w^mM liiiiiil lillffliPfl U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM LIBRARY OF Henry Guernsey Hubbard AND Eugene Amandus Schwarz DONATED IN 1902 ACCESSION Jf t/J JOURNAL OF THF, NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. JSebotctJ to ISntomologj) in <©pnfral. Voliime IX, 1901. Edited ry Wm. Beutenmuller. NEW YORK: Published by the Society, Quarterly. 1 90 1. PRESS OF THQ NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANV LANCASTER, PA, i/SRARNL J^>^ S ^ OK I c ONTENTS O f V OI.UME IX. Banks, Nathan, Notes on Some Spiders of Walkenaer, Koch and others . 182 BeutenmOller, William, The Earlier Stages of Sphinx gordius, . . . .87 The Earlier Stages of Ceratomia amyntor, ... 88 The Earlier Stages of Smerinthus geminatus, . . 89 Descriptions of Three Lepidopterous Larvae, . . 90 Catalogue of the Described Transformations of Austra- lian Lepidoptera, ....... 147 The Larva of Catocala illecta, . . . . .189 The Larva of Homoptera edusa, . . . .192 Notes on the Earlier Stages of Lobobunfea phaedusa, . 193 Habits of Eudsemonia brachyura, . . . .194 Obituary Notice of Herman Strecker, .... 200 Caudell, a. N., The Genus Sinea of Amyot & Serville, . . . i Cockerell, T. D. a., On Some Bees of the Genus Andrena from New Jersey, 132 Coquillett, D. W., Descriptions of Three Lepidopterous Larvae, . . 85 Types of Anthomyid Genera, . . . . -137 Daecke, E., Notes on the Habits of Thecla damon, ... 26 DOANE, R. W., Descriptions of New Tipulidae, . . . . -97 Dyar, Harrison G., Descriptions of Some Pyralid Larvae from Southern Flor- ida, . . . . . . . . -19 Note on the Larva of Arctia intermedia, . . -25 An Apparently New Tortricid from Florida, ... 24 Note on the Larva of Psaphidia thaxterianus, . . 84 Diagnosis of a New Arctian, . . . . .85 Descriptions of the Larvae of Three Mosquitoes, . . 177 The Life-History of Uranotaenia sapphirina, . .17c iv Contents. Fernald, C. H., New Pyralidaj and Tortricidre from Palm Beach, Florida, 49 Fox, William J., Two New Bombicine Wasps, ..... 83 Harris, Edw. Doubleday, CicindelidcTs of Mt. Desert, Maine, . . . -27 JouTEL, Louis H., Note on Sesia sigmoidea, . . . . . .190 Larva of Isochaetes beutenmiilleri on Staten Island, N. Y., 190 A Self- Decorating Geometrid Larva, . . . .191 Packard, A. S., A New Genus of Sphingicampid Moths, Allied to Bunaea, . . . . . . . .191 SCHAEFFER, C., Note on a Species of Psilopyge, . . . . - . 86 ScHAUS, William, Heterocera from Tropical America, . . . 40, 73 Seifert, Otto, Life-History of Platysenta videns, . . . .12 Smith, John B., Notes on Some Digger Bees, .... 29, 52 SvvAiNSON, Mrs. E. M., Notes on Lepidopterous Larvae from Jamaica, B. W. L, 77 Webster, F. M., The Southern Corn -Leaf Beetle : A New Insect Pest of Growing Corn, . . . . . . .127 Weeks, Archibald C, An Aberration of Papilio philenor, .... 82 Suggestions for Collecting Insects with Least Injury, . 95 Van Dyke, Edwin C, Observations upon the Faunal Regions of California from the Standpoint of a Coleopterist, . . .197 Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society, . 91, 194 JOURNAL J}f\a JBopk 6lntomoIogirfll jSoriptg* \^ol. IX. MARCH, 1901. No.^l. THE GENUS SINE A OF AMYOT c- SERVILLE. Bv A. N. Caudell, Washington, D. C. The species of the genus Sinea are for the most part quite closely allied, and persons other than special students of the Hemiptera are liable to experience difficulty in their separation. In some cases both sexes are necessary for a correct determination. In my .studies I have examined specimens of all the described species of this genus except Integra. The material in the collections of the United States National Museum, Massachusetts Agricultural Col- lege, Colorado Experiment Station, and the Museum of the State of New York, has been examined. In addition Professor Uhler has kindly allowed me to examine the specimens of Sinea in his private collection. For authentic specimens of raptoria, caudata, sanguisuga and defecta\ am indebted to Mr. G. C. Champion, also, for advance sheets of his most excellent article on this genus in the Biologia Cen- trali Americana. This eminent author has been freely quoted. By reason of his well-known ability as an hemipterist and by his having examined most of Still's types his dictum may well be accepted as final. A plate is given showing certain anatomical details. The external appearance of the male and female genitalia is portrayed by drawings made from Acholla multispinosa, an insect scarcely differing, in this particular feature, from the species of Sinea. A complete bibliography, so far as known to me, is given with each species. While some of the references are of minor importance it has seemed well to bring them together. All references have been verified except where preceded by a star (*). I would express my thanks to Prof. C. H. Fernald for various kind- nesses, to Mr. O. Heidemann for aid and advice, and to Mrs. Fernald and Dr. Dyar for aid in translating. 2 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. The species of the genus Sinca vary much both in size and color. In general they are somber colored and in cabinet specimens they vary many shades, from light cinnamon to almost black. If a specimen is killed soon after transformation the integument will not have become fully hardened and as a result the color is liable to be pale. The width of the abdomen varies considerably, especially in the female, where it is often greatly distended with eggs. In short both size and coloration are so variable as to be usually unreliable as specific characters. Sinea Amyot &= Serville. Sinea Amyot et Skrvii.le (pro parte), Hem., 1843, P- 375 5 StAl, Stett. Ent. Zeit., XXII, 1861, pp 137, 139; ibuL, XXIII, 1862, p. 443 ; Hem. Afric, III, 1865, p. 47; Enum. Hem., II, 1872, pp. 67, 70; Glover, MS. Notes from my jourii., 1876, p. no; Lkth. & Severin, Cat., Ill, 1896, p. 198; Champion, Biol. Cent. Amer. Rhync, II, 1899, p. 291. The genus Sinea, which, according to Glover, is from the Hebrew word "sene" meaning a prickly bush, was established in 1843 by Amyot and Serville. S. diadeina Fab., is the type. The genus is recognized by the species having the anterior legs with a dorsal spine on the femora and spined below on both the femora and the tibife. The species as now recognized may be separated by the following table. Sinea spinipcs and sa?igi/is//i^a are connected by intermediate forms and it seems questionable whether they should be considered distinct. The extremes, however, are so obviously distinct that I have thought it best to consider them as good species, especially as they are so recognized by both Uhler and Champion. I Anterior prothoracic lobe armed on the disk with spines 2 I. ^ Anterior prothoracic lobe armed on the di.sk only with tubercles, sometimes I acuminate but usually blunt 6 Posterior prothoracic lobe armed on the disk with sharp spines 3 Posterior prothoracic lobe unarmed on the disk 4 Anterior femora with the terminal spine of the inner inferior row out of align- ment, occupying rather a sub-dorsal position COmplexa Caud. Anterior femora with the terminal spine of the inner inferior row not out of alignment Integra Sfal. f Gibbosities on the disk of the posterior prothoracic lobe surmounted by a small tubercle. Sides of the female abdomen very prominently undulate. 4- -) undulata L 'hi. I Gibbosities on the disk of the posterior prothoracic lobe not surmounted by a [ small tubercle 5 6.-1 Maich, I90I.] Caudell: The Genus Sinea of ^a/vot ^^ Skrvili.e. 3 r Margins of the female abdomen prominently undulate, the undulations usually sub-angulate. Male abdomen varying from almost entire to quite prominently undulate. Length, 12-I4 mm diadema I-'ab. 5. \ Margins of the female abdomen usually inconspicuously undulate, sometimes more pronounced but rarely so prominent as in diadema ; the undulations generally rounded. Abdomen of the male entire, or very slightly un- I dulate. Length, Il-I3mm COnfusa, sp. nov. [ A pale fascia at the lateral extremity of each abdominal segment. Membrane of the hemelytra with a longitudinal dusky mark extending to the apex. Anteocular spines generally short and somewhat blunt rileyi Mont. The lateral extremity of the fourth abdominal segment without a pale fascia. I Membrane of the hemelytra generally without a longitudinal dusky mark I extending to the apex. Anteocular spines variable 7 f Anteocular spines sharp and well defined, the pair next the eyes usually longer than the terminal pair ., 8 j Anteocular spines blunt, short, usually mere tubercles, the pair next the eyes [ not distinctly longer than the terminal pair defecta Stal. Disk of the posterior prothoracic lobe bigibbous. Lateral margins of the ab- domen, especially of the female, undulate, scarcely so in the males 9 1 Disk of the posterior prothoracic lobe transversely convex, not distinctly bigii) I bous. Lateral margins of the abdomen not undulate in either sex lo f Abdomen of both sexes abruptly widened behind COronata Stal. \ Abdomen of neither sex abruptly widened behind COnfusa, var. Abdomen of the male emarginate at the apex, subcaudate, margins sub- parallel caudata Champ. I Abdomen of the male sub-truncate at the apex, not caudate II f Abdomen of the male with the margins sub-parallel, of the female widened to j the apex of the fourth segment raptoria Stal. j Abdomen of both sexes directly widened to the apex of the fourth segment, I but narrower in the male than in the female 12 Abdominal segment four and the basal half of segments five and six generally of the same color as the rest of the abdomen above, or slightly darker. First pair of anteocular spines usually twice as long as the terminal pair. Usually less than 12 mm. in length sanguisuga Stal. Abdominal segment four and the basal half of segments five and six generally much darker than the rest of the abdomen. First pair of anteocular spines longer than the terminal pair, but seldom twice as long. Usually more than 12 mm. in length spillipes Stal. Sinea diadema Fahr. (Plate L Fig- i, and Plate H, Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6.) Cimex niultispinosus DeGkek, Mem., Ill, 1773, P- 34^ (pars). RednTius diadema Fabkicius, Gen., 1776, ]). 302; *Spec., II, 1781, p. 382; Ins. Mant., II, 1787, p. 313; Fnt. Syst., IV, 1794, p. 206. .o.f 4 Journal New York Entomological Society. fvoi. ix. Cimex hispida Thunberg, Nov. Ins. Sp., II, 1783, p. t,-},. Cimex diadema Gmelin, Syst. Nat., I, IV, 1788, pp. 21, 96. Cimex celosus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., I, IV, 1788, pp. 21, 44. *Zelus diadema Fabricius, Syst. Rhyng., 1803, p. 286. Reduvius raptatorius Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil., IV, 1825, p. 327; Am. Ent., II, 1825, p. 72; Comp. Writings, I, 1859, p. 72; ibid., II, 1859, p. 249; Walsh, Prairie Farm., July, 1863; Pract. Ent., II, 1867, p. 43 ; Walsh and Rli.EY, Amer. Ent., I, 1868, pp. 207, 249 ; Riley, Inj. Ins. Mo., I, 1869, p. 114; Saunders and Reed, Can. Ent., Ill, 1871, p. 49; Rogers, Can. Ent., V, 1873, p. 155; Glover, MS. Notes, Hem., 1876, pp. 64, 131. Siriea viultispinosa Amyot and Serville, Hem., 1843, p. 375 ; Stal, Stelt. Ent. Zeit., XXII, 1861, p. 139; ibid., XXIII, 1862, p. 443 (part); Walkkr, Cat. Hem. Brit. Mus., VIII, 1873, pp. 138, 9; Dodge, Field and Forest, II, 1876, p. 67; Glover, MS., Notes, Hem., 1876, pp. 67, 133; Comstock, Cotton Insects, 1879, p. 169; Hubbard, Orange Insects, 1885, p. 191 ; Eher- HART, Elem. Ent., 1801, p. 132. '^ Irantha hispida SXAL, Oifr. Ak. Forh., 1866, p. 264. Sinea diadema Stal, Enum. Hem., 1872, p. 70 (part); Uhler, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv., No. 5, 2nd Ser., 1876, p. 326; Bull. U. S. Geo. and Geog. Surv., Ill, 1877, p. 429; ibid., IV, 1878, p. 508; Riley, Bull. No. 3, U. S. Ent. Com., 1880, p. 36; Supp. Mo. Rep., 1881, p. 58; 4th Rep. U. S. Ent Com., 1885, p. 97; LiNTNER, 1st Rep. Ins. N. V., 1882, p. 331 ; ibid., Ilth Rep., 1896, p. 270; POPENOE, Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., IX, 1885, p. 63; Uhler, Check List, Hem., 1886, p. 23 ; Saundurs, Ins. Inj. Fruit, 1889, p. 70; TowNSEND, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, II, 1891, p. 55 ; Blaisdei.l, Ins. Life, V, 1892, p. 35; Hopkins, Bull. No. 32, W. Va. Agricul. Exp. St., 1893. p. 232 ; AsHMEAD, Ins. Life, VII, 1895, p. 321 ; Gillette and Baker, Bull. No. 31, Colo. Agricul. Exp. St., 1895, p. 59; Leth. and Severin, Cat. Hem., Ill, 1896, p. 198; Heidemann, Proc. Ent. Soc, Wash., IV, 1899, p. 217 ; Champion, Biol. Cent. Amer. Rhync, II, 1899, p. 292. Length 12-14 ™i^- Anterior prothoracic lobe armed on the disk with long spines. Posterior prothoracic lobe unarmed, bigibbous on the disk. Margins of the female abdomen prominently undulate. Abdomen of the male varying from almost entire to quite prominently undulate. Habitat : United States and Canada. Type, Mus. Holm. I doubt the synonomy of Thunberg' s hispidus as it was described from India. In Gmelin's Edition of Linnaeus' Syst. Nat., I, (4), p. 2144, 1788, under the name setosiis, it is said to inhabit America, Australia and India. This species, as originally defined, occurred in Central America and Mexico as well as in the United States and Canada. But as re- cently pointed out by Mr. Champion, the form occurring in Central America is not diadema. This being true it may be doubted if dia- devia occurs south of the Mexican border. March, iQoi.l CaUDEI.1. : I HE C.ENUS SlNEA OK AmVOT &^ Si^'-^^'"-l-l--- 5 This is our most common and best known species and is readily separable from all others, except corouata, inuiulaia and coii/itsa, by the distinctly undulated margins of the female abdomen. The spined anterior prothoracic lobe clearly separates it from coronata but from confiisa it can be distinguished only by comparative differences, aided perhaps in some cases by the habitat. It differs from iiiidulata only in minute details. The figure of this species on the plate shows an average female specimen, the undulations of the abdomen probably being a little too much rounded. In a female specimen in the collection of the National Museum that is doubtfully referred to this species the pos- terior prothoracic lobe is not bigibbous on the disk and the margins of the abdomen are not at all undulate, though the edges show semi- transparent at intervals, giving them a distinctly undulated appearance. The egg and first stage of the nymph of this species were described by Mr. W. H. Ashmead in Insect Life (Vol. VII, p. 321, 1895). As this, so far as I know, is the only description of immature forms of any of our Sineas the matter is here reproduced in full. " Ova, Length, 1. 5 mm. or a little more than twice as long as thick, "of a cylindri- cal shape, rounded at bottom and truncate at top. The top is surmounted by a broad, silky, white, marginal fringe, in the center of which is a cone- shaped cap or lid, which is removed when the young nymph makes its e.xit from the egg." " A freshly laid cluster of these eggs, deposited Aug. 7th, hatched on the 17th, so that the duration of the egg state, under ordinary circumstances, can not be more than ten or twelve days. The eggs are deposited in clusters to the number of eight, ten, or more, on either the upper or lower surface of the (cotton) leaf, and are closely together in a sticky, dark honey-yellow, or reddish-yellow secretion." " Nym])h, first stage. Length 1.8 mm., and of a piceous or shiny black color ; the antenna;, except at extreme base, the apical half of middle and posterior tibiae and all tarsi being brownish yellow, while the middle and hind legs, except as already noted, are dark, piceous. The antennas are cylindrical, 4-jointed, as long as the body, the first and last joints being nearly equal in length, while the second and third united are a little shorter than the first ; the head is large, oblong and smooth, widest anteriorly, and as long as the thorax, the beak is stout, extending to between the middle coxre ; the thorax is divided into two lobes, each of which bears a pair of spines ; abdomen short and not longer than the hind lobe of the thorax ; the anterior femora are longer and much stouter than the others and armed with strong spines above and beneath, their tibiae shorter and slenderer, pilose and with three spines beneath ; while the middle and hind legs are shorter and more slender, without spines although more or less pilose." c. Journal New York Entomological Socieiy. [\ui ix- It eats young cotton-worms and other insects in Mississippi. Sinea undulata Uhl. Sinea undulata Uhlkr, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sc, IV, 1894, p. 282 ; Leth. & Severin, Cat. Hemip., Ill, 1896, p. 199. Brownish-cinereous, pale gray, pubescent, similar to .S'. diadema, but wider, with a shorter neck and femora, with the spines more numerous and crowded together on the front division of the head, with the carinate lines of the middle of the pronotum prominently and sharply defined, and the knobs each side of the base elevated, and surmounted by a little tubercle ; three double series of spine-like black tubercles on the anterior lobe of the pronotum. Venter with a series of oblique, white spots on each side near the border ; scallops of the lateral border more prominent and placed farther back than in .S". diadema, the inner margin of corium white. Length to tip of venter 14-15 mm. Width of pronotum, 3 mm. Habitat : California. This species, which will probably prove to be a variety or aberra- tion of diadema, is quite a characteristic appearing insect. The type has been seen and it seems to agree perfectly with the description. None of the many specimens of Sinea examined by me were referable to this species. The author's description is given above. Sinea confusa, sp. nov, Sinea i)iultispinosa%\\\^, Stett. Ent. Zeit., XX HI, 1S62, p. 443 (part). Sinea diadema Stal., Enum. Hemip., II, 1872, p. 70 (part). Sinea tindula/a Champion, Biol. Cent. Amer. Rhync, II, 1899, p. 292. Length 10-13 mm. Prothoracic lobes as in diadema. Abdomen of the female generally inconspicuously undulate, sometimes more pronounced but never as promi- nent as in the typical diadema. The undulations usually rounded. Abdomen of the male entire, or very slightly undulate. Habitat: Arizona. Type, no. 5364. V. S. Nat. Miis. This species has hitherto been confounded with diadema. The two species do approach each other very closely but the extremes are conspicuously distinct. Coiifusa has been also confounded with un- dulata, but it is difficult to see how that could occur. The author's discription oi undulata, it seems, would preclude such a possibility. Of this species I have seen specimens from California, Arizona and Texas in the United States and from various localities in Mexico and Central America. Its habitat will aid to an extent in separating it from diadema. Specimens sent from Mexico by Mr. Champion have the abdomens of the females very slightly undulate, while those of the males are practically entire. March. loci.l CaI'DELL: ThE GENUS SlNEA OF AmYOT &^ SeRVILI.E. T In the discussion of this species under the name itiidiilata Mr. Champion describes a variety thus: " Var. The spines on the head shorter, and those on the anterior lobe of the pronotum reduced to conical tubercles, the neck simply granulate ( c? 9 )." He found intermediate forms connecting the variety with the typical specimens. The variety is represented in the National Museum by both male and female specimens. Sinea coronata Stal. (Plate I, Fig. 2.) Sinea coronata Stal, Stett. Ent, Zeit., XXIII, 1862, p. 444 ; Walker, Cat. Hem. in Brit. Mus., VIII, 1873, P- 138, 9; Uhlkr, Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. No. 5, 2nd Ser. 1876, p. 61 ; Uhler, Check List Hem., 1886, p. 23 ; Leth. & Se\erin, Cat. Hem., Ill, 1896, p. 199; Champion, Biol. Cent. Amer. Rhync, II, 1S99, p. 292. Length, 13-15 mm. Anterior prothoracic lobe without spines on the disk, furnished only with conical tubercles. Posterior lobe unarmed, bigibbous on the disk. x\bdomen of both sexes abruptly widened behind. Habitat: United States, Mexico and Central America. Types, Mus. Holm and Coll. Sign. This characteristic species is readily distinguished from all others by the abruptly widened abdomen in both sexes, as illustrated at fig. 2 on plate I. Diadema is its nearest ally, and from it it is distin- guished at a glance by the anterior prothoracic lobe being without spines on the disk. It occurs in the southern and western United States, the specimens in the National Museum being from Texas. Sinea complexa Can dell. (Platel, Fig. 3.) Sinea complexa Caudell, Can. Ent., XXXII, p. 67, 1900. Length 8-1 1 mm. Anterior prothoracic lobe distinctly spined. Posterior lobe with well-defined spines on the disk, which is transversly convex, not bigibbous. Abdomen with well-rounded sides, margins entire. Anterior femora with the last two ventral spines of the inner row out of alignment, the terminal one the more so, being sub-dorsally located. Habitat : This is a western species described from California and also collected in Arizona. A s])ecimen in the collection of the National Museum is labelled "Alabama," probably erroneously so. Type no. 4433, U. S. Nat. Mus. This well-marked little species is at a glance recognized from all the other species, Integra alone excepted, by the posterior prothoracic lobe S Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. \x. being distinctly spined on the disk. The peculiar armature of the an- terior femora serves to separate U from intei^ra. For the drawings illustrating this species I am indebted to Miss Lillie L. Howenstein. Sinea Integra Stdl. (Plate I, Fig. 4.) Sinea iuiet^ra Stal, Stett. Ent. Zeit., XXIII, 1862, p. 443; Enum. Hemip., II, 1872, p. 71 ; Walker, Cat. Hem. in Brit. Mus., VIII, 1873, P- ^S^, 9 ; Uhlkk, Check List Hem., 1886, p. 23; Leth. & Severin, Cat. Hemip., Ill, 1896, p. 199; Champion, Biol. Cent. Anier. Rhync, II, 1899, p. 294. Both lobes of the piothorax armed with spines, disk of the posterior lobe con- vex. Abdomen not undulate. Anterior femora with none of the ventral spines out of alignment. Habitat: Mexico and Central America. Type, Mus. Holm. Mr. Champion examined the type of this species in the Signoret collection and found it to be a m?i\e confusa {iindu/ata). He also ex- amined the type (male) in the Stockholm Museum and presumably found it with the posterior prothoracic lobe spined as he expressly defines integra as a species with this character. By reason of his hav- ing seen nearly all the types of Stal's species his definition oi integra is accepted with confidence. Of all the specimens of Sinea examined by me 1 ha\e found not one integra. Stal described it from Mexico and ten years later while writing of it he gives only Mexico as its habitat. I have seen American specimens labelled as integra but in every case they were either obvious mis-identifications or the males of confiisa which they doubtless much resemble. It will probably develop that American authors have wrongly interpreted this species and that it is not native to the United States at all. Champion saw but six specimens, exclusive of the type. This would indicate that this is a comparatively rare species. It is said to resemble diadema in general form but the sides of the abdomen are not undulate and the posterior prothoracic lobe is not bigibbous on the disk. The figure is copied from Champion. Sinea caudata CJiavipion. (Plate I, Fig. 5.) Sinea caudata CilAMi'iON, Biol. Cent. Amer. Rhync, II, 1899, p. 293. Length 8-10.5 "J^^^- Anterior prothoracic lobe armed with sharp. tubercles, poste- rior lobe unarmed, convex. Margins of abdomen entire. Male abdomen subcaudate with the apex emarginate. March, i.joi] Caudeli, : The Genus Sinea of Amvot .^^ Si-'.Ki'ii.i.i-:. 9 Habitat : Central America. Type Brit. Mus. This Central American species is very closely allied to 6". raptoria but the males may by separated by the apex of the abdomen as given in the table of species. The females are practically inseparable. The tubercles on the anterior lobe of the prothorax are somewhat more acute in caudata than in raptoria. The author had before him five males and six females. Sinea raptoria Stdl. (Plate I, Fig. 6.) Sinea raptoria Stal, Stett. Ent. Zeit., XXIII, 1862, p. 444 ; Walker, Cat. Hemip. Meter. Brit. Mus., VIII, 1873, PP- 138, I39 ; Uhi.er, Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. No. 5, 2d Sen, 1876, p. 61 ; Check List Hemip., 1886, p. 23; Leth. & Severin, Cat. Hemip., Ill, 1896, p. 199 ; Hubbard, Supp. Psyche, 1899, p. 6 ; Champion, Biol. Cent. Amer. Rhync, II, 1899, p. 293. Sinea denticuiosa St.al, Emim. Hemip., II, 1872, p. 70; Leth. & Severin, Cat. Hemip., Ill, 1896, p. 198. Length, 8-1 1 mm. Anterior prothoracic lobe armed with short conical tubercles. Posterior lobe unarmed, convex on the disk. Abdomen entire, not caudate, sub- truncate at apex. Habitat : United States, Mexico and Central America. Types, Mus. Holm, and Coll. Sign. Mr. Champion established the synonymy oi denticuiosa with raptoria by critically comparing their respective types and finding them in- separable. This species is closely related to caudata and sanguisuga, but may be separated from them by characters given in the table. The males are necessary for a correct determination. Raptoria is comnion to the United States, Mexico and Central America, but with us it has been recorded only from the western States. Sinea sanguisuga Stat. (Plate I, Figs 7 and 8). Sinea sangustiga Stal, Stett., Ent. Zeit., XXIII, 1862, p. 444; Enum. Hemip., II, 1872, p. 71; Walker, Cat. Hem. Het. Brit. Mus., VIII, 1873, p. 138, 139; Uhler, Check List Hem., 1886, p. 23 ; Leth. & Severin, Cat. Hemip., III, 1896, p. 199; Champion, Biol. Cent. Amer. Rhync, II, 1899, p. 294. Length 10-13 mm. First pair of anteocular spines usually twice as long as the third pair. Thorax as in raptoria. Abdomen entire, outer angles of the fourth seg- ment sometimes prominent or subdentiform, especially in the male, where sometimes the fifth segment is also slightly prominent. Segments four and basal half of segments five and six usually of the same color as the rest of the abdomen, sometimes slightly darker. 10 JouKNAi. New York Entomological Society. [Vol ix. Habitat: United States, Mexico and Central America. Type, Miis. Holm. The table will enable the student to separate this species from the other members of the genus. Some difficulty may be experienced in separating it from spinipes as the differences here are but relative. The abdomens of the males are usually sharply angulated on the fourth segment, sometimes also on the fifth. The specimens in the National Museum are from Texas. Sinea spinipes Hen-.-Sch. Harpador spmipes IlERRlCH-ScH.liFi-ER, Wanz. Ins., VIII, 1848, p. 82. Sniea spinipes Stal, Enum. Heinip., II, 1872, p. 71; Uhler, Check List Hem., 1886, p. 23; Leth. & Severin, Cat. Hemip., Ill, 1896, p. 199; Champion, Biol. Cent. Amer. Rhync, II, 1899, p. 295. Length, 12-15 mm. First pair of anteocular spines seldom twice as long as the third. Thorax as in sangidsuga. Abdomen entire. The fourth and basal half of segments five and six of the abdomen generally conspicuously darker than the rest of the body, usually more constant in the females. Habitat : United States, Mexico and South America? This species was described and figured from South America by Herrich-Schaeffer in 1848, but it has never since been reported from that locality. In 1872 Stal gave its habitat as Mexico. It occurs all over the southern and central parts of the United States. Its closest ally is satiguisuga and the diff'erences. enumerated in the table will usually separate them. The range of spinipes seems to extend farther north than does that o^ sa/igiiisuga, the latter species generally occurring only in the extreme southern states. The distinct black band across the abdomen especially in the females, will usually serve to separate it from its allies, though this is sometimes seen, to a lesser extent in sangiiisuga and especially in defccta. The long anteocular spines at once separated it from the latter species. Sinea rileyi Motitafuh/i. Sinea rileyi Montaxdon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas., XVI, 1893, p. 51 ; Uhler, N. A. Fauna, No. 7, 1895, p. 250; Leth. & Severin, Cat. Hemip., Ill, 1896, p. 199; Champion, Biol. Cent. Amer. Rhync, II, 1899, p. 295. Length, 9.5-12 mm. Head with large tubercles or short blunt spines before the eyes instead of well developed spines. Anterior prothoracic lobe armed with tubercles posterior lobe unarmed, convex on the disk. A pale fascia at the lateral extremity of each segment of the abdomen, which is entire and with the margins well rounded, not at all angulated at the sides in either sex. Membrane of the hemelytra with a longi- tudinal dusky mark extending to the tip, rarely obsolete or not easily seen. Habitat : United States. Type, Coll. Montandon. March, igoi.] CaUDELL : ThE GENUS SiNEA OK ^.1/K() 7" ^- .SaA' / 7/./. A. 11 This species is somewhat allied to saiiguisuga and related forms, but the short anteocular spines will serve to distinguish it from all ex- cept defecta, in which case the characters given in the table will serve to distinguish it. It was described from California and there are specimens in the National Museum from Texas and Arizona. There is also a single specimen labelled ' ' North Carolina. ' ' This seems quite out of its ordinary range and the specimen may be wrongly labelled. The antennae of this species are obscurely ringed with pale bands on the first segment, in some cases scarcely visible. Sinea defecta Stdl. (Plate I, Fig. 9.) Sinea defecta Stal, Stett. Ent. Zeit., XXIII, 1862, p. 445 ; Envini. Ilemip., II, 1872, p. 71 ; Walker, Cat. Hemip. Heter. Brit. Mus., VIII, 1873, pp. 139, 140; Uhler, Check List Hemip., 1886, p. 23 ; Leth. & Severin, Cat. Hemip., Ill, 1896, p. 198 ; Champion, Biol. Cent. Amer. Rhync, II, 1899, p. 295. Length, II-13.5 mm. Head and thorax as in rileyi. Abdomen entire, seg- ment four without a pale fascia. The fourth and basal half of segments five and six of the abdomen usually darker than the rest of the body, generally more constant in the females. Abdomen of the male with the apical angle of the fourth segment slightly prominent or subangulate. Membrane of the hemelytra without a longitudinal dusky mark. Habitat: Mexico and Central America. Type, Museum Holm. This species resembles spiuipes in coloration, size and form but is at once distinguished from it, as well as from all others, by having only very short blunt spines or tubercles on the anterior part of the head. This character is shown at figure 9 on plate I. Fig. I Fig. 2 Fig- 3 Fig. 4 Fig- 5 Fig. I Fig. 2 Fig- 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 EXPLANATION OF PLATE I. Sinea diadema Fab. Fig. 6. Sinea raploria StAi.. " coronata StaL. Fig. 7. " sanguisiiga St.\L. " coinplexa Caud. P'ig. 8. " sanguisuga Stai,. " integi-a Siki,. Fig. 9. " defec/a Stm.. " caiidata ChamP. EXPLANATION OF PLATE II. Acholla imdtispinosa Dec. 9- (Tip of abdomen, ventral view.) " " "9- (Tip of abdomen, apical view. ) Sinea diadema F.\B. (Hemielytron. ) " " " (Wing.) " " " (Fore leg. ) (Claw.) Acholla multispinosa Dec. $ . (Tip of abdomen, ventral view.) " " " ^- (Tip of abdomen, apical view. ) 1 -2 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. LIFE-HISTORY OF PLATYSENTA VIDENS GUEN. l!v Otto Seikkki. Southward from Astoria, New York to the railroad and eastward to the little village of Woodside, spreads a pasture-like tract of land, interrupted by sand pits and boggy depressions, the latter being cov- ered a few months in the year by rank vegetation. Every tree and bush of this once wooded region has been removed and almost noth- ing is left but the sandy soil, covered with a low growth of frugal grasses. Mortified nature, to relieve the monotonous landscape, has compassionately ornamented this desert with some of its hardiest plants. Euthainia p-aminifolia, E. caroliniaiia, different species of Aster and Linaria tin aria, in small fields and patches, cover the ground. Most abundant are the two species of Euthamia and, as these are shunned by cattle, their dense yellow flower clusters and emerald green foliage last until late in October. The smaller one, E. caroliniana, reaches an average height of twelve inches. The dry, brown stems of the previous season mostly persist, forming with the young shoots (both Euthamia are perennial by rootstocks) low, spreading patches. These spots are the favorite habitat of the Platy- senta larvre. Here they find a shelter against the parching rays of the sun, protection against rain and a comparatively safe place for their final transformations. The oval cocoons or earth cells are formed in the sandy soil near or on the surface, supported and screened by the superficial roots of the food-plant. Only in a few cases larv?e were found feeding on species of Solidago, while hundreds might have been collected without trouble within these patches of Euthamia. The moth oi Platysenta videns appears in three generations. The first leaves its cocoon late in May, finishing its course of life early in July, while larvie of the last brood may be found till the middle of October. The caterpillars are most abundant from August till Oc- tober. They do not feed on the flower clusters, only on the leaves. During the day time they rest on the stems and leaves of the food plant, stretched closely to their resting places, the small, flat head, ex- tended forward and the well -developed anal legs spreading and pro- jecting posteriorly. The normal color of the fully grown larva is the rather pale, dull green of the Euthamia leaf, with fine dor- March, igoi.] SeIFERT : LlFE-HlSTORY OF PlATYSENTA VIDENS. 13 sal, subdorsal and lateral white lines and a broad white stigmatal band. It would be difficult to detect them were it not for this white band. When disturbed they emit, like many other caterpillars, a yellowish brown or greenish juice. At least 75 per cent, of the larvae follow this type. Another form is chocolate brown with the same lines. Between these two forms a variety of lighter brown shades to olive green are found. The variety in color has nothing to do with the sex or coloration of the imago, neither does the color protect the larvae from the attacks of their parasites, as the dark forms are infested in the same proportion as the normal green form. Of the parasites, Frofoinicrop/ifis callipfera Say, is most abundant. This and a dipteron, Winthemia quadripustulata Fab., may be seen hovering over the blossoms of the food-plant. As the grubs of the parasites leave the caterpillars before the latter form their cells, the little whitish oval cocoons of the Protomicroplitis may often be found fastened to the leaves and twigs, though as a rule the grubs bury them- selves in the ground deeper than their hosts. Tanisais gefmnatus Say, is a larger, but far rarer parasite infesting them. The larvcC and pupae of the moth are hardy and develop easily even when forced by heat, the pup^e of the parasites being more sensitive. The caterpillars do not appear to be much subject to contagious larval diseases — muscardine and flaccidencia — though both diseases are usually most infectious and many larvae of Arctia arge, Arctia na'is, Leucarctia acrcea, Arsilonche alboz'enosa, etc., are killed by the first named disease and found as stiff, whitish corpses on top of grass blades and stems within and around the habitat of the Platysenta, while the pretty, adaptive larva of CiiciiUia asteroides feed- ing fret[uently on the blossoms of Solidago and Euthamia are often found affected or destroyed by the latter disease. The summer-heat quickly develops the moth, the copulation is of short duration and the female at once deposits her eggs singly or not more than six on a leaf. They are not fastened very tightly and may be shaken off by beating. The larvae were plentiful in the district alluded to above. Several places in Westchester Co., where E . graminifolia grows plentifully i^E. caroliniana is far more local), were carefully searched for the larvae, but none were found. Even virgin females exposed there did not find mates. These localities are mostly boggy or rocky. Common as the moth is, it still seems to be confined to certain conditions and 14 Journal New York Entomological Society. [voi. ix. one of these, besides the presence of one of the Euthamia, is a light and dry sandy soil, where water can not collect. May 24th, six females were exposed near Woodside in three different places. Earlier trials with prematurely appearing females had been un- successful. A heaAy rain set in that night lasting until the following noon : nevertheless early in the morning two of the females were found fertilized, they deposited eggs by degrees until May 27th, when they died. ^^i,X- — Almost spherical, slightly higher than the widest diameter of 0.5 mm., pale yellowish green. Around the sunken, circular, shallow vertex arise eight equidistant prominent ribs, eight to ten more arise above the middle of the egg, so that at the base sixteen to twenty vertical equally well defined, rather robust ribs pass across the base, eighteen to twenty equidistant stride cross horizontally, giving the empty eggshell the appearance of being covered with a fine regular network. The yellowish green color of the egg changes after 36 to 48 hours to a paler green ; a purplish brown stripe encircling the middle and a spot of the same color spreading gradually from the vertex ; soon the whole upper half is pale purplish brown, the vertical ribs, especially those near the summit, turning transparent and colorless. By June 2d all the eggs had hatched, the young larvte eating an opening side- ways, leave the colorless membrane intact. Stage I. — Soon after hatching the young larvte become active, collecting in numbers on the branchlets and at the slightest touch sus- pend themselves by silken threads. They are slender, about 2.5-3.0 mm. long when resting, slightly widening from the third thoracic seg- ment towards head. Head perceptibly wider than the body, flat, uni- formly very light brownish, clypeus paler, ocelli darker brown. Ground color yellowish green, but being almost transparent the con- tents of the inner organs changes the color to various tints of darker green. The larv?e are geometrid-like, distinctly hunched on eleventh segment ; the first two pairs of abdominal legs undeveloped. Tuber- cles small, black, the single bristles about half as long as the width of the body, also black. Feet concolorous with body. Thoracic feet spread sideways when walking. 5/r/////i and Jral>is), here and there a little bunch of violets, the little creeping potentilla and the omnipresent Lcoutodon taraxacum scattered throughout the soft and flowery carpet to complete the pic- ture which is one of the homes and haunts of Tliecla damon. This little Thccla is one of the best judges of fine scenery. The red cedar which is the food-plant of Thecla damon is common on many places in the Oranges, but Thecla damoii will not be found wherever cedar abounds. I searched the Orange Mountains for miles and came across many groves of cedar but found Thecla damon only on one spot and I dare say the prettiest and most picturesque spot of the whole mountain range. When I took this insect first I found it very difficult to capture. It would skip swiftly from flower to flower, and as soon as it found itself persecuted it would suddenly drop with folded wings into the grass, the green underside of its wings being a perfect protection from being discovered. Another time I visited this spot in search of Thecla damon. I failed to find a single specimen. It was the right season, a beautiful day and early in the afternoon. So I began to in- spect the cedar bushes and found that this insect was hovering quite in abundance about the cedar tops, but out of reach of my net. In order to locate them I knocked against the cedar trees to scare them up, but only secured three or four specimens that day. Another time I came better prepared. I had a 4 feet extension to my net, but there March, I90I.] HaRRIS : CiCINDELID/E OI'' Mt. DeSERT, MaINE. 21 was no need for it that day, as they were skipping about quite low, partly on cedar, partly on potentilla and mountain cress. Another time I went there and found this little T]iecla at his old tricks, eluding my net by dropping into the grass. This habit, however, seems to be common with various Thecla. I noticed it especially on Thecla nip/ion, tifits, inis and augiistits all of which I took specimens on the same place. The only difference being that the latter Thecla, having brownish undersides, would select bare ground, rocks or dry twigs to drop thereon, and if not very carefully watched their whereabouts would be quite problematic to the pursuer. CICINDELID^ OF MT. DESERT, MAINE. By Edw. Doubleday Harris. A persistent search for Cicindelidse in the Island of Mt. Desert, on the coast of Maine, was undertaken by the writer in August (8-28) of the past season. The field covered was that portion of the island south of a line drawn from Newport Mt. on the east coast to Seal Cove on the west. But four species were found, loiigihibris, purpurea limbalis Klug, vulgaris, and a variety of repanda. The ground is not favorable for the preservation of the genus. Sea beaches are infrequent and con- tracted, and generally of a pebbly material, the coast being almost universally rocky, and often of precipitous cliffs. There are but few sand deposits in this part of the island, and the banks of the streams and ponds are heavily wooded. Longilabris occurs nowhere plentifully, distributed along the roads, generally through woods, but where there is an abundance of sunlight. In a day's outing, it was possible to take from five to eight specimens. Out of fifty, taken during the period, there was but little departure from the type, either in color or markings. Perhaps ten per ct. were of a slightly brownish hue ; three or four specimens had abnormally large humeral and apical spots, and in as many all markings were some- Avhat obscure. The species, as here observed, has a higher and longer flight than is usual with the genus, a distance of fifty to seventy feet being not uncommon. Its large size and dark color render pursuit easy. It is not wary, and once located on the ground can be readily taken with the net. 28 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. Purpurea var. limbalis Klug, was the common species. It occurred on sunny roads, often in considerable numbers. A field near Bass Harbor, on both sides of the road, sparsely covered with grass, was over-run with them. The markings were (juite constant and close to type, but the color varied considerably, with decided inclination to- wards the duller green tones ; specimens of the brilliant reddish hue, so common in the West, were absent. Purpurea itself was not seen. The repauda variety was interesting. It was quite sparsely dis- tributed over the open roads, occurring generally with limbalis. In one single locality, a bit of hard, bare ground at the edge of a small pond in the woods, it was taken repeatedly, and in some abundance. In size, color and markings it resembles the var. iluotleci/ni;uflata, ex- cept that the middle band is somewhat more plainly marked. Save for its slightly larger size and darker tone of color it is hardly distin- guishable from specimens taken by the writer on similar ground at Mt. Savage in western Maryland, in June, or from specimens in his cabinet from California, designated " ore^i^vua.'" Some fifty individ- uals of the variety in question were secured at Mt. Desert, and in all the same characteristics prevailed. Repaiula, for some unaccountable reason, was not encountered, except in one single instance. Vulgaris was very abundant in a single sandy spot in the woods. Many of the specimens were noticeable for the attenuated and pro- longed humeral lunule, approaching var. obliquata. Special search was made in the hope of taking sexguttata, ancocis- conensis and hcntzii. The summits of several high hills, and that of Pemetic Mt. , where large exposed surfaces of granitic rock are fre- quent, were searched for the two last, but fruitlessly. The genus, so far as observed, seemed altogether absent from the higher localities, as well as from the sea coast. Shady wood paths, where sexguilata and its varieties love to dwell, yielded nothing though carefully searched. Even ubiquitous /////(•/// /(i'A/ was altogether absent. March, igoi.] SmITH : On SoME DlGGER BeES. 29 NOTES ON SOME DIGGER BEES.— I. By John B. Smith, Sc. D. One of the most interesting collecting regions that I have ever found is in the New Jersey Pines. At first sight there is nothing very attractive about them — mostly sand, covered by oak scrub or briars, fields or opens of Indian grass, stunted pines, then a swamp more or less cedar covered, from which runs a little stream through a lowland which is very apt to be in cranberries. The impression gained from the car windows riding to Atlantic City, Cape May or other shore re- sorts, from New York or Philadelphia, is of dreary desolation, intense heat in summer, flocks of mosquitoes and general hopelessness. Yet this impression is utterly erroneous. There is more difference in level than first appears and, while there are no high hills, there is fall enough for rapid streams affording water power for numerous mills — many of them now dropping to pieces and disused. There are really many very pretty bits of quiet landscape and here and there a large pond courteously dubbed a " lake " affords fishing and even rowing. Lake- wood and Browns Mills are Pine resorts not unknown to the fashionable world, but they are by no means the best points in the region. To the naturalist this area is of never-failing interest. The flora which at first seems so uniform is really very rich and varied ; while as to insects the records in my Catalogue of the species found in New Jersey will indicate something of the faunal wealth. Years ago I became acquainted with Mr. J. Turner Brakeley, of Bordentown, N. J., who spends each season, a large portion of his time in the pines, in Ocean County. There are cranberry bogs there and in the course of my studies on the insects injuring this crop I spent some time at Lahaway, as Mr. Brakeley's place is called. This is well in the pines, several miles from any railroad, and two miles or more from the nearest group of houses dignified by the name of village — Prospertown, in which nobody prospers. Mr. Brakeley knows the pines and their inhabitants ; knows much of botany and something of entomology ; but better than all, he has the faculty of close observation. Almost every year for a long time past I have managed to spend a few days with him, alone with nature — he keeps bachelor's hall — and on our tramps we frecjuently discussed 30 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vo,. ix, the numerous indications of underground life. This particular locality is peculiarly adapted to the requirements of burrowing insects and every road, every opening in the woods and almost every sand field showed little heaps of sand ; here, there and everywhere. There is first of all from six to eighteen inches of light drift sand, dry as can be in summer and light enough to blow away on the surface ; but moist a few inches down and very compact. Below this comes an admixture of fine clay, often colored by iron to a rusty red, and below this there is usually a layer of gravel or sand or both. Strata follow each other in this way eight feet down and more, on the level, none of them more than a foot or two thick and all easy digging except in the gravel which is sometimes very hard and mixed with iron stone. Bees, wasps, spiders and ants we saw disappearing into holes in the ground and there ended our knowledge of them. Of course I wished to know more and talked learnedly of what little the books said on the subject. Mr. Brakeley listened patiently and finally proposed to get plaster casts of the burrows as the easiest way of finding out the truth. When I proved skeptical as to the feasibility of the i)lan he tried it quietly after I left and succeeded. He is, therefore, entitled to full credit for the method by which the information, here given, was obtained. After many trials he found that a good quality ot plaster was essential to the best results, and I obtained dental plaster for the purpose. This was mixed measure for measure with water, i. e., one ounce measure of plaster was dumped into one ounce measure of water, the mixture was rapidly stirred and poured while perfectly liquid into the surface opening of the burrow to be investigated. The water drained rapidly into the moist soil and the cast set rapidly, some holes taking as much as eight ounces of liquid plaster. This was com- paratively easy ; the wearisome task was digging out these casts which went down way beyond the limits I had supposed possible. The first work was done on burrows made by spiders, which were large and easily filled ; but in 1898 almost the entire summer was put into work with bees. Colletes com pacta Cress. The determination of this species, which is one of the earliest of its tribe, I owe to Mr. Wm. J. Fox. It is on the wing early in March and its burrows were first noted by Mr. Brakeley on March 12th. At that time groups of from 10 to 20 little mounds of yellow sand were March, igoi.l SmITH : On SoME DiGGER BeES. 31 noticed, indicating a depth of from six to twelve inches. From ap- pearance some of these mounds had been there from 2 to 4 days. They were about i^ inches in diameter and half an inch high, with a central opening less than one (juarterof an inch in diameter. On the 13th over 200 were seen on the same area and on March 15 th the ground was dotted with mounds everywhere in groups of from 5 to 1 5 or more. On this date one of the burrows was followed down to 18 inches without finding the end and several of the bees were taken making determination possible. Plaster casting was now begun and the casts obtained ran from 10 to 17 inches in length, a little twisted or bent near the surface, then dropping down almost vertically. Some burrows, however, were absolutely vertical from the top to the bottom. March 17th, at a distance of 20 inches from the surface, one cast showed a lateral, set off at an obtuse angle downward from the main gallery. March 20th a parchment-like cell was found at the end of a lateral. This cell was about three-fifths of an inch in length, less than one quarter of an inch in diameter, a trifle dilated centrally, though this may have been due to removal from soil, was rounded at the outer or lower closed end and squarely truncate at the upper or open end. In texture it was close and very thin, transparent, not very tough, yet scarcely to be called brittle. It was evidently not intended to be re- sistant, but to keep clean the pasty mass with which it was to be filled. March 27th to 31st, bees were engaged in filling these food sacs and on April ist the first completed brood cell with egg in place and finally sealed was found. Of the casts secured up to this time the longest was 27 inches, the range for the beginning of the lateral being from 20 to 27 inches. The laterals themselves varied from 2 to 4 inches, an extreme of 6 inches being observed in rare instances. Cells not sealed were filled with plaster when cast, the membraneous cover- ing forming a shining surface at the end. When sealed the closed cell hung loosely to the end of the cast. The food stored in the brood cells is a pasty mixture of honey and pollen, but where the insects secured the material at that season was not ascertained. The cell is less than half filled with food and the egg, which is quite large and crescent-shaped, is attached at one side by one end and so curved that the opposite tip rests on the surface of the food mass. The entire insect is less than 11 mm. in length, of o2 Journal New Yokk En'icmoi.cgical Society. [Voi. ix. which the female abdomen is rather more than 5 mm. The egg slightly exceeds 3 mm. in length. The interval from the beginning of the burrow to the time when the first egg is laid seems, therefore, to be from 18 to 20 days, of which 5 were rainy. Three of the 5 bad days came while the insects were storing food and probably delayed the completion of the work. When the cell is filled and an egg is laid the upper end is closed by a flat disc of the same parchment-like material as that constituting the rest of the cell and set in a little inside the ragged upper edge. When completed one of these cells is not unlike in appearance to a short 32 cartridge, and Mr. Brakeley and myself fell into the habit of referring to them as "cartridges" loaded or empty, as they were or were not filled with food. I'he material of which the pouch is composed is probably altogether salivary. There is no fibrous structure apparent and no mixture of extraneous materials. In casting these burrows the plaster ran to the disc closing the cell, adhered to it and to the slightly projecting rim, so vve obtained the perfect cell whenever there was one in place. The early days of April were unpleasant, rain and snow closing out insect work and leveling the surface so that the location of bur- rows was not readily visible. However, on the 7th, two casts made showed one loaded and one empty cartridge. Field work was discontinued until April 2 2d and now for the first time we ran against a burrow that seemed to have been filled up. It was assumed that this was due to accident, and no further examination was made. It became probable, in the light of later developments, that this was really a completed burrow in which the bee had made all the brood cells that were considered desirable and which had then filled up normally to the top. April 23(1, a number of holes were filled with plaster in a locality marked in March, and these required an unexpectedly small amount of plaster. When the casts were dug out they were unusually short, and some of them had a heel of variable length below the lateral, as if the bee had decided to continue its perpendicular. This was what we expected would happen from published accounts, hence it attracted no special attention. Continuing to dig, however, a second, loaded cartridge, was found below, though not in line with the first, and the burrow leading to it had become filled with sand, which, from its color, had evidently been derived from an u|)per level. This led to March, igoi.] SmITH: On SoME DiGGER BeES. 33 further investigations, and from a large number of casts and excava- tions it was found, by April 30th, that the burrows made in March and early April were gradually filling up, and that the heel of the cast be- low a lateral, indicated the existence of a loaded cell or cells at lower levels. A reexamination of the casts showed a heel present as early as April 4th. As it happened, a cast had been made on that day which for some reason was not at once taken up. Dug out on the 24th, a heel was found and below it a loaded cell. April 23d, one cell was found in which the larva had apparently just hatched, but no others of this character were discovered — all were yet in the egg stage. This larva retained the position of the egg for a long time, the mouth parts just touching the surface of the food mass. Many of these cells taken up in the last days of April were undoubtedly placed in the earliest burrows, hence the egg stage is an unusually long one. By May ist Mr. Brakeley felt himself justified in writing as fol- lows : "But several facts I have absolutely settled. She digs a very crooked tube, depending on the soil status ; but generally starts in on a crook. She first burrows to the full depth to which she is going, begins to pouch at the bottom and the first egg is laid at the bottom. Then she goes upward to start the second pouch. * * * Varies from three to five pouches and then starts again in a new place." Except that we never found more than four pouches connected with any one burrow, all these conclusions were verified by later experience. Of the cartridges secured at this time a number were placed in vials in the hope of securing larvae and later stages ; but in no case did I suc- ceed in getting any beyond the larval stage. May 1 3- 1 6th I spent at Lahaway and, although I dug out quite a number of cartridges, all loaded, I found none in which the larvae had hatched. Nor did I find any new diggings at this time ; the Colletes period was evidently over for that year, the females had done their work and the brood for the next year was provided for. Mr. Brakeley's observations as to the rate of digging is that they go down about 5 inches a day. This is easily ascertainable because of the stratification of the sand and clay previously noted. The charac- ter of the fresh soil at the surface from each burrow, tells almost exactly how far down the specimen is, when once one is familiar with the sequence of the layers. June 4th and 5th were again spent at Lahaway, and on this date no 34 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. adult bees were observed. They were not found about flowers, in the woods, on the sand fields or in the burrows. They seemed to have disappeared comjjletely and places where they were abundant in March and April showed, as the only signs of their former presence, nothing but discolored patches showing where a mound had been located; the discoloration being due to the clay that had been brought up from lower levels by the bees. On this point I may say that in my collection I have specimens dated June ist, taken at Lahaway in previous years, and it may be that in some seasons they fly later than others. x\ll these late examples are males. Of the specimens sent me by Mr. Brakeley in 1898, more than half were males and all were taken late in March or early April going into or coming out of a burrow. It seems, therefore, as if the males sought out the females in their own homes and the females may begin to dig even before they have been impregnated. It seems probable too that the males may live for some time, after no more females are to be found. But on this point it needs continuous obser- vation and collection from the first appearance of the species until no more examples are to be seen. Starting from a group of the discolored patches already mentioned, and digging a trench two feet deep as a starting point the old burrow may be traced down by the difference in color of the sand; so that first the laterals and afterward the cartridges could be found. In no case did I find more than three cartridges in connection with a single tube : usually there are only two and not infrequently a single one only was found. As to direction from the vertical burrow, the insect rarely places one cell directly above another. In one cast that I dug out a cartridge was found nearly six inches from the main tube in one direction and a second was found almost as far away from the tube in the other. That is, there was a distance of fully ten inches between the two cells, and, in this case, not much difference in level. From the diggings now made, in one case reaching 28 inches, and from the casts already in hand the habit of the species could be clearly made out. Perhaps it may be as well to say that digging for loaded bee cartridges even where they should be abundant is not so easy a task. As the net result of three hours' digging on one day Mr. Brakeley secured only one filled cell! Of course on other days he did better, but there are a number of probable seekers after this honey store so that, the later in the season it gets, the fewer loaded cells can March, I90I.] SmITH : On SdMF. DiGGEK BeES. 85 be found. In one case a lot of red ants were found robbing the store and where ants are as plentiful as they are at Lahaway, no doubt they are responsible for the disappearance of many bee cells. It seems certain that Collates coinpacta digs down from the first to the extreme depth of the burrow ; it runs off then, to one side, from two to four or rarely six inches, makes and fills a cell and lays an egg in it. Two or three inches higher another lateral is started, running in a different direction, and the sand taken from this lateral is dropped into the main tube whence it washes into the first lateral so that when the second is completed, the first is pretty well filled up. The second lateral is filled with material from the third if a third is run and, finally, the entire tube is filled ; whether gradually by a sifting in of sand from the top, or intentionally by the insect, I cannot say. It is cer- tain, at all events, that the burrows do not remain open and that the young bees that hatch two feet more or less below the surface, must dig up through the soil to that point. Whether they follow the line of the parent burrow in doing this, or whether they work out on lines of their own, is not yet known. One finds in digging about after the new cartridges, old ones that are filled with sand and black with decay. Evidently its old larval home serves the new bee by providing a first space to store the sand removed in getting out. Unless the mother bee lays not over three eggs, she must make two or more diggings. July ist, spent part of the morning in digging for more cartridges and as the net result found four in which were larv?e so far developed that they came near to filling the entire cell. Nearly all the food store had been devoured and growth must have been nearly completed. Expecting to secure other examples these larvae were put into alcohol, but no other specimens were found in spite of all digging. Nor could I secure any others later in the season. The date of pupation is thus left undetermined, and it is also uncertain whether or not the insects reach the adult stage in the fall and winter in the ground, or whether they winter as pupae and change to adults very early in spring. I would be inclined to believe that the change takes place in fall, be- cause so early as these insects appear, the soil does not feel spring warmth sufficient to induce much active cell development, while it is probably enough to induce an already mature individual to start for the surface. To recapitulate : Colletes cotnpacta makes its appearance — both sexes — prior to March 12th and the females begin at once to dig bur- 36 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. rows which extend from 1 8 to 28 inches down. Males may be taken about these burrows, as well as females. Late in March cells are formed and stored with pollen and honey in the form of a pasty mix- ture filling less than half the cell. Eggs may be first noted at the be- ginning of April and none hatch before the end of that month — the majority not until the middle of May or later. At least a month may be counted for this stage. Larvae are nearly full grown July ist and probably ready to pupate by the middle of that month ; which gives a growing period of from six to eight weeks. Beyond this all positive knowledge ends. Adult males have been taken up to June ist ; females have not been observed after the beginning of May. The bee begins making cells from the bottom of the burrow and works up, never mak- ing more than four and rarely more than two cell -bearing laterals from one upright. How many such burrows an individual female may make, is yet indetermined; certainly more than one unless most of the eggs in the ovaries were intended to remain undeveloped. On this point I examined a number of examples that came in early in the season ; I found only a small number of ova indicated ; but there are four ovarian tubes on each side, with at least two developing eggs in each tube. There is a third egg cell in each tube, but at the slow rate in which these individual eggs can be placed it is not likely that more than sixteen, perhaps not more than eight ova ever come to maturity. From the specimens examined it appears as if a single egg only developed at one time ; at any rate it is certain that there always was only one large egg in one of the tubes, while all the rest were very much smaller. It is probable that the scattering of brood cells is a measure of protection as is also the filling up of the burrows. The honey paste must be tempting to many insects, especially ants, and if six or eight or more cells were grouped around each burrow, the dis- covery of one series by an ant hill would mean the rifling of every cell in it and the consequent destruction of the entire progeny of a single bee at one time. So the filling up of the burrow makes the discovery of the cells more difficult, the one first planted being pro- tected by the time the lateral for the second is completed. In the course of the observations on Colletes which began earlier than any other form was seen to be on the wing, a few other species were noted incidentally and a few plaster casts of their borings were made. None were followed out as was the Colietes, but as the results are additions, though small, to positive knowledge, it is deemed not unnecessary to record them here. March, igoi.] SmITH : On SoME DiGGER BeES. 37 Andrena vicina S/nifh. Specimens of this species were collected about flowers early in May and examples came to hand from time to time during that month. May 28th the insects were noticed at work and plaster casts were made on that and next day, May 29th. In the first cast there was only a perpendicular less than a foot in length, without lateral, indicating that the specimen had but recently begun digging operations. In the second there was an empty cell 14 inches below the surface and no filled cartridge could be found lower down. It was evidently the first lateral from the burrow. Another cast was deeper and very crooked, but was no further advanced. Here also there was no appearance of a loaded cartridge below the lateral. May 31st received five specimens of bees, all females, taken two days before. The ovaries were examined in each case and were found to be undeveloped. They were yet covered or encased in one com- mon sheath and none of the tubes showed either developing or miss- ing ova. June 4th a number of burrows made by this species were cast. They proved to be very much like CoUetes in type, but somewhat larger in diameter and decidedly more twisted. They go down a little deeper, also, on the average. A. vicina is really a much larger and more bulky insect than C. compacta, yet the diameter of the bur- row is very little greater. The cell-making habit seems to be like that of coinpacta ; there is the same membraneous pouch, filled with the same honey paste, less than half full, with the same sort of egg. What was not noted was whether there were more cells than one from a single main burrow. This species made its burrows on higher ground, more among trees where the soil is filled with roots. This makes their borings more irregular and adds to the difficulty of digging them out. I have the species from Newark, Jamesburg and somewhere in Burlington County, dated May and June. The Newark locality is in- definite, the specimen was given me and I have no information as to the kind of locality inhabited there. The other specimens were taken by myself in locations generally similar to that at Lahaway. Andrena viola Robt. This is a small species resembling C. conipacta and at first mis- taken for it. It was first seen coming out of a hole May 28th and 38 Journal New York Entomological Society. [voi. ix. captured. Plaster cast made of the burrow showed a perpendicular drop of over 15 inches without indication of any lateral. Another, similar burrow, was cast on the same day and the bee inclosed in the plaster. This was shorter than the other, but had a lateral in which was a filled honey pouch, and a heel which indicated a cartridge be- low. The cartridge was accordingly sought for and found. The con- clusion is a fair one that the bee first caught was not digging its first burrow. If my belief that most of these bees change to adults in fall is correct, there should not be much difference in the date at which they issue and begin to dig. This species was determined for me by Mr. Ashmead and I have specimens from various parts of the State taken May and June, most of them on the latter month pollen-loaded. Unfortunately the day of the month is not indicated, hence cannot say how late in June the species flies. Andrena bicolor Fabr. This is nearer to vicina in size but readily distinguishable by the rusty thoracic vestiture which made it easy to recognize the bee in the cast. The bee was first seen June 7th, entering a hole larger than usual, and 3 5^ ounces of liquid plaster were required to fill it. It was nearly perpendicular for 23 inches, then began to twist irregularly, without ai:>parent need, until it measured 381^ inches in length at 30 inches from the surface. There was a cell of the usual composition at the end, loaded with the honey and pollen paste. The lateral at the bottom was not so evident, the tube twisting so irregularly that it seemed like a mere continuation of the twist. That this is not a rule was shown by a second cast made the same day, of the same species. Here there was an almost straight drop of 32 inches then a marked six- inch lateral to the honey pouch. June 8th, a cast was taken out which dropped down forty inches be- fore forming a short oblique lateral. The loaded cell in this case was fully 41 inches below the surface of the ground and at probably a nearly uniform temperature the year around. June nth, two other burrows of this same species were cast. The first included the bee so that no mistake was possible and the cast measured to the honey pouch 37^ inches. There was no heel and no indication that the gallery or burrow had extended below that point. The second cast was twisted so as to measure 34 inches at 30 March, 1901.] Sriith : On Some Digger Bees. 89 inches below the surface, where a loaded cartridge was found on abed of hard gravel. A heel extended from the end of the cast into this gravel, and below it, almost four feet below the surface, another loaded cartridge was found. To this species then, belongs the dis- tinction of making the deepest digging of any species of the genus, and also the boring of the greatest diameter. It is puzzling why this should be so, but so it is. I have specimens taken at Newark and in Burlington County in May, and a specimen dated Lahaway, June 20th. This is, therefore, one of the later of the species, though A. Jiilaris I have from Laha- way July 17 th. So far I have six species of Andrejia from Lahaway : A. hilaris Sm., April 20-July 17th; A. vicina Sm., May and June; A. bicolor Fabr., June; A. inula Robt., May and June; A. salicis Robt., with- out date; A. viola Robt., April to June. Notes are here given on the digging habits of three of these, and they are found to be essentially alike, though each has some little pe- culiarities of its own that would probably show out more markedly on closer observation and more frequent casting. Halictus, sp. June 4th our attention was attracted by occasional small burrows, not exceeding an eighth of an inch in diameter. The maker was a small bee, determined by Mr. Ashmead as Halictus sp., and only two or three examples were taken. The galleries drop down vertically about 15 inches, then a little lateral runs off about an inch and a half, at right angles. At the end of this is a drop of about half an inch and then a very pretty little cell, carefully smoothed inside and soaked with saliva or some other se- cretion. This turns black, the color penetrating quite deeply and cementing the soil particles as far as it extends. At the bottom of this cell is a very handsome ball of dry pollen, shaped like an apple and quite regular. The desire to complete the history of Augochlora made it impos- sible to devote further time to this species. There are, it will be noted when the history oi Aiigochlo7-a is writ- ten, two types of storing diggers ; one which makes a paste with honey and pollen stored in a thin membrane-like sac ; the other which lines or hardens the inside of the cell and stores the pollen dry in a loaf of definite form. I have little doubt that this difference in habit 40 Journal New York Entomological Society. |Voi. ix. will be found to be accompanied by some structural difference that, when once correlated, will serve to determine what the storing habit of the species is. Though all the species heretofore mentioned were interesting ob- jects of study, all paled before the little blue and green Augochlora humeralis which was followed through all its stages. The life history of that species, with figures illustrating also some of the matters hereinbefore referred to, will form a second part of this essay. NEW SPECIES OF HETEROCERA FROM TROP- ICAL AMERICA.— I. By William Schaus. SYNTOMID^. Pseudosphex noverca. Head grayish. Collar black, fringed posteriorly with gray. Thorax black; a transverse gray line posteriorly. Abdomen black ; a gray streak laterally at base ; ventral valve fringed with white. Wings hyaline, the veins black. Primaries: cos- tal margin broadly, inner margin narrowly on basal half, suffused with dark brown ; fringe dark brown. Secondaries : the basal half of costa narrowly suffused with dark brown. Expanse, 27 mm. Habitat : Castro, Parana. Bombiliodes jamaicensis. Palpi and head black. Collar and thorax black ; collar and patagise with a crim- son streak, mottled with white scales, and inwardly shaded with metallic blue scales. Abdomen crimson ; a dorsal black band ; the segments posteriorly black ; underneath pale brown. Thorax below and legs black, the latter streaked with blue ; tarsi circled with white. Wings transparent. Primaries : the margins black ; the apex broadly black ; a large black spot at end of cell touching costa, and a smaller spot about cen- ter of cell resting on costa, and not reaching the median vein. Secondaries : apex broadly, outer and inner margin narrowly black. Antennae black, tips yellow. Ex- panse, 39 mm. Habitat : Jamaica. Bombiliodes xanthogastroides. Antenna; black, streaked with white at apex. Head black ; vertex dark blue. Collar black with two dark blue spots. 'J'horax black. Abdomen black basally, shaded with blue laterally ; the last four segments orange ; underneath the last three March, igoi.] SCHAUS : HeTEROCERA FROM TROPICAL AMERICA. 41 orange, otherwise black. Thorax below and legs black. Wings tran.sparent, the veins black. Primaries : margins narrowly black ; a black streak at end of cell, a transparent streak at base of costa. Secondaries somewhat opalescent ; the margins narrowly black, more broadly so between anal angle and vein 2. Expanse, 38 mm. Habitat : Castro, Parana. Looks very much like Gyninelia xaiitho- gastra Perty. Mesothen albifrons. Head black ; frons white. Collar and thorax above black; patagia; streaked with yellow ; underneath yellow. Legs yellow ; tarsi and joints black. Abdomen yellow ; last three segments black. Wings hyaline, veins black Primaries : some yellow hairs at base ; margins black, thickened at inner angle ; apex broadly black ; discocellular slightly more heavily marked than veins. .Secondaries : margins nar- rowly black ; some yellow at base. Underneath costal margin and veins streaked with yellow ; fringe terminally yellow at anal angle. Expanse, 25 mm. Habitat : Colombia. Cosmosoma flavita. Head black. Collar yellow. Thorax yellow ; two black spots anteriorly ; pata- gise outwardly streaked with blue black. Legs black ; fore coxae yellow. Abdomen yellow ; last two segments black. Wings hyaline, veins black ; base of vvings black ; margins narrowly black, more widely so at apices, especially on primaries ; base of costa with vitreous streak. Expanse, 38 mm. Habitat : Colombia. Eurota minerva. Head black. Collar black ; two large yellow spots. Thorax black ; a yellow spot anteriorly on patagife. Abdomen black ; lateral crimson spots on first three seg- ments ; a yellow spot on the fourth and fifth. [Primaries black ; a yellow streak at base ; some crimson hairs at base of inner margin ; median semitransparent white spots, two in cell, superposed, one below cell somewhat larger, and a much smaller spot below it; four similar spots beyond the cell between veins 3-7. Secondaries black ; two whitish spots beyond the cell ; the inner margin broadly crimson. Underneath the same. Hind wing with veins 2 and 4 from cell. Expanse, 27 mm. Habitat : Castro, Parana. Macrocneme nordina. Antenncc black, tipped with white. Palpi black outwardly suffused with blue. Legs black ; hind tarsi black ; fore coxte metallic green. Head black ; frons and vertex blue. Collar black, irrorated with blue scales. Thorax black ; two subdorsal metallic spots. Abdomen black ; a broad lateral metallic green band, suffused with blue at base ; underneath some metallic spots. Wings black ; at base of primaries ^ome metallic blue scales on inner margin. Underneath : wings black ; on primaries some blue irrorations on costal margin and below cell ; on secondaries some blue irro- rations on costal margin, at base of cell, and inner margin. Expanse, 35 mm. Habitat : Guadalajara, Mexico. 42 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. Macrocneme sura. Falpi and legs black, suffused with metallic blue scales. Hind tarsi tipped with white. Head black ; frons with two large white spots, and two smaller under an- tennae. Collar black with two small blue and white spots. Thorax black ; patagise with a small blue and white spot anteriorly. Abdomen metallic green above, black underneath ; the ventral valve green and followed by two ventral rows of white spots. Primaries : a basal band, and the outer margin broadly black, otherwise shot with dull metallic blue green. Secondaries black. Underneath wings black, shot with dull green to beyond cell. Expanse, 35 mm. Habitat : Petropolis, Brazil. /Ethria analis. Antennas black, petinated, and thickly tufted above on median third. Head, thorax, and legs black ; some blue shadings on femora;, collar, and patagise. Abdo- men black ; the last three segments orange red. Wings transparent, the veins black. Primaries : the margins black ; the outer margin inwardly dentate ; a broad black discocellular streak, touching costa ; some violaceous hairs at base of inner margin. Secondaries : the outer margin broadly black. E.vpanse, 29 mm. Habitat: Peru. Argyroeides vespina. Palpi yellow. Frons black, edged with yellow. Vertex black with a transverse yellow line, collar black edged with yellow. Thorax black ; yellow lines posteriorly ; the patagiie edged with yellow. Legs pale brown ; fore coxje yellow. Abdomen black, spotted with yellow at base ; four terminal transverse yellow lines. Wings yel- lowish hyaline ; the veins pale brown ; fringe black. Costa of primaries with a darker yellow hyaline streak. Expanse, 24 mm. Habitat : Castro, Parana. Belongs to section with vein 6 below angle of cell on secondaries. Diptilon aterea. Head black ; frons yellow. Collar and thorax black, the former, and patagise finely edged with yellow. Legs black ; tarsi below yellow. Abdomen black ; a yel- low lateral streak on basal half ; underneath yellow on basal half. Primaries yel- lowish hyaline ; the margins black, widest at apex ; median vein yellow, other veins black ; a black discocellular streak ; a hyaline streak on basal half of costa ; base of subcostal vein yellow ; fringe black. Secondaries yellow ; the outer margin black ; fringe yellow. Expanse, 23 mm. Habitat ; Casa Branca. Ceramidia cuprea. Palpi and head black ; frons with metallic green spot ; a white spot at base of antenna;. Collar black, irrorated with dark green. Thorax black ; a bronze green spot anteriorly. Legs black ; tarsi gray ; fore coxae whitish. Abdomen : first seg- March, 1901,] SCHAUS : HeTEROCERA FROM TrOPICAL AMERICA. 43 ment metallic green, otherwise metallic bronze with two dorsal black stripes ; under- neath first segment white, otherwise dull bronze color ; a sublateral white spot on second segment. Primaries dark brown, becoming paler at apex ; some green scales at base of costa. Secondaries brown ; the costa broadly whitish ; two hyaline streaks on inner area. Expanse, ;j^ mm. Habitat: Coatepec, Mexico. Marecidia, gen. nov. Antennae shortly pectinated ; tips serrate. Palpi long, ascending. Hind tibia with a very large gland filled with long hairs above. Primaries long and narrow ; vein 2 far removed from 3 ; 3, 4 and 5 from lower angle of cell ; 6 from upper angle ; 7-10 stalked ; 7 remote from apex. Secondaries narrow ; costal margin slightly convex ; veins 3 and 4 from lower angle of cell ; 5 from just above lower angle ; 6 and 7 on short stalk. viarecidia sanguipuncta. Head black ; frons and vertex irrorated with metallic green. Collar metallic green, edged with black. Thorax black, patagia; streaked with bronze green. Legs black, shot with metallic green and blue ; fore coxEe white ; joint of hind tibia white. Abdomen above metallic green ; a subdorsal black line, and transverse lines on seg- ments anteriorly ; underneath green, with a basal white patch. Primaries black ; the median space below subcostal, and above inner margin shot with brilliant green- blue ; a bright crimson spot at the base. Secondaries black ; a roseate spot in cell ; a whitish streak on inner area. Underneath primaries with the crimson spot smaller, secondaries with a crimson spot in cell. Expanse, 33 mm. Habitat • St. Catharina, Brazil. Eucereon marcata. Palpi black ; the end of second joint white. Head white ; a black spot on ver- tex. Collar white with two black spots. Thorax white ; a black central streak ; the patagise outwardly black. Abdomen roseate ; the basal segment brown ; anus black ; a short brown subdorsal streak ; a lateral row of black spots ; underneath buff", shaded with roseate. Primaries white, the markings black ; inner margin : a basal irregular spot ; at middle two upright streaks connected by a cross line ; a small spot towards inner angle. Costal margin : basal, inner, and outer black patches hardly extending below cell, and formed of contiguous spots ; the outer patch sufiusing with a large irregular spot between veins 2 and 3, which reaches the outer margin above the angle ; three small spots obliquely between veins 4-7 ; before apex two rows of spots, the inner one from vein 5 to costa, the outer row from vein 6 to costa ; a terminal black spot above vein 4, and a smaller one below it ; fringe white spotted with black at ends of veins. Secondaries white, the veins gray ; a .slight grayish shade at apex and anal angle, a terminal gray line ; fringe partly white. Expanse, ^t, mm. Habitat : Paragua)'. Allied to £. qnadricolor Wlk. 44 Journal New York Entomological Society. [vm. ix. Eucereon mathani. I'alpi, head and thorax brown ; two small yellow tufts behind vertex. Body blackish brown above, yellow banded with brown underneath ; the anal hairs yellow. Primaries brownish gray, with dark brown markings ; a basal spot ; an inner curved wavy band; a quadrate spot in the cell, followed by a transverse paler brown spot, and then a large spot partly in the cell and partly beyond, cut by the veins into six parts ; an outer curved row of elongated spots ; a subterminal row of smaller spots ; fringe brown, tipped with gray above vein 3, below it buft'tipped with white. Second- aries somewhat transparent on basal half, brownish gray ; the outer half dark brown narrowing towards anal angle. Underneath brown. Primaries with a whitish discal spot, and a large white spot beyond the cell. Secondaries with the inner area whitish. Expanse, ^^ mm. Habitat : Balzapamba, Ecuador. Eucereon trinita. Palpi, head and thorax gray ; a black spot on vertex ; two on collar, one ante- riorly on patagice, which are also inwardly black. Abdomen roseate tipped with black ; Underneath buff ; a lateral black streak. Legs gray ; midtarsi banded with black ; fore coxae roseate. Primaries gray, markings black ; two basal spots above submedian ; a large spot below submedian ; three antemedial spots followed by a larger spot in cell ; six median spots, the upper three suffusing somewhat ; an outer row, curved around end of cell, consisting of three large spots below costa, three shades close to cell, between veins 2-5, the shade between 2 and 3 followed by another spot ; a large spot above submedian, and below submedian a long spot reaching inner angle ; a terminal row of spots; fringe spotted with black. Secondaries black, grayish at base. Expanse, 25 mm. Habitat : Trinidad. Eucereon lerioides. Head, thorax and wings as in E. leria Druce. The abdomen pale yellow, in stead of roseate, the anal segment black. Expanse, 35 mm. Habitat : Jalapa, Mexico. Ctenucha mortia. Head posteriorly, underneath, and basal half of palpi orange ; head and palpi otherwise black. Thorax black, finely streaked with yellow. Abdomen blue black ; anal hairs orange. Primaries black, the veins grayish ; a large white spot beyond the cell from vein 4-7 ; fringe black, white at apex. Secondaries blue black ; the ringe white. Underneath the veins on secondaries are also grayish. Expanse, 37 mm. Habitat : Castro, Parana. Hyaleucereon lugubris. Head and thorax brown. Abdomen brownish black ; some terminal transverse violaceous shades. Primaries uniform dull brown. Secondaiies brownish black. Ex- panse, 40 mm. Habitat : Colombia. March, 1901.] SCHAUS : HeTEROCERA FROM TROPICAL AMERICA. 45 FSYCHID.^. Oiketicus orizavas. Primaries smoky gray, almost black on inner margin ; a blackish spot occupying outer half of cell, followed by a white oblique mark, less dentate than in O. kirbyi ; the outer margin semi-transparent. Secondaries smoky gray, the inner margin broadly blackish ; the outer margin from vein 2 to apex semi-transparent. Expanse, 39 mm. Habitat : Orizava, Mexico. Chalia vigasi. Wings gray, semi-transparent, thinly scaled with darker hairs. Costal margin of primaries finely black, fringe darker gray. Expanse, 16 mm. Habitat: Las Vigas, Mexico. Chalia tristis. Wings grayish brown, thickly scaled. Primaries 4 and 5 from a point, 7 from near upper angle of cell, 8 and 9 on short stalk from upper angle. lb angled, an- ostomosing with Ic, to outer margin. Secondaries : veins 4 and 5 close together, 8 far diverging from 7. Expanse, 17 mm. Habitat: Jalapa, Mexico. COSSID^.. Duomitus pyracmonides. Head and collar brown. Thorax grayish white. Abdomen brown, whitish subdorsally. Primaries white with transverse dark brown strire ; basal third of costa dark brown ; from below cell from before vein 2 an irregular broad brown shade to outer margin below apex. Secondaries gray on inner margin, otherwise whitish thickly irrorated with grayish strire, especially in median space. Fringe white. Ex- panse, 54 mm. Habitat : Orizaba, Mexico. Can be easily distinguished from pvracmon Cramer by the absence of the terminal dark spots. Duomitus mathani. $ palpi, frons, thorax, and abdomen below brownish black, legs black ; tarsi circled with white. Vertex yellowish. Collar black. Thorax white with a central dark brown line. Abdomen dorsally white, with a subdorsal black streak on last five segments ; laterally blackish. Primaries white, markings dark brown ; a large spot at base of inner margin ; a broad space from near base of costal margin extending to one third from base ; a small dark spot on costal margin at two thirds, preceded by four small spots and followed by three a little larger ; from below cells before vein 2 to outer margin at vein 7, an irregular broad band, nearly straight to along vein 5 then ascending obliquely to vein 7 ; a row of small spots along inner margin and above vein lb ; a few spots beyond cell ; terminal blackish spots at veins partly extending on to white fringe. Secondaries white ; the inner margin broadly shaded with brown ; a median broad brown shade, posteriorly curved between the veins, and terminating to- wards costa in diffuse stride ; terminal dark points as on primaries. 46 Journal New York Entomological Society. [voLix. 9 paler below, the legs tufts with whitish hairs. Vertex yellowish. Thorax pale yellowish, thickly mottled with black scales. Abdomen dorsally yellowish with a subdorsal dark streak. Primaries white, thickly irrorated with brown, and also with black on inner margin ; the base yellowish ; the markings not distinct, more like shad- ings of brown irrorated with white scales ; the longitudinal band most distinct be- tween veins 4 and 7 ; on costa a median black streak preceded and followed by small black spots ; a brown spot below the next to last costal spot ; terminal black spots on outer margin. Secondaries brown, somewhat irrorated with gray on outer margin and towards base below the cell ; terminal dark spots on outer margin ; a large dark spot on costal margin before apex. Expanse $ , 100 mm.; 9> 125 ram. Habitat : Huambo, Peru. Dumitus jamaicensis. Primaries : basal third almost black on costa, shading to gray on inner margin ; this space limited by a dark line not extending below the submedian ; a median whitish space, wider on costa than on submedian, irrorated with darker scales and strife, but not thickly ; below the submedian the inner margin is grayer ; a velvety black discal point ; outer space dull gray ; an outer pale gray row of spots between the veins, and terminal pale gray shadings, especially about and above inner angle ; all the terminal space slightly irrorated with darker striae ; fringe buff, spotted with brown at tips of veins. Secondaries pale grayish brown ; fringe with indistinct darker spots. Female paler, the outer space with the paler space more extended, reducing the darker gray to an irregular band beyond the discal streak ; a subterminal darker gray band, interrupted by the veins. Expanse $ , 48 mm.; 9> 55 ™"''- Habitat : Jamaica. Costria, gen. nov. Differs from (\'ssitla Bailey, in having veins 9 and 10 on primaries from a point, and 6 and 7 on secondaries well apart. Type of genus, C. abnoba^c\\2Ms,. (P. Z. S. Lend., 1892, p. 327.) Costria corita. Body gray ; a median dark brown band on thorax. Primaries light gray ; trans- verse brownish striee ; a median, velvety brown line from cell, obliquely to vein lb, where it is thickest ; before the apex an inwardly curved, semilunar dark brown streak ; a terminal brown, wavy, thick line, interrupted by the veins ; fringe basally brown, outwardly mottled with gray. Secondaries white, some terminal gray shadings inter- rupted between the veins ; fringe basally grayish brown, outwardly white. On secondaries below a brown discal spot. Expanse, 39 mm. Habitat : Colombia. Costria maruga. Head gray, posteriorly dark brown. Thorax olivaceous ; patagia; gray. Abdo- men yellowish white. Primaries pale silvery white tinged with gray ; Median space of costa finely dark gray ; a large round velvety brown spot in the cell ; a smaller one below the median vein, and a still smaller one below vein lb ; these spots ob- liquely approaching the base of inner margin, and preceded by three dark points a little above them ; beyond the spots eight transverse wavy lines ; the first three gray. March, igoi.] SCHAUS: HeTEROCERA FROM TfOPICAL AMERICA. 47 broken ; the first two shaded with brown below the median vein ; the third shaded with brown below vein ic; the fourth not extended below vein 3, geminate towards costa, and yellow posteriorly ; the fifth dark gray from below cosla to vein 2 ; the sixth dark brown from costa to vein 3 ; the seventh dark brown shaded with gray above vein 3, below vein 3 yellow ; the eighth very dark brown partly shaded with yellow ; fringe yellow at base, white outwardly. Secondaries whitish with traces of subterminal grayish lines ; base of fringe pale yellow. Expanse, 33 mm. Habitat : Castro, Parana. Costria striolata. Head and thorax white mottled with a few buff scales. Abdomen buff; white subdorsally at base. Primaries white, shaded with pale brown on the costa, in the cell, and below vein lb ; the fringe on inner margin white ; beyond the cell long fine brownish lines not reaching apex or outer margin ; basal half of costal margin finely dark gray ; an outwardly oblique brownish shade from before the middle of costal margin, terminating in two dark brown spots and below margin vein ic ; a brown spot on outer margin at vein 3 ; some subapical brown shadings ; terminal brown and gray shadings. Secondaries pale reddish brown ; the costa and inner margin whitish. Expanse, 'ip mm. Habitat : Sao Paulo, Brazil. Costria arpL Head and thorax white irrorated with a few black scales. Primaries gray shaded with brown along costa, and on outer third of wing ; some irregular trans- verse black strise, chiefly on outer half of wing ; a thicker transverse black streak in the cell ; a velvety black spot between veins lb and Ic at a third from base; and a smaller spot below it nearer the base ; a subterminal outwardly curved black line from veins 2-8 connected with fringe at vein 4 by a black bar, above which it is out- wardly shaded with dark brown ; the marginal space above vein 4 to costa before apex is otherwise pale brown ; a dark costal spot before apex ; fringe reddish brown. Secondaries dull grayish brown. Expanse, 46 mm. Habitat : Rio Janeiro. In this species veins 6 and 7 on secon- daries are from a point. Costria elegans. Palpi brown. Head whitish ; vertex dark brown. Thorax dark brown ; pata- gise buff. Abdomen light brown. Primaries whitish buft', shaded with light brown ; black and brown striie evenly distributed over the surface ; costa, except at base and outer third, dark brown ; the outer margin occupied by a large dark space, inwardly curved and limited by a dark velvety brown shade ; the space contiguous to this to- ward the base is without strise and appears like a pale line ; the space within the curved brown line and a terminal dark brown line is dark olivaceous above vein 5, and lilacine white below it ; a small dark brown spot on the lilacine portion ; fiinge pale brown. Secondaries and base of fringe pale brown ; the fringe terminally white. Expanse, 25 mm. Habitat : Castro, Parana. 48 Journal New York Entomological Society, [Voi. ix. Costria discopuncta. J5ody yellowish white. Primaiies white ; a large velvety black spot in the cell ; a very small spot on vein ic, and another below vein ib ; the spots oblique, the low- est being nearest the base ; the costal margin narrowly dark gray ; the outer margin and posterior outer half of wing striated with brown and gray ; fringe light brown. Secondaries white ; a fine terminal shade, and base of fringe yellowish ; a small brownish shade near anal angle. Expanse, 33 mm. Habitat : Sao Paulo, Brazil. Prceclara ( Cossula) Schs. also be- longs to this genus. (P. Z. S. Lond., 1892, p. 328). Arbela norax, Druce, differs from Cossula and Costria in having veins 7 and 8 on primaries stalked. The other species described by Druce under Arbcia, I have not been able to examine. Qivira Walk. Antennae pectinated. Palpi extending beyond frons. Primaries : veins lb and ic connected by a bar ; 2 and 3 far apart ; 5 near 4 ; 6 from upper angle of cell, 7 and 8 stalked from areole ; 9 from areole, lo and II from cell. Secondaries 6 and 7 from cell. Type Givira iristis Walk. Group I. Vein 8 connected with 7 by a bar : iristis Walk. inacrochir Schs. ( Dolecta ) . subvetiusta Sch. {Dolecta'). polybioides Schs. , sp. nov. platea Schs., sp. nov. watsoni Schs. , sp. nov. Group II. \'ein 8 free : polybia vSchs. [Langidorfia). Group III. Veins 7 and 8 on primaries from areole. Secondaries : 8 connected to 7 by a bar : Dukin/ietdia Schs. {Laiigsdo?-fia). Qivira polybioides. Ilody dark brownish gray. Primaries white ; the costa, inner margin, cell, and median space below cell, brownish ; costa spotted with black ; some thick, black striiT? on inner margin, and in cell ; dark basal, and inner black line crossing the in- ner white space below cell ; an outer broken, brown line ; a subterminal black line preceded by a brown spot between veins 5-8, and broken at veins 3 and 5, also con nected to fringe at tips of veins by dark lines ; a fine terminal brownish line, and in tervenal terminal light brown spots. Secondaries white with irregular margina brown marks. Fringe on both wings whitish, spotted with dark brown. Expanse 34 mm. Habitat : Castro, Parana. Veins 6 and 7 on secondaries apart. This species is allied to G. polybia Schs. {Langsdar/ia^, which has dark secondaries and veins 6 and 7 from a point. /our/?. N. P. EnL Soc. Vol. IX. PI. I. The Genus Sinea. Joiirn. N. V. Ent. Soc. Vol. JX. PL II. The Genus Sinea. JOURNAL TOfId ]9ork 6lntoraoIogiraI %nM^. ^Tol. IX. JUNE, 1901. No. 2. NEW PYRALIDiE AND TORTRICID^ FROM PALM BEACH, FLORIDA. By C. H. Fernald. Marasmia floridalis, sp. nov. Head, thorax, fore and hind wings white with brown markings as follows : the outside of the palpi, a spot on each side of the collar above, a similar but more in- distinct pair on the middle of the thorax, the tips of the tegula;, a stripe from the eye back to the wing and continued along the costa, the outer margin of all the wings narrower behind, a large costal spot concave on each side, sending one line obliquely down and in to join two parallel cross lines with pale yellow between them, and a second line down and out to similar parallel but curved lines across the outer part of the wing, a line between this and the brown outer margin with an inward bend in the middle and connected by lines to the outer margin and the line within, a few irregular lines near the base of the wing, a median band on the hind wing not reaching the costa, two cross lines between this band and the outer margin each with an inward angle in the middle connected together below where a line extends to the median band, and a series of venular dashes in the subterminal space. Expanse of wings, 12-14 ™™- Described from three examples from Florida, two in the National Museum one of which is from Palm Beach and one from Key West, and one in my own collection. One was bred from Vincetoxicuvi paliistrc by Dr. H. G. Dyar. Type no. 541 1 U. S. National Museum. Evergestis dyaralis, sp. nov. Head, thorax, abdomen and fore wings smoky yellow or yellowish fuscous with a silky luster, the latter with greenish reflections. First and second segments of the labial palpi tipped with white. Upper side of antenna;, a line on each side of the face as far as the base of the antennae, a line across the collar on each side, one on the inner edge of the tegulee, one on the edge of the costa from the base to the end of the cell, one or two oblique streaks on the outer part of the costa, an oblique streak 50 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. at the apex with a black dot below it, and a series of terminal dashes forming a broken line, white. . The ordinary lines darker but inconspicuous. The inner one forming a very obtuse outward angle at the origin of vein 2, and an equally obtuse inward angle on vein i. The outer line is somewhat arcuate but bends inward some- what on vein 2. The discal spot is a nearly straight oblique streak at the end of the cell. Hind wings with a silky luster, light at the base, dark fuscous outwardly. All the wings are lighter beneath than above. Expanse of wings, 21-23 "i"""- Described from one specimen in the National Museum, bred from Drypetis crocca at Palm Beach, Florida, and two in my own collection given me by Dr. Dyar, from the same locality as the first. I have named this beautiful species in honor of Dr. H. G. Dyar whose interesting and valuable investigations on Lepidopterous larvK have attracted such general attention. Type no. 5410, U. S. National Museum. Pyrausta costimaculalis, sp. nov. Head, thorax, fore wings and upper side of abdomen, dark purplish red with a costal spot extending down to the end of the cell and in along the costa to the basal fourth, light orange yellow. Two indistinct dark lines extend nearly parallel, one from the middle of the hind margin, the other from the basal fourth up to the median vein. Hind wings fuscous. All the fringes pale yellow. Under side of the fore wings fuscous, somewhat purplish along the costa and with the costal spot much lighter beneath than above. Legs and underside of the body cream white, the outer end of the fore tibiae dark purplish. Expanse of wings, 12-13 mm. Described from one female specimen in the National Museum in Washington and one in my collection, bred from Psychotria uinhxta by Dr. H. G. Dyar. Type no. 5412 U. S. National Museum. Eucosma lineana, sp. nov. Head and front of thorax dark gray, the remaining part of thorax and the hind part of the fore wings as far as the oblique band, dark fuscous. Fore wings sordid white with numerous dark longitudinal lines ; costa with a series of about ten short, oblique dark brown streaks alternating with much finer ones, an oblique wood brown band marked more or less with dark brown and broken above and below the cell arises from the middle of the costa and extends to the anal angle, the costal part of this band sends out a sharp angle from its lower part, the middle part sends out an extension from below forming a v-shaped mark, the third part forms a semicircle on the upper side; a wood brown patch on the outer part of the wing with a line ex- tending from it to near the anal angle. Fringes whitish, cut in the middle by dark brown. Hind wings fuscous with paler fringes. Expanse of wings, 16 mm. Described from one female specimen in the National Museum, from Palm Beach, Florida, bred on Anoiia laiirifolia by Dr. H. G. Dyar. Type no. 5414 U. S. National Museum. June, igoi.] FeRNALD : New PYRALIDiE AND ToRTRICID/E. 51 Epiblema perplexana, sp. nov. Head and palpi clay yellow ; thorax a little darker. Fore wings dark fuscous in males, much lighter in females, with a series of about five geminate, sordid white, oblique costal streaks beyond the end of the costal fold ; a small dark brown spot rests on the apex ; a dark brown irregularly curved streak beyond the end of the cell curves down around the outer part of the ocelloid patch which contains a few hori- zontal dark streaks ; a median dorsal sordid yellowish white spot rests on the hind border, extends up and out terminating a little above the fold ; several irregular dark streaks rest upon this spot. The remaining part of the wing is crossed by very fine streaklets. Hind wings fuscous. Expanse of wings, 13-15 mm. Described from seven examples taken at Palm Beach, Florida, by Dr. H. G. Dyar. Type no. 5432 U. S. National Museum. Epiblema ochraceana, sp. nov. Head, thorax and fore wings pale ochreous with darker oblique streaks along the costa and darker dots scattered over the surface of the wing except in the large anal patch in which there are only two such dots. Fringes concolorous with grayish scales along the base. Hind wings yellowish fuscous. Expanse of wings, 12 mm. Described from one male specimen in rather poor condition in the National Museum collection from Palm Beach, Florida. Type no. 5415 U. S. National Museum. Lipoptycha maculana, sp. nov. Head, thorax and fore wings dark fuscous, the latter with a large white spot a little beyond the middle of the hind margin and extending a little above the fold_ This spot has numerous fine irregular dark streaks in it. The costa is cut by oblique black streaks followed beyond the middle by white and there are numerous oblique and horizontal yellowish streaks over the surface of the wing except at the base ; ter- minal line around the apex black, which is represented by two or three black dots be- low the middle, when viewed in certain lights there are oblique bluish streaks visible, two arising near the middle of the wing and extending down to the end of the cell and one or two beyond. Hind wings fuscous, not so dark as the fore wings. Ex- panse of wings, 1}^ mm. Described from one male specimen frotii Florida in the National Museum and one in my collection bred from ScJKXpfia arl>orescc/is col- lected by Dr. H. Ci. Dyar. Type no. 5413 U. S. National Museum. Tortrix ivana, sp. nov. Head and thorax dull ochre yellow, the latter with a dark line across the middle terminating at the tegulce. Fore wings pale ochre yellow with a shining luster ; a dark brown spot on the extreme base of the costa a little beyond which an oblique dark band extends about half way across the wing where it ends in several scattered black dots ; an oblique dark band arising near the middle of the costa extends nearly to the fold beyond which it is faintly indicated by yellowish streaks, the middle of 52 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. this band across the cell is nearly of the ground color of the wing ; a subapical dark patch rests on the costa in four equidistant dark brown dots ; a dark spot be- tween the end of the cell and the outer border very dark at the beginning extends obliquely down to the outer border a little above the anal angle. Ground color of fore wing with numerous cross streaks of a brighter yellowish color. Fringes concol- orous with the ground color of the wing. Hind wings light gray with darker reticu- larions. Underside of all the wings lighter than above and faintly reproducing the markings of the upper side. Expanse of wings, 12 mm. Described from one male specimen in the National Museum, from Florida, bred from Iva imhricata. Type no. 5416 U. S. National Museum. NOTES ON SOME DIGGER BEES.— II. By John B. Smith, Sc.D. (Plates III-V.) Augochlora humeralis Patton. The first introduction to this species came April 4, 1898, when digging out plaster casts of spider burrows. At that time Mr. Brake - ley ran across occasional vertical burrows, filled at the top an inch or so, but open below that and extending down fully three feet. Beyond that they were lost and were looked upon as unusually deep old Col- k'tes diggings. April 17th, an area 18 x 16 x 23 inches was cleared of pine needles, lichens, moss and other surface debris, and about an inch and a half of sand was skived off cleanly, with a large sharp trowel. In this area 13 round holes about one-fourth of an inch in diameter were now exposed. From one of them a bee came up and was captured. It proved to be Augochlora hiwieralis, Mr. Fox and Mr. Ashmead separately determin- ing the species for me. Plaster was now poured into several of these holes and to Mr. Brakeley's astonishment the first opening required four fluid ounces to fill. The others required yet more, until in one case nine ounces were needed to bring the mixture to the surface. April 1 8th, digging began by making a trench before the area of casts, and working down an old burrow, the trench was deepened from time to time until it was fully four feet down. In the first cast a bee was imbedded 23 inches from the top, there was a totally different June, igoi.i Smith : On Some Digger Bees. 53 arrangement of laterals from what had been noted in Colletes, and be- low the end of the cast, 41 inches from the surface, the hole yet went down : in other words the plaster had set before it reached the bottom. Other casts ran down 47^ and 5o}4 inches, respectively, and at the bottom of the holes bees were fomid. April 19th it rained, but on the 20th digging was renewed and one burrow was followed down 58 inches. Two bees were found in the bottom of one of these holes. Additional casts were made and were dug out from time to time, until well along in May, and at this time no two casts were alike. There was always the deep vertical extend- ing down from forty-five to sixty inches. Beginning about six or eight inches from the top, lateral burrows might be expected, running at right angles an inch or two and then broadening out into a circular chamber about three-sixteenth inch in height, variable in diameter. From this chamber a variable number of verticals extended down a variable distance — sometimes only half an inch, more generally an inch, and almost always one or two were much deeper. Occasionally one of these verticals was extended down several inches, and it might even run off diagonally ; though this was rare. So we found a few cases where the circular chamber was omitted and there was an irregu- lar branching off from the lateral. There seemed neither rhyme nor reason in the differences and we were totally unable to find any traces of bees having developed anywhere in the burrows or the cells con- nected with them. So the number of laterals and cell clusters varied. Usually there were two ; not infrequently there were three and rarely there was a fourth. Below 18 inches we never expected to find cell clusters ; but sometimes there were irregular chambers forming little fingers in the casts, which might be found at almost any depth. The longest burrow measured extended 64 inches down ; through a layer of sand, through a soft yellow clay into a stratum of hard red clay in- termixed with iron, through this clay and through an eight-inch layer of sea sand it went through clay and hard gravel to water-bearing sand beneath. In one case eight bees were found piled one above the other nearly five feet under ground. When brought to the surface they were torpid and did not resent handling ; but they became active very (juickly in the bright sunlight and started flight when allowed to do so. Of one thing we were of course certain: all these burrows had been made in 1S97 ; but why were so many bees in one home, and why was there no trace of breeding? All the specimens were females. 64 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. and it did not seem reasonable to consider them as the brood that had been born in the system where they were found. There were too many complicated burrows with only a single bee, to make this probable. May 13th I reached Lahaway to find a " bee mine " well estab- lished. It was six feet deep, with three perpendicular faces, the fourth side sloped for convenience in getting out. The process was, first clear a space in front of one of the perpendicular faces, usually about 18 inches square, by cutting off with a large trowel two inches of top surface. So full of holes was the ground here that anywhere from six to a dozen openings would be exposed in this area and of these three or four would be plaster filled. Usually 24 hours were allowed for the plaster to set ; but sometimes casts made in the morn- ing were taken out that same afternoon. Though every hole was not plastered, yet every one on the way to the casts was investigated. With a broad trowel the sandy face of the pit was sliced back until a perpendicular was reached : then a small, sharp trowel came into service to follow it carefully down, so as to expose all laterals and cell clusters. These in turn were investigated by a thin palette knife, so that we had clearly before us the whole digging record. Perpendic- ulars were rarely followed below two feet, because experience had taught us that no laterals or cell clusters were to be expected below that point. Unless we wanted bees, the end of the burrow was neg- lected. A notable fact in comparison with the diggings of Col let cs coiv- pacta was that those of the Aui^vchhra were perfectly clean and ojjen to the bottom, though covered with sand above. Not a trace of top sand was ever found at the bottom of the tube, where care had been taken to prevent its entrace from our own operations. When a cast was approached within three inches, the small trowel was carefully used to reach the perpendicular, for we could never tell to which side a cell cluster would be found. From the top down the knife was used to bare the white cast, small slices only being made downward until the direction of the first lateral was discovered. If it ran to either side, matters were easy, for the cluster could be left untouched and the perpendicular followed down until the next cluster was located. When none was discovered at twelve inches from the top we felt very certain that it went off backward, which was also a sat- isfactory condition. Where a large cluster projected straight out for- ward matters were more troublesome for a support must be left for June, 1901.] Smith : On Some Digger Bees. 55 this cluster from the side or below, otherwise it would break by its own weight and fall into the pit. This actually happened more than once. Of course as the pit filled from the sand scraped off its side, it was shovelled out from time to time to afford working room. Fin- ally, when the plaster-filled tube was laid bare for its full length, ar- rangements could be made to take it out ; which was a decidedly tick- lish task. As the sand was moist, the cast naturally could not dry out completely nor the plaster set hard. It had a chalky appearance and feeling, and snapped in the most unexpected places in the most disconcerting manner. I have bared a perfect cast, lifted it out care- fully and held it safe upright ; but attempting to incline it so as to rest against a sunny slope, the whole thing collapsed, breaking into many pieces — to the great damage of my soul's weal, unless the re- cording angel kindly closed his or her ears temporarily. After a number of similar mishaps we decided to take the matter into our own hands, make no attempt to get perfect casts, but break them where we judged most desirable. Usually, therefore, the perpendicular was broken about six inches below the lower cluster and this left us any- where from 20 to 30 inches of one-fourth inch pipe stem which could be laid down on the warm sand to dry out. The second break was usually made below the first cell cluster and after that it depended on circumstances. A reference to Plate IV, Figs. 16 and 17, will show the general appearance of the casts secured at this time and also the difficulty of securing a structure like this in one piece. Of course all the parts of one cast were carefully kept together and usually notes were made at the time, detailing the number of clusters, etc. All the work done by Mr. Brakeley was elaborately noted. Every cast had a stick bearing a number and the quantity in ounces of plaster that had been poured in. This was useful as indicating a simple or a complicated system and was to some extent a guide in the digging operations. After an hour in the hot sun or dry sand, the casts were much more safely handled and much lighter. They were then laid carefully into a box especially made for that purpose and carried to the house. Incidentally, it may be noted that the bee mines were from one- fourth to one-half miles away from the house and that everything, including the water, had to be carried out and back again. What with graduates, plaster, jars and other paraphernalia for digging, this made quite a load. 56 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. Arrived at the house the casts were laid out on boards, each series by itself, with its stick and head mark, and in the evening they were dry enough and hard enough to clean. Of course the round, simple perpendiculars could be easily cleared of the adherent sand by a stiff brush ; but the cell clusters were usually a mass of sand and clay, and it was utterly impossible to tell what would come forth out of the lump. Dissecting needles and small brushes came into play here, and it was sometimes close to midnight before a day's field work would be finally laid out so as to show a proper record. When working alone, Mr. Brakeley made full notes of all that was done and seen and these notes, which gave as clear a picture as personal observation could have done, were sent me with the casts. The first blue bee was noticed by Mr. Brakeley, May ist, on flowers and thereafter an occasional specimen was seen. After a day or two of pleasant weather, May 14th proved one of those hot, sunny spring days that seem to have an electric power to start into activity all liv- ing creatures. This day terminated the hibernating period of Augo- chlora and sent them out among the flowers with a rush. The air was full of life, and bees were hovering over the sand in every direction. Now it might be supposed that, having spent several months un- derground, the insects would enjoy themselves a trifle in the sunshine, and would assume family cares only after due deliberation, first clear- ing up and restoring their winter quarters into summer freshness ; but being ladies, they did nothing of the kind. Hardly taking time for a full meal, each individual began at once to dig a new burrow, dis- appearing beneath the surface in a moment and indicating progress by the gradual forcing up of a little heap of sand. It is a fact that not one of the bees returned to the hibernating burrow and, despite the fact that the ground was fairly riddled with available perpendiculars from which new laterals could be driven, not one was so used. For every bee there was a new burrow. Their method was to fly restlessly here and there over the sand, hover for a few moments at one point, then at another and, finally as by a sudden resolve, drop to the sur- face and disappear. It was all done in a moment and a brilliant metallic greenish or bluish bee, seemed changed into a little heaving mound of sand. Then even this motion stopped for a few moments until a sudden heave forced out a little lump of sand, and the new burrow was fairly begun. At this time the digging is done chiefly with the fore-letrs which loosen the sand and force it back a little. June, igoi.] SmITH : On SoME DiGGER BeES. 57 Then the bee pushes forward, turns a complete sumersault at the extreme end of the burrow and with its head forces the sand to the surface. The front leg of Atii:;oc]ilora humeralis is shown at Plate III, Fig. I, and, as compared with the middle and hind legs (Figs. 3 and 5), differs by the lack of hair or other apparent vestiture. There is no distinctive digging structure ; but the sand in which they work is generally soft and when obstacles are encountered the mandibles (Fig. 10) are brought in to assist. Femur and tibia are of almost equal size and very powerful. Before the end of the tibia is an articulated spur or process, toothed and forming a cover to a notch in the first tarsal joint. This is, of course, the antenna cleaner, and it is shown, more enlarged, at Fig. 2. The claws at the end of the fore tarsus are different from those on the other feet in that they are longer, more flattened, and inclosed for more than half their length in a membrane- ous sheath, leaving only the teeth projecting. Whether the claws can be completely withdrawn within this sheath, I do not know. May 15th was an unpleasant, rainy day on which no bees were fly- ing ; but the i6th was again pleasant and on this day the first cast was made by Mr. Brakeley of one of the new burrows on a field where the bees were seen earliest. It was observed, first of all, before the casts were made, that the mounds were never open on the surface as in Colletes. That active work was going on could be seen by the increase in the size of the mound and the difference in the color of the sand and clay brought up ; but all the work seemed to be done at night. During the day everything remained undisturbed ; but next morning every mound showed fresh, moist, colored sand or clay, showing just where the insect had reached in its digging. As a matter of fact the mounds never increased very much in size. The hot sun of midday day dried them to a powder and any little breeze over the surface carried off a portion to be spread evenly over the surrounding surface ; a rain levelled the whole to the surface. The first cast was only 12 inches deep, but developed a new feature : the insects do not start at the top and go straight down ! To make the cast the sand was cleared out of the center of the mound until a clean opening was obtained. The resulting cast was like Fig. 18 above the first cell cluster. It proved from this and other casts and diggings, that at first the bee digs diagonally a distance of three or four inches, to get about an inch and a half below the surface ; then 58 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. she digs down vertically and runs the vertical up to the surface. But the opening to this vertical she keeps carefully closed so that not a sign of it appears to casual view. Furthermore, in almost every case the per- pendicular comes up under some bit of natural protection — lichen, moss, grass tuft or anything else in fact. The object of the hovering search by the bees is now apparent ; they are seeking some place that affords a natural protection to the real entrance to the nest and the surface mound does not indicate this entrance within four inches in any direction. Plate IV, Fig. 19, shows a diagrammatic section of the entrance to the burrow. It is obvious that the perpendicular might be fully eight inches from its present location by removal to the exactly opposite side of the mound ; therefore the surface mound does not indicate within 6 or 8 inches the real entrance to the burrow. At first the casts were made through the oblique entrance ; but when it was found that the habit was uniform and that obstructions in the oblique arm often interfered with casting, it was decided to hunt up the perpendicular and cast into that. This was not so difficult after a time, for as soon as a little careful dissecting with the palette knife showed the direction of the perpendicular, one could be sure of find- ing it under the nearest natural shelter. There was always a plug closing this opening except when the bee was out seeking stock for its cells. Therefore it became easy in time to ascertain whether the owner was or was not at home. If we found everything tightly closed, we could take it for granted that the bee was at home ; but was not at all disposed so receive company. Frequently we dropped a little pebble or a pinch of surface sand into the opening and awaited events. In a very few moments the owner appeared at the surface, rarely bringing out more than half her body, looked wildly around in every direction, tried the edges of the burrow with her antenni^ and then disappeared from view — only for a few seconds however. In an incredibly short time she re-appeared bearing a load of clay which she slapped into place at one edge and dived down for more. In two or three loads she had enough to completely shut the door. At first the dis- colored fresh clay was rather prominent : but in a short time the sun or drying wind had lessened the contrast so that it did not attract attention. Sometimes we found the door open, but not widely. That is, though the gallery was fully one-fourth inch in diameter, the opening through which the bee came out was not much if any more than half that, just large enough for the insect to get in and out. June, igoi.] Smith : On Some Digger Bees . 5!) The method of digging is interesting and was studied on a number of examples confined in glass tubes. The fore legs were used to scrape up material which was made into a lump clasped between the aI)domen, breast and middle and hind femora. Then the insect crawled up actively but awkwardly, moving middle and hind legs as little as pos- sible and confining the motion to the tibiae and tarsi. Arrived at the surface or dumping ground the load was deposited in place by turning a complete sumersault and then diving down into the burrow head first. \\'hen it was a matter of closing the opening, the upper surface of the abdomen was used to press each load into place, but everything was done so rapidly that it all seemed part of one motion. The bee is intensely and nervously active at all times when ob- served. It is never quiet a moment, but bustles about as if every second counted for much. Antennce, legs and palpi are always in motion, whether in the burrow or on a flower, gathering pollen. It gives the impression of nervous haste, yet the haste seems well directed and effective, no false moves or motions being apparent. The antennae of the female are rather short and a little stouter than those of the male, being represented at Fig. 9 of Plate III. The scape is about one-half as long as the funicle, or one-third of the entire antenna. Joint 2 is longer and more slender than the two next following, and these — 2, 3 and 4 — are smooth, sparsely punctured and only thinly pubescent. Joints 5-12 are stouter and gradually increase in length, 12 being almost as long as 10 and 11 combined, and longer than any other two joints in the antenna. These joints — 5 to 12 — are densely punctured and pubescent, the surface sensitive and opaque, especially toward tip. It has been stated that, after making sure that the oblique entrance was an invariable habit, casts were made directly into the perpendicu- lar because the former was often obstructed. We found this especially in the afternoon and finally concluded that the insect used this gallery as a storehouse for sand rained during the day. It had been noted be- fore this that the sand-heaps were all fresh each morning, new material still damp being found on every active hill. No such fresh material was seen at any time during the day, nor were the bees ever seen forc- ing out sand — everything of that kind was done at night. We con- cluded, therefore, that what the bee brought up during the day, was stored until night and then forced out through the felse mouth. At times digging will cease altogether. For instance, on one occasion a 60 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi ix. heavy rain beat all the mounds over a noted area, perfectl}^ flat. For five days thereafter there was no external sign of work done, but after that everything went on in the usual way. The ordinary rate of prog- ress is about five inches each day. For several days after May i6th bees began digging in increasing numbers, and May 24th, Mr. Brakeley wrote "As for old Cock-Robin Park mine it is a sight — a horrible upheaving of the underneath — and for 20 or 30 feet all around the hole the ground looks as if it had a bad case of hives." When the perpendicular is from 20 to 24 inches down, laterals are made and cell clusters are begun. May 2 2d, two casts were made. No. I showed a depth of 211.4 inches and one cell cluster. The second was down 24 inches and had two cell clusters. This cast is fairly represented by Fig. 18 on Plate IV and it also illustrates the average system of a breeding burrow. There are rarely more than two cell clusters ; but the number of cells in the clusters varies. A section of a cell cluster containing only a single brood cell is shown at Fig. 22 (Plate IV), and many of the earliest clustery were of this type. After driving a round lateral back about an inch and a half, the insect expands it into a circular chamber, varying in diameter and in the center of this she digs a single cell somewhat barrel shaped and about three-fourth inch in depth. This cell is clay- lined on the inside and carefully smoothed down. Usually there is clay in the tube which she is digging ; but if not, the bee digs out a little pocket as shown near the bottom of Fig. 18 (Plate IV), and thus obtains the material for finishing up her cradle. After this cen- tral cell is completed she digs a series of four or five around it, and of the same depth. These are not at first clay-lined but are left while the insect secures pollen to store the central cell. The pollen is formed into a round loaf, plano-convex in section, dry and firmly compacted. Upon this an egg is laid as shown in the figure. The cell is closed with a capping of clay, and the mother's work on this is done. Now the insect may either make brood cells of two or of all of the surrounding cavities or she may leave them open and unfilled. If she does the latter she deepens and curves them under the central cell until they nearly meet. In this way there is an almost continuous space all around the brood cell, only enough material being left to support the structure. If, on the other hand, she decides to turn others of these into brood cells, she enlarges the chamber accordingly June, 1901.] . Smith : On Some Digger Befs. 61 and digs other cells until the two or the five as the case may be are completely surrounded by empty cells. At Fig. 21 (Plate IV), we have a 5 -cell cluster drawn from photograph which shows how such a series is arranged. The five brood cells were capped and of course the plaster could not get into them ; but it did get into the sur- rounding air spaces, and w^hen the cast was dug out the plaster prac- tically inclosed the brood cells and their contents. The photograph shows that the plaster broke down and distorted the narrow partitions between the cells, two being run into one near the lateral running to the main burrow. These marginal cells had been continued beneath the brood cells, and the plaster has been trimmed away with a pen knife to expose the cells. It will be readily seen that in this way the casts preserved safely all the contents of the capped cells and we could examine the clusters at our leisure and trim out the insides whenever we wished; usually this was part of the evening's work. The first pollen-loaded bee was seen May 24, by Mr. Brakeley. Bees were yet coming out of winter quarters and beginning new bur- rows on May 26th, though on the 28th some of the casts showed three cell clusters. This shows the enormous activity of the insects, the older series of which was now down from 28 to 33 inches only ten days after the real beginning of the season. Specimens of bees taken from the new burrows May 25th, 26th and 27th reached me May 31st, and all of these were dissected. All were females and in all the ovaries showed developing ova. Usually there was a tolerably equal increase of size on both sides ; but in some cases the ovary on one side was much larger than that on the other, due al- ways to the fact that one egg was reaching maturity. The greatest development was four on one side, a single one on the other, all of about equal size. In this species there are 4 ovarian tubes, and in each tube 2 cells or eggs that seem likely to develop. It seems thus as if the insect might lay 16 eggs; but I doubt if any of them ever do place so many. The greatest number of brood cells that we ever found connected Avith any one cast, apparently placed by a single indi- vidual, was 15 and I much doubt whether any bee ever fills more than that. Six or seven filled cells to a single burrow is about an average, quite a number containing only two. This was not due to interfer- ference or incomplete work : such cases occurred constantly, of course ; but we never counted them in our estimate. A cluster was complete when the cells surrounding the brood cell or cells were continued be- 62 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. ix. low the latter as shown in Fig. 22, Plate l\. In such cases these surrounding spaces could never be made over into brood cells and of course the work was ended. So far as my dis.seclion of the bees could tell us there had been no egg-laying up to May 28th. Incidentally this examination developed uniformly, an empty alimentary tract. Apparently these insects do not feed at all after they have once begun digging and until they be- gin to store the cells. The mouth parts themselves are small, except for the mandibles which are shown at Fig. 10, Plate IV. The max- illa is reduced to a single-jointed, scoop-shaped galea, below which is attached a well-developed, 6-jointed palpus. The tip of this maxillary structure and the appearance of the palpus, is shown at Fig. 13, Plate III. The labium is slender and has at the tip a small pointed ligula or tongue set with rather long, fine hair along transverse ridg- ings or markings. The paraglossia are small, membraneous lateral processes which do not reach the middle of the ligula and seem to be scarcely functional. The labial palpi are also small, four-jointed, the segments decreasing in size toward the tip and not set with sensory structures save a few, irregularly placed, pitted hairs. This structure is shown at Fig. 12, Plate III. June 2d, clay-lined cells were found for the first time and now in some cases the reduced number of cell casts pointed to capped cells. But none of these were observed and it is perhaps a question whether some other causes did not interfere with the perfection of the casts. June 4th and 5th I spent at Lahaway in the bee mines, for there were now two of them operated by Mr. Brakeley. No loaded cells were found, though quite a number were now clay-lined, apparently ready for stocking. Very few bees were observed on the wing and none of these were pollen-laden. Search among the flowers in the vicinity failed to show even a single Augoclilora hiivieralis. Thousands of the insects about, yet not one feeding and not one to be obtained by ordinary collecting. June 7th, pollen-carrying was in full swing and the bees were as active as they had been at digging shortly before. June loth they were still hard at work, and now the direct opening to the perpen- dicular was in constant use, as often open as closed. Yet invariably, as soon as a pollen-laden bee entered her burrow, she reappeared in a few moments with a load of clay and closed the door. No attempt to close was made by the bee on leaving home though, theoretically. June, 1901.] Smith : On Some Digger Bees. 63 the danger should be much greater during the mother's absence than when she is present. Practically there is nothing to ])revent a para- site or predaceous species from walking right into the burrow and cleaning out the whole nest contents. No casts were made between June 5th and nth, and there came thus an unfortunate blank. June nth, cast i, poured into an open perpendicular ran down 27^4 inches and had 2 cell clusters, one of six and one of five brood cells. In one of these was a pollen cake. Cast 2 had only one cell cluster. In this was one empty, clay-lined cell, and one containing a pollen cake with an egg on it. This was the first completed brood cell met with. Cast 3 had a perpendicular running down 3034 inches. There was one cluster of three brood cells : the first was clay-lined, empty ; the second had a fully completed pollen cake ; the third had also an egg and was capped. Cast 4 ran down 28 inches and had one claw cluster with three brood cells. One of these was empty, the other two were completed and with caps. Cast 5 had two cell clusters, upper with three, lower with two brood cells and all completed with pollen, egg and cover. June 13th, cut back along the face of one of the walls of the bee mine until a new burrow was reached and this was followed dowai care- fully to observe the normal condition of affairs. There were two cell clusters, one at y^.^? one at Sy^ inches. The first contained one completed cell with pollen and egg. The second had three brood cells, one empty, one fully loaded and sealed, the third with a recently hatched larva. The empty cell had been recently clay-lined and in- dicated that the bee moistened the material with saliva or some other secretion. At all events the moisture penetrated to a little distance into the sand and seemed to harden it. Probably, when working in clay or a soil containing clay, this hardening mixture is all that is needed. In fact in some cases observed I feel certain that just this was done and no more. June 15th, a number of hatched larvae were found and then comes a break, due to the death of Mr. Brakeley's father, until June 30th, when I took up the observations myself. This makes a break during the period of development of the larva and, as pupte were found on the 30th, there is no certainty as to the shortest period between the beginning of the larval and the pupal stage. It is certainly not over 15 days. 64 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. The pollen used to store the cells is gathered upon the middle and hind legs and upon the entire breast and base of abdomen of the in- sect. The middle leg is seen at Fig. 3, Plate III, and is only a little larger than the anterior ; the coxa however is much more developed and the entire member is covered with hair, forming a fringe at the sides, with points inward. The femur is grooved inferiorly for the reception of the tibia. The tibia is quite a little dilated below the middle, and at the tip is a single spur with toothed edges, shown at Fig. 4 on Plate III. The claws are large and strongly toothed. The posterior leg, shown at Fig. 5, Plate III, is much longer and stronger than either of the others and also hairy throughout. In a general way the tendency is to a fringing of long, stout compound hairs directed inward to form a support to the pollen mass when gathered. There is no specialized basket as in the case of the honey bee, and this species makes no attempt to gather the collected pollen into one mass : when it flies into its burrow it is yellow where there is a hair to hold the load. The tibia has two dissimilar spurs at the tip, shown at Fig. 6, Plate III. One of these is really pectinated or comb-toothed, forming four four long dents, while the other has the edges narrowly serrated. The first tarsal joint is longer than all the others combined, is also clothed with compound hairs and has the tip prolonged at the outer angle into a soft, curved process. The general structure of the claws of the middle and posterior tarsi is shown at 'Fig. 8, Plate III. In general the claws are longer and more slender, the teeth less prominent than on the middle pair. Otherwise, and in the central structure between the claws the two pairs are alike. Reference has been made to compound hairs. Of these there are two types in the clothing of the insect. The general covering of the functional parts of the insect is made up of palmate hairs : hairs with a flat shank, divided into from three to ten flagellaj or whips, shown at Fig. II, Plate III. In my Annual Report for 1S95, to the New Jersey Agricultural College Experiment Station, I gave on a half-tone plate. Fig. 47, a reproduction from a micro-photograph showing the compound hair of Ai:;cpostei)ioii and Aui^och/ora; both being of the same general type. Not all the hair is of this kind : the longer hair at the edge of the tibite has a straight shank with many shorter or longer branches ; but it is not palmate. 1 have already stated that there is no specialized jjoUen basket and when gathering pollen the June, 1901.] Smith : On Soimr Digger Bees. 65 insect simply rolls itself in the flower that the pollen may adhere to the mesh of interlacing branches of hair. This habit would seem to make it an effective pollenizer for fruits ; but unfortunately no obser- vations were made as to the kinds of flowers visited : therefore, I am unable to say at present whether the insect is of economic importance or not. I do know that the contrast between the yellow pollen and the metallic color of the insect is very striking and identifies the stor- ing specimen at a glance. June 30th, I made seven casts in bee mine No. 2, of which two were accidentally spoiled. All of these were made close to the point where the digging was done on the previous visit, and all were taken out the same day. In addition, I also took out a number of larv?e, pupK, pollen cakes and eggs from the pit next to where the casts were made. The main object of this digging was to obtain specimens ; but incidentally it was noted that always, in the upper cluster, there were two or three well-developed larvae, while in the lower clusters either very young larvas or eggs only were found. In other words, the bees, while they first complete the upper cluster before starting the lower series of cells, do not fill more than three of the upper, before they start on the lower series. The greatest number of filled cells found in any one cluster was five, and in that case three of the lower cells were also stocked. In cast I, I had three clusters and two branches which seemed to represent random digging. In the upper series I found one pupa and three full-grown larvae. Neither of the lower series contained any larvae, but the filling of some of the cells had been begun. Cast 2 contained only an imperfect cluster and, as there was no bee in the cast, it is probable that the owner met with an accident. Cast 3 had one partly completed cluster and one just started ; but here the bee was in the cast, imbedded in one of the cells, none of which were filled. This would seem to represent a very late start or some accident that prevented work for a time. Cast 4, extended more than four feet down. Four clusters were in whole or in part completed and three of them contained cells, either filled or in progress of being filled. All stages from the pollen cake without an egg, to the pupa were represented in this cast, but none of the outside cells had material of any kind. It was the study of this series that made the relation of the outer or air cells to the inner, brood cells, entirely clear. The bee in this instance was in the cast. 66 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. Cast 5 had three normal cell clusters and two sets of imperfect proc- esses, one almost at the extreme bottom, nearly four feet under ground. In this cast pupffi and full-grown larvae were found in the upper two series of cells. In the lower series pollen masses and eggs were found. Cast 6 was a complicated affair with four cell clusters. Two bees were found in the cast and a third was taken from the mouth of the burrow before the cast was made. When cleaning out the opening preparatory to casting, a bee came up with a load of clay to close it. I removed the material, but on turning found that another load had been deposited. I waited for the next supply and captured the bee with the forceps ; immediately thereafter a second bee came up ; but before she could return with another load the plaster was poured in. Two bees were in the cast, a third had been captured at the entrance : what relation was there between these examples ? There were four large cell clusters, one of them quite a distance from the up- right, and in three of these clusters lar- vae and pupje were found. In the fourth were pollen loaves and eggs. Cast 7 was the most complicated of the series, carrying four entire and two partial clusters. Four bees were im- bedded in it. Larvje and pupae were taken out of all the clusters. One bee was imbedded in a cell cast, as if she had been engaged in filling it with pollen. The others were im bed- ded in different portions of the upright. The result of the castings and diggings made it evident that on June 30, all stages from eggs to pupae occurred in the burrows. In no pupa was there any tendency to color up, even in the eyes. The in- ference was that the pupa was a recent formation and that the change to the adult was at some distance off. As to the sex of the pupae — all of them seemed to be males. This was easily determinable by the slender form and by the prominent claspers of the genitalia which in the adult are almost completely withdrawn. I made no effort to discover sexual differences in the larvK. Fig. I. Laiva of At/gockii hum era lis. June, 1901.] SiMiTH : On Some Diciger Bees. 67 In appearance the larvre were not in any way remarkable ; they were fat, white grubs, the segments well marked, the head small, horny and yellowish. Figure i gives a fair representation of it. The pupa was, of course, the bundled-up adult with the sexual pieces much more prominent. I was unable to find any reason for the presence of more than one bee in a cast unless, in some instances, two or more work in common, indicating the partial development of a social tendency. It seems reasonable to believe that those burrows that contain only two clusters with a few filled cells are made by one bee only ; but it is perhaps a question whether a boring with three or more clusters is the product of a single individual in any case. Cast number 7, was evidently compound and the clusters are arranged in two series. The perpen- dicular extended down simply from the sur- face for 7 inches and was there divided into two series, each of which had cell clusters. Had there been two bees only it would have been easier to refer the matter to a common use of an entrance ; but four bees require an agreement to use in common the entire per- pendicular. There is a gap between July ist, and July I2th-i3th, when I spent another two days at Lahaway with Mr. Brakeley. On the morning of the 12th I put down twelve and Mr. Brakeley put down four casts in bee mine No. 2. In working back to these casts we found, in uncast borings, a number of cell clusters with anywhere from one to eight closed cells. All stages from the eggs to the fully col- ored pupre were found, and 40 of the latter were put into closed vials for comi)lete development ; both sexes being obviously represented. A greater number of larvai and pupae were placed in alcohol. In general the insects were in the pupa stage. The eggs were very few and most of the larvL^ were full grown. It became increasingly evident that two or even three bees may work from the same perpendicular. Three bees were found in one cast in which there were five cell clusters. The relation of outer empty to inner filled cells, was now conclusively established by care- FiG. 2. Pupa of Augoch- lora /iiiincralis. 68 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. ful dissection of uncast burrows. At first the insect makes one brood cell with three empties around it ; rarely there are two cells in a line and four or five around it. Very occasionally there are three brood cells in a line with seven or eight empties around them. The usual form is one central with three around it, and then in order as already described. In one cast I found lo filled cells and eleven open cham- bers around it. July 13th we abandoned the regular bee mine for a study of an- other, higher field, which was less shaded and much hotter. Here we started another pit and, as it Avas a question only of cell clusters, a trench only thirty inches deep was needed. Here also we found a cluster of ten cells, ali containing pupre. A three-cell cluster was found in which was a perfectly-developed bee, capable of flight and which actually did fly a short distance in the attempt to escape. The second specimen from the same cluster was fully colored ; but the wings were not yet expanded ; the third was a white pupa with eyes besinning to color. This shows ^.^^ Fig. •;. Adult of Aiis:ochlora /iin/u-ralis. approximately the difference in time between the ovipositions of one bee and, from what I saw in the examples confined in the vials, there was a period of five days at least between each of these specimens. No bees of the new brood were yet about and, indeed, none of the old ones were seen above ground. Some old bees were yet found in the burrows ; but they seemed dis- pirited and were not at work. Many burrows had been abandoned by their makers and there was no appearance of new digging anywhere. The work of the hibernating examples was done, just about two months from the time they first began to make their appearance above ground. Roughly then, the bees began work May 14th, the first completed cell with pollen loaf and egg was found June nth, and the first larvae were observed June 13th and 15th. The egg stage, then, is very brief. June 30th there were many pupas, and a period of about fifteen days is indicated as the length of the larval life. The pupal stage is unex- pectedly long, no actually emerged individuals being found on July June, I90I.] Smith : On Some Digger Bees. 69 13th, though some were completed in the cells. This gives a full month for the pupal stage. July 14th, Mr. Brakeley's notes are resumed, and as the result of his observations, he thinks temperature and relative maturity of the bee determine the size of the cell clusters and the number of eggs laid. Early in the season when ova are developing slowly, the bee makes only a single cell cluster, because she feels there will be plenty of time to build another series before she needs them : that series will contain from four to eight cells and form the bulk of the deposit. Late bees, coming out in hot weather, feel the ova developing too rapidly to allow of much delay and they build as many cells in one cluster as there may be need for. In case, after the main clusters are provided for, there be some late ovarian developments, a small clus- ter, lower down than usual is provided. July 15th, bees were seen on the wing, and in the field where the adult was taken out of the cell July 13th, new diggers are already be- ginning to be notable. Whether males ever go down into these new burrows was not observed. On the 17th there were many new sand heaps, and on the 21st there was a general hatching and a general going down. Mr. Brakeley, in the course of some notes, writes : " About this time, happened to glance over the bee-bed and saw 100 blue bees or more, hovering low to the ground. Can't say where they come from, but I suspect that while I was working the upper clusters the lower series were unloading their adult bees." A sample of the conditions is shown in the following : Case I : Top cluster, 2 cells : i bee out, i cell yet closed, bee ready to emerge. Case 2 ; same status. Case 3: Top, 2 cell cluster bees out of both; but i captured; lower cell cluster with larvae. Case 4 : Top cluster, 2 bees out ; lower, i bee out, one mature and ready to come out. Case 5: 4 cell clusters: ist of 10 cells, several empty, others with mature bees ; 2d of 6 cells, some empty, others with bees nearly mature ; 3d or 4 cells all with pupse ; 4th of one cell with larva. July 2 2d, the last observation was made, and it was concluded from the fact, that digging began just as it did in May, that there would be another brood ready September 15th to 30th. .So on Sep- tember 17th Mr. Brakeley and myself were again on hand, making an observation trip through the blue bee territory. ^Ve saw no signs 7(» Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. of adults flying nor of any new burrows ; but we did see signs of very recent digging from what seemed to be old sand hills. It looked as if new earth had been pushed out of the old burrows, and on investi- gation it proved that the oblique sand arm was being used and that bees were working in the borings. A number of the active hills were marked. On the morning of the iSth four casts were put down, and on the afternoon three others. In digging to these casts a number of closed burrows were found and traced down with knife and trowel. An un- expected result was that not a single brood cell was found in any of the burrows ; nothing but irregular fingers. The bees seem to have spent themselves in digging ; first a very deep perpendicular and from that all sorts of irregular lateral galleries ; but in not a single case was there a cluster of brood cells such as we found everywhere in June and July. The casts showed exactly the same features ; there were a great lot of irregular processes ; but there was not one single cluster, not a solitary brood cell, not a larva nor any other early stage found. And these were all burrows made by July bees ! Mr. Brakeley and I saw the bees coming out of their summer burrows ; and Mr. Brakeley saw them beginning to dig between July 14th and 2 2d. Thoughout that same territory where this digging was most active, we now find mostly flattened sand hills : a few from which fresh sand is being forced. In one case the sand was being carted directly out of the perpendicular. In the others it was forced through an oblique lateral which was not the same as that made in July : in fact, in one case we found traces of no less than three separate oblique laterals, all sand filled. The interesting and unexpected feature was that not one of these midsummer burrows — and we traced at least twenty — showed any ap- pearance of breeding cells. There is indeed not a particle of evidence that there has been any second brood ; on the contrary, everything goes to prove that there has been none, and that the insects simply dig down to get beneath the surface : for despite their bright, metallic color they are strictly subterranean. One of the casts went down 52, another 55 inches and two of them we did not follow to the end ; but where we did we usually found bees at the bottom. In other words we found practically the same condition of affairs that we found in Spring in Cock Robin Park where we first began work. Hiberna- tion had really begun for some of them. In one case we found three bees, in another two bees, apparently working in laterals from the June, igoi.] Smith : On Some Digger Bees. 71 same burrow : several bees then may be working in the same general system, all more or less independent of each other. The conclusion was irresistible that there is no second brood : that the bees dig to get out of the sun and keep on digging in a sort of blind, instinctive way. I'hey make all sorts of laterals and sometimes make processes that resemble cell clusters, in isolated instances going so far as to line individual cells with clay. But these clusters are never complete ; there is never an enveloping or air space and the drop cells or fingers are of all sorts of lengths. In short the struc- tures are not breeding cells at all. All the bees found were females, and the inference seems to be that after copulation they do more or less work all summer in a hap hazard sort of fashion ; then late in the season they deepen the main burrow to between four and five feet. There from one to eight bees will pile on top of each other to go into hibernation. Some of the bees that we dug out more than four feet down, from burrows closed on top, were already almost dormant and could be freely handled without their making effort to sting : very different from the bustling activity of the newly hatched individuals or of those working on the brood cells. The really remarkable fact is that these bees that have been dig- ging such long burrows during the summer, abandon them in the spring and start all over again with new diggings for breeding pur- poses. A single bee may, in the course of its life, dig two quarter- inch tubes, which combined will equal between seven and eight feet in depth ; and if the laterals and fingers can be added it would amount to at least two feet more — one of the most remarkable instances of apparently useless digging on record. Mr. Brakeley, as a matter of curiosity, weighed two bees taken in one of the winter burrows, and found them i y^ grains together ; the larger of the two weighed less than one grain, and he put the problem thus : If a blue bee, weight less than one grain, will dig a hole double its own diameter, 64 inches deep, how deep ought a Princeton graduate, weight 185 pounds (or thereabouts), diameter two feet (more or less), to burrow to e([ual blue bee, weight for weight ? And he answers in this wise : One grain bee, 5 feet ; one pound, bee, 7,000 grains — 35,000 feet or, roughly, 7 miles. This would make for the Princeton graduate (or the Rutgers professor) 1,295 miles of tubing four feet in diameter I But this does not tell the whole story, for the calculation was made when we did not know that each bee digs two burrows of approximately equal depth. 72 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. Another interesting fact is this : the life of an individual female bee is eleven months at least, and of this entire period not more than ten days at the outside is passed above ground — probably much less, for only when gathering pollen does the insect come out of its den. How long an individual male lives I do not know, for circumstances prevented the continuation of observations. If it does nothing else, this note proves that an entire season may be not unprofitably spent in studying the habits of even a single species. EXPLANATION OF PLATE IIL Structural deiaWsoi .4 ugoc/i/ora htinieralis Patt., i, anterior leg ; antenna cleaner at a, at 2, yet further enlarged ; 3, middle leg ; 4, the single tibial spur yet further enlarged ; 5, posterior leg; 6, spurs of posterior tibia, more enlarged; 7, claws of anterior tarsus ; 8, claws of posterior tarsus ; 9, antenna ; 10, mandible ; II, palmate body hair ; 12, tip of labium showing ligula, paraglossa and palpi ; 13, tip of maxilla : all much enlarged. Original. EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV. Digging and breeding habits of Colletcs and Augochlora. 14, burrow of CoUetes compacta, the well-defined upper shaded portion representing the cast which runs to the end of the upper lateral ; a " heel " extends below this lateral from the main burrow, below which the evenly shaded area represents the sand-filled portion of the digging ; 15, brood cell of C. compacta, enlarged about two diameters, showing attachment of egg at sides, its tip resting on the food surface ; 16, 17, casts made from hibernating burrows oi Augochlora humeralis, actual length about 50 inches; 18, cast of breeding burrow of Augochlora, with two small cell clusters of brood cells ; the oblique lateral at top, from which cast was made; lower part of cast broken off; actual length of portion shown 22 inches ; 19, diagrammatic section, about 5-^ natural size, showing oblique entrance to the perpendicular burrow ; sand heap at surface, the entrance to the upright closed by a plug ; 20, perpendicular from which lateral extends backward, natural size; 21, cast of a cell cluster with five brood cells: 22, section through a single cell cluster about twice natural size, showing pollen loaf and egg at bottom, the outside cells continued until they almost meet below the loaded cell ; 23, egg of A. humerclis, very greatly enlarged. Original. EXPLANATION OF PLATE V. Plaster cast in position in the bee mine, ready to take out : has two brood cells. In the bee mine, showing tools and method of digging out casts and investigat- ing burrows : each notch or angle indicates a cast taken out. June, 1901.] SCHAUS : HeTEROCERA FROM TrOPICAL AMERICA. 13 NEW SPECIES OF HETEROCERA FROM TROPICAL AMERICA— II. Bv William Schaus. Givira platea. Head, collar, thorax, and subdorsal tufts on abdomen mottled black and brown ; abdomen otherwise light brown. Primaries brown, irrorated with black ; veins yel- lowish except the subcostal ; the black irrorations forming indistinct spots on costa, in cell, and on inner margin ; a large outer dark spot between 3 and 5 cut by vein 4 ; just beyond cell a fine whitish line, cut by veins, a subterminal wavy black line partly edged with white ; terminal white spots between the veins ; on basal third between veins lb and Ic, an oval silvery spot, preceded and followed by smaller silvery white spots. Secondaries brown; the costal margin buff; veins 6 and 7 on secondaries from a point. Expanse, 26 mm. Habitat : Sdo Paulo, Brazil. Givira watsoni. Head and thorax brown, mottled with gray and white hairs ; abdomen brown, tinged with olivaceous on last segment. Primaries: base brown, followed by a broad darker brown band, outwardly curved below the cell from costa to vein lb, enclosing above vein lb a small white spot ; median space whitish, irrorated with brown, crossed by a fine dark broken line ; close to end of cell a narrow brown shade, widening towards inner margin ; beyond the cell a dark streak on veins 5 and 6 ; a dark sub- terminal brown line, widening before apex, slightly lunular between the veins, and shaded with white on either side ; the outer margin brown. Secondaries brown with traces of darker spots near apex. Expanse, 25 mm. Habitat: Pernambuco, Brazil. Eugivira. Antennae rectinated. Primaries : neuration as in Givira Walk. Secondaries : veins 6 and 7 stalked. Group I. Vein 8 Connected With 7 by a Bar. Juturna Schs. {Dolecta). Cccstroides H. S. {Hypopta) 7 & 8 Aroa Schs. {^Lani^sdorfia'). on primaries on very short stalk. Tecmessa Schs. {Givira'). Arbeloidcs Dyzx {Ingm-omorpha) . Philomela Schs. {Givira). Sabii/osa Schs. sp. nov. Quadra Schs. sp. nov. Group II. Vein 8 Free. Duraugona Schs. sp. nov. Plagiata Schs. sp. nov. Carisca Schs. sp. nov. Pardana Schs. sp. nov. Pallidicosta Schs. sp. nov. Pulvcrosa Hamps. {Givira). Niidaria Schs. sp. nov. 74 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. Eugivira sabulosa. Body light brown, rriniaries light brown, irrorated with darker brown, and blackish lines, forming indistinct shades and stris ; blackish spots on costa ; an interrupted blackish inner line ; a dark spot at the end of the cell ; an outer irregu- lar dark line, connected with the submarginal irregular shadings, and the terminal dark blotches, by dark lines from vein 3 to inner angle, and along vein 4, also about veins 7 and 8 ; fringe mottled, light and dark brown. Secondaries brown with irregular darker transverse stri;ie on outer half. Expanse, 37 mm. Habitat : Sao Paulo, Brazil. Eugivira quadra. Body gray ; darker transverse shadings on abdomen. Primaries : costa whitish with four black spots, a long black streak and then a shorter black streak ; cell whitish, irrorated with light brown ; a dark spot at end of the cell ; basal half of wing below medium vein reddish brown, this space ending at origin of vein 2 above, and below on inner margin at lb ; beyond this to vein 3 is a whitish space slightly irrorated with brown at inner angle ; above vein 3 and beyond cell the wing is thickly irrorated with brown, shading to buff at apex and extreme outer margin. Secondaries whitish, irrorated with brown above vein 3, and with traces of broken lines towards apex ; an indistinct grayish spot at end of cell. Expanse, 37 mm. Habitat : Sao Paulo, Brazil. This species has vein ic as in £. arbchndes Dyar. Eugivira durangona. Head and thorax pale buff. Abdomen white with a subdorsal blackish tuft. Primaries white ; some dark points along costa ; on middle of inner margin a cluster of reddish brown and black scales ; an indistinct reddish brown shade beyond cell ; three outer rows of minute and indistinct grayish spots between the veins. Seconda- ries white, covered with small indistinct grayish spots except on inner margin. Both wings with an interrupted dark terminal line ; fringe white, mottled with light red- dish brown. Expanse, 26 mm. Habitat : Durango, Colorado?. Eugivira carisca. Head, collar and thorax buff, laterally shaded with brown ; posteriorly on thorax a tuft of reddish brown scales, and subdorsally on second segment of abdomen a similar tuft. Primaries whitish ; at base a cluster of large dark brown spots separated by veins, and not below vein lb ; a similar space below origin of vein 2 to inner margin, where it is widest, and merely divided by vein lb and ic ; a round brown spot in cell before its end ; just beyond the cell a bright brownish red spot ; the outer space above vein i irrorated with brown, forming large spots subterminally from veins 3-8 ; costal margin spotted with brown ; apex and outer margin thickly irrorated with brown. Secondaries grayish white. Expanse, 23 mm. Habitat: Jalapa, Mexico. June, 1901.] SCHAUS : HETEROCERA FROM TROPICAL AMERICA. 75 Eugivira pallidicosta. Body dark gray. Primaries : costa to near apex broadly while, sliaded below through cell and to apex with dark brown ; the basal half of wing and inner margin is shaded with reddish brown, otherwise the wing is pale gray with about seven very broken transverse brownish lines, consisting chiefly of clusters of scales at the veins. Secondaries white. Both wings with dark geminate spots terminally at veins ; fringe whitish, divided by a dark gray line. Expanse, 24 mm. Habitat: Castro, Parana. Eugivira nudaria. Body mottled gray and pale brown, the former color predominating. Primaries light gray, irrorated with white specks and striated with darker gray, forming indis- tinct bands, especially on outer portion ; the inner margin with some black strise ; costal margin spotted with black, the second from base large, and prolonged as a black streak to vein lb, the fourth also large and crossing cell. Secondaries whitish, striated with gray on outer half. Both wings with terminal grayish spots at veins, fringe mottled gray and white. Expanse, 35 mm. Habitat : Aroa, Venezuela. Eugivira plagiata. Body brown. Primaries gray, shaded with light brown at base and on inner margin; the outer portion mottled with white and brownish gray strise ; a dark brown spot on costa near base ; a larger brown spot below cell a little more remote from base; a spot at end of cell, and another below vein 2; a subterminal brown spot between 4 and 5, larger ones between 6 and 8, and a minute one on costa before apex ; terminal grayish brown spots at veins ; fringe mottled gray, buff, and pale brown. Secondaries dark grayish brown, paler terminally with dark spots at the veins, and a dark subterminal shade below costa ; fringe mottled buff and brown. Expanse, 38 mm. Habitat : Aroa, Venezuela. Eugivira pardana. Thorax light brown with darker markings. Primaries light brown ; a basal, inner, outer and subterminal row of round, dark brown spots, edged with whitish ; the basal and inner row nearly straight, the outer curved beyond cell and geminate above vein 5 ; the submarginal spots very large between veins 4 to 7, the one between 5 and 6 nearer the outer margin ; some dark spots in cell between the median and outer rows ; two spots above inner margin between outer and subterminal rows ; ter- minal dark spots at veins, those above veins 2-4 elongated obliquely to vein above ; the terminal spots extending on to fringe. Secondaries with traces of darker, trans- verse, irregular and broken lines. Expanse, 30 mm. Habitat : Sao Paulo, Brazil. Antennae serrate fasciculate. ARBELID/E. Langsdorfia coresa. Body dark brown. Primaries grayish brown, with dark brown markinri///iKUZ and occidentalis in spined seventh ventral segment. It has a strong superficial resemblance to Bembex einerea which is (juite distinct from it, and has so far been recorded from Georgia 84 Journal New York. Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. only. It is (juite probable that the notes of M. Coquillett -i'^ really apply to this species, and not to B. ciucrca, which does not occur in California. Steniolia sulfurea, sp. nov. $ . With the exception of the entirely black thorax, front, vertex, cheek.s (ex- cept orbits), small spots on the coxek and trochanters, first segment of abdomen on its fore surface and a triangular mark above (which is sometimes merged into the black anterior), the insect is bright sulphur yellow ; the flagellum dark above, yellowish on basal half beneath, wings hyaline ; pubescence of head and thorax den.se and grayish. Flagellum slender, acuminate, though shorter than in ^. diiplicata ; front long and narrow, much more so than in the species mentioned ; legs robust ; second ventral segment carinated on apical third, the carina extending to apical margin where it projects in the form of a slight tooth ; seventh ventral segment medially at apex with an emargination, in which rests a large bifurcated process forming part of the genitalia and having one furcation much longer than the other. Length, 19-20 mm. Habitat : Shasta County, California. Two specimens collected by the late Henry Edwards and forming part of the collection containing the preceding specimens. It is not closely related to any described species of Steniolia, and is quite remarkable in its coloration. NOTE ON THE LARVA OF PSAPHIDIA THAXTERIANUS. By Harrison G. Dyar. Head luteous brown, dotted with whitish, a black patch on each side of the clypeus with a brown shade on the angle of the lobe and one extending upward on the posterior edge of the lobe, widening above to suggest an elliptical pale enclosure on the side; width 3.3 mm. Body vinous brown, a little greenish tinted ; a series of large subdorsal creamy white patches on joints 2 to 14, on the thorax cov- ering the sides of the cervical shield setae ia to iib, on the abdomen setae i to iii (the patch somewhat trilobate) and whole of anal plate. Tubercles and spiracles white ; setse normal, single, distinct, but fine, pale ; thoracic ones well separated and all present. The handsome larva of this rare Noctuid occurred to me on the white oak at Brookhaven, N. Y., in June. It was fully grown and * Proceedings Entomological Society of Washington, V. Ill, p. 236. June, igoi.] DYAR : A M F.W ARCTIAN. 85 pupated immediately in the earth. 'J'he moth emerged the following May. ♦ DIAGNOSIS OF A NEW ARCTIAN. Bv Harrison G. Dvar. Dodia albertae, gen, nov. et sp. Head moderately prominent, tongue weak, palpi short, not reaching front, eyes naked, ocelli large ; $ antennce simple with bristles and cilia ; body slender, geo- metriform, vestiture hairy but short ; hind tibia; with four spurs, fore tibia; with termi- nal spine ; primaries broad, trigonate ; secondaries large and ^mple. Vein i free, scarcely forked at base ; 2 from middle of cell ; 3-5 rather approximate, 5 nearer 4 than 6 ; 6 from end of cell, free or shortly stalked ; 7-10 stalked, 8-9 nearly at apex ; II and 12 free; on hind wings 3-4 approximate ; 5 strong, arising near 4 ; 6-7 stalked; 8 anastomosing with cell to near middle. Frenulum present. Gray, wings diaphanous with only a faint whitish waved subterminal line or considerably washed with whitish over the basal half of the wing, leaving a gray subbasal curved band and a slightly waved, oblique, median one, between which and the subterminal line are whitish powderings. Hind wings subhyaline. Expanse, 34-35 mm. Three S $ , Calgary, Alberta, Canada (F. H. Wolley Dod). One, taken June ii is fresh and washed with white; a second, July 3, is diaphonous gray with only traces of markings, while the third, July 10, is rubbed and nearly hyaline. U. S. National Museum, type No. 5747. DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE LEPIDOPTEROUS LARV^. By D. W. Coquillett. Homccosoma mucidellum Rago//oL Body green, minutely granulated, a brown dorsal and subdorsal stripe, first thoracic segment brownish, darkest laterally, cervical shield yellow, bordered posteriorly with black piliferous spots, minute, black, spiracles circular, wholly black, anal plate unmarked, head brown, an ocellar black dot and above it a large black spot ; 16 legs ; length, 8 mm. Found two February 12, 1893, in thin, white cocoons beneath a piece of paper in the grass near l.os .\ngeles, Cal. One pupated February 15, and the moth issued March 28. 86 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. Ephestiodes gilvescentella Ragonot. Body (lull olive brown, in the younger ones marked with a dorsal, subdorsal and stigmatal whitish stripe, which are sometimes so di- lated as to almost cover the whole dody, but in the older ones they are narrower, sometimes being entirely wanting ; piliferous spots quite distinct, blackish brown ; spiracles ringed with black ; head dark, reddish brown ; cervical shield yellowish brown, bordered posteriorly with black ; on each side of the first thoracic segment is a rather large) polished, blackish, stigmatal spot ; thoracic legs whitish, marked with black; no anal plate ; length, ii mm. Found many on trunks of orange trees at Los Angeles, Cal., Jan. 5 and 7, 1889. Some were in masses of dry leaves, in the crotches of the trees, and the leaves bore evidence of having been fed upon by them. Others were in silk-lined channels in the bark of the tree, beneath debris of various kinds adhering to the bark. They refused to feed upon the green orange leaves. The moths issued from February 21 to Tvlarch 8. Setiostoma fernaldella Riley. Body greenish white, a dorsal row of large pinkish spots, a rather wide subdorsal and narrower stigmatal interrupted pinkish line ; the three thoracic segments wholly pinkish ; piliferous spots and spiracles black or dark brown ; cervical shield blackish brown, head yellowish brown; length, 12 mm. Lives on Querciis agrifoliaht\.\\tQXi\.\\o\QdMt% fastened together with silk threads. Found many larvae June 13, 1886, near Los Angeles, Cal. The moths issued during the following month. Young larvae also were found in the same locality, Feb. 12, 1S88. NOTE ON A SPECIES OF PSILOPYGA. By Charles Schaeffer. Specimens collected by Dr. R. E. Kunze, in Arizona, agree very well with the description of the Mexican P. fasciata Sharp, except in the extent of the red markings, which are said to occupy two- thirds of the elytra in the Mexican species, while in the specimens from Arizona the red occupies only one-third of the elytra. Accord- ing to Dr. Sharp the generic name Psilopyga must be restored for our species of Oxyciwrnus. June, I90I.] BeUTENMCLLER : EARLIER STAGES OF SpHINX GoRDIUS. 87 THE EARLIER STAGES OF SPHINX GORDIUS. Bv William BeutenmCller. £i^g. — Globular, smooth, shining, pale green. Width, i mm. Height, .75 mm. The egg is similar to that of Spliiiix hicitiosa, but is smaller and more globular. Emerged July 6th. Stage I. — Pale whitish green, caudal horn jet black, with two hair- like bristles at the tip. Length, 3.5 mm. As the larva becomes older there appears at the sides five white oblique bands and a sub- dorsal stripe of the same color. Length, 7 mm. Getting ready to moult July loth and nth. Moulted July nth and 12th. Stage 11. — Pale green with pale yellow granulations, and pale yellowish oblique bands at the sides and a subdorsal stripe, broken by the bands. Caudal horn reddish brown, cherry red at base. Feet, legs and head, pale green. Getting ready to moult July 14th and 15th. Moulted July 15th and i6th. Length, 12 mm. Stage III. — Pale green, thickly beset with yellowish granulations, and a short subdorsal stripe on each side composed of yellow granula- tions. The oblique bands yellow behind, red in front and slightly white in the middle. Head green with a yellow stripe on each side in front. Caudal horn red with short spines. Thoracic feet red. Ab- dominal and anal legs green. Getting ready to moult July i8th and 19th. Moulted July 19th and 20th. Length, 18 mm. Stage IV. — Head light green with a broad yellow stripe on each side in front. Body bright whitish green with the oblique bands broad, bright crimson in front, yellowish behind. and white in the middle. Caudal horn crimson. Thoracic feet crimson. Sometimes the caudal horn is crimson above, orange beneath or blackish above, yellow beneath and red at the sides. Moulted July 23d and 24th. Length, 24 mm. Stage V. — Same as in the previous stage. Moulted July 29th and 30th. Length 35 mm. Stage VI. — Body bright apple green with numerous small yellow- ish or whitish dots, some of which are encircled with black. Along each side are seven oblique, bright carmine stripes, which are white posteriorly, the carmine shading into the white. Caudal horn black at the sides and tip, green at the middle above and beneath. Spiracles orange. Head with a yellowish and brownish stripe on each side in front. Thoracic feet pink, greenish at the base. Abdominal and anal legs green. Length, 65 mm. Food-plants : Apple, huckleberry, Myrica. 88 Journal New York. Entomological Society. [VoI. ix. THE EARLIER STAGES OF CERATOMIA AMYNTOR. By William Beutenmuller. Stage I. — Body pale green, with a whitish dorsal line and one on each side on the subdorsal, the oblique stripes along the sides running through the subdorsal line and almost touching the stripe on the dor- sum. Caudal horn yellowish with two fine fork-like setae at the tip. On each the second and third segments are two short, blunt, stout tubercles. Thoracic feet and abdominal legs green. Length, 8.50 mm. Getting ready to moult July 13. Moulted July 14th. Stage II. — Same color as in previous stage. Body and head, gran- ulated, and the line along the dorsum in form of serrations. The tubercles on the second and third segments more prominent. The body is regularly wrinkled and the granulations are placed on these transversely. Length, 15 mm. Moulted July iSth. Stage III. — Uniform green above and below. The dorsal line is now composed of rather prominent elevated serrations and at the an- terior edge of the first segment a transverse row of serrations. The oblique stripes along the side almost touch the dorsal line. Caudal horn yellow. The tubercles on the second and third segments yellow and beset with small yellow protuberances. There is also a serrated, yellow, subdorsal line, beginning at the anterior edge of the first seg- ment and running to the end of the fourth segment ; it is broken by the tubercles. Length, 21 mm. Moulted July 2 2d. Stage IV. — Head green with a yellow line on each side and covered with yellow, granular dots. Thoracic feet yellow, tip red. The tubercles on the second and third segment are now fleshy and very prominent with canary yellow protuberances. The row of serra- tions on the anterior edge of the first segment is now also very promi- nent. The subdorsal line as in the previous stage. The dorsal line prominent and distinctly serrated, i)inkish, white. The seven pink- ish white oblique stripes along the sides, raised by tubercular dots. Caudal horn yellowish. Anal plates with yellow borders. Body wholly dotted with whitish grandular dots. Length, 25 mm. Moulted July 27th. Stage V. — Same color and marking as in the preceding stage, ex- cept the thoracic feet, pink. Length, 45 mm. Moulted July 31st and August ist. June, igoi.] BeUTENMULLER : STAGES OF SmKRINTHUS GeMINATUS. 89 Stage VI. — Chocolate brown with the dorsal serrations and lateral oblique stripes somewhat paler. The lateral stripes are now composed of elevated serrations ; behind each stripe is a pale brownish-gray hue or shade. Subdorsal serrated line somewhat like in the last stage, but more prominent. The four fleshy tubercles with yellow warts. Anal-plate maroon brown. Head chestnut brown, granulate, with a paler stripe on each side. Mouth-parts yellow ; mandibles black. Thoracic feet chestnut red. Food-plant : Elm. As is well known the usual color of the fully grown larva is green instead of brown and the species also feeds on linden and white birch. THE EARLIER STAGES OF SMERINTHUS GEMINATUS. By William Beuten.mullek. Stage I. — Wholly green. Caudal horn black. Head globular. Length, 4 mm. Moulted June 5th. Stage II. — The head is now triangular and slightly furcate on the vertex and covered with minute granulations. Along the sides of the body are seven oblique yellow bands, broken on the subdorsum by a longitudinal, narrow yellow line. The bands and lines are composed of elevated granulations. Over the body are numerous elevated granu- lations. Caudal horn reddish brown. Tip of thoracic feet pinkish. Length, 7.5 mm. Moulted June 9th. Stage III. — Very much like the last stage, but the oblique lateral stripes are paler and the subdorsal stripes more conspicuous on the first to the end of the fourth segments. Length, 12 mm. ]\Ioulted June nth. Stage IV. — Pale green with the subdorsal line only reaching to the end of the fourth segment and composed of serrations, and much deeper yellow. The body is covered with whitish green granules, giving the larva a light appearance. The last oblique stripe on the sides reaches to the tip of the caudal horn, which is black above. Head triangular. Spiracles black. Thoracic feet black, pinkish at the base. Length, 15 mm. Moulted June i6th. 90 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. Stage V. — Head more triangular with a yellow vertical stripe on each side in front. Body bluish green with the subdorsal line as before, but more distinct and clear, pale straw yellow. Oblique stripes on the sides less distinct, except the last, bright yellow and reaches the tip of the caudal horn, which is now reddish above and below. Spiracles black. Length, 28 mm. Moulted June 2 2d. Siage VI. — Body decidedly bluish green, more so than in the last stage, especially along the dorsal region, granular. Subdorsal line and oblique stripe like before. Caudal horn bluish purple. Thoracic feet purplish. Abdominal legs purplish outside. Spiracles black, center white. Length, 55 mm. Food-plants: Cherry, wild and cultivated, plum, apple, elm, oak, hazel, willow, poplar, hornbeam, birch, ash, etc. DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE LEPIDOPTEROUS LARViE. By William Beutenmuller. Alaria florida. Head shining green ; cervical shield green with a purplish patch on each side ; body bright green, covered with numerous, elevated, white granules ; dorsal line and indications of a line above the spira- cles darker green. There is also a trace of a faint pale line along the spiracles. Junctions of segments with a narrow yellow transverse line above. Lhiderside smooth, bright green with a whitish tinge. Length, 30 mm. Found on evening primrose, August 17th. The moth emerged the following July. tiadena devastatrix. Head very glossy chestnut brown ; smooth parts pitchy black ; cervical shield rounded at the sides and behind, testaceous ; anterior edge blackish, glossy ; body dirty brownish white, very glossy, with a dark band on a junction of each segment. A few short hairs are scattered over the body, which arise from minute piliferous spots. Thoracic feet testaceous, tips pitchy black ; spiracles black ; abdom- inal legs not prominently developed. Length, 30 mm. Found under a stone, May 27th, living in a burrow about three inches deep. June, igoi.] PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCJETY. 91 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMO- LOGICAL SOCIETY. Meeting of October i6, 1900. Held at the residence of Mr. Chas. Palm, 172 E. 64th St. Vice-President Palm in the chair. Nine members and two visitors present. Mr. Joutel acted as recording secretary /re tern, in absence of Mr. Shaeffer. Mr. E. P. Felt was proposed for corresponding membership by Mr. Joutel. Mr. Chas. Palm exhibited some rare coleoptera from Arizona, collected by Dr. Kunze, amongst which were Cychrus siioivii, from the Pima Mountains, Afelanophila mirandi, Plusiotis gloriosa, P. lecontei, P. luoodii, Chalcolepiduis sniaragdinus, C. tartariais, C. behrensii, C. 7vebhi, Xvlorydcs faitims. He also showed an intermedi- ate form of Z^j'wr/.fto ///jv/j and ^Trt/^/"//. After discussion and informal meeting, ad- journment. Meeting of October 20, 1900. Held at the residence of Mr. S. Beyer, 511 E. 117th St. President Beutenmiiller in the chair. Ten members present. The treasurer was authorized to deposit in the savings bank such money as he deemed advisable to put out on interest. Mr. E. P. Felt was elected a corresponding member of the Society. On motion it was decided to have an outing on December 1st and 2d to the Ramapo Mountains. Mr. Weeks reported the death of Rev. George D. Hulst, and upon motion Messrs. Beutenmiiller and Weeks were appointed as a committee to draft resolutions on the death of Dr. Hulst. Mr. Schaeffer exhibited a series of Callichroma splendida, from the usual green to the entirely blue forms. Mr. Beyer then showed part of his collection, calling attention to his latest captures from Florida, Montana and North Carolina. His collection contains many fine series of Cychorus, viz. : C. giiyotii, C. andreiusii, C. ridingsii, C. stenostomiis var. bicar- inattts, C- canadensis, C. vidinis, C. clevattis var. keros and C. heiiipJiillii. Meeting of December 4, 1900. Held at the American Museum of Natural History. President Beutenniiiller in the chair. Eight members present. Mr. F. D. Watson, was proposed for active membership by Mr. Joutel. Mr. Beutenmiiller showed an example of Papilio iiicrope var. cenea which mim- ics the female of Diadcnta ndsippus. Mr. Barber spoke on a collection of Coleoptera taken at Cold Spring Harbor, L. I. Messrs. Beutenmiiller and Weeks having been appointed a committee at the last, meeting of the Society, to draft a fitting memorial regarding the death of Rev. Dr. Geo. D. Hulst, presented the following resolutions : Resolved, That by the death of the Rev. Dr. George D. Hulst, a member of this Society, this community has lost a true educator, a keen and enthusiastic scientist and an estimable and worthy citizen, his congregation a faithful and earnest pastor, the unfortunate a genuine comforter and alleviator, his family a beloved husband and father, and we a valued associate and friend. 92 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. Resolved, That we sincerely mourn for the bright and genial companion, the pleasing and sympathetic instructor, the ever-ready and attractive speaker, the indus- trious and intelligent student, the man, valiant for the right yet modest and unassum- ing, by foes respected and admired, by friends honored and esteemed. Resolved, That we deeply regret his sudden and untimely departure in the meri- dian of his experience and powers, while his master hand was on the key, alert to complete his self-allotted tasks in the solution of those problems of nature to which he had devoted so large a portion of his abounding talents and energies. Resolved, That these resolutions be inserted in the minutes of the Society and a copy thereof sent to the family of the deceased. Meeting of December iS, 1900. Held at the American Museum of Natural History. In absence of the President and Vice-President, Mr. L. H. Joiitel was elected as chairman pro tent. Twelve members present. Mr. F. D. Watson was elected an active member of the Society. , Mr. Kearfott and Dr. Love were appointed as a committee to nominate officers for the year 1901. Mr. Schaeffer exhibited a number of Coleoptera collected in the vicinity of New York : Melasis pedinicornis, Deltoinetopus ruflpes, Entomophthalmus riifioliis, Mic- rorrhagus suhsinuatus, M. hiiinerahis, M. aiidax, Hypocalus frontosus, and Schizo- phibis siibrtifus. He also spoke on the different way of collecting. The species referred to live in dead branches, generally oak. After discussion adjournment. Meeting of January 15, 1901. Held at the American Museum of Natural History. President Bcutenmiiller in the chair. Nine members present. The treasurer presented his report on the finances of the Society for the year 1900, which was accepted, and referred to the auditing committee. The following officers were elected for the year 1901 : President, Wm. Beutenmiiller ; Vice-Presi- dent, Wm. D. Kearfott ; Treasurer, I^. H. Joutel ; Recording Secretary, Chas. Schaeffer ; Corresponding Secretary, C. F. Groth ; Executive Committee, Chas. Palm, H. Hug, C. F. Groth, R. Ottolengui, O. Seifert ; Publication Committee, Wm. Beutenmiiller, L. H. Joutel, Chas. Schaeffer and Chas. Palm. Mr. Kearfott extended an invitation to the members to meet in his house at Montclair, N. J., on January 27th, to examine his large collection of Lepidoptera. After a general discussion, adjournment. Meeting of February 5, 1901. Held at the American Museum of Natural History. President Beutenmiiller in the chair. Nine members present. The resignations of Messrs. E. Shoemaker and Ernest T- Munch were read and accepted. Mr. L. Kriiger, of Stettin, Germany, was proposed for corresponding membership by Mr. Beutenmiiller. June, igoi.] PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 93 Mr. Schaeffei" exhibited the species of Trechns, among which was a new species collected on Mt. Mitchell, western North Carolina, by Mr. Beutenmiiller. The dif- ferences between the species were pointed out, also the more salient characters of the new species. Mr. Beutenmiiller spoke on the habits of Trechns hydropicn^ and the new species, both of which he stated lived in deep damp moss and were obtained by sifting. Meeting of Fefsruakv iS, 1901. Held at the residence of Mr. C. F. Groth, 139 E. 40th St. President I>euten- miiller in the chair. Fourteen members present. Mr. L. Kriiger, proposed at a previous meeting, was elected a corresponding member. On motion it was decided that the Journal shall not be sent to members in the arrears with their dues for one year. Mr. Groth exhibited his collection of insect architecture. The president appointed the following committees: Field Committee, Wm. D. Kearfott, and Dr. E. G. Love. Auditing Committee : H. G. Barber, O. Seifert, and Chas. Palm. Delegates to the Scientific Alliance, Dr. E. G. Love and C. Y . Groth and the president by the constitutions of the Alliance. The death of Mr. Frederick Clarkson, a member of this society was announced by Mr. Groth, and upon motion Mr. A. C. Weeks was asked to draft proper resolu- tions on the death of our fellow member, whereupon Mr. Weeks piresented the fol- lowing : Resolved, That we, the meml)ers of this Society, sincerely regret the death of our associate and realize that thereby we have lost a worthy member, a genial and cour- teous companion and a respected and valued friend. Resolved, That these resolutions be entered in our minutes and a copy thereof transmitted to the family of the deceased. After a social and informal meeting, adjournment. Meeting of RLvrch 5, 1900. Held at the American Museum of Natural History. Dr. Love in the chair, //\., 1830; tigrina Y.\^\i.. Cent roc era Pokorny, 1893 ; de dpi ens Meig. Charadrella v. D. W., 1896 ; macrosonia v. d. W. C/ielisia 'Ko'ax)., 1856; momlis Meig. Oplogaster Pond., 1856 ; mollicula Fall, Hoplogaster Rond., 1870 ; mollicula Fall. Chirosia Rond., 1856 ; atbitarsis Zett. Chiastocheta Pokorny, 1889 ; trollii Zett. Sept., igoi] CoQUiLLETT : Types cv Anthomvid Genera. 143 C/iotistomma '&TE\^, 1895; pokornyi ?iTEi-H. Cinochira Zkvt., 1845; atra Xy.-yx. Ccenosia Meig., 1826 ; geniculata Fall. LimnosiaZ'nz'. , 1830; albicornis Meig. Palusia Dcsv., 1830; pumila Fall. ? Eriostyla Z/sis YoKORtiY, 1893; lacteipennis T.y.tt:. Drymeia Meig., 1826 ; hainafa Fall. Eremotnyia Stein, 1898 ; Jiiimeralis Stein. Eiijyouwia Stein, 1899 ; hispaiiiense Stein. Eiistalomyia Kowarz, 1873 ; hilaris Fall. Dendrophila Lioy, 1864; hi/aris Fall. Not Dcndropliila Sivainsoii, 1837. Faiiuia T)^s\., 1830; scalaris Yxbv.. Philinta Desv., 1830 ; canicitlaris Linne. Homalomyia j9^//r//^, 1834; ca/u'cu/aris hiNi^E. Ciiilomyia Ha/id., 1840; mo//tssima HAhiD. Myaniha Ro/id., 1856; ai/i/cu/an's hmNE. ? Cimbotoma L/oy, 1864 ; floricola Desv. PEriopoda Lioy, 1864 ; oniata Meig. Parhomalomyia ^/^t;/, 1882; type? Fucellia Desv., 1841 ; fucorum Fall. Halithea Halid., 1838; fucorum Fall. Not Halithca Sav- ignv, 1817. Hammomyia Rond., 1877 ; albescens Zett. Leucophora Desv., 1830 ; albescens Zett. Not Leucophora Goldf. , 1820. Hydrophoria Y)k'A\ . , 1830; socia Yaia.. Hydrotcea Desv., 1830; dentipes Ya^k. Peronia Desv., 1830; ciiiata Fabr. Not Peronia Blain- VILLE, 1824. Onodontha Rond., 1856; pcnicillata Rond. Psiloptera Lioy, 1864; irrifans Meig. Not Psiloptera SoLiER, 1833. Microcera Liov, 1864 ; ciiiata Fabr. Not Microcera Meigen, 1803 ; nor Mann, 1830 ; nor Zetterstedt, 1842. 1-44 'Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi. Hylemya Desv., 1830 ; strigosa Fabr. ? Chloe Dcsv., 1830; silvicola Desv. Musciosoma Lioy, 1864 ; prcepoteiis Wied. Gastrolepta Lioy, 1864; coarctata Fall. Not Gastrolepta RoNDANi, 1862. ? Ocromyia Z/(r)', i2>6^ ; pallida Macq. Neurorta Lioy, 1864 ; grisea Fall. ? Cosmostyla Z/t'j', 1864; rupi7'enlris Macq. Pachystoma Z/Vy, 1864 ; Jlar'ipenuis Fall. Not Pachystoma Guild, 1828; nor Alb. 1850. Hylephila Rond., 1877; buccataYMJL. Hyporites Fokoniy, 1893 ; inontatiits Schiner. Prosalpia Z'^^Xv/v/v, 1893; mm^-ois, Zett. Lasiops M'^iQ.., 183S; IiirticcpsYwA.. Thricops Ro/id., 1856; anf/ioiiiyini/s 'R.O'U'D. Tricophthicus -/?^v/('/. , 1861 ; anllwmyim/s KoyB. Rhynchotrichops 6'r////(7/'/, 1889; acy^li-ipe's Zett. Leucomclina Macq., 1850 ; pica Macq. LimiiophoraDESX., 1830; type? Melanochelia 7?^>;/^/., 1866; surda Zett. Z/>/^ Latr., 1796; tentaculata De G. Myoda Lamarck.^ 1816 ; tentaculata De G. Lispocephala Pokorny, 1893 ; alma Meig. Macrorchis^o^V). , 1877 ; meditata Fall. Mycophaga Rond., 1856; fiaigofum De G. Eutrichota Kinuarz, 1S93 \ inornata Loew. Mydcea Desv., 1830 ; pagana Fabr. YtW'x^d. Desv., 1830; urbana Meig. Aricia Desv., 1830; ii/ipuiicta Fall. Not Aricia Savigny, 1817. Helina Desv., 1830 ; pertusa Meig. Mydina Desv., 1830 ; qiiadntm Fabr. ? Eginia Z>^'i-?'. , 1830; cylindrica Desv. ? Potamia Z>'4^(?/, 1882 ; type? Myopina Desv. , 1830; niyopina Fall. Ophyra Desv., 1830; leucostoina Wied. PegomyaY)'S.?>\., 1830; hyoscyami V h.'^z. ? Egeria Desv., 1830; type? Not £'^'-(?/'/(zRoissy, 1805; nor Dumeril, 1806; nor Leach, 1815. ? Nerina Z^^j-?;., 1830; type? ? Adia Desv., 1830 ; oralis Desv. ? Phorbia Desv., 1830; type? ? Aminta Z>,?j-e'. , 1830; type? ? Delia Desv., 1830 ; type ? ? Zabia Desv., 1830; longipes Desv. ? Phorcea Desv., 1830 ; type? ? Chlorina Z?^j-z'. , 1830 ; type? "i Mg^x'xdi. Macq., 1835; type? Not MgeriaYw^v.., 1808. Chortophila Macq., 1835 ; sepia Meig. Botanophila Z/fT)^, 1864; varico/or M.'e.ig. Gymnogaster Lioy, 1864 ; dissecta Meig. Not Gyinnogastei Gronov., 1754; nor Dejean, 1833; nor Blanch., 1851. ? Trigonostoma Lioy, 1864; frontalis Macq. Not Trigonos- /A ^'l ^ ._. ^^ r*r-\i ^ A X'/ I i 1 n.-5^ M, 3 S rssi PP A ssy i V 2 K-A :! /^^ ! ?\ ^•^ r*"--- v\ // ^~v^ 5/ ' * ' 0 1 2 1 <3 ]( 1 * 1 « 1 * !-:" » ->^ <1 N , «,' 0 ] ♦ 5 J s._ f'-^ - — . T 2 ' S I t-Vr^ hi •.0 • V t, wn7iH4n-i44_. 1 < \. J N ^7^^"^"^ ■^ 1 •te^ D - TTT- :ytr » / • / - 'O] ?~i:^ — t—-~L 1 / 1 >- '^ "- °oji J ' 7^ /c „ I r o a/ 3 0 / / Jo 1 1 7 1 JOURNAL jOpiD ]9opk Qntomologiffll Horiptg* \^ol. IX. DECEMBER, 1901. No. 4. CATALOGUE OF THE DESCRIBED TRANSFOR- MATIONS OF AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA. By William Beutenmuller. The present Catalogue was prepared by me some years ago, but for obvious reasons the publication of the same has been delayed, and it is possible that a number of titles may have been added since or that some have been omitted. A number of New Zealand species are also included, RHOPALOCERA. Ornithoptera priamus var. pronomus Gray. 1885— Larva, chrysalis. G. F. MattJic-u. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., VoL X, p. 262. 1887 — Larva, chrysalis. G. F. Matt/iew. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. , p. l68. Food-plants : Ipomaa, Aristolochia. Papilio capaneus West. 1887- — Life-history (col'd figs.). G. F. J\faUhezu. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. I, p. 179 (as F. indicatiis Butl.). Food-plant : Citrus. Papilio erithonius Cramer. 1S57 — Larva, chrysalis. Ilorsejield ^ Monre. Cat. Lepid. E. I. C, Vol. I, 1857, p. 105, pi. Ill, fig. 6. 1887 — Life-history (brief). G. F. Matt/ieza. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lpnd., pt. I, p. 169. Food-plant : Salvia. Papilio macleayeanus Leach. 1888— Larva! stages (figs.), chrysalis (brief). A. S. Olliff. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 358. 1889 — Lana, chrysalis (brief). A. S. Ollijf. Austral. Butterflies, p. 36. Food-plant : Orange. 148 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. Papilio eurypylus vai. lycaon ll\-s/-i>. 1SS7 — Life-history. G. J-'. Ma/l/iew. Trans. EiU. Soc. Lond., pi. I, p. 177. 1889— Larva (brief). ./. S. OUiff. Austral. Butterflies, p. 35. Food-plant : Custard apple [Ano/ia). Papilio ulysses L/m/. 1855 — Larva, chrysalis. Clieiiii. Ency. Nat. Hist. Papillons, p. 35. Papilio enactus MacL. 1SS7 — Life-history (col'd figs.), G. F. Mattluw. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lend., pt. I, p. 176. l88g — Larva, chrysalis. H. lyrou. Insect and Fungi Pests, Queensland (Rep. Dept. Agricul., p. 105). Food-plant : Orange. Papilio sarpedon Linn. 1863 — Larva, chrysalis (fig. ). /. G. IVood. Nat. Hist., p. 509. 1874 — Larva, chrysalis. J. G. Wood. Insects Abroad, p. 569. 1880 — Larva, chrysalis. J. G. Wood. Insects Abroad, p. 569. 1888— Larval stages. A. S. Olllff. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 357, pi. 20 (^var. choredon, Field). 1889 — Larva, chrysalis. .7. S. Olliff. Austral. Butt., p. 35(var. choredon, Field). Food-plant : Camphor Laurel. Papilio agamemnon Linn. 1857 — Larva, chrysalis. Horsefield o"^ Moo>-e. Cat. Lepid. E. I. C, Vol. I, p. I (4, pi. Ill, figs, 9 and 9rt. Papilio aegeus Don. 1887 — Life-history (2 and 3 moults not described). G. F. Matthew. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lend., pt. i, p. 172. 1888— Larva, chrysalis (brief). A. S. Olliff. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 359. 1888— Larva (brief). C. C. Britllebank. Vict. Nat., Vol. V, p. II6. 1888— Larva (brief). ./. S. Olliff. Austral. Butt., p. 34. 1889 — Larva, chrysalis. H. Tyron. Insect and Fungi Pests, Queensland Dept. Agricul., p. lo5. 1890 — Larval stages. Hy. Ediaavds. Vict. Nat., Vol. VII, p. 20. Food-plants : Orange, Xanthoxyliiiii. Elodina angulipennis Lucas. 18S7— Egg. G. F. MatthezL). Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. I, p. 155. Food-plant : Capparis nohilis. Terias hecabe LJnn. 1891 — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). G. Semper. Reisen in Archipel. der Phillippinen, Vol. V, p. 255, pi. B, fig. 4. Pieris teutonia Fahr. 1887 — Life-history (col'd figs.). G. F. Matthezo. Trans, f^nt. Soc. Lond., pt. I, p. 155- 18S7— Larva, chrysalis. /. G. O. Tepper. Card, and Field, Vol. 13, p. 80. Dec, 1901.] BeUTENMI'LLER : AUSTRALIAN LkPIDOPTF.RA. 149 iSgo — Egg, young larva, chrysalis. Ily. Edwards. Vict. Nat., Vol. VII, p. 20. Food-plant : Capparis niitiJwIlii. Pieris scyllara MacL. 18SS — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). G. F. Alatf/u-w. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 155 (as 7'. latilimbata^. Delias nigrina Fair. 1SS9 — Larva, chrysalis { figs. ). A. S. OUiff. Austral. Butterflies, p. 28. Food-plant : l.oranthits. Delias aganippe Don. 1S7S— Larva, chrysalis (col'd tigs.). F. McCoy. Prod. Zool. Vict., Vol. I, Decade I, p. 37, \A. 10. 1S87 — Larva, chrysalis. /. (/'. O. 'Feppc. Gard. and Field, Vol. XIII, p. So. Food-plants : Loraiithiis, Exocarpiis. Delias harpalyce Bojt. 187S — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). F. McCoy. Prod. Zool. Vict., Vol. I, Decade I, p. 2,2,, pi- 9- 1889— Larva (brief). A. .S. Olliff. Austral. Butterflies, p. 28. Food-plant : Loraiithus. Catopsilia pyranthe Linn. 1S91 — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs. ). G. Semper. Reisen im Archipel. der PhiUippinen, Vol. V, p. 25S, pi. B, tig. 5. Food-plant : Cassia fistula. Catopsilia scylla Li)in. 1857 — Larva, chrysalis (fig.). Horsjield d~ Mojre. Cat. Lep. E. I. C, pi. I, fig. 6, p. 58. Food-plants : Various species of Cassia. Catopsilia gorgophone Bdv. 188S— Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). G. F. Mattheiv. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. I, p. 158. Food-plant : Cassia. Danaus chrysippus Linn. 1SS6 — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs. ). G. .Semper. Reisen in Archipel. der Piiillippinen, Vol. V, p. 16. 18S8— Larva. /. 6'. O. Zi//,';- (quotes Kirby). Gard. and Field, Vol. XIII, p. 91. Food-plant : Asclepias. Danaus plexippus. 1888— Larva. /. G. 0. Tepper. Gard. and Field, Vol. XIII, p. 91. Food -pi ant : Milkweed. Euploea corinna McLeay. 1890— Chrysalis. Hy. Edwards. Vict. Nat., Vol. VII, p. 22. Food-plant : Oleander. 150 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. Melanitis leda Linn. 1888 — Life-history. G. F. Matthew. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. I, p. 137. Food-plants : Grasses, Cladium, etc. Epinephele abeona Don. 1S88 — Life-liistory (col'd figs.). G. F. Matthew. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. I, p. 141. Food-plant : Cladinin. Acr£ea andromacha Fabr. 1887— Larval stages (Excl. Egg.). Chrysalis (col'd figs.). G. F. Matthew. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. J, p. 143. 1888— Larva, chrysalis (brief). A. S. Olliff. Ann. ]\Lig. Nat. Hist., p. 359. 1889 — Larva (brief). A. S. Olliff. Australian Butterflies, p. 13. Food-plant : FassifforaeecE. Pyrameis kershawi McCoy. 1888— Larva (brief). /. G. O. Temper. Card, and Field, Vol. XIH, p. 91. 1890 — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.), f. J/eCof. Prod. Zoology Vict., Dec- ade 20, Vol. II, p. 3, pi. 198. 1890— Chrysalis, //y. Ed'wards. Vict. Nat., \'ol. VIII, p. 150. Food-plants : Conipositct — Cryptosteiniiion calandiilacea. Pyrameis itea Fal>r. 1SS7 — Life-history (col'd figs.). G. F. Matthc7v. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. I, p. 145. 1890 — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). /". McCoy. Prod. Zool. Vict., Decade 20, Vol. II, p. 361, pi. 198. Food-plant : Witica. Junonia vellida Fabr. 1887 — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). G. F. Mattheio. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. I, p. 146. Food -plants : Batatas. Rhinopalpa sabina Cram. 1888 — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). G. Semper. Reisen im .Vrchipel. der Phillippinen, V, p. 24, pi. a, fig. 7. Doleschallia herrichia Btttl. 1 887 — Life-history (col'd figs.). G. F. Matthew. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. L P- 147- Hypobolimnas bolina Linn. 1857 — Larva, chrysalis (figs.). /". Moore. Cat. Lep. Ins. Mus. E. I. C, I, pi. V, fig. 9. 1873 — Larva, chrysalis (figs.). G. Semper. Journ. Mus., Godefifroy, II, pi. 8, fig. 6 and 7. 1881 — Larva. F. Moore. Lep. Ceylon, I, p. 58. 1886 — Chrysalis (fig. ). Kingsley (quotes Semper). Trans. N. Zeald. Inst., Vol. XVIII, p. 203 (as //. neritta). Dec, I90I.] BeUTENMULLER : AUSTRALIAN LePIDOPTERA. 151 1887 — Life history. G. F. Maltheiv. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 149. 1888 — Egg, larva, chrysalis. G. F. Matthnv. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 150. 1888 — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). G. Semper. Reisen in Archipel. der Phillippinen, Vol. V, p. 130, pi. a, fig. 9. Food-plants : Laportia, Sitfa rlionibifolia. Hypobolimnas misippus Linn. iSSi — Larva, chrysalis (figs.). F. Moore. Lep. Ceylon, I, pi. XXIX, fig. I. 1888 — Larva, chrysalis. G. Semper (quotes Moore). Reisen in Archipel. der Phillippinen, V, p. 129. Food-plants : Portnlaca, AbntUon, etc. Charaxes sempronius Fabr. 1889— Larva (fig.). A. S. Olliff. Australian Butterflies, p. iS. Food-plants : Acacia brachiton, Camphor tree. Mynes geoffroyi Gnerin. 1S74 — Chrysalis (note on). /K //. Miskin. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 239. Lampides cnejus Fabr. iSSl — Larva (col'd fig.). F. Moore. Lep. Ins. Ceylon, Vol. I, pi. 37. Lampides phaseli Math. 1SS9 — Larva. G. /•'. Mattlieivs. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. II, p. 311. Food-plant : Lcguminosce. Lampides alsulus H. Sch. 1S90 — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). Austral. Lepid. and Transf., Vol. II, p. 10, pi. 12. (Edit. Olliff and Ford.) Food-plant : Indigofera aiistralis. Lycaena lulu Math. 1889 — Larva, chrysalis. G. F. Matf/iews. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. II, p. 313- Food-plant : LeguminoscE. Lycaena boetica Linn. 1855 — Larva, chrysalis. Chenu. Ency. Nat. Hist. Papillous, p. 206. 1S81 — Larva. F. Moore. Lepid. Ceylon, Vol. I, p. 93. 18S2 — Larva. Blackburn. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 31. 1886 — Larva (col'd figs.). W. L. Distant. Rhoph. Maylayana, pi. 20, p. 230. 1882-6. £890 — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). Austral. Lepid. and Transf., Vol. II, p. 10, pi. 12. (Edit. Olliff & Ford.) Food-plant : S7oainsonia, etc. Holochila absimilis Feld. 1890 — Larva, chry.salis (col'd figs.). Scott. Austral. Lepid. and Trans., Vol. 11, p. 9, pi. 12. (Edit. Olliff & Ford.) Food-plants : Wistaria, J\obinia, etc. Holochila heathii Cox. 18SS — Larval stages, chrysalis. G. F. Matt/ieto. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. I, p. 151- 152 Journal New York Entomological Society. [vm. ix Holochila erinus Fabr. 1S90 — Larva, chrysalis (coTd figs.). Scott. Austral. Lepid. & Transf. , Vol. II, p. 9, pi. 12. (Edit. Ford & Olliff.) lalmenus evagoras Do7t. 18SS — Larval stages. G. F. Matthew. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. I, p. 15 v 1S89 — Larva, chrysalis (note on). F. G. A. Barnard, ^'ict. Xat., Vol. V. p. 168. 1890— Chrysalis. Hy. Fchunrds. Vict. Xat., Vol. VII, p. 22. Food-plant : Acacia dealbata. Ogyris genoveva He^u. 1S83 — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). IV. H. Miskiii. (Quotes G. Barnard in lit.) Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 343. 1889— Larva (brief). A. S. Olliff. (Quotes Miskin.) Austral. Butterflies, p. 24. Food- plant: Loranthus. Netrocoryne repanda Fcld. iSSS — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). G. F. Matthetv. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. I, p. iSl. 1S90— Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). Austral. Lep. and Transf., Vol, II, pi. 14. (Edit. Ollift" & Ford.) Food-plant : Eugenia. Pamphila phineus Cr. 1888— Life history. G. F. Matt/ic7u. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. I, p. 179. 1890 — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). Austral. Lepid. & Trans., Vol. II, ])1, 14 (Edit. Olliff & Ford.) Food-plants : Various species of palms. Pamphila bambusae .^foorc. 1890 — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). G. Semper. Reisen im Archipel. der Phillippinen, Vol. V, pi. 13, fig. 11. Apaustus agraulia Hew. 1888— Larva, chrysalis (figs.). A. S. Olliff. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 360. Food-plant : Conch-grass. Trapezites symmomus ///'. 1888— Life-history. G. F. Matthew. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. I, p. 183. Food-plant : Cladiinii, etc. Hesperilla picta Leach. 1889 — Life history (col'd figs.). G. F. Matthew. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. I, p. 185. Food-plant : Cladiiiin marisciis. Hesperilla ornata Leach. lSSiii. Nat. Hist. Lepid. Ins. N. S. Wales, pi. 15. 1854 — Larva. E. Walker. Cat. Lepid. B. Mus. , pt. II, p. 507. Food-plant : Lichens. Lithosia bicolora Bdv. 1888 — Larva, pupa. J. G. O. Tepper. Gard. and Field, Vol. XIV, p. 2. Food-plant : Senecio hypoleiicns. Utetheisa pulchella Linn. 188S— Larva (brief). /. 6-. O. Tepper. Gard. & Field, Vol. XIV, p. 2. Food-plant. Erectliite.f aro-i^la. Mosoda anartoides IFalk. 1886 — Larva (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 729. Food-plant : Lichens. Metacrias erichrysa Meyr. 1886 — Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 750. 1890— Larva (^brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. N. Zeald. Inst., Vol. XXII, p. 216. Food-plant : Senecio bellidioides. Ardices fulvohirta Walk. 18S8 — Larva. J. G. O. Tly^/^;- (quotes Guest in lit.). Gard. & Field, Vol. XIV, p. 37. Spilosoma obliqua Bdv. 1S90— Egg. Hy. Ehvards. Vict. Nat., Vol. VII, p. 24. Teara tristis White. 1822 — Larva, cocoon (col'd tigs.). J. IV. Lewin. Nat. Hist. Lepid. Ins. N. S. W., pi. 8. 1888 — Larva and habits. /. G. O. Tepper. Gard. and Field, Vol. XIV, p. 25. Food-plant : Pultenea viliosa. Dec, igoi.] BeUTENMULLER : AUSTRALIAN LePIDOPTERA. 157 Aglaosoma variegata IFaU-. 1864— Larva, pupa (col'dfigs. ). ScoU. Austral. Lepid. and Transf. , p. 15, pi. 5 (^s A. /ai'f/a). (Enosanda boisduvalii Avrcw. iSSS— Larva and habits. /. C7. O. Tepper. Gard. and Field, Vol. XIV, p. 13 (as LE. diiponchelii). Food-plant : Eucalyptus leucoxylon. Cebysa f elder! Scott. 1S64 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). Scott. Austral. Lepid. and Transf., p. 29, pi. 9. Cebysa conflicteila Walk. 1864 — Larva, pupa (col'dfigs.). Scott. Austral. Lepid. and Transf. , p. 29, pi. 29 (as Qi.cina scottii). Apina callisto ]Vull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., \'ol. V, p. 72 (as Rhinogene calligainma^. Pinara cana Walk. ? iSSS — Larva, cocoon. J. G. O. 7\ppcr. Card, and Field, ^'ol. XIV, p. 13. Dec, igoi.] BeUTENMULLER : AUSTRALIAN LePIDOPTERA. 161 Endoxyla d'urvillei U.S. iSjg — Larva, pupa, cocoon (cord tigs.). /'. McCoy. Prod. Zool. Vict., Vol. I, P- 47, pl- jO' iSgo — Larva, pupa, cocoon (col'd figs.). C. Fretic/i. Charts Destruct. Ins. Vict, (as E. acacicc). 1891 — Pupa. U\ Bcittfiimullcr. BulL Am. Mus. Nat. Hi.st., VoL V (as E. cine re a ) . Ptilomacra senex Walk. iSSS— Larva (note on). /. G. O. Tepper. Gard. and Field, Vol. XI\', p. 52. Discophlebia catocalina Feld. 1S91 — Cocoon, pupa. //'. JSciifciniiii/Ier. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. V, p. 71. CEnetus lignivorus Lewin. 1822— Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). /. //'. Le7viu. N. H. Lepid. Ins. N. S. \V., pl. 16. 1858 — Larva (col'd figs.). M. P. Diiiunii (quotes Lewin). Nat. Lihr., Vol. XXXII, p. 107, pl. 8. 1S64 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). Scotf. Austral. Lepid. and Transf., p. 5, pl. 2 (as C". 7'ciiitstii). 1S73 — Larva. Scott. Trans. Ent. Soc. N. S. W., Vol. I, p. 29. Food-plants : Casnanna, Eiiciihpttis, Callistejiion, Dodoiuva, etc. (Enetus virescens Dbl. 1873— Larva. Scott. Trans. Ent. Soc. N. S. W. , Vol. II, p. 28. 1879 — Larva and habits. C. II. Gosset. Trans. N. Zeal'd In.st., Vol. XI, P- 347- 1S85— Life-history. A. Hoffmann. Stett. Ent. Zeit., Vol. XLVI, p. 315. 1890— Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XXII, p. 21 1. 1890— Larva. F. Stccl. Vict. Nat., Vol. VII, p. IIO. Food-plants : Olca apatcla, Aristotelia raccmosa and Lepto spernniDi (in trunks). CEnetus splendens Scott. 1864 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). Scott. Austral. Lepid. and Transf. , p. 6, pl. 2. 1873 — Larva. Scott. Trans. Ent. Soc. N. S. W., Vol. I, p. 31. 1889 — Larva (note on). J. G. O. Tcppcr. Garden and Field, Vol. XIV, p. 100. Food-plant : Casiiarina. CEnetus eximius Scott. 1S73 — Larva. Scott. Trans. Ent. Soc. N. S. W., Vol. I, p. 35. 1890 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). Austral. Lepid. and Transf., Vol. II, p. 8, pi. II. (Edit. 011iff& Ford.) Food-plant : DoJoncra angusti/olia. CEnetus scotti Scott. 1873 — Larva (note on). Scott (quotes Ramsay). Trans. Ent. Soc. N. S. W., Vol. I, p. 35. Food-plants : Nettle-tree, Wistaria. 162 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vui. ix. CEnetus lewinii JValk. 1873— Larva. Scott. 'Irans. Ent. Soc. N. S. W., Vol. I, p. 3I. Food-plant : Castiarina. CEnetus ramsayii Scott. 1S73— Larva. Scott. Trans. Ent. Soc. N. S. \V., Vol. I, p. 32. Food-plants : Aciiiciia, Alectryon, etc. Pielus labyrinthicus Don. 1864 — Larva, pupa (col' d figs.). .SVy/A Austral. Lepid. and' Transf. , p. 11, pi. 4. 1889 — Egg larva, pupa, case. J. G. O. Tcpper. Garden and Field, Vol. XI\', pp. 100 and 137. 1889— Larva (brief). E. Mcyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W.,pp. 11 and 35. Food-plant : Eucalyptus. Porina signata Walk. 1873 — Larva, pupa (brief). R. IV. E'creday. Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., Vol. V, p. 290 (as Pielus viriolaria (juen.). 1877 — Larva, pupa. F. W. Iluttoii. Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., Vol. IX, p. 356 (as Porina vaHolaris). Food-plants : Roots of plants. Porina umbraculatus Gucn. 1873 — Larva, pupa (brief). R. IV. Fereday. Trans. N. Zeald. List., Vol. V, p. 290. Food-plant : Roots of grass (as Pielus uiiibraculatics). Abantiades hyalinata//:-^. 1889— Larva (note on). F. Mcyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. II35 (as Pielus hyalinatus^. Food-plants : Roots of grasses. Zelotypia stacyi Scott. 1887— Larva, pupa. A. S. Olliff. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 467. 1887— Larva (note on). A. S. Olliff. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 499 (var. sinuosa). Food-plants. Bombyx? lewineae Lew. 1S22 — Larva, cocoon (col'dfigs. ). J. IV. Lewin. Nat. Hist. Lepid. Ins. N. S. W., pi. 6. Food-plant : Eucalyptus. Agrotis infusa Bdv. 1889 — Life-history. H. Tyron. Rep. Ins. & Fungi Pests. Queensland, Dept. Agricul., p. 215. Food-plants : lucerne, etc. Agrotis vastator Scott. 1873 — Larva. Scott. Trans. Ent. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. I, p. 41. Agrotis spina Guen. 1890 — Larva, pupa (col'dfigs). C. French. Charts Dest.' Ins. Vict. Dec, I90I.] Beutenm Ciller : Australian Lepidoptera. 163 Prodenia littoral is Bdv. 1889 — Larva, pupa. //. Tyron. Rep. In.s. & Fungi Pes'.s, (^)ueenslan(l, Dept. AgricuL, p. 227. Heliothis peltigera //. /'. 1889 — Life-history. //. Tyron. Rep. Ins. & Fungi Pests, Queen.sland, Uept. AgricuL, p. 1S9. 1889 — Larva (note on). //. Tyron. Rep. Ins. & Fungi Pests. ()ueensland, Dept. AgricuL, p. 150. Food-plants : Corn, Passion-fruit. , Heliothis armigera /////'. 1873 — Larva, puiia (brief). R. W. Fereday. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., VoL V, p. 291. 1890— Larva (fig. ). A. S. Olliff'. AgricuL Gazette, N. S. W., VoL 1, p. 126, pl. 3- ' ' 1900 — Larva, pupa (coLd figs.). C. French. Handb. Dest. Ins. Victoria, Pt. Ill, p. 49, pL XL. Leucania, .sp. 1889 — Life-history. //. Jyron. Rep. Ins. & Fungi Pests. Queensland, Dept. AgricuL, p. 225. Dasypodia selenophora Giu-n. 1879 — Larva, pupa, cocoon. W. Colenso. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst. , Vol. XI, p. 300. Thalpochares coccophaga Mtyr. 18S6— Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W.,p. 1035. 1889 — Larva (note on). H. Tyron. Rep. Ins. & Fungi Pests, Queensland, Dept. AgricuL, p. 126. Feeds on Coccidic Othreis fullonica Linn. 1SS5 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). F. Moore (c^uotes N. S. Ward). Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., Vol. II, p. 66. Argadesa materna Linn. 1SS5 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). F. ALoore. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., Vol. II, p. 75, pl. 12, tig. 4. 1889 — Larva, pupa. //. Tyron. Rep. Ins. & Fungi Pests, Queensland, Dept. AgricuL, p. 102. Food -plants: Orange, ALonospermnm glabratiiin, etc. Maenas salaminia Cratn. 1881 — -Larva, pupa (brief). F. ALoore. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., Vol. II, p. 72, pl. 12, fig. 3 and 6. 1889 — Larva, pupa. //. Lyf-ofi. Rep. Ins. & Fungi Pests, Queensland, Dept. AgiicuL, p. 102. 1890 — Larva, pupa (coPd figs). Austral. Lepid. & Transf. , Vol. II, ]>. 6, pl. II (Edit. Olliff & Ford). Food-plants : Orange, Sarcopetaluvi, Alonosperiniun glabratttm. 164 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voj. ix Mamestra composita Gucn. 1873 — Larva pupa. R. IV. Fereday. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. V, p. 291. 1S87— Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XIX, p. 22. Food-plants : Various species of grasses and cereals. Mamestra ewingi. ifjoo — Larva (col'd fig). C. French. Handb. Dest. Ins. Victoria, Pt. Ill, p. 75, pi. XLVI, fig. 2, 3. Hadena lignifurea Walk. 1877 — Larva, pujia. /'. IV. Hiilton. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. IX, p. 357. Plusia eriosoma Dbl. 1)581 — Larva, jnipa. IV. L. Biiller. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XIII, p. 238. Food-plants : Geraniuin, etc. Euple.xia insignis Walk. (?). 1S77 — Larva. F. W. Ihitton. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. IX, p. 356. Food-plants : Clematis, Aristotelia. Eucrostis argocrana Mey. 1S88— Larva (brief). T. P. Lueas. Vict. Nat., Vol. V, p. 26. Food-plant : Flowers of asters. lodis illidgei Lucas. 1889— Larva (brief). T. P. Lucas. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 604. Food-plant : Duboisia myoporoides. lodis insperata ]Valk. 1887— Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 897. Food-plant : E.xocarpiis ctipressiforviis. Monoctenia vinaria Guen. 1SS9 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. \V., p. 1206. DJchromodes orectis Mey. 1889— Larva. E. Meyritk. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 1 183. Food-plants : Myrtacece. Prionophora ruptella Mey. 1879 — Larva, pupa (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. \V.,p. 209^ Food-plant : Casitarina. Thalassodes pieroides Walk. 1 889 — Larva, pupa. //. Tp'oii. Rep. Ins. & Fungi Pests. Queensland Dept. Agricul., p. 155. Food-plant : Vitis. Mnesampelia privata Guen. 1900 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). C.Lvenc/i. Haiulb. Dest. Ins. Victoria, Pt. Ill, p. 55, pi. XLI. Cidaria deltoidata JValk. 1890 — Larva. E. Meyrick (quote and Button in lit.). Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst. Vol. XXII, p. 220. Food-plants : Plantago, etc. Dec, I90I.] BeUTENMULLER : z\USTRALIAN LkPIDOPTERA. 165 Hyberni i boreophilaria Gtien. 1S77— Larva. /'■. W. IliiUon. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. IX, p. 357. Larentia corcularis Guen {?). i877_Egg (brief). F. IF. Htitton. Tran.s. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. IX, p. 358. Larentia semisignata Walk. 1S77— Larva. F. \V. JItitton. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. I.X, p. 357. Food-plants : Riintcx, etc. Anchmis composita Guoi. 1877— Larva. F. 11'. Hitlton. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. IX, p. 357. Food-plants : Grasses. Hippolyte rubropunctaria Dbl. 1SS4— Larva. F. Meytirk. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XVI, p. 60. Food-plants : Haloragis nlata. Epyaxa rosaria Dbl. 1S86— Egg, larva, pupa. A. Purdie. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XVIII, p. 20S. Asthena subpurpureata Walk \%-l'j — Larva. /". //'. Ilittton. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. IX, p. 357. Food-plant : LcptosperDuiiii ericoides. Coremia robustaria Walk. (?). 1877— Larva (brief). F. IV. Hutton. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. IX, p. 358. Food-plant : Leptosptrnmiii scopariiint. Coremia inamoenaria Ghch. 1S77— Egg (brief). /: W. lliitlon. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. IX, p. 35S. Eupithecia indicataria Walk. (?). 1877— Larva. F. W. Hutton. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. IX, p. 35S. Food-plant : Clematis indivisa. Declana floccosa Walk. (?). 1877 — Larva, pupa. F. W. Hutton. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. IX, p. 356. F^ood-plant : Aristoielia and Ulex. Lyrcea alectoraria Walk. 1890 — Larva. F. JMeyrick. Trans. N. Zeal'd In.st., Vol. XXII, p. 220. Food plant : Pitto.poruin eiigtnioides. Lyrcea hemipteraria Gucn. 1890— Larva. F. Mcyrick. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XXII, p. 220. Ceroprepes almella Mtyr. 1878— Larva. F. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 211. F'ood-plant : Exocarpus cuprt'ssi/ojinis. Centropseustes astrapora Meyr. 1889— Larva. F. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 1106. Food-plant : Melaleuca i^eiiistifolia. Ephestia interpunctella lib. 1878 — Larva (note on). F. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 216. Feeds on maize and other cereals. 166 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. Ephestia elutella IJb. 1S78 — Larva (note on). /:. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 215. Feeds on various donieslic substances. Ephestia sericaria Scott. 1879 — Larva (note on). E. Ahyriik. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 235. iiyphantidium sericarium Scott. 1859 — Larva, pupa (col'd tigs. ). Scott. Proc. ZooL Soc. London, p. 207, pL 61. Epicrocis terebrans O/Uff. 1S90 — Larva, pupa (tigs.). .S'. A. Olliff. Sidney Mail, Feb. 22. 1890 — Larva, pupa (figs.). .S". A. Olliff. Record Aus. Mus., \"ol. J, p. 34, pL 2. Foad-plants : Red cedar and other plants. Achrosea grisella. 187S — Larva (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. \V., p. 216. Food : Bees' wax. Galleria mellonella Zm«. 187S — Larva (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 216. Feeds on wax in beediives. Schoenobius imparellus Mey. 1878 — Larva (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 117. Food-plant : Junctis prismatocarpiis. Aphonia latra Zell. 1879 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyriik. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 239. Food-plant : Xant/iorrkcea hastilis. Conogethes punctiferalis Guen. 1889 — Egg, larva, pupa. H. Tyroii. Ins. and Fungi Pests, Queensland. Dept. Agric, p. 76. Food-plant: Peach, dahlia, corn, etc. (in stems). Heliostibes atychioides Mey. 1889— Larva (fig.). G. V. Hudson. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., \'ol. XXI, p. 189, pi. 8. P'ood-plant : LeptosperDiuni. Scoparia minusculalis Walk. 1S85— Larva. E. Meyri-k. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XVII, p. 83. F"ood-plant : Mosses. Mecyna deprivalis Walk. 18S9— Larva. E. Meytitk. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst, Vol. XXII, p. 188. Food-plant : Sophthora. Diptychophora elaina Mey. 1883 — Larva. E. Meyrick. (Quotes Fereday in lit.) Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst. ' Vol. XV, p. 18. Food-plant : Mosses. Dec, 1901.] BeUTENMULLER \ AUSTRALIAN LePHJOPTERA. 167 Scenoploca petraula AAy. 18S3 — Larva. A'. Meyrick. Tians. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XV, p. 10. Food-plant : Lichens. Sceliodes cordalis Dbi. 1S89 — Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. (Quotes Hudson in lit.) Trans. N. Zeald. Inst., Vol. XXI, p. 187. Food-plant : Soldiiiiin aviculare (in fruit). Caccecia responsana. 1891 — Larva (col'd figs.). C. I-'renc/i. Handb. Dest. Ins. Vict., p. 67, pi. 5. Food-plant: Apple (in fruit). Cacoecia postvittana ll^aik. 18S1 — Larva, Dupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. , 503. 1890— Larva, pupa. (([uotes Meyrick). Agricul. Gaz. N. S. \V., p. 8, Vol. I. Food-plants : Correa, Grevih'ea, etc. Cacoecia australana Le-w. 1822 — Larva, pupa (coLd figs.). J. JI'. Lewin. N. Hist. Lepid. Ins. N. S. W., pi. 17. 1881 — Larva. E. Meyrick (quotes Lewin). Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. \V., p. 487. P'ood-plant : Ei)tbothrium speciocissimufu. Tortrix concordana Meyr. 1S81 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. , p. 519. Food-plant : Hihbertia linearis. Tortrix indigestana Meyr. 1881 — Larva (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. X. S. \V. , p. 520. Food-plant : Hibiicrlia linearis. Tortrix amaenana Walk. 1881— Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. , p. 511. Food-plant : Monoctoca scoparia. Eupselia satrapella Meyr. 1880 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. , p. 221. Food-plant : Eucalyptus. Ereunetis iuloptera I\Ieyr. 18S0— Pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 261. Palieostoma styphelana I\[eyr. 1881 — Larva, pupa. /,'. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 423. I'ood jilant : Eucahptus. Arotrophora arcuatalis Walk. 1881 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 531. Food -plant : Banksia serrafa. Arotrophora xythopterana Meyr. 1881 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W'., p. 536. Food -plant : Loniatia silaifolia. "168 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. Antithesia phyllanthana Afeyr. 1881 — Larva (note on). £. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 642. Food-plant : PhyllantJnis. Palaeobia anguillana Mcyr. iSSi — Larva (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W , p. 663. Food-plant : Cori-ea speciosa. Palaeobia hibbertiana Meyr. iSSi — Larva, pupa. E. Miyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p 666, Food- plant : Hibbcrtia vohibilis. Strepsiceros ejectana Walk. 1881— Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc, N. S. W., p. 682. 1883 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XV, p. 63. Food-plants : Lept'ospenmim , and other Myrtaceae. Strepsiceros macropetana Meyr. iSSi — Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 684. Food-plant. Eucalyptus. Strepsiceros fluidana Mey. 1881 — Larva (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 687. Food-plant : Leplospeniniin. Holocola thalassinana Meyr. 1881— Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 673. Food-plant : Leptospermitiu Icrvi^a/inii. Holocola triangulana Meyr. 1881— Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., Vol. V, p. 706. Food-plant : Acacia decurren;. Taractrocera papyria Bdv. 188S— Pupa. /. O. Tepper. Card. & Field, Vol. XIII, p. I16. Pood -pi ant : Acceiia. Eudemis botrana Schiff. 1S81 — Larva (note on), /s. APeyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 650. 1889— Larva (brief). H. Tyron. Rept. Ins. & Fungi Pests, Queensland, Dept. Agricul., p. 156. Food-plant : Grape. Carpocapsa pomonella Linn. 1887— Larva and habits (f^g.). /. O. Tepper. Gard. & Field, Vol. XIII, p. Si. 1889 — Life history. H. 73'?w« (quotes various authors). Rept. Ins. and Fungi Pests, Queensland, Dept. Agricul., p. 44. 1890 — Larva, pupa (figs). A. S. Olliff. Agricul. Gazette N. S. W., \'ol. I, p. 6, pi. I. 1890 — Larva, pupa (note on). F. C. Christy. Vict. Nat., Vol VI, p. 164. 189I — Larva, pupa ( col' d figs). C. /''renck. Ilandb. Dest. Ins. Vict., p. 45, pi. 2. l8gi — -Larva (fig.). C. French. Charts Dest. Ins. \'ict Food-plant: Apple (in fruit). Dec.igoi.] BeUTENMULLER : AUSTRALIAN LePIDOPTERA. 169 Cacoecia alopecana ^fey. 1SS5— Larva. E. Meyriik. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst, Vol. XVII, p. 148. Food-plant : Phyllocladus a^pinus. Caccecia exessana IValk. 18S3 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. 15, p. 49. 1SS9— Larva (fig. ). G. V. Hudson. Tran.s. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XXI, p. 190, pi. 8. Food-plants : Lepfospermiim^ Panax athorcum. Adoxophyes conditana Walk. 1SS3 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyiick. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XV, p. 41. Food-plant : Genista. Paedisca privatana IValk. 1877 — Larva. E. IV. Hutton. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. IX, p. 358. Food-plants : Various shrubs. Psedisca obliquana IValk. 1883— Larva. E. Meyrick. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XV, p. 61. Food-plants : A'lanex, Veroniea, Lonicera, etc. Pyrgotis plagiatana Walk. 1883 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XV, p. 39. Food-plant : Oak. Semiocosma platyptera Rleyr. 1890 — Larva. E. Meyrick (quotes Hudson in lit.). Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XXII, p. 220. Food-plant : Elicocarptts dcntatus. Tinea vivipara Scott. 1866 — Larva, case (fig-). Scott. Trans. Ent. Soc. N. S. W., Vol. I, p. -^i. Feeds on woolens, flannel, etc. Tinea tapetzella Linn. 1857 — Larva, case. Chenn. Ency. Hist. Nat. Papillons, Vol. II, p. 2S9. 1859— Larva. //. T. Stainton. Brit. Butt. & Moths, Vol. II, p. 290. 1859 — Larva. Humphi eys. Gener. Brit. Moths, p. 167. 1864 — Larva, cocoon. Jaeger. Life N. Am. Ins., p. 186. lS72^Larva, cocoon (figs.). Fignier. Insect World, p. 280. 1874 — Larva, cocoon (figs.). A. S. Packard. Half-hours with Insects, p. 311. 1S91 — Larva, pupa (figs.). C. E'rench. Charts Dest. Ins. Vict. Tinea cossuna Lew. 1S22 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). J. W. Lezvin. N. Hist. ' Lep. Ins. N. S. W., pi. 18. Feeds on decayed wood. Tinea granella Linn. 1900 — -Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). C. French. Handb. Dest. Ins. Vict., Pt. Ill, p. 129, pi. LV. 170 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. Tinea biselliella Ifwn. Tinea pellionella Linn. Choreutis bjerkandrella Thunb. 1880 — Larva (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Www. See. N. S. W., p. 216. Food-plant : Cnicits, etc. Simaethis sycopola Meyr. 1880 — Larva, pupa. E. Mtynck. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. , p. 212. Food-plant : I'lciis stipulata. Cryptophaga immaculata Scoti. 1S64 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). Scott. Austral. Lepid. Transf., p. 9, pi. 3- Food-plant : Banksia integrifolia. Cryptophaga rubescens Lcwin. 1822 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). J. W. Lezvin. Nat. Hist. Lepid. Ins. N. S. W., pi. 12. 1S5S — Larva, pupa. J. Duncan (quotes Lewin). Nat. Libr. , Vol. XXXII, p. 121. 1890 — Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 35. Food -plant : Acacia longi/oHa. Cryptophaga unipunctata Don. 1S90 — Larva, pupa. //)'. Ediuards. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 300. 1890 — Larva, pupa. Hv. Edtvards. Insect Life, Vol. Ill, p. 384. 1891 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). C. French. Handb. Dest. Ins. Vict., pt. I, p. 113, pi. XIII. Food-plants : Apricot, apple, plum, quince, etc. (in branches). Cryptophaga pultenaeae Leiuin. 1822 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). J. IV. Lnvin. Nat. Hist. Lepid. Ins. N. S. W.. pi. 13. 1858— Larva, pupa. J. Duncan (quotes Lewin). Nat. Libr., Vol. XXXII, p. 121. 1890 — Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 39. Food -plant : Pitltenita villosa. Cryptophaga delocentra Meyr. 1890 — Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 39. Food-plant : Ceratopetalwn gwnniiferum. Cryptophaga stochastis Meyr. 1890 — Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 31. P'ond-plant : Hakea. Cryptophaga hierastis Meyr. 1890 — Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 30. Food-plant : Hakea. Cryptophaga lurida Meyr. 1890 — Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 37. Food-plant : Eucalyptus viminalis. Dec, igoi.l BeUTENMCIJ-ER : AUSTRALIAN LePIDOPTERA. 171 Cryptophaga epadelpha Mtyr. 1890— Larva (brief). K. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 37. P'ood-plant : Tiistania conferla. Cryptophaga bipunctata Scott. 1S64— Larva, pupa (col'tl figs.). Scott. Trans. Austral. Lepid., p. 9, pi. 3. Cryptophaga do'erastis Mcyr. 1890 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 30. Food-plant : Banksia. Cryptophaga leucodelpha Meyr. 1890— Larva (brief). Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 35. Food-plant : Casttarina. Cryptophaga baJteata Walk. 1S90— Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 38. Food-plant : Eucalyptus. Cryptophaga irrorata Lewin. 1S22— Larva, pupa (col'dfigs. ). /. W. Lewin. Nat. Hist. Lepid. Lis. N. S. W., pi. 10. 1858— Larva, pupa (figs. ). /. Duncan. Nat. Libr., Vol. XXXII, p. 117, pi. 10. 1890 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 34. Food -plant : Trunks of Casuarika. Cryptophaga albicosta Lewin. 1822 — Larva, pupa (col' d figs. ). / IF. Le7vin. Nat. Mist. Lepid. Ins. N. S. W., pi. II. 1858 — Larva, pupa. /. Duncan. Nat. Libr., Vol. XXXII, p. 119. 1864— Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). Scott. Austral. Lepid. Trans., p. 8, pi. 3. 1890— Larva. E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. },},. Food-plants : Banskia, Callicoma, etc. Cryptophaga strigata Lewin. 1S22— Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). /. IV. Lewin. Nat. Hist. Lepid. Ins. N. S. W., pi. 14. 1858— Larva, pupa. /. Duncan (quotes Lewin). Nat. Libr., Vol. XXXII, p. 122. Food-plant : Banksia serrata. Cryptophaga spilonota Scott. 1S64 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). E. Myrick. Austral. Lepid. Trans., p. 10, pi. 10. 1890 — Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 35. Food-plant : Banksia serrata. Macrobathra argonota .^feyr. 1885 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 811. i'ood plant : .Acacia myrtifolia. Macrobathra desmotoma Meyr. 1885 — Larva, pupa. /:'. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 807. Food-plant : Acacia decurrens. 172 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoLix. Macrobathra leucopeda J/n'i: 18S5 — Larva, pupa. 7s'. JMcyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S W., p. 813. Food-plant : Acacia discolor. Macrobathra ceraunobola Meyr. 18S5 — Larva (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. , p. 819. P'ood-jilant : Acacia glaiic sceiis. Macrobathra rhodospila Mcyr. 1885 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. S15. Food-plant : Acacia siiaveoliis. Macrobathra myriophthalma Meyr. 1885 — Larva (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 822. Food-plant : Acacia piibesccus. Macrobathra alternatella Meyr. 1885— Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W.,p. 812. Food-plant : Polybotlirinni forinositw . Macrobathra chrysotoxa Meyr. 1885 — Larva, pupa. /:. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 804. Food-plant : Acacia deciirrens. Macrobathra nephelomorpha Meyr. 1885 — Larva (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 821. P'ood plant : Acacia decurrens. Macrobathra porphyrea Meyr. 1885 — Larva (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 820. Food-plant : Acacia niyrtifolia. Macrobathra anemodes Meyr. 1885 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 820. Food-plant : Acacia. Zonopetala decisana Meyr. 1888 — Larva, cocoon. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 1682. Food-plants : Lichens. CEcophora scholeea Meyr. 1899 — Larva. E. Meyrick (quotes Hudson in lit.). Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XX n, p. 200. Food : Roots of trees ? CEcophora pseudospretella St. 1884 — Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XVI, p. 34. 1886 — Larva (note on K E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 782. Feeds on furs, skins, etc. Philobota bimaculana Don. 1888— Larva, pupa (brief). .S". A. Olliff. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 360. Food-plant : Eucalyptus. Lichenaula lichenea Meyr. 1890 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 49. Food-plant: Lichens. Dec, 1901.] Beutenmuller : Australian Lepidopteka. 173 Lichenaula tuberculata Meyr. 1890 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 51. Food plant : Crcnvca sa/ignn. Lichenaula undulatella Walk. 1890 — Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 47. Food-plant : Acacia dccnrrens. Lichenaula choriodes Meyr. 1890— Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 50- Food-plant: Lichens. Machseritis sallignes Meyr. 1SS6 — Larva, case. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 768. Food- plant : Lichens. Palparia lambertella Wing. 1849 — Larva (col'dfig.). IV. Wing. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., Vol. XVII, p. 105, pi. XIV. Palparia micrastrella Meyr. 1882 — Larva (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 434. Food- plant : Exccarpiis cupressiformis. Palppria aurata Meyr. 1888— Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 1681. Food-p)lant : Ettcalypttis. Palparia uncinella Meyr. 1881— Larva, cocoon. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 1681. Food-plant : Eucalyptus. Ocystola tyranna Meyr. 1884 — Larval case. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 1069. Food-plants : Eitcalyphts. Ocystola pyramis Meyr. 1884 — Larval habits. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 1074. Food-plant : Eucalyptus. Ocystola callista Meyr. 1S84 — Larval case. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 1068. Food -pi ant : Eiicahptits. Ocystola hemicalypta Meyr. 1S88 — Larval case. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 1689. Food-plant : Eucalyptus. Heliocausta serva Meyr. 1888— Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 16S2. Food-plant : Eticaly/^tus. Heliocausta incarnatella Meyr. 1888— Larva, pupa (brief). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N, S. W., p. 1682. I'ood -plant : Eucalyptus. 374 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. lieliocausta eudora .lAyr. lS86 — Larva, pupa. Jt. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. .Soc. N. S. W., p. 831. Food-plant : Etualyptus leucoxylon. Heliocausta paralyrgis Aleyr. 18S3 — Larva (brief). E. Meyrick (quotes Guest). Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 480. Food-plant : Eiirnlyphis. Heliocausta hemiteles Meyr. 1883 — Larva. 7s'. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 476. Food-plant : Eucalyptus lercticornis. Heliocausta elseodes Mtyr. 1883 — Larva, ]uipa (brief). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. , p. 475. Food-plant : Eucalvptm. Satrapia thesaurina Meyr. 1885— Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. X. S. W., p. 824. Food-plan t : Eucalyptus. Peltophora argutella ZelL 1884 — Larva (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 727. Food-plant : Moitotoca elliptica. Machferitis calligenes Meyr. 18S6— Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 768. Coeysra dichroella Zell. 1884 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. .Soc. N. S. W. , p. 767. Qracillaria linearis Bull. 1,^89 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Trans. N. Zenl'd Inst., Vol. XXI, p. 148. l'"o<>cl-|ilant : Cariaria of various species. Qracillaria cenopella Meyr, 1880 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 141. I'ood-plant : TetrcDithera ferruginea. Qracillaria tricuneatella Meyr. 1880 — Larva, pupa. E. Aleyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 147. Food plant : Typha latifo ia. Qracillaria c£enotheta Meyr. 1S80 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W.,p. 149. Food-plant : Telopea speciosissinia. Qracillaria argyrodesma Meyr. 1SS2 — Larva, jnipa (brief). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W.,p. 195. I'ood-iilant : Grevillea linearis. Qracillaria chionoplecta Meyr. 1882 — Larva, pujja. E. Meyick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 196. ]'V)od-])lant : l^hcbaliuni dentalunii Qracillaria didymella Meyr. 1882 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. \V., p. 198. Food plant : Acacia longifolia. Dec, igoi.] BkUTENMCLLER : AUSTRALIAN LePIDOPTERA. 175 Qracillaria ida J/nv . 1882 — Larva, pupa. R. Mcvrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 196. Food-plants : Eucalyptus piperita. Qracillaria toxomacha Meyi-. 1SS2 —Larva, pup;t. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. \V., p. 198. P'ood-plant : P/iltt'iKra. Qracillaria alysidota J/iyr. 1SS2 — Larva, pupa (brief). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 198. Food-plant : Acacia iongifo/ia. Qracillaria thalassias Meyr. 1880 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. \V., p. 159. Food-plant : Lcptospcrnnini Iccvii^atuni. Qracillaria caiicella .SV. l88o — Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 15 r. Food-plant : Eucalvptiis. Coriscium ochridorsellum Meyr. 1880 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W.,p. 167. Food -plant : Phyllanthus ferdinandi . Bucculatrix eucalypti Meyr. 1880 — Larva, pupa. E. J\Peyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. \V., p. 180. Food-plant : Eucalyptus. Lithocolletis aglaozona Meyr. 1882 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 200. Food-plant : Deiinodiuvi. Phyllocnistis diaugella Meyr. 1880 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 17J. Food-plant : Euphorbia ipartnauui. Erechthias acontistes Meyr. 1880 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 267. Food-plant: Xa)ithorrhaea australis (in seed-heads). Erechthias mystacinella. 1891— Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). C. French. Handb. Dest. Ins. Vict., p. 57, pi. III. Food-plants: In stems of apple. Stegommata sulfuratella Meyr. 1882 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 201. Food-plant : Banksia integrifolia. Telecrates parabolla Walk. 1890 — -Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., p. 64. Food plant : Cones of Banksia. Telecrates laetiorella JJ'alk. 1890— Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. .S. Austr., p. 63. Food -plant : Eucalyptus. 176 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. Uzucha humeralis IVn//:. 1S90 — Larva, pupa (brief). E. Mc-yric/c. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., p. 26. Food-plant : Eucalyptus bark. Tymbophora peltastis Meyr. 1S90 — Larva. E. Mjyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc S. Austr., p. 57. Food-plant : AiiL^ophora lanceolata. Catoryctis subparallela Walk. 1S90 — Larva (brief). E. Mcyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., p. 43. Food-plant : Casitarina. Scieropepla typhicola Meyr. 1890 — -Larva. /:. Mcyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., p. 69. (''ood-plant : Typlia angiis/ifolia. Lita solanella Bdv. 1879 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 112. 1889 — Life-history. H.Tyron. Rep. Ins. & Fungi Pests. Queensland, Dept. Agricul., p. 175. 1892 — Egg, larva, pupa (figs.). C. V. Riley. Insect Life, Vol. IV, p. 239. 1893 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). C. French. Handbook Inj. Ins. Vict., p. I47> pl- 33- Food- plant : Potato. Xylorycta synaula Meyr. 1890 — Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., p. 59. Food-plants : Hakea. Xylorycta strigata Le-w. 1890 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., p. 59. Food -plants : Banksia, Lainbcrtia. Xylorycta luteotacte'la Walk. 1890 — Larva. /:'. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., p. 61. Food-plants : Banksia and other Proteace(£. Eneemia caminsea Meyr. 18SS— Larva (brief). .S'. OlUff. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 361. Food -plant : Eucalyptus. Plutella cruciferarum Zell. 1889 — Life-history (brief). //. Tyron. Rep. Ins. & Fungi Pests, Queensland, Dept. Agricul., p. 170. 1893 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs). C. French. Handbook Inj. Ins. Vict., p. 157, pl- 34- Food-plant : Cabbage. i883— Larva, pupa. .S'. Olliff'. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 361. Food-plant : ^Eli^riceras fragrans. Batrachedra arenosella Walk. 1889— Larva. E. Meyrick. Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., Vol. XXI, p. 181. Food-plant : Junctis. Dec, I90I.] Dyar : Larv.k OF Three Mosquitoes. 177 Callicotis crucifera J/tyr. 1S89 — Larva. £. Meyrick. Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., Vol. XXI, \,. 170. Food -plant : Ferns. Limncecia phragmitella St. 18S0 — Larva. /•,'. Afeyruk. Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., Vol. XXI, p. 173. Food-plant : Typha angustifolia. Proteodes carnifex Butl. 1884— Larva. E. Meyrick. Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., Vol. XVI, p. 7. Food-plant : Fagits .uiliindii. Nymphortola galactina Feld. 1884— Pupa (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., Vol. XVI, p. 6. Food-plant : Myrtits bicllata. Addenda. Teia anartoides Walk. 1900 — Life-history (col'd figs.). C. Freiic/i. Handb. Dest. Ins. Victoria, I't. Ill, p. 95, pi. XLVIII. Food-plant: Golden Wattle {^Acacia pyciian/ha), and other species of Acacia. Pieris teutonia Fain: 1900 — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs. ). C. French. Handb. Dest. Ins. Victoria, Pt. Ill, p. loi, pi. XLIX. Food-plant : Capparis spinosa. Zeuzera eucalypti Boisd. 1903 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). C. French. Handb. Dest. Ins. Victoria, Pt. Ill, p. 107, pi. L. Food-plant : Acacia decurrens. Antherea eucalypti Scott. 1933 — Fgg, larva, cocoon (col'd figs.). C. French. Handb. Dest. Ins. Vic- toria, Pt. HI, p. 113, pi. LI. Food-plant : Eucalyptus. Danima banksise Lcio. 1903 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). C. French. Handb. Dest. Ins. Victoria, Pt. Ill, p. 121, pi. LIII. P'cod-plant : Honey-suckle {Banksia'). DESCRIPTIONS OF THE LARVAE OF THREE MOSQUITOES. By Harrison G. Dyah, Ph.D. (Platk X, Figs. 1-3. ) The larYaj here described have not been i)reviously iUustrated. Prof. J. B. Smith has written considerably on the habits of the first 178 Journal New York Entomological Society. [voi. ix. one (see Howard, Mosquitoes, pp. St, to 90, and P^nt. News, XII, 93, 125, 189, 220 and 254), but they were at first incorrectly identified as Culex pungens. I am indebted to Prof. Smith for examples of the larvK. The other species were found and bred by myself. Aedes smithii Coquillett. (Plate X, Fig. i.) Head rounded, pentagonal, flattened ; eyes very small, round, black ; * mouth brushes large, but not long ; antennae small, slender, the tuft imperceptible, end hairs small ; pale brown, weakly but dis- tinctly and uniformly colored; widest part of the head just behind the eyes, then gradually narrowing to antennae ; colorless, transparent, the thicker parts brownish. Thorax quadrate, a little wider than long, rather squarely angled, the three segments incised roundedly and equal ; lateral hairs long, equal, the anterior and dorsal ones very small. Abdomen slender, submoniliform, segments equal ; lateral hairs long on all the segments, the hairs diminishing in number, but not in length posteriorly; subdorsal tufts short, of three or four hairs. Lateral comb of the eighth segment a single row of stout teeth. Air- tube shorter than two abdominal segments, moderate, narrowed at the tip, with two rows of hairs on the upper and two on the lower aspect. Anal segment short, funnel-shaped, with two large inflated processes as clear as glass, reaching as far as the end of the tube and containing fine tracheal branches ; subdorsal, lateral and subventral tufts of long hair terminally; no ventral brush. LarvK from the leaves of the pitcher-plant (^Sarraccuia'), New Jersey. Culex territans Walker. (Plate X, Fig. 2.) Head large, flattened, squarely rounded, broad ; antennre large, long, the tuft at the outer third and well developed ; distinctly white centrally, blackish at base and tip, appearing banded ; eyes black, large, transverse, pointed inwardly; translucent, pale luteous ; mouth broadly brown. In some a shade or distinct black band across vertex of head. Thorax short, wide, at maturity swollen like a thick ring, green or greenish ; abdomen slender, uniform ; anal segment as long as the seventh abdominal, with four slender finger-like processes ; dor- sal paired tuft and ventral brush normal, long ; air-tube very long and * In some specimens, a brown- black dotted shade extends from before the eye upward and backward, making the eye look to be transverse. Dec.iyoi.] DyaR : LiFE-HlSTORV OF URANOTiENlA SaPPHIKINA. 119 slender, with tufts of fine hair. Abdomen colorless or greenish, cen- tered by the dark alimentary canal and silvery tracheal tubes; hair tufts on the sides gradually smaller posteriorly ; lateral comb of the eighth abdominal segment a patch of fine spines about three rows wide. In a spring pool, a small lake and a transient fresh-water marsh, Heliport, New York. Culex confinis Lynch. (Plate X, Fig. 3.) Head round, flat, narrowed before ; eyes large, transverse ; pale brownish, dark brown on the vertex ; antennae long, slender, uniform, the outer two-thirds black, tuft at the middle, small, often folded and invisible ; three end hairs and a spine ; mouth brushes normal. Thorax moderate, rounded, bulbous. Abdomen cylindrical, thick, the segments only slightly bulging, gradually a little smaller pos- teriorly. Hairs rather abundant in subequal tufts, short, scarcely any more than two-thirds the width of the thorax in length, less visible posteriorly. Air tube brown, subfusiform, about three times as long as wide with a double pecten below, normal ; side combs of the eighth abdominal segment with a {&\\ teeth only, each with a dentate plate- like base \ last segment longer than wide, brown ringed ; double dorsal tuft rather short, the ventral brush also short but extending over nearly the whole ventral line of the segment. Anal processes slender, incon- spicuous. Found in a muddy puddle of rain water by the banks of the canal near Cabin John, Maryland. THE LIFE-HISTORY OF URANOTiENIA SAPPHIRINA O. S. By Harrison G. Dyar, Ph.D. (Plate XI, Figs. 1-4.) This mosquito is not common nor troublesome. The species is the only one of its genus at present known from North America. The larvae occurred in a cold stream which was formed into a large pool by a dam and in a warm marshy pool. They occurred sparingly dis- tributed and were not abundant. Both places were permanent bodies 180 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. of water and contained aquatic plants, Lemna, Spirogyra, etc. The water was somewhat stagnant. The locality was at Bellport, on the south shore of Long Island. The eggs form a boat-shaped mass float- ing on the surface of the water, much as in Culex pungens, but the mass is smaller, containing a less number of eggs and is less regularly elliptical, more angular. It floats less on the surface, the middle eggs being nearly half submerged. The sculpture and color of the individual eggs also are different. The newly hatched larva at once takes up the usual feeding position. This is essentially as in Culex, but the body is held more flatly, more parallel to the surface, yet be- low the surface film. Consequently, though feeding as Culex, the larvffi resemble Anopheles at a casual glance and were several times at first mistaken for them. The larvae are fond of resting below the leaves of the Lemna, where they remain with the air tube penetrating the surface film and feed, often with a rotary motion of the body on the air tube as an axis. Occasionally they bend up to feed at the sur- face. They are not timid and often a considerable commotion of the water is necessary to send them to the bottom. The head may be partly rotated on the neck, but the habit is not so completely devel- oped nor so frequent as in Anopheles, which regularly feeds with the head inverted. It has an elongate, dark brown head with a contrast- ing pale body, the hairs of the anterior abdominal segments markedly longer than those of the succeeding ones. Of the local species (at Bellport), it most suggests the species of Anopheles, as above noted. ' The long anterior hairs assist in the deceptive appearance. There seem to be four larval stages, the last three being essentially alike, except for the successively larger size. This is shown best by the head, as in Lepidopterous larvae. The head gradually becomes paler, being black in the young larva and brown in the large ones. The pupa resembles that of Culex, but is very small and has unusually long air tubes. The species seems to breed continuously all summer, pre- ferring warm stagnant pools of some size, containing Spirogyra. It did not occur in the marshes which were well filled with larvae of Culex sylvestris and C. sollicitans. The figures of the accompanying plate were drawn by Mrs. Perle N. Knopf from fresh specimens immediately after collection. I am indebted to Mr. D. W. Coquillett for verifying my determination of the species. Egg. (Fig. I.) — Erect, the micropylar end down, closely placed, Dec, igoi.] Dyar : LiFE HisTORY OF Uranottenia Sapphirina. 181 but not appressed, forming a triangular mass about 2 mm. in di- ameter. Egg elongate cylindrical, bluntly rounded at the large (mi- cropylar) end, smooth without central elevation, tapering consderably to the small end ; smooth, the terminal fourth roughly granular with large projecting granules. Dark brown, shading to black on the apical fourth. Stage I. (Fig. 2.) — Head rounded elliptical, flattened, smooth, with four coarse, black set^ on the lower part of the face as in the mature larva ; antennae long, divergent, rather thick with the middle tufts very small. Black, paler above the mouth ; eyes black ; width about .2 mm. Thorax short, wide, flattened; abdomen slender, seg- ments submoniliform, subequal ; anal segment twice as long as wide, cylindrical, weakly chitinized, the four anal finger-shaped processes about half as long as the segment ; terminal hairs in a tuft above and in a Jong brush below as usual. Air tube moderate, cylindrical, slightly tapering, blackish chitinized, about four times as long as thick. Hairs of the thorax long, equal ; those of abdominal segments i and 2 similar ; of segment 3 somewhat shorter and then successively shorter, those of segments 7 and 8 only about one-third as long as those of the first abdominal, but all similar hair tufts, differing only in length. Lateral combs of segment 8 distinct, but without as strong a plate as in the adult larva. Stage II. — Head about .3 mm. wide ; at first pale with a dark shade above, but soon turning black. Hairs of the thorax and first two ab- dominal segments long, black ; the rest of the hairs short and stellate as in the mature larva. Stage III. — Width of head about .4 mm. Other characters as in the last stage, but the head more blackish. Stage IV. (Fig. 3.) — Head ovate, longer than wide, proportion- ately small, pointed before, the antennae moderate, divergent. All brown black ; width .6 mm. Thorax enlarged laterally, not annular, flattened to the size of the abdomen dorso-ventrally. Abdomen uni- form, tapering a little posteriorly ; last segment moderate with the usual four anal fingers. Eighth abdominal segment bearing the air tube, which is rather short, not longer than two segments, widened at the tip by four, distinct, flattened teeth, as long as the width of the tube. Lateral comb a large plate with a row of stout teeth on the posterior edge. All yellowish subopaque, the alimentary canal dark, edged by the silvery tracheal tubes. Hairs black, the thoracic ones 182 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. equal, long, those of the first two abdominal segments also long ; but the rest very short and inconspicuous, stellate. Dorsal tufts and ven- tral brush of anal segment long. Pupa. (Fig. 4.) — Essentially as in Culex. Thorax and cases forming a large elliptical mass, round which the slender, distinctly seg- mented abdomen curves, bearing a pair of anal paddles. Segments dorsally tufted with stellate hairs and some small tufts about the eyes and between the i)rothoracic air tubes. Tubes long, slender, uniform in width, not flared, but slightly bent in the middle, about twelve times as lone: as wide. NOTES ON SOME SPIDERS OF WALCKENAER, KOCH, AND OTHERS. By Nathan Banks. The descriptions of new species in Walckenaer's Insectes Apteres fall into two classes : descriptions based on specimens, and descrip- tions based on figures. The former class are undoubtedly valid and I intend to accept them wherever I can apply them. Descriptions of figures, however, I hold, have no claim on the naturalist. Not only are they based on figures, but the figures have never been published. Many of the descriptions are sufficient for identification, but most are not. But no matter how complete, they are not descriptions of spi- ders ; but of figures of spiders. They rank with " hearsay evidence." I shall not use them nor list them ; I shall ignore them. The species Walckenaer described from specimens are usually marked with an "M," indicating, as he states, that the specimen was in the Paris Museum. In a few cases the type was in his own collection. In the following pages I have tried to identify such species that were de- scribed from the United States. The second volume of the "Apteres' ' bears date of 1837, it should be as late as 1842 since there are refer- ences in it to 1841. A number of species described by C. L. Koch in " Die Arachni- den " from the United States have never been identified by later arachnologists. Most of them can be easily placed ; a few are still doubtful. Dec, igoi.] BWRS: NoTKS ON SOME Sl'lDKRS. 18o I have added notes on a few other spiders, principally on some of Keyserling's Attidae, few of which have been noticed by current writers. Species from Wai.ckenaer. Attus morsitans JValc/^., I, p. 432, 1837. ^V'alckenaer says "I have described this species after an individ- ual of the collection of Bosc." There is no other indication that Bosc had a collection, or that Walckenaer saw it. All the other spe- cies referred to Bosc are certainly based wholly on the Bosc MSS. In the preface where Walckenaer speaks of Bosc's MSS. he does not say a word of any specimens. So I do not believe that Walckenaer ever saw the spider which he named Attits morsitans. Attus milberti IVa/ck., I, p. 433, 1837. Specimen taken by Milbert in New York ; it is a synonym oi Marp- tiisa undata De Geer. Attus cunctator Walck., I, p. 433, 1837. Appears also to be Marptiisa undata. Attus signatus Walck., I, p. 434, 1837. Type from New York. Cannot place it, unless it is a young speci- men of Pltidippus rufus Hentz. Lycosa rabida JFalck., I, p. 320, 1837. This is evidently ^A'cosa scutulata Hentz, and has priority. Lycosa avida Walck., I, p. 322, 1837. This is plainly X.xcosa conununis Emerton ; Z. sagitta Hentz is probably the same species. Lycosa mordax Jl'alck., I, p. 321, 1837. Described from a specimen from New York. Probably the young of either Z. carolinensis Hentz or of L. nii^nnrntris Emerton. Abbott's figures doubtless refer to a difTerent species, Z. lenta Hentz. Lycosa milberti Walck., I, p. 336, 1837.- Apparently Z. carolinensis Hentz, and has priority ; tyi)e is from New York. Lycosa sayi Jl'alck., I, p. 337, 1837. .Ajjpears to be the same as the preceding in spite of what Walckenaer 18-4 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. says. The type is from New York, and there are not two species of this appearance in that vicinity. Lycosa helluo Walck., I, p. 337, 1837. Plainly Z. nidicola Emerton [Z. />aiiiiioh>>ii Blackwall]. Type is from New York. Z. riparia Hentz is practically identical, but this southern form may prove to be separate since it is always more plainly marked. Trochosa 7ui/ra Koch is the same species. Lycosa gulosa IVa/ck., I, p. 338, 1837. Apparently the same as the preceding ; locality is given as " Amer. septent." Lycosa tarantula carolinensis IJ'alck., I, p. 285, 1837. This is Z. atroiinefisis Hentz, and has place priority over Z. milbcrti and Z. sayi. Lycosa tareiitiiloides philadelphiaua Walck. is based on a figure found on a plate in the Journ. Philad. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, pi. 5. There is no description in that work. Linyphia argyrodes ]Valck., II, p. 282, 1842. According to Walckenaer the description is taken from a specimen in his collection that came from either Guadeloupe or Algeria. It certainly is not the Argyrodes frigouion Hentz, but appears to be Argyrodes nephilcE Taczanowski (Hor?e Soc. Ent. Ross., IX, p. 114, 1872), and has priority. Epeira cauta W'ahk., II, ]). 35. From New York. It is indeterminable, may be Epeira sclopetaria, or E. domicilionim young. Epeira benjamina Walck., II, p. 42. The type is from Martinique ; it is probably not E. domiciliorum to which McCook refers it. Epeira graduata Walck., II, p. 48. From New York. Appears to be Epeira insularis Hentz without any doubt. The male is described from Abbott's figures, and comes first, so it is the type. Epeira circulata Jfd/ck., II, p. 79. Walckenaer says he describes it from a specimen in his collection. He records it from several Southern localities. Apparently the young of Z". Imlaustina McCook. Dec, igoi.] Banks: Notes on Somf. Spiders. 185 Epeira jaspidata Walck., II, p. 59. His description is based on Abbott's figures, so is not of value, but he gives as a synonym Epeira !^^/[i,''as of Leach (Zool. Miscell., II, 132). All Leach says as regards locality is, "I suspect this gigantic Epeira to be a native of North America." Leach's description and figure are poor, but sufficient, I think, to indicate that he had a large Epeira insularis Hentz before him. He figures the patellae dark only at tip ; this suits E, i/isii/aris, but not E. frifolium. The shape of the body shows it not to be E. domiciliorum. Thus, by elimination, it must be Epeira insularis Hentz. The species will stand as follows : Epeira gigas Leach. E. gigas 'LY.Kcn, Zool. Miscell., II, p. 132, pi. 109, 1815. E. jaspidata Walck., Apteres, II, p. 59, 1842. E. insularis Hentz, Jour. Bost. Soc. N. H., V, p. 470, 1850. E. obesa Hentz, Jour. Bost. Soc. N. H., V, p. 471, 1850. E. annulipes Giebel, Zeitschr. f. Ges. Naturwiss., XXXIII, p. 250, 1869. E. conspicellaia (Walck.) McCook, Amer. Spid., Ill, p. 143, 1893. Species from C. L. Koch. Corinna amoena Koch, Die Arachn., IX, p. 21, 1842. This is plainly the same as Hcrpyllus ornata Hentz, and has five years' priority. Corinna cingulata Koch, Die Arachn., IX, p. 22, 1842. This is Keyserling's Castancira hivittata, and, of course, has prior- ity. Corinna tricolor AW//, Die Arachn., IX, p. 24, 1842. Appears to be a species distinct from anything described by later authors ; I have a form which agrees with it from near Washington, D. C. Koch's descriptions in this genus are very good for the time and far superior to those of Hentz ; his figures are fully as good. Walckenaer (Apt., IV, p. 561) puts these species in the genus 6/^a- rassus f Thomisus luctans Koch, Die Arachn., XII, p. 63, 1845. Plainly Xysticus quadrilineatus Keys., and, of course, has priority. The type comes from Pennsylvania. 186 Journal Nkw York Entomological Society. [VoMx. Pachygnatha tristriata Koch and P. xanthostoma Kocli. These are as McCook has them in his Amer. Spiders, Vol. III. The types are from Pennsylvania. Dolomedes scapularis Kocli, Die Arachn., XIV, p. 119, 1848. This is Hentz's Z). sexpunctatiis, a young male; Hentz's name dates from 1845. Type of Koch is from Pennsylvania. Dolomedes aerugineus Koch. The locality is given as "Amerika, " so probably not from the United States. D. hinotatus is given as from " Nordamerika." I cannot now place it ; apparently not Hentz's D. iirinator which also has two spots on the cephalothorax. Trochosa vafra Kocli, Die Arachn., XIV, p. 135, 1S48. This is plainly Lycosa nidicola Emerton, the L. hclliio of Walck- enaer, 1837. Locality is given as " Amerika. " Masvia sulphurea AV//, Die Arachn., XIV, p. 71, 1848. This is plainly the male of Wahx {A/ioka) mitrafiis Hentz. M. pallida Koch is the female of the same species, as Peckham states. Maevia tibialis Koch, Die Arach., XIV, p. 78, 1848. It is Peckham's Admestina tibialis, as I have previously stated, and has priority. Maevia aurulenta Koch, Die Arach., XIV, p. 84, 1848. It is the female of Iciiis elegans Hentz ; M. cristata Koch is the male of the same species as stated by Peckham. Maevia annulipes Koch, Die Arach., XIV, p. 80, 1848. 'This appears to be Astia vittafa Hentz ; M. peucillata Koch is the dimorphic male {^Attiis nigcr Hentz) of the same species, as noted by Peckham. Euophrys amabilis I\och, Die Arach., XIII, ]). 215, 1846. Not listed in Marx's "Catalogue." 'The type is from Pennsyl- vania ; it appears to be the young of Phidippiis niftis Hentz. Euophrys leucophaea Koch, Die Arach., XIII, p. 216, 1846. The specimen ( ^ ) comes from Pennsylvania ; it appears to be the Salticus borealis Blackwall, the Hasariiis hoyi Peckham, and should now be called Ei-gane leiicophcea (Koch). Dec, igoi.] BaNKS •, NOTES ON SOME SpIDERS. 187 Euophrys humilis Kocli, Die Arach., XIII, p. 217, 1846. It appears to be an immature specimen of Phidippus ri/fi/s Hentz, or some closely allied form. Phidippus auctus Koch, Die Arach., XIII, p. 148, 1846. This, in my opinion, is Phidippus iusolens Hentz ; Peckham has considered it identical with Philicus riiiiafor Walck. Phidippus testaceus Kodi, Die Arach., XIII, p. 160, 1846. Plainly Phidippus rufus Hentz. Phidippus electus Koch, Die Arach., XIII, p. 144, 1846, This is P. alhomaculatus Keyserling, and has priority. Phidippus concinnatus Kocii, Die Arach., XIII., p. 145, 1846. It is P. audax Hentz. Phidippus dubiosus and P. elegans Koch, Die Arach., Xlll, pp. 135 and 142, 1846, are both referable to /'. audax Hentz. Phidippus insigniarius Koch, Die Arach., XIII, p. 130, 1846. It is the male of P. iusoiens Hentz. Phidippus paludatus Koch, Die Arach., XIII, p. 149, 1846. Is a male of P. cardiualis Hentz. Phidippus personatus Kocli, Die Arach., XIII, p. 141, 1846. It is a young P. audax Hentz. Possibly some species referred to P. audax were based on P. uiiuiatus Peckham, but one cannot tell from these figures, but few of Koch's specimens came from far enough south to be the latter species. Phidippus castrensis Koch, Die Arach., XIII, p. 141, 1846. This is a male of P. rufus Hentz. Phidippus togatus Koch, Die Arach., XIII, ]). 129, 1846. This is plainly P. obscurus Peckham, and has priority. Phidippus carolinus Kocii, Die Arach., XIII, p. 136, 1846. I cannot now place this species, which appears to have some afifin- it)' with P. variegatus. 188 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. ix. Attid/E of Keyserling. Phidlppus purpuratus Keys., Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 1883, p. 489. The specimen from Maine must certainly be P. ai/dax Hentz. The Utah si)ecimen may be different. Phidippus albomaculatus Keys., ibid., p. 491. Appears to be P. mystacctis without doubt. Phidippus ruber Keys., ibid., p. 493. Peckham has considered this identical with P. nifiis Hentz ; I think it is certainly P. cardinalis Hentz, or the northern representa- tive of that species. Phidippus g:racilis Keys., ibid., p. 495. Appears to be P. obsciinis Peck., which is a synonym of P. togatiis Koch. Phidippus clarus Keys., ibid., p. 497. Belongs to the P. nifus group, and I think a true P. n/fi/s Hentz. Phidippus pulcherrimus Keys., ibid., p. 492. This is a good species ; I have it from Florida. Phidippus bicolor Keys., ibid., p. 496. This is a good species, and has been lately redescribed by Peck- ham under the names of P. arde/is and P. ealifoniinis. Wala albovittata Keys., ibid., p. 517. This is leiiis palinaniin Hentz. The genus is, I think, distinct, so that Anoka Peckham, proposed for a congeneric species, becomes a synonym of Jl'a/a Keyserling. Other Spiders. Ariadne rubella Keys., Amer. Spinn., Fam. Pholcid. Scytod., u. Dysderida;, 1877, p. 229. This name is omitted from Dr. Mark's catalogue; it is from New Orleans, and is the same as Hentz's Ariadne bieo/or. Singa maculata Emeiion. This name is preoccupied by Thorell in 1875 j ^ propose to call it S. truncata. Dec.igoi.] BeUTENMCLLER : LaRVA OF CaTOCAI.A ILl.KCTA. 189 Epeira incestifica Kns. This is without doubt the same as Epeira corficaria Etnerton. I have seen co-typical specimens. Epeira bucardia McCook. Typical specimens of this species prove to be Cyrtophoni californi- ensis Keys., an Epeirid very common on the West Coast. Larinia forata Keys., Die Spinn. Amer., IV, p. 295, 1893. Type is the same as type of Larinia nigrofoliata Keys. It is an Epeira as indicated by McCook in his plates, but not mentioned in the text. THE I.ARVA OF CATOCALA ILLECTA. By William BeutenmCller. Head pale violet gray, lower part yellowish ; four black, vertical stripes on each lobe in front, not reaching the top ; on the triangular frontal piece is also a black stripe, and one on the sides. On top are two black spots. Mouth part and antennae yellowish, semitranslucent. First segment above, including the cervical shield orange ; the latter with two black dots, closely together in front ; hind edge with black spots and three small ones on each side. Body tapering at the ends, smooth, without lateral fringes, and with black and sordid white trans- verse bands, giving the larva a very striking appearance. Below the spiracles is a broad white stripe narrowing towards the first and last segments. On each side of the body along the subdorsum are two orange spots, the anterior pair closer together than the posterior pair. On each of the second and third segments is a broad, orange, transverse band. Along the sides is a row of orange red spots enclosing the black spiracles. On the last segment all the spots become confluent. Anal plates orange red, marked with a little black. Thoracic feet black, semitranslucent, dull amber yellow inside. Abdominal legs black outside, with a shining black corneous plate on each ; pinkish inside. Underside of body with the transverse lines less defined ; the light ones pinkish. Anal legs orange. Length, 50 mm. Eood-plaiit : Honey locust (^Gleditschia iriacaiitlios). The larva in the previous stage is very similar to the last. Re- ceived from Mr. O. C. Poling, Quincy, Illinois. 190 Joi'RNAL New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. NOTE ON SESIA SIGMOIDEA. Bv Louis H. Joutel. The history and food-habits of Srs/a sigmoidra seem to be im- perfectly understood as Mr. Beutenmiiller in his monograph of the Sesiidse says of this species, " said to be found on willow, but we have no definite knowledge of its breeding in this plant," so that these few notes may be of interest. Having need of some willow leaves I brought home a (ew plants of Sa/i'x discolor and planted them in the garden. They were infested in part by the imported Cryptofhynihus lapathi which I killed. No- ticing some time after that a few of the branches were dying they were examined for more weevils, but instead a Sesia larva was found at work near the ground. A closer examination of the plants revealed several more larvse. These were left at work and examined from time to time to note progress. Late in August the larvpe pupated and shortly after produced Sesia sigmoidca. l.t^YLVK OF ISOCHyETES BEUTENMULLERI ON STATEN ISLAND, N. Y. By Louis H. Joutel. This beautiful larva was rather strangely discovered on September I, 1901, while collecting with Mr. Wm. T. Davis on Staten Island. We sat down by the side of a wood path to eat lunch, and while complaining of the lack of insects my attention was attracted to a bluish patch on the ground in front of me. While looking at it I thought that if 1 were in Florida or Washington I would take it (the patch) for a larva of /. heutenmiillerioi which Dr. Dyar had shown me examples. Finishing my lunch I decided to examine it, and was sur- prised to find that it was the cast-off horns of that species. We im- mediately looked overhead and discovered several larvae still feeding on the Qnercus palustris under which we were sitting. The recorded observations of this species other than the above are as follows : A single female (the type) taken by Wm. Beutenmiiller in Florida in 1887. Several larvse found by Dr. Dyar near Washington, D. C, in 1898 from which he raised a male. Dec.,i9oi.] Packard: A New Genus of Moths. 191 A SELF-DECORATING GEOMETRID LARVA. By Louis H. Joutel. While collecting beetles near Jamaica, N. Y., I noticed a little mass of sand and dirt moving about. Not knowing what it could be I picked it up, and in cleaning it 1 found a small Cieometrid larva ; not suspecting that the larva had decorated itself, but that it had been emeshed by a spider, I put the larva in a paper box, and was sur- prised on opening the same at night to find that it had bitten off small pieces of paper and fastened them to its body in place of the sand I had taken off. I then took off most of the paper shreds and placed it in a tin with leaves and the next morning it had a fine coat of green shreds on its back. Since then it has always added to its orna- ments as they were brushed off or lost. This habit is evidently a means of protection and an excellent one at that, as no one would ever suppose that the small mass of refuse contained a caterpillar. A NEW GENUS OF SPHINGICAMPID MOTHS ALLIED TO BUN^A. By a. S. Packard. This genus is proposed for Buncca pluediisa (Drury) and may be named LobobuiKxa in allusion to the slight lobe on the inner angle of the hind wings. This well known species inhabits western and central Africa. What other species of Biincea should be associated with it could not be stated until their venation has been examined. Un- fortunately I have only a male for examination, but the female is represented as very similar in form and markings. I regard Buncea alcynoe (Stoll) (/?. caffra Huebner) as the type of Bit/nea. Head wider than in BuncEa. Antennje not so wide as in Buncca, and the end is subfiliform, with very short pectinations for a distance nearly equal to width of the entire antenna ; joints .short and thick, two pairs of pectinations to a joint and those of the distal pair are as long as the basal ones. Palpi larger and longer than in Butura and the third joint reaches to the front, passing slightly beyond it. Thorax with a definite collar, the prothoracic squamation being more distinct than usual. Forelegs long and stout, tibia of $ with a naked, probably odoriferous, sack, like tha present in certain Deltoid moths, on the under side two-thirds as long as the tibia itself, and the scales separate from it, leaving it naked and easily seen from beneath. 192 Joi'RNAL New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. Forewings large and broad, costa straiglit on the basal half, but beyond much curved, so that the wing is falcate ; outer edge more deeply excavated than in Bunaa. Hind wings much more rounded at the apex and inner edge distinctly produced into a rounded lobe, which projects slightly inward. The hind wings do not reach the end of the abdomen, having nearly the same relative length as in Bunaa. \'enation : The present genus differs remarkably from BuncEa in Vem II j (first subcostal), arising opposite the middle of the discal cell, and within the origin of the common stalk of veins III,, IIIj (or subcostal branches 5 and 6). In the hind wings the discal cell is shorter and wider than in Buncea, and the hind edge of the wing is much more elongated, as also vein VII. There are minor differences in the venation, which can only be shown by figures. Markings : A very small half round transparent discal spot on the forewings ; on those of the hinder pair a very large ocellus, which is nearly opake, and larger than in Bunaa. The discal spots of both wings are represented beneath by a sort of rosette. THE l^P^^^VK OF HOMOPTERA EDUSA. By William Beutenmullrr. Head rounded, flat and concave in front ; pinkish and thickly covered with whitish markings in form of irregular spots and stripes which are contiguous ; on each side in front is a brown black, irreg- ular vertical band, on which are placed clusters of minute whitish dots on top. Body color whitish, thickly covered with black and fleshy brown irrorations, giving it a dark gray appearance. Along each side of the back is a broad, irregular shade line, and another on each side along the spiracles ; a bright orange mark above, on the junctions of the fourth and fifth segment, and a smaller one on the fifth and sixth segments. The eleventh segment is elevated, with two blunt tubercular-like processes, edged with pale ochreous. Tubercles small. Underside sordid white with pinkish dots and a black patch on each segment from the first to ninth, thence continued as a broad band to the last segment. Thoracic feet translucent white, marked with pink. Abdominal legs translucent greenish white, dotted with pinkish. The body gradually becomes wider towards the last seg- ments. Length, 55 mm. Fcwd plant : Willow. In general appearance this larva looks very much like that of a Catocala and may be readily known by the orange patches on the junctions of the fourth, fifth, and fifth and sixth segments. Dec.igoi.] Beutenmui.ler : On LonoisuN.+'.A Ph.kdisa. 193 NOTES ON THE EARLIER STAGES OF LOBOBU- NJEA PH^DUSA. By William Beutenmuller. (Plate XII.) In connection with the preceding article on page 191 by Dr. A. S. Packard the following brief notes on the egg, larva and pupa of Lobo- buncea phci'dtisa may be of interest: The egg (Fig. 4) is finely and regularly reticulated, and measures 3 mm. in length and 2.25 mm. in width. The color is dirty white and banded longitudinally with brown. Laid early in May, in clusters on the under surface of a leaf. The fully grown larva (Fig. 5) is robust with the last segments somewhat smaller than the anterior. In life the color is probably green or yellowish green with the margins of Lobobunaa phiedusa. I, pupa ; 2. last segment showing two openings ; 3, underside of last segment and anal process ; 4, eggs. the anal plates and cervical shield orange. The dorsal parts of each segment, except the last, are prominently elevated with a depression on each elevation. Along the sides below the spiracles is a prominent fold, broken at the junctions of the segments. The spiracles are large, and the tubercles are very short and inconspicuous. In length it measures about 95 mm. 194 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. The pupa (Fig. i ) is large and robust, with a curved ridge on the anterior part of the thorax. The anal process (Fig. 3) is long, com- pressed at the base above and below. Anal segment has two oblong apertures above (Fig. 2). The imago (Plate XII) measures about 7.75 inches across the fore wings. It is of a gray-brown color with the black eye-like spot on the hind wing surrounded with a brick red and a pinkish white ring. On the fore wing is a small glass-like mark and another in the black eye-spot on the hind wings. 5. Larva of Lobolmuica plutditsa. Specimens of the eggs, larva (alcoholic), pupa-cases and imagos are in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History. These were donated by Mr. William Schaus. The figures were kindly drawn by Mr. L. H. Joutel. HABITS OF EUDiEMONIA BRACHYURA. By William Beutenmuller. In a letter from Mr. A. J. Clements, Sierra Leone, Africa, to Mr. William Schaus, the following notes on the habits of Euiicemonia bracJiyiira were taken. "The food-plant is a tree which does not seem to attain any great size, but this may be for lack of opportunity, as the bush on which it occurs has been of recent growth. It is Dialium i:^iiinee>ise Willd., belonging to the Leguminosae. The only near ally likely to be available as a food plant is Ceratonea siligica of the Mediterranean coast. The larvje feed gregariously and are of a Dec, 1901.] Proceedings of the Society. 195 brownish green with black spines. The eggs are laid on the young green stems at the top of the tree, and the pupae are found under the food-tree, lying on the surface beneath leaves. The imago emerges in the beginning of March, this being evidently their season ; since then a few have emerged at intervals, but most of them dwarfed. A very large percentage are stung by an ichneumon." Notes on the larvae of this species and E. argiphonfes, and figures of the moths of both species, were published by me in Volume V, p. 166, and plates XI and XII of this Journal. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMO- LOGICAL SOCIETY. Meetinc. of June 4, 1901. Held at the American Museum of Natural History. President Beutenmiiller presiding. Seven members and one visitor present. Mr. Beutenmiiller exhibited a number of Catocala larvoe and called attention to some structural characters by means of which the larvae may be divided into three groups, viz.: i. With a process or elevation on the 8th segment. 2. Without a proc- ess or elevation on the 8th segment. To the first group belongs C. cam, neogaina, amatrix, grynea, ultrouia, paleogama, innubciis, paria, etc., and to the second group, C. consors, ha^ia, piatrix, illegia, t?tuHercuhi and antituynipha. He further stated that the second group could again be divided into two groups, with filaments or without filaments, along the sides of the body. To the latter group belong, C. arnica, Judith and habilis. He also states that the shapes and markings of the heads of the different species are very different, and afford good specific characters. In raising larvae Mr. Beutenmiiller said that by wrapping a wet sponge, cotton or rags around the stems of the food-plants the same could be kept fresh for a greater length of time and was preferable to the custom of putting the stems in wet sand or water, in the latter case the larvte often get drowned, especially the night-feeding Catocala larvce which leave their food-plants at dawn, to seek a hiding place at the base of the plant. Mr. Schaeffer exhibited a small collection of beetles collected by Mr. .Seifert in Florida. Mr. Watson showed some fresh specimens of Thecla damon, and stated that the species was double brooded, the first brood appearing in April and the second in July. He said that the markings on the underside of the hind wings of the second brood were paler than those of the first brood. Mr. Watson also exhibited some larvae of Lycatia pseudargiolus and Melitcea pliceton and said that the latter feed very readily on Plantago as well as other plants. Mr. Beutenmiiller remarked that he had raised this species on fern. Mr. Barber spoke on a scheme for recording exact localities of captures of in- sects. After discussion the meeting adjourned until October 1st. l'J6 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. Meeting of October i, 1901. Held at the American Museum of Natural History. Vice-President Kearfott in the chair. Eight members and two visitors present. Mr. Frank W. Holms was elected an active member of the Society. The matter relating to the advisability of holding one meeting a month wa^ dis- cussed, but no definite action was taken. Mr. Joutel recorded the capture of the caterpillars of Isochatei heultnniiiUeri on Staten Island, N. V. (see ante, p. 190). Mr. Schaeffer exhibited specimens of Xylophilus mehheitneri, piceus, taken by him in the Highlands, N. J. He said that these species are generally rare in collec- tions, which is due to the peculiar habits of the same. When beaten from branches into the umbrella they are difficult to detect amongst the rubbish. They remain mo- tionless for a few seconds, and suddenly take flight. X. sub/asciatus and fasciatus, which were also taken, are comparatiuely slow and can be readily seen and bottled. A', melsheimei'i was taken only on hickory, X. piceus on oak, X. fasciatus and sub- fasciatus on dogwood. The last two species are common and always found in com- pany with the Staphylinid, Palaminiis tistaceus. He also showed a specimen of Cafius sericeus taken at Highlands, N. J., this being the first record of its occurrence in New Jersey. The very rare PsammcEcus desjardinsi, known from the Madeira Islands and in North America from Oregon to California, was taken by him in his home, resting on a piece of white cloth. A collection of local Cioidae was also exhib- ited by Mr. Schaeffer. After discussion, adjournment. Meeting of October 15, 1901. Held at the American Museum of Natural History. President Beutennuiller in the chair. Eight members and four visitors present. A letter from Mr. Joseph Kittel was read, inviting the members of the Society to visit his property, the "Herbert Domain," in Tennessee, which he thought would prove to be a good collecting ground. On motion, a vote of thanks was extended to Mr. Kittel. The advisability of holding one meeting a month was again discussed, but all the members present were in favor of holding two meetings. Mr. Beutenmiiller spoke on some Catocala larvae which he raised during the past summer. He stated that it was rather impossible to separate the larvae of C. t?iulier- ctda and C. badia, though the imagos are very distinct. He further stated that the larvae of C. badia, muliercula, antinympha and censors were day feeders, which is contrary to the habits of many of the other species of the genus, which feed at night. Colored drawings of a number of species, as well as a collection of Catocalas, from Dr. William Barnes, were exhibited. Mr. Joutel spoke on a Geometrid caterpillar, which has the peculiar habit of cov- ering itself with grains of sand or the like, and suggest that this habit may be a means of protection for the larva (see ante, p. 191 ). Mr. Schaeffer recorded the capture of the larva of Ceratomia catalpa at Lakehurst, N. J. Mr. Beutenmiiller called attention to the social habits of the larvse of this species, and stated that it would undoubtedly before long extend its range northward. Dr. Van Dyke said that the larvae of Philampeliiis vitis in California had similar habits to catalpa. Dec, I90I.] Proceedings of the Society. 197 Mr. Schaeffer exhibited a specimen of Matispa brnnnea taken in Lakehurst, N. J. , and a specimen of Ti achykcle blondeli from P'resno Co., Cal. Mr. Lyon spoke on the larva of Se/atuiria caryic, which is covered with long filaments of a waxy secretion. Meeting of November 19, 1901. Held at the American Museum of Natural History. Mr. William Beutenmiiller, president, in the chair, and fifteen members and four visitors present. The secretary being absent at the opening of the meeting, on motion of Mr. joutel duly seconded Mr. Weeks was appointed secretary //tj (em. The minutes of the last meeting were read and approved. The secretary read the name of Mr. J. R. de la Torre Bueno of No. 437, Central Park West, proposed by Mr. Beutenmiiller as an active member. Mr. Joutel proposed Dr. James D. Needham, of Lake Forest University, Lake Forest, Illinois, as a corresponding secretary. A letter from Dr. N. L. Britton, secretary of the council of the Scientific Alliance of New York, addressed to the secretaiy of the Society was read giving notice that in pursuance of article 7 of the constitution a total assessment of $200 had been levied upon all the societies and that the amount apportioned to the Entomological Society was 57, payable to Dr. E. G. Love, treasurer of the Council, and that payment might be made in installments, if preferable, of $3.50, one before Jan. I, 1902, and the other before April i, 1902. On motion of Mr. Weeks, duly seconded, the treasurer was authorized to pay the sum of ;?7, the amount of the assessment due from the Society. Mr. Beutenmiiller reported that he had received a letter from Mrs. Slosson which was accompanied by specimens of lepidoptera for disposal at the annual auction sale to be held by the Society, and on motion of Mr. Weeks, the secretary was di- rected to express to Mrs. Slosson the thanks of the Society therefor. Mr. Beutenmiiller stated that at the next meeting he would have ready for in- spection by the members the various publications received as exchanges and that it would be necessary to appoint a committee to take charge of the same and also of such as might be received hereafter. Dr. Edwin J. Van Dyke, of San Franci.sco, California, then spoke upon the sub- ject of the evening, " Observations upon the Faunal Regions of California from the standpoint of a Coleopterist." California is some 800 miles in length by 200 in width and is naturally divided longitudinally into three sections by the Coast Range and the Sierra Nevadas. The latter have an altitude of some 6,000 to 15,000 feet and form a boundary between the arid lands of the eastern portion and the greater bulk of the two western portions. These arid lands widen at the south by reason of the western trend of the Sierras and here include the valleys of Mono, Owen's and Death and portions of the Mojave and Colorado deserts. The Coast Range practi- cally ends at Santa Barbara, although the islands directly south may have originally formed a continuation before submergence of the intervening territory. The altitude of this range varies from 1,000 to 10,000 feet, the latter height chiefly obtaining in the north. This range constitutes the dividing line between the narrow belt of coast 108 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix. and this great valley region, which is enclosed at both the northern and southern ends by transverse ranges. Through breaks in the Coast Range, flow two large rivers into San Francisco Bay. Chronologically, the Sierras are older than the Rocky Mountains, California ex- isting when the Great Basin region was a vast inland sea. It was also much less subjected to glacial influences, thus permitting the survival of much of the ancient fauna. Contiguity to the ocean of a land of such great variation in topography naturally causes much diversity of climate. Four distinct climatic areas are recognized, viz.: the coast, interior valley, Sierra or higher mountain, and desert or semi-desert. The climate of the coast is tempered by the Japan current, and is cool and even ; that of the valley (600 miles in length) is warm in summer, but without rain, and the re- verse in winter ; that of the Sierra mild and dry in summer with little rain, but severe in winter ; and that of the desert intensely hot and dry in summer, and dry and mild or cold in winter, varying with the altitude. We find Dr. Merriam's theory that there are traces of two distinct insect faunas, one derived from the Boreal and the other from the Sonoran regions corroborated by the fact that among the coleoptera identical or affiliated forms and species indigenous to the Boreal region occur more frequently as wc go northward with like result as regards the Sonoran as we go south- ward, representatives of both faunas overlapping. Contributions from the Alaskan Maritime region also prevail along the coast belt, certain species even occurring as far south as San Francisco, but in no case east of the Coast Range. In the northern elevated section between and including the Coast Range and the .Sierras are found representatives of the so-called Canadian fauna and these often follow the ranges even to Lower California. It is probable that among the highest Sierras could be found examples or affiliated forms of the Hudsonian, timber line and Arctic faunas. The fauna of that portion of the Colorado desert within the State lying east of the San Bernardino Mountains and including the counties of San Diego, San Bernardino and the southern part of Inyo is distinctly Sonoran. Immediately north lies the subregion of the Sonoran (so termed by Dr. Mer- riam) also known as the subregion of the Great Basin, including the larger part of Inyo, all of Mono, the larger portions of Modoc and Lassen and a small part of Plu- mas. Here Acmceodei-a, Asida and EUodes abound. The California faunal region proper includes practically all the lowlands of the State, the fertile valleys of southern California and the extensive valleys of the San Joaquin and Sacramento, the lesser valleys along the coast and the foothills bordering them. The fauna prevailing throughout these portions are so affiliated with Sonoran forms, particularly toward the south as to warrant the designation of such portions as Sonoran sub-regions, and by the extension of these forms into the foothills where they have interbred with Boreal types through a series of ages genera characteristic of both parent regions have been evolved. Omus, Brenmis (a cychrid subgenus), Metrius, Promecognathus, PUocoma and Rosalia with others while more or less re- lated to anjacent northern forms probably developed from a rich circumpolar fauna under the influence of adaptation to environment. Omus occurs rather generally throughout the state, and Metrius and Protnecognathiis similarly but less frequently in the moist timber belt of the Coast Range, although an Alpine variety of Metritis is found in the .Sierras, and Brenmis is confined to the coast. Many other exainjiles Dec, igoi.l PROCEEDINGS OF THE SoClETY. 199 of restricted location could be given. In earlier periods California was more isolated particularly from the Sonoran region and northern influences prevailed. Then such genera as Omus and Plcocoma became first established. Subsequently a few southern forms such as Coniontis and its congeners gained access. These constituted the old California fauna, but when the southern isolation ceased, followed by the invasion of Sonoran forms, a new or later fauna was developed. This theory is partially supported by the fact that in the islands off the coast and in certain still isolated areas are faunas which are largely sui generis, and typical of the old California fauna above described. A better knowledge of the hitherto unexplored adjacent regions is re quired however before a satisfactory determination of the origin of species can be reached. Enough has been said however to demonstrate of how little value is the mere designation of material as Californian-North American would be nearly as de- finite. On motion of Dr. Love, duly seconded a vote of thanks was extended to Dr. Van Dyke for his instructive and entertaining remarks. Dr. Van Dyke, in response to questions from the members, gave much valuable information relating to localities, the distribution and character of the native vegetation, and the occurrence and meth- ods of capture of lepidoptera and coleoptera derived from his extensive experience in collecting in nearly every county of the State. On motion the meeting then adjourned. Meetinc. of December 3, 1901. Held at the American Museum of Natural History, New York. President Beutenmiiller, in the chair. Eight members and two visitors present. The minutes of the last meeting read and approved. Mr. J- N. de la Torre Bueno was elected an active member of the Society. Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, Oakland, Calif., and Mr. H. C. Fall, Pasadena, Calif., were proposed for corresponding mem.bership by Mr. Schaeffer. The resignation of Miss Valpey was read and accepted. After discussion it was decided that an auction sale of insects be held on the second meeting of the Society in January, 1902. The publications received in exchange for the Journal were exhibited and the advisability of appointing a librarian was discussed, but no definite action was taken. Mr. Seifert exhibited a beautiful series of Olene leucophcea which he raised from the eggs collected by him in Florida. Mr. Schaeffer showed a series of ten species of Oxyporus and stated that he had on some occasion expressed his doubts, as to the validity of O. fasciattis, taking it to be a color variety of O. vittatiis, but finding a number of specimens amongst the extensive materials collected by Mr. Beutenmiiller, in the Black Mts., N. C, which agree perfectly with the description of O. inttattis : he said that we may have to restore Gravenhorst's name cindits to the form, with dark head, thorax and abdomen, of which O. fasciatiis seems to be a variety. He also exhibited two species of Derohrachus forrcri , one without locality and one from thc Hy. Edwards collection from Lower California, as D. getninatus. It is very distinct from geminatits, by the much longer antenna?, with the joints comparatively more slender and longer, the very approximate eyes, the narrower neck, the spinose apex of the elvtra and other characters. 200 Journal New York Entomolocical Society. [Voi. ix. Mr. Schaeffer also exhibited a new species of the Scynutnid genus Luphioderes, collected by Mr. Beutenmiiller in North Carolina and hitherto only known from the Pacific Coast. Mr Watson recorded the abundance of Catopsilia eubiile in New York City, during the past season. Mr. Beutenmiiller announced the death of the well-known lepidopterist, Dr. Herman Strecker, of Reading, Pa. After discussion, adjournment. HERMAN STRECKER, Ph.D. It is with the deepest feelings of sorrow that we have to announce the death of the great veteran lepidopterist, Herman Strecker, Ph.D., at his home in Reading, Pa., at 7:40 a. m., November 30, 1901. He was stricken with apoplexy shortly after leaving his place of business on November 29th and lingered unconscious until he passed into the great beyond. Dr. Strecker was born in Philadelphia, Pa., March 24, 1836, and received his early education in the public schools of Reading, Pa., which was his home from the time he was eleven years old until his death. He was a sculptor by profession and to this he devoted most of his days but as a recreation he spent his nights and holidays in the collection of lepidoptera. His collection is the largest, most valuable and in every way the most remarkable private collection of lepidoptera on the American continent. Dr. Strecker described several hundred of new species the types of which are all in his collection as well as many types of species described by other authors. His book on " Lepidoi)tera, Rhopaloceres and Heteroceres, Indigenous and Exotic, 1872-1877," was published under difficulties. It was illustrated with fifteen colored plates. He saved enough to buy a lithographic stone and then drew and engraved upon it a group of butterflies or moths. This was sent to Philadelphia and the plates printed from it. In this way the stone travelled to and from Philadelphia until the plates were all finished and the book issued. Fifteen parts and four supplements have been published of this work. In consideration of his scientific knowledge Franklin and Marshall College, some years ago, conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. He leaves a widow, son and daughter. W.M. BEUTENMiJLLER. Index to Volume IX. Abantiades hyalinata, 162 errans, 141 A.stia vittata, 186 Acanthiptera, 134 , 142 fill gens, 140 Atherigona, 135 Achrosea grisella, 166 leucostoma, 139 quadripunctata, 142 Acrjea andromac)ia, 150 hiiaris, 158 Atomogaster, 13s Acroptena, 134 moerens, 140 macquartii, 142 simonyi, 142 occulta. 138 Attus cunctatoi , 183 Acyglossa, 134 ornata, 137 milbertii, 183 diversa, 142 pertusa. 137 morsitans, 183 Adia, 134 pluvialis, 142 ' niger, 186 oralis, 145 prwpotens, 139 signatus, '83 Admestina tibialis, 186 semicinerea, 138 Azelia, 135 Adoxophyes conditana. 169 sepia, 136 macquartii, 142 Aedes smithii, 177 triquetra. 135 Banks, N., article by, 182 ^geria, genus of, 134 145 varia, 135 Batrachedra arenosella, 176 ^geria tipuliformis, 154 varicolor, 135 Beutenmiiller, W. , arti- ^thria analis, sp. nov.. 42 Anthomyza, 135 cles by, 87, 88, 89 90, Agathodes designalis, aculeipes, 141 147, 189, 192, 193, 194, larva, 82 annosa. 141 195 Aganisthos odius, larva. 78 ciliatocosta, 136 Bainvillia, 135 Aganais nesophora, 155 Anthersea eucalypti, 177 palpata. 144 Agarista agricola, 155 janetta, 160 Bombiloides jamaicen- contortus, 15s Antithesia phyllanth- sis, sp. nov., 40 donavani, 155 ana, 168 xanthogastroides, sp. glycinre, 154 Aminta, 135 145 nov.. 40 latinus, 155 Apaustus agraulia, 152 Bombyx lewineas. 162 tristificus, 155 Apina callisto. 157 Botanophila varicolor. 145 Aglaosoma variegata. 157 Apoda infrequens. 158 Brachyophyra, 135 Alaria fiorida, larva. 90 Aphodius longulus, 94 effrons, 142 Alleostylus, 135 Aphonia latra, 166 Brachylabis, 135 sudeticus, 146 Ariadne bicolor. 188 flaveola. 145 Allognota, 135 rubella, 188 Bucculatrix eucalypti. 175 agromyzella, 142 Arctia intermedia, larva 25 Bunsea alcynoe, 191 Anchmis composita, 165 Ardices fulvohirta, 156 caffra. 191 Andrena bicolor, habits Argadesa materna, 163 Caccecia alopecana, 169 of, 38 ArgyraMdes vespina, sp. australana, 167 bipunctata, 133 nov.. 42 excessana, 169 carlini. ^33 Argyrodes nephila.', 184 postvittana, 167 dunningi, ^33 trigonum, 184 responsana. 167 hippotes, 133 Aricia, 135 Caligula eucalypti. 159 placida. ^33 albescens. 137, 138 intermedia. 160 viola, habits of, 37 albitarsis, 136 Callicotis crucifera, 177 vicina, 37, ^33 hirtela. 141 1 Caloryctis subparallela, 176 Anoka, 188 impuncta, 144 Caricea trigrina, 135, 142 Anthomyia, 135 lacteipennis. 136 Carpocapsa pomonella. 168 alma, 139 macquartii, 135, Cassida nebulosa, 94 allotalla. 135 surda. 139 Castaneira bivittata. 185 apicalis. 138 trollii, 136 Catocala arnica. 195 cunctans, 138 Arotrophora arcuatalis, 167 amatrix. 195 crassirostris, 139 xythopterana, 167 antinympha, 195 dissecta. 137 Aspilia allotalla, 145 badia, 195, 197 erratica. 140 Asthena subpurpureata. 165 cara, 195 202 Journal New York Entomological Society. consors, 195 grynea, 195 habilis, 195 illecta, 189 innubens, 195 Judith, 195 muliercula, 195, 197 mariana, 94 neogama, 195 paleogama, 195 parta, 195 ultronia, 195 Catopsilia gorgonophe, 149 pyranthe. 149 scylla, 149 Caudell, A. X., articl e by, I Cebysa conflictella, 157 felderi, 157 Centrocero, 135 decipiens, 142 Centropseustes astropora '16s Ceramedia cuprea, sp nov., 42 Ceratomia catalpa, 196 amyntor, 88 Cerophytum pulsator, 94 Ceroprepes almella, 165 Ceruia australis, 159 Chalia tristis, sp. nov., 45 vigasi, sp. nov., 45 Charadrella, 136 macrosoma, 142 Charaxes sempronius, 151 Chelepteryx collesii. 160 Chelesia, 136 monilis, 142 Chiastocheta, 136 trollei, 142 Chirosia, 136 albitarsis, 142 montana, 141 Chcerocampa eiotus, 153 celeria. 153 nessus, 153 oldenlandise, 153 pallicosta, 154 pinastrina, 153 scrofa, 153 Chloe, 136 Chortophila, 136 angusta, 141 cnesia, 141 floccosa, 137 lasiophthalma, 138 sepia, 145 Choreutis bjerkandrella, 170 Choristomma, 136 pokornyi, 143 Cibyra brunnea, sp. nov. , 77 dorita, sp. nov., 76 dormita, sp. nov., 77 poltrona, sp. nov., 77 Cicindela longilabris, 27 limbalis, 28 repanda, 28 vulgaris, 28 Cidaria deltoidata, 164 Cimbotoma, 1 36 floricola, 143 Cinochira, 136 atra, 143 Clania lewinii, 158 tenuis, 158 Cockerell, T. D. A., article by, 132 Coelomyia, 136 mollissima, 143 Ccenosia, 136 albicornis, 138 agromyzella, 135 decipiens, 135 dubia, 137 geniculata, 143 monilis, 136 sexmaculata, 136 Cn'quosa australasi?e, 154 triangularis, 154 Coeysra dichroella, 174 Colletes carlini, 133 compacta, 30 dunningi, 133 hippotes, 133 inajqualis, 132, 134 placida, 133 thoracica, 1 32, 134 vicina, 133 Coquillett, D.W., articles by, 85, 134 Conogethespunctiferalis, 166 Coremia inamcoenaria, 165 robustaria, 1 65 Corinna angulata, 1 85 amoena, 185 tricolor, 1S5 Coriscium ochridorsel- lum, 175 Cosmosoma tlavita, sp. nov., 41 Cosmotricha exposita, 160 Cosmostyla, 136 rufiventris, 144 Costria, gen. nov., 46 arpi, sp. nov,, 47 corita, sp. nov., 46 discopuncta, sp. nov. > 4S elegans, sp. nov., 47 maruga, sp. nov.. 46 striolata, 47 Cryptophaga albicosta. 171 balteata. 171 bipunctata, 171 delvcentra. 170 dolerastis. 171 epadelpha. 171 immaculata. 170 impunctata. 170 irrorata, 171 leucodelpha, 171 hierastis. 170 lurida, 170 pultensese. 170 rubescens, 170 spilonota, 171 strigata. 171 stochastis. 170 Crosimus obesulus, 94 Ctenucha mortia, sp.nov •,44 Cychrus snowii. 91 Cydosia submutata. 81 Cyrtophora californiensis ,189 Cuculla, 136, 144 Culex confinis. 178 territans. 177 Daecke, E., article by, 26 Dalaca basirubra, sp. nov.. 76 tesselloides, sp. nov., 76 Danaus chrysippus. 149 jamaicensis. 80 plexippus, 149 Danima banksise, 159, 177 Daphnis horsfieldii, 153 hypothous, 153 Darala acuta. 160 censors. 160 ocellata. 160 Dasypodia selenophora. 163 Declana floccosa, 165 Delia, 136, 145 floricola, 136 Delias aganippi. 149 harpalyce, 149 nigrina. 149 Dendrophila, 136 hilaris. 143 Desniia tages. 22 Dexiopsis, 136 lacteipennis. 143 Dialyta, 136 erinacea, 143 Dichogama amabilis, 20 bergii, 21 INDEX. 203 Dichiomodes orectis, 164 Epiblema ochraceana, Sf . Eustalomyia, 137 iJiptilon aterea, sp. nov. 42 nov.. 51 hilaris, 143 Diptychophora elaina, 166 perplexana, sp. nov.. 51 Eutane Jydia, 156 Discophlebia catoca- Epicorsia mellinalis, 21 terminalis. 156 lina, 161 Epicrocis terebrans, 166 Eiithisanotia timaris, 81 Doane, R., article by, 97 Epinephele abeona, 150 Eutrichota, 137 Dodia, gen. nov., S5 Epyaxa rosaria, 165 inornata, 144 albertfe, sp. nov., 85 Erechtias acontistes, 175 Evergastis dyaralis, sp Doleschallia herrichia, 150 mystacinella, 175 nov., 49 Dolichogaster, 136 Eremomyia, 137 Fannia, 137 americana, 146 humeralis, 143 scalaris, 143 Dolomedes cerugineus, 186 Eresia frisia, So Fellaria, 137 binotatus, 186 Ereunetis inloptera. 167 urban a. 144 scapularis, 186 Ergane leucophKa, 186 Fernald, C. H., articl e sexpunctatus, 186 Erioischia, 137 by, 49 urinator, 186 floccosa. 145 Fox, W. J., article by, 83 Doratifera casta, 157 Eriopoda, 137 Fucellia, 137 chrysochroa, 157 ornata. 143 fucorum, 143 lewinii, 157 Eriostyla, 137 Galleria mellonella. 166 longerans, 157 dubia. 143 Gastrolepta, 137 vulnerans, 157 Eriphia, 137 coarctata, 144 Drymeia, 136 cinerea, 146 Givira, gen. nov.. 48 hamata, 143 montanus. 138 polybioides, sp. nov.. 48 Duomitus jamaicensis, Eucereon lerioides, sp. phalia, sp. nov.. 73 sp. nov., 46 nov., 44 watsoni, sp. nov.. 73 mathani, sp. nov., 45 marcata, sp. nov.. 43 Gonodonta incurva, 81 pyracmonides, sp. mathani, sp. nov., 44 Gracillaria alysidota, 174 nov., 45 trinita, sp. nov.. 44 argyrodesma. 173 Dyar, H. G., articles by. 19, Eucosma lineana, sp. callicella, 174 24, 25, 84, 85, 177, 179 nov., 50 coenotheta. 173 Dynastes grantii. 91 Eucro.stis argocrana, 164 chionoplecta. 173 tityus. 91 Euaemia caminata. 176 didymella, ^73 Egeria, 136, 145 Eudsemonia brachyura, 194 ide, 174 Eginia, 136 Eudemis botrana, 168 linearis. 173 cylindrica. 144 Eudoxyla diervillei. 161 toxomacha. 174 Egle, 137 142 Eugivira, gen. nov., n tricuneatella, 173 Elodina angulipennis, 14S carisca, sp. nov.. 74 thalassias. 174 Epeira anniilipes. 185 durangona, sp. nov., 74 Gymnogaster, 137 balanstina. 146 nudaria, sp. nov.. 75 dissecta, 145 benjamina. 184 pallidicosta, sp. nov., 75 Gymna'ciajdirce, 79 bucaridia. 189 pardana, sp. nov., 75 Hadena devastatrix. 90 cauta. 184 plagiata, sp. nov.. 75 lignifurea. 164 circulata. 184 quandra, sp. nov., 74 Ilalictus, sp. , 39 conspicillata, 185 sabulosa, sp. nov.. 74 Halithea, 137 corticaria. 189 Euophrys amabilis, 186 fucorum, 143 domicilionim, 184, 185 humilis. 187 Hammomyia, X37 gigas, 185 leucoph?ea, 186 albescens. 143 graduata. 184 Euphemia, 137 Harris, E. D., article incestifica, 189 lasta, 145 by-. 27 insularis, 184, 185 Eupithecia indicataria, 165 Hasarius hoyi, 186 jaspidea. 185 Euplexia insignis. 164 Hebecneraa, »37 obesa. 185 Eupla?a corinna, 149 umbratica. 145 trifolium. 185 Eupselia satrapella. 167 Helina, 137 Ephestia elutella. 166 Euptoieta Claudia, 79 pertusa. 144 interpunctella, 165 Europs pallipennis. 94 Heliocausta ekieodes, 174 sericaria, 166 Eurota minerva, sp. nov. , 41 eudora, 174 Ephestiodes gilvescen- Euryomma, 137 hemiteles. 174 tella, 86 hispaniense. 143 incarnatella. '73 204 Journal New York. Entomological Society. l);iialvri^is, 174 Isochretes beuteiiniiiller , carolineiisis, 183 184 seiva. 173 190 196 communis, 183 Ileliothis armigera, 163 Jalmenes evagoras, 152 gulosa, 184 jieltigera, 163 Joutel, L. H., articles by, helluo, 181 186 Heliostibes atychioides 190, 191 196 lenta, 183 166 Junonia genovera. 79 railberti, 183, 184 186 Hemaris hylas, 153 velleda, 150 mordax, 183 Hera, ^31 Langsdortia coresa, sp. nidicola. 184 mikii, 145 nov., 75 nigroventris, 183 Herpyllus ornata, 185 Lampedes alsulus, 151 philadelphiana. 184 Hesperilla ornata, 152 cnejus. 151 rabida. 183 picta, 152 phaseli, 151 riparia. 184 Heterochroa iphicla, 78 Larentia semisignata, 165 saggitta, 183 Hippolyte rubropunc- corcularia, 165 ssetula. 183 taria, 165 Larinia nigrofoliata. 189 sayi, 183 184 Holochila absimilis, 151 forata, 189 Mach;i?ritis calligenes. 174 erinus. 152 Lasiops, 138 salignes. 173 heathii. 151 hirticeps, 144 Macrobathra argonota, 171 Holocola thalassiana. 168 senescens, 138 anemodes, 172 triangulana, 168 Leucophora, 138 alternatella. 172 Homalomyia, ^37 Leucania, sp. , 163 ceraunobola. 172 Homoeosoma mucidel- Leucophora albescens, 143 chrysotoxa. 172 lum. 85 Leucomelina, 138 desmotoma, 171 Hoplogaster, 137 pica. 144 leucopeda, 172 mollicula. 142 Lichenaula choriodes. 173 myriophthalma. 172 Homoptera edusa. 192 lichenea. 172 nephelomorpha, 172 Hyaleucereon lugubris, tuberculata. 173 porphyra. 172 sp. nov., 44 undulatella. 173 rhodosphila. 172 Hybernia boneophil- Limnophora, 138 Macroneme nordina, sp aria. 165 surd a. 144 nov.. 41 Hydrophoria, 138 Limnrecia phragmitella. 177 sura, sp. nov., 41 Hydrotcea, 1^,8 Limnosia, 138 Macrochis, 139 dentipes, 143 albicornis, 143 meditata. 144 floccosa, 139 Lineodes Integra, 22 Macrosita casuarin;e, 154 Hydrusa, 155 triangulalis, 22 Macrosoma, 135, 139 Hyetodesia, 138 Lipoptycha niaculana, lardaria, 146 erratica, 146 sp. nov., 51 salaminia, 163 Hylemya, 137 Linyphia argyrodes, 184 Macrobnetira leucopeda. 172 pallida, 139 Lita solanella, 176 Msevia annulipes, 186 strigosa, 144 Lithosia bicolor, 156 aurulenta. 186 rufiventris. 136 replana. 156 crista ta, 186 llyleora eucalypti. 159 Lithocolletes aglaozona, 175 pallida. 186 caustopis, 159 Litorella, 138 pencillata. 186 Hylephila, 138 litorella, 146 tibialis. 186 buccata. 144 Lispe, 138 sulphurea. 186 Ilylorycta luteotactella. 176 tentaculata. 144 Mamestra composita, 164 strigata. 176 Lispocephala, 139 ewingi. 164 synaula. 176 alma. 144 Mantispa brunnea. 197 Ilyphantidium sericar- Lithula omnivora, 158 Marasmia floridalis, sp. ium, 166 Lobobunaea, gen. nov.. 191 nov.. 49 Hy pontes. 138 pliKdusa, 191, 193 Marecidia, gen. nov., 43 Hypobolimnas boliiia, ISO Lophoderus amatana. sanguipuncta, sp. nov. , 43 misippus, 151 sp. nov.. 24 Margaronia bivitralis. 19 Hyporites montanus, 144 Lycaena boetica, 151 inrtmalis. 20 Icius elegans, 186 lulu, 151 Marptusa undata. 183 palmarum, 188 Lyrcea alictoraria, 163 Mecyna deprivalis. 166 lodis illidgei, 164 heniipteraria, 165 Mecytha semicana, 158 insperata. 164 Lycosa avida, ^•^i Melanitis leda. 150 INDEX, 205 Melanochelia, 139 1 Myochrous scjuamosus, 131 Mesothen albifrons, sp. Myoda, 139 nov. , 40 tentaculata. 144 Metacrias erichrysa, 156 Myopina, 139 Metura elongata, 158 myopina. 145 Microcera, 139 Nelphe didyma, 154 ciliata, 143 Nerina, 139, 145 Mnesaphia privata, 164 Netrocoryna repanda. 152 Monoctenia vinaria, 164 Neurota, 139 Mosoda anartoides, 156 grisea. 144 Mosquitoe larvse, 177 Nola lugens. 156 Musca buccata, 138 Nyctemera annulata, 155 cannicularis, 137, 139, 140 connica, 156 ciliata, 139 Nyphortola galactina. 177 coarctata, 137 Ochthiphila littorella, 13S dentipes, 138 Ocromyia, 139 erratica, 135, 141 pallida. 144 tlaveola, 135 Ocystola calista, 173 flavipennis, 139 pyramis. 173 fungorum, 139 tyranna. 173 geniculata, 136 Qicophora pseudosprc grisea, 139 tella. 172 hiiaris, 136 schola;a. 172 hirticeps, 138 (T^netus eximius, 161 impuncta, 135 lewinii. 162 inanis, 134 lignivorus, 161 irritans, 138, 141 ramsayi, 162 Iseta, 137 scotti, 161 lardaria, 135, 139 splendens, 161 meditabuiida, 135 virescens. 161 meditata, 139 Qinosandra boisduvalii, 157 meteor! ca, 13S Ogyris genoveva. 152 mollicula, 139 Oiketicus orizavte, sp , myopina, 139 nov.. 45 pagana, 139 Onodontha, 139 pallida, 141 penicillata. 143 pumila, 139 Oplogaster, 139 quadripunctata, 135 mollicula. 142 quadrum, 139, 141 Opodiphtera astrophile. 159 socia, 138 Opsirhina fervens. 160 strigosa, 138 Ophyra, 139 tentaculata. 139 leucostoma, 145 tigrina, 135, 136 Orchisia, 139 triangula, 140 costata. 143 Musiosoma, 139 Orgyia postica, 157 praepotens, 144 tricolor, 157 Myantha, 139 Ornithoptera priamus. 147 canicularis, 143 Orophora toumatou, 158 Mycophaga, 139 Othreis fullonica, 163 fungorum. 144 Oxyporus, note on, 199 Mydaja, 139 Pachygnatha tristriata. 186 pagana, 144 xanthostoma. 186 communis. 141 Pachystoma, 139 Mydina, 139 tlavipennis. 144 quadrum. 144 Packard, A. S., articl e Mynes geoffroyi, 151 by. 191 Myochrous denticoUis, 127 Predisca obliquana, 169 longulus, 131 privatana, 169 Palx'obia anguillana, 168 liibbertiana, i68 Pak^;ostoma styphelana, 167 Palaminus testaceus, 196 Palparia aurata, 173 lambertella, 173 micrastrella, 173 uncinella, 173 Palusia, 139 pumila, 143 Pamphila bambusas, 1 52 hobomok, aberr., 93 phineus, 152 Papilio philenor, aberr. wasmuthi, 82 ffigeus, 148 agamemnon, 148 capaneus, 147 enactus, 148 erithonius, 147 homerus, larva, 77 lycaon, 148 macleayeanus, 147 merope, var. cenea, 91 peleus, 78 sarpedon, 148 ulys.ses, 148 Paracostophila, 140, 145 Paranthomyia, 140, 142 Paraspilogaster, 140, 145 Parazelia, 140, 142 Parharmalomyia, 140, 143 Patania, 140 Pegomyia, 140 hyoscyami, 145 Pelora oxleyi, 158 Peltophora argutella, 174 Pentacricia, 140 aldrichii, 145 Peronia, 140 ciliata, 143 Phaonia, 1 40 erratica, 145 Phassustrojesa, sp. nov., 70 Phidippusalboniaculatus, 188 anetus, 187, ardeus, 188 audax, 188 bicolor, 188 cardinalis, 188 californicus, i88 carol in us, 187 castrensis, 187 clarus, 188 concinnatus, 187 dubiosus, 187 elegans, 187 electus, 187 20( Journal New York Entomological Society. gracilis, 188 Pseudolimnophora, 140, 141 undulata, 6 insignarius, 187 triangula. 143 Singa maculata, 188 insolens, 188 Pseudosphex noverca, truncata. 188 miniatus, 188 sp. nov., 40 Smerinthus geminatus, 89 obscurus, 188 Psilometopia, 141 Smith, J. B., article by. paludatiis, 187 communis, 145 2r ■ 52 personatus, 187 Psiloptera, 141 Sphseridium scarahic- pulcherrimus, 188 irritans, 143 oides, 94 puipuratus, 188 Psilopyga, 86 Sphinx eremophilae. 154 rimator, 188 Ptilomacra senex, 161 gordius. 87 ruber, 188 Pyrameis ite, 150 marmorata, 154 rufus, 183, 186, 187, 188 kershawi, 150 roseofasciata. '54 testacens. 187 Pyrausta costimaculalis, Spilogaster, 141 togatus. 187 sp. nov., 50 quadrum, 145 variegatus. 188 Pyrgotis plagiatana. 169 Spilosoma obliqua. 156 Philampelus vitis, 196 Pyrgus syrichtus, 80 Stagnia, 141, 144 Philinta, 140 Quadrula, 141 Stegommata sulfuratella 75 canicularis, 143 annosa, 145 Steniola sulfurea, sp. Philobata bimaculana. 172 Rhadina, 141 nov., 84 Philudoria australasise, 160 montana. 146 Stenogaster, 141 Phortea, 140, 145 Rhinopalpa sabina. 150 angusta, 145 Phorbia, 140, 145 Rhinosimus ceneipennis 94 Stephanocleonus plum- Phyllis. 140 Rhynchotrichops, 141 beus, 94 diaphana, 144 aculeipes. 144 Strepsiceros ejectana. 168 Phyllogaster, 140 Rohrella, 141 fluidana, 168 cordyluroides. 145 pallida. 145 macropetana, 168 Phyllocnistes diangella, 175 Salticus borealis, 186 Stroblia, 141 Phyllobrotica discoidea, 94 Sapromyza costata, 139 triangula. 143 Pielus labyrinthicus, 162 Satrapia thesaurina, 174 Swainson, E. M., article Pieris scyllara, 149 Schaeffer, C, article ^y, by, 77 teutonia, 148, 177 86 Syllegopterula, 141 Piezura, 140 Schaenomyia, 141 beckeri, 146 pardalina. 146 fasciata, 146 Sylepta anormalis, 20 Pinara ignobilis, 160 Schaus, \V., articles l)y, gordialis, 20 cana, 160 40, 73 Taractrocera papyria. 168 obliqua, 160 Sceliodes cordalis, 167 Teara tristis. 156 Platyccenosia, 140 Scenoploca petraula. 167 Teia aiiartoides, 177 mikii, 146 Schrenobius imparellus, 166 Telecrates laetiorella. 175 Platysenta videns. 12 Scieropepla typhicola. 176 parabolella, 175 Plutella craciferanum. 176 Sciomyza fasciata. 141 Tenodera sinensis. 95 Plusia eriosoma, 81, 164 Scoparia minusculalis. 166 Terastria meticulosalis, 21 Pogonomyia, 140 Seifert, O., article by, 12 Terias hecabe, 148 alpicola, 145 Selandria caryx, 197 Tetrachceta, 141 Polietes, 140 Semiocosma platyptera, 169 unica. 146 lardaria, 146 Sesia sigmoidea. 190 Tetramerinx, 141 Porina umbraculatus, 162 Setiostoma fernaldella. 86 unica, 146 signata, 162 Simaethis sycopola, 170 Thalassodes pieroides, 164 Potamia, 144 Sinea caudata, 8 Thalpochares cocco Prionophora ruptella, 164 complexa. 7 phaga. 163 Proboscimyia, 140 confusa, sp. nov.. 6 Thecla damon, 26, 195 siphoiiina. 146 coronata, 7 Thomisus luctans. 185 Procris empyrea, 155 defecta, II Thricoiis, 141 Prodenia littoralis, 1^3 diadema. 3 anthomyimus. 144 Prosalpia, 140 integra. 8 Thyridopteryx herrichii. 159 moerens, 144 raptoria, 9 hubneri, 158 Proteodes carnefex, 177 rileyi. 10 'J'hyridopyTalis, gen. Psamm » ciis desjardinsi. 106 sanguisuga. 9 nov., 23 Psaphidia tliaxterianus, '^4 spinipes, 10 gall;\?randialis, nov , 23 INDEX. 207 Tinea biselliella, 170 liirsuta, sp. nov., "3 cossuna, 169 illustris, sp. nov., 98 granella. 169 impudica, sp. nov., 104 pellionella, 170 inermis, sp. nov.. 112 tapetzella, 169 incisa, sp. nov.. 118 vivipara, 169 lamellata, sp. nov.. 105 Tipula acuta, sp. nov., 116 leucophaea, sp. nov., 117 abluta, sp. nov., 122 lucida, sp. nov., 126 lequalis, sp. nov.. loS megaura, sp. nov.. 112 albocincta, sp. nov., no retusa, sp. nov., 109 albocaudata, sp. nov. 123 rostrella, sp. nov., 100 albonotata, sp. nov., 120 simplex, sp. nov., 103 albofascia, sp. nov., 126 splendens, sp. nov , 107 albovittata, sp. nov., 119 spectabilis, sp. nov., 120 armata, sp. nov., 119 stalactoides, sp. nov. , 102 australis, sp. nov., 104 streptocera, sp. nov., "3 barbata, sp. nov.. 105 siibtilis, sp. nov.. 106 bituberculata, sp. nov. , lOI sulpherea, sp. nov. , 99 bisetosa, sp. nov.. III subcinerea, sp. nov.. 118 calcarata, sp. nov., 107 subtenuicornis, sp. n. , .25 calva, sp. nov., 114 tristis, sp. nov.. 102 carinata, sp. nov., 103 translucida, sp. nov., 109 ceivicula, sp. nov., 100 unicincta, sp. nov. , 115 cinctocornis, sp. nov. , no usitata, sp. nov.. 124 concinna, sp. nov. , "5 varia, sp. nov.. 122 contaminata, sp. nov. , 121 Tortri.x amasnana, 167 cognata, sp. nov., 123 concordana, 16^ cuspidata, sp. nov., III indigestana. 167 decora, sp. nov., 125 inana, sp. nov., 51 diluta, sp. nov., 117 Trachykele blondeli, 197 dorsolineata, sp. nov. 98 Trapezites symmomus. 152 fumosa, sp. nov. , 99 Trechus hydropicus. 93 graphica, sp. nov., 124 Trennea, 141 helvocincta, sp. nov.. lOI errans, 145 Trichetra niesonieias, 157 Tricophiticus, 141 anthomyinus, 144 Tricops, 141 Trigonostonia, 141 frontalis, 145 Trochosa vafra, 184, 186 'I'ymbophora peltastis, 176 Utetheisa pulchella, 156 Uzucha humeral is, 176 Uranotcenia sapphiriana, 179 Victorina steneles, 79 Van Dyke, article by, 197 Weeks, A. C, articles by, 82, 95 Webster, F. M., articles by, 127 Wala albovittata, 188 mitratus, 186 Watson, F., note by, 195 Xysticus fasciatus, 185 quadrilineatus, 185 subfasciatus, 185 Xylophilus melsheimeri, 196 piceus, 196 Yetodesia, 141 erratica, 146 Zabia, 141 longipes, 145 Zaphne, 141, 144 Zonopetla decisana, 172 Zenzera eucalypti, 177 Zelotypia stacyi, 162 ERRATA. Page 142, line 14 from below : Transfer " Bigot''' to follow " Paranthomyia." Page 144, line 19: Transfer " Melanochelia Rond., 1866; sunia^' to replace " Zett.," moving the latter to the end of the line. Page 145, line 12 from below : For Paracortophila, read Parachortophila. Page 146 : Transfer the first three lines to follow line 5 from below on the preceding page. Joiini. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Vol. IX. PL X. Three Mosquitoe Larvae. Journ. N. y. Ent. Soc. Vol. IX. PI. XL Life-History of Uranotaenia sapplnirina. =^ ^ C3 (/) ^. SI ^. C o o ),S '9 55 kny Hi SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES 3 9088 00833 6158