ae GFF aEFE = it on ate ee ed aie ET Pha < bin Fos ah oe rF Sifng! : Pr ata tus ssi 5 “a — ~ —_ s RE eee 7 — a = el rer = Psa: eas ee a ES —_ ye aoe we ie * - r ~~ ~ al ie oe ~ eS ae : = Z —_— = = eg I ie >i ~ a oe o < “wv £ = ~ ~ Pom s ~ = ~s et . - nt Aue” a “= ~— *% a we «i = - = - _ +3 rm alu, ee le ~ tt ty == bl = aes = 2 = —" tog © - Te, ™ > a a a TE Rp ie a Er 1 ia Fe a ee SOR ee THE JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Won. Xe PEARS. Report of the Committee of the National Pear Conference, held in the Socety’s Gardens, Chiswick, October; 1885... ry] EA Gy —\ Brat GH ot Gangs N Ot | | MEU! ooh) DD | iy eo ee ld UY a) | a Gini eo [oink 4 Makau fe OS / ip, “me Ny, SH OT an rs Oy Ba H\= SA a COMPILED AND PREPARED BY A. F. BARRON, SUPERINTENDENT OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY’S GARDENS, SECRETARY TO THE FRUIT COMMITTEE, &C. Hondo : W. S: Jounson, “Nassau Stream Press,” 60, Sr. Martin’s Lane, 1887. London : W. S. Jounson—‘‘ Nassau Steam Press,” 60, Sr. Marrin’s Lane, CHaRiInGc Cross, W.C. iN TRO DL CTO N, As Tue Nationan Appte Coneress of 1883 proved so eminently successful, and excited so much interest amongst fruit-growers, it was generally considered desirable that a similar Conference on Pears should be held when the opportunity occurred. The season 1885 seeming to present this opportunity, a resolution to this effect was adopted at a meeting of the Fruit Committee on July 14th, 1885, and submitted to the Council of the Royal Horticultural Society, when the following circular (greatly abridged), which explains pretty clearly the nature of the Con- ference, was issued :— “NATIONAL PEAR CONFERENCE, 1885. “* Royal Horticultural Society’s Gardens, Chiswick. “The crop of Pears this present season being generally abundant and good, an extremely favourable opportunity is presented for the examination of the numerous varieties culti- vated throughout the country. The Council of the Royal Horticultural Society has therefore decided to hold a Conference on Pears (of a similar character to that so successfully adopted in regard to Apples in 1883), in the great Conservatory at Chiswick, commencing on the 21st October next. “This Conference will not assume the form of an ordinary Exhibition—there will be no competition and no prizes—the objects being the dissemination of useful knowledge on the varieties most suitable for cultivation, to compare their merits, and to correct their nomenclature, and generally to render the meeting instructive to fruit-growers. The collection of Pears grown in the Gardens, which contains many typical varieties, will be available for comparison. ‘* Growers of fruit will have in this Exhibition an opportunity of correcting or verifying the nomenclature of their own fruits, by bringing specimens with them and making a_ personal examination. Every possible assistance will be given by mem- bers of the Committee to such enquirers. ‘* All fruit-erowers are invited to contribute, and the more widely the collections are procured, the greater will be the interest created. No limit will be placed on the number of varieties anyone may see fit to send, and it is not necessary that they should be the products of his own grounds. The Council A2 4. INTRODUCTION. desire that an effort be made to procure representatives of all the varieties that are grown in the various districts, and that all should be distinctly labelled with the name or names under which they may be grown in their respective localities. “Tt is very desirable that every collection should be accom- panied with as much information as can be furnished, with regard to soil, stock, exposure, and physical conditions of the districts from which they are gathered, &c., &c., to aid the Committee, if necessary, in drawing up their report. Cards and forms for this purpose will be supplied by the Secretary to all exhibitors on application. “The specimens being strictly for examination, they must necessarily be at the disposal of the Committee where required.”’ In order to secure as much direct and reliable information as possible for adoption in the Report, the Committee resolved to issue forms and cards (see examples), to be filled up by exhibitors and staged with their fruit. Example of Form, filled up. ‘NATIONAL PEAR CONFERENCE, 1885. “ Hxhibitor’s Name and Address.—Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick. Number of varieties exhibited.—One hundred. Situation where grown, sheltered, or otherwise, aspect, &c.—In walled garden, sheltered but low; very subject to spring frosts. Character of soil, subsoil, dc.—Heavy loam; subsoil, gravel. Selection of varieties most suited to District, arranged for the following seasons, viz. :— July and August, 8 varieties—Doyenné dEté, Beurre Giffard, Williams’s Bon Chrétien. September, 3 varieties—Beurré d’Amanlis, Madame Treyve, Souvenir du Conereés. October, 6 varieties—Alexandre Lambré, Beurre Hardy, Fondante d’ Automne, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Maréchal de la Cour, Thompson’s. November, 6 varieties—Belle Julie, Beurre Supertfin, Doyenné du Comice, Emile d’Héyst, Marie Louise, Van Mons Léon Leclere. December, 6 varieties—Beurré Diel, Glou Morcgeau, Josephine de Malines, Passe Colmar, Winter Nelis, Zeéphirin Grégoire, INTRODUCTION. 5 January to March, 6 varieties—Bergamote d’Espéren, Beurré Sterckmans, Beurré de Jonghe, Doyenné d’Alengon, Easter Beurré, Olivier des Serres. Selection of varieties suited for Orchard cultivation, not exceeding —Alexandre Lambré, Beacon, Belle Jule, Beurré d’Amanlis, Beurré Bose, Beurré Diel, Jersey Gratioli, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Marie Louise, Marie Louise d’Uccle, Nec Plus Meuris, Williams’s Bon Chrétien. Selection of Stewing Pears, 4. varieties. —Bellissime d’Hiver, Catillac, Gilogil, Uvedale’s St. Germain. “< General Remarks, as to Modes of Cultivation, Pruning, Stocks, dc. “The collection of Pears in the Society's Garden are cultivated mostly as Pyramids on the Quince stock. The young growing shoots are regularly pinched during the summer, so that little pruning is required in winter. Very little root-pruning is practised or found necessary.” Example of Carp, filled up. «< NamE. ** DoyENNE Du ComIce. “« Season . aa x November. Average ies tility “ae a. Moderate. Stock.. : ode re. Quince. Descr ee of Tree ae Pyramid.” The responses to the invitation ee issued proved of the most satisfactory character, the number of Pears sent in for exhibition being far greater than anticipated, the Exhibition being not only great in extent, but in all respects a truly repre- sentative collection of nearly every variety of Pear known and cultivated in this country, the earlier varieties, long past in the southern districts, being received from the north in excellent condition. The arrangement followed was that of grouping the various collections of each county and district together, thus facilitating means of comparison, and illustrating at a glance the general character of the produce of different parts of the country. The following table shows the number of Exhibitors in the United Kingdom to have been 167, and the number of dishes or separate lots of Pears to have amounted to 6,269, exclusive of those from France, which proved of great interest for purposes of comparison. 6 INTRODUCTION. No. of Counties. Fiehchetors: | No. of Dishes. Bedfordshire i 64 Berkshire ... i 3 53 Buckinghamshire ... 4 202 Cambridgeshire 1 13 Cheshire 3 120 Cumberland 2 2, Derbyshire 2 26 Devonshire 4 187 Dorsetshire 1 112 Essex 5 282 Gloucestershire 3 124 Hampshire 2 104 Herefordshire 7 3511 Hertfordshire 5 447 Huntingdonshire . 1 | 39 Kent ii 486 Lancashire 2 74 Leicestershire 2 103 Lincolnshire 1 30 Middlesex ... 20 699 Monmouth 1 | 58 Norfolk 4 | 88 Northamptonshire 2 | 70 Nottinghamshire ... 4 173 Oxfordshire oe a is 2, 60 Rutland... ix ce tia 2 48 Shropshire ass ete 1 25 Somersetshire ... ae ae 1 | 69 Staffordshire a oa na | 1 | 24 Suffolk ae re an i 2, 49 Surrey 16 582 Sussex 8 338 Warwickshire 2 49, Wiltshire ... 5 153 Worcestershire 5 223 Yorkshire ... 2 69 Scotland 16 416 Wales 8 166 Ireland 2. 30 Guernsey ... 2 36 Jersey 1 (2 Total acc ae war 167 | 6,269 France ae: we 0:8 be 9. 262 INTRODUCTION. | In regard to nomenclature, each of the collections exhibited was carefully examined by the Committee, and corrections made where considered requisite. Errors of judgment may in some cases have occurred, due to the altered appearance which the same fruits assume under different conditions, &e. Some examples may also have been overlooked, or their labels have become misplaced. Every endeavour was, however, made to secure the most correct nomenclature possible. The corrections made by the Committee have in all cases been since sent direct to the exhibitors. A pleasing feature noted by the Committee was the general correctness of the nomenclature. The number of synonyms noted was strikingly few; these will be found in the descriptive Catalogue. The total number of reputedly distinct varieties of Pears exhibited subsequent to the corrections made by the Committee amounts to 615. Modern Pears recommended by Committee. Of modern Pears, which although not new, are not in general cultivation, the Committee made the following selection, which are highly recommended, both for good quality and bearing properties, viz. :— SEASON. Beurré Giffard... ne ae ... August. Madame Treyve ... ae ... September. Summer Beurré d’ remore 2, oy ., Clapp’s Favourite - a » spaé. », dterckmans. », superfin. Chaumontel. Comte de Lamy. Conseiller de la Cour. Doyenné Boussoch. » du Comice. Duchesse d’Angouléme. Durondeau. Haster Beurré. Emile d’Héyst. Ilemish Beauty. Fondante d’Autémne. Gansel’s Bergamot. General Tottleben. Glou Morceau. Huyshe’s Bergamot. Joséphine de Malines. Jersey Gratiol. Louise Bonne of Jersey. Madame André Léroy. a Treyve. Marie Bendist. 0 aoulse: ed », -a& Ueele: Nouvelle Fulvie. Olivier de Serres. Passe Colmar. > . Crassane.- Pitmaston Duchess, INTRODUCTION. 9 Princess. Souvenir du Congrés. STEWING Pears. Suffolk Thorn. Bellissime d’Hiver. Thompson's. Catillac. Urbaniste. Gilles 6 Gilles. Van Mons Léon Leclerc. Grosse Calebasse. Williams’s Bon Chrétien. Uvedale’s St. Germain. Winter Nelis. Verulam. Zéphirin Grégoire. Vicar of Winkfield. No list of the worthless varieties has been prepared, it being deemed sufficient in this Report to notify those that are worthy of cultivation. Without entering into minute comparison of the merits of the different collections exhibited, it is important to notify this fact—that the cultivation of good Pears does not seem to be confined to any particular climate or district of the country. If we take the magnificent examples from M. Joshua Le Cornu, of Jersey, as the result of good and careful cultivation, we have their equals produced by Mr. Haycock and by Mr. Thomas in Kent, and closely followed by Mr. Wildsmith in Hampshire, and Mr. Breese in Sussex. Many other individual examples throughout the Exhibition were equally meritorious. No one failed to remark on the excellence of the examples from Lord Chesterfield, Herefordshire, or those still further north from Mr. Dalrymple, St. Boswells, Scotland, which were probably as meritorious as any at the Conference. Nothing contributed so much to these successful results as good and careful cultivation. Jt may be taken as a general rule, that the best fruits are produced where the greatest care is bestowed. An important factor in the successful cultivation of the Pear, as gathered from the returns, is in the use of the Quince stock, which, from its close surface-rooting character, is more directly amenable to the attentions of the cultivator. Committee, Pear Conference. Those marked (*) forming the Executive. Those marked (t+) comprise the Fruit Commiitee of the Royal Horticultural Society. BasHFoRD, GEORGE, Bagot, St. Saviour’s, Jersey. *+BuackmoreE, R. D., Teddington. Breese, G. M., Petworth Park, Petworth. Brittan, JoHN, Strabane. Brotuerston, R. P., Tynninghame, Prestonkirk. Browne, Coivitue, The Paddocks, Swaffham, Norfolk. 10 PEAR CONFERENCE COMMITTEE. Butz, Dr.. Hereford. Burmer, Rev. C. H., Credenhill Rectory, Hereford. ¥+BuNvARD, GEORGE, Nurseries, Maidstone. +Burnett, J., The Gardens, The Deepdene, Dorking. Carre, Rey, F., Inver Glebe, Donegal. Carucart, Ropert, Pitcairlie, Auchtermuchty, Fife. Cura, J., The Nurseries, Crawley, Sussex. CHESTERFIELD, The Earl of, Holme Lacy, Hereford. Cozteman, W., The Gardens, Kastnor Castle, Ledbury. Cummins, G. W., The Gardens, The Grange, Wallington. Cranston, Joun, The Nurseries, Hereford. Datrymeue, Hon. G., Elliston House, St. Boswells, N.B. *Dran, A., Bedfont, Hounslow. +Denninc, W., The Gardens, Londesborough Lodge, Norbiton, Surrey. Dickson, F. Anruur, 106, Eastgate Street, Chester. Dickson, W. ALFRED, 108, Eastgate Street, Chester. Draper, J. W., Covent Garden. Dunn, M., The Gardens, Dalkeith Palace, N.B. +FiituaM, JosEpH, The Gardens, Clveden, Maidenhead. +Forp, S., The Gardens, Leonardslee, Horsham. GARLAND, J., The Gardens, Killerton, Exeter. GinBerT, R., The Gardens, Burghley, Stamford. +Gopman, F. Du Canz, 10, Chandos Street, Cavendish Square, W. +GotpsmirH, G., The Gardens, Floore House, Weedon, Northampton. Grauam, J., Cranford, Hounslow. Harrison, J., The Nurseries, Leicester. Haruaway, J., The Gardens, Lathom House, Ormskirk. Haycocx, C., The Gardens, Barham Court, Maidstone. +Haywoopn, T. B., Woodhatch Lodge, Reigate. *HibBERD, 8., 1, Priory Road, Kew Green, Kew. *+Hoae, Dr. R., 171, Fleet Street. Housion, JouN ArcHER, Hallingbury Place, Bishops Stortford. +Howcrorr, AntHoNY, 14, Tavistock Row, W.C. Inaram, W., The Gardens, Belvoir Castle, Grantham. Jerreries, W. J., The Nurseries, Cirencester. Jerrertes, J. K., The Nurseries, Oxford. Jenkins, W., The Willows, Abergavenny. Jonus, T., Royal Gardens, Frogmore. KinasLtrey, Rey. W., South Kilvington Rectory, Thirsk. +Lannu, J. i., The Nurseries, Great Berkhamstead. Laxton, T., Bedford. Lev, W., The Nurseries, Hammersmith. *+Len, J., 78, Warwick Gardens, W. Marsprn, Rey. C. J., Gargrave Vicarage, Leeds. |Mason, Major F., The Firs, Warwick. Mastrens, Dr., 41, Wellington Street, W.C. *+Minns, CG. T., The Gardens, Wycombe Abbey, High Wycombe. Minier, Dr., Pump Street, Londonderry. Miniter, W., Combe Abbey, Coventry. : Muir, J., The Gardens, Margam Castle, Taibach, S. Wales. PEAR CONFERENCE COMMITTEE. 11 Mounvetu, J. C., Moor Park Gardens, Rickmansworth. *+Pauu, G., The Nurseries, Cheshunt. +Paut, W., The Nurseries, Waltham Cross. Pearson, J. R., The Nurseries, Chilwell, Notts. Penny, C., The Gardens, Sandringham, King’s Lynn. Prriz, A. G., Leckmelm by Garve, Ross-shire. Povrart, W., Twickenham. Poynter, R., ‘The Nurseries, Taunton. PrRAGNELL, W. G.. The Gardens, Sherborne Castle, Dorset. Renwick, J., The Nurseries, Melrose, N.B. *+Rivers, T. F., The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth. Rircuie, H., Eardiston Gardens, Worcester *+ROBERTS, J., The Gardens, Gunnersbury Park, Acton. Rosertson, Dr., Errol, N.B. Rogryson, W., 37, Southampton Street, Strand. +Ross, C., The Gardens, Welford Park, Newbury. Rovpetu, G. W., Harvey Lodge, Roupell Park, S.E. Rust, J., The Gardens, Eridge Castle, Tunbridge Wells. +Rurpanp, F., The Gardens, Goodwood, Chichester. SautmarsH, T. J., The Nurseries, Chelmsford. SaunpeErs, C. B., The Nurseries, St. Heliers, Jersey. }Suepparp, J., The Gardens, Wolverston Park, Ipswich. Suincxes, T., The Gardens, Tortworth Court, Gloucester. +SILVERLOCK, CHARLES, 412, Strand, W.C. *+Swmitu, J., The Gardens, Mentmore, Leighton Buzzard. Smiru, R., The Nurseries, Worcester. Srevens, Z., The Gardens, Trentham Hall, Stoke-on-Trent. SrRIcKLAND, Sir C., Bart., Hildenley, Malton. +Surron, AxrHur W., Reading. Tuomas, O., The Gardens, Chatsworth, Chesterfield. TxHomson, D., The Gardens, Drumlanrig Castle, N.B. Tuomson, W., The Vineyard, Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.B. TuHurRsTan, Rev. Canon, Mount Row, Guernsey. TuRBERVILLE, Colonel T. Picron, Ewenny Priory, Bridgend, Glamorgan. *TurneER, A., Royal Nurseries, Slough. Untuank, Esq., G. F., Tempeville, Limerick. *+VuitcH, H. J., The Nurseries, Chelsea, S.W. Veitcu, P., The Nurseries, Exeter. Warren, W., Worton Gardens, Isleworth. WEBBER, J., Covent Garden, W.C. +Wess, Henry, Redstone Manor House, Redhill. Wesster, J., The Gardens, Gordon Castle, Fochabers, N.B. +Werr, Harrison, Henwick Lodge, Lansdowne Road, Tunbridge Wells. Wuecter, A. C., The Nurseries, Gloucester. WiupsmirH, W., The Gardens, Heckfield Place, Winchfield. + WILLARD, JESSE, Holly Lodge Gardens, Highgate, N. *+WooDBRIDGE, J., The Gardens, Syon House, Brentford. Wynne, B., 17, Catherine Street, Strand. Secretary, A. F. Barron, Royal Horticultural Society’s Gardens, Chiswick. INDEX OF CONDENS Introduction .. ei re Committee, Pear Conference Exhibitors ne a Pears, Descriptive Catalogue of , Audit of (Great Britain) », selection of— Bedfordshire Berkshire ee Buckinghamshire .. Cheshire Derbyshire .. Devonshire .. Dorsetshire. . ae Eastern Counties .. Essex : Gloucestershire Guernsey Hampshire .. Herefordshire Hertfordshire Huntingdonshire .. Jersey Kent Laneashire.. Leicestershire Lincolnshire Middlesex Midland CoumticsaNonth . South Monmouthshire Norfolk fos Northamptonshire. . Northern Counties Nottinghamshire .. Oxfordshire Rutlandshire Scotland Shropshire .. 5 Somersetshire Ss Staffordshire Southern Counties Suffolk Surrey Sussex Wales Warwickshire Western Counties .. Wiltshire Pears, Selection of—continued — 29 Perry Pears, List of .. o> Synonyms 5 Se Remarks on, exhibited from— Worcestershire Yorkshire Bedfordshire Berkshire aN Buckinghamshire .. Cambridgeshire Cheshire Cumberland Derbyshire .. Devonshire .. Dorsetshire... Essex RG Gloucestershire Guernsey Hampshire .. Herefordshire Hertfordshire Huntingdonshire .. Ireland Jersey Kent Lancashire .. Leicestershire Lincolnshire Middlesex Monmouthshire Norfolk As Northamptonshire Nottinghamshire .. Oxfordshire Rutlandshire Scotland Shropshire .. Somersetshire Staffordshire Suffolk Surrey Sussex Wales Warwickshire Wiltshire ee ae Worcestershire .. ae Yorkshire LIST OF, AND INDEX TO, EXHIBITORS AT THE NATIONAL PEAR CONGRESS, 1885. No. SEE PAGE ieacind, he Richt Hon., fir T. D.,, Bart., M.P., Killerton, Exeter (John Garland, Gardener) eee al BI! 2. Allen, G., Ramsbury Manor Gardens, Hungerford ... 60 3. Anderson, J., Rowfant, Crawley... ee mM: sat) ek 4, Armfield, J., Croham Court, Croydon ... sh sae y: 42 5. Bannister, W. H., Gardener to H. St. Vincent Ames, EKsq., Cote House, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol eae 6. Barker, F. C., Heatherdale, Woodford Green ... ee el 7 f 7. Bolland, J., Imberhorne Gardens, East Grinstead ... 54 8. Breese, G. M., Petworth Park Gardens, Petworth, Sussex 55 9. Browne, Colville, The Paddocks, Swaffham ... ere ae >: 10. Bull, Dr., Hereford us Aes ne ao pelts 11. Bunyard, Geo., and Co., Nurserymen, Maidstone 04° 26 12. Bunyard, Thomas, Nurseryman, Ashford ae ah 25 13. Burbury, K., Castle Gardens, Arundel ... oe ee ee 14. Burbidge, F. W., Trinity College Gardens, Dublin, ... 168 15. Burnett, J.. The Gardens, The Deepdene, Dorking ... 43 16. Burrell, E., Gardener, Claremont, Esher ia ee A ive Cam ichael, W., Bognor ... Wet 5 18. Carrick, Rev. J. L., Spring Ea; onthonup tat: ia 20 19. Chadwick, E., Berens: to HK. M. Nelson, ae ioe Hill, Baling Apes a B4 20. Cheal and Sons, J. “Wargecaes, Seems a ee o0 21. Cheere, Miss F., Papwerth Hall, near St. Ives Bh. Oil 22. Chesterfield, The Karl of, Holme Lacy, Hereford als 23. Clarke, Colonel, Welton Place, Daventry ee ne OS 24, Clayton, H. J., Grimston Gardens, Tadcaster ... Pee, UBS PEAR CONFERENCE REPORT. SEE PAGE 95. Cochrane, B., Seend Manor House, Seend ae es “60 26. Cole, E., The Gardens, Althorp Park, Northampton ... 98 27. Coleman, W., Eastnor Castle Gardens, Ledbury =. 158 28..Coombs, J., Gardener to Sir A. Meux, Bart., Sheen House, WMorblake Sake ofS 29. Coomber, Thos., The Hendre Ganigie. Aton oT REA 30: Cosh; 8.45 Rapest House, Chiswick ... 34 1. Crump, W., The Gardens, Madresfield caine Malvern 127 32, Cummins, G. W., Gardener to A. H. Smee, Esq., The Goece avalkacite nh me as ae gr aes 33. Dalrymple, The Hon. G. G., Elliston, St. Boswell’s, N.B. (D. Melville, Gardener) .. 141 34. Dance, W., Gardener to Colonel Tae Gostela Hall, : aistend ue a ihe CGF 35. Daniel, T. D., Coed Pare! Gail Avou age adidas ete 86. Davies, W., Rothford House, Tenbury, Worcester ee, 3. Davis, C., Gardener’ The Mote, Maidstone... Seiden se 33. Davis, W.. Grove Park Gardens, Warwick ths eee LO 39. Day, James, Galloway House, Garlieston = scree Ge 40. Dean, J., Gardener to G. W. Leveson-Gower, Esq., Titsey Place, Limpsfield es a es ww. 44 41. Dean, R., Seed Grower, Bedfont ae: 34 42. Dickson oad Sons, I’. and A., Upton } Vanes! Ghesee 93 43. Dickson and Sons, James, Newton Nurseries, Chester.. 3 ‘44, Divers, W., The Gardens, Wierton House, ifaidseoHeY: 27 45. Divers, W. H., Ketton Hall Gardens, Stamford e105 46. Doig, James, Priory Gardens, Inchture, N.B. ... ee as 47. Draper, H. G., Acton Green .... ae . 80 48. Drummond, J. M., Megginch Castle, bara a 14S 49. Dunn, M., The Gi dens, Dalkeith Palace, Midlothines 141 . East, D., Gardener to F. Wigan, Esq., Clare Tawi Kast hae ae 46 . Ebury, Lord, Moor Pur cmielenanee seth (J. C. MEARE Gardener) i! 84 . Evans, A., Gardener ie hg Stewart Hodecunt mage Lythe Hill, Haslemere 46 . Eversley, Viscount, Heckfield Place, W auhaeld (w. Wildsmith, Gardener). 7 2S . Everson, F., Upper Gee mibaces Rbehapeens eee, AY, . Fletcher, James, The Coppins Gardens, Iver ... ee SU . Forbes, J., Dover House Gardens, Roehampton EXHIBITORS. 15 SEE PAGE : a R., Pitfour, Perth oe Fg 2 > Merd, S., Soe to W. E. Hubbard, Bisa Tierra lee, Ee tar Eve Ag coG . Froggatt, W., Wiiaerworth Hall, MGhaeierield:. ee . Gaiger, W.G., Gardener to 8. Taylor Whitehead, ot Burton Closes, Bakewell a ; 95 . Gibbon, W. Forbes, Seaford Grange, Beehiee: em “LOS . Gilman, E., Ingestre Hall Gardens, Stafford ... ‘cf 06 3. Gleeson, M., Clumber Gardens, Wea cit i<.. £00 . Goodall, W., Errol sk . 2h Lhe = 445 . Graham, J. Gevitord: aa Ee A VSO . Greaves, B., Gardener and Bailiff to F. Pasainhtan! Esq., M. P., Broome Hall, Holmwood 3 fe 48 . Grey, John, Normanton Gardens, Stamford ... +. 104. . Griffin, Geo., Gardener to Baron de Rutzen, Slebeck Park, Beriieekeshive ae 151 . Hall, E., Gardener to Lord Bolan: Bolten Hall, Bedale Work... sue a st . Harding, A., Gardener ca Abe Bawand: ee ee of Huntly, Orton Hall, Peterborough ... ve i. 88 . Harrison and Sons, The Nurseries, Leicester ... f.. 86 . Hartland, J., Canon Frome Court Gardens, By icieas tg . Haycock, C., The Gardens, Barham Court, Maidstone 27 . Henry, W.C., Esq., Haffield, Ledbury (John Henderson, Gardener) ge x tS . Herrington, W., The Gardens, Seepichatibee Rectory, Sandwich A : Ha, 28 . Hewitt, C., Sarsden eee Ghippits, eeeort bi, 189 . Hewlett, Av. Hsq., Hazeley Manor, Warwick (George Glements. Gardener) ... 2 FOH 78. Horne, P. G., The Grange, Tene tebe: Bianrasth RA ibbsl 79. Howe, C., Berkian Park Gardens, Newbury ... 21 80. Hudson, i. Gardener to H. J. Atkinson, Esq., MP., “in SES House, Acton ... ; tae) too 81. Ingram, W., Belvoir Castle Gardens, Gear ae OF 82. Jamin, F., The Nurseries, 4 Bourg-la-Reine, France ... 83. Jefferies and Son, John, Nurserymen, Cirencester mea Es 84. Jenkins, W., The Willows, Abergavenny : ec 152. 85. Johnston, Miss, The Beeches, Redlerby, Gpakele <6 IGS 86. Jones, —, Arundel Hotel, Victoria Embankment Ab ROO 87. Lacaille, iS Gourdie Hill, Errol — aie Rae i 145 88. Ladds, J., 4, Craven Terrace, Ealing ... Oy ay too PEAR CONFERENCE REPORT. No. SEE PAGE 89. Laird, —, Glencarse, Perth <. ‘3 . 145 90. Lathom, The Right Hon. the Earl ol Gian Hoare: Ormskirk (J. Hathaway, Gardener) . je 13} 91. Lawrence, J., Gardener to Mrs. Owen Kee Acdunillaah Caversham, Oxon te SUS a a5 tS) 2 axons. Grito: Bedford Ly ae) 93. Le Cornu aa Son, Joshua, Heh View Nuronies St. Helier’s, Jersey... be ir ee Jeo, ST 94. Lee and Son, C., imarameen, Taline, Side 560 ke 95. Leroy, André, The Nurseries, Angers, France - 96. Lessels, J., Aqualate Hall Gardens, Newport... ... 124 97. Lloyd, R., The Gardens, Brookwood Asylum, ohne 48 98. McHattie, J. W., Newbattle Abbey, Dalkeith... ... 148 99. MacInnes, Miles, Lintoch Castle, Carlisle ... soo dle 100. MacKellar, R., Abney Hall Gardens, Cheadle oF 08 101. McKelvie, J., Gardener to Colonel Reeve, Leadenham House, Grantham eu 71 102. Mansell, J.L.,3, Somerset lemnce. St. Revers = Guemsey 157 103. Mason, R. H., Hecton Hall, Norfolk “.. ~~ pee ee 104. Matthews, HL. Brockham Green, Betchworth... Pe 49 105. Middleton, P., Wynnstay Gardens, Ruabon ... ae Le 106. Miles, G. T., Wycombe Abbey Gardens, High Wycombe a 80 107. Miller, A., Gardener to W. H. Tone: Weg - MP. Rend ; Ashton Court Trowbridge ... sie re -00 108. Mitchell, J. L., 36, Pembury Road, Clanton oth 36 109. Muir, J., Canons to C. R. M. Talbot, ae MP., Marear Park, Taibach ile eels? 110. Newton, W., Hillside, Newark ... be a. AOD iis Oded. W., Gardener to W. Barber, Eisq., Pimner 36 112. Ormiston and Renwick, Nurserymen, Melrose ... 148 113. Palmer, G., Gardener to T. H. Powell, ae Drinkstone Park, Bay St. Edmunds ae eet ee 114. Parsons, J. S., Woodland, Maidenhead. sae “ale pall 115. Paul and Son, The Old Nurseries, Cheshunt ... at S85 116. Paul and Son, William, The Nurseries, Waltham Cross, N. M7 Bek aa ‘4 pens SO) 117. Pearson and ae dhe Re The Nurseries, Chilwell, Beeston.. : Asch ae ne Sse 118. Plowright, 16 dls Sarafiann a : Sh Ce he 119. Powell, W. S., Ee olwysannyd, Ti acne hes oa 152 . Poynter, R. H., Nurseryman, Matton: foomenc! 2. Pragnell, W. G., Castle Gardens, Sherborne, Dorset ... . Reid, J., Ballindean Gardens, Inchture . Ritchie, H., Eardiston Gardens, Worcester . Rivers and Son, T., The Nurseries, Sierindeewodth 3. Roberts, J., Gardener to Messrs. Rothschild, Gunners- . Robertson, Dr., Fern Bank, rel a , . Rogers, W., Gardener to Robert Elhott eae EKsq., . Smith & Co., R., Nurserymen, onesie . Smith, Thana Perth ... : . Smith, W., Oxenford Castle G@urdene: Ai alothian . Spivey, K., Gardener to J. A. Houblon, Ksq., eae S . Symon, P., Flatfield Onna Hierol ae ae » Laylor, T., Gardener to James McIntosh, Ksq., EXHIBITORS. 17 SEE PAGE . Pownall, N. H., Gardener to F. Wright, Ksq., Lenton eA TOL let Fall: Nesametian bury Park, Acton The Cedars, Ashford ... . Ross, C., Gardener to C. fee Hisq., W atonal Deals Newbir y . Roupell, W., fares Tego, Boupell Park . Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick . Rust, J., Eridge Castle Gardens, Tunbridge W alle : Saebury, Marquis of, Hatfield (G. Norman, Gardener) . Saltmarsh and Sons, Nurserymen, Chelmsford “2 . panders, TI. W., Gardener to J. W. Larking, Esq., Ghemtirs ee ... . Selway, J.. Updown Patek, Saadvieh a) . Sheppard, J., Gardener to J. Berners, lsq., srirolver, stone Park, Ipswich . Shepherd, W., Gardener to W. C. Chvalet. Bagh Greenhurst Capel, Dorking . Shingles, T., Gardener to The Hae a Dutie, Tortworth more, eeioiton Buzzard . Smith, R., Gardener to Lady F. Blethen, Comngendl Yalding, Maidstone Stortfor a Duneey an Weybridge... Manomas, A. J., olbtimgbourne ..: _B 114 . 145 . 128 86 37 . 144 28 21 49 37 o7 84 68 28 27 75 50 ae La see a eG . Smith, J., Gardener to ie Karl of Rosebery, Ment- 81 30 so ye) ... 146 . 146 68 . 145 50 ol PEAR CONFERENCE REPORT—EXHIBITORS. No. SEE PAGE 149. Thompson, G., Gardener to Messrs. W. and E. Wells, Croxby House, Hounslow _... vee Testo. 150. Thurstan, Rev. Canon, 44, Mount Row, Guernsey ... 157 151. Tilly, J. H., Kenilworth House, Grosvenor Road, Chiswick AG ee a ie a8 a 208 152. Turberville, Colonel T. Picton, Ewenny Priory, Bridgend ae #3 Pee ralioy: 153. Turner, Charles, Royal Ameena! Siocon ae aGtag Kol 154. Unthank, G. F., Tempeville, Limerick mie p63 155. Veitch and Sone J., Nurserymen, Chelsea... gag aS) 156. Veitch and Son, R., Nurserymen, Exeter... ee I, UST A\Weweel: ob} WWatennelas Chiswick ... i 4 88 158. Ward, A., Stoke Edith Park Gardens, Hereford 20 159. Ward, H. W., Longford Castle Gardens, Salsbury ... 61 160. Warden, C., Gardener to Sir F. H. Bathurst, Bart., Clarendon Park, Salisbury ... at = “GA 161. Warner, R., Broomfield, Chelmsford ... a 23268 162. Watkins, J.. Pomona Farm, Withington, Hereford ... 120 163. Willis, J., Hollowmead, Bishop’s Teignton, Teignmouth 112 164. Wane W. G..Swatiham-~ ...5 7 Sk eS 165. Winkworth, T., Childwall Hall Gardens Thr ceoalle . 184 N662 Woods Je Caras to Mrs. Sanderson, The Assets Chicwiclt ey ee Oo 167. Woodbridge, J., Som lone Garden ‘Broniford San. 09 168. Wright, A., Gardener to E. H. Watts, mee Devon- hurst, Chisel ies cae : = og Gio GP E. SOUTHERN . BERKSHIRE . HAMPSHIRE . KENT . MIDDLESEX . SURREY . SUSSEX . WILTSHIRE BY CORN IB Se qctantin, || | aeGtee 3 53 2 104 11 486 20 699 | ats 582 8 338 5 153 SAN as Se Ps rs mba rts “Fee ae! i Fata bis lay Seon Te , Aa aad 1 GROUP I.—SOUTHERN COUNTIES. BERKSHIRE. Exhibitors. 1.—C. Howe, Benham Park Gardens, Newbury Number of Varieties Exhibited os aa a Ws eng a Observations. —Examples in general small. Beurzé Rance. stated to be a stewing Pear, was large and fine; also Léon Leclere de Laval and Doyenné Boussoch. EHehibitor’s Remarks.—Grown on walls, east and west aspect. Soil, sandy loam on gravel, not many feet from the chalk. The trees are trained in all sorts of forms, but all grown on the spur system. Many of the trees are old; the younger ones have been planted within the last twelve years, and are trained on the horizontal and fan systems. 2.—Joun Stevens Parsons, Woodlands, Cookham Dean, Maidenhead. Number of Varieties Exhibited _... 2h 8 mse 1 Observations.—F air examples of Beurré Clairgeau. 8.—C. Ross, Gardener to C. Eyre, Esq., Welford Park, , Newbury. Number of Varieties Exhibited Mee cas eas sh 28 Observations.—Examples small but clear-skinned. The following were noted: Pitmaston Duchess, Napoléon, British Queen, Doyenné du Comice, and Bergamote Reinette, a large, pale-skinned, handsome fruit, but inferior in point of quality. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Gyrown on walls, south-east, south-west, and north-west aspects. Garden over 200 years in cultivation ; subsoil, gravel. Many of the trees here are over 50 years old; they have been grafted from time to time with other varieties. Being exposed to the north-east very few sorts will do any good in the open, so we have to depend on the walls for a crop; but Pears, as a rule, do not do so well here as Apples. Owing tothe dry season most of the sorts are smaller than usual. 22 Varieties of Pears suited to Berkshire, SELECTED BY C. Hows, Benham Park Gardens, Newbury. C. Ross, Welford Park wee Newbury. No. of Times | No. of Times Selected. Selected. July and August. Beurré Clairgeau 1 | Beurré Diel 1 Citron des Carmes > 2 Conseiller de la Doyenné @Eté 1 Cour 1 Jargonelle | 1 Crassane 1 Souvenir du Con-| Doyenné du Comice | 1 gres | 1 Marie Louise | 1 Napoleon | 1 September. Passe Colmar | 1 | Pitmaston Duchess | 1 Brockworth Park | Thompson's | 1 (Bonne d’Ezée) | 2 | Williams’s Bon December. Chrétien | 2 Beurré d’Amanlis | 1 Beurré d’ Aremberg 2 Clapp’s Favourite | 1 Glou Morgeau 2 | Crassane 2 Quiaher Beurré Bachelier 1 | Beurre Diel | 1 Bear snpecin 9 Dealers Trousseau | 1 co | General Tottleben | 1 ouise Bonne of eae Sea Foe 9 night’s Monarch 1 y Passe Colmar if Autumn Ber sora 1 Wantoemele 1 Beurré Hardy | 1 es | es ae | ; January to March, | Core le Ley | ! Bergamote Esperen 2 Marie Louise | 1 rier can oe 9 Pitmaston Duchess | 1 Ae ees eects | 1 aster Beurre 2 Beurre de Jonghe 1 | Chaumontel | 1 November. | Glou Morceau 1 | Jean de Witte i Duchesse d’Angou- | Joséphine de | léme 2 Malines 1 Beurré Bose 1 Nec Plus Meuris 1 GROUP I.—SOUTHERN COUNTIES—-HAMPSHIRE. 23 | No. of Times No. of Times Selected. Selected. | } | Stewing Pears. For Orchard Culture. Beurré Rance 2 Beurré Capiau- Catillae | 2 mont 1 Prince Camille de Hessel 1 Rohan | 1 Louise Bonne of | Uvedale’s St. | Jersey | 1 Germain 1 Nec Plus Meuris 1 Verulam | 1 HAMPSHIRE. Exhibitors. 1.—The Rev. J. L. Carricx, Spring Hill, Southampton. Number of Varieties Exhibited ar as bie se cere) V2: Observations. —Examples small. Beurré Clairgeau was noted for its high colouring, Grosse Calebasse was very fine and large, Dana's Hovey small, but of fine quality. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation moderately sheltered, open to south and south-east, much sloping to east. Soil, partly gravel, partly clayey. The finer fruits are from the heavier soil. I find Pears succeed very poorly on the Quince stock compared with those on the Pear. Many ofthe kinds grown here do not bear well till they are about 12 or 15 years old. 2.—Viscount Everstey, Heckfield Place, Winchfield. (W. Wildsmith, Gardener. ) Number of Varieties Exhibited ane hit bog Bad 90 Observations—One of the most meritorious collections ex- hibited, the specimens in nearly every instance being large, handsome, and well grown, of excellent quality, and correctly named. It was extremely interesting to note the different and altered appearances of the fruits in this collection as grown on the Quince or Pear stocks—the superiority of the Quince being very manifest. The following were noted as specially fine, viz. : Urbaniste, Beurré Clairgeau, Beurré de Capiaumont, Durondeau, 24 GROUP I.—SOUTHERN COUNTIES—HAMPSHIRE. Louise Bonne of Jersey, Maréchal dela Cour, Colmar D’Arem- berg, Beurré Hardy, Flemish Beauty, very highly coloured, Doyenné du Comice, Pitmaston Duchess, very fine, Olivier des Serres, Seckle, Winter Nelis. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation sheltered, open to south and east. Soil, ight sandy loam, resting on gravel and sand. Our soil being light, it is trenched deeply before planting, a few $-inch bones being all the manure that is mixed directly with the soil, preference being given to manuring by surface mulchings of farm or stable-yard manure. As a rule, the trees are lifted and replanted the second year after being first planted, a plan that, as regards trees on the Quince stock, renders any further root-pruning to promote fertility unnecessary. Trees on Pear stock are treated exactly the same when first planted, but they grow so luxuriantly that we have to partially root-prune them once in three years. As regards pruning, the young growths being closely pinched back twice during the summer, very little winter pruning is needed other than the removal of a shoot that may be crowding another, or a long spur that has be- ~ come budless at its base. Trees on walls we protect, when in flower, with Serim canvas, and bushes and cordons, as far as practicable, with Spruce Fir boughs and Birch spray. I have a decided preference for the Quince stock, but it should be under- stood that high feeding is a necessity to keep the trees growing ; fruiting goes without saying—those who don’t mean to feed, and don’t like hard work, and yet. want a few Pears, should stick to the natural stock. Varieties of Pears suited to Hampshire, SELECTED BY The Rev. J. L. Carrick, Southampton. W. Wicvsmitn, Heckfield Gardens, Winchfield. No. of Times . | No. of Times Selected. | Selected. July and August. | September. | se | ea a4 Beurré Giffard 1 Beurré d’Amanlis | if Souvenir du Congres if Fondante | Williams’s Bon | d’Automne | 1 Chretien 1 Hessel 1 Williams’s Seedling | 1 Madame Treyye | 1 VARIETIES OF PEARS SUITED TO HAMPSHIRE. bh Or Summer Bon Chrétien Williams’s Bon Chrétien October. Louise Bonne of Jersey Autumn Bergamot Beurré d’Amanlis 5, Bachelier oy Hardy » supertin Brown Beurré Seckle Urbaniste November. Marie Louise Beurré Clairgeau Doyenné du Comice Duchesse d Angou- léme Gansel’s Bergamot | Pitmaston Duchess Thompson's Van Mons Léon Leclere Winter Crassane December: Glou Morceau Beurré Bachelier Chaumontel Dana’s Hovey General Tottleben Huyshe’s Victoria Napoléon Seckle Winter Nelis No. of Times Selected. 2 1 1 1 1 i ie 1 1 1 ee No foe fare fk feed a a ee UN) January to March. Easter Beurré Bergamote Esperen Beurre Rance Chaumontel Joséphine de Malhnes Knight’s Monarch Nec Plus Meuris Olivier de Serres St. Germain For Orchard Culture. Louise Bonne of Jersey Althorp Crassane Autumn Bon Chrétien Beurré d Amanlis ,, Caplaumont on Piel Chaumontel Comte de Lamy Dunmore Kyewood Jersey Gratioli Marie Louise Swan’s Egg Williams’s Bon Chrétien William’s Seedling. Winter Nelis Stewing Pears. Catillac Verulam Beurré Rance Biack Worcester Grosse Calebasse No. of Times - Selected. i ee re re _ ht EL ee DO bO 26 GROUP I.—SOUTHERN COUNTIES. KENT. Exhibitors. 1.—Gezo. Bunyarp & Co., Nurserymen, Maidstone. Number of Varieties Exhibited £5 Vee a soo. ONG Observations—A yYremarkably interesting collection, the ex- amples, chiefly from pyramids, of fine size and excellent quality, and all correctly named. ‘The following varieties were specially noted, viz.: Emile d@Heyst, B. Hardy, Glou Morgeau, Marie Louise d’Uccle (from standard), Beurré Bachelier, Durondeau (from Quince), Pitmaston Duchess, Marie Louise, Fondante d’Automne, Beurré Clairgeau, Excellente de Coloma, and the new Japanese variety, named Daimio. Hehibitors Remarks.—Fruit chiefly grown on pyramid and standard trees ; moderately sheltered ; soil, sandy loam overlying sandstone rocks. Except for very ight sandy soils, all garden Pears should be on the Quince stock, and we prefer palmette or candelabra trees to cordons. Pyramids require root-pruning every two or three years, and should not be so closely pruned as they are generally. All orchard Pears should be on the Pear stock, and be freely thinned of spare wood. 2.—T’. Bunyarp, Nurseryman, Ashford. Number of Varieties Exhibited a, nae Pe ee en Ree Se ee bd bd bo bO He Ot OO eS bo bo bt i) No. of Times Selected. Winter Nelis Conseiller de la Cour Beurré Bose », Clairgeau Délices d’Harden- pont Fondante de Cuerne Gansel’s Seckle Glou Morgeau Huyshe’s Prince of Wales Knight’s Monarch Napoléon Passe Colmar Van Mons Léon Leclere December. Chaumontel General Tottleben Glou Morcgeau Knight’s Monarch Winter Nelis Beurré Bachelier » Berckmans an JD) 5 bllardyy, melivatace Doyenné du Comice os Defais Huyshe’s Berga- mot Marie Bendist Mathew’s Eliza Nouvelle Fulvie Prince of Wales Thompson’s Vicar of Winkfield Vineuse Winter Bon Chré- tien Zéphirin Louis fat pet pet et ft bet tt 0D OD OO WH OD a et VARIETIES OF PEARS SUITED TO KENT. 33 No. of Times No. of Times Selected. Selected. January to March. Beurre Giftard 1 5, Goubault 1 Joséphine de Catillac 1 Malines 6 Chalk or Sweet Bergamote Ksperen) 5 Water 1 Easter Beurré 5 Chaumontel 1 Beurre Rance 3 Emile d’Héyst 1 Olivier de Serres | 3 Hyewood i Duchesse de Bor- | Fertility 1 deaux | 2 Hessel 1 Beurré @’Aremberg if Joséphine de » sterckmans 1 Malines 1 Broom Park 1 Knight's Monarch 1 Doyenné d’Alengon 1 Lammas 1 Madame Millet 1 Marie Louise 1 Marie Benoist 1 Marie Louise Nouvelle Fulvie if d’Uccle i | Napoléon 1 forOrchard Culture. Nec Plus Meuris 1 Pitmaston Duchess 1 Beurre Capiatumont| 4 Spring Beurre 1 Hessel 3 Summer Thorn 1 Louise Bonne of Windsor 1 Jersey 3 Jargonelle 3 Stewing Pears. Williams’s Bon Chrétien 3 Catillae 5 Bishop’s Thumb 2 Uvedale’s St. Ger- Broom Park 2 main 4. Crassane d’EKté 2 Bellissime d’ Hiver 3 Green Chisel 2 Verulam | 2 Seckle 2 Vicar of Winkfield 2 Swan’s Keg 2 Bezi d’Heéry 1 Althorp Crassane 1 Black Worcester 1 Aston Town if Grosse Calebasse 1 Beurré d’Amanlis 1 Léon Leclere de 1 Laval 1 ,» Clairgeau 34 GROUP I.—SOUTHERN COUNTIES. MIDDLESEX. Hahibitors. 1.—KH. Cuapwicx, Gardener to E. M. Netson, Esq., Hanger Hill, Kaling. Number of Varieties Exhibited oN one oe Ne eer is) Observations. —Kixamples mostly small, those of Marie Louise d’Uccle and Duchesse d’Angouléme being the more noteworthy. Hahibitor’s Remarks.—The Pears exhibited by me were grown in the kitchen garden here, which is walled in, and sheltered on the north and north-east by large trees, which afford protection, in the spring. . The soil is heavy loam, about 15 inches deep ; subsoil, heavy clay. Although very elevated, it retains the moisture in the autumn and winter so much that we are unable to work it in any way after the autumn rains until spring. ‘The espalier trees are trained on wires ; they are mostly young. Our pyramids are very old, but bear well, especially Louise Bonne of Jersey. 2.—h. L. Cosu, Rupert House, Chiswick. Number of Varieties Exhibited sg 330 io ae 6 Observations.—Hixamples moderately good, Colmar d’Aremberg being of good size. Ehibitor’s Remarks.—Situation, sheltered. Soil, sandy loam, on gravel. 3.—R. Dean, Seed-grower, Bedfont. Number of Varieties Exhibited ot gc) cin hee 1, Observations.—ixamples of moderate size, the following being noted as worthy: Knight’s Monarch, Beurré Diel, Marie Louise, Huyshe’s Victoria. Exhibitor's Remarks.—-Situation open, exposed to east and west winds. Soil, stiff loam, with clay subsoil. Wilhams’s and Hessel are by far the chief kinds grown, and invariably upon free or Pear stocks, usually as standards, getting little pruning beyond an occasional thinning. My own trees, of various kinds, are all on Pear stocks, the best fruiters being —— GROUP 1.—SOUTHERN COUNTIES—MIDDLESEX. 35 Alexandre Lambré, which is really a splendid cropper, aud Swan’s Ege. Other kinds seem to fruit too irregularly to render their culture on Pear stocks profitable. Marie Louise alone is double worked, on the Quince, as cordons on west wall and as bushes. In both cases the double working seems to have provoked needless strong growth, and whilst blooming freely do not fruit freely. The trees in this case are about 8 years planted, and all those on free-growing stocks about 15 years planted. 4,—H. G. Drarer, Acton Green. Number of Varieties Exhibited ie ee Hee ee 6 Observations.—Kixamples small. 5.—Joun Granam, Cranford, Hounslow. Number of Varieties Exhibited... it ee i 2 Observations.—The examples of Autumn Nelis, a variety raised by the late Mr. Graham, were especially fine. This is a very finely-flavoured Pear, well worthy of culture by amateurs, but too small for general use. The examples of Seckle were very large and fine. 6.—James Hunpson, Gardener to H. J. Arxinson, Esq., M.P., Gunnersbury House, Acton. Number of Varieties Exhibited se ry ae ey 34 Observations. —Examples moderately good, those of Flemish Beauty, Napoléon, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Catillac, and Beurré Gris d’Hiver being noted as the more prominent. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation exposed, and that chiefly to the east. Soil, heht loam; subsoil, gravel. These exhibits are chiefly from unpruned or moderately pruned trees of considerable size, the greater portion of which are treated as orchard trees, the ground between them being: annually cropped with vegetables. We suffer much from injury by considerable exposure to easterly winds, also from drought during dry seasons, such as this and the preceding year. Our water supply being very much limited, no assistance in way of watering has been possible. No thinning of the fruit has been practised. The Pear stock in nearly every case hag been employed. ‘The greater portion of the fruit exhibited has been gathered from trees planted about 35 years. OH, 36 GROUP I.—SOUTHERN COUNTIES—MIDDLESEX. 7.—Jones, Arunde! Hotel, Victoria Embankment. Number of Varieties Exhibited (Beurré Clairgeau) a 1 Observations —Examples very large. 8.—J. Lapps, 4, Craven Terrace, Ealing. Number of Varieties Exhibited a. th as aL 4 Observations. —Fruit small. 9.—C. Leet & Son, Nurserymen, Ealing, W. Number of Varieties Exhibited _.... pee ro ee LO Observations.—All the examples in this collection were of fair size, typical of the various sorts, and true toname. The following were noted as the more prominent, mostly from pyramids on Pear stock: Pitmaston Duchess, Beurré Sterckmans, Easter Beurré, Doyenné du Comice, Duchess d’Angouléme, Beurre Clairgeau, Grosse Calebasse, Winter Nelis, Seckle, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Beurré Bosc. 3 10.—James L. Mircuett, 36, Pembury Road, Clapton, E. Number of Varieties Exhibited ie ies a ae 3 Observations.—Very fair examples, those of Bellissime d’ Hiver very fine. Exhibitor's Remarks. —Grown in ordinary garden soil, mulched with stable manure, leaf mould, and a little soot; shoots pinched in May and June; stock, Quince. The special feature to which I would draw attention is that of having been grown so near to the centre of London. 11.—-John W. Opry, Gardener to W. Barger, Esq., Pinner. Number of Varieties Exhibited He Pe: ms a 24 Observations.—Fruit small. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation sheltered ; enclosed garden ; soil, heavy loam, on London clay subsoil. The majority are srown on the Pear stock, some on the Quince; the former appears to be the best for our soil, The pyramid trees give the largest crops. GROUP I.—SOUTHERN COUNTIES—MIDDLESEX. od 12.—J. Roperts, Gardener to Messrs. Roruscuttp, Gunnersbury Park, Acton. Number of Varieties Exhibited _... + Ae tet AS Observations.—Examples of fair average size and quality. The following were noted as the more remarkable: Pitmaston Duchess (from a cordon on the Pear), Marie Louise (from pyramid), Beurré Clairgeau, Marie Louise d’Uccle, Beurré Bose, Thompson’s, British Queen, Beurré Diel, and Van Mons Léon Leclerc. 13.—Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick. Number of Varieties Exhibited ss Pe an a5 AD) Observations. —Examples of moderate size, but in general clear skinned and good in quality. The following were the most noteworthy: Beurré Superfin, Gansel’s Bergamot, Urbaniste, Maréchal de la Cour, Beurré Hardy, Beurré Sterckmans, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Beurré d’Amanlis, Beurré Defais. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation sheltered, but low-lying ; consequently frequently subject to late spring frosts. Soil, rather a heavy loam, approaching to clay; subsoil, gravel. The greater portion of the fruit shown was grown on pyramid trees about 20 feet in height, chiefly on the Quince stock, which is found much more fruitful and suitable than the Pear, being more directly amenable to cultural skill. The trees are carefully pinched in summer, and spur-pruned during the winter. The practice followed is to stop the shoots during the month of July at about the fifth bud from the base, taking care to stop only those on the upper part of the tree, or such as may be evrowing strong, the weaker shoots and those on the lower part being allowed to grow for a week longer or more before stopping. Thus checking the stronger first and permitting the weaker to grow tends to regulate the flow of sap, and equalize the strength throughout. Another very important matter is to keep the branches thin and clear of each other, so that every part of the tree may be freely exposed to the direct influence of the sun and air. More pyramid trees, are rendered unfruitful through this crowding of the shoots than from any other cause. Root-pruning is only resorted to occasionally (and generally with those on the Pear stock), when the trees grow very luxuriantly, and cannot otherwise be checked. During dry weather the ground is mulched and well watered. 38 GROUP I. 14.--G. TxHompson, Gardener to Messrs. W. & E. WE tts, Croxby House, Hounslow. Number of Varieties Exhibited es ae sie ae 5 Observations —Fruit in general small, but clear and good. The following were noted: Pitmaston Duchess, Beurré Diel, Doyenné du Comice (from pyramid on Quince), Durondeau, Marie Louise (standard), Louise Bonne of Jersey (standard), Maréchal de la Cour. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation, partly sheltered ; soil, light ; subsoil, gravel. The Pears grown here are on pyramids and standards, from 8 to 10 years old. Louise Bonne of Jersey and Beurre Diel are the heaviest croppers, the former domg much better on the Quince than on the Pear stock. Doyenne du Comice and Durondeau do well on the Quince, Souvenir du Congres does well as a standard. The market gardeners in this district depend chiefly on the Hessel—with the Hessel Pear and the Keswick Codlin Apple they are always sure of a crop to take to market. 15.—Joun H. Titty, Kenilworth House, Grosvenor Road, Chiswick. Number of Varieties Exhibited Ait wee oe sth 1 Exhibitor's Remarks.—Soil, good loam; subsoil, gravel. 16.—Verrcu & Sons, Nurserymen, Chelsea. Number of Varieties Exhibited i; ard oe: Kaan dally Observations. —A large and very complete collection, contain- ing the greater number of varieties worthy of cultivation, and several novelties; many of the examples of large size and fine appearance. The following were specially noted: Pitmaston Duchess, Maréchal de la Cour, Beurre Clairgeau, Huyshe’s Victoria (from espaliers), Durondeau, Beurre dAmanlis, Chancellor, Grosse Calebasse, Beurre Hardy, Beurre Diel (from pyramids, chiefly on the Pear), Duchesse d’Angouleme (very fine), Beurré Bosc, Princess of Wales, and Van Mons Léon Leclere (from walls). Some very fine examples of British Queen from a standard tree were noted. 17.—A. B. Warp, Watchfield, Chiswick. Number of Varieties Exhibited ee es ee - 5 Observations. —Ordinary examples of ae fruit, GROUP I.—SOUTHERN COUNTIES—MIDDLESEX. 39 18. Number of Varieties Exhibited soos es ee EMO rs) Joun WoopsrinGr, Syon House Gardens, Brentford. Observations.—KExaimples good. Those of Pitmaston Duchess, from a pyramid on the Pear, especially fine; Beurré Superfin and Beurré Bachelier, from pyramids, were also very excellent, and Duchesse d’Angouléme and Beurré Diel from wall trees. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Grown in walled garden, facing south. Soil, light garden, on sand and gravel. The Pear is cultivated, perhaps, in more ways than any other kind of hardy fruit. It is grown as standards in orchards; as bushes, pyramids, horizontals, and cordons on borders; as horizontals, fans, and cordons on walls; and as pot planis in orchard houses ; and under each of these systems very satisfactory results may be obtained by a judicious selection of kinds most suitable to the locality and situation, and of stocks best adapted to the different modes of culture. Speaking generally as to stocks, I am of opinion that for all trees that are wanted to grow large and to cover a considerable space, whether as standards in orchards, bushes or pyramids in gardens, or trained trees on walls, the Pear or free stock ig best. But, when the trees are required to be kept within bounds, and it is desired to grow a number of kinds in a limited space, then I think the Quince stock is the best, and the cordon and bush form of growth the most suitable. It is a very good plan, where cordons are grown on walls and extra interest taken in their culture, to make a thin gravel walk, about four feet wide, and about two feet from the wall, as by this arrangement it is convenient and pleasant to get at the trees to do whatever may be required at any season of the year, and the radiated heat from the gravel helps to ripen the fruit and wood. 19.—J. Woop, Gardener to Mrs. Sanperson, The Avenue, Chiswick. Number of Varieties Exhibited ne wi ies AEG Observations. —Examples small, chiefly of the more ordinary orchard varieties. 20.—A. Wricut, Gardener to E. H. Warts, Esq., Devonhurst, Chiswick. Number of Varieties Exhibited Son 8 eee ele pen Od: 40 GROUP I.—SOUTHERN COUNTIES—MIDDLESEX. Observations. —Exxamples of moderate character. The following were noted as being very good: Doyenné du Comice and Madame Treyve from walis, also Glou Morcgeau, Beurré Diel, Deux Seurs, Joséphine de Malines, Easter Beurré, Knight's Monarch, from pyramids. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation, sheltered. Soil, good loam on gravel. Chiefly on the Pear stock. The trees are closely spurred in, and bear freely. Varieties of Pears suited to Middlesex, SELECTED BY J. Hupson, Gunnersbury House Gardens, Acton. James L. Mircuexy, Clapton, EH. JW Oprnn,, Pinner: Rovat HorticutturaL Society, Chiswick. G. Tuomeson, Hounslow. J. Woopsrince, Brentford. A. Wricut, Chiswick. No. of Times No. of Times Selected. | Selected. July and August. Beurré d’Amanlis 4 ) Louise Bonne of Jargonelle 6 Jersey 2 Citron des Carmes D Fondante d'Au- Beurré de l’As- | tomne | z somption 1 Hessel | 1 Beurré Giffard 2 Jersey Gratiol 1 Doyenné dEté 2 Madame Treyve 2 Green Chisel 1 Orange Bergamot | 1 London Sugar 1 Souvenir du Con- | Souvenir du Con- eres | 1 pres 1 Summer Beurré October. d’ Aremberg 1 Wilhams’s Kon Louise Bonne of | Chrétien if Jersey | 6 Beurre Superfin 5 September. Marie Louise | 3 Autumn Bergamot | 2 Williams’s Bon Beurré Bose 2 Chrétien 5 3). dardy | 2 VARIETIES OF PEARS | No. of Times SUITED TO | MIDDLESEX. 41 No. of Times Selected. | Selected. Pitmaston Duchess 2 Passe Colmar 3 Beurré d’Amanlis | 1 Beurré d’Aremberg | 3 maa Dial | 1 » Bachelier 2 ee Eland y 1 Doyenne du Doyenné du Comice 2 Comice 1 Vicar of Winkfield 2 Durondeau 1 Winter Nelis | 2 Fondante d'Au- Bergamote Hsperen 1 tomne 2 Beurré Bachelier 1 Maréchal de la a rel 1 Cour 2 >. hance 1 Thompson's 2 Comte de Lamy | 1 General Tottleben | 1 November. Joséphine de | Malines | 2 Marie Louise 4 Marie Louise | 1 Beurré Bose 2 Napoléon | il a Diel y) Winter Nelis | 1 Duchesse d’Angou- Zéphirin Grégoire | 1 léme By | Van Mons Léon January to March. | Leclerc 1 | Belle de Noél 1 Easter Beurré | 5 Beurré Berckmans i Beurré Rance | 4 ,» Clairgeau 1 Joséphine de | 5, superfin 2 Malineg | 4 Conseiller de la epee Wepercn 4 Cour il Nec Plus Meuris 3 Deux Sceeurs 1 Winter Nelis 2 Doyenné du Beurre de J onghe | 1| Comice 2, Duchesse de Durondeau 1 Bordeaux | 1 Glou Morceau 1 Glou Morceau | 1 Marie Louise Knight’s Monarch | 1 d’Uccle 1 Nouvelle Fulvie | 1 Pitmaston Duchess 2 Olivier de Serres | 1 Soldat d’ Esperen 1 Passe Crassane 1 Thompson's 1 | Urbaniste 1 For Orchard Culture. Winter Nelis 1 Willams’s Bon December. Chrétien 6 Louise Bonne of Glou Morceau 7 Jersey | 5 42 VARIETIES OF PEARS SUITED TO MIDDLESEX. | | | No. of Times No. of Times Exhibitors. Selected. Selected. | Hessel 4 Jargonelle 1 Marie Louise 3 Josephine de Autumn Bergamot 2 Malines 1 Beurré d Amaulis 3 Marie Louise ., Capiaumont 3 d’Uccle 2 an rel 2 Pitmaston Catillac 2 Duchess 1 Durondeau 2 Nec Plus Meuris if Jersey Gratioli 2 Seckle 1 Souvenir du Con- Souvenir du eres 2 Congres 1 Alexandre Lambre 1 Swan’s Hee 1 Althorp Crassane | 1 Verulam 1 Beurré Bose | 2 Belle Jule it Stewing Pears. Beurré Clairgeau 1 | “ Bacheher if Catillac | 7“ Se Hardy 1 Uvedale’s St. | " Rance i Germain | 5 i Superfin it Bellissime d’Hiver | 3 Calebasse if Verulam | 2 Citron des Carmes | 1 Bishop’s Thumb 1 Doyenne du Black Pear of Comice 1 Worcester 1 “Flemish Beauty 1 Easter Beurré 1 Fondante d’Au- | Gilogil | 1 tomne | it Vicar of Winkfield - 1 GROUP I.—SOUTHERN COUNTIES. SURREY. 1.—Josepn ArmrieLp, Croham Court, Croydon. Number of Varieties Exhibited Observations,—Fruit small and inferior. 9,—K. Burrety, Gardener, Claremont, Esher. Number of Varieties Exhibited 20 25 Observations. —Hxamples of moderate size, very clear skinned. The following were specially noted, viz. : Duchesse d’Angou- GROUP I.—SOUTHERN COUNTIES—SURREY. 438 léme, Van Mons Léon Leclerc, and Beurré Diel, from walls. Examples of William’s Bon Chrétien, Louise Bonne of Jersey, and Marie Louise, submitted during September, were extremely fine. Evhibitor’s Remarks.—The fruit sent has been grown on very old wall trees, which have been almost entirely renovated within the past few years by cutting away old spurs and laying in young shoots. The stem of a Marie Louise Pear tree girths 2: feet 6 inches at 1 foot from the ground. The soil is a hght, shallow loam; subsoil, sandy, rather moist. 3.—J. Burnerr, The Gardens, The Deepdene, Dorking. Number of Varieties Exhibited we “68 hes A cea Si) Observations—Examples moderately good, the following being noted, viz.: Beurre Superfin, from a pyramid on the Quince; Louise Bonne of Jersey, from a standard ; Marie Louise, and Pitmaston Duchess. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation, sheltered from north-east. . Soil, sandy loam, of good depth, resting on green sand. The most of the Pears here are grown on very old pyramid trees. the branches tramed downwards. They are mostly on the Quince, and usually bear very freely. They are dressed freely with stable manure every winter, and are never root-pruned, excepting those on the Pear stocks occasionally. When the trees get to the size that is required, they are kept continually pruned, so that to-day they are much the same size as they were 30 years ago. A large number of cordons have been recently planted, which have cropped well this year, the second after planting. een Coomss, Gardener to Sir H. Mevux, Bart., Sheen House, Mortlake. Number of Varieties Exhibited ipo Ms ae. a OO) Observations. —Kixamples of fair average merit. Hahibitor’s Remarks.—Fruit grown on pyramids, bush, and espalier trees on the Quince stock. Soil, light; subsoil, gravel. Garden faces north. 5.—G. W. Cummins, Gardener to A. H. Surz, Esq., The Grange, Wallington. Number of Varieties Exhibited CNT ee pur ee 44 GROUP I.—SOUTHERN COUNTIES SURREY. Observations.—Examples of fair average size, moderately good. The following were noted: Eyewood, from a pyramid on the Quince, also Beurre Clairgeau, Maréchal de la Cour, Suffolk Thorn, and Doyenné du Comice. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation, low and damp, sheltered on the east by tall forest trees; open to south and west. Soil, light peaty, on wet gravelly subsoil. ‘«My Garden.—At Wallington our Pearsare almost exclusively grown on the Quince stock, and are worked close to the ground. Some few varieties, such as Gansel’s Bergamot and Marie Louise, are worked upon a Pear, which has itself been grafted upon the Quince ; and a very few, such as Jargonelle and Nec Plus Meuris, are grown on the Pear stock, because they do not succeed well when they are grafted on the Quince. The Quince-rooted Pear trees are grown as pyramids, all eut to one height, nine feet. The rule is to pinch the top shoots in June, when the first shoots appear, and it is a good plan to pinch back the young shoots to about three leaves at the upper half of the tree a few days before the shoots of the lower half of the tree are touched, because the upper shoots have a tendency to grow much more strongly than those on the lower half. In winter, when the exuberant shoots of the tree are cut back, care is taken not to cut off the bearing spurs. In the poor exhausted humus of the ground at Wallington, old brick rubbish is very desirable, the pieces of broken bricks, the sulphate of lime, carbonate of lime, sand, and burnt garden refuse, mixed together, being favourable to growth.” When the trees are allowed to remain several years without lifting, the roots find their way down to the wet subsoil, and then seldom bear satisfactorily. A number are lifted each year and replanted in good maiden loam, brick rubbish, &.; the following season the surface of the ground is a mass of fibrous roots, and the trees are furnished with short healthy shoots. The Pears here this year are generally under- sized, on account of lifting and the excessive drought during summer. All the trees are supposed to be under 30 years of age. 6.—James Dray, Gardener to G. W. Lerveson-Gower, Esq., Titsey Place, Limpsfield. Number of Varieties Exhibited nm a Rs eke Pg 2! ——=— ~ . GROUP I.—SOUTHERN COUNTIES—SURREY. 45 Observations. —Examples generally of good size, very pale in colour. Duchesse d’Angouléme and Easter Beurré, from walls, were specially fine, also Pitmaston Duchess and Matthew’s Elisa. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation, sheltered ; south-west aspect. Soil, artificial ; subsoil, chalk, which is very detrimental to the roots, so that they often require lfting—I generally make it a triennial practice of doing so. This I have found to be judicious, as it checks the too rapid flow of the sap, and this enables the tree to ripen its wood and also seems to arrest canker ; in regard to this, however, I question if an insect is not in the secret. About midwinter last year I made an inspection of an infected part with the aid of a microscope, and under the bark I discovered several formidable insects, something in shape of the woodlouse, but much smaller, with stripes running horizontally across the body. Do you think these insects had anything to do with the injury caused to the tree, as this year I have watched the affected parts in which they had taken up their winter quarters last year, and after carefully cutting and removing the bark in which they were concealed, and applying a little paraffin in a diluted form, I have the satisfaction to say that not only the insects have disappeared but the wound is healing, and no trace of canker this year up to the present has shown itself? Would this be worthy of the notice of your Committee ? Our orchard trees here are planted in a slovenly manner in order to save expense. In the first place, no preparation was made for the roots; these were spread out upon the bare turf, the chalk underlying this, and then merely adding occasionally what soil they seemed to require; and still the young trees are doing well under this treatment, and very free from canker, so that, whether it be a wet soil or an insect which is the cause of canker, I should like to be enlightened upon it; if proved to be the Jatter, it would save a deal of labour. The old trees here are grafted on the Free stock. On this stock trees srow stronger, but the roots soon get down to the chalk, and the trees become unhealthy, showing a yellow tint duving summer. Of course these trees could not easily be root-pruned, as it would take along time for them to recover. I am gradually replacing them with young trees. The soil here is the worst I ever had to contend with for fruit growing, as not only the Pear, but even the Currant and Gooseberry bushes, show the 46 GROUP I.—SOUTHERN COUNTIES —SURREY. same yellow foliage. After being planted about six years they gradually die away; it is not strange to find the strongest Pears affected in the same manner after being planted 50 years or more. Pruning.—My method is to well thin the buds in June, where they are too thick, and about the end of July I stop the young shoots at proper lengths, so as to prevent the buds breaking at the base ; then, as soon as the fruit is gathered from the tree, I go over them a second time to thin all superfluous branches, so as to admit as much sun and light as possible, in order to ripen the wood ; wherever this attention is given not much pruning is required in winter. " eee 24 Observations.—Examples fine, clear skinned. The follow- ing were specially noted: Doyenné du Comice, Van Mons Léon Leclerc, Beurré Diel, Pitmaston Duchess, from wall trees, and Duchesse d’Angouléme from a pyramid on the Quince. Exhibitor's Remarks.—South aspect, exposed to east and west winds. Soil, sandy loam; subsoil, sandy gravel and sand-rock, impregnated with iron. Situation very subject to spring frosts. When the roots get down to the subsoil, the fruit becomes spotted and the flavour is not so good. We lift the trees the second year after receiving them from the nursery, and again in three years; after that time the roots spread more to the surface by keeping them well mulched. This brings the trees to fruit early, checks rank growth, and when the wood is well ripened the blossom withstands more frost. 2.—J. Botuanp, Imberhorne Gardens, East Grinstead. Number of Varieties Exhibited Bek ee = Capek Ti GROUP I.—SOUTHERN COUNTIES—SUSSEX. 5d Observations.—Examples small and rough. Techibitor's Remarks.—Fully exposed to south and east. Soil, cold heavy clay. 3.—Gro. M. Breese, Petworth Park Gardens, Petworth. PomaincnomWarieiies Exhibited ~..-.-... os... ..«-. ..-. 68 Observations. —A remarkably fine lot of fruit. Examples large and well grown, of exceptionally high colour and richly flavoured. The following were specially noted: Beurré Clairgeau, from pyramid; Catillac, from wall, highly coloured; Bellissime d’Hiver, from cordon on the Quince, extremely beautiful; Emile d’Héyst, Duchesse d’Angouléme, Durondeau, Marie Bendist, from cordons on the Quince ; Hacon’s Incomparable, Fondante d’AutOmne, Beurré Diel, from walls; Pitmaston Duchess, Bergamote d’Esperen, Joséphine de Malines. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Soil, maiden loam, mixed with black garden mould; originally light, rich loam, from 3 to 4 feet deep; resting on sandstone rock. I get the finest fruit from cordons on Quince, but it takes seven years to establish a good wall of cordons. I find many sorts refuse to grow, for years remain stunted and miserable ; some sorts are not improved in flavour when grown large on the Quince stock. I often get excellent Pears from pyramids—not pruned too hard—also from wall trees on Pear stocks, which, although not such fine-looking fruit, are of excellent flavour. 4,—Epwin Bursury, Castle Gardens, Arundel. Number of Varieties Exhibited ... ... ... .. .. B0 Observations.—Examples of average merit, those of Beurré Clairgeau, Beurrée Bosc, Easter Beurré, and Pitmaston Duchess being the most meritorious. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation, warm and sheltered. Soil, light; subsoil, chalk. 5.—Wmn. CarmicHaEL, Bognor. Number of Varieties Exhibited ... ... aS whe ae 5 Observations—Examples of good ‘average merit, those of Louise Bonne of Jersey especially good,. 56 GROUP I.—SOUTHERN COUNTIES——-SUSSEX. 6.—J. Conan & Sons, Nurserymen, Crawley. Number of Varieties Exhibited .. at 3 avs a 55 Observations.—Fruit of fair average merit throughout, clear skinned and well grown. ‘The following, grown on cordons on the Quince, specially noteworthy: Durondeau, Doyenné du Comice, Doyennée Boussoch, Beurre Superfin, Beurré Rance, Van Mons Léon Leclerc, Grosse Calebasse, Pitmaston Duchess. Exhibitors’ Remarks.—Situation, sheltered; aspect, southern. Soil, moderately heavy ; subsoil, clay. All the largest and best fruits sent to the Conference were grown on cordon trees, trained obliquely on wire fences, on the Quince stock. Our soil here is well adapted for the growth of fruit trees. We find the majority of Pears do well here on the Quince stock, but some varieties we have to double work. Our method of pruning the cordons is very simple. We go over them the first time about the end of June, or beginning of July, according to the season; then, if the tree has a fair crop of fruit, it enables it to swell and ripen. We find with most sorts the fruit prevents much further wood growth ; but, whatever there is, we go over again about the middle of September and prune back. In dry seasons we give a slight mulching of manure, which is very beneficial to the trees. The pyramid trees we prune in spring, after the frosts are over, taking out all superfluous shoots, to admit as much sun and air as possible. During the summer we only pinch back the strongest shoots. Pears are not largely grown as orchard trees n this district, but those which are, do well. Apples are grown much more extensively in orchards. 7.—Sipney Forp, Gardener to W. E. Huspparp, Egq., Leonardslee, Horsham. Number of Varieties Exhibited... aS ee ah see 73 Observations.—-Fruit of fair average merit, clear skinned, and well grown, the following being specially noted: Beurré d’Anjou, Marie Louise d’Uccle, General Tottleben, Pitmaston Duchess, Durondeau, Josephine de Malines. Eehibitor’s Remarks.—Situation, sheltered from north-east ; aspect, south, 273 feet above sea-level. Soil varies from a sandy loam to stiff clay ; subsoil, consisting of sandy gravel and sand- GROUP I.—SOUTHERN -COUNTIES—SUSSEX. 537) rock. Our Pears are small this season, many having been root- pruned last year. As a rule they do well here as pyramids on ge Pear stock. 8.—JosnupH Rust, Eridge Castle Gardens, Tunbridge Wells. Mamalaewwor Varieties Exhibited :...: 00... Gee oo ate eae 92 BG Observations. —Examples fairly good. Those of Doyenné du Comice, Van Mons Léon Leclerc, Doyenné d’Alencgon, Beurré Clairgeau, Marie Louise, Beurrée Diel, and Beurré Hardy very fine. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation, 400 feet above sea-level, and but little sheltered. Soil, stiff loam ; subsoil, gravel. Our Pears are mostly grown on the Quince stock. Very little pruring is required, simply thinning out the branches where crowded. The trees are mulched in summer, and the ground is never dug in winter, surface rooting being encouraged. Varieties of Pears suited to Sussex, SELECTED BY J. Annerson, Rowfant, Crawley. G. M. Breese, Petworth Park. E. Bursury, Castle Gardens, Arundel. J. Cueat & Sons, Crawley. S. Forp, Leonardslee Gardens, Horsham. J. Rust, Eridge Gardens, Tunbridge Wells. SS TS No. of Times No. of Times Selected. Selected. July and August. September. Jargonelle 5 Beurré dAmanlis . 6 Beurre Giffard 3 Williams’s Bon Citron des Carmes | 3 Chretien 4 Clapp’s Favourite Si Souvenir du Con- Doyenné d’Eté 2 eres 3 Willams’s Bon | Beurré Superfin il Chrétien | 2 Brockworth Park Souvenir du Con-. (Bonne d’Ezée) 1 grés 1 Flemish Beauty 1 58 VARIETIES OF PEARS SUITED TO SUSSEX. | No. of Times No. of Times Selected. Selected. | | Fondante d’Au- | Passe Colmar 2 tomne 1 Pitmaston Duchess 2 Jargonelle if Besi de St. Waast L Madame Treyve 1 Beurre d’ Anjou 1 » Bachelier 1 October. in Ose 1 | Conseiller de la Louise Bonne of. Cour 1 Jersey | 5 Durondeau 1 Marie Louise 4 Forelle 1 Comte de Lamy | 3 General Tottleben 1 Gansel’s Bergamot | 3 Napoléon 1 Pitmaston Duchess | 3 Nouveau Poiteau il Beurré Bose | 2 Thompson's 1 au Elardy, | 2 Autumn Bergamot | il December. Belle Julie | 1 Beurré d’Amanlis 1 Beurre Bachelier 4 » Capiau Glou Morgeau +: mont 1 Beurre d’ Aremberg 3 Brown Beurreé 1 Winter Nelis 3 Doyenné Boussoch 1 Chaumontel 2 Emile d’Héyst 1 Beurré d’ Anjou 1 Kyewood 1 ,, Clairgeau 1 Fondante d’Au- | sw, ue rel | 1 tomne | 1 Doyenne d’Alengon ib Jersey Gratioli | 1 Doyenné du Comice 1 Marie Louise Duchesse de d’Uccle | 1 Bordeaux 1 Seckle | 1 Inconnue (Van | Thompson's 1 Mons.) | 1 Joséphine de November. Malines 1 Knight’s Monarch 1 Doyenné du Napoléon 1 Comice 4 Nec Plus Meuris 1 Beurré Diel | 3 Nouvelle Fulvie 1 Duchesse d’Angou- | Olivier de Serres 1 léme 3 Passe Colmar | 1 Van Mons Léon | Président Mas | 1 Leclere 3 Triomphe de | Chaumontel 2 Jodoigne 1 Glou Morcgeau 2 Zéphirin Grégoire 1 Marie Louise 2 VARIETIES OF PEARS SUITED TO SUSSEX. | | January to March. Bergamote Es- peren Beurré Rance Josephine de Malines Nec Plus Meuris Passe Crassane Easter Beurré Olivier de Serres Beurré Berckmans Chaumontel Directeur Alphand Doyenné d’ Alencon Ineconnue Jean de Witte Knight’s Monarch Madame Millet Marie Bendist Napoléon Zéphirin Gregoire | For Orchard Culture. Marie Louise Louise Bonne of Jersey Beurré Bose ,, Capiaumont ,, Clairgeau a Diel Williams’s Bon Chrétien | Autumn Bergamot Beurré d’Amanlis » superfin Comte de Lamy No. of Times Selected. Hs He feeb fame fee peek feed fk fk fet Feet Pe eet KD BD OD OD CD Or oo op GO OD bo bd bw bd} & | No. of Times | Sélected. Eyewood Jersey Gratioli Belle Julie Bergamote Es- peren Beurré Bachelier aon blardy Bishop’s Thumb Chaumontel Conseiller de la Cour Doyenné d'Eté Durondeau Hacon’s Incom- parable Hessel Emile d’ Héyst Joséphine de Malines Knight’s Monarch Lammas Rouse Lench Seckle Suffolk Thorn Thompson’s Winter Nelis Stewing Pears. Catillac Bellissime d’Hiver Uvedale’s St. Germain Verulam Vicar of Winkfield Beurre Clairgeau Black Pear of Worcester H~ OD Ph ph eh ek be ek Pd LL bet eh ft mA hS He — 60 GROUP I.—SOUTHERN COUNTIES. WILTSHIRE. Exhibitors. 1.—G. Attey, Ramsbury Manor Gardens, Hungerford. Number of Varieties Hixhibited-92.4, 54 =o aoe ee Observations.—Fruit small, those of Pitmaston Duchess and Doyenné du Comice very good. Erhibitor’s Remarks.—Situation, low. Soil, strong loam ; chalk subsoil. Pyramids and standards produce but little fruit, as owing to the low situation we suffer much from spring frost. Single cordons on wall produce good crops. Brockworth Park (Bonne d’Ezée) is very good here this season. 2.—Buarr Cocurane, Seend Manor House, Seend. Number of Varieties Exhibited .. ies Me ¥ a 8 Observations.—F rut mostly small, those of Beurre Clairgeau large and good. Exhibitor's Remarks.—F rom walled garden on high hill, not much sheltered. Soil, sandy, 1 foot deep, rich; subsoil, iron- rock. Trees mostly old. Fruit fine in wet seasons, but this is not a good Pear soil. They are pruned in summer by thinning shoots ; and also receive a slight winter pruning, except wall trees, which are pruned more in winter than pyramids. I prefer pyramids and standards to wall trees, the fruit is usually finer. 3.—A. Mituer, Gardener to W. H. Lone, Esq., M.P., Rood Ashton Court, Trowbridge. Number of Varieties Exhibited ... a bolle _ ia 59 Observations.—Fruit in general small, the examples of Beurré Superfin, Beurré de Capiaumont, Comte de Flandres, Nec Plus Meuris, and Doyenné Boussoch being noteworthy. Eahihitor’s Remarks.—Situation, sheltered. Soil, deep, heavy loam, on sandy subsoil. Fruits sent grown mostly on pyramids 10 years planted, grafted on the Pear stock. GROUP I.— SOUTHERN COUNTIES—WILTSHIRE. 61 4.—H. W. Warp, Longford Castle Gardens, Salisbury. Mimnberon Warieties Exhibited ...c.... 0 .. eae er | 4G Observations. —Examples of moderate quality, those of Beurré Clairgeau. Doyenné du Comice, and Beurré Diel being noted ag very good. 5.—C. Warpen, Gardener to Sir F. H. Baruurst, Bart., Clarendon Park, Salisbury. Number of Varieties Exhibited ... aah Ae eh tis 25 Observations.—Fruit of fair average size and merit, those of Duchesse d'Angouléme, from an espalier, very fine, also Doyenné Boussoch and Beurré Clairgeau. Exhibitor's Remarks.—The garden from which the fruits sub- mitted were gathered is about 310 feet above the level of the sea, and slopes gradually to the south. The soil is a strong loam, now black from the length of time it has been worked, and is resting on a bed of strong clay. Many of the trees are rather old, and doubtless have penetrated to the clayey subsoil ; some are known to be in such a position, as the fruit produced on them is scabby, and cracks in autumn before being gathered, and will not keep sufficiently long to ripen; the only use of such fruit is for stewing. We have lifted the roots of some of the trees and have found the fruit much cleaner after such an operation. We have neither standard nor pyramid trees in the garden, and the whole of our supplies are from espalier and wall trees. Many of the trees have several kinds on them, a plan which I have nothing to say against when it is not carried to the extreme, as it gives a greater variety, and extends the season of some kinds by having them variously situated. In winter pruning, we prefer to cut the growth close back to the main stem where there are no fruit spurs, and thinning the latter where they are too numerous, and find that we get plenty of spurs formed on most kinds under this treatment. But itis not prac- ticable with all kinds, among which may be named Marie Louise and Van Mons Léon Leclerc. When the spurs are once allowed to get straggling and growing away from the main © branches, it is no easy matter to get them close again. The plan we adopt is to saw them off a few at a time, when they break out close and eventually form neat fruiting spurs. 62 Varieties of Pears suited to Wiltshire, G. Auten, Ramsbury Manor, Hungerford. Buatr Cocurane, Seend House, Seend. A. Mitter, Jun., Rood Ashton Court, Trowbridge. C. Warpen, Clarendon Park, Salisbury. SELECTED BY Sea and August. Bou Giffard ° Doyenné d’ Kté Jargonelle Williams’s Bon Chrétien Citron des Carmes Clapp’s Favourite September. Williams’s Bon Chrétien Beurré d’Amanlis Brockworth Park Ambrosia Beurré Goubault Clapp’s Favourite Flemish Beauty Jargonelle Madame 'Treyve Souvenir du Con- oTes October. Louise Bonne of Jersey Beurre Superfin » Hardy Comte de Lamy Doyenné Boussoch Duchesse d’Angou- léme | No. of Times Selected. ram Bee eee po pw ee po oo co Dot wow fe bo Jersey Gratioli Beurré Capiaumont ee abel Brockworth Park Chaumontel Dunmore Emile d’ Héyst Marie Louise Marie Louise d’Uccle Pitmaston Duchess) Seckle November. Beurré Diel Marie Louise Beurré Clairgeau Conseiller de la Cour Thompson’s Alexandre Lambré Althorp Crassane Autumn Bergamot Bergamot Beurre Bose Comte de Flandres Doyenné du Comice Duchesse d’ Andou léme Gansel’s Bergamot Marie Louise d’Uccle No. of Times Selected. ee el OO NO a) CO Ox ao ee Oe ee Or a) he a VARIETIES | No. of Times Selected. December. | Beurré d’ Aremberg ,, Baehelier Passe Colmar Glou Morgeau Hacon’s Incom- parable Knight’s Monarch Winter Nelis | Alexandre Lambré | Chaumontel Comte de Flandres General Tottleben Maréchal Vaillant | Vicar of Winkfield | Zéphirin Grégoire | January to March. Bergamote Esperen Beurré Rance | Easter Beurré Glou Morceau Nec Plus Meuris Josephine de Malines Winter Nelis Beurre d’Aremberg Chaumontel | Huyshe’s Victoria | Knight’s Monarch | | bo co WH wD Pea ae ee NO NO A) co co tw GW WD peek Ft et bet KD DO OF PEARS SUITED TO WILTSHIRE. No. of Times Selected. if! 1 Madame Millet | Passe Crassane | For Orchard Culture. Williams’s Bon | Chretien | Autumn Bergamot. Bergamote Esperen Beurre Capiaumont sp Del | , Superfin | Chaumontel | Hessel | Jersey Gratioli Lammas Louise Bonne of Jersey | Madame Treyve Marie Louise Windsor Winter Nelis Stewiny Pears. Catillac Uvedale’s St. Ger- main Vicar of Winkfield Beurré Clairgeau Gilles 6 Gilles ee ee oe et No rn a me CD OD { = Cz ; ae! i ; ; j : . i aR t y ; . - : So . } k i | = \ j eeu ‘ : = 7 : : , t : t 7 Y 3 3 ~ Me 5 t ‘ r F i ; E ‘ j 3 ‘ i = i is Aa — “ L r rs 2 } ‘ : CER ent e 5 : \ | = . iN = X i , z : ; Je ; . ' ) i) : 1 Ze S Z I : = : roe ; ‘ } t | ce pa or { BAT ene ¥ Been sy i “ GROUP ITI. 1. CAMBRIDGESHIRE _.... 1 13 245 JUSS) a a rire oe 5 282 3. LINCOLNSHIRE pee if 30 4. NORFOLK see bas 4 88 5. SUFFOLK sit nae 2 49 67 GROUP II.—EASTERN COUNTIES. CAMBRIDGESHIRE. Kahibitor. 1.—Miss Frances Cuerere, Papworth Hall, near St. Ives. Nunboerion Varieties Mxhibited: .,. ~~... ... ws. ee) «(18 Observations.—Specimens very large, extremely well grown and clear skinned, those of Doyenné du Comice, Beurré Hardy, Beurré Bachelier, from pyramids on the Quince, and Glou Morceau, Marie Louise, and Conseiller de la Cour, from walls, being specially fine. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation, sheltered. Soil, very strong loam on blue galt, but made better by burnt earth and manure. GROUP II1.—EASTERN COUNTIES. ESSEX. Exhibitors. 1.—F. C. Barker, Heatherdale, Woodford Green. (For the Epping Forest District Committee.) Nimveromevareties| ixhibited ... -.2... ©o cea aa 62 Observations.—Hixamples very good, clear skinned. The fol- lowing were specially noted: Doyenné Boussoch, from Espalier on the Quince, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Doyenné du Comice, Duchesse d’Angouléme, General Tottleben, and Easter Beurré. Kahibitor’s Remarks.—Grown mostly on pyramids on the Quince. Soil, stiff loam, on clay subsoil. 2.—W. Dance, Gardener to Colonel Lowe, Gosfield Ha!! Halstead. Number of Varieties ixhibitedia eis tee et Fa ok GO Observations.—Examples small, mostly gathered from Pyra- mids on the Quince. ‘The following were noted: Huyshe’s Bergamot, Flemish Beauty, and Louise Bonne of Jersey. EHehibitor’s Remarks.—Situation, sheltered from north and east ; aspect, south. Soil, a hght sandy loam, resting on clay. E 2 ‘68 GROUP fI1.—EHASTERN COUNTIES—ESSEX. 3.—SaLtmarsH & Son, Nurserymen, Chelmsford. Number of Varieties Exhibited... ms ate BP inh tf eee (C) Observations. —Kixamples exlibited mostly gathered from pyramids and espaliers. The following varieties were noted in this collection: Doyenné du Comice, from pyramid on Quince ; Huyshe’s Victoria, from standard on Pear; Marie Bendist, from espalier on Quince ; Huyshe’s Bergamot, from pyramid on Pear ; Durondeau, from espalier on Quince; Beurré Superfin, from espalier on Pear; Marie Louise d’Uccle, from pyramid on Quince, &e. _ Hyhibitor’s Remarks.—Situation, slightly sheltered. Soil, loam of various medium textures, free from sand; subsoil, varying from loamy gravel to friable yellow loam. 4,—E. Spivey, Gardener to J. A. Houston, Esq., Bishop’s Stortford. Number of Varieties Exhibited ... sare = Pin ab ee Observations. —A very fine, well-grown lot of fruit. The fol- lowing were noted: Marie Louise and Joséphine de Malines, from wall trees; Pitmaston Duchess and Doyenné du Comice, from pyramids on the Quince; Conseiller de la Cour and - Duchesse d’Angouléme, from espaliers on the Quince; Madame Treyve, from wall. 5.—Rosert Warner, Broomfield, Chelmsford. Numbertor Warreties iE xianbitede ss) a enn ee eee Observations.—Examples rather small in size, but highly coloured. The following varieties, grown on the Quince, were very good: Beurré Sanspareil, Beurré Clairgeau, Doyenné du Comice. Examples of the latter, grown on the Pear stock, were very pale in colour. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation, partly sheltered by buildings and belts of trees. Soil, garden, one foot deep ; subsoil, clay with chalk stones, sort of marl. No particular mode of cultivation, only the cross shoots cut out. Weuse both the Quince and Pear stocks, but Quince stocks on this soil will not last good more than twelve years. Varieties, of Pears suited to Essex, SELECTED BY F. C. Barxer, Woodford. W. Dancer, Gosfield Hall Gardens, Halstead. Sanrmarsy & Sons, Chelmsford. R. Warner, Chelmsford, 69 pe July and August. Doyenné d’Eté Citron des Carmes Jargonelle Beacon Beurré Giffard Fondante deBihorel Souvenir du Con- gres September. Madame Treyve Williams’s Bon Chrétien Beurré de |’ As- somption Fertility Hessel — Jersey Gratioli Souvenir du Con- eres October. Beurré Superfin Fondante d’Au- tomne Louise Bonne of Jersey No. of Times Selected. ht bt Rt DO DO OO a No. of Times Selected. Beurre Hardy Brockworth Park (Bonne d’Ezée) Baltet Belle et Bonne British Queen Duchesse d’ An- couléme Durondeau Gratioli of Jersey Marechal de la Cour Marie Louise Marie Louise d’Uccle Thompson’s November. Doyenné du Comice Gansel’s Bergamot Marie Louise Pitmaston Duchess Thompson's Aglaé Grégoire Baronne de Mello Beurré Bosc » Capiaumont ,, Clairgeau » Diel Conseiller de la Cour | fk fed ped fed fed a ee OT NOM NOM NOM NS) 70 | No. of Times VARIETIES OF PEARS SUITED TO ESSEX. No. of Times | Selected. | Selected. Docteur Lentier 1 March Bergamot 1 Doyenné Boussoch | 1 Olivier de Serres 1 General Tottleben | il Passe Crassane 1 Poire d’Avril | 1 Prévost 1 Seckle i Van Mons Léon Soldat Laboureur 1 Leclere af William’s d’Hiver 1 | Winter Nelis 1 December. For Orchard Culture. Beurré d’Aremberg 3 Beurre d’Amanlis if Knight's Monarch | 3 facetete de l’As- Beurré Clairgeau 2 somption | 1 Glou Morceau 2 Beurre Capiaumont 1 Joséphine de , Clairgeau 1 Malines 2 », superfin 1 Beurré Diel 1 Fondante d’Au- | ,, de Jonghe 1 tomne | 1 Chaumontel | i! Huyshe’s Bergamot 1 Doyenné du Comice 1 i, Victoria if General Tottleben | 1 Louise Bonne of Hacon’s Incom- Jersey 1 parable 1 Marie Louise ‘“Huyshe’s Victoria | if d’Uccle 1 Napoléon Savinien | a Pitmaston Duchess il Passe Colmar | 1 Souvenir du Con- Vicar of Winkfield | 1 eres 1 Winter Nelis | 1 Williams’s Bon Zeéphirin Louis 1 Chrétien 1 January to March. | Stewing Pears. Beurre Rance 4 Catillac 4 Kaster Beurre 3 Uvedale’s St, Ger- Bergamote Espéren 2 main 3 Nec Plus Meuris 2 Vicar of Wink- Anna Nelis 1 field 3 Broom Park i Bellissime d’ Hiver 2 Hacon’s Incom- | | Black Worcester 1 parable | 1 Grosse Calebasse 1 Huyshe’s Victoria | i Leon Leclere de Inconnue | tf Laval 1 Knight’s Monarch | 1 Verulam iL (2. GROUP II.—EASTERN COUNTIES. LINCOLNSHIRE. Exhibitor. 1.—J. McKeunvie, Gardener to Colonel Rerve, Leadenham House, Grantham. Number of Varieties Exhibited ee ie ai ee 80 Observations. —Examples of moderate quality, mostly grown on pyramids. Those of Pitmaston Duchess, Beurré Diel, Thompson's, Gansel’s Bergamot, Bergamote d’Esperen, chiefly noted. Exhibitor’s Remarks.—Situation, fairly well sheltered. Soil, a heavy loam ; subsoil, clay. The fruit sent are from wall-trained pyramid, cordon and standard trees. The wall and standard trees are on the Pear stock, the others on the Quince. We always take the breast wood off the wall trees about the end of July, and off the pyramids in August. Varieties of Pears suited to Lincolnshire, SELECTED BY J. McKetviz, Leadenham House Gardens, Grantham. July and August. Gansel’s Bergamot | Beurré Superfin Doyenneé d’Kté Louise Bonne of Jersey Jargonelle Seckle Beurré de lAssomption November, eptember. ; Septem Brown Beurré | Napoleon ? 9 = E nhi | , : Toe ie Gee Deyenne ey Counce Duchesse d’Angouléme Fondanté d’Autémne Beurré Clairgeau Marie Louise October. December. Autumn Bergamot Beurré Capiaumont Glou Morceau 72 Number of Varieties Exhibited Number of Varieties Exhibited Number of Varieties Exhibited VARIETIES OF PEARS SUITED TO LINCOLNSHIRE. Hacon’s Incomparable Beurrée d’Aremberg Passe Colmar Beurré Diel Winter Nelis January to March. Beurré Rance Bergamote Espéren Knight’s Monarch Easter Beurré Nec Plus Meuris Joséphine de Malines For Orchard Culture. Knight's Monarch Seckle Hessel Beurré Capiaumont Catillac Hacon’s Incomparable Doyenné d’ Ete Uvedale’s St. Germain Beurré Diel Louise Bonne of Jersey Beurré d’Aremberg Napoléon Stewing Pears. Catillac Duchesse d’Angouléme Black Pear of Worcester Uvedale’s St. Germain GROUP II.— EASTERN COUNTIES. NORFOLK. Ewhibitors. 1.—Cotvite Browne, The Paddocks, Swaffham. $2) vu Observations. —Examples of moderate size and quality, those of Maréchal de la Cour, Marie Louise, Vicar of Winkfield, Catillac, and Duchesse d’Angouléme very good. 3 2.—R. H. Mason, Hecton Hall, Norfolk. 19 Observations.—Examples of fair average merit, those of Joséphine de Malines, Glou Morgeau, Marie Louise, Beurré Clairgeau, and Beurre Diel extremely good. 3.—E. J. Prowricut, Swaffham. 12 GROUP Il.— EASTERN COUNTIES—NORFOLE. 73 Observations—Examples small, grown chiefly on walls, those of Marie Louise, Hacon’s Incomparable, and Joséphine de Malines specially noted. 4,—W. G. Wincaius, Swaffham. Number of Varieties Exhibited ee Gee ae Roe ti ee) Observations.—Hixamples small, chiefly grown on walls. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Soil, a light loam; subsoil, a white sand under the garden, although all around it alters into diluvial clay, with sand gaults at intervals, overlying the chalk. Varieties of Pears suited to Norfolk, SELECTED BY W.G. Wincaits, Swaffham. July and August. Beurré Espéren Napoléon Doyenné d’lité | Gansel’s Bergamot Old Crassane Beurré Capiaumont Williams’s Bon Chrétien September. Beurré d’Amanlis December. October. Beurré d’Aremberg Fondante d’Automne Louise Bonne of Jersey January to March. November. Winter Nelis Chaumontel Marie Louise Bergamote Espéren 74 GROUP IIl.—EASTERN COUNTIES. SUFFOLK. Eehibitors. 1.—Gro. Patmer, Gardener to T. H. Powseut, Esq., Drink- stone Park, Bury St. Edmunds. Number of Varieties Exhibited ... ae make ae ae 25 Observations. —Kixamples large, clear, and well grown, chiefly from pyramids. The following were noted: Beurré Diel, Beurré d’Aremberg, Beurré Bosc, Beurré Hardy, Marie Louise d’Ucele, Marie Louise. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation, on a dead level. Soil, medium loam ; sandy to gaulty subsoil. Our collection of Pears here are grown on trained trees on walls, espaliers, pyramids, and a few standards. ‘The Quince stock is represented in each form of tree, excepting the standard, and with plenty of evidence of weakness and short life. The Pear is certainly preferable as a stock in this immediate locality. Pruning is carried out with the usual two pinchings of summer growths, the winter pruning required being not much more than a judicious thinning of spurs in the older trees. Root-pruning is also carried out, but not to an extreme, being guided mainly by the health, constitution, and fertility of each individual tree, instead of an all-round application. Fruit thinning is attended to in all but the orchard trees. We find Pears with gritty flesh very disposed to crack in all seasons, but more especially after a long drought, succeeded by heavy rainfall. A mulching, applied not later than mid- summer, appears to be our best preventitive. Haster Beurré is generally worthless from this cause, and Beurré Diel, Beurré Rance, Passe Colmar, Van Mons Léon Leclerc, also crack badly. Contraction of the skin, caused by a small black fungus, also occurs about the same period, and probably from the same causes. As a rule, we cannot complain of want of fertility, provided the trying spring weather, so usual to this part, does not destroy our bloom. Our average rainfall for the 20 years, 1865 to 1884 inclusive, is 26°00 inches; height above sea-level, 220 feet. GROUP II.~-EASTERN COUNTIES —SUFFOLK. 75 This part of Suffolk cannot at the present time be said to be a Pear country, fruit orchards in general having a solitary Pear tree in one corner or so; but, otherwise, many situations and soils, the latter are very variable, could be found that would grow many of the best marketable and home dessert varieties. 2.—James SHEeppaRD, Gardener to J. Berners, Ksq., Wolverstone Park, Ipswich. Number of Varieties Exhibited ... oe aes ae a 24 Observations.—Examples large and good, those of Doyenné du Comice, Glou Morgeau, Joséphine de Malines, Huyshe’s Bergamot, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Marie Louise, Gansel’s Bergamot, and Easter Beurré noted as very fine. Exhibitor's Iemarks.—Grown on west wall and pyramids. Soil, light loam, on sandy gravel. Pears that ripen up to the end of the year do very well on bushes, pyramids, or espaliers ; but the late kinds, except in very favoured localities, require the aid of a wall and a good aspect to mature them properly, be- sides which, they should be allowed to remain on the trees as long as they will hang and are safe from frosts. The best stock for all small trees is the Quince, but for walls the Pear is the most suitable, especially on light soils, in which the Quince suffers from drought. Varieties of Pears suited to Suffolk, SELECTED BY G. Parmer, Drinkstone Park Gardens, Bury St. Edmunds. J. SHEPPARD, Wolverstone Park Gardens, Ipswich. No. of Times | No. of Times Selected. Selected. July and August. September. Citron des Carmes 2 Autumn Nelis 2 Doyenne d’Kté 2 Hessel 2 Jargonelle 2 Williams’s Bon Beurre Giffard 1 Chretien 2 VARIETIES OF PEARS SUITED TO SUFFOLK. No. of Times | No. of Times Selected. Selected. Beurre d’Amanlis 1 January to March. 5 superfin 1 | Bergamote Esperen 2 Beurré Rance | 2 October, Josephine de Ma- lines | 2 Louise Bonne of Nec Plus Meuris 2 Jersey 2 Chaumontel 1 Marie Louise 2 Kaster Beurre 1 Beurré d’Amanlis 1 Zéphirin Grégoire 1 », | Hardy 1 | », Superfin 1 For Orchard Culture. Brown Beurré | 1 | Comte de Lamy | 1 Beurre de Capiau- | Seckle | 1 mont | 2 Hessel | 2 | Louise Bonne of November. Jersey 2 Swan’s Keg 2 Beurré Diel 2 Williams’s Bon Duchesse d’ Angou- | Chrétien 2 léme | 2 Bergamote Hspéren 1 Thompson's 2 Citron des Carmes 1 Van Mons Léon Kyewood 1 Leclerc 2 Jargonelle 1 Beurre Bose 1 Marie Louise 1 Doyennédu Comice 1 Nec Plus Meuris 1 Marie Louise 1 Passe Colmar 1 Soldat Laboureur 1 Windsor if December. Stewing Pears. Beurré Bachelier 2 | Glou Morgeau 2 Catillae | 2 Passe Colmar 2 Uvedale’s St. Ger- | Winter Nelis 2 main 2 Doyenné du Comice 1 Bellissime d’Hiver 1 General Tottleben 1 Black Pear of Wor- | Knight’s Monarch 1 cester | ll Soldat d’Espéren 1 Verulam il COUP. Ti. MIDLAND COUNTIES—SOUTH. | Hanibitore “Biehibited. 1. BEDFORDSHIRE ie | il 64 2. BUCKINGHAMSHIRE .... 4 202 8. HERTFORDSHIRE hee 5 447 4. HUNTINGDONSHIRE .... 1 39 5. OXFORDSHIRE ... oe 2 60 79 GROUP II.—MIDLAND COUNTIES—SOUTH. BEDFORDSHIRE. Exhibitor. 1._-Tuomas Laxton, Girtford, Bedford. Number of Varieties Exhibited 3 ae oe Sue 04: Observations.—A very interesting collection, containing several old varieties. Examples small, mostly grown on pyramids on the Quince. The following were noted: Louise Bonne of Jersey, Forelle, Beurré Clairgeau, Beurré de Capiaumont, Pitmaston Duchess, and some samples of the Old Warden stewing Pear. Exhibitor's Remarks.—The light, hot lands of north-east Beds, especially in the valleys, are unfavourable to the fertility of most Pears, except where shelter against spring frosts can be secured. Louise Bonne de Jersey is the most reliable of all good Pears, Beurré de Capiaumont, Maréchal de la Cour, Citron des Carmes, Beurré Superfin, Autumn Bergamot, and Bergamote Espéren are also generally reliable sorts for the open. Those on the Quince stock are usually more fertile. Souvenir du Congrés, Madame Treyve, Marie Louise d’Uccle, and Kieffer Seedling seem promising sorts. Beurré de l’Assomption and Van Mons Léon Leclere in such a situation as Girtford have never fruited, although root-pruned. Varieties of Pears suited to Bedfordshire, SELECTED BY Tuomas Laxton, Bedford. July and August. | Souvenir du Congrés Williams’s Bon Chrétien Citron des Carmes | Doyenné d’Eté October. Jargonelle | Beurré Superfin September. Doyenné Boussoch Fondante d’Autéme Madame Treyve | Louise Bonne of Jersey 80 VARIETIES OF PEARS SUITED TO BEDFORDSHIRE. Marie Louise d’Uccle Pitmaston Duchess November. Beurré Bose Durondeau Gansel’s Bergamot Kieffer Seedling Maréchal de la Cour Marie Louise December. Beurré d’ Aremberg Beurré Bachelier Doyenné du Comice General Tottleben Glou Morceau Knight’s Monarch January to March. Bergamote Espéren Beurré Sterckmans Easter Beurré Joséphine de Malines Knight’s Monarch Zéphirin Grégoire for Orchard Culture. Autumn Bergamot Beurré Capiaumont Beurré Diel Kyewood Fertility Jargonelle Louise Bonne of Jersey Lammas Seckle Swan’s Egg Williams’s Bon Chrétien Stewing Pears. Pellissime d’Hiver Catillac Uvedale’s St. Germain Viear of Winkfield GROUP II.—MIDLAND COUNTIES—SOUTH. BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. 1.—Jamrs Fietcuer, The Coppins Gardens, Ivor. Number of Varieties Exhibited Observations.—F ruit small, 12 2,.—G. T. Mites, Wycombe Abbey Gardens, High Wycombe. Number of Varieties Exhibited 40 Observations.—EXxamples very pood, clear, and well grown. The following, from cordon trees on walls, were specially noted : GROUP IIi.—MIDLAND COUNTIEFS—SOUTH.— BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. 81 Van Mons Léon Leclerc, Beurré Diel, Doyenné du Comice, Duchesse d’Angouléme, Bergamote d’Espéren, Pitmaston Duchess, Knieht’s Monarch. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation, sheltered valley, running from east to west. Soil, a dark, peaty loam; resting on Vydelk Peat, which is full of water. ‘The collection which I send is from trees on the Pear stock, trained horizontally on walls of different aspects.. Owing to the large crop of fruit on the trees this season, they are smaller than usual. The trees are planted in good loam about 80 inches in depth, beneath which a layer 15 inches thick of broken bricks is placed. The trees are subjected to the ordinary course of pruning in the winter months, and the spring growths are shortened back to within three or four inches of the base about midsummer each year. The under-mentioned are the most choice in regard to quality here: Williams’s Bon Chretien, Beurré de Capiaumont, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Marie Louise, Pitmaston Duchess, Doyenné du Comice, Van Mons Léon Leclerc, Winter Nelis, Glou Morceau, Joséphine de Malines, Knight’s Monarch, Beurrée Rance. 3.—JameEs Suiru, Gardener to the Karl of Rosrsery, Mentmore, Bucks. Number of Varieties Exhibited ne me afr ean OO Observations.—Eixamples moderately fine, clear skinned. The following were noted as specially good: Marie Louise @Uccle, Winter Nelis (from pyramids on the Quince), Doyenné Boussoch, Conseiller de la Cour, Marie Louise, General Tottleben. _LHaxhibitor’s Remarks.—Situation, exposed. Soil, clay, heavy loam, &c. Orchard trees on Pear stock are gone over and the crowded branches thinned out in the autumn. Small pyramid trees are mostly pinched back in summer, so that little winter pruning is required. Our great scourge is late spring frosts, which often cuts off all our early bloom, so that there is seldom. more than half a crop left, and those in the middle of the trees, in the worst positions for ripening. Here we have trees in all positions—on walls, as standards, as well as a large collection of small trees on the Quince stock grown as pyramids; these being planted in the most exposed and highest part of the gardens, as a rule produce the best and fines F 82. GROUP I1I.—MIDLAND COUNTIES—SOUTH.—BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. fruit. Our wall trees have only been planted a few years, so that they are not come into bearing yet; they are all grown as cordons, and mostly on the Quince stock. 4.—Cuares Turner, Royal Nurseries, Slough. Number of Varieties Exhibited ie By ae 28s. LOO Observations —Fruit in general small in size but excellent in quality, the following being specially noted: Van Mons Léon Leclere (from a wall tree), Golden Russet (a very pretty Pear, somewhat resembling British Queen), Grosse Calebasse, Pitmaston Duchess, General Tottleben, Beurré Clairgeau, Marie Louise d’Uccle (from a standard), British Queen. : Varieties of Pears suited to Buckinghamshire, SELECTED BY G. T. Mires, Wycombe Abbey. James Smitu, Mentmore. No. of Times No. of Times Selected. Selected. July and August. October. Jargonelle 2 Louise Bonne of Citron des Carmes 1 Jersey 2 Clapp’s Favourite 1 Beurré Bose 1 Doyenné d’Kté 1 », Capiau- Windsor 1 mont i Beurré Hardy 1 September. Brockworth Park 1 | Brown Beurre 1 Willams’s Bon | Duchesse d’An- Chrétien 2 oouléme 1 Beurré d’Amanlis | 1 Fondante d’Au- i de l’As- | tomne | 1 somption if Marie Louise 1 Beurré Superfin 1 Thompson’s 1 Madame Treyve if | Eee” S”:”~—ti‘O;’NSCO”S™S VARIETIES OF PEARS SUITED TO BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. 83 No. of Times No. of Times Selected. Selected. November. Beurré Rance 1 i; Sterckmans 1 Beurré Bose 1 Doyenné d’Alengon 1 ,» Clairgeau 1 Joséphine de mite Wiel 1 Malines 1 Conseiller de la Winter Crassane 1 Cour 1 Doyenné du Comice 1 [or Orchard Culture. Duchesse d’An- eouléme 1 Beurré Diel 2 Forelle i! Louise Bonne of Gansel’s Bergamot 1 Jersey 2 Marie Louise 1 Williams’s Bon Passe Colmar 1 Chrétien 2 Seckle 1 Beacon 1 Van Mons Léon Beurré d’Amanlis 1 Leclere 1 1 Capiaumont 1 December. Clairgeau 1 Hardy 1 Glou Morgeau 2 an Rance 1 Winter Nelis 2 Comte de Lamy 1 Doyenné du Doyenné d’Eté 1 Comice 1 Easter Beurré 1 Durondeau 1 Huyshe’s Victoria 1 General Tottleben i Jargonelle 1 Huyshe’s Victoria 1 Marie Louise 1 Joséphine de Seckle 1 Malines 1 Windsor 1 Knight’s Monarch 1 Pitmaston Duchess 1 Stewing Pears. January to March. Catillac 1 Easter Beurré 2 Uvedale’s St. Nec Plus Meuris 2 Germain 2 Anna Nelis 1 Vicar of Winkfield 2 Bergamote Es- Beurré Capiau- péren 1 mont 1 84 GROUP III.—MIDLAND COUNTIES—SOUTH. HERTFORDSHIRE. Exhibitors. 1.—Lord Esury, Moor Park, Rickmansworth. (J.C. Mundell, Gardener.) Number of Varieties E.xhibited ate aa al ey: 60 Observations—Examples generally of fair average size and appearance, some being exceptionally fine, to wit, Gansel’s Bergamot, from an old tree on east wall. The following were also noted: King Edward, Doyenné du Comice, Doyenné Boussoch, Duchesse d’Angouléme (from pyramid), Glou Morgeau, Pitmaston Duchess, British Queen, Van Mons Léon Leclerc. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Garden in situation sheltered from the north ; aspect, §.S.E. Soil, varied, chalky clay. The trees on gravel do by far the best. The year 1885 will be memorable as a good Pear year. At Moor Park, Pear trees on the Quince have not borne a crop for years until the present, when there is a fair crop. The majority of the varieties exhibited were grown on pyramid and espaher trees, those on stiff soil this season producing the finest fruits. The trees are allin excellent health. The system I adopt is close summer pruning or pinching espalier and trained trees, and judiciously thinning the shoots of Orchard trees. 2.—The Marquis of Satispury, Hatfield. (George Norman, Gardener.) Number of Varieties Exhibited i, ce pemen. Hif Observations.—Fruit of fair average merit, the following being noted as meritorious: Fondante d’Autd6mne (from wall), Duchesse d’Angouléme and Verulam (from pyramids), Van Mons Léon Leclere, and Beurré Diel. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation, somewhat sheltered on the east side by plantation. Soil, heavy loam, and very stony subsoil, mostly marl. Pruning is done in July, and again in the GROUP III.— MIDLAND COUNTIES—-SOUTH.—HERTFORDSHIRE. 85 winter, to avoid overcrowding. Roots kept to the surface as much as possible. The greater number of our Pears are believed to be on the Pear stock, some are on the Quince, and some on the White Thorn. They are the most vigorous on the Pear; those on the White Thorn, 40 years old, bear wonderfully well. 3.—Paut & Son, The Old Nurseries, Cheshunt. Number of Varieties Exhibited a a sit ei spiral A Observations—Examples small but interesting, the collection containing a great many new and promising varieties. The following were noted as the most meritorious, viz.: Souvenir du Congres, Marie Louise d’Uccle, Henri Decaisne, Doyenné Boussoch, General Tottleben. Exhibitors Remarks.—Grown chiefly on small cordons on wire trellis, some from pyramids. Soil, deep loam, on gravel. 4.—Wituiam Pau & Son, Nurserymen, &c., Waltham Cross, N. Number of Varieties Exhibited el a HA We al OD Observations.—A very varied collection, containing many new and interesting varieties. Examples rather small, but sound and of good quality. The following were considered worthy of note, viz.: Seckle, Doyenné du Comice, from pyramids; Duchesse d’Angouléme, Easter Beurré, Beurré Superfin, and Triomphe de Jodoigne, from espaliers; also Conseiller de la Cour, Pitmaston Duchess, Beurré Hardy, Beurré d’Anjou, &c. Exhibitors’ Remarks.—The collection of Pears shown by us are, with the exception ofabout a dozen sorts (which were grown at our Seed Farm in the South of England), gathered from standards, espaliers and pyramids, in our nurseries and garden at Waltham Cross, in the valley of the Lea. The soil is strong loam, almost clay, resting on gravel. Both soil and climate are moist and cold, more so than in many districts much farther north. Fruit trees grow vigorously, and most sorts succeed equally well on Quince and Pear stocks; the fruit, however, is not generally so large and bright as in warmer and more favoured districts for fruiting. Our plan of cultivation in dealing with fruiting trees is two summer and one winter pruning, 86 GROUP III.—MIDLAND COUNTIES—-SOUTH.—HERTFORDSHIRE, 5.—T. Rivers & Son, Nurserymen, &c., Sawbridgeworth. Number of Varieties Exhibited ie ae Sik ni ae Mattel) Observations. —A remarkably interesting collection. The examples of moderate size, but nearly all highly coloured and beautiful, and also of high quality. The following were specially noted: Louise Bonne of Jersey and Durondeau, from pyramids on the Quince, Beurré Alexander Lucas, Poire de Barriot, Pitmaston Duchess, Princess, Marie Louise d’Uccle, Magnate, Beurré Diel, Madame Treyve, Duchesse d’Angouléme, Doyenné du Comice, Easter Beurré, Flemish Beauty, Lebrun, Beurré Bachelier, Emile d’Héyst, Beurré Superfin, &c. A new seedling variety raised by Mr. Rivers, named the Conference Pear, ripening in October, was awarded a First Class Certificate as a market variety. Varieties of Pears suited to Hertfordshire, SELECTED BY | J. C. Munpexzt, Moor Park, Rickmansworth. Grorce Norman, Hatfield. Wituiam Pau, Waltham Cross. No. of Times No. of Times Selected. Selected. July and August. | Souvenir du Con- eres 1 Doyenné d Ete 3 Beurré Giffard 2 October. Jargonelle 2 Citron des Carmes 1 Louise Bonne of Fondante de Jersey 3 Cuérne 1 Jersey Gratioli 3 Doyenné du September. Comice 2 Marie Louise Beurré d’Amanlis 3 d’Uccle 2 Williams’s Bon Baronne de Mello 1 Chrétien 2 Beurré Hardy 1 Beurré de 5, superfin il l Assomption 1 Brown Beurré 1 Beurré Superfin 1 Swan’s Egg — 1 Madame Treyve 1 White Doyenné 1 VARIETIES OF PEARS SUITED TO HERTFORDSHIRE. : - No. of Times No. of Times Selected. Selected. November. Easter Beurré 2 Nee Plus Meuris 2 Marie Louise 3 Bergamote Beurré Diel 2 Espéren 1 Pitmaston Duchess | 2 Olivier de Serres | 1 Thompson's | 2 Zéephirin Grégoire 1 Van Mons Léon | Leclere 2 For Orchard Culture.’ Beurré Berckmans | if » Bose 1 Louise Bonne of | Délices d’ Harden- Jersey 2 pont 1 Jersey Gratioli | 2 Doyenné du Willams’s Bon | Comice 1 Chrétien 2 Duchesse d’Angow- | Aston Town | 1 léme 1 Autumn Bergamot 1 Maréchal de la Beurré Capiau- Cour al mont 1 Beurrée Diel if! December. Catillac if Comte de Lamy 1 Glou Morceau 3 Easter Beurré 1 Beurré d’Aremberg 2 Eyewood 1 Knight’s Monarch 2 Hessel 1 Napoléon 2 Marie Louise 1 Winter Nelis 2 Souvenir du Beurré Bachelier 1 Congres 1 » Berckmans 1 Suffolk Thorn if Durondeau 1 Swan’s Egg 1 General Tottleben 1 Windsor 1 Huyshe’s | Bergamot 1 Stewing Pears. Suzette de Bavay 1 Catillace 3 January to March. Verulam 3 Uvedale’s St. Beurré Rance 3 Germain 2 Joséphine de Bellissime d’Hiver 1 Malines 3 Crassane 1 Beurré Sterckmans 2 Gilles 6 Gilles 1 88 GROUP III.—MIDLAND COUNTIES—SOUTH. HUNTINGDONSHIRE. Exhibitors. 1.—Axsert Harpine, Gardener to The Dowager Marchioness of Huntty, Orton Hall, Peterborough. Number of Varieties Exhibited ~~... Ae, ce ae 39 Observations. —Examples small, mostly gathered from stan- dards, those of Louise Bonne of Jersey and General Tottleben very fair. Ewhibitor’s Remarks.—Situation, fairly sheltered. Soil, loam of medium texture; subsoil, gravel. As a general rule there are not many kinds of Pears that ripen properly in the open here. This year is, however, an exception. The following are the sorts most to be depended upon, viz.: Jargonelle, Doyenné d’Kté, Lammas, Williams's Bon Chrétien, Orange Bergamot, Beurré Diel. Varieties of Pears Suited to Huntingdonshire, SELECTED BY A. Harpine, Orton Hall, Peterborough. July and August. Beurrée Robin Louise Bonne of Jersey Beurré Giffard Marie Louise Doyenné d’Kte Orange Bergamot Jargonelle Lammas November. Seiaactien Brown Beurré Dale "ASS Beurré Giffard Crassane 3 F Duchesse d’Angouléme Orange Bergamot falas Williams’s Bon Chrétien October. December. Beurré Bose Beurré Diel - VARIETIES OP PEARS SUITED TO HUNTINGDONSHIRE. 89 January to March. Jargonelle Lammas Beurré Rance Louise Bonne of Jersey Joséphine de Malines | Orange Bergamot Williams’s Bon Chrétien For Orchard Culture. Stewing Pears. Beurré Diel Brown Beurreé Catillae Doyenné d’EKté Uvedale’s St. Germain GROUP III.—MIDLAND COUNTIES—SOUTH. OXFORDSHIRE. Exhibitors. 1.—Cuartes Hewert, Sarsden Gardens, Chipping Norton. Number of Varieties Exhibited oe se oe: Mee 146 Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation, rather exposed to the north. Soil, corn-brash mixed with clay ; subsoil, marl-stone. 2.—James Lawrence, Gardener to Mrs. Owen Knox, Ardmillan, Caversham. Number of Varieties Exhibited ee ee, tee a 14 Observations.—EHxamples very small. Some specimens of Catillac very good. Exhibitor’s Remarks.—Situation, much exposed to sun and wind; south aspect. Soil, heavy yellow loam; subsoil, chalk and gravel. Varieties of Pears suited to Oxfordshire, SELECTED BY James Lawrence, Ardmillan, Caversham, Oxon. July and August. September. Williams’s Bon Chrétien Louise Bonne of Jersey Marie Louise VARIETIES SUITED TO OXFORDSHIRE. October. Suzette de Bavay Beurré Bose 134.4 Diel January to March. Doyenné du Comice Bergamot Esperen November. Easter Beurré Suzette de Bavay Swan’s Egg Winter Nelis Stewing Pears: December. Black Pear of Worcester Crassane Catillac COUP. IV. “MIDBEBAND COUNTIES—NORTEH. No. of Dishes Exhibited. No. of Exhibitors. 1. CHESHIRE te aE 3 120 2. DERBYSHIRE _... ay 2 26 3. LEICESTERSHIRE 2 1038 4, NORTHAMPTONSHIRE... 2 70 5. NOTTINGHAMSHIRE 4 1738 6. RUTLANDSHIRE ah 2 48 7. STAFFORDSHIRE se 1 24 8. WARWICKSHIRE cee 2 42, 18 606 ae? d ( a> G— s i Pe = Da es im r 1 $ 2 , Sy pays Getty PAS - ie € t ee 2 t yi aoe 4 v i/ ’ Mi ? y > ‘ 1 ~ Ya 2 Ty A i ” > mG oy ME ~ 7 , fous Pi we v4 93 GROUP IV.—MIDLAND COUNTIES—NORTH. CHESHIRE. Behibitors. 1.—F. & A. Dickson & Sons, Upton Nurseries, Chester. Number of Varieties Exhibited ie nee ny are 50 Observations—Examples of average size and merit, from pyramid, and other young trees. The following were noted as worthy: Marie Louise d’Uccle, Beurré d’Amaunlis, Souvenir du Congrés, Beurré Diel, Pitmaston Duchess, Beurré Superfin, - Louise Bonne of Jersey, and Beurré Hardy. Exhibitors’ Remarks.—Grown in the open nursery, situated in a very high, bleak, exposed position. Soil, heavy loam with clay subsoil, and light loam with sandy subsoil. 2.—James Dickson & Sons, Newton Nurseries, Chester. Number of Varieties Exhibited ae aM a6 Sh ae eye Observations.—lixamples small and pale in colour, those of General Tottleben, Marie Louise, and Beurré Diel were noted as very good. Lixhibitors Remarks.—Situation, mostly exposed. Soil, ordinary loam, on clay subsoil. The trees are frequently, indeed biennially, transplanted, until thrown into a fruiting state. Summer pinching is freely practised. Stocks, both Free and Quince, are specially selected to work the trees upon. 3.—Ropert Macketusr, Abney Hall Gardens, Cheadle. Number of Varieties Exhibited ce a ae sElinee Observations—Examples of medium size, chiefly from stan- dards. Those noted, Beurré Clairgeau, Beurré Diel, Marie Louise, and Nouveau Poiteau, from walls, very fair. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Soil, ordinary garden loam, on gravel. 94 Varieties of Pears suited to Cheshire, SELECTED BY FE’. & A. Dicxson & Sons, Chester. Jamis Dicxson & Sons, Chester. R. Macxetiar, Abney Hall, Cheadle. No. of Times Selected. No. of Times Selected. July and August. Citron des Carmes Doyenne d’Hté Jargonelle September. Beurré d’Amanlis Williams’s Bon Chrétien Flemish Beauty Jargonelle Souvenir du Con- pres October. Louise Bonne of Jersey Comte de Lamy Marie Louise Beurré Capiaumont » superfin Doyenné Boussoch Fertility Hessel Seckle Thompson’s White Doyenné November. Beurré Clairgeau », Diel Pitmaston Duchess bo bo 0 bt tt EE Ob DS 0 bt bk! 0 bo bo bo Alexandre Lambré Beurréd’ Aremberg Bishop’s Thumb Doyenné du Comice) Duchesse d’Angou- léme Durondeau Forelle Marie Louise Marie Louise d’Uccle December. Glou Morgeau Passe Colmar Winter Nelis Beurré d’Aremberg », ._pachelier ,, Clairgeau Chaumontel Doyenné du Comice Easter Beurré General Tottleben Prince Consort Thompson’s January to March. Bergamote Espéren Beurré Rance HKaster Beurré Joséphine de Ma- lines Knight’s Monarch Glou Morgeau er ht ee a Pet et pe et et et et et ee SD HD DO bo bo bo He re VARIETIES OF PEARS SUITED TO CHESHIRE. 95 No. of Times No. of Times Selected. | Selected. Nec Plus Meuris 1 Caillot Rosat 1 Winter Nelis 1 Citron des Carmes 1 Fertility 1 For Orchard Culture. Glou Morceau 1 Grey Beurré 1 Hessel 3 Marie Louise Louise Bonne of d’Uccle 1 Jersey 3 New Bridge 1 Williams’s Bon Rivers’ Bergamot 1 Chrétien 3 Swan’s Kge 1 Beurré d’Aremberg 2 Toadsback 1 ,, Capiaumont 2 Windsor 1 aeDiel 2 Comte de Lamy 2 Jargonelle - 2 Stewing Pears. Alexandre Lambré 1 Aston Town 1 Bellissime d’Hiver 1 Beurré d’'Amaunlis 1 Catillae 1 » Clairgeau 1 Uvedale’s St. Ger- Bishop’s Thumb 1 main 1 Brown Beurré 1 Verulam 1 GROUP IV.—MIDLAND COUNTIES—NORTH. DERBYSHIRE. Exhibitors. -1.—-Wm. Froeeatt, Wingerworth Hall, Chesterfield. Number of Varieties Exhibited ae: be: Be: gies 1a Observations.—Kixamples of moderate size, very pale in colour, those of Marie Louise, Beurré Rance, and White Doyenné the most noticeable. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Grown on wall trees. Soil, stiff loam ; subsoil, gravel. Fruit small here this season, so very cold. 2.—Watrter G. Gaicer, Gardener to S. Taynor WuiTeneap, Esq., Burton Closes, Bakewell. Number of Varieties Exhibited _... a eS Pea Observations.-Eixamples small, 96 GROUP IV.—MIDLAND COUNTIES—-NORTH.—DERBYSHIRE. Exhibitor’s Remarks.—Situation, bleak, exposed to west and Soil, strong loam, resting on a subsoil of limestone Grown on standard trees on Pear stock, planted about 35 years ago. Climate very cold, and ill-adapted for the cultivation of choice Pears in the open air. north winds. boulders and clay. general character of Pear-growing in the Peak. Varieties of Pears suited to Derbyshire, SELECTED BY W. Frogeatt, Wingerworth Hall, Chesterfield. July and August. Citron des Carmes Green Chisel Jargonelle September. Beurré Golden » Gotbault Hessel October. Autumn Bergamot Beurre Capiaumont 5 Del 5, Supréme Duchesse d’Angouléme Duchesse d’Orleans November. Chaumontel Crassane Marie Louise Passe Colmar Swan's Egg Winter Nelis December. Beurré Bachelier ,» Clairgeau ,, Magnifique Glou Morceau January to March. Beurré Rance Hacon’s Incomparable Knight’s d’ Hiver %. Monarch GROUP IV.—MIDLAND COUNTIES—NORTH. LEICESTERSHIRE. Exhibitors. 1.~-Harrison & Sons, Nurserymen, Leicester. Number of Varieties Exhibited This is the GROUP IV.—MIDLAND COUNTIES—-NORTH.—LEICESTERSHIRE. 97 Observations. —E.xamples fairly well grown; Beurré Bachelier, Van Mons Léon Leclerc, and Duchesse d’Angouléme very good. | 2.—Wriuam Ineram, Belvoir Castle Gardens, Grantham. fm Numibernor Warieties Exhibited 2.5.6 2 Jl. a. 7... 50 Observations —An extremely interesting contribution. At) the examples clear, well grown, and characteristic. The following were noted: Duchesse d’Angouléme, Glou Morgeau, Knight’s Monarch, Madame Treyve, Conseiller de la Cour, Pitmaston Duchess, Huyshe’s Victoria, Bergamote d’Esperen, Passe Crassane, Beurré Superfin, British Queen, Marie Louise, Beurré Buisson, and Beurré Rance. Exhibitors’ Remarks.—Situation, sheltered from the west by woods; altitude, 327 feet above sea-level. Soil, modified clay. Borders paved, and loamy soil added, which is of a strong!y ferruginous character, derived from the middle has. Subsoil, pure clay. Pyramids grow freely, but seldom bear satisfactorily, owing to spring frosts. The trained trees on walls (12 to 14 feet) on each aspect bear well and produce good crops. Fruit generally late. Both Pear and Quince stocks are used, and both branch and root pruning is necessary. Varieties of Pears suited to Leicestershire, SELECTED BY W. Ineram, Belvoir Castle Gardens, Grantham. July and August. Buerré Superfin ie Louise Bonne of Jersey vem Cah Welbeck Bergamot J argonelle Johmont November. September. Beurré Hardy Citron des Carmes 4, woupreme Poire Péche : o an Marum William’s Bon Chrétien ritish Queen Dunmore October. Marie Louise Beurré d’Amanlis | December. ss d’ AutoOmne | », Boussoch Beurré d’ Anjou 98 VARIETIES OF PEARS SUITED TO LEICESTERSHIRE. Doyenné du Comice For Orchard Culture. Glou Morgeau Orpheline d’Enghein Aston Town Soldat d’EHspéren Beurré Capiaumont Winter Nelis Brown Beurré Glou Morgeau January to March. Hessel Louise Bonne of Jersey Beurré de Buisson Nec Plus Meuris » Rance Swan’s Keo Doyenné d’Alencgon Kaster Beurré Stewing Pear. Joséphine de Malines Knight’s Monarch Catillac GROUP IV.—MIDLAND COUNTIES—NORTH. NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. Ehibitors. 1.—Colonel Cuarxr, Welton Place, Daventry. Number of Varieties Exhibited Loe aie a ii 6 Observations.—An extremely interesting exhibit. The examples of Welton Beurré large and of good quality. Ewhibitor’s Remarks.—I1 send you an exhibit (in my odd line) for the Conference—to wit, two wild kinds, borne on stock- suckers, allowed to grow up on purpose; also the historical spurious ** Knight’s Monarch,” with the true sort, both grafted on one tree. N.B.—The false Monarch makes an excellent compote fruit. Soil of garden, strong fertile loam, over clay or shell-limestone ; formation, ‘‘ inferior oolite.” 2 == Conn The Gardens, Althorp Park, Northampton. Number of Varieties Exhibited Ae mis pit] VET 64 Observations,—Examples of fair average merit. mostly from pyramid and _ horizontal-trained trees. Those of Duchesse d’Angouléme (grown on Quince), Beurré Diel, Figue d’Alencon, Pitmaston Duchess, Fondante d’Autémne, Winter Nelis, Beurré Sterckmans, and Louise Bonne of Jersey specially noted. GROUP IV.—MIDLAND COUNTIES—NORTH.—NORTHAMPTONSHIRE, 99 Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation, rather exposed, open to the east ; 299 feet above sea-level. Soil, rich loam; subsoil, clay. Nearly all the Pears here on the Pear stock. They are root- pruned every three years. The Pear trees here have been quite a feature this season. | Varieties of Pears suited to Northamptonshire, SELECTED BY E. Cote, Althorp Park Gardens, Northampton. July and August. Doyenné d’kité Jargonelle September. Beurré d’Amanlis Brockworth Park Williams’s Bon Chrétien October. Althorp Crassane Beurré d’ Aremberg Marie Louise Louise Bonne of Jersey Seckle Suffolk Thorn November. Beurré Clairgeau a eDiel ee Elardy; Comte de Lamy Doyenné du Comice Duchesse d’Angouléme a 2 December. Comte de Flandres Docteur Trousseau Doyenné Defais Huyshe’s Prince of Wales Napoléon Passe Colmar January to March. Bergamote Ispéren Beurré Sterckmans HKaster Beurré Knight’s Mouarch Nec Plus Meuris Winter Nelis For Orchard Culture. Autumn Bergamot Beurrée Capiaumont » Clairgeau » Diel Doyenné d’Kté Duchesse d’Angouléme Fusée d’Hiver Lady’s Finger Louise Bonne of Jersey Williams’s Bon Chrétien 100 GROUP IV.—MIDLAND COUNTIES—NORTH. NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. Hehibitors. 1.—Micuart GuiEeson, Clumber Gardens, Worksop. Number of Varieties Exhibited ans ue see Bp ye 4D Observations—Kixamples very fine, large, and well grown, those of Duchesse d’Angouléme, General Tottleben, Marie Louise, Marie Louise d’Uccle, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Beurré Hardy, Easter Beurré, and Joséphine de Malines, from walls, specially - noted. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation, sheltered by large trees. Soil, sandy throughout. More than one-half of the varieties sent were gathered off the walls, grown on young trees from about 15 to 20 years old, grafted on Pear stocks, trained horizontal, and fan-shaped. The remainder were grown on pyramids on the Quince stock, planted on borders in the kitchen garden, open to the south, and are not so satisfactory. The kinds that succeed best so planted, in favourable seasons, are Beurré Clairgeau, Clapp’s Favourite, Anna Nelis, Souvenir Trepi, General Tottle- ben, and Zéphirin Grégoire. On the walls, Colmar d’Aremberg, Marie Louise, Marie LI:ouise d’Uccle, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Duchesse d’Angouléme, Winter Nelis, Nec Plus Meuris, Calebasse, and Haster Beurré seldom fail to give a crop. The soil here is a poor sandy loam, with sand subsoil, and very.dry, in consequence of which it is necessary to mulch heavily and give frequent waterings of liquid manure. ‘‘ Beeson’s Blood Manure” has been tried for the first time this season, with the result that the wall trees upon which it was applied proved to be the best. Two liberal dressings of it were given. Beurré Hardy being a robust grower, experience has shown that severe root-pruning is beneficial to it. 29.—W. Newton, Hillside, Newark. Number of Varieties Exhibited ae mae ee RE: 39 Observations —Examples of fair average merit. Those of GROUP IV.—-MIDLAND COUNTIES—NORTH.—NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. 101 Doyenné du Comice, Beurré Hardy, Belle des Abres, and Comte de Flandres very good. 38.—J. R. Pearson & Sons, Nurserymen, Chilwell, Beeston. Number of Varieties Exhibited te ae ioe Pt SO Observations.—An extremely interesting collection, repre- sentative of the Pears grown in that district ; many old varieties. Examples small, those of Welbeck Bergamot and Grey Beurré, from standards, were specially noted as apparently well adapted for that locality; Flemish Beauty, Beurré Superfin, Beurré Bachelier, Doyenné du Comice, Conseiller de la Cour, from walls, were fair examples of these varieties. Exhibitors’ Remarks.—Soil, clay ; subsoil, clay. 4,—N. H. Pownatt, Gardener to F. Wrieurt, Esq., J.P., Lenton Hall, Nottingham. Number of Varieties Exhibited te Lee tt Te AG) Observations.—Examples of fair average merit, those of Easter Beurré, Triomphe de Jodoigne, and Marie Louise, from walls, specially noted. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation, high and open, sheltered on the north side. We stand on a gault, Keupfer clay and Bunter sand; in some places it is definite—absolute, in others the gault is sinuous and mixed; subsoil, as a rule, clay. The stock used all over is the Pear. Pruning done—on bushes and trees, very little, nothing but thinning out. Sap regulated by judicious root- pruning. On walls, the orthodox shortening back, only perhaps our shortening back is done closer than ordinary ; we have no ‘“‘staes’ horns’ on our wall trees. The fruits grown on the Keupfer clay swell off larger than they do on the Bunter sand, indeed Bon Chrétien (Williams’s) on the Bunter sand in the past season, consequent on the long drought, were only half their usual size, and were not up to general standard of quality, and all ripened together. 102 Varieties of Pears suited to Nottinghamshire, SELECTED BY MicuarL GueErEson, Clumber. J. R. Pearson & Sons, Chilwell. N. H. Pownauxu, Lenton Hall. No. of Times | No. of Times Selected. Selected. July and August. November. Doyenne d’Ete 3 Beurreé Diel 3 Jargonelle 2 Doyenné du Comice 2 Beurré Giffard 1 Autumn Nelis 1 Conseiller de la September. Cour i Marie Louise 1 Wilhams’s Bon | Pitmaston Duchess 1 _ Chrétien | 3 Thompson’s 1 Beurre d’Amanlis 1 White Doyenné 1 Chisel iE Clapp’s Favourite 1 December. Fondante d’Au- tomne 1 Winter Nelis 2 Jargonelle 1 Beurré Bachelier 1 3 popae 1 October. », sterckmans il Colmar d’ Aremberg 1 Louise Bonne of Crassane 1 Jersey | 3 Glou Morceau 1 Marie Louise 3 Huyshe’s Prince of | Beurré d’Amanlis 2 Wales | 1 Comte de Lamy 2 Joséphine de Marie Louise | Malines 1 d’Ucele | 2, Passe Colmar 1 Beurré Capiaumont! 1 Zephirin Grégoire l », Hardy 1 » stuperfin 1 January to March. Doyenné Boussoch 1 Seckle 1 Easter Beurré 3 Welbeck Bergamot 1 Beurré Rance 2 Windsor 1 Glou Morceau 2 | ; VARIETIES OF PEARS SUITED TO NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. 103 | No. of Times No. of Times Selected. Selected. Joséphine de | Bishop’s Thumb 1 Malines | 2 Chisel 1 Bergamote Espéren 1 Colmar d’Hte 1 Beurré d’ Anjou | 1 Doyenné Boussoch 1 Crassane 1 Welbeck Bergamot 1 General Tottleben | 1 Williams’s Bon | Knight’s Monarch | 1 Chrétien | 1 Nec Plus Meuris © 1 Windsor | 1 Olivier de Serres 1 Zéphirin Grégoire | 1 Souvenir du Trepi | 1 | Winter Nelis | i) Stewing Pears. | | | For Orchard Culture. Catillac | 2 | Uvedale’s St. Beurré d’Amanlis | 2 Germain | 2 Doyenné d’ Ete | 2 Bellissime d’Hiver | | 1 Hessel | 2 Duchesse d’Angou- Beurré Capiaumont 1 léme | 1 » Grey 1 Verulam | 1 | | | | | GROUP IV.—MIDLAND COUNTIES—NORTH. RUTLANDSHIRE. Eawxhibitors. 1.—W. H. Divers, Ketton Hall Gardens, Stamford. Number of Varieties Exhibited Nee oh oe see nO) Observations. —Examples good, chiefly grown on bush and espalier trees. Those of Marie Louise d’Uccle, from espalier on wire fence, and Maréchel de la Cour, from wail trees, very good ; also Louise Bonne of Jersey and Catillac, from bush trees. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation, in a valley, close to the River Chater ; very cold and moist atmosphere, which 1s unfavourable for fruit in the early part of the year. Soil, part of garden clayey loam, part old garden; subsoil, limestone, containing in some places quantities of iron. We prefer bush trees, not exceeding 10 feet high, for open 104 GROUP IV.—MIDLAND COUNTIES—NORTH.—RUTLANDSHIRE, situations ; and are careful when planting or replanting not to mix any manure below the surface of the soil, but find a mulching of long litter very beneficial the first season. As long as the srowth continues vigorous we give no manure, unless the trees should have a very heavy crop of fruit; but if there seems any danger of the trees getting into an exhausted condition, a radius of about 5 feet round the stem of the trees is bared until the roots are exposed; a good dressing of well-decomposed manure is given and the soil returned over it again. If the growth gets at; any time too vigorous for fruiting, a trench is dug round the tree about 4 feet from the stem, deep enough to cut off all the roots ; and, in extreme cases, the trees are lifted up and replanted. No pruning is done in summer until the first growth is finished, when all shoots not required to extend the tree are shortened to about 6 inches in length, and at the winter pruning these are shortened again, leaving three good buds. The young shoots at the ends of the main branches are left entire at the summer pruning if it is desired to extend, the size of the tree, and in winter are shortened to 15 inches. Stocks preferred are the Quince for wet and heavy soils, and the Pear for light and dry soils. 2.—Joun Grey, Normanton Gardens, Stamford. Number of Varieties Exhibited pee st we apneic. Observations—Exxamples very good, Doyenné du Comice, Glou Morcgeau, and Huyshe’s Victoria being very meritorious ; also the following, from wall trees: Beurré Diel, Glou Morceau, - Marie Louise, and Nec Plus Meuris. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation, sheltered ; ground inclining to the north. Tender sorts of Pears do not succeed very well here, excepting on walls having a southern aspect. I prefer the Pear stock for our dry, cool soil, with a little root-pruning occasionally, the trees soon come into bearing; but in gardens of a limited extent, the cropping of the borders with vegetables is somewhat detrimental to the fruit trees on the walls. I prune my trees on the cordon principle, whether bush, standard, or espalier, each branch extended and spurred in, forming a multiple of cordons, giving the plants a light and airy appear- ance. IJ do not advocate too early summer pinching, particularly for trees on the Pear stock. ‘ irene 2 Eee ee Varieties of Pears suited to Rutlandshire, SELECTED BY W. H. Drivers, Ketton Hall. Joun Grey, Normanton, Stamford. | No. of Times | Selected. 105 No. of Times Selected. July and August. Jargonelle Clapp’s Favourite Doyenné d Ete Williams’s Bon Chrétien September. Beurré d Amanlis ep etandy. Brockworth Park Fondante d’Au- tomne Summer Beurré d’ Aremberg Williams’s Bon Chrétien October. Louise Bonne of Jersey Beurré Bose eer Ardy 5 superfin Brown Beurré Comte de Lamy Durondeau Fondante d’Au- tomne Marie Louise Thompson’s Van Mons me ei bD jt a November. Conseiller de la Cour Duchesse d’An- gouleme Beurré Diel Délees d’ Har- denpont Emile d’Heéyst Marie Louise Napoléon Soldat Laboureur Thompson’s | Van Mons December. Glou Morceau Beurré Bachelier Crassane | Doyenné du Comice) General Tottleben | Huyshe’s Victoria | Passe Colmar Vicar of Winkfield | Winter Nelis January to March. Bergamote Espéren| Easter Beurré Nec Plus Meuris Winter Nelis Beurré Rance Knight’s Monarch feed fk fee ek Peek peek ed bet WD feb ek pe Re ek et me me bo bo bo bo 106 VARIETIES OF PEARS SUITED TO RUTLANDSHIRE. | No. of Times No. of Times | Selected. Selected. | | Stewing Pears. Louise Bonne of | | Jersey | 2 Ganilliac | 9 | Beurré d’Aremberg 1 Beurré Stereckmans 1 », Bachelier | 1 Duchesse d’An- | 0 Bose | 1 gouléme 1 », Capiau- | Morel 1 mont | 1 Uvedale’s St. Ger- | Beurré Diel | 1 main | 1 > |) hance. ee VWeeonibara | il Doyenné du Comice 1 Fondante d’Au- For Orchard Culture. Towel. ae | ; | | Malines 1 Beurré d’Amanlis 2 Marie Louise 1 ead | 2 Thompson's 1 Duchesse d’An- | Williams’s Bon gouléme 2 Chrétien | 1 GROUP IV.—MIDLAND COUNTIES—NORTH. STAFFORDSHIRE. Kahibitor. 1.—E. Gitman, Ingestre Hall Gardens, Stafford. Number of Varieties Exhibited As ras ee sco | EL Observations. Examples of fair average merit, those of Bonne d’Ezée and Marie Louise, from pyramids on the Quince, very good; also Beurré Diel and Doyenné d’Alencon, from espaliers, and Beurré Hardy, from a standard. Exhibitors Remarks.— Situation, sheltered. Soil, rich loam ; subsoil, clay. Varieties of Pears suited to Staffordshire, SELECTED BY E. Gruman, Ingestre Hall, Stafford. July and August. September. | Beurre Giffard | Beurré d Amanlis Jargonelle | » Superfin VARIETIES OF PEARS SUITED TO STAFFORDSHIRE. 107 Williams’s Bon Chrétien | December. October. Beurré d’Aremberg », Clairgeau Gansel’s Seckle eee Del Louise Bonne of Jersey Passe Colmar Seckle | Pitmaston Duchess November. January to March. Brockworth Park | Beurré Sterckmans Glou Morgeau | Knight’s Monarch Marie Louise | Josephine de Malines Van Mons Léon Leclere | Passe Crassane Winter Nelis GROUP IV.—MIDLAND COUNTIES—NORTH. WARWICKSHIRE. Exhibitors. 1.—W. Davis, Grove Park Gardens, Warwick. Number of Varieties Exhibited oh: my ss Lanai: Observations.—EKxamples of average merit, those of Flemish Beauty, Easter Beurré, and Doyenné du Comice very fine. 2.—Aurrep Hewtert, Hsq., Hazeley Manor, Warwick. (Gardener, George Clements.) Number of Varieties Exhibited ahG ie m9 ion 24 Observations. —Examples small, chiefly from pyramids and standards. Beurré Clairgeau and Marie Louise, from walls, very good ; also Louise Bonne of Jersey, from a pyramid on the Quince. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Soil, sandy loam and stiff clay; sub- soil, grave]. The standard and pyramid trees have the shoots thinned and shortened where necessary to allow the air to circulate through freely. ‘They are frequently root-pruned, and renovated with fresh soil, and well mulched with manure, &c.. at least three times each year. The ground should be well drained for Pears. Varieties of Pears suited to Warwickshire, SELECTED BY Grorcre Cuements, Hazeley Manor. July and August. Doyenné d’Eté September. Beurré d’Amanlis Jargonelle Williams’s Bon Chrétien October. Autumn Nelis Beurré Superfin Bishop’s Thumb Golden Bergamot Jersey Gratioli Louise Bonne of Jersey November. Beurré d’ Aremberg oie Marie Louise Passe Colmar December. Beurré Rance Nec Plus Meuris Winter Nelis Zéphirin Grégoire January to March. Bergamote Espéren Beurré Rance Easter Beurré Glou Morceau Vicar of Winkfield For Orchard Culture. Bergamote Kspéren Beurré d Amanlis ,, Capiaumont Bishop’s Thumb Doyenné d’Eté Golden Bergamot Louise Bonne of Jersey Wilhams’s Bon Chrétien Windsor Zéphirin Grégoire Stewing Pears. Beurré Capiaumont Doyenné d’Kté Louise Bonne of Jersey Williams’s Bon Chrétien WESTERN COUNTIES. . DEVONSHIRE . DORSETSHIRE ... . GLOUCESTERSHIRE . HEREFORDSHIRE . MONMOUTHSHIRE . SHROPSHIRE . SOMERSETSHIRE . WORCESTERSHIRE No. of Exhibitors. No. of Dishes Exhibited. 187 112 124 dll 58 25 69 223 x ni Si aah Snot ay hago PY hal 111 GROUP V.—WESTERN COUNTIES. DEVONSHIRE. Exhibitors. 1.—The Right Honourable Sir T. D. Actann, Bart., M.P Killerton, Exeter. (John Garland, Gardener.) a) Number of Varieties Exhibited hed et as 5A 40 Observations.—Examples of fair average size, those of Beurré Clairgeau, Madame Treyve, Beurré Diel, and Pitmaston Duchess, from pyramids, and Marie Louise, from wall, were large and very good. Most of the trees are on the Quince stock. Exhibitor's Iemarks.—Situation, fairly sheltered; aspect, south-east. Soil, ordinary garden, trees planted in loam; subsoil, red sandstone. The trees on walls are trained horizontally, three courses of bricks between each branch; the spurs are kept very close to the walls by pruning, the longest often being cut close back to the branch. The root-pruning of wall trees and pyramids depends on the amount of vigour in the tree, such sorts as Winter Nelis, Comte de Lamy, Victoria, and other free-bearing sorts seldom require it—the crop they bear moderates the growth. We always protect our choicest sorts from birds by netting, and allow them to hang on the trees as late as possible, thereby prolonging the season. I have had Winter Nelis fit for the table from October until February, and this I consider from its excellent qualities and keeping properties unsurpassed by any other sort. Doyenné du Comice is another favourite. This I have grown over 1+ lb. in weight. 2.—P. G. Horne, The Grange, Withycombe, Exmouth, Devon, Number of Varieties Exhibited ade Soh Re sexe! BD, Observations. —Examples smail and inferior. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation, sheltered, about a mile from the sea. Soil, heavy; subsoil, gravelly clay. Spur-pruning is adopted. 112 GROUP V.—WESTERN COUNTIES—DEVONSHIRE. 3.—-Ropert Veircu and Sons, Nurserymen, Exeter. Number of Varieties Exhibited as she sen Pee 6B Observations.—An interesting collection of the varieties most commonly to be met with in the district. Hxamples of average merit, some varieties much spotted. The following were noted: Napoléon, Doyenné du Comice, Huyshe’s Prince of Wales, and Madame Treyve, from walls; and Knight’s Monarch, Pitmaston Duchess, and Beurré Superfin, from pyramids. Some highly-coloured examples of Louise Bonne of Jersey were also shown. ~4.—JosepH Writs, Hollowmead, Bishop’s Teignton, Teignmouth. Number of Varieties Exhibited oe So ae tats 2A Observations.—EKxamples of average merit. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation, sheltered. Soil, rather strong loam, on the shillet rock. Varieties of Pears suited to Devonshire, SELECTED BY Joun Garuanpd, Killerton, Exeter. P. G. Horne, Withycombe, Exmouth. JosEpH Wiis, Bishop’s Teignton. No. of Times No. of Times Selected. Selected. July and August. October. Doyenné d’Eté 2 Louise Bonne of Jargonelle 2 Jersey 3 Beurré Giffard 2 Autumn Bergamot 1 Beurré Bose 2 September. Comte de Lamy 2 Kyewood 2 Beurré d’Amanlis | 2 Madame Treyye 2 Williams’s Bon | Marie Louise 2 Chrétien | 2 Pitmaston Duchess 2 Beurré Superfin 2 Althorp Crassane 1 VARIETIES OF PEARS SUITED TO DEVONSHIRE. 113 | No. of Times Na. of Times Selected. Selected. Baronne de Mello il Easter Beurré 3B Beurré d’Amanlis 1 Joséphine de » superfin if Malines 3 Brown Beurré 1 Beurré Rance 3 Duchesse d’Orleans 1 Knight’s Monarch 1 Nec Plus Meuris 1 November. Champagne 1 Glou Morceau 1 Beurré Diel 5) Inconnue 1 Doyenné du Zéphirin. Grégoire 1 Comice 2 Passe Colmar 2 Beurré Clairgeau 2 For Orchard Culture. Duchesse d’An- gouléme 2 Beurré Capiaumont 2 Thompson's 2 Hessel 2 Yan Mons Léon Jersey Gratioli 2 Leclerc | 2 Louise Bonne of Chaumontel | if Jersey 2 Crassane | 1 Wilhams’s Bon Huyshe’s Victoria | 1 Chrétien 2 | Bishop’s Thumb 2 December. | Comte de Lamy 2 | Doyenné d’EKté 2 Glou Morceau | 2 Hyewood 2 Huyshe’s Prince of | Jargonelle Z Wales 2 Beurré Clairgeau 1 Beurré d’Aremberg | 2, Lammas 1 Beurré Bachelier | i Swan’s Hee 1 Chaumontel 1 Windsor 1 Forelle 2 Winter Crassane 1 Huyshe’s Victoria if Winter Nelis 1 Passe Colmar 2 Winter Nelis 1 Knight’s Monarch 1 Stewing Pears. Maréchal de la Cour 1 Catillac — 3 Napoléon 1 Uvedale’s St. Germain 3 January to March. Bellissime d’Hiver 2 Vicar of Winkfield 1 3 Verulam 1 Bergamote E’spéren _114 GROUP V.—WESTERN COUNTIES. DORSETSHIRE. Exhibitor. 1.—W. G. Praenetyt, Castle Gardens, Sherborne, Dorset. Number of Varieties Exhibited ae on coe Beg ete? Observations.—A very fine and interesting collection, well displayed, a great amount of information being given as to stocks, &c., on the cards. Some examples of Huyshe’s Victoria were remarkable for their high colourmg. The finest examples exhibited were stated to have been grown on walls, those of Doyenné du Comice, Beurré Bacheler, Bishop’s Thumb, Beurré Diel, Duchesse d’Angouléme, and Pitmaston Duchess, from wall trees on the Pear, were specially good; some fine examples of Pitmaston Duchess, from a standard, were noted. Doyenné du Comice and Knight’s Monarch, from the Quince, were remarkably good. Varieties of Pears suited to Dorsetshire, SELECTED BY W. G. Praenetyu, Castle Gardens, Sherborne. July and August. Jersey Gratiol Louise Bonne of Jersey Citron des Carmes Seckle Doyenné d’ Ete Jargonelle | November. September. | Doyenné du Comice | Durondeau Beurré d’Amanlhs Maréchal de la Cour Flemish Beauty Marie Louise Williams’s Bon Chrétien Passe Colmar Pitmaston Duchess October. December. Autumn Bergamot Beurré Capiaumont Beurre Bachelier Frederic de Wurtemburg — Chaumontel VARIETIES OF PEARS SUITED TO DORSETSHIRE. 115 Glou Morcean Beurré Capiaumont Huyshe’s Prince of Wales is Diel Huyshe’'s Victoria Chaumontel Winter Nelis Fertility | Hessel January to March. | Jargonelle | Jersey Gratioli Bergamote Espéren | Lammas Easter Beurrée | Louise Bonne of Jersey March Bergamot | Williams’s Bon Chrétien Joséphine de Mabnes Knight’s Monarch Nec Plus Meuris | SUBLIIOS) LEI For Orchard Culture. Bellissime d’ Hiver | Catillac Aston Town Uvedale’s St. Germain Autumn Bergamot Vicar of Winkfield GROUP VY.—WESTERN COUNTIES. GLOUCESTERSHIRE. Kahibitors. 1.—W. H. Bannister, Gardener to H. Sr. Vincent Amzs, Esq., Cote House, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol. Number of Varieties Exhibited Bae ee me ela gee Observations.—lixamples in general very good, mostly from pyramids on the Quince. The following were noted: Madame Treyve, Beurré Superfin, Pitmaston Duchess, Conseiller de la Cour, Doyenné du Comice. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation, sheltered ; soil, heavy ; sub- soil, yellow clay. 2.—Joun Jerreries & Son, Nurserymen, Cirencester. Number of Varieties Exhibited cals “ ae pe 5) Collected from the gardens of Sir T. ae Bart., The Right Hon. Lord Sherborne, Lord Fitzhardinge, Fat G. Sothern Estcourt, Esq., and others. H 2 116 GROUP V.—WESTERN COUNTIES—GLOUCESTERSHIRE. Observations.—A fine, interesting collection ; examples small, those of Emile d’Héyst, Marie Louise, Beurré Diel, and Beurré Clairgeau very good. Hehibitors’ Remarks.—Situation, exposed; soil varies con- siderably, principally stonebrash. 3.—T. Suineies, Gardener to The Earl of Duci, Tortworth. Number of Varieties Exhibited ye oe ne ne 54 Observations. —Kixamples, fair average, somewhat small, but characteristic, those of Pitmaston Duchess, Marie Louise d’Uccle, Beurré d’Amanlis, Marie Louise, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Olivier de Serres, Nouvelle Fulvie, and the Black Pear of Worcester excellent ; also some very large fruit of the Seckle Pear. Behiblitor’s Remarks.—Situation sheltered. Soil, sandy loam, resting on the sandstone rock. Grown as pyramids and bush trees on the borders in the kitchen garden. They are chiefly grafted on Pear stock. and closely pruned. Those grown on the walls are horizontally trained and closely pruned, which system invariably produces the largest, brightest, and best- flavoured Pears. Varieties of Pears suited to Gloucestershire, SELECTED BY W. H. Bannister, Cote House Gardens, Westbury-on-Trym. J. JEFFERIES & Son, Cirencester. T. Saineves, Tortworth Court Gardens. No. of Times No. of Times Selected. Selected. | oe July and August. | September. | Jargonelle 3 Beurre d’Amanlis 3 Beurré Giffard 2 Ambrosia 1 Williams’s Bon Bewré Blane 1 Chrétien | 9 » Goubault 1 Citron des Carmes | 1 Fondante d’Au- Doyenné d’Eté | 1 tomne | 1 VARIETIES OF PEARS SUITED TO GLOUCESTERSHIRE. | No. of Times Selected. No. of Times Selected. Marie Marguerite Williams’s Bon Chrétien October. Louise Bonne of Jersey Beurré Superfin Seckle Autumn Bergamot Beurré Diel me Elardy Brown Beurré Comte de Lamy Conseiller de la Cour Doyenneé Boussoch Jersey Gratioli Marie Louise Marie Louise d’Uccle Van Mons Léon Leclere November. Beurré Diel Conseiller de la Cour Duchesse d’An- couleme Marie Louise Pitmaston Duchess Thompson’s Alexandre Lambré Baronne de Mello Beurré Bose Doyenne du Comice Durondeau Glou Morcgeau Van Mons Léon Leclerc feed famed fosek fomd ft it fd et I DD DO OD bo et rt re DO LO LD hb bo fed fed feed | Beurré d’Amanlis December. Winter Nelis Beurré Bachelier Hacon’s Incom- parable Passe Colmar Alexandre Lambré Beurre d’ Aremberg ,, Uangelier Glou Morceau Huyshe’s Prince of Wales | Huyshe’s Victoria | Joséphine de Malines | Knight’s Monarch Swan’s Ege January to March, | Bergamote Espéren Beurré Rance Chaumontel Easter Beurré Joséphine de Malines Nec Plus Meuris Glou Morceau Madame Millet March Bergamot Olivier de Serres Winter Crassane Zéphirin Grégoire | For Orchard Culture. Aston Town Beurré Capiau- mont Swan’s Kgg Ambrosia Bellissime d’Hiver bo bo b& be pee ae Oe No Na) bo ht EL EL bh DO 118 VARIETIES OF PEARS SUITED TO GLOUCESTERSHIRE. No. of tines No. of Times Selected. Selected. . i Beurré Bose | 1 Williams’s Bon Bishop’s Thumb | 1 Chretien | 1 Catillac | 1 Conseiller de la | | Cour | 1 Stewing Pears. Eyewood | 1 | Fondante Van | Bellissime d’Hiver | 2 Mons. | 1 Catillac | 2 Louise Bonne of | Uvedale’s St. Jersey | 1 Germain Y) Spanish Bon | Black Pear of Chrétien | 1 Worcester | 1 Thompson's 1 Spanish Bon | Van Mons Léon | Chrétien | if Leclere | 1 | | GROUP V.—WESTERN COUNTIES. HEREFORDSHIRE, Hahibitors. i-—Dr Bunn, leretord: Number of Varieties Exhibited oe ee coe, A collection of the Perry Pears of Her Sond ties 2.—Earl of Curstrerrietp, Holme Lacy, Hereford. Number of Varieties Exhibited ie a oe Soa OW Observations.—Examples large, fine, and extremely well grown, excellent representations of good culture; gathered chiefly from cordons on walls. The following were specially noted: Madame Treyve, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Princess (very fine highly coloured), Beurré d’Amanlis, Durondeau, Beurré Superfin, Marie Benoist, Doyenné du Comice, Joséphine | de Malines, and General Tottleben. Exhibstor’s Remarks. —Situation, sheltered. Soil, red sand- stone. 3.—W. Coneman, EHastnor Castle Gardens, Ledbury. Number of Varieties Exhibited ane e fe we 1290 (70 Dessert and 20 Perry eae GROUP V.—WESTERN COUNTIES—-HEREFORDSHIRE. 119 Observations.—A very fine and interesting collection. Some of the examples very large, notably Pitmaston Duchess, Doyenné Boussoch, Marie Louise, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Hacon’s Incomparable, Beurré Clairgeau, Jersey Gratioli, and Marie Louise d’Uccle. Exhibitor's Remarks.— Situation, fairly sheltered. Soil, heavy loam, resting on marl or limestone. Pyramids do best with us on the Quince stock, ground being cold and heavy. Pinching or frequent stopping suits the trees better than July and October pruning. Trees on good walls do best on the Free stock. We train horizontally, giving the branches plenty of room. Our soil being cold and heavy, we are obliged to lift the roots frequently, relay them im pure loam and old lime rubble, mulch, and water freely, and thin with a bold hand in good seasons. Pitmaston Duchess does extremely well on the Quince, also when double-grafted on the Free stock. Marie Louise, Williams's Bon Chrétien, Fondante d’Aut6mne, Princess of Wales, and other early Pears attain their highest flavour from standards, pyramids, and espaliers. 4.—James Harrnanp, Canon Frome Court Gardens, Ledbury. Number of Varieties Exhibited ae vie ee naa 21 Observations. —KEixamples mostly small, Easter Beurre, Duchesse d’Angouléme, Beurré Diel,and Beurré Rance, from walls, being very good. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Our garden is tolerably well-sheltered, but lies very low and damp, being close to the River Frome ; consequently we suffer much from late spring frosts. Many varieties of Pears planted here never produce fruit at all, although there is plenty of blossom; and several kinds that produce fruit never come to perfection. The soil is a strong, heavy loam— I think too cold for Pears—and unless the trees are frequently lifted, the roots go straight down to a great depth. They are all on the Pear stock. 5.—W. C. Henry, Hsq., Hafield, Ledbury. (Gardener, John Henderson.) Number of Varieties Exhibited ie id < get 120 GROUP V.—WESTERN COUNTIES—-HEREFORDSHIRE. Observations —Examples of fair average merit, those of Duchesse d’Angouléme, Marie Louise, Louise Bonne of Jersey, and Doyenné Boussoch, from walls, very good; those from standards poor. Evhibitor’s Remarks.—Situation, somewhat exposed. Soil, hazel loam ; subsoil, gravel and conglomerate marl. The most of the fruits sent are from old wall trees on the Pear stock, which have been regrafted. The spurs are allowed to grow their first summer's growth without stopping or pinching; then, instead of pruning back, we slip with the thumb and finger the strong shoots off quite clean, leaving no bud to grow again; thus we have only that left which is likely to form fruit-buds. By this system we have not failed to have a crop of fruit from these trees for the last 80 years. In trenching the ground the larger roots are cut. We mulch in dry summers, and apply a dressing of manure every season. J have come to the conclusion, that if old trees are properly treated and attended to, as good fruit may be obtained from them as from younger trees, and a general good crop may be depended upon. 6.—A. Warp, The Gardens, Stoke Edith Park, Hereford. Number of Varieties Exhibited Ee oe ke seseetou| Observations.—Fruit very fine and well grown, mostly from wall trees, cordon trained. The following were specially noted ; Easter Beurré, Maréchal de la Cour, Pitmaston Duchess, General Tottleben, Doyenné du Comice, from walls; and Marie Louise and Durondeau, from pyramids. Eehilitor’s Remarks.—Situation, on the northern slope of a neighbouring hill, well sheltered. A great many of the Pear trees here are growing on a zigzag or waving wall. Soil, deep sandy loam of the old red sandstone formation, admirably suited for fruit culture. 7.—Joun Warxins, Pomona Farm, Withington, Hereford. Number of Varieties Exhibited me an Are EAN OO A selection of the best Perry Pears of the district. Grown on standard trees; soil, stiff loam; subsoil, clay or marl. 121 Varieties of Pears suited to Herefordshire, Y SELECT2D BY The Earl of CuesterrieLp, Holme Lacy. W. Coteman, Eastnor Castle, Ledbury. J. Henperson, Haffield, Ledbury. A. Warp, Stoke Edith, Hereford. | No. of Times Selected. July and August. Beurre Giffard Doyenné d’Eté Jargonelle Beurré de I’ As- somption Clapp’s Favourite September. Beurré d’Amanlis Williams’s Bon Chrétien Souvenir du Congres Beurré Superfin Jargonelle Summer Beurré d’Aremberg Octcber. Beurre Superfin Louise Bonne of Jersey Beurré Hardy Brockworth Park (Bonne d’Kzée) Gansel’s Bergamot Marie Louise Beurré d’Amanlis Brown Beurré } { bo bo rt RA bo Colmar d’Eté | Doyenné Boussoch Duchesse d’Angou- | léme | Flemish Beauty Fondante d’Au- tomne Jersey Gratioli Knight’s Monarch | Madame Treyve | Maréchal dela | Cour | Thompson's November. Doyenné du Comice Marie Louise | Pitmaston Duchess) Alexandre Lambré | Beurré Bose — ,, Clairgeau Fe ao clardy, 7) Navez Conseiller de la Cour | Duchesse d’ Angou- léme Durondeau Emule d Héyst Marie Louise d’Uccle Napoleon No. of Times Selected. ar i ar er ho ft eh ts tt bet 0 OD CD a ar A VARIETIES OF PEARS SUITED TO HEREFORDSHIRE. No. of Times Selected. Seckle Thompson's December. Glou Morceau Beurré d’ Aremberg General Tottleben Winter Nelis Althorp Crassane Beurré Bachelier =e Die Crassane Dana’s Hovey | Doyenneé du Comice Forelle | Joséphine de Malines Nouvelle Fulvie Swan's Ege Van Mons Léon Leclere January to March. Bergamote Espéren Beurré Rance Joséphine de Malines Kaster Beurré Knight’s Monarch | Belle de Noel | Bergamote Her- trick Doyenne d’Alencon | fe ek ek et ee et ht DD DD DO OD fe fk fk et GROUP V.—WESTERN Doyenné Goubault Marie Benoist Olivier de Serres Winter Nelis For Orchard Culture. Swan’s lige Williams’s Bon Chrétien Beurré d’Amanlis » d’Aremberg Fee Oaotal mont Beurré Diel oo Wperiiat a Brockworth Park | (Bonne d@’Ezée) | Jargonelle | Louise Bonne of | Jersey | Marie Louise Seckle Thormpson’s Winter Nelis Stewing Pears. Catillac Uvedale’s St. Ger- main Duchesse d’Hiver Léon Leclere de Laval MONMOUTHSHIRE. Eahibitor. COUNTIES. No. of Times Selected. i 1 1 1 1.—THomas Coomper, The Hendre Gardens, Monmouth. Number of Varieties Exhibited 58 GROUP V.—WESTERN COUNTIES—MONMOUTHSHIRE. 123 Observations.—Examples generally good and well grown, chiefly from walls; the following specially noted: Pitmaston Duchess, Flemish Beauty, General Tottleben, Easter Beurré, Beurré Superfin, and Beurré d’ Anjou; also some fine examples of Catillac from an espalier on the Quince. Exhibitor's Remarks.—W ith but few exceptions the fruit shown grew upon trees on walls, pyramids, or espaliers, of various ages, all of which are more or less sheltered. The espaliers are cultivated upon a dark, sandy soil, resting on a fine, yellow loam, traversed with occasional bars of stone, and are principally on the Quince stock. This form of tree is found more satisfactory than any other in this situation. ‘The wall and pyramid trees are grown on Pear and Quince stocks, in cold, clayey soils, having marl as a subsoil, and consequently need their roots pruned and lifted periodically in order to check growth and encourage the formation of fruit spurs. Upon these soils wall trees answer best, and produce the finest fruits and heaviest crops. Some varieties do not succeed here, notably Glou Morceau, while others, for example, Beurre Diel, Beurré Superfin, Brockworth Park, Brown Beurré, Jargonelle, Pitmaston Duchess, Flemish Beauty, Easter Beurre, &c., do well. All the trees are once summer pruned, or pinched, secondary growths being removed when the leaves fall, at which time superflous spurs are also cut away. This season we suffered considerably from a hailstorm early in May, and many trees had thin crops in consequence. Respecting the fruits from walls it may be said the best were gathered from trees favoured with south or west aspects, and that they were mulched with manure during the growing season. Varieties of Pears suited to Monmouthshire, SELECTED BY 1.—Tuomas Coomper, The Hendre Gardens, Monmouth. July and August. : September. Beurré Giffard Beurré d’Amanhs Doyenné d’Kte - Souvenir du Congres Jargonelle Williams’s Bon Chrétien 124 VARIETIES OF PEARS SUITED October. Beurré Superfin Brockworth Park Brown Beurré Flemish Beauty Louise Bonne of Jersey Pitmaston Duchess November. Alexandre Lambré Althorp Crassane Beurré Diel oy welard y Marie Louise d’Uccle December. Beurré Bachelier Beurré Berckmans Joséphine de Malines Knight’s Monarch Thompson’s Winter Nelis TO MONMOUTHSHIRE. January to March. Bergamote Espéren Beurré d’ Aremberg Chaumontel Easter Beurré General Tottleben Nec Plus Meuris For Orchard Culture. Aston Town Beurré d’Amanlis a Diel Chaumontel Williams’s Bon Chrétien Windsor Stewing Pears. Catillac Uvedale’s St. Germain Vicar of Winkfield GROUP V.--WESTERN COUNTIES. SHROPSHIRE. Exhibitor. 1.—J. Lusszuis, Aqualate Hall, Newport. Number of Varieties Exhibited 5 ane te Soave ae) Observations.—Examples extremely good, clear, and highly coloured. The following grown on walls, the trees horizontally trained, namely, Pitmaston Duchess, Fondante des Charneuses, Beurré Diel, Urbaniste, British Queen, Marie Louise, and Bergamote Espéren, were specially noted. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation, moderately exposed. Soil, light; subsoil, yellow sand. The trees are pruned in summer, and ~ close spurred in winter; pyramids are summer pinched, kept thin in wood, occasionally root-pruned. Williams’s Bon Chrétien 125 Varieties of Pears suited to Shropshire, SELECTED BY J. Lussets, Aqualate Hall, Newport. July and August. Beurré Giffard Citron des Carmes Jargonelle September. Beurré d’Amanlis » Superfin October. Albertine Beurré Bose mores Llardiy Fondante d’Autémne Louise Bon of Jersey Marie Louise November. Beurré Diel Brown Beurré Doyenné du Comice Duchesse d’Angouléme Her Majesty Van Mons Léon le Clerc December. Beurré Bachelier Glou Morceau Napéolon St. Germain Winter Nelis January to March. Bergamote Espéren Kaster Beurré Glou Morceau Joséphine de Malines Nec Plus Meuris GROUP V.—WESTERN COUNTIES. SOMERSETSHIRE. Exhibitor. 1.—Rosert H. Poynter, Nurseryman, &c., Taunton. Number of Varieties Exhibited we ey. ue son 109 Ohservations.—Examples collected from the gardens of Wyndham Slade, Esq., and J. Winter, Esq. Grown on bushes and pyramids. Those of Chaumontel, Beurré Diel, Huyshe’s Victoria, Gansel’s Bergamot, and Beurré Clairgeau, from walls, were very ‘good. | Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation, fairly exposed. Walled garden. Soil, good stiff loam; subsoil, clay. A great number 126 GROUP V.—WESTERN COUNTIES—SOMERSETSHIRE. of the trees were imported from France and Belgium some 30 years ago. None of the trees have had other than the most ordinary pruning or training, and that chiefly in winter. Varieties of Pears suited to Somersetshire, SELECIED BY Rosert H. Poynter, Taunton. July and August. Green Chisel Jargonelle Jeannette September. Beurré d’ Amanlis Crassane Williams’s Bon Chrétien October. Autumn Bergamot British Queen Brown Beurre Dunmore Jersey Gratioli Louise Bonne of Jersey November, Althorp Crassane Beurré d’ Aremberg 55) Boxe a rel Marie Louise Pitmaston Duchess Thompson’s December. Glou Morceau Huyshe’s Prince Consort Knight's Monarch Nec Plus Meuris Passe Colmar Thompson’s January to March. Bergamote Espéren Beurré Rance Easter Beurré Joséphine de Malines Prince Albert Winter Nelis For Orchard Culture. Aston Town Bergamot Bishop’s Thumb Iiyewood Green Chisel Williams’s Bon Chrétien Windsor Winter Nelis Stewing Pears. Black Pear of Worcester Catillae Uvedale’s St. Germain Warden 127 GROUP V.—WESTERN COUNTIES. WORCESTERSHIRE. Exhibitors. 1.—Witiiam Crump, The Gardens, Madresfield Court, Malvern. Number of Varieties Exhibited ... 1G eat bee 37 Observations. —EXxxamples large and fine, mostly from wall trees on the Pear stock. The following were specially noted: Easter Beurré, Beurré Diel, Doyenné du Comice, Easter Beurré, Beurré Bachelier, Pitmaston Duchess, Bergamote Espéren, Beurre Superfin, and Knight’s Monarch. Some examples of the latter variety grown under glass were specially fine. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation, 135 feet above sea-level, with very little shelter ; aspect, open. Soil, strong loam, approaching to clay; subsoil, red marl, with gravel. Pears are largely cultivated on the Free or Pear stock; they do remarkably well in the strong soil of this district so long as the roots are kept near the surface by systematic root-pruning, till the balance of fertility is struck, otherwise, if allowed to root down unrestricted into the wet, unkindly subsoil of strong marl, the fruit cracks and becomes spotted and worthless, the trees making gross wood, which does not ripen. Glou Morceau is one of the first to show distress. 1 do not infer that this root-pruning, however judiciously done, will always secure full crops, as spring frosts have to be taken into account. Our very finest Pears are grown on a west _ aspect wall. A large number of sorts are grown in Orchards on standards for Perry, which are quite useless for any other purpose. These trees are many of them of large size, quite timber trees on pasture land, certainly not worth the ground they occupy. Very few of these kinds are now planted, and I am told tiie demand for this beverage is on the decline, therefore the sooner these useless kinds drop out of cultivation the better; had I not been strongly of this opinion, I would have sent up a collection of Perry Pears. 2.—Wituiam Davies, Rochford House, Tenbury, Worcester. Number of Varieties Exhibited... oe ine, ane 40 Observations.—Examples small, some fine specimens of Marie Louise and Pitmaston Duchess excepted. 128 GROUP V.——-WESTERN COUNTIES—-WORCESTERSHIRE. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation, open. Soil, very heavy clay ; subsoil, red marl. Planting.—Pears require to be planted very shallow in this heavy soil, or the wood will not ripen off well. Pruning.—The less you use the knife the better for standard trees; all that is required is to thin out the tops, and this should be done directly the fruit is gathered. Dwarf-trained trees require more care. Winter pruning should not be practised, because it injures the buds when they are at rest. [toot-pruning should not be attempted when the trees are fruitful. Once in every three years I consider often enough as a rule, and the best time to root-prune is just as the leaves change colour. 3.—Wn. Forses Gipson, Seaford Grange, Pershore. Number of Varieties Exhibited... as ft ei 14 Observations—Examples mostly small, Doyenné Boussoch and one or two others excepted. Eahibitor’s Remarks.—Situation, open. Soil, stiff clay. The Pears exhibited by me were grown on standards and pyramids in my fruit plantation here. The Hessel, Brown Sovereign, Brown Beurré, and Winter Crassane, are par- ticularly productive and suited to the locality. The two extra Pears: one is the Black Pear of Worcester, which is now very rare, and only of value for its historical association, and the other, the Barland Pear, much esteemed for Perry. 4.—H. Rritcutz, Kardiston Gardens, Worcester. Number of Varieties Exhibited - ... ae a ess 50 Observations.—-Examples in general small, of fair appearance and quality, those of Pitmaston Duchess very large, also Louise Bonne of Jersey, Marie Louise d’Uccle, Knight’s Monarch, Beurré Rance, and Catillac. Evhihitors’ Nemarks.—Situation, exposed. Soil, heavy loam ; subsoil, stonebrash. Most of the sorts are grown on grass land-— standard trees, with stems about 7 feet high, and receive no resular pruning, only haying the shoots thinned out about once in five years. Stocks, chiefly the old Quince. All our finest fruits are from walls, cultured recularly and spur-pruned. 5.—R. Saira & Co., Nurserymen, &c., Worcester. Number of Varieties Exhibited... a ye ae 82 GROUP YV.—WESTERN COUNTIES—-WORCESTERSHIRE. 129 Observations—An extremely fine and interesting collection, the examples in many cases being very large and excellent. The following were specially noted, viz.: Pitmaston Duchess, Beurré Bachelier, Duchesse d Angouléme, Beurré Hardy, Maréchal de la Cour, Joséphine de Malines, Passe Colmar, Winter Nelis, Glou Morgeau, Passe Crassane, and Beurré Superfin. Varieties of Pears suited to Worcestershire, SELECTED BY Wiiu1am Crump, Madresfield Court Gardens, Malvern. Wiiu1am Davies, Rochford, Tenbury. W. Forses Grszon, Seaford Grange, Pershore. H. Rircute, Eardiston Gardens, Worcester. No. of Times July and August. | Jargonelle Clapp’s Favourite Citron des Carmes | Doyenné d’'Eté Lammas Wilhams’s Bon Chrétien September. Williams’s Bon Chrétien | Beurré d’Amanlis | ,, de l’As- somption Beurré Superfin Clapp’s Favourite Dr. Hogg | Hessel Jargonelle October. Marie Louise Brown Beurré Louise Bonne of Jersey No. of Times Selected. Selected. Autumn Bergamot 1 9 -§ Colmar 1 1 Bastard 1 Jargonelle 1 1 Bellissime d’Hiver 1 Beurré Bose 1 1 Gan; = aplat- 1 mont 1 Beurré Diel i pee) tardy, 1 5 superfin if Comte de Lamy 1 3 Downham Seedling I 1 Duchesse d’Angou- | léme 1 if Jersey Gratioli 1 if Robert 1 1 Welbeck Bergamot 1 1 1 November. t Beurré Diel 2 Pitmaston Duchess | 2 Beurré Bachelier | 1 3 Brown Beurré i 2 » sovereign 1 Conseiller de la 2: Cour | 1 130 VARIETIES OF PEARS SUITED TO WORCESTERSHIRE. No. of Times No. of Times Selected. Selected. Durondeau iL Autumn Bergamot | 2 Marie Louise I Worcester Silk 2 Swan’s Ege 1 Aston Town 1 Thompson's 1 Barland 1 | Bastard Jargonelle 1 December. Biddoe | 1 | Bishop’s Thumb 1 Passe Colmar 2 Brown Beurré 1 Beurré d’ Anjou 1 Brown Roller 1 ,, d Aremberg 1 Catin | 1 ,, Bachelier 1 Downham Seedling 1 Black Pear of | Duchesse d’Angou- Worcester 1 | léme 1 Doyenné du | Duke William 1 Comice 1 Gansel’s Bergamot i Duchesse d’Angou- Green Chisel 1 léme 1 Hessel 1 General Tottleben 1 Jargonelle i Glou Morceau 1 Jersey Gratioli 1 Knight’s Monarch 1 | Lammas 1 Old Bergamot 1 | Louise Bonne of Winter Crassane 1 Jersey | 1 a Nelis 1 Oldfield il Old Longland 1 January to March. Roberts 1 Spotted Longland | 1 Bergamote Es- | Suffolk Thorn 1 péren 2 | Swan’s Egg 1 Beurré Rance 2 | White Roller 1 Easter Beurré 2 | Windsor 1 Chaumontel 1 | Glou Morceau il Stewing Pears. Joséphine de | Malines 1 Catillac | 3 Nec Plus Meuris 1 Black Pear of Olivier de Serres 1 | Worcester 2 Zéphirin Grégoire 1 Bellissime d’Hiver 1 | Belmont | 1 For Orchard Culture. | Glou Morgeau 1 | Uvedale’s St. | Williams’s Bon | Germain | 1 Chrétien 3 | Vicar of Winkfield 1 SOA) PV I. Poh eatin Ne COUNTIES. No. of No. of Dishes Exhibitors. Exhibited. 1. CUMBERLAND ... mi 2 2 PEwANCASHIRE ... son 2 74 8. YORKSHIRE... ne 2 69 12 al 2 pea hea pas be caf ate. homo ary eater j Ay ar aa ar Say : 133 GROUP VI.—NORTHERN COUNTIES. CUMBERLAND. Exhibitors. 1.—Maes Maclnyes, Lintock Castle, Carlisle. Number of Varieties Exhibited sh a: My a ] Vbservations.—Small examples of King Edward. Exhibitors’ Remarks.—These seem very small according to the “Fruit Manual.” It is a remarkable fact, however, that Edward I. undoubtedly slept at Lintock Castle the night before his death, and it is possible that the old tree here may be the parent of the “ King Edwards,” which were originally named from this fact. 2.—Miss Jounston, The Beeches, Redlerby, Carlisle. Number of Varieties Exhibited ie na ne a 1 GROUP VI.--NORTHERN COUNTIES. LANCASHIRE. | Exhibitors. 1.—The Right Hon. the Earl of Laraom, Lathom House, Ormskirk, (Gardener, James Hathaway.) Number of Varieties Exhibited rr oe ees Sl i OS Observations.—Examples of fair average merit in respect of size, and clear skinned, those of Duchesse d’Angouléme, Doyenné du Comice, Easter Beurré, Winter Nelis, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Marie Louise, &c., from wall-trained trees, were very good ; also some specimens of the Black Pear of Worcester and Beurré d’Amanlis, from bush trees. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation, rather low and damp, well sheltered by belts of forest trees on the north, north-east, and west sides. Soil, poor, black, and sandy; subsoil, a strong adhesive 134 GROUP VI.—NORTHERN COUNTIES—LANCASHIRE. clay, which seems to cause the roots to canker very much. Most of the trees here are rather old, and a great number have been regrafted—some of them with several different varieties on the one tree (a practice which I do not at all agree with, especially where there is sufficient space for the varieties required), most of the trees being crowded both as regards branches and spurs, which [ am gradually thinning. The first that were. thinned are now bearing much more freely. I also lift and root-prune a few trees every season as other work will allow. Some of the trees were badly infested with scale, and also Woolly Aphis, but with a liberal dressing of Gishurst Compound, and a painting over with tar and clay, both pests are fast disappearing, and the trees look much healthier. I consider the Pear stock most suitable in this part of the country, as the few we have on the Quince seem very shy bearers. As far as my experience goes, Pears of all kinds are much later here than in the Midland and Southern Counties, especially the earlier kinds. Some of the later varieties are very subject to crack, which I attribute to excess of moisture, because I find them crack more in wet autumns than in dry ones. I have no doubt, too, that the subsoil, being stiff and heavy, holds the moisture about the roots, and so assists the evil. We summer prune our trees, with the exception of large orchard trees, which are left to the winter pruning. 2.—Txsomas WinxwortH, Childwall Hall Gardens, Liverpool. Number of Varieties Exhibited ... oe oe — 36 Observations.— Wxamples small, the following were the most worthy: Napoléon, Marie Louise, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Beurré Clairgeau, Easter Beurré, Williams’s Bon Chrétien, Glou Morceau, chiefly from espaliers and bush trees. Exhibitor's Rentarks.—Situation, rather exposed; soil, mode- rately light—an old garden; subsoil, red sand. The trees on walls are trained horizontally. Glou Morceau, Kaster Beurré, Beurré Diel, are the surest croppers. Brown Beurré and Napoléon bear moderately. They all do much better against walls than in the cpen ground. This locality is not favourable for Pears, many varieties failing to fruit, excepting the autumn should prove very fine. 135 Varieties of Pears suited to Lancashire, SELECTED BY JamMES HarHaway, Lathom, Ormskirk July and Auyust, Citron des Carmes Jargonelle Doyenné d’Eté September. Beurré d’Amanlis Williams’s Bon Chrétien Jargonelle October. Brown Beurré Louise Bonne of Jersey Marie Louise Autumn Bergamot Beurré d’ Amanlis Seckle November. Beurré Diel Comte de Lamy Duchesse d’ Angou- léme Gansel’s Bergamot Glou Morgeau Louise Bonne of Jersey Marie Louise Napoléon Swan’s kigg Van Mons Léon Leclere No. of Times Selected. me bo bo Se ee December Glou Morgeau Winter Nelis Beurré d’Aremberg, > Dil Huyshe’s Victoria Napoléon Trout Pear January to March. Easter Beurré Beurré d’Aremberg » Rance Colmar Glou Morgeau Winter Nelis For Orchard Culture. Beurré d’Aremberg Bishop’s Thumb Green Chisel Jargonelle Louise Bonne of Jersey Williams’s Bon Chrétien Stewing Pears. Catillac Uvedale’s St. Ger- main Verulam | No. of Times Selected. a No) fat fet pet pet pt HO DO ft fet fed fed ft pe a 136 GROUP VI.—NORTHERN COUNTIES. YORKSHIRE. Exhibitors. 1.—H. J. Cuaytron, Grimston Gardens, Tadeaster. Number of Varieties Exhibited bs Sos 25 aes eS) Observations—Examples small. The following were noted as the more important, viz.: Beurré Diel, General Tottleben, Easter Beurré, Marie Louise, Knight’s Monarch, from espaliers ; Beurré Superfin, from a cordon ; and Louise Bonne of Jersey. 2.—Epwarp Hatz, Gardener to Lord Botton, Bedale. Number of Varieties Exhibited ae ag ae fee. AD Observations.—A very good selection of clear, well-grown fruit, the following being specially noted: Hacon’s Incomparable, Beurre Clairgeau, Beurré d’Amanlis, Seckle, Marie Louise, Beurré Rance, Catillac, Doyenné du Comice, and Beurré Diel, from south and west walls. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Soil, of a heavy nature ; subsoil, gravel, on limestone. Bolton Hall is situate in a very cold district, _ about 500 feet above the sea-level. Our Pears are all grown on walls here; bush trees are considered worthless in this district. They are mostly on the Pear stock, and are of a great age. Some of them have been grafted several times over, a plan that succeeds admirably. There are only about a dozen varieties worth growing here; those that succeed best are Jargonelle, Willams’s Bon Chrétien, Souvenir du Congres, Pitmaston Duchess, Hacon’s Incomparable, Fondante d’Automne, Marie Louise (the best Pear we have, never fails), Joséphine de Malines, Seckle, and Louise Bonne of Jersey. Varieties of Pears suited to Yorkshire, SELECTED BY Kk. Hazzt, Bolton Hall Gardens, Bedale. July and August. | » September. | Citron des Carmes | Jargonelle Doyenné d’Eté | Souvenir du Congrés Green Chisel Williams’s Bon Chrétien VARIETIES OF PEARS SUITED TO YORKSHIRE. 137 October. December. Beurré Diel ace pulse ? Flemish Beauty Nec Flus Meuris Fondante d’ AutOmne Winter Nelis Louise Bonne of Jersey Tanita March Seckle Junuary to dlarch. Beurré Langelier Joséphine de Malines Nec Plus Meuris November. Beurré Bose Conseiller de la Cour Stewiny Pears. Hacon’s Incomparable Mane Louise Catillac Winter Nelis Uvedale’s St. Germain AUS c slp AE AN Ma A eee Se 2 i a sia Lt p 4 {ae Screg! ‘iy ie Ste a rs Seen rss pone ee ma eae i ae . ea: Give Use. AT. ONO) IE Joisa\ NIB No. of Exhibitors. | SCOTLAND _..... aoe oe 16 No. of Dishes Exhibited. Sa wpe tern | rd a ree ter le = - 141 GROUBRDY ii: SCOTLAND. Exhibitors. I1.—The Hon. G. G. Datrymerte, Elliston, St. Boswell’s. (D. Melville, Gardener.) Number of Varieties Exhibited poe ae ae ee BS Observations—An extremely meritorious collection ; speci- mens throughout large in size, and of fine appearance, rivalling those from the most favoured districts of the country. A great proportion grown as pyramids under glass, the rest on walls. The following specially noted: General Tottleben, Marie Louise, Doyenné du Comice, Passe Colmar, Nouvelle Fulvie, Fortunée, Winter Nelis, Bergamot Esperen, Pitmaston Duchess. Exhibitor's Remarks.—All grown on the Quince stock. Soil, stiff and retentive till, composed of rotten whinstone. 2.—James Day, Galloway House, Garlieston. Number of Varieties Exhibited sh os om KE BS Observations.—Examples of the following of fair average merit: Pitmaston Duchess, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Jersey Gratioli, Emile d’Héyst, Marie Louise, Beurré d’Aremberg, Beurré Rance, «ec. Exhibitor's Remarks,—The finest fruits, such as Pitmaston Duchess, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Marie Louise, Jersey Gratiol1, and Beurré Hardy, from trees four years planted, on the Quince stock; the others from old trees that have been root- pruned and renovated by adding plenty of good loam. Grown mostly on walls; natural soil-heavy, with good natural drainage. Situation, from 20 to 30 feet above sea-level, and about 500 yards distant therefrom. Sheltered on all sides by woods, and with an average rainfall of 42 inches. The soil and climate here is well adapted for fruit growing, especially Apples and small fruits, but good shelter from the east wind in spring is essential. 8.—Matcoum Dunn, The Gardens, Dalkeith Palace, Midlothian. Number of Varieties Exhibited es i nies 1 yee 62 142 GROUP VII.—SCOTLAND. Observations —Examples small in comparison with those grown in the south, and deficient in colour. The early varieties, such as Williams’s Bon Chrétien, Hessel, Achan, and Beurré d’Amanlis, were very good; also Beurré Rance, Marie Louise, Thompson's, and Knight’s Monarch. Exhibitor's Remarks.—The gardens here are sheltered on the west and north, but exposed to the south and south-east. Soil, deep, light loam, heavily manured ; subsoil, open gravel. The collection of Pears sent to the Congress are fair specimens of the best of our crop this season, but they are not up to the average either in size or colour. The greater part of our Pear trees are on the Free or Pear stock, and grown either on walls or as orchard trees, most of the latter being standards. On our light, warm soil and sheltered situation, many sorts come to maturity on standards that will not succeed generally as such so far north. All of the kinds named in the selections are worth growing in localities similar to this. The list is too long, however, and might be reduced one-third with advantage, say to 20 varieties at most, which number of first-rate sorts for the locality would suit all ordinary purposes. As a rule, the Quince stock is not so successful as the Free stock here; it generally does pretty well for a few years, and then invariably goes barren, and some sorts never do well on it at all. Our trees seldom get over-luxuriant, and suffer less from gross growth than from starvation or want of moisture and manure. In ordinary seasons, and on well-manured ground, trees on the Pear or Free stock seldom fail to bear a crop, even to a great age ; while no amount of manure seems to have any effect in promot- ing fertility in a tree on the Quince stock after it begins to show signs of distress. Our fruit trees are all regularly and moderately pruned, and, I need hardly add, as regularly manured, all of them growing in cultivated ground used for growing vegetables, which is heavily manured. Orchard Pears in this district are generally early kinds, grown to supply the local markets, and they are too often of very indifferent quality, as well as mere scraps in size. Hessel is the best of them, taking all points into consideration. There is now a general disposition to cultivate superior kinds, and in the course of time the most of the better varieties I have named, or others equally good, will take the place of prolific, but worthless, old sorts. Stewing Pears are not much grown, but the varieties named bear GROUP VII.—SCOTLAND. 143 excellent crops m ordinary seasons, and if there were a demand for them, they would be found very profitable. 4.—G. W. McHartiz, Newbattle Abbey, Dalkeith. Number of Varieties Exhibited oe ae oe: ene re Sa Observations.—Examples small and wanting in colour, those of Comte de Lamy, Beurré d’Amanlis, Louise Bonne of Jersey, and Marie Louise being the best. Mostly grown on walls. . §.—Ormiston & Renwick, Nurserymen, Melrose. Number of Varieties Exhibited Se wa a Pee Ot Colleeted from the following Gardens, viz. :— (1.) Abbotsford. Observations.—The examples of Jargonelle, Marie Louise, and Flemish Beauty very good. (2.) Hoebridge. Observations.—Some examples of St. Lawrence (Bellissime d’Eté) noted as good. : (3.) Makerston. Observations.— Examples of Louise Bonne of Jersey noted as specially fine, also Doyenné du Comice and St. Lawrence (Bellissime d’Eté). (4.) Maxton Manse, The Rev. M. H. Granam. Observations.—Doyenné Boussoch, very fine examples; also Louise Bonne of Jersey, Beurré Diel, Beurré eons, and une du Comice. Eahibitor’s Remarks.—Situation, on the south bank of the Tweed, 260 feet above the sea-level. Soil, heavy clay (15 inches deep); cold, stiff subsoil. For walls I prefer the Quince stock, which is much improved by occasional applications of lme compost at the roots. The Quince is of no use for orchards, owing to early blossoming. They should be planted very shallow, and without manure except as a mulching. Summer 144 GROUP VII.—SCOTLAND. pinching and winter pruning is best. Have found erating 8 and budding good sorts on old Jargonelle a good plan. (5.) Milne Graden, Coldstream, D. Minnz-Home, Esq. (Gardener James Graham.) Observations.—The examples of Doyenné Boussoch, Beurré Diel, and Louise Bonne noticeable. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Grown on south aspect walls; situation, exposed. Soil, light, sandy loam, with gravel subsoil. Our trees are nearly all on the Quince stock, the greater portion planted eight years ago. Root pruning is regularly attended to, also summer pinching, and pruned early in spring. (6.) Priorwood. Observations.—The examples of Doyenné du Comice and Winter Nelis worthy of note. 6.—Dr. Rosertson, Fern Bank, Errol. Number of Varieties Exhibited oy ron ~ one 19 Observations.—Interesting, as containing examples of the old varieties of Scotch Pears, although by comparison with others they seem scarcely worth cultivation. Examples in general small, those of Williams’s Bon Chrétien excepted, which were very good. — The following were lots also collected by and forwarded per Dr. Robertson :-— (1.) James Doc, Priory Gardens, Inchture. Number of Varieties Exhibited ... oe ude se 4 Observations.—Very fine, well-grown examples of Glou Morgeau, General Tottleben, and Nouveau Poiteau. (2.) R. Forses, Pitfour, Perth. Number of Varieties Exhibited ie ids ea) me 9 Observations—Examples small, mostly of the ordinary varieties. GROUP VII.—SCOTLAND. 145 (3.) J. M. Drummonp, Megginch Castle, Errol. Number of Varieties Exhibited Ae a “ eae ei (12) Observations. —An interesting collection, as containing many of the old Scotch Pears grown in that district. Fruits very small and inferior to such as Louise Bonne of Jersey, Beurré Diel, Beurré d@’Amanlis, Williams’s Bon Chrétien, grown under similar conditions. (4.) W. Goopatt, Errol. Number of Varieties Exhibited se va ie i 1 Observations.—Moderately fine examples of the Jargonelle, the finest and most popular Pear grown in Scotland. (5.) A. Lacamtr, Gourdie Hill, Errol. Number of Varieties Exhibited at See ae ae 28 Observations.—A very interesting collection, containing ex- amples of most of the varieties of old Scotch Pears, such as The Beurré, Achan, Drummond, Pease Meal Poke, Mageie Dunean, &c. (6.) — Latrp, Glencarse, Perth. Number of Varieties Exhibited yh iy we Aime SO 0) Observations.—Examples of fair average merit; mostly varieties in general cultivation, such as Marie Louise, Glou Morgeau, &c. (7.) J. Rem, Ballindean Gardens, Inchture. Number of Varieties Exhibited ee Ate Pie ae 9 Observations.—Ordinary examples of the leading varieties. (8.) Tuomas Smitx, Perth. Number of Varieties Exhibited ... ia) Soe Me 4 Observations.—Ordinary examples. (9.) P. Symon, Flatfield Orchard, Errol. Number of Varieties Exhibited ... vo tio 1 4 Observations. —Ordinary examples, K 146 GROUP VII.—SCOTLAND. 7.—Wm. Smita, Oxenford Castle Gardens, Midlothian. Number of Varieties Exhibited Das ae om: oe ala) Observations. —Examples small, and of poor appearance, those of Souvenir du Congrés excepted, which were very fine. Ewhibitor’s Remarks.:—The fruits exhibited were grown on walls, the trees fan-trained, and from 85 to 40 years old, on the Free stock; they are pruned summer and winter on the spur system. Last summer was very dry and cold, so that the fruit is very much smaller than usual. They bear freely every year, but are always late. Varieties of Pears suited to Scotland. SeLECTED BY ’ The Honourable G. G. Datrymete, St. Boswell’s. M. Dunn, Dalkeith. Rey. M. H. Granam, Maxton Manse. D. Mitnr-Home, Coldstream. W. Sairu, Oxenford Castle. | No. of Times No. of Times Selected. Selected. July and August. | Beurré Giffard if Dovenné @kite 3 Souvenir du Con- | ; Citron des Carmes 2 oe Beurré Capiaumont 1 Gone Jargonelle 1 eee Jpsoite ans ; ; Beurré d’ Amanlis 3 Summer Beurré eed 3 dW’ Aremberg 1 wn y f 9 Williams’s Bon i Go ae Thien 1 Fondante d’Au- tomne 2 Sepienber Louise Bonne of Jersey 2 Hessel 8 Souvenir du Con- Jargonelle | 3 eres 2 Williams’s Bon Autumn Bergamot 1 Chrétien | 3 ,, Jdoséphine | 1 VARIETIES OF PEARS SUITED TO SCOTLAND. 147 No. of Times No. of Times K 2 Selected. Selected. Beurré de ]’As- December. somption 1 Beurré Giffard 1 Beurré Diel 4 Brown Beurré 1 ,» dAremberg 2 Colmar d’Eté 1 55 LEONE 2 Comte de Lamy 1 3) di Anjou 1 Croft Castle 1 Te vance 1 Doyenné du Comice ilies CalebasseBoisbunel 1 King Edward 1 Colmar 1 Marie Louise 1 Conseiller de la Muir Fowl’s Kgg 1 Cour 1 Rivers’ Bergamot 1 Doyenné du Comice 1 Seckle 1 Duchesse d’An- Williams’s Bon gouléme 1 Chrétien 1 Durondeau 1 Glou Morceau 1 Hacon’s Incom- Nevember. parable 1 Knight’s Monarch 1 Marie Louise 1 Louise Bonne of Napoléon 1 Jersey 4 Passe Colmar 1 Marie Louise 4 Red Doyenné 1 Brown Beurré 2 Thompson’s 1 Doyenné du Comice 2 Gansel’s Bergamot 2 January to March. Glou Morceau 2 Baronne de Mello 1 Kaster Beurré 5 Beurré de Aremberg 1 Winter Nelis 4 », Capiaumont 1 Beurré Rance 3 Comte de Lamy 1 Passe Crassane 3 Conseiller de la Joséphine de Cour 1 Malines 2 Doyenné Boussoch 1 Bergamote Espéren 1 Flemish Beauty 1 Beurre d’ Aremberg 1 General Tottleben 1 Dre! 1 Hacon’s Incom- » sterckmans 1 parable 1 Kaster Bergamot 1 Jersey Gratioli 1 Fortunée ] Pitmaston Duchess 1 Glou Morceau 1 Red Doyenné 1 Hacon’s Incom- Seckle 1 parable i White Doyenné 1 Inconnue 1 148 Iris Grégoire Matthew’s Eliza Nouvelle Fulvie Olivier de Serres Soldat Esperen | | | | | For Orchard Culture. Hessel Doyenné d’ Ete Louise Bonne of Jersey Beurré Diel Croft Castle Hacon’s Incom- parable Muir Fowl’s Egg Williams’s Bon Chrétien Beurré d’Amanlhis 99 Charnock Colmar d’Eté Crawford Early Beurré Capiaumont VARIETIES OF PEARS SUITED TO No. of Times Selected. eee SCOTLAND. No. of Times Selected. | Fair Maggie | Gansel’s Bergamot Glou Morceau | Jargonelle Lammas Marie Louise Seckle Summer Beurré d’ Aremberg Swan’s Egg Stewing Pears. Catillae Bellissime d’Hiver Black Pear of Worcester Beurré Diel Po kvailnee Gansel’s Bergamot | St. Lawrence | Uvedale’s St. | Germain | Verulam | re ee bo ao rt Jah fd ek ed fet ped GawOww), POV ITT. No. of No. of Dishes Exhibitors. Exhibited. WALES. ..: Ss _ se 8 166 151 GROUP VIII. WALES. Exhibitors. 1.—T. D. Dantet, Coed Park, Cwm Avon. Number of Varieties Exhibited At ie: ben shied pei QO Observations.—Examples mostly small, those of Duchesse d’Angouléme, from wall tree on the Quince, very good; also Doyenné Boussoch and Glou Mor¢eau, from bush trees ; and Marie Louise, from a standard. 2?.—GerorcE GrirFin, Gardener to Baron pre Rurzen, Slebeck Park, Pembrokeshire. Number of Varieties Exhibited = she ost Ree wees Observations. —EXxamples of average merit, grown on walls. The following ,were noted as good, viz.: Durondeau, Catillac, Duchesse d’Angouléme, Pitmaston Duchess, Bishop’s Thumb, Joséphine de Malines, and Louise Bonne of Jersey. Exhibitor's Nemarks.—Situation, exposed to south-west Atlan- tic winds. Soil, old garden, shallow, on broken Silurian rock, mixed with clay, well draimed. Pears are not grown in this county except in the gardens of the gentry. ‘To have Pears in this county they must be grown on walls, in well-drained borders, and the roots prevented from penetrating into the subsoil, which, in Pembrokeshire, is nearly everywhere wet and cold. Once the roots get down, the tree cankers and the fruit cracks. The south-west and west winds off the Atlantic are also very injurious; if it blows about the time the trees are in flower the crop will be lost, unless the trees are protected. Pears succeed better in this district on the Quince than on the Free stock— the fruit is larger and cleaner. 3.—W. Jenkins, The Willows, Abergavenny. Number of Varieties Exhibited te bi, ry aon es Observations.—Examples shown small, mostly from standards, Bishop’s Thumb, Bergamote Espéren, and Beurré Rance fairly good: 152 GROUP VIII.—WALES. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation, moderately sheltered. Soil, stiff loam, with marly subsoil in some places, in others light loam on gravel. The trees were planted about 10 years ago, and are only now coming into good bearing. 4.—P. Mippteton, Wynnstay Gardens, Ruabon. Number of Varieties Exhibited a se ae) aS Observations.—lixamples small and deficient in colour, chiefly from walls, those of Althorp Crassane very fine, also Forelle, Marie Louise, Easter Beurré, Beurré Hardy, and Verulam. 5.—Per Mr. Mippteron, Wynnstay, from Llangedwyn, Oswestry, North Wales. Number of Varieties Exhibited ae St aT ee 0 Observations.—Of fair average merit, grown on walls 8 feet high. Duchesse d’Angouléme, Doyenné du Comice, Marie Louise, and Hacon’s Incomparable, specially noted. 6.—J. Muir, Gardener to C. R. M. Tatsor, Esq., M.P., Margam Park, Taibach. Number of Varieties Exhibited esi ee oe sap eB Observations.—Examples shown of moderate size, chiefly from pyramids and standards, those of Duchesse d’Angouléme, Bergamote Esperen, Hacon’s Incomparable, also Maréchal de la Cour, noted. Some examples of Gilogil, Bellissime d’Hiver, andthe Black Pear of Worcester, as stewing Pears. were also conspicuous. 7.—W.S. Powett, Eglwysannyd, Taibach, per J. Mui. Number of Varieties Exhibited ae ee ae gee od Observations. —Kixamples small. 8.—Col. T. Picroy Turservitue, Ewenny Priory, Bridgend. Number of Varieties Exhibited a ye Lene Se 6 Observations —EXxamples small, from Pyramids. Soil, light ; subsoil, gravel. Varieties of Pears suited to Wales, SELECTED BY G. Grirrin, Slebeck Park, Pembroke. W. Jenkins, Abergavenny. 153 July and August. Jargonelle Beurre Giffard Citron des Carmes | Doyenné d’Kté Summer Beurré d’ Aremberg | September. Williams’s Bon Chrétien Beurré Superfin Brockworth Park Fondante d’Au- tomne Windsor October. Louise Bonne of | Jersey | Autumn Bergamot 3 Nelis Baronne de Mello | Beurré d’Amanlis Fo Diel Brown Beurré Délices de Jodoigne Duchesse d’ Angou- léme Forelle No. of Times Selected. PP AG Pa a ee Oe rT ae November. Baronne de Mello | Bergamot Beurré Berckmans Bishop’s Thumb Conseiller de la Cour Durondeau Hacon’s Incom- parable Marie Louise Pitmaston Duchess | Swan’s Keg Thompson’s Van Mons. December. Passe Colmar Zéphirin Grégoire | Beurré d’Aremberg DoyennéduComice | Glou Morceau Joséphine de Ma- hnes | Knight’s Monarch | Marie Louise | Napoléon January to March. Bergamote Esperen No. of Times Selected. 154 VARIETIES OF PEARS SUITED TO WALES. No. of Times No. of Times Selected. Selected. Beurré Rance Ds Hessel | 1 Besi de Mai 1 Jargonelle 1 Kaster Beurré 1 Nutmeg 1 Inconnue 1 Strawberry 1 Joséphine de Ma- Summer Beurré lines 1 d’Aremberg 1 Knight’s Monarch 1 Swan’s Ege 1 Nec Plus Meuris 1 Stewing Pears. For Orchard Culture. Uvedale’s St. Ger- Bergamot 1 main 2 Bishop’s Thumb iL Catillac | 1 Brown Beurré 1 Vicar of Winkfield 1 Green Chisel 1 | GhOwP Ix. CHANNEL ISLES. | No. of | No. of Dishes Exhibitors. Exhibited. 1. GUERNSEY a ic. 2 36 Da eomiy ~ :.. Ses Me iL 72 | ee 157 GROUP IX.—CHANNEL ISLES. GUERNSEY. Eahibitors. 1.—Joun L. Manseux, 3, Somerset Terrace, St. Peters. Number of Varieties Exhibited aa 18 se Aen asia Observations—The examples of Wilhams’s Bon Chrétien, Clapp’s Favourite, and Souvenir du Congres, sent in the month of September, were large, fine, and highly-coloured. 2.—The Rev. Canon Tuurstran, Mount Row. Number of Varieties Exhibited ee ay ee PED As Observations. —Kxamples of fair average merit. The following were specially noted, viz.: Doyenné du Comice, Beurré Hardy (very fine), Beurré d’Amanlis, Madame Treyve, Maréchal de la Cour, Pitmaston Duchess, Beurré de Jonghe, Olivier de Serres, Louise Bonne of Jersey. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Grown in a small garden, sheltered by walls 7 to 11 feet high. Soil, hght garden; subsoil, sandy loam, upon granite. The trees are grafted on the Quince; some few varieties are double grafted, and the cordon method of training and pruning is followed. They are planted in borders 6 feet wide and about 180 feet long, trenched to the depth of 24 feet, with 6 inches of broken bricks in the bottom—a double row of trees, about 18 inches apart, trained obliquely on wire trellis down the centre of the border, and a row horizontally, 74 feet apart on either side. In a border of the above dimensions, 268 trees are planted. The surface is forked to the depth of 8 inches three times in the year, but never dug; itis never allowed to become dry. In the spring and autumn, a top dressing of manure is given. ‘The trees under this treatment keep in good health and bear large crops of fine fruit. GROUP IX.—CHANNEL ISLES. JERSEY. Hahibitors. 1.—JosHua LE Cornu & Son, High View Nurseries, St. Heliers. Number of Varieties Exhibited ae oat Ct hee eG 158 GROUP IX.—CHANNEL ISLES—-JERSEY. Observations. —Examples very large and extremely handsome, magnificent specimens of cultural skill aided by good climate. The following were specially noted, viz.: Beurré Clairgeau, 3 fruits, weighing 4 lbs. 8 ozs.; Beurré Diel, 8 fruits, 2 lbs. 9 ozs. ; Maréchal de la Cour, 3 fruits, 2 lbs. 5 ozs.; Glou Morceau, Beurré Bachelier, 3 fruits, 2 lbs. 2 ozs.; Cattillac, 4 lbs. 5 ozs. ; Doyenné du Comice, 3 lbs.; Duchesse d’Angouléme, 3 lbs. 7 ozs. ; Pitmaston Duchess, 3 lbs. 4 ozs.; Belle de Jersey, 4 lbs. 114 ozs. Exhibitors’ Remarks. — Situation, rather exposed. Soil, moderately heavy loam, on clay. From bush trees, mostly on the Quince stock, Varieties of Pears suited to Jersey, SELECTED BY Messrs. JosHua LE Cornu & Son, The Nurseries, St. Heliers, Jersey. July and August. | General Tottleben Graslin André Desportes Soldat Laboureur Jargonelle Van Mons Léon Leclere Williams’s Bon Chrétien December. Bene Anna Audusson Beurré Bachelier Doyenné du Comice Nouveau Poiteau Pitmaston Duchess Beurré d’Amanlis Jersey Gratioli Louise Bonne of Jersey October. January to March. Beurré Clairgeau ,, superfin Brown Beurré Bergamote Kspéren Beurre Aremberg De T » . Rance wean eres Chaumontel Maréchal dela Cour Hastepmbemnnc Marie Louise Joséphine de Malines November. Stewing Pears. Beurre Diel Belle de Jersey Duchesse d’Angouléme Catillac 159 Varieties of Pears suited to Guernsey, SELECTED BY Rev. Canon Taurstan, Mount Row. September. Beurré d’Amanlis Madame T'reyve Souvenir du Congres Williams’s Bon Chrétien October. Beurré Hardy Conseiller de la Cour Louise Bonne of Jersey Marie Louise November. De Tongres Doyennédu Comice Durondeau General Tottleben Glou Morseau Pitmaston Duchess December. Beurré d Anjou | bachelier Chaumontel Duchesse d’Angouléme January to March. Bergamote Espéren Buerré de Jonghe Duc de Morny Olivier de Serres Stewing Pears. Bellissime d’Hiver Catillac Léon Leclere de Laval Spring Beurré Verulam GalnOsUeb.- xX. IRELAND. No. of Exhibitors. “IRELAND Ae ree oe 2 No. of Disheg Exhibited. 27 roe Nae WRALSCcS Ahaha aA " hipand ebaie e 163 GROUP X. IRELAND. Exhibitors. 1.—F. W. Bursiwee, Trinity College Gardens, Dublin. Examples of Bishop’s Thumb Pears: (1.) The normal- shaped fruits, with seeds, &c. (2.) Seedless fruits of the same, borne on the same tree, from a second crop of flowers produced in May. This peculiarity occurs every year, and, strangely, the seedless fruits are sweeter and more palatable than the normal ones. 2.—G. F. Unruanx, Tempeville, Limerick. Number of Varieties Exhibited ae sis brat i a AG Observations.—EKxamples very large and fine. The following were specially noted: Pitmaston Duchess, Louise Bonne of Jersey, Beurré Bosc, Doyenné du Comice, Durondeau, Beurré d’Anjou, General Tottleben. Kehibitor’s Remarks.—Situation, sheltered ; soil, heavy loam, on yellow clay. Pears do best on the Quince stock here, and only on walls, as there is no certainty of a crop from pyramids or standards. Eo 164 List oF VARIETIES SELECTED BY THE EXHIBITORS AS BEST SUITED FOR CULTIVATION, ARRANGED IN ORDER OF SELECTION, THOSE RECEIVING ONLY OnE VOTE BEING OMITTED. GiSOMIPe SOUTHERN COUNTIES (ENGLAND). Number of Returns from Exhibitors bs: me whi: 40 Number of Dishes Exhibited 2 ALD No. of Times No of Times | Selected. Selected. July and August. Louise Bonne of | : Jersey | 3 Jargonelle | 31 Flemish Beauty | 2 Doyenné VEté 17 Hessel | 2 _Beurré Giffard | 14 Jargonelle | 2 Citron des Carmes | 13 Tyson 2 Wilhams’s Bon Chrétien | 8 October. Clapp’s Favourite | 6 Souvenir du Con- | Louise Bonne of grés 5 Jersey 33 St. Swithin | 2 Marie Louise 21 | Beurré Superfin 16 September. | » Hardy | 14 | Pitmaston Duchess 13 Williams’s Bon Gansel’s Bergamot 10 Chrétien 31 Fondante d’Au- Beurré d'Amanlis 20 tomne 8 Souvenir du Con- Beurré Bose 7 eres 10 Comte de Lamy 7 Madame Treyve | 7 Autumn Bergamot | 6 Beurré Superfin | 5 Beurré d’Amanlis 6 Brockworth Park | 5 Seckle 6 Fondante d’Au- | Brown Beurré 5 tomne | 5 Duchesse d’Angou- Clapp’s Favourite | 3 léme 5 Beurré Goubault | 3 Durondeau 5 LIST OF VARIETIES SELECTED—GROUP I.—SOUTHERN COUNTIES. 165 Jersey Gratioli Beurré Capiau- mont Doyenné Boussoch Thompson’s Beurré Diel Brockworth Park Emile d’Heéyst Marie Louise d’'Uccle Kyewood British Queen November. Beurré Diel Marie Louise Doyenné du Comice Duchesse d’Angou- léme Thompson’s Conseiller de la Cour Pitmaston Duchess Beurré Bose » Clairgeau Van Mons Léon Leclere Passe Colmar Beurré Superfin Glou Morceau Winter Nelis Beurré Bachelier Durondeau Marie Louise d’Uecle Napoleon Forelle Baronne de Mello Chaumontel Délices d’ Har- denpont Emile d’ Héyst No. of Times No. of Times Selected. Selected. 5 Gansel’s Bergamot 2 General Tottleben 2 4 Louise Bonne of 4 Jersey 2 4 Nouveau Poiteau 2 3 : December. 9 Glou Morceau 25 ° Beurré Bachelier 19 9 , ad Aremberg 16 Winter Nelis 14 Passe Colmar 12 Beurré Diel 9 18 Chaumontel 9 18 Knight’s Monarch 9 General Tottleben 8 16 Doyenné du Comice 5 H uyshe’s Bergamot 4 16 si Victoria 4 13 Napoléon _ 4 Vicar of Winkfield 4 10 Beurré Clairgeau 3 Rance 3 10 u hes acon’s Incom- 9 9 parable 3 Joséphine de 8 Malhnes 3 6 Zéphirin Grégoire 3 5 Crassane | D f Docteur Trousseau 2 f Forelle WD 4 Marie Louise i d’ Uccle 2 Nec Plus Meuris 2 i Nouvelle Fulvie 2 4 Triomphe de Jodoigne 2 3 g 2; 2 January to March. 2, Easter Beurré 28 2 Beurré Rance 24 166 LIST OF VARIETIES SELECTED—GROUP I.—SOUTHERN COUNTIES. No. of Times No. of Times Selected. Selected. Joséphine de Malines Bergamote Espéren Nec Plus Meuris Winter Nelis Chaumontel Olivier de Serres Glou Morgeau Knight’s Monarch Passe Crassane Zéphirin Grégoire Beurré Sterckmans' Doyenné d’Alengon | Duchesse de Bor- deaux Madame Millet Beurré d’ Aremberg Huyshe’s Victoria Jean de Witte Marie Bendist Napoléon Van de Weyer Bates For Orchard Culture. Williams’s Bon Chrétien Louise Bonne of Jersey Beurré Capiaumont Marie Louise Hessel Beurré d’Amanlis in| Dell » Clairgeau Seckle Autumn Bergamot Catillac Jargonelle Jersey Gratioli Swan’s Eee Chaumontel Kyewood 23 Beurré Bose 22, 2. Superiin 14 pee ou Hardy, Winter Nelis Althorp Crassane Aston ‘Town Bishop’s Thumb Comte de Lamy Doyenné ad’ Kté Durondeau Fertility Joséphine de Malines, Knight’s Monarch Lammas Verulam Bergamot Bergamote Espéren Beurré Bachelier Broompark Crassane d’Hté Doyenné du Comice Duchesse d’Angou- léme mile d’Héyst Fondante d’Au- 22 tomne Green Chisel 19 Marie Louise d’ Uecle Nec Plus Meuris Pitmaston Duchess Souvenir du Con- eres Suffolk Thorn Windsor bo NO NOME NO NO NOS SSS) Ore IDANDWAS bo bk NO NO NO NO NO NOS OS CS ese) MPpC§owWwwwwr EAA bo bo bo b&b bo bd wb Stewing Pears. Catillac 36 Uvedale’s St. Germain 27 4 eS AANANTADMDODOOWRD LIST OF VARIETIES SELECTED—-GROUP I.—SOUTHERN COUNTIES. 167 No. of Times No. of Times Selected. Selected. Bellissime d’Hiver 14 Beurré Rance 3 Verulam | 14 Bishop’s Thumb 3 Vicar of Winkfield | 12 Beurré Clairgeau 2 Black Pear of Churchyard 2 Worcester 4 Grosse Calebasse 2 LIST OF VARIETIES SELECTED. GROWP IT: EASTERN COUNTIES (ENGLAND). Number of Returns from Exhibitors ee nee fai 8 Number of Dishes Exhibited a ea 3 soe ABR No. of Times | No. of Times Selected. | Selected. July and August. - Marie Louise 4 Beurré d@’Amanlis | 2 Doyenné d’Kté 7 Brockworth Park 2 Jargonelle 7 Marie Louise Citron des Carmes | 5 d’Uccle 2 Beurré Giffard | 3 Seckle 2 September. November. Wilhams’s Bon _ | Marie Louise 6 Chrétien 8 Doyenné du Comice 5 Beurré d’Amanlis 4 Beurré Diel 4 Madame Treyve 3 Thompson’s 4 Beurré Superfin 2 Duchesse d’Angou- Hessel 2 léme 3 Gansel’s Bergamot 3 October. Van Mons Léon Leclere 3 Louise Bonne of Beurré Bose 2 Jersey 8 », Capiaumont 2 Beurré Superfin 7 ,, Clairgeau 2 Fondante d’Au- Brown Beurré 2 tomne 7 Napoléon 2 Beurré Hardy A Pitmaston Duchess 2. 168 LIST OF VARIETIES SELECTED—GROUP II.—EASTERN COUNTIES. No. of Times No. of Times Selected. Selected. December. Chaumontel 2 Winter Nelis 2 Glou Morceau t Winter Nelis 6 For Orchard Culture. Beurré d’ Aremberg 5 Knight’s Monarch 4 Beurre Capiaumont 5 Passe Colmar 4 Louise Bonne of Beurré Bachelher 3 Jersey 5 Doyenneé du Comice 3 Hessel 4 Beurré Clairgeau 2 Swan’s Ege 3 ee Del 2 Willams’s Bon General Tottleben 2 Chrétien 3 Hacon’s Incom- Doyenné d’Eté 2 parable 2 Jargonelle 2 Joséphine de Nec Plus Meuris 2 Malines 2 Soldat d’Espéren 2 Stewing Pears. January to March. Catillac 7 Uvedale’s St. -Beurré Rance 8 Germain 6 Bergamote Espéren, i Bellissime d’ Hiver 5] Easter Beurré 7 Black Pear of Nec Plus Meuris 6 Worcester 3 Josephine de Verulam 2 Malhnes 5 Vicar of Winkfield 2 Knight’s Monarch 3 LIST OF VARIETIES SELECTED. GEROwUR Tit. 169 MIDLAND COUNTIES--SOUTH (ENGLAND). Number of Returns from Exhibitors Number of Dishes Exhibited Selected. No. of. Times | July and August. | November. Doyenné d’EKté 6 Marie Louise Jargonelle 5 Beurré Bose Citron des Carmes — 3 mae Drel Beurré Giffard 2 Duchesse d’Angou- | | léme | Source Maréchal de la Cour “ill Ranaete Ibn Vans Mons Léon Re Leclere Chrétien 6 Do ee Beurré d’Amaulis 4 | ra fe Vipera se Madame Treyve 3 rae : | Gansel’s Bergamot Beurré de l’As- | : of | Pitmaston Duchess somption | 2, Tl Beurré Superfin | 2 Pere Souvenir du Con- \ December. eres 2 Glou Morceau October. Winter Nelis Knight’s Monarch Louise Bonne of Beurré d’ Aremberg | Jersey 7 General Tottleben Beurré Bose 3 Beurré Bachelier Doyenné du Comice 3 Doyenné du Comice Jersey Gratioli 3 Durondeau Marie Louise Napoléon d’Uccle 3 Suzette de Bavay Beurré Hardy 2 5 superfin 9 January to March. Brown Beurré 2 Fondante d’Au- Easter Beurré tomne 2 Joséphine de Marie Louise 2 Malines 8 712 | No. of Times Selected. NOMMMbYM ww Lod NO NO DO NOOO C SE os er) 170 LIST OF VARIETIES SELECTED—GROUP III.—MIDLANDS—SOUTH. Beurré Rance | Bergamote Espéren’ Beurré Sterckmans Nec Plus Meuris Zéphirin Grégoire © For Orchard Culture. Louise Bonne of | Jersey Williams’s Bon Chrétien Beurré Diel Beurré Capiaumont Easter Beurré Jargonelle Autumn Bergamot | | No. of Times Selected. bo E> RE OT o> See Se) er) Comte de Lamy Doyenné d’ Kté HKyewood Lammas Marie Louise Seckle Swan’s Keg Windsor Stewing Pears. No. of Times Selected. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Catillae | Uvedale’s St. Ger-| main Verulam | Vicar of Winkfield | Bellissime d’Hiver | | @ bo GO OD LIST OF VARIETIES SELECTED. GROUP IV. MIDLAND COUNTIES—NORTH (ENGLAND). Number of Returns from Exhibitors Number of Dishes Exhibited No. of Times 18 606 | No. of Times Selected. Selected. July and August. Brockworth Park | 2 ifaw Fondante d’Au- Jargonelle 9 46 9 Doyenné d’Eté 8 Sates Citron des Carmes 4 geanee Beurré Giffard 2 oe Sgucmice Louise Bonne of ; Jersey 9 Williams’s Bon Marie Louise 5 Chrétien 10 Beurré Superfin t Beurré d’ Amanlis 8 Comte de Lamy 4 Jargonelle 3 Seckle 4 LIST OF VARIETIES SELECTED—GROUP IV.—MIDLANDS—NORTH. No. of Times | | Selected. Beurré Capiau- Bergamote Ks- mont 3 péren Beurre Hardy 2 Beurré Rance Doyenné Boussoch 2 Knight’s Monarch | Thompson’s 2 Winter Nelis Joséphine de November. Malines Nec Plus Meuris Beurré Diel 8 Glou Morgeau Marie Louise 6 Beurre Sterckmans Doyenné du Comice 4 For Orchard Culture. Duchesse d’Angou- léme 4 Louise Bonne of Beurre Clairgeau 5) Jersey Conseiller de la Williams’s Bon Cour 3 Chrétien Pitmaston Duchess 3 Beurré Capiau- Beurré d’Aremberg 2 mont Passe Colmar 2 Beurré d’Amanlis Thompson’s 2 va Wiel Van Mons Léon Hessel Leclere 2 Beurre d’ Aremberg Bishop’s Thumb December. Doyenné d’Kté Duchesse d’Angou- Winter Nelis 7 léme Passe Colmar 6 Beurré Clairgeau Glou Morceau 5 ie lardy, Beurré Bachelier | 4 Comte de Lamy ,, Clairgeau 3 Grey Beurré ,, d Aremberg 2; Jargonelle Crassane 2 Windsor Doyenné du Comice 2 Stewing Pears. General Tottleben 2 Huyshe’s Prince of Catillac Wales 2 Uvedale’s St. Zéphirin Grégoire 2 Germain Verulam January to March. Bellissime d’Hiver Duchesse d’ Angou- Kaster Beurré 9 léme | No. of Times Selected. 7 7 6 6 bo He Or OT Go & OH HR Or OD ~“ “N DNODPNMMbMb & bo Oo OX bo 172 LIST OF VARIETIES SELECTED. GROUP. V. WESTERN COUNTIES (ENGLAND). Number of Returns from Exhibitors tas ae Eo 18 Number of Dishes Exhibited oe 1,109 | No. of Times No. of Times | Selected. Selected. | July and August. Madame Treyve 3 Pitmaston Duchess 3 Jargonelle 12 Beurré d Amanlis 2 Doyenné d’ Ete 8 5, Capiaumont 2 Beurré Giffard 7 Pee Del 2 Citron des Carmes 3 Duchesse d’Angou- Clapp’s Favourite 2 leme 2 Williams’s Bou Kyewood 2 Chrétien 2 Flemish Beauty 2 ! Gansel’s Bergamot 2 September. Maréchal dela Cour 2 Wilhams’s Bon November. Chrétien 12 Beurré d’Amanlis 11 Pitmaston Duchess 9 ws Superfin 4 Beurré Diel 8 Jargonelle 2 Marie Louise 8 Souvenir du Con- Doyenné du Comice 7 eres 2 Thompson 6 Maréchal dela Cour 5 October. Duchesse d’Angou- léme 4 Louise Bonne of Durondeau 4 Jersey 13 Beurre Bose 3 Marie Louise 8 » Clairgeau 3 Beurré Superfin 7 Passe Colmar 3 Brown Beurré 7 Van Mons Léon Autumn Bergamot 5 Leclere 3 Jersey Gratioli 5 Alexandre Lambré 2 Beurré Bose 3 Althorp Crassane 2 ye lady, 3 Beurré Hardy y Brockworth Park 3 Marie [louise Comte de Lamy 3 d’Uccle 2 LIST OF VARIETIES SELECTED—GROUP V.—WESTERN COUNTIES. 173 | No. of Times No. of Times Selected. Selected. December. Passe Colmar Winter Nels Beurré Bachelier Glou Morgeau Beurre d’Aremberg Huyshe’s Prince of Wales Knight’s Monarch Huyshe’s Victoria Chaumontel Forelle Joséphine de Malines Thompson’s January to March. Bergamote Kspéren Easter Beurré Beurré Rance Joséphine de Malines Nec Plus Meuris Chaumontel Knight’s Monarch Glou Morceau Olivier de Serres Zephirin Grégoire March Bergamot Winter Nelis For Orchard Culture. Williams’s Bon Chrétien Swan’s Kee Aston Town Beurre Capiaumont Louise Bonne of Jersey Bishop’s Thumb Kyewood Hessel Jargonelle Jersey Gratioli Windsor Autumn Bergamot Beurré Amanlis Diel Winter Nelis Chaumontel Comte de Lamy Doyenné d’ Eté 12 Greeen Chisel HR O71 OY Od Sd bo bo 0) Ee bo bo 11 Lammas 10 Thompson’s Worcester Silk 10 5 Stewing Pears. 4 4 Catillae 3 Uvedale’s St. 3 Germain 3 Bellissime d’Hiver 1) | Vicar of Winkfield 2 Black Pear of Worcester fat o> Sasi re DMHMMMMbL HHH HOPE PEP OLS fot w= Oo bo 174 LIST OF VARIETIES SELECTED. GROUP VI. NORTHERN COUNTIES (ENGLAND). Number of Returns from Exhibitors Aire ae ae 3 Number of Dishes Exhibited ee: ian re sea y LAS No. of Times | No. of Times Selected. Selected. July and August. November. Citron des Carmes 3 Marie Louise 2. Doyenné d’Eté 2 Jargonelle 2 Deccmuon: September. 5 : | eae Winter Nelis 3 Wallianicic ison Glou Morceau 9 Chrétien 3 Beurré d’Amanlis 2 January to March. Jargonelle 2 Easter Beurré 2, October. Tienes iSermne 68 Stewing Pears. Jersey 3 Brown Beurré 9. Catiilac 9 Marie Louise 2 Uvedale’s St. Seckle 2 Germain 2, LIST OF VARIETIES SELECTED. GROUP VII. SCOTLAND. Number of Returns from Exhibitors Number of Dishes Exhibited July and August. Doyenné d’Eté Citron des Carmes Beurré Capiaumont Jargonelle Lammas Summer Beurré d’ Aremberg Williams’s Bon Chrétien September. Hessel Jargonelle’s Williams’s Bon Chrétien Beurré Giffard Souvenir du Congres October. Beurré d’Amanlis Se rlordy » Superfin Fondante d’Au- tomne Louise Bonne of Jersey ~ Souvenir du Congrés No. of Times Selected. Et bt bet DD OO ©) 0 k= OD bo & & Autumn Bergamot 5 Joséphine Beurré de |’As- somption Beurré Giffard Brown Beurré Colmar d’Kté Comte de Lamy Croft Castle Doyenné du Comice King Edward Marie Louise Muir Fowl’s Egg Rivers’s Bergamot Seckle Williams’s Bon Chrétien November. Louise Bonne of Jersey Marie Louise Brown Beurré Doyenné du Comice Gansel’s Bergamot Glou Morgeau Baronne de Mello Beurré d’Aremberg ,, Capiaumont Comte de Lamy Conseiller de la Cour ee ps eS 1 See ES NONWNNYNYS & a 175 5 416 No. of Times Selected. 176 LIST OF VARIETIES SELECTED——-GROUP VII.—SCOTLAND. No. of Times Selected. No. of Times Selected. Doyenné Boussoch Flemish Beauty General Tottleben Hacon’s Incom- parable Jersey Gratioli Pitmaston Duchess Red Doyenné Seckle White Doyenné December. Beurré Diel ,, ad Aremberg IBYORC i de Anjou Paeluamnes Calebasse Bois- bunel Colmar Conseiller de la Cour Doyenné du Comice Duchesse d’An- couléme Durondeau Glou Morceau Hacon’s Incom- parable Knight’s Monarch Marie Louise Napoléon Passe Colmar Red Doyenné ‘Thompson’s January to March. Easter Beurré Winter Nelis Beurré Rance Passe Crassane a A et ee et te a a me pnpe pi ee CG) OD He Or Joséphine de Malines Bergamote Ks- péren Beurré d’ Aremberg ieee el » sterckmans Easter Bergamot Hacon’s Incom- parable Inconnue Iris Grégoire Matthew’s Eliza Nouvelle Fulvie Olivier de Serres Soldat Hspéren For Orchard Culture. Hessel Doyenné d’ Eté Louise Bonne of Jersey Beurré Diel Croft Castle Hacon’s Incom- parable Muir Fowl’s Ege Williams’s Bon Chrétien Beurré d’Amanlis ,, Capiaumont Charnock Colmar d’Hté Crawford Karly Beurré Fair Maggie Gansel’s Bergamot Glou Morceau Jargonelle Lammas Fortunée Glou Morgeau b> bo bS bo OD OD }pe a ee foe fake fee eed fk pe fk bo Pe ee ODD LIST OF VARIETIES SELECTED—-GROUP VII.—SCOTLAND. 177 No. of Times Selected. Marie Louise i Seckle 1 Summer Beurré d’ Aremberg 1 Swan’s Egg 1 Stewing Pears. Catillac 4 Bellissime d’ Hiver 2} sil | No. of Times | Selected. Black Pear of Worcester Beurré Diel ao lvamece Gansel’s Bergamot St. Lawrence Uvedale’s St. Germain Verulam ek LIST OF VARIETIES SELECTED. GROUP velit. WALES. Number of Returns from Exhibitors Number of Dishes Exhibited No. of Times 152 No. of Times Selected. Selected. July and August. Fondante d’Au- tomne 1 Jargonelle 2 Windsor 1 Beurré Giffard 1 Citron des Carmes | 1 October. Doyenné d’ Kté 1 Summer Beurré Louise Bonne of d’ Aremberg 1 Jersey 2 Autumn Bergamot 1 September. ee Niels il Baronne de Mello 1 Williams’s Bon Beurré d’Amanlis 1 Chrétien 2 Die 1 Beurré Superfin 1 Brown Beurré — 1 Brockworth Park 1 Délices de Jodoigne 1 178 LIST OF VARIETIES SELECTED—GROUP VIII.—WALES. No. of Times No. of Times Selected. Selected. a) Duchesse d’ Angou- | | January to March. | léme | 1 ) | Forelle 1 Bergamote Espéren) 2 Beurré Rance 2 November. Besi de Mai 1 Easter Beurré 1 Baronne de Mello 1 Inconnue 1 Bergamot | i) Joséphine de Beurré Berckmans 1 Malines 1 Bishop’s Thumb | 1 Knight’s Monarch 1 Conseiller dela | Nec Plus Meuris 1 Cour 1 | Durondeau if For Orchard Culture. Hacon’s Incom- parable | 1 Bergamot 1 Marie Louise 1 Bishop’s Thumb 1 Pitmaston Duchess | 1 Brown Beurré 1 Swan's Kee | 1 Green Chisel 1 Thompson’s | 1 Hessel 1 Van Mons | 1 Jargonelle 1 | Nutmeg ih December. Strawberry 1 | Summer Beurré Passe Colmar | 2 d’Aremberg if Zéphirin Grégoire 2 Swan’s Egg 1 Beurré d’ Aremberg 1 Doyenné du Comice 1 Stewing Pears. Glou Morceau 1 Joséphine de Uvedale’s St. Malines 1 Germain 2 Knight’s Monarch | 1 Catillac | i Marie Louise | 1 Vicar of Winkfield | 1 Napoléon 1 | LIST OF VARIETIES SELECTED. GALORE xe CHANNEL ISLES. Number of Returns from Exhibitors Number of Dishes Exhibited | | André Desportes Jargonelle Williams’s Bon Chrétien September. Beurré d’Amanlis Jersey Gratioli | Louise Bonne of | Jersey Madame Treyve Souvenir du Con- ares Williams’s Bon Chrétien October. Marie Louise Conseiller de la Cour Beurré Clairgeau ~- 6lardy » superfin Brown Beurré De Tongyres Louise Bonne of Jersey November. General Tottleben Beurré Diel Duchesse d’Angou- léme Durondeau Doyenné du Comice Glou Morceau | No. of Times Selected. ae No 179 No. of Times Selected. Graslin Pitmaston Duchess | Soldat Laboureur | Van Mons Léon Leclere December. Beurré Bachelier Anna Audusson Beurre d’ Anjou | Chaumontel | Doyenné du Comice| | Duchesse d’Angou- | léme | | Nouveau Poiteau | Pitmaston Duchess | January to March. | Bergamote Espéren | Beurré d’ Aremberg , deJonghe of kanee | Chaumontel | Duc de Morny | Kaster Beurré | Joséphine de | Malines } Olivier de Serres Stewing Pears. Catillac Belle de Jersey Bellissime d’Hiver | Léon Leclere de | Laval Spring Beurré | Verulam 1 1 1 a ae ee Na) bd Ket bo 180 AUDIT OF THE PEARS SELECTED BY THE EXHIBITORS. PoLL TAKEN FOR THE WHOLE OF GREAT BRITAIN. THOSE OBTAINING ONLY ONE VOTE OMITTED. DiItTTo, SHOWING TOTAL NUMBER OF DISHES OF THE SELECTED VARIETIES EXHIBITED. Number of Exhibitors i Number of Returns from Haatiwieers 167 100 No. No, No. of [Votes. Dishes. | No.of | No. of Votes.| Dishes. Marie Louise Louise Bonne of Jersey Williams’s Bon Chrétien Jargonelle Glou Morceau Easter Beurré Winter Nelis | Beurré d’Amanlis Rance Diel 99 93 lines Beurré Superfin Ber ‘gamote d’ Ks- péren Doyennédu Comice d’ Kté +3 Pitmaston Duchess | Knight’s Monarch Passe Colmar Beurré d Arem- berg Duchesse d’ Angou- léme Beurré Bachelier Thompson's Nec Plus Meuris Citron des Carmes Beurré Bose Giffard Hardy ” 9 | 69 | | | 64 | 63 | 62 Joséphine de Ma- | | | | | | Fondante d Au- tomne Beurre Clairgeau Chaumontel | Maréchal de la Cour Brown Beurré | Gansel’s Bergamot | Souvenir du Con- eTes Van Mons Leclerc | General Tottleben Durondeau Zéphirin Gregoire Brockworth Park | (Bonne d’Ezée) | Madame Treyve Léon | 23 Comte de Lamy | Seckle Marie Louise d’Uccle Napoléon Autumn Bergamot | Jersey Gratioh Beurre Capiau- mont Olivier de Serres Beurré Sterckmans Clapp’s Favourite Huyshe’s Ber- gsamot Passe Crassane 13 AUDIT OF PEARS SELECTED. 181 INo. of; No. of No. of| No. of jess Dishes. ope. Dishes. Forelle 8 | 45 | Tyson 0 Hessel 7 | 10- | Croft Castle 11 Huyshe’s Victoria 7 | 50 | Délices d Harden- Doyenné Boussoch| 6 | 40 pont Pili 14 Hacon’s Incom- Doctor Trousseau | 2); 15 parable | 6| 87 | Flemish Beauty 2| 89 Baronne de Mello 4) 50 | Jean de Witte 2; 14 Crassane 4 | 17 | Marie Bendist Zee Eyewood 4} 19 | Muir Fowl’s Egg Dees Vicar of Winkfield 4 | 78 | Nouveau Poiteau 2| 40 Beurré Goubault 3| 4 | Nouvelle Fulvie 2] 18 Doyennéd’Alengon 38) 23 | St. Swithin 2 0 Duchesse de Bor- | | Soldat d’Espéren | 2/ 15 deaux 8 | 6. | Suzette de Bavay | 2| 11 Emile d’Héyst 3 | 26 | Summer Beurré | Madame Millet |. 13 d’Aremberg 2h A, Alexandre Lambré| 2 | 23 | Triomphe de Jo- Althorp Crassane | 2) 383 doigne 2 | 48 Beurré de 1As- | Van de Weyer | somption [say email, Bates 7a a | British Queen 2) 20 | | Pears for Orchard Culture. No. of| No. of No. of| No. of ere Dishes. Votes.| Dishes. Williams’s Bon | | Jersey Gratioli 11 | 40 Chrétien | 50 | 13 |} Seckle AT 5 Louise Bonne of | | Beurré Clairgeau | 10 | 106 Jersey | 46 | 182 | Windsor 10 i BeurréCapiau- | | Aston Town get) fame le mont | 88 | 86, |Comtede Lamy | 9} 73 Hessel 80} 10 | Chaumontel eee. ane Beurré Diel 93/194 | Catillac | 7 | 108 Swan’s Egg | 21 | 87 | Lammas eve edaeatene) Jargonelle | 20; 4 | Winter Nelis ee Ga|slezil Marie Louise | 19 | 155 | Beurré Hardy | 5 | 74 Beurré d’Amanlis | 18 | 72 > 1 -Bose foie 57 Doyenné @Eté | 15 0 5, superfin 5 | 70 Bishop’s Thumb '13| 87 | Duchesse d’An- | Autumn Bergamot) 12 | 33 souléme rom wiaik Eyewood | 12 | 19 | Green Chisel for | ae 182, AUDIT OF PEARS SELECTED. No.of} No. of No. of| No. of Votes.| Dishes. Votes.| Dishes. Nec Plus Meuris 4 | 73 | Doyenné du Althorp Crassane 3} 33 Comice 2 | 103 Beurré d’Aremberg) 38 80 | Emile d’Héyst 2| 26 Durondeau 3 | 40 | Fondante d’Au- HKaster Beurré ele IEIET/ tomne 2.) 44 Fertility 3 |. 10 | Grey Beurré 2 4 Josephine de | Marie Louise | Malines Veena) lel d’Uccle Qe oo Knight’s Monarch | 3 | 738 | Pitmaston Duchess} 2] 69 Verulam 3 | 383 | Souvenir du | Bergamote d’Hs- | Congres 2| 14 péren 2 | 112 | Suffolk Thorn 2) 14 Beurré Bachelier 2| 74 | Thompson’s Zu, 00 Broompark 2 | 20 | Worcester Silk ee) Crassane Vhté Di neal | Stewing Pears. No. of| No. of Mates Votes.| Dishes Votes.} Dishes. Catillac 72 | 108 | Beurré Clairgeau 2 | 106 Uvedale’s St. Churchyard 2 1 Germain 57 | 68 | Gilles-6-Gilles 2a At Bellissime d’Hiver | 27 | 88 | Belmont il i} Verulam 22; 33 | Besi d’Héry tea 3 Vicar of Winkfield} 21 | 78 {| Besi de Mai 1 5 Black Pear of | Chockley | eal 1 Worcester petal 8 | Duchesse d’Hiver 1 6 Beurré Rance 3 | 108 | Morel . del 4 Bishop’s ‘Thumb 3 | 87 | Prince Camille de Duchesse @’Angou-| » Rohan 1S eae léme 3 | 121 | Ramilhes Ripe 0 Grosse Calebasse 3) 9 9) Spanish?Bon Léon Leclere de | Chrétien 1 1 Laval 3 | 15 | Warden a il 3 Beurré Capiau- | | | mont ee | 86 | | These returns are instructive as showing the appreciation in Which particular varieties are held throughout the country. AUDIT OF PEARS SELECTED. 183 Marie Louise stands at the head of the list as the most popular Pear, having been selected 98 times out of a possible 100. Louise Bonne of Jersey is second favourite, having received 87 votes, closely followed by Williams’s Bon Chrétien for the third place, 86 votes. Of those exhibited at the Conference, Beurré Diel heads the list, 194 dishes of this variety having been staged, Marie Louise coming second, 155 dishes, and Louise Bonne of Jersey third, 132 dishes. Amongst Pears suited for Orchard Culture, the popular variety is Williams’s Bon Chrétien, this having been selected 50 times; and, secondly, Louise Bonne of Jersey, 46 times; Beurre de Capiaumont third, 88 times; and of Stewing Pears, Catillac, Uvedale’s St. Germain, and Bellissime d’Hiver secured the highest number of votes respectively. It may be noted that of the old-fashioned Pears, if we except the Jargonelle and Hessel, scarcely any of the others have merited a place, even for orchard cultivation; such varieties may therefore be considered as worthless and should be discarded. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE PEARS EXHIBITED AT THE NATIONAL PEAR CONFERENCE, HELD IN THE Roval Horticultural Society s Gardens, CHISWICK, OC TO Bein, Lacs, 187 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE “1 10. a. OF PHARS EXHIBITED AT THE’ CONGRESS. . Abbeville, d’ (Jamin). Large, obovate; skin rough, bronzy russet; a late stewing Pear. . Adéle Lancelot (Rivers). Medium, pyriform; greenish- yellow ; worthless ; October. . Adolphe Folquét (R. H.§.). Medium ; smooth, orange- yellow ; second-rate ; October. . Aglae Grégoire (Rh. H.5.). Large, obovate ; yellow, with russet ; flesh white, melting, juicy, sweet; second-rate ; October. . Alexandre Bivort (Jefferies). Medium, obovate; long stalk ; skin smooth, greenish-yellow, flushed ; flesh white ; worthless; Christmas. . Alexandre Lambré (R.H.58.). Regular pyriform; with long stalk; orange-yellow, light russet; flesh melting, juicy, very pleasant; October. Generally of good quality ; great cropper. . Alexandrine Douillard (R.H.8.). Small, pyriform ; yellow, russetty flushed; flesh sweet, rather dry ; October. . Alexandrine Mas (André Leroy). Small, pyriform, irregular ; green, with numerous dark russet spots; flesh sweet, melting, and pleasant; March to May. Allman’s Sussex Monster (Ford), see Uvedale’s St. Germain. . Althorp Crassane. Medium, ovate; green; flesh white, buttery, pleasant acid flavour; October. Second quality ; great cropper. Amélie Leclerc (R.H.8.). Ovate; skin smooth, pale yellow ; flesh white, sweet, pleasant ; October. America (Jamin). Medium, roundish; greenish-yellow, slight russet ; decays before melting ; worthless ; November. 2. Amiral Cécile (R.H.8.). Small, bergamot shape, large eye; bronze-green; flesh soft, melting, sweet and rich ; generally good ; Christmas and January. : 188 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE Of PEARS EXHIBITED. Ananas (Veitch & Sons), see Poire d’ Ananas. 13. Andrew’s Pear (W. Paul & Son). Medium, pyriform ; skin smooth, greenish-yellow; flesh juicy, white, rich flavour ; October. 14. Andouille (André Leroy). Long tapering, small; yellow- orange; worthless ; October. 15. Angélique de Bordeaux (R. H. 8.). Bergamot shape ; orange-yellow russet; flesh dry; October. 16. Angélique Leclere (André Leroy). Medium, pyriform ; ereenish-yellow russet, flushed; flesh white, firm, juicy, pleasant ; November. 17. Angora (André Leroy). Medium, roundish; long stalk; yellow russet; a stewing Pear. 18. Angleterre d’Hiver (Cornu). Medium, pyriform ; long stalk; greenish-yellow, with dark russet; January to March. A very pretty Pear. 19. Anna Audusson (Jamin). Small; greenish-yellow; flesh soft ; second-rate ; October. 20. Anna Nelis (Turner). Small, obovate; long stalk; skin smooth, green; resembles Joséphine de Malines ; late. 21. Antoine Delfosse (Rivers). Medium; greenish-yellow ; flesh watery, sweet ; second-rate ; October. 22. Aston Town (J. Dickson). Small, roundish obovate ; long stalk; greenish-yellow, covered with russetty dots; flesh white, buttery ; second-rate; October. A free bearer as a standard. 23. Auguste Mignard (Paul & Son). Long pyriform ; greenish russet ; November. 24. Auguste Royer (Pragnell). Small, pyriform ; yellow, with dark russet; flesh sweet, juicy, rather gritty at core; November. 25. Augustine Lelieur (W. Paul & Son). Long pyriform ; ereen, splashed with brown; flesh juicy; second-rate ; November. 26. Autumn Bergamot (Day). Small, round; greenish- yellow, flushed ; flesh pasty ; inferior ; October. 27, Autumn Beurré (Lacaille). 28. Autumn Colmar (Hartland). Small; yellow; worthless ; October. 29. Autumn Crassane (Pragnell). Obovate; greenish russet ; flesh very juicy, watery, somewhat acid; October. 33. B4. 39. 40. . Belle Epine Dumas (Wildsmith). Medium, pyriform, eye 43. 44, DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF PEARS EXHIBITED. 189 . Autumn Nelis (Graham). Small, roundish; yellowish russet ; flesh sweet, rich, musky flavour ; first-rate ; October. . Avocat Allard (R.H.58.). Small, bergamot shape; yellow russet ; flesh firm, sweet flavour ; Christmas. . Balosse (André Leroy). Small, roundish; skin rough, greenish-yellow ; stewing. Baronne de Mello. Pyriform; grey russet; flesh very juicy, white, sweet ; October. Basiner (Ross), see Charles Basiner. Bastard Jargonelle (Davis, Worcester). Resembles Jargonelle in appearances ; useless; October. Belle Alliance (Jamin), see Doyenné Sterckmans. Belle aprés Noél (R.H.5.), see Belle de Noél. Belle Angevine (André Leroy), see Uvedale’s St. Germain. . Belle des Abres (Rivers). Large, obovate, irregular ; long stalk; deep green; late stewing. Belle et Bonne d’Eté (Pragnell), see Belle de Bruxelles. . Belle et Bonne de la Piérre (Pragnell). . Belle de Brissac (André Leroy). Large, obovate; green, with rough brown russet ; flesh sweet, does not melt. . Belle de Bruxelles (Cornu). large, oblate; long stalk ; ereenish-yellow ; flesh half-melting ; fine showy appear- ance ; worthless ; October. Belle du Craonnais (André Leroy). Large, pyriform, irregular ; yellow, with grey spots; flesh white, very juicy ; a late stewing Pear ; Belle d’Eeully (Sheppard). wanting ; skin smooth, yellow, flushed; flesh firm, sweet ; second-rate ; Christmas. Belle d’Ezée (Wildsmith), see Bonne d’Hzée. . Belle dIxelles (André Leroy). Medium, round; greenish- yellow, with rough russet. Belle Fondante (R. H. S.). Pyriform; greenish-yellow, netted with russet ; flesh firm, sweet, juicy, rich ; October. Belle de Jersey (Cornu), see Catillac. Belle Julie (R.H.8.). Small, long pyriform; rough, grey russet ; flesh white, melting, sweet, juicy, very pleasant; a great cropper ; November. . Belle Moulinoise (André Leroy). Medium, pyriform ; green, covered with rough brown russet ; flesh half-melting, juicy, and pleasant ; January to March. 199 46, 47, 48. 49. 50. 51. 56. 68. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF PEARS EXHIBITED. Belle de Noel (G. Bunyard). Medium, short pyriform ; greenish-yellow, flushed; flesh white, melting, juicy, sweet; December. Bellissime d’Eté (Ormiston). Medium, pyriform ; thick stalk; greenish-yellow, flushed red; flesh firm, sweet; an early stewing Pear. Bellissime d’Hiver. Large, roundish turbinate; skin smooth, shining, deep green, flushed deep rosy-red ; eye large; flesh white, firm ; a fine stewing Pear. Belmont (W. Paul & Son). Small; greenish russet; inferior ; October. Bénédictine (W. Paul & Son). Long pyriform ; greenish russet ; flesh firm, sweet, pleasant ; October. Bergamot (Th. Bunyard), see Autumn Bergamot. Bergamote d’Alencon (W. Paul & Son). Large, roundish ; greenish-yellow, with brown spots; flesh white, juicy, with little or no flavour ; January to March. Bergamote d’AutOmne (André Leroy), see Autumn Bergamot. . Bergamote Cadette (R. H. $.). Medium, roundish, obovate ; greenish-yellow, reddish russet; flesh white, very juicy, melting, rich ; October and November. . Bergamote Crassane (Pragnell). Large, oblate ; greenish- yellow ; flesh brisk, sweet, pleasant ; October. . Bergamote Dussart (André Leroy). Small, round; ereenish-yellow; flesh melting, juicy; second-rate ; December. . Bergamote d’Esperen. Medium, roundish, irregular; ereenish-yellow, spotted with russet ; flesh buttery, melting, sweet, rich ; January to March. Bergamote Fortunée (Jamin), see Fortunée de Printemps. Bergamot, Gansel’s Late (Saltmarsh), see Gansel’s Late Bergamot. Bergamote Gundrey (Newton). Round; greenish russet ; flesh pasty, little flavour; October. . Bergamote Hertrick (R.H.5S.). Small, bergamot shape ; uniform greenish russet; flesh juicy, melting, richly flavoured ; Christmas and January. Bergamote de Jodoigne (R. H. 8.). Small, bergamot shape; yellow russet; flesh sweet, juicy, rather gritty but pleasant ; January to March. 59. 60. 61. 62. 64. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF PEARS EXHIBITED. 191 Bergamote de Millepieds (R. H.S.). Round ; pale yellow ; flesh melting, buttery, sweet ; eye large, deep ; October. Bergamote Nonpareii(R.H.8.). Small, round bergamot shape; bronzy russet ; flesh firm, sweet ; October. Bergamote de Paques (André Leroy), see Haster Bergamot. Bergamote de Parthenay (André Leroy). Medium, berga- mot shape ; dark yellow russet ; flesh yellowish, gritty, dry ; worthless ; January to March. Bergamote de la Pentecote (Cornu), see Easter Beurré. Bergamote Reinette (C. Ross). Medium, roundish; skin smooth, pale yellow; flesh dry, soon becoming “ sleepy ” ; inferior ; October. . Bergamote Rouge (Cummins). Small, oblate or flattened ; ereenish-yellow, dull brown on exposed side; flesh gritty, white, pleasant flavour; second-rate ; September. Besi de Caen (André Leroy), see Léon Leclerc de Laval. Besi de Chaumontelle (Jamin), see Chaumontel. Besi d’Esperen (André Leroy). Medium, long pyriform ; ereenish-yellow, occasionally flushed ; flesh white, melting, buttery, sub-acid; second-rate ; November, . Besi de lEchasserie (André Leroy). Large; pale yellow; worthless ; October. . Besi d’Héri (Turner). Small, round, with long stalk ; skin smooth, yellow-flushed ; November. A stewing Pear. . Besi de Louvain (R. H.5.). Large, uneven; yellow, slightly spotted with russet ; flesh hard, does not melt, soon decays ; October. Besi de Mai (Chesterfield). Medium, short pyriform, with large eye, surface uneven ; greenish-yellow; late stewing Pear. Besi de la Motte (Pragnell). Small, round bergamot shape; green, almost covered with dark-brown russet ; October. Besi de Quessoy d’Bté (R. H.58.), see Nutmeg. Besi de Quessoy d’Hiver (André Leroy). Small, roundish ; long stalk ; russetty ; flesh dry, sweet ; worthless ; December. Besi de St. Waast (André Leroy). Small, obovate; greenish-yellow ; flesh firm, somewhat dry, sweet, half- melting ; December. | Besi Tardif(R. H.S.). Medium, bergamot shape ; greenish- yellow with bronzy spots; flesh white, juicy, astringent ; third-rate ; December. 192 Wc 82. 83. 84. 86. 87. 88. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF PEARS EXHIBITED. Besi des Vétérans (André Leroy). Large, turbinate ; yellow, much dotted with brown russet ; flesh half-melting, worth- less; October. . Beurré Adam (R.H.5.). Small, short pyriform ; orange- yellow, with russet ; flesh firm, sweet, good quality ; October. Beurré Albert (Paul & Son). Long pyriform; yellowish- russet ; flesh firm, sweet, dry; worthless ; November. . Beurré Alexandre Lucas (R. H.S.). Medium, regular pyriform ; flesh melting, juicy, pleasant, but not very rich; December. WZ fh Dea ue 5 we ae y = f oD 4 SLUGWORM OR SAWFLY. in the first three or four inches of soil, that depth should be taken off and burnt. Both grubs and flies are extremely slug- gish, and the latter may be shaken down on a white cloth and destroyed. : BrrDs. The feathered enemies are more easy to deal with than any of the above; but, with the exception of the bullfinch and the sparrow, I would not advise the shooting of them. Even the latter has much to recommend him to mercy. If the birds are killed wholesale we destroy the balance of nature, and get afflicted with a plague of insects far more difficult or impossible to exterminate. The gun should be employed during the ripening of the fruit to scare, not to kill, The warning cry has been heard from many an orchard in Kent during the past summer. Of the larger animals, rabbits and hares are the most destructive during severe weather. They soon destroy an orchard by barking the young trees. To prevent injury, protect the stems of the trees with branches of blackthorn or furze; but the most sure and effective plan is to use a guard of wire netting. Tar, grease, and oils should not be employed, as they are injurious by stopping up the air passages in the bark. VEGETABLE ENEMIES. These are of two kinds, namely, parasites and epiphytes. The former are the most to be dreaded, since they attack and destroy the living tissues of the host plants by feeding on their REPORT OF THE APPLE AND PEAR CONFERENCE. 59 substance. Parasites may again be divided into those of a fun- goid nature and those that are green. Mildew affecting the apple is a white mould belonging to the sroup Hrysiphe, and in this, the early stage, it is referred to the genus Oidiwm. It is one of the most easily destroyed of parasitic fungi, from the fact that it lives on the surface and does not penetrate its host. Sulphur alone, or various preparations MILDEW ON APPLES. containing sulphur, will completely destroy the fungus. Should a, large number of trees in a garden or orchard become affected, the application of sulphur would be a tedious and costly opera- tion ; but if a few isolated trees only are attacked, the remedy is more easily applicable. Cracking is caused by Cladosporium dendriticum, a too widely prevalent fungus, that grows on the leaves, young shoots, and flowers of the apple, often preventing the formation of fruit. In severe cases the latter becomes partially or completely covered with blotches, crippling and preventing it from attaining full size, and in all cases the fungus reduces the market value of the produce by disfiguring or causing it to crack. The disease com- menees as black spots, branching from the centre like a small tree, while on fruit the patches soon become irregularly rounded, with a depressed black spot in the centre, surrounded by a white line, and that again by a black border. ‘The pear is attacked in the same way by a variety of Cladosporiwm dendriticum, generally known amongst fungologists under the name of Cladosporiwm pyrorum. No remedy is known, and means to prevent it spread- ing must be adopted by destroying badly affected trees and fruit. 60 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Here again good cultivation greatly tends to palliate the evil by encouraging a healthy vigorous growth of the trees. Marie Louise Ox SS ZZ EG 2 eS ue Ht | ©) Pn ales | UIA Sie Wn i mie | O i KO alOMO Ay ) cae i HI ! SS a“ CLADOSPORIUM ON APPLES. and Louise Bonne of Jersey pears are very subject to it, and should not be planted in places infested with the disease. Rust on the pear is caused by Restelia cancellata, as well as some other parasitic fungi. The Reestelia produces rugged swellings on the leaves, the blotches finally becoming red, and showing themselves on both surfaces of the leaves attacked. It is believed to be an early stage of Gymnosporangwum Sabine, which completes its life cycle on Juniperus Sabina. As in the rust of wheat, there is an alternation of generations on different host plants, and described as heterecism. It is not common in England, is not, I believe, recorded from Scotland, but is very destructive on the Continent. Hand-picking the leaves as the spots make their appearance, and before the spores are shed, is the only remedy, and no juniper bushes should be allowed to erow near them. On a large scale it is more profitable to uproot badly-affected specimens and plant afresh. Mistletoe in this country is the only chlorophyll-bearing parasite that need be noticed. It is very injurious to orchards in Herefordshire from its great prevalence, and prevents the branches infested by it from thickening properly below the union of the parasite with them, ultimately causing the trees to become stunted and unproductive. Cut down the mistletoe about Christmas, when a market will be found for it to defray the expenses of the operation. Epiphytes, such as lichens and mosses, can be removed by scraping or scrubbing the bark of the trees, or they may be destroyed by sulphuric acid much diluted in water. The evil is but half remedied, however, and the lichens will soon grow again REPORT OF THE APPLE AND PEAR CONFERENCE. 61 unless measures are taken to remove the cause by draining or otherwise ameliorating the land, as the case may require, and so induce a healthy, vigorous growth, thereby enabling the trees to thrive, increase in thickness, and throw off the old bark. DISCUSSION. Mr. Rovuprett noticed that Mr. Fraser had omitted to men- tion the Lackey moth, which was the parent of those nests of brownish maggoty creatures called social caterpillars, which had lately been one of the greatest possible plagues in his neighbour- hood. He had spent three days picking these pests off his trees, but his neighbours, who had not done the same, had no leaves left at all on their trees, and consequently no fruit. These creatures could only be removed by hand picking. As to spar- rows, they were very abundant near him, but they never did the least harm, because poultry yards were so numerous, and he never knew a sparrow touch fruit as long as there was corn to be got or an old bone to be picked. He should like to caution gardeners against planting potatoes too near to apples, as he had a very strong fancy that the potato communicated fungoid diseases to fruit. Mr. Cuark said that with the Lackey moth grub he had found it an excellent plan to put a little powder into a gun and fire it at the colonies of social caterpillars. The shock seems to alarm them, and they at once throw themselves on to the ground, when they can be easily crushed with the foot. With regard to the gooseberry caterpillar, he had seen whole gardens absolutely cleared of every leaf they possessed, and he was con- fident that the best remedy was to get up early, while the dew was yet on the leaves, and dash a mixture of soot and lime both over and under the leaves. This he had always found most effective. Mr. Prarson thought the shooting at the caterpillars would be a very long business. He found that both with the socialists and the gooseberry grubs one good syringing with soft soap and quassia got rid of them all. He did not think that the cracking of apples and pears was caused by fungoid growth, but by cold, and hence a reason why the later varieties always suffered the most. He imagined the cracks caused by cold formed convenient resting places for fungus germs, where they could grow and develop at leisure. Mr. R. Dean said he must prefer a very strong bill of indictment against sparrows. He had fed them and given them water, but they seemed to him thoroughly heathenish birds, quite unaccustomed to do.unto others as they were done by, for they never lost any opportunity of attacking his fruit; nor were they even content with the fruit, for this year he had an Easter Beurré 62, JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. tree full of bloom, and the sparrows tore every blossom to bits with their beaks. A gentleman asked whether the use of petroleum for removal of American blight and such things was likely to injure the trees ? Mr. Fraser replied that petroleum in very small quantity did no harm to the trees, but care should be taken that the brush was only just moistened with it. He considered helebore powder dusted over the leaves when damp was the best cure for caterpillar. VARIETIES OF APPLES FOR SUSSEX, AND THEIR CULTIVATION ON HEAVY SOILS. By Mr.-JoserH Cueat, F.R.H.S., Crawley. As the subject of supplying our own markets with fruit grown at home is rightly claiming much attention, it is important to know where to plant, how to plant, and what to plant; and in this paper I will try to give in compact form a few facts relating to apple culture upon heavy soils that have been gleaned from a number of years of close observation, in the hope that it may be a guide and a warning to those who may be entering upon this industry without much practical knowledge of the subject. In Sussex and the southern parts of Surrey the soil consists almost entirely of the wealden clay, and this being of a some- what close, retentive nature, it is necessary to exercise care in the selection of the varieties best suited to the district to ensure the best results. In the following selection I am supposing that the object is the growth of apples for profit, therefore I mention only those that are found to make vigorous, healthy growth, produce good and regular crops, and of such a quantity and size as to com- mand a ready sale in the market. In the first place I will name twelve varieties that can be recommended for growing as orchard standards, placing them in the order of ripening :— Duchess of Oldenburg.—A very handsome fruit, striped with crimson, and carrying a delicate bloom. It is an early and abundant bearer, a moderate grower, with a somewhat spreading habit. Worcester Pearmain.—A medium-sized, conical, and very handsome apple, covered with bright crimson. Useful for kitchen or dessert, a good cropper, and its showy appearance commands for it aready sale. Tree, an upright grower. REPORT OF THE APPLE AND PEAR CONFERENCE. 63 Ficklinville Seedling.—A large and fine apple, flat, and slightly angular, a greenish yellow, changing to pale yellow, and dotted with brown specks; its only fault being that it is very soft and requires careful packing for market. Tree, a vigorous grower, with a somewhat erect habit. Pott’s Seedling.—A large angular shaped fruit, slightly flat- tened, skin pale yellow. A very free cropper. Tree, a good grower, with a slightly spreading habit. Warner's King.—A very large and fine apple, round, and somewhat flattened, skin pale green; tree, a vigorous grower, with very large foliage, and, considering the size of the fruit, a free bearer. The tree has a spreading habit. - Golden Noble.—A large and, as its name implies, a truly noble apple, round and even in shape, with a beautiful clear yellow skin. Tree, a vigorous grower, with a spreading habit. King of Pippins.—A well-known dessert fruit of medium size and good quality. Tree, a vigorous grower, with an upright habit, a free and certain cropper, and when well grown one of the best for market purposes. Cox’s Orange Pippin.—The ling of dessert apples, medium in size, rich in colour, luscious and juicy in texture, delicious in flavour; there is no apple in the wide world that can equal it in quality. Tree, a moderate grower, with a spreading habit. Blenheim Orange.—The king of apples when grown as a standard, the large fruits being suitable for kitchen, and the small ones for dessert. The greatest drawback to this variety is the length of time that elapses before it comes into bearing, eight or ten years being the usual period: a long time for this age of speed. But itis one that we cannot do without, and can afford to wait for, there being plenty of others which step in to supply the gap during the period of probation. ‘Tree, a vigorous erower, with a spreading habit. Winter Quoining or Ducksbill of Sussex.—A medium-sized conical fruit, covered with deep crimson. It is grown largely in Sussex, especially by cottagers and small growers, and called by them the Winter and the Scarlet Pearmain. The tree has a spreading habit and crops well; a valuable late apple. Wellington.—A large and well-known fruit, one of our most valuable kitchen apples for late use, and coming in as they do when fruit is scarce, good samples command high prices. ‘Tree of a spreading habit and fruit in season from November to April, and even later when well kept. Norfolk Beefing.—Medium size, round and flattened, colour a very dull deep red. ‘Tree, a vigorous grower, with an upright habit. Valuable on account of its extreme lateness, being in use until June. Beyond the foregoing twelve varieties, I may mention a few more as a supplementary list of sorts that also do well as stand- 64 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. ards: Annie Elizabeth, Dutch Mignonne, Schoolmaster, York- shire Beauty, Nanny, and Claygate Pearmain. Golden Knob also does well, and is considerably grown, and it realises a high price ; but the fruit is too small to recommend. I must not pass the standard trees without mentioning a variety that is grown more largely than any other in the northern parts of Sussex and south Surrey. I allude to the Forge. The tree thrives remarkably well on the clays of the district, making short but sturdy and healthy growth. It crops enormously, but almost invariably on alternate years only when left unpruned. The fruit is then very small and almost worthless. Trees, how- ever, that are pruned and well thinned crop more regularly and bear larger fruit, the quality being excellent. But they must be grown considerably above the usual size to be of any value for market. Now I will give a selection of twenty-four varieties suitable to grow in the pyramid or bush form between orchard standards. Time will not permit me to do more than mention the names, which are given in the order of their ripening: Professor, Keswick Codlin, Lord Grosvenor, Golden Spire, Lady Sudeley, Manks’ Codlin, Ecklinville, Yorkshire Beauty, Worcester Pear- main, Pott’s Seedling, Stirling Castle, Frogmore Prolific, The Queen, Northern Dumpling, Loddington, Lord Derby, New Hawthornden, King of Pippins, Peasgood’s Nonesuch, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Ribston Pippin (on Paradise), Lane’s Prince Albert, Horner’s Pearmain, and Duke of Devonshire. I may add that Lord Suffield is not good on heavy soils. From this list may be selected varieties for early, mid-season, or late use. Cooking or dessert fruit according to requirements. PREPARATION OF Soin FOR PLANTING. As my paper deals with heavy soils, I will presume that it is intended to plant such land with apples. The question is asked by those not much acquainted with the subject, What prepara- tion is needed to plant ? This much depends upon the state of the ground, as to the cultivation and manure it has received, the state of the drainage, and the nature of the preceding crop. The point of the first importance is the drainage. The best is undoubtedly pipes, the depth and distance apart of these being regulated according to the soil. Straw or bush drains are also sometimes used, and last for many years in a clay soil, but pipes will be found the most economical in the end. As to the preceding crops, one of the best preparations for fruit planting is to grow a root crop on land that has been deeply cultivated and well manured. The ground is then left in a mellow and friable condition, with the remains of the manure REPORT OF THE APPLE AND PEAR CONFERENCE. 65 left in the soil, and left in such a condition that it is in the best possible state for the roots to assimilate. Land that has been so dealt with the season previously will require but very little other preparation for planting. Should, however, the land to be dealt with be a clover lay or following a cereal crop, I would advise that it be well broken up and pulverised. And itis most important that this breaking up should be done to an even, uniform depth. If it has to be done by hand, let it be double dug, the bottom spit being merely turned over or loosened with a fork, and on no account bring the subsoil to the top. If the work is to be done by horses, it may be done by turning a deep furrow by an ordinary plough, followed along each furrow by a subsoil plough. But the best and most economical way where a considerable quantity is to be dealt with is to use the steam cultivator. This implement passed twice over the land in opposite directions, to a depth of fifteen to eighteen inches, leaves the soil in a light open condition, allowing free filtration of water, a quick passage through the soil, followed by the air with all its fertilising and beneficial effects. ‘Three years ago we prepared in this way a five-acre field of our own for planting with apples as a permanent orchard. The subsoil was a somewhat heavy clay, but the trees are thriving well, and we have this autumn been trying a new steam digger, which promises to be a useful tool for breaking up heavy land. PLANTING. The ground having been prepared for the reception of the trees, proceed to plant by digging very shallow holes, and placing the tree almost on the surface, bank up the soil round the roots. This allows a space of loose aérated soil below the tree, in which the roots can grow and spread laterally, thus encouraging the development of fibrous roots near the surface, discouraging and delaying the tree from sending down tap-roots into the cold and ungenial subsoil, with the usual, and as regards many varieties the certain, result of unhealthy growth, canker, and other diseases. The foregoing remarks apply equally to the ordinary standard or to pyramid trees upon the free stock. Some varieties, however, that will under any treatment persist in penetrating the subsoil to their own detriment and destruction, may be successfully erown upon the Paradise stock, when they will not only fruit early, but continue to flourish in health and fruitfulness for many years. Where it is required to plant standard trees on grass land without breaking up the turf, there ig no alternative but to dig E 66 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, holes. In this case be careful to see that a drain is laid from the bottom of each hole to ensure an escape for water and to prevent it from standing in the hole. MANURE. Land that has been prepared by a heavy dressing of manure for a previous crop will not require any more when planted; but if it requires manure, apply in small quantities to the hole, thoroughly mix with the soil, and after just covering the roots with soil apply another small quantity of manure, and then cover with the remaining soil. As to the quantity required: but very little is needed at planting, and it is better to err on the side of too little than too much. AFTER TREATMENT. Little can be done towards ground cultivation of ordinary standard trees on grass beyond periodically top-dressing with stable manure, bones, rags, &c., or fattening sheep on the eround. This on most soils, however, is found necessary and yery beneficial. I would, however, strongly urge the benefit derived from occupying the whole ground with trees and keeping the surface open by top cultivation. If treated thus on heavy land the trees will make more growth, produce much finer fruit, and keep clear from lichen, &c. Whilst the trees are small, the cultivation may be done by horse, either with the horse hoe or shallow ploughing. After the first two or three years, however, the growth of the trees will prevent this. It must then be done by hand. Manure should be applied at least every alternate season, and should be spread over the surface, and be forked in during the winter or early spring cultivation. THINGS TO BE AVOIDED. It is very desirable to avoid digging holes in unbroken ground for the reception of young apple trees. Such holes are very hable to hold stagnant water, and to become mere graves for the trees. If possible the holes should not go below the depth of actual cultivation. : Above all things avoid planting too deeply. Avoid the use of the spade in digging too deeply near the trees, as great damage is sometimes done by cutting the fibrous roots. It is therefore safer to use the fork. CONCLUSION. To those who may be contemplating fruit-growing upon heavy soils who may not have much practical acquaintance with REPORT OF THE APPLE AND PEAR CONFERENCE. 67 the subject, I would remind them of the words ‘“‘ In the multitude of councillors is safety ;’’ but, on the other hand, the more homely saying equally applies, that ‘‘ Too many cooks spoil the broth.” In other words, hear all sides, get all the advice that you can, weigh the evidence, arrange your plans, and then proceed according to your own judgment and common sense. Do not imagine that success is gained by careful prepara- tion and planting alone, but ever bear in mind that fruit trees require continual watching as to their varied needs, according to seasons and soils, and the ravages of insect pests. But where- ever vigilance, common sense, and persevering labour are be- stowed upon apple culture, even upon some of the poorer and _ heavy land it will be found a safe and most profitable industry. DISCUSSION. Mr. Heap said he was convinced that apple-growing was profitable, and he instanced two cases in Sussex where the farmers had made 138 per cent. after all expenses had been paid. Even with the large number of comparatively worthless sorts that were grown a profit was realised, and if people would only plant such good sorts as had been mentioned the profit would be ten times as much. Mr. Ivart asked whether it was better to plant varieties to sell straight off the tree or sorts that would store ? Mr. Cannon replied that there was a great loss in growing such sorts, as all came in at one time. In the early part of the autumn you may see every little shop-window full of Hnelish- grown apples, but after the early part of November all the fruit to be seen was foreign; he, therefore, advised to grow several varieties, and particularly such as prolonged the season. Beefing i J. Veitch & Sons. Hormead’s Pearmain J. Cheal & Sons. A , G. Bunyard & Co. Kerry Pippin... ...d. Jefferies & Son. King Harry .J. Veitch & Sons. Shag ig. ese el T. Rivers & Son. King of the Pippins W. Crump. Lady Henniker .... T. Rivers & Son. i be ... A. McDonald. ei 4} ... C. G. Sclater. Lady ee .. J. Cheal & Sons. .G. Bunyard & Co. Landsbers ger Reinette Royal Horticul. Soc. Lane’s Prince Albert H. Lane & Son. WW erumap. Loddington Seedling J. Veitch & Sons. = M. Dunn. Lord Derby ..C. Lee & Son. 132 NAME. Lord Derby Lord Grosvenor EXHIBITOR. .. W. Crump. ..d. Veitch & Sons. ..d. Watkins. Mordtcunold Mabbott’s Pearmain Mannington’s | Pearmain { Melon Apple ... .-G. Bunyard & Co. ..- Dicksons & Co. ... W. King. ... W. H. Frettingham. ..- Paul & Son. ... M. Dunn. W. Paul & Son. .. T. Rivers & Son. .-G. Bunyard & Co. Mére de Ménage ...J. Rust. Mother ... A. Waterman. pol eeeowell $9 eee Mrs. Barron i Royal Horticul. Soe. ...J. Veitch & Sons. New Hawthomden, New Northern ate Greening f New Northern ) Greening { Northern Dumpling Northern Greening | (improved) ... f Okera or Akera 19 7 7 .. J. Peed & Sons. ..G. Bunyard & Co. 9 99 -- J. R. Pearson & Sons. .J. Cheal & Sons. W. H. Frettingham. .. /. Bunyard. .. G. Bunyard & Co. .J. Cheal & Sons. Peasgood’ s Nonesuch W. Roupell. Reinette de @anada Ribston Pippin ... ... L. Rivers & Son. ... R. Milner. poe Wie Kamer a ...C. B. Saunders. Rosemary Russet ... _C. Turner. Scarlet Nonpareil ., R. Veitch & Sons. A. Waterman. J. Roberts. H. G. Oclee. ...d. Veitch & Sons. sd. Roberts: ...d. Jefferies & Son. .. Dicksons & Co. .. C. Lee & Son. T. Rivers & Son. G. Bunyard & Co. M. Dunn. } ” ” Yellow Ingestrie JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. NAME. EXHIBITOR. Scarlet Pearmain ... J. Veitch & Sons. Schoolmaster... ... I. Rivers & Son. we «3. Veitch & Sons. Seaton House.. ee ” Small’s Admirable... di Laing & Sons. Stirling Castle ...W. King. ... Dicksons & Co. ...0. Veitch & Sons. ... C. Lee & Son. ...G. Bunyard & Co. ... A. Waterman. Stone’s ... Paul & Son. Striped Beefing .. H. G. Oclee. The Queen ..J. Cheal & Sons. ...G. Bunyard & Co. ... W. Roupell. .. Saltmarsh & Sons. The Sandringham.. .J. Veitch & Sons. oe eae : G. Bunyard & Co. Tibbett’s Pearmain Lucombe,Pince & Co. C. G. Sclater. .. A. McDonald. .. J. Veitch & Sons. ...d. Watkins. i * ...G. Bunyard & Co. Warner’s King .. G. W. Cummins. - ... Paul & Son. .-. L. Rivers & Son. ... A Waterman. ...J. Cheal & Sons. | ...G. Bunyard & Co. ...d. Watkins. joo, GaOclee: ... M. Dunn. aehh 5 .-. W. Crump. Wellington ... J. Cheal & Sons. % «. sd. Laing & Sons. - Bote el B65 Lats WSuamnddal 64 (CO, _C. Lee & Son. WinterHawthornden J. Veitch & Sons. Worcester Pearmain J. Cheal & Sons. - 43 G. Bunyard & Co. - » 2 As Waterman. H. Merryweather. M. Dunn. .. Royal Horticul. Soe. 9 99 Tower of Glamis Tyler’s Kernel 99 9 ~ ~ ~ ~~ e eS) - 39 APPLES EXHIBITED, 1888. 133 AUDIT OF THE APPLES EXHIBITED AT THE CONFERENCE, 1888. No. of Name. Dishes. Warner’s King, 76; syn. Cobbett’s Fall Pippin, 2... 78 Blenheim Orange, 62; s sgn: Blenheim Sopeh, 8; Beauty Olmlanis,4. ~..: . 74 King of the Pippins, 69; S ‘syn. Golden Winter Pearmain, 2... 71 New. Hawthornden, 83; syns. Winter Hawthornden, 12; Hawthornden, 19 ; Red Hawthornden, 8.. 67 Dumelow’s Seedling, B45; 8 es Wellington, & 30; Normanton Wonder, 1 ee oe ye 0) Cox’s Orange Pippin _... it — 8 i yea64 Ribston Pippin ... iy bss ay ve Bh .. 54 Coxci Pomona, ... oe wah a sas Me jog 8) Stirling Castle... aes iis ihe ey ee wn, OD Cellini... 52 Keklinville Seedling, 31; S ‘Syms. ‘Ecklinville Pippin, 5: “Ecklin- © ville, 16 & 5 A Kmperor Alexander, 29; S syn. Alexander, Ge ae ... 46 Worcester Pearmain ... ae Be ell Lane’s Prince Albert, 24; syn. “Prince ‘Albert, One sop | Alfriston .. “e es et as wel 12 Peasgood’s Nonesuch... one Ast i na sha A Beauty of Kent ... ape He Nas ae a Sop U) Lord Derby Sais oe ae a hae ¥) v.30 Golden Noble _... ae a ve re ae sou 2g Pott’s Seedling ... a, aa: ae ae aa ono. OY Tower of Glamis... Ho fo rs) oa ies ste 29 Gloria Mundi, 26; syn. Belle Dubois, 2 ey oe see, 2AS) Keswick Codlin ... a ae Soe tet an 28 Mere de Ménage... oe ae ge ie Boe AU. Duchess of Oldenburg, 23 ; syn. Borovitsky, 1 os Lee Annie Elizabeth : we Se te mt LAS Small’s Admirable he an we ae eh 2S Fearn’s Pippin ... is es ae te ce bod, ee Gravenstein me iS aa ae Re ae tho av Lord Grosvenor, 19; syn. Jolly Beggar, 3... ae bo ev Manks’ Codlin ... e. oe ie ot nae soe. A Stone’s Apple, 13; syn. Loddington Seedling, 9... “pon PA Golden Spire... Ses aie pa on vat poe Oil 134 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Name. Lady Henniker ... Grenadier Sturmer Pippin ... Reinette de Canada ste ; The Queen, 12; syn. Queen, 6 Dutch Mignonne, 17; syn. Reinette de ‘Caux, 1 Northern Greening ; Hollandbury American Mother, 9; syn. Mother, cn Frogmore Prolific a Kerry Pippin Cockle’s Pippin ... Schoolmaster Adams’ Pearmain ; Bedfordshire Foundling Bramley’s Seedling Devonshire Quarrenden, 9; syns. Red’ Quarrenden, Quarrenden, 1 Duke of Devonshire ABs an Hes Queen Caroline, 11; syn. Spencer’s Favourite, 2 Rosemary Russet Baumann’s Red Winter. Reinette, 11; syn. Reinette Bau- mann, 1 wh Claygate Pearmain, detiats syn. Ribston Pearmain, load Court of Wick ie me Court Pendu Plat Royal Russet Tom Putt... Yorkshire ne Domino ; Hanwell Souring Yorkshire Beauty Scarlet Nonpareil Winter Queening oe. es es a ate Yellow Ingestrie, 8; syn. Summer Golden Pippin, 2 Catshead .. set ae ie: = be Cornish Aromatic a Mannington’s Pearmain... Mareil) 2:. N eal Beefing .. Striped Beefing .. Betty Geeson Braddick’s Nonpareil a oe Hambledon Deux Ans, 7; sy. Deux Ans, 1 Hawthornden, Old oar Pas ae Kentish Fillbasket Lemon Pippin a (0 Oe OMe Oe ONG ONO Dene ekea kako) -Hormead Pearmain APPLES EXHIBITED, 1888. 135 No. of Name. Dishes Melon Apple __..... ae ae aes = sia see Bess Pool.. ae es Brabant Bellefleur, os yn. Bellefleur Brabant, 2 Herefordshire Pearmain Sai Maltster ... The Sandringham. Waltham Abbey Seedling Downton Pippin... Flower of Kent ... Hoary Morning ... Nonesuch.. ‘ Prince Bismarck | Ringer... Round Winter Nonesuch | oi Tibbet’s Pearmain, 3; syn. Tibbet’s Incomparable, 3 Wadhurst Pippin dis ae seat fit Washington Brownlee’s Russet Forge ... Golden Pippin Golden Reinette... New Northern Greening Old Nonpareil Winter Peach Atkins’ Seedling... Caraway Russet . Duchess’s Favourite, 8 38 8 “syn. Duchess of York, 1 Keremont Russet = oe ee Herefordshire Beefing Mrs. Barron, 3; syn. Large American, 1 Pearson’s Plate ... a a Rymer Scarlet Pearmain — Tyler’s Kernel KOLA. <> 6. Barchard’s Seedling Boston Russet... Cornish Gilliflower Dutch Codlin Forfar Pippin Gascoigne’s Seedling Gipsy King Grand Duke Constantine Hall Door : Harvey's Wiltshire Defiance Keddleston Pippin. WWM WWWHOWWOWWOERE AAR ERA RAR EAA NATABDRORRROROOONNNYNYYUG 136 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Name. King Harry oh London Pippin ... Lord Burghley Nanny. =... Northern Dumpling Northern Spy Norfolk Bearer Pineapple Russet Stackpool... Summer Orange... Winter Pearmain so se ie Wyken Pippin, 2; syn. Warwickshire Pippin, 1 Alma, Pippin >... a ae xa is Beauty of Waltham Beauty of Wilts ... Burchardt’s Reinette Cambusnethan Pippin ... Carlisle Codlin as Cobham ... Colonel Harbord.. Crimson Queen ... Devonshire Queen Doctor Harvey ... Evagil a) Galloway Pippin... Gospatrick Grange’s Pearmain Green Pippin Hick’s Fancy Jefferson ... lady Sudeley... Lamb Abbey Pearmain .. Lord Paulett’s Pearmain | Magnum Bonum... Nelson’s Codlin .. Nelson’s Glory Newtown Pippin... . Old English Codlin Orange Pippin Pigeonette Pitmaston Russet Nonpareil Red Bough i She Reinette Van Mons Royal Somerset ... Russet Pippin... i se et Seaton House, 1; syn. Niton House, 1 Strawberry Pippin ae No. of Dishes. oe DD DN NPD NYDN HPP NYP HPHHYHYNHHYNYNHYNNWNYDDDDND DDD D&W WWW HW WH HWW APPLES EXHIBITED, 1888. 137 No. of Name. Dishes. Syke House Russet Thorle Pippin Twenty Ounce Warnevr’s Seedling Wheeler’s Russet Winter Strawberry sie Withington Fillbasket ... Woodley’s Favourite... sais ani ae ski Wormsley Pippin ae ns 7 Fa she wt Abbé Soger - Annat Scarlet Annie’s Kernel .., Alphington of Archduke Antoine Ashmead’s Kernel Astrachan Autumn Pearmain Barnack Beauty ... Baxter’s Favourite Beauty of Moray Belle Bonne Belle Gloire Belle Josephine ... Belle Pontoise Benoni .. Bishop’s Hero Blanders _ Brickley Seedling _ Bristol Apple Brown’s Codlin ... Buckingham Cardinal . Carlton Seedling Carse o’Gowrie ... Caldwell . Calville Boisbunel Calville Malingre ae Calville Rouge Précoce ... Calville St. Sauveur Castle Major . Cheshunt Pippin Clarke’s Seedling a Cluster Golden Pippin ... Colonel ame Cornish Costard .. Cortes Apple Crown Apple ; | | : pa en ee ee OO el ll ll el peel el ee ee 2 188 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Name. Curltail Dartmouth Crab .. Doctor Hogg Doux Argent Dredge’s Emperor Dredge’s Fame . Duke of Beaufort Duke of Gloucester Karly Nonpareil ... Kgg Apple Eldon Pippin Eve spp Fall Pippin Fletcher’s Seedling French Crab Friar’s Pippin Fullwood Golden Ball , Golden Harvey ... Golden Knob .. Golden Monday ... Golden Pearmain Golden Russet te Goodenough Nonesuch ... Gooseberry Pippin Glory of the West Graham Russet ... Grand Sultan Greaves’ Pippin ... Hall Door Henri Decaisne ... Hubbard’s Pearmain . Hughes’ Golden Papp - Hunthouse & Hyslop Crab Inchmahone Incomparable Trish Peach Irish Pitcher Jacques Lebel Jetofsky ential Br oading Kentish Orange Goff King of Tomkins County Kingston Pippin... Kirke’s Fame ‘ Lady Alice Eyre... No. of Dishes. beh RR eR eee ee ee ee ee ee eee eee ee APPLES EXHIBITED, 1888. 139 No. of Name. . Dishes. Lady Apple 1 Lady Kinloch 1 Landsberger Reinette Leicester Burton Pippin Lewis’s Incomparable Liver’s Imperial... Ne Long-stemmed Pippin ... Lonegville’s Kernel Lord Lennox Marigold ... May Queen Melrose Minchall Crab Missouri Pippin ... Moss’s Incomparable Nelson... Newland’s- Sack . Ochiltree .. ue Old Orange Pippin Oslin —_ Ottershaw Ottery... =f Peck’s Pleasant .. Pinder Apple Pitmaston Russet Pomme Royale ... Pounds = Prince’s Pippin ... Quatford Aromatic Red Astrachan Red Autumn Calville Red Julien Red Peach Reinette Grise Reinette Grise d’ Automne aS Reinette Rambour de Melcher ... Remborough : ; Ross Nonpareil .. ‘ Rostocker. Rougemont Royal Codlin Royal Jubilee Rushock Pearmain Russet Pearmain Russian Transparent St. Lawrence ... Scarlet Admirable fot fk fk pk pd fed fe fk ek ek pe be et ek et ek ee ee ee ee ee ee et ee 140 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. No. of Name. Dishes. Scotch Bridget ... = va Sharleston Pippin Sharper’s Apple ... Silver Saturday ... Sir John’s Favourite ; Smart’s Prince Arthur ... Smith’s Pippin ... Spring Ribston ... Stamford Pippin... Stent’s Incomparable Stoup Leadington Strange’s Seedling Sugar Loaf Pippin Summer Nonpareil Sweedish Reinette Sweet Reinette ... Tewkesbury Baron The Professor Transparent Trumpington Uncle Barney : Waltham Cross ... Wareham Russet Wealthy ... ie ak Welford Park Nonesuch White Calville White Paradise ... Wippel’s Seedling Worcester Fillbasket feeb beh ek pk ek ek Re fe Re et et et ee et et ID OF m co ND et GROUP i SOUTHERN . BERKSHIRE . HAMPSHIRE KENT . MIDDLESEX SURREY . SUSSEX . WILTSHIRE COUNTIES. SOUTHERN COUNTIES : BERKSHIRE. 148 BERKSHIRE. Hxhibitors. 1.—Mr. W. S. Campsety, Cowarth Park, Sunningdale, Ascot. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Grown on Standards and Espaliers, grafted chiefly on the Paradise. Situation sheltered. Soil, a light sandy loam; subsoil, sand and gravel. 2.—Mr. TI. Jonzs, Royal Gardens, Frogmore. Hzhibitor’s Remarks.—The specimens not quite so large as usual, owing to the greater number of the trees having been lifted last winter. The majority of the trees were planted by the late Mr. Ingram, so they are now getting old. 3.—Mr. 8. Mortimer, Purley Park, Reading. Hahibitor’s Remarks——Some of the trees are very old Standards, which bear abundantly, but we get our choicest fruit from bushes that have been planted about eight years. Some of them are grafted on the Paradise, some on the Crab. Situation, in a valley entirely surrounded with tall trees. Soil, a light shallow loam, on a gravelly subsoil. A good many of the better kinds canker badly, for example, Lord Suffield. Cellini bears well, but the fruit is always very small; but no Apples grow very fine on this thin soil. -4,—Mr. C. Ross, Gardener to Charles Eyre, Esq., Welford Park, Newbury. Observations.—A remarkably fine, well grown lot, specimens of good size, very clear skinned. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Three-fourths of the trees are grown in Bush form, the average age being about 12 years. The other part consists of Standards of about 21 years standing. Keswick Codlins, Northern Greening, and a few others are 60 years old. The Bush trees are on Paradise, the Standards on Crab. Situation is exposed to the north-east, with no shelter except a very few trees. Soil, old garden over 200 years in cultivation ; subsoil sravelly. The sorts named are those which are most to be de- pended on for a crop, within a radius of 7 miles from here. Some of them do not always bear in this garden, for many sorts 144 “JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. canker as soon as their roots get into the subsoil. To keep the trees healthy they require to be planted shallow, and top- dressed every two years, with a mixture of fresh loam and old manure. SELECTION OF ‘TWENTY-FOUR VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Mr. Gladstone, Worcester Pearmain, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Blenheim Orange, King of the Pippins, Margil, Baumann’s Reinette, Mannington’s Pearmain, Cockle’s Pippin, Cornish Aromatic, Sturmer Pippin, Keswick Codlin, Gospatrick, Ecklinyille Seedling, Loddington, Stirling Castle, Lane’s Prince Albert, Lord Derby, Mére de Ménage, Brabant Bellefleur, Betty Geeson, Dumelow’s Seedling, Annie Elizabeth, Northern Greening. SELECTION OF TWELVE VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Worcester Pearmain, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Blenheim Orange, Mannington’s Pearmain, Cornish Aromatic, Sturmer Pippin, Keswick Codlin, Ecklinville Seedling, Stirling Castle, Lane’s Prince Albert, Annie Elizabeth, Northern Greening. 5.—Mr. J. H. Rosz, Lockinge Gardens, Wantage. SELECTION OF T'WENTY-FOUR VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Lord Suffield, Devonshire Quarrenden, Irish Peach, Berkshire Glory, Fearn’s Pippin, Warner’s King, Beauty of Hants, Beauty of Kent, Golden Noble, Bess Pool, Alfriston, Cox’s Pomona, Grenadier, Cellini, King of the Pippins, Blenheim Orange, Scarlet Russet, Hanwell Souring, Catshead, Yorkshire Beauty, Lemon Pippin, Wellington, French Crab, Jacks’. SELECTION oF TWELVE VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Lord Suffield, Fearn’s Pippin, Beauty of Kent, Alfriston, Cellini, King of the Pippins, Blenheim Orange, Hanwell Souring, Lemon Pippin, Wellington, French Crab, Jacks’. SOUTHERN COUNTIES : BERKSHIRE. 145 SELECTION OF TEN VARIETIES SUITED FOR MARKET CULTURE. Keswick Codlin, Lord Suffield, Berkshire Glory, Fearn’s Pippin, King Pippin, Blenheim Orange, Hanwell Souring, Lemon Pippin, Wellington, French Crab. These sorts are largely grown here. Some orchards very exposed, others partly sheltered. Soil, rather light, resting on chalk. GENERAL REMARKS. Mostly all trees in this district are on the Crab stock, and grown as Standards on grass, which is mown, and fed off by sheep and cattle. Orchards are fairly attended to, as to keeping the centres of the trees open, all dead and useless wood being cut out, old sorts being discarded, and grafting and planting the sorts most in demand for the markets, by the more energetic fruit growers. Varieties of Apples suitable for Cultivation in Berkshire. SELECTED (1883) By Mr. S. Morrimer, Purley Park, anp Min. C. Ross, Welford Park. Dassen? APPLES. No. of No.of we pte Votes ELS Votes Cockle’s Pippin . \ | Duke of Devonshire . Cox’s Orange Pippin >| Fearn’s Pippin . King of the ee 1; 2 Lord Burghley . Margil . : Manninegton’sPearmain Ribston Pippin | Pine Apple Russet. 1 Astrachan, Red . | Pine Golden Pippin Blenheim Orange Pitmaston Russet . Claygate Pearmain . 1 Sturmer Pippin Cornish Aromatic Worcester Pearmain . Devonshire Quarr enden K 146 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. CunINARY APPLES. No.of No. of Neumte Votes Megane ( Oses Alfriston . . way ° Keswick Codlin . Brabant Bellefleur . Lane’s Prince Albert . Annie Elizabeth . . Loddington Seedling . Bedfordshire Hone Lord Derby . ‘ Bess ROL tine Meére de Ménage Betty Geeson. . . . Northern Greening . il Blenheim Orange . . 1 || Stirling Castle . : Coxs Pomona... |. Waltham Abbey Dredge’s Fame . . . Seedling spehiaee Keklinville Seedling . Wellington (Dume- Kmperor Alexander . low’s Seedling) . Hambledon Deux Ans. HAMPSHIRE. Hahibitors. 1.—Mr. Henry Martin, M.D., The Lodge, Hast Cosham. Observations.—Fair examples; those of Gloria Mundi very large. 2.—Mr. J. Morris, The Lodge, Sherwood, Winchfield. Observations.—Very fine examples of Hollandbury. 3.—Dr. Way, Cambrian House, Landport. Observations.—Fairly good fruit. Rosemary Russet very fine. Halibitor’s Remarks.—Grown on Standard trees about 20 years old. Situation, in a walled garden, sheltered, close to the sea. Soil, gravelly. KENT. Hixhwbitors. 1.—Mr. G. Beaton, Yotes Court, Mereworth, Maidstone. Observations.—Fruit of fair average quality. Lixhibitor’s Remarks.—The greater part of our trees are Stan- dards, a few Bush form, and mostly old. Situation, where grown on a high level, well exposed, Soil, good, light, and clayey to SOUTHERN COUNTIES KENT, 147 a great depth. Cox’s Orange Pippin, in this district, is very liable to canker, scarcely a tree being clear, yet it bears enormously, and is planted extensively. Margil is not very generally grown, yet, where it is, it always bears a good character. Cornish Gilliflower is even a greater favourite as a late dessert Apple. For kitchen use, Winter Quoining is much grown here, and bears very well. Wellington (Dumelow’s Seedling) is being largely planted in this district, but a great many object to it as a cropper. Gooseberry Apple, named Golding now, is an indis- pensable variety, keeping long into summer. It will indeed keep for nearly two years, but it is not grown to any extent. Round Winter Nonesuch is one of the best, as it never fails to crop, whether it be a good season or bad. Forge Apple is very good, though not a general favourite. The Apples named are general favourites, and recommended to be planted for market use. 2.—Messrs. GEorGE Bunyarp & Co., Nurserymen, Maidstone. Observations.—A very complete and representative collection of the Apples cultivated in Kent. Fruit of fair size. SELECTION OF TWENTY-FOUR VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR GARDEN CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Mr. Gladstone, Devonshire Quarrenden, Lord Suffield, King of the Pippins, Grenadier, Loddington, Ribston Pippin, Peasgood’s Nonesuch, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Mother, Blenheim Orange, Orange, Ross Nonpareil, The Queen, Warner’s King, Lord Derby, Braddick’s Nonpareil, Gascoigne’s Seedling, Golden Noble, Beauty of Kent, Lane’s Prince Albert, Wellington, Annie EKliza- beth, Sturmer Pippin. SELECTION OF TWELVE VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR GARDEN CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Devonshire Quarrenden, Lord Suffield, Grenadier, Margil, Mother, Peasgood’s Nonesuch, Cox’s Orange, Warner’s King, Beauty of Kent, Blenheim Orange, Gascoigne’s Seedling, Wellington. SELECTION OF TEN VARIETIES SUITED FOR MARKET CULTURE. Harly Julien (largely), Lord Suffield (largely), Yellow Inges- trie (locally), Worcester Pearmain (a favourite), Loddington (grafted on old trees), Counsellor (largely in Mid Kent), King of the Pippins (many acres), Blenheim Orange (largely in old orchards), Wellington (extensively), Winter Quoining (in heavy lands). K 2 148° JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Grown on Standard trees, 25 to 80. years old, in sheltered orchards or nursery, and on Pyramids, from 3 to 7 years old, in open nursery quarters. The Standards are grafted on the Crab, and the Pyramids on Broad-leaved and Nonesuch Paradise. Soil, a sandy loam, resting on the Kent ragstone (Upper Green- sand). 3.—Mr. W. CuisHomm, The Gardens, Oxon Heath, Hatbrdla. Observations.—Examples large, and of uniformly fine quality. Hahibitor’s Remarks.—Grown on EKspaliers and Bush trees, 4 years of age, 3 years grafted when planted, and all on the Paradise. Situation where they are grown is within a walled garden. Soil, a heavy loam, on a clay subsoil. In planting young Apple trees I do not find it advisable to use manure; but its application two or three years afterwards is, in a decomposed state, most beneficial. 4,—Mr. W. Divers, The Gardens, Wierton House, Maidstone. Lixhibitor’s Remarks.—Some grown on Standards about 50. years old; others on Bush trees planted about 12 years, grafted principally on the Crab. Situation, sheltered from all cold winds. by forest trees. Aspect, due south. Soil, a thick, ight, and sharp loam, on the ragstone rock. The trees are much covered with lichens, both on pasture and cultivated land; trees of many kinds are badly cankered. We are subject to very heavy fogs and late spring frosts, also to the American blight. 5.—Mr. Sipney H. Goopwin, Smartswell, Mereworth. Hahibitor’s Remarks.—Hoary Morning makes a good orchard standard, grows quickly and never cankers. This Apple will hang very late, when it gets a deep colour.. Royal George is a very free-growing variety, with the wood wonderfully clear and free from canker. It will hang until November, and is a good: cooking apple. Soil, loam, on ragstone. 6.—Mr. G. Goupsmitu, The Gardens, Hollanden, Tonbridge. Hahibitor’s’ Remarks.—- Situation exposed. Soil, a very heavy and wet loam; subsoil, a stiff clay. Reinette de Canada. is a variety not grown so much as it deserves to be, being useful either for dessert or for kitchen use. 0 Sie C. Haycock, Gardener, Barham Court, Maidstone. Observations.—A very fine collection, the examples being all very large, and remarkably fine in appearance, giving evidence of very careful cultivation. Stated to have been grown on Cordons and other trained trees on the French Paradise and Doucin stocks. SOUTHERN COUNTIES : KENT. 149 8.—Mr. W. Herrineaton, The Gardens, Betteshanger Rectory, Sandwich. Observations.—Examples, large, clear skinned. Hzhibitor’s Remarks.—Fruit from young Bush and Pyramid trees, grafted on the French Paradise (?) stock, which seems specially suited to this soil. Situation high, and exposed to all winds. Soil, a thin, poor loam, on hard chalk. 9.—Mr. L. A. Kinticx, Langley, Maidstone. Fizhlabitor’s Remarks.—Chiefly grafted on the Apple stock-— a few on Paradise. Situation, exposed. Soil, partly loam, marl, and red pebbly pinnock. Many varieties of Apples worthy of cultivation canker in this district, so that we are limited in choice. The Paradise stock does not produce a tree large enough for market purposes. Standard trees, when about 10 to 12 years old, are considered sufficiently established to allow us to lay down the soil with grass to be fed off by sheep. 10.—Mr. Cuarues LancuEy, Crabble House, Dover. Observations.—A very fine lot of fruit. Hizhubitor’s Remarks.—Grown on Pyramids planted about 25 years, some in 1881; stocks, unknown. Situation, sheltered by chalky hills. Soil, a chalky mixture, a vein of which runs up the Dover valley. The Apple trees used to suffer in hot summers, there being plenty of fruit, but small, so I dug large holes down to the chalk, and replanted the trees in good turty loam. The trees now grow well and ripen their wood properly. The great secret is to mulch well with good manure; the better manure I use, the better the fruit. In very dry weather I water the trees with house sewage. My sole study since 1846 has been to cultivate the Apple and Pear here, and I have been very successful. 11.—Mr. T. MoorHovsez, Gardener to J. W. Temple, Esq., Leyswood, Groombridge, Tunbridge Wells. Hzlibitor’s Remarks.—Fruit from Bush trees 18 years old, grafted on the Crab. Situation in a kitchen garden, sheltered. Soil, heavy; subsoil, a yellow clay. The samples are of an average size. All the sorts make strong growth, while most of them fruit very freely, excepting = ecnlnre Orange, which is shy, and has small fruit. 12.—Mr. J. Netausour, Bickley Park, Bromley. Hxhibitor’s Remarks. — Fruit gathered from trees not pruned, but thinned out occasionally. Age, from 6 to 50 years; 150 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. mostly grafted on the Crab. Situation, exposed to south-west winds. Soil, rather sandy, with a mixture of clay. Some of the apples here are grafted on the Apple stock, having sown the seeds myself and grafted them. If I have any sorts that are not true to their names, or which the locality does not suit, I graft them with better kinds, provided the stocks are healthy. When planting, I always like to have the ground trenched, and some manure, or even old garden refuse, to be mixed with the soil, ag the subsoil here is very poor. I think our fruit would be much larger if the trees were more sheltered. 13. Ropert Smitu, Gardener to The Lady Frances Fletcher, Kenward, Yalding, Maidstone. SELECTION OF TWENTY-FOUR VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUC- CESSION. Red Juneating, Irish Peach, Red Quarrenden, Kerry Pippin, Worcester Pearmain, Lady Sudeley, Margil, King of the Pippins, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Claygate Pearmain, Scarlet Nonpareil, Gascoigne’s Scarlet, Golden Knob, Keswick Codlin, Duchess of Oldenburg, Lord Suffield, Stone’s or Loddington, Peasgood’s Nonesuch, Blenheim Orange, Golden Noble, Beauty of Kent, Wellington, Winter Quoining, Northern Greening. SELECTION OF TWELVE VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Red Quarrenden, Worcester Pearmain, Lady Sudeley, Duchess of Oldenburg, Stone’s or Loddington Seedling, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Peasgood’s Nonesuch, Wellington, Lane’s Prince Albert, Gascoigne’s Scarlet, Queening, Northern Greening. SELECTION OF TEN VARIETIES SUITED FOR MARKET CULTURE. Quarrenden, Worcester Pearmain, Duchess of Oldenburg, Stone’s, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Kerry Pippin, Peasgood’s Nonesuch, Wellington, Northern Greening, New Hawthornden, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Worcester Pearmain. Hahibitor’s Remarks.—Situation, many orchards are fully exposed, few sheltered. Most gardensare sheltered. ‘Soil, loam, part light, many heavy. Subsoil, rock, stone, andclay. Stocks: The younger trees no doubt are on the Paradise, but the older trees are on the Crab. The orchard trees are pruned to form open SOUTHERN COUNTIES : KENT. 151 heads. Many growers prefer the middle of the head taken out when young so as to form basin-shape, as it is called here, which seems to answer well. Driving through this district a few days ago, | was much struck with a lot of good trees of Wellington in full bearing about 10 to 20 years old. The branches had been shored up, so heavy was the crop of fine, clean fruit. Some of the growers said they should store a thousand bushels of Welling- ton. The largest fruit of the Wellington Apple I saw was on turf, fed by sheep fatted with oil-cake. Cox’s Orange Pippin Apple is not so clean in many plantations as in former years. The best and cleanest fruits are from trees on heavy soil. Worcester Pearmain Apple on young trees is good and clean, but lacking colour. ‘The birds are very troublesome with this variety, pecking holes in the fruit. Older orchard trees have suffered very much from maggots this season. To get good Apples from orchard trees manure requires to be used freely as top dressing, otherwise many trees become exhausted. 14.—Mr. A. WatERMAN, Preston Hall Gardens, Aylesford. Observations.—Examples pale in colour and small. Hzlubitor’s Remarks.—Grown on Standard trees about 34 years old, pruned every year, the branches being spurred in. Soil, a light loam, about 3 feet deep, resting on Kentish rag and eravel. SELECTION OF 'WENTY-FOUR VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE DistRIcT, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Mr. Gladstone, Red Astrachan, Red Quarrenden, Lord Suffield, Gravenstein, Ecklinville, Stirling Castle, King of the Pippins, Stone’s, New Hawthornden, Small’s Admirable, Mother, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Blenheim Orange, Tower of Glamis, Warner’s King, Lady Henniker, Lane’s Prince Albert, Scarlet Nonpareil, Annie Elizabeth, Wellington, Yorkshire Greening, Sturmer Pippin, Court Pendu Plat. SELECTION OF TWELVE VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Mr. Gladstone, Red Astrachan, Lord Suffield, Keklinville Seedling, Stirling Castle, King of the Pippins, Stone’s, New Hawthornden, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Blenheim Orange, Tower of Glamis. | 152 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. SELECTION OF TEN VARIETIES SUITED FOR MARKET CULTURE. Red Astrachan, Lord Suffield, Ecklinville, Stirling Castle, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Blenheim Orange, Stone’s, Tower of Glamis, Small’s Admirable, Wellington. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situation, sheltered north, east, and south by trees. Soil, loam, resting on the Kentish ragstone. General Remarks.—Orchard trees are regularly pruned as well as all trained trees. The fruit is much finer and clearer on the Paradise stock, but the trees do not grow so large, but come into fruit much sooner. I prefer the Bush or Pyramid form. 15.—Mr. Grorce Waite, Fairlawn, Maidstone. Observations.—Fruit good. Exlubitor’s Remarks.—Grown on very old Standard trees, grafted on the Crab. Situation where grown, sheltered by a hedge. Soil, stone shatter, overlying Kentishrag. The Orchards are cultivated, having a crop of currants and cobnuts beneath the Apples, though some are grown on turf. Those Orchards are the best where the grass is fed off by sheep. Varieties of Apples suitable for Cultivation in Kent. SELECTED (1883) BY Mr. G. Beaton, Yokes Court, Mereworth. ,, G. BritcHerR, Oak Lodge, Tonbridge. Messrs. G. Bunyarp & Co., Maidstone. Mr. W. CuisHoutm, Oxon Heath, Tonbridge. » W. Divers, Wierton House, Maidstone. Messrs. T. Frost & Sons, Maidstone. _Mr. G. GoupsmitH, Hollanden, Tonbridge. W. Herrineton, Betteshanger Rectory, Sandwich. L. A. Kinuicr, Langley, Maidstone. C. Laneury, Crabble House, Dover. T. MoorHouse, Groombridge. J. NEIGHBOUR, Bickley Park, Kent. ,, A. WaterMAN, Preston Hall, Aylesford. » G. Waite, Fawlawn, Tonbridge. SOUTHERN COUNTIES : KENT. DEssERT APPLES. Name Cox’s Orange Pippin . 12 King of the Pippins . 11 Ribston Pippin. . . 9 Scarlet Nonpareil . . 7 Court Pendu Plat Mr. Gladstone | Claygate Pearmain . Devonshire Quarrenden Kerry Pippin . Margil se Sturmer Pippin . Worcester Pearmain Cockle’s Pippin . Fearn’s Pippin si | Yellow Ingestrie . . Blenheim Orange . . Golden Knob. . . . Trish Peach Mannington’s Pearmain Wyken Pippin. . Duchess of Oldenburg . Lemon Pippin Old Nonpareil Reinette de Canada Russet Nonpareil Summer Golden Pippin | Syke House Russet. . ’ Fenouillet Rouge Gipsy King | Gravenstein . l Golden Pippin Golden Noble ae Herefordshire Pearmain Name Hick’s Fancy Hoary Morning Hubbard’s Pearmain . Juneating : Lord Burghley . Mabbott’s Pearmain . Allen’s Everlasting Boston Russet . Braddick’s N onpareil . CobWamian : Coe’s Golden Drop Cornish Gilliflower Duchess of York’s Favourite . 6 Dutch Mignonne . Karly Harvest . Early or Summer Non- pareil . Melon. Mother Nonpareil : Northern Spy . Oslin Pippin Powell’s Russet Pearmain é Rambour d’ Amerique or Mere de Ménage Red Astrachan . Royal Russet Summer Nonpareil Wheeler’s Russet . Winter Quoining . 153 No. of Votes 154 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. CuLINARY APPLES. 1.—Mr. R. Bray, Bedfont Villa, Bedfont. Observations.—Examples large, wonderfully clear skinned, and well coloured. Some examples of Manks’ Codlin grown on som orf Ghana tN a ae Dumelow’s Seedling . 13 + |) Dr. Harvey . ord Sulieldey % =. 4: 12 |; Duchess of Oldenburg Blenheim Orange ] Dutch Codlin ‘ Keswick Codlin . +| @ || Emperor Alexander . Northern Greening . ) Frogmore Prolific . Loddington Seedling . ) G Gloria Mundi Warner’s King j Hall Door Golden Noble Yea Hambledon Deux Ans Winter Meg eek 4 Hawthornden Cellini . Hoary Morning Cox’s Pomona . 4 Hollandbury Keklnyille Seedling Hubbard’s Pearmain . Manks’ Codlin Beauty of Wilts Gooseberry Apple . . , Bess Pool . Hanwell Souring . Betty Geeson 1 New Hawthornden . Cheshunt Pippin Peasgood’s Nonesuch . 8 || Cobbett’s Fall Pippin ‘Stirling Castle | Lamb’s Favourite . Tower of Glamis || Lady Henniker . : Winter Hawthornden . Lewis’s Incomparable Alfriston | Mére de Ménage Annie Elizabeth . | Nelson’s Glory. . Beauty of Kent . , Old Hawthornden . Dutch Mignonne | Pile’s Russet ; Flower of Kent . | Rambour d’Amerique Grenadier . 2 | Waltham Abbey Seed- Lord Derby H ib imelbenees es Round Winter Nonesuch | Wellington ( or Dume- Small’s Admirable . | low’s Seedling) . Worcester Pearmain | Yorkshire Beauty . Yorkshire Greening | MIDDLESEX. EHalibitors. SOUTHERN COUNTIES : MIDDLESEX. 155 gravel, and others grown on clay, were very remarkable, the latter being twice the size, very highly coloured, and very hand- some, thus proving the superiority of the clay soil. Hzxlibitor’s Remarks.—Grown on Standard trees planted 40 years ago, and grafted on the Crab. Situation, on high eround, with no shelter. Soil, rather sandy in places; subsoil, eravel. Sixty years ago a quantity of gravel was taken out of the land where my orchard now stands. The ground was levelled about 43 years since, and planted. The Queen’s river runs within 20 feet of our northern hedge, and keeps our ground moist during the dry season. 2.—Mr. R. Dean, Bedfont and Halung. Observations.—LEixamples large and fine. Hzhibitor’s Remarks—LKixamples grown chiefly on tall Bush and Pyramidal trees, from 14 to 20 years of age. Their growth is generally free and healthy, being worked on the free stock. Situation, in no respect sheltered. Soil, a very stiff loam; sub- soil, clay. This is quite a market orchard district, where to grow kinds that will crop freely and early is the first consideration. SELECTION OF TEN VARIETIES SUITED FOR MARKET CULTURE. Early Julien, Manks’ Codlin, Lord Suffield, Blenheim Pippin, and Wellington (culinary); Duchess’s Favourite, Yellow Ingestrie, King of the Pippins, Cox’s Orange Pippin, and Cockle’s Pippin, all considerably grown in this district, but especially Kings and Wellingtons. Situation, sheltered by trees on the north. 3.—Mr. J. Hupson, Gardener to H. J. Atkinson, Hsq., Gunnersbury House, Acton. Observations.—Examples of fair average merit. Hahibitor’s Remarks.—Mostly grown on Orchard Standards some on cultivated ground, others on grass. Ages, from 20 to 40 years. Situation, exposed. Soil, a light loam on gravel. Our trees suffered much from the wet season of 1879, and since then they have been more disposed to canker. 4,—Messrs. C. Luz & Son, Nurserymen, éc., Hanmersmth and Haling. Observations.—A very fine and most interesting collection of the best varieties. | 156 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Grown at our Ealing Nursery, mostly on Pyramid and Bush trees, grafted on the English Paradise and Crab stock. Situation, exposed. Soil, a heavy loam. Apples do well in this district, grown as Standards on the Free seedling Apple stocks, the best results are from those worked on the English Paradise as Bush, Pyramid, and Espalier formed trees. SELECTION OF TWENTY-FOUR VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Mr. Gladstone, Irish Peach, Red Astrachan, Lord Suffield, Stirling Castle, Pott’s Seedling, Ecklinville Seedling, Cellini, King of the Pippins, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Warner’s King, Golden Noble, New Hawthornden, Claygate Pearmain, Adams’ Pearmain, Golden Reinette, Cockle’s Pippin, Ribston, Blenheim Orange, Northern Greening, Margil, Alfriston, Wellington, Sturmer. SELECTION OF TWELVE VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Irish Peach, Lord Suffield, Stirling Castle, Pott’s Seedling, King of the Pippins, New Hawthornden, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Cellini, Warner’s King, Blenheim, Dutch Mignonne, Wellington. SELECTION OF TEN VARIETIES SUITED FOR MARKET CULTURE. Lord Suffield, Pott’s Seedling, Kcklinville, Stirling Castle, Worcester Pearmain, King of the Pippins, New Hawthornden, Warner’s King, Blenheim, Wellington. 5.—Mr. J. Roperts, Gardener to the Messrs. Rothschild, Gunnersbury Park, Acton. Observations.—Kxamples of fair average quality. SELECTION OF TWENTY-FOUR VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE DistRIcT, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Early Harvest, Keswick Codlin, Lady Sudeley, Duchess of Oldenburg, Worcester Pearmain, Stirling Castle, Mabbot’s Pearmain, Golden Noble, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Emperor SOUTHERN COUNTIES : MIDDLESEX. 157 Alexander, Adam’s Pearmain, Pott’s Seedling, Claygate Pearmain, The Sandringham, Court Pendu Plat, Blenheim Orange, Sturmer Pippin, Lane’s Prince Albert, Annie Elizabeth, Bramley’s eee’ Bismarck, Wellington, Northern Greening, Rosemary usset. SELECTION OF TWELVE VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE: IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Early Harvest, Keswick Codlin, Lady Sudeley, Duchess of Oldenburg, Worcester Pearmain, Golden Noble, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Stirling Castle, Blenheim Orange, Court Pendu Plat, Lane’s Prince Albert, Wellington. SELECTION OF TEN VARIETIES SUITED FOR MARKET CULTURE. Keswick Codlin, Duchess of Oldenburg, Worcester Pearmain, Cockle’s Pippin, Stirling Castle, Emperor Alexander, Blenheim Orange, Lane’s Prince Albert, Bramley’s Seedling, Wellington, Five-Crowned Pippin. Halibitor’s Remarks.—Situation, sheltered. Soil, the top spit a friable loam; subsoil, a ight clay, resting on gravel. My own experience leads me to the conclusion that the Paradise stock is the best for the early Kitchen Apples, but the Crab for late keepers ; while for dessert kinds, I decidedly prefer Standard’ trees on the Crab stock, as the fruit is more fully exposed to the sun, and always eats crisper than from Pyramids on the Paradise stock. Our best Kitchen Apples are from Pyramid trees 12 to 14 feet high, on the free stock. Before planting the ground was deeply trenched and liberal supplies of manure added. In addition to this about three barrow-loads of maiden loam and burnt ashes was placed around the roots of each tree at planting time. These trees are mulched once during the early summer, and recelve an occasional watering from the hose in dry weather. Very little in the way of root-pruning has been needed, as, the position being sheltered, we seldom fail in securing good crops of fruit. Pruning has consisted in regulating the main branches thinly, so that the sun and air have free access to the centre of the trees. 6.—RoyaL HortTicuLTuRAL Society, Chiswick. Observations.—The examples in this collection, although not so large and highly coloured as some others, were specially 158 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. valuable on account of the correct nomenclature, thus serving as tests for comparison with others in the determination of the names. The labels attached indicated whether the fruit was for dessert or culinary purposes, and when in season; also the kind of stock on which grown. Superintendent’s Remarks.—The examples shown were all erown on Bush and Pyramid trees, the greater number being about 18 years old, and grafted on the Free stock; while the others were from trees 6 to 8 years old, grafted on the French Paradise and Doucin stocks. Situation, sheltered, but very subject to spring frosts. Soil, a heavy loam, bordering on clay; subsoil, gravel. The trees are not subjected to much pruning, the long strageling shoots being simply shortened, and the others thinned out so as to allow all parts of the tree to be fully exposed to the direct influence of the sun’s rays and the action of the weather. This is a point of special importance, and is one which seems to be very much overlooked by those who have to grow their trees within restricted areas, and subject them to much pruning and summer pinching. The finest fruits were gathered from small trees about 3 feet high and 6 years old, planted 3 feet apart, and grafted on the French Paradise and Doucin stocks, each tree bearing, on an average, about 25 fruit of good size. Of the stocks, those grafted on the Doucin make much the larger trees, and seem to be more vigorous, but both bear equally good crops. Experience here points to the use of these stocks, in small gardens especially, as being of the very utmost value and importance. 7.—Mr. W. Tivy, Gardener, Stanmore Hall, Middlesex. Observations.— Fair average examples. Halwbitor’s Remarks.—Grown on Standard trees 50 years old. Situation, partially sheltered. Soil, a dark vegetable mould resting on clay. Blenheim Orange and Wyken Pippin are much used for comfits and mincemeats. 8.—Messrs. J. VertcH & Sons, Royal Hxotice Nursery, Chelsea. Observations.—A remarkably well-grown, varied, and interest- ing collection, and correctly labelled. Hexhibitors’ Remarks.—The Apples exhibited by us were all grown at our Nursery at Southfields, Fulham. The Nursery is situate within a quarter of a mile of the River Thames, and is surrounded by a neighbourhood which is rapidly being built SOUTHERN COUNTIES : MIDDLESEX. 159 upon, and is, in fact, entirely within the influence of the London smoke and fogs. Within a short distance from the Nursery is one of the largest gasworks in the metropolis; also several large breweries and factories of various descriptions. The soil of the Nursery is about 18 inches in depth, and is very light, consisting entirely of sand and humus (vegetable mould) on a layer of yellow adhesive sand, beneath which is a rather thick stratum of yellow sandy gravel. ‘The whole series is very quickly permeated by water. The fruit was grown upon dwarf Pyramid trees grafted on the Paradise stock, none of which exceed 5 years of age, but the greater part of it was gathered from trees 2 and 3 years old. TWELVE VARIETIES BEST ADAPTED TO EXHIBITORS’ DistTRICT. Lord Suffield, Warner’s King, Winter Hawthornden, Alfriston, Dumelow’s Seedling, Baumann’s Red Reinette. Dessert.—Devon- shire Quarrenden, Kerry Pippin, King of Pippins, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Lord Burghley, Cockle’s Pippin. 9.—Mr. G. THompson, The Gardens, Croxby House, Hounslow. Observations.—Large and fine examples. EHainbitor’s Remarks.—Grown on Standards, Pyramids, and Cordons, the finest fruit being from the Pyramids. The trees are from 3 to 10 years old, being grafted on the Paradise stock. Situation, in orchard, open. Soil is very light; subsoil, gravel. In the market gardens in this district the Keswick and Mank’s Codlins are the varieties chiefly depended on. Keswick Codlin is not so liable to canker, and is a sure bearer. Many sorts canker very badly, especially Wellington (Dumelow’s Seedling). They were so bad the last few years that many of the growers have done away with them altogether. A great many King of the Pippins are grown, as they are sure bearers, but canker very much, Lord Suffield is the best early Kitchen Apple we have for either private or market use, but the branches die a good deal. A sort called Duchess’s Favourite is grown about Cranford, which bears very heavy crops every other year. The trees seem to keep healthy, and it is a good market Apple. SELECTION OF TWELVE VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Karly Julien, Duchess’s Favourite, King of the Pippins, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Blenheim Orange, Lord Suffield, Keswick Codlin, Stirling Castle, Manks’ Codlin, Warner’s King, Harvey’s Wilt- shire Defiance, Dumelow’s Seedling. 160 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. SELECTION OF TEN VARIETIES SUITED FOR MARKET CULTURE. Karly Julien, Duchess’s Favourite, King of the Pippins, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Blenheim Orange, Lord Suffield, Keswick Codlin, Stirling Castle, Manks’ Codlin, Dumelow’s Seedling. King of the Pippins is the chief kind grown in the market gardens. Situation, partly sheltered. Soil, very light, gravelly. General Remarks.—In the market gardens the trees are all planted as Standards, with Gooseberries, Raspberries, and Currants in between. In the well-kept gardens the trees are kept well thinned out every winter, and useless sorts are grafted every spring. 10.—Mr. R. Woop, Gardener to Mrs. Saunders, Duke’s Avenue, Chiswick. Halibitor’s Remarks.—Nearly all were gathered from old Standard orchard trees, worked on the Crab. Situation, very sheltered by large houses and tall trees. We have had very large crops this season and for several years, owing to the shelter, but the fruit has been small. The trees have been very much neglected for many years. 11.—Mr. J. WoopsripGE, Gardener, Syon House, Brentford. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Grown on Bush and Standard trees of various ages, grafted on the Crab and Paradise stocks. Situation, sheltered, in walled garden. Soil, light and sandy, on gravel. I find that trees grown in a Bush form, on the Paradise or Dwarfing stock, are very suitable for the borders of kitchen gardens. They bear better fruit, require less pruning, and can be allowed to grow in a more natural way. ‘Trees on the Crab or Free stock I consider more suitable for orchards. 12.—Mr. A. Wricut, Gardener to Mr. H. H. Watts, Chiswick. Observations.—Hxamples of fair average size. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Grown on very healthy and clean Standard and Bush trees, grafted on the Crab. Age, from 10 to 12 years. Situation where grown, sheltered. Soil, a medium black loam, on gravel. SOUTHERN COUNTIES : MIDDLESEX. 161 List of Varieties of Apples suitable for Cultivation in Middlesex. SELECTED (1883) By Mr. R. Bray, Bedfont. » A. Dean, Bedfont. ,, J. Hupson, Gunnersbury House, Acton. Messrs. C. Luz & Son, Hammersmith. Mr. J. Roperts, Gunnersbury Park, Acton. RoyaL HorticuLTURAL Society, Chiswick. Mr. G. THompson, Croxby House, Hounslow. » WwW. Tipy, Stanmore Hill, N. » BR. Woon, Duke’s Avenue, Chiswick. sai Je Wooppripce, Syon House, Brentford. » A. WRIGHT, Devonhurst, Chiswick. » e ) No. of Votes 9 i Or No. of Name Votes Cornish Gilliflower Downton Pippin . Memunmde suppres pa - Franklin’s Golden Pippin. i Golden Knob Juneating Landsberger Reinette Leyden Pippin . Lord Burghley. Margil ee Mother Apple . Northern Greening . \ Northern Spy . Ord’s Apple ‘ Pitmaston Pine Apple Red Juneating . : Reinette de Canada . Scarlet Nonpareil . Scarlet Pearmain . Scarlet Russet . Sturmer Pippin Seigende Reinette. Summer Strawberry . Wyken Pippin . Yellow Ingestrie . 168 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. CULINARY APPLES. is No. of = No. of Name Wipte Name Aa Dumelow’s Seedling . | 8 Cheshire Codlin Lord Suffield. a Cox’s Pomona . Warner’s King . . 6 Curltail Pippin Blenheim Orange . F Edmund Jupp = cae Cellini . Brenchi@rabigs) seen) Keklinville Seedling : 4 Frogmore Prolific. . | | Keswick Codlin . Gloria Mundi . Bedfordshire Foundling Hoary Morning New Hawthornden . 38 | Hollandbury ‘ Pott’s Seedling . | || Loddington Seedling. Alfriston . Lord Gwydyr . . Beauty of Kent . Mere de Ménage . . }| 1 Kmperor Alexander Minchall Crab . Golden Noble Nelson’s Glory. \ Hawthornden Northern Greening Lemon Pippin 9 | Nonesuch Fe Lord Derby . Kick Palmer’s Glory, or Norfolk Beefing. . . Yorkshire Beauty . Reinette de Canada . Round Winter Nonesuch Stirling Castle . . . layAaNEIP : Waltham Abbey Seed- Tower of Glamis . ling . ‘ Wormsley Pippin . Annie Elizabeth . . | Winter Peach . Bess Pool. . : 1 | Winter Quoining . Brabant Bellefleur. } | SUSSEX. Haluvbitors. 1.—Mr. G. Bresszt, The Gardens, Petworth Park, Sussex. Observations.—Hxamples remarkably highly coloured and of excellent quality. Hzlibitor’s Remarks.—Grown mostly as Standards. Some trees are young, which produce the finest fruit; the older trees give the best-coloured fruit. Age of trees from 5 to 50 years. They are erafted on the Crab. Situation, in orchard, well sheltered from north and north-east. Soil, a heavy loam on clay. There are many kinds grown in this neighbourhood that fruit remarkably well. Igrowa quantity on the Paradise stock, and sodomy neighbours. I[advise people to plant the Paradise stock freely, as a great number of sorts do wonderfully well on it. SOUTHERN COUNTIES: SUSSEX, 169 2.—Messrs. CHEAL & Sons, Lowfield Nurseries, Crawley. Observations.—A varied and extensive contribution, repre- sentative of most of the varieties of Apples grown in Sussex. Hzhibitor’s Remarks.—The best and handsomest fruits are from Cordons on the French and English Paradise. Situations, varied, generally fairly exposed. Soil, a stiff loam; subsoil, the Weald of Sussex clay, varying from bright yellow to blue marly clay, all more or less impregnated with iron. The Weald of Sussex lying principally flat, and the soil being of a retentive nature, it becomes saturated with water during the winter and spring months. Apples generally succeed well with care, but in most cases the orchards are left to nature, and no means are taken to increase their fertility or improve the quality of the fruit. Some kinds will not succeed, and canker the first year, such as Lady Henniker. Cox’s Orange Pippin—a most accom- modating Apple—would not grow or fruit in one orchard so as to be worth cultivating. Claygate Pearmain is found in most of the orchards in Sussex, and bears well. General Remarks.—A considerable number of our Apples are grown on Cordon and Bush trees, worked upon the English Paradise stock. The Cordons we prune in July, and again in September, occasionally cutting out unfruitful spurs in spring. We occa- sionally root-prune strong growers or unproductive trees, and the result of this we find very beneficial. There are, however, a few varieties that have to be treated on the extension system, such as Irish Peach, Kerry Pippin, Red Juneating, &c.; also the Blen- heim Orange does best as a Standard. The Orchard Standards upon the Free stock require to have weak and unfruitful branches thinned out to admit sun and air, and we firmly believe in the extension system for this class of tree. SELECTION OF TWENTY-FOUR VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Red Astrachan, The Professor, Worcester Pearmain, Keswick Codlin, Duchess of Oldenburg, Lord Grosvenor, Ecklinville, Pott’s Seedling, Frogmore Prolific, Stirling Castle, Warner’s King, New Hawthornden, King of Pippins, Lord Derby, Golden Noble, Blenheim Orange, Lane’s Prince Albert, Cox’s Orange, Mannington’s Pearmain, Duke of Devonshire, Winter Quoining, Wellineton, Norfolk Beefing, Sturmer Pippin. SELECTION OF TWELVE VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE. IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Professor, Worcester Pearmain, Duchess of Oldenburg, Keklinyille, Pott’s Seedling, Stirling Castle, Warner’s King, King of Pippins, Blenheim Orange, Lane’s Prince Albert, Cox’s Orange, Wellington. 170 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. SELECTION OF TEN VARIETIES SUITED FOR MARKET CULTURE. Worcester Pearmain, Duchess of Oldenburg, Ecklinville, Stirling Castle, King of Pippins, Blenheim Orange, Cox’s Orange, Lane’s Prince Albert, Wellington, Norfolk Beefing. Warner’s King, King of the Pippins, Blenheim Orange, Wellington, and Norfolk Beefing are grown to a considerable extent in the district. 3.—Mr. Sipney Forp, Gardener, Leonardslee, Horsham. Observations.—A very interesting collection, containing many local varieties of merit. Hizhibitor’s Remarks.—The collection sent consists of about one half the varieties grown here in these gardens and orchards as Bush and Standard trees. Situation, 273 feet above sea-level, on a gentle slope, facing south. Soil varies much, from a sandy loam to stiff clay; the subsoil consisting of sandy gravel and sand rock. There are a great number of local kinds very little known elsewhere, viz., Kdmund Jupp, First and Last, Treadcroft Seedling, Langley’s Seedling, St. Leonard’s Seedling, and 50 . others I could name, all good, useful kinds. SELECTION OF TWELVE VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Blenheim Orange, Warner’s King, Tower of Glamis, Beauty of Kent, Lady Henniker, Bedfordshire Foundling, Yorkshire Greening, Cellini Pippin, Golden Noble, Dr. Hoge, Winter Quuin- ing, Ribston Pippin. 4,—Mr. R. Minter, Southdown Road, Shoreham, Sussex. Observations. —HExamples of fair average merit. Lixhibitor’s Remarks.—Grown on Standard and Bush trees from 20 to 50 years old, grafted onthe Crab. Situation sheltered. Soil, heavy; subsoil, clay. Harly Harvest bears a good crop in alternate years; Keswick, Lord Suffield, Hawthornden, Welling- ton, Cockle’s Pippin, and Cellini fruit more or less every year, and are generally good; Northern Greening bears well, but the trees being very old, and subject to high winds, the fruit is generally small. Apples are not much grown in this neighbour- hood, being too much exposed to the sea and to high winds in the autumn. SOUTHERN COUNTIES: SUSSEX. 171 5.—Mr. J. Rust, The Gardens, Hridge Castle, Tunbridge Wells. Observations.—Fruit small, highly coloured. Hixhibitor’s Remarks.—About one half are grafted on the Free stock, many being very old trees; the others are on the Paradise. Situation of orchard 400 feet above the sea-level, very much exposed to high winds. Soil, a stiff loam, resting on marl. For orchard planting on grass, my experience is in favour of the Free stock ; whilst for cultivated land, the Paradise has much the advantage, especially in exposed places, and the trees are best in the Bush form. I do not approve of hard pruning; prefer thinning out the branches. ‘The Paradise stock is best for dessert kinds, and the Crab stock for culinary kinds. SELECTION OF 'T'WENTY-FOUR VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Irish Peach, Worcester Pearmain, Kerry Pippin, Fearn’s Pippin, Duchess of Oldenburg, Lord Suffield, Lady Henniker, Stirling Castle, Lady Sudeley, Golden Noble, Peasgood’s Nonesuch, Tower of Glamis, Betty Geeson, New Hawthornden, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Ribston Pippin, Adams’ Pearmain, Bedfordshire Foundling, Lemon Pippin, Hall Door, White Paradise, Mére de Ménage, Winter Queening, Northern Greening. SELECTION OF TWELVE VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Red Astrachan, Fearn’s Pippin, Lord Suffield, Cox’s Orange, Stirling Castle, Warner’s King, Blenheim Pippin, Wellington, lane’s Prince Albert, Bramley’s Seedling, Sturmer Pippin, Golden. Knob. SELECTION OF TmN VARIETIES SUITED FOR MARKET CULTURE. Emperor Alexander, Duchess of Oldenburg, Nanny, Peas- good’s Nonesuch, Sandringham, The Queen, Worcester Pearmain, Lady Sudeley, Golden Noble, White Paradise. Varieties of Apples suitable for Cultivation in Sussex. | SELECTED (1883) By Mr. G. Breese, Petworth Park, Petworth. Messrs. CHEAL & Sons, Crawley. Mr. S. Forp, Leonardslee, Horsham. , B. Minter, Southdown Nursery, Shorehanv. » J. Rust, Hridge Castle, Tunbridge Wells. 172 Name Cox’s Orange Pippin . Cockle’s Pippin . Trish Peach . Devonshire Quarr enden Sturmer Pippin . Claygate Pearmain. Court Pendu Plat . King of the Pippins Ribston Pippin . Winter Queening Adams’ Pearmain . Astrachan Red . Blenheim Orange ¢. FS ba Cornish Gilliflower Name Warner’s King . Alfriston . : Blenheim Orange . Cellini . : Cox’s Pomona Keswick Codlin . Keklinville Seedling Emperor Alexander Hawthornden, New Hawthornden, Old. Lord Suffield Mere de Ménage Northern Greening. Annie Elizabeth Beauty of Kent . Bedfordshire Foundling Dumelow’s Seedling ) Mannington’s Pearmain : JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. DESSERT APPLES. | No. of Votes 5 4 5) CULINARY No. of Votes 5 Name Dutch Mignonne . Karly Harvest . Kgremont Russet . Emperor Napoleon Fearn’s Pippin. Golden Harvey Golden Knob Kerry Pippin Mr. Gladstone . Rosemary Russet . Scarlet Nonpareil . Sops in Wine . Wyken Pippin . Yellow Ingestrie . APPLES. Name No. of Votes No. of Votes Dutch Codiin Forge. Grenadier : Hanwell Souring . Hawthornden of ‘Sussex Lady Henniker ‘ Loddington Seedling. Lord Derby. : Norfolk Bearer. Norfolk Beefing Pomeroy of Sussex Royal Russet Winter Coleman . Winter Nonesuch . Yorkshire Beauty . Yorkshire Greening . SOUTHERN COUNTIES: WILTSHIRE. 173 WILTSHIRE. Exlubitors. 1.—Mr. G. Auten, Ramsbury Manor, Hungerford. Observations.—Exxamples large and fine. Haxhibitor’s Remarks.—Grown mostly on very old Standard and Espalier trees. Those grafted on the Crab appear to grow best in this soil. Situation, in a valley close to the River Kennet, sheltered from §.K. winds. Soil, a strong loam, resting on chalky flint, and gravelly subsoil. Most of the Apples were planted here 30 years ago, and they all appear to do well. The Lemon Pippin crops very well on very old Standard trees and Kspaliers. Ribston Pippin, Margil, and that class of apples are not grown ; they do not fruit, and what little growth they make dies in the winter, no doubt from their roots getting into the wet subsoil, this being nearly level with the water. People in this part of the country are now taking to plant Bush and Pyramid trees instead of Standards. 2.—Mr. J. Horserinyp, Heytesbury, Wilts. Observations. Examples small. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Gathered from old Standard and Pyramid trees, grafted on the Crab, at Heytesbury in the Wylye Valley. Situation, sheltered, low and damp. Soil, chalk marl on chalk. 3,—Mr. J. Repineton, The Gardens, Litilecote, Hungerford, Wilts. Observations.—Fruit small. Fixhibitor’s Remarks.—Grown on old Standard trees that have been planted 65 years, grafted on the Crab. . Warner’s King. Histon Favourite . . Wellington (Dume- Huntingdon Codlin . low’s Seedling) . iordiSutteld 47.018 Winter Greening . OXFORDSHIRE. Exhibitors. 1.—Messrs. J. Jerreries & Co., Nurserymen, &c., Oxford. Exhibitors’ Remarks.—Collected from many and widely distant localities of the county, a large proportion being the production of orchards which are exclusively Standards that have borne fruit for many generations. These are chiefly on the Crab, but those exhibited from garden collections are from Eispalier or Pyramidal trees of various ages, mostly on the Paradise. The soil varies from a fertile tenacious loam—a decomposed stone-brash or limestone, or a light sandy loam—with subsoils of clay or chalk. The varieties of apples most extensively grown in the orchards of this county are Blenheim Orange and Hanwell Souring; of the former variety there are many trees that have been obtained from kernels, and these produce fruit varying more or less from what is regarded as the typical sort. There are certain trees that have gained a local fame on account of their producing uniformly juicy, rich, sugary-flavoured Apples, by which they are distinguished from fruit of the same kind from trees growing under precisely similar conditions that do not partake of these qualities in a corresponding degree. The vigour manifested by many of the most aged trees serves to indicate not only the situations eminently suitable for forming new orchards, a MIDLAND COUNTIES, SOUTH : OXFORDSHIRE. 199 but illustrates a successful method of planting, as understood generations back; and the trees cannot but be regarded as memorials of a spirit of enterprise that once existed among those who achieved something wherewith to benefit posterity. The acreage of the county is 470,095 acres, and of this total 1,370 acres only are devoted to orchards. With these figures in view, it cannot be doubted that a greatly extended cultivation of Apples would be attended with the most satisfactory results. It cannot be too forcibly impressed on planters that it is not sufficient to make a good selection of well-grown trees, to convey them carefully to their allotted places, there to plant them, and, after securing them to stakes, abandon them to the elements. In many instances the operation of planting Apple trees is performed by those insufficiently tutored to the task; due attention is not given to a proper disposition of the roots, or to the surface on which they are placed; and it too frequently happens that the process of planting would be more fitly described as that of unconscious burying; moreover, the attention afterwards bestowed on them is often occasioned by the necessity of remedy- ing defects arising, from neglect or mismanagement. List of Varieties of Apples suitable for Cultivation in Oxfordshire. SELECTED BY Mgssprs. J. JEFFERIES & Co., Nurserymen, Oxford. Dessert Apples.—Borsdorffer, Cockle’s Pippin, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Devonshire Quarrenden, Fearn’s Pippin, Golden Winter Pearmain, Kerry Pippin, Margil, Ribston Pippin, Sturmer Pippin, Wyken Pippin, Yellow Ingestrie. Culinary Apples.— Beauty of Kent, Blenheim Orange, Cellini, Dumelow’s Seedling, Ecklinville Seedling, Golden Noble, Han- well Souring, Hawthornden, Lord Suffield, Mere de Ménage, Stirling Castle, Warner’s King. . > \ } 2 9 \ ie . / \\ 7% f > 1 i ra we oy \ - 7 i / S ae - § : 3 y t-3 ( = a j 5 ‘ Nay kare n : : : 2 a ) ‘ H i ry c ‘ - 3 ;" ; ‘ 3 i ‘ é. & ‘ th he : rR i ‘ TOO P OND -& Gh O Ur TV. MIDLAND COUNTIES—NORTH. . CHESHIRE . LEICESTERSHIRE . NORTHAMPTONSHIRE . NOTTINGHAMSHIRE ... . RUTLANDSHIRE . STAFFORDSHIRE . WARWICKSHIRE PAGE, ... 203 ... 206 ... 206 we 208 sco CY) 3c HNL . 212 MIDLAND COUNTIES, NORTH : CHESHIRE. 203 CHESHIRE. Hahibitors. 1.—Mr. J. Bancrort, Audlem, Cheshire. Observations.—Examples small and deficient in colour. A well-prepared table, stating use, season, where grown—in garden or elsewhere—kind of tree, &c., accompanied this collection, which added much to the interest. Hxlibitor’s Remarks.—Grown in gardens and orchards, on old Standard trees, grafted on stocks raised chiefly from Apple “« Pippins.” Situation, exposed. Soil, a brown loam, with a clay subsoil. Apples in this neighbourhood are frequently called by many different names; also one name is frequently given to many distinct varieties of apples. I know personally that there are ten distinct varieties all called ‘‘ John” Apples, so that local names cannot be relied on. 2.—Messrs. F. & A. Dickson, Nurserymen, Chester. Observations.—A remarkably fine collection, the examples large and well grown. Hzlibitors’ Remarks.—Gathered from Bush and Pyramid trees, from 38 to 6 years old, grafted on the Paradise stock. Situation, open, fully exposed to winds. Soil, a light loam, on sandy subsoil. | It is very evident that the Paradise stock is the best suited for the forms of trees which produce such fine fruit, and it is certainly so for small gardens. 8.—Messrs. JAMES Dickson & Son, Newton Nurseries, Chester. Hahibitors’ Remarks.—Fruit grown on Bush and Pyramid trees from 2 to 7 years old. Situation open, and exposed to all winds. Soil, a friable loam, suitable for all kinds of fruit trees ; subsoil, a stiff red clay. Trees in this district grow freely, and generally bear fair, and sometimes very heavy crops. The spring frosts occasionally destroy the early blossoms, which the late blooming kinds usually escape. 4.—Messrs. 8. Lepsuam & Son, Green Lanes, Tarvin Road, Chester. Observations.—Examples well grown. 204 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SCCIETY. Exhibitors’ Remarks.—Fruit grown on half Standard and Bush trees, grafted on the Crab stock; some being on inferior sorts of Apples. Situation exposed. Soil, strong, with a clay subsoil. For miles around the country is level and well covered with trees. There are many other good sorts in this district besides those named, which we grow. In Cranston’s catalogue we find Maltster described as a large and excellent culinary Apple. We have never found it to cook well here. 5.—BEnJAMIN C. Roperts, Esq., Oakfield, Chester. Mr. J. Mappocks, Gardener. Observations.—Examples large and well grown. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Grown on Bush and Espalier trained trees, the dessert varieties being on the former, the culinary on the latter; mostly on Crab stocks. Situation, sheltered on the west. Soil, a stiff loam, 15 inches; subsoil, ‘‘ramel ’’ and clay. 6.—Mr. SreLwoop, Gardener to the Duke of Westminster, Haton Hall, Chester. Observations.—Specimens large and well grown, but some- what deficient in colour. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Most of the dessert varieties grown on Hspaliers, the others on Bush trees 7 years old. Some trees are very old, but still bear fine fruit, the bulk being worked on the Crab stock, a few on Paradise. Situation, shel- tered. Soil, heavy, rich but shallow, with a wet clay bottom, making close draining necessary. ‘This is a good Apple neigh- bourhood, and a crop more or less can generally be depended on. Varieties of Apples suitable for Cultivation in Cheshire. SELECTED (1883) By Mr. J. Bancrort, Audlem. Messrs. J. Dickson & Son, Chester. » F. & A. Dickson & Son, Chester. » . LEDSHAM & Son, Chester. C. Roperts, Esq., Oakfield, Chester. Mr. J. Setwoop, Haton Hall, Chester. MIDLAND COUNTIES, NORTH : CHESHIRE. DESSERT APPLES. Name ae | Name asheReack 2) 2. |) Braddick’s Nonpareil Blenheim Orange . . || 4 || Christie’s Pippin . Cox’s Orange Pippin . Coe’s Golden Drop Ribston, Pippin .. .... | Congleton Pippin . Kerry Pippiis = .i 3 || Court Pendu Plat. Adams’ Pearmain . . }| Karly Harvest . @ourt of/Wick .- .. . Fearn’s Pippin Karly Margaret. . . || Forge Apple Golden Pippin. . . |! Juneating w0%, Golden Reinette . . || Mannington’s Pear- Golden Winter Pear- || | main 5.2: maT 6. Sh ee Margaret King of the Pippins pint Mareil Maltster .. - || Oslin . ; Mr. Gladstone . .-. |] Pine Golden Pippin é Newtown Pippin. . || Red Astrachan Nemprtet. .. .- ss | Russet ner! Sturmer Pippin. | Scarlet Pearmain . American Mother . . } 1 || Whorle Pippin. Barchard’s Seedling CuLInARY APPLES. Name ee | Name iitordsuttield. =. .-. e || Betty Geeson . Cellini... .. . | Blenheim Orange. Dumelow’s Seedling 4 | Emperor Alexander . Keswick Codlin . | Gloria Mundi . Alfriston . . ; Greenup’s Pippin . Keklinville Seedling : John Apple. Golden Noble : | Long Keeper Warner’s King. . 3 | Tord Derby . Winter Hawthornden . | Manks’ Codlin . Annie Elizabeth . . _ Nelson’s Glory Cox's Pomona . ... Norfolk Beefing Hawthornden .. . Open Hearts Lord Grosvenor . 9 Pott’s Seedling Mere de Ménage Queen Caroline Meanchall Crab:-. . . Small’s Admirable Stirling Castle . . . Yorkshire Greening . Wareham Russet 205 No.of Votes No. of | Votes 206 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. LEICESTERSHIRE. Exhibitors. 1.—Messrs. Harrison & Sons, Nurserymen, Leicester. Observations.—A fairly well-grown and representative collec- tion, but small and deficient in colour. A list of the varieties, stating the locality where grown, kind of subsoil, &c., was sub- mitted, adding interest to the display. Hahibitors’ Remarks.—The greater part of the fruit from aged Standards, some few being from young trees growing in a natural manner, and mostly grafted on the Crab. Situation, moderately exposed. Soil, gravel in most cases, in others red clay. This is not a county in which Apples are grown exten- sively or considered of much importance, as they are planted in orchards kept in grass for many years. In gardens they are allowed to grow into Standard trees, without either manure or management. In some parts, where planted on gravelly subsoil, they succeed fairly ; but the red clay predominates here, and this is too cold for Apples in most seasons. Varieties of Apples suitable for Cultivation in Leicestershire. SELECTED BY Mzssrs. Harrison & Sons, Nurserymen. Dessert.—Blenheim Orange, Court Pendu Plat, Court of Wick, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Fearn’s Pippin, Golden Russet, Kerry Pippin, King of the Pippins, Old Bess Pool, Ribston Pippin, Scarlet Nonpareil, Wyken. Culinary.—Annie Elizabeth, Cellini, Costard, Duchess of Oldenburg, Dumelow’s Seedling, Hawthornden, Keswick Codlin, Lord Suffield, Northern Greening, Queen Caroline, Rymer, Warner’s King. NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. Habitors. 1.—Mr. R. GinBert, Gardener to the Marquis of Exeter, Burghley, Stamford. Fixhibitor’s Remarks.—Of the varieties exhibited, 23 are seedlings raised here. They have been grown on Bush and Standard trees in the gardens, mostly grafted on the Crab. Situation, very high and flat, with little shelter excepting from the garden walls. Soil, a sandy loam 2 to 8 feet deep, resting on red sand and ironstone in some places, in others on small gravelly stones. A great many of the trees are very unhealthy, and have died back a good deal in the kitchen garden; whilst those planted in the new orchard three years ago are remark- ably healthy and vigorous, although much more exposed. Apples do not attain such a high colour here as they do in most places. MIDLAND COUNTIES, NORTH : NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. 207 9.—Mr. T. SuHortr, Gardener to Sir H. G. Loder, Floore, Weedon. Exhibitor’s Remarks.—This parish is remarkable for having crops of Apples when few are to be found elsewhere. There are many old varieties grown here having curious local names. List of Varieties of Apples suitable for Cultivation in Northamptonshire. SELECTED (1883) By Mr. R. GitBert, Burghley, Stamford. » J. Haruock, Lilford, Oundle. DrEssERT APPLES. Name Votes Claygate Pearmain. . King of the Pippins . 2 Wyken Pippin ene Barnack Beauty . . Cockle’s Pippin. . . Mourtiot Wick = .¢... 1 Cox’s Pomona Devonshire Quarrenden Dutch Mignonne . . No. of No of Name Votes Fearn’s Pippin . Hicks’ Fancy . Lady Lennox . Lemon Pippin . Malltster eGitn (te. 1 Sell’s Prolific . Sturmer Pippin The March Queen Worcester Pearmain . CuLINARY APPLES. Nemmic No. of Votes Blenheim Pippin : Keswick Codlin . ‘ 2 Warner’s King . : Alfriston . : Beauty of Hants Betty Geeson Catshead . a Boe Ciesla 1 Cocwra .. Duke of Gloucester Dumelow’s Seedling Keklinville Seedling No. of Name Votes Emperor Alexander . Golden Noble . .. Loddington Seedling Lord Grosvenor . Lord Suffield l Manks’ Codlin . Mére de Ménage . Wellington (Dume- low’s Seedling) . Yorkshire Greening . 908 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. Hahibitors. 1.—Mr. H. Braptey, Nurseries, Halam, Southwell, Notts. Observations.—A very fine lot of fruit, each sort being ex- hibited in a small box prominently labelled with the name of the variety, and stating whether the specimens were of average size or not, also the nature or kind of stock on which they were grafted; thus affording great interest. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Grown on different kinds of trees and on various stocks. Situation, in a somewhat sheltered valley at the foot of the northern slope of hills, about four miles north- west of the River Trent. Soil, a deep rich loam with a clay subsoil. 2.—Mr. Hy. Frettinauam, The Nurseries, Beeston, Notts. SELECTION OF TWENTY-FOUR VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Irish Peach, Duchess of Oldenburg, Lord Suffield, Domino, Worcester Pearmain, Maltster, Peasgood’s Nonesuch, Lord Derby, Spencer’s Favourite, Lady Henniker, King of the Pippins, Kerry Pippin, Lord Lennox, Warner’s King, Blenheim Orange, Caldwell Improved, Stent’s Incomparable, Northern Greening Improved, Ribston Pippin, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Bess Pool Improved, Nor- manton Wonder, Bramley’s Seedling, Sturmer Pippin. SELECTION OF TWELVE VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Irish Peach, Duchess of Oldenburg, Domino, Peasgood’s Nonesuch, King of the Pippins, Kerry Pippin, Warner’s King, Blenheim Orange, Stent’s Incomparable, Northern Greening _ Improved, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Bramley’s Seedling. SELECTION OF TEN VARIETIES SUITED FOR MARKET CULTURE. Duchess of Oldenburg, Domino, Lord Grosvenor, Spencer’s Favourite, Lord Lennox, Warner’s King, Northern Greening Improved, Blenheim Orange, Stent’s Incomparable, Bramley’s Seddling. Halibitor’s Remarks. — Situation moderately ' sheltered. Character of soil, variable, from light sandy soil to heavy loam ; subsoil, mostly gravelly. General Remarks.—Stocks, mostly Crab. Standards grown in orchards. Pruning not much practised. Several of the varie- ties named above are local sorts, but are popular in this district. MIDLAND COUNTIES, NORTH : NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. 909 8.—Mr. Henry MERRYWEATHER, The Nurseries, Southwell, Notts. Hzhibitor’s Remarks.—Bramley’s Seedling Apple was raised at Southwell by Mr. Bramley, and has been grown in the neigh- bourhood for years. We believe it to be the finest marketing Apple in cultivation. It is a very free-bearing variety, having a bold, hardy blossom. It is ready for use as soon as gathered, and will keep good until June. 4.—Messrs. J. R. PEARSON Se Chilwell Nurseries, Beeston, otts. Observations.—A very instructive contribution, illustrative of pure orchard culture. Exhibitors’ Remarks.—The greater part of the fruit is from Standard orchard trees, from 50 to 60 years old, grown on the Crab stock; a few from the nursery, on Paradise. Situation, on the south slope of a hill, but not otherwise sheltered. Soil, clay—both soil and subsoil. 5.—Mr. N. H. Pownatt, Linton Hall ee Nottingham. .- Exhibitor's Remarks.—About Nottingham, Spencer’s Seedling is the common name of the Apple sent; an older local name given to it is Spencer’s Favourite. Brown’s Queen Caroline, or Brown’s Seedling, is said about Birmingham to be the right name, as it was raised by a nurseryman at Measham, near Ashby-de-la-Zouch, and came into bearing when Queen Caroline’s cause was in the law courts—hence its name. Varieties of Apples suitable for Cultivation in Nottinghamshire. SELECTED (1888) By Mr. H. Brapuey, Southwell, and Messrs. J. R. Pearson & Sons, Chilwell. DESSERT APPLES. No. of | No. of wae Votes | MIELE Votes Blenheim Orange . . King of the Eee : Cox’s Orange Pippin . 2 || Margil 5 : Lord Lennox Saher Mr. Gladstone . Bess Pools... ; Muss Russet Bridgewater Pippin : New Bess Pool ; Court Pendu Plat . . OldeNonparel. -: 2: IL Eve (or Trumpington) Pearmain, Golden . Herefordshire __ Pear- 1 Pike’s Pearmain . main . : Scarlet Nonpareil . Improved Bess Pool : Sturmer Pippin iinishy Reach \y..3 0). Woolaton Pippin . Juneating White 210 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. CuLINARY APPLES. Name Fotes| Name Voies Domino . | | New Caldwell . Duchess of Oldenburg Gaye New Hawthornden Keswick Codlin. . . }/ New Northern Green- Alfriston tee ae ; | ing. , ; American Grindling “ha | Northern Greening 1 Beauty of Kent . | Oslin (Golden Noble) Bramley’s Seedling 1 || Pott’s Seedling Cellini . : ; | S. B. Seedling. . Dumelow’s Seedling ee iil | Small’s Admirable Keklinville Seedling . } | | Spencer’s Seedling ord Puitieldy, . oesay- | | RUTLANDSHIRE. Exhibitors. 1.—Mr. W. H. Divers, The Gardens, Ketton Hall, Stamford, Lutlandshire. SELECTION OF T'WENTY-FOUR VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE 1N THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Early Margaret, Keswick Codlin, Lord Grosvenor, Ecklinville Seedling, Manks’ Codlin, Costard, Duke of Gloucester, Worcester Pearmain, Prior’s Red, Cox’s Pomona, King of Pippins, Golden Noble, Carlton Seedling, Blenheim Pippin, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Kentish Fillbasket, Wyken Pippin, Hereford Pearmain, Reinette de Canada, Dumelow’s Seedling, Dutch Mignonne, Alfriston, Barnack Beauty, Duke of Devonshire. SELECTION OF TWELVE VARIETIES MOST: SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Karly Margaret, Ecklinville Seedling, Duke of Gloucester, King of Pippins, Golden Noble, Carlton Seedling, Blenheim Pippin, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Hereford Pearmain, Dumelow’s Seedling, Barnack Beauty, Duke of Devonshire. SELECTION OF TEN VARIETIES SUITED FOR MARKET CULTURE. Keswick Codlin, Lord Grosvenor, Ecklinville Seedling, Costard, Duke of Gloucester, Golden Noble, Carlton Seedling, Blenheim Pippin, Dumelow’s Seedling, Barnack Beauty. MIDLAND COUNTIES, NORTH : RUTLANDSHIRE. 911 Hahibitor’s Remarks.—None are grown expressly for market in this district. Situation, sheltered, at the bottom of a valley close to the river Chater—the coldest place in the neighbourhood. Apple trees are well sheltered by forest trees. Soil, part old garden, part clayey loam; subsoil, limestone, containing a lot of ironstone in many places. General Remarks.—Standard trees are preferred if the situa- tion is not too much exposed; very little pruning is done, except when in a young state, to obtain a well balanced head, and when large, a few of the weaker branches are thinned out about once in four years. When the situation is much exposed, Bush trees are considered the best, restricted to 10 or 12 feet in height, by pruning at midsummer, and again in autumn or early spring. Manure is given when the trees give indications of requiring a stimulant, by removing the soil until the roots are found, placing a good layer of farmyard dung all over, and returning the soil on the top as before; this is done in the autumn. If any of these Bush trees get unfruitful through growing too vigorously, we take out a trench all round at 4 feet from the stem of the tree, and deep enough to cut off all the principal roots, and in extreme cases we lift the tree, prune the roots, and repiant. All our trees are on the Crab stock. 2.—Mr. Jonn Grey, Normanton Park, Stamford, Rutland. SELECTION OF ‘T'WENTY-FOUR VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Keswick Codlin, Lord Suffield, Cellini, Cox’s Pomona, Stirling Castle, Ecklinville, Gravenstein, Manks’ Codlin, Wor- cester Pearmain, Peasgood’s Nonesuch, Pinder’s Apple, Small’s Admirable, Golden Spire, Kirke’s Fame, Alfriston, Nelson Codlin, New Hawthornden, Dumelow’s Seedling, Tower of Glamis, King of the Pippins, Schoolmaster, Ribston Pippin, | Annie Elizabeth, Northern Greening. SELECTION OF TWELVE VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Lord Suffield, Stirling Castle, Ecklinville, Peasgood’s None- such, Pinder’s Apple, Kirke’s Fame, Alfriston, Small’s Admirable, Schoolmaster, Northern Greening, Annie Hlizabeth, Dumelow’s Seedling. Halibitor’s Remarks.—Situation: ground inclining to the north, but sheltered on all sides by trees. Soil, old garden ; subsoil, red conglomerate. 0 2 912 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. General Remarks.—Except a few old Standard trees, our apples are all grown as Cordons, Bushes, and Pyramids on the Paradise stock. They are transplanted, and the roots pruned when over vigorous; very little top pruning required. Nursery- men graft the Paradise stock too near the ground. There ought to be sufficient length of stem to prevent the scion rooting into the ground, &c. STAFFORDSHIRE. EHxhibitor. 1.—Mr. Z. Stevens, Gardener to the Duke of Sutherland, Trentham, Staffordshire. Observations. Examples of fair average merit. Exzhibitor’s Remarks.—The Apples exhibited have all been grown on arched trellises and small Bush trees about 10 years old, grafted on the French Paradise. ‘The trees all bear abund- antly. Apples grafted on other stocks, such as the Crab, do not produce good fruit in this locality. We therefore strongly advise erowers of Apples -in similar districts to Trentham to use the French Paradise stock. The soil here is loamy, on the New Red Sandstone formation. Situation, low but sheltered, and very damp. This is a very poor fruit district. WARWICKSHIRE. Halubitors. 1.—Mr. D. Barpen, Gardener to the Hon. C. W. Winch, Offchurch, Bury, Leanungton. Hxmibitor’s Remarks.—Grown on Espaliers and Standard. trees from 25 to 80 years of age. Situation, very damp, close to the River Trent, and often enveloped in fog, well protected to the south and west, but exposed on other sides. Soil, of a light sandy nature; subsoil, gravelly. The trees in the orchard have been much neglected ; but I hope by judicious thinning to obtain better fruit. 2.—Mr. Avex. D. Curistiz, Castle Gardens, Warwick. SELECTION OF TWENTY-FOUR VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Kerry Pippin, Keswick Codlin, Fearn’s Pippin, Manks’ Codlin, Alexander, Ecklinville Seedling, Lord Suffield, Lord Grosvenor, MIDLAND COUNTIES, NORTH : WARWICKSHIRE. Pas bee} Cox’s Pomona, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Ribston Pippin, Blenheim Orange, Stirling Castle, Hawthornden, Beauty of Kent, Warner’s King, Nonesuch, Broad Eyed Pippin, Adams’ Pearmain, Dumelow’s Seedling, King of the Pippins, Bess Pool, Hanwell Souring, Northern Greening. EHalbitor’s Remarks.—Situation, sheltered fairly well all round. Soil, sandy; subsoil, gravel or sandstone. General Remarks.—All grown as Standards, Bushes, and Pyramids, on the Crab stock. Root pruned as required. Not confined to spurs in pruning, but leave young wood two or three feet long, according to strength, from which we get the best fruit. All large fruiting sorts, such as Ecklinville, Lord Suffield, and Warner’s King, should be grown as Bushes or Pyramids, other- wise the fruit is blown down or damaged before it is fit to be gathered. Varieties of Apples suitable for Cultivation in Warwickshire. SELECTED BY Mr. D. Barpen, Offchurch, Leamington, Warwick. Dessert Apples.—King of the Pippins, Ribston Pippin, Wyken or Warwickshire Pippin. Culinary Apples—Hanwell Souring, Kentish Fillbasket, London Pippin, Mére de Ménage, Northern Greening. ny ae ONT TR © de Gas, ©. oR M WHSTERN COUNTIES. . DEVONSHIRE . DORSETSHIRE . GLOUCESTERSHIRE . HEREFORDSHIRE MONMOUTHSHIRE SHROPSHIRE . SOMERSETSHIRE . WORCESTERSHIRE % sen tier WESTERN COUNTIES : DEVONSHIRE. 217 DEVONSHIRE. EHazhibitors. 1.—Mr. J. GARLAND, Gardener to Sir T. D. Acland, Bart., M.P.., Kullerton, Exeter. Halibitor’s Remarks.—The trees are of all ages ; as old ones fail, young ones are planted to fill up the vacancies. They are all Standards, and grafted on stocks raised from Apple-pips, sown as they come from the cider press. It is the general rule in this county to raise stocks in this way. Situation, exposed to south-west winds. Soil, a red loam on Red Sandstone subsoil. As we have extensive orchards to gather from, very few Apples are grown in the garden. Young, healthy trees are very quickly changed into any new sort, by being headed back moderately short, and 20 or 80 grafts put on them. The trees are periodically pruned, and the heads thinned, to ensure a better bearing throughout the trees; and they also suffer less from the effects of gales, which are smartly felt here, coming straight off the Dartmoor Hills. The young stocks raised from the pips are locally termed ‘‘Gribbles,”’ and are raised chiefly by small market gardeners. The strongest are first selected, and planted back for a year or two, when they are usually bought by the tenant farmers, who plant them out about 3 feet apart, where they remain for one or two years, according to the strength and progress they may have made when they are headed back and erafted. The same season they will make shoots 4 feet or 5 feet long. These are shortened in winter to the required height for Standard trees, and have sufficient room allowed them to make fine healthy heads. Finally, they are transplanted into the orchard, or sold to other farmers, or those who do not raise theirown. ‘Tremlett’s Bitter is usually grafted on another tree headed down ; being such an enormous bearer, it does not make a good young tree in the ordinary way. SELECTION OF TWENTY-FOUR VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE DistRicT, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Dessert.—Irish Peach, Devonshire Quarrenden, King of the Pippins, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Blenheim Orange, Adams’ Pear- main, Wyken Pippin, Sturmer Pippin. Culinary.—Keswick Codlin, Lord Suffield, Hawthornden, Tom Putt, Warner’s King, Frogmore Prolific, Pott’s Seedling, Cox’s Pomona, Cellini, Lady Henniker, Winter Hawthornden, Dumelow’s Seedling, Betty Geeson, Mere de Ménage, Alfriston, Royal Russet. 3 918 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. SELECTION OF TwELVE VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Dessert.—Devonshire Quarrenden, King of the Pippins, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Blenheim Orange. Culinary.—Lord Suffield, Hawthornden, Tom Putt, Warner’s King, Cox’s Pomona, Cellini, Winter Hawthornden, Dumelow’s Seedling. : SELECTION OF TEN VARIETIES SUITED FOR MARKET CULTURE. King of the Pippins, Blenheim Orange, Lord Suffield, Haw- thornden, Tom Putt, Warner’s King, Cox’s Pomona, Cellini, Winter Hawthornden, Dumelow’s Seedling. The first six named are generally grown in this locality, the four last named are not so well known. Dumelow’s is rapidly growing into favour, some farmers growing them by hundreds, it being one of the most profitable sorts if the produce is not sent to market until March. 2.—Mr. A. Roacers, Axminster. Observations.—An interesting collection of Kast Devonshire Apples from the valleys of the Axe and Yarty; mostly unknown, or bearing local names. _ Kahibitor’s Remarks.—Situation, in the Valley of the Axe, exposed to south-west winds. Soil, alluvium, on blue lias marl beds. A great variety of Apples are grown in this district, the majority being Cider Apples of inferior quality, and unnamed, owing to the practice of buying trees to fill gaps in the orchards at the local market, regardless of any quality except strong growth. Some of these are, after a few years, re-grafted with sorts which flourish in that particular orchard. The Apple most commonly met with is that named “Round Apple.” Several distinct Apples are called ‘‘ Haccombe.”’ Tom Putt is by some called ‘‘ Red Haccombe.”’ Much advantage would accrue to the farmers if the small and worthless sorts were replaced by trees bearing larger-sized fruit. At present, when thereis an abundant crop, the excess remaining after the necessary cider is made is unsaleable, although there is a main line of railway running through the district. Were the quality better, these would find a ready market in London or Bristol. It is reckoned to take 14 bushels of Apples to make a hogshead of cider, which, in a plentiful year, is not worth more than £1. The labour and interest on value of utensils and machinery may be estimated at 5s., so thatit is a question whether cider-making would pay at all. If the Apples cultivated were of marketable sorts, properly picked and packed, the profits would be much greater. At present the fruit is not picked, but allowed to fall, and gathered up into heaps when there is nothing else to do. WESTERN COUNTIES : DEVONSHIRE. 919 8.—Mr. CaarLes Goutp Scuater, Devon Nurseries, Heavitree Bridge, near Exeter. Eziubitor’s Remarks.—Situation, very exposed to the winds from Dartmoor ; soil of two kinds, viz.,one a light sand, the other a red gravel resting on the New Red Sandstone. General Remarks.—The trees are of all ages; as old ones fail, young ones are planted to fillup. They are all Standards, some of them very old. The trees are pruned and thinned every two or three years as they require it; they are principally worked on “ Gribbles.’”’ I find the soil of the Red Sandstone formation is better adapted for apples than the sandy soil, the first being much cleaner and of a better colour. 4.—Messrs. R. T. VertcH & Sons, Nurserymen, Hzeter. Exiubitors’ Remarks.—The Cider varieties are mostly grown in orchard, the others in nursery, on small Pyramid trees on the Crab and English Paradise. The trees are frequently lifted, and get little pruning excepting insummer. Situation exposed, facing the north. Soil, a heavy loam, one foot deep; subsoil, clay. SELECTION OF TWENTY-FOUR VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. - Irish Peach, Devonshire Quarrenden, Borovitzky, Keswick Codlin, Lord Suffield, Kcklinville, King of Pippins, Blenheim, Cellini, American Mother, Peasgood’s Nonesuch, Cox’s Pomona, Warner’s King, Reinette de Canada, Beauty of Wilts, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Cornish Gilliflower, Ribston Pippin, Dumelow’s Seedling, Lane’s Prince Albert, Adams’ Pearmain, Ashmead’s Kernel, Sturmer, Lord Burghley. SELECTION OF TWELVE VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Trish Peach, Blenheim, Ribston Pippin, Lane’s Prince Albert, Keswick Codlin, King of Pippims, Reimette de Canada, Adams’ Pearmain, Heklinville, Cox’s Orange, Cox’s Pomona, Dumelow’s Seedling. | SELECTION oF TEN VARIETIES SUITED FOR MARKET CULTURE. Blenheim, Hollow Core, Warner’s King, Dumelow’s Seedling. Many orchard trees are now being grafted with these sorts. 990 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Varieties of Apples suitable for Cultivation in Devonshire. SELECTED (1883) By Mr. J. GARLAND, Killerton, Hxeter. , A. P. Rogers, Axminster. Messrs. R. T. VertcH & Sons, Hzeter. DrssERtT APPLES. Name ze an | Name Ree Cox’s Orange peue j 3 || Golden Reinette Cornish Gilliflower . Golden Vining . Trish Peach . . || Hubbard’s Pearmain . King of the Pippins 2 || Lemon Pippin . Margil. . Mannington’s Pear- Sturmer Pippin . i MGV aee ‘ Ashmead’s Kernel . McLean’s Favourite Hufait thek Autumn Pearmain . Pine Apple Russet Blenheim Orange . Ross Nonpareil Claygate Pearmain Ribston Pippin rCourt ot Wick) 2 Summer Golden Devonshire Queen . Pp ounten er. GoldensBally a. a Winter Russet . CuLINARY APPLES. No.of | Nigiste Votes Sehoo® es Hawthornden .. . 3 || Gravenstein AdiistOne se) a 4 | John . Dumelow’s Seedling | stim cola sai. Keswick Codlin . | 9 | Manks’ Codlin . HordiSutield ~<. 9.1: || No Core . Warnevr’s King . | Peasgood’s Nonesuch Winter Hawthornden . | Pomeroy. . : 1 Beauty of Kent. . | Reinette de Canada . Bedfordshire Foundling | Royal Somerset Blenheim Orange . . | Somerset Cellini. . A 1 iy); omg P atte hae Keklinville Seedling : | Wellington (Dume- Emperor Alexander . | low’s Seedling) . Golden Ball. . . . | WESTERN COUNTIES : DORSETSHIRE. 221 DORSETSHIRE. EHxiubitors. 1.—Mr. Jonn PowEtt, Gardener to W. HE. Brymer, Esq., Ilsington House, Dorchester. SELECTION OF T'WENTY-FOUR VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Cox’s Pomona, Emperor Alexander, Mother Apple, Cellini, Royal Pearmain, King of the Pippins, Ribston Pippin, Gloria Mundi, Warner’s King, Blenheim Orange, New Hawthornden, Mére de Ménage, Peasgood’s Nonesuch, Kcklinville Pippin, Beauty of Kent, Lady Henniker, Tower of Glamis, Bedfordshire Found- ling, Prince Albert, Green Pippin, Hoary Morning, Betty Geeson, Striped Beefing, Dumelow’s Seedling. SELECTION OF TWELVE VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE. IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Mother Apple, King of the Pippins, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Ribston Pippin, Cornish Aromatic, Old Nonpareil, Blenheim Orange, Bristol Apple, Duke of Devonshire, Melon Apple, Clay- gate Pearmain, Royal Russet. Hzlubitor’s Remarks.—Situation, in walled-in garden, very low and damp. Soil, very light and chalky; subsoil, chalk. General Remarks.—Grown as Espaliers, Bushes, and Cordons, on the Paradise stock. Pinched twice in summer. ‘The greater part of our Apple trees are planted in heavier soil than the natural garden, as the trees soon turn yellow, and are subject to canker in the ordinary soil. 2.—Mr. Wm. Gator, Gardener to H. N. Middleton, Esq., Bradford Peverill, Dorchester. SELECTION OF ‘TWENTY-FOUR VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR. CULTURE IN THE DistRicT, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Oslin, Cellini, Emperor Alexander, Golden Spire, Maltster, King of the Pippins, Golden Winter Pearmain, Forge, Hawthorn- den, Cobham, Cockle’s Pippin, Lemon Pippin, Syke House Russet, Golden Pippin, Alfriston, Winter Peach, Boston Russet, Rose- mary Russet, Duke of Devonshire, Northern Spy, Forfar Pippin, Braddick’s Nonpareil, Golden Harvey, Sturmer Pippin. 229. JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. SELECTION OF TWELVE VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Lord Suffield, Ringer, Paradise Pippin, Cellini, Golden Spire, Keswick Codlin, Ecklinville Pippin, Wadhurst Pippin, Hanwell Souring, Rosemary Russet, Duke of Devonshire, Dumelow’s Seedling. Exhibitor’s Remarks.—Situation, exposed to north-east and east; sheltered from west and north-west by tall forest trees. Soil, light and very thin, but trenched with the chalk to about 2 feet; subsoil, a bed of solid chalk. General Remarks.—Apples are mostly grown here on Bush and Pyramid trees, the greater part of which have been planted from 16 to 20 years, with few exceptions, on a piece of ground set apart for an orchard, which is very poor. We have a few Kspaliers round the vegetable quarters with a little better soil, which generally crop well. They are principally grafted on the Paradise stock, a few on the Crab. I find the Pommier du Paradis a good stock for this light thin soil, it beg surface- rooting. Apples are not much grown in this neighbourhood, it is not a fruit district. The markets about here draw their supplies chiefly from Somerset and from the Channel Isles. There are a few orchards in the valleys, the fruit of which is ‘principally used for making cider. We are situated here some- thing like 200 feet above the bed of the river, and rather exposed to the south-west gales from off the English Channel, which are often very destructive to the fruit crops, and the trees are very subject to be covered with lichens. The Apples in this neigh- bourhood are very small this year, some varieties being not more than half their average size. 3.—Mr. W. PRAGNELL, Gardener to J. D. Wingfield Digby, Esq., Sherborne Castle, Dorset. Observations.—A very fine collection of good fruit. Eixhibitor’s Remarks.—Fruit chiefly from the Cordon trained trees, nearly all being grafted on the French Paradise. All are pruned summer and winter. ‘The neighbourhood generally is too exposed for market purposes, but, in sheltered spots, Apples could be cultivated to the farmer’s advantage. Situation, in walled garden, well sheltered from the east, but very exposed to the north-west winds. Soil, heavy and retentive, about 2 feet in depth, on limestone subsoil. General Remarks.—I am greatly in favour of the Cordon training principle. Here we have a small walled-in garden, 70 yards square, laid out in four squares, with three rows of trees WESTERN COUNTIES : GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 993 round each, the first being 1 foot from the walk and 1 foot high; the second, 2 feet behind the front one and 18 inches high; the third, 2 feet behind the middle one and 2 feet from the ground, which gives the garden a very neat appearance, as may be imagined, when they are in full bloom, as also when in fruit. They with- stood the storm of Saturday, April 29, 1882, remarkably well, and gave us a splendid crop; in fact, we gathered more fruit from them than there was in all the gardens for miles round Sherborne, and we have a grand crop again this year. SELECTION OF TWENTY-FOUR VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Benoni, Duchess of Oldenburg, Lord Suffield, Kerry Pippin, Manks’ Codlin, Yellow Ingestrie, Ecklinville, Cox’s Pomona, Golden Winter Pearmain (or King of the Pippins), Cox’s Orange Pippin, Lady Henniker, Scarlet Nonpareil, Golden Noble, Lemon Pippin, Northern Greening, Claygate Pearmain, Blenheim Pippin, Beston Russet, Lord Burghley, Dutch Mignonne, Dumelow’s Seedling, Brickley’s Seedling, Alfriston, Sturmer Pippin. SELECTION OF TWELVE VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Kerry Pippin, Lord Suffield, Ecklinville, Golden Winter Pear- main (or King of the Pippins), Cox’s Pomona, Cox’s Orange _ Pippin, Lemon Pippin, Lord Burghley, Dutch Mignonne, Dume- low’s Seedling, Alfriston, Sturmer Pippin. SELECTION OF TEN VARIETIES SUITED FOR Market CULTURE. Duchess of Oldenburg, Manks’ Codlin, Kcklinville, Cellini, Cox’s Pomona, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Lady Henniker, Golden Winter Pearmain (or King of the Pippins), Blenheim Pippin, Tom Putt. : GLOUCESTERSHIRE. Hahibitors. 1.—Messrs. J. JEFFERIES & Sons, Nurserymen, Cirencester. Observations. —Hxamples very large and finely grown. Exhibitors’ Remarks.—The Apples were grown on Standards and Pyramids, on the Crab and Paradise stocks, respectively. Situation, much exposed. Soil, principally stone brash. 224 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. SELECTION OF T'WENTY-FOUR VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE DistRICT, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Quarrenden, Duchess of Oldenburg, Lord Suffield, Cellini, Stirling Castle, Worcester Pearmain, Warner’s King, Grenadier, Pott’s Seedling, Kerry Pippin, Peasgood’s Nonesuch, Small’s Admirable, Cox’s Orange Pippin, King of Pippins, Mére de Ménage, Blenheim Pippin, Ribston Pippin, Reinette de Canada, Tower of Glamis, Wellington, Margil, Hanwell Souring, Dutch Mignonne, Wyken Pippin. SELECTION OF TWELVE VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Duchess of Oldenburg, Lord Suffield, Cellini, Stirling Castle, Worcester Pearmain, Pott’s Seedling, Kerry Pippin, Cox’s Orange, King of Pippins, Blenheim Pippin, Ribston Pippin, Wellington. SELECTION OF TEN VARIETIES SUITED FOR MARKET CULTURE. Very few Apples are grown for market in this district ; the following would be profitable: Duchess of Oldenburg, Lord Suffield, Cellini, Stirling Castle, Worcester Pearmain, Pott’s Seedling, Cox’s Orange Pippin, King of Pippins, Warner’s King, Wellington. 2.—Mr.T. SHiInaLEs, Gardener to the Earl of Ducie, Tortworth. Observations.—A remarkably fine, well-grown lot of fruit. Exhibitor’s Remarks.—Situation, sheltered by plantations of tall trees ; soil, a sandy loam resting on the Old Red Sandstone. General Remarks.—Most of the trees are on the Crab stock, part grown as Bush trees, part as Standards. Bush trees are generally closely pruned, Standards are annually thinned. SELECTION OF TWENTY-FOUR VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Trish Peach, Lord Suffield, Keswick Codlin, Manks’ Codlin, Ecklinville Seedling, Frogmore Prolific, Kerry Pippin, Cellini, King of Pippins, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Stirling Castle, Warner’s King, Adams’ Pearmain, Dumelow’s Seedling, Blenheim Orange, Bess Pool, Tower of Glamis, Golden Noble, Winter Haw- thornden, Stone’s Apple, Round Winter Nonesuch, Duke of Devonshire, Ashmead’s Kernel, Annie Elizabeth. WESTERN COUNTIES : GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 995 SELECTION OF TWELVE VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Trish Peach, Lord Suffield, Kcklinville Seedling, Frogmore Prolific, King of the Pippins, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Dumelow’s Seedling, Blenheim Orange, Bess Pool, Tower of Glamis, Winter Hawthornden, Stone Apple. SELECTION OF TEN VARIETIES SUITED FOR MARKET CULTURE. Lord Suffield, Keswick Codlin, King of Pippins, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Blenheim Orange, Warner’s King, Bess Pool, Tom Putt, Dumelow’s Seedling, Stirling Castle. Generally speaking this is not a marketing district. : 3.—Messrs. WHEELER & Sons, Nurserymen, Gloucester. Observations.—A very clear-skinned, well-grown collection. Exhibitors’ Remarks.—Grown on Pyramid and Bush trees from 8 to 5 years of age, grafted on the Paradise stock. Situation, in open quarters in nursery;. soil, light; subsoil, gravel. Trees grown in the form of Pyramids or Bushes occupy but a small space in the garden, and at the same time are very productive, and of an attractive appearance. They are worthy of extended cultivation in this form. List of Varieties of Apples suitable for Cultivation in Gloucestershire. SELECTED (1883) BY Messrs. J. JEFFERIES & Sons, Cirencester. Mr. T. Suinexes, Tortworth Court, Gloucester. Messrs. J. C. WHEELER & SONS, Gloucester. DrssERT APPLES. No. of No. of CHEE Votes lzuutle | Votes Ashmead’s Kernel . DevonshireQuarrenden Cox’s Orange Pippin Duke of Devonshire . King of the Eippms 3 Mearays ieippim =... Margil . we Lamb Abbey Pear- Ribston Pippin. . TAVITA ss Court Pendu Plat . London Pippin duct 1 Trish Peach ; 9 Old Nonpareil . : Kerry Pippin Scarlet Nonpareil 3 Wyken Pippin a Sturmer Pippin Adams’ Pearmain . Wormsley Pippin . Braddick’s Nonpareil . ee Yellow Ingestrie . 99°6 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. CULINARY APPLES. ee ee Blenheim Orange . . Mére de Ménage Dumelow’s Seedling . 3 Peasgood’s Nonesuch Lord Suffield Reinette de Canada . Warner’s King . . . Rymer . : we Cellini. . “ iene: S Apple , Keklinville Seedling : 9 Tower of Glamis . . 1 Keswick Codlin . Wadhurst Pippin . Stirling Castle . .. Waltham Abbey Annie Elizabeth . . Seedling... 0). Brabant Bellefleur. . Wellington (Dume- Golden Noble . . . 1 low’s Seedling) . Hawthornden .. . Yorkshire Beauty . Lord Derby . HEREFORDSHIRE. EHazhibitors. 1_—TuHe Cranston Nursery Company, Hereford. Observations.—A most comprehensive and complete collec- tion, inclusive of the Cider varieties, many of the examples being of large size and very handsome in appearance. Exhibitors’ Remarks.—The finest and best fruits exhibited by us were from young Bush and Pyramid trees, from 6 to 8 years old; but some were taken from ordinary orchard Stand-- ards from 15 to 20 years old. Some are grafted on English Paradise, but chiefly on ordinary Crab stock. Situation, rather exposed, with a north aspect. foil, strong retentive loam, on clay subsoil. 9,—Mr. J. Hartpann, Canon Frome Court, Ledbury, Hereford. Observations.—Examples excellent, and finely coloured. Exhibitor's Remarks.—The soil here is a very heavy clayey loam. ‘The situation is low and damp, on the River Frome, WESTERN COUNTIES : HEREFORDSHIRE. ; 997 barely out of the reach of floods, consequently fruit trees do not thrive. Some varieties, especially the Ribston Pippin, canker badly. No Apples are specially grown for market in this neighbour- hood, but dealers from Birmingham and elsewhere now buy upa quantity of the finest Cider Apples. The varieties are mostly of small size, but any of medium size that will boil well are bought. The only well-known variety grown is Blenheim Orange, and that not largely ; it is rather an uncertain bearer, but the fruit always commands a good price. Other varieties are sold at a very low price. General Remarks.—There is practically no cultivation, the orchards around here being in a sadly neglected state, mostly large standard trees on grass land, grazed by cattle. Little or no pruning is done, and the trees in most cases are densely covered with moss and lichen. Crop very uncertain and irregular. 3.—Mr. T. Parxer, Moreton Court, Hereford. Observations.—Examples very fine. Exhibitor’s Remarks.—These Apples were grown in the Tugg Valley; situation sheltered. Soil, a deep loam, on a sand- stone rock. The variety named Tyler’s Kernel was, I believe, sent here from the neighbourhood of Ledbury. It has been bearing some splendid fruit for the past two years; the tree is a strong grower, and the fruit keeps well till April. 4.—Mr. W. Srvytes, The Gardens, Brampton, Bryan Hall, Hereford. Exhibitor's Remarks.—All grown on old Standards. Situa- tion, sheltered. Soil, very ight; subsoil, gravel. Our Apples are always small. Varieties of Apples suitable for Cultivation in Herefordshire. SELECTED (1883) By THE CRANSTON Nursery Company, King’s Acre, Hereford. Mr. T. Parker, Moreton Court, Hereford. » W. Stytes, Brampton, Bryan Hall, Hereford. P2 228 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. DEssERT APPLES. . No. of Uae Votes Adams’ Pearmain . . Court Pendu Plat . . Crimson Queening. . | 9 King of the Pippins . |! Old Nonpareil : | Ribston Pippin . ; Blenheim Orange Brownlee’s Russet . Cockle’s Pippin . Devonshire Quarr enden 1 Downton Nonpareil Downton Pippin SSL PRESS. se kes ee ee Harvest CULINARY No. of Bletane: Votes Blenheim Orange : 9 Warner’s King . ‘ | Catshead . : aoe) Dumelow’s Seedling ase Tom Putt. eile Winter Greening : bess ool. a Duchess of Oldenburg : | Eceklinville Seedling 1 Golden Noble Hawthornden, New Herefordshire Beefing . No. of Name Votes Karly Nonpareil Fearn’s Pippin Golden Pippin. Hughes’ N ee Oslin ay : Red J uneating . tee 1 Red Streak . : Royal Pearmain Royal Russet Scarlet Nonpareil . Syke House Russet . Yellow Ingestrie 5 APPLES. Name Lord Derby. Lord Grosvenor Lord Suffield Northern Greening Old Hawthornden Parker’s Greening . if Red Hawthornden Ringer . . : Stirling Castle . Tyler’s Kernel . Tower of Glamis . WESTERN COUNTIES : MONMOUTHSHIRE. 999 MONMOUTHSHIRE. Exhibitors. 1.—Mr. Tuomas CoomsBeEr, The Hendre Gardens, Monmouth. SELECTION OF TWENTY-FOUR VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE DistRicT, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Trish Peach, Red Astrachan, Lady Sudeley, Lord Suffield, Keswick Codlin, Golden Noble, Stirling Castle, Hawthornden, Cellini, Cox’s Pomona, Warner’s King, Ecklinville Seedling, Emperor Alexander, Mére de Ménage, Blenheim Pippin, Cox’s Orange Pippin, King of the Pippins, Dumelow’s Seedling, Man- nington’s Pearmain, Northern Greening, Reinette de Canada, Court Pendu Plat, Scarlet Nonpareil, Sturmer Pippin. SELECTION OF TWELVE VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Irish Peach, Lord Suffield, Stirling Castle, Hawthornden, Cellini, Warner’s King, Mére de Ménage, Blenheim Pippin, Cox’s Orange Pippin, King of Pippins, Court Pendu Plat, Stur- mer Pippin. SELECTION OF TEN VARIETIES SUITED FOR MARKET CULTURE. Trish Peach, Lord Suffield, Hawthornden, Cellini, Warner’s King, Blenheim Pippin, King of the Pippins, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Golden Noble, Mere de Ménage. Hixhibitor’s Remarks.—There are but few Apples grown for market in this district. Situation moderately sheltered. Soil, cold clayey loam; subsoil, marl. General Remarks.—The Apples exhibited were mostly grown - upon Standard trees 20 and more years old, in an orchard which is moderately sheltered from the north and west, otherwise exposed. Very little manure is afforded other than that derived from sheep or calves when grazing the grass. The stock employed is the ordinary Crab, upon which growth is freely made. In pruning, all dead wood is removed, and superfluous growths are cut away. In this neighbourhood much cider fruit is cultivated, whilst dessert varieties are neglected. The trees in many orchards are old, and young ones are not planted to the extent they ought to be. 2.—Mr. W. JENKINS, The Willows, Abergavenny. Observations.—Remarkable for the high colouring of all the specimens. : Exhibitor’s Remarks.—Fruit gathered from trees of various ages, some of them 70 years old, and grafted on the Crab; some 230 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. of the younger trees being on the French Paradise. Situation of garden, sheltered from the north, with south aspect. Soil, a light loam, with a subsoil of Old Red Sandstone formation. Varieties of Apples suitable for Cultivation in Monmouthshire. SELECTED BY Mr. W. Jenxins, Abergavenny. Dessert.—Court Pendu Plat, Devonshire Quarrenden, Fearn’s Pippin, Guernsey Pippin, Irish Peach, King of the Pippins, Mon- mouthshire Beauty, Pearmain, Pitmaston Pine Apple, Reinette de Canada, Scarlet Nonpareil, Worcester Pearmain. Culinary.— Blenheim Orange, Cellini, Dumelow’s Seedhng, Emperor Aiexander, Lord Suffield, London Codlin, Monmouth- shire Beauty, New Hawthornden, Warner’s King, Western Seedling, Yorkshire Beauty. SHROPSHIRE. Halibitors. 1.—Mr. Ricuarp Mitner, Sundorne Gardens, Shrewsbury. SELECTION OF ‘TWENTY-FOUR VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE DistRIcT, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Blenheim Pippin, Claygate Pearmain, Cornish Gilliflower, Fearn’s Pippin, Cox’s Orange Pippin, King of the Pippins, Ribston Pippin, Lord Burghley, Margil, Irish Peach, Sam Young, Pearson’s Plate, Lord Suffield, Hawthornden, Stirling Casile, Dumelow’s Seedling, Mére de Ménage, Waltham Abbey Seedling, Emperor Alexander, Cellini, Golden Noble, Manks’ Codlin, Kentish Fillbasket, Beauty of Kent. Situation, sheltered from the north, east, and west winds. Soil, heavy; subsoil, clay. 2.—Mr. A. 8S. Kemp, Gardener to P. J. Brooke, Esq., Haughton, Shifnal, Shropshire. Observations.—Fruit small, and deficient in colour. Hizhibitor’s Remarks.—We grow our trees in a great variety of forms, Standard, Bush, Pyramid, Espalier, Cordon, &c.; the average age would be about 80 years, many being much older. Situation of orchard, partially shaded by tall trees from the after- noon sun, hence the deficiency in the colour of the fruit. Soil, a good strong loam, upon grayelly subsoil. WESTERN COUNTIES : SOMERSETSHIRE. 931 Varieties of Apples suitable for Cultivation in Shropshire. SELECTED BY Mr. A.S. Kemp, Shifnal. Dessert.—Aromatic Russet, Blenheim Orange, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Cornish Gilliflower, Herefordshire Pearmain, King of the Pippins, Red Astrachan, Ribston Pippin, Royal Russet, Whorle Pippin, Wyken Pippin, Yellow Ingestrie. Culinary.—Bess Pool, Blenheim Orange, Cox’s Pomona, Dumelow’s Seedling, ives Seedling, Greenup’s Pippin, Hawthornden, Keswick Codlin, Lord Suffield, Manks’ Codlin, Norfolk Bearer, Norfolk Stone Pippin, Tower of Glamis, Waltham Abbey Seedling. SOMERSETSHIRE. Halwbitors. 1.—Mr. R. H. Pornrser, Nurseryman, Taunton. Observations.x—A remarkably fine and most interesting col- lection, many of the examples being large and very highly coloured. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Grown mostly on old Standard trees, in the orchards in this district. Situation, generally exposed. ‘The greater portion of the Apples are here erafted on what is called “The Morgan Sweet’’ Apple, which is, when young, a very strong grower, and makes a fine young market tree; our Apple-tree nurserymen growing the grandest trees for sale in England, and chiefly of this variety, Morgan Sweet. Trees are offered of all sorts, but the farmer generally finds he has to re-graft if he wants a good kind. The Seedling Apple stocks are grown on good but thin soil, on a gravel sub- soul, heavily mulched with rotted gorse and fern, and carefully attended to for about 4 or 5 years from first crafting, The marketable tree is, in roots and tops, as near perfection as is attainable, having a nice clean trained head, a straight, smooth stem, and fine spreading fibrous roots. ‘This is, no doubt, a fine district for Apple growing, and there are numberless very fine old orchards; but there are no growers so-called, and when the farmers renew old trees, it is almost ‘‘ Hobson’s choice,” viz., Morgan Sweet; as from 25 years’ experience here, I have rarely heard of ‘‘wildings,” 7.e. Apples raised from the pips, being specially erown and prepared for orchard renewals; but which, I believe, is the custom for Cider orchards in Worcester, Gloucester, &c. Devonshire follows suit with us. I believe there has been less inquiry for named best sorts of Apples hereabouts than in any other district in England. . 932 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 2.—Mr. J. Scort, Crewkerne Nurseries, Somerset. Observations.—Examples very small. Exhibitor's Remarks.—All gathered from small Bush trees (with the exception of the Cider linds) from 38 to 5 years old, mostly grafted on the Crab stock; a few from trees grafted on Scott’s Pommier du Paradis. Situation, exposed, with not the slightest shelter, and open to north and east winds. Soil, very sandy and easily worked ; subsoil, to the depth of 20 to 30 feet, a yellow sand. Varieties of Apples suitable for Cultivation in Somersetshire. SELECTED (1888) BY Mr. R. H. Poynter, The Nursery, Taunton. » J. scorr, Merriott, Crewkerne. DESSERT APPLES. : Name Woke Name Totes Blenheim Orange . . Golden Ducat . Cox’s Orange Pippin . | Golden Winter Pear- King of the ree : : Nonpareil . : 2, main | Trish Peach. ‘Ribston Pippin . ondon Pippa: yest Ashmead’s Kernel. . Mannington’s Pear- Cellinize 20 epee i | main : Courijot Wick i. =. | Powell’s Russet [DIAZ Lest ovo Gy oe: Tom Putt CULINARY APPLES. Nite No.of Name No.of Votes Votes Blenheim eee Hawthornden 2 Lord Derby. . Keswick Codlin . Lord Suffield . | Golden Noble . Alfriston .. isa Manks’ Codlin. | [ iq Cellanny cae. New Hawthornden .}| 1 Duke of Wellington Pott’s Seedling . . | Went c Roundway Magnum Flanders Pippin | Bonum Frogmore Prolific . | Tom Putt WESTERN COUNTIES : WORCESTERSHIRE. : 933 WORCESTERSHIRE. Hahibitors. 1.—Mr. BE. Cocxsitt, Wick House, Pershore. Observations.—Examples large, and remarkable for high colouring. Halubitor’s Remarks.—Grown on Standard trees, grafted high, so as to be out of the reach of cattle ; chiefly on very old stocks. Situation, exposed, slightly inclining to the north. Soil, a sandy loam resting on gravel. 2.—Mr. WinuiaAm Crump, Madresfield Court, Malvern. SELECTION OF TWENTY-FOUR VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Culinary.—Lord Suffield, Stirlmg Castle, Cellini Pippin, Peasgood’s Nonesuch, Lord Derby, New Hawthornden, Pott’s Seedling, Warner’s King, Lane’s Prince Albert, Flanders Pippin, Dumelow’s Seedling, Newland Sack. Dessert.—Worcester Pearmain, Strawberry Pippin, King of Pippins, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Ribston Pippin, Blenheim Pippin, Golden Reinette, Adams’ Pearmain, Carraway Russet, Brownlee’s Russett, Sturmer Pippin, May Queen. Hzhbitors Remarks.—Situation, exposed, 185 feet above sea- level. - Soil, heavy, strong, approaching to clay. General Remarks.—All from Free or Crab stocks, which are frequently lifted. About 160 kinds are grown; many of the samples are from Orchard-grown trees on grass, a few kinds from Bush and Pyramid trees. 3.—My. J. Hiam, Astwood Bank, Redditch, Worcestershire. Exhibitors Remarks.—The Apples are from various forms of trees, chiefly of the Crab stock. Situation, mostly exposed. Soil, variable, chiefly a light sandy loam, in part on a tenacious red clay subsoil. 4,—Messrs. RicHarp, Smitu, & Co., Nurserymen, Worcester. Halibitors’ Remarks.—Grown on Standard trees on the Apple stock. Situation, exposed. Soil, a sandy loam; subsoil, red sand and gravel. The majority of the orchards in this county— and it is hardly necessary to say there are very many—are out of date. Smith’s Pippin we think very highly of. It is a wonderful keeper, and its flavour in tarts is exquisite. The tree is a sure and abundant bearer. 934. JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. SELECTION OF TWENTY-FOUR VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Devonshire Quarrenden, Worcester Pearmain, Irish Peach, Yellow Ingestrie, Lord Suffield, Keswick Codlin, Ecklinville Seedling, Cellini, Cox’s Pomona, Emperor Alexander, Golden Winter Pearmain, Golden Noble, Yorkshire Beauty, Beauty of Kent, Lane’s Prince Albert, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Ribston Pippin, Ashmead’s Kernel Improved, Adams’ Pearmain, Blenheim Orange, Dumelow’s Seedling, Warner’s King, Annie Elizabeth, Sturmer Pippin. SELECTION OF TWELVE VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Devonshire Quarrenden, Worcester Pearmain, Irish Peach, Keswick Codlin, Ecklinville, Cellini, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Golden Winter Pearmain, Golden Noble, Dumelow’s Seedling, Warner’s King, Annie Elizabeth. | SELECTION OF TEN VARIETIES SUITED FOR MARKET CULTURE. Worcester Pearmain, Keswick Codlin, Lord Suffield, Warner’s King, Ecklinville Seedling, Worcester Fillbasket, Emperor Alex- ander, Dumelow’s Seedling, Golden Winter Pearmain, Cox’s Orange Pippin. 5.—Tuomas SoutHanu, South Bank, Worcester. SELECTION OF TWENTY-FOUR VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Baxter’s Favourite, Blenheim Orange, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Emperor Alexander, Forfar Pippin, Forge, Golden Winter Pear- main, Tom Putt, Worcester Pearmain, Court Pendu Plat, Dumelow’s Seedling, Keddleston Pippin, Rushock Pearmain, Winter Peach, Winter Quoining, Gravenstein, Hawthornden, Maltster, May Queen, Prince’s Pippin, Pitmaston Russet, Cellini, Stirling Castle. Halubitor’s Remarks.—Situation, rather sheltered. Soil, good loam, with a subsoil of marl. General Remarks.—All grown on Standards in orchard used as kitchen garden. Planted about 23 years ago, and pruned occasionally. WESTERN COUNTIES : WORCESTERSHIRE, 235 List of Varieties of Apples suitable for Cultivation in Worcestershire. SELECTED (1888) By Messrs. R. Smite & Co., Worcester. Mr. E. Cocxpitty, Pershore. » J. Hiam, Astwood. Bank, Redditch. DrEssERT APPLES. oe fet] me ia Cox’s Orange Pippin . | King of the Pippins . Devonshire Quarrenden | Mannington’s Pear- Trish Peach [ aeniia nate Kerry Pippin 2 | Margil Red Astrachan . | Prince’s Pippin Ribston Pippin . | Scarlet Pearmain . 1 Worcester Pearmain . | Sturmer Pippin Blenheim Orange . _ White Transparent Duke of Devonshire | Woodhill (Local) . Karly Strawberry . . [| 1 || Wyken Pippin . Golden Nonpareil . . [| | Yorkshire Beauty . Golden Winter Pear- | MMM es. CuniInary APPLES. Nore (NGC Name os Blenheim Orange . . ) | Gloria Mundi . Keswick Codlin . . || 8 || Hanwell Souring . Lord Suffield. . . .)| | Nelson’s Glory Dumelow’s Seedling | | (Warner’s King) Golden Noble | 2 || Normanton Wonder . Stirhng Castle | | Peasgood’s Nonesuch 1 Beauty of Kent . | | Red Hawthornden Copham . . | || Tom Putt Keklinyille Seedling | 1 || Tower of Glamis . Forester . . | | Warner's King . . Golden Spire | | White Hawthornden Cl OWoaronV 3. NORTHERN 1. DURHAM .. 2. LANCASHIRE 3. WESTMORELAND 4, YORKSHIRE COUNTS: PAGH. 1. 2039 .. 239 .. 241 .. 242 NORTHERN COUNTIES : DURHAM, LANCASHIRE. 939 DURHAM. Hahibitor. 1.—Mr. F. C. Forp, Durham Gardeners’ Institute, Darlington. Fizhibitor’s Remarks.—Grown in garden—part of which lies rather low—exposed to south and west, but sheltered on other sides. Soil, a heavy clay, in some parts not more than 6 inches deep. This has been much improved by trenching, and the application of liberal dressings of lime and farmyard manure; the subsoil is a very heavy blue and yellow clay, with stones. Varieties of Apples suitable for Cultivation in Durham. SELECTED By Mr. F. C. Forp, Gardeners’ Institute, Darlington. Dessert Apples. — Adams’ Pearmain, Blenheim Orange, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Fearn’s Pippin, Golden Pippin, Golden Winter Pearmain, Ivish Peach, Kerry Pippin, King of the Pippins, Red Astrachan, Ribston Pippin, Warner’s Pippin. Culinary Apples.—Bedfordshire Foundling, Cellini, Dume- low’s Seedling, Ecklinville Seedling, Emperor Alexander, George the Fourth, Hawthornden, Lord Grosvenor, Lord Suffield, Melon, Pott’s Seedling, Warner’s King. LANCASHIRE. Haluibitors. 1.—Mr. J. Hatuaway, Lathom House Gardens, Ormskirk. - Halubitor’s Remarks.—Most of the trees here are about 80 - years old, of Bush shape, on the Crab stock. A few planted since are Standards on the Paradise. Situation, low and damp, well sheltered by belt of forest trees, and shaded on the south- east. Soil, poor, black, and very sandy, about 18 inches deep; subsoil, a strong yellow and very adhesive clay. I consider King of the Pippins the best all-round Apple for this district, as it scarcely ever misses cropping. I think trees do better here on the Crab than on any other stock. | 2.—Mr. R. Marius, Mythop Nurseries, Lytham, Lancashire. Hahwbitor’s Remarks.—Apples mostly grown on Standard trees, about 14 years old. Situation, open, half a mile from the 940 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. sea. Soil, a light sandy loam. The varieties J have named I consider the best dessert and culinary kinds for this neighbour- hood. Bitter Sweet, so called from having the rind slightly bitter, is a good eating Apple; and Royal Shepherd i is one of the best late kitchen I have or know. 3.—Mr. W. P. Roserts, The Gardens, Cuerden Hall, Preston. Observations.—Fruit small and deficient in colour. Exhibitor's Remarks.—-Our trees are all Bush or Dwarf Standard, and are mostly old. Situation, well sheltered. Soil, a sandy and rather wet clay, which is aggravated by the absence of surface drains for the walks, the water percolating into the ground where not wanted. The soil round our Apple trees had been dug one spade in depth and no more, and cropped up to their stems until three years ago; since then, the ground has been trenched 2 feet deep, or dug, as required, to within 5 or 6 feet of their stems, and the other part simply hoed. I believe that the trees have benefited by this. Trenching allows the water to pass through more freely, and conducts it so much further away from the surface. Varieties of Apples suitable for Cultivation in Lancashire. SELECTED (1883) By My. J. Hatuaway, Lathom House, Ormskirk. R. Maries, Nurseryman, Lytham. 3) DrEssERT APPLES. c Jo. of | : Name = é is Name ae King of the Pippins . 3 || Juneating Early Margaret. . . 2 || Lady Derby Alms House Pippin . Lemon Pippin . Bitter Sweet. . . . || Lord Lennox Blenheim Orange . . || Manks’ Codlin . Claygate Pearmain. . Mannington’sPearmain Courttoh Wick @. 2) «715 Ribston Pippin Court Pendu Plat . . Sturmer Pippin Cox’s Orange Pippin . | Winter Calville Golden Drop ~.9 =. = Yellow Ingestrie . Irish Peach . : NORTHERN COUNTIES : WESTMORELAND. 941 CuLINARY APPLES. No. of No. £ Name Votes ome Terres Mordtsuimeldy) 5. . 5) Grenadier Keswick Codlin. . . Hawthornden . Livesey’s Scotch Lord Derby Bridget. . Se 9 Eomsdios. Manks’ Codlin . . . New Hawthornden Pott’s Seedling. . . Norfolk Bearer. 7 Warmers King .- ... Ringer . Cellimi . .. : Royal Shepherd Court Pendu Plat . . Ryland Surprise . CoxsyPomona . . . 1 Tower of Glamis . Emperor Alexander . White Calville Ce Golden Noble a WESTMORELAND. Exhibitor. 1.—Mr. CHARLES CROSSLAND, Gardener, Beachwood, Arnside, Westmoreland. Observations.—An extremely interesting collection of old English Apples now seldom to be met with. The examples were all small, very deficient in colouring, being green and unripe locking, and all more or less acid. Hahibitor’s Remarks.—Grown on old Standard trees, planted in the year 1776, and grafted on the Crab stock. Situation, on the seashore, with a north aspect, very much exposed, suffering much from west winds, and receiving no sun before midday. Soil, 12 inches of moderate loam; subsoil, a reddish clay, wet and poor. The orchard at Beachwood does not at present show a great amount of culture. It had been allowed to run almost wild until a few years ago. The Apples I have sent may not be as fine as might be anticipated, but as they are gathered from such old trees, much finer could not be expected. The Apples named are varieties I should select if I were going to plant a new orchard, provided they were all worked on the Crab stock. I consider the Crab stock the only one fit for this locality, as several varieties on other stocks canker very much here. The same varieties have been grown on the Beachwood estate for over 200 years, and yielded some remarkably heavy crops and fine fruit when cultivated by a Mr. Saul, a great lover of orchard culture, and a former owner of Beachwood. Mr. Saul always used the Crab stock. Q 949, JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Varieties of Apples suitable for Cultivation in Westmoreland. SELECTED By Mr. C. CrossnuanpD, Beachwood, Arnside. Dessert Apples.—Court Pendu Plat, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Trish Peach, Kerry Pippin, King of the Pippins, Margil, Newtown Pippin, Red Astrachan, Ribston Pippin, Scarlet Nonpareil, Sturmer Pippin, Syke House Russet. Culinary Apples.—Bedfordshire Foundling, Keswick Codlin, King Apple, Lord Suffield, Nelson’s Glory (Warner’s King), Normanton Wonder (Dumelow’s Seedling), Northern Greening, Northern Spy, Prussian Pippin, Ringer, Royal Russet, Scotch Bridget. YORKSHIRE. Hxhibitors. F1.-—Mr. J. Bourne, Priory Gardens, Longhill, Guisborough. Observations.—Examples small and deficient in colour. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Grown on Stardard and Bush trees, some of them being very old. Situation, rather sheltered. Soil, a sandy loam; subsoil, gravel. Our garden is situated near the town of Guisborough. It is a very old garden, on some parts of which stood the Guisborough Priory. The Cockpit does very well here; also Lord Suffield and Keswick Codlin. Really good- flavoured Desert Apples are very difficult to obtain in the open. é 9.—Mr. W. Cuucsr, The Gardens, Brodsworth Hall, Doncaster, Yorks. Observations.—Fruit small and deficient in colouring. Hahibitor s Remarks.—Most of the trees are 27 years old, being nearly all Bush or Pyramid, chiefly grafted on the Paradise stock. Some of the varieties are very free bearers, but subject. to canker. Situation, in a valley running east and west, subject to very sweeping gusty winds. Soil, calcareous, resting upon magnesian limestone. The trees are subject very much in dry seasons to red spider attacks. We have many good varieties in our collection of 100; Peasgood’s Nonesuch was very good last year, but our trees being young they bore no fruit this season. Northern Spy is now beginning to bear freely, having hitherto been shy; it keeps well. Some of our trees are cankering badly ; NORTHERN COUNTIES : YORKSHIRE. 243 Ribston Pippin, Alfriston, St. Sauveur, Lord Burghley, Pearson’s Plate, Hawthornden, and Lord Suffield being about the worst in that respect. SELECTION OF ‘TWENTY-FOUR VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Dessert.—Red Astrachan, Devonshire Quarrenden, King of the Pippins, Blenheim Orange, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Ribston Pippin Mannington’s Pearmain, Reinette de Canada, Fearn’s Pippin, Scarlet Nonpareil, Duke of Devonshire, Sturmer Pippin. Kitchen.—Lord Suffield, Ecklinville Pippin, Stirling Castle, Keswick Codlin, Cox’s Pomona, Peasgood’s Nonesuch, Mére de Ménage, Nonesuch, Tower of Glamis, Alfriston, Northern Green- ing, Dumelow’s Seedling. 3.—Mr. H.J. Crayton, Zhe Gardens, Grimston Park, Tadcaster, Yorks. Hahibitor’s Remarks.—Grown mostly on Standard and dwarf Bush-shaped trees, slightly pruned, and not hard spurred in. Taking all points into consideration, we consider this form the best, both for private useand market. The best fruit is obtained from young trees 10 to 12 years old. The trees are all on the Crab stock. Situation, sheltered from north and east. We find that if it be fully exposed to the south-west much fruit is lost by the winds. Soil, one part good and loamy, resting on mag- nesian limestone, the other on alluvial soil; subsoil, sandy, in some cases a deep warpy loam, just above the water mark of periodical flooding of the River Wharf. Grown in the latter condition the fruit is generally very fine for the north. I have known 40 stones of fruit picked from a tree of so-called Red Balsam, or Scarlet Cockpit. To-day, October 12, we have picked 85 stones from a Standard tree of Lewis's Incomparable. There is a good deal of fruit grown hereabouts considering the latitude. I have been trying to induce those most. interested to plant more Apples for some years past. Standards are the most liked, because the ground beneath can be cropped or laid down in grass, the cattle not damaging the trees to any extent. For my own part I prefer Bush-shaped trees, if the fruit alone is to be considered, because of the ease in gathering the fruit, and because the trees are ready of access, they can be more regularly pruned, and will consequently produce finer fruit—an important advantage. Further, there would not be such heavy losses by winds in the autumn. For choice dessert Apples I do not think there is a more profitable way to grow them than by Espaliers. Pyramidal-shaped trees we do not care much about, unless the natural habit of the tree causes it to grow in that Q2 244 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. form. I ought to mention that we are here much more favour- ably situated than others in many other parts of Yorkshire as to altitude, being about 100 feet above the sea-level. 4,—Mr. J. McoInvor, Gardener to Sir Joseph Pease, Bart., M.P., Hutton Hall, Guisborough. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Grown on Standard trees about 10 years old, grafted on the Crab stock. Hutton Hall Gardens are comparatively new. The situation is seven miles inland, 400 feet above sea-level, and we have no old timber in the park. The gardens are much exposed to gales off the North Sea. The average rainfall is 89 inches per annum. The soil may be described as argillaceous, pure and simple; the subsoil consists of hard blue and yellow clay. By draining, trenching, limeing, manuring, and adding large quantities of sea sand, it has been much improved, and now grows excellent vegetables as well as Apple trees. The cold and sunless weather we had during July and the last four weeks will account for the want of colour in the fruit. 5.—Messrs. J. SLATER & Sons, Malton, North Yorkshire. Observations.—An interesting representative collection of the most approved Apples of North Yorkshire. Explanatory tickets were attached stating the nature of the soil in which grown, habit and growth of trees, bearing properties, &c. Exhibitors’ Remarks.—All fruit from open Standards, many of them from old trees, grafted on the Crab, mostly grown in the valleys of Derwent and Rye, and partially sheltered. Soil, a rich alluvial loam and clay on the Kimmeridge clay, lying between oolite ranges of hill and chalk. The Cockpit and Keswick Codlin are the most universally grown as culinary Apples in the district; both are very hardy, bear abundantly, and thrive in almost all situations. Lord Suffield requires shelter, likewise Alexander, but in good situations both are fine, early kinds. Hcklinville is one of recent introduction in the district, is very hardy, and likely to prove a useful variety for early autumn. For dessert sorts the Ribston Pippin requires a well-drained soil. Golden Reinette bears abundantly, and is a hardy and vigorous tree. Blenheim Orange is much grown; the tree is a very vigorous grower, but only a moderate bearer, and the quality of the fruit varies much according to its situation. Golden Russet is a good hardy sort, and bears well. Adams’ Pearmain is a very abundant bearer, of rnoderate growth. The rich alluvial valley of Ryedale is well adapted for Apples; orchards are numerous, and have produced much fine fruit. Many of the trees are now getting old, and should be renewed with young ones. | NORTHERN COUNTIES : YORKSHIRE. 945 6.—Mr. G. Summers, Sandbeck Park, Rotherham. Hazhibitor’s hemarks.—The soil here is heavy, on the magne- sian limestone. Cockpit is a useful Apple, being very much grown in the old orchards in this county, but inferior to many of the new varieties. Hcklinville Seedling promises to be one of the best Kitchen Apples grown in this locality. Sturmer Pippin is one of our best dessert. King of the Pippins is one of the best croppers; we have not failed to obtain a crop for the past six years. Warner’s King I consider to be one of the hardiest and best Kitchen Apples grown here. Emperor Alexander is also good. Varieties of Apples suitable for Cultivation in Yorkshire. SELECTED (18838) By Mr. J. Bourne, Longhill, Guisborough. » W. Cuuck, Brodsworth, Doncaster. » H. J. Ciayton, Grimston, Tadcaster. », McInpoz, Hutton Hall, Gwsborough. », NLATER & Sons, Malton. DrssERtT APPLES. No.of No. of ae Weies eae Votes Cox’s Orange Pippin . 5 || Fearn’s Pippin Blenheim Orange . . Golden Russet . Devonshire Quarrenden Golden Reinette 38 || Green Balsam (or French Crab) Mannington’s Pear- TAMA WIA epee 2 Moar gallieiren sc cutis Kerry Pippin : King of the Pippins Ribston Pippin . Claygate Pearmain Karly Margaret . Irish Peach . Red Astrachan 1 Adams’ Pearmain . . Scarlet Nonpareil Stamford Pippin . Summer Rose. . . 1 Syke House Russet . Warner’s King Worcester Pearmain Yellow Ingestrie . Beauty of Hants Charlestown Pippin Cockle’s Pippin . Duke of Devonshire Emperor Napoleon Eve (Trumpington) 246 Name Keswick Codlin . Lord Suffield Cockpit Dumelow’s Seedling New Hawthornden Stirling Castle . Warner’s King . Alfriston Cellini Cox’s Pomona Keklinville Seedling Emperor Alexander Greenup’s Pippin Pool) JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. CuLnINARY APPLES. Name Beauty of Kent . Blenheim Pippin . Galloway Pippin . Green Balsam . Hambledon Deux Ans Lewis’s Incomparable Manks’ Codlin . New Large Cockpit Northern Greening Ringer Tower of Glamis Winter Hawthornden Winter Strawberry Yorkshire Greening No. of Votes | Sal Nancy Jackson (or Bess 2 ing . CuksOrUeriue Val i. SCOTLAND—SOUTHERN DIVISION, INCLUDING EAST LOTHIAN, LANARKSHIRE, MIDLOTHIAN, PEEBLESSHIRE, ROXBURGHSHIRE, anp WIGTONSHIRE. ea Soe aerate Se) Sita aoa ‘ r Fi eres edict ot RL Mies ye test $e at aa = Ae 7 thes tees , Pee a fe ly ete pine ears ob anemic ay hea Rag os \ a 4 aes a Las 5 Eee 2 4 SCOTLAND—SOUTH: EAST LOTHIAN, WIGTON. — 949 SCOTLAND—SOUTHERN DIVISION. EHaxhibitors. 1.—Mr. P. Brann, Glaisnock, Old Cumnock. Observations.—Examples small and green. _ Laxhbitor’s Remarks.—Grown on dwarf Standards, the trees being about 12 years old, grafted on the Crab. Situation, sheltered. Soil, heavy and retentive; subsoil, brick-earth. This is anything but an Apple district, being too cold and bleak, and at an altitude of 600 feet. Our best bearers are Lord Suffield, Keswick, and Manks’ Codlin. 2.—Mr. R. P. Brotuerston, Tynninghame Gardens, Prestonkirk. Observations.—A very interesting and representative collec- tion of Apples, some of the examples being large and fine. Hzlibitor’s Remarks.—Grown on Bush trees, having the centre open, from 10 to 80 years old, and mostly grafted on the Crab. Situation, in kitchen garden, sheltered by trees on the- north-west and east. Soil, naturally light, but enriched and deepened through long cultivation ; subsoil, gravel. 8.—Mr. J. Brunton, Gilmerton Gardens, Drem, Hast Lothian. Observations.—A remarkably well-grown collection, many of the examples vying in size and excellence with those grown in the county of Kent. A carefully prepared tabulated list of the varieties sent accompanied this collection, denoting the form and habit of tree, bearing properties, stock, soil on which grown, &c., which added greatly to the interest and value. Haxhibitor’s Remarks.—All the varieties grown in the gardens at Gilmerton are grafted on the Paradise stock. Situation, well- sheltered, with a southern exposure. Soil, good and heavy, depth 3 feet ; subsoil of clay 6 inches, then gravel. 4.—Mr. James Day, The Gardens, Galloway House, Garlieston, Wigtonsmre. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Grown on Bush trees generally, planted about 6 years, and believed to be on the Paradise stock. Situation, within garden walls, low, damp, and sheltered. Soil, a clayey loam, on gravel or rock. The Galloway Pippin I con- sider the most reliable of any, being a constant cropper and good keeper; the fruit is of good size, and suitable for either culinary purposes or late dessert. The original tree was standing until a few years back in the grounds or orchard attached to an old monastery at Wigtown (near here), but is now removed. 950 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 5,.—Mr.M. Dunn, The Palace Gardens, Dalkeith, Midlothian. Observations.—One of the most complete representative collections submitted ; examples small, and, by comparison with those grown in more southern and warmer localities, very green and wanting in colour, and much more acid in flavour. A very carefully prepared list of the entire collection was submitted by Mr. Dunn, giving the names, space for name as corrected by Committee, age of tree, use, season, and quality, &c. Hxample:— ‘© 90.—Macdonald’s Apple, 70 years, K., free bearer, Decr., raised at Dalkeith 70 years ago ;”’ such information being of the greatest importance and value. SELECTION OF TWENTY-FOUR VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Trish Peach, Keswick Codlin, Devonshire Quarrenden, Oslin, Lord Suffield, Kcklinville, Thorle, Hawthornden, Worcester Pearmain, Stirling Castle, Kerry Pippin, Tower of Glamis, King of the Pippins, Warner’s King, Cox’s Orange, Golden Noble, Ribston, Blenheim, Yorkshire Greening, Court of Wick, Alfriston, Wellington, Duke of Devonshire, Northern Greening. SELECTION OF TWELVE VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Irish Peach, Lord Suffield, Worcestershire Pearmain, Keklin- ville, Kerry Pippin, Stirling Castle, King of the Pippins, Warner’s King, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Blenheim Pippin, Court of Wick, Wellington. SELECTION OF TEN VARIETIES SUITED FOR MARKET CULTURE. Commonest Varieties—Keswick Codlin, Hawthornden, Lord Suffield, Manks’ Codlin, Heklinville, Cellini, Stirling Castle. Less Common—King of the Pippins, Tower of Glamis, Aitkin’s Seedling. General Remarks.—The cultivation has been much improved in this district within recent years, and a greater interest is being taken in it by both private and market gardeners. The best varieties of Apples are in good demand, and everyone is anxious to adopt the best possible means to grow them to the greatest perfection. The Free stock is generally found the best for the soil and climate, butin cold situations the Crab is the hardiest and most productive. In kitchen gardens, and by amateurs, Apples on the Paradise stock are commonly grown, and, with SCOTLAND—SOUTH : MIDLOTHIAN, ROXBURGH. 951 good management and high cultivation, they usually produce good crops of fine fruit, although when neglected and starved they quickly get barren and worthless. In all well-managed gardens and orchards a regular system of annual pruning is followed, and with all Wall, Bush, and Pyramid trees in gardens summer pinching of the young shoots is generally practised, although it is not always done at the proper time and in the systematic manner which is necessary to produce the best results. Mulching of the roots of Dwarftrees on the Paradise stock is highly beneficial, and the application of liquid manure at proper times helps much to produce the finest fruit. Cordons are grown on a limited scale, and are useful in small gardens where variety and a few fine fruit are the chiefobjects. Protection of the blossom of Apples in spring from late frosts is seldom practised, but with Wall trees and low Bush trees on the Paradise stock it is an advantage in cold springs. For market, the largest varieties of Apples, such as Hcklinville, Lord Suffield, and Warner’s King, find a ready sale at remunerative prices, and such varieties are now taking the place of many of the old, small favourites. 6.—J. G. C. Haminton, Esq., M.P., Dalzell, Motherwell, Clydesdale. Mr. W. Kine, Gardener. Observations.—A very interesting contribution of the Apples of Clydesdale, many of the varieties beine unknown to the Committee. Examples small in comparison with those grown in the south, very green, deficient in colour, and more acid in flavour. Halbitor’s Remarks.—Grown principally on old Standard trees, planted 1823. Situation, south aspect, well sheltered. Soil, clay; subsoil, stiff clay. 8.—Messrs. Ornmiston & Renwick, The Tub Nurseries, Melrose. Observations—An extremely interesting and representative collection of T'weedside Apples; a printed catalogue of the whole being on distribution, indicating the sorts, kind of stock, form, age, &c., of trees from which gathered, with particulars as to the situation of gardens, soil, &. Hahibitors’ Remarks.—With very few exceptions the trees are grown in the kitchen gardens, around or across the breaks used for ordinary cropping. Allthe Culinary sorts mentioned in the list are successfully grown along Tweedside on both Standards and Pyramids. The dessert sorts should be grown on walls with good exposure. On Standards and Pyramids they are generally very small, 952 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The following collections from the Kitchen Gardens of Tweed- side were sent per Messrs. OkmISTON & RENWICK :— 1.—Lady Brewster, Allerley. Mr. P. Jarpine, Gardener. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Situated on the north side of the Tweed, opposite Melrose, at an altitude of about 380 feet, with a southern exposure. Soil, ordinary loam on a gravelly subsoil. 2,.—ALEXANDER CuRLE, Esq., Priorwood, Melrose. Mr. Wm. SHARPE, Gardener. Observations.—A remarkably fine contribution. Exhibitor's Remarks.—The Apple trees are grown as Stand- ards, Bush, and Pyramids, grafted on the Free and Paradise stocks. They are about 6 years old. None of them have been root-pruned yet, but this season we shall go over most of them. They are summer pinched, and pruned early in spring. The garden is situate close to Melrose Abbey, 280 feet above the sea- level, and partly sheltered. Soil, a good sound loam, with gravelly subsoil. This is a splendid district for fruit, especially in the immediate vicinity of Melrose Abbey. 3.—JAMES CuRLE, Esq., Harleyburn. Mr. W. Roxio, Gardener. Halibitor’s Remarks.—Garden situate 330 feet above the sea- level, and exposed to the west and north-west winds. Soil, a heavy red clay (greatly improved by large quantities of ashes dug in), with a cold tilly subsoil. 4,—The Rey. M. H. Grauam, Maxton Manse. EHahibitor’s Remarks.—Situation on the south bank of the Tweed, 260 feet above sea-level. Soil, heavy clay, 15 inches deep, with a cold, stiff subsoil. Here Lord Suffield and Stirling Castle canker very early. The trees are summer pinched, and pruned early in spring. §.—Lieut.-Gen. Henry, C.B., Pavilion. Mr. W. Dick, Gardener. Hzhbitor’s Remarks.—Situated 150 yards from the north side of the Tweed, at an altitude of 455 feet. Soil, a sandy loam, with a gravelly subsoil. The trees are growing in grass, formerly cultivated as a kitchen garden. 6.—The Earu or Home, Hirsel, Coldstream. Mr. Joun Carrns, Gardener. Observations.—Most of the examples large and well grown, paler in colour, but otherwise equal to the best fruits grown in the south. SCOTLAND—SOUTH : ROXBURGH. 258 Exhibitor's Remarks.—Our Apple trees are grown on the Standard, Pyramid, and Bush form, principally the former, being trained with spreading heads and close pruned; those trained otherwise are also kept close pruned. Root-pruning is regularly attended to, so many trees being done every year. They are grafted mostly on the Crab, a few Bush trees being on the Paradise. Situation, partly sheltered. Soil, a good strong loam ; subsoil, inclined to clay. Weare about a mile from the River Tweed, and fourteen from the sea. We suffer much from spring frosts, the blossom being often destroyed. For small gardens we would recommend the Paradise stock. 7.—Miss Scorr Macpoueatn, Makerstoun. Mr. JAMES FAIRBAIRN, Gardener. Observations.—Examples large and very well grown. Hxhubitor’s Remarks.—The garden is situate on the north bank of the Tweed. It is flat, and well sheltered on all sides. Soil, a good loam ; subsoil, gravelly. 8.—The Hon. J. C. Maxwetu-Scort, Abbotsford. Mr. Henry Scott, Gardener. Observations.—Examples very fine. Hahibitor’s Remarks.—Trees mostly grown as Pyramids. Garden situate on the south side and close to the Tweed, 400 feet above the sea-level, with south-west exposure. Soil, a light loam on a gravelly subsoil. 9.—Mrs. Merxuam, Gladswood. Mr. GEORGE GREY, Gardener. Observations.—Examples of good size. Haxhibitor’s Remarks.—The garden is situate 500 feet above the sea-level, on a high bank, 260 feet above and close to the Tweed. Soil, a strong, stiff clay, with cold, tenacious subsoil. 10.—Lord PotwartH, Mertown, St. Bosweil’s. Mr. WiLLIAM Fow LER, Gardener. Hazhibitor’s Remarks.—Our trees may all be termed Dwarf Standards, from 18 to 20 years of age, grafted on the Crab. The garden is situate on the north side of the Tweed, on a sloping bank, facing southwards. Soil, a good ordinary loam ; subsoil, gravelly. 11.—Cuarwes Tennant, Esq., The Glen, Innerleithen. Mr. M. McIntyre, Gardener. Observations.—Examples of fair average size. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Examples grown on walls. The gardens are 800 feet above the sea-level, with a southern exposure. Soil, a heavy clay; subsoil, rock and till. 254 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. | Varieties of Apples suitable for Cultivation in Scot- land—South Division. SELECTED (1883) By Mr. R. P. Brotuerston, Tynninghame, Prestonkirk. Brunton, Gilmerton, Drem. ,, OCarrns, Hirsel, N.B. J. CuRLE, Esq., Harleyburn. 593 ' Mr. J. Day, Galloway House, Garlieston. 99 99 JY) M. Dunn, Dalkeith Palace, Dalkeith. W. Fowuer, Mertoun, St. Boswell’s. W. Kine, Dalzell, Motherwell. Messrs. OnmiIsTON & RENwick, Melrose. DrEssERT APPLES. No. of Name Votes King of the Pippins . Ribston Pippin . Kerry Pippin Blenheim Orange . | Devonshire Quarr enden Cambusnethan ED Irish Peach . Thorle. Claygate Pearmain . | so CoO NI Karly Harvest Egg or White Paradise Gravenstein . Worcester Pearmain American Apple. . Kast Lothian needs Margil . : Oslime ya 2. ge 3 Red Neocon : Sturmer Pippin . Wyken Pippin Yellow Ingestrie Adams’ Pearmain ; Se | Ee | bo Beauty of Kent . Boston Russet . Cellini Pippin Cornish Aromatic . Court Pendu Plat . Court of Wick por No. of Name Votes Cox’s Orange Pippin. Cox’s Pomona. : Dalzell Manse . Duchess of Olden- burg ; Dutch Mienonne ; Fearn’s Pippin Friar Pippin . Galloway Pippin . Golden Monday Golden Reinette . Golden Pearmain. . Hubbard’s Russet lady Apple. ssa 1 Lady Henniker Margaret Nonpareil Nonesuch . Old Golden Pippin Pomeroy : Red Calendar . Royal Pearmain Royal Somerset Silver Saturday Stone Pippin White Moncrieff . Winter Strawberry Winter Pearmain . Name Lord Suffield , Keklinville pean Stirling Castle . Warner’s King . Alfriston . Dumelow’s Seedling . Keswick Codlin . Cellini . Cox’s Pomona . Manks*”Codlin . Duchess of Oldenburg Fullwood . ; Golden N oble Hawthornden Mére de Ménage New Hawthornden Northern Greening Small’s Admirable . Stoup persion ; Atkin’s No. 2 Baltimore Betty Geeson Blenheim Orange . Carse 0’ Gowrie . Dolphin ; ~ Duke of Devonshire Dutch Fullwood SCOTLAND—SOUTH. CULINARY APPLES. ; aa No. of Votes On iw Name Kmperor Alexander . Galloway Pippin . Grenadier Improved Codi; 37. Kentish Fillbasket Lauder Lud Late Marrow Leadington. .. Luffness Matchless Nelson’s Codlin Norfolk Storing Pott’s Seedling Red Ingestrie . Royal Codlin Resnick Reinette de @anads Sheep’s Head . Stone’s Apple . Tower of Glamis . Violette . . Waltham Abbey 8 Seed- lin : White Melrose. Winter Fullwood . Willy Bonny : Yorkshire Greening . 255 No. of Votes Aah A ae ahi ppeyaan oF { . + ANP Aa I ? s ‘PSG ey Sapte at ceteris arent ae tape Se = meat nem mame ge platen ial Sreesanth WS re GRO.U PV Ile. SCOTLAND—MIDLAND DIVISION. FORFARSHIRE AND PERTHSHIRE. SCOTLAND—MIDLAND. 3 259 SCOTLAND—MIDLAND DIVISION. EHahibitors. 1.—Mr. J. Cameron, Auchterarder House, Perthshire. Observations.—Examples small and deficient in colour, ex- cepting those grown on walls. Hzibitor’s Remarks.—Grown on Standards in borders inside a walled garden, varying in age from 20 to 50 years. Situation, sheltered, facing north. Soil, stiff black loam, approaching clay. ‘Trees are much given to canker if bruised, and very much covered with moss in winter. The sun’s rays strike but a very small portion of the ground, and in mid-winter the sun is not seen. Stirling Castle, King of the Pippins, Lord Suffield, and Hawthornden bear well almost every year. 2.—Mr. D. Doie, The Gardens, Rossie Priory, Inchture, Perthshire. Hzxhibitor’s Remarks.—Grown on Bush trees from 6 to 15 feet high, planted in the borders by the sides of the walks in a kitchen garden. Those which are grafted on the Free stock are about 50 years old; the others, on the Paradise, are about 12 years; upon this stock some varieties do not succeed, the trees becoming cankered. The gardens are well sheltered by trees, and are situated at the bottom of a hill, about 80 feet above the sea-level. Soil, a black loam 18 inches deep; subsoil, a sandy gravel, very deep. The lowest part of the ground is subject to hoar frosts and fog. Both trees and fruit are very eect to the growth of lichen. 3.—Mr. P. W. Farra@Rieve, The Gardens, Dunkeld, Perth. Observations.—Examples mostly small and deficient in colour. Halibitor’s Remarks.—Grown on dwarf Standard and Bush trees 8 years old, mostly grafted on the Paradise. Situation, Sheltered, with a south aspect, 176 feet above sea-level. Soil, light; subsoil, gravel. 4,—Mr. A. McKinnon, Gardener, Scone Palace, Perth. Observations.—A very interesting and excellent contribution. Many examples large and fine. Halibitor’s Remarks.—Grown on Bush, Pyramid, and Espa- lier trees, grafted on the Paradise and Free stocks. Situation, low, but sheltered on all sides. Soil, a heavy rich loam, resting on a clay bottom. Apples in this part of Scotland are very late and very small. R2 260 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 5.—Mr. McDonatp, Woodlands House, Perth. Observations.—Examples of Cellini, very large and fine, stated to have been grown on Cordon on Paradise stock. 6.—Mr. Joun REID, Gardener to The Honourable Mrs. Trotter, Ballindean, Inchture. Observations.—A fairly good collection, the fruit being of good size, but wanting in colour. Hahibitor’s Remarks.—Grown on Standard and Bush trees about 50 years old, but little interfered with in the way of prun- ing, and allowed plenty of room. They are mostly grafted on the Free stock, some on Paradise, and grown in open orchard on erass. Soil, a good loam, with clay subsoil. I sent a very small collection of Apples, some 20 sorts, but they comprise nearly all the kinds of real value in the East of Scotland; at least all that have come under my observation, and I happen to have had a good deal to do with Apples. The orchard, which I have had for 30 years under my charge (some 8 or 10 acres), was planted by my father-in-law about 60 years ago; and he, being a great fancier of Apples, gathered together all the varieties he could secure. Many of these I have regrafted with others, but still we have about 100 sorts, specimens of which I might have for- warded. As I have sold fruit in the Dundee Market, which is perhaps the largest market in Scotland for home-grown Apples, I am able to assert that there are not more than 20 or 80 sorts of any value that ever appear in the market. One-half of our present kinds of Apples ought to be swept out of the list altogether, as small Apples are a perfect drug in the market. I find that any good soft eating Apple will sell in the summer months, but the kinds that are the most valuable are the Codlins, and Apples of that sort. They can be sold in large quantities, big and little, just as they come off the trees, for making jelly. Eating or table Apples are but little sought after in August or September, as there are plenty of other fruits, but in October such sorts as Irish Green, Winter Strawberry, Lady’s Finger, and King of the Pippins sell fairly well. Thirty years ago there was scarcely any use for cooking Apples, good eating Apples being all that was required ; now the whole demand is for large cooking Apples, while eating or dessert Apples (for winter especially) are driven out of the market by the American kinds. Warner’s King, Stiring Castle, Manks’ Codlin, Hawthornden, and Cellini are varieties that pay well for autumn use; and Yorkshire Greening, Tower of Glamis, and Grey Cheek for winter use, the latter being a very valuable sort. These Apples I have named were the leading sorts 80 years ago, and they are the leading sorts still. SCOTLAND—MIDLAND. 261 7.—Dr. RoBertson, Fern Bank House, Errol. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Grown on Standards and Bush trees, from 12 to 100 years old; the Standard trees on the Crab stock, theothers on the Paradise. Situation, in walled garden, sheltered. Soil, a pretty good black loam; subsoil, a useless clay, red in colour, and entirely unfit for vegetation. The Ribston Pippin requires a wall here and a southern aspect, otherwise it is apt to canker. Ina cold subsoil the New Hawthornden is very apt to canker, otherwise it is an excellent sort. In the numerous Carse orchards here, 1am sorry to say, fruit culture has been much neglected, both as to root and top pruning, as well as in manuring and in the proper selection of kinds, many large orchards getting no attention whatever. The Carse of Gowrie is a splendid fruit district. I have known samples of Lord Suffield grown here by amateurs, on the Crab stock, 175 ounces in weight. In my opinion fruit is not half so well cultivated here as it might and ought to be. We want, in fact, more enlightened cultivation. 8.—Mr. GrorcEe Kipp, The Gardens, Megginch Castle, Errol. Observations.—Examples of good size and quality. Halubitor’s Remarks.—Apples grown as Standards, from 7 to 20 years old, grafted on the Paradise stock. They are planted in the borders round the garden. Soil, a heavy clay, trenched, and manured round the roots all the winter. I have over 170 trees, and I lift a number of them every year, give them new soil, and then plant them again where they were. Lach tree is lifted every third year in rotation. If weather permits, I begin replanting them about the 1st of November. 9.—Mr. Brenviz, Gardener to J.‘B. Morrison, Esq., Murie, Errol. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Apple trees are mostly large Standard, from 50 to 100 years old, on the Crab stock. A few Dwarf trees on the Paradise. Situation, good, with a south exposure, and on the highest part of the Carse. They are grown on pasture and on cultivated ground. Soil, clay and a rich loam; subsoil, partly sand and partly clay. 10.—The Rev. W. Wurtz, U.P., Manse, Pitrodie, Perth. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Grown on large Standard trees, from 50 to 100 years old, grafted on the Crab or Free stock. Situation, sheltered, with a good southern exposure. Soil, a strong damp clay. 262. JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Varieties of Apples suitable for Cultivation in Scotland— Midland Division. SELECTED (1883) BY Mr. J. Cameron, Auchterarder House, Auchterarder. » DL. Doic, Rossie Priory, Inchture. P. W. FarrGritve, Dunkeld House, Dunkeld. ,, A. Forses, Prtfour Castle, Perth. » G. Kipp, Megginch Castle. ,», A. McKinnon, Scone Palace, Perth. ,, J. Reto, Ballindean, Inchture. Dr. Rosertson, Hrrol. DEssERT APPLES, No. if No. of aoe ee MTG Votes King of the Pippins 7 || Karly Margaret Ribston Pippin . 6 Emperor Alexander . Golden Pippin Eve, or Irish Pitcher Kerry Pippin : 4 Fearn’s Pippin Summer Whorle . Golden Russet . Court of Wick Gravenstein Pippin . 3 Irish Green. Lass o’ Gowrie Majestic . wea Mannington’s Pear- main Mother Devonshire Quarr enden : Winter Strawberry. Arbroath Pippin (Oslin) Blenheim Orange . Cambusnethan Pippin Claygate Pearmain . Cox’s Orange sen Oslin. Trish Peach 2 || Paradise, or Lady's s i Orange Pippin . . Finger a tee Ravelston Pippin . Paradise Pippin Sturmer Pippin . Pearson’s Plate é Summer Strawbeny Pine Golden Russet . Worcester Pearmain Professor 3 4 Cellini . : Red Ingestrie . Cockle’s Pippin. . Court Pendu Plat . Cupar Market Downton Pippin Duke of Devonshire Dutch Mignonne Karly Julien . Red Astrachan ; Reinette Jaune Hative 1 Scarlet Nonpareil . Striped Beefing Trumpington . White Juneating . Wyken Pippin . Name Stirling Castle Tower ‘of Glamis Lord Suffield. Warner’s King . Cellini . Dumelow’s Seedling ‘Ecklinville Seedling Keswick Codlin . Emperor Alexander Hawthornden Lord Dunmore . Manks’ Codlin New Bee orden. Yorkshire Greening Rymer . Alfriston . Baldwin Betty Geeson Blenheim Pippin Carlisle Codlin . Catshead . Cox’s Pomona SCOTLAND—MIDLAND. 268 CULINARY APPLES. | 4 a = No. of Votes oO NI @ No.of Name Votes Dunmore Pearmain . Dutch Codlin . Karly Julien . . Eve, or Manks’ Codlin Hambledon Deux Ans Hill’s Seedling. Jolly Beggar... . Lady Henniker Lord Derby. Nelson’s Glory . Nortolk Bearer. . ~. 1 Old Golden Pippin Phillip’s Seedling (Cellini) Pott’s Seedling Ringer . Round Winter None: guch . Small’s TIncompar able White Codlin . Winter Hlmnomagoin a a = tee wegen 4 sae wsoonaeeant tt ‘ My ripe dotaey ORO oh) nt He ange) a a aie me eL ic pe Vint ett Gal Our Ab xX. SCOTLAND—NORTHERN DIVISION. MORAYSHIRE AND ORKNEY. SCOTLAND—NORTH. 267 SCOTLAND—NORTHERN DIVISION. Hahbitors. 1.—Mr. JoHn CuARE, Gardener, Brodie Castle, Morayshire. Observations.—Examples small, but the contribution interest- ing as containing many of the earlier Scottish Apples. Hizhibitor’s Remarks.—All grown on Standard trees, with ‘one exception, viz., Paradise Pippin, or Adams’ Apple, which is from an old Eispalier. The trees are about 25 years old, and mostly grafted on the Crab, with a few on the Paradise. Situa- tion, sheltered. Soil, a black sandy loam; subsoil, gravel, with oxide of iron in it. On comparing notes with others, I have come to the conclusion that Apples do not grow to the same size nor ripen so well in the north as they used to. A neighbour was tellng me that he was rooting out all the tender kinds, and substituting Kitchen sorts, such as Lord Suffield, Stirling Castle, and Tower of Glamis. Lord Suffield is one of the most constant bearers we have, as also is Brown Codlin, a sort that does well here, and is esteemed for a fine aromatic flavour when cooked. Golden Pippin (? Downton) grows without any trace of canker, but the fruit has been so small of late years that it is comparatively worthless. The same may be said of all the small sorts. Hawthornden and Ribston Pippin both canker very much, so also does Cellini and Stirling Castle on the Paradise stock. I consider the subsoil here very bad for fruit trees, being so very much impregnated with iron and a black hard substance locally called Pan or Moray crust. 2.—Mr. THomas McDonatp, Balfour Castle Gardens, Kirkwall, Orkney. Observations.—An extremely interesting contribution from so northern a latitude; the examples small, very green, hard, and acid. Hahibitor’s Remarks .—Grown on trained trees, on walls, from 8 to 80 years of age, and generally bear a very fair crop. 268 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, Varieties of Apples suitable for Cultivation in Scotland— North Division. SELECTED (1883) BY Mr. J. Cuarx, Brodie Castle, Morayshire. », L. McDonaxp, Balfour Castle, Orkney. No. of DEssERT APPLES. ; No. of Name Golden Pippin (? Downton) Ribston Pippin. . Adams’ Apple (or Para- dise Pippin) Blenheim Orange . Boston Russet 6 Brabant Bellefleur . Karly Harvest Name Lord Suffield Stirling Castle . Alexander Brown Codlin Carlisle Codlin . Dutch Codlin Hawthornden . . Kentish Fillbasket . a? | Votes 2 CULINARY No. of Votes 1 Name Gogar Pippin . . Lamb Abbey Pearmain Late enpa ; Oslin . . ‘ Peach Apple Pitmaston Nonpareil . Red Astrachan Strawberry Pippin Summer Thorle APPLES. Name Keswick Codlin Lady Apple (?). Nonesuch . . Norfolk Beefing Northern Greening Tower of Glamis . . Yorkshire Greening . Votes er pee lay eat i poe n Merrie | 8: z re mA: fy Ao Md 4 - SU ar (rs a em sir deep en eae ante Np enema ne AAI ad te eae ea TERI mae Gh W'S Pome ravine na NEAL i bea o RRO een WALES. 271 SOUTH WALES. Exhibitors. 1.—General Benson, C.B., Fairy Hill, Swansea. Exhibitor's Remarks.—Gathered mostly from Standard trees about 20 years old, and others from old trees on the farm. Situation, 24 miles from the sea, on the Gower Coast, and much exposed to wind. Soil, limestone, also sandstone and clay. Ribston Russet is the common Apple of the country. Old trees are great bearers, such as Hoary Morning and Bevan’s Seed- ling, a variety raised from Hoary Morning 20 years ago. Ribston Pippin will not do well here, as it cankers. 2.—Mr. G. Grirrin, Slebeck Park, Haverfordwest. Observations.—A very fine, well-grown collection. Hixhibitor’s Remarks.—These Apples are the produce of the orchards here, which contain nearly every variety grown in the county. They are grown on Standard and Bush trees on the Crab ; some are aged, slow-growing trees, and very fruitful, but are very subject to the growth of lichen, which is kept under by dusting with fresh lime on damp days in winter. Situation, bank of tidal river, 10 miles from sea, and exposed to the south- west gales off the Atlantic. Soil, heavy, rather shallow, on clay mixed with broken Silurian rock; well drained. Few Apples are grown, there not being a sufficient quantity for the demand. When there is a full crop in England, the local fruiterers receive large consignments. ‘The soil appears to be too cold and damp, and the trees canker; but here the soil is well-drained, and good varieties are planted, and there is a good return. SELECTION OF ‘TWENTY-FOUR VARIETIES MOST SUITED FOR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Culinary.—Hawthornden, Keswick Codlin, Kentish Fill- basket, Alfriston, Ecklinville Seedling, Tower of Glamis, Warner’s King, Dumelow’s Seedling, Blenheim Orange, Mére de Ménage, Striped Beefing, Hanwell Souring. Dessert.—Early Harvest, Irish Peach, Devonshire Quarrenden, Kerry Pippin, Fearn’s Pippin, Ribston Pippin, Wyken Pippin, King of the Pippins, Claygate Pearmain, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Dutch Mignonne, Sturmer Pippin. SELECTION OF TWELVE VARIETIES MOST SUITED FoR CULTURE IN THE District, NAMED IN ORDER OF SUCCESSION. Culinary.—Hawthornden, Kentish Fillbasket, Alfriston, Dumelow’s Seedling, Blenheim Orange, Hanwell Souring. Dessert.—Early Harvest, Devonshire Quarrenden, Fearn’s Pippin, Ribston Pippin, Wyken Pippin, Cox’s Orange Pippin. 272 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. SELECTION OF TEN VARIETIES SUITED FOR MARKET CULTURE. Hawthornden, Keswick Codlin, Kentish Fillbasket, Blen- heim Orange, Striped Beefing, Alfriston, King of Pipping, Hanwell Souring, Wyken Pippin, Devonshire Quarrenden. These are all heavy croppers here. There is no systematic growing of fruit for market in this county. Varieties of Apples suitable for Cultivation in | South Wales. SELECTED (1883) BY General Benson, C.B., Fairy Hill, Swansea. Mr. GEorGE GRIFFIN, Haverfordwest. DrEssERtT APPLES. Name ee Name ie Cox’s Orange Pippin . | 2 || King of the Pippins . Blenheim Orange . . Lodgemore Nonpareil Carraway Russet . . Pitmaston Russet Cockle’s Pippin. . . Nonparenla se as 1 Devonshire Quarrenden 1 Red Astrachan ‘ Fearn’s Pippin . Scarlet Nonpareil . Kerry Pippin . Wyken Pippin . CULINARY APPLES. 10. of : Re Aifristoneein. (ae: Hoary Morning Keswick Codlin. . . 9 Lord Suffield Wellington (Dumelow’s Minchall Crab . Seedling) *. 0 New Hawthornden Beauty of Kent. . . Northern Greening . Blenheim Orange . . Reinette de Canada . 1 Catshead Codlin . . Royal Pearmain Dredge’s Emperor . . 1 Royal Russet Gloria; Mundi). . Warner’s King Gravensteim on. es Winter Greening Hanwell Souring . . (Freneh Crab) . Hawthornden CromOnl) Ter Xo 1, JERSEY. CHANNEL ISLANDS. 275 JERSEY. EHzhibitor. Mr. C. B. SaunpErRs, Cesarean Nurseries, St. Helier’s, Jersey. Observations.— These, as representative of the Apples grown in Jersey, which are generally supposed to be greatly superior to those grown even in Kent, were of great interest. Hxlubitor’s Remarks.—Grown on dwarf Bush and Pyramidal trees, some of the Ribston Pippins being against walls. They are mostly grafted on Paradise stock. Situation, elevated, but sheltered by trees and hedges. Soil, a strong loam, upon a clay subsoil. Apple trees thrive and are very productive in the island of Jersey wherever a good stiff soil and an airy situation are at command. Shelter is necessary, both for the protection of the blossoms from the cold winds of spring, and the crops from the autumnal gales. Many of the smaller dessert sorts produce large quantities of excellent fruit on the Paradise stock, whilst the stronger growing and more vigorous kinds, producing the larger fruits, thrive best on the Crab stock. These last are mostly culinary kinds, and may be kept upon a damp dark floor, or in a cold airy loft. I give preference to the former, as it preserves the flavour of the fruit, if they do not keep so long. Covering dessert Apples whilst in store with large sheets of white paper greatly improves the appearance, whether intended for the dessert table or for sale. Varieties of Apples suitable for Cultivation in Jersey. SELECTED BY Mr. C. B. SaunpErs, St. Helier’s, Jersey. Dessert Apples.—Court of Wick, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Downton Pippin, Hicks’ Fancy, Hooper’s Seedling, King of the Pippins, Pigeonette, Reinette de Versailles, Red Astrachan, Ribston Pippin, Stibbert, Yellow Ingestrie. Culinary Apples.—Blenheim Orange, Cox’s Pomona, English Codlin, Golden Noble, Grand Alexander, Emperor Alexander, Hawthornden, Jacques Lebel, Lord Suffield, Monstrous Pippin, Reinette de Canada, Royal Russet, Scarlet Pearmain. ek © ode xX Lt, 1038518) ove IN ID IRELAND. 279 IRELAND. Hixhihitors. 1.—Mr. Grorce EHpear, Gardener, Crossgar, Co. Down. 2.—Mr. H. Watxker, Derry. Observations.—Examples deficient in colour. Halibitor’s Remarks.—The two finest dessert Apples here are the Irish Peach and Summer Strawberry; the former is a fine habited tree, and a sure bearer, but the fruits are not large; the latter is a thin bearer, but equal in quality to any of the American kinds. In our windy climate both are deserving of walls; they are not pruned, the shoots being simply laid in. Ecklinville and Keswick Codlin are very fine free-bearing sorts. Lord Suffield, as a dwarf tree, bears a greater weight than any other, and the fruit are larger. King of the Pippins bears very freely, the fruit being of splendid colour, hanging like ropes of onions, and at a distance resembling a crop of oranges. Our local ‘‘ Ballyfatten’’ is a constant bearer, of a dry, mild flavour, and is an excellent baker. ‘‘Green Chisel,’ ‘Green Sweet,’ and “Red Kane” are local sorts of repute. The “Jane Moyle” -(Jennet Moyle), brought by the monks to Mongavelin Casile, near here, is as fine as a Ribston. I would say that single vertical Apple trees on walls would supply high-class fruits, without spurring or “pinching,” as it is called here, as this treatment has decimated everything in our soft chmate. Long- wooded kinds require space and time to mature; cutting back closely is productive of immature shoots, and pinching is infi- nitely worse. 280 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. List of Varieties selected by the Exhibitors as best suited for Cultivation. Arranged in Order of Selection ; those receiving only One Vote being omitted. GROUP LE, SOUTHERN Number of Voters COUNTIES (ENGLAND). DESSERT APPLES. Name Cox’s Orange Pippin . King of the Pippins Ribston Pippin . Blenheim Orange Kerry Pippin. Cockle’s Pippin . Devonshire Quarrenden Court Pendu Plat . Sturmer Pippin . Scarlet Nonpareil . Trish Peach . : Yellow Ingestrie Fearn’s Pippin . Worcester Pearmain . Claygate Pearmain. Maregil . : Mannington’ S Pearmain Mr. Gladstone Red Astrachan . Lemon Pippin Court of Wick Wyken Pippm . . Duchess of Oldenburg Gravenstein . Golden Knob Herefordshire Pearn main Duchess’s Favourite Dutch Mignonne Braddick’s Nonpareil . ; ; | _ ol : No. of | Votes Oo” b4 27 19 18 15 14 Name Adams’ Pearmain. Reinette de Canada . Lord Burghley. Winter Quoiing . Golden Pippin . Old Nonpareil . Golden Reinette Winter Pearmain . Rosemary Russet . Cornish Gilliflower Boston Russet . Syke House Russet Melon Northern Spy . ‘ Summer Pippin Juneating Downton : Cornish Aromatic. Pearson’s Plate Red Juneating . Russet Nonpareil . Coe’s Golden Drop Early Harvest . Wormsley Pippin . Karly or Summer Nonpareil Reinette de Caux . Lamb Abbey Pearmain 46 SELECTED APPLES CULINARY APPLES. Name Dumelow’s Seedling Lord Suffield Warner’s King . Keswick Codlin . Blenheim Orange . New or Winter Haw- _ thornden . Cellini . Ecklinville Seedling | Stirling Castle . Golden Noble . . . 1 Manks’ Codlin . Northern Greening Cox’s Pomona Alfriston . Hawthornden Mere de Ménage : Loddington Seedling . Beauty of Kent . Emperor Alexander Annie Elizabeth : Waltham AbbeySeedling ord Derby ...—-... Norfolk Beefing . Winter Quoining : ) Bedfordshire Foundling ry e ° —_— mo Bess Pool . Yorkshire Greening Hanwell Souring ees } No.of Votes 38 36 27 26 25 21 18 15 14 13 12 iL co @ Name Round WinterNonesuch | Frogmore Prolific | Gloria Mundi . | Pott’s Seedling | Peasgood’s Nonesuch Tower of Glamis . Gooseberry Apple. . Hollandbury : Yorkshire Beauty. Grenadier Hambledon Dems ene Brabant Bellefleur Dutch Mignonne . Betty Geesou . Royal Russet Lane’s Prince hhes Dutch Codlin . Worcester Pearmain . Lady Henniker French Crab Hoary Morning Reinette de Canada . / Flower of Kent . Small’s Admirable London Pippin Nonesuch Lemon Pippin . Hubbard’s Pearmain Norfolk Bearer 281 NoTe.—Blenheim Orange—-Dessert, 19 votes | We otes: Culinary,25° , f 39 39 EASTERN COUNTIES Number of Voters Name Cox’s Orange Pippin . Blenheim Orange . Kerry Pippin. , Trish Peach Sturmer Pippin. Golden Harvey . JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. GAO Wie ia (ENGLAND). DESSERT APPLES. No. of Votes 6 Red Quarrenden . . | 3 Name Golden Winter Pearmain > Lord Lennox Name Lord Suffield Dumelow’s Seedling Warner’s King . Blenheim Orange . Keswick Codln . Hawthornden Note.— Blenheim Orange—Dessert, 4 votes Culinary,4 ,, 99 CuLINARY APPLES. No. of Votes ” | | Hawthornden . | Norfolk Bearer Russet Nonpareil . 2 Scarlet Nonpareil. . | Ribston Pippin J | | No.of jsleaale | Votes | Beauty of Kent Coxe RomOmdno sear Hicklinville Seedling . 9 Gravenstein ; ° ° ns ' 8 votes. a “a SELECTED APPLES. 288 GOULD. NotTEe.—Blenheim Orange—Dessert, 29 9 MIDLAND COUNTIES—SOUTH (ENGLAND). Number of Voters 15 DrEsseRt APPLES. ee (Behl. man” [ee Cox’s Orange Pippin . | 13 Mr. Gladstone . : King of the Pippins . | Braddick’s Nonpareil BI Shibston Pippin . |. . 11 || Worcester Pearmain . Kerry Pippin. 9 || Blenheim Orange. . ' Devonshire Quarrenden 7 || Margil : 93 Sturmer Pippin. . . 6 || Cockle’s Pippin Irish Peach Yellow Ingestrie . . Fearn’s Pippin . Ee Karly Margaret Claygate Pearmain . Golden Reinette Adams’ Pearmain . Scarlet Pearmain . Scarlet ae : Manninegton’s Pearmain Wyken Pippin Karly Julien : Court of Wick -. . . cn i Mabbot’s Pearmain . Court Pendu Plat . . J | CuLINARY APPLES. E | No.of | + Yo. ERE | Votes | Naiae es Lord Suffield. , | | Emperor Alexander . | 4 Keswick Codlin . . +i 12 || Norfolk Beefing ab} Blenheim Orange . . | eAtliiarstom te teenie ar oer Dumelow’s Seedling . | 11 | Mérede Ménage . . | 3 Cellini . : 9 | Grenadier iia Golden Noble 8 | Beauty of Kent ) Keklinyille Seedling 7 | Duchess of Oldenburg Hawthornden || Betty Geeson . j Cox’s Pomona 5 | Tower of Glamis . Lord Derby . | Hanwell Souring . Lord Grosvenor. Rymer. . 2 Stirling Castle . Lane’s Prince Albert New or Winter Haw- i Peasgood’s Nonesuch thornden French Crab Manks’ Codlin | Rosemary Russet . 3 votes Culinary, 12 feat BANDE 284 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. GROULGNS MIDLAND COUNTIES—-NORTH Number of Voters (ENGLAND). DESSERT APPLES. No. of || Nein Votes Cox’s Orange Pippin . | 7 Blenheim Orange a2}} King of the Pippins . 6 Ribston Pippin . reat Ul Irish Peach . Pat | Court of Wick : | Court Pendu Plat . . 4 Kerry Pippin. : Sturmer Pippin. : Fearn’s Pippin . Maltster me Mr. Gladstone i Nonpareil . Wyken Pippin | CULINARY = No. of ene Votes Lord Suffield. 5 | 9 Keswick Codlin . ae. Dumelow’s Seedling . 8 Cellini . : ; 7 Warners Kine se ae, Kecklinville Seedling . Golden Noble A 5 Alfriston , ; Blenheim Orange ‘ New or Winter 4 Hawthornden : Queen Caroline . ‘ Annie Elizabeth Hawthornden 9 Duchess of Oldenburg Northern Greening Name Adams’ Pearmain. Karly Margaret | Golden Pippin . Golden Reinette Golden Winter Pear- main Juneating || Margil Newtown Pippin . | Old Bess Pool . ' Improved Bess Pool . Claygate Pearmain Scarlet Nonpareil . APPLES. | No. of | Votes pice ua Name. Lord Grosvenor Mere de Menage . Betty Geeson . Cox’s Pomona . ‘ Emperor Alexander . Costard . Rymer Dominos. Manks’ Godan Minchal Crab . Poit’s Seedling Small’s Admirable Stirling Castle . Wareham Russet . Yorkshire Greening . tS Notre.—Blenheim Orange— Dessert, Culinary, 4 ,, 39 ” 7 votes i 11 votes. SELECTED APPLES. 985 GROUP Y. WESTERN COUNTIES (ENGLAND). Number of Voters 17 DrEssERT APPLES. No. of No. of Pee Votes Nee ies Cox’s Orange Pippin . 19 | Fearn’s Pippin. King of the Pippins . Worcester Pearmain . Ribston Pippin . 11 limislebeach.. . . 6 8 Miaroil. . IE 6 Gout Pendu Plat . Devonshire Quarrenden Kerry Pippin. : Blenheim Orange . . | Ashmead’s Kernel . Sturmer Pippin . ) Scarlet Nonpareil Yellow Ingestrie | Wyken Pippin fg is Cornish Gilliflower. . 3 Red Astrachan. . . 3 Adams’ Pearmain. Manninegton’s Pearmain Crimson Queening Old Nonpareil . CuLINARY APPLES. No. of Name Votes Blenheim Orange . . Dumelow’s Seedling . 14 Keswick Codlin . : Lord Suffield F 13 Warner’s King . 5 10 Hawthornden .. . 8 New or Winter Haw- thornden : Golden Noble Tom Putt. Cellars 3c. Keklinville Seedling Stirling Castle . 5 Tower of Glamis .. 4 NoTE.—Plenhcim Orange—Dessert, 39 29 Culinary, 14 Nonpareil Golden Wamien Pear main ©, : 9 London Pippin. Duke of Devonshire . Cockle’s Pippin Court of Wick . Claygate Pearmain No. of Name Votes Manks’ Codlin. <3 . 4 Peasgood’s Nonesuch Lord Derby. Alfriston . re CoxisvRomona.. \ Northern Greening Yorkshire Beauty . Bess Pool ff Gatshead = 4 ; 2 Red Hawthornden Reinette de Canada . Beauty of Kent Emperor Alexander . 5 votes } 19 votes. 29 286 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. GROW ES Var NORTHERN COUNTIES (ENGLAND). Number of Voters Name Cox’s Orange Pippin King of the Pippins Ribston Pippin . Blenheim Orange Trish Peach . Kerry Pippi... Karly Margaret . Claygate Pearmain . Name Lord Suffield. . Keswick Codlin . Dumelow’s Seedling New Hawthornden . Warner’s King . Emperor Alexander Cellini . ; Cox’s Pomona Manks’ Codlin Pott’s Seedling . - ; | Devonshire Quarrenden 10 DESSERT APPLES. No. of | Votes | CG =e or Oo @ CULINARY No. of Votes m OD we id) Red) Astrachas sae 3 | Yellow Ingestrie Stirling Castle. . . 3 Name Votes Adams’ Pearmain . Court Pendu Plat. Fearn’s Pippin. Maron = 4 2 Scarlet Nonpareil . Sturmer Pippin Syke House Russet APPLES. Name Aliistons, =. Bedfordshire Found- ling. : Cockpit . . Keklinville Seedling . 2 Greenup’s Pippin . Hawthornden . Ringer : 5 Tower of Glamis . SHLECTED APPLES, 287 GROUPS VIF. LO Ix. SCOTLAND. Number of Voters .., a 2% 18 DESSERT APPLES. No.of ‘i Name a ae Name Tee Ribston Pippin . 15 eu eens Harvest . . King of the Pippins 14 || Sturmer Pippin Kerry Pippin. : 10 || Winter Strawberry Summer Thorle. . 9 || Cox’s Orange Pippin. Blenheim Orange | 8 Wyken Pippin ats it Devonshire Quarrenden Adams’ Pearmain . Golden Pippin | 7 || Dutch Mignonne . Trish Peach Side. a Boston Russet . Cambusnethan Pippin. “4 g || Cellini ! Oslin Court Pendu Plat. Claygate Pearmain. . ) Fearn’s Pippin. Keg, or White Par adise | 5 || Nonpareil Worcester Pearmain vi Gogar, or Stone Court of Wick Margil Gravenstein . . nl 4 || Yellow Ingestrie . ; Red Astrachan . ) CuLINARY APPLES. Name ae Name ae Stirling Castle . 18 || Emperor Alexander . 5 Lord Suffield 17 || Small’s Admirable . Warner’s King . . 14 || Lord Dunmore Keklinville Seedling 12 || Betty Geeson Keswick Codln . 10 || Blenheim Orange . Ceilings 25. ‘ Carlisle Codlin . Dumelow’s Seedling 9 | Dutch Codlin . Tower of Glamis Rymer . Manks’ Codlin 8 Wiese of Oldenburg 9 New, or Winter Haw- Bullwood - .- eimoenmaden 2. >. 7 || Golden Noble . . PUM HOI ss et te 6 Kentish Fillbasket Hawthornden Mere de Ménage . Yorkshire Greening . ; 5 Cox’s Pomona , NOTE..—Blenheim Orange—Dessert, 5 Culinary, 2 Northern Greening Stoup Leadington 8 votes ee lowerne. 98s JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. List of 120 Apples selected by 1380 Exhibitors. Poll taken for the whole of Great Britain. Number of Returns from Exhibitors ae — be 130 60 DrssERtT APPLES. | No. of | Name Cox’s Orange Pippin Ribston Pippin . Kerry Pippin. | Blenheim Orange Trish Peach | Devonshire Quarr enden | Sturmer Pippin . Searlet Nonpareil Court Pendu Plat Yellow Ingestrie )| Fearn’s Pippin _<—._ <4 Claygate Pearmain . J] Worcester Pearmain . | King of the Pippms . Marois oe ee Wyken Pippin J Cockle’s Pippin . Court of Wick Red Astrachan . Adams’ Pearmain . Mr. Gladstone Golden Pippin Mannington’s Pearmain Gravenstein . Summer Thorle. Lemon Pippin = Ute Braddick’s Nonpareil . Early Margaret . Old Nonpareil Golden Reinette . . Duchess of Oldenburg . . —_—— er 98 89 78 | 56 52 | 48 42 41 31 29 27 26 Wi oes Name Dutch Mignonne . - Cambusnethan Pippin Oslin . Cornish Eilienee Early Harvest . | Nonpareil | Golden Knob : _Herefordshire Pear- main Boston Russet . Syke House Russet | Russet Nonpareil . _ Ashmead’s Kernel _ Egg or White Paradise Lord Lennox Juneating _ Duchess’s Favourite . _ Reinette de Canada . | Lord Burghley . _ Winter Pearmain . _ Rosemary Russett _ Melon. Downton. =~. Golden Harvey. Scarlet Pearmain . Mabbott’s Pearmain . Pine Golden Pippin . Pine Apple Russet Pearson’s Plate cal : Maes fitte | | | SELECTED APPLES. 289 60 CuLnINARY APPLES. No. of No. of “ Noda Votes ‘inate Votes imorasouiield:. 6! 0. 101 || Hanwell Souring . Dumelow’s Seedling . 93 || Small’s Admirable a Keswick Codlin. . . 84 | Duchess of Oldenbure I Warmers'King . . . 70 || Lord Grosvenor Blenheim Orange . . 63 | Grenadier New or Winter Haw- Reinette de Canada thornden : 52 || Tom Putt 6 Cellini . : : Rymer Keklinville Seedling ; 49 || Winter Quoining ; Stirling Castle .. . 48 || Gloria Mundi P Hawthornden .. . 41 || French Crab ; Mamks Codlin .-. . 37 || Round Winter None- Golden Noble .. . 36 Suclie Cons Pomona... | 39 || Frogmore Prolific . Alfriston ‘ Royal Russet ‘ 4 Kmperor Alexander . 28 || Lane’s Prince Albert. Northern Greening. . O1 Dutch Codlin Tower of Glamis Norfolk Bearer . Mére de Ménage . . 19 || Queen Caroline Beauty of Kent. . . 18 Gooseberry Apple . ikond Derby so... 15 || Hollandbury Yorkshire Greening . 12 || Yorkshire Beauty . Annie Klizabeth . . 11 || Hambledon Deux Ang Norfolk Beefing. . . | 10 Dutch Mignonne , Loddington Seedling . Hoary Morning 9 Pott’s Seedling . . . Gravenstein . Peasgood’s Nonesuch . Lord Dunmore . Betty Geeson. . . 8 || Minchal Crab alban Abbey Seed- Lady Henniker Line. 7 Lemon Pippin . Bedfordshire Foundling Catshead . Bess Pool . Nore, —Blenheim Orange— Dessert, 52 votes Tdpivotes Culinary, 63 ” 9 These Returns are valuable as cae the extent of apprecia- tion in which certain varieties are held throughout the country. They cannot, however, be altogether accepted as complete lists of the best or most desirable sorts to cultivate in all cases. For example, many excellent varieties of Apples, through being com- paratively unknown, are placed much lower in the lists than sy 990 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. their merits otherwise entitle them; among others, the following may be named, Pearson’s Plate, Melon, Grenadier, Lane’s Prince Albert, Bramley’s Seedling, Frogmore Prolific, Lady Henniker, Golden Spire, Schoolmaster, The Queen, &c., &c. The most popular Culinary Apple—or that which has received the greatest number of votes (101 of a possible 1830)—is Lord Suffield ; King of the Pippins, as a Dessert variety, being second (98). The most popular Dessert Apple in England is Cox’s Orange Pippin; but it is evidently not so well known in or so well suited for the colder climate of Scotland. Blenheim Orange occupies an exceptional position, being selected in every district both as a Dessert and Culinary variety, thus receiving in the aggregate a greater number of votes (115) than any other Apple. With this exception the returns are singularly uniform, the varieties selected as most suitable for the north being also held in the same appreciation in the south. Thus, the varieties of Apples that are really worthy of cultivation may be reduced to comparatively narrow limits. It may be remarked that the Committee consider many of the Dessert Apples as too small for general use; and since there are now so many good ones, it would seem useless to cultivate such as Sam Young, Golden Harvey, Lamb Abbey Pearmain, Court of Wick, Redleaf Russet, Guernsey Pippm, Downton Pippin, &c.; and in regard to Culinary Apples, since so many excellent varieties of large size, &c., are now in cultivation, all those under the standard of ‘‘large,”’ 2.e., ‘‘ three inches in dia- meter,’’ might be with advantage at once discarded, excepting always a few sorts that are specially adapted to certain localities. APPLES Jee dan he DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES EXHIBITED 1883 AND 1888. T 2 CLASSIFICATION OF APPLES. . 293 CLASSIFICATION OF APPLES, AND EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN DESCRIBING THE FRUITS. FIRST.—PurpPoses FOR WHICH GROWN. 1.—D. = Dessert or Table Use. 2.—C. = Culinary or Kitchen Use. oo Cider. SECOND.—SEASOoN oF RIPENING OR BEING FIT FOR USE. 1.—First Harly.—Fit for use during August and September. 2.—EHarly.—F it for use during September and October. 3.—Mid-season.—Fit for use from October to January. 4,-—_Late.—F¥it for use from January to March, &ce. THIRD.—S1zE".—See Plates. 1.—Small.—Under two inches in diameter. 2,,—Mediwnm.—F rom two to three inches in diameter. 3.—Large.—Above three inches in diameter. FOURTH.— GENERAL ForM OR SHAPE. 1.— Round.—Globose—Diameter and height about equal. 2.—Oblong.—Height or length of fruit greater than the diameter. 3.—Flat.—Oblate—The diameter greater than the height. 4,— Conical.—Tapering from base to apex. 5.—Ovate.-—Oval—Tapering to both ends. 994 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. FIFTH.—Svurrace or FRvIt. 1.—Angular.—Ribbed and uneven. 2.—Smooth.—Evyen. SIXTH.—Cotovur.—-(Very variable.) A.—Normal or Ground Colour. 1.—Green. 2.—Yellow. 3.—Red. 4,—-Bronze. 5.—Russet. B.— Supplementary Colours, or Colowrs chiefly derwed from exposure. 1.—fRed-streaked. 2.—fed-flushed. The diagrams or plates are intended to convey, as clearly as may be possible, what is meant by the terms “conical,” “oblong,” &e., as applied, and the relative gradations of size. Thus an Apple which may be described as “medium, conical” is of the size and form represented in Fig. 2, Plate IV., and so on. "T[eUIg “gs "UINIPET *S "OGIVTT *[—! 9219, ‘IVAOW LOOAV LHDIG,, GNV UALANWYIG “AGNNOY—: AdVHY TI alvid x A ir Dee ie T[PUS “E ‘UNIPOW “SG ‘aoe ‘[—! eZIg “Aa LANVICG NVHL YaLVvedf) LHOIF, “ONOTAQ—: AdVHS Tl LV Id rakeg ae £0 senate othe. TTeUMg *§ 7 ‘UINIPOFL °G ‘aSIVT] *[—! eZIg SHYT AL WH NV WL Va+) Cala VIC “LVI: ad VAG TI WLV Id . . “949 One ay, *T[VWUg *¢ WNIpI O.GIVT]T 'T—! OZ19 ‘XTdVY OL ASV WOW ONIVAAV], “IVOINOQ—: HdvVHG “AL WLW Id ‘Treg °*¢g ‘SAN ‘UNIPO, "S HLOd OL ONIWHdV,], ‘A LV Id ‘HLVAQ—: HdVHG “QGIVIT *[T—! O2Z1G DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES EXHIBITED. 295 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. N.B.—THE VARIETIES MARKED * WERE EXHIBITED IN 1883 AND ALSO IN 1888. THE VARIETIES MARKED *+ ARE NOTICED FOR THE FIRST TIME, NOT HAVING BEEN EXHIBITED IN 1883. THe NAME OF THE EXHIBITOR FOLLOWS THE NAME OF THE FRUIT. For Abbreviations and Explanation of Terms, see p. 293. + Abbé Sojer (Peed), Large, flat, angular, deep green, eye large, closed. Acklam Russet (Haywood), see Wheeler’s Russet. Ackland Vale (Ford), see Goff. Adam’s Apple (Clark), see Egg or White Paradise. * Adams’ Pearmain, D. Medium, conical, greenish yellow, streaked with red and russet, firm, sweet, mid-season, first quality, moderate cropper. Adams’ Pearmain (Jefferies), see Winter Striped Pearmain. Adams’ Reinette (Brunton), see Adams’ Pearmain. Admirable, see Small’s Admirable. Aitkin’s Seedling (J. Veitch & Sons), see Atkin’s Seedling. - + Akera (Bunyard), D. Medium, round, angular, of a uniform dull pink, flesh white, tender, second quality, mid- season. Alderton (Fairbairn), D. Small, conical, green, flushed red, mid-season ; worthless. Alexander, see Emperor Alexander. * Alexandra (Harrison), C. or D. Large, oblong, angular, orange yellow, streaked red with russet, soft, mid-season. Alford Prize (Rivers), see Wyken Pippin. * Alfriston, C. Large, oblong, angular, green, streaked with russet, very firm, acid, mid-season, first quality, a moderate bearer. Algarkirk Seedling (R.H.8.), D. Small, round, red with pale yellow, firm, sweet, early, second quality; a very pretty apple. ; Allan Bank Seedling (F. C. Ford), C. 296 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. “rb ue Allends, D. or C. Medium, round, angular, flushed bronze, late, third quality. Allen’s Everlasting (Rivers), Medium, flat, very angular near the eye, bronzy green, very firm, late, first quality. Allman’s Scarlet Pippin (8. Ford), see Rymer. Alma Pippin (Wells), Large, conical, even, green flushed, and covered with large spots, giving the fruit a singular appearance, flesh dry, sweet, third quality, mid-season. Alms House (Hathaway), C. Medium, round, yellow, streaked, mid-season ; worthless. Alphington (R. Veitch), see Tibbett’s Pearmain. American Apple (King), C. Medium, flat, green, acid, late ; worthless. American Baldwin (Ritchie), C., see Baldwin. American Catkin (Kemp), see Alexandra. American Crab (Paul & Son), C. American Early Harvest (Turner). American Golden Reinette. American Golden Russet (Cummins), D. Small, conical, pale yellow with russet, sweet, mid-season, first quality ; resembles Rosemary Russet. American Grindling (Bradley), C. Large, flat, angular, yellow, flushed red, soft, early ; resembles Hollandbury. American Mother, D. Medium, conical, angular, red, streaked yellow with russet, sweet, briskly flavoured, mid-season, first quality ; handsome. American Nonesuch (Jones), D. Medium, round, yellow, sweet, early, second quality. American Orange (R.H.S.), C. Medium, round, pale yellow, mid-season, flesh very white. American Peach (Harding), C. Large, round, red flushed, soft, early ; very handsome. American Pippin (Ward), D. Small, conical, greenish russet, mid-season, sweet ; worthless. American Pippin, see Yorkshire Beauty. American Summering (Pearson), Cider. Medium, round, angular, streaked yellow, flesh tinged with red. American Wothorpe Prolific (Gilbert). Amiens Long Keeper, see French Crab. Andrew’s Invincible (Gilbert), C. Medium, conical, angular, heht copper, acid, mid-season ; handsome. Annat Scarlet (Dunn), resembles Devonshire Quarrenden. Annie Elizabeth, C. Large, conical, angular, green, bronze flushed, streaked russet, firm, solid, mid-season, first class; good cropper. Annie’s Kernel (Brassey). Ansell’s Cider (Wheeler), Cider. Small, round, red russet. Api Etoillé (Haycock), D. Small, flat, flushed yellow ; pretty. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 297 Api Grosse (Haycock), D. Small, flat, red flushed; very pretty, but worthless ; a large variety of the Lady Apple. Api, or Pomme @’Api, D. Very small, red flushed; very pretty and ornamental; great cropper; requires warm season to develop colour. Api Rose, very similar to Api. Apple Royal (Saltmarsh), see Sturmer Pippin. April Pippin (Griffin), D. Small, round, green, acid, mid- season, third elass; worthless. Arbroath Oslin, D., see Oslin. Arbroath Pippin, see Oslin. * Archduc Antoine (Rivers), very similar to King of the Pippins. Archerfield Pearmain (Ritchie), see Claygate Pearmain. Argyll (S. Ford), D. Small, conical, angular, green, flushed red. Ariadon (Rivers), C. Medium, round, greenish yellow, firm, mid-season. Arnold’s Wothorpe Prolific (Gilbert), C. Large, conical, angular, green, hard, acid, late. Aromatic (Brunton), see Cornish Aromatic. Aromatie Russet (Dicksons), D. Small, round, light russet, streaked red, firm, sweet, first quality, stalk long, slender; resembles Ross Nonpareil. * Ashmead’s Kernel (Wheeler), D. Small, round, light russet, firm, sweet, first quality ; excellent for late or spring use. Ashridge Pine Apple, see Hambledon Deux Ans. Astrachan, see Red Astrachan. * Atkin’s Seedling, C. Medium, round, greenish yellow, streaked, acid, soft, mid-season. Atkin’s No. 2, see Atkin’s Seedling. Autumn Pearmain (R.H.8.), D. Medium, conical, greenish russet, streaked, early, acid, third quality. Autumn Pearmain (Garland), C. or Cider. Large, conical, mottled bronzy russet, mid-season. Ayrshire Court Pendu (Ross), D. Small, ovate, green, streaked red, mid-season ; worthless. Baby Apple (Ritchie), C. or Cider. Medium, oblong, pale ereen, flushed red, mid-season ; worthless. Bachelor’s Seedling (Pollett), D. medium, round, red, sweet, mid-season ; very handsome. Baddow Pippin (Jones), D. Medium, round, greenish russet, sweet, firm, late, first quality. , Badger’s Green (Ritchie), C. Large, round, angular, light ereen, flushed red, mid-season ; worthless. Badger’s Whelps, Cider. Medium, round, purplish streaked. Bailey’s Sweet (Rivers), D. or C. Large, round, angular, red streaked, sweet, early, third quality. 298 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Balchin’s Pearmain (Burnett), D. Medium, conical, angular, streaked yellow, firm, mid-season, second quality. Baldwin, D. or C. Medium, round, angular, bronzy green, late, first quality. Balgonie, see Ringer. Baltimore, see Gloria Mundi. Barcelona Pearmain (R.H.8.), D. Small, conical, green, rus- sety, with numerous brown spots, mid-season, first quality. Barcelona Pippin, D. * Barchard’s Seedling (R.H.8.), C. Medium, round, greenish yellow, streaked with dark red, firm, mid-season, second quality ; a free and constant bearer. Bardfield Defiance (Saltmarsh), see Waltham Abbey Seedling. Barful Pippin (Turner), C. Medium, flat, angular, streaked yellow, mid-season, second quality ; pretty. Barker’s Seedling, see Warner’s King. Barley Pippin (Rogers), C. Medium, round, red, mid-season, eye large, open. Barn Apple (Ritchie). * Barnack Beauty (Gilbert), C. or D. Medium, ovate, streaked red, very firm, late, second class; handsome. Barndoor (Rogers), D. Medium, round, red, sweet, early, second quality ; a very pretty Apple. Baron Ward (Paul & Son), D. Small, round, green, streaked, late, second class ; pretty. Barton’s Free Bearer (Pearson), D. or C. Small, round, streaked red, acid, mid-season; worthless. Barton’s Incomparable (Veitch), D. Small, conical, greenish yellow, mid-season, second quality; free bearer. Barton’s Noble (Hobbs). Bascombe Mystery (R.H.S.), D. Medium, flat, angular, ereen, late, second class. Bath. Apple (Cranston), Cider. Medium, conical, greenish yellow, flushed, firm. * Baumann’s Red Winter Reinette (R.H.S.), C. or D. Medium, flat, red, firm, late, second class; handsome ; free bearer. Tt Baxter’s Favourite (Southall). Baxter’s Pearmain, D. or C. Large, oblong, slightly angular, green, tinged with russet and streaked red, acid, mid-season, first quality. Bazeley or Lee Apple (Howler, J.). Beachamwell (R.H.S.), D. Small, conical, dull green, covered with minute grey spots, very firm, sweet, first quality, mid-season. Beat’s Pippin (R.H.S.), D. Small, round, yellow, mid- season, sweet, second quality. *K—t- * * co tT DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 999 Beaufinette (Cummins). Beaumaris (Jones), D. Medium, conical, angular, reddish russet, mid-season, third quality. Beautiful Stripes (Pearson), C. Small, conical, streaked orange, acid, mid-season. Beauty of Bath (Cooling), Small, flat, greenish yellow, flushed and streaked, early, sweet, and pleasant; a pretty early Apple, second quality; resembles Jefferson’s. Beauty of Bath, C. Large, round, yellow, flushed red, mid- season, first quality ; resembles Small’s Admirable. Beauty of Bedford (White), D. Medium, round, angular, bronzy green, acid, late; worthless. Beauty of Hants, see Blenheim Orange. Beauty of Kent, C. Large, round, angular, greenish yellow, streaked, mid-season, first quality; a free and constant bearer. Beauty of Moray (Webster), C. Large, round, angular, ereenish yellow, mid-season; a favourite Apple in the north of Scotland. Beauty of Monteith (Drummond), resembles Lord Suffield. Beauty of Wallington (Cummins), C. Medium, round, angular, green, streaked red, firm, acid, late. Beauty of Waltham (W. Paul), D. or C. Medium, conical, yellow, streaked red, soft, acid, mid-season ; handsome. Beauty of Wells, see Grange Pippin. Beauty of Wells (Pragnell), C. Large, conical, yellow, sweet, mid-season; a very fine Apple. Beauty of Wilts (R.H.S.), C. Medium, flat, green, flushed red, mid-season, second quality; somewhat resembles Blenheim Orange. Beauty of Wilts, see Round Winter Nonesuch. Bedfordshire Foundling, C. Large, oblong, angular, pale ereen, flushed with russet, mid-season, first quality ; a fine handsome Apple. Bell Apple (Rogers), see Sweet Sheep’s Nose. Belle Agathe (Scott), D. Small, flat, angular, green, flushed red, sweet, late; worthless. Belle Bonne (Pearson), C. Large, round, greenish yellow, streaked, solid, acid, second quality. Belle d’Angers (Pragnell), D. or C. Medium, flat, angular, pale yellow with russet, flushed red, sweet ; worthless. Belle de Boskoop (Rivers), D. Large, round, yellow, streaked, brisk acid, mid-season, first quality; a very pretty Apple. Belle Dubois, see Gloria Mundi. Bellefleur Brabant, see Brabant Bellefleur. Belle Gloire (Peed), Small, ovate, greenish yellow, late ; worthless. 300 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Belle Imperiale, see Imperial. Belle Joseph (Bunyard), C. Large, conical, pointed and © angular, pale green, flushed, mid-season ; somewhat resembles Catshead. Belle Josephine (Bunyard), C. Large, conical, green, firm, mid-season, eye very large; very handsome. Belle Mousseuse (J. Scott), D. Small, conical, yellow, flushed, mid-season ; worthless. Belle Norman, Cider. + Belle Pontoise, Large, flat, green, flushed red, large open eye; handsome. Bellwood Pippin (McKinnon). Belmont, see Manks’ Codlin. Ben Joys (Ritchie), Cider. Small, round, red. Bennet’s Defiance, see Fearn’s Pippin. Benoni (Dunn), D. Small, flat, angular, bronze red, streaked, mid-season ; pretty, but worthless. Benwell’s Large, see Pine Apple Russet. + Berkshire Gloire (Cheal), small, round, green, streaked. * Bess Pool, D. or C. Medium, conical, angular, green, russety red, streaked, very firm, late, second quality. 1 Bess Pool Improved (Frettingham). Betsey (R.H.S.), D. Small, flat, greenish russet, mid-season, first quality. * Betty Geeson (Rivers), C. Large, round, flat, pale green, : mid-season, eye large, deeply set, first quality. Bevan’s Seedling (Benson), D. or C. Medium, flat, pale yellow with red streaks, early, acid, second quality. Bidet (J. Scott), D. Small, flat, russet, flushed red, mid- season, third quality; worthless. Bijou (Rivers), D. Small, round, red, dry and inferior, early. Billy Berry (Ritchie), C. Medium, conical, pale yellow, flushed red, acid, late; very pretty. ft Bishop’s Hero (Gleeson), resembles Lord Suffield. Bishop’s Kernel (Ritchie), C. Small, round, green, flushed red, very acid, late. Bishop’s Thumb (Ward), see Coe’s Golden Drop. Bisingwood Russet, see Byson Wood Russet. * Bismarck (Bunyard), Large, flat, dark red flushed, eye closed, flesh firm, great cropper, first quality ; October. Bitter Scale (J. Scott), Cider. Small, conical, pale green. Bitter-sweet (Rogers), Cider. Medium, round, yellow flushed. Black-a-moor (Poynter), C. Medium, flat, angular, red streaked, mid-season; a very pretty Apple. Black Apple of Somerset (Cranston), C. Medium, round, bronzy green flushed, sweet, late. Black Bess (Rowson), C. Small, flat, bronzy green, very acid ; worthless. * * DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 301 Black Bitter-sweet (Graham), Cider. Small, flat, angular, yellow fiushed. Black Elenheim, see Bess Pool. Black Colvin (Ormiston), D. or C. Medium, round, angular, bronze, acid, late; worthless. Black Crab (Miles), C. Small, flat, dark red, acid, late; worthless. Black Jack (Cheal), Cider. Black Norman (Cranston), Cider. Small, round, dark red, flushed. Black Norman, see Barcelona Pearmain. Black Prince (Cranston), Cider. Medium, round, dark red. Black Rind (Haywood), C. Small, ovate, green flushed, acid ; worthless. Black Taunton (Cockbill), Cider. Small, round, red-streaked. Black Wilding (Cranston), Cider. Medium, conical angular, red. } Blanders (Saltmarsh), D. Small, flat, pale yellow, acid, mid-season, third quality; resembles Wyken Pippin. Bland’s Summer, see Hollandbury. Blenheim Orange, D. or C. Large, flat, occasionally oblong, orange, streaked red, sweet, tender, mid-season, eye large, open; first quality and very handsome, shy bearer on young trees. Blenheim Pippin, see Blenheim Orange. Blood Red (Lacaille), D. or C. Medium, round, deep red, soft, mid-season, third quality, flesh tinged with red; very pretty. Bloody Ploughman (Campsie), D. Medium, conical, deep scarlet, very acid, mid-season; handsome, but worthless. Blue Pearmain (R.H.S.) D. or C. Large, round, streaked, dark purple with bluish bloom, sweet but not brisk, second quality ; very handsome. Bluestone Pippin, see Hambledon Deux Ans. Blushing Bride (Robertson), C. Large, ovate, angular, pale yellow, flushed, firm, mid-season. Bohmer (R.H.5.) D. Small, round, pale golden, mid-season ; worthless. Bonbonnier (Haycock), D. Medium, round, angular, green, flushed, late; worthless. Bonrouge, see Hollandbury. Borovitsky, see Duchess of Oldenburg. Borsdorffer (R.H.S.), D. Small, roundish, pale yellow, flushed red, firm, sweet, mid-season, first quality. Bosberry (Ritchie), Cider. Small, round, red streaked. Bossom, see Queen Caroline. Boston Russet, C. Medium, conical, angular, greenish russet, slightly flushed, late, first quality. 02, JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. sy) Boutigny (Scott), D. Small, round, yellow, firm, late; worthless. Bower Ainton Broadcap (Scott), Cider. Small, round, yellow, flushed. Brabant Bellefleur (R.H.S.), C. Large, oblong, angular, ereenish yellow, streaked red, firm, mid-season, often covered with a fine bloom, first quality ; handsome. Braddick’s Nonpareil, D. Medium, flat, slightly angular, ereen and flushed bronzy russet, very brisk, mid-season, first quality ; a great bearer. Bradley’s Favourite (Ritchie), Cider. Small, ovate, streaked russet, extremely acid. Bradley’s Golden Pearmain (Wheeler), D. Medium, conical or oblong, streaked yellow, mid-season, sweet, second quality ; a very pretty Apple. Bradley’s Golden Pippin, see Golden Harvey. Bradley’s Pearmain, see Claygate Pearmain. Bramley’s Seedling (Merryweather), C. Large, flat, angular, green, streaked red, large open eye, firm, acid, late, first quality ; a very excellent culinary Apple. Bran Rose (Cranston), Cider. Medium, oblong, mottled red, flesh tinged red. Brandy Apple, see Golden Harvey. Brazier’s Fame (Saltmarsh), D. Small, conical, yellow streaked with russet, very acid, mid-season ; worthless. * Brickley Seedling (R.H.S.), D. Small, round, bronzy-green | streaked, firm, sweet, late, second quality. Bridgewater Pippin (Turner), D. or C. Medium, round, greenish yellow, early ; worthless. Brietling (Cummins), D. or C. Medium, even, green, sweet, mid-season ; worthless. Bringewood Pippin (Stacey), D. Small, conical, golden, very firm, late, second quality; resembles Yellow Ingestrie, but later. Bringewood Pippin (Turner), C. medium, conical, even, pale green flushed, acid, mid-season; a very pretty and distinct Apple. Bristol Apple (Brymer), small, round, green, Nonpareil class. Broad Eyed Pippin (Cockbill), C. Small, flat, with broad open eye, red streaked, mid-season ; pretty. Broad Eyed Pippin (Garland), Cider. Medium, conical, ereen. Broad Eyes (Cheal), C. or Cider. Medium, flat, very angular, red streaked, mid-season. Broad Nosed Pippin (Warden). Broad Tail (Cranston), Cider. Medium, round, with broad base, flushed yellow. * DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 303 Broeckhead Seedling (Poynter), D. or C. Medium, round, streaked yellow, brisk, mid-season. Bromley (Cranston), Cider. Medium, flat, red streaked. Broughton Pippin (Cummins), D. Small, round, red streaked, mid-season; worthless. Brown Cockle’s Pippin, see Cockle’s Pippin. Brown Eyes (Poynter), D. Small, conical, green russet, sweet, mid-season; worthless. Brown’s Caroline (Saunders), see Summer Strawberry. * Brown’s Codlin (Veitch), D. or C. Small, conical, bronzy green, flushed; worthless. Brown’s Codlin, see Queen Caroline. | Brown’s Imperial Russet (R.H.S.), see Mononisten Reinette. Brown’s Pippin, see Claygate Pearmain. Brown’s Queen Caroline, see Queen Caroline. Brown’s Seedling, see Queen Caroline. * Brownlee’s Russet (R.H.S.), D. Medium, round, uniform light russet, firm, mid-season. Brunswick Codlin (Cockbill), C. Large, conical, even, pale green flushed bronze, dry flesh, mid-season, second quality ; a very handsome Apple. Buckingham (Rivers), D. or C. Medium, oblong, green, streaked, mid-season, second quality; a very handsome Apple. Buff (Scott), Cider. Small, conical, dark green, streaked. Bullet Pearmain (Ritchie), D. Medium, conical, greenish russet, mid-season ; worthless ; Bull’s Golden Reinette (Saltmarsh), D. Medium, oblong, large open eye, greenish, streaked, mid-season, first quality ; very handsome. Bulster Hill (Lacaille), C. Small, flat, angular, flushed red, soft, early ; worthless. Burchardt’s Reinette (R.H.S.), D. Medium, flat, pale yellow, netted with russet, acid, mid-season, second quality. Burchardt’s Seedling, see Burchardt’s Reinette. Bures Sweet, Cider. Medium, flat, ereen. Burford Red (Cranston), C. Medium, flat, dark red, streaked, acid, late; a handsome Apple. Burgin (Pearson), C. or D. Small, conical, pale yellow, flushed, acid, late; worthless. Burn Apple, Cider. Small, round, green. Burr Knot (Cranston), C. Medium, round, angular, green, flushed bronze, acid, mid-season. Butcherin, Cider. Medium, conical, angular, deep red, streaked, early, flesh streaked red. Byson Wood Russet (R.H.S.), D. Small, flat, greenish russet, late, second quality, long stalk. 304 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Cabbage Apple (Rogers), D. small, flat, streaked yellow; worthless. Cadbury, see Winter Fullwood. Calander (Pragnell), C. Medium, round, flushed yellow, soft, acid, yellow; worthless. Calecot’s Seedling (Turner), D. or C. Medium, flat, red streaked, mid-season; resembles Nonesuch. Caldwell, see Rymer. Calf’shead, C. Calville, C. Small, ovate, streaked red, late; worthless. Calville Blanche, D. or C. Large, flat, angular, greenish white, flesh very tender, sweet; requires to be grown on walls or under glass; first quality. Calville Blanche d’Hiver, see Calville Blanche. Calville Boisbunel (Veitch), D. or C. Large, round, streaked, bronzy green, sweet, mid-season, first quality. Calville du Dantzig (Veitch), D. Small, round angular, red, sweet, early, second quality. Calville du Haire (Veitch), see London Pippin. Calville Garibaldi (Veitch), C. Medium, flat, green, soft, sweet, mid-season, second quality. Calville Gloire de Doué (Scott), D. Small, round, bronze ; worthless. Calville Malingre (Haycock), C. or D. Large, round, pale bronze, red streaked, very firm, late, first quality ; a very handsome and distinct Apple. Calville Pippin (King), D. Small, flat, red; worthless. Calville Rouge (Dunn), C. Large, roundish angular, streaked and spotted with bright red, soft, early, flesh tinged red ; very handsome. Calville Rouge d’Automne (Dunn), C. or Cider. Large, conical, angular, dark purplish red, soft, mid-season, flesh deeply tinged red. Calville Rouge d’Hiver (Moorhouse), C. Large, oblong, angular, deep red, late, flesh tinged red. Calville Rouge Précoce (R.H.8.), D. Medium, round, red, beautifully spotted throughout, sweet, early, second quality ; a very handsome Apple. Calville St. Sauveur, C. Large, conical, angular, pale green, flushed, mid-season, cooks well, first quality. Calville Vineux (Rivers), D. or C. Medium, oblong, angular, pale yellow, sweet, firm, mid-season, first quality. Cambridge Pippin (Rivers), C. Large, oblong, angular, pale green, mid-season, first quality. Cambusnethan Pippin (Dunn), D. or C. Medium, flat, large open eye, streaked yellow, sweet, early ; a favourite Scotch Apple. Canada Red (Mundell), C. Small, round, angular, bronzy green, firm, late. i DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 805 Canterbury, see Mabbott’s Pearmain. Cap of Liberty, Cider. Small, round, red, streaked. * Caraway Russet (Lee), D. Small, flat, light russet, large open eye, late, first quality. * Cardinal (Cheal), D. Small, round, streaked yellow ; worthless. 7 Cardross (Drummond), green. Carel’s Seedling, C. * Carlisle Codlin (R.H.S.), C. Medium, oblong, angular, greenish yellow, flushed, very acid, mid-season; an ex- cellent culinary Apple. + Carlton Seedling (Divers), Large, flat, pale green; resembles Warner’s King ; mid-season, first quality. Carnation (R.H.8.), D. Medium, round, green, streaked, acid, late, third quality. Caroline, C. * Carse o’ Gowrie (King), C. Large, flat, angular, pale green, flushed, firm, acid, late; resembles Tower of Glamis. Castle Leno Pippin, see Red Astrachan. * Castle Major (Goldsmith), C. Very large, round, angular, pale yellow, flushed red, late; very handsome. * Catshead, C. Very large, oblong, angular, deep green, flushed, firm, acid, mid-season; an excellent culinary Apple, moderate bearer. Catshead (Garland), Cider. Large, conical, angular, yellow, streaked. * Cellini, C. Large, conical, even, greenish yellow, streaked, soft, acid, early, first quality, eye large, open; handsome, great cropper. Chancellor (Neighbour), C. Medium, round, green, streaked, acid, soft ; worthless. Chapel, or Fullwood (Graham), D. Small, round, bronzy green ; worthless. Charleston Pippin, resembles Irish Peach. Chaze (Scott), D. Small, round, light russet, sweet, mid- season ; worthless. Cheat Boys, Cider. Small, conical, angular, red, streaked. Chelston Pie Maker (Poynter), C. Medium, ovate, yellow streaked, firm, mid-season, brisk flavour. Chelston Pippin, Cider. Medium, round, yellow. Chelston Long Keeper, see Red Winter Pearmain. Cherry Norman, Cider. Medium, round, bright red, streaked, acid, soft; worthless. Cherry Orchard, see Norfolk Paradise. Cherry Pearmain, D. or C. Medium, round, red, streaked, sweet, mid-season; worthless. * Cheshunt Pippin (Rivers), D. or C. Medium, flat, red streaked, large open eye, soft, mid-season, second quality, handsome. U 30 * % mJ 6 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Chester Pearmain (Scott). Chester Pippin (Griffin), C. Medium, flat, angular, light copper, streaked, firm, acid, late; very pretty and dis- tinct. Child’s Perfection. Chisel Jersey (Scott), see Jersey Chisel. Christie’s Pippin (Wheeler), D. Small, flat, greenish yellow, russety, brisk acid, firm, mid-season, first quality. Christie’s Russet. Christie’s Woodstock Pippin (Ford), D. or C. Large, conical, angular, streaked yellow, firm, acid, mid-season, first quality. Cider House Russet, C. Small, flat, ight russet, late, second quality. Clark’s Pippin, see Downton Nonpareil. Clark’s Pippin (J. Dean), D. Small, flat, yellow, acid; worthless. Clarke’s Peason (Saltmarsh), D. Small, round, streaked red, early ; worthless. Clarke’s Pippin (Bunyard), D. Small, flat, greenish russet open eye, sweet, mid-season. Clarke’s Seedling (Merryweather), C. Medium, flat, deep green, flushed, large eye, hard, late. Clary Pippin (Saltmarsh), D. Small, round, green, russety, sweet, late, second quality. Claudius Friiher Spitz Apfel (R.H.8.), D. or C. Medium, round angular, greenish yellow, very sweet, early. Claygate Pearmain, D. Medium, conical, greenish russet, streaked, mid-season, first quality ; resembles the Ribston Pippin in flavour; free bearer. Cliff Pippin (Pearson), C. Medium, round, green, dry, acid ; worthless. Cliffey Seedling (Cranston), D. Small, round, red, sweet, early, third quality ; somewhat resembles Fearn’s Pippin. Clifton Nonesuch, see Old Nonesuch. Clove Pippin (Cummins) D. or C. Large, long, conical, ereenish yellow, mid-season, second quality. Cluster Golden Pippin (Rivers), D. Small, round, greenish yellow, acid, mid-season, third quality ; some of the fruit are produced with double crowns, or in united pairs, hence the name. Cluster Pippin, see Cluster Golden Pippin. Coalbrook, Cider. Large, flat, red streaked ; resembles Tom Putt. Coalbrook or Marrow Bone, see Tom Putt. Cobbett’s Fall Pippin, see Warner’s King. Cobham, see Golden Ducat. Cockle’s Pippin, D. Medium, ovate, pale green, freckled with DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 807 russet, mid-season, first quality ; a very excellent Sussex Dessert Apple. Cockpit (Slater), C. Small, ovate, angular, pale green, slightly flushed, brisk acid, late ; a very favourite sauce Apple in Yorkshire ; certain cropper. Cock’s Seedling (R.H.S.), D. or C. Medium, round, green, flushed, mid-season, third quality, stalk very long. Coe’s Golden Drop (R.H.5.), D. Small, conical, green, firm, sweet, late, first quality. Cogswell (R.H.8.), early, second quality. Colonel Harbord. * Colonel Vaughan, D.or C. Small, ovate, angular, red, flushed and streaked, acid, early, third quality; a pretty, free- bearing Apple. Comey, Cider. Small, conical, greenish yellow, flushed. Constanzer (R.H.8S.), D. Small, flat, yellow, flushed with russet, very firm, sweet, late ; worthless. Contor, see Dutch Mignonne. Contor, D. Small, round, ereenish yellow, acid, late ; worthless. Convent Nonpareil (Poynter), D. Medium, round, greenish russet ; worthless. Coole’s Seedling (J. Veitch & Sons), D. Small, round, yellow streaked, sweet, mid-season, first quality. Cooper’s Ambition (Gilbert), D. Medium, conical, angular, pale yellow streaked, sweet, mid-season; a very pretty Apple. Cooper’s Favourite. Copmanthorpe Crab, see Dutch Mignonne. Copmanthorpe Russet. Cornish Apple (Griffin), C. Small, ovate, yellow, first early. * Cornish Aromatic (R.H.S.), D. Medium, round, angular, streaked russet, sweet, mid-season, second quality. Cornish Crab, C. Large, ovate, green, very acid. * Cornish Gilliflower (Haycock), D. Medium, ovate, angular, greenish yellow, streaked russet, firm, sweet, mid-season ; very highly flavoured, shy bearer. Coronation Pippin (Ford), see Grange’s Pearmain. {7 Cortes (Dunn), Small, ovate, green flushed red; a pretty Apple. Costard (Cranston Nursery Company), C. Very large, oblong, green, soft, early ; a fine culinary Apple. Costard (Jefferies & Son), C. Small, conical, tapering, angular, yellow, streaked, acid, mid-season, third quality. Counsellor, see Yorkshire Beauty. | Counter Pippin (Cummins), D. Small, ovate, green ; worthless. Countess Howe (Harrison & Sons), D. Medium, round, angular, red, sweet, early, second quality. * Court Pendu Plat (R.H.S.), D. Medium, flat, with open eye, u 2 aod 808 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. * se co *—tf ay K ereenish russet, streaked red, very firm, sweet, late, first quality ; late flowering, good cropper. Court of Wick, D. Small, oblong or conical, pale yellow, streaked red with russet, firm, sweet, mid-season, first quality ; a very excellent Apple. Court of Victoria. Cox’s Orange Pippin (R.H.8.), D. Medium, round, greenish yellow, streaked red and russety, tender, sweet, rich, and excellent, mid-season, first quality. Cox’s Pomona (R.H.8.), C. or D. Large, flat, angular, pale ereen, red flushed and streaked, very beautiful, tender, brisk acid, mid-season, first quality, moderate cropper. Cox’s Redleaf Russet (J. Veitch & Sons), D. Small, round, russet, flesh green, sweet, late, first quality. Cowan’s Quoining (Griffin), Cider. Medium, ovate, angular, streaked yellow. Cowan’s Victoria (Cheal), D. Small, round, red streaked, soft, early ; worthless; resembling in appearance Forge. Cowarne Red, Cider. Small, round, bright red streaked, very pretty. Crackling Pippin, see Golden Reinette. Crackling Pippin, Cider. Medium, round, red streaked ; somewhat resembles Tom Putt. Cranston’s Seedling (Cranston Nursery Co.), C. Medium, round, green, flushed red, late. Creech Pearmain (Poynter), see Sturmer Pippin. Crimson Caraway Russet (Griffin), D. Small, flat, angular, large open eye, reddish russet, mid-season, flesh tinged red; in appearance like Trumpington. Crimson Costard (Watkins). Crimson Queen. Crimson Quoining (Turner), C. or Cider. Medium, conical, angular, deep red, sweet, mid-season ; very pretty. Croft Angry, see Dutch Mignonne. Crofton (Paul & Son), D. Small, flat, light russet, brisk, mid- season, first quality. Crofton Pippin, see Scarlet Crofton. Crofton, Scarlet, see Scarlet Crofton. Croisette (Benson), C. Medium, round, red, mid-season, third quality ; handsome. Crockstalk, Cider. Small, conical, green russet; stalk ter- minating in a fleshy curled knob. Crown Apple (Cranston Nursery Co.), C. Medium, conical, red streaked, firm, acid, mid-season. Crump, Cider. Medium, round, red streaked. Crystal Palace (Pearson), C. Large, flat, angular, very pale ereen, acid, mid-season, flesh very white. Crystal Pippin (King), D. Small, flat, red streaked, mid- seascn, inferior. * # DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. ? 809 Cullen (Lane & Son), C. Large, round, angular, green, late, first quality ; good culinary. Culver Russet (Scott), see Syke House Russet. Cumberland Favourite, see Yorkshire Beauty. Curltail (Cheal), C. Medium, round and ovate, angular, pale ereen, mid-season, second quality; stalk inserted in a peculiar curled fleshy knob. Curry Codlin (Poynter), C. Very large, conical, angular, flushed red, soft, dry flesh, early ; resembles Hollandbury. Custard Apple (Fairgrieve), C. Small, long conical, pale ereen, early ; worthless. D. T. Fish, see Warner’s King. Dacre (Crossland), C. Medium, oblong, angular, green, flushed red, acid, very late. Dalton’s Exquisite (Gilbert), D. Medium, conical, angular, streaked yellow, sweet, mid-season, first quality. Dalzell Manse Codlin, C. Medium, long, tapering, angular, flushed. Danvers’ Bitter-sweet, Cider. Medium, flat, greenish, red streaked, late; worthless. Danvers’ Winter Sweet (Turner). D’Arcy Spice (Saltmarsh), see Baddow Pippin. Darlington, D. Small, round, pale green ; worthless. Dartmouth Crab, see Hyslop Crab. Dean’s Codlin (Haycock), see Pott’s Seedling. Debtsling Pippin (Killick), D. Medium, conical, streaked golden russet, flesh soft, acid, early, third quality. D’Eclat, see Scorpion. Dedham Russet (Ward), D. Medium, ovate, greenish russet, mid-season, second quality. Deepdene Pearmain (Matthews), see Claygate Pearmain. Deitzer’s Gold Reinette (R.H.8.), D. Small, round, yellow, sweet, early, first quality. Derbyshire Crab (R.H.8.), C. Medium, ovate, pale green, acid; worthless. Deux Ans (R.H.8.), D. or C. Small, conical, angular, green, flushed dull brown, very hard, firm, acid, late; worthless. Deux Ans Hambledon, see Hambledon Deux Ans. Devonshire, Cider. Large, round, streaked yellow, early. Devonshire Bitter-sweet, Cider. Medium, flat, angular, green, late. Devonshire Buckland (R.H.8.), D. or C. Medium, flat, wide eye, very pale green, nearly white, firm, solid, late, second quality. Devonshire Court Pendu. | Devonshire Nine Square, resembles Tom Putt. Devonshire Quarrenden (R.H.§8.), D. Small, flat, dark red, early, second quality, great bearer. 810 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULIUKAL SOCIETY. Devonshire Queen (Jefferies), C. or Cider. Large, round, red streaked, early ; a very handsome Apple. Devonshire Red, Cider. Medium, round, angular, dark red. Devonshire Striped (Cockbill), C. Medium, conical, russet, streaked red, dry, mid-season. Dicksey’s Greening, C. Small, conical, greenish yellow, firm, acid, late ; worthless. Doctor, see Ringer. Doctor Harvey (J. Veitch & Sons), C. or D. Large, round, pale yellow, soft, sweet, tender, mid-season, first quality ; ereatly resembling in appearance Waltham Abbey Seed- ling. * Doctor Hogg (Ford), C. Large, long conical, angular, pale ereen, firm, mid-season, second quality. Dog’s Snout (Crossland), D. or C. Small, conical, pale yellow, flushed bronze, mid-season; worthless. Dolphine (King), resembles Norfolk Storing. Domine (Scott), C. Medium, conical, greenish yellow, very acid, mid-season ; worthless. Domino (Bradley), C. Large, oblong, angular, greenish yellow, flushed red, soft, early; a fine, early Codlin ; first quality. Donabety, see Kerry Pippin. Doncaster Pearmain, see Claygate Pearmain. Doonside (Dunn), C. Small, round, angular, green, streaked, acid, mid-season. Dorchester, C. Medium, conical, ereen, streaked, late ; worth- less. + Doux Argent, Medium, flat, pale green, flushed, late. Doveton Seedling (R. Veitch & Son), D. Medium, round, yellow, streaked, early ; worthless. Downe’s Jersey, D. Small, conical, streaked yellow, russet ; worthless. Downton, see Downton Pippin. Downton Nonpareil (R.H.8.), D. Small, flat, green with russet, firm, brisk acid, late, first quality. Downton Pippin (R.H.§S.), D. Small, conical, greenish yellow, brisk acid, mid-season, second quality ; a great bearer. Drap d’Or (Lee & Son), D. Small, round, pale yellow, early, second quality, long stalk. Draper’s Pippin (Ward), Small, round, even green; worth- less. * Dredge’s Emperor (Griffin), C. Small, round, yellow, streaked, mid-season, flesh very white. Dredge’s Fame (W. Paul & Son), C. Large, flat, greenish yellow, streaked, briskly acid, late, first quality. * Dredge’s Fame, resembles Blenheim Orange. Drilly Pippin (King), D. Small, round, yellow, early; worth- less. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 811 Drumlanrig Castle, see Warner’s King. Duchess (Grey), C. Medium, round, angular, green, soft, acid, mid-season ; worthless. Duchess of Glo’ster, see Duchess’s Favourite. * Duchess of Oldenburg (R.H.§8.), D. Medium, round, yellow, streaked red, brisk acid, early, first quality ; great bearer. * Duchess of York (Thompson), see Duchess’s Favourite. Duchess’s Favourite (Killick), D. Small, round, red, early, flesh white tinged red; a fine early Apple, great bearer. Duck’s Bill (8S. Ford), C. Medium, conical, bronzy-red with russet, firm, acid, late, second quality ; a pretty Apple, great cropper. Ducket, see Golden Ducat. Duhalder (Paul & Son), C. Medium, conical, angular, greer, late. Duke of Beaufort (R.H.S.), C. Large, flat, angular, dark ereen, streaked red, firm, acid, late. Duke of Devon (Grey), see Red Astrachan. Duke of Devonshire (Lane), D. Medium, round, flat, sreenish russet, firm, sweet, first quality, mid-season. * Duke of Glo’ster (Gilbert), C. Medium, flat, green, firm, acid, late, first quality. Duke of Glo’ster (R.H.8), D. Medium, oblong, streaked yellow, acid, mid-season ; resembles King of the Pippins. Duke of Wellington, see Dumelow’s Seedling. Duke William (Crossland), D. Medium, round, yellow, acid, early ; worthless. Dumelow’s Seedling, C. Larse, round, clear pale ereen, occasionally flushed, firm, very acid, late, large open eye, first quality. Dumpling Apple (Rogers), C. Medium, roundish, green, mid- season. Dumpling Apple, C. or Cider. Large, round, green, flushed. Duncombe’s Seedling (Gilbert), D. or C. Small, conical, pale green, mid-season. Dundee (R.H.S), D. Small, flat, hght russet, dry, mid-season first quality. Dunmore (Drummond), Medium, oblong, angular. Dunmore Pearmain, see Yorkshire Beauty. Dunning’s Russet (Poynter), D. or C. Large, round, streaked yellow, soft, early, inferior. Dunster Bitter-sweet, Cider. Large, round, angular, sreenish yellow. Dunster Cider, Cider. Dunster Codlin (Poynter), see Tower of Glamis. * Dutch Codlin, see Royal Codlin. ‘ Dutch Fullwood (Lee & Son), C. Medium, oblong, greenish yellow, flushed, firm, sweet, mid-season. 3 ate 12 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Dutch Kernel, C. or Cider. Large, round, angular, streaked yellow, early. Dutch Mignonne, D. or C. Medium, round, green russety, streaked, very firm, late, long stalk, second quality; a ereat bearer. Dyer (R.H.8.), C. Medium, round, pale yellow, soft, mid- season; worthless. Early Apple, see Irish Peach. Early Cob (Griffin). Early Cooker (Poynter), C. Medium, round, flattened, very pale green, sweet, dry, first early. Early Harvest (Pearson), D. Small, round, pale green, sweet, first early, first quality. Early Joe (Clark), D. Very small, conical, red, pretty, like a Crab, first early. Early Joe, see Duchess of Oldenburg. Early Julien, C. Small, flat, angular, pale green, very acid, first early, second quality : great bearer. Early June, see Karly Julien. Early Kent. Early Margaret (Clark), D. Small, conical, red streaked, sweet, soft, first early; a nice early Apple. Early Nonpareil, see Hicks’ Fancy. Farly Nonesuch, see Nonesuch. Early Pippin (Ritchie). Early Strawberry (Cranston Nursery Company), D. or C. Medium, conical, angular, flushed red, second quality, first early. Early Yellow, see Yellow Ingestrie. East Lothian Pippin (Brunton), C. Medium, round, flattened, pale yellow, soft, early. East Lothian Seedling (Brotherston), see Hast Lothian Pippin. Easter Pippin, see French Crab. Ebner’s Tapt Apfel, D. Small, round, pale yellow, mid- season ; worthless. Eecleston Pippin (Selwood), D. or C. Medium, round, angular, bronze green, soft, mid-season. Ecklinville, see Hicklinville Seedling. Ecklinville Pippin, see Hcklinville Seedling. Ecklinville Seedling, C. Large, flat, angular, pale straw, soft, early, first quality ; great and constant cropper. Hde’s Beauty (Cheal), D. Large, round, streaked yellow, sweet, soft, early, second quality ; pretty. Edging (Goldsmith), C. Small, conical, angular, green, mid- season ; worthless. Edinburgh Cluster (R.H.S.), D. or C. Medium, roundish, pale straw, mid-season, first quality. Me DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 313 Edmund Jupp (8. Ford), C. Medium, conical, yellow, acid, soft, early, second quality. Egg Apple (King), see Egg or White Paradise. Egg or White Paradise (Dunn), D. Small, ovate, greenish yellow, streaked, firm, mid-season, second quality ; a great bearer. Egremont Russet (Pragnell), D. Small, round, flattened, large open eye, light russet, mid-season, first quality. Eldon Pippin (J. Veitch & Sons), D. Medium, flat, orange yellow, streaked, sweet, mid-season, first quality. Eldon Pippin (R.H.8.), see Drap d’Or. Elford Golden Pippin (Cummins), D. Small, round, greenish yellow, firm, mid-season, third quality. Elletson’s Pine Apple (Saunders), C. Medium, flat, greenish yellow, flushed, soft ; worthless. Ellis’s Bitter (Garland), Cider. Small, round, ereen, streaked. Elsinore (Cummins), D. or C. Medium, conical, pale yellow, mid-season; a very pretty Apple. ; Elton Pippin (Ward). Emberson’s Apple (Warner), see Waltham Abbey Seedling. Emperor Alexander (R.H.S.), C. Large, conical, greenish yellow, streaked red, soft, acid, mid-season, second quality ; extremely handsome. Emperor Napoleon (I. C. Ford), C. Medium, flat, green, acid, mid-season ; worthless. Empress Eugenie (J. Scott), see Claygate Pearmain. Empress of Russia (R.H.8.), D. or C. Medium, flat, angular, yellow, flushed red, sweet, early, very long stalk, second quality. Enamel, C. Medium, round, green streaked. Englische Winter Gold Pearmain, see King of the Pippins. English Codlin (Jefferies), see Old English Codlin. English Konig Pearmain (R.H.8.),C. Medium, round, angu- lar, streaked, green, very acid, mid-season,second quality. English Orange (Ritchie), D. small, flat, flushed russet, early, third quality. English Pitcher (King), see Manks’ Codlin. English Red Lemon Reinette (R.H.S.), D. Medium, conical, aneular, greenish yellow, streaked, mid-season ; resembles King of the Pippins. Esopus Spitzenberg (Lane), D. Small, flat, angular, flushed russet, firm, sweet, late, second quality. Essex Pippin (Rivers), D. Medium, conical, angular, yellow flushed, mid-season ; worthless. Essex Spice, (Burnett), see Ribston Pippin. Evagil (R.H.S.), D. Small, flat, pale yellow, brisk acid, mid- season, third quality ; handsome. Evagil Pippin (Lane), see Evagil. 314 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. * Hive, see Mank’s Codlin. Eve Apple, see Trumpington. Even Pearmain. Evenden (Langridge), C. Medium, round, angular, bronze ereen, very acid, late. Everbearing (Poynter), see Keswick Codlin. Exhibition (Rivers), C. Medium, round, angular, yellow, streaked, firm, mid-season. Exhibition Banks (J. Scott), D. Small, flat, yellow, flushed sweet, late; worthless. Fail me Never (Jefferies), C. Large, round, very angular, pale yellow, soft, dry, early; worthless. Fail me Never, D. or C. Medium, conical, yellow, early ; third quality. Fail me Never, see Benoni. Fair Maid, resembles Keswick Codlin. Fair Maid of France (Kidd), D. or C. Medium, round, red streaked, acid, first early ; third quality. Fair Maid of Kent (R.H.S.), C. Large, round, green, flushed and streaked, soft, mid-season; somewhat resembles Beauty of Kent. Fair Maid of Taunton (Poynter), C. Medium, flat, angular, pale green, flushed, acid, late. Fair Maid of Taunton, see Dumelow’s Seedling. Fair Maid of Windsor (J. Scott), D. Small, round, yellow, | streaked, very sweet, early, second quality. Fairy (Pearson), D. Very small, round, pale yellow, flushed red; very pretty, a sort of Crab. Fairy Apple, see lairy. Fall Harvey (Cummins), C. Large, round, angular, green, sweet, soft; handsome. Fall Pippin (Haycock), C. Medium, oblong, angular, dark red, streaked, mawkish sweet; worthless. Fallwater (R.H.S.), C. Medium, round, angular, green, sweet, dry, mid-season. Fall Wine (J. Scott), C. or Cider. Small, flat, red streaked ; worthless. Fameuse, see Pomme de Neige. Farleigh Pippin (G. Bunyard & Co.), D. Medium, ecnical, ovate, greenish yellow, red streaked, very firm, mid-season ; ereat cropper; second quality, a handsome Apple. Farmer’s Glory (Thomas), C. Medium, round, green, flushed copper colour, acid, mid-season. Fat Ox, see Royal Codlin. Fearn’s Apple, see Cox’s Pomona. * Fearn’s Pippin, D. Small, flat, greenish yellow, red streaked, brisk, firm, mid-season; first quality; a very pretty Apple, goed cropper. * % DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 315 Fearnought (Ritchie), C. or Cider. Large, conical, angular, ereenish yellow, flushed, mid-season; handsome, coloured like Hollandbury. Federal Pearmain, resembles Claygate Pearmain. Fenouillet Rouge (Moorhouse). Ferndale, C. or Cider. Medium, round, red streaked. Fieftblithe (R.H.8.), D. Small, conical, pale green, flushed firm, late. Field’s Favourite (Ward), D. Medium, roundish, greenish yellow, acid, mid-season. Fillbasket, see Kentish Fillbasket. First and Last (J. Veitch & Sons), C. Medium, ovate, greenish yellow, flushed, acid, mid-season, very pretty. First and Last (Lane), C. Medium, round, angular, pale yellow, soft, early. Fish’s Golden Pippin (Clayton), D. Small, ovate, pale green, brisk, hard, late; werthless. Fish’s Pippin (R.H.8.), D. Small, round, bronze streaked, mid-season; worthless. Five Crown, see London Pippin. Five Crowned Pippin, see London Pippin. Flanders Pippin (Hooke), C. Large, flat, angular, bronzy red, streaked, brisk, sweet, first quality, late; a very fine handsome Apple. Flat Nonpareil (R.H.S.), D. Small, flat, green, firm ; worthless. Flemish Beauty (Mundell), D. Medium, flat, green russet, bright red flushed, very firm, late; somewhat resembles Court Pendu Plat. } Fletcher’s Seedling (Dickson), Medium, deep green. Flower of Herts (Jones), C. Medium, round, flattened, green, streaked, soft, late. Flower of Kent (J. Veitch & Sons), C. Large, flat, angular, large eye, bronzy green russet, streaked red, firm, mid- season. Flowery Town (Crossland), C. Medium, flat, angular, green, streaked, acid, late. Ford’s Pippin. Forest Styre, Cider. Small, round, pale yellow, flushed. Forester (Jones), C. Large, oblong, pale green, flushed russet, firm, mid-season. Forfar Pippin (J. Veitch & Sons), D. Medium, ovate, green, — mid-season ; second quality. / Forge (S. Ford), C. or D. Small, round, red streaked, early ; ' second quality ; a pretty coloured Apple. Forman’s Crew (R. Veitch & Son), D. Small, conical, green russet, mid-season ; second quality. Forman’s Crew, see Wadhurst Pippin. 816 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Formosa, see Pomme de Neige. Formosa Nonpareil, see Claygate Pearmain. Formosa Pippin (J. Scott), D. Medium, round, yellow, flushed, early ; third quality. Formosa Pippin, see Claygate Pearmain. Four Square (Bancroft). Fowler’s Pippin, see Claygate Pearmain. Foxwhelps, Cider. Medium, conical, yellow streaked, Francis Joseph (Paul & Son), C. Small, conical, angular, bronze green, acid, late. Franklin’s Golden Pippin (R.H.8.), D. Small, round, greenish yellow with grey spots, very brisk, acid, mid- season; second quality. Freask’s (R.H.8S.), C. Large, firm, round, green, faintly streaked red, late ; resembles Rhode Island Greening. French Bitter-sweet, Cider. Small, round, greenish yellow. French Codlin, Cider. Small, conical, orange, streaked red. French Codlin (R.H.S.), C. Small, long ovate, very pale yellow, early, long stalk; second quality ; very pretty. * French Crab, D. or C. Small, round, green, very firm, hard ; will keep two years. French Pippin (Doig), see Scarlet Pearmain. French Quoining (Ritchie), C. or Cider. Medium, ovate, angular, deep red, firm, mid-season, flesh tinged red. French Reinette, see Scarlet Pearmain. French Reinette (Pragnell), D. Small, conical, ight russet, late ; second quality. French Royal Russet, see Royal Russet. * Friar’s Pippin (King), D. Small, round, yellow, early, acid ; third quality. Frogmore Golden Pippin (Turner), D. Small, round, yellow, acid, mid-season ; third quality. Frogmore Nonpareil (Turner), D. Small, flat, pale yellow, brisk flavour, mid-season ; first quality; a very pretty Apple. * Frogmore Prolific (Jones), C. Large, round, pale yellow, soft, early ; first quality ; a great bearer. Frognell’s Kernel (Ritchie), C. Medium, ovate, pale green ; worthless. Fullwood, see Dutch Fullwood. Furnell’s (Cheal), C. or Cider. Large, round, green, flushed red ; worthless. Gadd’s Seedling, see Beauty of Kent. Gallibro Pippin, see Galloway Pippin. Galloway Pippin (J. Veitch & Sons), C. Medium, flat, even, open eye, very clear pale yellow, firm, acid, late; first quality ; a very handsome Apple. Galloway’s Apple, see Galloway Pippin. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. Olt Galway’s Pippin, see Galloway Pippin. Ganges, see Rhode Island Greening. Gardener’s Pippin (Wright), C. Medium, round, greenish yellow, firm, mid-season. Garrett’s Golden Pippin (Rowson), D. Small, round, yellow, early, acid ; third quality. Garrett’s Pippin, see Garrett’s Golden Pippin. Gascoigne’s Scarlet Seedling (G. Bunyard & Co.), D. or C. Small, conical, scarlet flushed, mid-season ; second quality. Gascoigne’s Seedling (Killick), D. or C. Medium, oblong, pale yellow streaked and flushed rosy pink, with a thick bloom, mid-season ; first quality, very handsome. Gascoigne’s Seedling (R.H.8.), C. Medium, flat, greenish yellow with broad streaks and splashes of dark brown, soft white watery flesh ; second quality, mid-season. Gay’s Harvest Reinette, see Kccleston Pippin. Gelber Richard (R.H.8.), C. Small, conical, pale yellow, firm, mid-season ; worthless. Gelber Winter Stettiner (R.H.8.), D. or C. Small, round, sreen, flushed, mid-season ; third quality. General Johnson, see Hoary Morning. German Apple (Cranston Nursery Company), C. Large, round, flattened, green, streaked red, acid, late; resembles Striped Beefing. German Codlin (Cranston Nursery Company), C. Large, conical, angular, streaked yellow, soft ; first quality. German Nonpareil, D. Small, round, greenish russet, late, brisk ; second quality. German Nonpareil, see Wyken Pippin. Gestreifter Herbst Siisse (R.H.S.), C. Small, oblong, curved, angular, pale green, streaked red; worthless; a very singularly formed Apple, sometimes very highly coloured. Gestreifter Reinette (R.H.S.), D. or C. Small, conical, angular, green, red flushed; third quality ; worthless. Gipsy King (J. Veitch & Sons), D. Small, round, flattened, bronzy russet, mid-season ; second quality. Gipsy Queen (J. Veitch & Sons), D. Small, flat, golden russet, flushed, brisk acid, mid-season ; second quality. Glamis Castle. Glass of Wine, see Court of Wick. | Gloria Mundi (R.H.S§.), C. Very large, flat, sometimes oblong, angular, pale green, firm, acid, very solid, mid-season ; second quality ; a somewhat shy bearer. Glory of Charlwood (Cheal), D. Small, round, red, mid- season; third quality ; resembles Fearn’s Pippin. Glory of England (Haywood), D. Medium, round, red streaked, very sweet, first early; second quality. 818 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. * * Glory of England (R.H.S.), see Gascoigne’s Seedling. Glory of Hants, see Ecklinville Seedling. Glory of the West (Cummins), C. Large, round, angular, ereen russet, dry, mid-season. Glory of the West (Lane), C. Medium, conical, pointed, yellow, flushed, soft, early. Gloucester Pippin, see Blenheim Orange. Gloucester Underleaf (Cranston Nursery Company), C. Medium, round, angular, green, flushed red, dry, mid- season; worthless. Glow of the West, see Golden Noble. Godolphin (Saunders), C. Small, conical, pale yellow, streaked acid, mid-season. Goff (G. Bunyard & Co.), C. Small, round, pale yellow, flushed and streaked red, firm, acid, late; second quality; much erown in Kent. Gogar or Stone (R.H.S.), D. Small, round, greenish yellow, firm, late; second quality. Gogar Pippin, see Gogar or Stone. Gold Apple (Saltmarsh), D. Small, round, angular, golden yellow, acid, early ; second quality. Gold Hill Red (Cranston Nursery Company), Cider. Small, round, very dark red, almost black. Golden Ball (R.H.8.), D. Small, round, greenish yellow, very firm, acid, mid-season ; resembles Cluster Golden Pippin. Golden Ball, see Devonshire Buckland. Golden Ball, Cider. Small, round, yellow. Golden Ball (Amer) (Rivers), D. or C. large, round, greenish yellow; resembles Waltham Abbey Seedling. Golden Cluster (Graham), C. Medium, conical, angular, ereen, flushed red, very acid, late. Golden Cluster Pippin, see Cluster Golden Pippin. Golden Drop, see Coe’s Golden Drop. Golden Ducat (Pragnell), D. or C. Large, round, angular, pale yellow, streaked, brisk acid, mid-season ; first quality ; resembles a pale Blenheim Orange. Golden Farmer (J. Scott), D. Small, conical, golden, mid- season ; first quality. Golden Harvey (Wheeler), D. Small, conical, open eye, light russet, flushed red, sometimes streaked, flesh firm, yellow, rich, sweet, mid-season ; first quality. Golden Knob (G. Bunyard & Co.), D. Small, round, grey russet, firm, acid, mid-season; second quality ; much erown in Kent. Golden Monday (King), D. or C. Large, round, angular, yellow, streaked, early; third quality. Golden Noble (R.H.8.), C. Large, round, clear pale yellow, firm, solid, acid, mid-season; first quality; a very hand- some Apple, and great cropper. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 819 Golden Nonpareil (R.H.S.), D. Small, round, golden russet, very hard, late; third quality. Golden Orange (Clark), D. or C. Medium, conical, angular, pale-green, flushed, mid-season ; resembles Golden Winter Pearmain. Golden Pearmain, see Golden Winter Pearmain. Golden Pine Pippin. Golden Pippin, see Old Golden Pippin. Golden Pippin, Summer, see Summer Golden Pippin. Golden Pitmaston, see Pitmaston Golden Pippin. Golden Reinette (R.H.S.), D. Medium, round, inclining to conical, large open eye, greenish orange streaked with red, mid-season ; first quality; resembles King of the Pippins ; very handsome. Golden Russet (Turner), D. Small, conical, golden russet, sometimes flushed crimson, firm, sweet, mid-season ; first quality. Golden Russet Nonpareil, see Old Nonpareil. Golden Russet Nonpareil (W. Paul & Son), D. Small, flat, erey, russet, dry, sweet, yellow flesh, mid-season. Golden Russet Pearmain (Goldsmith), D. Small, flat, green- ish russet, hard, late; worthless. Golden Spire (G. Bunyard & Co.), C. Medium, tall, conical, angular, very clear orange yellow, soft, early ; first quality ; a very handsome Apple. Golden Stranger (Mundell), see Golden Noble. Golden Vining, D. Small, conical, yellow russet, mid-season ; third quality. Golden Winter Pearmain (R.H.§S.), D. Medium, round, ereenish yellow, hard, mid-season; third quality ; some- what confused with King of the Pippins, but distinct. Golding, see Gooseberry Pippin. _Golph. Goodmore (Ritchie), C. or Cider. Small, flat, red-streaked, acid, mid-season. Goodenough Nonesuch (Rivers), see Goodenough Pippin. Goodenough Pippin (Lane), D. or C. Medium, round, yellow, streaked red, early; second quality. Goose Apple (Ritchie), C. Large, conical, pale green, soft, mid-season. Goose Green (Garland). Gooseberry Pippin (J. Veitch & Sons), C. Large, oblong, angular, sometimes flat, green, very firm, solid, late; first quality. Gooseberry Pippin (Dickson), C. Small, conical, even, green, late. Gooseberry ae Cider. x Gospatrick (Ross), C. Medium, long conical, angular, greenish yellow, soft, mid-season ; first quality. 320 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Gossing’s Codlin (Gilbert), C. Medium, conical, pale green, soft, acid, mid-season. Gough’s Seedling, see Golden Noble. Goygad Pippin. Graham’s Apple (J. Veitch & Sons), D. Medium, round, ereen streaked, late; third quality. Graham’s Giant, see New Hawthornden. Graham’s Pippin (King), D. Small, ovate, green, late; third quality. Graham’s Russet (Fletcher’s). Grand Alexander, see Emperor Alexander. Grand Duke, see Grand Duke Constantine. Grand Duke Constantine (Pragnell), C. Very large, conical, flattened crown, pale straw, soft, early; second quality ; somewhat resembles Emperor Alexander. Grand Sultan (R. Veitch & Son), D. or C. Large, conical, angular, streaked yellow russet, flushed pink, soft, sweet, mid-season ; second quality; resembles Cornish Gilliflower. Grange (R.H.S.), C. Large, round,’ red streaked, late ; second quality. Grange Pippin (Paul & Son), C. Medium, flat, angular, pale green, flushed, flesh white, soft, mid-season, skin very smooth and greasy. Grange’s Pearmain (Dickson), C. Medium, flat, angular, ereen, streaked red, firm, late; first quality. | Grange’s Pearmain (Selwood), see Winter Pearmain. Granny Gifford (S. Ford), C. Medium, round, green, acid, mid-season ; second quality. Gravenstein (R.H.8.), D.orC. Large, flat, angular, pale yellow, streaked red, very sweet, rich, early ; first quality; a very handsome and high-flavoured Apple. Greasy Apple (R. Veitch & Son), Cider. Medium, conical, yellow, streaked, skin very greasy. Greaves’ Pippin (Shingles), C. Medium, angular, dark green bronzy russet, firm, late; resembles Alfriston. Greaves’ Wonder (Wood & Ingram), D. Small, round, red streaked, acid, early. Green Apple (Clark), C. Medium, conical, angular, green, acid, late. Green Balsam, see Rymer. Green Codlin (Clark), C. Large, flat, angular, greenish yellow, mid-season ; resembles Calville Blanche. Green Beefing, see French Crab. Green Bitter-sweet (Ritchie), Cider. Large, round, angular, streaked, greenish yellow ; resembles Beauty of Kent. Green Blenheim, see Hambledon Deux Ans. Green Chisel (Walker), C. Medium, round, greenish yellow, soft, early, yery long stalk. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 821 + Green Costard (Watkins), see Catshead. Green Dumpling (Cheal), C. Medium, round, angular, green, flushed, very acid, late. Green Fullwood (Rivers), D. Medium, round, pale green, firm, mid-season ; worthless. Green Goose, see Alfriston. Green Goring (Pearson), D. or C. Small, ovate, green, acid ; worthless. Green Gribble (Poynter), C. or Cider. Medium, conical, angular, pale green, mid-season. Green Kitchen, see Hambledon Deux Ans. Green Leadington, see Catshead. Green Nonpareil, see Petworth N ae ae Green Norman, Cider. Small, conical, dark green. Green Pearmain (Ritchie), D. Medium, round, green bronzed, late; third quality. Green Pearmain (Poynter), D. or C. Medium, conical, green, streaked, brisk, mid-season. Bro Pippin (Powell), Medium, round, deep green, flushed, ate. Green Soldier (Crossland), C. Medium, round, angular, green, streaked, acid, late; like Yorkshire Greening. Green Sweet (J. Scott), Cider. Small, flat, angular, pale green. Green Wilding. Greening or Transparent, see Transparent. * Greenup’s Pippin, see Yorkshire Beauty. Greenwood Russet, see Wareham Russet. * Grenadier (G. Bunyard & Co.), C. Large, oblong, angular, greenish yellow, mid-season; first quality; a very fine handsome Apple. Grey Cheek. ~ Grey Leadington, C . Large, eee angular, green, soft, early. Grey Pippin (Saltmarsh), C. or D. Medium, round, green, - netted with russet, late. Grimes’ Golden (J. Veitch & Sons), D. or C. Small, oblong, angular, yellow, sweet, mid-season. Gros Fenouillet (Haycock), C. Medium, conical, green, streaked, late; second quality. Gros Papa (J. Scott), C. or Cider. Medium, round, green, flushed ; worthless. Gros Pigeonet, see Baumann’s Red Winter Reinette. Grosse Cuisse (Saunders), C. Medium, round, yellow, flushed, acid, mid-season. Grosser Bohmer Apfel (R.H.8.), D. Small, conical, green, flushed red, very firm, sweet, late. Grosser Casselar Reinette, see Dutch Mignonne. Griiner Fiursten Apfel (R.H.S.), D. or C. Medium, round, even, greenish yellow, flushed, very firm, mid-season. x 822 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Guernsey Pippin, see Golden Harvey. Haddow Pippin, D. Medium, conical, angular, yellow streaked, early; resembles Duchess of Oldenburg. Haggerstone Pippin, D. Small, conical, streaked, yellow, very hard, late. Hagloe Pippin (J. Scott), D. Medium, round, streaked red, mid-season ; second quality. Haigh Pippin. Hail Apple, C. * Hall Door (Rust), C. Medium, long, conical, orange, much * ae streaked with red, flesh dry, acid, mid-season ; third quality ; a very pretty Apple. Hambledon, see Hambledon Deux Ans. Hambledon Deux Ans (R.H.S.), C. Large, round, even, green- ish russet, streaked, flesh dry, acid, late; second quality. Hamilton’s, see Hambledon Deux Ans. Hammond’s Jersey Pippin (Parker), D. Small, flat, light russet, mid-season. Hammond’s Pearmain (Rivers), see Hammond’s Pippin. Hammond’s Pippin (Saunders), D. Medium, conical, green, soft, mid-season. Hampshire Nonesuch (Brunton), D. or C. Small, conical, angular, streaked yellow, mid-season. Hamsell, C. or Cider. Medium, round, angular, red streaked, early ; third quality. Handsome Norman, Cider. Small, conical, green, russet. Hangdown Pippin, Cider. Medium, round, angular, red streaked. Hangdowns (S. Ford), D. or C. Medium, conical, yellow, streaked red, flesh dry; a very pretty Apple, but worthless. Hanwell Souring (R.H.8.), C. Large, conical, even, greenish russet, red streaked, firm, acid, mid-season ; first quality. Hard Bearer, Cider. Medium, yellow, streaked. Hard Iron (8. Ford), D. Small, flat, green, russet, very firm, late; worthless. Harold Pippin (W. Paul & Son), D. Small, round, even, red streaked. Harryman, see Gravenstein. Harvey’s Everlasting, see Allen’s Everlasting. Harvey’s Russet (Brunton), D. Small, conical, pale russet, mid-season ; second quality. Harvey’s Wiltshire Defiance (Dickson), see Scorpion. Hawley, see Hawthornden. Hawthornden (R.H.S.), C. Medium, round, flattened, pale green, flushed red at times, flesh white, acid, early ; first quality ; a great bearer, tree subject to canker. Hawthornden New, see New Hawthornden. Hawthornden Old, see Hawthornden. OO ———— — DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 323 Hawthornden Red, see Hawthornden. Hawthornden Winter, see Winter Hawthornden. Hay’s Seedling (McKinnon). Medium, flat, pale green, mawkish sweet; worthless. Henry Apple, Cider. Very small, conical, green, very firm. Henri Decaisne (Peed), Large, flat, angular, deep green, eye closed, stalk deeply inserted. Hereford Russet (Pearson), D. Small, round, russet, late ; third quality. Herefordshire Beefing (Cranston Nursery Company), C. Small or medium, flat, dark purplish red, firm, late; third quality ; a very pretty Apple, and great bearer. Herefordshire Crimson Quoining (G. Bunyard & Co.), C. or Cider. Medium, ovate, angular, bright red, sweet, mid- season. . Herefordshire Pearmain (Cranston Nursery Company), D. or C. Medium, conical, even, greenish russet, streaked red, firm, sweet; first quality, somewhat of the Ribston flavour; resembles Claygate Pearmain. Herefordshire Pippin. Small, round, yellow, flushed; worthless. Herefordshire Sack Apple, see Sack. Hertford Sweet (Rivers), D. Medium, round, green, sweet, late; third quality. Hicks’ Fancy (R.H.S.), D. small, round, greenish yellow with a little russet, firm, brisk acid flavour, early, stalk long ; first quality ; a great bearer. Higgs’ Seedling (R.H.S.), Medium, conical, angular, pale straw, soft, early. Hill’s Seedling, see Cox’s Pomona. - Histon Favourite (Wood & Ingram), C. Medium, conical, even, greenish yellow, flushed, mid-season ; a very hand- some Apple, much grown in Cambridgeshire. Hoary Morning, C. Large, round, even, bright red streaked, with dense grey bloom, mid-season; second quality; a very handsome Apple. Hoffner’s Golden Reinette (R.H.S.), D. Medium, round, flattened, open eye, greenish orange streaked, sweet, mid- season; second quality; a very handsome Apple. Holbert’s Prince Albert, D. Holbert’s Victoria (Paul & Son), D. Small, conical or ovate, light grey russet, firm, rich, sweet, late ; resembles Golden Harvey. Hole Apple (Ritchie), resembles Yorkshire Beauty. Holker Pippin, see Duke of Devonshire. Holland Pippin (Woodbridge), D. Medium, conical, green, flushed, mid-season. Holland Pippin, see Pott’s Seedling. x 2 324 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. * Hollandbury (R.H.8.), C. Large, conical, angular, pale ereen, flushed bright scarlet, soft, very white flesh, acid, mid-season; second quality; an extremely laundsome Apple. Holncote, Sweet (Garland), Cider. Medium, round, yellow, streaked. * Hollow Core (R. Veitch & Son), C. Medium, conical, red, russet streaked, mid-season. Hollow Crown Pippin (Paul & Son), D. or C. Medium, flat, green, late ; worthless. Holtzen’s Herbst Apfel, see Edmund Jupp. Honeycomb (J. Scott), D. or C. Medium, conical, even, red streaked, mid-season ; worthless. Hook Street Pippin. * Hormead Pearmain (Dickson), C. Large, conical, even, ereenish yellow, russety, brisk flavour, mid-season; first quality ; a very handsome Apple. Horner (J. Scott), D. Small, round, yellow, mid-season; inferior. Hornson (Rogers), C. Medium, conical, angular, greenish yellow, firm, brisk, early. Hotchkin Pippin (Rivers). Howick King (Rollo), C. Medium, conical, angular, green, flushed bronze, late. Hubbard’s Pearmain (Saltmarsh), D. or C. Medium, conical, ereen, mid-season; third quality. * Hubbard’s Pearmain (Lee), D. Small, flat, yellow, firm, mid-season ; first quality. Hubbard’s Russet Pearmain (Brunton), D. Medium, conical, angular, reddish russet, mid-season ; third quality. Hubbardstone’s Nonesuch (R.H.S.), D. Medium, round, copper coloured, streaked, sweet, late. * Hughes’ Golden Pippin (Goldsmith), D. Small, flat, greenish yellow, firm, mid-season ; first quality. Hughes’ Nonpareil, D. Hulbert’s Victoria (Paul & Son), see Holbert’s Victoria. * Hunthouse (Pearson), C. Small, conical, angular, green, russety, firm, acid; great bearer. Hunthouse Pippin (Rowson), D. or C. Small, conical, pale © ereen ; worthless. Huntingdon Codlin (Wood & Ingram), C. Large, long conical, angular, pale orange, mid-season; first quality; a very fine-looking Apple. Hunt’s Deux Ans (Lee & Son), D. or C. Small, conical, pale green, bronze flush, very firm, late; will keep two years ; worthless. Hunt’s Duke of Glo’ster (J. Veitch & Sons), D. Small, flat, russet, mid-season; first quality. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 825 Hunt’s New Green Newton Pippin (R.H.8.), D. Medium, round, green, flushed, firm, late. Hunt’s Nonpareil (Benson), D. Small, round, light russet, late; second quality. Hunt’s Royal Nonpareil (Rivers), D. Small, round, green, russet, flushed, late; resembles Old Nonpareil. Hunt’s Royal Red (R.H.8.), D. Small, round, bronze red, sweet, firm, late. Hurmann’s or Herman’s Pippin (Poynter), C. or D. Medium, conical, even, green, streaked, acid, late. Hussey’s Pearmain (J. Scott), C. or Cider. Medium, round, flushed yellow, acid, mid-season; a very handsome Apple. Hutton Square (Crossland), C. Large, roundish ovate, angular, greenish yellow, flushed, late. Hyslop Crab, Deep crimson fruit, very prolific and ornamental. Hyslop Pippin, see Hyslop Crab. Imperial (Paul & Son), D. Small, flat, angular, red streaked, firm, late; second quality. Improved Ashmead’s Kernel (Lee & Son), D. Medium, flat, ereenish russet, flushed, acid; greatly resembles Brad- dick’s Nonpareil. * Improved Bess Pool (Pearson), D. Medium, oblong, greenish russet, flushed and streaked dark red, late; a larger and improved form of the Old Bess Pool. Improved Keswick Codlin (Harrison), Medium, roundish, angular, pale straw, acid; later and of more rounded form than the Keswick Codlin. Improved Red Cap (J. Scott), Cider. Medium, conical, red flushed. 7 Inchmahone (Drummond), Medium, round, green streaked, red, firm, acid, late; resembles Rymer. * Incomparable, see Lewis’s Incomparable. Incomparable Red (Jefferies), C. or D. Medium, conical, yellow, flushed red, mid-season ; very pretty. Ingestrie, see Yellow Ingestrie. Irish Cluster (King), D. Small, round, angular, flushed, yellow; worthless. Irish Codlin, see Carlisle Codlin. Irish Giant (Turner), C. Very large, round, angular, pale green, streaked ; somewhat resembles Beauty of Kent. Irish Greening (Reid), D. Small, round, angular, greenish yellow, sweet, early; third quality. + Irish Peach (Dickson & Co.), D. Medium, flat, warm yellow, streaked, sweet tender flesh ; first quality; first early. * Trish Pitcher (Dunn), C. Small, round, greenish yellow, acid, early ; like Hawthornden. Irish Russet, see Sam Young. Iron Apple, see Brabant Bellefleur. 326 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. * Iron Jack (Haywood), D. Small, round, angular, yellow, streaked, with numerous white spots, sweet ; worthless. Iron King, see French Crab. Ironsides (Poynter), C. Medium, round, bronzy green, late. Isle of Wight Pippin (R.H.S), D. Small, round, greenish yellow, sweet, mid-season. Izod’s Kernel (Cranston Nursery Company), C. or Cider. Large, flat, red streaked, early, handsome ; see Tom Putt. Jacques Lebel (Saunders), C. Medium, flat, large, open eye, orange flushed, sweet, dry, mid-season. Jacquin (J. Scott), C. Medium, flat, pale green, flushed, acid, mid-season. James’s Pearmain (Ritchie), D. or C. Medium, round, flushed yellow, acid, mid-season ; second quality, pretty. Jamie Brown (Crossland), Medium, conical, angular, green, flushed, acid, late. January Tom Putt (Poynter), see Tom Putt. Jean or Jan Apple (Rogers), C. Small, conical, yellow, streaked, acid, mid-season. Jefferson (R.H.8.), D. Small, flat, streaked yellow, early, sweet ; second quality; a pretty early Apple. Jeffrey Seedling (Goldsmith), C. Medium, conical, flattened,. pale yellow, flushed, dry, early. Jennet Moyle (Rivers), D. Medium, round, red streaked, soft, acid, early; handsome. Jenny Hubert (Ritchie), C. Small, round, streaked yellow, mid-season. Jenny Oubury, see Old Pomeroy. Jenny Sinclair (Clark), C. Small, tall conical, streaked yellow, early; third quality. Jersey Chisel (J. Scott), Cider. Small, conical, streaked yellow. Jersey Lemon Pippin, D. or C. Medium, long conical, pale ereen, flushed bronze, mid-season ; worthless. Jersey Monarch (Saunders). Jersey Nonesuch, D. or C. Medium, flat, angular, green, russet, acid, late. Jersey Pippin (Saunders), see Hammond’s Jersey Pippin. Jersey Pippin (Rivers), D. Small, round, russet, sweet, mid- — season ; first quality. Jews’ Hands (Gee), see Pile’s Russet. John Apple (R.H.§8.), D. Small, round, green, slightly. flushed, firm and fresh, sweet; first quality; retains its freshness until May. John Apple (Ritchie), D. or C. Medium, round, red streaked, sweet, mid-season; resembles Tom Putt. John Apple (Pearson), C. Medium, round, bronze green, late ; worthless. sohn Apple, see Northern Greening. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 327 » John Brown. John Landon (Robertson), C. Medium, pointed, conical, green ; worthless. John Thompson (Graham), C. Large, flat, very angular, streaked yellow, acid, mid-season. * Jolly Beggar, see Lord Grosvenor. Jolly Gentleman, see Emperor Alexander. Jolly Miller (Bull), C. Medium, flat, angular, flushed red, soft, acid, mid-season ; handsome. Jonathan (Rivers), D. or C. Medium, oblong, angular, pale ereen, flushed red, acid, mid-season. Jones’s Favourite (Ritchie), C. or Cider. Large, conical, angular, pale straw, dry, mid-season; worthless. Joseph de Brichy (J. Scott), D. Medium, conical, streaked yellow; worthless. Julien, see Karly Julien. June Gilliflower (Cummins), D. Small, round, yellow, soft, early ; first quality. Juneating, see White Juneating. Keddleston Pippin (Lee & Son), D. Small, round, greenish yellow, firm, sweet, mid-season. Keen’s Seedling (T. McDonald), D. or, C. Small, ovate, angular, dark green, flushed bronze, very acid, late. Kemp’s Orange, see Cox’s Orange Pippin. Kempston (Druce), C. Large, conical, green, russety, firm, mid-season. Kentish Beauty, see Beauty of Kent. Kentish Broading, see Beauty of Kent. Kentish Codlin (R.H.8.), C. Medium, conical, angular, ereenish yellow, flushed, early; first quality ; very closely resembles Old English Codlin. Kentish Codlin, resembles Carlisle Codlin. _ Kentish Fillbasket (G. Bunyard & Co.), C. Large round, angular, pale green, flushed and streaked, mid-season. Kentish Golden Knob, see Golden Knob. Kentish Orange Goff, see Goff. Kentish Pearmain. Kentish Pippin, see Colonel Vaughan. Kernel Apple, Cider. Small, long, conical, yellow, flushed. Kerry Pippin, D. Small, ovate, streaked orange, firm, sweet, early; first quality. Keswick Codlin, C. Medium, oblong, angular, pale yellow, sometimes flushed orange, soft, brisk, tender, early ; first quality ; a great bearer. Killerton Sweet (R. Veitch & Son), Cider. Small, round, angular, yellow. King, see Warner’s King. King Apple (Wheeler), D. Medium, conical, bronzed, green, mid-season ; third quality. 828 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. King Charles’ Pearmain (Ritchie), D. Medium, conical, golden russet, dry, mid-season ; worthless. * King Harry (R.H.S.), D. Medium, conical or oblong, even, ereenish yellow, with small russety spots, tender, sweet, brisk, early ; first quality; a fine Apple. King Noble, see Stirling Castle. King of the Orchard (Cheal), see Baxter’s Pearmain. King of the Pippins, D. Medium, oblong, open eye, greenish yellow, streaked and flushed red, mid-season ; first quality ; a great and certain cropper. * King of Tomkins County (Rivers), D. or C., very large, round, angular, greenish yellow, streaked, soft, mid- season ; first quality ; a very handsome Apple. King’s, see Warner’s King. King’s Sauce (Griffin), C. Large, oblong, angular, red flushed, soft, mid-season. Kingston Black, Cider. Small, round, dark red, streaked. + Kingston Pippin (Frettingham). Kinnoul Pippin (Reid), C. Small, coun pale yellow, acid, firm, mid-season. * Kirke’s Fame (Harrison), C. Large, round, streaked orange, dry, mid-season. Kirke’s Lord Nelson (Wheeler), D. or C. Medium, round, yellow, streaked, mid-season, sweet; first quality. Kirke’s Schone Rambour (R.H.S.), D. or C. Large, flat, angular, pale yellow, red flushed, soft, mid-season ; very closely resembles Cox’s Pomona. Kirkfield Pippin (King), C. Small, round, greenish yellow, flushed ; worthless. Kirton, see Keen’s Seedling. Kitchen Pippin (Pearson), C. Small, round, angular, bronze ereen, late; worthless. Kitchen Reinette (Rowson), C. Medium, flat, bronze green, very firm, late. Knight’s Fame (Saltmarsh), C. Medium, conical, green, flushed bronze, dry; a fine handsome Apple. Knight’s Lemon Pippin (R.H.S.), D. Small, round, very small eye, greenish russet, flushed red, very firm, sweet, late. Knight’s No. 1 (R.H.8.), C. Small, conical, pale yellow, soft, early. Kroon Apfel (R.H.S.), D. Small, ovate, greenish yellow, streaked and spotted bright red, sweet, mid-season ; third quality ; some seasons very beautiful. Ladies’ Everlasting, D. Medium, round, angular, green, red flushed, mid-season ; first quality. Ladies’ Sweeting (Rivers), D. or C. Round, green, flushed, sweet, soft ; worthless. DESCRIPTIVE CATALCGUE OF APPLES. 829 7 Lady Alice Eyre (Ross). Medium, round, flattened, pale green, flushed, sweet, second early ; second quality. Lady Apple, see D’Api, or Pomme d’Api. Lady Apple (King), D. or C. Small, conical, very angular, ereenish russet, flushed red ; worthless. Lady Derby (Haycock), see Summer Whorle. Lady Duncan (Pearson), C. Medium, conical, angular, bronze ereen, acid, mid-season. Lady Hayes (Cummins), C. or Cider. Large, round, streaked yellow, acid, early ; third quality ; very handsome. * Lady Henniker (J. Veitch & Sons), D. or C. Large, oblong, angular, streaked yellow with russet, mid-season ; first quality; a very handsome Apple. | Lady Kinloch (Laird). Medium, oblong, pale green streaked with red, firm, solid; second quality ; a very pretty Apple. Lady Lennox (Gilbert), C. Small, flat, streaked yellow, very acid, late. Lady Lovers (Smith), D. Small, ovate, yellow, streaked ; worthless. | Lady Sudeley (Bunyard). Medium, oblong, or conical, ereenish yellow, streaked red, first early; first quality ; ereat cropper. Lady Sutherland, see Lord Suffield. Lady’s Blush (Pearson), C. Small, round, pale green, hard, mid-season ; worthless. Lady’s Finger, see Smart’s Prince Arthur. Lady’s Finger (Cranston Nursery Company), D. or C. Small, very long ovate, greenish yellow, streaked, firm, dry, mid-season; very distinct, but worthless. Lady’s Finger (Morrison), D., see Egg or White Paradise. La Fameuse, see Pomme de Neige. Laidlaw Right Keeper (Graham), C. Medium, conical, angular, green, flushed, acid, hard, very late. * Lamb Abbey Pearmain (R.H.S.), D. Small, oblong, green, flushed, very firm, sweet, late; first quality. Lamb Brook Pippin (J. Scott), D. or C. Small, flat, green, streaked, late; worthless. Lamb’s Favourite, see Small’s Admirable. Lamb’s Nose (Ward), D. or C. Medium, conical, angular, yellow, flushed red; worthless. Lammas Apple (McKinnon), C. Small, ovate, greenish yellow ; second quality, early. Lancashire Pippin (Crossland), C. Small, long ovate, pale ereen, flushed, mid-season. Landmere Russet, see Hanwell Souring. * Landsberger Reinette (R.H.S.), D. or C. Medium, conical, angular, pale straw, occasionally flushed, brisk, fresh, early; first quality ; very handsome, and a good bearer. 330 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. * Lane’s Prince Albert (Lane & Son). Large, roundish, even, pale green, streaked and flushed bright red, late; first quality; a very handsome Apple, great cropper. Lane’s Prolific (Lane), D. or C. Medium, conical, even, greenish yellow, mid-season ; very pretty. Lanterne, see Rymer. Large Russet, see Royal Russet. Large Yellow Bough, see Yellow Bough. ass 0’? Gowrie (Doig), C. Large, round, angular, yellow, early. * Late Marrow (King), D. Small, flat, angular, bronze red; worthless, Lauder Lud (Sharp), D. or C. Small, flat, angular, green bronze. Lawrence’s Seedling, see Hanwell Souring. Lawson’s Pearmain (Burnett), C. Medium, round, green, acid, mid-season; worthless. Leadington Monstrous, see Catshead. | Leadington Stoup, see Stoup Leadington. Leather Jacket. Leathercoat, see Old Leathercoat Russet. Leathercoat Brown Russet (Rowson), see Old Leathercoat. |} Leicester Burton Pippin (Frettingham), Medium, oblong, pale green, streaked ; like Old Nonesuch. Lemon. Lemon Apple (Woodbridge), D. Medium, ovate, yellow, russet, mid-season ; second quality. * Lemon Pippin (R.H.S.), D. or C. Small or medium, ovate, with a peculiar fleshy knob in which the stalk is inserted, yellow, occasionally streaked russet, sweet, mid-season ; first quality. Lemon Square (Crossland), D. Small, oblong, angular, yellow, early; worthless. Leppard’s White Pippin (S. Ford), D. or C. Medium, flat, yellow flushed, mid-season. * Lewis’s Incomparable (J. Veitch & Sons), D. Large, conical, streaked yellow, russety, sweet, mid-season ; a very handsome Apple. Leyden, see Karly Julien. Leyden Pippin (Harding), C. Medium, conical, angular, ereen, flushed bronze, mawkish sweet; worthless. Liddon’s Prolific (Poynter), C. Medium, conical, orange, streaked, firm, acid, mid-season. Lilac, see M‘Lellan’s. Lincoln (Rogers), Cider. Small, pointed, conical, yellow, flushed. Lincoln Holland Pippin, see Wadhurst Pippin. Lincoln Pippin (Haycock), C. Large, long, conical, angular, pale green, mid-season. 7 * DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 881 Lineolnshire Holland Pippin (Benson), C. Medium, ovate, angular, yellow, flushed, very acid, mid-season; third quality. Lincolnshire Pippin, see Hawthornden. Lincolnshire Reinette, see Braddick’s Nonpareil. Linneeus Pippin (J. Scott), D. Small, round, green, russet, hard, late ; worthless. Lippair Wilding (R.H.S.). Little Dick (Ward), D. Very small, flat, red flushed. Little John (Campsie), C. Medium, round, yellow, flushed, dry, acid, mid-season; worthless. Littlewick White (Bridgman), C. Small, conical, green, spotted, acid, mid-season; worthless. Liver Pearmain (Ritchie), D. or C. Small, conical, green, flushed dark bronze or liver colour, late ; worthless. Liver’s Imperial (Pearson), C. Large, conical, streaked yellow, soft, very acid, early; handsome, but worthless. Livesay (Hathaway). Livesey’s Imperial, see Hollandbury. Livesley’s Imperial, see Lord Suffield. Loan’s Pearmain (R.H.S.), D. Medium, round, green, streaked, russety, late; somewhat resembles small examples of Claygate Pearmain. Loddington Seedling (Killick), C. Large, round, angular, pale green, flushed, firm, mid-season; first quality; a fine handsome Apple, much grown in Kent. Lodgemore Nonpareil (J. Veitch & Sons), D. Small, round, golden russet, late. Loggerhead, see Catshead. London Peach (Pearson), C. Medium, flat, angular, yellow, bronzed, acid, late ; worthless. London Pippin (R.H.8.), D. or C. Medium, flat, very angular, green, flushed red, late; first quality. Long Peeler (Matthews), Small, ovate, green, red flushed ; worthless. Long Reinette (J. Fowler). Long Start (Crossland), C. Small, round, streaked yellow, mid-season. Long Stemmed Pippin (Garland), D. or C. Medium, conical, even, green, red streaked, mid-season ; stalk remarkably long. Longville’s Kernel (R.H.8.) D. or C. Medium, round, streaked yellow; second quality; early. Lopen Never Blight (J. Scott), Cider. Small, round, red streaked. Lord Burghley (R.H.8.), D. Medium or Small, flat, angular, ereen, russet bronzed, firm, late; first quality; resembles Sturmer Pippin. Lord Clyde (Rivers), see Golden Noble. 33! 2 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Lord Combermere (Melliar), Lord Derby (Lane & Son), C. Very large, oblong, angular, greenish yellow, mid-season; first quality; a fine hand- some Apple and great bearer. Lord Duncan, C. Medium, round, angular, pale yellow, acid, soft, early; Codlin type. Lord Duncan, see Dumelow’s Seedling. Lord Dunmore (Robertson), C. Large, conical, angular, pale yellow, flushed red, soft, acid, early. Lord Elgin (Chuck), C. Large, conical, angular, green, acid, late ; like Yorkshire Greening. Lord Exeter’s Favourite, see Hicks’ Fancy. Lord Granville (Fairbairn), C. Large, conical, very angular, light green, soft, acid, mid-season. Lord Grosvenor (Mundell), C. Large, oblong, angular, pale yellow, early ; first quality. Lord Gwydyr’s (Coombes), C. Medium, round, pale yellow, mid-season. | Lord Hampton’s Wonder, C. Medium, round, angular, bronze green; worthless. Lord Hampton’s Wonder (Hathaway), see Dumelow’s Seedling. Lord Kingston, see Hawthornden. Lord Lennox (Harrison), D. Small, flat, orange, red streaked, brisk, early; second quality; greatly resembles Fearn’s Pippin. Lord Paulett’s Pearmain (Lucombe), Medium, oblong, streaked green. Lord Raglan (McKinnon), C. Large, flat, angular, pale green, flushed, very firm, dry, late; resembles a flat Yorkshire Beauty. Lord Raglan, see Loddington Seedling. Lord Suffield, C. Large, conical, very pale yellow, soft, first early ; first quality; a very fine Culinary Apple, and a great cropper. Lord Suffolk (J. Scott), D or C. Small, flat, bronze green, late; third quality. Lord Wolseiey (Britcher), see Devonshire Buckland. Lucombe’s Pine (R.H.8.), D. Small, conical, clear pale yellow, very firm, sweet ; first quality, mid-season. Lucombe’s Pine Apple, see Lucombe’s Pine. | Lucombe’s Seedling (R.H.8.), C. Medium, round, flattened, greenish yellow, streaked, soft, acid; second quality, mid- season. Luffness Matchless, C. Medium, oblong, angular, green, flushed red, acid, mid-season. Luffness Pippin (Brunton), Small, round, yellow, flushed red; worthless. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 333 * Mabbott’s Pearmain (W. Paul & Son), D. Medium, conical, even, orange yellow, streaked red and minutely spotted, brisk, acid, mid-season ; first quality ; very handsome. Macdonald’s Apple (Dunn). Macdonald’s Favourite (Cairns), C. Large, round, angular, yellow, flushed red, mid-season, greatly resembles Yorkshire Beauty. M‘Clellan’s, American (Rivers), C. Medium, round, angular, streaked yellow, soft, mid-season ; second quality. M‘Lean’s Favourite (W. Paul & Son), C. Medium, round, greenish yellow, soft, sweet, early. Maclellan, see M‘Clellan’s. Maclery’s Pippin (Neighbour), C. Medium, round, light ereen, acid, late. Madame Hayes (J. Scott), D. Medium, round, streaked yellow, sweet, early ; second quality. Madeline (J. Scott), D. or C. Medium, round, angular, streaked red, mid-season ; worthless. * Magnum Bonum, see Roundway Magnum Bonum. Magpie (Langridge), D. or C. Large, round, yellow, streaked, acid, early; second quality. Maiden, see Nonesuch. Maiden Apple (Cheal), D. Medium, conical, angular, yellow, streaked red, acid, firm, mid-season; second quality. Maiden’s Blush (R.H.8.), D. or C. Medium, flat, small eye, ereenish yellow, beautifully flushed pink, sweet; second quality ; mid-season. Majetin, see Winter Majetin. Majestic, see Downton Pippin. Major Hemming (Brunton), D. Medium, conical, angular, ereen, flushed bronze, hard, late. Mala Kovna (R.H.8.), D. Small, round, dark red, firm, acid, mid-season ; third quality ; pretty, but worthless. * Maltster (Selwood), C. Medium, flat, angular, greenish yellow, flushed, mid-season ; first quality. Mammoth Pippin, C. Medium, flat, green, late. Manchester Pippin (R.H.8.), D. Medium, round, greenish yellow, streaked, acid, mid-season, very firm; greatly resembles Cox’s Orange Pippin. Mango Pippin (Rivers), D. or C. Medium, round, green, streaked, soft, mid-season ; second quality. * Manks’ Codlin (R.H.8.), C. Medium, round or conical, pale yellow, sometimes flushed pink, skin very greasy, firm, acid, early; first quality; great cropper. * Mannington’s Pearmain (J. Veitch & Sons), D. Medium, conical, even, greenish orange, streaked and russety, mid-season ; first quality. Margaret, see Karly Margaret. 9 Vv * 84 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Margaret Henrietta (S. Ford), D. Small, round, angular, bright red, sweet, white flesh, mid-season; pretty, but worthless. Margaret Pippin (R.H.8.), D. Small, round, green, sweet, mid-season; worthless. Margil, D. Medium, round, angular, greenish yellow, streaked dark red, firm, sweet, somewhat dry, mid-season ; first quality; a great favourite. Marigold (King). Marriage Maker (Poynter), Cider. Small, conical, deep scarlet ; very handsome. Mark Marshall (Cheal), Medium, flat, angular, bronze, flushed. Marmalade Pippin (Pragnell), D. or C. Medium, ovate, red streaked, soft, first early ; second quality ; handsome. Marshall’s Seedling (Rivers), Medium, round, pale yellow, streaked ; second quality ; pretty. Martin Nonpareil (J. Veitch & Sons), D. Small, round, ereenish russet, sweet, late; first quality. Mary Greeds (R.H.§.), D. Medium, round, yellow, early; first quality. Mason’s, see Claygate Pearmain. May Queen (Southall), Medium, oblong, angular, deep red, streaked, late. Maynack’s Pippin (Rivers), C. Medium, conical, yellow, soft, first early ; worthless. Maynard’s Bearer (Britcher), Cider. Medium, flat angular, orange streaked. May’s Seedling (Turner), D. Small, conical, red streaked, mid-season ; second quality ; resembles Colonel Vaughan. Mead’s Broading, see Irish Giant. Mealy Late Blossom (Poynter), D. or C. Small, conical, ereenish yellow, flushed, acid, late; worthless. Mee’s Seedling (Pearson), C. Medium, conical, angular, pale ereen, very firm, acid, late. Mela Carla (Haycock), D. Medium, round, yellow, flushed, sweet, mid-season ; second quality. Melon Apple (Rivers), D. Large, round, orange yellow, streaked, sweet, tender, mid-season; first quality; a very pretty Apple. Melrose, see White Melrose. Melville Pippin, see Scarlet Pearmain. Menagére, see Brietling. Mére de Ménage (R.H.S.), C. Large, flat, angular, large open eye, reddish bronze, sometimes streaked, firm, acid, late ; first quality ; a very handsome solid Apple. Mickleham Pearmain (Burnett), D. Medium, conical, even, reddish bronze, firm, mid-season ; second quality ; a hand- some Apple, resembles Duck’s Bull. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 535 Mignonne Rouge (Haycock), D. Small, round, purplish red, soft early ; pretty, but worthless Milford Pippin, see Golden Pippin. Milford Pippin, C. Large, conical, greenish russet, flushed, acid, mid-season. Miller’s Glory (R.H.8.), C. Medium, round, flattened, bronze ereen, streaked, hard, late; resembles Norfolk Beefine. Miller’s Liken Hagen (R.H.8.), D. Medium, round, yellow, flushed, mid-season ; third quality. Millpeck Apple, C. Medium, oblong, pale green, flushed russet, mid-season. * Minchall Crab (R.H.S.), C. Large, flat, large eye, greenish yellow, streaked, firm, acid; first quality; late; a fine culinary Apple. Mincing Pippin (Rust),C. Medium, round, green, streaked, acid, mid-season. Minier’s Dumpling, see Warnev’s King. Minshul Crab, see Minchall Crab. Minsterworth’s (Wheeler), Cider. * Missouri Pippin (W. Paul & Son), D. Small, round, ereen, flushed red, late; third quality. Mistayer (J. Scott), Small, conical, green, streaked, dry; worthless. Mitchell’s Red (8S. Ford), D. or C. Small, round, green, flushed, acid, late. Mitchell’s Seedling (S. Ford), see Hambledon Deux Ans. Monarch (Saunders). Monmouth Green, C. Small, round, green, late; worthless. Monmouth Pippin (Rivers), CG. Small, flat, green, hard; worthless. Monmouthshire Beauty (Jenkins), D. Medium, ovate, angular, red streaked, sweet, mid-season; first quality ; resembles American Mother. Mononisten Reinette (R.H.S.), D. Medium, round, even, ereenish yellow, streaked, firm, late; second quality. Monstrous Leadington, see Catshead. Monstrous London Pippin. Monstrous Pippin, see Gloria Mundi. Monymusk, see Margil. Monymutt’s Paradise (Pearson), C. Medium, round, greenish yellow, streaked, acid, late; in appearance like Wad- hurst Pippin. Moody’s Jersey, Cider. Small, round, streaked, yellow. Moor Farm (Hathaway), Medium, round, orange flushed, acid; worthless. Moor Park Pippin (Turner), D. Medium, round, even, red streaked, mid-season ; third quality. Morgan, see Morgan’s Sweet. 336 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, — Morgan’s Sweet (Poynter), C. or Cider. Large, conical, angular, pale yellow, early, sweet, dry flesh ; third quality ; a favourite Apple in Somerset. Morgewell Pippin (Cummins). Morningthorpe Pippin. Morris’s Court of Wick (R.H.S.), D. Small, flat, greenish yellow, streaked, acid, mid-season ; second quality. Morris’s Russet (R.H.S.), D. Small, round, light grey russet, flushed, mid-season ; first quality. Moss’s Incomparable (Pearson), C. or D. Medium, flat, very deep eye, very angular, greenish russet, streaked, acid, late. Mother Apple (J. Veitch & Sons), C. Medium, round, streaked yellow, acid, early ; third quality. Mother Apple, Cider. Small, conical, pale green, flushed. Moxhay, see Sturmer Pippin. Mr. Gladstone, D. Small, conical, angular, reddish crimson, streaked, soft, first early, sweet ; second quality. Mrs. Barron (R.H.8.), C. Large, oblong, angular, yellow, sweet ; first quality ; mid-season. Mrs. Parrott (Lane), C. Medium, round, angular, green, flushed red, firm, late; second quality. Muckenham Pearmain (Burnett), see Manchester Pippin. Muckenham Rother Winter Koenig (R.H.S.), C. Medium, round, angular, purplish red, firm, late; third quality ; a very handsome Apple. Mumm/’s Red (Cranston Nursery Company), Cider. Round, even, streaked yellow ; pretty. Muneches Pippin (Dunn), C. Medium, round, angular, bronzy red, late; third quality. Murdy Apple (Cranston Nursery Company), Cider. Small, conical, yellow flushed. Murfitt’s Apple, see Murfitt’s Seedling. Murfitt’s Seedling (Bull), C. Large, round, angular, uniform pale green, very greasy, acid, mid-season; first quality ; a favourite Apple in Cambridgeshire. Murie Seedling (Morrison), D. Small, conical, greenish yellow, flushed bronze; somewhat resembles King of the Pippins. Musk Apple, see Carlisle Codlin. Muskirke Gelbe Reinette, see Bess Pool. Muss Russet, see Pine Apple Russet. Myatt’s George the Fourth (R.H.S.), C. Medium, flat, angular, yellow flushed red, mid-season. | Waked Apple (King), C. Round, yellow flushed ; resembles Yorkshire Beauty. Waney Jackson (Rivers), C. Large, round, russety, yellow, streaked, acid, late; first quality. Nancy Jackson (Cheal), C. Medium, conical, large open eye, green streaked, acid, late. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 387 * Wanny (Chorley), D. Medium, round, orange yellow, streaked, red, firm, sweet, early ; first quality; a favourite Sussex Dessert Apple. * Nelson Codlin (J. Veitch & Sons), C. Large, conical, angular, ereenish yellow, very greasy, mid-season; first quality. * WNelson’s Glory, see Warner’s King. Welson’s Prolific (Haycock). Never Fail (Dunn). Small, round, angular, bronze. New Apple (Cummins), D. Large, round, angular, streaked yellow, brisk, mid-season; first quality; a very hand- some Apple. New Bess Pool (Pearson), D. Medium, conical or ovate, red streaked, late ; first quality; a large, highly coloured variety of Bess Pool. New Blandon, see Autumn Calville. New Comb (Ritchie), C. Medium, round, green, streaked red, mid-season. New Green Nonpareil (R.H.S.) D. Medium, round, bronzy ereen, brisk acid, late; second quality. * New Hawthornden, C. Large, flat, angular, green, flesh soft, acid, early; first quality; a very free bearer when young; Winter Hawthornden of some. New Large Cockpit (Slater), C. Medium, flat, angular, pale green, streaked red, acid, firm, mid-season ; first quality ; quite distinct from Cockpit. New lLiver’s Imperial (Pearson), C. Medium, conical, angular, pale green, streaked, soft, mid-season. * New Northern Greening (Pearson), C. Medium, round, ovate, open eye, even, green, streaked, very firm, acid, late ; first quality; handsome. New Scarlet Pearmain, see Brabant Bellefieur. New Ribston Pippin (Jones), D. Medium, roundish, orange russet, flushed, firm, sweet, Ribston flavour, mid-season ; first quality. New Rock Pippin (R.H.S8.), D. Small, flat, angular, greenish yellow, russet, firm, late; second quality. New Rollisson’s (Hathaway). + Newland’s Sack (W. Crump). * Newtown Pippin (Haycock), D. or CO. Medium, round, angular, green, late ; first quality. Newtown Russet (Cranston Nursery Company), D. Small, flat, golden russet, dry, mid-season; pretty, but use- less. Ney-Mi, see Wadhurst Pippin. Wicolayer (Rivers), D. Medium, round, pale green, sweet, mid-season ; first quality. Wine Square Pippin (Chisholm), C. Large, round, angular, yellow, flushed red, firm, sweet, mid-season. Y 338 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Nine Squares (Cockbill), see Nine Square Pippin. + Niton House (Veitch), see Seaton House. No Core (R.H.8.), C. Medium, round, greenish yellow, flushed red, solid, mid-season. No Core (J. Scott), Small, conical, greenish yellow, streaked ; worthless. * Nonesuch, C. Medium, flat, greenish yellow, red streaked, soft, very acid ; third quality ; first early; a very pretty Apple and a free bearer. Nonesuch (Saunders), D. or C. Large, round, angular, streaked yellow, mid-season; handsome. Nonesuch, Early, see Nonesuch. Nonesuch Paradise (Rivers), C. Small, conical, yellow ; worthless; makes an excellent dwarfing HOB for which purpose it is much erown. Nonesuch Park (R.H.S.), D. Small, flat, even, greenish yellow, firm, sweet, mid-season ; first quality. Nonpareil, see Old Nonpareil. Nonpareil (Ritchie), D. or C. Large, round, angular, streaked yellow, sweet, mid-season; third quality. Nonpareil D’Angleterre, see Ribston Pippin. Nonpareil Early, see Hick’s Fancy. Nonpareil Headcorn (Britcher), D. Small, ovate, light russet, late; third quality. Nonpareil, Petworth, see Petworth Nonpareil. Nonpareil, Ross, see Ross Nonpareil. Nonpareil, Russet, see Pitmaston Russet Nonpareil. Nonpareil, Scarlet, see Scarlet Nonpareil. Nonpareil, Sweeney, see Sweeney Nonpareil. Nonpareil, White, see White Nonpareil. * Norfolk Bearer, see Norfolk Beefing. * Norfolk Beefing, C. Medium, round, dull bronze, very firm, acid; second quality; late; an excellent late Apple. Norfolk Colman, see Norfolk Beefing. Norfolk Paradise (Rivers), D. Small, flat, even, pale ereen, flushed, firm, acid, late; closely resembles Wyken Pippin. Norfolk Stone Pippin (W. Paul & Son), C. Small, ovate, ereen flushed, acid, late. Worfolk Stone or White Pippin (Browne), D. Small, ovate, ereen, late; third quality. Norfolk Storing, see Golden Ball. Norfolk Storing (Brunton), C. Medium, conical, angular, bronze green, acid, late. Normandy Pippin (Haycock), D. Small, round, greenish yellow, sweet, mid-season ; third quality. Normanton Bitter-sweet. + Normanton Broading (Milne), Medium, oblong, deep green, streaked, late. . ‘ ; ' ‘ eat. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 3389 Normanton Wonder, see Dumelow’s Seedling. North Britain (Ormiston), C. Medium, flat, angular, yellow, flushed, soft, early; somewhat resembles Yorkshire Beauty. Northampton, see Blenheim Orange. Worthend Pippin (Lee), C. Medium, round, angular, green, hard, very acid, late. Northern Dumpling (Roberts), C. Medium, flat, green, flushed bronze, firm, acid, mid-season. Worthern Greening, C. Medium, ovate, green, flushed, firm, acid, late; first quality ; a very fine late Apple. Northern Greening Improved (Frettingham). Medium, ovate, green, late; first quality. Northern Spy (Wilson), D. Medium, round, red-streaked and flushed, brisk, sweet, white flesh; first quality; a very handsome Apple. Norton Bitter, Cider. Medium, round, bronze green. Notch Kernel, Cider. Notts Seedling, see Pott’s Seedling. Nutmeg Pippin, see Cockle’s Pippin. Oak Apple (Killick), C. Medium, round, angular, greenish yellow, flushed, sweet, mid-season ; stalk very long. Oakley Grove Pippin. Oberdieck’s Winter Tauben Apfel (R.H.S8.), D. or C. Small, conical, even, pale green, late; worthless. Ochiltree (Drummond). Small, deep green. Odelson’s, see Kerry Pippin. Ogle Grove Pippin (J. Veitch & Sons), C. Medium, ovate, pale green, flushed, acid, late. Okera, see Akera. Old Apple. Small, ovate, light russet. Old Bess Pool, see Bess Pool. Old Bromley (Cockbill), D. or C. Small, conical, yellow. Old Caldwell, see Rymer. Old English Codlin (R.H.S.), C. Medium, conical, angu- lar, pale greenish yellow, flushed, early; first quality. Old Fox-whelps, Cider. Medium, round, red-streaked. Old Gilliflower (Moorhouse), D. Large, long conical, even yellow, light bronze, soft, mid-season. Old Golden Pippin (R.H.§8.). Small, conical, even, greenish yellow, with russet markings, flesh yellow, firm, sweet, mid-season; first quality; often confused with Yellow Ingestrie and Downton. Old Golden Reinette, see Golden Reinette. Old Golden Russet, see Golden Russet. Old Leathercoat Russet, C. Medium, round. Old London Pippin, see London Pippin. Old Man (Rowson), D. Small, round, green, russet, firm, late ; third quality. 7 340 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Old Neddie (Crossland), D. or C. Small, round, angular, bronze green, very firm, late. * Old Nonesuch, see Nonesuch. * Old Nonpareil, D. Small, round, green russety, very firm, brisk, sweet, late ; first quality. Old Northern Greening, see Northern Greening. * Old Orange Pippin (Wood & Ingram). Old Pomeroy (R.H.S.), D. or C. Medium, conical, pointed, streaked yellow with russet, flesh dry, sweet, mid-season ; third quality ; very distinct. Olid Queening (Cranston Nursery Company), C or Cider. Medium, ovate, angular, yellow, flushed red, russet, , very firm, very acid. ) Old Rollisson’s (Hathaway), C. Small, ovate, green. Old Russet (Saltmarsh), D. or C. Small, conical, angular, | yellow, russet, mid-season ; second quality. | Old Seek no Further (Rivers), D. or C. Large, oblong, | angular, green, flushed red, mid-season. Old Stone Pippin (Killick). Old Wife (S. Ford), Small, conical, angular, light russet ; worthless. Old Winter Pearmain (Turner), D. or C. Medium, conical, reddish russet, acid, late. Old Winter Russet (Rivers), C. Medium, round, angular, flushed russet, acid, mid-season. Omar Pacha (R.H.8.), D. Small, round, greenish yellow, flushed bronzy red, dry, mid-season ; second quality. . Onion Apple (Ritchie), C. Small, round, pale green, flushed, acid, late; resembles Dumelow’s Seedling. Onion Rope (Warden). Open Heart (Bancroft), Medium, conical, bronze; worth- less. Opetien Pommiers (Wood & Ingram), C. Large, round, bright ereen, early; second quality; very peculiar stalk. Orange (Way), D. Small, flat, orange, mid-season; third quality ; resembles Oslin. Orange Apple (Rogers). Orange Goff, see Goff. Orange Pearmain (S. Ford), C. Medium, round, green, soft ; worthless. * Orange Pippin (Graham), D. Small, flat, pale orange, red streaked, sweet, mid-season; first quality. Orange Pippin (Ritchie), D. Small, round, ight russet, mid- season ; third quality ; worthless. Orange Quince (Garland), C. Large, round, angular, streaked yellow, soft, early. Orange Russet (Gould), D. Small, round, hight russet, flushed, dry, mid-season ; worthless. my DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 841 Orange Wilding (Rogers), Cider. Small, pointed, conical, yellow, flushed bronze. Oranier Pepelin (R.H.S.), D. Medium, flat, angular, orange, flushed, firm, sweet, mid-season. Ord’s (R.H.S.), D. Small, ovate, angular, deep green, sometimes flushed red, with large dark brown spots, brisk and fresh, sweet; first quality, late; a very fine late Dessert Apple. Orme, see Manks’ Codlin. Ornament de la Table (R.H.S.), D. Small, round, green, flushed bright red, sometimes streaked ; pretty, but worth- less. Oslin (Brunton), D. Small, flat, orange yellow, with russet specks, firm, sweet, early; second quality; a very free cropping variety. Ostendon (Way), D. or C. Medium, conical, even, dark purple, late. Ostogotha (R.H.S.), D. Small, flat, yellow russet, firm, sweet, mid-season. Ostogotha (Haycock), D. or C. Medium, flat angular, pale ereen, flushed, flesh white, sweet, mid-season. Ottershaw (Cheal), Medium, oval, pale green. Oxford Peach, see Yorkshire Beauty. Pace’s Seedling (Morrison), C. Small, conical, angular, pale yellow, firm, mid-season. Packhorse Pippin (Cummins), resembles Pearson’s Plate. Painted Lady (Rowson), C. Large, conical, angular, streaked yellow, very hard, late. Palmer’s Glory, see Yorkshire Beauty. Paradise Pippin, see Kge or White Paradise. Parker (J. Scott), D. Small, conical, ight russet, acid mid- season ; third quality. Parker’s Fame (Saltmarsh), D. Medium, conical, flushed red, mid-season ; third quality. | Parker’s Glory Pippin (J. Scott), Medium, round, yellow flushed ; worthless. Parry’s Pearmain (R.H.S.), D. Small, round, green russet, mid-season ; second quality. Parson’s, see Rymer. Passe Bohmer (J. Scott), C. Small, conical, yellow, flushed red, acid ; worthless. Paternoster, resembles Dutch Mignonne. Pat’s Seedling (Gilbert), D. Small, flat, angular, red streaked, acid, mid-season ; resembles Fearn’s Pippin. Patrick’s (Brown), C. Small, conical, green, streaked, sweet ; worthless. Pattiswick Seedling (R.H.8.), C. Small. round, very angular, bronzy red; worthless, 342 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Pawn Apple (J. Scott), D. Small, round, greenish yellow, sweet, mid-season ; third quality. Paymaster, Cider. Medium, round, yellow. Peach (R.H.8.), C. Medium, flat, angular, rosy pink, flesh white, firm, mid-season ; second quality ; a very handsome Apple. Peach (R. Veitch & Son), D. Large, conical, angular, red streaked, soft, early; first quality; a handsome early Apple. Peach (Saunders), C. Large, flat, red streaked, acid, early handsome. | Peach Bloom (Beaton), see Winter Peach. Pear Apple (Rogers), Cider. Medium, round, yellow, flushed. Pearmain Chester, see Golden Reinette. Pearson’s Apple (Graham). * Pearson’s Plate (R.H.S.), D. Small, conical or oblong, ereenish russet, flushed orange red, firm, sweet, mid- season ; first quality ; resembles Golden Harvey. Peasgood’s Nonesuch (Haycock), C. Very large, conical, even, greenish yellow, flushed and streaked red, soft, acid, mid-season ; first quality ; a very handsome Apple. Peck’s Pleasant (Rivers), D. Large, round, green, late ; first quality. Pennington Seedling (Dickson), D. Medium, flat, ereen or yellowish green, russety, brisk, late ; first quality. Pennock’s Red Winter (Rivers), C. Medium, round, angular, ereen streaked, acid, late. Penny Loaf (R.H.8.), C. Medium, flat, angular, flushed yellow, mid-season ; resembles Old English Codlin. Perkins’ Seedling (Ff. C. Ford), C. Medium, round, angular, ereen, very acid, late. Peter Smith (Paul & Son), D. Small, yellow, conical, mid- season ; third quality. Peter the Great (Kidd). - ; Petit Jean (Saunders), C. Small, round, small eye, streaked yellow, mid-season. Petworth Nonpareil (Dean), D. Small, round, uniform, ervey russet, flesh green, sweet, mid-season. Pheasant’s Hye, see Wyken. Phillip’s Pippin (Cranston Nursery Company), C. Medium, round, greenish yellow, streaked, hard, mid-season.. Phillip’s Seedling, see Cellini. Pickering’s Pearmain (Brunton), D. Medium, flat, flushed russet, acid, late; second quality. Pie-finch, Cider. Large, flat, red streaked. Pigeon or Wax Apple, see Wax Apple. Pigeon Rouge (J. Scott). 3 Pigeon’s Heart (R.H.8.), D. Medium, round, green, streaked ; worthless. Be DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES, 348 * Pigéonette (Rivers), D. Small, conical, light bronze, white flesh, mid-season ; third quality. Pig’s Nose (J. Veitch & Sons), Cider. Medium, conical, with peculiar flattened sides, pale green, flushed red. Pike’s Pearmain, see King of the Pippins. Pile’s Russet, see Hambledon Deux Ans. Pile’s Russet (Rivers), D. or C. Medium, flat, angular, grey russet, late ; second quality. Pile’s Victoria, see Devonshire Buckland. + Pinder’s Apple (Grey), resembles Keswick Codlin. Pine Apple Pippin (J. Veitch & Sons), D.. Small, ovate, bronzy red, soft, acid, mid-season; pretty, but worth- less. Pine Appie Pippin, see Hambledon Deux Ans. * Pine Apple Russet (Cranston Nursery Company), D. Large, round, angular, light grey, flaked with russet, flushed, soft, very tender, sweet, early; first quality ; also called Pomeroy. Pine Apple Russet, see Pine Golden Pippin. Pine Golden Pippin (R.H.S.), D. Small, roundish, angular, light grey russet, flesh white, tender, sweet; first quality, mid-season. Pippin Kuculies (J. Scott), Cider. Small, round, red- streaked. Pippin Morningthorpe (J. Scott). Pitcher Burr Knot (Griffin), D. Small, flat, yellow, early; worthless. Pitmaston Golden Pippin (R.H.8.), D. Small, conical, pale yellow, flaked with russet, firm, sweet, mid-season ; first quality. Pitmaston Pine Apple (R.H.58.\), D. Small conical, even, pale golden netted russet, flesh yellow, firm, sweet, mid- _ season ; first quality. * Pitmaston Russet (Penny), see Pitmaston Russet Non- pareil. Pitmaston Russet Nonpareil (R.H.8.), D. Medium, round, flattened, pale green, flaked with russet, flushed, sweet, mid-season ; first quality. Pittsburg Seedling (Turner), D. Small, conical, yellow, flushed, firm, late; worthless. Please Lady (Doig), D. Small, ovate, pale green, mid- season ; second quality. Plum Apple (Kidd), C. Small, conical, angular, pale red, flushed ; worthless. Plum Vite (Rogers), C. Small, conical, yellow flushed. Plum Water (Shortt), C. Medium, conical, angular, red flushed, soft, early ; inferior. Pomeroy, see Red Astrachan. 344 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. —- Pomeroy of Somerset (W. Paul & Son), see Old Pomeroy. Pomeroy Russet, see Pine Apple Russet. Pomme d’Api, see Lady Apple. Pomme de Lippe, see Ornament de la Table. Pomme de Neige (R.H.S.), D. Small, round, white, flushed bright scarlet, flesh white, soft, sweet, mid-season ; second quality; exceedingly pretty. Pomme de Paque (Rivers), D. or C. Medium, conical, streaked yellow russet, acid, mid-season. Pomme Grise (W. Paul & Son), D. Medium, conical, angular, streaked yellow, acid, mid-season; worthless. Pomme Poire Blanche (R.H.58.), C. Medium, round, angular, ereen, late; stalk very long. Pomme Royale, see Royal Russet. Pomme Russet, see Reinette de Hollande. Pomme Violette (Pragnell), C. Large, flat, open eye, dark purple, late ; resembles Mére de Ménage. Pomme Water (R.H.S), D. or C. Medium, round, angular, sreen, late, mawkish sweet ; worthless. Pomona, see Cox’s Pomona. Pompone Pippin, see Bringewood Pippin. Pond Pippin (Britcher), D. Small, round, red, streaked, sweet, early; third quality. Ponto Pippin (R.H.S.), D. Small, round, green russet, late; third quality. Poor Man’s Friend, see Warner’s King. Poor Man’s Profit (Garland), D. or C. Small, round, yellow, streaked ; worthless. Pope’s Apple (Lane), D. or C. Medium, conical, even, eye large, pale yellow, flushed, soft, mid-season; a very handsome Apple. Porter’s \ippin (Saltmarsh), C. Large, conical, even, streaked yellow, firm, acid, late ; very handsome. Portugal ‘Glue (Ritchie), Cider. Medium, flat, angular, bronze green, late. Postans (Ritchie), Small, conical, flushed yellow; worthless. Postrophe, see Blenheim Orange. Pott’s Seedling (Lane), C. Large, oblong, angular, pale yellow, early; first quality; a very free bearer. Pound Apple (J. Scott), C. or Cider. Medium, flat, light, copper-coloured, flushed, sweet. Pound Apple, see Whittle’s Dumpling. Pounds, see Pound Apple. Powell’s Favourite (Wright), D. Medium, conical, even, yellow, acid, mid-season ; third quality; a pretty little Apple. Powell’s Russet (R.H.S.), D. Small, round, green, russet, dry flesh, mid-season. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 345 Pratt’s Pudding, see Pott’s Seedling. Premier (Killick), D. or C. Medium, flat, red, streaked, soft, mid-season. Président de Fays-Dumoncgeau (Paul & Son), C. Large, conical, angular green, late, mawkish sweet. Price’s Rolly Crown (Pearson), Cider. Medium, round, green flushed. Pride of Easton (Gilbert), D. or C. Large, conical, yellow, streaked, soft, mid-season ; handsome. Pride of Normandy (Cranston Nursery Company), Cider. Small, conical, flushed bronze. : Pride of the Mill (Cheal). Pride of the Orchard (Chorley). Prince Albert, see Lane’s Prince Albert. Prince Bismarck (McIndoe), see Bismarck. Prince Henry (Slater), D. or C. Medium, round, streaked, yellow, soft, sweet, mid-season. Prince Lippo (Paul & Son), Small, flat, red, streaked, mid-season ; worthless. Prince of Wales (Jones), C. Medium, round, even, pale ereen, flushed, acid, late, flesh white; somewhat like Dumelow’s Seedling. Prince of Wales (Miles), resembles Blenheim Orange. Prince’s Pippin, see King of the Pippins. Prince’s Pippin (Poynter), Cider. Large, flat, even, bright. red; very beautiful. Princess Augusta (J. Veitch & Sons), D. or C. Medium, round, yellow, mid-season ; third quality. Princess Royal (R.H.§8.), D. Small, round, russet, late ; second quality. Prinzen Apfel (R.H.S§.). Prizetaker (Turner), C. Medium, flat, yellow, soft, acid ;. resembles Ecklinville Seedling. Profit Apple (Saunders), Cider. Large, round, angular, yellow streaked. Prolific July Apple (Cummins), D. Very small, conical, yellow, streaked, early ; second quality. Prophet. Prussian Pippin (Crossland), D. Small, ovate, yellow, very hard, late. ; Puckrupp’s Pippin (Dicksons), D. Medium, conical, grey russet. Pudding Apple, see Hambledon Deux Ans. Puffin Sweet, or Come Bear and Tear (Poynter), Cider. Large, broad, conical, streaked, greenish yellow; re- sembles Emperor Alexander. Purpurother Agat-Apfel (R.H.S.), C. Medium, ovate, greenish yellow, streaked, acid, late. j 346 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Pursemouth (King), Small, conical, very angular, pale yellow, flushed red, dry, mid-season ; worthless. Pym Square (Cranston Nursery Company), Cider. Large, flat, red, streaked ; a very beautiful Apple. * Quarrenden, see Devonshire Quarrenden. Quart Apple (Slater), D. Medium, flat, greenish yellow, flushed orange; worthless. This variety has frequently double crowns. * Quatford Aromatic (R.H.8S.), D. Medium, conical, angular, flushed yellow russet, brisk, sweet, mid-season. Queen, The, see The Queen. * Queen Apple (Shingles), D. or C. Large, oblong, eye large, deep, streaked, yellow russet, soft, mid-season; a very distinct looking Apple. Queen Apple, see Fairy. * Queen Caroline (Jones), C. Medium, flat, even, large open eye, pale yellow, dry; second quality; early; somewhat resembles Golden Noble. , Queen Mary, see Duchess of Oldenburg. Queen of England (Graham). Queen of the Pippins (Cairns). Queen Victoria (Fletcher). Queen’s (R. Veitch & Son), C. or Cider. Medium, oblong, dark red, streaked, soft, flesh tinged red. Queen’s Crab (Crossland), C. Medium, oblong, angular, yellow flushed, dry, early ; worthless. Queen’s Russet (Pearson), D. Small, round, light russet ; worthless. Queenstown (Crossland), C. Medium, round, greenish yellow, very acid, late. Quetier (Rivers), C. Medium, round, very small eye, greenish yellow, soft, mid-season. Radford Beauty (R. Veitch & Son), C. Medium, round, bronze green, streaked, firm, acid, late. Ramboro (Cummins), D. or C. Medium, conical, flushed yellow, firm, sweet, mid-season. Rambour (Cheal), C. or Cider. Large, flat, dark red, streaked, mid-season. Rambour d’Amérique (Moorhouse), D. or C. Medium, conical, green flushed, very firm, late; Mere de Ménage of some. Rambour d’Hiver (G. Bunyard & Co.), C. Large, flat, angular, very large deep eye, green, acid, late. Rambour [Lattischers (J. Scott), C. Medium, round, bronze green, russet, very firm, late; worthless. Rambour Pepelin (Rivers), C. Medium, oblong, green, flushed, very acid, mid-season. Ramsdell’s Sweet (Rivers), D. Small, conical, angular, yellow, sweet, mid-season ; worthless. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 347 Ramsden’s, see Norfolk Beefine. Ranson (Harrison), C. Medium, round, green, streaked, soft, mid-season ; third quality. Rawle’s Reinette, see Dutch Mignonne. Ravelston Pippin (McKinnon), D. or C. Large, roundish, angular, greenish yellow, red, streaked with russet, mid- season ; a favourite Scotch Apple. Red American, see Pomme de Neige. * Red Astrachan, D. Medium, round, deep scarlet, with dense grey bloom, flesh white, firm, brisk acid, first early ; second quality ; a very handsome Apple, but shy bearer. * Red Autumn Calville (Garland), see Calville Rouge d’Automne. Red Beefing, see Norfolk Beefing. Red Bitter Sweet (Ritchie), Cider. Small, conical, pale yellow, fiushed. - Red Blandon, see Calville Rouge d’Automne. * Red Bough (Dunn), D. or C. Medium, long conical, yellow, red streaked, flesh soft, white. Red Busbeilly (Garland), Cider. Small, conical, angular, red flushed. Red Cadbury (8. Ford), D. Small, conical, red streaked, soft, early. Red Calendar (Brunton), D. or C. Small, conical, red streaked, early ; third quality; pretty, resembles Colonel Vaughan. Red Cluster (Garland), Cider. Small, flat, angular, red. Red Coachman, see Colonel Vaughan. Red Dick (Lane), Cider.. Medium, conical, angular, bright red, very-acid. Red Flanders, see Hollandbury. Red German, see Mére de Ménage. Red. German (Cranston Nursery Company). * Red Hawthornden, see Old Hawthornden. _ Red Itterly Bitter Sweet (Ritchie), Cider. Very small, round, even, yellow, flushed. 7 Red Julien (Dickson & Co.) Red Juneating (Ormiston), D. Small, ovate or conical, red streaked, sweet, first early ; a very nice early Apple. Red Kaine (Walker), C. Medium, conical, angular, pale ereen, streaked red, soft, early. Red Leadington, D. or C. Medium, conical, pale green, bronzed, late. Red Must (Cheal), D. Small, conical, red, flushed, acid, mid- season ; pretty, but worthless. Red Norman, Cider. Small, conical, flushed, yellow. Red Norman Bitter Sweet, see Yorkshire Beauty. | Red Peach (R. Veitch), Medium, conical, streaked. Je 348 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Red Quarrenden, see Devonshire Quarrenden. Red Rawlings (Harrison), Cider. Round, even, dark red, streaked, flesh tinged red. Red Ribbed Greening (R. Veitch & Son). Large, conical, aneular, green flushed, bronze, acid, mid-season ; worth less. Red Ribbed Queen (R. Veitch & Son), C. or Cider. Medium, ovate, angular, deep red, streaked, mid-season. Red Russet (Rivers), D. Large, round, angular, red russet, mid-season ; second quality. Red Shannon, see Hanwell Souring. Red Soldier (Ritchie), Cider. Small, conical, angular, yellow, flushed red. Red Stone (Robertson), D. or C. Large, flat, angular, red, streaked, mid-season ; ‘third quality. Red Strawberry (Ritchie), Cider. Medium, round, streaked yellow. Red Streak Pippin, see Kerry Pippin. ~ Red Streaks (S. Ford), Cider. Medium, round, dark red, streaked. Red Styre (Cranston Nursery Company), Cider. Small, round, even, yellow, streaked. Red Winter Bitter Sweet, Cider. Small, conical, yellow, flushed. ‘Red Winter Pearmain (Roberts), C. or D. Medium, conical, even, green, streaked, acid, late. Red Winter Reinette of Schmidtbergen (R.H.§.), D. Medium, round, yellow, streaked, mid-season ; worthless. Redding’s Nonpareil (R.H.8.), D. Small, round, light russet, late. Redleaf Russet (W. Paul & Son), see Cox’s Red Leaf Russet. Reinette d’Ananas, see Pitmaston Pine Apple. Reinette d’Allebearer (?) (J. Scott), D. Medium, round, yellow streaked. * Reinette Baumann, see Baumann’s Red Winter Reinette. Reinette Blanche d’Espagne (Dickson), C. Large, round or flattened, angular, greenish yellow, flushed, mid-season first quality. Reinette de Breda (Pragnell), D. Medium, round, greenish yellow, russety, firm, mid-season ; third quality. | * Reinette de Canada, oy or: Large, flat, angular, green- ish yellow, flaked, russet, firm, sweet, mid-season ; ! first quality; a very fine Apple, if grown in good situa- tions. _ Reinette de Canterbury (Rivers), C. Medium, round, angular, green, very firm, late. Reinette Carmelite, see Downton. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 849 * Reinette de Caux, greatly resembles Dutch Mignonne. Reinette Damies (J. Scott), D. Small, round, greenish yellow, acid, mid-season ; third quality. Reinette Doré (Rivers), D.orC. Medium, round, green, late ; worthless. Reinette d’Hspagne (Haycock),"D. Small, round, light russet, sweet, mid-season ; second quality. Reinette Franche, see Old Nonpareil. Reinette Gaesdouk (J. Scott), Small, round, greenish yellow; worthless. Reinette de Granville (Haycock), D. or C. Medium, round, ereenish yellow, mid-season ; second quality. Reinette de Greville (R.H.8.), C. Medium, round, angular, ereenish yellow, firm, sweet, early. * Reinette Grise (Rivers), D. Medium, round, flattened, ereenish yellow, russet, late ; first quality. * Reinette Grise d’Automne, see Reinette de Canada. Reinette Grise de Canada, see Reinette de Canada. Reinette Grise de Champagne (J. Veitch & Sons), D. or C. Medium, flat, uniform, light grey russet, flesh greenish, sweet, mid-season ; second quality. Reinette de Hollande (Haycock), D. Medium, round, orange yellow, streaked, mid-season; like a small King of the Pippins. Reinette Impératrice, see Dutch Mignonne. Reinette Jaune Hative (Kidd), resembles Gravenstein. Reinette Kapuziner (R.H.5.), D. Small, flat, light grey russet, flushed, mid-season ; second quality. Reinette Livery (J. Scott), C. Medium, conical, green, acid, soft, mid-season ; worthless. : Reinette Luisante (J. Veitch & Sons), D. or C. Medium, round, yellow, mid-season ; second quality. Reinette de Madére (Rivers), D. Medium, round, yellow, early ; second quality. Reinette du Nord, resembles Old English Codlin. Reinette Oberdieck (Pragnell), C. Small, round, greenish yellow, late ; worthless. Reinette Ontz (Lane), D. Medium, round, uniform grey russet, acid, mid-season ; very poor. Reinette Ontz (J. Veitch & Sons); resembles an early Claygate Pearmain. Reinette Perle, see Golden Winter Pearmain. Reinette Petite Grise (Cummins), D. Medium, round, ereen, late; third quality. + Reinette Rambour de Melcher (Rivers), Large, round, pale yellow, firm, late. Reinette Roequin (Rivers), D. Medium, flat, yellow, russet sweet, late ; worthless. 350 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. x = Reinette Superfin (J. Scott), D. Medium, flat, angular, oreen, late ; first quality. Reinette Thorley (Haycock), D. or C. Medium, conical, yellow, firm, mid-season ; third quality. Reinette trés tardive, see Winter Pearmain. Reinette Van Mons (J. Veitch & Sons), D. Medium, round, yellow, russet, brisk acid, early. Reinette de Versailles, see Lemon Pippin. Reinette de Vervaene (J. Scott), Small, flat, ereen, bronze ; worthless. Reinette du Vigan (J. Scott), D. Medium, flat, angular, flushed red, mid-season ; third quality. Reinette von Aongoliet (J. Scott), D. Small, flat, ereenish russet, late; third quality. ; Remborough (Cummins), resembles King of the Pippins. Rendell’s Pippin (Poynter), see Court of Wick. Rhode Island Greening (R.H.S.), D. or C. Medium, round, angular, green, firm, acid; first quality; a very fine, late keeping “Apple. Rhydd Court Seedling (Cranston Nursery Company). Similar to Golden Reinette. : Rib Apple (S. Ford), Small, oblong, yellow, flushed ; worth- less. * Ribston Pippin. Medium, round, angular, greenish yellow, flushed and streaked red, flesh yellow, firm, mid-season ; first quality ; very highly flavoured. Ribston Pearmain, see Claygate Pearmain. Richard Gilbert (Gilbert), D. Medium, round, reddish orange, soft, mid-season ; pretty. Ringer (Smith), C. Large, oblong, angular, pale yellow, soft, early ; first quality. Risomer (Britcher), D. Small, round, red streaked, sweet, early; third quality. Robinson’s Pearmain (Pragnell),C. Medium, conical, yellow, | acid, mid-season; third quality ; pretty, but worthless. Robinson’s Pippin (J. Veitch & Sons), D. Small, round green, russet, late; first quality. Rock (J. Scott), D. Small, round, yellow flushed, late; worth- legs. Roek Apple (King), D. Small, conical, yellow, flushed.: Roi d’Angleterre (Haycock), C. Medium, round, green, late. Rolland Apple (J. Dean), D. or C. Large, conical, angular, yellow, streaked, acid, mid-season. Romeril (Saunders), D. or C. Medium, flat, green, flushed, mid-season ; worthless. Ronald’s Orange Pippin (R.H. S.), D. Small, round, yellow. mid-season ; third quality. Ronald’s Royal Pearmain, see Autumn Pearmain. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 851 Rosehill Pearmain (Griffin). Rosemary Russet, D. Medium, conical, greenish yellow, russet, flushed red, firm, acid, mid-season ; first quality. Rosenhager (R.H.S.), D. or C. Medium, flat, reddish bronze, firm, sweet, late; first quality. * Ross Nonpareil (R.H.S.), D. Small, round, pale russet, flushed and streaked red, very firm, brisk, sweet; first quality. Rostocker (R.H.8.), C. Medium, round, angular, bright red shaded, very firm, late; first quality ; a very pretty Apple. Rosy Red (J. Scott), D. Small, flat, red, mid-season; third quality. Rother Hisen, see Hunt’s Royal Red. Rougemont (R. Veitch). Rough Coat Russet (Cranston Nursery Company), D. Small, flat, russet, flushed, dry, mid-season ; worthless. Rough Pippin, see Adams’ Pearmain. Rough Thorn, Cider. Small, round, angular, ereenish russet. Round Apple (Rogers). Round Codlin (R.H.8.), C. Medium, round, angular, greenish yellow, firm, mid-season. Round Winter Codlin, see Round Winter Nonesuch. Round Winter Nonesuch (R.H.8.), C. Large, round, angular, with large prominent eye, greenish yellow, streaked, late ; first quality ; a fine handsome Apple, and a free bearer. Roundway Magnum Bonum (Rivers), C. Medium, round, pale yellow, covered with minute grey spots, soft, early ; very distinct. Rowell’s Captain (Gilbert), D. or C. Medium, round, red streaked, mid-season ; a very pretty Apple. Rowell’s Lieutenant (Gilbert), D. or C. Medium, conical, pale ereen, mid-season. Rowell’s Middy (Gilbert), C. Medium, conical, even, greenish yellow, flushed, firm, acid, late. Roxbury Russet (Rivers), D. Small, flat, greenish russet, firm, sweet, late. * Royal Codlin, C. Large, conical, angular, greenish yellow, flushed red, early ; first quality; avery handsome Apple. Royal George (Poynter), C. Large, conical, angular, purplish red streaked, soft, white flesh, mid-season, first quality ; very handsome. Royal Jersey (Poynter), Cider. Medium, conical, red streaked. Royal Jubilee (Bunyard), C. Large, conical, pale yellow, flushed, firm, melting, mid-season ; first quality ; Hegemliles Manks’ Codlin. Royal Pearmain, see Old Winter Pearmain. Royal Red Streak (Crossland). 352 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. * Royal Russet, C. Large, round, grey russet, mid-season ; first quality. Royal Shepherd (Cockbill), Medium, conical, green, flushed red ; worthless.. * Royal Somerset (Garland), C. Medium, flat, even, very pale green, acid, late; first quality; handsome; somewhat resembles Dumelow’s Seedling. Royal Wilding (Cranston Nursery Company), D. Small, flat, streaked russet, mid-season ; third quality. Royal Wilding, Cider. Medium, conical, green, flushed. Ruck’s Late Nonesuch (Pollett), D. or C. Medium, oblong, green, streaked, acid, mid-season; third quality; resembles King of the Pippins. Rushout, D. Small, round, greenish yellow, dry, late; third quality. * Rushock Pearmain, resembles Sturmer Pippin. Russet Nonpareil, see Pitmaston Russet Nonpareil. Russet Pearmain (Ritchie), D. Small, flat, russet, acid, late ; worthless. Russet Pine, see Pine Apple Russet. Russet, Pine Apple, see Golden Reinette. * Russet Pippin, see Cox’s Orange Pippin. Russian Emperor, see Emperor Alexander. * Russian Transparent, see Scorpion. - Rust Cove (Beaton), Medium, conical, angular, reddish russet; worthless. Rusty Coat (Rogers), D. Small, flat, netted russet, late; worthless. Rutlandshire Foundling, see Golaen Noble. * Rymer (R.H.S.), C. Medium, flat, large open eye, greenish yellow, streaked and flushed red, firm, acid, late; first quality; a great cropper. Sack Apple, Cider. Small, conical, angular, streaked yellow. Sack Apple (Ritchie), Cider. Small, round, streaked red. Sage, No. 1 (R.H.S.), C. Medium, oblong, angular, yellow, occasionally flushed, early; second quality. Salmon Apple (King), C. Large, flat, angular, streaked yellow, early. Sam Young (R.H.8.), D. Small, flat, large open eye, light erey russet, flesh yellow, sweet, mid-season; first quality; in appearance like a Medlar. Sam’s Crab (Cranston Nursery Co.), D. or C. Medium, round, ereenish yellow, streaked red, mid-season; third quality. Sarah Sinoy (Rivers), D. or C. Medium, round, flattened, ereenish yellow, flushed, very firm, acid, mid-season. Saunders’ Jersey Pippin, see Hammond’s Jersey Pippin. Saville’s Seedling (Pollett), D. Small, round, angular, ereenish yellow, sweet, mid-season ; worthless. Ce eS ee * DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 853 Saxon (Dunn), C. Small, ovate, pale yellow, soft, early ; worthless. Scarlet Admirable (Lane), D. Small, round, streaked yellow, early; third quality; resembles Duchess of Oldenbure. Scarlet Crofton (Wheeler), D. Small, flat, yellow russet, flushed, mid-season ; first quality. Scarlet Golden Pippin (Rivers), D. Small, conical, golden russet, streaked, dry, sweet, mid-season; resembles Court of Wick. Scarlet Incomparable, see Colonel Vaughan. Scarlet Leadington (Turner), C. Medium, conical or angular, ereenish yellow, flushed scarlet, firm, acid ; first quality ; like a small Red Catshead. Searlet Nonpareil, D. Medium, round, greenish yellow, flushed deep scarlet, firm, sweet, late ; first quality; a very fine and handsome Apple. Searlet Pearmain (Selwood), C. Medium, conical, angular, red streaked, mid-season; worthless. Scarlet Pearmain, D. Medium, conical, red, acid, mid-season ; third quality ; very handsome. Scarlet Pearmain, D. Small, ovate, red streaked, mid-season ; resembles Colonel Vaughan. Searlet Pippin (Gilbert), D. Medium, conical, yellow, streaked red, acid, mid-season; second quality; resembles Autumn Pearmain. Scarlet Pippin (Cockbill), D. or C. Medium, conical, flat- tened, large open eye, scarlet, acid, mid-season; third quality ; a very handsome Apple. Scarlet Reinette (Cockbill), D. Medium, conical, even, large eye, red streaked, sweet, mid-season; first quality; very handsome. Scarlet Russet (Harding), D. Small, conical, yellow russet, flushed red, firm, sweet, mid-season ; first quality. Schlesvig Jordbaereeble (R.H.S.), D. or C. Medium, conical, even, greenish yellow, streaked, early, sweet ; first quality; somewhat resembles Cellini. Schoolmaster (Layton), C. Large, oblong, pale yellow, flushed, flesh white, soft, acid, mid-season ; first quality; handsome. Scotch Bridget (Hathaway), C. Medium, conical, angular, ereen, streaked and flushed red, flesh white, tender, sweet mid-season ; a favourite Scotch Apple. Scorpion (G. Bunyard & Co.), C. Large, flat, angular, stalk deeply- set, greenish yellow, mid-season ; first quality; a very fine Culinary Apple. Scranch Apple (Ritchie), Cider. Large, round, angular, streaked yellow. Screvetoa Golden Pippin (R.H.8.), D. Small, round, yellow, flaked russet, firm, sweet, mid-season. YE 354 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. =--fo —t- Seacliffe Hawthornden (Gilbert), C. Small round, angular, yellow, firm, sweet, juicy, mid-season. Seale’s Beauty (Britcher), resembles Macdonald’s Favourite. Seale’s Winter Pippin, see Tower of Glamis. Seaton House (Veitch), C. Large, round, flattened, pale green, streaked, mid-season ; a very pretty Apple. Seek no Further, see King of the Pippins. Seigende Reinette (R.H.S), D. or C. Large, conical, even, greenish yellow, streaked, firm, mid-season ; first quality. Sell’s Bainton Seedling (Gilbert), resembles Yorkshire Beauty. Sell’s Prolific (Gilbert), C. Small, conical, red-streaked, acid, mid-season ; worthless. Selling Pippin, see Cellini. Selwood’s Reinette (Lane), D. or C. Medium, round, angular, yellow, firm, sweet, mid-season. September Beauty (Veitch), Early, red, streaked. Serinkia (Rivers), D. Small, round, clear pale yellow, sweet, mid-season ; first quality ; avery pretty Apple. Serinkia, see Rhode Island Greening. Sharleston Pippin (Chuck), Small, green. Sharp’s Apple (Cheal), C. Medium, flat, light russet, acid, late; worthless. Sharp’s Favourite (Britcher), D. Small, round, yellow, flushed ; worthless. Sharp’s Pippin (Griffin), D. Small, round, yellow, flushed ; worthless. Sharper’s Apple (Garland), D. Small, ovate, red streaked. Sheep’s Head (King), C. Large, conical, very angular, pale ereen, flushed red, soft early. Resembles Royal Codlin. Sheep’s Nose (J. Scott), C. Medium, long, conical, angular ereen, streaked red, mid-season. Sheep’s Nose, C. or Cider. Medium, conical, angular, bright red, streaked, soft, sweet, mid-season. Sheep’s Nose, Cider. Medium, conical, pale green. Shepherd’s Fame (Rowson), C. Large, conical, pale green, flushed, acid, mid-season. Shepherd’s Newington (R.H.8.), C. Medium or large, flat, ereenish yellow, streaked, soft, mid-season. Shepherd’s Seedling (Gee), D. or C. Medium, conical, green, russet, acid, mid-season ; third quality. Shepherd’s Wilding (Cockbill), Cider. Medium, round, green. Sherlocks (S. Ford), C. Medium, conical, even, greenish russet, streaked, sweet, mid-season. Shiner (Bancroft). Shipley Pippin (8S. Ford), C. Medium, conical, green; worth- less. Shoreditch Whites, see Hawthornden. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 355 Shorter. Small, round, green; worthless. Short’s Favourite (Rowson). Showet. Siberian Crab (Paul & Son). Small, ovate, orange, flushed red ; a very ornamental fruit. Siberian Sugar. Silver Pippin, see Small’s Admirable. * Silver Saturday (King), C. Small, conical, yellow, streaked, acid ; worthless. Silver Tankard (Ritchie), C. Large, oblong, angular, pale ereen, acid, mid-season. Silverton Pippin, see Warner’s King. Sir John’s Favourite (R. Veitch). Medium, oblong, green flushed. Sir Walter Blackett’s Favourite (Grey), C. Mediun, flat, angular, large open eye, green, bronzed, firm, acid, mid- season. Skinner’s Seedling (Cummins), D. Small, conical, green, mid-season ; second quality. Skyrme’s Kernel, Cider. Small, round, yellow streaked. Slack-my-Girdle (R. Veitch & Son), Cider. Large, round, greenish yellow, streaked red; a very pretty Apple. Sleeping Beauty (Rowson), C. Small, conical, pale green, acid, late ; first quality. Sleeping Beauty (Latta), Cider. Small, round, yellow, mid- season. Small Catshead (Poynter). Small’s Admirable (R.H.8.), C. Medium, round, pale green, acid, mid-season; first quality; a very free cropping variety. Small’s Golden Pippin (Bridgman), D. Small, flat, yellow russet, flushed, firm, brisk, mid-season ; first quality. Small’s Imperial, see Small’ gs Admirable. Small’s Incomparable (Kidd). Small, ovate, greenish yellow: worthless. Smart’s Prince Albert, see Smart’s Prince Arthur. Smart’s Prince Arthur (G. Bunyard & Co.), D. or C. Large, long ovate, angular, green, red streaked, very firm, late; a handsome Apple. Smiling Beauty, see Hambledon Deux Ans. Smiling Mary, see Fearn’s Pippin. Smith’s Pippin (R. Smith & Co.) C. Medium, flat, pale green, flushed, acid, mid-season. | Smith’s Seedling, see Tibbett’s Pearmain. Snort Apple (Ritchie). Soger Jersey (J. Scott), Cider. Small, round, red streaked. Soldier (R. Veitch & Son), Cider. Medium, round, red streaked. Somerset, see Royal Somerset. Zz 2 356 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. , Somerset Apple Royal, see Winter Pearmain. Somerset Lasting, see Royal Somerset. Somersetshire Deux Ans, see Hambledon Deux Ans. Sops in Wine (R.H.58.), D. or C. Small, round, angular, scarlet, with thick bloom ; flesh streaked red, soft; third quality ; early, pretty. Sour Reinette (Garland), D. Small, conical, yellow russet, brisk acid, mid-season. Souring Apple, see Dumelow’s Seedling. South Carolina (Shingles), C. Large, round, green, red streaked, late ; resembles Hoary Morning. South Carolina Pippin (Pearson), D. Small, round, yellow flushed, acid, mid-season ; third quality. South Quoining (Ritchie), Cider. Medium, conical, red streaked. South Quoining, Cider. Medium, ovate, streaked yellow. Sovereign (Morrison), D. Small, conical, yellow russet, flushed,. mid-season. Spaniard (Benson). Spanish Green (Crossland). Spanish Pippin, see Gloria Mundi. Spanish Pippin, see Sellwood’s Reinette. * Spencer’s Favourite, see Queen Caroline. Spencer’s Green Seedling (R.H.S.), D. Small, flat, green, bronze, sweet, mid-season ; second quality. Spencer’s Seedling, see Queen Caroline. Spice Apple (Jefferies), Cider. Medium, round, angular, grey russet. Spice Apple of Burntisland (McKinnon), D. Small, conical, angular, grey russet, soft, sweet, mid-season. Spice Russet (Warland), C. Medium, round, angular, grey russet; worthless. Spreading Norman (Cranston Nursery Company), Cider. Small, conical, yellow, flushed, russety. Spring Grove Codlin (Pearson), C. Medium, conical, angu- lar, pale green, flushed, early; third quality. * Spring Ribston, see Baddow Pippin. Springfield Pippin (Cummins), C. Small, conical, angular, ereen, late. Squire’s Codlin (J. Scott), C. Small, roundish ovate, pale green, sweet ; worthless. St. Alban’s Pippin (J. Veitch & Sons), D. Medium, conical, eye large open, green russet, firm, late; second quality. * St. Lawrence (C. Turner), C. Medium, flat, red, streaked, soft, sweet, early. St. Lawrence (R.H.S.), C. Medium, round, angular, green, flushed red, acid, mid-season. St. Leonard’s Nonpareil (S. Ford), D. Medium, round, russet, soft, mid-season ; third quality. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 357 St. Mary’s Street (Gilbert), D. Medium, round, angular, russet, streaked, soft, acid, mid-season; greatly resembles Cornish Aromatic. St. Sauveur, see Calville St. Sauveur. * Stackpool Apple (Saltmarsh), D. or C. Small, conical, green, very late; will keep for two years fresh. Stadden’s Pippin (Poynter), Cider. Small, round, angular, dark red, flesh tinged red. Stadway Pippin, see Bess Pool. * Stamford Pippin (Pearson), C. Medium, round, green, late ; first quality. Stamford Pippin (Robertson), C. or D. Medium, round, red streaked, early. Stamford Pride (Gilbert). Stark (Jones), D. Medium, round, green, late; second quality. Staten (Poynter), D. Medium, round, greenish yellow, late; third quality. Stead’s Reinette (Wood & Ingram), D. Medium, round, red, sweet, early; third quality; a very pretty Apple. Stenkyrsaeble (R.H.8.), D. or C. Medium, round, angular, ereenish yellow, tender flesh, early ; first quality. + Stent’s Incomparable (Frettingham). Small, round, green flushed, red, late, large open eye. Stewart’s Kernel (Cranston Nursery Company), Cider. Medium, flat, dark red, streaked. Stewart’s Reinette (Cranston Nursery Company). Stewart’s Seedling (Fairerieve), C. Medium, conical, green, soft; worthless. * Stirling Castle (R.H.S.), C. Large, round, flattened, eye deeply set, greenish yellow, acid, soft, mid-season ; first quality ; a wonderfully free cropper. Stock Leadington, see Catshead. Stoffell’s Michlin (R.H.8.), D. or C. Medium, round, even, pale green, very solid, late. Stone Blenheim, see Hambledon Deux Ans. Stone Pippin, see Gogar. * Stone’s Apple, see Loddington Seedling. - Stone’s Seedling, see Loddington Seedling. * Stoup Leadington (Brunton), C. Large, oblong, angular, frequently with fleshy knob one side of the stalk, deep ereen, flushed, acid, mid-season ; resembles Catshead. Stradbrooke Pippin, see Bess Pool. + Strange’s Seedling (Ross), Large, round, green, somewhat resembles Stirling Castle. Strawberry Beauty. Strawberry Bitter-sweet (Ritchie), Cider. Small, conical, angular, pale green, flushed. Strawberry Norman, Cider. Medium, conical, green, streaked red. 358 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. * Strawberry Pippin (Slater), D. or C. Medium, flat, very pale, streaked, mid-season; second quality. Strawberry or Red Streak (Mundell), D. Medium, round, red, streaked, firm, juicy, sweet, early ; second quality. Stringer’s Red (Ritchie), Cider. Small, round, dark red, flesh tinged red, mid-season. * Striped Beefing (R.H.S.), C. Large, flat, open eye, green, streaked red, late; first quality ; very handsome; a pro- lific bearer. | - Striped Calville (Saunders), C. or Cider. Large, flat, angular, red, streaked, sweet, mid-season. Striped Coalhouse (King), Cider. Small, ovate, yellow, streaked. Striped Monster Reinette (Paul & Son), see Round Winter Nonesuch. Striped Pitcher (Griffin), Cider. Small, round, even, red streaked. Striped Ribston (Clayton), D. or C. Medium, ovate, angular, yellow, streaked, mid-season ; first quality. Stubton Nonpareil (Lee & Son), D. Small, conical, greenish russet, brisk, late; first quality. . Sturmer Pippin (R.H.8.),D. Small, flat, green, russet bronzed, firm, sweet, late; first quality ; a free cropper. Styre’s Bitter-sweet, Cider. Small, oblong, pale flushed : bronze. Sudbury Beauty (R.H.8.), D. Small, round, yellow, russet, firm, sweet, mid-season; first quality. Sugar and Cream (Gee), Small, ovate, light russet. Sugar and Cream (Hiam), Cider. Small, conical, red, streaked. Sugar Apple (Cranston Nursery Company). Sugar Pippin (Wheeler & Son), D. Small, round, yellow, sweet, mid-season; third quality. * Sugarloaf Pippin (R.H.8.), C. Medium, oblong, angular, pale yellow, tender, sweet, first early; first quality; a great cropper. Summer Golden Pippin, see Yellow Ingestrie. * Summer Golden Pippin (R.H.S.), D. Small, conical, greenish yellow, flushed, tender, sweet, first early ; first quality. Summer Nonesuch, see Nonesuch. * Summer Nonpareil (R.H.8.), D. Small, round, pale yellow, brisk acid, early ; second quality. | Summer Orange (Saltmarsh), D. Medium, flat, orange yellow, flushed, sweet, early; third quality. Summer Pearmain (J. Scott), D. or C. Small, conical, angu- lar, streaked, yellow, acid, mid-season. Summer Pearmain, see Claygate Pearmain. Summer Queen (Cheal), D. Small, round, yellow, streaked, early ; second quality. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 359 Summer Queen (Praenell), D. Large, flat, angular, streaked yellow, very sweet; third quality. Summer Quoining (Ritchie), C. Medium, conical, angular, light bronze red, early. Summer Rose (McIndoe). Summer Strawberry (Paul & Son), D. or C. Large, round, angular, red streaked, firm, mid-season; handsome. Summer Strawberry (Whyte), D. Small, ovate, red streaked, sweet, first early. Summer Strawberry (Lee & Son), D. Medium, conical, angular, red streaked, soft, early ; a pretty, early Apple. Summer Sweet (Crossland), D. Small, round, yellow, early ; third quality. Summer Thorle (Mundell), D. Small, flat, very clear, red flushed and streaked, flesh white, sweet, first early; first quality; a great cropper; much grown in Scotland. Summer Whorle, see Summer Thorle. Sunflower, see Yorkshire Beauty. Surpasse Reinette d’Angieterre, see Reinette de Canada. Surrey Nonpareil, see Sweeney Nonpareil. Sutton Beauty (Rivers), D. Medium, round, streaked orange, sweet, mid-season ; first quality ; resembles Cox’s Orange Pippin. Swaar (McIndoe), D. Small, round, yellow, very hard, mid- season ; third quality. Swaar (R.H.8.), resembles Rhode Island Greening. Swedish Pearmain, see Swedish Reinette. Swedish Reinette (R.H.S.), D. or C. Large, conical, even, small eye, bright rosy red, streaked, acid, soft, mid-season ; second quality ; an extremely pretty Apple. Sweet Achan (J. Scott), C. Medium, round, streaked yellow, sweet ; worthless. Sweet Albert, C. or Cider. Medium, conical, angular, pale ereen flushed, sweet. Sweet Alfred (R. Veitch & Son), Cider. Small, round, flushed yellow, sweet. Sweet Buckland (Garland), C. Medium, flat, bronze green, very dry; worthless. Sweet Haccombe, Cider. Small, conical, angular, yellow, streaked. Sweet Hangdown, Cider. Small, conical, yellow, flushed. Sweet Kingston, Cider. Small, flat, angular, dark red, streaked. | Sweet Laden, see Brabant Bellefleur. Sweet Lading, see Brabant Bellefleur. Sweet Leydon, see Brabant Bellefleur. Sweet Pennard, Cider. Small, round, yellow, flushed bronze. Sweet Pomeroy, see Old Pomeroy. 860 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Sweet Portugal, Cider. Small, conical, yellow, flushed. * Sweet Reinette, D. Small, flat, golden russet, sweet, late ; resembles Pitmaston Russet Nonpareil. Sweet Russet Coats (Poynter), D. Medium, flat, yellow, russet, flushed ; worthless. Sweet Sheep’s Nose (J. Scott), C. or Cider. Medium, conical, pointed, pale green, streaked, mawkish sweet ; worthless ; resembles Old Pomeroy. Sweeney Nonpareil (R.H.S.), D. Medium, flat, green, russet, very acid, late. Sweesley Imperial (Paul & Son). * Syke House Russet (J. Veitch & Son), D. Small, flat, orange yellow, flaked russet, firm, sweet, mid-season; first quality; a very pretty and distinct Apple. Tankard, see Royal Codlin. Tartnell, see Cardinal. Taylor’s Apple (Ritchie). Taylor’s Seedling, see Clove Pippin. Ten Shillings (Dunn), D. Medium, round, angular, red streaked, acid, early ; third quality. Ten Shillings, see White Square. Terwin’s Goliath, see Catshead. Tewkesbury Baron (Wheeler), C. or Cider. Large, round, large open eye, greenish yellow, flushed and streaked bright crimson, acid, mid-season; a very handsome Apple. The Butcher (Gilbert), very closely resembles Andrew’s Invincible. The Fairy, see Fairy. The Maiden (McKinnon), C. Medium, flat, green, russet, streaked, acid, late; resembles Hambledon Deux Ans, but with large open eye. The March Queen (Gilbert), D. Small, flat, rounded, green, russet, late, acid; third quality. The Miller’s Thumb (King), D. or C. Small, ovate, green, flushed ; worthless. The Parcel Post (Gilbert), D. Small, round, angular, streaked yellow, sweet, early; third quality. The Post Office (Gilbert), C. Medium, conical, yellow, flushed, acid, mid-season ; worthless. ‘The Professor (Fairgrieve), C. Small, round, ovate, greenish yellow, acid, mid-season; second quality. * The Queen (Saltmarsh), C. Large, flat, even, greenish yellow, streaked, soft, acid; first quality ; mid-season; a large and very handsome Apple. The Old Trumpeter, see Trumpington. * The Sandringham (Penny), C. Large, conical, ight green, flushed, tender, acid, mid-season ; first quality. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 861 The Ten Commandments (Badger), D. or Cider. Medium, round, dark red, flesh brisk acid, streaked with red; mid- season. The Woodman (Gilbert), C. Small, round, yellow, flushed, acid, mid-season. Thickwood, Cider. Small, flat, red, streaked. Thomage Seedling (J. Scott), D. Small, round, bronze green, late; third quality. Thomason (8. Ford), C. or D. Medium, conical, angular, red, flushed, soft, early. Thomason (Cheal). Thompson’s Seedling, see New Northern Greening. Thoresby Seedling, see Grange’s Pearmain. Thorle, see Summer Thorle. * Thorle Pippin, see Summer Thorle. Three Years Old, see French Crab. * Tibbett’s Incomparable, see Tibbett’s Pearmain. Tibbett’s Pearinain (Killick), C. Very large, conical, angular, greenish bronze, streaked, flesh dry ; second quality, mid- season ; a handsome distinct Apple. Tiffen (Crossland), C. Small, round, red, streaked, flesh white, mid-season. Tiltwood Pippin (Gandy), C. Medium, ovate, large eye, pale ereen, flushed, acid, mid-season. Tobut’s Red Streak (S. Ford), C. or Cider. Large, round, angular, green, streaked, soft, acid. Toker’s Incomparable (Saunders), C. Large, round, angular, ereenish yellow, flushed, dry flesh, mid-season; somewhat like a pale Hollandbury. Tom Harryman (Beaton), C. Medium, round, yellow, soft, early. Tom a (Forbes), C. Medium, flat, angular, ight copper, dry, mid-season. * Tom Putt, C. or Cider. Large, round, angular, dark red, streaked, firm, acid; second quality, mid-season ; a very handsome Apple. Tom Tadpole (Chuck), D. Small, round, yellow, acid, early; third quality. Top Apple, see Goff. * Tower of Glamis (R.H.8.), C. Large, conical, angular, pale green, flushed, firm, acid, mid-season; first quality; a handsome Apple and a great cropper. Tower’s Glory (R.H.5.), C. Medium, round, even, green, flushed, very firm, late. Transcendent Crab (Cheal), Small, ovate, yellow, flushed ; a very ornamental fruit. * Transparent (King), Small, round, angular, pale green, flushed ; worthless. 362 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Transparent Codlin (R.H.S.), C. Medium, conical, angular, greenish yellow, flushed, soft, early ; resembles Old English Codlin. Transparent de Croncelles (Paul & Son), D. or C. Large, round, yellow, soft, early; second quality, clear skin, pretty. Traveller’s Pippin, see Herefordshire Pearmain. Treadcroft’s Seedling (J. Veitch & Sons), Small, conical, even, yellow, flushed, acid, late; resembles Edmund Jupp. Tremlett’s Bitter (Garland), Cider. Medium, oblong, red. Trumpeter (Lane), C. Medium, round, green, streaked, soft, acid, early; worthless: Trumpington (Cranston Nursery Company), D. Small, flat, angular, large open eye, red, streaked, sweet, mid-season; third quality. Tudbail Russet, see Wareham Russet. Tun Apple (Saltmarsh), D. Large, oblong, reddish russet, mid-season ; first quality. Turbanks (Bull). Turk’s Head, see Round Winter Nonesuch. * Twenty Ounce (R.H.8.), C. Medium, round, pale green, soft, mid-season. Twenty Shillings (8. Ford), C. Small, conical, even, pale yellow, soft, mid-season ; worthless. Twin Cluster Golden Pippin, see Cluster Golden Pippin. Twining’s Apple (Haycock), D. Small, flat, green, russet, late; third quality. Twining’s Pippin (G. Bunyard & Co.), D. Small, round, even, green, russet, late. Two Years Old (Ritchie), D. Small, flat, russet, flushed, dry ; worthless. | * Tyler’s Kernel (Parker), C. Large, conical, greenish yellow, flushed, deep red, firm, acid, mid-season; first quality ; avery handsome Apple. Uellner’s Golden Reinette (Cummins), D. Medium, flat, large open eye, clear yellow, flushed russet, dry, mid- ; season ; first quality. * Uncle Barney, see Lucombe’s Seedling. Underleaf (Cranston Nursery Company), D. Small, conical, angular, ight russet; worthless. Upright French, Cider. Conical, angular, yellow, russet, flushed. _ Vale Mascal Pearmain (R.H.§8.), D. Small, round, flattened, red, russety, firm, brisk, acid, mid-season. Valleyfield, Cider. Small, round, red streaked. Van Houtte, see Evagil. _ Van Mons Reinette (Rivers), D. Small, round, yellow, russet, mid-season ; second quality. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 863 _ Vaun’s Pippin (Rivers). % Me % Veitch’s Cluster, see Warner’s King. Ventmus Ellicott Pippin, see King of the Pippins. Vermilion d’EHspagne, see Fearn’s Pippin. Victoria, see Holbert’s Victoria. Vineyard Pippin, see Hanwell Souring. Vineyard Pippin (Lee & Son), Greatly resembles Fearn’s Pippin. Wadhurst Pippin (R.H.8.), D. or C. Large, round, yellow, streaked, firm, acid, mid-season ; first quality. Wagener (Rivers), D. Medium, round, green, streaked, mid- season ; second quality. Wagner (R.H.S), D. Medium, flat, angular, greenish yellow, flushed, sweet, mid-season. ; Walker’s Summer Broading (Pearson), D. or C. Medium, flat, greenish yellow, streaked, mid-season; a great cropper. Walsgrove Blenheim, see Bess Pool. Walsgrove Wonder, see Yorkshire Beauty. Walter Blackett’s Favourite, see Sir Walter Blackett’s Favourite. Waltham Abbey Seedling (R.H.S.), C. Large, round, pale yellow, soft, tender, mid-season; first quality; a great cropper. Waltham Cross (W. Paul & Son), D. or C. Medium, flat, even, greenish yellow, red streaked, soft, sweet ; pretty. Waltham Pippin (R.H.S.), D. Medium, round, angular, green, flushed red, soft, sweet, mid-season; second quality. Ward’s Pippin, see Blenheim Orange. Ward’s Red (Wright). Wareham Russet (Dickson), C. Large, flat, angular, green, russet, flushed bronze, firm, late ; a very fine Apple. Warner’s King (J. Veitch & Sons), C. Very large, round, flattened, pale green, soft, tender, early; first quality. Warner’s Pippin (Ross), C. Large, oblong, pale green, flushed, mid-season. Warner’s Seedling (Warner), C. Large, flat, green, flushed red, firm, acid, late; first quality ; resembles Bramley’s Seedling. Warwickshire Pippin, see Wyken Pippin. Washington (G. Bunyard & Co.), D. or C. Large, round, yellow streaked, soft, mid-season ; first quality; a very fine looking Apple. Water Pippin (S. Ford), C. Small, conical, green, acid, mid- season ; worthless. Water’s Crab, Cider. Small, round, green. Waterford Nonpareil (Saunders), D. Small, conical, green, russet, late; third quality. Waterloo, see Fearn’s Pippin. 364 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Waterloo Pippin (J. Scott), C. Small, round, flushed, yellow, late ; third quality. Watson’s Dumpling (J. Veitch & Sons), D. or C. Medium, conical, angular, yellow, streaked, sweet, mid-season. + Watson’s Nonesuch, see Thorle Pippin. Wax Apple (8. Ford), Small, conical, golden ; an ornamental Crab. Waxwork (Bates). | Wealthy (Bunyard), D. Medium, round, flushed red, flesh white, tender ; first quality ; mid-season, pretty. Weaver’s Kernel, Cider. Small, round, red streaked. Webb’s Russet (Cummins), C. Large, flat, green, russet, acid, late. Webster’s Harvest Festival (Britcher), see Hoary Morning. Welford Park Nonesuch (Ross), C. Large, round, flattened, even, greenish yellow, streaked, soft, acid, mid-season ; first quality ; a very handsome Apple. Well Apple (Ritchie), Cider. Large, round, red streaked; resembles Tom Putt. Well’s Sweet (Rivers), D. Medium, conical, green flushed, sweet ; worthless. * Wellington, see Dumelow’s Seedling. Wellington Pippin, see Dumelow’s Seedling. Wellington (Bradley). ‘Werder’s Golden Reinette (R.H.8.), D. Small, round, even, large open eye, pale yellow, flushed, sweet, mid-season ; first quality ; a very pretty Apple; resembles Hoffner’s Golden Reinette. Wesleyan (White), resembles Grey Pippin. Western Seedling (Jenkins), D. or C. Small, round, angular, yellow, streaked, firm, mid-season ; worthless. Westland (Beaton), D. Small, round, yellow, acid. early ; third quality. Wheeler’s Kernel, see Hawthornden. Wheeler’s Late Keeping (Moorhouse), D. Small, conical, reddish russet, acid, mid-season; second quality. * Wheeler’s Russet (Cranston Nursery Company), D. Medium, round, russet, firm, sweet, late; first quality. Whistleberry (King). Whitby Pippin (Ritchie). White Acid (J. Scott), Small, conical, pale green, acid, mid- season; worthless. White Apple (Warden). White Astrachan (Dunn), D. or C. Small, conical, angular, very pale yellow, soft, first early ; second quality. White Bitter-sweet, Cider. Small, round, pale yellow. White Blenheim (Hiam), C. Medium, round, green, acid, mid-season. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 868 . White Buckland, see Devonshire Buckland. White Busbelly (Garland), Cider. Small, conical, angular, yellow flushed. White Calville, see Calville Blanche. White Calville, see Scotch Bridget. White Cluster (Garland), Cider. Small, flat, angular, very pale yellow. White ee (Clark), C. Medium, ovate, angular, pale yellow, early. White Devonshire (S. Ford), C. Large, conical, angular, sreenish yellow, soft, mid-season ; worthless. White Dumpling, resembles White Melrose. White Dutch Mignonne, see Dutch Mignonne. White Hawthornden, see Hawthornden. White Holland Pippin (S. Ford), C. Medium, conical, pale ereen, flushed, firm, acid, late. White Itterly Bitter-sweet (Ritchie), Cider. Small, round, pale yellow. White Jersey. White Juneating (Kidd), D. Small, round, flattened, green- ish yellow, faintly flushed, very sweet, first early; a nice and very early Apple. White Loaf (Slater), C. Small, flat, angular, pale green, flushed red, dry, mid-season. White Melrose (Hogg), C. Large, broad, conical, angular, pale yellow, soft, early; a fine Apple. White Moloscha (R.H.S.), see Wyken Pippin. White Moncrieff (King), C. Medium, conical, angular, pale yellow, early. White Musk (Cranston Nursery Company), Round, greenish yellow, soft, early. White Nonpareil (R.H.8.), D. Small, flat, green, russet, flesh white, tender, sweet, mid-season ; first quality. White Norman, Cider. Very small, round, pale. * White Paradise, see Kge. White Pippin, see Devonshire Buckland. White Pippin (Hathaway). Small, conical, angular, pale ereen ; worthless. White Quarrenden (R. Veitch), Medium, round, pale, streaked red, soft; worthless. White Russet (Pearson), ©. Large, oblong, angular, flushed orange russet, dry, mid-season ; worthless. White Russet (Wood & Ingram), D. Medium, flat, angular, bronze flushed, sweet, late. White Square (Crossland), C. Large, flat, angular, yellow, flushed, dry, early. White Tom Putt (Pragnell), Cider. Small, round, pale yellow, very long stalk. 8366 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. White Winter Pearmain (Rivers), see Golden Winter Pear- main. White’s Newtown Pippin, see Newtown Pippin. Whiting Pippin (Ritchie), C. Medium, flat, angular, yellow, sweet, mid-season; second quality. Whittle’s Dumpling (Poynter), C. or Cider. Large, flat, angular, pale yellow, flushed bright red, very acid, mid- season ; resembles Hollandbury. Whorle Pippin, see Summer Thorle. Wilding’s Bitter-sweet (Haywood), Cider. Small, conical, yellow, flushed. Wilding’s Kernel, Cider. Small, round, yellow, streaked red. Wilding’s Red Streak (J. Scott), C. Small, conical, greenish yellow, streaked, acid, mid-season. William Richardson (8. Ford). Willie Bonny (King), C. Medium, round, angular, streaked yellow, acid, late. | Wilson’s Codlin, see Nelson Codlin. Wilson’s Prolific (Pragnell), D. Small, round, angular, red, early, mawkish sweet ; third quality. Wilson’s Prolific (Killick), D. Small, round, large open eye, red, acid, late; second quality. Wiltshire Pippin, C. Medium, round, streaked yellow, sweet, mid-season. Windsor Castle (Dickson), D. or C. Large, flat, red flushed, sweet, mid-season; second quality ; a pretty Apple. Wine Sour, Cider. Round, yellow, streaked. Winnett’s Apple, C. Medium, oblong, pale yellow, soft, early. Winter Ballyfatten, see Sir Walter Blackett’s Favourite. Winter Beefing, see Norfolk Beefing. Winter Bellefieur, see Hambledon Deux Ans. Winter Bellefont (R. Veitch & Son), D. Small, round, green, streaked, hard, late; third quality. Winter Codlin (R.H.S.), C.. Large, round, angular, pale green, very firm, late. Winter Coleman, see Norfolk Beefing. Winter Fullwood (Brunton), C. Medium, conical, angular, sreen russet, flushed, very dry flesh, late. Winter Golden Pearmain, see Golden Winter Pearmain. Winter Greening, see French Crab. * Winter Hawthornden (R.H.8.), C. Large, flat, very pale yellow, almost white, firm, acid, mid-season ; first quality, handsome; a great cropper; distinct from New Haw- thornden. Winter Hillier, see Hambledon Deux Ans. Winter Lawrence (Poynter), D. Small, conical, even, yellow, brisk, mid-season ; first quality; very handsome. * DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF APPLES. 367 Winter Majetin (R.H.S.), D. Small, round, angular, green, bronze, firm; second quality, mid-season. Winter Nonesuch (Pragnell), D or C. Medium, ovate, pale yellow, streaked, dry, early ; pretty, but worthless. Winter Peach, see Devonshire Buckland. Winter Peach, D. or C. Medium, flat, open eye, pale green, flushed, firm, late; first quality; a very pretty Apple. Winter Pearmain, see Old Winter Pearmain. Winter Pearmain, see Dredge’s Fame. Winter Pearmain, see Claygate Pearmain. Winter Quoining (J. Veitch & Sons), C. Small, oblong, very angular, especially near the crown, light russet, flushed, dry, mid-season. Winter Red Streak (McKinnon), C. Medium, round, flattened, red streaked, late. Winter Red Streak (Dunn), resembles Cambusnethan Pippin. Winter Ribston, see Baddow Pippin. Winter Ruby (Graham), C. Medium, flat, angular, bronze, streaked, acid, firm; somewhat resembles Yorkshire Greening. Winter Russet (S. Ford), C. Medium, conical, green, russet, late; third quality. Winter Strawberry (Brunton), C. Medium, conical, angular, pale green, streaked, acid, mid-season. Winter Streak (Graham), C. Medium, conical, angular, ereen, red streaked, hard, late. Winter Striped Pearmain (Gilbert), D. or C. Medium, conical, greenish yellow, russet streaked, acid, mid-season ; third quality ; greatly resembles Adams’ Pearmain. Winter Stubbard (Rogers), Small, conical, pale yellow, flushed, acid ; worthless. Winter Wynd (Morrison), C. Medium, round, angular, green streaked, firm, acid, late. Wippell’s Seedling (R. Veitch & Son), D. or C. Medium, conical, even, greenish yellow, streaked, mid-season, acid; second quality ; a handsome Apple, not unlike Cellini. Withington Fillbasket (R.H.S.), C. Very large, round, angu- lar, greenish yellow, flushed, soft, mid-season. Witney’s Kernel (Ritchie). Woodbine Pippin (Pearson), D. Medium, round, green, streaked, acid, late, third quality. Woodhill (Rivers), D. Medium, conical, angular, streaked yellow, sweet, mid-season ; second quality. Woodley’s Favourite (Wood & Ingram), C. Large, round, angular, greenish yellow, mid-season. Woolaston Pippin (Cranston Nursery Company), C. Small, conical, pale yellow, acid; pretty, but worthless. 868 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Woolaton Pippin, see Court Pendu Plat. Woolaton Pippin, resembles Dutch Mignonne. Wooling’s Favourite, see Beauty of Kent. Worcester Fillbasket. * Worcester Pearmain (R. Smith & Co.), D. small, round, red, early; first quality; a very pretty Apple, and a free bearer; resembles Duchess’s Favourite. Wormsley Grange (Cranston Nursery Company), C. Large, round, angular, greenish yellow ; first quality, mid-season. * Wormsley Pippin (J. Veitch & Sons), D. or C. Large, round, angular, greenish yellow, brisk, sweet, early; first quality; a very free bearer. * Wyken Pippin (R.H.S.), D. Small, flat, even, pale green, mid-season ; first quality ; a pretty Apple. Yellow Beefing (R.H.8.), C. Medium, flat, angular, green, acid, mawkish; worthless. Yellow Bellefieur, see Mrs. Barron. Yellow Bough (R.H.8.), D. or C. Large, conical, even, pale yellow, flushed, soft, sweet, early; first quality; a very pretty Apple. Yellow Coalbrook (Rogers), Cider. Medium, round, angular, orange, flushed. Yellow Ingestrie, Small, conical or oblong, even, bright golden yellow, sweet, early; first quality ; a pretty Apple and a great cropper. Yellow Newtown Pippin (Lee & Son), D. Medium, flat, angular, bronze green, late; third quality. Yellow Norman (Cranston Nursery Company), Cider. Medium, conical, angular, flushed yellow. Yellow Strawberry (Ritchie), C. or Cider. Medium, round, yellow streaked, acid, mid-season ; third quality. Yellow Styre, Cider. Ovate, greenish yellow. York Glory (R.H.8.), C. Large, round, flattened, red streaked, late; somewhat resembles Hoary Morning. * Yorkshire Beauty (R.H.S8.), C. Large, round, angular, orange yellow, flushed bright red; second quality, mid-season ; a very heavy cropper. Yorkshire Beefing, see Winter Majetin. Yorkshire Cockpit, see Cockpit. Yorkshire Goose Sauce, see Yorkshire Greening. * Yorkshire Greening (R.H.S.), C. Large, flat, angular, green, streaked red, acid, late; first quality; a very fine sauce Apple. Yorkshire Pippin, C., see Round Winter Nonesuch. Yorkshire Queen, C., see Hambledon Deux Ans. 369 SYNONYMS. (AS NOTED AT Adams’ Pearmain. Adams’ Reinette. Rough Pippin. Winter Striped Pearmain. Alexandra. American Catkin. Allen’s Everlasting. Harvey’s Everlasting. Apt. Lady Apple. Atkin’s Seedling. Atkin’s No. 2. Autumn Calville. New Blandon. Autumn Pearmain. Ronald’s Royal Winter. Baddow Puppin.. D’Arcy Spice. Spring Ribston. Winter Ribston. Barcelona Pearmain. Black Norman. Baumann’s Red Winter Reinette. Gros Pigéonet. Reinette Baumann. Baxter's Pearman. King of the Orchard. Beauty of Kent. Gadd’s Seedling. Kentish Beauty. Kentish Broading. - Wooling’s Favourite. Benoni. Fail me Never. THE CONGRESS.) Bess Pool. Old Bess Pool. Stadway Pippin. Stradbroke Pippin. Black Blenheim. Muskirke Gelbe Reinette. Walsgrove Blenheim. Blenheim Orange. Beauty of Hants. Blenheim Pippin. Dredge’s Fame. Gloucester Pippin. Northampton. Postrophe. Prince of Wales. Ward’s Pippin. Brabant Bellefleur. Bellefleur Brabant. Iron Apple. New Scarlet Pearmain. Sweet Laden. Sweet Lading. Sweet Leyden. Winter Bellefleur. Braddick’s Nonparet!. Lincoinshire Reinette. — Brietling. Menagéere. Bringewood Pippin. Pompone Pippin. | Burchardt’s Reinette. | Burchardt’s Seedling. Byson Wood Russet. Bisingwood Russet. Calville Blanche. White Calville. AA 370 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Calville Rouge d’Automne. Red Autumn Calville. Red Blandon. Cambusnethan Pippin. Winter Red Streak. Cardinal. Tartnell’s. Carlisle Codlin. Trish Codlin. Musk Apple. Catshead. Green Leadington. Leadington Monstrous. Loggerhead. © Monstrous Leadington. Stock Leadington. Terwin’s Gohath. Cellini. Phillip’s Seedling. Selling Pippin. Claygate Pearmain. Archerfield Pearmain. Bradley’s Pearmain. Brown’s Pippin. Kmpress Eugenie. Deepdene Pearmain. Doncaster Pearmain, Formosa Nonpareil. Formosa Pippin. Fowler’s Pippin. Mason’s. Ribston Pearmain. Summer Pearmain. Winter Pearmain. Clove Pippin. Taylor’s Seedling. Cluster Golden Pippin. Cluster Pippin. Golden Cluster Pippin. Twin Cluster Golden Pippin. Cockle’s Pippin. Brown Cockle Pippin, Nutmeg Pippin. Cockpit. Yorkshire Cockpit. Coe’s Golden Drop. Golden Drop. Bishop’s Thumb. Colonel Vaughan. Kentish Pippin. Red Coachman. Scarlet Incomparable. Cormish Aromatic. Aromatic. Court Pendu Plat. Woolaton Pippin. Court of Wick. Glass of Wine. Rendell’s Pippin. Cox’s Orange Puppin. Kemp’s Orange. Coxz’s Pomona. Fearn’s Apple. Hill’s Seedling. Pomona. Red Ingestrie. Coxz’s edleaf Russet. Redleaf Russet. Devonshire Buckland. Golden Ball. Lord Wolseley. Pile’s Victoria. White Buckland. White Pippin. Winter Peach. Devonshire Quarrenden. Quarrenden. Red Quarrenden. Downton. Majestic. Reinette Carmelite. Downton Nonpareil. Clarke’s Pippin. Drap d'Or. Eldon Pippin. Dredge’s Fame. Winter Pearmain. Duchess’s Favourite. Duchess of York. Duchessof York’s Favourite. Duchess of Glo’ster. SYNONYMS. Duchess of Oldenburg. Borovitsky. Karly Joe. Queen Mary. Duke of Devonshire. Holker. Dumelow’s Seedling. Duke of Wellington. Fair Maid of Taunton. Lord Duncan. Lord Hampton’s Wonder. Normanton Wonder. Souring Apple. Wellington. Wellington Pippin. Dutch Fullwood. Fullwood. Dutch Mignonne. Croft Angry. Contor. Copmanthorpe Russet. Grosser Casselar Reinette. Rawle’s Reinette. Reinette de Caux. Reinette Impeératrice. White Dutch Mignonne. Harly Julien. — Julien. Karly June. Harly Margaret. Margaret. Hast Lothian Pippin. Hast Lothian Seedling. Eccleston Pippin. Gay’s Harvest Reinette. Licklunville Seedling. Keklinville Pippin. Keklinville. Glory of the West. Edmund Jupp. Holtzen’s Herbst Apfel. Egg or White Paradise. Adam’s Apple. Kge Apple. Lady’s Finger. Paradise. White Paradise. Emperor Alexander. Aijexander. Grand Alexander. Jolly Gentleman. Russian Emperor. Hvagil. Evagil Pippin. : Van Houtte. Farry. Fairy Apple. Queen Apple. Fearn’s Puppin. Bennet’s Defiance. Smiling Mary. Vermilion d’ Espagne. Waterloo. French Crab. Amiens Long Keeper. Kaster Pippin. Green Beefing. Iron King. Winter Greening. — Galloway Pippin. | Gallibro. Galloway’s Apple. | Galway’s. Garret’s Golden Pippin. | Garret’s Pippin. Gloria Mundi. Baltimore. Belle Dubois. Monstrous Pippin. Spanish Pippin. Glory of England. Goff. Ackland Vale. Kentish Orange Goff. Orange Goff. Top Apple. Gogar or Stone. Gogar Pippin. Stone Pippin. AA2 Gascoigne’s Seedling. | ov1 372 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Gold Russet. Old Golden Russet. Golden Ducat. Cobham. Ducket. Golden Harvey. Brandy Apple. Bradley’s Golden Pearmain. Guernsey Pippin. Golden Knob. Kentish Golden Knob. Golden Noble. Glow of the West. Golden Stranger. Gough’s Seedling. Lord Clyde. Rutlandshire Foundling. Golden Pippin. Milford Pippin. Golden Reinette. Old Golden Reinette. Russet Pine Apple. Golden Winter Pearmain. Golden Pearmain. Reinette Perle. White Winter Pearmain. Winter Gold Pearmain. Grand Duke Constantine. Grand Duke. Grange Pippin. Beauty of Wells. Grange’s Pearmain. Coronation Pippin. Thoresby Seedling. Gravenstewm. Tom Harryman. Hambledon Deux Ans. Blue Stone Pippin. Deux Ans. Hambledon. Green Blenheim. Green Kitchen. Hamilton’s. Mitchell’s Seedling. Pine Apple Pippin. Pile’s Russet. Pudding Apple. Smiling Beauty. Somersetshire Deux Ans. © Stone Blenheim. Winter Hiller. Yorkshire Queen. Hammond’s Jersey Pippin. Jersey Pippin. Saunders’ Jersey Pippin. Hanmond’s Pippin. Hammond’s Pearmain. Hanwell Souring. Landmere Russet. Lawrence’s Seedling. Red Shannon. Vineyard Pippin. Hawthornden. Hawley. Hawthornden Red. Lincolnshire Pippin. Lord Kingston. Shoreditch Whites. Wheeler’s Kernel. White Hawthornden. Herefordshire Pearmain. Traveller’s Pippin. Hicks’ Fancy. Harly Nonpareil. Lord Exeter’s Favourite. Nonpareil Early. Hoary Mormng. Honeymoon. Webster’s Harvest Festival. Holbert’s Victoria. Hulbert’s Victoria. Victoria. Hollandbury. Bon Rouge. Bland’s Summer. Livesey’s Imperial. . Scarlet Admirable. Hunt’s Royal Red. Rother Hisen. Imperial. Belle Imperiale. Irish Giant. Mead’s Broading. Irish Peach. Karly Apple. Jersey Chisel. Chisel Jersey. John Apple. Northern Greening. Keens’ Seedling. Kiston. Kentish Fillbasket. Fillbasket. Keswick Codlin. Everbearing. King Pippin. Donabety. Odelson’s. Red Streak Pippin. King of the Pippins. English Winter Gold Pear- main. Prince’s Pippin. Pike’s Pearmain. Seek no Farther. Ventmuss Ellicott. Lady Apple. Pomme d’Api. Lane’s Prince Albert. ~ Prince Albert. Lemon Pippin. Reinette de Versailles. Lewis’s Incomparable. Incomparable. Loddington Seedling. Lord Raglan. Stone’s. Stone’s Seedling. London Pippin. Calville du Haire. Five Crown. Five Crowned Pippin, Old London Pippin. SYNONYMS, Lord Suffield. Lady Sutherland. Livesley’s Imperial. Lucombe’s Pine. Lucombe’s Pine Apple. Lucombe’s Seedling. Unele Barney. Mabbott’s Pearmain. Canterbury. McLellan. Maclellan, Manchester Pippin. Muckleham Pearmain. Manks’ Codlin, Belmont. English Pitcher. Eve. Orme. — Margit. Monymusk. Mére de Ménage. Red German. Minchal Crab. Minchall Crab. Monousten Reimette. Brown’s Imperial Russet. Morgan Sweet. Morgan. Murfitts Seedling. Murfitt’s Apple. Nelson Codlin. Wilson’s Codlin. New Hawthornden. Hawthornden New. Graham’s Giant. New Northern Greening. Thompson’s Seedling. Newtown Pippin. White Newtown Pippin. Nine Square Pippin. Nine Square. Devon Nine Square. 373 o74 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Nonesuch. Karly Nonesuch. Maiden. Nonesuch, Early. Old Nonesuch. Summer Nonesuch. Norfolk Beefing. Norfolk Bearer. Norfolk Coleman. Ramsden. Red Beefing. Winter Coleman. Winter Beefing. Norfolk Paradise. Cherry Orchard. Norfolk Storing. Dolphine. Golden Ball, — Old English Codlin. English Codlin. Old Golden Pippin. Golden Pippin. Old Leathercoat Russet. Leathercoat Brown Russet. Old Nonparetl. ~ » Golden Russet Nonpareil. Nonpareil. Old Pomeroy. Jenny Oubury. Pomeroy of Somerset. Pomeroy. Sweet Pomeroy. Old Winter Pearman. Winter Pearmain. Ornament de la Table. Pomme de Lippé. Oslin. Arbroath Pippin. Arbroath Oslin. Petworth Nonpareil. Green Nonpareil. Nonpareil Petworth. Pile’s Russet. Jews’ Hands. Pitmaston Russet Nonpareil. Pitmaston Russet. Russet Nonpareil. Nonpareil Russet. Pine Apple Russet. Benwell’s Large. Muss Russet. Pomeroy Russet. Russet Pine. Pine, Golden Pippin. Pine Apple Russet. | Pitmaston Golden Pippin. Golden Pitmaston. Pitmaston Pme Apple. Reinette d’ Ananas. Pomme de Nevge. Fameuse. Formosa. La Fameuse. Red American. Potts’ Seedling. Dean’s Codlin. Holland Pippin. Notts Seedling. Pratt’s Pudding. Queen Caroline. Bossom. Brown’s Codlin. Spencer’s Favourite. Spencer’s Seedling. Fed Astrachan. Castle Leno Pippin. Duke of Devon. Pomeroy. Red Winter Pearmain. Chilston Long Keeper. Femette de Canada. Reinette grise d’Automne. Reinette grise de Canada. Surpasse Reinette d’ Angleterre. Reinette de Hollande. Pomme Russet. SYNONYMS. 375 Ribston Pippin. Essex Pippin. Formosa. Nonpareil d’ Angleterre. Ringer. Balgonie. Doctor. Ross Nonpareil. Nonpareil Ross. Lawson Pearmain. Round Winter Nonesuch. Beauty of Wilts. Round Winter Codlin. Turk’s Head. Striped Monster Reinette. Yorkshire Pippin. Roundway’s Magnum Bonum. Magnum Bonum. Royal Codlin. Dutch Codlin. Fat Ox. Tankard. Fioyal Russet. French Royal Russet. Large Russet. Pomme Royale. Foyal Somerset. Somerset. Somerset Lasting. Fymer. Allman’s Scarlet Pippin. Caldwell. Green Balsam. Lanterne. Old Caldwell. Parsons. Sack. Herefordshire Sack. Sam Young. Irish Russet. Scarlet Crofton. Crofton Scarlet. Scarlet Nonpareil. Nonpareil Scarlet. Scarlet Pearmain. French Pippin. Melville Pippin. Scorpion. D’ Kelat. Harvey’s Wiltshire Defiance. Russian Transparent. Scotch Bridget. White Calville. Sir W. Blackett’s Favourite. Winter Ballyfatten. Small’s Admirable. Admirable. Lamb’s Favourite. Silver Pippin. Small’s Imperial. Smart’s Prince Arthur. Lady’s Finger. Smart’s Prince Aiberk Stirling Castle. King Noble. Stoup Leadimgton. Leadington Stoup. Sturmer Pippin. Apple Royal. Creech Pearmain. Moxhay. Summer Strawberry. Brown’s Codlin. Summer Thorle. Lady Derby. Thorle. Thorle Pippin. Summer Whorle. Watson’s Nonesuch. Whorle Pippin. Swedish Reinette. Swedish Pearmain. Sweeney Nonparewl. Nonpareil Sweeney. Surrey Nonpareil. Sweet Sheep’s Nose. Bell Apple. 876 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Syke House Russet. Culver Russet. Tibbet’s Pearmain. Tibbet’s Incomparable. Smith’s Seedling. Alphington. Tom Putt. Devonshire Nine Square. January Tom Putt. Tower of Glamis. Dunster Codlin. Seale’s Winter Pippin. Transparent. Greening or Transparent. Trumpington. Eve Apple. The Old Trumpeter. Wadhurst Pippin. Forman’s Crew. Lincoln Holland Pippin. Ney-Mi. Waltham Abbey Seedling. Golden Noble. Dr. Harvey. Bardfield Defiance. Emberson’s Apple. Wareham Russet. Greenwood Russet. Tudball Russet. Warner’s King. Barker’s Seedling. Cobbet’s Fall. Cobbet’s Fall Pippin. David T. Fish. Drumlanrig Castle. King’s. Minier’s Dumpling. Nelson’s Glory. Poor Man’s Friend. Silverton Pippin. Veitch’s Cluster. Wheeler’s Russet. Acklam Russet. White Juneating. Juneating. White Melrose. Melrose. White Nonpareil. Nonpareil, White. Whittle’s Dumpling. Round Apple. Winter Fullwood, Cadbury. Winter Hawthornden. Hawthornden, Winter. Winter Mayetin. Majetin. Yorkshire Beefing. Winter Peach. Peach Bloom. Winter Pearmain. Grange’s Pearmain. Reinette trés tardive. Somerset Apple Royal. Wyken Pippin. Alford Prize. German Nonpareil. Pheasant’s Eye. White Moloscha. Warwickshire Pippin. Yellow Bough. | Large Yellow Bough. Yellow Ingestrie. Karly Pippin. Ingestrie. Summer Golden Pippin. Yorkshire Beauty. American Pippin. Cumberland Favourite. Counsellor. Dunmore Pearmain. Dalzell Manse Codlin. Greenup’s Pippin. Oxford Peach. Palmer’s Glory. Red Hawthornden. Sunflower. Red Norman Bitter-sweet. Walsgrove Wonder. Yorkshire Greemng. Yorkshire Goose Sauce. = ies erent _ anon ee ee pero 9 nro me a rf | OF