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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
LIBRARY OF
Henry Guernsey Hubbard
AND
Eugene Amandus Schwarz
DONATED IN 1902
ACCESSION
Jf
t/J
JOURNAL
OF THF,
NEW YORK
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
JSebotctJ to ISntomologj) in <©pnfral.
Voliime IX, 1901.
Edited ry Wm. Beutenmuller.
NEW YORK:
Published by the Society,
Quarterly.
1 90 1.
PRESS OF
THQ NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANV
LANCASTER, PA,
i/SRARNL
J^>^ S ^ OK I
c
ONTENTS O
f V
OI.UME
IX.
Banks, Nathan,
Notes on Some Spiders of Walkenaer, Koch and others . 182
BeutenmOller, William,
The Earlier Stages of Sphinx gordius, . . . .87
The Earlier Stages of Ceratomia amyntor, ... 88
The Earlier Stages of Smerinthus geminatus, . . 89
Descriptions of Three Lepidopterous Larvae, . . 90
Catalogue of the Described Transformations of Austra-
lian Lepidoptera, ....... 147
The Larva of Catocala illecta, . . . . .189
The Larva of Homoptera edusa, . . . .192
Notes on the Earlier Stages of Lobobunfea phaedusa, . 193
Habits of Eudsemonia brachyura, . . . .194
Obituary Notice of Herman Strecker, .... 200
Caudell, a. N.,
The Genus Sinea of Amyot & Serville, . . . i
Cockerell, T. D. a.,
On Some Bees of the Genus Andrena from New Jersey, 132
Coquillett, D. W.,
Descriptions of Three Lepidopterous Larvae, . . 85
Types of Anthomyid Genera, . . . . -137
Daecke, E.,
Notes on the Habits of Thecla damon, ... 26
DOANE, R. W.,
Descriptions of New Tipulidae, . . . . -97
Dyar, Harrison G.,
Descriptions of Some Pyralid Larvae from Southern Flor-
ida, . . . . . . . . -19
Note on the Larva of Arctia intermedia, . . -25
An Apparently New Tortricid from Florida, ... 24
Note on the Larva of Psaphidia thaxterianus, . . 84
Diagnosis of a New Arctian, . . . . .85
Descriptions of the Larvae of Three Mosquitoes, . . 177
The Life-History of Uranotaenia sapphirina, . .17c
iv Contents.
Fernald, C. H.,
New Pyralidaj and Tortricidre from Palm Beach, Florida, 49
Fox, William J.,
Two New Bombicine Wasps, ..... 83
Harris, Edw. Doubleday,
CicindelidcTs of Mt. Desert, Maine, . . . -27
JouTEL, Louis H.,
Note on Sesia sigmoidea, . . . . . .190
Larva of Isochaetes beutenmiilleri on Staten Island, N. Y., 190
A Self- Decorating Geometrid Larva, . . . .191
Packard, A. S.,
A New Genus of Sphingicampid Moths, Allied to
Bunaea, . . . . . . . .191
SCHAEFFER, C.,
Note on a Species of Psilopyge, . . . . - . 86
ScHAUS, William,
Heterocera from Tropical America, . . . 40, 73
Seifert, Otto,
Life-History of Platysenta videns, . . . .12
Smith, John B.,
Notes on Some Digger Bees, .... 29, 52
SvvAiNSON, Mrs. E. M.,
Notes on Lepidopterous Larvae from Jamaica, B. W. L, 77
Webster, F. M.,
The Southern Corn -Leaf Beetle : A New Insect Pest of
Growing Corn, . . . . . . .127
Weeks, Archibald C,
An Aberration of Papilio philenor, .... 82
Suggestions for Collecting Insects with Least Injury, . 95
Van Dyke, Edwin C,
Observations upon the Faunal Regions of California
from the Standpoint of a Coleopterist, . . .197
Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society, . 91, 194
JOURNAL
J}f\a JBopk 6lntomoIogirfll jSoriptg*
\^ol. IX. MARCH, 1901. No.^l.
THE GENUS SINE A OF AMYOT c- SERVILLE.
Bv A. N. Caudell, Washington, D. C.
The species of the genus Sinea are for the most part quite closely
allied, and persons other than special students of the Hemiptera are
liable to experience difficulty in their separation. In some cases
both sexes are necessary for a correct determination.
In my .studies I have examined specimens of all the described
species of this genus except Integra. The material in the collections
of the United States National Museum, Massachusetts Agricultural Col-
lege, Colorado Experiment Station, and the Museum of the State of
New York, has been examined. In addition Professor Uhler has
kindly allowed me to examine the specimens of Sinea in his private
collection. For authentic specimens of raptoria, caudata, sanguisuga
and defecta\ am indebted to Mr. G. C. Champion, also, for advance
sheets of his most excellent article on this genus in the Biologia Cen-
trali Americana. This eminent author has been freely quoted. By
reason of his well-known ability as an hemipterist and by his having
examined most of Still's types his dictum may well be accepted as final.
A plate is given showing certain anatomical details. The external
appearance of the male and female genitalia is portrayed by drawings
made from Acholla multispinosa, an insect scarcely differing, in this
particular feature, from the species of Sinea.
A complete bibliography, so far as known to me, is given with
each species. While some of the references are of minor importance
it has seemed well to bring them together. All references have been
verified except where preceded by a star (*).
I would express my thanks to Prof. C. H. Fernald for various kind-
nesses, to Mr. O. Heidemann for aid and advice, and to Mrs. Fernald
and Dr. Dyar for aid in translating.
2 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
The species of the genus Sinca vary much both in size and color.
In general they are somber colored and in cabinet specimens they vary
many shades, from light cinnamon to almost black. If a specimen is
killed soon after transformation the integument will not have become
fully hardened and as a result the color is liable to be pale. The width
of the abdomen varies considerably, especially in the female, where it
is often greatly distended with eggs. In short both size and coloration
are so variable as to be usually unreliable as specific characters.
Sinea Amyot &= Serville.
Sinea Amyot et Skrvii.le (pro parte), Hem., 1843, P- 375 5 StAl, Stett. Ent.
Zeit., XXII, 1861, pp 137, 139; ibuL, XXIII, 1862, p. 443 ; Hem. Afric,
III, 1865, p. 47; Enum. Hem., II, 1872, pp. 67, 70; Glover, MS. Notes
from my jourii., 1876, p. no; Lkth. & Severin, Cat., Ill, 1896, p. 198;
Champion, Biol. Cent. Amer. Rhync, II, 1899, p. 291.
The genus Sinea, which, according to Glover, is from the Hebrew
word "sene" meaning a prickly bush, was established in 1843 by
Amyot and Serville. S. diadeina Fab., is the type. The genus is
recognized by the species having the anterior legs with a dorsal spine
on the femora and spined below on both the femora and the tibife.
The species as now recognized may be separated by the following
table. Sinea spinipcs and sa?igi/is//i^a are connected by intermediate
forms and it seems questionable whether they should be considered
distinct. The extremes, however, are so obviously distinct that I have
thought it best to consider them as good species, especially as they are
so recognized by both Uhler and Champion.
I Anterior prothoracic lobe armed on the disk with spines 2
I. ^ Anterior prothoracic lobe armed on the di.sk only with tubercles, sometimes
I acuminate but usually blunt 6
Posterior prothoracic lobe armed on the disk with sharp spines 3
Posterior prothoracic lobe unarmed on the disk 4
Anterior femora with the terminal spine of the inner inferior row out of align-
ment, occupying rather a sub-dorsal position COmplexa Caud.
Anterior femora with the terminal spine of the inner inferior row not out of
alignment Integra Sfal.
f Gibbosities on the disk of the posterior prothoracic lobe surmounted by a small
tubercle. Sides of the female abdomen very prominently undulate.
4- -) undulata L 'hi.
I Gibbosities on the disk of the posterior prothoracic lobe not surmounted by a
[ small tubercle 5
6.-1
Maich, I90I.] Caudell: The Genus Sinea of ^a/vot ^^ Skrvili.e. 3
r Margins of the female abdomen prominently undulate, the undulations usually
sub-angulate. Male abdomen varying from almost entire to quite
prominently undulate. Length, 12-I4 mm diadema I-'ab.
5. \ Margins of the female abdomen usually inconspicuously undulate, sometimes
more pronounced but rarely so prominent as in diadema ; the undulations
generally rounded. Abdomen of the male entire, or very slightly un-
I dulate. Length, Il-I3mm COnfusa, sp. nov.
[ A pale fascia at the lateral extremity of each abdominal segment. Membrane
of the hemelytra with a longitudinal dusky mark extending to the apex.
Anteocular spines generally short and somewhat blunt rileyi Mont.
The lateral extremity of the fourth abdominal segment without a pale fascia.
I Membrane of the hemelytra generally without a longitudinal dusky mark
I extending to the apex. Anteocular spines variable 7
f Anteocular spines sharp and well defined, the pair next the eyes usually longer
than the terminal pair ., 8
j Anteocular spines blunt, short, usually mere tubercles, the pair next the eyes
[ not distinctly longer than the terminal pair defecta Stal.
Disk of the posterior prothoracic lobe bigibbous. Lateral margins of the ab-
domen, especially of the female, undulate, scarcely so in the males 9
1 Disk of the posterior prothoracic lobe transversely convex, not distinctly bigii)
I bous. Lateral margins of the abdomen not undulate in either sex lo
f Abdomen of both sexes abruptly widened behind COronata Stal.
\ Abdomen of neither sex abruptly widened behind COnfusa, var.
Abdomen of the male emarginate at the apex, subcaudate, margins sub-
parallel caudata Champ.
I Abdomen of the male sub-truncate at the apex, not caudate II
f Abdomen of the male with the margins sub-parallel, of the female widened to
j the apex of the fourth segment raptoria Stal.
j Abdomen of both sexes directly widened to the apex of the fourth segment,
I but narrower in the male than in the female 12
Abdominal segment four and the basal half of segments five and six generally
of the same color as the rest of the abdomen above, or slightly darker.
First pair of anteocular spines usually twice as long as the terminal pair.
Usually less than 12 mm. in length sanguisuga Stal.
Abdominal segment four and the basal half of segments five and six generally
much darker than the rest of the abdomen. First pair of anteocular spines
longer than the terminal pair, but seldom twice as long. Usually more
than 12 mm. in length spillipes Stal.
Sinea diadema Fahr.
(Plate L Fig- i, and Plate H, Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6.)
Cimex niultispinosus DeGkek, Mem., Ill, 1773, P- 34^ (pars).
RednTius diadema Fabkicius, Gen., 1776, ]). 302; *Spec., II, 1781, p. 382; Ins.
Mant., II, 1787, p. 313; Fnt. Syst., IV, 1794, p. 206.
.o.f
4 Journal New York Entomological Society. fvoi. ix.
Cimex hispida Thunberg, Nov. Ins. Sp., II, 1783, p. t,-},.
Cimex diadema Gmelin, Syst. Nat., I, IV, 1788, pp. 21, 96.
Cimex celosus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., I, IV, 1788, pp. 21, 44.
*Zelus diadema Fabricius, Syst. Rhyng., 1803, p. 286.
Reduvius raptatorius Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil., IV, 1825, p. 327; Am.
Ent., II, 1825, p. 72; Comp. Writings, I, 1859, p. 72; ibid., II, 1859, p.
249; Walsh, Prairie Farm., July, 1863; Pract. Ent., II, 1867, p. 43 ; Walsh
and Rli.EY, Amer. Ent., I, 1868, pp. 207, 249 ; Riley, Inj. Ins. Mo., I, 1869,
p. 114; Saunders and Reed, Can. Ent., Ill, 1871, p. 49; Rogers, Can.
Ent., V, 1873, p. 155; Glover, MS. Notes, Hem., 1876, pp. 64, 131.
Siriea viultispinosa Amyot and Serville, Hem., 1843, p. 375 ; Stal, Stelt. Ent.
Zeit., XXII, 1861, p. 139; ibid., XXIII, 1862, p. 443 (part); Walkkr,
Cat. Hem. Brit. Mus., VIII, 1873, pp. 138, 9; Dodge, Field and Forest, II,
1876, p. 67; Glover, MS., Notes, Hem., 1876, pp. 67, 133; Comstock,
Cotton Insects, 1879, p. 169; Hubbard, Orange Insects, 1885, p. 191 ; Eher-
HART, Elem. Ent., 1801, p. 132.
'^ Irantha hispida SXAL, Oifr. Ak. Forh., 1866, p. 264.
Sinea diadema Stal, Enum. Hem., 1872, p. 70 (part); Uhler, Bull. U. S. Geol.
and Geog. Surv., No. 5, 2nd Ser., 1876, p. 326; Bull. U. S. Geo. and Geog.
Surv., Ill, 1877, p. 429; ibid., IV, 1878, p. 508; Riley, Bull. No. 3, U. S.
Ent. Com., 1880, p. 36; Supp. Mo. Rep., 1881, p. 58; 4th Rep. U. S. Ent
Com., 1885, p. 97; LiNTNER, 1st Rep. Ins. N. V., 1882, p. 331 ; ibid., Ilth
Rep., 1896, p. 270; POPENOE, Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., IX, 1885, p. 63;
Uhler, Check List, Hem., 1886, p. 23 ; Saundurs, Ins. Inj. Fruit, 1889,
p. 70; TowNSEND, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, II, 1891, p. 55 ; Blaisdei.l,
Ins. Life, V, 1892, p. 35; Hopkins, Bull. No. 32, W. Va. Agricul. Exp. St.,
1893. p. 232 ; AsHMEAD, Ins. Life, VII, 1895, p. 321 ; Gillette and Baker,
Bull. No. 31, Colo. Agricul. Exp. St., 1895, p. 59; Leth. and Severin, Cat.
Hem., Ill, 1896, p. 198; Heidemann, Proc. Ent. Soc, Wash., IV, 1899,
p. 217 ; Champion, Biol. Cent. Amer. Rhync, II, 1899, p. 292.
Length 12-14 ™i^- Anterior prothoracic lobe armed on the disk with long spines.
Posterior prothoracic lobe unarmed, bigibbous on the disk. Margins of the female
abdomen prominently undulate. Abdomen of the male varying from almost entire to
quite prominently undulate.
Habitat : United States and Canada. Type, Mus. Holm.
I doubt the synonomy of Thunberg' s hispidus as it was described
from India. In Gmelin's Edition of Linnaeus' Syst. Nat., I, (4), p.
2144, 1788, under the name setosiis, it is said to inhabit America,
Australia and India.
This species, as originally defined, occurred in Central America
and Mexico as well as in the United States and Canada. But as re-
cently pointed out by Mr. Champion, the form occurring in Central
America is not diadema. This being true it may be doubted if dia-
devia occurs south of the Mexican border.
March, iQoi.l CaUDEI.1. : I HE C.ENUS SlNEA OK AmVOT &^ Si^'-^^'"-l-l--- 5
This is our most common and best known species and is readily
separable from all others, except corouata, inuiulaia and coii/itsa, by
the distinctly undulated margins of the female abdomen. The spined
anterior prothoracic lobe clearly separates it from coronata but from
confiisa it can be distinguished only by comparative differences, aided
perhaps in some cases by the habitat. It differs from iiiidulata only
in minute details.
The figure of this species on the plate shows an average female
specimen, the undulations of the abdomen probably being a little too
much rounded. In a female specimen in the collection of the
National Museum that is doubtfully referred to this species the pos-
terior prothoracic lobe is not bigibbous on the disk and the margins
of the abdomen are not at all undulate, though the edges show semi-
transparent at intervals, giving them a distinctly undulated appearance.
The egg and first stage of the nymph of this species were described
by Mr. W. H. Ashmead in Insect Life (Vol. VII, p. 321, 1895). As
this, so far as I know, is the only description of immature forms of any
of our Sineas the matter is here reproduced in full.
" Ova, Length, 1. 5 mm. or a little more than twice as long as thick, "of a cylindri-
cal shape, rounded at bottom and truncate at top. The top is surmounted by a broad,
silky, white, marginal fringe, in the center of which is a cone- shaped cap or lid, which
is removed when the young nymph makes its e.xit from the egg."
" A freshly laid cluster of these eggs, deposited Aug. 7th, hatched
on the 17th, so that the duration of the egg state, under ordinary
circumstances, can not be more than ten or twelve days. The eggs
are deposited in clusters to the number of eight, ten, or more, on
either the upper or lower surface of the (cotton) leaf, and are closely
together in a sticky, dark honey-yellow, or reddish-yellow secretion."
" Nym])h, first stage. Length 1.8 mm., and of a piceous or shiny black color ;
the antenna;, except at extreme base, the apical half of middle and posterior tibiae and
all tarsi being brownish yellow, while the middle and hind legs, except as already noted,
are dark, piceous. The antennas are cylindrical, 4-jointed, as long as the body, the
first and last joints being nearly equal in length, while the second and third united are
a little shorter than the first ; the head is large, oblong and smooth, widest anteriorly,
and as long as the thorax, the beak is stout, extending to between the middle coxre ;
the thorax is divided into two lobes, each of which bears a pair of spines ; abdomen
short and not longer than the hind lobe of the thorax ; the anterior femora are longer
and much stouter than the others and armed with strong spines above and beneath,
their tibiae shorter and slenderer, pilose and with three spines beneath ; while the
middle and hind legs are shorter and more slender, without spines although more or
less pilose."
c. Journal New York Entomological Socieiy. [\ui ix-
It eats young cotton-worms and other insects in Mississippi.
Sinea undulata Uhl.
Sinea undulata Uhlkr, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sc, IV, 1894, p. 282 ; Leth. &
Severin, Cat. Hemip., Ill, 1896, p. 199.
Brownish-cinereous, pale gray, pubescent, similar to .S'. diadema, but wider, with
a shorter neck and femora, with the spines more numerous and crowded together on
the front division of the head, with the carinate lines of the middle of the pronotum
prominently and sharply defined, and the knobs each side of the base elevated, and
surmounted by a little tubercle ; three double series of spine-like black tubercles on
the anterior lobe of the pronotum. Venter with a series of oblique, white spots on
each side near the border ; scallops of the lateral border more prominent and placed
farther back than in .S". diadema, the inner margin of corium white. Length to tip of
venter 14-15 mm. Width of pronotum, 3 mm.
Habitat : California.
This species, which will probably prove to be a variety or aberra-
tion of diadema, is quite a characteristic appearing insect. The type
has been seen and it seems to agree perfectly with the description.
None of the many specimens of Sinea examined by me were referable
to this species. The author's description is given above.
Sinea confusa, sp. nov,
Sinea i)iultispinosa%\\\^, Stett. Ent. Zeit., XX HI, 1S62, p. 443 (part).
Sinea diadema Stal., Enum. Hemip., II, 1872, p. 70 (part).
Sinea tindula/a Champion, Biol. Cent. Amer. Rhync, II, 1899, p. 292.
Length 10-13 mm. Prothoracic lobes as in diadema. Abdomen of the female
generally inconspicuously undulate, sometimes more pronounced but never as promi-
nent as in the typical diadema. The undulations usually rounded. Abdomen of
the male entire, or very slightly undulate.
Habitat: Arizona. Type, no. 5364. V. S. Nat. Miis.
This species has hitherto been confounded with diadema. The
two species do approach each other very closely but the extremes are
conspicuously distinct. Coiifusa has been also confounded with un-
dulata, but it is difficult to see how that could occur. The author's
discription oi undulata, it seems, would preclude such a possibility.
Of this species I have seen specimens from California, Arizona
and Texas in the United States and from various localities in Mexico
and Central America. Its habitat will aid to an extent in separating
it from diadema. Specimens sent from Mexico by Mr. Champion
have the abdomens of the females very slightly undulate, while those
of the males are practically entire.
March. loci.l CaI'DELL: ThE GENUS SlNEA OF AmYOT &^ SeRVILI.E. T
In the discussion of this species under the name itiidiilata Mr.
Champion describes a variety thus: " Var. The spines on the
head shorter, and those on the anterior lobe of the pronotum reduced
to conical tubercles, the neck simply granulate ( c? 9 )." He found
intermediate forms connecting the variety with the typical specimens.
The variety is represented in the National Museum by both male and
female specimens.
Sinea coronata Stal.
(Plate I, Fig. 2.)
Sinea coronata Stal, Stett. Ent, Zeit., XXIII, 1862, p. 444 ; Walker, Cat. Hem.
in Brit. Mus., VIII, 1873, P- 138, 9; Uhlkr, Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv.
No. 5, 2nd Ser. 1876, p. 61 ; Uhler, Check List Hem., 1886, p. 23 ; Leth.
& Se\erin, Cat. Hem., Ill, 1896, p. 199; Champion, Biol. Cent. Amer.
Rhync, II, 1S99, p. 292.
Length, 13-15 mm. Anterior prothoracic lobe without spines on the disk,
furnished only with conical tubercles. Posterior lobe unarmed, bigibbous on the disk.
x\bdomen of both sexes abruptly widened behind.
Habitat: United States, Mexico and Central America. Types,
Mus. Holm and Coll. Sign.
This characteristic species is readily distinguished from all others
by the abruptly widened abdomen in both sexes, as illustrated at fig.
2 on plate I. Diadema is its nearest ally, and from it it is distin-
guished at a glance by the anterior prothoracic lobe being without
spines on the disk. It occurs in the southern and western United
States, the specimens in the National Museum being from Texas.
Sinea complexa Can dell.
(Platel, Fig. 3.)
Sinea complexa Caudell, Can. Ent., XXXII, p. 67, 1900.
Length 8-1 1 mm. Anterior prothoracic lobe distinctly spined. Posterior lobe
with well-defined spines on the disk, which is transversly convex, not bigibbous.
Abdomen with well-rounded sides, margins entire. Anterior femora with the last two
ventral spines of the inner row out of alignment, the terminal one the more so, being
sub-dorsally located.
Habitat : This is a western species described from California and
also collected in Arizona. A s])ecimen in the collection of the
National Museum is labelled "Alabama," probably erroneously so.
Type no. 4433, U. S. Nat. Mus.
This well-marked little species is at a glance recognized from all the
other species, Integra alone excepted, by the posterior prothoracic lobe
S Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. \x.
being distinctly spined on the disk. The peculiar armature of the an-
terior femora serves to separate U from intei^ra.
For the drawings illustrating this species I am indebted to Miss
Lillie L. Howenstein.
Sinea Integra Stdl.
(Plate I, Fig. 4.)
Sinea iuiet^ra Stal, Stett. Ent. Zeit., XXIII, 1862, p. 443; Enum. Hemip., II,
1872, p. 71 ; Walker, Cat. Hem. in Brit. Mus., VIII, 1873, P- ^S^, 9 ; Uhlkk,
Check List Hem., 1886, p. 23; Leth. & Severin, Cat. Hemip., Ill, 1896, p.
199; Champion, Biol. Cent. Anier. Rhync, II, 1899, p. 294.
Both lobes of the piothorax armed with spines, disk of the posterior lobe con-
vex. Abdomen not undulate. Anterior femora with none of the ventral spines out
of alignment.
Habitat: Mexico and Central America. Type, Mus. Holm.
Mr. Champion examined the type of this species in the Signoret
collection and found it to be a m?i\e confusa {iindu/ata). He also ex-
amined the type (male) in the Stockholm Museum and presumably
found it with the posterior prothoracic lobe spined as he expressly
defines integra as a species with this character. By reason of his hav-
ing seen nearly all the types of Stal's species his definition oi integra
is accepted with confidence.
Of all the specimens of Sinea examined by me 1 ha\e found not
one integra. Stal described it from Mexico and ten years later while
writing of it he gives only Mexico as its habitat. I have seen American
specimens labelled as integra but in every case they were either obvious
mis-identifications or the males of confiisa which they doubtless much
resemble. It will probably develop that American authors have
wrongly interpreted this species and that it is not native to the United
States at all. Champion saw but six specimens, exclusive of the type.
This would indicate that this is a comparatively rare species. It is
said to resemble diadema in general form but the sides of the abdomen
are not undulate and the posterior prothoracic lobe is not bigibbous on
the disk. The figure is copied from Champion.
Sinea caudata CJiavipion.
(Plate I, Fig. 5.)
Sinea caudata CilAMi'iON, Biol. Cent. Amer. Rhync, II, 1899, p. 293.
Length 8-10.5 "J^^^- Anterior prothoracic lobe armed with sharp. tubercles, poste-
rior lobe unarmed, convex. Margins of abdomen entire. Male abdomen subcaudate
with the apex emarginate.
March, i.joi] Caudeli, : The Genus Sinea of Amvot .^^ Si-'.Ki'ii.i.i-:. 9
Habitat : Central America. Type Brit. Mus.
This Central American species is very closely allied to 6". raptoria
but the males may by separated by the apex of the abdomen as given
in the table of species. The females are practically inseparable. The
tubercles on the anterior lobe of the prothorax are somewhat more
acute in caudata than in raptoria. The author had before him five
males and six females.
Sinea raptoria Stdl.
(Plate I, Fig. 6.)
Sinea raptoria Stal, Stett. Ent. Zeit., XXIII, 1862, p. 444 ; Walker, Cat. Hemip.
Meter. Brit. Mus., VIII, 1873, PP- 138, I39 ; Uhi.er, Bull. U. S. Geol. &
Geog. Surv. No. 5, 2d Sen, 1876, p. 61 ; Check List Hemip., 1886, p. 23;
Leth. & Severin, Cat. Hemip., Ill, 1896, p. 199 ; Hubbard, Supp. Psyche,
1899, p. 6 ; Champion, Biol. Cent. Amer. Rhync, II, 1899, p. 293.
Sinea denticuiosa St.al, Emim. Hemip., II, 1872, p. 70; Leth. & Severin, Cat.
Hemip., Ill, 1896, p. 198.
Length, 8-1 1 mm. Anterior prothoracic lobe armed with short conical tubercles.
Posterior lobe unarmed, convex on the disk. Abdomen entire, not caudate, sub-
truncate at apex.
Habitat : United States, Mexico and Central America. Types,
Mus. Holm, and Coll. Sign.
Mr. Champion established the synonymy oi denticuiosa with raptoria
by critically comparing their respective types and finding them in-
separable.
This species is closely related to caudata and sanguisuga, but may
be separated from them by characters given in the table. The males
are necessary for a correct determination.
Raptoria is comnion to the United States, Mexico and Central
America, but with us it has been recorded only from the western
States.
Sinea sanguisuga Stat.
(Plate I, Figs 7 and 8).
Sinea sangustiga Stal, Stett., Ent. Zeit., XXIII, 1862, p. 444; Enum. Hemip.,
II, 1872, p. 71; Walker, Cat. Hem. Het. Brit. Mus., VIII, 1873, p. 138,
139; Uhler, Check List Hem., 1886, p. 23 ; Leth. & Severin, Cat. Hemip.,
III, 1896, p. 199; Champion, Biol. Cent. Amer. Rhync, II, 1899, p. 294.
Length 10-13 mm. First pair of anteocular spines usually twice as long as the
third pair. Thorax as in raptoria. Abdomen entire, outer angles of the fourth seg-
ment sometimes prominent or subdentiform, especially in the male, where sometimes
the fifth segment is also slightly prominent. Segments four and basal half of segments
five and six usually of the same color as the rest of the abdomen, sometimes slightly
darker.
10 JouKNAi. New York Entomological Society. [Vol ix.
Habitat: United States, Mexico and Central America. Type,
Miis. Holm.
The table will enable the student to separate this species from the
other members of the genus. Some difficulty may be experienced in
separating it from spinipes as the differences here are but relative. The
abdomens of the males are usually sharply angulated on the fourth
segment, sometimes also on the fifth. The specimens in the National
Museum are from Texas.
Sinea spinipes Hen-.-Sch.
Harpador spmipes IlERRlCH-ScH.liFi-ER, Wanz. Ins., VIII, 1848, p. 82.
Sniea spinipes Stal, Enum. Heinip., II, 1872, p. 71; Uhler, Check List Hem.,
1886, p. 23; Leth. & Severin, Cat. Hemip., Ill, 1896, p. 199; Champion,
Biol. Cent. Amer. Rhync, II, 1899, p. 295.
Length, 12-15 mm. First pair of anteocular spines seldom twice as long as the
third. Thorax as in sangidsuga. Abdomen entire. The fourth and basal half of
segments five and six of the abdomen generally conspicuously darker than the rest of
the body, usually more constant in the females.
Habitat : United States, Mexico and South America?
This species was described and figured from South America by
Herrich-Schaeffer in 1848, but it has never since been reported from
that locality. In 1872 Stal gave its habitat as Mexico. It occurs all
over the southern and central parts of the United States. Its closest
ally is satiguisuga and the diff'erences. enumerated in the table will
usually separate them. The range of spinipes seems to extend farther
north than does that o^ sa/igiiisuga, the latter species generally occurring
only in the extreme southern states. The distinct black band across
the abdomen especially in the females, will usually serve to separate it
from its allies, though this is sometimes seen, to a lesser extent in
sangiiisuga and especially in defccta. The long anteocular spines at
once separated it from the latter species.
Sinea rileyi Motitafuh/i.
Sinea rileyi Montaxdon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas., XVI, 1893, p. 51 ; Uhler, N.
A. Fauna, No. 7, 1895, p. 250; Leth. & Severin, Cat. Hemip., Ill, 1896, p.
199; Champion, Biol. Cent. Amer. Rhync, II, 1899, p. 295.
Length, 9.5-12 mm. Head with large tubercles or short blunt spines before the
eyes instead of well developed spines. Anterior prothoracic lobe armed with tubercles
posterior lobe unarmed, convex on the disk. A pale fascia at the lateral extremity of
each segment of the abdomen, which is entire and with the margins well rounded, not
at all angulated at the sides in either sex. Membrane of the hemelytra with a longi-
tudinal dusky mark extending to the tip, rarely obsolete or not easily seen.
Habitat : United States. Type, Coll. Montandon.
March, igoi.] CaUDELL : ThE GENUS SiNEA OK ^.1/K() 7" ^- .SaA' / 7/./. A. 11
This species is somewhat allied to saiiguisuga and related forms,
but the short anteocular spines will serve to distinguish it from all ex-
cept defecta, in which case the characters given in the table will serve
to distinguish it. It was described from California and there are
specimens in the National Museum from Texas and Arizona. There
is also a single specimen labelled ' ' North Carolina. ' ' This seems quite
out of its ordinary range and the specimen may be wrongly labelled.
The antennae of this species are obscurely ringed with pale bands
on the first segment, in some cases scarcely visible.
Sinea defecta Stdl.
(Plate I, Fig. 9.)
Sinea defecta Stal, Stett. Ent. Zeit., XXIII, 1862, p. 445 ; Envini. Ilemip., II, 1872,
p. 71 ; Walker, Cat. Hemip. Heter. Brit. Mus., VIII, 1873, pp. 139, 140;
Uhler, Check List Hemip., 1886, p. 23 ; Leth. & Severin, Cat. Hemip., Ill,
1896, p. 198 ; Champion, Biol. Cent. Amer. Rhync, II, 1899, p. 295.
Length, II-13.5 mm. Head and thorax as in rileyi. Abdomen entire, seg-
ment four without a pale fascia. The fourth and basal half of segments five and six
of the abdomen usually darker than the rest of the body, generally more constant in
the females. Abdomen of the male with the apical angle of the fourth segment
slightly prominent or subangulate. Membrane of the hemelytra without a longitudinal
dusky mark.
Habitat: Mexico and Central America. Type, Museum Holm.
This species resembles spiuipes in coloration, size and form but is
at once distinguished from it, as well as from all others, by having
only very short blunt spines or tubercles on the anterior part of the
head. This character is shown at figure 9 on plate I.
Fig. I
Fig. 2
Fig- 3
Fig. 4
Fig- 5
Fig. I
Fig. 2
Fig- 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.
Sinea diadema Fab. Fig. 6. Sinea raploria StAi..
" coronata StaL. Fig. 7. " sanguisiiga St.\L.
" coinplexa Caud. P'ig. 8. " sanguisuga Stai,.
" integi-a Siki,. Fig. 9. " defec/a Stm..
" caiidata ChamP.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE II.
Acholla imdtispinosa Dec. 9- (Tip of abdomen, ventral view.)
" " "9- (Tip of abdomen, apical view. )
Sinea diadema F.\B. (Hemielytron. )
" " " (Wing.)
" " " (Fore leg. )
(Claw.)
Acholla multispinosa Dec. $ . (Tip of abdomen, ventral view.)
" " " ^- (Tip of abdomen, apical view. )
1 -2 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
LIFE-HISTORY OF PLATYSENTA VIDENS GUEN.
l!v Otto Seikkki.
Southward from Astoria, New York to the railroad and eastward
to the little village of Woodside, spreads a pasture-like tract of land,
interrupted by sand pits and boggy depressions, the latter being cov-
ered a few months in the year by rank vegetation. Every tree and
bush of this once wooded region has been removed and almost noth-
ing is left but the sandy soil, covered with a low growth of frugal
grasses. Mortified nature, to relieve the monotonous landscape, has
compassionately ornamented this desert with some of its hardiest
plants. Euthainia p-aminifolia, E. caroliniaiia, different species of
Aster and Linaria tin aria, in small fields and patches, cover the
ground. Most abundant are the two species of Euthamia and, as
these are shunned by cattle, their dense yellow flower clusters and
emerald green foliage last until late in October. The smaller one, E.
caroliniana, reaches an average height of twelve inches. The dry,
brown stems of the previous season mostly persist, forming with the
young shoots (both Euthamia are perennial by rootstocks) low,
spreading patches. These spots are the favorite habitat of the Platy-
senta larvre. Here they find a shelter against the parching rays of
the sun, protection against rain and a comparatively safe place for
their final transformations. The oval cocoons or earth cells are formed
in the sandy soil near or on the surface, supported and screened by
the superficial roots of the food-plant. Only in a few cases larv?e
were found feeding on species of Solidago, while hundreds might
have been collected without trouble within these patches of Euthamia.
The moth oi Platysenta videns appears in three generations. The
first leaves its cocoon late in May, finishing its course of life early in
July, while larvie of the last brood may be found till the middle of
October. The caterpillars are most abundant from August till Oc-
tober. They do not feed on the flower clusters, only on the leaves.
During the day time they rest on the stems and leaves of the food
plant, stretched closely to their resting places, the small, flat head, ex-
tended forward and the well -developed anal legs spreading and pro-
jecting posteriorly. The normal color of the fully grown larva
is the rather pale, dull green of the Euthamia leaf, with fine dor-
March, igoi.] SeIFERT : LlFE-HlSTORY OF PlATYSENTA VIDENS. 13
sal, subdorsal and lateral white lines and a broad white stigmatal band.
It would be difficult to detect them were it not for this white band.
When disturbed they emit, like many other caterpillars, a yellowish
brown or greenish juice. At least 75 per cent, of the larvae follow
this type. Another form is chocolate brown with the same lines.
Between these two forms a variety of lighter brown shades to olive
green are found. The variety in color has nothing to do with the sex
or coloration of the imago, neither does the color protect the larvae
from the attacks of their parasites, as the dark forms are infested in
the same proportion as the normal green form.
Of the parasites, Frofoinicrop/ifis callipfera Say, is most abundant.
This and a dipteron, Winthemia quadripustulata Fab., may be seen
hovering over the blossoms of the food-plant. As the grubs of the
parasites leave the caterpillars before the latter form their cells, the
little whitish oval cocoons of the Protomicroplitis may often be found
fastened to the leaves and twigs, though as a rule the grubs bury them-
selves in the ground deeper than their hosts. Tanisais gefmnatus
Say, is a larger, but far rarer parasite infesting them.
The larvcC and pupae of the moth are hardy and develop easily
even when forced by heat, the pup^e of the parasites being more
sensitive. The caterpillars do not appear to be much subject to
contagious larval diseases — muscardine and flaccidencia — though
both diseases are usually most infectious and many larvae of Arctia
arge, Arctia na'is, Leucarctia acrcea, Arsilonche alboz'enosa, etc., are
killed by the first named disease and found as stiff, whitish corpses on
top of grass blades and stems within and around the habitat of the
Platysenta, while the pretty, adaptive larva of CiiciiUia asteroides feed-
ing fret[uently on the blossoms of Solidago and Euthamia are often
found affected or destroyed by the latter disease.
The summer-heat quickly develops the moth, the copulation is of
short duration and the female at once deposits her eggs singly or not
more than six on a leaf. They are not fastened very tightly and may
be shaken off by beating.
The larvae were plentiful in the district alluded to above. Several
places in Westchester Co., where E . graminifolia grows plentifully i^E.
caroliniana is far more local), were carefully searched for the larvae,
but none were found. Even virgin females exposed there did not
find mates. These localities are mostly boggy or rocky. Common
as the moth is, it still seems to be confined to certain conditions and
14 Journal New York Entomological Society. [voi. ix.
one of these, besides the presence of one of the Euthamia, is a light
and dry sandy soil, where water can not collect.
May 24th, six females were exposed near Woodside in three different
places. Earlier trials with prematurely appearing females had been un-
successful. A heaAy rain set in that night lasting until the following
noon : nevertheless early in the morning two of the females were
found fertilized, they deposited eggs by degrees until May 27th, when
they died.
^^i,X- — Almost spherical, slightly higher than the widest diameter
of 0.5 mm., pale yellowish green. Around the sunken, circular,
shallow vertex arise eight equidistant prominent ribs, eight to ten more
arise above the middle of the egg, so that at the base sixteen to twenty
vertical equally well defined, rather robust ribs pass across the base,
eighteen to twenty equidistant stride cross horizontally, giving the
empty eggshell the appearance of being covered with a fine regular
network.
The yellowish green color of the egg changes after 36 to 48 hours
to a paler green ; a purplish brown stripe encircling the middle and a
spot of the same color spreading gradually from the vertex ; soon the
whole upper half is pale purplish brown, the vertical ribs, especially
those near the summit, turning transparent and colorless. By June
2d all the eggs had hatched, the young larvte eating an opening side-
ways, leave the colorless membrane intact.
Stage I. — Soon after hatching the young larvte become active,
collecting in numbers on the branchlets and at the slightest touch sus-
pend themselves by silken threads. They are slender, about 2.5-3.0
mm. long when resting, slightly widening from the third thoracic seg-
ment towards head. Head perceptibly wider than the body, flat, uni-
formly very light brownish, clypeus paler, ocelli darker brown.
Ground color yellowish green, but being almost transparent the con-
tents of the inner organs changes the color to various tints of darker
green. The larv?e are geometrid-like, distinctly hunched on eleventh
segment ; the first two pairs of abdominal legs undeveloped. Tuber-
cles small, black, the single bristles about half as long as the width of
the body, also black. Feet concolorous with body. Thoracic feet
spread sideways when walking.
5/r/////i and Jral>is), here and there a little bunch of violets, the
little creeping potentilla and the omnipresent Lcoutodon taraxacum
scattered throughout the soft and flowery carpet to complete the pic-
ture which is one of the homes and haunts of Tliecla damon.
This little Thccla is one of the best judges of fine scenery. The
red cedar which is the food-plant of Thecla damon is common on
many places in the Oranges, but Thecla damoii will not be found
wherever cedar abounds. I searched the Orange Mountains for miles
and came across many groves of cedar but found Thecla damon only
on one spot and I dare say the prettiest and most picturesque spot of
the whole mountain range.
When I took this insect first I found it very difficult to capture. It
would skip swiftly from flower to flower, and as soon as it found itself
persecuted it would suddenly drop with folded wings into the grass,
the green underside of its wings being a perfect protection from
being discovered. Another time I visited this spot in search of
Thecla damon. I failed to find a single specimen. It was the right
season, a beautiful day and early in the afternoon. So I began to in-
spect the cedar bushes and found that this insect was hovering quite in
abundance about the cedar tops, but out of reach of my net. In order
to locate them I knocked against the cedar trees to scare them up, but
only secured three or four specimens that day. Another time I
came better prepared. I had a 4 feet extension to my net, but there
March, I90I.] HaRRIS : CiCINDELID/E OI'' Mt. DeSERT, MaINE. 21
was no need for it that day, as they were skipping about quite low,
partly on cedar, partly on potentilla and mountain cress. Another
time I went there and found this little T]iecla at his old tricks, eluding
my net by dropping into the grass.
This habit, however, seems to be common with various Thecla. I
noticed it especially on Thecla nip/ion, tifits, inis and augiistits all of
which I took specimens on the same place. The only difference
being that the latter Thecla, having brownish undersides, would
select bare ground, rocks or dry twigs to drop thereon, and if not very
carefully watched their whereabouts would be quite problematic to the
pursuer.
CICINDELID^ OF MT. DESERT, MAINE.
By Edw. Doubleday Harris.
A persistent search for Cicindelidse in the Island of Mt. Desert, on
the coast of Maine, was undertaken by the writer in August (8-28) of
the past season. The field covered was that portion of the island south
of a line drawn from Newport Mt. on the east coast to Seal Cove on
the west. But four species were found, loiigihibris, purpurea limbalis
Klug, vulgaris, and a variety of repanda. The ground is not favorable
for the preservation of the genus. Sea beaches are infrequent and con-
tracted, and generally of a pebbly material, the coast being almost
universally rocky, and often of precipitous cliffs. There are but few
sand deposits in this part of the island, and the banks of the streams
and ponds are heavily wooded.
Longilabris occurs nowhere plentifully, distributed along the roads,
generally through woods, but where there is an abundance of sunlight.
In a day's outing, it was possible to take from five to eight specimens.
Out of fifty, taken during the period, there was but little departure
from the type, either in color or markings. Perhaps ten per ct. were
of a slightly brownish hue ; three or four specimens had abnormally
large humeral and apical spots, and in as many all markings were some-
Avhat obscure. The species, as here observed, has a higher and longer
flight than is usual with the genus, a distance of fifty to seventy feet
being not uncommon. Its large size and dark color render pursuit
easy. It is not wary, and once located on the ground can be readily
taken with the net.
28 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
Purpurea var. limbalis Klug, was the common species. It occurred
on sunny roads, often in considerable numbers. A field near Bass
Harbor, on both sides of the road, sparsely covered with grass, was
over-run with them. The markings were (juite constant and close to
type, but the color varied considerably, with decided inclination to-
wards the duller green tones ; specimens of the brilliant reddish hue,
so common in the West, were absent. Purpurea itself was not seen.
The repauda variety was interesting. It was quite sparsely dis-
tributed over the open roads, occurring generally with limbalis. In
one single locality, a bit of hard, bare ground at the edge of a small
pond in the woods, it was taken repeatedly, and in some abundance.
In size, color and markings it resembles the var. iluotleci/ni;uflata, ex-
cept that the middle band is somewhat more plainly marked. Save
for its slightly larger size and darker tone of color it is hardly distin-
guishable from specimens taken by the writer on similar ground at
Mt. Savage in western Maryland, in June, or from specimens in his
cabinet from California, designated " ore^i^vua.'" Some fifty individ-
uals of the variety in question were secured at Mt. Desert, and in all
the same characteristics prevailed. Repaiula, for some unaccountable
reason, was not encountered, except in one single instance.
Vulgaris was very abundant in a single sandy spot in the woods.
Many of the specimens were noticeable for the attenuated and pro-
longed humeral lunule, approaching var. obliquata.
Special search was made in the hope of taking sexguttata, ancocis-
conensis and hcntzii. The summits of several high hills, and that of
Pemetic Mt. , where large exposed surfaces of granitic rock are fre-
quent, were searched for the two last, but fruitlessly. The genus, so
far as observed, seemed altogether absent from the higher localities, as
well as from the sea coast. Shady wood paths, where sexguilata and
its varieties love to dwell, yielded nothing though carefully searched.
Even ubiquitous /////(•/// /(i'A/ was altogether absent.
March, igoi.] SmITH : On SoME DlGGER BeES. 29
NOTES ON SOME DIGGER BEES.— I.
By John B. Smith, Sc. D.
One of the most interesting collecting regions that I have ever
found is in the New Jersey Pines. At first sight there is nothing very
attractive about them — mostly sand, covered by oak scrub or briars,
fields or opens of Indian grass, stunted pines, then a swamp more or
less cedar covered, from which runs a little stream through a lowland
which is very apt to be in cranberries. The impression gained from
the car windows riding to Atlantic City, Cape May or other shore re-
sorts, from New York or Philadelphia, is of dreary desolation, intense
heat in summer, flocks of mosquitoes and general hopelessness. Yet
this impression is utterly erroneous. There is more difference in level
than first appears and, while there are no high hills, there is fall enough
for rapid streams affording water power for numerous mills — many of
them now dropping to pieces and disused. There are really many
very pretty bits of quiet landscape and here and there a large pond
courteously dubbed a " lake " affords fishing and even rowing. Lake-
wood and Browns Mills are Pine resorts not unknown to the fashionable
world, but they are by no means the best points in the region. To
the naturalist this area is of never-failing interest. The flora which
at first seems so uniform is really very rich and varied ; while as to
insects the records in my Catalogue of the species found in New Jersey
will indicate something of the faunal wealth.
Years ago I became acquainted with Mr. J. Turner Brakeley, of
Bordentown, N. J., who spends each season, a large portion of his
time in the pines, in Ocean County. There are cranberry bogs there
and in the course of my studies on the insects injuring this crop I spent
some time at Lahaway, as Mr. Brakeley's place is called. This is well
in the pines, several miles from any railroad, and two miles or more
from the nearest group of houses dignified by the name of village —
Prospertown, in which nobody prospers.
Mr. Brakeley knows the pines and their inhabitants ; knows much
of botany and something of entomology ; but better than all, he has
the faculty of close observation. Almost every year for a long time
past I have managed to spend a few days with him, alone with nature
— he keeps bachelor's hall — and on our tramps we frecjuently discussed
30 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vo,. ix,
the numerous indications of underground life. This particular locality
is peculiarly adapted to the requirements of burrowing insects and
every road, every opening in the woods and almost every sand field
showed little heaps of sand ; here, there and everywhere. There is
first of all from six to eighteen inches of light drift sand, dry as can
be in summer and light enough to blow away on the surface ; but
moist a few inches down and very compact. Below this comes an
admixture of fine clay, often colored by iron to a rusty red, and below
this there is usually a layer of gravel or sand or both. Strata follow
each other in this way eight feet down and more, on the level, none
of them more than a foot or two thick and all easy digging except in
the gravel which is sometimes very hard and mixed with iron stone.
Bees, wasps, spiders and ants we saw disappearing into holes in the
ground and there ended our knowledge of them. Of course I wished
to know more and talked learnedly of what little the books said on
the subject. Mr. Brakeley listened patiently and finally proposed to
get plaster casts of the burrows as the easiest way of finding out the
truth. When I proved skeptical as to the feasibility of the i)lan he
tried it quietly after I left and succeeded. He is, therefore, entitled
to full credit for the method by which the information, here given,
was obtained. After many trials he found that a good quality ot
plaster was essential to the best results, and I obtained dental plaster
for the purpose. This was mixed measure for measure with water,
i. e., one ounce measure of plaster was dumped into one ounce measure
of water, the mixture was rapidly stirred and poured while perfectly
liquid into the surface opening of the burrow to be investigated. The
water drained rapidly into the moist soil and the cast set rapidly, some
holes taking as much as eight ounces of liquid plaster. This was com-
paratively easy ; the wearisome task was digging out these casts which
went down way beyond the limits I had supposed possible. The first
work was done on burrows made by spiders, which were large and
easily filled ; but in 1898 almost the entire summer was put into work
with bees.
Colletes com pacta Cress.
The determination of this species, which is one of the earliest of
its tribe, I owe to Mr. Wm. J. Fox. It is on the wing early in March
and its burrows were first noted by Mr. Brakeley on March 12th. At
that time groups of from 10 to 20 little mounds of yellow sand were
March, igoi.l SmITH : On SoME DiGGER BeES. 31
noticed, indicating a depth of from six to twelve inches. From ap-
pearance some of these mounds had been there from 2 to 4 days.
They were about i^ inches in diameter and half an inch high, with a
central opening less than one (juarterof an inch in diameter. On the
13th over 200 were seen on the same area and on March 15 th the
ground was dotted with mounds everywhere in groups of from 5 to 1 5
or more. On this date one of the burrows was followed down to 18
inches without finding the end and several of the bees were taken
making determination possible. Plaster casting was now begun and
the casts obtained ran from 10 to 17 inches in length, a little twisted
or bent near the surface, then dropping down almost vertically.
Some burrows, however, were absolutely vertical from the top to
the bottom.
March 17th, at a distance of 20 inches from the surface, one cast
showed a lateral, set off at an obtuse angle downward from the main
gallery.
March 20th a parchment-like cell was found at the end of a lateral.
This cell was about three-fifths of an inch in length, less than one
quarter of an inch in diameter, a trifle dilated centrally, though this
may have been due to removal from soil, was rounded at the outer or
lower closed end and squarely truncate at the upper or open end. In
texture it was close and very thin, transparent, not very tough, yet
scarcely to be called brittle. It was evidently not intended to be re-
sistant, but to keep clean the pasty mass with which it was to be filled.
March 27th to 31st, bees were engaged in filling these food sacs
and on April ist the first completed brood cell with egg in place and
finally sealed was found. Of the casts secured up to this time the
longest was 27 inches, the range for the beginning of the lateral being
from 20 to 27 inches. The laterals themselves varied from 2 to 4
inches, an extreme of 6 inches being observed in rare instances. Cells
not sealed were filled with plaster when cast, the membraneous cover-
ing forming a shining surface at the end. When sealed the closed
cell hung loosely to the end of the cast.
The food stored in the brood cells is a pasty mixture of honey and
pollen, but where the insects secured the material at that season was
not ascertained. The cell is less than half filled with food and the
egg, which is quite large and crescent-shaped, is attached at one side
by one end and so curved that the opposite tip rests on the surface of
the food mass. The entire insect is less than 11 mm. in length, of
o2 Journal New Yokk En'icmoi.cgical Society. [Voi. ix.
which the female abdomen is rather more than 5 mm. The egg
slightly exceeds 3 mm. in length.
The interval from the beginning of the burrow to the time when
the first egg is laid seems, therefore, to be from 18 to 20 days, of
which 5 were rainy. Three of the 5 bad days came while the insects
were storing food and probably delayed the completion of the work.
When the cell is filled and an egg is laid the upper end is closed by a
flat disc of the same parchment-like material as that constituting the
rest of the cell and set in a little inside the ragged upper edge. When
completed one of these cells is not unlike in appearance to a short 32
cartridge, and Mr. Brakeley and myself fell into the habit of referring
to them as "cartridges" loaded or empty, as they were or were not
filled with food. I'he material of which the pouch is composed is
probably altogether salivary. There is no fibrous structure apparent
and no mixture of extraneous materials. In casting these burrows the
plaster ran to the disc closing the cell, adhered to it and to the slightly
projecting rim, so vve obtained the perfect cell whenever there was one
in place.
The early days of April were unpleasant, rain and snow closing
out insect work and leveling the surface so that the location of bur-
rows was not readily visible. However, on the 7th, two casts made
showed one loaded and one empty cartridge.
Field work was discontinued until April 2 2d and now for the first
time we ran against a burrow that seemed to have been filled up. It
was assumed that this was due to accident, and no further examination
was made. It became probable, in the light of later developments,
that this was really a completed burrow in which the bee had made
all the brood cells that were considered desirable and which had then
filled up normally to the top.
April 23(1, a number of holes were filled with plaster in a locality
marked in March, and these required an unexpectedly small amount
of plaster. When the casts were dug out they were unusually short,
and some of them had a heel of variable length below the lateral, as
if the bee had decided to continue its perpendicular. This was what
we expected would happen from published accounts, hence it attracted
no special attention. Continuing to dig, however, a second, loaded
cartridge, was found below, though not in line with the first, and the
burrow leading to it had become filled with sand, which, from its
color, had evidently been derived from an u|)per level. This led to
March, igoi.] SmITH: On SoME DiGGER BeES. 33
further investigations, and from a large number of casts and excava-
tions it was found, by April 30th, that the burrows made in March and
early April were gradually filling up, and that the heel of the cast be-
low a lateral, indicated the existence of a loaded cell or cells at lower
levels. A reexamination of the casts showed a heel present as early
as April 4th. As it happened, a cast had been made on that day which
for some reason was not at once taken up. Dug out on the 24th, a
heel was found and below it a loaded cell.
April 23d, one cell was found in which the larva had apparently
just hatched, but no others of this character were discovered — all were
yet in the egg stage. This larva retained the position of the egg for
a long time, the mouth parts just touching the surface of the food
mass. Many of these cells taken up in the last days of April were
undoubtedly placed in the earliest burrows, hence the egg stage is an
unusually long one.
By May ist Mr. Brakeley felt himself justified in writing as fol-
lows : "But several facts I have absolutely settled. She digs a very
crooked tube, depending on the soil status ; but generally starts in on
a crook. She first burrows to the full depth to which she is going,
begins to pouch at the bottom and the first egg is laid at the bottom.
Then she goes upward to start the second pouch. * * * Varies from
three to five pouches and then starts again in a new place." Except
that we never found more than four pouches connected with any one
burrow, all these conclusions were verified by later experience. Of
the cartridges secured at this time a number were placed in vials in
the hope of securing larvae and later stages ; but in no case did I suc-
ceed in getting any beyond the larval stage.
May 1 3- 1 6th I spent at Lahaway and, although I dug out quite a
number of cartridges, all loaded, I found none in which the larvae had
hatched. Nor did I find any new diggings at this time ; the Colletes
period was evidently over for that year, the females had done their
work and the brood for the next year was provided for.
Mr. Brakeley's observations as to the rate of digging is that they go
down about 5 inches a day. This is easily ascertainable because of
the stratification of the sand and clay previously noted. The charac-
ter of the fresh soil at the surface from each burrow, tells almost
exactly how far down the specimen is, when once one is familiar with
the sequence of the layers.
June 4th and 5th were again spent at Lahaway, and on this date no
34 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
adult bees were observed. They were not found about flowers, in the
woods, on the sand fields or in the burrows. They seemed to have
disappeared comjjletely and places where they were abundant in March
and April showed, as the only signs of their former presence, nothing
but discolored patches showing where a mound had been located; the
discoloration being due to the clay that had been brought up from
lower levels by the bees.
On this point I may say that in my collection I have specimens
dated June ist, taken at Lahaway in previous years, and it may be that
in some seasons they fly later than others. x\ll these late examples
are males. Of the specimens sent me by Mr. Brakeley in 1898, more
than half were males and all were taken late in March or early April
going into or coming out of a burrow. It seems, therefore, as if the
males sought out the females in their own homes and the females may
begin to dig even before they have been impregnated. It seems
probable too that the males may live for some time, after no more
females are to be found. But on this point it needs continuous obser-
vation and collection from the first appearance of the species until
no more examples are to be seen.
Starting from a group of the discolored patches already mentioned,
and digging a trench two feet deep as a starting point the old burrow
may be traced down by the difference in color of the sand; so that
first the laterals and afterward the cartridges could be found. In no
case did I find more than three cartridges in connection with a single
tube : usually there are only two and not infrequently a single one
only was found. As to direction from the vertical burrow, the insect
rarely places one cell directly above another. In one cast that I dug
out a cartridge was found nearly six inches from the main tube in one
direction and a second was found almost as far away from the tube in
the other. That is, there was a distance of fully ten inches between
the two cells, and, in this case, not much difference in level.
From the diggings now made, in one case reaching 28 inches, and
from the casts already in hand the habit of the species could be clearly
made out. Perhaps it may be as well to say that digging for loaded
bee cartridges even where they should be abundant is not so easy a
task. As the net result of three hours' digging on one day Mr.
Brakeley secured only one filled cell! Of course on other days he did
better, but there are a number of probable seekers after this honey
store so that, the later in the season it gets, the fewer loaded cells can
March, I90I.] SmITH : On SdMF. DiGGEK BeES. 85
be found. In one case a lot of red ants were found robbing the store
and where ants are as plentiful as they are at Lahaway, no doubt they
are responsible for the disappearance of many bee cells.
It seems certain that Collates coinpacta digs down from the first to
the extreme depth of the burrow ; it runs off then, to one side, from
two to four or rarely six inches, makes and fills a cell and lays an egg
in it. Two or three inches higher another lateral is started, running
in a different direction, and the sand taken from this lateral is dropped
into the main tube whence it washes into the first lateral so that when
the second is completed, the first is pretty well filled up. The second
lateral is filled with material from the third if a third is run and, finally,
the entire tube is filled ; whether gradually by a sifting in of sand
from the top, or intentionally by the insect, I cannot say. It is cer-
tain, at all events, that the burrows do not remain open and that the
young bees that hatch two feet more or less below the surface, must
dig up through the soil to that point. Whether they follow the line
of the parent burrow in doing this, or whether they work out on lines
of their own, is not yet known. One finds in digging about after the
new cartridges, old ones that are filled with sand and black with decay.
Evidently its old larval home serves the new bee by providing a first
space to store the sand removed in getting out. Unless the mother
bee lays not over three eggs, she must make two or more diggings.
July ist, spent part of the morning in digging for more cartridges
and as the net result found four in which were larv?e so far developed
that they came near to filling the entire cell. Nearly all the food
store had been devoured and growth must have been nearly completed.
Expecting to secure other examples these larvae were put into alcohol,
but no other specimens were found in spite of all digging. Nor could
I secure any others later in the season. The date of pupation is thus
left undetermined, and it is also uncertain whether or not the insects
reach the adult stage in the fall and winter in the ground, or whether
they winter as pupae and change to adults very early in spring. I
would be inclined to believe that the change takes place in fall, be-
cause so early as these insects appear, the soil does not feel spring
warmth sufficient to induce much active cell development, while it is
probably enough to induce an already mature individual to start for
the surface.
To recapitulate : Colletes cotnpacta makes its appearance — both
sexes — prior to March 12th and the females begin at once to dig bur-
36 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
rows which extend from 1 8 to 28 inches down. Males may be taken
about these burrows, as well as females. Late in March cells are
formed and stored with pollen and honey in the form of a pasty mix-
ture filling less than half the cell. Eggs may be first noted at the be-
ginning of April and none hatch before the end of that month — the
majority not until the middle of May or later. At least a month may
be counted for this stage. Larvae are nearly full grown July ist and
probably ready to pupate by the middle of that month ; which gives
a growing period of from six to eight weeks. Beyond this all positive
knowledge ends. Adult males have been taken up to June ist ; females
have not been observed after the beginning of May. The bee begins
making cells from the bottom of the burrow and works up, never mak-
ing more than four and rarely more than two cell -bearing laterals from
one upright. How many such burrows an individual female may make,
is yet indetermined; certainly more than one unless most of the eggs
in the ovaries were intended to remain undeveloped.
On this point I examined a number of examples that came in early
in the season ; I found only a small number of ova indicated ; but
there are four ovarian tubes on each side, with at least two developing
eggs in each tube. There is a third egg cell in each tube, but at the
slow rate in which these individual eggs can be placed it is not likely
that more than sixteen, perhaps not more than eight ova ever come to
maturity. From the specimens examined it appears as if a single egg
only developed at one time ; at any rate it is certain that there always
was only one large egg in one of the tubes, while all the rest were
very much smaller. It is probable that the scattering of brood cells
is a measure of protection as is also the filling up of the burrows. The
honey paste must be tempting to many insects, especially ants, and
if six or eight or more cells were grouped around each burrow, the dis-
covery of one series by an ant hill would mean the rifling of every
cell in it and the consequent destruction of the entire progeny of a
single bee at one time. So the filling up of the burrow makes the
discovery of the cells more difficult, the one first planted being pro-
tected by the time the lateral for the second is completed.
In the course of the observations on Colletes which began earlier
than any other form was seen to be on the wing, a few other species
were noted incidentally and a few plaster casts of their borings were
made. None were followed out as was the Colietes, but as the results
are additions, though small, to positive knowledge, it is deemed not
unnecessary to record them here.
March, igoi.] SmITH : On SoME DiGGER BeES. 37
Andrena vicina S/nifh.
Specimens of this species were collected about flowers early in
May and examples came to hand from time to time during that month.
May 28th the insects were noticed at work and plaster casts were made
on that and next day, May 29th. In the first cast there was only a
perpendicular less than a foot in length, without lateral, indicating
that the specimen had but recently begun digging operations. In the
second there was an empty cell 14 inches below the surface and no
filled cartridge could be found lower down. It was evidently the first
lateral from the burrow. Another cast was deeper and very crooked,
but was no further advanced. Here also there was no appearance of
a loaded cartridge below the lateral.
May 31st received five specimens of bees, all females, taken two
days before. The ovaries were examined in each case and were found
to be undeveloped. They were yet covered or encased in one com-
mon sheath and none of the tubes showed either developing or miss-
ing ova.
June 4th a number of burrows made by this species were cast.
They proved to be very much like CoUetes in type, but somewhat
larger in diameter and decidedly more twisted. They go down a
little deeper, also, on the average. A. vicina is really a much larger
and more bulky insect than C. compacta, yet the diameter of the bur-
row is very little greater.
The cell-making habit seems to be like that of coinpacta ; there is
the same membraneous pouch, filled with the same honey paste, less
than half full, with the same sort of egg. What was not noted was
whether there were more cells than one from a single main burrow.
This species made its burrows on higher ground, more among trees
where the soil is filled with roots. This makes their borings more
irregular and adds to the difficulty of digging them out.
I have the species from Newark, Jamesburg and somewhere in
Burlington County, dated May and June. The Newark locality is in-
definite, the specimen was given me and I have no information as to
the kind of locality inhabited there. The other specimens were taken
by myself in locations generally similar to that at Lahaway.
Andrena viola Robt.
This is a small species resembling C. conipacta and at first mis-
taken for it. It was first seen coming out of a hole May 28th and
38 Journal New York Entomological Society. [voi. ix.
captured. Plaster cast made of the burrow showed a perpendicular
drop of over 15 inches without indication of any lateral. Another,
similar burrow, was cast on the same day and the bee inclosed in the
plaster. This was shorter than the other, but had a lateral in which
was a filled honey pouch, and a heel which indicated a cartridge be-
low. The cartridge was accordingly sought for and found. The con-
clusion is a fair one that the bee first caught was not digging its first
burrow. If my belief that most of these bees change to adults in fall
is correct, there should not be much difference in the date at which
they issue and begin to dig.
This species was determined for me by Mr. Ashmead and I have
specimens from various parts of the State taken May and June, most
of them on the latter month pollen-loaded. Unfortunately the day of
the month is not indicated, hence cannot say how late in June the
species flies.
Andrena bicolor Fabr.
This is nearer to vicina in size but readily distinguishable by the
rusty thoracic vestiture which made it easy to recognize the bee in the
cast. The bee was first seen June 7th, entering a hole larger than usual,
and 3 5^ ounces of liquid plaster were required to fill it. It was
nearly perpendicular for 23 inches, then began to twist irregularly,
without ai:>parent need, until it measured 381^ inches in length at 30
inches from the surface. There was a cell of the usual composition
at the end, loaded with the honey and pollen paste. The lateral at
the bottom was not so evident, the tube twisting so irregularly that it
seemed like a mere continuation of the twist. That this is not a rule
was shown by a second cast made the same day, of the same species.
Here there was an almost straight drop of 32 inches then a marked six-
inch lateral to the honey pouch.
June 8th, a cast was taken out which dropped down forty inches be-
fore forming a short oblique lateral. The loaded cell in this case was
fully 41 inches below the surface of the ground and at probably a
nearly uniform temperature the year around.
June nth, two other burrows of this same species were cast. The
first included the bee so that no mistake was possible and the cast
measured to the honey pouch 37^ inches. There was no heel and
no indication that the gallery or burrow had extended below that
point. The second cast was twisted so as to measure 34 inches at 30
March, 1901.] Sriith : On Some Digger Bees. 89
inches below the surface, where a loaded cartridge was found on abed
of hard gravel. A heel extended from the end of the cast into this
gravel, and below it, almost four feet below the surface, another
loaded cartridge was found. To this species then, belongs the dis-
tinction of making the deepest digging of any species of the genus,
and also the boring of the greatest diameter. It is puzzling why this
should be so, but so it is.
I have specimens taken at Newark and in Burlington County in
May, and a specimen dated Lahaway, June 20th. This is, therefore,
one of the later of the species, though A. Jiilaris I have from Laha-
way July 17 th.
So far I have six species of Andrejia from Lahaway : A. hilaris
Sm., April 20-July 17th; A. vicina Sm., May and June; A. bicolor
Fabr., June; A. inula Robt., May and June; A. salicis Robt., with-
out date; A. viola Robt., April to June.
Notes are here given on the digging habits of three of these, and
they are found to be essentially alike, though each has some little pe-
culiarities of its own that would probably show out more markedly on
closer observation and more frequent casting.
Halictus, sp.
June 4th our attention was attracted by occasional small burrows,
not exceeding an eighth of an inch in diameter. The maker was a
small bee, determined by Mr. Ashmead as Halictus sp., and only two
or three examples were taken.
The galleries drop down vertically about 15 inches, then a little
lateral runs off about an inch and a half, at right angles. At the end
of this is a drop of about half an inch and then a very pretty little cell,
carefully smoothed inside and soaked with saliva or some other se-
cretion. This turns black, the color penetrating quite deeply and
cementing the soil particles as far as it extends. At the bottom of
this cell is a very handsome ball of dry pollen, shaped like an apple
and quite regular.
The desire to complete the history of Augochlora made it impos-
sible to devote further time to this species.
There are, it will be noted when the history oi Aiigochlo7-a is writ-
ten, two types of storing diggers ; one which makes a paste with
honey and pollen stored in a thin membrane-like sac ; the other which
lines or hardens the inside of the cell and stores the pollen dry in a
loaf of definite form. I have little doubt that this difference in habit
40 Journal New York Entomological Society. |Voi. ix.
will be found to be accompanied by some structural difference that,
when once correlated, will serve to determine what the storing habit
of the species is.
Though all the species heretofore mentioned were interesting ob-
jects of study, all paled before the little blue and green Augochlora
humeralis which was followed through all its stages.
The life history of that species, with figures illustrating also some
of the matters hereinbefore referred to, will form a second part of this
essay.
NEW SPECIES OF HETEROCERA FROM TROP-
ICAL AMERICA.— I.
By William Schaus.
SYNTOMID^.
Pseudosphex noverca.
Head grayish. Collar black, fringed posteriorly with gray. Thorax black; a
transverse gray line posteriorly. Abdomen black ; a gray streak laterally at base ;
ventral valve fringed with white. Wings hyaline, the veins black. Primaries: cos-
tal margin broadly, inner margin narrowly on basal half, suffused with dark brown ;
fringe dark brown. Secondaries : the basal half of costa narrowly suffused with dark
brown. Expanse, 27 mm.
Habitat : Castro, Parana.
Bombiliodes jamaicensis.
Palpi and head black. Collar and thorax black ; collar and patagise with a crim-
son streak, mottled with white scales, and inwardly shaded with metallic blue scales.
Abdomen crimson ; a dorsal black band ; the segments posteriorly black ; underneath
pale brown. Thorax below and legs black, the latter streaked with blue ; tarsi circled
with white. Wings transparent. Primaries : the margins black ; the apex broadly
black ; a large black spot at end of cell touching costa, and a smaller spot about cen-
ter of cell resting on costa, and not reaching the median vein. Secondaries : apex
broadly, outer and inner margin narrowly black. Antennae black, tips yellow. Ex-
panse, 39 mm.
Habitat : Jamaica.
Bombiliodes xanthogastroides.
Antenna; black, streaked with white at apex. Head black ; vertex dark blue.
Collar black with two dark blue spots. 'J'horax black. Abdomen black basally,
shaded with blue laterally ; the last four segments orange ; underneath the last three
March, igoi.] SCHAUS : HeTEROCERA FROM TROPICAL AMERICA. 41
orange, otherwise black. Thorax below and legs black. Wings tran.sparent, the
veins black. Primaries : margins narrowly black ; a black streak at end of cell, a
transparent streak at base of costa. Secondaries somewhat opalescent ; the margins
narrowly black, more broadly so between anal angle and vein 2. Expanse, 38 mm.
Habitat : Castro, Parana. Looks very much like Gyninelia xaiitho-
gastra Perty.
Mesothen albifrons.
Head black ; frons white. Collar and thorax above black; patagia; streaked
with yellow ; underneath yellow. Legs yellow ; tarsi and joints black. Abdomen
yellow ; last three segments black. Wings hyaline, veins black Primaries : some
yellow hairs at base ; margins black, thickened at inner angle ; apex broadly black ;
discocellular slightly more heavily marked than veins. .Secondaries : margins nar-
rowly black ; some yellow at base. Underneath costal margin and veins streaked
with yellow ; fringe terminally yellow at anal angle. Expanse, 25 mm.
Habitat : Colombia.
Cosmosoma flavita.
Head black. Collar yellow. Thorax yellow ; two black spots anteriorly ; pata-
gise outwardly streaked with blue black. Legs black ; fore coxae yellow. Abdomen
yellow ; last two segments black. Wings hyaline, veins black ; base of vvings black ;
margins narrowly black, more widely so at apices, especially on primaries ; base of
costa with vitreous streak. Expanse, 38 mm.
Habitat : Colombia.
Eurota minerva.
Head black. Collar black ; two large yellow spots. Thorax black ; a yellow
spot anteriorly on patagife. Abdomen black ; lateral crimson spots on first three seg-
ments ; a yellow spot on the fourth and fifth. [Primaries black ; a yellow streak at
base ; some crimson hairs at base of inner margin ; median semitransparent white spots,
two in cell, superposed, one below cell somewhat larger, and a much smaller spot
below it; four similar spots beyond the cell between veins 3-7. Secondaries black ;
two whitish spots beyond the cell ; the inner margin broadly crimson. Underneath the
same. Hind wing with veins 2 and 4 from cell. Expanse, 27 mm.
Habitat : Castro, Parana.
Macrocneme nordina.
Antenncc black, tipped with white. Palpi black outwardly suffused with blue.
Legs black ; hind tarsi black ; fore coxte metallic green. Head black ; frons and
vertex blue. Collar black, irrorated with blue scales. Thorax black ; two subdorsal
metallic spots. Abdomen black ; a broad lateral metallic green band, suffused with
blue at base ; underneath some metallic spots. Wings black ; at base of primaries
^ome metallic blue scales on inner margin. Underneath : wings black ; on primaries
some blue irrorations on costal margin and below cell ; on secondaries some blue irro-
rations on costal margin, at base of cell, and inner margin. Expanse, 35 mm.
Habitat : Guadalajara, Mexico.
42 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
Macrocneme sura.
Falpi and legs black, suffused with metallic blue scales. Hind tarsi tipped with
white. Head black ; frons with two large white spots, and two smaller under an-
tennae. Collar black with two small blue and white spots. Thorax black ; patagise
with a small blue and white spot anteriorly. Abdomen metallic green above, black
underneath ; the ventral valve green and followed by two ventral rows of white spots.
Primaries : a basal band, and the outer margin broadly black, otherwise shot with dull
metallic blue green. Secondaries black. Underneath wings black, shot with dull
green to beyond cell. Expanse, 35 mm.
Habitat : Petropolis, Brazil.
/Ethria analis.
Antennas black, petinated, and thickly tufted above on median third. Head,
thorax, and legs black ; some blue shadings on femora;, collar, and patagise. Abdo-
men black ; the last three segments orange red. Wings transparent, the veins black.
Primaries : the margins black ; the outer margin inwardly dentate ; a broad black
discocellular streak, touching costa ; some violaceous hairs at base of inner margin.
Secondaries : the outer margin broadly black. E.vpanse, 29 mm.
Habitat: Peru.
Argyroeides vespina.
Palpi yellow. Frons black, edged with yellow. Vertex black with a transverse
yellow line, collar black edged with yellow. Thorax black ; yellow lines posteriorly ;
the patagiie edged with yellow. Legs pale brown ; fore coxje yellow. Abdomen
black, spotted with yellow at base ; four terminal transverse yellow lines. Wings yel-
lowish hyaline ; the veins pale brown ; fringe black. Costa of primaries with a
darker yellow hyaline streak. Expanse, 24 mm.
Habitat : Castro, Parana. Belongs to section with vein 6 below
angle of cell on secondaries.
Diptilon aterea.
Head black ; frons yellow. Collar and thorax black, the former, and patagise
finely edged with yellow. Legs black ; tarsi below yellow. Abdomen black ; a yel-
low lateral streak on basal half ; underneath yellow on basal half. Primaries yel-
lowish hyaline ; the margins black, widest at apex ; median vein yellow, other veins
black ; a black discocellular streak ; a hyaline streak on basal half of costa ; base of
subcostal vein yellow ; fringe black. Secondaries yellow ; the outer margin black ;
fringe yellow. Expanse, 23 mm.
Habitat ; Casa Branca.
Ceramidia cuprea.
Palpi and head black ; frons with metallic green spot ; a white spot at base of
antenna;. Collar black, irrorated with dark green. Thorax black ; a bronze green
spot anteriorly. Legs black ; tarsi gray ; fore coxae whitish. Abdomen : first seg-
March, 1901,] SCHAUS : HeTEROCERA FROM TrOPICAL AMERICA. 43
ment metallic green, otherwise metallic bronze with two dorsal black stripes ; under-
neath first segment white, otherwise dull bronze color ; a sublateral white spot on
second segment. Primaries dark brown, becoming paler at apex ; some green scales
at base of costa. Secondaries brown ; the costa broadly whitish ; two hyaline streaks
on inner area. Expanse, ;j^ mm.
Habitat: Coatepec, Mexico.
Marecidia, gen. nov.
Antennae shortly pectinated ; tips serrate. Palpi long, ascending. Hind tibia
with a very large gland filled with long hairs above. Primaries long and narrow ;
vein 2 far removed from 3 ; 3, 4 and 5 from lower angle of cell ; 6 from upper angle ;
7-10 stalked ; 7 remote from apex. Secondaries narrow ; costal margin slightly
convex ; veins 3 and 4 from lower angle of cell ; 5 from just above lower angle ; 6
and 7 on short stalk.
viarecidia sanguipuncta.
Head black ; frons and vertex irrorated with metallic green. Collar metallic
green, edged with black. Thorax black, patagia; streaked with bronze green. Legs
black, shot with metallic green and blue ; fore coxEe white ; joint of hind tibia white.
Abdomen above metallic green ; a subdorsal black line, and transverse lines on seg-
ments anteriorly ; underneath green, with a basal white patch. Primaries black ;
the median space below subcostal, and above inner margin shot with brilliant green-
blue ; a bright crimson spot at the base. Secondaries black ; a roseate spot in cell ;
a whitish streak on inner area. Underneath primaries with the crimson spot smaller,
secondaries with a crimson spot in cell. Expanse, 33 mm.
Habitat • St. Catharina, Brazil.
Eucereon marcata.
Palpi black ; the end of second joint white. Head white ; a black spot on ver-
tex. Collar white with two black spots. Thorax white ; a black central streak ; the
patagise outwardly black. Abdomen roseate ; the basal segment brown ; anus black ;
a short brown subdorsal streak ; a lateral row of black spots ; underneath buff", shaded
with roseate. Primaries white, the markings black ; inner margin : a basal irregular
spot ; at middle two upright streaks connected by a cross line ; a small spot towards
inner angle. Costal margin : basal, inner, and outer black patches hardly extending
below cell, and formed of contiguous spots ; the outer patch sufiusing with a large
irregular spot between veins 2 and 3, which reaches the outer margin above the angle ;
three small spots obliquely between veins 4-7 ; before apex two rows of spots, the
inner one from vein 5 to costa, the outer row from vein 6 to costa ; a terminal black
spot above vein 4, and a smaller one below it ; fringe white spotted with black at ends
of veins. Secondaries white, the veins gray ; a .slight grayish shade at apex and anal
angle, a terminal gray line ; fringe partly white. Expanse, ^t, mm.
Habitat : Paragua)'. Allied to £. qnadricolor Wlk.
44 Journal New York Entomological Society. [vm. ix.
Eucereon mathani.
I'alpi, head and thorax brown ; two small yellow tufts behind vertex. Body
blackish brown above, yellow banded with brown underneath ; the anal hairs yellow.
Primaries brownish gray, with dark brown markings ; a basal spot ; an inner curved
wavy band; a quadrate spot in the cell, followed by a transverse paler brown spot,
and then a large spot partly in the cell and partly beyond, cut by the veins into six
parts ; an outer curved row of elongated spots ; a subterminal row of smaller spots ;
fringe brown, tipped with gray above vein 3, below it buft'tipped with white. Second-
aries somewhat transparent on basal half, brownish gray ; the outer half dark brown
narrowing towards anal angle. Underneath brown. Primaries with a whitish discal
spot, and a large white spot beyond the cell. Secondaries with the inner area whitish.
Expanse, ^^ mm.
Habitat : Balzapamba, Ecuador.
Eucereon trinita.
Palpi, head and thorax gray ; a black spot on vertex ; two on collar, one ante-
riorly on patagice, which are also inwardly black. Abdomen roseate tipped with black ;
Underneath buff ; a lateral black streak. Legs gray ; midtarsi banded with black ;
fore coxae roseate. Primaries gray, markings black ; two basal spots above submedian ;
a large spot below submedian ; three antemedial spots followed by a larger spot in
cell ; six median spots, the upper three suffusing somewhat ; an outer row, curved
around end of cell, consisting of three large spots below costa, three shades close to
cell, between veins 2-5, the shade between 2 and 3 followed by another spot ; a large
spot above submedian, and below submedian a long spot reaching inner angle ; a
terminal row of spots; fringe spotted with black. Secondaries black, grayish at base.
Expanse, 25 mm.
Habitat : Trinidad.
Eucereon lerioides.
Head, thorax and wings as in E. leria Druce. The abdomen pale yellow, in
stead of roseate, the anal segment black. Expanse, 35 mm.
Habitat : Jalapa, Mexico.
Ctenucha mortia.
Head posteriorly, underneath, and basal half of palpi orange ; head and palpi
otherwise black. Thorax black, finely streaked with yellow. Abdomen blue black ;
anal hairs orange. Primaries black, the veins grayish ; a large white spot beyond
the cell from vein 4-7 ; fringe black, white at apex. Secondaries blue black ; the
ringe white. Underneath the veins on secondaries are also grayish. Expanse, 37 mm.
Habitat : Castro, Parana.
Hyaleucereon lugubris.
Head and thorax brown. Abdomen brownish black ; some terminal transverse
violaceous shades. Primaries uniform dull brown. Secondaiies brownish black. Ex-
panse, 40 mm.
Habitat : Colombia.
March, 1901.] SCHAUS : HeTEROCERA FROM TROPICAL AMERICA. 45
FSYCHID.^.
Oiketicus orizavas.
Primaries smoky gray, almost black on inner margin ; a blackish spot occupying
outer half of cell, followed by a white oblique mark, less dentate than in O. kirbyi ;
the outer margin semi-transparent. Secondaries smoky gray, the inner margin broadly
blackish ; the outer margin from vein 2 to apex semi-transparent. Expanse, 39 mm.
Habitat : Orizava, Mexico.
Chalia vigasi.
Wings gray, semi-transparent, thinly scaled with darker hairs. Costal margin of
primaries finely black, fringe darker gray. Expanse, 16 mm.
Habitat: Las Vigas, Mexico.
Chalia tristis.
Wings grayish brown, thickly scaled. Primaries 4 and 5 from a point, 7 from
near upper angle of cell, 8 and 9 on short stalk from upper angle. lb angled, an-
ostomosing with Ic, to outer margin. Secondaries : veins 4 and 5 close together, 8
far diverging from 7. Expanse, 17 mm.
Habitat: Jalapa, Mexico.
COSSID^..
Duomitus pyracmonides.
Head and collar brown. Thorax grayish white. Abdomen brown, whitish
subdorsally. Primaries white with transverse dark brown strire ; basal third of costa
dark brown ; from below cell from before vein 2 an irregular broad brown shade to
outer margin below apex. Secondaries gray on inner margin, otherwise whitish
thickly irrorated with grayish strire, especially in median space. Fringe white. Ex-
panse, 54 mm.
Habitat : Orizaba, Mexico. Can be easily distinguished from
pvracmon Cramer by the absence of the terminal dark spots.
Duomitus mathani.
$ palpi, frons, thorax, and abdomen below brownish black, legs black ; tarsi
circled with white. Vertex yellowish. Collar black. Thorax white with a central
dark brown line. Abdomen dorsally white, with a subdorsal black streak on last five
segments ; laterally blackish. Primaries white, markings dark brown ; a large spot at
base of inner margin ; a broad space from near base of costal margin extending to one
third from base ; a small dark spot on costal margin at two thirds, preceded by four
small spots and followed by three a little larger ; from below cells before vein 2 to
outer margin at vein 7, an irregular broad band, nearly straight to along vein 5 then
ascending obliquely to vein 7 ; a row of small spots along inner margin and above
vein lb ; a few spots beyond cell ; terminal blackish spots at veins partly extending on
to white fringe. Secondaries white ; the inner margin broadly shaded with brown ; a
median broad brown shade, posteriorly curved between the veins, and terminating to-
wards costa in diffuse stride ; terminal dark points as on primaries.
46 Journal New York Entomological Society. [voLix.
9 paler below, the legs tufts with whitish hairs. Vertex yellowish. Thorax
pale yellowish, thickly mottled with black scales. Abdomen dorsally yellowish with a
subdorsal dark streak. Primaries white, thickly irrorated with brown, and also with
black on inner margin ; the base yellowish ; the markings not distinct, more like shad-
ings of brown irrorated with white scales ; the longitudinal band most distinct be-
tween veins 4 and 7 ; on costa a median black streak preceded and followed by small
black spots ; a brown spot below the next to last costal spot ; terminal black spots on
outer margin. Secondaries brown, somewhat irrorated with gray on outer margin and
towards base below the cell ; terminal dark spots on outer margin ; a large dark spot
on costal margin before apex. Expanse $ , 100 mm.; 9> 125 ram.
Habitat : Huambo, Peru.
Dumitus jamaicensis.
Primaries : basal third almost black on costa, shading to gray on inner margin ;
this space limited by a dark line not extending below the submedian ; a median
whitish space, wider on costa than on submedian, irrorated with darker scales and
strife, but not thickly ; below the submedian the inner margin is grayer ; a velvety
black discal point ; outer space dull gray ; an outer pale gray row of spots between
the veins, and terminal pale gray shadings, especially about and above inner angle ;
all the terminal space slightly irrorated with darker striae ; fringe buff, spotted with
brown at tips of veins. Secondaries pale grayish brown ; fringe with indistinct darker
spots. Female paler, the outer space with the paler space more extended, reducing
the darker gray to an irregular band beyond the discal streak ; a subterminal darker
gray band, interrupted by the veins. Expanse $ , 48 mm.; 9> 55 ™"''-
Habitat : Jamaica.
Costria, gen. nov.
Differs from (\'ssitla Bailey, in having veins 9 and 10 on primaries from a point,
and 6 and 7 on secondaries well apart.
Type of genus, C. abnoba^c\\2Ms,. (P. Z. S. Lend., 1892, p. 327.)
Costria corita.
Body gray ; a median dark brown band on thorax. Primaries light gray ; trans-
verse brownish striee ; a median, velvety brown line from cell, obliquely to vein lb,
where it is thickest ; before the apex an inwardly curved, semilunar dark brown streak ;
a terminal brown, wavy, thick line, interrupted by the veins ; fringe basally brown,
outwardly mottled with gray. Secondaries white, some terminal gray shadings inter-
rupted between the veins ; fringe basally grayish brown, outwardly white. On
secondaries below a brown discal spot. Expanse, 39 mm.
Habitat : Colombia.
Costria maruga.
Head gray, posteriorly dark brown. Thorax olivaceous ; patagia; gray. Abdo-
men yellowish white. Primaries pale silvery white tinged with gray ; Median space
of costa finely dark gray ; a large round velvety brown spot in the cell ; a smaller
one below the median vein, and a still smaller one below vein lb ; these spots ob-
liquely approaching the base of inner margin, and preceded by three dark points a
little above them ; beyond the spots eight transverse wavy lines ; the first three gray.
March, igoi.] SCHAUS: HeTEROCERA FROM TfOPICAL AMERICA. 47
broken ; the first two shaded with brown below the median vein ; the third shaded
with brown below vein ic; the fourth not extended below vein 3, geminate
towards costa, and yellow posteriorly ; the fifth dark gray from below cosla to vein 2 ;
the sixth dark brown from costa to vein 3 ; the seventh dark brown shaded with gray
above vein 3, below vein 3 yellow ; the eighth very dark brown partly shaded with
yellow ; fringe yellow at base, white outwardly. Secondaries whitish with traces of
subterminal grayish lines ; base of fringe pale yellow. Expanse, 33 mm.
Habitat : Castro, Parana.
Costria striolata.
Head and thorax white mottled with a few buff scales. Abdomen buff; white
subdorsally at base. Primaries white, shaded with pale brown on the costa, in the
cell, and below vein lb ; the fringe on inner margin white ; beyond the cell long fine
brownish lines not reaching apex or outer margin ; basal half of costal margin finely
dark gray ; an outwardly oblique brownish shade from before the middle of costal
margin, terminating in two dark brown spots and below margin vein ic ; a brown spot
on outer margin at vein 3 ; some subapical brown shadings ; terminal brown and
gray shadings. Secondaries pale reddish brown ; the costa and inner margin
whitish. Expanse, 'ip mm.
Habitat : Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Costria arpL
Head and thorax white irrorated with a few black scales. Primaries gray
shaded with brown along costa, and on outer third of wing ; some irregular trans-
verse black strise, chiefly on outer half of wing ; a thicker transverse black streak in
the cell ; a velvety black spot between veins lb and Ic at a third from base; and a
smaller spot below it nearer the base ; a subterminal outwardly curved black line
from veins 2-8 connected with fringe at vein 4 by a black bar, above which it is out-
wardly shaded with dark brown ; the marginal space above vein 4 to costa before
apex is otherwise pale brown ; a dark costal spot before apex ; fringe reddish brown.
Secondaries dull grayish brown. Expanse, 46 mm.
Habitat : Rio Janeiro. In this species veins 6 and 7 on secon-
daries are from a point.
Costria elegans.
Palpi brown. Head whitish ; vertex dark brown. Thorax dark brown ; pata-
gise buff. Abdomen light brown. Primaries whitish buft', shaded with light brown ;
black and brown striie evenly distributed over the surface ; costa, except at base and
outer third, dark brown ; the outer margin occupied by a large dark space, inwardly
curved and limited by a dark velvety brown shade ; the space contiguous to this to-
ward the base is without strise and appears like a pale line ; the space within the
curved brown line and a terminal dark brown line is dark olivaceous above vein 5,
and lilacine white below it ; a small dark brown spot on the lilacine portion ; fiinge
pale brown. Secondaries and base of fringe pale brown ; the fringe terminally
white. Expanse, 25 mm.
Habitat : Castro, Parana.
48 Journal New York Entomological Society, [Voi. ix.
Costria discopuncta.
J5ody yellowish white. Primaiies white ; a large velvety black spot in the cell ;
a very small spot on vein ic, and another below vein ib ; the spots oblique, the low-
est being nearest the base ; the costal margin narrowly dark gray ; the outer margin
and posterior outer half of wing striated with brown and gray ; fringe light brown.
Secondaries white ; a fine terminal shade, and base of fringe yellowish ; a small
brownish shade near anal angle. Expanse, 33 mm.
Habitat : Sao Paulo, Brazil. Prceclara ( Cossula) Schs. also be-
longs to this genus. (P. Z. S. Lond., 1892, p. 328). Arbela
norax, Druce, differs from Cossula and Costria in having veins 7 and
8 on primaries stalked. The other species described by Druce under
Arbcia, I have not been able to examine.
Qivira Walk.
Antennae pectinated. Palpi extending beyond frons. Primaries : veins lb and
ic connected by a bar ; 2 and 3 far apart ; 5 near 4 ; 6 from upper angle of cell, 7
and 8 stalked from areole ; 9 from areole, lo and II from cell. Secondaries 6 and 7
from cell. Type Givira iristis Walk.
Group I. Vein 8 connected with 7 by a bar :
iristis Walk.
inacrochir Schs. ( Dolecta ) .
subvetiusta Sch. {Dolecta').
polybioides Schs. , sp. nov.
platea Schs., sp. nov.
watsoni Schs. , sp. nov.
Group II. \'ein 8 free :
polybia vSchs. [Langidorfia).
Group III. Veins 7 and 8 on primaries from areole.
Secondaries : 8 connected to 7 by a bar :
Dukin/ietdia Schs. {Laiigsdo?-fia).
Qivira polybioides.
Ilody dark brownish gray. Primaries white ; the costa, inner margin, cell, and
median space below cell, brownish ; costa spotted with black ; some thick, black
striiT? on inner margin, and in cell ; dark basal, and inner black line crossing the in-
ner white space below cell ; an outer broken, brown line ; a subterminal black line
preceded by a brown spot between veins 5-8, and broken at veins 3 and 5, also con
nected to fringe at tips of veins by dark lines ; a fine terminal brownish line, and in
tervenal terminal light brown spots. Secondaries white with irregular margina
brown marks. Fringe on both wings whitish, spotted with dark brown. Expanse
34 mm.
Habitat : Castro, Parana. Veins 6 and 7 on secondaries apart.
This species is allied to G. polybia Schs. {Langsdar/ia^, which has
dark secondaries and veins 6 and 7 from a point.
/our/?. N. P. EnL Soc.
Vol. IX. PI. I.
The Genus Sinea.
Joiirn. N. V. Ent. Soc.
Vol. JX. PL II.
The Genus Sinea.
JOURNAL
TOfId ]9ork 6lntoraoIogiraI %nM^.
^Tol. IX. JUNE, 1901. No. 2.
NEW PYRALIDiE AND TORTRICID^ FROM
PALM BEACH, FLORIDA.
By C. H. Fernald.
Marasmia floridalis, sp. nov.
Head, thorax, fore and hind wings white with brown markings as follows : the
outside of the palpi, a spot on each side of the collar above, a similar but more in-
distinct pair on the middle of the thorax, the tips of the tegula;, a stripe from the eye
back to the wing and continued along the costa, the outer margin of all the wings
narrower behind, a large costal spot concave on each side, sending one line obliquely
down and in to join two parallel cross lines with pale yellow between them, and a
second line down and out to similar parallel but curved lines across the outer part of
the wing, a line between this and the brown outer margin with an inward bend in the
middle and connected by lines to the outer margin and the line within, a few irregular
lines near the base of the wing, a median band on the hind wing not reaching the
costa, two cross lines between this band and the outer margin each with an inward
angle in the middle connected together below where a line extends to the median
band, and a series of venular dashes in the subterminal space. Expanse of wings,
12-14 ™™-
Described from three examples from Florida, two in the National
Museum one of which is from Palm Beach and one from Key West,
and one in my own collection. One was bred from Vincetoxicuvi
paliistrc by Dr. H. G. Dyar. Type no. 541 1 U. S. National Museum.
Evergestis dyaralis, sp. nov.
Head, thorax, abdomen and fore wings smoky yellow or yellowish fuscous with
a silky luster, the latter with greenish reflections. First and second segments of the
labial palpi tipped with white. Upper side of antenna;, a line on each side of the face
as far as the base of the antennae, a line across the collar on each side, one on the
inner edge of the tegulee, one on the edge of the costa from the base to the end of
the cell, one or two oblique streaks on the outer part of the costa, an oblique streak
50 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
at the apex with a black dot below it, and a series of terminal dashes forming a
broken line, white. . The ordinary lines darker but inconspicuous. The inner one
forming a very obtuse outward angle at the origin of vein 2, and an equally obtuse
inward angle on vein i. The outer line is somewhat arcuate but bends inward some-
what on vein 2. The discal spot is a nearly straight oblique streak at the end of the
cell. Hind wings with a silky luster, light at the base, dark fuscous outwardly. All
the wings are lighter beneath than above. Expanse of wings, 21-23 "i"""-
Described from one specimen in the National Museum, bred from
Drypetis crocca at Palm Beach, Florida, and two in my own collection
given me by Dr. Dyar, from the same locality as the first.
I have named this beautiful species in honor of Dr. H. G. Dyar
whose interesting and valuable investigations on Lepidopterous larvK
have attracted such general attention. Type no. 5410, U. S. National
Museum.
Pyrausta costimaculalis, sp. nov.
Head, thorax, fore wings and upper side of abdomen, dark purplish red with a
costal spot extending down to the end of the cell and in along the costa to the basal
fourth, light orange yellow. Two indistinct dark lines extend nearly parallel, one
from the middle of the hind margin, the other from the basal fourth up to the median
vein. Hind wings fuscous. All the fringes pale yellow. Under side of the fore
wings fuscous, somewhat purplish along the costa and with the costal spot much
lighter beneath than above. Legs and underside of the body cream white, the outer
end of the fore tibiae dark purplish. Expanse of wings, 12-13 mm.
Described from one female specimen in the National Museum in
Washington and one in my collection, bred from Psychotria uinhxta
by Dr. H. G. Dyar. Type no. 5412 U. S. National Museum.
Eucosma lineana, sp. nov.
Head and front of thorax dark gray, the remaining part of thorax and the hind
part of the fore wings as far as the oblique band, dark fuscous. Fore wings sordid
white with numerous dark longitudinal lines ; costa with a series of about ten short,
oblique dark brown streaks alternating with much finer ones, an oblique wood brown
band marked more or less with dark brown and broken above and below the cell
arises from the middle of the costa and extends to the anal angle, the costal part of
this band sends out a sharp angle from its lower part, the middle part sends out an
extension from below forming a v-shaped mark, the third part forms a semicircle on
the upper side; a wood brown patch on the outer part of the wing with a line ex-
tending from it to near the anal angle. Fringes whitish, cut in the middle by dark
brown. Hind wings fuscous with paler fringes. Expanse of wings, 16 mm.
Described from one female specimen in the National Museum,
from Palm Beach, Florida, bred on Anoiia laiirifolia by Dr. H. G.
Dyar. Type no. 5414 U. S. National Museum.
June, igoi.] FeRNALD : New PYRALIDiE AND ToRTRICID/E. 51
Epiblema perplexana, sp. nov.
Head and palpi clay yellow ; thorax a little darker. Fore wings dark fuscous
in males, much lighter in females, with a series of about five geminate, sordid white,
oblique costal streaks beyond the end of the costal fold ; a small dark brown spot
rests on the apex ; a dark brown irregularly curved streak beyond the end of the cell
curves down around the outer part of the ocelloid patch which contains a few hori-
zontal dark streaks ; a median dorsal sordid yellowish white spot rests on the hind
border, extends up and out terminating a little above the fold ; several irregular dark
streaks rest upon this spot. The remaining part of the wing is crossed by very fine
streaklets. Hind wings fuscous. Expanse of wings, 13-15 mm.
Described from seven examples taken at Palm Beach, Florida, by
Dr. H. G. Dyar. Type no. 5432 U. S. National Museum.
Epiblema ochraceana, sp. nov.
Head, thorax and fore wings pale ochreous with darker oblique streaks along the
costa and darker dots scattered over the surface of the wing except in the large anal
patch in which there are only two such dots. Fringes concolorous with grayish scales
along the base. Hind wings yellowish fuscous. Expanse of wings, 12 mm.
Described from one male specimen in rather poor condition in the
National Museum collection from Palm Beach, Florida. Type no.
5415 U. S. National Museum.
Lipoptycha maculana, sp. nov.
Head, thorax and fore wings dark fuscous, the latter with a large white spot a
little beyond the middle of the hind margin and extending a little above the fold_
This spot has numerous fine irregular dark streaks in it. The costa is cut by oblique
black streaks followed beyond the middle by white and there are numerous oblique
and horizontal yellowish streaks over the surface of the wing except at the base ; ter-
minal line around the apex black, which is represented by two or three black dots be-
low the middle, when viewed in certain lights there are oblique bluish streaks visible,
two arising near the middle of the wing and extending down to the end of the cell
and one or two beyond. Hind wings fuscous, not so dark as the fore wings. Ex-
panse of wings, 1}^ mm.
Described from one male specimen frotii Florida in the National
Museum and one in my collection bred from ScJKXpfia arl>orescc/is col-
lected by Dr. H. Ci. Dyar. Type no. 5413 U. S. National Museum.
Tortrix ivana, sp. nov.
Head and thorax dull ochre yellow, the latter with a dark line across the middle
terminating at the tegulce. Fore wings pale ochre yellow with a shining luster ; a
dark brown spot on the extreme base of the costa a little beyond which an oblique
dark band extends about half way across the wing where it ends in several scattered
black dots ; an oblique dark band arising near the middle of the costa extends nearly
to the fold beyond which it is faintly indicated by yellowish streaks, the middle of
52 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
this band across the cell is nearly of the ground color of the wing ; a subapical dark
patch rests on the costa in four equidistant dark brown dots ; a dark spot be-
tween the end of the cell and the outer border very dark at the beginning extends
obliquely down to the outer border a little above the anal angle. Ground color of
fore wing with numerous cross streaks of a brighter yellowish color. Fringes concol-
orous with the ground color of the wing. Hind wings light gray with darker reticu-
larions. Underside of all the wings lighter than above and faintly reproducing the
markings of the upper side. Expanse of wings, 12 mm.
Described from one male specimen in the National Museum, from
Florida, bred from Iva imhricata. Type no. 5416 U. S. National
Museum.
NOTES ON SOME DIGGER BEES.— II.
By John B. Smith, Sc.D.
(Plates III-V.)
Augochlora humeralis Patton.
The first introduction to this species came April 4, 1898, when
digging out plaster casts of spider burrows. At that time Mr. Brake -
ley ran across occasional vertical burrows, filled at the top an inch or
so, but open below that and extending down fully three feet. Beyond
that they were lost and were looked upon as unusually deep old Col-
k'tes diggings.
April 17th, an area 18 x 16 x 23 inches was cleared of pine needles,
lichens, moss and other surface debris, and about an inch and a half of
sand was skived off cleanly, with a large sharp trowel. In this area 13
round holes about one-fourth of an inch in diameter were now exposed.
From one of them a bee came up and was captured. It proved to be
Augochlora hiwieralis, Mr. Fox and Mr. Ashmead separately determin-
ing the species for me.
Plaster was now poured into several of these holes and to Mr.
Brakeley's astonishment the first opening required four fluid ounces to
fill. The others required yet more, until in one case nine ounces
were needed to bring the mixture to the surface.
April 1 8th, digging began by making a trench before the area of
casts, and working down an old burrow, the trench was deepened
from time to time until it was fully four feet down. In the first cast a
bee was imbedded 23 inches from the top, there was a totally different
June, igoi.i Smith : On Some Digger Bees. 53
arrangement of laterals from what had been noted in Colletes, and be-
low the end of the cast, 41 inches from the surface, the hole yet went
down : in other words the plaster had set before it reached the bottom.
Other casts ran down 47^ and 5o}4 inches, respectively, and at the
bottom of the holes bees were fomid.
April 19th it rained, but on the 20th digging was renewed and one
burrow was followed down 58 inches. Two bees were found in the
bottom of one of these holes. Additional casts were made and were
dug out from time to time, until well along in May, and at this time
no two casts were alike. There was always the deep vertical extend-
ing down from forty-five to sixty inches. Beginning about six or
eight inches from the top, lateral burrows might be expected, running
at right angles an inch or two and then broadening out into a circular
chamber about three-sixteenth inch in height, variable in diameter.
From this chamber a variable number of verticals extended down a
variable distance — sometimes only half an inch, more generally an
inch, and almost always one or two were much deeper. Occasionally
one of these verticals was extended down several inches, and it might
even run off diagonally ; though this was rare. So we found a few
cases where the circular chamber was omitted and there was an irregu-
lar branching off from the lateral. There seemed neither rhyme nor
reason in the differences and we were totally unable to find any traces
of bees having developed anywhere in the burrows or the cells con-
nected with them. So the number of laterals and cell clusters varied.
Usually there were two ; not infrequently there were three and rarely
there was a fourth. Below 18 inches we never expected to find cell
clusters ; but sometimes there were irregular chambers forming little
fingers in the casts, which might be found at almost any depth. The
longest burrow measured extended 64 inches down ; through a layer
of sand, through a soft yellow clay into a stratum of hard red clay in-
termixed with iron, through this clay and through an eight-inch layer
of sea sand it went through clay and hard gravel to water-bearing sand
beneath. In one case eight bees were found piled one above the other
nearly five feet under ground. When brought to the surface they
were torpid and did not resent handling ; but they became active very
(juickly in the bright sunlight and started flight when allowed to do so.
Of one thing we were of course certain: all these burrows had
been made in 1S97 ; but why were so many bees in one home, and
why was there no trace of breeding? All the specimens were females.
64 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
and it did not seem reasonable to consider them as the brood that had
been born in the system where they were found. There were too many
complicated burrows with only a single bee, to make this probable.
May 13th I reached Lahaway to find a " bee mine " well estab-
lished. It was six feet deep, with three perpendicular faces, the
fourth side sloped for convenience in getting out. The process was,
first clear a space in front of one of the perpendicular faces, usually
about 18 inches square, by cutting off with a large trowel two inches
of top surface. So full of holes was the ground here that anywhere
from six to a dozen openings would be exposed in this area and of
these three or four would be plaster filled. Usually 24 hours were
allowed for the plaster to set ; but sometimes casts made in the morn-
ing were taken out that same afternoon. Though every hole was not
plastered, yet every one on the way to the casts was investigated.
With a broad trowel the sandy face of the pit was sliced back until a
perpendicular was reached : then a small, sharp trowel came into
service to follow it carefully down, so as to expose all laterals and cell
clusters. These in turn were investigated by a thin palette knife, so
that we had clearly before us the whole digging record. Perpendic-
ulars were rarely followed below two feet, because experience had
taught us that no laterals or cell clusters were to be expected below
that point. Unless we wanted bees, the end of the burrow was neg-
lected.
A notable fact in comparison with the diggings of Col let cs coiv-
pacta was that those of the Aui^vchhra were perfectly clean and ojjen
to the bottom, though covered with sand above. Not a trace of top
sand was ever found at the bottom of the tube, where care had been
taken to prevent its entrace from our own operations.
When a cast was approached within three inches, the small trowel
was carefully used to reach the perpendicular, for we could never tell
to which side a cell cluster would be found. From the top down the
knife was used to bare the white cast, small slices only being made
downward until the direction of the first lateral was discovered. If
it ran to either side, matters were easy, for the cluster could be left
untouched and the perpendicular followed down until the next cluster
was located. When none was discovered at twelve inches from the
top we felt very certain that it went off backward, which was also a sat-
isfactory condition. Where a large cluster projected straight out for-
ward matters were more troublesome for a support must be left for
June, 1901.] Smith : On Some Digger Bees. 55
this cluster from the side or below, otherwise it would break by its
own weight and fall into the pit. This actually happened more than
once. Of course as the pit filled from the sand scraped off its side, it
was shovelled out from time to time to afford working room. Fin-
ally, when the plaster-filled tube was laid bare for its full length, ar-
rangements could be made to take it out ; which was a decidedly tick-
lish task. As the sand was moist, the cast naturally could not dry
out completely nor the plaster set hard. It had a chalky appearance
and feeling, and snapped in the most unexpected places in the most
disconcerting manner. I have bared a perfect cast, lifted it out care-
fully and held it safe upright ; but attempting to incline it so as to
rest against a sunny slope, the whole thing collapsed, breaking into
many pieces — to the great damage of my soul's weal, unless the re-
cording angel kindly closed his or her ears temporarily. After a
number of similar mishaps we decided to take the matter into our own
hands, make no attempt to get perfect casts, but break them where we
judged most desirable. Usually, therefore, the perpendicular was
broken about six inches below the lower cluster and this left us any-
where from 20 to 30 inches of one-fourth inch pipe stem which
could be laid down on the warm sand to dry out. The second break
was usually made below the first cell cluster and after that it depended
on circumstances. A reference to Plate IV, Figs. 16 and 17, will show
the general appearance of the casts secured at this time and also the
difficulty of securing a structure like this in one piece. Of course all
the parts of one cast were carefully kept together and usually notes
were made at the time, detailing the number of clusters, etc.
All the work done by Mr. Brakeley was elaborately noted. Every
cast had a stick bearing a number and the quantity in ounces of
plaster that had been poured in. This was useful as indicating a
simple or a complicated system and was to some extent a guide in
the digging operations. After an hour in the hot sun or dry sand, the
casts were much more safely handled and much lighter. They were
then laid carefully into a box especially made for that purpose and
carried to the house.
Incidentally, it may be noted that the bee mines were from one-
fourth to one-half miles away from the house and that everything,
including the water, had to be carried out and back again. What
with graduates, plaster, jars and other paraphernalia for digging, this
made quite a load.
56 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
Arrived at the house the casts were laid out on boards, each series
by itself, with its stick and head mark, and in the evening they were
dry enough and hard enough to clean. Of course the round, simple
perpendiculars could be easily cleared of the adherent sand by a stiff
brush ; but the cell clusters were usually a mass of sand and clay, and
it was utterly impossible to tell what would come forth out of the
lump. Dissecting needles and small brushes came into play here,
and it was sometimes close to midnight before a day's field work
would be finally laid out so as to show a proper record. When
working alone, Mr. Brakeley made full notes of all that was done
and seen and these notes, which gave as clear a picture as personal
observation could have done, were sent me with the casts.
The first blue bee was noticed by Mr. Brakeley, May ist, on flowers
and thereafter an occasional specimen was seen. After a day or two
of pleasant weather, May 14th proved one of those hot, sunny spring
days that seem to have an electric power to start into activity all liv-
ing creatures. This day terminated the hibernating period of Augo-
chlora and sent them out among the flowers with a rush. The air was
full of life, and bees were hovering over the sand in every direction.
Now it might be supposed that, having spent several months un-
derground, the insects would enjoy themselves a trifle in the sunshine,
and would assume family cares only after due deliberation, first clear-
ing up and restoring their winter quarters into summer freshness ; but
being ladies, they did nothing of the kind. Hardly taking time for
a full meal, each individual began at once to dig a new burrow, dis-
appearing beneath the surface in a moment and indicating progress by
the gradual forcing up of a little heap of sand. It is a fact that not
one of the bees returned to the hibernating burrow and, despite the
fact that the ground was fairly riddled with available perpendiculars
from which new laterals could be driven, not one was so used. For
every bee there was a new burrow. Their method was to fly restlessly
here and there over the sand, hover for a few moments at one point,
then at another and, finally as by a sudden resolve, drop to the sur-
face and disappear. It was all done in a moment and a brilliant
metallic greenish or bluish bee, seemed changed into a little heaving
mound of sand. Then even this motion stopped for a few moments
until a sudden heave forced out a little lump of sand, and the new
burrow was fairly begun. At this time the digging is done chiefly
with the fore-letrs which loosen the sand and force it back a little.
June, igoi.] SmITH : On SoME DiGGER BeES. 57
Then the bee pushes forward, turns a complete sumersault at the
extreme end of the burrow and with its head forces the sand to the
surface.
The front leg of Atii:;oc]ilora humeralis is shown at Plate III, Fig.
I, and, as compared with the middle and hind legs (Figs. 3 and 5),
differs by the lack of hair or other apparent vestiture. There is no
distinctive digging structure ; but the sand in which they work is
generally soft and when obstacles are encountered the mandibles (Fig.
10) are brought in to assist. Femur and tibia are of almost equal size
and very powerful. Before the end of the tibia is an articulated spur
or process, toothed and forming a cover to a notch in the first tarsal
joint. This is, of course, the antenna cleaner, and it is shown, more
enlarged, at Fig. 2. The claws at the end of the fore tarsus are
different from those on the other feet in that they are longer, more
flattened, and inclosed for more than half their length in a membrane-
ous sheath, leaving only the teeth projecting. Whether the claws can
be completely withdrawn within this sheath, I do not know.
May 15th was an unpleasant, rainy day on which no bees were fly-
ing ; but the i6th was again pleasant and on this day the first cast was
made by Mr. Brakeley of one of the new burrows on a field where the
bees were seen earliest. It was observed, first of all, before the casts
were made, that the mounds were never open on the surface as in
Colletes. That active work was going on could be seen by the
increase in the size of the mound and the difference in the color of
the sand and clay brought up ; but all the work seemed to be done at
night. During the day everything remained undisturbed ; but next
morning every mound showed fresh, moist, colored sand or clay,
showing just where the insect had reached in its digging. As a matter
of fact the mounds never increased very much in size. The hot sun
of midday day dried them to a powder and any little breeze over the
surface carried off a portion to be spread evenly over the surrounding
surface ; a rain levelled the whole to the surface.
The first cast was only 12 inches deep, but developed a new
feature : the insects do not start at the top and go straight down !
To make the cast the sand was cleared out of the center of the mound
until a clean opening was obtained. The resulting cast was like Fig.
18 above the first cell cluster. It proved from this and other casts
and diggings, that at first the bee digs diagonally a distance of three
or four inches, to get about an inch and a half below the surface ; then
58 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
she digs down vertically and runs the vertical up to the surface. But the
opening to this vertical she keeps carefully closed so that not a sign of
it appears to casual view. Furthermore, in almost every case the per-
pendicular comes up under some bit of natural protection — lichen,
moss, grass tuft or anything else in fact. The object of the hovering
search by the bees is now apparent ; they are seeking some place that
affords a natural protection to the real entrance to the nest and the
surface mound does not indicate this entrance within four inches in
any direction. Plate IV, Fig. 19, shows a diagrammatic section of
the entrance to the burrow. It is obvious that the perpendicular
might be fully eight inches from its present location by removal to the
exactly opposite side of the mound ; therefore the surface mound does
not indicate within 6 or 8 inches the real entrance to the burrow.
At first the casts were made through the oblique entrance ; but when
it was found that the habit was uniform and that obstructions in the
oblique arm often interfered with casting, it was decided to hunt up
the perpendicular and cast into that. This was not so difficult after a
time, for as soon as a little careful dissecting with the palette knife
showed the direction of the perpendicular, one could be sure of find-
ing it under the nearest natural shelter. There was always a plug
closing this opening except when the bee was out seeking stock for its
cells. Therefore it became easy in time to ascertain whether the
owner was or was not at home. If we found everything tightly
closed, we could take it for granted that the bee was at home ; but
was not at all disposed so receive company. Frequently we dropped
a little pebble or a pinch of surface sand into the opening and awaited
events. In a very few moments the owner appeared at the surface,
rarely bringing out more than half her body, looked wildly around in
every direction, tried the edges of the burrow with her antenni^ and
then disappeared from view — only for a few seconds however. In an
incredibly short time she re-appeared bearing a load of clay which she
slapped into place at one edge and dived down for more. In two or
three loads she had enough to completely shut the door. At first the dis-
colored fresh clay was rather prominent : but in a short time the sun or
drying wind had lessened the contrast so that it did not attract attention.
Sometimes we found the door open, but not widely. That is,
though the gallery was fully one-fourth inch in diameter, the opening
through which the bee came out was not much if any more than half
that, just large enough for the insect to get in and out.
June, igoi.] Smith : On Some Digger Bees . 5!)
The method of digging is interesting and was studied on a number
of examples confined in glass tubes. The fore legs were used to scrape
up material which was made into a lump clasped between the aI)domen,
breast and middle and hind femora. Then the insect crawled up
actively but awkwardly, moving middle and hind legs as little as pos-
sible and confining the motion to the tibiae and tarsi. Arrived at the
surface or dumping ground the load was deposited in place by turning
a complete sumersault and then diving down into the burrow head
first. \\'hen it was a matter of closing the opening, the upper surface
of the abdomen was used to press each load into place, but everything
was done so rapidly that it all seemed part of one motion.
The bee is intensely and nervously active at all times when ob-
served. It is never quiet a moment, but bustles about as if every
second counted for much. Antennce, legs and palpi are always in
motion, whether in the burrow or on a flower, gathering pollen. It
gives the impression of nervous haste, yet the haste seems well directed
and effective, no false moves or motions being apparent.
The antennae of the female are rather short and a little stouter
than those of the male, being represented at Fig. 9 of Plate III.
The scape is about one-half as long as the funicle, or one-third of the
entire antenna. Joint 2 is longer and more slender than the two next
following, and these — 2, 3 and 4 — are smooth, sparsely punctured and
only thinly pubescent. Joints 5-12 are stouter and gradually increase
in length, 12 being almost as long as 10 and 11 combined, and longer
than any other two joints in the antenna. These joints — 5 to 12 —
are densely punctured and pubescent, the surface sensitive and opaque,
especially toward tip.
It has been stated that, after making sure that the oblique entrance
was an invariable habit, casts were made directly into the perpendicu-
lar because the former was often obstructed. We found this especially
in the afternoon and finally concluded that the insect used this gallery
as a storehouse for sand rained during the day. It had been noted be-
fore this that the sand-heaps were all fresh each morning, new material
still damp being found on every active hill. No such fresh material
was seen at any time during the day, nor were the bees ever seen forc-
ing out sand — everything of that kind was done at night. We con-
cluded, therefore, that what the bee brought up during the day, was
stored until night and then forced out through the felse mouth. At
times digging will cease altogether. For instance, on one occasion a
60 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi ix.
heavy rain beat all the mounds over a noted area, perfectl}^ flat. For
five days thereafter there was no external sign of work done, but after
that everything went on in the usual way. The ordinary rate of prog-
ress is about five inches each day.
For several days after May i6th bees began digging in increasing
numbers, and May 24th, Mr. Brakeley wrote "As for old Cock-Robin
Park mine it is a sight — a horrible upheaving of the underneath — and
for 20 or 30 feet all around the hole the ground looks as if it had a
bad case of hives."
When the perpendicular is from 20 to 24 inches down, laterals are
made and cell clusters are begun. May 2 2d, two casts were made.
No. I showed a depth of 211.4 inches and one cell cluster. The
second was down 24 inches and had two cell clusters. This cast is
fairly represented by Fig. 18 on Plate IV and it also illustrates the
average system of a breeding burrow. There are rarely more than
two cell clusters ; but the number of cells in the clusters varies.
A section of a cell cluster containing only a single brood cell is
shown at Fig. 22 (Plate IV), and many of the earliest clustery
were of this type. After driving a round lateral back about an inch
and a half, the insect expands it into a circular chamber, varying in
diameter and in the center of this she digs a single cell somewhat
barrel shaped and about three-fourth inch in depth. This cell is clay-
lined on the inside and carefully smoothed down. Usually there is
clay in the tube which she is digging ; but if not, the bee digs out a
little pocket as shown near the bottom of Fig. 18 (Plate IV), and
thus obtains the material for finishing up her cradle. After this cen-
tral cell is completed she digs a series of four or five around it, and of
the same depth. These are not at first clay-lined but are left while
the insect secures pollen to store the central cell. The pollen is
formed into a round loaf, plano-convex in section, dry and firmly
compacted. Upon this an egg is laid as shown in the figure. The
cell is closed with a capping of clay, and the mother's work on this is
done. Now the insect may either make brood cells of two or of all
of the surrounding cavities or she may leave them open and unfilled.
If she does the latter she deepens and curves them under the central
cell until they nearly meet. In this way there is an almost continuous
space all around the brood cell, only enough material being left to
support the structure. If, on the other hand, she decides to turn
others of these into brood cells, she enlarges the chamber accordingly
June, 1901.] . Smith : On Some Digger Befs. 61
and digs other cells until the two or the five as the case may be are
completely surrounded by empty cells. At Fig. 21 (Plate IV), we
have a 5 -cell cluster drawn from photograph which shows how such a
series is arranged. The five brood cells were capped and of course
the plaster could not get into them ; but it did get into the sur-
rounding air spaces, and w^hen the cast was dug out the plaster prac-
tically inclosed the brood cells and their contents. The photograph
shows that the plaster broke down and distorted the narrow partitions
between the cells, two being run into one near the lateral running to
the main burrow. These marginal cells had been continued beneath
the brood cells, and the plaster has been trimmed away with a pen
knife to expose the cells. It will be readily seen that in this way the
casts preserved safely all the contents of the capped cells and we could
examine the clusters at our leisure and trim out the insides whenever
we wished; usually this was part of the evening's work.
The first pollen-loaded bee was seen May 24, by Mr. Brakeley.
Bees were yet coming out of winter quarters and beginning new bur-
rows on May 26th, though on the 28th some of the casts showed
three cell clusters. This shows the enormous activity of the insects,
the older series of which was now down from 28 to 33 inches only ten
days after the real beginning of the season.
Specimens of bees taken from the new burrows May 25th, 26th and
27th reached me May 31st, and all of these were dissected. All were
females and in all the ovaries showed developing ova. Usually there
was a tolerably equal increase of size on both sides ; but in some cases
the ovary on one side was much larger than that on the other, due al-
ways to the fact that one egg was reaching maturity. The greatest
development was four on one side, a single one on the other, all of
about equal size. In this species there are 4 ovarian tubes, and in each
tube 2 cells or eggs that seem likely to develop. It seems thus as if
the insect might lay 16 eggs; but I doubt if any of them ever do
place so many. The greatest number of brood cells that we ever
found connected Avith any one cast, apparently placed by a single indi-
vidual, was 15 and I much doubt whether any bee ever fills more than
that. Six or seven filled cells to a single burrow is about an average,
quite a number containing only two. This was not due to interfer-
ference or incomplete work : such cases occurred constantly, of course ;
but we never counted them in our estimate. A cluster was complete
when the cells surrounding the brood cell or cells were continued be-
62 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. ix.
low the latter as shown in Fig. 22, Plate l\. In such cases these
surrounding spaces could never be made over into brood cells and of
course the work was ended.
So far as my dis.seclion of the bees could tell us there had been no
egg-laying up to May 28th. Incidentally this examination developed
uniformly, an empty alimentary tract. Apparently these insects do
not feed at all after they have once begun digging and until they be-
gin to store the cells. The mouth parts themselves are small, except
for the mandibles which are shown at Fig. 10, Plate IV. The max-
illa is reduced to a single-jointed, scoop-shaped galea, below which is
attached a well-developed, 6-jointed palpus. The tip of this maxillary
structure and the appearance of the palpus, is shown at Fig. 13,
Plate III. The labium is slender and has at the tip a small pointed
ligula or tongue set with rather long, fine hair along transverse ridg-
ings or markings. The paraglossia are small, membraneous lateral
processes which do not reach the middle of the ligula and seem to be
scarcely functional. The labial palpi are also small, four-jointed, the
segments decreasing in size toward the tip and not set with sensory
structures save a few, irregularly placed, pitted hairs. This structure
is shown at Fig. 12, Plate III.
June 2d, clay-lined cells were found for the first time and now in
some cases the reduced number of cell casts pointed to capped cells.
But none of these were observed and it is perhaps a question whether
some other causes did not interfere with the perfection of the casts.
June 4th and 5th I spent at Lahaway in the bee mines, for there were
now two of them operated by Mr. Brakeley. No loaded cells were
found, though quite a number were now clay-lined, apparently ready
for stocking. Very few bees were observed on the wing and none of
these were pollen-laden. Search among the flowers in the vicinity
failed to show even a single Augoclilora hiivieralis. Thousands of the
insects about, yet not one feeding and not one to be obtained by
ordinary collecting.
June 7th, pollen-carrying was in full swing and the bees were as
active as they had been at digging shortly before. June loth they
were still hard at work, and now the direct opening to the perpen-
dicular was in constant use, as often open as closed. Yet invariably, as
soon as a pollen-laden bee entered her burrow, she reappeared in a
few moments with a load of clay and closed the door. No attempt
to close was made by the bee on leaving home though, theoretically.
June, 1901.] Smith : On Some Digger Bees. 63
the danger should be much greater during the mother's absence than
when she is present. Practically there is nothing to ])revent a para-
site or predaceous species from walking right into the burrow and
cleaning out the whole nest contents. No casts were made between
June 5th and nth, and there came thus an unfortunate blank.
June nth, cast i, poured into an open perpendicular ran down 27^4
inches and had 2 cell clusters, one of six and one of five brood cells.
In one of these was a pollen cake. Cast 2 had only one cell cluster.
In this was one empty, clay-lined cell, and one containing a pollen
cake with an egg on it. This was the first completed brood cell met
with. Cast 3 had a perpendicular running down 3034 inches. There
was one cluster of three brood cells : the first was clay-lined, empty ;
the second had a fully completed pollen cake ; the third had also an
egg and was capped.
Cast 4 ran down 28 inches and had one claw cluster with three
brood cells. One of these was empty, the other two were completed
and with caps.
Cast 5 had two cell clusters, upper with three, lower with two brood
cells and all completed with pollen, egg and cover.
June 13th, cut back along the face of one of the walls of the bee
mine until a new burrow was reached and this was followed dowai care-
fully to observe the normal condition of affairs. There were two cell
clusters, one at y^.^? one at Sy^ inches. The first contained one
completed cell with pollen and egg. The second had three brood cells,
one empty, one fully loaded and sealed, the third with a recently
hatched larva. The empty cell had been recently clay-lined and in-
dicated that the bee moistened the material with saliva or some other
secretion. At all events the moisture penetrated to a little distance
into the sand and seemed to harden it. Probably, when working in
clay or a soil containing clay, this hardening mixture is all that is
needed. In fact in some cases observed I feel certain that just this
was done and no more.
June 15th, a number of hatched larvae were found and then comes
a break, due to the death of Mr. Brakeley's father, until June 30th,
when I took up the observations myself. This makes a break during
the period of development of the larva and, as pupte were found on
the 30th, there is no certainty as to the shortest period between the
beginning of the larval and the pupal stage. It is certainly not over
15 days.
64 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
The pollen used to store the cells is gathered upon the middle and
hind legs and upon the entire breast and base of abdomen of the in-
sect. The middle leg is seen at Fig. 3, Plate III, and is only a little
larger than the anterior ; the coxa however is much more developed
and the entire member is covered with hair, forming a fringe at the
sides, with points inward. The femur is grooved inferiorly for the
reception of the tibia. The tibia is quite a little dilated below the
middle, and at the tip is a single spur with toothed edges, shown at
Fig. 4 on Plate III. The claws are large and strongly toothed. The
posterior leg, shown at Fig. 5, Plate III, is much longer and stronger
than either of the others and also hairy throughout. In a general way
the tendency is to a fringing of long, stout compound hairs directed
inward to form a support to the pollen mass when gathered. There
is no specialized basket as in the case of the honey bee, and this species
makes no attempt to gather the collected pollen into one mass : when
it flies into its burrow it is yellow where there is a hair to hold the load.
The tibia has two dissimilar spurs at the tip, shown at Fig. 6, Plate
III. One of these is really pectinated or comb-toothed, forming four
four long dents, while the other has the edges narrowly serrated.
The first tarsal joint is longer than all the others combined, is also
clothed with compound hairs and has the tip prolonged at the outer
angle into a soft, curved process.
The general structure of the claws of the middle and posterior tarsi
is shown at 'Fig. 8, Plate III. In general the claws are longer and
more slender, the teeth less prominent than on the middle pair.
Otherwise, and in the central structure between the claws the two pairs
are alike.
Reference has been made to compound hairs. Of these there are
two types in the clothing of the insect. The general covering of the
functional parts of the insect is made up of palmate hairs : hairs with
a flat shank, divided into from three to ten flagellaj or whips, shown
at Fig. II, Plate III. In my Annual Report for 1S95, to the New
Jersey Agricultural College Experiment Station, I gave on a half-tone
plate. Fig. 47, a reproduction from a micro-photograph showing the
compound hair of Ai:;cpostei)ioii and Aui^och/ora; both being of the
same general type. Not all the hair is of this kind : the longer hair
at the edge of the tibite has a straight shank with many shorter or
longer branches ; but it is not palmate. 1 have already stated that
there is no specialized jjoUen basket and when gathering pollen the
June, 1901.] Smith : On Soimr Digger Bees. 65
insect simply rolls itself in the flower that the pollen may adhere to
the mesh of interlacing branches of hair. This habit would seem to
make it an effective pollenizer for fruits ; but unfortunately no obser-
vations were made as to the kinds of flowers visited : therefore, I am
unable to say at present whether the insect is of economic importance
or not. I do know that the contrast between the yellow pollen and
the metallic color of the insect is very striking and identifies the stor-
ing specimen at a glance.
June 30th, I made seven casts in bee mine No. 2, of which two
were accidentally spoiled. All of these were made close to the point
where the digging was done on the previous visit, and all were taken
out the same day. In addition, I also took out a number of larv?e,
pupK, pollen cakes and eggs from the pit next to where the casts were
made. The main object of this digging was to obtain specimens ;
but incidentally it was noted that always, in the upper cluster, there
were two or three well-developed larvae, while in the lower clusters
either very young larvas or eggs only were found. In other words,
the bees, while they first complete the upper cluster before starting the
lower series of cells, do not fill more than three of the upper, before
they start on the lower series. The greatest number of filled cells
found in any one cluster was five, and in that case three of the lower
cells were also stocked.
In cast I, I had three clusters and two branches which seemed to
represent random digging. In the upper series I found one pupa and
three full-grown larvae. Neither of the lower series contained any
larvae, but the filling of some of the cells had been begun.
Cast 2 contained only an imperfect cluster and, as there was no
bee in the cast, it is probable that the owner met with an accident.
Cast 3 had one partly completed cluster and one just started ; but
here the bee was in the cast, imbedded in one of the cells, none of
which were filled. This would seem to represent a very late start or
some accident that prevented work for a time.
Cast 4, extended more than four feet down. Four clusters were in
whole or in part completed and three of them contained cells, either
filled or in progress of being filled. All stages from the pollen cake
without an egg, to the pupa were represented in this cast, but none of
the outside cells had material of any kind. It was the study of this
series that made the relation of the outer or air cells to the inner,
brood cells, entirely clear. The bee in this instance was in the cast.
66
Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
Cast 5 had three normal cell clusters and two sets of imperfect proc-
esses, one almost at the extreme bottom, nearly four feet under
ground. In this cast pupffi and full-grown larvae were found in the
upper two series of cells. In the lower series pollen masses and eggs
were found.
Cast 6 was a complicated affair with four cell clusters. Two bees
were found in the cast and a third was taken from the mouth of the
burrow before the cast was made. When cleaning out the opening
preparatory to casting, a bee came up with a load of clay to close it.
I removed the material, but on turning found that another load had
been deposited. I waited for the next supply and captured the bee
with the forceps ; immediately thereafter a second bee came up ; but
before she could return with another
load the plaster was poured in. Two
bees were in the cast, a third had been
captured at the entrance : what relation
was there between these examples ?
There were four large cell clusters, one
of them quite a distance from the up-
right, and in three of these clusters lar-
vae and pupje were found. In the fourth
were pollen loaves and eggs.
Cast 7 was the most complicated of
the series, carrying four entire and two
partial clusters. Four bees were im-
bedded in it. Larvje and pupae were
taken out of all the clusters. One bee
was imbedded in a cell cast, as if she
had been engaged in filling it with pollen. The others were im bed-
ded in different portions of the upright.
The result of the castings and diggings made it evident that on June
30, all stages from eggs to pupae occurred in the burrows. In no
pupa was there any tendency to color up, even in the eyes. The in-
ference was that the pupa was a recent formation and that the change
to the adult was at some distance off.
As to the sex of the pupae — all of them seemed to be males. This
was easily determinable by the slender form and by the prominent
claspers of the genitalia which in the adult are almost completely
withdrawn. I made no effort to discover sexual differences in the larvK.
Fig. I. Laiva of At/gockii
hum era lis.
June, 1901.]
SiMiTH : On Some Diciger Bees.
67
In appearance the larvre were not in any way remarkable ; they
were fat, white grubs, the segments well marked, the head small,
horny and yellowish. Figure i gives a fair representation of it. The
pupa was, of course, the bundled-up adult with the sexual pieces much
more prominent.
I was unable to find any reason for the presence of more than one
bee in a cast unless, in some instances, two or more work in common,
indicating the partial development of a social tendency. It seems
reasonable to believe that those burrows that contain only two clusters
with a few filled cells are made by one bee only ; but it is perhaps a
question whether a boring with three or more clusters is the product of
a single individual in any case. Cast number
7, was evidently compound and the clusters
are arranged in two series. The perpen-
dicular extended down simply from the sur-
face for 7 inches and was there divided into
two series, each of which had cell clusters.
Had there been two bees only it would have
been easier to refer the matter to a common
use of an entrance ; but four bees require an
agreement to use in common the entire per-
pendicular.
There is a gap between July ist, and July
I2th-i3th, when I spent another two days
at Lahaway with Mr. Brakeley. On the
morning of the 12th I put down twelve and
Mr. Brakeley put down four casts in bee mine
No. 2. In working back to these casts we
found, in uncast borings, a number of cell clusters with anywhere from
one to eight closed cells. All stages from the eggs to the fully col-
ored pupre were found, and 40 of the latter were put into closed vials
for comi)lete development ; both sexes being obviously represented.
A greater number of larvai and pupae were placed in alcohol. In
general the insects were in the pupa stage. The eggs were very few
and most of the larvL^ were full grown.
It became increasingly evident that two or even three bees may
work from the same perpendicular. Three bees were found in one
cast in which there were five cell clusters. The relation of outer
empty to inner filled cells, was now conclusively established by care-
FiG. 2. Pupa of Augoch-
lora /iiiincralis.
68
Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
ful dissection of uncast burrows. At first the insect makes one brood
cell with three empties around it ; rarely there are two cells in a line
and four or five around it. Very occasionally there are three brood
cells in a line with seven or eight empties around them. The usual
form is one central with three around it, and then in order as already
described. In one cast I found lo filled cells and eleven open cham-
bers around it.
July 13th we abandoned the regular bee mine for a study of an-
other, higher field, which was less shaded and much hotter. Here
we started another pit and, as it Avas a question only of cell clusters, a
trench only thirty inches deep was needed. Here also we found a
cluster of ten cells, ali containing pupre. A three-cell cluster was
found in which was a perfectly-developed bee, capable of flight and
which actually did fly a short distance in the attempt to escape. The
second specimen from the same cluster was fully colored ; but the
wings were not yet expanded ; the third was a white pupa with eyes
besinning to color. This shows
^.^^
Fig. •;. Adult of Aiis:ochlora /iin/u-ralis.
approximately the difference in
time between the ovipositions
of one bee and, from what I saw
in the examples confined in the
vials, there was a period of five
days at least between each of
these specimens. No bees of
the new brood were yet about
and, indeed, none of the old
ones were seen above ground.
Some old bees were yet found in the burrows ; but they seemed dis-
pirited and were not at work. Many burrows had been abandoned by
their makers and there was no appearance of new digging anywhere.
The work of the hibernating examples was done, just about two
months from the time they first began to make their appearance above
ground.
Roughly then, the bees began work May 14th, the first completed
cell with pollen loaf and egg was found June nth, and the first larvae
were observed June 13th and 15th. The egg stage, then, is very brief.
June 30th there were many pupas, and a period of about fifteen days
is indicated as the length of the larval life. The pupal stage is unex-
pectedly long, no actually emerged individuals being found on July
June, I90I.] Smith : On Some Digger Bees. 69
13th, though some were completed in the cells. This gives a full
month for the pupal stage.
July 14th, Mr. Brakeley's notes are resumed, and as the result of
his observations, he thinks temperature and relative maturity of the
bee determine the size of the cell clusters and the number of eggs
laid. Early in the season when ova are developing slowly, the bee
makes only a single cell cluster, because she feels there will be plenty
of time to build another series before she needs them : that series will
contain from four to eight cells and form the bulk of the deposit.
Late bees, coming out in hot weather, feel the ova developing too
rapidly to allow of much delay and they build as many cells in one
cluster as there may be need for. In case, after the main clusters are
provided for, there be some late ovarian developments, a small clus-
ter, lower down than usual is provided.
July 15th, bees were seen on the wing, and in the field where the
adult was taken out of the cell July 13th, new diggers are already be-
ginning to be notable. Whether males ever go down into these new
burrows was not observed. On the 17th there were many new sand
heaps, and on the 21st there was a general hatching and a general
going down. Mr. Brakeley, in the course of some notes, writes :
" About this time, happened to glance over the bee-bed and saw 100
blue bees or more, hovering low to the ground. Can't say where
they come from, but I suspect that while I was working the upper
clusters the lower series were unloading their adult bees." A sample
of the conditions is shown in the following :
Case I : Top cluster, 2 cells : i bee out, i cell yet closed, bee
ready to emerge. Case 2 ; same status.
Case 3: Top, 2 cell cluster bees out of both; but i captured;
lower cell cluster with larvae.
Case 4 : Top cluster, 2 bees out ; lower, i bee out, one mature
and ready to come out.
Case 5: 4 cell clusters: ist of 10 cells, several empty, others
with mature bees ; 2d of 6 cells, some empty, others with bees nearly
mature ; 3d or 4 cells all with pupse ; 4th of one cell with larva.
July 2 2d, the last observation was made, and it was concluded
from the fact, that digging began just as it did in May, that there
would be another brood ready September 15th to 30th. .So on Sep-
tember 17th Mr. Brakeley and myself were again on hand, making
an observation trip through the blue bee territory. ^Ve saw no signs
7(» Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
of adults flying nor of any new burrows ; but we did see signs of very
recent digging from what seemed to be old sand hills. It looked as
if new earth had been pushed out of the old burrows, and on investi-
gation it proved that the oblique sand arm was being used and that
bees were working in the borings. A number of the active hills were
marked.
On the morning of the iSth four casts were put down, and on the
afternoon three others. In digging to these casts a number of closed
burrows were found and traced down with knife and trowel. An un-
expected result was that not a single brood cell was found in any of
the burrows ; nothing but irregular fingers. The bees seem to have
spent themselves in digging ; first a very deep perpendicular and from
that all sorts of irregular lateral galleries ; but in not a single case was
there a cluster of brood cells such as we found everywhere in June and
July. The casts showed exactly the same features ; there were a great
lot of irregular processes ; but there was not one single cluster, not a
solitary brood cell, not a larva nor any other early stage found. And
these were all burrows made by July bees ! Mr. Brakeley and I saw
the bees coming out of their summer burrows ; and Mr. Brakeley saw
them beginning to dig between July 14th and 2 2d. Thoughout that
same territory where this digging was most active, we now find mostly
flattened sand hills : a few from which fresh sand is being forced. In
one case the sand was being carted directly out of the perpendicular.
In the others it was forced through an oblique lateral which was not
the same as that made in July : in fact, in one case we found traces
of no less than three separate oblique laterals, all sand filled.
The interesting and unexpected feature was that not one of these
midsummer burrows — and we traced at least twenty — showed any ap-
pearance of breeding cells. There is indeed not a particle of evidence
that there has been any second brood ; on the contrary, everything
goes to prove that there has been none, and that the insects simply dig
down to get beneath the surface : for despite their bright, metallic
color they are strictly subterranean. One of the casts went down
52, another 55 inches and two of them we did not follow to the end ;
but where we did we usually found bees at the bottom. In other
words we found practically the same condition of affairs that we found
in Spring in Cock Robin Park where we first began work. Hiberna-
tion had really begun for some of them. In one case we found three
bees, in another two bees, apparently working in laterals from the
June, igoi.] Smith : On Some Digger Bees. 71
same burrow : several bees then may be working in the same general
system, all more or less independent of each other.
The conclusion was irresistible that there is no second brood : that
the bees dig to get out of the sun and keep on digging in a sort of
blind, instinctive way. I'hey make all sorts of laterals and sometimes
make processes that resemble cell clusters, in isolated instances going
so far as to line individual cells with clay. But these clusters are
never complete ; there is never an enveloping or air space and the
drop cells or fingers are of all sorts of lengths. In short the struc-
tures are not breeding cells at all. All the bees found were females,
and the inference seems to be that after copulation they do more or
less work all summer in a hap hazard sort of fashion ; then late in the
season they deepen the main burrow to between four and five feet.
There from one to eight bees will pile on top of each other to go into
hibernation. Some of the bees that we dug out more than four feet
down, from burrows closed on top, were already almost dormant and
could be freely handled without their making effort to sting : very
different from the bustling activity of the newly hatched individuals
or of those working on the brood cells.
The really remarkable fact is that these bees that have been dig-
ging such long burrows during the summer, abandon them in the
spring and start all over again with new diggings for breeding pur-
poses. A single bee may, in the course of its life, dig two quarter-
inch tubes, which combined will equal between seven and eight feet
in depth ; and if the laterals and fingers can be added it would amount
to at least two feet more — one of the most remarkable instances of
apparently useless digging on record. Mr. Brakeley, as a matter of
curiosity, weighed two bees taken in one of the winter burrows, and
found them i y^ grains together ; the larger of the two weighed less
than one grain, and he put the problem thus : If a blue bee, weight
less than one grain, will dig a hole double its own diameter, 64 inches
deep, how deep ought a Princeton graduate, weight 185 pounds (or
thereabouts), diameter two feet (more or less), to burrow to e([ual blue
bee, weight for weight ?
And he answers in this wise : One grain bee, 5 feet ; one pound,
bee, 7,000 grains — 35,000 feet or, roughly, 7 miles. This would
make for the Princeton graduate (or the Rutgers professor) 1,295
miles of tubing four feet in diameter I But this does not tell the
whole story, for the calculation was made when we did not know that
each bee digs two burrows of approximately equal depth.
72 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
Another interesting fact is this : the life of an individual female
bee is eleven months at least, and of this entire period not more than
ten days at the outside is passed above ground — probably much less,
for only when gathering pollen does the insect come out of its den.
How long an individual male lives I do not know, for circumstances
prevented the continuation of observations. If it does nothing else,
this note proves that an entire season may be not unprofitably spent in
studying the habits of even a single species.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE IIL
Structural deiaWsoi .4 ugoc/i/ora htinieralis Patt., i, anterior leg ; antenna cleaner
at a, at 2, yet further enlarged ; 3, middle leg ; 4, the single tibial spur yet further
enlarged ; 5, posterior leg; 6, spurs of posterior tibia, more enlarged; 7, claws of
anterior tarsus ; 8, claws of posterior tarsus ; 9, antenna ; 10, mandible ; II, palmate
body hair ; 12, tip of labium showing ligula, paraglossa and palpi ; 13, tip of maxilla :
all much enlarged. Original.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV.
Digging and breeding habits of Colletcs and Augochlora. 14, burrow of CoUetes
compacta, the well-defined upper shaded portion representing the cast which runs to the
end of the upper lateral ; a " heel " extends below this lateral from the main burrow,
below which the evenly shaded area represents the sand-filled portion of the digging ;
15, brood cell of C. compacta, enlarged about two diameters, showing attachment of
egg at sides, its tip resting on the food surface ; 16, 17, casts made from hibernating
burrows oi Augochlora humeralis, actual length about 50 inches; 18, cast of breeding
burrow of Augochlora, with two small cell clusters of brood cells ; the oblique lateral
at top, from which cast was made; lower part of cast broken off; actual length of
portion shown 22 inches ; 19, diagrammatic section, about 5-^ natural size, showing
oblique entrance to the perpendicular burrow ; sand heap at surface, the entrance to
the upright closed by a plug ; 20, perpendicular from which lateral extends backward,
natural size; 21, cast of a cell cluster with five brood cells: 22, section through a
single cell cluster about twice natural size, showing pollen loaf and egg at bottom,
the outside cells continued until they almost meet below the loaded cell ; 23, egg of
A. humerclis, very greatly enlarged. Original.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.
Plaster cast in position in the bee mine, ready to take out : has two brood cells.
In the bee mine, showing tools and method of digging out casts and investigat-
ing burrows : each notch or angle indicates a cast taken out.
June, 1901.] SCHAUS : HeTEROCERA FROM TrOPICAL AMERICA. 13
NEW SPECIES OF HETEROCERA FROM TROPICAL
AMERICA— II.
Bv William Schaus.
Givira platea.
Head, collar, thorax, and subdorsal tufts on abdomen mottled black and brown ;
abdomen otherwise light brown. Primaries brown, irrorated with black ; veins yel-
lowish except the subcostal ; the black irrorations forming indistinct spots on costa,
in cell, and on inner margin ; a large outer dark spot between 3 and 5 cut by vein 4 ;
just beyond cell a fine whitish line, cut by veins, a subterminal wavy black line partly
edged with white ; terminal white spots between the veins ; on basal third between
veins lb and Ic, an oval silvery spot, preceded and followed by smaller silvery white
spots. Secondaries brown; the costal margin buff; veins 6 and 7 on secondaries
from a point. Expanse, 26 mm.
Habitat : Sdo Paulo, Brazil.
Givira watsoni.
Head and thorax brown, mottled with gray and white hairs ; abdomen brown,
tinged with olivaceous on last segment. Primaries: base brown, followed by a broad
darker brown band, outwardly curved below the cell from costa to vein lb, enclosing
above vein lb a small white spot ; median space whitish, irrorated with brown, crossed
by a fine dark broken line ; close to end of cell a narrow brown shade, widening
towards inner margin ; beyond the cell a dark streak on veins 5 and 6 ; a dark sub-
terminal brown line, widening before apex, slightly lunular between the veins, and
shaded with white on either side ; the outer margin brown. Secondaries brown with
traces of darker spots near apex. Expanse, 25 mm.
Habitat: Pernambuco, Brazil.
Eugivira.
Antennae rectinated. Primaries : neuration as in Givira Walk. Secondaries :
veins 6 and 7 stalked.
Group I. Vein 8 Connected With 7 by a Bar.
Juturna Schs. {Dolecta). Cccstroides H. S. {Hypopta) 7 & 8
Aroa Schs. {^Lani^sdorfia'). on primaries on very short stalk.
Tecmessa Schs. {Givira'). Arbeloidcs Dyzx {Ingm-omorpha) .
Philomela Schs. {Givira). Sabii/osa Schs. sp. nov.
Quadra Schs. sp. nov.
Group II. Vein 8 Free.
Duraugona Schs. sp. nov. Plagiata Schs. sp. nov.
Carisca Schs. sp. nov. Pardana Schs. sp. nov.
Pallidicosta Schs. sp. nov. Pulvcrosa Hamps. {Givira).
Niidaria Schs. sp. nov.
74 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
Eugivira sabulosa.
Body light brown, rriniaries light brown, irrorated with darker brown, and
blackish lines, forming indistinct shades and stris ; blackish spots on costa ; an
interrupted blackish inner line ; a dark spot at the end of the cell ; an outer irregu-
lar dark line, connected with the submarginal irregular shadings, and the terminal
dark blotches, by dark lines from vein 3 to inner angle, and along vein 4, also about
veins 7 and 8 ; fringe mottled, light and dark brown. Secondaries brown with
irregular darker transverse stri;ie on outer half. Expanse, 37 mm.
Habitat : Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Eugivira quadra.
Body gray ; darker transverse shadings on abdomen. Primaries : costa whitish
with four black spots, a long black streak and then a shorter black streak ; cell
whitish, irrorated with light brown ; a dark spot at end of the cell ; basal half of
wing below medium vein reddish brown, this space ending at origin of vein 2 above,
and below on inner margin at lb ; beyond this to vein 3 is a whitish space slightly
irrorated with brown at inner angle ; above vein 3 and beyond cell the wing is
thickly irrorated with brown, shading to buff at apex and extreme outer margin.
Secondaries whitish, irrorated with brown above vein 3, and with traces of broken
lines towards apex ; an indistinct grayish spot at end of cell. Expanse, 37 mm.
Habitat : Sao Paulo, Brazil.
This species has vein ic as in £. arbchndes Dyar.
Eugivira durangona.
Head and thorax pale buff. Abdomen white with a subdorsal blackish tuft.
Primaries white ; some dark points along costa ; on middle of inner margin a cluster
of reddish brown and black scales ; an indistinct reddish brown shade beyond cell ;
three outer rows of minute and indistinct grayish spots between the veins. Seconda-
ries white, covered with small indistinct grayish spots except on inner margin. Both
wings with an interrupted dark terminal line ; fringe white, mottled with light red-
dish brown. Expanse, 26 mm.
Habitat : Durango, Colorado?.
Eugivira carisca.
Head, collar and thorax buff, laterally shaded with brown ; posteriorly on thorax
a tuft of reddish brown scales, and subdorsally on second segment of abdomen a
similar tuft. Primaries whitish ; at base a cluster of large dark brown spots separated
by veins, and not below vein lb ; a similar space below origin of vein 2 to inner
margin, where it is widest, and merely divided by vein lb and ic ; a round brown
spot in cell before its end ; just beyond the cell a bright brownish red spot ; the outer
space above vein i irrorated with brown, forming large spots subterminally from veins
3-8 ; costal margin spotted with brown ; apex and outer margin thickly irrorated
with brown. Secondaries grayish white. Expanse, 23 mm.
Habitat: Jalapa, Mexico.
June, 1901.] SCHAUS : HETEROCERA FROM TROPICAL AMERICA. 75
Eugivira pallidicosta.
Body dark gray. Primaries : costa to near apex broadly while, sliaded below
through cell and to apex with dark brown ; the basal half of wing and inner margin
is shaded with reddish brown, otherwise the wing is pale gray with about seven very
broken transverse brownish lines, consisting chiefly of clusters of scales at the veins.
Secondaries white. Both wings with dark geminate spots terminally at veins ; fringe
whitish, divided by a dark gray line. Expanse, 24 mm.
Habitat: Castro, Parana.
Eugivira nudaria.
Body mottled gray and pale brown, the former color predominating. Primaries
light gray, irrorated with white specks and striated with darker gray, forming indis-
tinct bands, especially on outer portion ; the inner margin with some black strise ;
costal margin spotted with black, the second from base large, and prolonged as a
black streak to vein lb, the fourth also large and crossing cell. Secondaries whitish,
striated with gray on outer half. Both wings with terminal grayish spots at veins,
fringe mottled gray and white. Expanse, 35 mm.
Habitat : Aroa, Venezuela.
Eugivira plagiata.
Body brown. Primaries gray, shaded with light brown at base and on inner
margin; the outer portion mottled with white and brownish gray strise ; a dark brown
spot on costa near base ; a larger brown spot below cell a little more remote from
base; a spot at end of cell, and another below vein 2; a subterminal brown spot
between 4 and 5, larger ones between 6 and 8, and a minute one on costa before
apex ; terminal grayish brown spots at veins ; fringe mottled gray, buff, and pale
brown. Secondaries dark grayish brown, paler terminally with dark spots at the
veins, and a dark subterminal shade below costa ; fringe mottled buff and brown.
Expanse, 38 mm.
Habitat : Aroa, Venezuela.
Eugivira pardana.
Thorax light brown with darker markings. Primaries light brown ; a basal,
inner, outer and subterminal row of round, dark brown spots, edged with whitish ;
the basal and inner row nearly straight, the outer curved beyond cell and geminate
above vein 5 ; the submarginal spots very large between veins 4 to 7, the one between
5 and 6 nearer the outer margin ; some dark spots in cell between the median and
outer rows ; two spots above inner margin between outer and subterminal rows ; ter-
minal dark spots at veins, those above veins 2-4 elongated obliquely to vein above ;
the terminal spots extending on to fringe. Secondaries with traces of darker, trans-
verse, irregular and broken lines. Expanse, 30 mm.
Habitat : Sao Paulo, Brazil. Antennae serrate fasciculate.
ARBELID/E.
Langsdorfia coresa.
Body dark brown. Primaries grayish brown, with dark brown markinri///iKUZ and occidentalis in spined seventh ventral
segment.
It has a strong superficial resemblance to Bembex einerea which is
(juite distinct from it, and has so far been recorded from Georgia
84 Journal New York. Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
only. It is (juite probable that the notes of M. Coquillett -i'^ really
apply to this species, and not to B. ciucrca, which does not occur in
California.
Steniolia sulfurea, sp. nov.
$ . With the exception of the entirely black thorax, front, vertex, cheek.s (ex-
cept orbits), small spots on the coxek and trochanters, first segment of abdomen on
its fore surface and a triangular mark above (which is sometimes merged into the black
anterior), the insect is bright sulphur yellow ; the flagellum dark above, yellowish on
basal half beneath, wings hyaline ; pubescence of head and thorax den.se and grayish.
Flagellum slender, acuminate, though shorter than in ^. diiplicata ; front long
and narrow, much more so than in the species mentioned ; legs robust ; second ventral
segment carinated on apical third, the carina extending to apical margin where it
projects in the form of a slight tooth ; seventh ventral segment medially at apex with
an emargination, in which rests a large bifurcated process forming part of the genitalia
and having one furcation much longer than the other. Length, 19-20 mm.
Habitat : Shasta County, California. Two specimens collected by
the late Henry Edwards and forming part of the collection containing
the preceding specimens. It is not closely related to any described
species of Steniolia, and is quite remarkable in its coloration.
NOTE ON THE LARVA OF PSAPHIDIA
THAXTERIANUS.
By Harrison G. Dyar.
Head luteous brown, dotted with whitish, a black patch on each
side of the clypeus with a brown shade on the angle of the lobe and
one extending upward on the posterior edge of the lobe, widening
above to suggest an elliptical pale enclosure on the side; width 3.3
mm. Body vinous brown, a little greenish tinted ; a series of large
subdorsal creamy white patches on joints 2 to 14, on the thorax cov-
ering the sides of the cervical shield setae ia to iib, on the abdomen
setae i to iii (the patch somewhat trilobate) and whole of anal plate.
Tubercles and spiracles white ; setse normal, single, distinct, but fine,
pale ; thoracic ones well separated and all present.
The handsome larva of this rare Noctuid occurred to me on the
white oak at Brookhaven, N. Y., in June. It was fully grown and
* Proceedings Entomological Society of Washington, V. Ill, p. 236.
June, igoi.] DYAR : A M F.W ARCTIAN. 85
pupated immediately in the earth. 'J'he moth emerged the following
May.
♦
DIAGNOSIS OF A NEW ARCTIAN.
Bv Harrison G. Dvar.
Dodia albertae, gen, nov. et sp.
Head moderately prominent, tongue weak, palpi short, not reaching front, eyes
naked, ocelli large ; $ antennce simple with bristles and cilia ; body slender, geo-
metriform, vestiture hairy but short ; hind tibia; with four spurs, fore tibia; with termi-
nal spine ; primaries broad, trigonate ; secondaries large and ^mple. Vein i free,
scarcely forked at base ; 2 from middle of cell ; 3-5 rather approximate, 5 nearer 4
than 6 ; 6 from end of cell, free or shortly stalked ; 7-10 stalked, 8-9 nearly at apex ;
II and 12 free; on hind wings 3-4 approximate ; 5 strong, arising near 4 ; 6-7
stalked; 8 anastomosing with cell to near middle. Frenulum present. Gray, wings
diaphanous with only a faint whitish waved subterminal line or considerably washed
with whitish over the basal half of the wing, leaving a gray subbasal curved band and
a slightly waved, oblique, median one, between which and the subterminal line are
whitish powderings. Hind wings subhyaline. Expanse, 34-35 mm.
Three S $ , Calgary, Alberta, Canada (F. H. Wolley Dod). One,
taken June ii is fresh and washed with white; a second, July 3,
is diaphonous gray with only traces of markings, while the third,
July 10, is rubbed and nearly hyaline.
U. S. National Museum, type No. 5747.
DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE LEPIDOPTEROUS
LARV^.
By D. W. Coquillett.
Homccosoma mucidellum Rago//oL
Body green, minutely granulated, a brown dorsal and subdorsal
stripe, first thoracic segment brownish, darkest laterally, cervical
shield yellow, bordered posteriorly with black piliferous spots, minute,
black, spiracles circular, wholly black, anal plate unmarked, head
brown, an ocellar black dot and above it a large black spot ; 16 legs ;
length, 8 mm.
Found two February 12, 1893, in thin, white cocoons beneath a
piece of paper in the grass near l.os .\ngeles, Cal. One pupated
February 15, and the moth issued March 28.
86 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
Ephestiodes gilvescentella Ragonot.
Body (lull olive brown, in the younger ones marked with a dorsal,
subdorsal and stigmatal whitish stripe, which are sometimes so di-
lated as to almost cover the whole dody, but in the older ones they
are narrower, sometimes being entirely wanting ; piliferous spots quite
distinct, blackish brown ; spiracles ringed with black ; head dark,
reddish brown ; cervical shield yellowish brown, bordered posteriorly
with black ; on each side of the first thoracic segment is a rather large)
polished, blackish, stigmatal spot ; thoracic legs whitish, marked with
black; no anal plate ; length, ii mm.
Found many on trunks of orange trees at Los Angeles, Cal., Jan. 5
and 7, 1889. Some were in masses of dry leaves, in the crotches of the
trees, and the leaves bore evidence of having been fed upon by them.
Others were in silk-lined channels in the bark of the tree, beneath
debris of various kinds adhering to the bark. They refused to feed
upon the green orange leaves. The moths issued from February 21 to
Tvlarch 8.
Setiostoma fernaldella Riley.
Body greenish white, a dorsal row of large pinkish spots, a rather
wide subdorsal and narrower stigmatal interrupted pinkish line ; the
three thoracic segments wholly pinkish ; piliferous spots and spiracles
black or dark brown ; cervical shield blackish brown, head yellowish
brown; length, 12 mm. Lives on Querciis agrifoliaht\.\\tQXi\.\\o\QdMt%
fastened together with silk threads. Found many larvae June 13,
1886, near Los Angeles, Cal. The moths issued during the following
month. Young larvae also were found in the same locality, Feb. 12,
1S88.
NOTE ON A SPECIES OF PSILOPYGA.
By Charles Schaeffer.
Specimens collected by Dr. R. E. Kunze, in Arizona, agree very
well with the description of the Mexican P. fasciata Sharp, except
in the extent of the red markings, which are said to occupy two-
thirds of the elytra in the Mexican species, while in the specimens
from Arizona the red occupies only one-third of the elytra. Accord-
ing to Dr. Sharp the generic name Psilopyga must be restored for our
species of Oxyciwrnus.
June, I90I.] BeUTENMCLLER : EARLIER STAGES OF SpHINX GoRDIUS. 87
THE EARLIER STAGES OF SPHINX GORDIUS.
Bv William BeutenmCller.
£i^g. — Globular, smooth, shining, pale green. Width, i mm.
Height, .75 mm. The egg is similar to that of Spliiiix hicitiosa, but is
smaller and more globular. Emerged July 6th.
Stage I. — Pale whitish green, caudal horn jet black, with two hair-
like bristles at the tip. Length, 3.5 mm. As the larva becomes
older there appears at the sides five white oblique bands and a sub-
dorsal stripe of the same color. Length, 7 mm. Getting ready to
moult July loth and nth. Moulted July nth and 12th.
Stage 11. — Pale green with pale yellow granulations, and pale
yellowish oblique bands at the sides and a subdorsal stripe, broken by
the bands. Caudal horn reddish brown, cherry red at base. Feet,
legs and head, pale green. Getting ready to moult July 14th and
15th. Moulted July 15th and i6th. Length, 12 mm.
Stage III. — Pale green, thickly beset with yellowish granulations,
and a short subdorsal stripe on each side composed of yellow granula-
tions. The oblique bands yellow behind, red in front and slightly
white in the middle. Head green with a yellow stripe on each side in
front. Caudal horn red with short spines. Thoracic feet red. Ab-
dominal and anal legs green. Getting ready to moult July i8th and
19th. Moulted July 19th and 20th. Length, 18 mm.
Stage IV. — Head light green with a broad yellow stripe on each side
in front. Body bright whitish green with the oblique bands broad,
bright crimson in front, yellowish behind. and white in the middle.
Caudal horn crimson. Thoracic feet crimson. Sometimes the caudal
horn is crimson above, orange beneath or blackish above, yellow beneath
and red at the sides. Moulted July 23d and 24th. Length, 24 mm.
Stage V. — Same as in the previous stage. Moulted July 29th and
30th. Length 35 mm.
Stage VI. — Body bright apple green with numerous small yellow-
ish or whitish dots, some of which are encircled with black. Along
each side are seven oblique, bright carmine stripes, which are white
posteriorly, the carmine shading into the white. Caudal horn black
at the sides and tip, green at the middle above and beneath. Spiracles
orange. Head with a yellowish and brownish stripe on each side in
front. Thoracic feet pink, greenish at the base. Abdominal and
anal legs green. Length, 65 mm.
Food-plants : Apple, huckleberry, Myrica.
88 Journal New York. Entomological Society. [VoI. ix.
THE EARLIER STAGES OF CERATOMIA
AMYNTOR.
By William Beutenmuller.
Stage I. — Body pale green, with a whitish dorsal line and one on
each side on the subdorsal, the oblique stripes along the sides running
through the subdorsal line and almost touching the stripe on the dor-
sum. Caudal horn yellowish with two fine fork-like setae at the tip.
On each the second and third segments are two short, blunt, stout
tubercles. Thoracic feet and abdominal legs green. Length, 8.50
mm. Getting ready to moult July 13. Moulted July 14th.
Stage II. — Same color as in previous stage. Body and head, gran-
ulated, and the line along the dorsum in form of serrations. The
tubercles on the second and third segments more prominent. The
body is regularly wrinkled and the granulations are placed on these
transversely. Length, 15 mm. Moulted July iSth.
Stage III. — Uniform green above and below. The dorsal line is
now composed of rather prominent elevated serrations and at the an-
terior edge of the first segment a transverse row of serrations. The
oblique stripes along the side almost touch the dorsal line. Caudal
horn yellow. The tubercles on the second and third segments yellow
and beset with small yellow protuberances. There is also a serrated,
yellow, subdorsal line, beginning at the anterior edge of the first seg-
ment and running to the end of the fourth segment ; it is broken by
the tubercles. Length, 21 mm. Moulted July 2 2d.
Stage IV. — Head green with a yellow line on each side and
covered with yellow, granular dots. Thoracic feet yellow, tip red.
The tubercles on the second and third segment are now fleshy and
very prominent with canary yellow protuberances. The row of serra-
tions on the anterior edge of the first segment is now also very promi-
nent. The subdorsal line as in the previous stage. The dorsal line
prominent and distinctly serrated, i)inkish, white. The seven pink-
ish white oblique stripes along the sides, raised by tubercular dots.
Caudal horn yellowish. Anal plates with yellow borders. Body
wholly dotted with whitish grandular dots. Length, 25 mm. Moulted
July 27th.
Stage V. — Same color and marking as in the preceding stage, ex-
cept the thoracic feet, pink. Length, 45 mm. Moulted July 31st
and August ist.
June, igoi.] BeUTENMULLER : STAGES OF SmKRINTHUS GeMINATUS. 89
Stage VI. — Chocolate brown with the dorsal serrations and lateral
oblique stripes somewhat paler. The lateral stripes are now composed
of elevated serrations ; behind each stripe is a pale brownish-gray hue
or shade. Subdorsal serrated line somewhat like in the last stage,
but more prominent. The four fleshy tubercles with yellow warts.
Anal-plate maroon brown. Head chestnut brown, granulate, with a
paler stripe on each side. Mouth-parts yellow ; mandibles black.
Thoracic feet chestnut red.
Food-plant : Elm.
As is well known the usual color of the fully grown larva is green
instead of brown and the species also feeds on linden and white birch.
THE EARLIER STAGES OF SMERINTHUS
GEMINATUS.
By William Beuten.mullek.
Stage I. — Wholly green. Caudal horn black. Head globular.
Length, 4 mm. Moulted June 5th.
Stage II. — The head is now triangular and slightly furcate on the
vertex and covered with minute granulations. Along the sides of the
body are seven oblique yellow bands, broken on the subdorsum by a
longitudinal, narrow yellow line. The bands and lines are composed
of elevated granulations. Over the body are numerous elevated granu-
lations. Caudal horn reddish brown. Tip of thoracic feet pinkish.
Length, 7.5 mm. Moulted June 9th.
Stage III. — Very much like the last stage, but the oblique lateral
stripes are paler and the subdorsal stripes more conspicuous on the
first to the end of the fourth segments. Length, 12 mm. ]\Ioulted
June nth.
Stage IV. — Pale green with the subdorsal line only reaching to the
end of the fourth segment and composed of serrations, and much
deeper yellow. The body is covered with whitish green granules,
giving the larva a light appearance. The last oblique stripe on the
sides reaches to the tip of the caudal horn, which is black above.
Head triangular. Spiracles black. Thoracic feet black, pinkish at
the base. Length, 15 mm. Moulted June i6th.
90 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
Stage V. — Head more triangular with a yellow vertical stripe on
each side in front. Body bluish green with the subdorsal line as before,
but more distinct and clear, pale straw yellow. Oblique stripes on
the sides less distinct, except the last, bright yellow and reaches the
tip of the caudal horn, which is now reddish above and below.
Spiracles black. Length, 28 mm. Moulted June 2 2d.
Siage VI. — Body decidedly bluish green, more so than in the last
stage, especially along the dorsal region, granular. Subdorsal line and
oblique stripe like before. Caudal horn bluish purple. Thoracic feet
purplish. Abdominal legs purplish outside. Spiracles black, center
white. Length, 55 mm.
Food-plants: Cherry, wild and cultivated, plum, apple, elm, oak,
hazel, willow, poplar, hornbeam, birch, ash, etc.
DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE LEPIDOPTEROUS
LARViE.
By William Beutenmuller.
Alaria florida.
Head shining green ; cervical shield green with a purplish patch
on each side ; body bright green, covered with numerous, elevated,
white granules ; dorsal line and indications of a line above the spira-
cles darker green. There is also a trace of a faint pale line along the
spiracles. Junctions of segments with a narrow yellow transverse
line above. Lhiderside smooth, bright green with a whitish tinge.
Length, 30 mm.
Found on evening primrose, August 17th. The moth emerged the
following July.
tiadena devastatrix.
Head very glossy chestnut brown ; smooth parts pitchy black ;
cervical shield rounded at the sides and behind, testaceous ; anterior
edge blackish, glossy ; body dirty brownish white, very glossy, with
a dark band on a junction of each segment. A few short hairs are
scattered over the body, which arise from minute piliferous spots.
Thoracic feet testaceous, tips pitchy black ; spiracles black ; abdom-
inal legs not prominently developed. Length, 30 mm.
Found under a stone, May 27th, living in a burrow about three
inches deep.
June, igoi.] PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCJETY. 91
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMO-
LOGICAL SOCIETY.
Meeting of October i6, 1900.
Held at the residence of Mr. Chas. Palm, 172 E. 64th St. Vice-President Palm
in the chair. Nine members and two visitors present. Mr. Joutel acted as recording
secretary /re tern, in absence of Mr. Shaeffer.
Mr. E. P. Felt was proposed for corresponding membership by Mr. Joutel.
Mr. Chas. Palm exhibited some rare coleoptera from Arizona, collected by Dr.
Kunze, amongst which were Cychrus siioivii, from the Pima Mountains, Afelanophila
mirandi, Plusiotis gloriosa, P. lecontei, P. luoodii, Chalcolepiduis sniaragdinus, C.
tartariais, C. behrensii, C. 7vebhi, Xvlorydcs faitims. He also showed an intermedi-
ate form of Z^j'wr/.fto ///jv/j and ^Trt/^/"//. After discussion and informal meeting, ad-
journment.
Meeting of October 20, 1900.
Held at the residence of Mr. S. Beyer, 511 E. 117th St. President Beutenmiiller
in the chair. Ten members present.
The treasurer was authorized to deposit in the savings bank such money as he
deemed advisable to put out on interest. Mr. E. P. Felt was elected a corresponding
member of the Society. On motion it was decided to have an outing on December
1st and 2d to the Ramapo Mountains. Mr. Weeks reported the death of Rev.
George D. Hulst, and upon motion Messrs. Beutenmiiller and Weeks were appointed
as a committee to draft resolutions on the death of Dr. Hulst. Mr. Schaeffer exhibited
a series of Callichroma splendida, from the usual green to the entirely blue forms.
Mr. Beyer then showed part of his collection, calling attention to his latest captures
from Florida, Montana and North Carolina. His collection contains many fine series
of Cychorus, viz. : C. giiyotii, C. andreiusii, C. ridingsii, C. stenostomiis var. bicar-
inattts, C- canadensis, C. vidinis, C. clevattis var. keros and C. heiiipJiillii.
Meeting of December 4, 1900.
Held at the American Museum of Natural History. President Beutenniiiller in
the chair. Eight members present.
Mr. F. D. Watson, was proposed for active membership by Mr. Joutel.
Mr. Beutenmiiller showed an example of Papilio iiicrope var. cenea which mim-
ics the female of Diadcnta ndsippus.
Mr. Barber spoke on a collection of Coleoptera taken at Cold Spring Harbor,
L. I.
Messrs. Beutenmiiller and Weeks having been appointed a committee at the last,
meeting of the Society, to draft a fitting memorial regarding the death of Rev. Dr.
Geo. D. Hulst, presented the following resolutions :
Resolved, That by the death of the Rev. Dr. George D. Hulst, a member of this
Society, this community has lost a true educator, a keen and enthusiastic scientist and
an estimable and worthy citizen, his congregation a faithful and earnest pastor, the
unfortunate a genuine comforter and alleviator, his family a beloved husband and
father, and we a valued associate and friend.
92 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
Resolved, That we sincerely mourn for the bright and genial companion, the
pleasing and sympathetic instructor, the ever-ready and attractive speaker, the indus-
trious and intelligent student, the man, valiant for the right yet modest and unassum-
ing, by foes respected and admired, by friends honored and esteemed.
Resolved, That we deeply regret his sudden and untimely departure in the meri-
dian of his experience and powers, while his master hand was on the key, alert to
complete his self-allotted tasks in the solution of those problems of nature to which
he had devoted so large a portion of his abounding talents and energies.
Resolved, That these resolutions be inserted in the minutes of the Society and a
copy thereof sent to the family of the deceased.
Meeting of December iS, 1900.
Held at the American Museum of Natural History. In absence of the President
and Vice-President, Mr. L. H. Joiitel was elected as chairman pro tent. Twelve
members present.
Mr. F. D. Watson was elected an active member of the Society. ,
Mr. Kearfott and Dr. Love were appointed as a committee to nominate officers
for the year 1901.
Mr. Schaeffer exhibited a number of Coleoptera collected in the vicinity of New
York : Melasis pedinicornis, Deltoinetopus ruflpes, Entomophthalmus riifioliis, Mic-
rorrhagus suhsinuatus, M. hiiinerahis, M. aiidax, Hypocalus frontosus, and Schizo-
phibis siibrtifus. He also spoke on the different way of collecting. The species
referred to live in dead branches, generally oak.
After discussion adjournment.
Meeting of January 15, 1901.
Held at the American Museum of Natural History. President Bcutenmiiller in
the chair. Nine members present.
The treasurer presented his report on the finances of the Society for the year
1900, which was accepted, and referred to the auditing committee. The following
officers were elected for the year 1901 : President, Wm. Beutenmiiller ; Vice-Presi-
dent, Wm. D. Kearfott ; Treasurer, I^. H. Joutel ; Recording Secretary, Chas.
Schaeffer ; Corresponding Secretary, C. F. Groth ; Executive Committee, Chas.
Palm, H. Hug, C. F. Groth, R. Ottolengui, O. Seifert ; Publication Committee, Wm.
Beutenmiiller, L. H. Joutel, Chas. Schaeffer and Chas. Palm.
Mr. Kearfott extended an invitation to the members to meet in his house at
Montclair, N. J., on January 27th, to examine his large collection of Lepidoptera.
After a general discussion, adjournment.
Meeting of February 5, 1901.
Held at the American Museum of Natural History. President Beutenmiiller in
the chair. Nine members present.
The resignations of Messrs. E. Shoemaker and Ernest T- Munch were read
and accepted.
Mr. L. Kriiger, of Stettin, Germany, was proposed for corresponding membership
by Mr. Beutenmiiller.
June, igoi.] PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 93
Mr. Schaeffei" exhibited the species of Trechns, among which was a new species
collected on Mt. Mitchell, western North Carolina, by Mr. Beutenmiiller. The dif-
ferences between the species were pointed out, also the more salient characters of the
new species. Mr. Beutenmiiller spoke on the habits of Trechns hydropicn^ and the
new species, both of which he stated lived in deep damp moss and were obtained by
sifting.
Meeting of Fefsruakv iS, 1901.
Held at the residence of Mr. C. F. Groth, 139 E. 40th St. President I>euten-
miiller in the chair. Fourteen members present.
Mr. L. Kriiger, proposed at a previous meeting, was elected a corresponding
member.
On motion it was decided that the Journal shall not be sent to members in the
arrears with their dues for one year.
Mr. Groth exhibited his collection of insect architecture.
The president appointed the following committees: Field Committee, Wm. D.
Kearfott, and Dr. E. G. Love. Auditing Committee : H. G. Barber, O. Seifert, and
Chas. Palm. Delegates to the Scientific Alliance, Dr. E. G. Love and C. Y . Groth
and the president by the constitutions of the Alliance.
The death of Mr. Frederick Clarkson, a member of this society was announced
by Mr. Groth, and upon motion Mr. A. C. Weeks was asked to draft proper resolu-
tions on the death of our fellow member, whereupon Mr. Weeks piresented the fol-
lowing :
Resolved, That we, the meml)ers of this Society, sincerely regret the death of our
associate and realize that thereby we have lost a worthy member, a genial and cour-
teous companion and a respected and valued friend.
Resolved, That these resolutions be entered in our minutes and a copy thereof
transmitted to the family of the deceased.
After a social and informal meeting, adjournment.
Meeting of RLvrch 5, 1900.
Held at the American Museum of Natural History. Dr. Love in the chair, //
tern. Eleven members present.
The following motions were made and accepted : ( i ) That a sum not exceed-
ing three dollars be appropriated to defray the expenses of each social meeting held
at a member's house. (2) That this Society shall hold a subscription dinner on April
17th, provided a sufficient number of members and their friends participate, and the
arrangements for the dinner be left in the hands of Mr. Chas. Palm. (3) That a
certificate of membership be prepared. (4) That a circular soliciting new members
and subscribers to the JOURNAL be issued at the expense of the Society.
Mr. Watson showed an interesting aberration of Pamphila hobotitok taken in
Van Courtlandt Park, N. Y. The upper left-hand side of the specimen was the nor-
mal dimorphic female, pocohontas, while the right-hand side showed the yellow mark-
ings o[ hobomok. The under side was entirely abnormal, lieing a mixture oi hohoinok
and VAX. pocohontas ; the markings are not symmetrical, the left side being entirely
different from the right.
94: Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
Mr. Schaefter exhibited the following rare Coleoptera taken in the vicinity of
New York. Splueridiiiin scarabiEoides, taken in West P'arms. He stated that Dr,
Horn had omitted this European species from our fauna, in his paper on Sphxriditiiii,
but that other specimens had been taken in Wisconsin and Canada, and that the spe-
cies should be included in our lists. Dicraiiopselaphiis variegatus, taken by Sweep-
ing low plants ; Crosimtis obesulus taken by sifting old leaves at Greenwood Lake,
N. J., in June. Cerophytuin piilsaior, from Fort L.ee, N. J., Europs pallipe)inis, from
buds of hickory in Mosholu, Phyllobrotica discoidea, taken in number at Arlington, N.
]., by sweeping in meadows ; this is the first record of its occurrence in New Jersey.
Cassida nebulosa was taken by Dr. Love and Mr. Miinch at Suffern, N. Y. ; as com-
pared with the European form of this species, they are smaller but otherwise seem to
agree very well. Rhinosiiiius csneipennis was taken in the Highlands, N. J., by beat-
ing oak branches and Sttplianoclecnus planibeiis taken in Mosholu under stones.
Meeting of March 19, 1901.
Held at the residence of Mr. Beutenmiiller, 106 \V. 133 St. Ten members
present.
Mr. Palm proposed that the subscription dinner of the society be held at the
Arion Hall, 59th St. and 4th Ave. He stated that a sufficient number of members
had subscribed to make the affair a success.
Mr. Beutenmiiller showed a large series of lantern slides, illustrating mimicry,
protective coloration and life histories of many species of Lepidoptera. He also showed
by means of a lantern a series of slides of views taken in the Black Mountains in
western North Carolina. After informal meeting, adjournment.
Meeting of April 2, 1901.
Held at the American Museum of Natural History. President Beutenmiiller
in the chair. Eleven members present.
Mr. Kearfott reported on the proposed field meetings of the Society, viz. :
April 14th Mountclair, N. J. ; May 4-5, Suffern, N. Y. ; May 18-19, Green-
wood Lake, N. J. ; May 30 to June I, Ramapo, N. Y. ; June 15-16, Lake Hop-
tatcong, N. J. ; June 21-23, Anglesea, N. J. Members of the Brooklyn and New-
ark Entomological Societies were cordially invited to attend these meetings. Mr.
Schaeffer recorded the occurrence of Ap/todiiis /ongiiliis taken by Mr. Beutenmiiller
at Fort Lee, N. ]. The specimen was dug out of a decaying chestnut stump where
it probably hibernated. He also showed a specimen of Treckus barbai-ce. Mr. Beu-
tenmiiller, spoke on some Pacific coast species of Catocala. He stated that a sup-
posed type of C. niariana Hy. Edw., in the Strecker collection was identical with C.
californica and that the true types of mariana in the Hy. Edwards collection was an
entirely different insect. He also showed a series of Catocala from Lake Tahoe,
Sierra Nevada, Calif., which he was unaljle to identify. After discussion, adjourn-
ment.
Meeting of April 16, 1901.
Held at the residence of Mr. Chas. Palm. In the absence of the President and
\'ice-President, Mr. Palm was elected chairman, pro tern. Eight members present.
No business was transacted and the entire evening was devoted to informal dis-
cussions, on collecting grounds and inspecting beetles exhibited by Mr. Palm.
June, 1901.J Proceedings of the Society. 95
Mkettng of May 7, 1901.
Held at the American Museum of Natural History. Seven members present.
Mr. Beutenmuller proposed Messrs. Thomas O'Connor and E. Irving Hunting-
ton, both of New York, for active membership.
Mr. Beutenmuller recommended that the sum of $25.00 be appropriated for the
purpose of soliciting members for the society. On motion this sum was allotted for
this purpose. The following amendment to the by-laws was offered : That IH, sec-
tion 4, should read as follows : Any person may, by the payment of fifty dollars in
lieu of annual dues, become a life-member, in payment of one hundred dollars become
a patron and in payment of five hundred dollars become a patron.
Mr. Beutenmuller spoke on the introduction of the Chinese Manlid, Tenodei-a
sinensis at Mt. Airy, Pa. He stated while on a visit to Mr. Laurent at that place, he
had picked off a tree an egg-mass of this species, which very much resembles a cocoon
of Tclea polyphejtius. He further stated that Mr. Laurent had subsequently found the
£gg-n''asses in abundance. Mr. Beutenmuller also stated that he had liberated over
one hundred young T. sinensis at Fort Lee, N. J., and that he had failed to raise them
in captivity, owing to the want of proper food.
The following Lepidoptera, presented by Mrs. Slosson, and to be .sold at auction
for the benefit of the Journal, were exhibited. Amea portia, Eunica iatila, Enda-
nms zestos, E. batabano, Pamphila ethlius, Thecla niartialis, Pergesia thorates. Sphinx
canadensis, Dilophonota caicus, Cautellim grotei, Alypia ivittfeldii, Biirtia behe, Com-
posia fidelissiina, Syntomia epilais, Eiiclicctes abdominalis, Scepsis edwardsii, Euhalis-
idota longa, Halisidota cindipes, Ecpantheria scribonia var. deniidata, Lagoa pyxidi-
fera, Lagoa opercularis, Ilypercheria lilith, Hypa'pax aitrisiriata, etc.
On motion of Mr. A. C. Weeks a vote of thanks was extended to Mrs. Slosson
for her generous donation.
Mr. A. C. Weeks read the following paper : " Suggestions for Collecting Insects
with Least Injury." The true collector studied to preserve his captures as perfectly
as possible. The more perfect a specimen the moi-e valuable and attractive was it for
cabinet purposes as well as more capable of accurate identification. Lepidoptera by
reason of their fragility required more care than insects of other orders. The principal
situations of capture were in the field, at light or sugar and when bred. In the field
he recommended the use of one jar for killing and any other jar for storing, in which the
specimens folded in paper could be packed. Among these papered specimens any of
those of the other orders unpapered could be placed after killing. This method seemed
on the whole preferable to the use of collecting bo.\es which were objectionable on ac-
count of inaccuracy in pinning, exposure to injury and liability of insect to revive, be-
sides being cumbersome to carry, whde on the other hand specimens in stone jars
could be {tinned with care or relaxed at leisure, were never exposed to light or air
currents and could not revive. The storing jar answered a double purpose, not only
for storing, but if required, of killing as well — also insects papered and firmly secured
in stone jars relieved the collector from any solicitation as to his movements. At light
and sugar, where numbers of insects were taken in rapid succession and papering was
impossible or inconvenient, it would be found advisable to have large storing jars sta-
tioned at short intervals into which the captures could be transferred. Separate jars
should be carried for larger specimens and those likely to cause injury by their spiny
96 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
legs in struggling to escape. Those bred, if diurnals, should be kept in absolute dark-
ness, if nocturnals, in as much light as possible, but not sunlight glare, to prevent flut-
tering. Large Lepidoptera such as .-4. a}-chippus could be carrried safely in a jar with-
out paper by wedging, i. e , after covering the bottom of the jar with as many as could
be placed upright with wings folded, additional specimens with wings likewise folded
could be inserted in an upright position between two adjacent wings of different speci-
mens, the insect to be inserted being held by tweezers and the separation effected by
a thin blade. To remove the specimens they should be tapped, and not lifted, out.
Insects of other orders should not be introduced among lepidoptera thus packed.
Coleoptera and Hemiptera should be collected in jars half filled with well-crumpled
tissue paper, but not cotton. Beetles with a fine bloom or pubescence should be
wrapped in paper to prevent marring. If the collecting be general, the killing jar
need have no lining except blotting paper, fitted accurately, and all captures might be
transferred to the stone jar containing the papered Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. Neur-
optera on account of the fragile character of their bodies and rOthoptera on account of
their spiny legs and secretions should be stored separately in jars half-filled with
crumpled tissue paper. All captures should be transferred from the storing jars to a
relaxing vessel as speedily as possible and no mounting should be done until at least
one day's relaxation had been allowed.
Meeting of May 21, 1901.
Held at the American Museum of Natural History. President Beutenmiiller in
the chair. Seven members present.
Messrs. Thomas D. O'Connor and E. Irving Huntingtcn, proposed at a previous
meeting, were elected active members of the Society.
Mr. Palm presented a bill for extra expenses incurred by the dinner held by the
Society, April 17th, and upon motion the Treasurer was authorized to pay the same.
Dr. Love reported on the good progiess made by the Scientific Alliance towards
a building for the societies. He also spoke on the advisability of our Society of hold-
ing one meeting a month, but no action was taken.
Mr. Schaeffer made some remarks on the species of Oiiiophron, illustrated by
specimens.
Mr. Beutenmiiller exhibited progressive proofs of plates on food-habits of North
American Sesiidte and a copy of the complete work, which he said would be issued
in a few days. He also spoke on a monograph of the genus Catocala which he was
now preparing and exhibited colored drawings of the black-winged species.
Mr. Barber showed some Coleoptera bred from hickory and sumac.
Journ. N. Y. Enf. Soc.
Vol. IX. PI. in.
Structural details of Augochlora humeralis.
Vol. IX. PL IV.
Architecture of AiMOchlora and Colletes.
Joiirn. N. Y. En/. Sor.
r»/. /A'. /'/. rv.
Aberration of Papilio philenor,
Joiirn. N. V. Eut. Soc.
Vol. IX. PL VI.
Aberration of Papilio philenor,
JOURNAL
J}f\a igopk €!ntoraoIogirHl HoriFtg.
\^ol. IX. SEPTEMBER, 1901. No. 3.
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW TIPULID^.
BV R. W. DOANE.
In my first article on North American Tipulidte (Jour. X. Y. Ext.
Soc, Vol. VIII, No. 3) a number of mistakes occurred which were
■ corrected in some of the separates sent out by me. It may be well to
note these corrections here. Dicranoptycha boreal is, should read Lim-
nobia boreaUs ; Cfxptolabis bisbiuatis should read Cryptolabis bisimiata ;
Limnophila flavapUa should read LininopJiila flavipila ; Phyllolabis
obscuris should read Phyllolabis obsciira ; Ainalopis disphaiia should
read Amalopis diaphaua ; the reference to the plate after Folya/ii^iai/s
maailatus should read PI. VIII, Fig. 20, instead of PI. VII, Fig, 20.
I am under obligations to Prof. J. M. Aldrich, Univ. of Idaho ;
Prof. Trevor Kincaid, Univ. of Wash.; Dr. L. O. Howard, U. S.
Entomologist and Curator of Insects for the National Museum, for
large series of Tipulidse from their respective collections ; also to Prof.
V. L. Kellogg, Stanford University ; Prof. Jas. Hines, Univ. of Ohio ;
Mr. G. Chagnon, Montreal, and to others for smaller valuable series ;
also to those having charge of the insect collections in the National
Museum and in the Museum of Comparative Zoology in Cambridge
for the privilege of studying the Tipulidas in these collections.
Tipula illustris, sp. nov.
Brown ; head yellowish ; front and occiput dark brown or blackish ; rostrum
short, yellowish below, brown above ; nasus darker brown ; palpi brown ; antenna;
rather long, reaching beyond the base of the wing, dark brown or black, first and
second joints sometimes lighter especially below, joints beyond the third incrassate
below at base ; mesonotum dark brown, with a narrower median black line and two
very indistinct lateral lighter lines ; scutellum and metanotum yellowish, the brown
-Stripe in the middle bordered by a brownish area varying in width ; collare light
98 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
brown with three darker spots ; dorsopleural membrane yellowish ; mesopleura and
sternopleura very dark grayish ; pteropleura and hypopleura light grayish ; metapleura
yellowish ; halteres yellowish at base, infuscated toward tip, knobs brown ; legs brownish-
yellow, tarsi and tips of femora and tibia brown ; abdomen reddish-brown, sometimes
with a faint median brownish line ; eighth tergite concealed except laterally ; hypopy-
gium very small, a little lighter than the rest of the abdomen, upper lamella with a
wide crescent-shaped incision, outer lateral appendages of lower lamella about three
times as long as wide, incurved, tip rounded ; wings uniformly reddish-brown, color-
ing sometimes a little less dense in the middle of some of the cells and in the region
of the stigma which is not darker than the rest of the wing ; veins brown, sometimes
those in the region of the discal cell in part whitish. Length, male 9-10 mm., wing
12-13 nini-
Habitat : St. Anthony, Idaho, two males. (Type) Aldrich. Olym-
pia, Wash., two males. Kincaid. Yakama, Wash., one male. Bat-
tle Creek, Mich., two males. Aldrich. Type no. 147. Wash.
Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
Tipula dorsolineata, sp. nov.
Cinereous ; head light yellowish, somewhat cinereous above ; rostrum short, some-
what darker, with a fuscous lateral line ; palpi fuscous to blackish ; antennae of male
reaching beyond the base of the wings, first and second joints light yellowish, others
fuscous, cylindrical ; antennae of female hardly reaching the base of the wings ; meso-
notum cinereous with an indistinct narrow median fuscous stripe and two much broader
fuscous stripes on each side, the outer pair not reaching the anterior margin ; a rather
broad yellowish median line running from the suture to the base of the abdomen ; col-
lare brown with three yellow spots ; scutellum light yellowish, lateral margin more or
less fuscous ; metanotum whitish-yellow with two broad lateral fuscous stripes ; pleura
mostly brown, pteropleura and a few spots along the sutures much lighter brown ;
halteres brown, yellowish at the base, knobs brown ; legs yellowish-brown, the tarsi
and the tips of the femora and the tibia darker ; abdomen brownish, the anterior mar-
gin of each segment lighter, the posterior and lateral margins much darker brown ;
hypopygium small, concolorous with abdomen ; upper lamella with a deep V-shaped
incision ; lower lamella with a deep Y-shaped incision, the upper pair of lateral ap-
pendages is somewhat spatulate and brownish, the lower pair is smaller and brownish-
yellow ; eighth and ninth terga of abdomen of female yellowish, shining, with three
brown spots ; ovipositor yellowish, dai'ker at the base, upper valves rounded at the
tip, lower valves reaching a little beyond the base of the upper valves ; wings hyaline,
with a slight grayish tinge ; subcostal cell brownish ; very faint lighter streaks in
nearly all the other cells ; stigma brown, surrounded by an indistinct whitish cloud ;
a small whitish spot in the base of the discal cell incompletely connected with the one
around the stigma ; discal cell a little more than twice as long as wide ; petiole of
second posterior cell nearly equal to the width of the discal cell. Length, male 10
mm., female 14 mm., wing 11 nmi.
Habitat : Pullman, Wash., five males, ten females. (Type) Key-
port, Wash., one female. Doane. Type no. 148. Wash. Agric.
Coll. & S. of S.
Sept.,i9oi.] DoANE : Descriptions of New Tipulid.e. 99
Tipula sulphurea, sp, nov.
Brownish ; head yellowish, brownish to cinereous above, with a faint fuscous
streak ; rostrum yellowish, rather short ; nasus short, with yellowish hairs ; palpi brown-
ish to black, yellowish toward the base ; first three joints of antennae yellowish, second
somewhat darker, others brownish black ; antennse of male reaching beyond the base
of the wings ; antennre of female lighter and shorter, not reaching to the base of the
wings ; mesonotum brownish with three indistinct darker brown lines, the median
one divided by a faint narrow cinereous line ; collare brown, lateral margins grayish ;
scutellum and metanotum light yellow; the posterior half of the pleura sulphur yel-
low ; mesopleura and stenopleura and the base of the first and second coxce slate
colored ; dorsopleural membrane light brownish ; halteres brownish, extreme base
yellowish ; legs brown, the tarsi and the tips of the femora and tibia darker ; base
of the femora somewhat yellowish ; abdomen brownish yellow, the posterior margin
of each segment lighter; a rather broad, broken brown stripe on each side of the
terga and a similar one the sterna; basal half of eighth segment brown, distal half
yellow ; hypopygium yellow ; upper lamella terminating in two short, blunt, black
points ; lower lamella with a deep incision from the base of which arises a pair of
long membranous upward and inward projecting appendages ; the brown stripe on the
abdomen of the female broader and more complete ; eighth and ninth terga short ;
ovipositor reddish-brown, acute, lower valves reaching beyond the base of the upper
valves ; wings immaculate with a slight grayish tinge ; stigma and veins brown ; the
subcostal cell and the anterior margin of the anal cell with a slight yellowish or
brownish tinge ; discal cell more than three times as long as wide ; petiole of the
second posterior cell about equal to the length of this cell ; fifth posterior cell not
in contact with the discal cell. Length, male 13 mm., female 15 mm., wing li
mm.
Habitat: Battle Creek, Mich., sixteen males six females. Aid-
rich. Type no. 149. Wash. Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
Tipula fumosa, sp. nov.
Grayish brown ; head silvery gray pollinose, dark brown above ; rostrum short,
thick ; nasus inconspicuous, with short yellow hairs ; palpi and antennas dark brown,
the latter reaching but little beyond the base of the wings in the male ; basal seg-
ment grayish, last segment very minute ; mesonotum light brown with three very
broad darker brown stripes which are darker bordered, the median one divided by a
narrow, indistinct darker line ; collare grayish-brown with three darker spots ;
scutellum light grayish-brown with a median darker line ; metanotum, pleura and
coxae silvery gray pollinose ; dorsopleural membrane light brownish ; halteres brown-
ish yellow, knobs brown ; tarsi and tips of femora and tibia dark brown, femora
yellowish, tibia brownish ; abdomen dull brown, posterior and lateral margins of
each segment grayish ; eighth tergite visible only at the sides ; hypopygium small,
concolorous with rest of abdomen ; upper lamella terminating in two short, black,
blunt, tooth-like projections ; lower lamella with a deep V-shaped incision ; ovipositor
short, base blackish ; valves reddish-brown ; upper valves slender, acute ; lower
valves shorter and much broader ; wings immaculate, with a dark tinge which is a
little darker anteriorly ; an indistinct whitish space in front of the brown stigma ;
100 Journal New York Entomological Society. [voi. ix.
discal cell more than twice as long as wide ; petiole of second posterior cell short.
Length, male lo mm., female 12 mm., wing 12 mm.
Habitat : Columbus, Ohio, seven males, one female. Hines.
Type no. 150. Wash. Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
Tipula rostellata, sp. nov.
Black ; head blackish, darker above, grayish beneath the antennre and eyes ;
rostrum black, rather short and stout ; nasus with black or brownish hair ; palpi
black ; antennae brownish black, the tips of the basal joints of the flagellum some-
what enlarged and produced below, not furni.shed with verticillate hairs ; last joint
much more slender than the preceding joint ; mesonotum dark slate-color, with three
longitudinal grayish stripes, the median one narrow and indistinct, the lateral ones
broader ; collare dark grayish-brown with two darker spots ; scutellum, metanotum,
pleura and coxlx: blackish-gray ; dorso-pleural membrane reddish-brown ; halteres
brown, knobs darker ; legs very dark brown, femora reddish-brown toward the base ;
abdomen dull blacki.sh-brown ; dorsum with a distinct, broad, reddish-brown stripe ;
posterior margin of each segment grayish ; hypopygium small ; upper lamella black,
posterior margin with a rather broad yellowish lobe on each side leaving a deep in-
cision between ; lower lamella black with a deep narrow incision the edges of which
are bordered with yellow, with two pairs of broad, yellowish appendages, the upjier
pair broadly ovate, the lower inner pair drawn out to an acute inward projecting point ;
base of ovipositor black, valves reddish-yellow ; lower valves very short, reaching
but little beyond the base of the upper valves, latter not arcuated ; wings rather
broad, immaculate ; subcostal cell, the anterior margin of the anal cell and the stigma
faint brownish yellow ; discal cell about three times as long as wide ; petiole of
second posterior cell short ; veins brown. Length, male 13 mm., female 15 mm.,
wing 14 mm.
Habitat : Colorado, two males, two females. Morrison. Type no.
151. AVash. Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
Tipula cervicula, sp, nov.
r.Iack ; head velvety black ; rostrum black, rather short ; nasus indistinct ; palpi
black or blackish-brown; antennce velvety black, joints cylindrical, base verticillate
with short black hairs, last joint very short ; mesonotum velvety black with four rather
broad indistinct grayish lines ; scutellum, metanotum, pleura and coxa black ; dorso-
pleural membrane yellow ; halteres brownish, lighter toward the base ; legs black,
base of femora brownish-yellow ; abdomen black, posterior and lateral margins of
each segment grayish ; hypopygium small but rather long ; upper lamella black with
a deep incision ; lower lamella reddish-brown with a very deep, broad inci-
sion ; base of ovipositor black, valves reddish-yellow, upper valves straight, tips
somewhat obtuse ; lower valves shorter, broad, flat ; wings immaculate, with a
grayish tinge ; subcostal cell and the anterior margin of the anal cell with a faint yel-
lowish brown tinge ; stigma brown ; discal cell hardly twice as long as broad ; petiole
of the second posterior cell not longer than the discal cell ; veins brown except at the
base of the discal and second submarginal cell where they are white ; the grayish
Sept.,i9oi.] DOANE : DESCRIPTIONS OF NeW TiPULID.B. 101
tinge is less intense in the region of the stigma and in the base of the discal cell some-
times making these parts appear whitish or hyaline. Length, male ii mm., female 15
mm., wing 12 mm.
Habitat : jNIount Rainier, one male, two females, Piper. Type,
152. Wash. Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
Tipula bituberculata, sp. nov.
Brown ; head cinereous with a median brown line above, two small tumid proc-
esses just above the base of the antenni^, much larger in the female ; rostrum short,
stout, yellow, cinereous above ; palpi brown ; antenn;e reaching to base of wings,
wholly brown, segments of flagellum cylindrical, the first not longer than the succeed-
ing four or five ; mesonotum cinereous, with five brown stripes, the lateral ones some-
what indistinct, the median one fusiform ; scutellum light yellowish with a median
brown line ; metanotum dark gray ; dorsopleural membrane yello-vish ; collare grayish ;
pleura cinereous with an indistinct yellowish broken line running from the base of the
anterior coxae to the base of the halteres ; pterostigma yellow spotted ; halteres yellow,
knobs brownish ; legs yellowish brown ; tarsi and tips of femora and tibia darker ;
abdomen yellowish abov$ with three dark brown stripes ; slate cblored beneath ; pos-
terior margin of each segment yellow ; hypopygium small ; upper lamella with a U-
shaped incision ; lower lamella with a narrow deep incision, the ventral aspect lighter
than the lateral aspect ; ovipositor reddish-brown ; upper valves arcuated, acute ;
wings with a grayish tinge somewhat darker along the veins and in the middle of the
cells, a little lighter in the region of the stigma which is brown ; priufurca short ; dis-
cal cell more than twice as long as wide. Length, male 10 mm., female I4 mm.,
wing II mm.
Habitat : Calif, two males, one female. Type No. 153. Wash.
Agric. Coll. e^- S. of S.
Tipula helvocincta, sp. nov.
Black ; head light gray with a median dark brown stripe above ; rostrum dark
gray ; palpi brown ; antennae of male reaching nearly to base of abdomen, first two
segments and the base of the third reddish yellow, others black, cylindrical ; meso-
notum gray with four brown stripes ; scutellum, metanotum, pleura and coxk gray ;
dorsopleural membrane light yellowish ; collare dark grayish ; halteres yellowish,
basal half of knobs brown, distal half yellow ; legs brown, base of femora reddi.sh-
brown, tarsi and tips of femora and tibia black ; abdomen black, posterior margin of
each segment yellow ; hypopygium small, black, posterior margin of the upper
lamella depressed with two median longitudinal shining black ridges ; lower lamella
with a deep broad incision the margins of which are narrowly bordered with yellow ;
svings grayish-brown ; stigma brown ; the rhomboidal, discal and fourth posterior
cells almost wholly white ; the basal half of the marginal cells, a spot in the first
posterior cell, a spot before the stigma, a spot beyond the middle of the second basal
cell, two spots near the middle of the anal cell and a spot in the anterior margin of
the axillary cell whitish ; discal cell four times as long as wide. Length, male 14
nmi., wing 14 mm.
102 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
Habitat : Mount Rainier, Wash., two males. Piper. Type no.
154. Wash. Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
The antenna; of l)0th the specimens before me are deformed, mak-
ing them appear only eleven or twelve jointed.
Tipula stalactoides, sp. nov.
Brown ; head brownish-gra)' with a median rather broader, short, brown line
above ; rostrum short, brownish-yellow, darker above ; antennne reaching to base of
halteres, brown, first two segments and the base of the third yellow ; joints of flagel-
lura cylindrical, very slightly iucrassite at the base; mesonotum brownish-gray with
six brown stripes, the lateral pairs narrow and converging anteriorly, the median pair
broad, parallel, the grayish stripe dividing them suddenly broadened in the middle ;
collare grayish with three brownish spots ; dorsopleural membrane yellowish ; scutel-
lum, metanotum, mesopleura and sternopleura dark gray, rest of pleura yellowish-
gray ; halteres brown, base yellow, knobs darker ; legs brownish yellow, tarsi and
tips of femora and tibia brown ; abdomen yellowish-brown, with three broad black
stripes ; eighth segment black ; eighth sternite with two deep longitudinal folds or
depressions which are abundantly supplied with thick yellowish hair ; hypopygium
black ; posterior margin of upper lamella with two very small reddish" brown points ;
lower lamella with a median whitish streak extending its entire length, posterior lateral
angles whitish, each with a long, slender, whitish membranous appendage which
hangs over the lower lamella ; wings hyaline ; costal, subcostal and anterior margin
of the anal cells tinged with yellow ; stigma brown ; one or two indistinct whitish
spots in the region of the stigma and a fainter spot in the discal cell ; discal cell more
than four times as long as wide. Length, male 12 mm., wing 12 mm.
Habitat: Unalaska, three males. Kincaid. Type no. 155. Wash.
Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
Tipula tristis, sp. nov.
Brown ; head grayish-brown with a brown stripe above ; rostrum grayish-brown ;
antennae reaching a little beyond the base of the wings, wholly brown ; joints four to
eight rather short, thick, constricted in the middle, incrassate at the tip ; those be-
yond the eighth somewhat longer, also constricted in the middle ; mesonotum light
brownish with six brown stripes, the median pair broad, parallel, the lateral pairs
narrow, converging ; collare grayish-brown with five brown spots ; dorsopleural mem-
brane yellow ; scutellum and metanotum dark brown ; pleura blackish with yellow-
ish pollen ; coxre blackish ; halteres yellowish, knobs brown ; legs yellowish-brown,
tarsi and the tips of the femora and tibia darker ; abdomen yellowish-brown, pos-
terior and lateral margins of each segment yellowish to grayish ; posterior margin of
the eighth sternite with a few short yellow hairs and a median short two-lobed ap-
pendage which is narrower at its base ; hypopygium small, elongate ; upper lamella
with a deep, broad, V-shaped incision ; lower lamella with a narrow very deep in-
cision which almost divides it into two parts ; wings grayish or brownish ; variegated
with whitish hyaline spaces ; a band running from in front of the stigma across the
discal, fourth, and fifth ])osterior cells to the margin of the wing, a space beyond the
Sept., I90I.] DOANE : DESCRIPTIONS OF NeW TlPULID/E. 103
Stigma, the base of both the submarginal cells, nearly all the first posterior cell, and
irregular spaces in the basal, anal, axillary and spurious cells whitish hyaline ; the
stigma and a spot over the origin of the prrefurca darker brown ; second and third
posterior cells not white spotted ; discal cell more than twice as long as wide.
Length, male II mm., wing 14 mm.
Habitat : Palo Alto, Calif., three males. Doane. Type no. 156.
Wash. Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
Tipula simplex, sp. nov.
Brown ; head grayish-brown with a median darker line above ; rostrum grayish-
brown ; palpi brown ; antennae of male reaching nearly to the base of the abdomen,
brown ; joints of flagellum darker brown at the base ; mesonotum yellowish-brown with
four grayish-brown stripes each with a darker brown margin ; collare brown with a
median darker spot ; scutellum and metanotum grayish-brown each with a median
brown stripe ; dorsopleural membrane brownish-yellow ; pleura and coxre brownish-
gray ; halteres yellowish, knobs brown ; legs lighter brown, tarsi and tips of femora
and tibia slightly darker ; abdomen brown with three darker brown stripes, the lateral
ones incomplete ; hypopygium yellowish-brown ; upper lamella with a broad crescent-
shaped incision ; lower lamella with a very broad, deep, V-shaped incision ; wings
narrow with a grayish tinge ; stigma, a spot on the origin of the pmsfurca, a spot just
back of the first vein opposite the end of the seventh vein, and small spots at the tips
of all the veins, brown ; basal half of the fifth vein with a rather broad brown border
on the anterior side, all the other veins with a whitish or grayish border ; a spot
beyond the stigma, another in the base of the discal cell and the base of the fourth
posterior cell, and one or two spots in the posterior margin of the wing, whitish ;
discal cell more than four times as long as wide. Length, male 10 mm., wing
12 mm.
Habitat : Palo Alto, Calif., two males. Doane. Type no. 157.
Wash. Agric. Coll. and S. of S.
The markings on the wings are somewhat similar to those of T.
p7ibera Lw., but the small size, the general color of the body, the
structure of the hypopygium, etc., will prevent confusion.
Tipula carinata, sp. nov.
Brown ; head brown with a faint narrow darker median stripe above ; rostrum
brownish, yellowish on the sides ; palpi brownish, darker toward the tip ; antennae
dark brown, nearly reaching to the base of the abdomen ; first three joints brownish
yellow, joints four to eleven somewhat constricted in the middle ; mesonotum brown
with the sides cinereous and with a very faint trace of two cinereous lines ; collare
brown ; dorsopleural membrane reddish brown ; scutellum ; metanotum, pleura and
coxa; cinereous ; halteres yellowish-brown lighter toward the base ; legs brownish, tarsi
and tips of femora and tibia darker, base of femora yellowish ; abdomen yellowish-
brown, darker posteriorly, with a broad, brown, dorsal stripe ; posterior margin of
each segment gray, hypopygium small ; basal half of upper lamella brown, distal
half yellow with a broad crescent-shaped incision ; base of lower lamella brown with
104 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
a prominent median light yellow carina, posterior margin yellowish with a crescent-
shaped incision, appendages yellow ; the brown on the abdomen of the female is
less intense ; ovipositor reddish-yellow, base black, upper valves straight, compressed,
lower valves rather broad ; wings immaculate with a brownish tinge ; subcostal
cell and stigma slightly darker brown ; discal cell about twice as long as wide ;
petiole of second posterior cell short. Length, male II to 15 mm., female I3 to 16
mm., wing 15 to 20 mm.
Habitat : Pullman, Wash., forty-five males, twelve females. Doane.
Type no. 15S. Wash. Agric. Coll. &: S. of S.
Tipula impudica, sp. nov.
Brownisli-yellow ; head grayish-brown with a distinct narrow blackish line above;
rostrum reddish-brown to yellowish ; palpi brownish, darker toward the tips ; antennae
very dark brown, the basal portion of the third and all of the first and second seg-
ments yellowish ; joints of the flagellum cylindrical, slightly incrassate at the base,
last joint very small ; mesonotum brownish-gray with four rather distinct brown lines ;
scutellum brownish-yellow with a distinct brown line ; metanotum grayish-brown ;
collare brownish-yellow with three darker spots ; dorsopleural membrane yellowish ;
halteres yellowish, knobs brown ; legs yellowish -brown, tarsi and tips of femora and
tibia darker, basal portion of femora yellowish ; abdomen brownish-yellow with three
black stripes, the lateral ones sometimes more or less broken ; posterior margin of
each segment gray ; eighth tergite scarcely or not at all visible ; posterior margin of
eighth sternite with long yellow hair ; hypopygium concolorous with rest of abdomen ;
upper lamella short, leaving the inner accessory organs unusually exposed, divided by
a deep median incision, each half with a small crescent-shaped incision near the inner
angle ; margin of lower lamella whitish with a broad, deep incision, appendages red-
dish-brown ; ovipositor reddish-brown, upper valves straight, acute ; wings with a
grayish tinge, with white or hyaline spaces bordering some of the veins in the middle
portion of the wings ; a whitish hyaline space beginning in front of the stigma and
extending through the discal cell into the base of the fourth and fifth posterior cells ;
the base of the rhomboidal cell, the base of the submarginal cells, and one or two in-
distinct irregular spaces in the anal and axillary cells likewise whitish hyaline ; dis-
cal cell more than twice as long as wide. Length, male 15 mm., female 25 mm.,
wing 17 mm.
Habitat: Wawawi, AVash., two males (type), Doane. Almota,
Wash., two males. Pullman, Wash., one male, one female (type
159). Wash. Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
Tipula austral is, sp. nov.
Urown ; head grayish with a narrow brown stripe above ; rostrum brownish-gray ;
palpi brown, darker toward the tip ; antennit very dark brown, first and second joints
and the extreme base of the third brownish-yellow ; joints of the flagellum slightly
constricted in the middle ; mesonotum gray with five rather broad brown lines, the
two on each side confluent anteriorly ; the median one divided by a narrow gray line ;
collare light brownish with three darker spots; dorsopleural membrane yellowish;
Sept.,i9oi.] Doane: Descriptions of New Tipulid/E. 105
inetanotum pleura and coxae brownish-gray ; halteres lirown, ligliter toward the base,
knobs darker ; legs yellowish-brown, tarsi and tips of femora and tibia darker ; ab-
domen brownish-yellow, darker toward the base, with three dark brown stripes ;
eighth sternite large, posterior margin bearing two pairs of yellowish appendages the
inner margins of which are provided with rather long yellowish hairs, the inner pair
is short broadly spatulate, the outer pair is somewhat triangular the upper angle being
drawn out into a more strongly chitinized blackish point ; hypopygium large, concol-
orous with the rest of the abdomen ; upper lamella with a deep median incision ;
lower lamella with a deep median incision in which hangs a pair of rather long, some-
what curved, tumid, pendulous appendages ; ovipositor reddish-brown, upper valves
straight, acute ; wings with a slight brownish tinge ; subcostal cell and stigma darker
brown ; a whitish broken band beginning on the costa in front of the stigma and ex-
tending through the discal cell into the base of the fourth posterior cell ; discal cell
a little more than twice as long as wide. Length, male 14 mm., female 17 mm.,
wing 14 mm.
Habitat: Georgia, one male, one female. (Type) Morrison.
Texas, one male. Type no, 160. Wash. Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
Tipula barbata, sp. nov.
Brownish; head grayish-brown with a median dark brown stripe above ; rostrum
short, reddish-yellow ; palpi brown ; antenmu not reaching the base of the wings, first
two joints yellow, third yellowish-brown, others uniformly brown ; antennse of female
lighter, first to fourth joints yellowish ; mesonotum light brown with three darker
brown stripes, the median one divided ; collare, scutellum and metanotum light brown-
ish, each with a median brown stripe, the latter darker laterally ; mesopleura and
sternopleura slate colored and rest of pleura yellowish ; dorsopleural membrane yel-
lowish ; halteres brown, base yellowish, knobs darker brown ; abdomen brownish-
yellow, darker posteriorly, with three brown stripes the dorsal one entire, the lateral
ones interrupted or subobsolete ; posterior margin of each segment grayi.sh or yellow-
ish ; posterior margin of eighth sternite with a broad shallow incision which is furnished
with a fringe of thick, long, light yellow hair ; hypopygium concolorous with the ab-
domen ; upper lamella with a narrow median incision ; posterior margin of lower
lamella whitish with a broad deep median incision on each side of which are two
small, yellowish appendages which are fringed with rather long yellowish hair ; ovi-
positor reddish-yellow, upper valves acute, slightly curved at the tip ; wings hyaline,
with a faint brownish tinge ; stigma brown ; the indistinct whitish band beginning in
front of the stigma running through the discal cell into the base of the fourth posterior
cell ; a whitish spot beyond the stigma ; discal cell four times as long as wide.
Length, male 13 mm., female 16 mm., wing 14 mm.
Habitat: Colorado, one male, two females. Morrison. Type no.
161. Wash. Agric. Coll, & S. of S.
Tipula lamellata, sp. nov.
Yellow ; head cinereous, yellowish below ; rostrum yellow ; palpi brown, yel-
lowish toward the base ; antennas brown, first three joints yellow, joints of fiagellum
106 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
cylindrical; mesonotum reddish-yellow with three very faint brownish stripes;
collare yellowish, darker medianly ; scutelluni and metanotum brownish-yellow ;
pleura and coxte bright yellow ; halteres yellow, knobs brown ; legs yellow or
brownish-yellow, tips of fein )ra, tarsi and tibia brown; abdomen reddish-yellow,
with three broken brown stripes which are more indistinct anteriorly, the dorsal one
somewhat broader posteriorly ; the lateral lines are sometimes so broken that they
appear as a series of brown dots on the anterior margin of each segment ; posterior
margin of each segment gray ; eighth sternite large, ventral margin somewhat pro-
duced posteriorly, and furnished with a fringe of rather long reddish-yellow hair ;
upper lamella consisting of two lateral elongated processes the bases of which are
broadest and connected by a more membranous portion, the distal halves are narrower
with the lateral margins and the extreme tips bent in at right angles to the upper
surface; lower lamella long, lateral margins with an irregularly triangular appendage,
the posterior margin with two small brown tumid processes each bearing a tuft of
yellowish hair ; base of ovipositor brownish, shining, valves yellowish, upper pair
rounded at the tip, lower pair short, reaching but little beyond the base of the upper
pair; wings hyaline ; costal and subcostal cells slightly tinged with yellow ; stigma
brown ; a scarcely perceptible whitish band running from in front of the stigma
across the discal cell into the base of the fourth posterior cell ; discal cell a little
more than twice as long as wide. Length, male 12 mm, female 13 mm., wing
13 mm.
Habitat : Ptillman, Wash., five males, one female. Doane. Type
no. 162. Wash. Agric. Coll. &: S. of S.
Tipula subtilis, sp. nov.
Brown ; head grayish-brown ; rostrum yellowish-brown, grayish above ; palpi
brownish ; antennee yellowish, long, reaching beyond the base of the abdomen ; base
of each joint of the flagellum except the first slightly incrassate and brownish at the
base ; mesonotum grayish-brown with three broad darker brown stripes, the median
one divided by a gray line ; collare light brownish, with three darker spots ; scutel-
lum, metanotum, pleura and coxje silvery gray ; halteres yellowish, base of knob
brown, tip whitish ; legs light yellowish-brown, tips of femora and tibia scarcely
darker ; abdomen brown with light yellow hair ; posterior and lateral margins of each
segment gray ; median portion of posterior margin of the eighth sternite slightly de-
pressed, brownish with two short acute processes ; on each side of this depression is
a small irregularly ovate, light colored process which bears a tuft of yellow hair ;
posterior margin of upper lamella of hypopygium with a narrow median and two
broader crescent-shaped incisions ; lower lamella with a broad, deep, U-shaped incision
in which hangs two tumid pendulous processes ; wings almost hyaline with a slight
grayish tinge ; subcostal cell and stigma light brownish ; a scarcely perceptible broken
whitish band running from in front of the stigma through the discal cell but not enter-
ing the fourth posterior cell ; discal cell about twice as long as wide. Length, male
15 mm., wing 16 mm.
Habitat: Calif., one male. Type no. 163. Wash. Agric. Coll.
& S. of S.
Sept., igoi.i Doane: DESCRIPTIONS OF New Tipulid.e. 107
Tipula splendens, sp. nov.
Yellow ; head yellow, grayish-brown above ; rostrum and palpi yellow, latter
brownish toward the tip ; antenn;v reaching the base of abdomen, dark brown, first
three segments yellow ; joints of the flagellum cylindrical, those beyond the first very
slightly incrassate at the base ; mesonotum yellow with scarcely perceptible brownish
shades in place of the usual three stripes ; collare, scutellum, metanotum, pleura and
coxae somewhat lighter yellow, halteres yellow, knobs brown ; abdomen brownish-
yellow, much lighter toward the base, posterior margin of each segment gray ; eighth
sternite long, narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin with a border of yellow hair ;
upper lamella of hypopygium with median V-shaped and lateral crescent-shaped in-
cisions, posterior lateral corners produced inwardly into short, narrow two-pointed
processes ; posterior ventral margin of lower lamella with two small processes each
bearing a tuft of hair, lateral margins with two pairs of appendages the outer lower
pair being triangular with the apex drawn out into a slender point, the basal portion
of the upper inner pair is somewhat quadrate, shining, the distal portion flattened and
with a black edge ; wings hyaline ; subcostal cell and stigma faintly yellowish ; a
scarcely perceptible whitish broken band running from in front of the stigma through
the discal cell into the base of the fourth posterior cell ; discal cell more than twice as
long as wide. Length, male 12 mm., wing 13 mm.
Habitat: Olympia, Wash. , one male. Kincaid. Type no. 164.
Wash. Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
Tipuia calcarata, sp. nov.
Brown ; head vellowish-brown with a narrower indistinct stripe above ; rostrum
reddish-brown ; palpi dark brown, basal segment reddish-brown ; antennae not reach-
ing beyond the base of the wings, brown, first two segments yellow ; mesonotum
brown with four d.?.rker brown stripes, the two median ones slightly diverging ante-
riorly ; collare light brownish with three darker spots ; dorsop'eural membrane yel-
lowish; pleura and coxre brownish-gray; halteres brown, yellowish at the base,
knobs brown, tips lighter ; legs brownish-yellow, tarsi and tips of the femora and
tibia brown ; abdomen yellowish-brown with three indistinct yellowish-brown stripes ;
posterior margin of each segment gray ; eighth sternite with a deep U-shaped incision
from the base of which arises a broad, blunt process with yellow hairs at the base ; lat-
eral margins of the segment ending in a pair of long, slender, reddish, spur-like proc-
esses which lie across the base of the incision ; upper lamella of hypopygium ter-
minating in two short, median, blunt processes between which is a narrow incision,
and two lateral incurving longer, sharper processes ; lower lamella with a very deep,
U-shaped incision ; wings hyaline with a brownish tinge ; subcostal cell brownish,
stigma darker brown ; the distinct whitish band beginning in front of the stigma and
running through the discal cell into the base of the fourth posterior cell is interrupted
along the prsefurca. Length, male 15 mm., wing 17 mm.
ZTfl'/^/V^z/.- Mount Rainier, Wash., one male. Piper. Type no. 165.
Wash. Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
Tipula clara, sj). nov.
Brown; head yellowish-brown, darker above, with a median brown stripe;
108 Journal New York Entomological Society, [VoI. ix.
mesonotum liglit brown with four ratlier»broad darker brown stripes and a very nar-
row median brown line which ends in a small brown dot on the anterior margin ;
scutellmn and metanotum cinereous with a median brown line ; pleura cinereous ; dorso-
pleural membrane light yellow; halteres yellow', knobs brown ; legs brown, tips. of
femora, tibia, and tarsi darker ; abdomen yellowish-brown with three darker brown
stripes ; posterior margin of each segment grayish or yellowish ; eighth sternite with
a median rather broad projecting process the sides and rounded ends of which are
furnished with long light yellow hair ; hypopygium similar to that of T. iinpudica,
but the upper lamella is not so deeply incised and the crescent-shape incisions are
wanting ; lower lamella somewhat larger ; base of ovipositor black, upper valves
reddish-brown, acute; wings hyaline ; costal, subcostal and the anterior margin of
the anal cells and the stigma brown ; the whitish line running from in front of the
stigma across the discal cell into the base of the fourth posterior cell scarcely dis-
tinguishable ; discal cell three times as long as wide ; petiole of second posterior cell
short. Length, male l6 mm., female 22 mm., wing 15 mm.
Habitat : Wawawi, Wash., two males, one female. (Type) Pull-
man, Wash., one female. Doane. Type no. 166. Wash. Agric. Coll.
& S. of S.
Tipula aequalis, sp. no\ .
Brown ; head light brownish-yellow ; rostrum and palpi yellowish, latter darker
toward the tip ; antennte reaching to base of wings, first three segments yellow, others
brown, darker at the base ; mesonotum yellowish-brown with four brown stripes ;
collare yellowish, darker laterally ; scutellum yellowish with a median brown line ;
metanotum yellowish-gray with a median darker yellow line ; pleura and coxk light
grayish -yellow ; mesopleura and sternopleura darker ; halteres yellow, knobs brown,
tips lighter ; abdomen yellowish-brown, darker posteriorly, with three indistinct, in-
terrupted brown lines which are broader and more distinct posteriorly ; posterior and
lateral margins of each segment gray ; posterior margin of eighth sternite with a broad
rather deep incision from the middle of which arise two tufts of thick, long hair red-
dish or yellowish toward the base, whitish toward the tip, lateral angles with two
small triangular projections with a few short yellow hairs ; hypopygium darker ;
upper lamella black, posterior margin reddish with a broad, shallow incision ; lower
lamella dark reddish-brown with a deep median incision, the edges of which are
wdiitish ; outer appendages irregularly triangular; ovipositor reddish, upper valves
straight, acute ; wings with a slight brownish tinge ; costal and subcostal cells slightly
darker; stigma brown; the whitish band beginning on the costa in front of the
stigma running through the discal cell into the base of the fourth posterior cell ; dis-
cal cell a little more than twice as long as wide. Length, male 15 to 18 mm., fe-
male 21 mm., wing 16 to 18 mm.
Habitat : Pullman, Wash., one male, two females. (Type) Doane.
Olympia, Wash., six males, two females. Seattle, Wash., one male.
Kincaid. Tokeland, Wash., one male. Keyport, Wash., seven
males. Doane. San Francisco, Cal., two males. San Diego, Cal.,
one male. Type no. 167. A\'ash. Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
Sept., 1901.] DoANE : Descriptions of New Tipulid^. 105)
Tipula retusa, sp. nov.
Yellow ; head dark brown with a somewhat darker Hne above ; rostrum yellow
with an indistinct brown stripe on each side ; palpi brown, darker toward the tip, yellow
at base ; antennce of male reaching beyond the base of the wings, dark brown, first
three joints yellow ; joints of the flagellum beyond the first constricted in the middle and
darker at the tip ; mesonotum brownish-yellow with three somewhat darker yellow
stripes, the median one divided by a very narrow, dark line ; collare yellow ; scutel-
lum, metanotum, pleura and coxk yellowish with a gray pollen ; halteres yellow,
knobs brown ; legs yellow, tarsi and tips of femora and tibia brown ; abdomen yel-
low, darker posteriorly, sixth, seventh and eighth segments mostly black ; posterior
margin of each segment gray ; posterior margin of eighth sternite with a border
of very thick long yellow hair which is usually folded back under this segment ; hypo-
pygium brown ; upper lamella ending in two broad, blunt, black-tipped processes be-
tween which is a wide rather deep incision ; lower lamella with a deep incision in
which hangs a pair of yellow appendages the points of which are curved towards each
other and furnished with yellow^ hair ; ovipositor reddish-brown, upper valves of
nearly equal width throughout, extreme tips slightly broader with four short points, a
rather deep rounded incision between the lower point and the one above it ; wings
hyaline ; costal and subcostal cells, the stigma and a small faint spot on the origin of
the praefurca brown ; a broad whitish band beginning in front of the stigma back of
the first longitudinal vein and extending through the discal cell into the base of the
fourth and the side of the fifth posterior cells ; discal cell twice as long as wide.
Length, male 15 mm., female 20 mm., wing 16 to 19 mm.
Habitat : Wawawi, Wash., six males, two females. (Type) Pull-
man, Wash., one male, one female. Doane. Ol3mipia, Wash., one
male. Seattle, Wash., two males, one female. Kincaid. Type no.
168. Wash. Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
Tipula translucida, %\). nov.
Yellow ; head yellow with a narrow dark line above ; rostrum yellow ; palpi
lighter yellow ; antennas reaching but little beyond the base of the wings, yellow, base
of each segment beyond the third slightly incrassate and darker at the base ; whole
thorax somewhat reddish-yellow ; pleura somewhat lighter ; halteres yellow, knobs
brown ; legs yellow, tarsi and extreme tips of femora and tibia darker ; abdomen yel-
low, somewhat darker posteriorly ; posterior margin of each segment gray ; posterior
margin of eighth sternite with a fringe of long yellow hairs, lateral angles with a sin-
gle long curved reddish bristle ; hypopygium brownish-red ; upper lamella terminating
in two sharp black points between which is a rather deep, V-shaped incision ; lower
lamella with a rounded incision in wdiich lies a pair of brownish, elongated, tumid,
pendulous appendages the tips of which are furnished with rather long, yellow hair ;
wings hyaline ; costal, subcostal, anterior margin of anal cells and stigma yellowish ;
the whitish stripe running from in front of the stigma across the discal cell not enter-
ing the fourth posterior cell ; discal cell three times as long as wide. Length, male
15 mm., wing 17 mm.
Zr(z/^//(Z/ .• Penn., four males. Dietz. Type no. 169. Wash. Agric.
Coll. & S. of S.
110 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
Tipula cinctocornis, sp. nov.
Yellow ; head yellow, more brownish-yellow above ; rostrum, palpi and antennce
yellow ; joints of the flagellum beyond the first dark at the base ; antenna; not reach-
ing beyond the base of the wings ; mesonotum light yellow, with three faint brownish
stripes ; scutellum and metanotum brownish-yellow ; pleura and coxae lighter yellow ;
halteres yellow, knobs brown, tips lighter ; legs brownish-yellow, tarsi darker ; abdo-
men yellow, darker posteriorly ; posterior margin of eighth sternite with a fringe of
yellow hair, the lateral angles with a tuft of two or three long, curved reddish bristles ;
hypopygium darker, similar to T. Iranslucida but the outer upper appendages longer
and the lower pendulous appendages much shorter and without the blackish tip ;
wings hyaline ; costal, subcostal and the anterior margin of the anal cells with a
yellowish tinge ; stigma brown ; the whitisti band running from in front of the stigma
not reaching the posterior border of the discal cell ; discal cell three times as long as
wide. Length, male i6 mm., wing 19 mm.
Habitat: Penn., one male, two females. Dietz. Type no. 170.
Wash. Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
Tipula albocincta, sp. nov.
Brownish-yellow ; head brownish-yellow with a distinct median stripe above ;
rostrum and palpi yellow, the latter brownish toward the tips ; antennas hardly reach-
ing base of wings, the first and second joints yellow, third brownish-yellow, others
brown, darker at the base; mesonotum brownish-gray with four brown stripes,
the median ones broadened anteriorly ; collare and scutellum brown, with a
median darker brown stripe ; metanotum brownish-gray with a narrow median
browni line ; pleura blackish ; pteropleura more yellowish with a silvery grayish
bloom ; halteres brown, yellowish at the base, knobs darker brown ; legs yellowish-
brown, tarsi and the tips of the femora and tibia darker brown ; abdomen brownish,
yellow with three broken brown stripes ; posterior margin of segments four to eight
white ; posterior margin of eighth sternite with a broad tuft of very long yellow hair ;
hypopygium concolorous with the abdomen ; upper lamella with a deep median
depression from the end of which projects a rather broad sharp-pointed process which
is furnished above with a thin broad keel ; on each side of the depression is a small
crescent-shaped incision ; lower lamella with a deep incision the borders of which are
whitish ; hanging down into this incision are two reddish-brown pendulous ap-
pendages the bases of which are furnished with rather long, reddish-yellow hair ;
wings hyaline ; costal, subcostal and the anterior margin of the anal cells with a
yellowish tinge ; stigma brown ; the whitish band beginning in front of the stigma
extends through the discal cell into the base of the fourth and the side of the fifth
posterior cells ; a whitish spot beyond the stigma and two indistinct whitish streaks
just behind the sixth longitudinal vein the first close to the base, the second nearly
opposite the origin of the prrefurca ; discal cell three times as long as wide. Length,
male 19 mm., wing 19 mm.
Habitat: Colo., one male. Morrison. Type no. 171. Wash.
Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
Sept., igoi.] DOANE : DESCRIPTIONS OF New TiPULID/E. Ill
Tipula cuspidata, sp. nov.
Yellow ; head brownish-yellow with a median indistinct darker stripe above ;
rostrum reddish-yellow ; palpi lighter yellow ; antennoe of male reaching nearly to
base of abdomen, yellow, base of each segment beyond third dark ; mesonotum
brownish-yellow with three faintly indicated darker stripes ; collare, scutellum
and metanotum brownish-yellow ; pleura and coxa; lighter yellow ; halteres yellow,
knobs brown, lighter at the tip ; legs yellowish, tarsi and tips of femora and tibia
darker ; abdomen yellow, darker posteriorly, with three faintly indicated interrupted
brown bands ; posterior margin of eighth sternite with a broad shallow incision from
each side of which arises a very long stift reddish-brown bristle ; hypopygium brown ;
upper lamella darker, produced into two long acute processes between which is a deep,
V-shaped incision ; lower lamella lighter with a broad deep incision in which lies two
rather long whitish tumid pendulous appendages, the tips of which are furnished with
rather long yellow hair ; sixth, seventh, and eighth abdominal segments of female darker
brown above ; ovipositor reddish-yellow, upper valves straight, slender, acute ; wings
hyaline ; costal, subcostal, and anterior margin of anal cells tinged with yellow ; stigma
brown ; the whitish band beginning in front of the stigma extending through the dis-
cal cell into the base of the fourth posterior cell ; a small whitish spot beyond the
stigma ; discal cell more than twice as long as wide. Length, male 15 mm., female
17 mm., wing 19 nmi.
Habitat : Penn., three males, one female. (Type) Dietz. Battle
Creek, Mich., one female. Aldrich. Type no. 172. Wash. Agric.
Coll. & S. of S.
Tipula bisetosa, sp. nov.
Yellow ; head yellow, with a median grayish spot and a narrow brown line above ;
rostrum and palpi reddish-yellow ; antennce of male not reaching beyond the base of
the wings, first and second joint yellow, next two or three yellowish-brown, darker at
the base, others brown, darker at the base ; mesonotum light yellowish with five brown
lines, the median one almost entire, the others interrupted ; neck with a brown stripe
above ; scutellum, metanotum, pleura and coxee grayish-yellow ; mesopleura and ster-
nopleura darker; dorsopleural membrane light yellowish; halteres yellow, knobs
brown, lighter at the tip; abdomen yellow, much darker posteriorly with three brown
stripes ; posterior margin of each segment grayish or yellowish ; posterior margin of
eighth sternite with a rather broad median depression fringed with yellow hair, lateral
margins drawn out into short whitish points from each side of which rise two incurved
reddish bristles, the upper one long and stiff, the lower one much smaller ; hypopygium
concolorous with rest of abdomen ; upper lamella with a deep broad crescent-shaped
incision ; lower lamella with a deep, V-shaped incision below which is a whitish oval
tumid process ; eighth segment of abdomen of female brown ; base of ovipositor reddish-
brown, valves reddish-yellow, slightly curved, acute; wings hyaline; costal and sub-
costal cells slightly tinged with yellow ; stigma pale brov^'n ; the whitish band begin-
ning in front of the stigma very indistinct but reaching the base of the fourth posterior
cell; discal cell a little more than twice as long as wide. Length, male iS mm.,
female 20 to 22 mm., wing 20 to 22 mm.
112 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
Habitat: Pullman, Wash., nineteen males, fourteen females.
Doane. Collins, Idaho, two males. Piper. Type no. 173. Wash.
Agric. Coll. cK: S. of S.
Tipula inermis, sp. nov.
Brown ; head light brown with a median brown stripe above ; rostrum yellow-
ish-brown ; palpi yellow at base, darker toward the tip ; antennee of male reaching
to base of wings, yellow, each segment beyond the third dark at the base ; mesonotum
light brown with three brown stripes, the median one divided by a lighter line ; col-
lai-e brown w'ith a median darker line ; scutellum yellowish-brown with a median
darker line ; metanotum light yellow ; pleura and coxae grayish ; halteres yellow,
knobs brown ; legs brown, femora and tibia yellowish toward the base ; abdomen
brown, yellowish toward the base, with three darker brown stripes ; posterior and
lateral margins of each segment gray ; posterior margin of eighth sternite with a
median reddish-ljrown, two-pointed process and lateral triangular brownish appen-
dages which terminate in long, stiff, curved, reddish bristles ; hypopygium small ;
upper lamella dark reddish-brown with a deep crescent-shaped incision ; lower
lamella brownish, lighter toward the margin with a deep U-shaped incision in which
hang two long light jellow tumid appendages with yellow hairs toward the tip ;
ovipositor long, straight, dark reddish-brown; wings hyaline; costal, subcostal and
anterior margin of anal cells tinged with yellow ; stigma light brown ; the whitish
band beginning on the costa in front of the stigma reaching only to the extreme
base of the fourth posterior cell ; discal cell more than twice as long as wide.
Length, male 20 mm., female 27 mm., wing 22 in.
Habitat : Battle Creek, Mich., four males, one female. (Type)
Aldrich. White jNIts., one male. Morrison. X. C, six males.
Georgia, one male. iMorrison. Tyj^e no. 174. Wash. Agric. Coll. &
S. of S.
Tipula megaura, sp. nov.
Yellow ; head yellow with a dark brown line above ; rostrum, palpi and. antennae
yellow, the latter reaching a little beyond the base of the wings, base of each segment
beyond the third darker ; mesonotum yellow with four brownish stripes, the median
one divided ; collare, scutellum and metanotum yellow ; pleura whitish-yellow ;
halteres yellow, knobs brown, tips lighter ; legs brown, femora yellowish toward the
base ; abdomen yellowish, much darker posteriorly, with three brown stripes, the dorsal
one entire and distinct, the lateral ones indistinct, interrupted ; posterior margin of
eighth sternite with a fringe of yellow hairs and two strong curved reddish bristles ;
hypopygium reddish-brown ; upper lamella tumid, with a short rather broad, two
pointed tumid process arising from the dorsal side near the posterior margin ; the pos-
terior lateral angles of the process also drawn out into short, blunt points ; lower
lamella with a median depression in which lie the tips of two short yellow haired ap-
pendages ; eighth abdominal segment of female and ovipositor reddish-brown, upper
valves very short, somewhat quadrate, nearly as broad as long ; low^er valves broad,
leaflike ; wings hyaline ; costal, subcostal and anterior border of anal cells yellowish;
Sept., igoi.] DOANE: DESCRIPTIONS OF New TiPULID.-E. Ho
Stigma brown ; tlie whitisli band beginning in front of the stigma reacliing the pos-
terior border of the discal cell, but not entering the fourth posterior cell ; discal cell
about twice as long as wide. Length, male 15 mm., female iS mm., wing 16 mm.
Habitat: Battle Creek, Mich., two males, one female. Aldrich.
Type no. 175. Wash. Agric, Coll. & S. of S.
Resembles somewhat T. bicornis Lw., but may be easily distin-
guished by the structure of the tumid processes on the upper lamella
of the hypopygium which are black, set much closer together and
curved downward instead of upward.
Tipula streptocera, sp. nov.
Brownish-yellow ; head brown, darker above ; rostrum yellowish ; palpi brown ;
antennae of male reaching to base of halteres, first two segments and the basal half
of the third yellowish-brown ; remaining segments wholly brown ; mesonotum with
three broad dark brown stripes, the median one entire ; scutellum light brown ;
metanotum, pleura and coxte light yellow ; halteres brownish, yellowish at the base,
knobs brown ; legs yellowish, the tarsi and the tips of the femora and tibia brown ;
abdomen yellowish, darker posteriorly, with three brown stripes ; eighth sternite
reddish-brown much produced and narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin truncate ;
upper lamella of hypopygium very small, posterior margin produced into two blunt
processes between which is a small circular incision ; lower lamella very large,
lateral angles terminating in very long, tapering, twisted, horn-like processes ; ovi-
positor similar to T. niegamira, but lower lamella not quite as broad ; wings hyaline ;
costal and subcostal cells faintly tinged with yellow ; stigma and an inconspicuous
spot on the origin of the praefurca brown ; the indistinct whitish band fading out
before it crosses the discal cell ; discal cell more than twice as long as wide.
Length, male 13 mm., female 14 mm., wing 15 mm.
Habitat : Collins, Idaho, two males, one female. (Type) Piper.
Olympia, Wash., one male. Kincaid. Tokeland, Wash., one male.
Doane. Type no. 176. Wash. Agric. Coll. & S. ofS.
The specimen from Olympia has the stripes on the mesonotum
very faintly indicated.
Tipula hirsuta, sp. nov.
Yellow ; head somewhat brownish-yellow ; rostrum and palpi yellow ; antennce
reaching a little beyond the base of the wings, first three segments yellow, the suc-
ceeding four or five yellowish-brown, the remaining segments brown ; those beyond
the third somewhat incrassate and darker at the base ; mesonotum light yellow with
three broad somewhat reddish-yellow stripes ; scutellum, metanotum, pleura and
coxoe light yellow ; halteres yellow, knobs brown, lighter at the tips ; legs brownish,
tarsi and the tips of the femora and tibia darker, femora yellowish toward the base ;
abdomen yellow, darker posteriorly, with three faintly indicated stripes ; eighth
sternite somewhat produced and narrowed posteriorly, with a median depression which
is abundantly furnished with long yellow hair, lateral angles with a pair of short
114 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi xi
rather broad reddish-brown appendages the ends of which are fringed with shorter
yellow hairs ; hypopygium very dark brown ; upper lamella thick, swollen, with a
median shallow furrow which is much narrowed anteriorly, posterior margin produced
into two short, blunt swollen processes which are widely separated by a deep rounded
incision, below these is another pair of flattened, triangular, sharper pointed processes ;
the posterior half of the suture separating the upper from the lower lamella quite
wide, membrane whitish ; lower lamella with a rounded incision which is filled with
the broad bases of a pair of long triangular upward pointing appendages ; outer upper
appendages very long and slender ; wings hyaline ; costal and subcostal cells yellow-
ish ; fifth longitudinal vein with a narrow very faint yellowish border ; stigma brown ;
the whitish band beginning in front of the stigma extending through the discal into the
base of the fourth posterior cell ; a whitish spot beyond the stigma ; discal cell hardly
twice as long as wide. Length, male 21 mm., wing 22 mm.
Habitat: Battle Creek, Mich., three males. Aldrich. Type no.
177. Wash. Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
Tipula calva, sp. nov.
Yellow ; head brownish-yellow with an indistinct darker median stripe ; rostrum
and palpi yellowish, last joint of latter brownish ; antenna; reaching nearly to base of
abdomen, first three joints yellow, others light brown, much darker at the base which
js somewhat incrassate ; mesonotum light yellow with three brown stripes, the median
one twice as broad as the lateral ones and indistinctly divided by a faint cinereous
1 ine ; the portion of the lateral lines extending back of the suture broader and much
darker brown ; collare light yellow with three faint brownish spots ; scutellum and
metanotum light yel'ow, each with a very faint median brown line ; pleura whitish ;
halteres yellowish, knobs brown ; legs yellow, tarsi and the tips of the femora and
tibia slightly darker ; abdomen yellowish, darker posteriorly with three brownish lines,
lateral lines somewhat sinuate, lateral margin of each segment broadly whitish ; eighth
sternite dark brown, somewhat lighter posteriorly, posterior margin truncate with a
median rather broad, blunt, rectangular reddish process; lateral angles with a pair of
long, rather narrow, flattened appendages the inner margins of which are furnished with
a few yellowish hairs ; hypopygium large, very dark brown ; upper lamella thick,
swollen, with a median .shallow funow which is not narrowed anteriorly, posterior
margin produced into two rather long, blunt, rounded processes which are separated by
a deep, V-shaped incision ; wings hyaline, faintly darker toward the tip ; costal and
subcostal cells faintly tinged with yellow ; stigma brown ; the posterior cross vein and
the portion of the fifth longitudinal vein beyond this vein with a faint very narrow
brownish border ; a broad whitish interrupted line beginning in front of the stigma and
extending across the discal cell into the base of the fourth posterior cell ; a small
whitish spot beyond the stigma ; discal cell twice as long as wide. Length, male 21
mm., wing 22 mm.
y/rt/vV^/.- Battle Creek, Mich., two males. Aldrich. Type no. 178.
Wash. Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
Very similar to T. hirsuta, but easily distinguished by the structure
of the eighth abdominal sternite and the upper lamella of the hypo-
pygium.
Sept.,i9oi.] DOANE : DESCRIPTIONS OF NeW TiPULID^. 115
Tipula concinna, sp. nov.
Brown ; head darker brown ; rostrum and palpi yellow ; antennae reaching a
little beyond the base of the wings, first two segments yellow, third yellowish-brown,
those beyond the third brown, somewhat constricted in the middle ; mesonotum light
brown with four darker brown stripes ; scutellum and metanotum brownish-yellow ;
pleura grayish-yellow ; halteres yellowish, knobs brown, tips lighter ; legs brown,
tips of femora, tibia and tarsi somewhat darker, femora yellowish toward the base ;
abdomen brownish-yellow with three brown stripes, the lateral ones not complete ;
sixth and seventh segments darker brown ; eighth sternite brown, posterior margin
with a fringe of very long reddish-yellow hair ; hypopygium brown ; upper lamella
lighter toward the tip, with short yellow hair, terminating in two short, blunt proc-
esses between which is a rather broad, shallow incision ; wings with a brownish
tinge ; subcostal cell and the anterior margin of the anal cell with a yellowish tinge ;
the stigma, a spot over the base of the second submarginal and the first posterior cells,
and a spot over the origin of the prrefurca brown ; the great cross vein and the dis-
tal portion of the fifth longitudinal vein brown bordered ; the whitish band beginning
in front of the stigma extending across the base of the discal cell into the base of the
fourth posterior cell ; a whitish spot beyond the stigma ; discal a little more than
twice as long as wide. Length, male 15 mm., wing 17 mm.
Habitat: Olympia, Wash. , one male. Kincaid. Type no. 197.
Wash. Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
Tipula unicincta, sp. nov.
Brown ; head grayish-brown with a narrow median line above ; rostrum reddish-
brown, cinereous above ; palpi brown ; antenna; not reaching the base of the wing,
first two segments yellow, others wholly dark brown, slightly darker at the base,
cylindrical ; mesonotum light brownish-gray with four brown stripes, the lateral ones
rather short ; the median ones are separated by a rather broad slate-colored line ;
scutellum and metanotum brownish ; pleura more cinerescent ; halteres brown, yel-
lowish at the base, knobs brown, tips lighter ; legs brown, tips of the femora, tibia
and tarsi darker ; abdomen brown with three rather indistinct somewhat broken
brown stripes ; tergum of the fourth segment nearly wholly brown ; eighth sternite
reddish-brown, posterior margin with a small median reddish-brown appendage
which is fringed with short reddish-brown hairs ; lateral angles provided with a pair
of very much larger appendages the bases of each whitish, somewhat triangular, the
apex bearing a very long, narrow, flattened, reddish-brown claw-like process and a
few short, yellow hairs ; hypopygium reddish-brown ; upper lamella terminating
in two rather long flattened acute points between which is a rather deep, V-shaped or
U-shaped incision in the base of which arises a whitish tumid heart-shaped process,
posterior lateral angles much lighter then the rest of the lamella ; base of ovipositor
dark brown, upper valves reddish-brown, rather long, slender, obtuse at tip ; wings
with a bi-ownish tinge, apical half slightly darker; stigma brown ; the broad whitish
band beginning in front of the stigma and running across the base of the discal and
into the base of the fourth posterior cell and the side of the fifth posterior cell ; indis-
tinct whitish streaks in all the posterior cells except the first ; similar streaks in the
116 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
anal, axillary and spurious cells, one or two of which reach the posterior margin of
the wing ; an indistinct brownish border along the distal portion of the fifth vein ;
a brown spot over the basal cross veins ; discal cell more than twice as long as wide.
Length, male 19 mm., female 22 mm., wing 19 mm.
Habitat : Collins, Idaho, two males. (Type) Moscow Mt., Idaho,
one male, one female. Piper. Pullman. Wash., one male. Key-
port, Wash., three males, six females. Doane. Type no. 180. Wash.
Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
The specimens from Keyport are larger with the general color of
the body yellowish instead of brownish in all but two females, where
the thorax is grayish, the wings are more yellowish with the w-hite
markings more distinct. These may possibly represent a distinct
species, but as they show so much variation a larger series will be
needed before the constant differences, if any, can be determined.
Tipula acuta, sp. nov.
Brown ; head grayish-brown with a faintly indicated brownish line above ; ros-
trum reddish-yellow, grayish-brown above ; palpi brown, darker toward the tip ;
antennae not reaching the base of the wing, first and second segments and the basal
portion of the third yellowish, others brown, those beyond the third slightly incrassate
at the base ; mesonotum grayish-brown with three broad, brown stripes, the median
one divided by a grayish line, the lateral ones interrupted anteriorly and posteriorly ;
scutellum grayish with a narrow median brown stripe ; metanotum and pleura slate
colored, the former with a median brown stripe, the latter more yellowish posteriorly ;
halteres yellow, knobs, brown lighter at the tip ; legs brown, tarsi and the tips of the
femora and tibia somewhat darker, femora yellowish toward the base ; abdomen
brown with three brown stripes, the lateral ones much broader posteriorly ; posterior
margin of the eighth sternite with a rather deep rounded incision from the middle of
which arises two tufts of long yellow hair and from the sides of which arises a pair of
broad reddish-brown two-pointed appendages which bear a fringe of shorter yellow
hair along their inner margins ; posterior margin of upper lamella of hypopygium with
two small, crescent-shaped incisions ; lower lamella divided, the posterior lateral
angles furnished with a pair of elongated brownish appendages which in turn are pro-
vided with two long, slender, twisted pendulous appendages ; ovipositor dark reddish-
brown, valves straight, acute ; wings with a brownish singe which is somewhat
darker in the subcostal cell and in the anterior margin of the anal cell ; stigma brown ;
the whitish band running from in front of the stigma across the discal cell into the base
of the fourth posterior cell ; discal cell about three times as long as wide. Length,
male 19 mm., female, 21 mm., wing 23 mm.
Habitat: Palo Alto, Cal., four males. (Type) Doane, four males,
four females. Kellogg. Type no. 181, Wash. Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
Close to T. pracisa Lw., but differs in the following points : an-
tennae beyond the third joint wholly brown in both sexes ; stripes on
Sept.,i9oi.] DOANE: DESCRIPTIONS OF NeW TiPULID.E. Ill
the mesonotum not saturate margined ; upper valves of ovipositor
acute. I do not have a male oi prcccisa before me so I cannot com-
pare the hypopygia.
Tipula diluta, sp. nov.
Bown ; head brownish -gray with a narrow median line above ; rostrum short,
stout, yellowish, grayish above ; nasus nearly half as long as the rostrum ; palpi brown,
lighter toward the tip ; antennae reaching nearly to base of abdomen, wholly brown,
segments one to five lighter brown, those beyond the third slightly incrassate at base ;
mesonotum light gray with three very broad brown stripes, the median one divided by
a darker line ; collare brown ; scutellum light yellowish ; metanotum yellowish -gray ;
pleura and coxss light gray ; halteres brown ; knobs dark brown ; abdomen brownish,
lighter toward the base, with a lighter dorsal stripe ; posterior and lateral margins of each
segment gray; hypopygium small, brown; upper and lower lamella indistinctly sepa-
rated, posterior margin of the former with a short rectangular process the posterior
lateral angles of which are produced into short, black points ; ventral side of lower
lamella light yellow, with a deep narrow incision, outer appendages yellow, broad,
irregularly ovate, overlapping ; wings with a brownish tinge except in the middle
portion which is somewhat whitish hyaline ; costal, subcostal and the anterior margins
of the first basal and the anal cells darker ; stigma brown ; an indistinct whitish spot
in front of the stigma. Length, male 12 mm., wing 14 mm.
Habitat : Colo., two males. Morrison. Type no. 1S2, Wash.
Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
Tipula leucophsea, sp. nov.
Cinereous ; head cinereous, darker posteriorly with a broad dark brown stripe
above ; rostrum cinereous, long, stout ; palpi brown, darker at the tip ; antennae of
female reaching a little more than half way to base of wings, first joint yellowish-
brown, second joint yellowish, others brown ; metonotum cinereous with three slate-
colored fusco-margined stripes, the median one divided by a narrow fuscous line ; a
broad fuscous line just above the dorsopleura suture ; collare rather broad, prominent,
cinereous, with a median brown spot; scutellum and metanotum cinereous each with
a distinct fuscous line ; dorsopleural membrane yellowish ; ground color of pleura
brown, covered with a silvery bloom ; abdomen yellowish with three brown stripes ;
seventh and eighth segments mostly brown ; base of ovipositor broad, light brown,
shining, upper valves reddish-brown, broad, apex acute, lower valves reaching only
to the base of the upper valves ; wings cinereous ; a spot in the base of the basal cells,
another over the origin of the prrefurca and a larger one over the stigma brown ; all
of the veins except in the basal portion of the wing more or less bordered with brown ;
faint brownish clouds in all the cells and on the apex of the wing ; discal cell three
times as long as wide. Length, female 30 mm., wing 25 mm.
Habitat: Colo., one female. Morrison. Type no. 183, Wash.
Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
118 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
Tipula incisa, sp. nov.
Brown ; head cinereous with a median narrow dark brown line above ; rostrum
and palpi yellowish, last joint of latter brown ; antenna- reaching to base of wings, tirst
two segments yellow, third yellowish-brown, remaining segments very dark brown,
slightly incrassate at the base ; mesonotum cinereous with five brown stripes, the
lateral ones broad abbreviated anteriorly, the median ones narrower, reaching the an-
terior margin ; collare, scutellum and metanotum brownish-gray, latter with a faint
median brown line ; pleura cinereous ; halteres yellow, knobs brown ; legs brownish-
yellow, tarsi brown, tips of femora and tibia slightly darker ; abdomen yellowish-
brown with three brown stripes, posterior and lateral margins of each segment yellow-
ish ; posterior margin of eighth sternite with a fringe of rather long reddish-yellow hair ;
hypopygium reddish-brown ; upper lamella with a deep median furrow, posterior
margin with a small V-shaped incision ; the lower lamella with a broad, deep incision
in which there hangs two rather long tumid appendages the tips of which are fur-
nished with rather long yellowish hair, outer lateral appendages broad, apex rounded ;
ovipositor long, reddish-brown, upper valves slightly arcuated near the tip ; wings
grayish with three fuscous spots ; the first over the origin of the prrefurca the second
over the stigma and small cross veins, the third near the middle of the anal cell ;
costal, subcosial and anterior margin of anal cell with a yellowish tinge, the white
band beginning in front of the stigma running through the base of the discal cell and
fourth posterior cell interrupted in the fifth posterior cell but usually reaching the
posterior margin of the wing ; a whitish spot before the stigma and on both ends of
the oblong fuscous spot in the anal cell ; discal cell a little more than twice as long as
wide. Length, male i8 mm., female 23 mm., wing 19 mm.
Habitat : Wawawi, Wash., four males, one female. (Type) Pull-
man, Wash., two females. Doane. Type no. 184, Wash. Agric. Coll.
& S. of S.
Tipula subcinerea, sp. nov.
Brown ; head cinereous with a rather broad brown stripe above ; rostrum and
base of palpi reddish-brown, the latter darker toward the tip ; antennre not reaching
the base of the wings, brown, first and second joints yellow ; joints of flagellum
cylindrical, those beyond the first slightly incrassate at base, with verticles of long
yellow hair ; mesonotum light brown with six brown stripes, the lateral pairs uniting
anteriorly, but suddenly diverging and inclosing a rather broad, short, brown spot ;
the median pair separated by a fusiform grayish-brown line ; scutellum and metano-
tum brownish-gray, both with an indistinct median brown line ; pleura gray, a
brown stripe running posteriorly from above the base of the anterior coxce and end-
ing below the base of the wing ; an indistinct brown spot above the base of the
middle coxre ; halteres brown, base yellow, tips of knobs much lighter ; abdomen
brownish-yellow, darker laterally and posteriorly, posterior and lateral margin of
each segment whitish ; eighth tergite wholly brown ; hypopygium very dark reddish-
brown ; upper and lower lamella completely fused together, the latter with a very
deep broad incision and a narrow, shallow median yellowish depression ; the upper
of the two outer pairs of appendages is yellow, broadly spatulate with long whitish-
Sept., igoi.] DOANE : DESCRIPTIONS OF NeW TiPULlD/E. 119
yellow hairs at the tip ; the second pair is reddish-yellow, more strongly chitinized
with the apex black, notched ; wings long, with a brownish tinge, apex somewhat
darker, with several indistinct fuscous and whitish spots ; the fuscous spots at the base
of the basal cells, at the origin and tip of the prcefurca, along the fifth vein and at
the tip of the seventh vein being most distinct ; indistinct whitish spots in the mar-
gin of all the cells in the posterior part of the wings, stigma brown ; discal cell
about four times as long as wide. Length, male 20 mm. , wing 22 mm.
Habitat : Colo., one male. Morrison. Type no. 185, Wash. Agric.
Coll. & S. of S.
Tipula armata, sp. nov.
Yellow ; head somewhat cinereous above, with a narrow median brown line
above ; rostrum and palpi yellow, the latter darker at the apex ; antennae reaching a
little beyond the base of the wings, yellow, darker toward the apex, the last five or six
segments being brownish ; the segments beyond the third black and slightly incrassate
at the base ; mesonotum yellow with four brown stripes ; scutellum, metanotuni and
pleura light yellow ; halteres yellow, knobs brown, tips whitish, legs yellow, tarsi
and tips of femora and tibia brown ; abdomen yellow with three brown stripes, the
lateral ones very faintly indicated ; eighth sternite somewhat produced and narrowed
posteriorly ; posterior margin with very thick, bushy, long, reddish-yellow hair ;
hypopygium large, reddish-brown ; upper lamella produced into two, long, flattened
somewhat triangular processes, the ends of which are slightly curved downward and
inward ; the outer lateral appendages of the lower lamella produced into rather long
very acute triangular appendages, posterior margin of lamella with two small reddish-
brown appendages which are furnished with rather long yellowish hair ; wings of a
brownish tinge, somewhat darker toward the apex ; a faint oblong spot in the first
basal cell midway between the base of this cell and the origin of the prcefurca ; the
origin of the prsefurca and the stigma brown ; costal, subcostal and the anterior
margin of the anal cells yellowish ; a whitish spot running from in front of the stigma
across the base of the discal cell into the base of the fourth posterior cell and follow-
ing along (he vein separating this cell from the fifth posterior cell to the posterior
margin of the wing ; a whitish spot beyond the stigma and a very faint whitish spot
in the posterior margin of the axillary cell. Length, male 17 mm., wing 20 mm.
Habitat : Seattle, Wash., four males. Kincaid. Type no. 186,
Wash. Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
Tipula albovittata, sp. nov.
Cinereous ; head cinereous ; rostrum yellowish, cinereous above ; palpi brown ;
antennae not reaching the base of the wings, brown ; second segment yellow ;
mesonotum cinereous, with three broad brown stripes, the median one divided
near its anterior end by a short gray line ; collare cinereous with a median brown
line ; scutellum, metanotum and pleura brownish-gray ; halteres light yellow, knobs
brown ; legs brownish-yellow, tips of femora, tibia and tarsi brown ; abdomen
brownish-yellow, much darker posteriorly, with three brown stripes, the lateral ones
broken ; fourth segment almost wholly brown above ; eighth sternite dark reddish-
120 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix
brown, posterior margin with a tuft of light yellow hair ; upper lamella of hypopy-
gium, with a median depression and a slight incision ; posterior margin of the lower
lamella with a broad blunt triangular process the middle of which is whitish and
tumid, the sides reddish-brown ; wings brown with three irregular white bands, the
first near the base, the second near the middle and the third toward the apex of the
wing; the extreme apex of the second submarginal cell, the apical portion of the
first posterior cell and the basal portion of the second, third, and fourth posterior cells
also white spotted ; a small white spot at the origin of the proefurca ; costal cell ex-
cept a brown cloud opposite the origin of the prrefurca, and the extreme base of the
wing white ; discal cell three times as long as wide. Length, male 17 mm., wing
19 mm.
Habitat: Pullman, AVash., one male. Piper. Type no. 187,
Wash. Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
Tipula albonotata, sp. nov.
Brown ; head grayish-brown with a median brown stripe above ; rostrum yellowish,
brownish above ; palpi brown, yellowish toward the base ; antennje reaching the base
of the wings, first three segments yellow, others dark brown and deeply excised be-
low in the male ; antennae of female much shorter, first six or seven segments yellow-
ish, others brown ; mesonotum brown, with three broad brown stripes, the median one
divided by a narrow grayish line ; collare grayish-brown with a median brown spot ;
scutellum brown with a darker brown median stripe ; metanotum cinereous ; pleura
slate-colored ; halteres yellow, knobs brown ; legs yellowish -brown, tarsi and tips of
femora and tibia darker ; abdomen brownish-yellow with three brown stripes, the
lateral ones faintly indicated, posterior margin of each segment yellowish ; eighth
sternite and hypopygium reddish-brown ; posterior margin of upper lamella depressed,
shining black, with a median short, blunt, black process ; lower lamella with a
rounded incision in which hangs a pair of rather long, brownish tumid appendages ;
ovipositor long, dark brownish-red, upper valves straight, acute ; wings gray with
three conspicuous whitish spots, the first incompletely surrounding the stigma and ex-
tending across the base of the discal cell into the base of the fourth posterior cell, the
second near the distal end of the second basal cell, the third near the middle of the
axillary cell ; stigma and a small spot at the base of the priijfurca brown ; costal, sub-
costal and the anterior margin of the anal cells with a yellowish tinge ; discal cell a
little more than twice as long as wide. Length, male 15 mm., female 23 mm.,
wing 16 mm.
Habitat : Battle Creek, Mich., one male, one female. Aldrich.
Type no. 188, Wash. Agric. Coll. &: S. of S.
Tipula spectabilis, sp. nov.
Yellowish ; head cinereous with a narrow median dark line above ; rostrum
reddish-yellow ; palpi yellow, apex brown ; antennae reaching nearly to base of
abdomen, the first three segments wholly yellow, the next two or three segments
yellowish with a brownish tinge, the remaining segments brown, those beyond the
third slightly incrassate and darker at the base ; mesonotum light yellowish with
Sept., igoi.] DOANE : DESCRIPTION OF NeW TlPULID^. 121
four brown stripes, the median pair separated by a fusiform light yellow line ;
scutellum reddish-brown ; metanotum and pleura brownish-gray ; halteres yellowish,
knobs brown ; legs brownish-yellow, tips of femora, tibia and tarsi brown ; abdo-
men yellowish, darker posteriorly, with three brown stripes the lateral ones faintly in-
dicated anteriorly ; eighth sternite produced and narrowed posteriorly with a shallow
rounded incision from which arises a tuft of very thick, bushy, long reddish hair ;
hypopygium large, reddish-brown ; posterior margin of upper lamella with a slight
depression, with two very small median black points ; lower lamella with a shallow
rounded incision in which lies a pair of small reddish-brown appendages which are
furnished with short yellow hair at the tip ; outer lateral appendages produced into
two long flattened projections the distal thirds of which are broadened and twisted in
such a way that the concave surfaces are toward each other ; wings brownish, with
darker and lighter spots ; an oblong spot in the first basal cell midway between the
base of this cell and the origin of the prasfurca, the origin of the prsefurca, the stigma,
a less distinct spot over the small cross veins and at the tip of the posterior branch of
the second vein darker brown ; an irregular whitish band running from in front of
the stigma across the discal into the base of the fourth and fifth posterior cells ; a
spot beyond the stigma, one in the middle of the first basal cell, another in the pos-
terior margin of the axillary cell, and the basal portion of the wing whitish ; nearly
all the veins border with whitish. Length, male 17 mm., wing 20 mm.
Habitat : Collins, Idaho, ten males. Piper. Type no. 189, Wash.
Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
Tipula contaminata, sp. nov.
Tawny ; head light brown, darker above with a median fuscous line ; rostrum
and palpi light brownish ; first four segments of antennae of female yellowish, the
others yellowish-brown ; mesonotum tawny, each of the four brown stripes margined
with darker brown ; collare tawny, with three brown spots ; scutellum and metano-
tum brownish with a narrow median brown stripe ; dorsopleural membrane yellowish-
white ; pleura grayish-brown ; mesopleura and sternopleura darker brown; halteres
wholly light yellow ; legs brownish-yellow, tips of femora, tibia and tarsi brown ;
abdomen yellowish-brown with three brown stripes, the lateral ones indistinct ; pos-
terior margin of each segment light yellow ; ninth tergite reddish-brown with a yellow
border, posterior margin with a broad deep median incision and lateral narrow sharp
incisions ; posterior margin of ninth sternite with a deep incision ; ovipositor very
short reddish-brown, upper valves forcep-like, lower valves shorter, leaf-like, some-
what membranous ; wings broad with a light brownish tinge, with several indistinct
whitish spots in the middle apical portion of the wing ; all of the veins in the pos-
terior portion of the wing with a more or less distinct whitish border ; the extreme
tips of the veins with a dark spot, leaving a whitish spot in the margin of each of the
posterior cells and less distinct spots in the anal, axillary and spurious cells ; stigma
and a small spot on the origin of the prsefurca brown ; discal cell less than twice as
long as wide. Length, fema'e 20 mm., wing 23 mm.
Habitat: Colo., two females. Morrison. Type no. 190, Wash.
Agric. Coll. &: S. of S.
122 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
Tipula abluta, s\). nov.
Brown ; head brown, darker above ; rostrum and paljii yellowish-brown, latter
darker at the ti]") ; first two segments of antenna; yellow, others brown ; mesonotum light
brown with four brown stripes, the median pair incompletely separated anteriorly ; collare
yellowish-brown with three brown spots ; scutellum, metanotum, pleura, and coxte
reddish-brown ; dorsopleural membrane brown ; halteres brown, tips lighter ; legs
brownish-yellow, tips of femora, tibia and tarsi brown ; abdomen yellowish-brown,
darker posteriorly, with lateral brown stripes ; posterior and lateral margins of each
segment yellowish ; eighth and ninth segments separated by a deep furrow above ;
eighth tergite with two very short, blunt points near the median line ; lateral margins
of the ninth tergite drawn out into a blunt point posteriorly ; ninth sternite divided by
a deep quadrate incision ; base of ovipositor very stout, upper valves rather short, red-
dish-brown, slightly arcuated, with a deep dorso-lateral groove ; lower valves a little
stouter than the upper, acute ; wings very similar to T. contamiiinta, but narrower
and somewhat darker with a faint brownish spot in the middle of the discal cell and
a still fainter spot in the posterior margin of the second basal cell opposite the origin
of the prtefurca. Length, female 22 mm., wing 21 mm.
Habitat: Colo., one female. Morrison. Type no. 191, Wash.
Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
Tipula varia, sp. nov.
Yellow ; head yellowish-brown with a median brown stripe above ; rostrum and
palpi yellow, last joipt of the latter brown ; antenna; of female reaching half way to
base of wings, yellow, segments beyond the fifth dark at base ; mesonotum light
yellow with four brown stripes ; scutellum and metanotum reddish-brown ; pleura and
dorsopleura membrane yellowish ; halteres yellow, knobs brown, lighter at the tip ;
legs yellowish, tips of femora, tibia and tarsi brown ; abdomen brownish-yellow with
three brown stripes ; ninth abdominal tergite almost concealed beneath the eighth ;
eighth and ninth sterna and the lower base of the ovipositor fused together, light
yellow ; upper base of ovipositor reddish-brown, somewhat cylindrical from above ;
valves of ovipositor reddish-brown, the upper ones straight, slender tips rounded ;
lower valves shorter, broader and more blunt at the tips ; wings tinged with brown,
apex somewhat darker ; a brown spot in the anterior margin of the first basal cell
nearly opposite the tip of the seventh longitudinal vein ; darker spots over the stigma
and the origin of the praefurca and much fainter spots at the tip of the posterior branch
of the second vein and over the base of the second submarginal and first posterior
cells ; an incomplete whitish band beginning in front of the stigma and extending
across the base of the discal cell into the base of the fourth posterior cell ; a whitish
spot beyond the stigma, and a very faint whitish streak just beyond the tip of the
seventh vein ; discal cell more than three times as long as wide. Length, female 19
mm., wing 19 mm.
Habitat: Seattle, one female. (Type) Olympia, Wash., one
female. Kincaid. Type no. 192, Wash. Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
Sept., igoi.] DOANE: DESCRIPTIONS OF NeW TiPULID/E. 123
Tipula albocaudata, sp. nov.
Brown ; head cinereous with a median brown stripe above ; rostrum brownish-
yellow ; palpi brown ; antennx- of male reaching to base of abdomen, dark brown,
first two segments and the base of the third yellow ; joints of tiagellum cylindrical
and very slightly incrassate at base ; mesonotum light brown or cinereous, with seven
brown stripes, the median one very faintly indicated, the outer pairs united anteriorly ;
collare yellowish with three brown stripes ; scutellura yellowish ; metanotum grayish-
brown ; dorsopleural membrane light yellowish ; mesopleura and sternopleura and an-
terior cox?e slate-colored, rest of pleura light yellowish ; halteres brown, base yellowish,
knobs blackish ; legs brown ; femora yellowish toward the base ; tarsi and tips of femora
and tibia darker ; abdomen reddish-brown, blackish posteriorly with two broad blackish
lateral lines which are broader posteriorly ; hypopygium black, elongate ; upper and
lower lamella closely fused together, the former with two yellow, black-tipped, short,
slender appendages ; lower lamella with a deep broad incision and a median yellow
line, lateral appendages yellow ; wings almost hyaline with a very slight brownish
tinge ; subcostal cell and the anterior margin of the anal cell very slightly tinged with
yellow ; stigma brown ; the posterior cross vein with a very narrow brown border ;
the indistinct broken whitish band beginning in front of the stigma running across the
base of the discal into the base of the fourth posterior cell ; discal cell more than
twice as long as wide. Length, male 17 mm., wing 17 mm.
Habitat : Pullman, Wash., two males. (Type) Wavvawi, Wash.,
one male. Doane. Colo., two males. Morrison. Type no. 193,
Wash. Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
Tipula cognata, sp. nov.
Brown ; head brownish cinereous with a median brown line above ; rostrum and
palpi brown, the latter darker toward the tip ; antennae of female reaching more than
half way to the base of the wings, first and second joints yellow, third and fourth
yellowish-brown, others wholly dark brown ; mesonotum brownish-yellow with four
dark brown stripes ; the median pair is separated by a broad grayish stripe which is
divided by a light brownish line ; collare cinereous with three faintly indicated darker
spots ; scutellum and metanotum cinereous, the former yellowish posteriorly, each with
a narrow median brown line ; dorsopleura membrane yellow ; pleura slate-colored ;
metapleura and hypopleura with a yellowish tinge ; halteres light yellowish, knobs
brown ; legs brown, femora yellowish toward the base, tarsi and the tips of the
femora and tibia darker brown ; abdomen brownish-yellow with two broad, dark
brown stripes above and sometimes three or four faintly indicated broken brown stripes
below ; posterior and lateral margin of each segment grayish ; eighth and ninth seg-
ments wholly very dark brown ; the posterior lateral corner of the ninth tergite drawn
out into a short blunt process ; base of ovipositor blackish ; basal half of upper valves
rather broad apical half, slender tip rounded ; lower valves broader, blunt, reaching
way to tip of upper valves ; wings almost hyaline with a faint brownish or grayish
tinge ; costal, subcostal and anterior margin of anal cells and the base of the wing
with a yellowish tinge ; stigma brown ; the great and small cross veins and the fifth
longitudinal vein faintly and very narrowly brownish bordered ; discal cell more than
124 Journal New York Entomological Society. [voi. ix.
three times as long as wide ; petiole of second submargiiial cell short. Length, female
19 mm., wing 19 mm.
Habitat : Seattle, Wash., one female. (Type) Olympia, Wash.,
two females. Kincaid. Moscow Mt., Idaho, three females. Doane.
Type no. 194, Wash. Agric. Coll. &: S. of S.
I have before me five males from Olympia which evidently belong
to this species, although the thorax and head are almost wholly black,
and the stripes on the mesonotum faintly distinguishable. The black
color is evidently due to desiccation. Antennae reaching beyond the
base of the abdomen ; first and second joint and the base of the third
yellow, others dark brown ; joints of the flagellum conspicuously ex-
cised below ; hypopygium similar to that of T. albocaudata.
Tipula usitata, sp. nov.
Brown ; head yellowish, brownish posteriorly, with a median brown line above ;
rostrum yellow, brownish above ; palpi light brown, darker toward the tip; antennae
of female reaching half way to base of wings, first segment brownish-yellow, second
vellow, others brown ; mesonotum cinereous, with five brown stripes, the lateral ones
broadest ; collare yellowish with a median brown line ; scutellum and metanotum
brownish, both with a faintly indicated median brown line ; dorsopleural membrane
yellow ; mesopleura, sternopleura and anterior coxre slate gray, rest of pleura and
other coxre light yellowish ; halteres brown, yellowish at the base ; legs brown, tibia
and tips of femora and tibia darker ; an indistinct lighter band just before the brown
band on the stigma ; abdomen yellowish-brown with three brown stripes, the
lateral ones broadest ; base of first segment whitish ; posterior margin of each seg-
ment grayish or yellowish ; ninth segment black above, yellowish below ; upper
base of ovipositor shining black, valves reddish-yellow, darker toward the tips, tips
blunt, rounded ; lower valves reaching but little beyond the base of the upper valves ;
wings almost hyaline, with a grayish tinge, apical portion slightly darker; costal,
subcostal and anterior margin of anal cells faintly tinged with yellow ; stigma brown ;
the whitish broken band beginning in front of the stigma extending across the base
of the discal cell through the fourth and fifth posterior cells to the posterior margin of
the wing ; a whitish spot beyond the stigma ; discal cell more than three times as
long as wide. Length, female 14 mm., wing 14 mm.
Habitat: Tokeland, Wash. , one female. (Type) Doane. Corvalis,
Ore., one female. Kincaid. Type no. 195, Wash. Agric. Coll. &
S. of S.
Tipula graphica, sp. nov.
Brown ; head cinereous with a brown stripe above ; rostrum yellow ; palpi brown ;
antennre of female reaching a little more than half way to the base of the wings, first
six segments yellow, others brown ; mesonotum light gray with three broad grayish-
brown stripes each brown-bordered, the median one divided by a narrow brown line ;
Sept., igoi.] DOANE : DESCRIPTIONS OF New TiPULID.'E. 125
collare grayish-brown, darker laterally ; scutellum and metanotum brownish with a
median brown line ; dorsopleural membrane whitish ; pleura gray, hoary ; halteres
yellowish, knobs brown ; legs yellowish, tarsi and tips of femora and tibia brown ;
abdomen brown with two broad, interrupted, brown, lateral stripes ; posterior and
lateral margins of each segment except the last two grayish or yellowish ; eighth
segment wholly light brown ; ninth tergite blackish, lateral margins produced pos-
teriorly into short blunt points ; ovipositor dark reddish-brown, upper valves very
slightly arcuated, rounded at the tip ; lower valves reaching nearly half way to tip of
upper valves ; wings whitish hyaline with brown markings along the costa and veins ;
the brown costal border reaching posteriorly to the fourth vein in the middle portion
of the wing and to the third vein in the apical portion, interrupted before the stigma
by a broad whitish hyaline band ; fifth vein and great cross vein broadly, others nar-
rowly, bordered with brown, border of sixth and seventh veins faint ; all the posterior
cells brown margined, base of first brown ; discal cell four times as long as wide, im-
maculate. Length, male l6 mm., wing 17 mm.
Habitat: Palo Alto, Cal., one female. Doane. Type no. 196,
Wash. Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
Tipula decora, sp. nov.
Brown ; head cinereous with a median dark brown line above ; rostrum and palpi
yellow, latter darker toward the apex ; antennas of male reaching beyond the base of
the abdomen, first three segments yellow, others dark brown, darker at the base, seg-
ments beyond the third very slightly incrassate at base ; mesonotum light gray with
three very broad brown stripes each divided by a faint narrow giayish line ; collare
brownish, with three brown spots ; scutellum and metanotum yellowish-brown, each
with a narrow brown stripe, the latter with two brown spots on the posterior margin ;
dorsopleural membrane light yellowish ; pleura hoary ; mesopleura and sternopleura
slate-colored, rest lighter gray ; halteres yellow, knobs brown ; legs brown, base of
femora yellowish, tarsi and tips of femora and tibia darker ; abdomen brownish-
yellow, brown posteriorly, with three brown stripes, the lateral ones indistinct, broken ;
posterior margin of each segment yellowish ; hypopygium small, very dark brown ;
upper lamella with a very small incision ; lower lamella with a deep rather broad
incision, appendages lighter brown ; wings brownish with whiti.sh spots and a
crescent-shaped subapical whitish band, the latter beginning in the costa beyond the
stigma and extending through the fourth posterior cell to the margin of the wing ;
two large whitish spots in the second basal cell, smaller fainter spots in the anal and
axillary cells and before the stigma ; stigma brown ; base of second submarginal and
first posterior cells and all that portion of the wing beyond the whitish iiand brown.
Length, male 12 mm., wing 14 mm.
Habitat : Montreal, Can., one male. Chagnon. Type no. 197,
Wash. Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
Tipula subtenuicornis, sp. nov.
Brown ; head brownish-yellow ; rostrum and palpi yellow ; antennae reaching
to the base of the third abdominal segment, first two segments and the extreme base
126 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. ix.
of the third yellow, others brown, cylindrical, very slightly incrassate at the base,
bristles of the verticles long, slender; mesonotura brownish-gray with four brown
stripes, the median pair slightly broader anteriorly ; collare yellowish-brown with
three brown stripes ; scutellum yellowish-brown ; metanotum grayish-brown, sides
yellowish ; dorsopleural membrane yellowish ; mesopleura and the ventral half of
the sternopleura blackish-brown, rest of pleura yellowish ; halteres yellowish, knobs
brown at the base, whitish at the tips ; legs yellowish, tarsi and the tips of the femora
and tibia darker ; abdomen brownish-yellow with lateral narrow brown stripes ; pos-
terior border of the second and third segments with a narrow black ring ; seventh
and eighth and all except the anterior margin of the sixth segments black ; hypopy-
giuni small, yellow; upper lamella terminating in a median, short rather acute point;
wings grayish with faint whitish spots ; subcostal cell faintly tinged with yellow ;
stigma brown, surrounded by whitish ; a large whitish spot covering the tips of the
basal cells and the base of the discal, fourth and fifth posterior cells ; faint whitish
streaks in the second basal, anal and axillary cells ; first posterior cell lighter than the
others; discal cell twice as long as wide. Length, male 14 mm., wing 14 mm.
Habitat: Seattle, Wash., one male. Kincaid. Type no. 198,
Wash. Agric. Coll. l^- S. of S.
Tipula albofascia, sp. nov.
Yellow ; head grayish-yellow, darker posteriorly with a very narrow faint black
line above ; rostrum and palpi yellow, latter darker at the tip ; antennas of female
reaching nearly to base of wings, first three segments yellow, others brown, yellowish
at the joints ; mesonotum light yellowish with three broad reddish-brown stripes ;
collare yellowish with three darker spots ; scutellum and metanotum brownish-yellow ;
dorsopleural membrane yellow ; pleura yellow with a whitish bloom ; halteres yellow,
knobs brown ; legs yellow, tarsi and tips of femora and tibia darker ; abdomen yellow
with three brown stripes ; posterior margin of each segment light yellow ; eighth and
ninth segments wholly very dark brown ; base of ovipositor very dark reddish-brown,
shining ; upper valves reddish, slender, straight, tips rounded above ; lower valves
broader, blunt, hardly reaching the middle of the upper valves ; wings almost
hyaline faintly tinged with yellow, apex slightly darker ; costal, subcostal and anterior
margin of anal cells slightly tinged with yellow ; the whitish band beginning in front
of the stigma extending across the base of the discal cell through the fourth and fifth
posterior cells to the posterior margin of the wing ; discal cell about twice as long as
wide. Length, female 20 mm., wing 21 mm.
Habitat : Corvalis, Ore., one female. Kincaid. Type no. 199,
Wash. Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
Tipula lucida, sp. nov.
Yellow ; head cinereous ; rostrum yellow ; palpi brownish-yellow, darker toward
the tip ; antennae of male reaching a little beyond the base of the wings, first two
segments and the base of the third yellow, others brown, cylindrical, very slightly in-
crassate at the base ; antennas of the female hardly reaching half way to the base of
the wing, first three segments yellow, others brown ; whole thorax honey yellow,
Sept., 1901.] Webster : Southern Corn-Leaf Beetle. 127
shining ; dorsopleural membrane whitish ; halteres yellow, knobs brown ; legs yellow,
tarsi and the tips of the femora and tibia darker ; abdomen honey yellow, darker
posteriorly, with black dots on the lateral margin of each segment which are some-
times incompletely connected by brownish stripes ; a brownish spot on the first ster-
nite ; eighth tergite somewhat produced and narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin
with two tufts of long reddish hair ; hypopygium large, reddish yellow ; posterior
margin of upper lamella with a slight median incision, lateral angles produced into
short, slender, acute points ; lower lamella with a rather deep incision in which lies a
pair of short reddish-brown appendages the tips of which are fringed with long yellow
hair ; base of ovipositor honey yellow, shining, valves reddish, upper valves slightly
arcuate, long, slender, acute ; lower valves broader, obtuse, reaching beyond the
middle of the upper valves ; wings hyaline, subcostal cell and stigma with a slight
yellowish tinge ; a very faint scarcely perceptible whitish streak running from in front
of the stigma across the base of the discal cell ; discal cell twice as long as wide.
Length, male 15 mm., female i8 to 20 mm., wing 17 mm.
Habitat: Moscow Mt., Idaho, one male, one female. (Type)
Doane. Collins, Ida., two males. Piper. Type no. 200, Wash.
Agric. Coll. & S. of S.
THE SOUTHERN CORN-LEAF BEETLE: A NEW
INSECT PEST OF GROWING CORN.
plates vii-ix.
By F. M. Webster.
While investigating the habits of the species of Siniiiliiim, inhabit-
ing the country adjacent to the Mississippi River in Arkansas and
Louisiana, early in April, 1S87, I observed in a small field of corn,
on the old Perkins Plantation, at Somerset Landing, Tensas Parish,
Louisiana, a number of beetles, Myochroiis dcuticollis Say, attacking
the young corn.
They were found, largely, in the soil about the stems of the plants
at or very near the surface of the ground, where they seemed to be
engaged in gnawing the bases of the outside leaves, and were not
then observed to depredate upon the upper portion of the leaves, nor
were they at any time observed running over the plants. At the
time, however, the corn plants were very small, not having put forth
more than three or at most four leaves. No serious injuries were
observed at the time, and more pertinent investigations prevented
my giving them further attention. I was not then aware of what has
128 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
since been learned, viz., that the beetles are quite easily alarmed,
and, when disturbed, drop to the ground and secrete themselves in
crevices, under clods, or about the bases of the plants. There was
no evidence, in this field, to throw any light upon the food plants of
the species, other than corn.
These facts were recorded in substance by the writer in Report of
United States Commissioner of Agriculture, for the year 1887, p.
147, and up to the present year, this has remained the only published
notice relative to the food habits of the insect, so far as I have been
able to learn. Prof. S. J. Hunter, in a recent letter, reports injury
to young corn, at Hartford, Kansas, May 31, 1894, and Prof. S. A.
Forbes writes me that it had been taken at Cobden, Union county,
Illinois, on corn. Mr. W. H. Ashmead, in his " Notes on Cotton
Insects in Mississippi" published in Insect Life, Vol. VII, pp. 25-
29, 240-247, 1894, includes the species among those found on the
cotton plant, but it was not observed to feed thereon.
The species was described in 1824* by Thomas Say, under the
name of Colaspis denticollis, as follows :
C. denticollis. — Lateral thoracic edge three-toothed ; elytra serrate. Inhabits
Missouri.
Body black, slightly bronzed, covered with dense, robust, cinereous hairs : an-
tennae dull rufous at base ; thorax with three equal, equidistant teeth on the lateral
edge ; elytra with lateral edge minutely dentated ; tip simple ; anterior tibiie and
posterior thighs one-toothed. Length, nearly one-fifth of an inch.
To the ordinary observer, these beetles are about three-sixteenths
of an inch long and about one-third as wide as long, frecjuently so
covered with earth, which becomes intermixed with the dense hairs,
that they look more like animated bits of soil than they do like in-
sects. See Plate VII, Figs, i, 2, t dorsal, and 2, lateral views.
The species is clearly a southwestern one, and, probably, one of
those that has worked its way northward from Mexico,' and, perhaps.
Central America. But on this point I shall have more to say later.
Its distribution in the United States may be outlined as extending
from Washington, D. C, to extreme southwestern Iowa, southern Ari-
zona, and Texas, Florida and Virginia. The exact localities, so far as
'^ Jour. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., Vol. Ill, p. 448, being Descriptions of Co-
leopterous Insects Collected in the late Expedition to the Rocky Mountains, per-
formed by order of Mr. Calhoun, Secretary of War, and under command of Major
Long.
Sept., I90I.] Webster: Southern Corn-Leaf Beetle. 129
I have been able to obtain them, are as follows : Washington, D. C.
(Chittenden) ; Columbus (J. S. Hine), Marietta,* and Cheshire,
Ohio (Webster) ; Kentucky (S. J. Hunter), Kentucky, opposite
Cincinnati, Ohio (Dury, 25 years ago) ; Paxton,* Indiana ; Urbana,
Champaign county, and Clay, Jackson, Union and Pulaski counties,
Illinois (Forbes) ; Kirkwood,* Cadet,* Missouri City,* Missouri ; East-
port, Iowa (Wickham) ; Lawrence, Douglass county and Hartford,
Lyon county, Kansas (Hunter); Vinita, Indian Territory (Wickham) ;
Tucson, Arizona (Wickham); Las Cruces,* New Mexico; El Paso
(LeConte), Dallas,* Columbia,* Columbus * (Wickham), Victoria,*
Brownsville* (Wickham), Texas; Somerset Landing (Webster),
New Orleans (Forbes), Shreveport,* Louisiana; Vicksburg,* Miss-
issippi; Archer,* Capon,* Enterprise,* Florida; Fortress Monroe,*
Virginia. LeConte includes the species in his list of Coleoptera of
Kansas and Nebraska, and also in his list for eastern New Mexico,
but does not give exact localities. See map, Plate IX.
The first information that I had of this insect, in destructive
abundance, in Ohio, came from Mr. Alva Agee, of Cheshire, who
wrote me under the date of June 2, 1900, to the effect that "The
miserable fellows helped to eat up a field of corn."
As Mr. Agee had accompanied his complaint with specimens of
the insect, there was no doubt as to its identity, and on June 4th I
sent my assistant, Mr. Newell, to investigate the matter. It was found
that the area of serious depredation was not confined to a single field,
but covered a territory about three miles square, rather rough and un-
even in its topography, with the worst infested fields located upon the
hills and ridges, and consisting, uniformly, of lands that had the
previous year been devoted to pasture, or else had several years prior
to the present been allowed to lapse into a semi-wild condition.
Farmers in the neighborhood had observed the work of the insect for
about tour years.
The beetles commence their work, in this locality, about the first
week in May, or as soon as the corn plants appeared above ground.
They feed during early morning or toward evening, during clear days
when the sun shines, but during cloudy days they may be observed
thus engaged at any time. If there are passing clouds, they will feed
while the sun is obscured, but as soon as the clouds pass from before
* Specimens in the United Slates Nat. Museum.
130 Journal New York Entomological Society, [Voi. ix.
the sun, they quickly seek cover from its hot rays and hide themselves
away under clods, in crevices in the ground or about the bases of the
plants, showing no inclination to take flight, but running rapidly.
On June yth, a female was dissected, and eggs found in the ovaries.
These eggs were yellow in color, cylindrical, and estimated to be
about I mm. in length and about one-fifth as broad as long, with the
ends roundingly truncated. It has not yet been possible to observe
where the eggs are deposited, nor have I been able to learn where the
insect passes the larval and pupal stages. As it belongs to a group of
beetles which includes Paria, Fidia, Colaspis, Heteraspis and several
other genera, species of which are known to feed upon the roots of
plants, in the larval stage, it is fair to presume that the larvte of this
species are of subterranean habits also.
On July 2ist, Mr. Newell again visited the same locality and found
a few beetles still feeding upon the corn plants, usually inside of the
unfolding leaves or on the tassels. The effects of their attacks upon
the corn plant is shown in Plate VII, Fig. 3, while the general effect
is illustrated in Plate VIII, Fig. i, from a photograph taken by Mr.
Newell on July 23d, showing the condition of a field at that date, the
standing corn being that from a second planting. In a corner of this
field was a small space where the second planting had not been at-
tacked, and this is illustrated in Plate VIII, Fig. 2, showing what the
condition of the entire field should have been, even after the first
planting had been destroyed by the Myochrous. Both in the fields
and in our breeding cages the beetles fed freely on corn, timothy and
crabgrass, Paniciim pubescens, but very sparingly on bluegrass and
redtop, and it is doubtful if the beetles can survive on the latter two.
October 24, 1900, I found a few beetles about asters and feeding
on young belated broom corn. April 12, 1901, Mr. Newell found
one adult among asters, showing that at least some of the insects win-
ter over in that stage. No material damage has been done in the lo-
cality the present year, up to July i5t.h.
A species of larvae were found in great abundance about the roots
of two species of Aster, A. pilosiis var. platyphyUiis and A. Jdrsuti-
collis, (?) upon the roots of which they evidently subsist. Owing to
the fact these larvs were swept off in myriads by the ravages oi Sporo-
tn'chi/m g/obii/i/crn/n, I was only able to rear a single adult, which
Prof. C. H. Fernald thinks may prove to belong to a new species of
Tortricidce. Early in November, 1900, I visited the locality and
Sept., 1901.] Webster : Southern Corn-Leaf Beetle. 131
about the roots of these same species of Aster found great numbers of
a coleopterous larv^x which from their resemblance to the larvae of other
Eumolpini seemed likely to be those of Myochroiis dcnficollis, but
again, on account of the attack of Sporotrii/iinn, only a single adult
has been reared and that a Pari a.
By the accompanying map, Plate IX, I have endeavored to illustrate
the known distribution of this and the other two species of the genus
Myochroiis, not as in any way throwing additional light upon the food
habits of M. deuticollis, though one of them, M. sqitamosus, seems to
have the habit of collecting under dried excrement of the Bison, when
these existed in its area of distribution, and, later, under the dried ex-
crement of cattle. Mr. Dury tells me that he always collected M. deuti-
collis under boards and similar objects laying on the ground, and on
low lands.
In their distribution, M. deuticollis inhabits the country east of a
line drawn from southwestern Iowa to Tucson, Arizona, while J/.
sqiimuosus ranges from northern Arizona and New Mexico to the
Platte River in Nebraska and northwest into Montana, probably
through western South Dakota and Wyoming. Af. lougi/lus, the only
remaining species of the genus to be mentioned, is known to range
from southern California and Arizona, northward into Colorado, where
it has been reported by LeConte, without exact locality. It not un-
likely occurs also in Utah, though it has not yet been reported from
there in our literature, so far as I am able to learn, but in any case
overlapping the territory inhabited by 31. sqiiamosics in northern Ari-
zona and New Mexico, and also, probably, in Colorado, while the
latter species borders on and possibly mingles with AT. deuticollis in
southwestern Arizona, eastern New Mexico, western Kansas, and,
probably, extreme southeastern Nebraska.
In their anatomical affinities, deuticollis is the most remote from
sqitauiosus, though their habitat is contiguous if not indeed overlapping,
and the nearest to lougulus, whose habitat is far to the south, and only
touching in Arizona. Thus is would seem that the first two had been
the earliest species to push northward, and have become the most
widely separated in structure, while lougulus seems to have been the
latest to enter our fauna. The genus Diabrotica offers some very good
illustrations of the evolution of species along the west coast, inde-
pendently, as it would appear, from those along the eastern shores.
Hence, J/, lougulus might very probably represent a west coast variation.
132 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
From what we know of the genus MyocJiroits, in Mexico and to
the southward, we may with more data be able to trace denticollis back
to its southern home. According to Mr. Martin Jacoby,* M. melan-
cholicus, a species very closely allied to denticollis, occurs at Durango,
Pueblo and Tabasco, in Mexico, and also in Panama, thus already im-
plying a possible origin of the latter species. M. femonilis, also
closely allied to ilenticollis, occurs in British Honduras, which rather
strengthens this theory. Other species of the genus inhabiting the
country to the southward of the United States, are sallcei, albovillosus
and carinatiis, from Mexico, and tibialis, from British Honduras and
Guatemala.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIL
Fig. I. Myo'-tiroiis denticollis, dorsal view.
Fig. 2. " " lateral view.
Fig. 3. Corn plant showing ravages of Myochrotis dmticollis.
EXPLAN.\TION OF PLATE VIIL
Fig. I. General effect of attacks of yl/. denticollis.
Fig. 2. Corner of same field where the plants from second planting were not de-
stroyed.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX.
Map showing distribution of Myochrons denticollis, M. squamosus and iJ/.
loniTitliis.
ON SOME BEES OF THE GENUS ANDRENA FROM
NEW JERSEY.
By T. D. a. Cockerell.
The females of the species under consideration may be separated
by the following table. I have included two species of Colletes which
resemble Andrcna and may be confused with it. The material herein
discussed was collected by Dr. J. B. Smith, and consists of species on
which he has made biological observations.
Base of metathorax (propodeum) with a transverse ridge enclosing a narrow strongly
plicate area I.
Base of metathorax without such a ridge 2.
1. Hair of thoracic dorsum pale ochraceous and black Colletes inaqualis Say.
Hair of thoracic dorsum bright orange-ferruginous Colletes thoracica Smith.
2. Larger species ; abdomen shining black without hair-bands ; thorax covered with
ochraceous hair 3.
Smaller species ; abdomen with hair-bands at least partially developed 5.
* Biologia Centrali-Americana, Vol. VI, Pt. I, and Supplement, Pt. I.
Sept., 1901.] COCKERELL : SOME BeES FROM NeW JeRSEY. 133
3. Hair at end of abdomen ferruginous diinniiigi C\d\.
Hair at end of abdomen black 4.
4. Hair of pleura black ; process of labrum rounded carlini Ckll.
Piairof pleura pale ; process of labrum truncate vicijia Smith.
5. Abdomen shining, with strong punctures ; hair at apex of abdomen pale feiTugi-
nous. hippotes Rob.
Abdomen tessellate, with minute punctures ; hair at apex of abdomen sooty or
purpl ish-bl ack 6 .
6. .Stigma and tegulte piceous ; process of labrum deeply bifid sp. incert.
Stigma and tegulse ferruginous; process of labrum conical in t)utline, the apex
rounded and entire placida Smith.
Andrena dunningi CIdl.
Both sexes from Newark, in May. A. viciniformis Rob., is a
synonym ; at least, I can find no difference.
Andrena vicina SmUJi.
One 9 from Burlington Co., May; marked '■' hicolor.'''' It was
unexpected so far south.
Andrena carlini Ckll.
Females from Jamesburgh, May ; Burlington Co., May; Prosper-
town, June i ; one is marked '■'■vicina.''''
Andrena bipunctata Cress.
$, Newark, May. 9, Prospertown, June i. Not included in
the table ; the $ has the clypeus yellow with two black spots ; the 9
is known by the small size, clypeus (black) punctured only at sides,
the middle smooth and shining, process of labrum broad, abdomen
tessellate and practically impunctate, wings yellowish, nervures and
stigma honey-color, etc.
Andrena hippotes Rob.
Newark, May. Marked " ////^A?." It agrees exactly with a speci-
men of hippotes received from Robertson. The four hind tarsi, and
the two hind tibire of the 9 are red.
Andrena placida Smith.
Jamesburgh, May. Identified from the description, but I think
certainly correct. Marked ''A. viola,'' but not congeneric with
lomclissa violas, Rob.
Andrena, sp. incert. (See table. )
A 9 with no data; marked " salicis," which it is not.
134 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. ix.
Colletes ina^qualis Sav.
Lahaway and Newark ; both sexes. April, May. Labelled " ^/z-
drena hilaris. ' '
Colletes thoracica Siiiifh.
One 9 , Lahaway, June 20. Hitherto known from Florida. It
has a superficial resemblance to the European Andrcna nitida.
Colletes, sp. incert.
Prospertown. Marked " compacta,''' but not that species ; allied
to C. cvslivalis. I have compacta from Mr. Robertson, and believe it
is correctly identified. Not in table.
TYPES OF ANTHOMYID GENERA.
By D. W. Coquillett.
The present paper is an attempt to settle the question of what
species is the type of each North American and European genus of
Anthomyidce that has been proposed up to the present time, a ques-
tion of vital importance both as regards the synonymy and also the
correct names for the various genera. Li those cases where the origi-
nal describer of a given genus did not designate the type species, and
more than one species was mentioned or described, the first species, or
at least the first of the recently recognized species, has been selected
as the type, and when none of the species have been recently recog-
nized the question of the type species has been left open ; cases of
the latter kind are chiefly confined to Rob.-Desvoidy's ill-conceived
and very imperfectly described genera and species, and it is to be
hoped that some one more familiar with the AnthomyidcC of France
will settle this phase of the question in a satisfactory manner.
Genera and their type Species.
Achanthiptem Rondani. Type as given, Musca inanis Fallen.
Acroptena Pokorny. Described one species as new, simonyi.
Acyglossa Rondani. Type as given, Acyglossa diversa new species.
Adia Desvoidy. Described one species as new, oralis, not since
recognized.
yEgei-ia Macquart. Change in spelling Egcria.
Sept., 1901.] COQUILLETT : TvPES OF AnTHOMYID GeNERA. 135
AUeostylus Schnabl. Described one species as new, sudcticus.
A//ognota Pokornv. One species mentioned, Cxnosia agromyzella
Rondani.
Aviinta Desvoidy. Described five supposed new species, none
since recognized.
Anthomyia Meigen. Mentions Musca medifahunda Fabr. , and
Musca phivialis Linne. The latter species was designated the type by
Westwood, Introd., II, Synop., 143.
Anthomyza Zetterstedt. Change of spelling Anthomyia.
Aricia Desvoidy. Described nine species as new, the first, impunc-
tata, = Musca impiincta Fallen according to Macquart, His. Nat. Dipt.,
II, 293. Westwood, Introd., II, Synop., 141, gives Musca lardaria
Fabr. as the type, but Desvoidy included this species in Macrosovia ;
Rondani, Dipt. Ital., I, 95, gives Mitsca crratica Fallen, but
Desvoidy placed this in Phaoiia ; neither of these two species can
therefore be regarded as the type oi Aricia.
Aspilia Rondani. Type as given, Anthomyia allofalla Meigen,
but in Dipt. Ital., VI, 65, Rondani queries this identification and
places this genus as a synonym of Spiios^aster.
Atherigona Rondani. Type as given, Anthomyia varia Meigen,
placed as a synonym o( A/usca quadripunctata Rossi in Anthom. Ital.,
123.
Atomogaster Macquart. Type as given, Anthotnyia iriqiietra
Meigen, but Zetterstedt, Dipt. Scand., IV, 1592, states that this is a
wrong identification, and named the present species Aricia macguartii.
Azelia Desvoidy. Described 9 species as new, the third,
nelnilosa, is given by Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., II, 330, as a prob-
able synonym oi triquetra = Aricia macquartii Zett.
Blainvillia Desvoidy, One species as new, paipata, not since rec-
ognized.
Botanophila Lioy. Type as given, Antiiomyia varicolor Meigen.
Brachylabis Schnabl. Type as given, Musca flaveola Fallen.
Brachyophyra Giglio-Tos. One species as new, effrons.
Caricea Desvoidy. Described eighteen species as new. Rondani,
Dipt. Ital., I, 98, gives Musca tigrina Fabr., as the type, placing
Desvoidy' s fourth species, vulgaris ., as a synonym. Macquart, Hist.
Nat. Dipt., II, 344, places the second species, communis, as a synonym
of tigrina.
Centrocera Pokorny. Type as given, Cxnosia decipiens Meigen.
136 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
Charadrclla V. d. Wulp. One species as new, macrosoma.
Chelisia Rondani. Type as given, Citnosia monilis Meigen.
Chiastocheta Pokornv. Type as given, Aricia trollii Zett.
Chirosia Roxdani. Type as given, Aricia albitarsis Zett.
Chloc Desvoidy. One species as new, silvicola, not since rec-
ognized.
Chlorina Desvoidy. Describes two species as new, neither of
which has since been recognized.
Choristonima Stein. One species as new, pokoniyi.
Chortophila Macquart. Describes twenty-two species. West-
wood, Introd., II, Synop., 142, gave as the type AntJwmyia sepia, the
fifteenth species.
Ciinlwtoma LiOY. Type as given, Delia floricola Desvoidy, not
since recognized.
Cinochira Zetterstedt. One species as new, atra.
Ccelofnyia Haliday. One species as new, niollissiiiia.
Ccenosia Meigen. Describes twenty-eight species. Westwood,
Introd., II, Synop., 143, gives as the type Miisca tigrina Fabr. , the
second species, but according to Zetterstedt, Dipt. Scand., IV, 17 13,
this was an erroneous identification, and he named this form An-
thomyza ciliatocosta. Rondani, Dipt. Ital., I, 97, gave Coenosia sex-
maculata Meigen as the type, but this also was not among Meigen's
species. In his Anthom, Ital., 9, Rondani gives Miisca geniculata
Fallen, the twentieth species described by Meigen.
Cosnwstyla LioY. Type as given, Hylonyia ri/Jit'entris Macq.,
not recently recognized.
CiiciiUa Desvoidy. Three species as new, none since recog-
nized.
Delia Desvoidy. Describes twenty-nine species as new, none
since recognized.
Dendrophila LiOY. Type as given, Mi/sca hilaris Fallen.
Dexiopsis Pokorny. Type as given, Aricia lacteipennis Zett.
Dialyta Meigen. One species. Muse a erinacea Fallen.
Dolichogaster Stein. One species as new, americana.
Dry??ieia Meigen. One species, obsciira, an arbitrary change of
name for Miisca hamata Fallen.
Egeria Desvoidy. Three species as new, none since recognized.
Eginia Desvoidy. One species as new, cy/indrica, not since
recognized.
Sept., 1901.] CoQuiLLETT : Types OF Anthomyid Genera. 137
Egle Desvoidy. Described twenty-one species as new, none
since recognized.
Ereinomyia Stein. Four species as new, tlie first, Jiiiineralis.
Erunschia LiOY. Type as given, Owrtophila floccosa Macq.
Eriopoda Lioy. Type as given, AutJiomyia ornata Meigen, not
recently recognized.
Eriostyla Lioy. Type as given, Civnosia ihtlna Macq., not
recently recognized.
EripJiia Meigen. One species as new, ciiierea.
EiipJicniia Desvoidy. Four species as new, the first, pratensis =
Aliisca Iceta Fallen according to Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., II, 292,
and Schiner, Fauna Austr. , I, 603. Tlie latter also adds the second
species, claripe/inis, to this synonymy.
Euryomnia Stein. One species as new, hispaniense.
Eiistalomyia Kowarz. Type as given, Aliisca hilaris Fallen.
Eiifrichota Kowarz. One species, Ceenosia inoruata Loew.
Fanuia Desvoidy. One species as new, saltafrix, = Miisca sca-
laris Fabr. according to Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., H, 333, and
Schiner, Fauna Austr. , I, 654.
Fellma Desvoidy. Five species as new, the first, fera, = An-
ihomyia urhana Meigen according to Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., II,
287, and Schiner, Fauna Austr., I, 612,
Fucellia Desvoidy. One species as new, arenaria, = Scatomyza
fiicorum Fallen according to Pandelle, Revue Ent., 1900, Etudes
Muse, 271.
Gastrolepta Lioy. Type as given, Musca coarctata Fallen.
Gymnogaster Lioy. Type as given, Anthomyia dissecta Meigen.
Halithea Haliday. Two species described, the first, Scatomyza
fiicoriim Fallen.
Haiiunomyia Rondani. Type as given, Aricia albescens Zett.
Hebecnona Schnabl. Five species mentioned, the first, An-
thomyia umbra tic a Meigen.
Helina Desvoidy. Described seven species as new, the first, eu-
phemioidea, = Antlwmyia pertiisa Meigen according to Schiner, Fauna
Austr., I, 623.
Hera Schnabl. One species as new, mikii.
Homalomyia Bouche. Three species, the first, Musca canicularis
Linne, is given as the type by Westwood, Introd., II, Synop., 143.
Hoplogaster Rondani. Arbitrary change of spelling Oplogaster.
138 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. ix.
Hydraphoria Des\oidy. Described nine species as new, the fifth
and sixth, tibialis and sagittaria, = Miisca socia Fallen according to
Pandelle, Revue Ent., 1900, Etudes Muse, 222.
Hxdrotcea Desvoidy. Described seventeen species. Westwood,
Introd., II, Synop., 142, gives as the type Miisca meteofica Linne, the
eleventh species, but according to Rondani, Anthom. Ital., 12, this
was an erroneous identification, and is Miisia irritixiis Fallen. Ron-
dani, Dipt. Ital., I, 94, gives Musca deiitipes Fabr. as the type, and
in Anthom. Ital., 11, places Desvoidy's sixth '&\)tc\t?,, flavifacies, as a
synonym.
Hyetodesia Meade. Arbitrary change in spelling Yetodcsia.
Hylemya Desvoidy. Described sixteen species. Westwood, In-
trod., II, Synop., 142, gives Aiitliomyia hi/aris Meigen as the type,
but this is not among the recognized species. Rondani, Dipt. Ital.,
I, 96, gives Musca sfrigosa Fabr., and in Anthom. Ital., 117, places
Desvoidy's first species, streiiua, as a synonym, following Macquart,
Hist. Nat. Dipt., II, 317.
Hylephila Rondani. Type as given, Musca buccata Fallen.
Hyporites Pokorny. Type as given, Eripliia montanus Schiner.
Lasiops Meigen. Five species mentioned, the first, Anthomyia
apicalis Meigen, is given as a jjrobable synonym of Anthomyia senii-
cinerea Wied. by Schiner, Fauna Austr., I, 619; the second,
Anthomyia occulta Meigen, belongs to HydrotcBa ; the third, An-
thomyia cunctans Meigen, belongs to Loncho'a according to Schiner,
Fauna Austr., I, 618, footnote, based on a type specimen; the fifth,
Lasiops cenesceus Meigen, an arbitrary change of name of Chortophila
lasiophthalma Macquart, also belongs to Lonchcva. This leaves the
fourth species, Musca hirticeps Fallen, as the type.
Lcucomelina Macquart. One specimen as new, pica.
Lcucophora Desvoidy. Describes five species as new, the third,
cincrca, = Aricia albescens Zett. according to Rondani, Dipt. Ital.,
VI, 236.
Limnophora Desvoidy. Describes twenty species as new, none
since recognized.
Limosia Desvoidy. Describes twenty-eight species as new, the
sixth, campestt'is, = Co'nosia albicornis Meigen according to Mac-
quart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., II, 348.
Litorella Rondani. Type as given, Ochihiphila littorclla Fallen.
Lispe Latreille. Original description not seen by the writer,
Sept., igoi.] Coquillett: Types of Anthomvid Genera. 139
but in Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins., Ill, 462, wliich appeared six years
later, Musca ienfaculata DeGeer is given as the type.
Lispocephala Pokornv. Type as given, A/ithoinyia alma JVIeigen.
Macj-orchis Rondani. Type as given, Mitsca iiiCiiitata Fallen.
Macrosovia Desvoidv. Two species, the first, Aliisca Ian/aria
Fabr.
Afelanochelia Rondani. Type as gi\en, Aricia sitrda Zett.
Microcera LiOY. Type as given, Musca ciliata Fabr.
Musciosoma Liov. Type as given, Anthomyia pmpotcns^'i^^.
Myantha Rondani. Type as given, Musca caiiicularis Linne.
Mycophaga Rondani. Type as given, Musca fuiigorum De Geer.
MydcEa Desvoidy. Nine species as new, the fifth, scutellaris, =
Musca pagana Fabr., according to Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., II,
291, and Schiner, Fauna Austr., I, 611.
Mydina Desvoidy. Describes twenty-two species as new, the
fourth, dispar, = Mi/sca quadruin Fabr. according to Macquart, Hist.
Nat. Dipt., II, 295, and Schiner, Fauna Austr., I, 607.
Myoda Lamarck. Describes eight species, the first, Musca toi-
taculata De Geer.
Myopina Desvoidy. One species, reflcxa = Musca myopina Fallen
according to Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., II, 389, and Schiner,
Fauna Austr., I, 6 58.
Neurota LiOY. Type as given, Musca grisca Fallen.
Nerina Desvoidy. Five species as new, none since recognized.
Ocromyia LiOY, Type as given, Hylcmyia pallida Macq. , not
recently recognized.
Onodontha Rondani. Type as given, Hydrofa'a floccosa Macq.,
but in Anthom. Ital., 15, Rondani states that this was an erroneous
identification, and names this form penicillata.
Ophyra Desvoidy. Four species, as new. Westwood, Introd.,
II, Synop., 142, gives as the type, Atitlwuiyia Icucostoiiia W'ied. The
first two species, nitida and pubcsccns, are synonyms of this sjiecies ac-
cording to Schiner, Fauna Austr., I, 620.
Oplcgaster Rondani. Type as given, Musca mollicula Fallen.
Orchisia Rondani. Type as given, Saproinyza costata Meigen.
Pacliystoma Liov. Type as given, Anthomyia crassirostris Meigen
= Musca flavipennisYdW^w according to Rondani, Dipt. Ital., VI, 182.
Palusia Desvoidy. Ten species as new, the eighth, testacea, =
Musca pumila Fallen according to Schiner, Fauna Austr., I, 665.
140 Journal New York. Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
Parachortophila Bu;ot. No species mentioned.
Paranthomyia Bigot. Same.
Paraspilogaster Bigot. Same. Published as Fa?-apsiloi:;aster, a
typographical error, since in his preface Bigot informs us that his new
names were formed by prefixing para to the name of the nearest related
genus.
Parazelia Bigot. Same.
Parhomalomyia Bigot. Same. Pannalomyia, as published, is an
error, corrected in an author's extra sent to the writer.
PegomyaV)'£Sso\V)\. Describes six species. Westwood, Introd., II,
Synop. , 143, gives as the type, Anthomyiaftilgens Meigen, but this is not
among the recognized species. The first species, hyoscyami Fabr. =
chenopodii Rondani according to the latter author, Dipt. Ital., VI,
207, and according to Meade, Ent. Mon. Mag., 1883, 9, chenopodii
is a color variety of JMiisca hyoscyami Panzer.
Peiitacricia Stein. One species as new, aldrichii.
Pcfonia Desvoidy. One species as new, rostrata, = Miisca ciliata
Fabr. according to Schiner, Fauna Austr. , I, 614.
Phaonia Desvoidy. Five species as new, the first, vianim, = An-
thoinyia erraiica Meigen according to Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., II,
287, and Schiner, Fauna Austr., I, 604.
Philinta Desvoidy. Four species, the first, Musca canicularis
Linne.
Piioraa Desvoidy. Four species as new, none since recognized.
Phorhia Desvoidy. Five species as new, none since recognized.
Phyllis Desvoidy. Four species as new, the first, flava, = An-
thomyia diaphana Wied. according to Schiner, Fauna Austr., I, 623.
Phyllogastcr Stein. One species as new, cordyluroides.
Piezura Rondani. Type as given, Piczura pardalina, sp. nov.
Platyccenosia Strobl. One species as new, inikii.
Pogonomyia Rondani. Type as given, Pogouoinyia alpicola sp. nov.
Poliefes Rondani. Type as given, Musca lardaria Fabr.
Pfltamia Desvoidy. Two species as new, neither since recognized.
Proboscimyia Bigot. One species as new, siphonina.
Prosalpia Pokorny. Three species as new, the first, styriaca, =
Anthomyza ma'reus Zett. according to Strobl., Verh. Zool.-Bot. Gesell.
Wien., XLIII, 265.
Pseiidoli)iinophora Strobl. Mentions six species, the first, Musca
triatisiila Fallen.
Sept.,i9oi.] COQUILLETT : TyPES OF AnTHOMVID GeNERA. 141
Psilometopia Liov. Type as given, Owrtopliila aesia Macci. =
Mydcea communis Desvoidy according to Meade, Ent. Mon. Mag.,
1881, 62.
Psiloptera Liov. Type as given, Miisca irritans Fallen.
Quadnila Pandelle. First species is Antliomyza annosa Zett.
Rhaditia Kowarz. (3ne species, Chirosia moii/a/ia Pokorny.
Rhyiichotri chops Schnabl. Four species listed, the first,' An-
thomyza aculeipes Zett.
Rohrella Desvoidy. Nine species, the seventh, /;'<7^77/jr, = Musca
pallida Fabr. according to Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., II, 289, and
Schiner, Fauna Austr. , I, 605.
Scha^nomyia Westwood. Arbitrary change of spelling Scliceuomyza.
Schivnomyza Haliday. Two species listed. Westwood, Introd. ,
II, Synop., 143, gives as the type the first species, Sciomyza fasciata
Meigen.
Spilogaster Macquart. Describes thirteen species. Westwood,
Introd., II, Synop., 142, gives as the type the seventh species, Musca
quadrun Fabr.
Stagnia Desvoidy. Two species as new, neither since recognized.
Stenogaster \aoy . Type as given, Chortophila augusta Macq., not
recently recognized.
Stroblia Pokorny. Arbitrary change of name oi Pscudolimuophora.
Syllegopterula Pokorny. One species as new, beckeri.
Tetrachczta Stein. One species as new, unica.
Tetramerinx Berg. Change of name of Tetrcehccta, preoccupied.
Thricops Rondani. TyP^ ^^ given, Aricia liirtula Zett., but in
Anthom. Ital., 76, Rondani states that this was an erroneous identifi-
cation and names this form anthomyinus.
Trennia Desvoidy. One species as new, iiigriconiis, = Anthomyia
errans Meigen according to Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt., II, 287, and
Schiner, Fauna Austr., I, 604.
Tricophthicus Rondani. Arbitrary change of name of Thricops.
Trigonostoma Liov. Type as given, Chortophila frontalis W.?iC(\. ,
not recently recognized.
Yetodesia Rondani. Change of name of Aricia, preoccupied.
Type as given of Aricia Rondani (not of Desvoidy), Musca erratica
Fallen.
Zabia Desvoidy. One species as new, longipes, not since recognized.
Zaphne Desvoidy. Two species as new, neither since recognized.
142 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
Synonymy and Types.
The following is only a partial synonymy of the genera, and many
names are retained as valid which future study will degrade to the
rank of synonyms. As here given, several changes are made in the
names of genera from those adopted by Meade in the Ent. Mon. Mag.,
1881-1883. Thus, Hyctodesia is replaced by Phaonia, a much older
name ; Spilogastcr is united to Afydcca, as Strobl and Stein already
have done ; TricJiophtJiicus is a synonym of Lasiops, as stated by
Meade, who preferred to perpetuate the error of Rondani rather than
to correct it ; Hoinaloinyia gives way to Faiinia , an older name, and
Ca'Iomyia becomes a synonym of it, following Strobl and several others ;
Chortophila and Phorbia, which have been united by Stein and some
others, are merged into Pegoniyia, as the slight difference in the color-
ing of the legs is hardly of generic importance ; and finally, 2Pe/a/w-
chelia is a synonym of Limnophora, as Rondani has already stated in
Dipt. Ital., VI, 103.
Achanthiptera Rond., 1856 ; inanis Fall.
Acropicna Pokoniy, 1893; j-Zwcv/jv Pokorny.
Acyglossa Pond., 1866 ; d/vcrsa Rond.
AUognota Pokorny, 1893; agromyzella^o^'D.
Atithomyia Meigen, 1803 ; phivialis Linne.
? Egle Dcsv. , 1830 : type ?
Anthomyza Zett., 1838 ; phivialis Linne. Not Anthomyza
Fallen, 1810; nor Swainson, 1833; tior Swainson, 1837.
Paranthomyia 1882; Bigot, type?
Atherigona'Ko^V). , 1856 ; quadripuncfata Rossi.
Azelia Desv., 1830 ; macquartii T.kxi:.
Atomogaster Macq., 1835; macquartii Zett.
Parazelia Bigot, 1882; type?
BracJiyopliyra Giglio-Tos, 1893; effrons, GiGLio-Tos.
Caricea\y'£.'t>\., 1830; tigrina Y.\^\i..
Cent roc era Pokorny, 1893 ; de dpi ens Meig.
Charadrella v. D. W., 1896 ; macrosonia v. d. W.
C/ielisia 'Ko'ax)., 1856; momlis Meig.
Oplogaster Pond., 1856 ; mollicula Fall,
Hoplogaster Rond., 1870 ; mollicula Fall.
Chirosia Rond., 1856 ; atbitarsis Zett.
Chiastocheta Pokorny, 1889 ; trollii Zett.
Sept., igoi] CoQUiLLETT : Types cv Anthomvid Genera. 143
C/iotistomma '&TE\^, 1895; pokornyi ?iTEi-H.
Cinochira Zkvt., 1845; atra Xy.-yx.
Ccenosia Meig., 1826 ; geniculata Fall.
LimnosiaZ'nz'. , 1830; albicornis Meig.
Palusia Dcsv., 1830; pumila Fall.
? Eriostyla Z/sis YoKORtiY, 1893; lacteipennis T.y.tt:.
Drymeia Meig., 1826 ; hainafa Fall.
Eremotnyia Stein, 1898 ; Jiiimeralis Stein.
Eiijyouwia Stein, 1899 ; hispaiiiense Stein.
Eiistalomyia Kowarz, 1873 ; hilaris Fall.
Dendrophila Lioy, 1864; hi/aris Fall. Not Dcndropliila
Sivainsoii, 1837.
Faiiuia T)^s\., 1830; scalaris Yxbv..
Philinta Desv., 1830 ; canicitlaris Linne.
Homalomyia j9^//r//^, 1834; ca/u'cu/aris hiNi^E.
Ciiilomyia Ha/id., 1840; mo//tssima HAhiD.
Myaniha Ro/id., 1856; ai/i/cu/an's hmNE.
? Cimbotoma L/oy, 1864 ; floricola Desv.
PEriopoda Lioy, 1864 ; oniata Meig.
Parhomalomyia ^/^t;/, 1882; type?
Fucellia Desv., 1841 ; fucorum Fall.
Halithea Halid., 1838; fucorum Fall. Not Halithca Sav-
ignv, 1817.
Hammomyia Rond., 1877 ; albescens Zett.
Leucophora Desv., 1830 ; albescens Zett. Not Leucophora
Goldf. , 1820.
Hydrophoria Y)k'A\ . , 1830; socia Yaia..
Hydrotcea Desv., 1830; dentipes Ya^k.
Peronia Desv., 1830; ciiiata Fabr. Not Peronia Blain-
VILLE, 1824.
Onodontha Rond., 1856; pcnicillata Rond.
Psiloptera Lioy, 1864; irrifans Meig. Not Psiloptera
SoLiER, 1833.
Microcera Liov, 1864 ; ciiiata Fabr. Not Microcera Meigen,
1803 ; nor Mann, 1830 ; nor Zetterstedt, 1842.
1-44 'Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. xi.
Hylemya Desv., 1830 ; strigosa Fabr.
? Chloe Dcsv., 1830; silvicola Desv.
Musciosoma Lioy, 1864 ; prcepoteiis Wied.
Gastrolepta Lioy, 1864; coarctata Fall. Not Gastrolepta
RoNDANi, 1862.
? Ocromyia Z/(r)', i2>6^ ; pallida Macq.
Neurorta Lioy, 1864 ; grisea Fall.
? Cosmostyla Z/t'j', 1864; rupi7'enlris Macq.
Pachystoma Z/Vy, 1864 ; Jlar'ipenuis Fall. Not Pachystoma
Guild, 1828; nor Alb. 1850.
Hylephila Rond., 1877; buccataYMJL.
Hyporites Fokoniy, 1893 ; inontatiits Schiner.
Prosalpia Z'^^Xv/v/v, 1893; mm^-ois, Zett.
Lasiops M'^iQ.., 183S; IiirticcpsYwA..
Thricops Ro/id., 1856; anf/ioiiiyini/s 'R.O'U'D.
Tricophthicus -/?^v/('/. , 1861 ; anllwmyim/s KoyB.
Rhynchotrichops 6'r////(7/'/, 1889; acy^li-ipe's Zett.
Leucomclina Macq., 1850 ; pica Macq.
LimiiophoraDESX., 1830; type? Melanochelia 7?^>;/^/., 1866; surda
Zett.
Z/>/^ Latr., 1796; tentaculata De G.
Myoda Lamarck.^ 1816 ; tentaculata De G.
Lispocephala Pokorny, 1893 ; alma Meig.
Macrorchis^o^V). , 1877 ; meditata Fall.
Mycophaga Rond., 1856; fiaigofum De G.
Eutrichota Kinuarz, 1S93 \ inornata Loew.
Mydcea Desv., 1830 ; pagana Fabr.
YtW'x^d. Desv., 1830; urbana Meig.
Aricia Desv., 1830; ii/ipuiicta Fall. Not Aricia Savigny,
1817.
Helina Desv., 1830 ; pertusa Meig.
Mydina Desv., 1830 ; qiiadntm Fabr.
? Eginia Z>^'i-?'. , 1830; cylindrica Desv.
? Potamia Z>^z'., 1830; type?
? Stagnia ZJd'i-t'. , 1830; type?
? Blainvillia Desv., 1830 ; palpata Desv.
? Cuculla Desv., 1830 ; type?
? Zaphne Desv., 1830 ; type ?
Phyllis Desv., 1830; diaphana Wied.
Sept.. I90I.] COQUILLETT: TVPES OF AnTHOMYID GeNERA. 145
Spilogaster Macq., 1835; (juadnnn Yabk.
As^'iMa. Roiid., 1866 ; ? allofalla Meig.
Paraspilogaster />'4^(?/, 1882 ; type?
Myopina Desv. , 1830; niyopina Fall.
Ophyra Desv., 1830; leucostoina Wied.
PegomyaY)'S.?>\., 1830; hyoscyami V h.'^z.
? Egeria Desv., 1830; type? Not £'^'-(?/'/(zRoissy, 1805; nor
Dumeril, 1806; nor Leach, 1815.
? Nerina Z^^j-?;., 1830; type?
? Adia Desv., 1830 ; oralis Desv.
? Phorbia Desv., 1830; type?
? Aminta Z>,?j-e'. , 1830; type?
? Delia Desv., 1830 ; type ?
? Zabia Desv., 1830; longipes Desv.
? Phorcea Desv., 1830 ; type?
? Chlorina Z?^j-z'. , 1830 ; type?
"i Mg^x'xdi. Macq., 1835; type? Not MgeriaYw^v.., 1808.
Chortophila Macq., 1835 ; sepia Meig.
Botanophila Z/fT)^, 1864; varico/or M.'e.ig.
Gymnogaster Lioy, 1864 ; dissecta Meig. Not Gyinnogastei
Gronov., 1754; nor Dejean, 1833; nor Blanch., 1851.
? Trigonostoma Lioy, 1864; frontalis Macq. Not Trigonos-
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JOURNAL
jOpiD ]9opk Qntomologiffll Horiptg*
\^ol. IX. DECEMBER, 1901. No. 4.
CATALOGUE OF THE DESCRIBED TRANSFOR-
MATIONS OF AUSTRALIAN LEPIDOPTERA.
By William Beutenmuller.
The present Catalogue was prepared by me some years ago, but for
obvious reasons the publication of the same has been delayed, and it
is possible that a number of titles may have been added since or that
some have been omitted. A number of New Zealand species are also
included,
RHOPALOCERA.
Ornithoptera priamus var. pronomus Gray.
1885— Larva, chrysalis. G. F. MattJic-u. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., VoL X,
p. 262.
1887 — Larva, chrysalis. G. F. Matt/iew. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. , p. l68.
Food-plants : Ipomaa, Aristolochia.
Papilio capaneus West.
1887- — Life-history (col'd figs.). G. F. J\faUhezu. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
pt. I, p. 179 (as F. indicatiis Butl.).
Food-plant : Citrus.
Papilio erithonius Cramer.
1S57 — Larva, chrysalis. Ilorsejield ^ Monre. Cat. Lepid. E. I. C, Vol. I,
1857, p. 105, pi. Ill, fig. 6.
1887 — Life-history (brief). G. F. Matt/ieza. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lpnd., pt. I,
p. 169.
Food-plant : Salvia.
Papilio macleayeanus Leach.
1888— Larva! stages (figs.), chrysalis (brief). A. S. Olliff. Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., p. 358.
1889 — Lana, chrysalis (brief). A. S. Ollijf. Austral. Butterflies, p. 36.
Food-plant : Orange.
148 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
Papilio eurypylus vai. lycaon ll\-s/-i>.
1SS7 — Life-history. G. J-'. Ma/l/iew. Trans. EiU. Soc. Lond., pi. I, p. 177.
1889— Larva (brief). ./. S. OUiff. Austral. Butterflies, p. 35.
Food-plant : Custard apple [Ano/ia).
Papilio ulysses L/m/.
1855 — Larva, chrysalis. Clieiiii. Ency. Nat. Hist. Papillons, p. 35.
Papilio enactus MacL.
1SS7 — Life-history (col'd figs.), G. F. Mattluw. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lend.,
pt. I, p. 176.
l88g — Larva, chrysalis. H. lyrou. Insect and Fungi Pests, Queensland
(Rep. Dept. Agricul., p. 105).
Food-plant : Orange.
Papilio sarpedon Linn.
1863 — Larva, chrysalis (fig. ). /. G. IVood. Nat. Hist., p. 509.
1874 — Larva, chrysalis. J. G. Wood. Insects Abroad, p. 569.
1880 — Larva, chrysalis. J. G. Wood. Insects Abroad, p. 569.
1888— Larval stages. A. S. Olllff. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 357, pi. 20 (^var.
choredon, Field).
1889 — Larva, chrysalis. .7. S. Olliff. Austral. Butt., p. 35(var. choredon, Field).
Food-plant : Camphor Laurel.
Papilio agamemnon Linn.
1857 — Larva, chrysalis. Horsefield o"^ Moo>-e. Cat. Lepid. E. I. C, Vol. I,
p. I (4, pi. Ill, figs, 9 and 9rt.
Papilio aegeus Don.
1887 — Life-history (2 and 3 moults not described). G. F. Matthew. Trans.
Ent. Soc. Lend., pt. i, p. 172.
1888— Larva, chrysalis (brief). A. S. Olliff. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 359.
1888— Larva (brief). C. C. Britllebank. Vict. Nat., Vol. V, p. II6.
1888— Larva (brief). ./. S. Olliff. Austral. Butt., p. 34.
1889 — Larva, chrysalis. H. Tyron. Insect and Fungi Pests, Queensland
Dept. Agricul., p. lo5.
1890 — Larval stages. Hy. Ediaavds. Vict. Nat., Vol. VII, p. 20.
Food-plants : Orange, Xanthoxyliiiii.
Elodina angulipennis Lucas.
18S7— Egg. G. F. MatthezL). Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. I, p. 155.
Food-plant : Capparis nohilis.
Terias hecabe LJnn.
1891 — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). G. Semper. Reisen in Archipel. der
Phillippinen, Vol. V, p. 255, pi. B, fig. 4.
Pieris teutonia Fahr.
1887 — Life-history (col'd figs.). G. F. Matthezo. Trans, f^nt. Soc. Lond.,
pt. I, p. 155-
18S7— Larva, chrysalis. /. G. O. Tepper. Card, and Field, Vol. 13, p. 80.
Dec, 1901.] BeUTENMI'LLER : AUSTRALIAN LkPIDOPTF.RA. 149
iSgo — Egg, young larva, chrysalis. Ily. Edwards. Vict. Nat., Vol. VII,
p. 20.
Food-plant : Capparis niitiJwIlii.
Pieris scyllara MacL.
18SS — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). G. F. Alatf/u-w. Trans. Ent. Soc.
Lond., p. 155 (as 7'. latilimbata^.
Delias nigrina Fair.
1SS9 — Larva, chrysalis { figs. ). A. S. OUiff. Austral. Butterflies, p. 28.
Food-plant : l.oranthits.
Delias aganippe Don.
1S7S— Larva, chrysalis (col'd tigs.). F. McCoy. Prod. Zool. Vict., Vol. I,
Decade I, p. 37, \A. 10.
1S87 — Larva, chrysalis. /. (/'. O. 'Feppc. Gard. and Field, Vol. XIII, p. So.
Food-plants : Loraiithiis, Exocarpiis.
Delias harpalyce Bojt.
187S — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). F. McCoy. Prod. Zool. Vict., Vol. I,
Decade I, p. 2,2,, pi- 9-
1889— Larva (brief). A. .S. Olliff. Austral. Butterflies, p. 28.
Food-plant : Loraiithus.
Catopsilia pyranthe Linn.
1S91 — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs. ). G. Semper. Reisen im Archipel. der
PhiUippinen, Vol. V, p. 25S, pi. B, tig. 5.
Food-plant : Cassia fistula.
Catopsilia scylla Li)in.
1857 — Larva, chrysalis (fig.). Horsjield d~ Mojre. Cat. Lep. E. I. C, pi.
I, fig. 6, p. 58.
Food-plants : Various species of Cassia.
Catopsilia gorgophone Bdv.
188S— Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). G. F. Mattheiv. Trans. Ent. Soc.
Lond., pt. I, p. 158.
Food-plant : Cassia.
Danaus chrysippus Linn.
1SS6 — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs. ). G. .Semper. Reisen in Archipel. der
Piiillippinen, Vol. V, p. 16.
18S8— Larva. /. 6'. O. Zi//,';- (quotes Kirby). Gard. and Field, Vol. XIII,
p. 91.
Food-plant : Asclepias.
Danaus plexippus.
1888— Larva. /. G. 0. Tepper. Gard. and Field, Vol. XIII, p. 91.
Food -pi ant : Milkweed.
Euploea corinna McLeay.
1890— Chrysalis. Hy. Edwards. Vict. Nat., Vol. VII, p. 22.
Food-plant : Oleander.
150 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
Melanitis leda Linn.
1888 — Life-history. G. F. Matthew. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. I, p. 137.
Food-plants : Grasses, Cladium, etc.
Epinephele abeona Don.
1S88 — Life-liistory (col'd figs.). G. F. Matthew. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
pt. I, p. 141.
Food-plant : Cladinin.
Acr£ea andromacha Fabr.
1887— Larval stages (Excl. Egg.). Chrysalis (col'd figs.). G. F. Matthew.
Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. J, p. 143.
1888— Larva, chrysalis (brief). A. S. Olliff. Ann. ]\Lig. Nat. Hist., p. 359.
1889 — Larva (brief). A. S. Olliff. Australian Butterflies, p. 13.
Food-plant : FassifforaeecE.
Pyrameis kershawi McCoy.
1888— Larva (brief). /. G. O. Temper. Card, and Field, Vol. XIH, p. 91.
1890 — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.), f. J/eCof. Prod. Zoology Vict., Dec-
ade 20, Vol. II, p. 3, pi. 198.
1890— Chrysalis, //y. Ed'wards. Vict. Nat., \'ol. VIII, p. 150.
Food-plants : Conipositct — Cryptosteiniiion calandiilacea.
Pyrameis itea Fal>r.
1SS7 — Life-history (col'd figs.). G. F. Matthc7v. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
pt. I, p. 145.
1890 — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). /". McCoy. Prod. Zool. Vict., Decade 20,
Vol. II, p. 361, pi. 198.
Food-plant : Witica.
Junonia vellida Fabr.
1887 — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). G. F. Mattheio. Trans. Ent. Soc.
Lond., pt. I, p. 146.
Food -plants : Batatas.
Rhinopalpa sabina Cram.
1888 — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). G. Semper. Reisen im .Vrchipel. der
Phillippinen, V, p. 24, pi. a, fig. 7.
Doleschallia herrichia Btttl.
1 887 — Life-history (col'd figs.). G. F. Matthew. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
pt. L P- 147-
Hypobolimnas bolina Linn.
1857 — Larva, chrysalis (figs.). /". Moore. Cat. Lep. Ins. Mus. E. I. C, I,
pi. V, fig. 9.
1873 — Larva, chrysalis (figs.). G. Semper. Journ. Mus., Godefifroy, II, pi.
8, fig. 6 and 7.
1881 — Larva. F. Moore. Lep. Ceylon, I, p. 58.
1886 — Chrysalis (fig. ). Kingsley (quotes Semper). Trans. N. Zeald. Inst.,
Vol. XVIII, p. 203 (as //. neritta).
Dec, I90I.] BeUTENMULLER : AUSTRALIAN LePIDOPTERA. 151
1887 — Life history. G. F. Maltheiv. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 149.
1888 — Egg, larva, chrysalis. G. F. Matthnv. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 150.
1888 — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). G. Semper. Reisen in Archipel. der
Phillippinen, Vol. V, p. 130, pi. a, fig. 9.
Food-plants : Laportia, Sitfa rlionibifolia.
Hypobolimnas misippus Linn.
iSSi — Larva, chrysalis (figs.). F. Moore. Lep. Ceylon, I, pi. XXIX, fig. I.
1888 — Larva, chrysalis. G. Semper (quotes Moore). Reisen in Archipel. der
Phillippinen, V, p. 129.
Food-plants : Portnlaca, AbntUon, etc.
Charaxes sempronius Fabr.
1889— Larva (fig.). A. S. Olliff. Australian Butterflies, p. iS.
Food-plants : Acacia brachiton, Camphor tree.
Mynes geoffroyi Gnerin.
1S74 — Chrysalis (note on). /K //. Miskin. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 239.
Lampides cnejus Fabr.
iSSl — Larva (col'd fig.). F. Moore. Lep. Ins. Ceylon, Vol. I, pi. 37.
Lampides phaseli Math.
1SS9 — Larva. G. /•'. Mattlieivs. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. II, p. 311.
Food-plant : Lcguminosce.
Lampides alsulus H. Sch.
1S90 — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). Austral. Lepid. and Transf., Vol. II, p.
10, pi. 12. (Edit. Olliff and Ford.)
Food-plant : Indigofera aiistralis.
Lycaena lulu Math.
1889 — Larva, chrysalis. G. F. Matf/iews. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. II, p.
313-
Food-plant : LeguminoscE.
Lycaena boetica Linn.
1855 — Larva, chrysalis. Chenu. Ency. Nat. Hist. Papillous, p. 206.
1S81 — Larva. F. Moore. Lepid. Ceylon, Vol. I, p. 93.
18S2 — Larva. Blackburn. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 31.
1886 — Larva (col'd figs.). W. L. Distant. Rhoph. Maylayana, pi. 20, p.
230. 1882-6.
£890 — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). Austral. Lepid. and Transf., Vol. II, p.
10, pi. 12. (Edit. Olliff & Ford.)
Food-plant : S7oainsonia, etc.
Holochila absimilis Feld.
1890 — Larva, chry.salis (col'd figs.). Scott. Austral. Lepid. and Trans., Vol.
11, p. 9, pi. 12. (Edit. Olliff & Ford.)
Food-plants : Wistaria, J\obinia, etc.
Holochila heathii Cox.
18SS — Larval stages, chrysalis. G. F. Matt/ieto. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt.
I, p. 151-
152 Journal New York Entomological Society. [vm. ix
Holochila erinus Fabr.
1S90 — Larva, chrysalis (coTd figs.). Scott. Austral. Lepid. & Transf. , Vol.
II, p. 9, pi. 12. (Edit. Ford & Olliff.)
lalmenus evagoras Do7t.
18SS — Larval stages. G. F. Matthew. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. I, p. 15 v
1S89 — Larva, chrysalis (note on). F. G. A. Barnard, ^'ict. Xat., Vol. V.
p. 168.
1890— Chrysalis. Hy. Fchunrds. Vict. Xat., Vol. VII, p. 22.
Food-plant : Acacia dealbata.
Ogyris genoveva He^u.
1S83 — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). IV. H. Miskiii. (Quotes G. Barnard
in lit.) Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 343.
1889— Larva (brief). A. S. Olliff. (Quotes Miskin.) Austral. Butterflies, p. 24.
Food- plant: Loranthus.
Netrocoryne repanda Fcld.
iSSS — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). G. F. Matthetv. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
pt. I, p. iSl.
1S90— Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). Austral. Lep. and Transf., Vol, II, pi.
14. (Edit. Ollift" & Ford.)
Food-plant : Eugenia.
Pamphila phineus Cr.
1888— Life history. G. F. Matt/ic7u. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. I, p. 179.
1890 — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). Austral. Lepid. & Trans., Vol. II, ])1,
14 (Edit. Olliff & Ford.)
Food-plants : Various species of palms.
Pamphila bambusae .^foorc.
1890 — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs.). G. Semper. Reisen im Archipel. der
Phillippinen, Vol. V, pi. 13, fig. 11.
Apaustus agraulia Hew.
1888— Larva, chrysalis (figs.). A. S. Olliff. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 360.
Food-plant : Conch-grass.
Trapezites symmomus ///'.
1888— Life-history. G. F. Matthew. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., pt. I, p. 183.
Food-plant : Cladiinii, etc.
Hesperilla picta Leach.
1889 — Life history (col'd figs.). G. F. Matthew. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
pt. I, p. 185.
Food-plant : Cladiiiin marisciis.
Hesperilla ornata Leach.
lSSiii. Nat. Hist. Lepid.
Ins. N. S. Wales, pi. 15.
1854 — Larva. E. Walker. Cat. Lepid. B. Mus. , pt. II, p. 507.
Food-plant : Lichens.
Lithosia bicolora Bdv.
1888 — Larva, pupa. J. G. O. Tepper. Gard. and Field, Vol. XIV, p. 2.
Food-plant : Senecio hypoleiicns.
Utetheisa pulchella Linn.
188S— Larva (brief). /. 6-. O. Tepper. Gard. & Field, Vol. XIV, p. 2.
Food-plant. Erectliite.f aro-i^la.
Mosoda anartoides IFalk.
1886 — Larva (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 729.
Food-plant : Lichens.
Metacrias erichrysa Meyr.
1886 — Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 750.
1890— Larva (^brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. N. Zeald. Inst., Vol. XXII, p.
216.
Food-plant : Senecio bellidioides.
Ardices fulvohirta Walk.
18S8 — Larva. J. G. O. Tly^/^;- (quotes Guest in lit.). Gard. & Field, Vol.
XIV, p. 37.
Spilosoma obliqua Bdv.
1S90— Egg. Hy. Ehvards. Vict. Nat., Vol. VII, p. 24.
Teara tristis White.
1822 — Larva, cocoon (col'd tigs.). J. IV. Lewin. Nat. Hist. Lepid. Ins.
N. S. W., pi. 8.
1888 — Larva and habits. /. G. O. Tepper. Gard. and Field, Vol. XIV, p. 25.
Food-plant : Pultenea viliosa.
Dec, igoi.] BeUTENMULLER : AUSTRALIAN LePIDOPTERA. 157
Aglaosoma variegata IFaU-.
1864— Larva, pupa (col'dfigs. ). ScoU. Austral. Lepid. and Transf. , p. 15,
pi. 5 (^s A. /ai'f/a).
(Enosanda boisduvalii Avrcw.
iSSS— Larva and habits. /. C7. O. Tepper. Gard. and Field, Vol. XIV, p. 13
(as LE. diiponchelii).
Food-plant : Eucalyptus leucoxylon.
Cebysa f elder! Scott.
1S64 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). Scott. Austral. Lepid. and Transf., p. 29,
pi. 9.
Cebysa conflicteila Walk.
1864 — Larva, pupa (col'dfigs.). Scott. Austral. Lepid. and Transf. , p. 29,
pi. 29 (as Qi.cina scottii).
Apina callisto ]Vull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., \'ol.
V, p. 72 (as Rhinogene calligainma^.
Pinara cana Walk. ?
iSSS — Larva, cocoon. J. G. O. 7\ppcr. Card, and Field, ^'ol. XIV, p. 13.
Dec, igoi.] BeUTENMULLER : AUSTRALIAN LePIDOPTERA. 161
Endoxyla d'urvillei U.S.
iSjg — Larva, pupa, cocoon (cord tigs.). /'. McCoy. Prod. Zool. Vict., Vol.
I, P- 47, pl- jO'
iSgo — Larva, pupa, cocoon (col'd figs.). C. Fretic/i. Charts Destruct. Ins.
Vict, (as E. acacicc).
1891 — Pupa. U\ Bcittfiimullcr. BulL Am. Mus. Nat. Hi.st., VoL V (as E.
cine re a ) .
Ptilomacra senex Walk.
iSSS— Larva (note on). /. G. O. Tepper. Gard. and Field, Vol. XI\', p. 52.
Discophlebia catocalina Feld.
1S91 — Cocoon, pupa. //'. JSciifciniiii/Ier. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol.
V, p. 71.
CEnetus lignivorus Lewin.
1822— Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). /. //'. Le7viu. N. H. Lepid. Ins. N. S. \V.,
pl. 16.
1858 — Larva (col'd figs.). M. P. Diiiunii (quotes Lewin). Nat. Lihr.,
Vol. XXXII, p. 107, pl. 8.
1S64 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). Scotf. Austral. Lepid. and Transf., p. 5,
pl. 2 (as C". 7'ciiitstii).
1S73 — Larva. Scott. Trans. Ent. Soc. N. S. W., Vol. I, p. 29.
Food-plants : Casnanna, Eiiciihpttis, Callistejiion, Dodoiuva, etc.
(Enetus virescens Dbl.
1873— Larva. Scott. Trans. Ent. Soc. N. S. W. , Vol. II, p. 28.
1879 — Larva and habits. C. II. Gosset. Trans. N. Zeal'd In.st., Vol. XI,
P- 347-
1S85— Life-history. A. Hoffmann. Stett. Ent. Zeit., Vol. XLVI, p. 315.
1890— Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XXII, p. 21 1.
1890— Larva. F. Stccl. Vict. Nat., Vol. VII, p. IIO.
Food-plants : Olca apatcla, Aristotelia raccmosa and Lepto spernniDi (in trunks).
CEnetus splendens Scott.
1864 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). Scott. Austral. Lepid. and Transf. , p. 6,
pl. 2.
1873 — Larva. Scott. Trans. Ent. Soc. N. S. W., Vol. I, p. 31.
1889 — Larva (note on). J. G. O. Tcppcr. Garden and Field, Vol. XIV, p. 100.
Food-plant : Casiiarina.
CEnetus eximius Scott.
1S73 — Larva. Scott. Trans. Ent. Soc. N. S. W., Vol. I, p. 35.
1890 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). Austral. Lepid. and Transf., Vol. II, p. 8, pi.
II. (Edit. 011iff& Ford.)
Food-plant : DoJoncra angusti/olia.
CEnetus scotti Scott.
1873 — Larva (note on). Scott (quotes Ramsay). Trans. Ent. Soc. N. S. W.,
Vol. I, p. 35.
Food-plants : Nettle-tree, Wistaria.
162 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vui. ix.
CEnetus lewinii JValk.
1873— Larva. Scott. 'Irans. Ent. Soc. N. S. W., Vol. I, p. 3I.
Food-plant : Castiarina.
CEnetus ramsayii Scott.
1S73— Larva. Scott. Trans. Ent. Soc. N. S. \V., Vol. I, p. 32.
Food-plants : Aciiiciia, Alectryon, etc.
Pielus labyrinthicus Don.
1864 — Larva, pupa (col' d figs.). .SVy/A Austral. Lepid. and' Transf. , p. 11,
pi. 4.
1889 — Egg larva, pupa, case. J. G. O. Tcpper. Garden and Field, Vol. XI\',
pp. 100 and 137.
1889— Larva (brief). E. Mcyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W.,pp. 11 and 35.
Food-plant : Eucalyptus.
Porina signata Walk.
1873 — Larva, pupa (brief). R. IV. E'creday. Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., Vol. V,
p. 290 (as Pielus viriolaria (juen.).
1877 — Larva, pupa. F. W. Iluttoii. Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., Vol. IX, p. 356
(as Porina vaHolaris).
Food-plants : Roots of plants.
Porina umbraculatus Gucn.
1873 — Larva, pupa (brief). R. IV. Fereday. Trans. N. Zeald. List., Vol. V,
p. 290.
Food-plant : Roots of grass (as Pielus uiiibraculatics).
Abantiades hyalinata//:-^.
1889— Larva (note on). F. Mcyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. II35
(as Pielus hyalinatus^.
Food-plants : Roots of grasses.
Zelotypia stacyi Scott.
1887— Larva, pupa. A. S. Olliff. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 467.
1887— Larva (note on). A. S. Olliff. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 499
(var. sinuosa).
Food-plants.
Bombyx? lewineae Lew.
1S22 — Larva, cocoon (col'dfigs. ). J. IV. Lewin. Nat. Hist. Lepid. Ins. N.
S. W., pi. 6.
Food-plant : Eucalyptus.
Agrotis infusa Bdv.
1889 — Life-history. H. Tyron. Rep. Ins. & Fungi Pests. Queensland, Dept.
Agricul., p. 215.
Food-plants : lucerne, etc.
Agrotis vastator Scott.
1873 — Larva. Scott. Trans. Ent. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. I, p. 41.
Agrotis spina Guen.
1890 — Larva, pupa (col'dfigs). C. French. Charts Dest.' Ins. Vict.
Dec, I90I.] Beutenm Ciller : Australian Lepidoptera. 163
Prodenia littoral is Bdv.
1889 — Larva, pupa. //. Tyron. Rep. In.s. & Fungi Pes'.s, (^)ueenslan(l, Dept.
AgricuL, p. 227.
Heliothis peltigera //. /'.
1889 — Life-history. //. Tyron. Rep. Ins. & Fungi Pests, Queen.sland, Uept.
AgricuL, p. 1S9.
1889 — Larva (note on). //. Tyron. Rep. Ins. & Fungi Pests. ()ueensland,
Dept. AgricuL, p. 150.
Food-plants : Corn, Passion-fruit. ,
Heliothis armigera /////'.
1873 — Larva, puiia (brief). R. W. Fereday. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., VoL V,
p. 291.
1890— Larva (fig. ). A. S. Olliff'. AgricuL Gazette, N. S. W., VoL 1, p. 126,
pl. 3- ' '
1900 — Larva, pupa (coLd figs.). C. French. Handb. Dest. Ins. Victoria, Pt.
Ill, p. 49, pL XL.
Leucania, .sp.
1889 — Life-history. //. Jyron. Rep. Ins. & Fungi Pests. Queensland, Dept.
AgricuL, p. 225.
Dasypodia selenophora Giu-n.
1879 — Larva, pupa, cocoon. W. Colenso. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst. , Vol. XI, p.
300.
Thalpochares coccophaga Mtyr.
18S6— Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W.,p. 1035.
1889 — Larva (note on). H. Tyron. Rep. Ins. & Fungi Pests, Queensland,
Dept. AgricuL, p. 126.
Feeds on Coccidic
Othreis fullonica Linn.
1SS5 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). F. Moore (c^uotes N. S. Ward). Trans. Zool.
Soc. Lond., Vol. II, p. 66.
Argadesa materna Linn.
1SS5 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). F. ALoore. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., Vol. II,
p. 75, pl. 12, tig. 4.
1889 — Larva, pupa. //. Tyron. Rep. Ins. & Fungi Pests, Queensland, Dept.
AgricuL, p. 102.
Food -plants: Orange, ALonospermnm glabratiiin, etc.
Maenas salaminia Cratn.
1881 — -Larva, pupa (brief). F. ALoore. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., Vol. II, p.
72, pl. 12, fig. 3 and 6.
1889 — Larva, pupa. //. Lyf-ofi. Rep. Ins. & Fungi Pests, Queensland, Dept.
AgiicuL, p. 102.
1890 — Larva, pupa (coPd figs). Austral. Lepid. & Transf. , Vol. II, ]>. 6, pl.
II (Edit. Olliff & Ford).
Food-plants : Orange, Sarcopetaluvi, Alonosperiniun glabratttm.
164 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voj. ix
Mamestra composita Gucn.
1873 — Larva pupa. R. IV. Fereday. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. V, p. 291.
1S87— Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XIX, p. 22.
Food-plants : Various species of grasses and cereals.
Mamestra ewingi.
ifjoo — Larva (col'd fig). C. French. Handb. Dest. Ins. Victoria, Pt. Ill, p.
75, pi. XLVI, fig. 2, 3.
Hadena lignifurea Walk.
1877 — Larva, pujia. /'. IV. Hiilton. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. IX, p. 357.
Plusia eriosoma Dbl.
1)581 — Larva, jnipa. IV. L. Biiller. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XIII, p.
238.
Food-plants : Geraniuin, etc.
Euple.xia insignis Walk. (?).
1S77 — Larva. F. W. Ihitton. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. IX, p. 356.
Food-plants : Clematis, Aristotelia.
Eucrostis argocrana Mey.
1S88— Larva (brief). T. P. Lueas. Vict. Nat., Vol. V, p. 26.
Food-plant : Flowers of asters.
lodis illidgei Lucas.
1889— Larva (brief). T. P. Lucas. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 604.
Food-plant : Duboisia myoporoides.
lodis insperata ]Valk.
1887— Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 897.
Food-plant : E.xocarpiis ctipressiforviis.
Monoctenia vinaria Guen.
1SS9 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. \V., p. 1206.
DJchromodes orectis Mey.
1889— Larva. E. Meyritk. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 1 183.
Food-plants : Myrtacece.
Prionophora ruptella Mey.
1879 — Larva, pupa (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. \V.,p. 209^
Food-plant : Casitarina.
Thalassodes pieroides Walk.
1 889 — Larva, pupa. //. Tp'oii. Rep. Ins. & Fungi Pests. Queensland Dept.
Agricul., p. 155.
Food-plant : Vitis.
Mnesampelia privata Guen.
1900 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). C.Lvenc/i. Haiulb. Dest. Ins. Victoria,
Pt. Ill, p. 55, pi. XLI.
Cidaria deltoidata JValk.
1890 — Larva. E. Meyrick (quote and Button in lit.). Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst.
Vol. XXII, p. 220.
Food-plants : Plantago, etc.
Dec, I90I.] BeUTENMULLER : z\USTRALIAN LkPIDOPTERA. 165
Hyberni i boreophilaria Gtien.
1S77— Larva. /'■. W. IliiUon. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. IX, p. 357.
Larentia corcularis Guen {?).
i877_Egg (brief). F. IF. Htitton. Tran.s. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. IX, p. 358.
Larentia semisignata Walk.
1S77— Larva. F. \V. JItitton. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. I.X, p. 357.
Food-plants : Riintcx, etc.
Anchmis composita Guoi.
1877— Larva. F. 11'. Hitlton. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. IX, p. 357.
Food-plants : Grasses.
Hippolyte rubropunctaria Dbl.
1SS4— Larva. F. Meytirk. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XVI, p. 60.
Food-plants : Haloragis nlata.
Epyaxa rosaria Dbl.
1S86— Egg, larva, pupa. A. Purdie. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XVIII,
p. 20S.
Asthena subpurpureata Walk
\%-l'j — Larva. /". //'. Ilittton. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. IX, p. 357.
Food-plant : LcptosperDuiiii ericoides.
Coremia robustaria Walk. (?).
1877— Larva (brief). F. IV. Hutton. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. IX, p. 358.
Food-plant : Leptosptrnmiii scopariiint.
Coremia inamoenaria Ghch.
1S77— Egg (brief). /: W. lliitlon. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. IX, p. 35S.
Eupithecia indicataria Walk. (?).
1877— Larva. F. W. Hutton. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. IX, p. 35S.
Food-plant : Clematis indivisa.
Declana floccosa Walk. (?).
1877 — Larva, pupa. F. W. Hutton. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. IX, p. 356.
F^ood-plant : Aristoielia and Ulex.
Lyrcea alectoraria Walk.
1890 — Larva. F. JMeyrick. Trans. N. Zeal'd In.st., Vol. XXII, p. 220.
Food plant : Pitto.poruin eiigtnioides.
Lyrcea hemipteraria Gucn.
1890— Larva. F. Mcyrick. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XXII, p. 220.
Ceroprepes almella Mtyr.
1878— Larva. F. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 211.
F'ood-plant : Exocarpus cuprt'ssi/ojinis.
Centropseustes astrapora Meyr.
1889— Larva. F. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 1106.
Food-plant : Melaleuca i^eiiistifolia.
Ephestia interpunctella lib.
1878 — Larva (note on). F. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 216.
Feeds on maize and other cereals.
166 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
Ephestia elutella IJb.
1S78 — Larva (note on). /:. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 215.
Feeds on various donieslic substances.
Ephestia sericaria Scott.
1879 — Larva (note on). E. Ahyriik. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 235.
iiyphantidium sericarium Scott.
1859 — Larva, pupa (col'd tigs. ). Scott. Proc. ZooL Soc. London, p. 207, pL
61.
Epicrocis terebrans O/Uff.
1S90 — Larva, pupa (tigs.). .S'. A. Olliff. Sidney Mail, Feb. 22.
1890 — Larva, pupa (figs.). .S". A. Olliff. Record Aus. Mus., \"ol. J, p. 34,
pL 2.
Foad-plants : Red cedar and other plants.
Achrosea grisella.
187S — Larva (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. \V., p. 216.
Food : Bees' wax.
Galleria mellonella Zm«.
187S — Larva (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 216.
Feeds on wax in beediives.
Schoenobius imparellus Mey.
1878 — Larva (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 117.
Food-plant : Junctis prismatocarpiis.
Aphonia latra Zell.
1879 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyriik. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 239.
Food-plant : Xant/iorrkcea hastilis.
Conogethes punctiferalis Guen.
1889 — Egg, larva, pupa. H. Tyroii. Ins. and Fungi Pests, Queensland. Dept.
Agric, p. 76.
Food-plant: Peach, dahlia, corn, etc. (in stems).
Heliostibes atychioides Mey.
1889— Larva (fig.). G. V. Hudson. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., \'ol. XXI, p.
189, pi. 8.
P'ood-plant : LeptosperDiuni.
Scoparia minusculalis Walk.
1S85— Larva. E. Meyri-k. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XVII, p. 83.
F"ood-plant : Mosses.
Mecyna deprivalis Walk.
18S9— Larva. E. Meytitk. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst, Vol. XXII, p. 188.
Food-plant : Sophthora.
Diptychophora elaina Mey.
1883 — Larva. E. Meyrick. (Quotes Fereday in lit.) Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst. '
Vol. XV, p. 18.
Food-plant : Mosses.
Dec, 1901.] BeUTENMULLER \ AUSTRALIAN LePHJOPTERA. 167
Scenoploca petraula AAy.
18S3 — Larva. A'. Meyrick. Tians. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XV, p. 10.
Food-plant : Lichens.
Sceliodes cordalis Dbi.
1S89 — Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. (Quotes Hudson in lit.) Trans. N.
Zeald. Inst., Vol. XXI, p. 187.
Food-plant : Soldiiiiin aviculare (in fruit).
Caccecia responsana.
1891 — Larva (col'd figs.). C. I-'renc/i. Handb. Dest. Ins. Vict., p. 67, pi. 5.
Food-plant: Apple (in fruit).
Cacoecia postvittana ll^aik.
18S1 — Larva, Dupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. , 503.
1890— Larva, pupa. (([uotes Meyrick). Agricul. Gaz. N. S. \V., p. 8,
Vol. I.
Food-plants : Correa, Grevih'ea, etc.
Cacoecia australana Le-w.
1822 — Larva, pupa (coLd figs.). J. JI'. Lewin. N. Hist. Lepid. Ins. N. S.
W., pi. 17.
1881 — Larva. E. Meyrick (quotes Lewin). Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. \V., p. 487.
P'ood-plant : Ei)tbothrium speciocissimufu.
Tortrix concordana Meyr.
1S81 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. , p. 519.
Food-plant : Hihbertia linearis.
Tortrix indigestana Meyr.
1881 — Larva (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. X. S. \V. , p. 520.
Food-plant : Hibiicrlia linearis.
Tortrix amaenana Walk.
1881— Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. , p. 511.
Food-plant : Monoctoca scoparia.
Eupselia satrapella Meyr.
1880 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. , p. 221.
Food-plant : Eucalyptus.
Ereunetis iuloptera I\Ieyr.
18S0— Pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 261.
Palieostoma styphelana I\[eyr.
1881 — Larva, pupa. /,'. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 423.
I'ood jilant : Eucahptus.
Arotrophora arcuatalis Walk.
1881 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 531.
Food -plant : Banksia serrafa.
Arotrophora xythopterana Meyr.
1881 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W'., p. 536.
Food -plant : Loniatia silaifolia.
"168 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
Antithesia phyllanthana Afeyr.
1881 — Larva (note on). £. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 642.
Food-plant : PhyllantJnis.
Palaeobia anguillana Mcyr.
iSSi — Larva (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W , p. 663.
Food-plant : Cori-ea speciosa.
Palaeobia hibbertiana Meyr.
iSSi — Larva, pupa. E. Miyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p 666,
Food- plant : Hibbcrtia vohibilis.
Strepsiceros ejectana Walk.
1881— Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc, N. S. W., p. 682.
1883 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XV, p. 63.
Food-plants : Lept'ospenmim , and other Myrtaceae.
Strepsiceros macropetana Meyr.
iSSi — Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 684.
Food-plant. Eucalyptus.
Strepsiceros fluidana Mey.
1881 — Larva (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 687.
Food-plant : Leplospeniniin.
Holocola thalassinana Meyr.
1881— Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 673.
Food-plant : Leptospermitiu Icrvi^a/inii.
Holocola triangulana Meyr.
1881— Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., Vol. V, p. 706.
Food-plant : Acacia decurren;.
Taractrocera papyria Bdv.
188S— Pupa. /. O. Tepper. Card. & Field, Vol. XIII, p. I16.
Pood -pi ant : Acceiia.
Eudemis botrana Schiff.
1S81 — Larva (note on), /s. APeyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 650.
1889— Larva (brief). H. Tyron. Rept. Ins. & Fungi Pests, Queensland,
Dept. Agricul., p. 156.
Food-plant : Grape.
Carpocapsa pomonella Linn.
1887— Larva and habits (f^g.). /. O. Tepper. Gard. & Field, Vol. XIII, p. Si.
1889 — Life history. H. 73'?w« (quotes various authors). Rept. Ins. and Fungi
Pests, Queensland, Dept. Agricul., p. 44.
1890 — Larva, pupa (figs). A. S. Olliff. Agricul. Gazette N. S. W., \'ol. I,
p. 6, pi. I.
1890 — Larva, pupa (note on). F. C. Christy. Vict. Nat., Vol VI, p. 164.
189I — Larva, pupa ( col' d figs). C. /''renck. Ilandb. Dest. Ins. Vict., p. 45,
pi. 2.
l8gi — -Larva (fig.). C. French. Charts Dest. Ins. \'ict
Food-plant: Apple (in fruit).
Dec.igoi.] BeUTENMULLER : AUSTRALIAN LePIDOPTERA. 169
Cacoecia alopecana ^fey.
1SS5— Larva. E. Meyriik. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst, Vol. XVII, p. 148.
Food-plant : Phyllocladus a^pinus.
Caccecia exessana IValk.
18S3 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. 15, p. 49.
1SS9— Larva (fig. ). G. V. Hudson. Tran.s. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XXI,
p. 190, pi. 8.
Food-plants : Lepfospermiim^ Panax athorcum.
Adoxophyes conditana Walk.
1SS3 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyiick. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XV, p. 41.
Food-plant : Genista.
Paedisca privatana IValk.
1877 — Larva. E. IV. Hutton. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. IX, p. 358.
Food-plants : Various shrubs.
Psedisca obliquana IValk.
1883— Larva. E. Meyrick. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XV, p. 61.
Food-plants : A'lanex, Veroniea, Lonicera, etc.
Pyrgotis plagiatana Walk.
1883 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XV, p. 39.
Food-plant : Oak.
Semiocosma platyptera Rleyr.
1890 — Larva. E. Meyrick (quotes Hudson in lit.). Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst.,
Vol. XXII, p. 220.
Food-plant : Elicocarptts dcntatus.
Tinea vivipara Scott.
1866 — Larva, case (fig-). Scott. Trans. Ent. Soc. N. S. W., Vol. I, p. -^i.
Feeds on woolens, flannel, etc.
Tinea tapetzella Linn.
1857 — Larva, case. Chenn. Ency. Hist. Nat. Papillons, Vol. II, p. 2S9.
1859— Larva. //. T. Stainton. Brit. Butt. & Moths, Vol. II, p. 290.
1859 — Larva. Humphi eys. Gener. Brit. Moths, p. 167.
1864 — Larva, cocoon. Jaeger. Life N. Am. Ins., p. 186.
lS72^Larva, cocoon (figs.). Fignier. Insect World, p. 280.
1874 — Larva, cocoon (figs.). A. S. Packard. Half-hours with Insects, p. 311.
1S91 — Larva, pupa (figs.). C. E'rench. Charts Dest. Ins. Vict.
Tinea cossuna Lew.
1S22 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). J. W. Lezvin. N. Hist. ' Lep. Ins. N. S.
W., pi. 18.
Feeds on decayed wood.
Tinea granella Linn.
1900 — -Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). C. French. Handb. Dest. Ins. Vict., Pt. Ill,
p. 129, pi. LV.
170 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
Tinea biselliella Ifwn.
Tinea pellionella Linn.
Choreutis bjerkandrella Thunb.
1880 — Larva (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Www. See. N. S. W., p. 216.
Food-plant : Cnicits, etc.
Simaethis sycopola Meyr.
1880 — Larva, pupa. E. Mtynck. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. , p. 212.
Food-plant : I'lciis stipulata.
Cryptophaga immaculata Scoti.
1S64 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). Scott. Austral. Lepid. Transf., p. 9, pi. 3-
Food-plant : Banksia integrifolia.
Cryptophaga rubescens Lcwin.
1822 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). J. W. Lezvin. Nat. Hist. Lepid. Ins. N. S.
W., pi. 12.
1S5S — Larva, pupa. J. Duncan (quotes Lewin). Nat. Libr. , Vol. XXXII,
p. 121.
1890 — Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 35.
Food -plant : Acacia longi/oHa.
Cryptophaga unipunctata Don.
1S90 — Larva, pupa. //)'. Ediuards. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 300.
1890 — Larva, pupa. Hv. Edtvards. Insect Life, Vol. Ill, p. 384.
1891 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). C. French. Handb. Dest. Ins. Vict., pt. I,
p. 113, pi. XIII.
Food-plants : Apricot, apple, plum, quince, etc. (in branches).
Cryptophaga pultenaeae Leiuin.
1822 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). J. IV. Lnvin. Nat. Hist. Lepid. Ins. N. S.
W.. pi. 13.
1858— Larva, pupa. J. Duncan (quotes Lewin). Nat. Libr., Vol. XXXII,
p. 121.
1890 — Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 39.
Food -plant : Pitltenita villosa.
Cryptophaga delocentra Meyr.
1890 — Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 39.
Food-plant : Ceratopetalwn gwnniiferum.
Cryptophaga stochastis Meyr.
1890 — Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 31.
P'ond-plant : Hakea.
Cryptophaga hierastis Meyr.
1890 — Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 30.
Food-plant : Hakea.
Cryptophaga lurida Meyr.
1890 — Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 37.
Food-plant : Eucalyptus viminalis.
Dec, igoi.l BeUTENMCIJ-ER : AUSTRALIAN LePIDOPTERA. 171
Cryptophaga epadelpha Mtyr.
1890— Larva (brief). K. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 37.
P'ood-plant : Tiistania conferla.
Cryptophaga bipunctata Scott.
1S64— Larva, pupa (col'tl figs.). Scott. Trans. Austral. Lepid., p. 9, pi. 3.
Cryptophaga do'erastis Mcyr.
1890 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 30.
Food-plant : Banksia.
Cryptophaga leucodelpha Meyr.
1890— Larva (brief). Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 35.
Food-plant : Casttarina.
Cryptophaga baJteata Walk.
1S90— Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 38.
Food-plant : Eucalyptus.
Cryptophaga irrorata Lewin.
1S22— Larva, pupa (col'dfigs. ). /. W. Lewin. Nat. Hist. Lepid. Lis. N. S.
W., pi. 10.
1858— Larva, pupa (figs. ). /. Duncan. Nat. Libr., Vol. XXXII, p. 117, pi. 10.
1890 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 34.
Food -plant : Trunks of Casuarika.
Cryptophaga albicosta Lewin.
1822 — Larva, pupa (col' d figs. ). / IF. Le7vin. Nat. Mist. Lepid. Ins. N.
S. W., pi. II.
1858 — Larva, pupa. /. Duncan. Nat. Libr., Vol. XXXII, p. 119.
1864— Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). Scott. Austral. Lepid. Trans., p. 8, pi. 3.
1890— Larva. E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. },},.
Food-plants : Banskia, Callicoma, etc.
Cryptophaga strigata Lewin.
1S22— Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). /. IV. Lewin. Nat. Hist. Lepid. Ins. N. S.
W., pi. 14.
1858— Larva, pupa. /. Duncan (quotes Lewin). Nat. Libr., Vol. XXXII, p.
122.
Food-plant : Banksia serrata.
Cryptophaga spilonota Scott.
1S64 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). E. Myrick. Austral. Lepid. Trans., p. 10,
pi. 10.
1890 — Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 35.
Food-plant : Banksia serrata.
Macrobathra argonota .^feyr.
1885 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 811.
i'ood plant : .Acacia myrtifolia.
Macrobathra desmotoma Meyr.
1885 — Larva, pupa. /:'. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 807.
Food-plant : Acacia decurrens.
172 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoLix.
Macrobathra leucopeda J/n'i:
18S5 — Larva, pupa. 7s'. JMcyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S W., p. 813.
Food-plant : Acacia discolor.
Macrobathra ceraunobola Meyr.
18S5 — Larva (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. , p. 819.
P'ood-jilant : Acacia glaiic sceiis.
Macrobathra rhodospila Mcyr.
1885 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. S15.
Food-plant : Acacia siiaveoliis.
Macrobathra myriophthalma Meyr.
1885 — Larva (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 822.
Food-plant : Acacia piibesccus.
Macrobathra alternatella Meyr.
1885— Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W.,p. 812.
Food-plant : Polybotlirinni forinositw .
Macrobathra chrysotoxa Meyr.
1885 — Larva, pupa. /:. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 804.
Food-plant : Acacia deciirrens.
Macrobathra nephelomorpha Meyr.
1885 — Larva (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 821.
P'ood plant : Acacia decurrens.
Macrobathra porphyrea Meyr.
1885 — Larva (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 820.
Food-plant : Acacia niyrtifolia.
Macrobathra anemodes Meyr.
1885 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 820.
Food-plant : Acacia.
Zonopetala decisana Meyr.
1888 — Larva, cocoon. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 1682.
Food-plants : Lichens.
CEcophora scholeea Meyr.
1899 — Larva. E. Meyrick (quotes Hudson in lit.). Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst.,
Vol. XX n, p. 200.
Food : Roots of trees ?
CEcophora pseudospretella St.
1884 — Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. N. Zeal'd Inst., Vol. XVI, p. 34.
1886 — Larva (note on K E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 782.
Feeds on furs, skins, etc.
Philobota bimaculana Don.
1888— Larva, pupa (brief). .S". A. Olliff. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 360.
Food-plant : Eucalyptus.
Lichenaula lichenea Meyr.
1890 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 49.
Food-plant: Lichens.
Dec, 1901.] Beutenmuller : Australian Lepidopteka. 173
Lichenaula tuberculata Meyr.
1890 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 51.
Food plant : Crcnvca sa/ignn.
Lichenaula undulatella Walk.
1890 — Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 47.
Food-plant : Acacia dccnrrens.
Lichenaula choriodes Meyr.
1890— Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral., p. 50-
Food-plant: Lichens.
Machseritis sallignes Meyr.
1SS6 — Larva, case. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 768.
Food- plant : Lichens.
Palparia lambertella Wing.
1849 — Larva (col'dfig.). IV. Wing. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., Vol. XVII, p.
105, pi. XIV.
Palparia micrastrella Meyr.
1882 — Larva (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 434.
Food- plant : Exccarpiis cupressiformis.
Palppria aurata Meyr.
1888— Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 1681.
Food-p)lant : Ettcalypttis.
Palparia uncinella Meyr.
1881— Larva, cocoon. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 1681.
Food-plant : Eucalyptus.
Ocystola tyranna Meyr.
1884 — Larval case. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 1069.
Food-plants : Eitcalyphts.
Ocystola pyramis Meyr.
1884 — Larval habits. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 1074.
Food-plant : Eucalyptus.
Ocystola callista Meyr.
1S84 — Larval case. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 1068.
Food -pi ant : Eiicahptits.
Ocystola hemicalypta Meyr.
1S88 — Larval case. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 1689.
Food-plant : Eucalyptus.
Heliocausta serva Meyr.
1888— Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 16S2.
Food-plant : Eticaly/^tus.
Heliocausta incarnatella Meyr.
1888— Larva, pupa (brief). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N, S. W., p. 1682.
I'ood -plant : Eucalyptus.
374 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
lieliocausta eudora .lAyr.
lS86 — Larva, pupa. Jt. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. .Soc. N. S. W., p. 831.
Food-plant : Etualyptus leucoxylon.
Heliocausta paralyrgis Aleyr.
18S3 — Larva (brief). E. Meyrick (quotes Guest). Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S.
W., p. 480.
Food-plant : Eiirnlyphis.
Heliocausta hemiteles Meyr.
1883 — Larva. 7s'. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 476.
Food-plant : Eucalyptus lercticornis.
Heliocausta elseodes Mtyr.
1883 — Larva, ]uipa (brief). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. , p. 475.
Food-plant : Eucalvptm.
Satrapia thesaurina Meyr.
1885— Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. X. S. W., p. 824.
Food-plan t : Eucalyptus.
Peltophora argutella ZelL
1884 — Larva (note on). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 727.
Food-plant : Moitotoca elliptica.
Machferitis calligenes Meyr.
18S6— Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 768.
Coeysra dichroella Zell.
1884 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. .Soc. N. S. W. , p. 767.
Qracillaria linearis Bull.
1,^89 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Trans. N. Zenl'd Inst., Vol. XXI, p. 148.
l'"o<>cl-|ilant : Cariaria of various species.
Qracillaria cenopella Meyr,
1880 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 141.
I'ood-plant : TetrcDithera ferruginea.
Qracillaria tricuneatella Meyr.
1880 — Larva, pupa. E. Aleyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 147.
Food plant : Typha latifo ia.
Qracillaria c£enotheta Meyr.
1S80 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W.,p. 149.
Food-plant : Telopea speciosissinia.
Qracillaria argyrodesma Meyr.
1SS2 — Larva, jnipa (brief). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W.,p. 195.
I'ood-iilant : Grevillea linearis.
Qracillaria chionoplecta Meyr.
1882 — Larva, pujja. E. Meyick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 196.
]'V)od-])lant : l^hcbaliuni dentalunii
Qracillaria didymella Meyr.
1882 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. \V., p. 198.
Food plant : Acacia longifolia.
Dec, igoi.] BkUTENMCLLER : AUSTRALIAN LePIDOPTERA. 175
Qracillaria ida J/nv .
1882 — Larva, pupa. R. Mcvrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 196.
Food-plants : Eucalyptus piperita.
Qracillaria toxomacha Meyi-.
1SS2 —Larva, pup;t. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. \V., p. 198.
P'ood-plant : P/iltt'iKra.
Qracillaria alysidota J/iyr.
1SS2 — Larva, pupa (brief). E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 198.
Food-plant : Acacia iongifo/ia.
Qracillaria thalassias Meyr.
1880 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. \V., p. 159.
Food-plant : Lcptospcrnnini Iccvii^atuni.
Qracillaria caiicella .SV.
l88o — Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 15 r.
Food-plant : Eucalvptiis.
Coriscium ochridorsellum Meyr.
1880 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W.,p. 167.
Food -plant : Phyllanthus ferdinandi .
Bucculatrix eucalypti Meyr.
1880 — Larva, pupa. E. J\Peyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. \V., p. 180.
Food-plant : Eucalyptus.
Lithocolletis aglaozona Meyr.
1882 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 200.
Food-plant : Deiinodiuvi.
Phyllocnistis diaugella Meyr.
1880 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 17J.
Food-plant : Euphorbia ipartnauui.
Erechthias acontistes Meyr.
1880 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 267.
Food-plant: Xa)ithorrhaea australis (in seed-heads).
Erechthias mystacinella.
1891— Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). C. French. Handb. Dest. Ins. Vict., p. 57,
pi. III.
Food-plants: In stems of apple.
Stegommata sulfuratella Meyr.
1882 — Larva, pupa. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 201.
Food-plant : Banksia integrifolia.
Telecrates parabolla Walk.
1890 — -Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., p. 64.
Food plant : Cones of Banksia.
Telecrates laetiorella JJ'alk.
1890— Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. .S. Austr., p. 63.
Food -plant : Eucalyptus.
176 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
Uzucha humeralis IVn//:.
1S90 — Larva, pupa (brief). E. Mc-yric/c. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., p. 26.
Food-plant : Eucalyptus bark.
Tymbophora peltastis Meyr.
1S90 — Larva. E. Mjyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc S. Austr., p. 57.
Food-plant : AiiL^ophora lanceolata.
Catoryctis subparallela Walk.
1S90 — Larva (brief). E. Mcyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., p. 43.
Food-plant : Casitarina.
Scieropepla typhicola Meyr.
1890 — -Larva. /:. Mcyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., p. 69.
(''ood-plant : Typlia angiis/ifolia.
Lita solanella Bdv.
1879 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., p. 112.
1889 — Life-history. H.Tyron. Rep. Ins. & Fungi Pests. Queensland, Dept.
Agricul., p. 175.
1892 — Egg, larva, pupa (figs.). C. V. Riley. Insect Life, Vol. IV, p. 239.
1893 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). C. French. Handbook Inj. Ins. Vict., p.
I47> pl- 33-
Food- plant : Potato.
Xylorycta synaula Meyr.
1890 — Larva (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., p. 59.
Food-plants : Hakea.
Xylorycta strigata Le-w.
1890 — Larva. E. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., p. 59.
Food -plants : Banksia, Lainbcrtia.
Xylorycta luteotacte'la Walk.
1890 — Larva. /:'. Meyrick. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austr., p. 61.
Food-plants : Banksia and other Proteace(£.
Eneemia caminsea Meyr.
18SS— Larva (brief). .S'. OlUff. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 361.
Food -plant : Eucalyptus.
Plutella cruciferarum Zell.
1889 — Life-history (brief). //. Tyron. Rep. Ins. & Fungi Pests, Queensland,
Dept. Agricul., p. 170.
1893 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs). C. French. Handbook Inj. Ins. Vict., p.
157, pl- 34-
Food-plant : Cabbage.
i883— Larva, pupa. .S'. Olliff'. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 361.
Food-plant : ^Eli^riceras fragrans.
Batrachedra arenosella Walk.
1889— Larva. E. Meyrick. Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., Vol. XXI, p. 181.
Food-plant : Junctis.
Dec, I90I.] Dyar : Larv.k OF Three Mosquitoes. 177
Callicotis crucifera J/tyr.
1S89 — Larva. £. Meyrick. Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., Vol. XXI, \,. 170.
Food -plant : Ferns.
Limncecia phragmitella St.
18S0 — Larva. /•,'. Afeyruk. Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., Vol. XXI, p. 173.
Food-plant : Typha angustifolia.
Proteodes carnifex Butl.
1884— Larva. E. Meyrick. Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., Vol. XVI, p. 7.
Food-plant : Fagits .uiliindii.
Nymphortola galactina Feld.
1884— Pupa (brief). E. Meyrick. Trans. N. Zeal. Inst., Vol. XVI, p. 6.
Food-plant : Myrtits bicllata.
Addenda.
Teia anartoides Walk.
1900 — Life-history (col'd figs.). C. Freiic/i. Handb. Dest. Ins. Victoria, I't.
Ill, p. 95, pi. XLVIII.
Food-plant: Golden Wattle {^Acacia pyciian/ha), and other species of Acacia.
Pieris teutonia Fain:
1900 — Larva, chrysalis (col'd figs. ). C. French. Handb. Dest. Ins. Victoria,
Pt. Ill, p. loi, pi. XLIX.
Food-plant : Capparis spinosa.
Zeuzera eucalypti Boisd.
1903 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). C. French. Handb. Dest. Ins. Victoria, Pt.
Ill, p. 107, pi. L.
Food-plant : Acacia decurrens.
Antherea eucalypti Scott.
1933 — Fgg, larva, cocoon (col'd figs.). C. French. Handb. Dest. Ins. Vic-
toria, Pt. HI, p. 113, pi. LI.
Food-plant : Eucalyptus.
Danima banksise Lcio.
1903 — Larva, pupa (col'd figs.). C. French. Handb. Dest. Ins. Victoria, Pt.
Ill, p. 121, pi. LIII.
P'cod-plant : Honey-suckle {Banksia').
DESCRIPTIONS OF THE LARVAE OF THREE
MOSQUITOES.
By Harrison G. Dyah, Ph.D.
(Platk X, Figs. 1-3. )
The larYaj here described have not been i)reviously iUustrated.
Prof. J. B. Smith has written considerably on the habits of the first
178 Journal New York Entomological Society. [voi. ix.
one (see Howard, Mosquitoes, pp. St, to 90, and P^nt. News, XII, 93,
125, 189, 220 and 254), but they were at first incorrectly identified as
Culex pungens. I am indebted to Prof. Smith for examples of the
larvK. The other species were found and bred by myself.
Aedes smithii Coquillett. (Plate X, Fig. i.)
Head rounded, pentagonal, flattened ; eyes very small, round,
black ; * mouth brushes large, but not long ; antennae small, slender,
the tuft imperceptible, end hairs small ; pale brown, weakly but dis-
tinctly and uniformly colored; widest part of the head just behind the
eyes, then gradually narrowing to antennae ; colorless, transparent, the
thicker parts brownish. Thorax quadrate, a little wider than long,
rather squarely angled, the three segments incised roundedly and
equal ; lateral hairs long, equal, the anterior and dorsal ones very
small. Abdomen slender, submoniliform, segments equal ; lateral
hairs long on all the segments, the hairs diminishing in number, but
not in length posteriorly; subdorsal tufts short, of three or four hairs.
Lateral comb of the eighth segment a single row of stout teeth. Air-
tube shorter than two abdominal segments, moderate, narrowed at the
tip, with two rows of hairs on the upper and two on the lower aspect.
Anal segment short, funnel-shaped, with two large inflated processes
as clear as glass, reaching as far as the end of the tube and containing
fine tracheal branches ; subdorsal, lateral and subventral tufts of long
hair terminally; no ventral brush.
LarvK from the leaves of the pitcher-plant (^Sarraccuia'), New
Jersey.
Culex territans Walker. (Plate X, Fig. 2.)
Head large, flattened, squarely rounded, broad ; antennre large,
long, the tuft at the outer third and well developed ; distinctly white
centrally, blackish at base and tip, appearing banded ; eyes black,
large, transverse, pointed inwardly; translucent, pale luteous ; mouth
broadly brown. In some a shade or distinct black band across vertex
of head. Thorax short, wide, at maturity swollen like a thick ring,
green or greenish ; abdomen slender, uniform ; anal segment as long
as the seventh abdominal, with four slender finger-like processes ; dor-
sal paired tuft and ventral brush normal, long ; air-tube very long and
* In some specimens, a brown- black dotted shade extends from before the eye
upward and backward, making the eye look to be transverse.
Dec.iyoi.] DyaR : LiFE-HlSTORV OF URANOTiENlA SaPPHIKINA. 119
slender, with tufts of fine hair. Abdomen colorless or greenish, cen-
tered by the dark alimentary canal and silvery tracheal tubes; hair
tufts on the sides gradually smaller posteriorly ; lateral comb of the
eighth abdominal segment a patch of fine spines about three rows
wide.
In a spring pool, a small lake and a transient fresh-water marsh,
Heliport, New York.
Culex confinis Lynch. (Plate X, Fig. 3.)
Head round, flat, narrowed before ; eyes large, transverse ; pale
brownish, dark brown on the vertex ; antennae long, slender, uniform,
the outer two-thirds black, tuft at the middle, small, often folded and
invisible ; three end hairs and a spine ; mouth brushes normal.
Thorax moderate, rounded, bulbous. Abdomen cylindrical, thick,
the segments only slightly bulging, gradually a little smaller pos-
teriorly. Hairs rather abundant in subequal tufts, short, scarcely any
more than two-thirds the width of the thorax in length, less visible
posteriorly. Air tube brown, subfusiform, about three times as long
as wide with a double pecten below, normal ; side combs of the eighth
abdominal segment with a {&\\ teeth only, each with a dentate plate-
like base \ last segment longer than wide, brown ringed ; double dorsal
tuft rather short, the ventral brush also short but extending over nearly
the whole ventral line of the segment. Anal processes slender, incon-
spicuous.
Found in a muddy puddle of rain water by the banks of the canal
near Cabin John, Maryland.
THE LIFE-HISTORY OF URANOTiENIA
SAPPHIRINA O. S.
By Harrison G. Dyar, Ph.D.
(Plate XI, Figs. 1-4.)
This mosquito is not common nor troublesome. The species is the
only one of its genus at present known from North America. The
larvae occurred in a cold stream which was formed into a large pool
by a dam and in a warm marshy pool. They occurred sparingly dis-
tributed and were not abundant. Both places were permanent bodies
180 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
of water and contained aquatic plants, Lemna, Spirogyra, etc. The
water was somewhat stagnant. The locality was at Bellport, on the
south shore of Long Island. The eggs form a boat-shaped mass float-
ing on the surface of the water, much as in Culex pungens, but the
mass is smaller, containing a less number of eggs and is less regularly
elliptical, more angular. It floats less on the surface, the middle
eggs being nearly half submerged. The sculpture and color of the
individual eggs also are different. The newly hatched larva at once
takes up the usual feeding position. This is essentially as in Culex,
but the body is held more flatly, more parallel to the surface, yet be-
low the surface film. Consequently, though feeding as Culex, the
larvffi resemble Anopheles at a casual glance and were several times at
first mistaken for them. The larvae are fond of resting below the
leaves of the Lemna, where they remain with the air tube penetrating
the surface film and feed, often with a rotary motion of the body on
the air tube as an axis. Occasionally they bend up to feed at the sur-
face. They are not timid and often a considerable commotion of the
water is necessary to send them to the bottom. The head may be
partly rotated on the neck, but the habit is not so completely devel-
oped nor so frequent as in Anopheles, which regularly feeds with the
head inverted. It has an elongate, dark brown head with a contrast-
ing pale body, the hairs of the anterior abdominal segments markedly
longer than those of the succeeding ones. Of the local species (at
Bellport), it most suggests the species of Anopheles, as above noted. '
The long anterior hairs assist in the deceptive appearance. There
seem to be four larval stages, the last three being essentially alike,
except for the successively larger size. This is shown best by the
head, as in Lepidopterous larvae. The head gradually becomes paler,
being black in the young larva and brown in the large ones. The
pupa resembles that of Culex, but is very small and has unusually long
air tubes. The species seems to breed continuously all summer, pre-
ferring warm stagnant pools of some size, containing Spirogyra. It
did not occur in the marshes which were well filled with larvae of
Culex sylvestris and C. sollicitans.
The figures of the accompanying plate were drawn by Mrs. Perle
N. Knopf from fresh specimens immediately after collection. I am
indebted to Mr. D. W. Coquillett for verifying my determination of
the species.
Egg. (Fig. I.) — Erect, the micropylar end down, closely placed,
Dec, igoi.] Dyar : LiFE HisTORY OF Uranottenia Sapphirina. 181
but not appressed, forming a triangular mass about 2 mm. in di-
ameter. Egg elongate cylindrical, bluntly rounded at the large (mi-
cropylar) end, smooth without central elevation, tapering consderably
to the small end ; smooth, the terminal fourth roughly granular with
large projecting granules. Dark brown, shading to black on the apical
fourth.
Stage I. (Fig. 2.) — Head rounded elliptical, flattened, smooth,
with four coarse, black set^ on the lower part of the face as in the
mature larva ; antennae long, divergent, rather thick with the middle
tufts very small. Black, paler above the mouth ; eyes black ; width
about .2 mm. Thorax short, wide, flattened; abdomen slender, seg-
ments submoniliform, subequal ; anal segment twice as long as wide,
cylindrical, weakly chitinized, the four anal finger-shaped processes
about half as long as the segment ; terminal hairs in a tuft above and
in a Jong brush below as usual. Air tube moderate, cylindrical,
slightly tapering, blackish chitinized, about four times as long as thick.
Hairs of the thorax long, equal ; those of abdominal segments i and
2 similar ; of segment 3 somewhat shorter and then successively
shorter, those of segments 7 and 8 only about one-third as long as
those of the first abdominal, but all similar hair tufts, differing only in
length. Lateral combs of segment 8 distinct, but without as strong a
plate as in the adult larva.
Stage II. — Head about .3 mm. wide ; at first pale with a dark shade
above, but soon turning black. Hairs of the thorax and first two ab-
dominal segments long, black ; the rest of the hairs short and stellate
as in the mature larva.
Stage III. — Width of head about .4 mm. Other characters as in
the last stage, but the head more blackish.
Stage IV. (Fig. 3.) — Head ovate, longer than wide, proportion-
ately small, pointed before, the antennae moderate, divergent. All
brown black ; width .6 mm. Thorax enlarged laterally, not annular,
flattened to the size of the abdomen dorso-ventrally. Abdomen uni-
form, tapering a little posteriorly ; last segment moderate with the
usual four anal fingers. Eighth abdominal segment bearing the air
tube, which is rather short, not longer than two segments, widened
at the tip by four, distinct, flattened teeth, as long as the width of the
tube. Lateral comb a large plate with a row of stout teeth on the
posterior edge. All yellowish subopaque, the alimentary canal dark,
edged by the silvery tracheal tubes. Hairs black, the thoracic ones
182 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
equal, long, those of the first two abdominal segments also long ; but
the rest very short and inconspicuous, stellate. Dorsal tufts and ven-
tral brush of anal segment long.
Pupa. (Fig. 4.) — Essentially as in Culex. Thorax and cases
forming a large elliptical mass, round which the slender, distinctly seg-
mented abdomen curves, bearing a pair of anal paddles. Segments
dorsally tufted with stellate hairs and some small tufts about the eyes
and between the i)rothoracic air tubes. Tubes long, slender, uniform
in width, not flared, but slightly bent in the middle, about twelve
times as lone: as wide.
NOTES ON SOME SPIDERS OF WALCKENAER,
KOCH, AND OTHERS.
By Nathan Banks.
The descriptions of new species in Walckenaer's Insectes Apteres
fall into two classes : descriptions based on specimens, and descrip-
tions based on figures. The former class are undoubtedly valid and I
intend to accept them wherever I can apply them. Descriptions of
figures, however, I hold, have no claim on the naturalist. Not only
are they based on figures, but the figures have never been published.
Many of the descriptions are sufficient for identification, but most are
not. But no matter how complete, they are not descriptions of spi-
ders ; but of figures of spiders. They rank with " hearsay evidence."
I shall not use them nor list them ; I shall ignore them. The species
Walckenaer described from specimens are usually marked with an
"M," indicating, as he states, that the specimen was in the Paris
Museum. In a few cases the type was in his own collection. In the
following pages I have tried to identify such species that were de-
scribed from the United States. The second volume of the "Apteres' '
bears date of 1837, it should be as late as 1842 since there are refer-
ences in it to 1841.
A number of species described by C. L. Koch in " Die Arachni-
den " from the United States have never been identified by later
arachnologists. Most of them can be easily placed ; a few are still
doubtful.
Dec, igoi.] BWRS: NoTKS ON SOME Sl'lDKRS. 18o
I have added notes on a few other spiders, principally on some of
Keyserling's Attidae, few of which have been noticed by current
writers.
Species from Wai.ckenaer.
Attus morsitans JValc/^., I, p. 432, 1837.
^V'alckenaer says "I have described this species after an individ-
ual of the collection of Bosc." There is no other indication that
Bosc had a collection, or that Walckenaer saw it. All the other spe-
cies referred to Bosc are certainly based wholly on the Bosc MSS. In
the preface where Walckenaer speaks of Bosc's MSS. he does not say
a word of any specimens. So I do not believe that Walckenaer ever
saw the spider which he named Attits morsitans.
Attus milberti IVa/ck., I, p. 433, 1837.
Specimen taken by Milbert in New York ; it is a synonym oi Marp-
tiisa undata De Geer.
Attus cunctator Walck., I, p. 433, 1837.
Appears also to be Marptiisa undata.
Attus signatus Walck., I, p. 434, 1837.
Type from New York. Cannot place it, unless it is a young speci-
men of Pltidippus rufus Hentz.
Lycosa rabida JFalck., I, p. 320, 1837.
This is evidently ^A'cosa scutulata Hentz, and has priority.
Lycosa avida Walck., I, p. 322, 1837.
This is plainly X.xcosa conununis Emerton ; Z. sagitta Hentz is
probably the same species.
Lycosa mordax Jl'alck., I, p. 321, 1837.
Described from a specimen from New York. Probably the young
of either Z. carolinensis Hentz or of L. nii^nnrntris Emerton. Abbott's
figures doubtless refer to a difTerent species, Z. lenta Hentz.
Lycosa milberti Walck., I, p. 336, 1837.-
Apparently Z. carolinensis Hentz, and has priority ; tyi)e is from
New York.
Lycosa sayi Jl'alck., I, p. 337, 1837.
.Ajjpears to be the same as the preceding in spite of what Walckenaer
18-4 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
says. The type is from New York, and there are not two species of
this appearance in that vicinity.
Lycosa helluo Walck., I, p. 337, 1837.
Plainly Z. nidicola Emerton [Z. />aiiiiioh>>ii Blackwall]. Type is
from New York. Z. riparia Hentz is practically identical, but this
southern form may prove to be separate since it is always more plainly
marked. Trochosa 7ui/ra Koch is the same species.
Lycosa gulosa IVa/ck., I, p. 338, 1837.
Apparently the same as the preceding ; locality is given as " Amer.
septent."
Lycosa tarantula carolinensis IJ'alck., I, p. 285, 1837.
This is Z. atroiinefisis Hentz, and has place priority over Z.
milbcrti and Z. sayi. Lycosa tareiitiiloides philadelphiaua Walck. is
based on a figure found on a plate in the Journ. Philad. Acad. Nat.
Sci., II, pi. 5. There is no description in that work.
Linyphia argyrodes ]Valck., II, p. 282, 1842.
According to Walckenaer the description is taken from a specimen
in his collection that came from either Guadeloupe or Algeria. It
certainly is not the Argyrodes frigouion Hentz, but appears to be
Argyrodes nephilcE Taczanowski (Hor?e Soc. Ent. Ross., IX, p. 114,
1872), and has priority.
Epeira cauta W'ahk., II, ]). 35.
From New York. It is indeterminable, may be Epeira sclopetaria,
or E. domicilionim young.
Epeira benjamina Walck., II, p. 42.
The type is from Martinique ; it is probably not E. domiciliorum
to which McCook refers it.
Epeira graduata Walck., II, p. 48.
From New York. Appears to be Epeira insularis Hentz without
any doubt. The male is described from Abbott's figures, and comes
first, so it is the type.
Epeira circulata Jfd/ck., II, p. 79.
Walckenaer says he describes it from a specimen in his collection.
He records it from several Southern localities. Apparently the young
of Z". Imlaustina McCook.
Dec, igoi.] Banks: Notes on Somf. Spiders. 185
Epeira jaspidata Walck., II, p. 59.
His description is based on Abbott's figures, so is not of value,
but he gives as a synonym Epeira !^^/[i,''as of Leach (Zool. Miscell., II,
132). All Leach says as regards locality is, "I suspect this gigantic
Epeira to be a native of North America." Leach's description and
figure are poor, but sufficient, I think, to indicate that he had a large
Epeira insularis Hentz before him. He figures the patellae dark only
at tip ; this suits E, i/isii/aris, but not E. frifolium. The shape of the
body shows it not to be E. domiciliorum. Thus, by elimination, it
must be Epeira insularis Hentz. The species will stand as follows :
Epeira gigas Leach.
E. gigas 'LY.Kcn, Zool. Miscell., II, p. 132, pi. 109, 1815.
E. jaspidata Walck., Apteres, II, p. 59, 1842.
E. insularis Hentz, Jour. Bost. Soc. N. H., V, p. 470, 1850.
E. obesa Hentz, Jour. Bost. Soc. N. H., V, p. 471, 1850.
E. annulipes Giebel, Zeitschr. f. Ges. Naturwiss., XXXIII, p. 250,
1869.
E. conspicellaia (Walck.) McCook, Amer. Spid., Ill, p. 143,
1893.
Species from C. L. Koch.
Corinna amoena Koch, Die Arachn., IX, p. 21, 1842.
This is plainly the same as Hcrpyllus ornata Hentz, and has five
years' priority.
Corinna cingulata Koch, Die Arachn., IX, p. 22, 1842.
This is Keyserling's Castancira hivittata, and, of course, has prior-
ity.
Corinna tricolor AW//, Die Arachn., IX, p. 24, 1842.
Appears to be a species distinct from anything described by later
authors ; I have a form which agrees with it from near Washington,
D. C. Koch's descriptions in this genus are very good for the time
and far superior to those of Hentz ; his figures are fully as good.
Walckenaer (Apt., IV, p. 561) puts these species in the genus 6/^a-
rassus f
Thomisus luctans Koch, Die Arachn., XII, p. 63, 1845.
Plainly Xysticus quadrilineatus Keys., and, of course, has priority.
The type comes from Pennsylvania.
186 Journal Nkw York Entomological Society. [VoMx.
Pachygnatha tristriata Koch and P. xanthostoma Kocli.
These are as McCook has them in his Amer. Spiders, Vol. III. The
types are from Pennsylvania.
Dolomedes scapularis Kocli, Die Arachn., XIV, p. 119, 1848.
This is Hentz's Z). sexpunctatiis, a young male; Hentz's name
dates from 1845. Type of Koch is from Pennsylvania.
Dolomedes aerugineus Koch.
The locality is given as "Amerika, " so probably not from the
United States. D. hinotatus is given as from " Nordamerika." I
cannot now place it ; apparently not Hentz's D. iirinator which also
has two spots on the cephalothorax.
Trochosa vafra Kocli, Die Arachn., XIV, p. 135, 1S48.
This is plainly Lycosa nidicola Emerton, the L. hclliio of Walck-
enaer, 1837. Locality is given as " Amerika. "
Masvia sulphurea AV//, Die Arachn., XIV, p. 71, 1848.
This is plainly the male of Wahx {A/ioka) mitrafiis Hentz. M.
pallida Koch is the female of the same species, as Peckham states.
Maevia tibialis Koch, Die Arach., XIV, p. 78, 1848.
It is Peckham's Admestina tibialis, as I have previously stated, and
has priority.
Maevia aurulenta Koch, Die Arach., XIV, p. 84, 1848.
It is the female of Iciiis elegans Hentz ; M. cristata Koch is the
male of the same species as stated by Peckham.
Maevia annulipes Koch, Die Arach., XIV, p. 80, 1848.
'This appears to be Astia vittafa Hentz ; M. peucillata Koch is the
dimorphic male {^Attiis nigcr Hentz) of the same species, as noted
by Peckham.
Euophrys amabilis I\och, Die Arach., XIII, ]). 215, 1846.
Not listed in Marx's "Catalogue." 'The type is from Pennsyl-
vania ; it appears to be the young of Phidippiis niftis Hentz.
Euophrys leucophaea Koch, Die Arach., XIII, p. 216, 1846.
The specimen ( ^ ) comes from Pennsylvania ; it appears to be
the Salticus borealis Blackwall, the Hasariiis hoyi Peckham, and
should now be called Ei-gane leiicophcea (Koch).
Dec, igoi.] BaNKS •, NOTES ON SOME SpIDERS. 187
Euophrys humilis Kocli, Die Arach., XIII, p. 217, 1846.
It appears to be an immature specimen of Phidippus ri/fi/s Hentz,
or some closely allied form.
Phidippus auctus Koch, Die Arach., XIII, p. 148, 1846.
This, in my opinion, is Phidippus iusolens Hentz ; Peckham has
considered it identical with Philicus riiiiafor Walck.
Phidippus testaceus Kodi, Die Arach., XIII, p. 160, 1846.
Plainly Phidippus rufus Hentz.
Phidippus electus Koch, Die Arach., XIII, p. 144, 1846,
This is P. alhomaculatus Keyserling, and has priority.
Phidippus concinnatus Kocii, Die Arach., XIII., p. 145, 1846.
It is P. audax Hentz.
Phidippus dubiosus and P. elegans Koch, Die Arach., Xlll, pp.
135 and 142, 1846, are both referable to /'. audax Hentz.
Phidippus insigniarius Koch, Die Arach., XIII, p. 130, 1846.
It is the male of P. iusoiens Hentz.
Phidippus paludatus Koch, Die Arach., XIII, p. 149, 1846.
Is a male of P. cardiualis Hentz.
Phidippus personatus Kocli, Die Arach., XIII, p. 141, 1846.
It is a young P. audax Hentz. Possibly some species referred to
P. audax were based on P. uiiuiatus Peckham, but one cannot tell
from these figures, but few of Koch's specimens came from far enough
south to be the latter species.
Phidippus castrensis Koch, Die Arach., XIII, p. 141, 1846.
This is a male of P. rufus Hentz.
Phidippus togatus Koch, Die Arach., XIII, ]). 129, 1846.
This is plainly P. obscurus Peckham, and has priority.
Phidippus carolinus Kocii, Die Arach., XIII, p. 136, 1846.
I cannot now place this species, which appears to have some afifin-
it)' with P. variegatus.
188 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. ix.
Attid/E of Keyserling.
Phidlppus purpuratus Keys., Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 1883,
p. 489.
The specimen from Maine must certainly be P. ai/dax Hentz.
The Utah si)ecimen may be different.
Phidippus albomaculatus Keys., ibid., p. 491.
Appears to be P. mystacctis without doubt.
Phidippus ruber Keys., ibid., p. 493.
Peckham has considered this identical with P. nifiis Hentz ; I
think it is certainly P. cardinalis Hentz, or the northern representa-
tive of that species.
Phidippus g:racilis Keys., ibid., p. 495.
Appears to be P. obsciinis Peck., which is a synonym of P. togatiis
Koch.
Phidippus clarus Keys., ibid., p. 497.
Belongs to the P. nifus group, and I think a true P. n/fi/s Hentz.
Phidippus pulcherrimus Keys., ibid., p. 492.
This is a good species ; I have it from Florida.
Phidippus bicolor Keys., ibid., p. 496.
This is a good species, and has been lately redescribed by Peck-
ham under the names of P. arde/is and P. ealifoniinis.
Wala albovittata Keys., ibid., p. 517.
This is leiiis palinaniin Hentz. The genus is, I think, distinct,
so that Anoka Peckham, proposed for a congeneric species, becomes a
synonym of Jl'a/a Keyserling.
Other Spiders.
Ariadne rubella Keys., Amer. Spinn., Fam. Pholcid. Scytod., u.
Dysderida;, 1877, p. 229.
This name is omitted from Dr. Mark's catalogue; it is from New
Orleans, and is the same as Hentz's Ariadne bieo/or.
Singa maculata Emeiion.
This name is preoccupied by Thorell in 1875 j ^ propose to call
it S. truncata.
Dec.igoi.] BeUTENMCLLER : LaRVA OF CaTOCAI.A ILl.KCTA. 189
Epeira incestifica Kns.
This is without doubt the same as Epeira corficaria Etnerton. I
have seen co-typical specimens.
Epeira bucardia McCook.
Typical specimens of this species prove to be Cyrtophoni californi-
ensis Keys., an Epeirid very common on the West Coast.
Larinia forata Keys., Die Spinn. Amer., IV, p. 295, 1893.
Type is the same as type of Larinia nigrofoliata Keys. It is an
Epeira as indicated by McCook in his plates, but not mentioned in
the text.
THE I.ARVA OF CATOCALA ILLECTA.
By William BeutenmCller.
Head pale violet gray, lower part yellowish ; four black, vertical
stripes on each lobe in front, not reaching the top ; on the triangular
frontal piece is also a black stripe, and one on the sides. On top are
two black spots. Mouth part and antennae yellowish, semitranslucent.
First segment above, including the cervical shield orange ; the latter
with two black dots, closely together in front ; hind edge with black
spots and three small ones on each side. Body tapering at the ends,
smooth, without lateral fringes, and with black and sordid white trans-
verse bands, giving the larva a very striking appearance. Below the
spiracles is a broad white stripe narrowing towards the first and last
segments. On each side of the body along the subdorsum are two
orange spots, the anterior pair closer together than the posterior pair.
On each of the second and third segments is a broad, orange, transverse
band. Along the sides is a row of orange red spots enclosing the
black spiracles. On the last segment all the spots become confluent.
Anal plates orange red, marked with a little black. Thoracic feet
black, semitranslucent, dull amber yellow inside. Abdominal legs
black outside, with a shining black corneous plate on each ; pinkish
inside. Underside of body with the transverse lines less defined ; the
light ones pinkish. Anal legs orange. Length, 50 mm.
Eood-plaiit : Honey locust (^Gleditschia iriacaiitlios).
The larva in the previous stage is very similar to the last. Re-
ceived from Mr. O. C. Poling, Quincy, Illinois.
190 Joi'RNAL New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
NOTE ON SESIA SIGMOIDEA.
Bv Louis H. Joutel.
The history and food-habits of Srs/a sigmoidra seem to be im-
perfectly understood as Mr. Beutenmiiller in his monograph of the
Sesiidse says of this species, " said to be found on willow, but we have
no definite knowledge of its breeding in this plant," so that these few
notes may be of interest.
Having need of some willow leaves I brought home a (ew plants
of Sa/i'x discolor and planted them in the garden. They were infested
in part by the imported Cryptofhynihus lapathi which I killed. No-
ticing some time after that a few of the branches were dying they were
examined for more weevils, but instead a Sesia larva was found at work
near the ground. A closer examination of the plants revealed several
more larvse. These were left at work and examined from time to time
to note progress. Late in August the larvpe pupated and shortly after
produced Sesia sigmoidca.
l.t^YLVK OF ISOCHyETES BEUTENMULLERI ON
STATEN ISLAND, N. Y.
By Louis H. Joutel.
This beautiful larva was rather strangely discovered on September
I, 1901, while collecting with Mr. Wm. T. Davis on Staten Island.
We sat down by the side of a wood path to eat lunch, and while
complaining of the lack of insects my attention was attracted to a
bluish patch on the ground in front of me. While looking at it I
thought that if 1 were in Florida or Washington I would take it (the
patch) for a larva of /. heutenmiillerioi which Dr. Dyar had shown me
examples. Finishing my lunch I decided to examine it, and was sur-
prised to find that it was the cast-off horns of that species. We im-
mediately looked overhead and discovered several larvae still feeding
on the Qnercus palustris under which we were sitting.
The recorded observations of this species other than the above are
as follows : A single female (the type) taken by Wm. Beutenmiiller in
Florida in 1887. Several larvse found by Dr. Dyar near Washington,
D. C, in 1898 from which he raised a male.
Dec.,i9oi.] Packard: A New Genus of Moths. 191
A SELF-DECORATING GEOMETRID LARVA.
By Louis H. Joutel.
While collecting beetles near Jamaica, N. Y., I noticed a little
mass of sand and dirt moving about. Not knowing what it could be
I picked it up, and in cleaning it 1 found a small Cieometrid larva ;
not suspecting that the larva had decorated itself, but that it had been
emeshed by a spider, I put the larva in a paper box, and was sur-
prised on opening the same at night to find that it had bitten off
small pieces of paper and fastened them to its body in place of the
sand I had taken off. I then took off most of the paper shreds and
placed it in a tin with leaves and the next morning it had a fine coat of
green shreds on its back. Since then it has always added to its orna-
ments as they were brushed off or lost. This habit is evidently a
means of protection and an excellent one at that, as no one would ever
suppose that the small mass of refuse contained a caterpillar.
A NEW GENUS OF SPHINGICAMPID MOTHS
ALLIED TO BUN^A.
By a. S. Packard.
This genus is proposed for Buncca pluediisa (Drury) and may be
named LobobuiKxa in allusion to the slight lobe on the inner angle of
the hind wings. This well known species inhabits western and central
Africa. What other species of Biincea should be associated with it
could not be stated until their venation has been examined. Un-
fortunately I have only a male for examination, but the female is
represented as very similar in form and markings. I regard Buncea
alcynoe (Stoll) (/?. caffra Huebner) as the type of Bit/nea.
Head wider than in BuncEa. Antennje not so wide as in Buncca, and the end
is subfiliform, with very short pectinations for a distance nearly equal to width of the
entire antenna ; joints .short and thick, two pairs of pectinations to a joint and those
of the distal pair are as long as the basal ones. Palpi larger and longer than in
Butura and the third joint reaches to the front, passing slightly beyond it. Thorax
with a definite collar, the prothoracic squamation being more distinct than usual.
Forelegs long and stout, tibia of $ with a naked, probably odoriferous, sack, like tha
present in certain Deltoid moths, on the under side two-thirds as long as the tibia
itself, and the scales separate from it, leaving it naked and easily seen from beneath.
192 Joi'RNAL New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
Forewings large and broad, costa straiglit on the basal half, but beyond much curved,
so that the wing is falcate ; outer edge more deeply excavated than in Bunaa. Hind
wings much more rounded at the apex and inner edge distinctly produced into a
rounded lobe, which projects slightly inward. The hind wings do not reach the end
of the abdomen, having nearly the same relative length as in Bunaa.
\'enation : The present genus differs remarkably from BuncEa in Vem II j (first
subcostal), arising opposite the middle of the discal cell, and within the origin of
the common stalk of veins III,, IIIj (or subcostal branches 5 and 6). In the hind
wings the discal cell is shorter and wider than in Buncea, and the hind edge of the
wing is much more elongated, as also vein VII. There are minor differences in the
venation, which can only be shown by figures.
Markings : A very small half round transparent discal spot on the forewings ;
on those of the hinder pair a very large ocellus, which is nearly opake, and larger
than in Bunaa. The discal spots of both wings are represented beneath by a sort
of rosette.
THE l^P^^^VK OF HOMOPTERA EDUSA.
By William Beutenmullrr.
Head rounded, flat and concave in front ; pinkish and thickly
covered with whitish markings in form of irregular spots and stripes
which are contiguous ; on each side in front is a brown black, irreg-
ular vertical band, on which are placed clusters of minute whitish
dots on top. Body color whitish, thickly covered with black and
fleshy brown irrorations, giving it a dark gray appearance. Along
each side of the back is a broad, irregular shade line, and another on
each side along the spiracles ; a bright orange mark above, on the
junctions of the fourth and fifth segment, and a smaller one on the
fifth and sixth segments. The eleventh segment is elevated, with two
blunt tubercular-like processes, edged with pale ochreous. Tubercles
small. Underside sordid white with pinkish dots and a black patch
on each segment from the first to ninth, thence continued as a broad
band to the last segment. Thoracic feet translucent white, marked
with pink. Abdominal legs translucent greenish white, dotted with
pinkish. The body gradually becomes wider towards the last seg-
ments. Length, 55 mm.
Fcwd plant : Willow.
In general appearance this larva looks very much like that of a
Catocala and may be readily known by the orange patches on the
junctions of the fourth, fifth, and fifth and sixth segments.
Dec.igoi.] Beutenmui.ler : On LonoisuN.+'.A Ph.kdisa.
193
NOTES ON THE EARLIER STAGES OF LOBOBU-
NJEA PH^DUSA.
By William Beutenmuller.
(Plate XII.)
In connection with the preceding article on page 191 by Dr. A. S.
Packard the following brief notes on the egg, larva and pupa of Lobo-
buncea phci'dtisa may be of interest:
The egg (Fig. 4) is finely and regularly reticulated, and measures
3 mm. in length and 2.25 mm. in width. The color is dirty white
and banded longitudinally with brown. Laid early in May, in clusters
on the under surface of a leaf. The fully grown larva (Fig. 5) is
robust with the last segments somewhat smaller than the anterior. In
life the color is probably green or yellowish green with the margins of
Lobobunaa phiedusa. I, pupa ; 2. last segment showing two openings ; 3,
underside of last segment and anal process ; 4, eggs.
the anal plates and cervical shield orange. The dorsal parts of each
segment, except the last, are prominently elevated with a depression
on each elevation. Along the sides below the spiracles is a prominent
fold, broken at the junctions of the segments. The spiracles are large,
and the tubercles are very short and inconspicuous. In length it
measures about 95 mm.
194
Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
The pupa (Fig. i ) is large and robust, with a curved ridge on the
anterior part of the thorax. The anal process (Fig. 3) is long, com-
pressed at the base above and below. Anal segment has two oblong
apertures above (Fig. 2).
The imago (Plate XII) measures about 7.75 inches across the
fore wings. It is of a gray-brown color with the black eye-like spot
on the hind wing surrounded with a brick red and a pinkish white
ring. On the fore wing is a small glass-like mark and another in the
black eye-spot on the hind wings.
5. Larva of Lobolmuica plutditsa.
Specimens of the eggs, larva (alcoholic), pupa-cases and imagos
are in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History.
These were donated by Mr. William Schaus. The figures were kindly
drawn by Mr. L. H. Joutel.
HABITS OF EUDiEMONIA BRACHYURA.
By William Beutenmuller.
In a letter from Mr. A. J. Clements, Sierra Leone, Africa, to Mr.
William Schaus, the following notes on the habits of Euiicemonia
bracJiyiira were taken. "The food-plant is a tree which does not
seem to attain any great size, but this may be for lack of opportunity,
as the bush on which it occurs has been of recent growth. It is
Dialium i:^iiinee>ise Willd., belonging to the Leguminosae. The only
near ally likely to be available as a food plant is Ceratonea siligica of
the Mediterranean coast. The larvje feed gregariously and are of a
Dec, 1901.] Proceedings of the Society. 195
brownish green with black spines. The eggs are laid on the young
green stems at the top of the tree, and the pupae are found under the
food-tree, lying on the surface beneath leaves. The imago emerges
in the beginning of March, this being evidently their season ; since
then a few have emerged at intervals, but most of them dwarfed. A
very large percentage are stung by an ichneumon."
Notes on the larvae of this species and E. argiphonfes, and figures
of the moths of both species, were published by me in Volume V,
p. 166, and plates XI and XII of this Journal.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMO-
LOGICAL SOCIETY.
Meetinc. of June 4, 1901.
Held at the American Museum of Natural History. President Beutenmiiller
presiding. Seven members and one visitor present.
Mr. Beutenmiiller exhibited a number of Catocala larvoe and called attention to
some structural characters by means of which the larvae may be divided into three
groups, viz.: i. With a process or elevation on the 8th segment. 2. Without a proc-
ess or elevation on the 8th segment. To the first group belongs C. cam, neogaina,
amatrix, grynea, ultrouia, paleogama, innubciis, paria, etc., and to the second
group, C. consors, ha^ia, piatrix, illegia, t?tuHercuhi and antituynipha. He further
stated that the second group could again be divided into two groups, with filaments
or without filaments, along the sides of the body. To the latter group belong, C.
arnica, Judith and habilis. He also states that the shapes and markings of the heads
of the different species are very different, and afford good specific characters. In
raising larvae Mr. Beutenmiiller said that by wrapping a wet sponge, cotton or rags
around the stems of the food-plants the same could be kept fresh for a greater length
of time and was preferable to the custom of putting the stems in wet sand or water,
in the latter case the larvte often get drowned, especially the night-feeding Catocala
larvce which leave their food-plants at dawn, to seek a hiding place at the base of
the plant.
Mr. Schaeffer exhibited a small collection of beetles collected by Mr. .Seifert in
Florida.
Mr. Watson showed some fresh specimens of Thecla damon, and stated that the
species was double brooded, the first brood appearing in April and the second in
July. He said that the markings on the underside of the hind wings of the second
brood were paler than those of the first brood. Mr. Watson also exhibited some
larvae of Lycatia pseudargiolus and Melitcea pliceton and said that the latter feed very
readily on Plantago as well as other plants. Mr. Beutenmiiller remarked that he had
raised this species on fern.
Mr. Barber spoke on a scheme for recording exact localities of captures of in-
sects. After discussion the meeting adjourned until October 1st.
l'J6 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
Meeting of October i, 1901.
Held at the American Museum of Natural History. Vice-President Kearfott in
the chair. Eight members and two visitors present.
Mr. Frank W. Holms was elected an active member of the Society.
The matter relating to the advisability of holding one meeting a month wa^ dis-
cussed, but no definite action was taken.
Mr. Joutel recorded the capture of the caterpillars of Isochatei heultnniiiUeri on
Staten Island, N. V. (see ante, p. 190).
Mr. Schaeffer exhibited specimens of Xylophilus mehheitneri, piceus, taken by
him in the Highlands, N. J. He said that these species are generally rare in collec-
tions, which is due to the peculiar habits of the same. When beaten from branches
into the umbrella they are difficult to detect amongst the rubbish. They remain mo-
tionless for a few seconds, and suddenly take flight. X. sub/asciatus and fasciatus,
which were also taken, are comparatiuely slow and can be readily seen and bottled.
A', melsheimei'i was taken only on hickory, X. piceus on oak, X. fasciatus and sub-
fasciatus on dogwood. The last two species are common and always found in com-
pany with the Staphylinid, Palaminiis tistaceus. He also showed a specimen of
Cafius sericeus taken at Highlands, N. J., this being the first record of its occurrence
in New Jersey. The very rare PsammcEcus desjardinsi, known from the Madeira
Islands and in North America from Oregon to California, was taken by him in his
home, resting on a piece of white cloth. A collection of local Cioidae was also exhib-
ited by Mr. Schaeffer. After discussion, adjournment.
Meeting of October 15, 1901.
Held at the American Museum of Natural History. President Beutennuiller in
the chair. Eight members and four visitors present.
A letter from Mr. Joseph Kittel was read, inviting the members of the Society to
visit his property, the "Herbert Domain," in Tennessee, which he thought would
prove to be a good collecting ground. On motion, a vote of thanks was extended to
Mr. Kittel.
The advisability of holding one meeting a month was again discussed, but all
the members present were in favor of holding two meetings.
Mr. Beutenmiiller spoke on some Catocala larvae which he raised during the past
summer. He stated that it was rather impossible to separate the larvae of C. t?iulier-
ctda and C. badia, though the imagos are very distinct. He further stated that the
larvae of C. badia, muliercula, antinympha and censors were day feeders, which is
contrary to the habits of many of the other species of the genus, which feed at night.
Colored drawings of a number of species, as well as a collection of Catocalas, from
Dr. William Barnes, were exhibited.
Mr. Joutel spoke on a Geometrid caterpillar, which has the peculiar habit of cov-
ering itself with grains of sand or the like, and suggest that this habit may be a means
of protection for the larva (see ante, p. 191 ).
Mr. Schaeffer recorded the capture of the larva of Ceratomia catalpa at Lakehurst,
N. J. Mr. Beutenmiiller called attention to the social habits of the larvse of this
species, and stated that it would undoubtedly before long extend its range northward.
Dr. Van Dyke said that the larvae of Philampeliiis vitis in California had similar
habits to catalpa.
Dec, I90I.] Proceedings of the Society. 197
Mr. Schaeffer exhibited a specimen of Matispa brnnnea taken in Lakehurst, N. J. ,
and a specimen of Ti achykcle blondeli from P'resno Co., Cal.
Mr. Lyon spoke on the larva of Se/atuiria caryic, which is covered with long
filaments of a waxy secretion.
Meeting of November 19, 1901.
Held at the American Museum of Natural History.
Mr. William Beutenmiiller, president, in the chair, and fifteen members and
four visitors present.
The secretary being absent at the opening of the meeting, on motion of Mr.
joutel duly seconded Mr. Weeks was appointed secretary //tj (em.
The minutes of the last meeting were read and approved. The secretary read
the name of Mr. J. R. de la Torre Bueno of No. 437, Central Park West, proposed by
Mr. Beutenmiiller as an active member.
Mr. Joutel proposed Dr. James D. Needham, of Lake Forest University, Lake
Forest, Illinois, as a corresponding secretary.
A letter from Dr. N. L. Britton, secretary of the council of the Scientific Alliance
of New York, addressed to the secretaiy of the Society was read giving notice that in
pursuance of article 7 of the constitution a total assessment of $200 had been levied
upon all the societies and that the amount apportioned to the Entomological Society
was 57, payable to Dr. E. G. Love, treasurer of the Council, and that payment
might be made in installments, if preferable, of $3.50, one before Jan. I, 1902, and
the other before April i, 1902.
On motion of Mr. Weeks, duly seconded, the treasurer was authorized to pay
the sum of ;?7, the amount of the assessment due from the Society.
Mr. Beutenmiiller reported that he had received a letter from Mrs. Slosson
which was accompanied by specimens of lepidoptera for disposal at the annual auction
sale to be held by the Society, and on motion of Mr. Weeks, the secretary was di-
rected to express to Mrs. Slosson the thanks of the Society therefor.
Mr. Beutenmiiller stated that at the next meeting he would have ready for in-
spection by the members the various publications received as exchanges and that it
would be necessary to appoint a committee to take charge of the same and also of
such as might be received hereafter.
Dr. Edwin J. Van Dyke, of San Franci.sco, California, then spoke upon the sub-
ject of the evening, " Observations upon the Faunal Regions of California from the
standpoint of a Coleopterist." California is some 800 miles in length by 200 in
width and is naturally divided longitudinally into three sections by the Coast Range
and the Sierra Nevadas. The latter have an altitude of some 6,000 to 15,000 feet
and form a boundary between the arid lands of the eastern portion and the greater
bulk of the two western portions. These arid lands widen at the south by reason of
the western trend of the Sierras and here include the valleys of Mono, Owen's and
Death and portions of the Mojave and Colorado deserts. The Coast Range practi-
cally ends at Santa Barbara, although the islands directly south may have originally
formed a continuation before submergence of the intervening territory. The altitude
of this range varies from 1,000 to 10,000 feet, the latter height chiefly obtaining in
the north. This range constitutes the dividing line between the narrow belt of coast
108 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. ix.
and this great valley region, which is enclosed at both the northern and southern ends
by transverse ranges. Through breaks in the Coast Range, flow two large rivers into
San Francisco Bay.
Chronologically, the Sierras are older than the Rocky Mountains, California ex-
isting when the Great Basin region was a vast inland sea. It was also much less
subjected to glacial influences, thus permitting the survival of much of the ancient
fauna. Contiguity to the ocean of a land of such great variation in topography
naturally causes much diversity of climate. Four distinct climatic areas are recognized,
viz.: the coast, interior valley, Sierra or higher mountain, and desert or semi-desert.
The climate of the coast is tempered by the Japan current, and is cool and even ; that
of the valley (600 miles in length) is warm in summer, but without rain, and the re-
verse in winter ; that of the Sierra mild and dry in summer with little rain, but
severe in winter ; and that of the desert intensely hot and dry in summer, and dry and
mild or cold in winter, varying with the altitude. We find Dr. Merriam's theory that
there are traces of two distinct insect faunas, one derived from the Boreal and the
other from the Sonoran regions corroborated by the fact that among the coleoptera
identical or affiliated forms and species indigenous to the Boreal region occur more
frequently as wc go northward with like result as regards the Sonoran as we go south-
ward, representatives of both faunas overlapping. Contributions from the Alaskan
Maritime region also prevail along the coast belt, certain species even occurring as
far south as San Francisco, but in no case east of the Coast Range. In the northern
elevated section between and including the Coast Range and the .Sierras are found
representatives of the so-called Canadian fauna and these often follow the ranges even
to Lower California. It is probable that among the highest Sierras could be found
examples or affiliated forms of the Hudsonian, timber line and Arctic faunas. The
fauna of that portion of the Colorado desert within the State lying east of the San
Bernardino Mountains and including the counties of San Diego, San Bernardino and
the southern part of Inyo is distinctly Sonoran.
Immediately north lies the subregion of the Sonoran (so termed by Dr. Mer-
riam) also known as the subregion of the Great Basin, including the larger part of
Inyo, all of Mono, the larger portions of Modoc and Lassen and a small part of Plu-
mas. Here Acmceodei-a, Asida and EUodes abound.
The California faunal region proper includes practically all the lowlands of the
State, the fertile valleys of southern California and the extensive valleys of the San
Joaquin and Sacramento, the lesser valleys along the coast and the foothills bordering
them. The fauna prevailing throughout these portions are so affiliated with Sonoran
forms, particularly toward the south as to warrant the designation of such portions as
Sonoran sub-regions, and by the extension of these forms into the foothills where
they have interbred with Boreal types through a series of ages genera characteristic of
both parent regions have been evolved. Omus, Brenmis (a cychrid subgenus),
Metrius, Promecognathus, PUocoma and Rosalia with others while more or less re-
lated to anjacent northern forms probably developed from a rich circumpolar fauna
under the influence of adaptation to environment. Omus occurs rather generally
throughout the state, and Metrius and Protnecognathiis similarly but less frequently in
the moist timber belt of the Coast Range, although an Alpine variety of Metritis is
found in the .Sierras, and Brenmis is confined to the coast. Many other exainjiles
Dec, igoi.l PROCEEDINGS OF THE SoClETY. 199
of restricted location could be given. In earlier periods California was more isolated
particularly from the Sonoran region and northern influences prevailed. Then such
genera as Omus and Plcocoma became first established. Subsequently a few southern
forms such as Coniontis and its congeners gained access. These constituted the old
California fauna, but when the southern isolation ceased, followed by the invasion
of Sonoran forms, a new or later fauna was developed. This theory is partially
supported by the fact that in the islands off the coast and in certain still isolated areas
are faunas which are largely sui generis, and typical of the old California fauna above
described. A better knowledge of the hitherto unexplored adjacent regions is re
quired however before a satisfactory determination of the origin of species can be
reached. Enough has been said however to demonstrate of how little value is the
mere designation of material as Californian-North American would be nearly as de-
finite.
On motion of Dr. Love, duly seconded a vote of thanks was extended to Dr.
Van Dyke for his instructive and entertaining remarks. Dr. Van Dyke, in response
to questions from the members, gave much valuable information relating to localities,
the distribution and character of the native vegetation, and the occurrence and meth-
ods of capture of lepidoptera and coleoptera derived from his extensive experience
in collecting in nearly every county of the State.
On motion the meeting then adjourned.
Meetinc. of December 3, 1901.
Held at the American Museum of Natural History, New York.
President Beutenmiiller, in the chair. Eight members and two visitors present.
The minutes of the last meeting read and approved.
Mr. J- N. de la Torre Bueno was elected an active member of the Society.
Dr. E. C. Van Dyke, Oakland, Calif., and Mr. H. C. Fall, Pasadena, Calif.,
were proposed for corresponding mem.bership by Mr. Schaeffer.
The resignation of Miss Valpey was read and accepted.
After discussion it was decided that an auction sale of insects be held on the
second meeting of the Society in January, 1902.
The publications received in exchange for the Journal were exhibited and the
advisability of appointing a librarian was discussed, but no definite action was taken.
Mr. Seifert exhibited a beautiful series of Olene leucophcea which he raised from
the eggs collected by him in Florida. Mr. Schaeffer showed a series of ten species
of Oxyporus and stated that he had on some occasion expressed his doubts, as to the
validity of O. fasciattis, taking it to be a color variety of O. vittatiis, but finding a
number of specimens amongst the extensive materials collected by Mr. Beutenmiiller,
in the Black Mts., N. C, which agree perfectly with the description of O. inttattis :
he said that we may have to restore Gravenhorst's name cindits to the form, with dark
head, thorax and abdomen, of which O. fasciatiis seems to be a variety. He also
exhibited two species of Derohrachus forrcri , one without locality and one from thc
Hy. Edwards collection from Lower California, as D. getninatus. It is very distinct
from geminatits, by the much longer antenna?, with the joints comparatively more
slender and longer, the very approximate eyes, the narrower neck, the spinose apex
of the elvtra and other characters.
200 Journal New York Entomolocical Society. [Voi. ix.
Mr. Schaeffer also exhibited a new species of the Scynutnid genus Luphioderes,
collected by Mr. Beutenmiiller in North Carolina and hitherto only known from the
Pacific Coast.
Mr Watson recorded the abundance of Catopsilia eubiile in New York City,
during the past season.
Mr. Beutenmiiller announced the death of the well-known lepidopterist, Dr.
Herman Strecker, of Reading, Pa.
After discussion, adjournment.
HERMAN STRECKER, Ph.D.
It is with the deepest feelings of sorrow that we have to announce
the death of the great veteran lepidopterist, Herman Strecker, Ph.D.,
at his home in Reading, Pa., at 7:40 a. m., November 30, 1901. He
was stricken with apoplexy shortly after leaving his place of business
on November 29th and lingered unconscious until he passed into the
great beyond.
Dr. Strecker was born in Philadelphia, Pa., March 24, 1836, and
received his early education in the public schools of Reading, Pa.,
which was his home from the time he was eleven years old until his
death. He was a sculptor by profession and to this he devoted most
of his days but as a recreation he spent his nights and holidays in the
collection of lepidoptera. His collection is the largest, most valuable
and in every way the most remarkable private collection of lepidoptera
on the American continent. Dr. Strecker described several hundred
of new species the types of which are all in his collection as well as
many types of species described by other authors. His book on
" Lepidoi)tera, Rhopaloceres and Heteroceres, Indigenous and Exotic,
1872-1877," was published under difficulties. It was illustrated with
fifteen colored plates. He saved enough to buy a lithographic stone
and then drew and engraved upon it a group of butterflies or moths.
This was sent to Philadelphia and the plates printed from it. In this
way the stone travelled to and from Philadelphia until the plates were
all finished and the book issued. Fifteen parts and four supplements
have been published of this work. In consideration of his scientific
knowledge Franklin and Marshall College, some years ago, conferred
upon him the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. He leaves a widow,
son and daughter.
W.M. BEUTENMiJLLER.
Index to Volume IX.
Abantiades hyalinata,
162
errans,
141
A.stia vittata,
186
Acanthiptera, 134
, 142
fill gens,
140
Atherigona,
135
Achrosea grisella,
166
leucostoma,
139
quadripunctata,
142
Acrjea andromac)ia,
150
hiiaris,
158
Atomogaster,
13s
Acroptena,
134
moerens,
140
macquartii,
142
simonyi,
142
occulta.
138
Attus cunctatoi ,
183
Acyglossa,
134
ornata,
137
milbertii,
183
diversa,
142
pertusa.
137
morsitans,
183
Adia,
134
pluvialis,
142
' niger,
186
oralis,
145
prwpotens,
139
signatus,
'83
Admestina tibialis,
186
semicinerea,
138
Azelia,
135
Adoxophyes conditana.
169
sepia,
136
macquartii,
142
Aedes smithii,
177
triquetra.
135
Banks, N., article by,
182
^geria, genus of, 134
145
varia,
135
Batrachedra arenosella,
176
^geria tipuliformis,
154
varicolor,
135
Beutenmiiller, W. , arti-
^thria analis, sp. nov..
42
Anthomyza,
135
cles by, 87, 88, 89
90,
Agathodes designalis,
aculeipes,
141
147, 189, 192, 193,
194,
larva,
82
annosa.
141
195
Aganisthos odius, larva.
78
ciliatocosta,
136
Bainvillia,
135
Aganais nesophora,
155
Anthersea eucalypti,
177
palpata.
144
Agarista agricola,
155
janetta,
160
Bombiloides jamaicen-
contortus,
15s
Antithesia phyllanth-
sis, sp. nov.,
40
donavani,
155
ana,
168
xanthogastroides, sp.
glycinre,
154
Aminta, 135
145
nov..
40
latinus,
155
Apaustus agraulia,
152
Bombyx lewineas.
162
tristificus,
155
Apina callisto.
157
Botanophila varicolor.
145
Aglaosoma variegata.
157
Apoda infrequens.
158
Brachyophyra,
135
Alaria fiorida, larva.
90
Aphodius longulus,
94
effrons,
142
Alleostylus,
135
Aphonia latra,
166
Brachylabis,
135
sudeticus,
146
Ariadne bicolor.
188
flaveola.
145
Allognota,
135
rubella,
188
Bucculatrix eucalypti.
175
agromyzella,
142
Arctia intermedia, larva
25
Bunsea alcynoe,
191
Anchmis composita,
165
Ardices fulvohirta,
156
caffra.
191
Andrena bicolor, habits
Argadesa materna,
163
Caccecia alopecana,
169
of,
38
ArgyraMdes vespina, sp.
australana,
167
bipunctata,
133
nov..
42
excessana,
169
carlini.
^33
Argyrodes nephila.',
184
postvittana,
167
dunningi,
^33
trigonum,
184
responsana.
167
hippotes,
133
Aricia,
135
Caligula eucalypti.
159
placida.
^33
albescens. 137,
138
intermedia.
160
viola, habits of,
37
albitarsis,
136
Callicotis crucifera,
177
vicina, 37,
^33
hirtela.
141 1
Caloryctis subparallela,
176
Anoka,
188
impuncta,
144
Caricea trigrina, 135,
142
Anthomyia,
135
lacteipennis.
136
Carpocapsa pomonella.
168
alma,
139
macquartii,
135,
Cassida nebulosa,
94
allotalla.
135
surda.
139
Castaneira bivittata.
185
apicalis.
138
trollii,
136
Catocala arnica.
195
cunctans,
138
Arotrophora arcuatalis,
167
amatrix.
195
crassirostris,
139
xythopterana,
167
antinympha,
195
dissecta.
137
Aspilia allotalla,
145
badia, 195,
197
erratica.
140
Asthena subpurpureata.
165
cara,
195
202
Journal New York Entomological Society.
consors,
195
grynea,
195
habilis,
195
illecta,
189
innubens,
195
Judith,
195
muliercula, 195,
197
mariana,
94
neogama,
195
paleogama,
195
parta,
195
ultronia,
195
Catopsilia gorgonophe,
149
pyranthe.
149
scylla,
149
Caudell, A. X., articl
e
by,
I
Cebysa conflictella,
157
felderi,
157
Centrocero,
135
decipiens,
142
Centropseustes astropora
'16s
Ceramedia cuprea, sp
nov.,
42
Ceratomia catalpa,
196
amyntor,
88
Cerophytum pulsator,
94
Ceroprepes almella,
165
Ceruia australis,
159
Chalia tristis, sp. nov.,
45
vigasi, sp. nov.,
45
Charadrella,
136
macrosoma,
142
Charaxes sempronius,
151
Chelepteryx collesii.
160
Chelesia,
136
monilis,
142
Chiastocheta,
136
trollei,
142
Chirosia,
136
albitarsis,
142
montana,
141
Chcerocampa eiotus,
153
celeria.
153
nessus,
153
oldenlandise,
153
pallicosta,
154
pinastrina,
153
scrofa,
153
Chloe,
136
Chortophila,
136
angusta,
141
cnesia,
141
floccosa,
137
lasiophthalma,
138
sepia,
145
Choreutis bjerkandrella,
170
Choristomma, 136
pokornyi, 143
Cibyra brunnea, sp. nov. , 77
dorita, sp. nov., 76
dormita, sp. nov., 77
poltrona, sp. nov., 77
Cicindela longilabris, 27
limbalis, 28
repanda, 28
vulgaris, 28
Cidaria deltoidata, 164
Cimbotoma, 1 36
floricola, 143
Cinochira, 136
atra, 143
Clania lewinii, 158
tenuis, 158
Cockerell, T. D. A.,
article by, 132
Coelomyia, 136
mollissima, 143
Ccenosia, 136
albicornis, 138
agromyzella, 135
decipiens, 135
dubia, 137
geniculata, 143
monilis, 136
sexmaculata, 136
Cn'quosa australasi?e, 154
triangularis, 154
Coeysra dichroella, 174
Colletes carlini, 133
compacta, 30
dunningi, 133
hippotes, 133
inajqualis, 132, 134
placida, 133
thoracica, 1 32, 134
vicina, 133
Coquillett, D.W., articles
by, 85, 134
Conogethespunctiferalis, 166
Coremia inamcoenaria, 165
robustaria, 1 65
Corinna angulata, 1 85
amoena, 185
tricolor, 1S5
Coriscium ochridorsel-
lum, 175
Cosmosoma tlavita, sp.
nov., 41
Cosmotricha exposita, 160
Cosmostyla, 136
rufiventris, 144
Costria, gen. nov., 46
arpi, sp. nov,, 47
corita, sp. nov., 46
discopuncta, sp. nov.
> 4S
elegans, sp. nov.,
47
maruga, sp. nov..
46
striolata,
47
Cryptophaga albicosta.
171
balteata.
171
bipunctata,
171
delvcentra.
170
dolerastis.
171
epadelpha.
171
immaculata.
170
impunctata.
170
irrorata,
171
leucodelpha,
171
hierastis.
170
lurida,
170
pultensese.
170
rubescens,
170
spilonota,
171
strigata.
171
stochastis.
170
Crosimus obesulus,
94
Ctenucha mortia, sp.nov
•,44
Cychrus snowii.
91
Cydosia submutata.
81
Cyrtophora californiensis
,189
Cuculla, 136,
144
Culex confinis.
178
territans.
177
Daecke, E., article by,
26
Dalaca basirubra, sp.
nov..
76
tesselloides, sp. nov.,
76
Danaus chrysippus.
149
jamaicensis.
80
plexippus,
149
Danima banksise, 159,
177
Daphnis horsfieldii,
153
hypothous,
153
Darala acuta.
160
censors.
160
ocellata.
160
Dasypodia selenophora.
163
Declana floccosa,
165
Delia, 136,
145
floricola,
136
Delias aganippi.
149
harpalyce,
149
nigrina.
149
Dendrophila,
136
hilaris.
143
Desniia tages.
22
Dexiopsis,
136
lacteipennis.
143
Dialyta,
136
erinacea,
143
Dichogama amabilis,
20
bergii,
21
INDEX.
203
Dichiomodes orectis,
164
Epiblema ochraceana, Sf
.
Eustalomyia,
137
iJiptilon aterea, sp. nov.
42
nov..
51
hilaris,
143
Diptychophora elaina,
166
perplexana, sp. nov..
51
Eutane Jydia,
156
Discophlebia catoca-
Epicorsia mellinalis,
21
terminalis.
156
lina,
161
Epicrocis terebrans,
166
Eiithisanotia timaris,
81
Doane, R., article by,
97
Epinephele abeona,
150
Eutrichota,
137
Dodia, gen. nov.,
S5
Epyaxa rosaria,
165
inornata,
144
albertfe, sp. nov.,
85
Erechtias acontistes,
175
Evergastis dyaralis, sp
Doleschallia herrichia,
150
mystacinella,
175
nov.,
49
Dolichogaster,
136
Eremomyia,
137
Fannia,
137
americana,
146
humeralis,
143
scalaris,
143
Dolomedes cerugineus,
186
Eresia frisia,
So
Fellaria,
137
binotatus,
186
Ereunetis inloptera.
167
urban a.
144
scapularis,
186
Ergane leucophKa,
186
Fernald, C. H., articl
e
sexpunctatus,
186
Erioischia,
137
by,
49
urinator,
186
floccosa.
145
Fox, W. J., article by,
83
Doratifera casta,
157
Eriopoda,
137
Fucellia,
137
chrysochroa,
157
ornata.
143
fucorum,
143
lewinii,
157
Eriostyla,
137
Galleria mellonella.
166
longerans,
157
dubia.
143
Gastrolepta,
137
vulnerans,
157
Eriphia,
137
coarctata,
144
Drymeia,
136
cinerea,
146
Givira, gen. nov..
48
hamata,
143
montanus.
138
polybioides, sp. nov..
48
Duomitus jamaicensis,
Eucereon lerioides, sp.
phalia, sp. nov..
73
sp. nov.,
46
nov.,
44
watsoni, sp. nov..
73
mathani, sp. nov.,
45
marcata, sp. nov..
43
Gonodonta incurva,
81
pyracmonides, sp.
mathani, sp. nov.,
44
Gracillaria alysidota,
174
nov.,
45
trinita, sp. nov..
44
argyrodesma.
173
Dyar, H. G., articles by.
19,
Eucosma lineana, sp.
callicella,
174
24, 25, 84, 85, 177,
179
nov.,
50
coenotheta.
173
Dynastes grantii.
91
Eucro.stis argocrana,
164
chionoplecta.
173
tityus.
91
Euaemia caminata.
176
didymella,
^73
Egeria, 136,
145
Eudsemonia brachyura,
194
ide,
174
Eginia,
136
Eudemis botrana,
168
linearis.
173
cylindrica.
144
Eudoxyla diervillei.
161
toxomacha.
174
Egle, 137
142
Eugivira, gen. nov.,
n
tricuneatella,
173
Elodina angulipennis,
14S
carisca, sp. nov..
74
thalassias.
174
Epeira anniilipes.
185
durangona, sp. nov.,
74
Gymnogaster,
137
balanstina.
146
nudaria, sp. nov..
75
dissecta,
145
benjamina.
184
pallidicosta, sp. nov.,
75
Gymna'ciajdirce,
79
bucaridia.
189
pardana, sp. nov.,
75
Hadena devastatrix.
90
cauta.
184
plagiata, sp. nov..
75
lignifurea.
164
circulata.
184
quandra, sp. nov.,
74
Ilalictus, sp. ,
39
conspicillata,
185
sabulosa, sp. nov..
74
Halithea,
137
corticaria.
189
Euophrys amabilis,
186
fucorum,
143
domicilionim, 184,
185
humilis.
187
Hammomyia,
X37
gigas,
185
leucoph?ea,
186
albescens.
143
graduata.
184
Euphemia,
137
Harris, E. D., article
incestifica,
189
lasta,
145
by-.
27
insularis, 184,
185
Eupithecia indicataria,
165
Hasarius hoyi,
186
jaspidea.
185
Euplexia insignis.
164
Hebecneraa,
»37
obesa.
185
Eupla?a corinna,
149
umbratica.
145
trifolium.
185
Eupselia satrapella.
167
Helina,
137
Ephestia elutella.
166
Euptoieta Claudia,
79
pertusa.
144
interpunctella,
165
Europs pallipennis.
94
Heliocausta ekieodes,
174
sericaria,
166
Eurota minerva, sp. nov.
, 41
eudora,
174
Ephestiodes gilvescen-
Euryomma,
137
hemiteles.
174
tella,
86
hispaniense.
143
incarnatella.
'73
204
Journal New York. Entomological Society.
l);iialvri^is,
174
Isochretes beuteiiniiiller
,
carolineiisis, 183
184
seiva.
173
190
196
communis,
183
Ileliothis armigera,
163
Jalmenes evagoras,
152
gulosa,
184
jieltigera,
163
Joutel, L. H., articles by,
helluo, 181
186
Heliostibes atychioides
190, 191
196
lenta,
183
166
Junonia genovera.
79
railberti, 183, 184
186
Hemaris hylas,
153
velleda,
150
mordax,
183
Hera,
^31
Langsdortia coresa, sp.
nidicola.
184
mikii,
145
nov.,
75
nigroventris,
183
Herpyllus ornata,
185
Lampedes alsulus,
151
philadelphiana.
184
Hesperilla ornata,
152
cnejus.
151
rabida.
183
picta,
152
phaseli,
151
riparia.
184
Heterochroa iphicla,
78
Larentia semisignata,
165
saggitta,
183
Hippolyte rubropunc-
corcularia,
165
ssetula.
183
taria,
165
Larinia nigrofoliata.
189
sayi, 183
184
Holochila absimilis,
151
forata,
189
Mach;i?ritis calligenes.
174
erinus.
152
Lasiops,
138
salignes.
173
heathii.
151
hirticeps,
144
Macrobathra argonota,
171
Holocola thalassiana.
168
senescens,
138
anemodes,
172
triangulana,
168
Leucophora,
138
alternatella.
172
Homalomyia,
^37
Leucania, sp. ,
163
ceraunobola.
172
Homoeosoma mucidel-
Leucophora albescens,
143
chrysotoxa.
172
lum.
85
Leucomelina,
138
desmotoma,
171
Hoplogaster,
137
pica.
144
leucopeda,
172
mollicula.
142
Lichenaula choriodes.
173
myriophthalma.
172
Homoptera edusa.
192
lichenea.
172
nephelomorpha,
172
Hyaleucereon lugubris,
tuberculata.
173
porphyra.
172
sp. nov.,
44
undulatella.
173
rhodosphila.
172
Hybernia boneophil-
Limnophora,
138
Macroneme nordina, sp
aria.
165
surd a.
144
nov..
41
Hydrophoria,
138
Limnrecia phragmitella.
177
sura, sp. nov.,
41
Hydrotcea,
1^,8
Limnosia,
138
Macrochis,
139
dentipes,
143
albicornis,
143
meditata.
144
floccosa,
139
Lineodes Integra,
22
Macrosita casuarin;e,
154
Hydrusa,
155
triangulalis,
22
Macrosoma, 135,
139
Hyetodesia,
138
Lipoptycha niaculana,
lardaria,
146
erratica,
146
sp. nov.,
51
salaminia,
163
Hylemya,
137
Linyphia argyrodes,
184
Macrobnetira leucopeda.
172
pallida,
139
Lita solanella,
176
Msevia annulipes,
186
strigosa,
144
Lithosia bicolor,
156
aurulenta.
186
rufiventris.
136
replana.
156
crista ta,
186
llyleora eucalypti.
159
Lithocolletes aglaozona,
175
pallida.
186
caustopis,
159
Litorella,
138
pencillata.
186
Hylephila,
138
litorella,
146
tibialis.
186
buccata.
144
Lispe,
138
sulphurea.
186
Ilylorycta luteotactella.
176
tentaculata.
144
Mamestra composita,
164
strigata.
176
Lispocephala,
139
ewingi.
164
synaula.
176
alma.
144
Mantispa brunnea.
197
Ilyphantidium sericar-
Lithula omnivora,
158
Marasmia floridalis, sp.
ium,
166
Lobobunaea, gen. nov..
191
nov..
49
Hy pontes.
138
pliKdusa, 191,
193
Marecidia, gen. nov.,
43
Hypobolimnas boliiia,
ISO
Lophoderus amatana.
sanguipuncta, sp. nov.
, 43
misippus,
151
sp. nov..
24
Margaronia bivitralis.
19
Hyporites montanus,
144
Lycaena boetica,
151
inrtmalis.
20
Icius elegans,
186
lulu,
151
Marptusa undata.
183
palmarum,
188
Lyrcea alictoraria,
163
Mecyna deprivalis.
166
lodis illidgei,
164
heniipteraria,
165
Mecytha semicana,
158
insperata.
164
Lycosa avida,
^•^i
Melanitis leda.
150
INDEX,
205
Melanochelia,
139
1 Myochrous scjuamosus,
131
Mesothen albifrons, sp.
Myoda,
139
nov. ,
40
tentaculata.
144
Metacrias erichrysa,
156
Myopina,
139
Metura elongata,
158
myopina.
145
Microcera,
139
Nelphe didyma,
154
ciliata,
143
Nerina, 139,
145
Mnesaphia privata,
164
Netrocoryna repanda.
152
Monoctenia vinaria,
164
Neurota,
139
Mosoda anartoides,
156
grisea.
144
Mosquitoe larvse,
177
Nola lugens.
156
Musca buccata,
138
Nyctemera annulata,
155
cannicularis, 137, 139,
140
connica,
156
ciliata,
139
Nyphortola galactina.
177
coarctata,
137
Ochthiphila littorella,
13S
dentipes,
138
Ocromyia,
139
erratica, 135,
141
pallida.
144
tlaveola,
135
Ocystola calista,
173
flavipennis,
139
pyramis.
173
fungorum,
139
tyranna.
173
geniculata,
136
Qicophora pseudosprc
grisea,
139
tella.
172
hiiaris,
136
schola;a.
172
hirticeps,
138
(T^netus eximius,
161
impuncta,
135
lewinii.
162
inanis,
134
lignivorus,
161
irritans, 138,
141
ramsayi,
162
Iseta,
137
scotti,
161
lardaria, 135,
139
splendens,
161
meditabuiida,
135
virescens.
161
meditata,
139
Qinosandra boisduvalii,
157
meteor! ca,
13S
Ogyris genoveva.
152
mollicula,
139
Oiketicus orizavte, sp
,
myopina,
139
nov..
45
pagana,
139
Onodontha,
139
pallida,
141
penicillata.
143
pumila,
139
Oplogaster,
139
quadripunctata,
135
mollicula.
142
quadrum, 139,
141
Opodiphtera astrophile.
159
socia,
138
Opsirhina fervens.
160
strigosa,
138
Ophyra,
139
tentaculata.
139
leucostoma,
145
tigrina, 135,
136
Orchisia,
139
triangula,
140
costata.
143
Musiosoma,
139
Orgyia postica,
157
praepotens,
144
tricolor,
157
Myantha,
139
Ornithoptera priamus.
147
canicularis,
143
Orophora toumatou,
158
Mycophaga,
139
Othreis fullonica,
163
fungorum.
144
Oxyporus, note on,
199
Mydaja,
139
Pachygnatha tristriata.
186
pagana,
144
xanthostoma.
186
communis.
141
Pachystoma,
139
Mydina,
139
tlavipennis.
144
quadrum.
144
Packard, A. S., articl
e
Mynes geoffroyi,
151
by.
191
Myochrous denticoUis,
127
Predisca obliquana,
169
longulus,
131
privatana,
169
Palx'obia anguillana, 168
liibbertiana, i68
Pak^;ostoma styphelana, 167
Palaminus testaceus, 196
Palparia aurata, 173
lambertella, 173
micrastrella, 173
uncinella, 173
Palusia, 139
pumila, 143
Pamphila bambusas, 1 52
hobomok, aberr., 93
phineus, 152
Papilio philenor, aberr.
wasmuthi, 82
ffigeus, 148
agamemnon, 148
capaneus, 147
enactus, 148
erithonius, 147
homerus, larva, 77
lycaon, 148
macleayeanus, 147
merope, var. cenea, 91
peleus, 78
sarpedon, 148
ulys.ses, 148
Paracostophila, 140, 145
Paranthomyia, 140, 142
Paraspilogaster, 140, 145
Parazelia, 140, 142
Parharmalomyia, 140, 143
Patania, 140
Pegomyia, 140
hyoscyami, 145
Pelora oxleyi, 158
Peltophora argutella, 174
Pentacricia, 140
aldrichii, 145
Peronia, 140
ciliata, 143
Phaonia, 1 40
erratica, 145
Phassustrojesa, sp. nov., 70
Phidippusalboniaculatus, 188
anetus, 187,
ardeus, 188
audax, 188
bicolor, 188
cardinalis, 188
californicus, i88
carol in us, 187
castrensis, 187
clarus, 188
concinnatus, 187
dubiosus, 187
elegans, 187
electus, 187
20(
Journal New York Entomological Society.
gracilis,
188
Pseudolimnophora, 140,
141
undulata,
6
insignarius,
187
triangula.
143
Singa maculata,
188
insolens,
188
Pseudosphex noverca,
truncata.
188
miniatus,
188
sp. nov.,
40
Smerinthus geminatus,
89
obscurus,
188
Psilometopia,
141
Smith, J. B., article by.
paludatiis,
187
communis,
145
2r
■ 52
personatus,
187
Psiloptera,
141
Sphseridium scarahic-
pulcherrimus,
188
irritans,
143
oides,
94
puipuratus,
188
Psilopyga,
86
Sphinx eremophilae.
154
rimator,
188
Ptilomacra senex,
161
gordius.
87
ruber,
188
Pyrameis ite,
150
marmorata,
154
rufus, 183, 186, 187,
188
kershawi,
150
roseofasciata.
'54
testacens.
187
Pyrausta costimaculalis,
Spilogaster,
141
togatus.
187
sp. nov.,
50
quadrum,
145
variegatus.
188
Pyrgotis plagiatana.
169
Spilosoma obliqua.
156
Philampelus vitis,
196
Pyrgus syrichtus,
80
Stagnia, 141,
144
Philinta,
140
Quadrula,
141
Stegommata sulfuratella
75
canicularis,
143
annosa,
145
Steniola sulfurea, sp.
Philobata bimaculana.
172
Rhadina,
141
nov.,
84
Philudoria australasise,
160
montana.
146
Stenogaster,
141
Phortea, 140,
145
Rhinopalpa sabina.
150
angusta,
145
Phorbia, 140,
145
Rhinosimus ceneipennis
94
Stephanocleonus plum-
Phyllis.
140
Rhynchotrichops,
141
beus,
94
diaphana,
144
aculeipes.
144
Strepsiceros ejectana.
168
Phyllogaster,
140
Rohrella,
141
fluidana,
168
cordyluroides.
145
pallida.
145
macropetana,
168
Phyllocnistes diangella,
175
Salticus borealis,
186
Stroblia,
141
Phyllobrotica discoidea,
94
Sapromyza costata,
139
triangula.
143
Pielus labyrinthicus,
162
Satrapia thesaurina,
174
Swainson, E. M., article
Pieris scyllara,
149
Schaeffer, C, article
^y,
by,
77
teutonia, 148,
177
86
Syllegopterula,
141
Piezura,
140
Schaenomyia,
141
beckeri,
146
pardalina.
146
fasciata,
146
Sylepta anormalis,
20
Pinara ignobilis,
160
Schaus, \V., articles l)y,
gordialis,
20
cana,
160
40, 73
Taractrocera papyria.
168
obliqua,
160
Sceliodes cordalis,
167
Teara tristis.
156
Platyccenosia,
140
Scenoploca petraula.
167
Teia aiiartoides,
177
mikii,
146
Schrenobius imparellus,
166
Telecrates laetiorella.
175
Platysenta videns.
12
Scieropepla typhicola.
176
parabolella,
175
Plutella craciferanum.
176
Sciomyza fasciata.
141
Tenodera sinensis.
95
Plusia eriosoma, 81,
164
Scoparia minusculalis.
166
Terastria meticulosalis,
21
Pogonomyia,
140
Seifert, O., article by,
12
Terias hecabe,
148
alpicola,
145
Selandria caryx,
197
Tetrachceta,
141
Polietes,
140
Semiocosma platyptera,
169
unica.
146
lardaria,
146
Sesia sigmoidea.
190
Tetramerinx,
141
Porina umbraculatus,
162
Setiostoma fernaldella.
86
unica,
146
signata,
162
Simaethis sycopola,
170
Thalassodes pieroides,
164
Potamia,
144
Sinea caudata,
8
Thalpochares cocco
Prionophora ruptella,
164
complexa.
7
phaga.
163
Proboscimyia,
140
confusa, sp. nov..
6
Thecla damon, 26,
195
siphoiiina.
146
coronata,
7
Thomisus luctans.
185
Procris empyrea,
155
defecta,
II
Thricoiis,
141
Prodenia littoralis,
1^3
diadema.
3
anthomyimus.
144
Prosalpia,
140
integra.
8
Thyridopteryx herrichii.
159
moerens,
144
raptoria,
9
hubneri,
158
Proteodes carnefex,
177
rileyi.
10
'J'hyridopyTalis, gen.
Psamm » ciis desjardinsi.
106
sanguisuga.
9
nov.,
23
Psaphidia tliaxterianus,
'^4
spinipes,
10
gall;\?randialis, nov ,
23
INDEX.
207
Tinea biselliella,
170
liirsuta, sp. nov.,
"3
cossuna,
169
illustris, sp. nov.,
98
granella.
169
impudica, sp. nov.,
104
pellionella,
170
inermis, sp. nov..
112
tapetzella,
169
incisa, sp. nov..
118
vivipara,
169
lamellata, sp. nov..
105
Tipula acuta, sp. nov.,
116
leucophaea, sp. nov.,
117
abluta, sp. nov.,
122
lucida, sp. nov.,
126
lequalis, sp. nov..
loS
megaura, sp. nov..
112
albocincta, sp. nov.,
no
retusa, sp. nov.,
109
albocaudata, sp. nov.
123
rostrella, sp. nov.,
100
albonotata, sp. nov.,
120
simplex, sp. nov.,
103
albofascia, sp. nov.,
126
splendens, sp. nov ,
107
albovittata, sp. nov.,
119
spectabilis, sp. nov.,
120
armata, sp. nov.,
119
stalactoides, sp. nov.
, 102
australis, sp. nov.,
104
streptocera, sp. nov.,
"3
barbata, sp. nov..
105
siibtilis, sp. nov..
106
bituberculata, sp. nov.
, lOI
sulpherea, sp. nov. ,
99
bisetosa, sp. nov..
III
subcinerea, sp. nov..
118
calcarata, sp. nov.,
107
subtenuicornis, sp. n.
, .25
calva, sp. nov.,
114
tristis, sp. nov..
102
carinata, sp. nov.,
103
translucida, sp. nov.,
109
ceivicula, sp. nov.,
100
unicincta, sp. nov. ,
115
cinctocornis, sp. nov.
, no
usitata, sp. nov..
124
concinna, sp. nov. ,
"5
varia, sp. nov..
122
contaminata, sp. nov.
, 121
Tortri.x amasnana,
167
cognata, sp. nov.,
123
concordana,
16^
cuspidata, sp. nov.,
III
indigestana.
167
decora, sp. nov.,
125
inana, sp. nov.,
51
diluta, sp. nov.,
117
Trachykele blondeli,
197
dorsolineata, sp. nov.
98
Trapezites symmomus.
152
fumosa, sp. nov. ,
99
Trechus hydropicus.
93
graphica, sp. nov.,
124
Trennea,
141
helvocincta, sp. nov..
lOI
errans,
145
Trichetra niesonieias, 157
Tricophiticus, 141
anthomyinus, 144
Tricops, 141
Trigonostonia, 141
frontalis, 145
Trochosa vafra, 184, 186
'I'ymbophora peltastis, 176
Utetheisa pulchella, 156
Uzucha humeral is, 176
Uranotcenia sapphiriana, 179
Victorina steneles, 79
Van Dyke, article by, 197
Weeks, A. C, articles
by, 82, 95
Webster, F. M., articles
by, 127
Wala albovittata, 188
mitratus, 186
Watson, F., note by, 195
Xysticus fasciatus, 185
quadrilineatus, 185
subfasciatus, 185
Xylophilus melsheimeri, 196
piceus, 196
Yetodesia, 141
erratica, 146
Zabia, 141
longipes, 145
Zaphne, 141, 144
Zonopetla decisana, 172
Zenzera eucalypti, 177
Zelotypia stacyi, 162
ERRATA.
Page 142, line 14 from below : Transfer " Bigot''' to follow " Paranthomyia."
Page 144, line 19: Transfer " Melanochelia Rond., 1866; sunia^' to replace
" Zett.," moving the latter to the end of the line.
Page 145, line 12 from below : For Paracortophila, read Parachortophila.
Page 146 : Transfer the first three lines to follow line 5 from below on the preceding
page.
Joiini. N. Y. Ent. Soc.
Vol. IX. PL X.
Three Mosquitoe Larvae.
Journ. N. y. Ent. Soc.
Vol. IX. PI. XL
Life-History of Uranotaenia sapplnirina.
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