JOXJR^^L

UIITED STATES

AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY,

I^OI^ 1856

EDITED BY^WILLIA.M S. KING,

SECRETARY OF THE SOCIETT.
— » • « .

BOSTON:

BAZIN & CHANDLER, PEINTERS, 37 CORNHILL.

1857.

"^S-l

JOURNAL

UNITED STATES

AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY,

aF-on. xe56.

EDITED BY WILLIAM S. KINO,

SECRETARY OF THE SOCIETY.

VOL. III.

BOSTON:

PRINTED BV BAZIN & CHANDLER, 37 CORNHILL.
1856.

OFFICERS

01' THE

UNITED STATES AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY,

ELECTED FOR THE YEAR 1856.

PRESIDENT,
MARSHALL P. WILDEll, Boston, Mass.

VICE-PRESIDENTS,

J. D. Lang, Vassalboro\ Maine.

H. F. French, Exeter, New Hampshire.

Feed. IIolbrook, Brattleboro' , Vermont.

Simon Brown, Boston, Mass.

Jos. J. Cooke, Providence, Pthode Island.

John A. Rockwell, Noiwkh, Conn.

Dr. J. P. Beekman, Kinderhook, N. York.

George Vail, Morristown, New Jersey.

Isaac Newton, Philadelphia, Penn.

J. W. Thompson, Wilmington, Delaware.

Anthont KiMMEL, Lingamore, Fred'kCo.,

Maryland.
G. W. P. CusTis, Alexandria, Virginia.
H. K. BuEGWYN, Halifax, North Carolina.
R. P. W. Alston, near Georgetown, S. C.
Richard Peters, Atalanta, Georgia.
C. C.Clay, jr., Huntsville, Alabama.
M. W. Phillips, Edwards Depot, Miss.
John Perkins, jr., Ashwood, Texas Ph.,

Louisiana,
J. T. Wobthington, Chillicothe, Ohio.
W. L. Underwood, Bowling Green, Ky.

John Bell, Nashville, Tennessee.

Joseph A. Wright, Indianapolis, Indiana.

J A. KiNNicoTT, W. Northf.eld, Illinois.

Thomas Allen, St. Louis, Missouri.

BoswELL Beebe, Little. Rock, Arkansas.

J. C. Holmes, Detroit, Michigan.

D. C. YoLEE, Florida.

T. J. Rusk, Nacogdoekes, Texas.

J. W. Grimes, Burlington, Iowa.

Charles Durkee, Madison, Wisconsin.

P. Ord, Los Angelas, California.

W. W. Corcoran, Washington, D. C.

Jose Manuel Gallegos, Albuquerque, N.

Mexico.
11. H. Sibley, Minnesota.
P. W. GiLLETT, Astoria, Oregon Territory.
Columbia Lancaster, St. Helena, Oregon

T., (for Washington T.)
Edward Hunter, Great Salt Lake City,

Utah.
Bird B. Chapman, Omaha Ciiy, Nebraska.

EXECITTIVE COMMITTEE,

John A. King, Jamaica, L. L, New York.
A. L. Elwyn, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
D. J. Browne, Washington, D. C.
John Jones, Middletown, Delaware.

N. W. Dean, Madison, Wisconsin.
Wm. H. H. Taylor, North Bend, Ohio.
Richard P. Waters, Salem, Mass.

SECRETARY,
WILLIAM S. KING,

Boston, Mass.

TREASURER
B. B, FRENCH, Washington. D. C.

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FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING

OF THE

UNITED STATES AGRICULTUEAL SOCIETY.

The Society met in the Lecture Room of the Smithsonian
Institution, at Washington, on Wednesday Morning, January
9th, at 10 o'clock.

Although a snow storm of almost unprecedented extent and
severity had interrupted communication between the various
sections of the country, and blocked up in distant places
entire delegations, on their route to the Capital, the opening
of the Fourth Annual Meeting of the Society was attended by
Delegates from twenty-one States and Territories, and others
subsequently arrived (many of them after the close of the
session,) whose names or credentials were not presented to
the Secretary.

DELEGATES.

Maine. — Hannibal Hamlin, William P. Fessenden, John
M. Wood, John J. Perry, Ebenezer Knowlton, Samuel P. Ben-
son, Israel Washburn, jr., T. J. D. FuUer.

New Hampshire. — Richard Hubbard.

Ver7nont. — Justin S. Morrill.

Massachusetts. — Henry Wilson, Linus B. Comins, Robert
B. Hall, William S. Damrell, Anson Burliugame, Timothy
Davis, C. C. Chaffee, Ivers Phillips, J. D. Weston, Marshall
P. Wilder, Benjamin P. Poore, William S. King.

Rhode Island. — Charles T. James, N. B. Durfee, Benja-
min B. Thurston.

Connecticut. — Samuel H. Huntington, James T. Pratt, N.
B. Smith, Sidney Dean, John T. Andrew, Jasper Martin, J. A.
Rockwell, A. H. Byington, Isaac. Toucey.

New York. — J. P. Beekman, Horace Greeley, Harvey Bald-
win, Moses D. Burnet.

Pennsylvania. — Job R. Tyson.
Delaware. — John Jones.

Maryland. — Charles B. Calvert, Anthony Kimmell, Outer-
bridge Horsey, Carroll Walsh, J. 0. Wharton, N. B. Worth-
ington, Henry F. Condict.

South Carolina. — R. G. Barnwell.

Georgia. — Dr. Daniel Lee.

Louisiana. — J. D. B. DeBow.

Ohio. — James T. Worthington, W. H. Harrison Taylor.

Kentucky. — W. L. Underwood, James Guthrie.

Indiana. — Lucien Barbour, Harvey D. Scott, George G.
Dunn, J. N. Pettit, S. Colfax, Daniel Mace, Samuel Brewster,
W. H. English, Smith Miller, William Cumbach, D. P. Hol-
loway. ^

Illinois. — C. H. McCormick.

Texas. — Thomas J. Rusk.

Wisconsin. — B. S. Henning, Charles Durkee, DeLorma
Brooks.

District Columbia. — B. B. French, Joseph Henry, Spencer
F. Baird, Thomas Blagden, Matthew F. Maury, Lorin Blodget,
D. J. Browne, Townsend Glover, C. G. Page, Joshua Pierce.

Nebraska. — Bird B. Chapman.
Iowa. — George W. Jones.

The President, (Hon. Marshall P. Wilder,) having called
the Society to order, then delivered the following

ADDRESS.

Gentlemen of the Society, and Friends of Agricnlture :

Official duty requires me to submit to you, on this Fourth
Anniversary of our Association, a statement of its operations
and progress for the past year, and to offer such recommenda-
tions as these may suggest in respect to its future mission.
The year which has just completed its course has been one of
unusual prosperity to the American Farmer, in which a kind
Providence has rewarded his toil with abundant harvests, with
ready markets and remunerating prices. Among the secondary
causes which have contributed to this result, we recognize the
scarcity produced by the drought of the preceding year, and
the demand for American produce created by the war in which
many of the countries of Europe are still involved. As phi-
lanthropists and Christians we deplore this conflict, yet we
cannot lose sight of the fact that it imparts to the agriculture
of our country peculiar importance, and, should it continue,
will afford an increased demand for the products of our soil.
Still our main reliance must ever be upon the progress of
society within our own borders, upon the prosperity of our
industrial pursuits, and the consequent home consumption of
our agricultural products. The commerce of one section of
our republic with another, hardly second in importance to our
foreign trade, is worthy of the attention and study of our
political economists and the wisest of our statesmen ; and this
commerce is created and sustained by the art which it is the
object of our Association especially to promote.

Gentlemen, I congratulate you on the progress of our insti-
tution during the past year. If it has not accomplished all
which we anticipated, it has furnished pleasing evidence of its
growing prosperity and usefulness, and strengthened our hopes
in regard to its future development.

APPLICATIONS FOR THE EXHIBITION OP 1855.

At our last annual meeting, several applications were pre-
sented from different States requesting us to hold our Exhibi-
tion for 1855, within their limits. These were from the States

10

of Pennsylvania, Illinois, and Kentucky. Their applications
were referred to the Executive Committee, who passed the
following resolutions : —

RESOLUTIONS OP THE COMMITTEE.

Resolved, That no Exhibition be held by this Society within the limits of
any State, where a State board of Agriculture, or a State Agricultural Society,
holding Exhibitions, is in existence, without first obtaining the assent and
approval of such Board, or the Executive Committee of such Society.

Resolved, That the applications which have already been made, or which
may be made the present year, for the holding of National Exhibitions in the
various States, be referred to the President, to make such arrangements, as to
time and place, and other matters, as he may deem best for the interest of the
Society.

ACTION OF THE EXECUTIVE.

In pursuance of these resolutions your President corres^
ponded with the several Societies, inviting us to hold Exhi-
bitions in their respective districts. In relation to the States
of Kentucky and Illinois, the arrangement could not be con-
summated in a manner mutually beneficial to the parties. The
proposal of the Philadelphia Society for the Promotion of
Agriculture, which made the liberal offer to place at our dis-
posal the sum of five thousand dollars, and to divide equally
with us the profits of the exhibition, would have been accepted
but for the action of the Pennsylvania State Agricultural So-
ciety, which withheld its consent, and therefore prevented the
Exhibition being held at that place. At this juncture, a very
generous proposition was made by the citizens of Boston and
vicinity, forty of whom subscribed five hundred dollars each,
making a sum of twenty thousand dollars as a guarantee fund
to meet the expenses, if necessary, of such an exhibition in
that city, and to put into the treasury of the Society any profits
which might accrue therefrom.

EXHIBITION IN BOSTON.

The proposition was accepted, and the Exhibition was held
on the 23d, 24th, 25th, 2Gth, 2Tth, and 28th days of October.
It embraced the four great departments of Farming Stock —

11

Cattle, Horses, Sheep and Swine, and was open to competition
to all the States of the Union, and to the British Provinces.
A full report of this exhibition appears in the Transactions
of the Society for 1855. Suffice it here to say, that it was
the object of your Executive to project and execute a plan
which should be worthy of our Association, and in harmony
with t'le generosity of the city of Boston, and the gentlemen
whose patriotism and liberality had created a large fund for
this purpose. The time selected for this, was the corresponding
week of the year in which its two previous exhibitions had
been held, when all the State and county shows had taken
place, thus preventing interference with the exhibitions of other
kindred institutions, and affording an opportunity to the owners
of premium animals in different States, to present them for
competition at the National Show. The grounds, consisting of
about thirty acres in the south part of the city, had been
recently reclaimed from the sea, and were placed at the dis-
posal of the Society for this Exhibition. Although the City
Government had generously expended about fifteen thousand
dollars in the grading and preparation of these premises, yet a
still larger outlay was found necessary, on the part of this
Association, to complete those preparations, to pay the pre-
miums awarded, and to meet the other numerous and unex-
pectedly large expenses of the exhibition. The sum awarded
in premiums alone was nearly twelve thousand dollars, a larger
amount than has ever before been distributed by any other
Agricultural Society in our country. The other incidental
expenses were very large ; yet all these, as will appear from
the Treasurer's Report, were more than covered by the receipts,
leaving a balance to be added to • the funds of the Society.
This balance would probably have exceeded ten thousand dol-
lars, but for the severity of a storm which entirely suspended
the exercises of the occasion, during the 24th inst.

The lively interest of the community in this Exhibition was
manifested by the donations of individuals, and by an appro-
priation of one thousand dollars from the Massachusetts So-
ciety for the Promotion of Agriculture. The attendance was
large, and presented a galaxy of talent seldom congregated on

12

such an occasion. On one day, when the weather was especially
propitious, there were more than fifty thousand people within
the enclosure, presenting one of the most imposing spectacles
ever witnessed. Numerous artists have endeavored to preserve
and transmit to posterity some of the scenes of that auspicious
day. One of these, on a scale necessarily minute, by Mr.
Hinsdale, of Hartford, Conn., will be found in the Transac-
tions. Another, representing the opening of the exhibition
executed in oil colors, on a large scale and at great expense,
by Wm. Sharp, Esq., of Boston, it is expected, will be en-
graved, so that copies may be obtained by gentlemen who may
desire them.

The arrangements for the exhibition were on a most liberal
scale, and so perfectly systematized as to be easily controlled,
and to contribute to the comfort and happiness of the multi-
tude in attendance. The grounds enclosed with a high fence,
were in the form of a parallelogram, with pens and stables for
animals at each end and on the back side. On the front, ex-
tending more than one thousand feet, were ranges of seats,
rising one above another, to the height of fourteen feet, com-
manding a distinct view of every portion of the ground, and
accommodating thousands of delighted spectators. In front of
these was the track for the trial of horses, half a mile in cir-
cuit, enclosing various tents, and an observatory seventy feet
in height, for the accommodation of the judges and officers of
the Society.

The number of entries in all the departments was nine
hundred and thirty-one, embracing between one thousand and
fifteen hundred animals. A larger number may have been shown
at some other exhibitions ; but our object was to secure those of
rare excellence, and, in this respect, competent judges unite in
pronouncing the last exhibition of this Society superior to any
which they had attended either in America or in Europe.

FUTUEE EXHIBITIONS.

The experience of the last year confirms the opinion before
expressed in favor of holding annual exhibitions in different
sections of the country, as a means of establishing the reputa-

13

tion of the Society, and of promoting personal acquaintance
and practical knowledge, among the most intelligent farmers
of our land.

Their utility is becoming more and more manifest every
year, combining the most important instruction with the most
healthful recreation of the people, and verifying the remark of
Daniel Webster, at the first exhibition of the Norfolk Society,
in Massacnusetts : " The great practical truth and character-
istic of the present generation is, that public improvements are
brought about by voluntary association and combination. The
principle of association — the practice of bringing men to-
gether for the same general object, pursuing the same general
end, and uniting their intellectual and physical efforts to that
purpose, is a great improvement in our age. And the reason
is obvious. Here men meet together that they may converse
with one another — that they may compare with each other
their experience, and thus keep up a constant communication.
In this practical point of view, these Fairs are of great im-
portance. Conversation, intercourse with other minds, is the
general source of most of our knowledge. Books do some-
thing. But it is conversation — it is the meeting of men face
to face, and talking over what they have in common interest —
it is this intercourse that makes men sharp, intelligent, ready
to communicate to others, and ready to receive instruction
from them."

I therefore recommend to your particular attention any ap-
plication which may be made in reference to future exhibitions
of this Society. As the fact is now well established that the
exhibitions of the National Society in every State advance
rather than retard the progress of the local associations within
its bounds, such applications may be expected to multiply, and
it is worthy of your inquiry whether any additional action of
our body is necessary on this subject.

» FUNDS AND MEMBEESHIP.

The Treasurer's Report on the state of our finances will
be exhibited in the course of business, and will show an
increase of funds. The alteration of the Constitution at our

14

last meeting, reducing the fee for Life Membership from twenty-
five dollars to ten dollars, has operated propitiously ; and it
will, in future, it is believed, continue to be a means of con-
siderable income to the Society. At the late exhibition many
persons became annual members for the mere purpose of pos-
sessing a free ticket to the grounds, whose address and place of
residence it was impossible to obtain. This number will prob-
ably be enlarged as the exhibitions of the Society become
more attractive, and with it will also increase the difficulty of
transmitting to them the Diplomas and Transactions, and,
therefore, I recommend that the Diploma of the Society be dis-
pensed, hereafter, only to Life and Honorary Members.

TEANSACTIONS AND SECRETAEY'S REPORT, FOR 1855.

The Secretary's Eeport, with copies of the Transactions
for 1855, will be submitted at this meeting. These Transac-
tions must necessarily be principally limited to the annual ope-
rations of the Society, until its funds shall be sufficient to em-
ploy a paid and permanent Secretary. For the same reason,
the plan contemplated in the Constitution, section 11, for
securing a local Board of Agriculture in each State and Ter-
ritory, cannot be executed without the constant attention and
supervision of this officer as the agent of the Executive Com-
mittee.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

The Executive Committee who, for the last two years, have
had in charge certain papers on the Potato Disease, and on the
Curculio, beg leave to state that no additional progress has
been made on the subjects assigned, and they ask to be dis-
charged from the further consideration thereof. But they
rejoice in the hope that the abatement of the potato disease
is the precursor of its disappearance.

COMMISSIONERS.

The Commissioners appointed to attend the Universal Exhi-
bition at Paris, with one exception, were prevented from being

15

present. The Hon. Henry Wager, who there represented this
Society, will, it is expected, submit a report of his observar
tions.

LECTURES AND DISCUSSIONS.

I have the pleasure to inform you, that invitations have been
extended to several gentlemen of distinction to deliver lectures
before this Association during our session. I would also
recommend that as much time as possible be allotted to the
free discussion of agricultural subjects, with a view to elicit the
the results of experience in different parts of the Union.

It will be remembered that such a course, at our last annual
meeting, led to an interesting debate on the relation of political
economy to American Agriculture.

DECEASED MEMBERS.

One of the gentlemen who took a prominent part in that
discussion, and whose powerful argument is published in the
transactions of this Scociety, has finished his labors on earth,
and entered into his rest. Chauncey P. Holcomb, Esq., one
of the founders, and a Vice President of this Asssociation,
died at his residence, soon after our last meeting. He was
one of the most distinguished farmers of Delaware, and of this
Republic ; of clear and discriminating mind, thoroughly con-
versant with the science and practice of agriculture, and one of
its ablest defenders and warmest friends. His private virtues,
and public services, will perpetuate his name and his memory
in the hearts of his countrymen. Of those members, who have
deceased during the year, we cannot speak particularly, with
the exception of Thomas Hancock, Esq., of New Jersey, who
was present at our last meeting, and took par^, in its exercises,
and who, like Mr. Holcomb, entered the spirit-world soon after
his return from tliis city. With both of these gentlemen it has
been my privilege to be long associated, for the promotion of
the rural arts ; and I am happy to bear testimony to their in-
tegrity of character, and to their zeal and fidelity in the cause
of terraculture. Here, beneath this roof, where they mingled
their thoughts, and joined their efforts with ours, it is pleasant
to speak of their merit, and to record their worthy deeds.

16

ELEMENTS OF SUCCESS.

But, gentlemen, while individuals die, associations and in-
stitutions survive. It is not, ordinarily, the privilege of those
who initiate any great enterprise, to witness its consummation.
One generation prepares work for the next. We are carrying
out the designs of our fathers, and realizing the results for
which they labored. Our national institution is but the partial
development of ideas cherished by the immortal Washington.
In his letter of July 20, 1794, to Sir John Sinclair, he says,
" It will be some time, I fear, before an Agricultural Society,
with Congressional aids, will be established in this 3ountry.
We must walk, as other countries have done, before we can run.
Smaller societies must prepare the way for greater ; but, with
the lights before us, I hope we shall not be so slow of matura-
tion as other nations have been."

What the Farmer of Mount Vernon, more than half a century
ago, desired, we have undertaken ; but others must carry on
and perfect the work. Local associations have been formed in
towns and counties, in states and territories of the Union ; and
these, as he anticipated, have opened the way for our national
organization.

RESULTS.

The United States Agricultural Society, is now an established
institution. It is in successful operation, receiving the confi-
dence, patronage, and favor of the public ; and, in return, it is
co-operating with local associations, and dispensing its bounties
for the encouragement of individual enterprise and merit.
The encouragement thus afforded to American Agriculture,
and the improvement therein, have helped to settle and put
under profitable cultivation, the immense prairies of the West,
and the alluvial soils on the banks of our vast rivers — to
reclaim thousands of acres of waste land in populous districts,
and to restore the exhausted soils of the* older States. They
have thus increased, many fold, the value of our land, the
amount of our agricultural products, and have preserved us
from the bankruptcy and ruin, too often consequent upon an

17

excess of trade, or an influx of the precious metals. They
have created and sustained trade, spread the sails of a pros-
perous commerce, and saved us from commercial embarrass-
ments which would otherwise have been as prolonged as those
of former years. They have also maintained an equilibrium
among all the branches of American industry. They have
developed, in a remarkable degree, the conservative and pro-
gressive elements of the American System, and have taught us
that we can safely depend upon our own resources, and become,
in the noblest sense, free and independent. Already our
American Farm extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and it
is only a question of time when it shall be bounded on the
North by the Arctic, and shall terminate on the South at Cape
Horn.

RESIGNATION.

Gentlemen, I have cordially co-operated with you in the in-
ception, organization and progress of the Society to the present
time, and, in future, I shall be ever ready and willing to con-
tribute to its advancement, according to my ability. But, I
have not the presumption to believe that I possess such qualifi-
cations for its presiding officer as to entitle me any longer to
the honors of that office. So far as its responsibilities are con-
cerned, I claim to have borne my full share of them, and it is
my desire to resign the presidency, and to aid in installing
some one of the many gentlemen whom I see around me, better
qualified to sustain these responsibilities and moreworthy of this
high trust. To you, faithful associates, who have borne,
with me, the heat and burden of the day, I tender my heart-
felt acknowledgments, for your cordial support and confidence ;
and I beg to assure you all of my continued interest in our
Association, and of my affectionate and high regard for its
every individual member.

CONCLUSION.

Gentlemen, while we review with unfeigned pleasure, the
extension of our agricultural domain — the advances of im-
provement in the arts of husbandry — the increase of the,

18

products of our soil — the interest manifested, everywhere, in
the objects which we seek to promote — the contributions
which wealth and science are continually making for the ad-
vancement of this cause, and the numberless other proofs of
progress which encourage and cheer us in our noble work, yet
let us remember that the prosperity of our association must
ever depend upon the untiring energy and perseverance of its
members. We rejoice that it is so, for activity is the life,
health and triumph of enterprise. To no people on the face of
the earth is this more applicable than to the Farmers of the
United States of America, where every man is the arbiter of
his own fortune.

What a cheering prospect is before the American yeomanry !
What a destiny awaits them ! One in ail the rights and privi-
leges of a common citizenship — the conservators of a common
country, — the almoners of Heaven's bounty to the re-dupli-
cating millions of our population — bound together by a chord
of living sympathy, they are, and ever must be, the guardians
of public weal ; and the power that would paralyze their arcn,
destroys the last refuge of our nation's hope :

" Princes and lords may flourish or may fade ;
A breath can make them as a breath has made —
But a bold yeomanry, our country's pride,
When once destroyed, can never be supplied."

Success, therefore, my brothers, to the Amekican Farmer !

B. B. French, of Washington, the Treasurer of the Society,
then submitted the following Report : —

TREASURER'S REPORT.

2^0 the United States Agrindtvral Society :

The undersigned. Treasurer of the Society, respectfully re-
ports,— That immediately after his election in February last, he
had an interview with Col. Wm. Selden, the former Treasurer,
who handed over to him the books and papers of his office,
and informed him that the only money in the hands of the
Treasurer was on deposit in the Banking House of Selden,

19

Withers and Company, then in the hands of Trustees, and
consequently the funds unavailable.

The sum thus on deposit is $2,149.13. To secure to this
Society the ultimate payment of the sum thus on deposit, Col.
Selden has placed in my hands, under the direction of the
Society, three one thousand dollar bonds of the " Allisonia
Manufacturing Company " in Tennessee, as collateral security,
for which I gave him a receipt approved by the Executive
Committee of the Society.

The Trustees of Selden, Withers & Company have, as yet,
made no dividend, although it is understood that they now
have a considerable sum of money on hand subject to dividend,
which, but for a claim set up by the United States to be pre-
ferred over all other creditors, would be divided.

The only money that has come into my hands, except that
received in Boston, amounts to $37.90.

At the special request of the President of the Society, I
attended the Exhibition at Boston, in October last. During the
five days of exhibition, I received, as Treasurer, |31,808.58.
The exhibition closed on Saturday, and I remained in Boston
until the next Thursday, during which time I paid out, in
premiums, $10,295.98, and on account of expenses, $8,772.76;
amounting to $19,069.74.

Absolute necessity requiring my presence here, I handed
over to the President all the money remaining in my hands,
and he kindly undertook the task of paying the remainder of
the premiums and bills, and paid out $16,280.68, for which he
has returned to me vouchers.

In addition to the money paid over to the President by me,
he received on account of sales, &c., $5,363.96, which, added
to the sum received by me, makes an aggregate of $37,173.64.
And, after deducting all the money paid out, leaves a balrnce
of $1,822.12, which the President has paid over to me.

The entire available means now in my hands is, $1,868.02.

I submit, herewith, iny account current, and all the vouchers.

I am informed by the President, that there is still against the
Society some bills for printing, and perhaps a few others, and
there are premiums to the amount of about $200 still unpaid,

20

which, by the terms of the printed conditions, are forfeited,
and will not probably ever be demanded.

The principal portion of the money in the Treasurer's hands,
is now on deposit in the New England Bank, Boston.
All which is respectfully submitted.

B. B. FRENCH,
Treasurer of the U. S. Agricultural Society.

Messrs. Poore, of Massachusetts, D. Jay Browne, of "Wash-
ington, D. C, and McCormick, of Illinois, were appointed an
Auditing Committee ; and subsequently reported that they find
the accounts to be " just, accurate and correct, so far as the
Committee can ascertain in the short time afforded them " for
examination.

NOMINATING COMMITTEE.

On motion of Col. Kimmel, of Maryland, a Committee of
one from each State and Territory represented, was appointed
by the President to nominate officers of the Society for the
ensuing year.

This committee, on the following day, reported the list of
officers named on page three of this volume of the Society's
Journal.

invitation to hold exhibition at PHILADELPHIA.

The President presented to the Society a communication
from the Mayor of Philadelphia, enclosing the following res-
olutions of the Select and Common Councils, of that city,
inviting the Society to hold its next Annual Exhibition in
the city of Philadelphia : —

Mayor's Office, Philadelphia, Jan. 6, 1856.

Hon. Marshall P. Wildee —

President of the U. S. Agricultural Society: My Dear Sir,-^
It affords me great pleasure to communicate the resolutions of
the Select and Common Councils of this city, inviting the So-
ciety of which you are the President, to hold the next annual
meeting in this city. Believing, from its central location, the

21

facilities of iuter-commuHication witli all sections of the Union,
and the deep interest felt by the citizens of our State in the
promotion of Agriculture (Pennsylvania being the largest
wheat-producing State in the Union) that our metropolis
offers peculiar advantages for your Annual Exhibition, it is the
earnest and universal wish of our citizens that our invitation
may be received with favor. All that can be desired, in rela-
tion to the proper arena for the Exhibition — arrangements to
secure its success, and the most enthusiastic and general popu-
lar support, may with confidence be anticipated. Permit me
to add, that the authorities of Philadelphia will place their
public power under the direction of the Society, and will
rejoice to do all that may be suggested as desirable to secure
the amplest success to the Exhibition.
With great regard,

Your obedient servant,

R. T. Conrad, Mayor.

Common Council Chamber, )

Philadelphia, Jan. 3d, 1856. j

iSiV, — At a meeting of the Select and Common Councils,
held this day, the following resolutions were adopted, to wit :

Resolved, That it will be the source of much gratification to the county o
Philadelphia, if the National Agricultural Society shall hold the next Annual
Meeting in this city.

Resolved, That the Mayor be requested to communicate to the National
Agricultural Society, the resolutions adopted by the Councils in regard to
the holding of its next Annual Meeting in this city.

From the minutes : Attest,

C. H. Star,
Assistant Clerk to Common Council.
To Robert Conrad, Mayor.

Mr. A. H. Byington, of Connecticut, suggested that this
invitation, and all others that may be received, be referred to
the Executive Committee, with instructions to accept such
proposition as shall guarantee to the Society the largest
amount of money. The State Society of New York, he re-
marked, and other agricultural societies, frequently, if not

99

always, determined in this way the location of their annual
shows.

The President observed that, in case of the adoption of Mr.
Byington's suggestion, he was authorized and ready to present
an advantageous proposal for the holding of the Society's
Exhibition again at Boston. The grounds and structures used
in October last were still in good condition, and would be let
to the Society at a low rent ; whereby a vast sum would be
saved to the Society ; and $20,000, or more if needed, would
be subscribed by citizens of Massachusetts in a day.

,After an animated discussion, in which it was conceded that
this holding up to auction, as it were, the annual Exhibitions,
might materially detract from their general usefulness, by con-
fining them to particular localities, the invitation to hold the
Fourth Annual Exhibition at Philadelphia was accepted, and the
Executive Committee were authorized to conclude all the nec-
essary arrangements for that purpose.

RESOLUTIONS OF ILLINOIS LEGISLATURE.

The following Communication from "W. F. M. Arny, of
Illinois, was then presented and read ; —

To the National Agricultural Society :

The undersigned, member of a Committee appointed by
an Educational Convention held at Springfield, llUinois, in
January, 1855, would most respectfully beg leave to call your
attention to the following Resolutions : —

RESOLUTIONS

Of the General Assembly of the Stn/c of Illinois, relutive to the EstahlisJi-
menl of Industrial Uniceysilies, and for the Encouragement of Practical
and General Educa'iun ainong the People — unanimously adopted.

Whereas, The spirit and progress of this age and country demand the
culture of the highest order of intellectual a'tainmcnt in theoretic and indus-
trial science : Jlnd Whereas, it is impossible that our commerce and pros-
perity will continue to increase uithout calling into requisition all the elements
of internal thrift arising from the labors of the farmer, the mechanic, and the
manufacturer, by every fosteiing effort within the reach of the government :
And Whereas, a system of Industrial Universities, liberally endowed in each

23

State of the Union, co-opcrattive with each other, and the Smithsonian Insti-
tution at Washington, Avould develop a more hberal and practical education
among the peoi>le, t(?nd the more to intellectualize the rising generation, and
eminently conduce to the virtue, inteUigence, and true glory of our country;
Therefore, be it

Resolved hj the House of Representaliccs, (^the Senate concurring licrein,)
That our Senators in Congress be instructed, and our Representatives be
requested, to use their best exertions to procure the passage of a law of Con-
gress donating to each State in the Union an amount of public lands not less
in value than Jive hundred iJiouxand dollars for the liberal endowment of a
system of Industrial Universities, one in each State in the Union, to co-operate
with each other, and Avith the Smithsonian Institution at Washington, for the
more liberal and practical education of our induslrial classes and their
teachers; a liberal and varied education adapted to the manifold wants of a
practical and enterprising people, and a provision for such educational facilities'
being in manifest concurrence with the intimations of the popular v.ill, it
urgently demands the united efforts of our national strength.

Resolved, That the Governor is hereby authorized to forward a copy of the
foregoing resolutions to our Senators and Representatives in Congress, and to
the Executive and Legislature of each of our sister States, inviting them to
co-operate with us in this meritorious enterprise.

John Reynolds, .
Speaker of the House of Represenlatives.
G. KOERNEIt,

Speaker of the Senate.
Approved, February 8, 1853. J. A. Mattkeson.

A true copy : Attest,

Alexakder Starke, Sec^y of State.
And also to the following : —

PETITION TO CONGRESS.

The would respectfully petition your honorable body for a grant of

•Congress Lands to each State in the Union, to endow therein an Industrial
University, for the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes in
the several pursuits and professions in life. Said grant to be no less in value
than five hundred thousand dollars to each State, and to be held in trust for
the above uses, accompanied by such conditions and restrictions in the terms of
the grant, as shall, in the wisdom of Congress, be needful, in order to secure
this trust forever to the uses aforesaid, and to prevent, as far as ])raCtic,ible, in
all coming tine the possibilities of such trusts being diverted from their proper
object, or made subservient to any local, partizan or sectarian end, inconsistent
with the appropriate use of such trust.

And we would solicit your aid by tlie adoption of resolu-
tions by your body to be submitted to Congress, soliciting tbeir
action with reference to this important subject.

24

In behalf of the industrial classes of our State, and also of
education, Respectfully yours,

W. F. M. Arny.

Bloonuugton, III., Jan. 1st., 1856.

Considerable debate ensued upon the proper disposition of
this paper, and the stand which the Society ought to take with
regard to the proposition which it contained. It was finally
referred to a Select Committee appointed by the Chair, viz. :
Prof. Henry, of District Columbia, Mr. DeBow, of La., and
Mr. Byington, of Conn.

D. J. Browne, of the Agricultural Department of the Patent
Office, read the following paper : —

IMPROVEMENT OF THE HORSE IN THE UNITED STATES.

The " Atlas Statistique de la production des Chevavx,''^ gives
some interesting details respecting the method of the adminis-
tration for obtaining the most correct information with regard
to the number and quality of the various races of horses to
be found in France. The Society, or Administration for breed-
ing this animal, has divided the country into twenty-seven dis-
tricts or circumscriptions, which comprise two breeding estab-
lishments, twenty-four depots for stallions, and one for army-
horses. In order to arrive at an exact estimate of the equine
population, persons especially chosen for the purpose were
employed in 1850, to visit every stable, village and canton in
each arrondissment and department.

The result of this census of horses demonstrates, with suffi-
cient clearness, the progress and utility of these establishments.
The advantages they afford, in improving the breeds generally,
as well as in giving increased value to the animals in a com-
mercial point of view, are already appreciated by the French,
and naturally lead to the suggestion of adopting a similar sys-
tem in the United States for the improvement of the horses of
our army, as well as for other purposes. If a depot for stal-
lions of improved breeds were established by Government in
each State sCnd Territory of the Union for public use, free of
charge, incalculable benefit would doubtless accrue to the

25

country, and in less than ten years, the improvement and
increased value of the horses would be immense.

The question arises, How shall this change be brought
about — where are the horses to be obtained — at whose
expense — and by whom shall it be accomplished ? It has been
suggested that it would very properly come under the direc-
tion of the War Department, with the view of providing for
the future wants of the army, and that an adequate appropria-
tion should be made by Congress for that purpose. With equal
propriety it has been asserted that it could be done by the
States themselves, by their Agricultural Societies, Boards of
Agriculture, etc. The breeding-horse of one or both sexes
doubtless could be imported in sufficient numbers and varieties
from various parts of Europe, Northern Africa, and South
America. In the selection of breeds, as to their adaptation to
the economy, uses and climate of the different sections of our
country, it would require much investigation, practical knowl-
edge, science and discrimination. Whether such an enter-
prise can ever be brought about, remains only for the public to
decide.

The work referred to in the commencement was laid upon
the Secretary's table for inspection.

On motion, the paper just read was ordered to be printed in
the Society's transactions.

Capt. Stewart Van Yliet, U. S. A., then read the following
paper upon

MOUNTAIN SHEEP.

The practicability of domesticating wild animals, in order
to render them useful to man, is a question of great impor-
tance, and one that more appropriately belongs to your Society
than to any other.

The buffalo, the elk, the deer and the antelope have occa-
sionally been captured, and domesticated to some extent, but
all attempts to turn them to account have failed, and it would
appear that all the wild animals of the forests and plains, that
can be useful, have already been domesticated and appropriated
to the wants of the human family. "

26

I havG frequently seen tlie buffalo feeding quietly amongst
the cattle on the lands of our western lands, and to all appear-
ances as tame and peaceably disposed as the animals with
which thoy were associating ; but their wild natures are often
suddenly aroused and no fences can confine them, and not
unfrequently the herdsman and his horse are thrown to the
ground by an unexpected " charge."

The deer and antelope have thus far been regarded only as
" pets," and it is doubtful if they can ever be looked upon in
any other light. The latter, indeed, seldom comes to maturity
when withdrawn from its native prairies. When young, it is
a beautiful animal — lively and active, and exceedingly tame ;
but as it becomes older it droops and dies, as if it could not
endure the hand of cultivation.

There is one animal, however, the mountain sheep, which
either from its name or its supposed habits and propensities,
its domestication, it is imagined, would be desirable, or in
other words, profitable. This animal is found singly and in
herds of from two to three hundred each, on the high and
broken grounds west of our broad "Western prairies, from the
confines of Mexico to the British Possessions. Possessing
great activity, there are no rocks too rugged and no hills too
precipitous and steep that it cannot scale. It feeds on the
grass amongst the hills and at their bases, but never ventures
at any great distance from them, and at the least alarm flies to
the most inaccessible parts of the country for safety. The
young and inexperienced hunter is often lost in astonishment,
when, having " cornered " his game in a place from which he
imagines it cannot escape, to see it disappear over the summit
of lofty rocks and hills, or down fearful precipices where it
would appear impofsible for any animal to go. Many wonder-
ful stories are told by " mountain men " of the way in which
the mountain sheep gets " down hill ; " but from my observa-
tions they are mostly exaggerations. They are said to throw
themselves from the tops of precipices, and lighting upon their
horns, jump up uninjured and dart away. The only performance
I ever witnessed of this kind, was while hunting one day on
the banks of the Laramie River. I shot a sheep as he was

27

standing on a lodge of rocks some 150 feet in height. The
moment the ball struck him he sprang into the air and came
down headforemost, striking on his horns in the manner they
are said to do when desirous of going across the country in an
" air line."

To capture a mountain sheep is a difficult operation. It can
only be done by watching the " flock " in the spring when the
females are being delivered of their young, and giving "chase"
the moment they are born. The Indians frequently catch
them in tliis manner ; and I have known of two or three being
brought to the traders and trappers, and in a short time
becoming as tame and as much "at home" as our most
domestic animals.

The ewes bring forth their young in the spring, and gen-
erally have two at a birth. The meat of the sheep is consid-
ered a great delicacy, and is far superior to all other small
game ; and it is still an " open question " amongst prairie men,
whether it be not better than the far-famed — and justly so
too — meat of the buffalo. It much resembles in flavor our
common sheep ; and an epicure, while eating it, might imagine
that he had before him a " saddle " of the very choicest Vir-
ginia mutton.

The mountain sheep is much larger and heavier than the
domestic sheep, being about three and a half feet in height,
and weighing from 275 to 300 pounds. His skin is used
extensively by the Indians and traders for making moccasins,
leggins, hunting shirts, etc., etc., and is much more valuable
than that of the antelope, the deer, the elk, or the black-tail
deer. The hair is short, very much resembling that of the
black-tail deer, and cannot be converted, as far as I am aware,
to any useful purpose. The horns of the males, (the females
have but very short ones,) are very large, and would no doubt
be found valuable.

Should your Society deem it desirable to make an attempt
to domesticate this animal, some of the young, I think, can
readily be obtained from the vicinity of Fort Laramie, on the
North Plattee, or from the neighborhood of Fort Pierre, on
the Upper Missouri ; a still better place might be the mouth of

28

the Yellow Stone, through the agency of Mr. Culbertson, of the
house of P. Chouteau, jr., & Co., St. Louis. As to the place
best adapted for making the experiment, it would seem that a
rough and broken country should be selected ; and no doubt
there are many places in the western part of Virginia and in
New England, and also in the mountains of Georgia, suffi-
ciently rugged for the purpose.

As a matter of mere curiosity, the attempt to domesticate
them might be made ; but it may be considered doubtful
whether they possess sufficient advantages over the ordinary
sheep to justify their introduction into the family of domestic
animals. Their astonishing faculty for climbing fences would
tell greatly against them for the farmer ; for as bad example
is contagious, the other occcupants of our fields might partake
of their wandering propensities.

As has already been stated, they are heavier than the domes-
tic sheep — their flesh is of a finer quality, and their skins are
more valuable ; but the difference in value between the hair
of the one and the wool of the other, might turn the scales in
the opposite direction. Stewart Van Vliet,

Capt, U. S. A.

Prof. Spencer F. Baird, of the Smithsonian Institution,
exhibited specimens of the horns, head, and hide of the Rocky
Mountain Sheep, and spoke in substance, as follows : —

DOMESTICATION OF THE BIG-HORN, OR ROCKY MOUNTAIN SHEEP.

(^Ovis Montana.')

The species in question, of which specimens are herewith
exhibited to the Society, is well known throughout Western
America as the Big-Horn, or Mountain Sheep. It is peculiar
to this continent, inhabiting tlie Rocky Mountains, and its
adjacent regions from about lat. 68 to 32, or even farther
south. But little was known of it, prior to the present cen
tury ; and even now, but few specimens are to be seen in col-
lections. Kimball's Museum in Boston, possesses one brought
by Lewis and Clarke, and given by Mr. Jefferson to Peale's
Museum in Philadelphia, passing into Mr. Kimball's hands at

the sale of this renowned cabinet. There is one in the collec-
tion of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, wliich
was killed and presented by Captain Van Vliet. Captain
Stansbury brought one (now in the Patent Office,) from the
Black Hills, and the Smithsonian Institution possesses a fine
one, killed by Dr. Evans.

In size, the Big-horn exceeds all other known wild sheep —
its congener, the Argalia of Siberia, not excepted. Old males
weigh from 850 to 400 lbs., and females 250 to 300. The
height of the male is about 3^ feet, its length, 6 feet.

The flesh of the Big-horn is excellent, equalling in flavor the
finest English mountain mutton. The hair is of no value for
manufacturing purposes, being coarse, weak and brittle, much
like that of the deer. It is capable of some use, in the pre-
paration of certain chemical substances. The skin, however, is
exceedingly valuable, much more so than that of the deer.

The Big-horn ruts in December, and in high latitudes brings
forth in June or July. The sexes keep apart in separate
flocks, for most of the year. Single flocks sometimes embrace
hundreds of individuals, although the niunber is usually from
five to thirty.

The advantages to be derived from domesticating the Big-
horn, would be the addition of a herd of sheep, weighing from
250 to 400 lbs., capable of subsisting any where in the moun-
tainous portions of the United States, where the common
sheep would starve, and able to resist the rigors of our most
severe winters. Although the fleece is of no value, the skin
would be highly prized, and the horns, from their immense
size and solid thiclmess, are capable of many applications in
the manufacuture of cutlery, etc.

There would be little difficulty in procuring young Big-
horns in sufficient number for experiment, through the Ameri-
can Pur Company ; and a trial has already shown that they
are easily tamed.

The argument against their availibility, as a domesticated
species, on account of the readiness with which they scale
almost any enclosure, is readily met by the fact, that the
original of the common sheep is equally expert.

30

Mr. D. Jay Browne spoko of the attempt to domesticate the
buffalo and cross the breed with that of the tame cattle, and
went into some details showing the doubtful success of the
attempt. He moved to refer the whole subject to the Execu-
tive Committee.

Mr. B. P. PooEE gave a description of an attempt his father
made to domesticate imported sheep of a fine breed among the
hills of Georgia. The result of the experiment was that most
of the sheep died, and the shepherds who had been brought
over to take care of them insisted that the reason of their
death was that the country was too wild for them. Mr. Poore
thought that if this country was too wild for the European
sheep, it must be the very place in which the experiment of
domesticating the mountain sheep would meet with the greatest
success.

The paper of Capt. Van Vliet was ordered to be published,
and Prof. Baird was requested to furnish a copy of his remarks
on the subject, also for publication.

The project of domestication of the Eocky Mountain sheep,
was referred to the Executive Committee.

IMPORTATION OP MEDITERRANEAN WHEAT.

Mr. D. Jay Browne, gave an account of a plan submitted
to the Commissioner of Patents by a gentleman from Ohio, to
import for distribution, large quantities of a superior kind of
Mediterranean wheat. This proposition could not be enter-
tained, as the appropriation of Congress for that purpose had
been exhausted. Mr. Browne therefore laid it before the
Society, with the hope that some plan might be originated,
whereby wheat might be imported by the Society, and distri-
buted all over the country in small quantities, with a request
that it should be tried, and a report of the results forwarded
to the Society.

Col. KiMMEL, of Maryland, thought that no subject was more
important at this time, than the improvement in the quality of
seed wheat, and the selection of that kind that would yield the
largest supply. He asked if Mr. Browne had no plan to sug-
gest ; whereupon —

31

Mr. Browne offered the following resolutions : —

Whereas, it has been represented that the wheat seed procured from the
shore of the Mediterranean and Black Seas, when cultivated in various sec-
tions of the United States, matures several days earlier than the ordinary
varieties in use, and that said -wheat not only proves to be more prolific in its
yield, for the first few years at least, but possesses other vaiuable properties ;
Therefore, be it

Resolvad, That the Executive Committee be empowered to import such
quantities and varieties of said wheat as they may deem expedient, to be
placed in proper hands for experiment, at least one bushel in a place, in every
State and Territcry, making it obligatory on the part of each experimentor to
duly report to this Society the result.

Resolved, That said committee be tmpowered, if thought expedient, to
issue proposals for the importation of a cargo of wheat seed for the use of
agricultural societies or individuals, on such terms and conditions as they may
see fit to prescribe.

Col. KiMMEL enumerated the different kinds of foreign wheat
of fine quality, and the ports at which they could be obtained
with the greatest ease and of the best quality. For a factor
to travel to all these places would involve too much expense ;
and yet the different kinds of wheat could not be obtained at
any one place. Therefore he suggested that efforts be made
to obtain these different kinds through the American Consuls
residing in the countries in which the various kinds grow.
In the course of his remarks he spoke of an attempt he had
made to domesticate a kind brought from a part of Europe ten
degrees further north than |;he place in America where it was
planted. The result was that in the course of a few years it
had assumed the same appearance as native wheat,

Mr. Browne thought wheat should be brought from a warmer
climate than that of the place in which it was to be planted.

After some further discussion of this point by Mr. Kimmel,
the whole subject was referred to the Executive Committee,
and Mr. Browne was requested to reduce to writing the plan
he had suggested for the use of the committee. The same
request was made of Mr. Kimmel.

ROCK SALT FROM SALT LAKE CITY.

Prof. Henry stated that the messenger had just put into his
hands a large and beautiful specimen of transparent rock salt,
presented to him by Dr. Bernheisel, Delegate from Utah. It
was from the deposit at Great Salt Lake. The specimen was
not only interesting in a mineralogical point of view, but for
the purpose of constructing lenses and prisms for researches
on radiant heat. It was the only substance which transmitted
an equal amount of all the different kinds of heat, and in this
respect it stood in opposition to transparent alum, which
stopped almost entirely the rays of radiant heat, from whatever
source they might be derived.

FRUITS AT SALT LAKE CITY.

The President presented the following letter, which was
read and ordered to be printed : —

Great Salt Lake City, Aug. 29, 1^55.

Hon. Marshall P. Wilder : Dear Sir, — I have hastily
drawn up the following brief account of fruit in these vallies,
as far as has come under my observation. We have great rea-
son to be encouraged in regard to the collection of fruit here in
the vallies of the mountains. Although numerous efforts have
been made to bring standard varieties from the States ; still,
owing to the great distance they have to come, and the poor
facilities we have as yet had, for bringing them in proper sea-
son, we have only a few varieties of cultivated apples. They
have not as yet produced any fruit. Efforts are now being
made, which it is hoped will prove successful, to procure a
choice and extensive variety of fruit the coming season. We
sincerely hope it will not be very long ere Utah shall be a suc-
cessful rival with any State or Territory in the Union, both for
the variety, quantity and excellence of her fruit. Our soil is
various. Land lying near the base of the mountains, or what
is called bench land, seems best adapted to the cultivation of
fruit. The climate is warm, but with little rain from the first

33

of April to the middlG of autumn. Our winters are not severe.
This country, previous to its settlement by this people, was not
supposed to be capable of producing an ear of corn or a spear
of wheat. So well satisfied were the mountaineers of the fact,
that they offered a reward of one thousand dollars for the first
ear of corn that should be raised ; — but owing to the inde-
fatigable exertions of this people, water is made to leave its
mountain channels in ditches, in many places cut along the
sides of steep mountains, and is seen winding its way and
branching off in various directions, giving each cultivator suf-
ficient to render his land fertile and productive. And what
was once thought to be a barren wilderness, now bids fair to
blossom as the rose.

Of seedling Apples, there are several choice kinds that have
borne for three years. Original names have been given.

1st. — Dessert Apple.

2d. — Bee Hive.

3d. _ Red Ute.

4th. — Pride of the Valley.

5th. — Mountain Chief.

These are the only ones named. There are several others,
immature d, which promise well.

Of Plums, there are several wild varieties in bearing, but
not worthy of notice. Pears. — None in bearing. Apricots. —
There are some fine trees, that have borne for two years. The
fruit looks well, and it is thought will be very productive.
Nectarines. — There are none here. Cherries. — A good
many trees, but no fruit worthy of notice.

Peaches seem to be particularly adapted to the soil and
climate of these vallies. They are produced here in great
quantities, and of superior quality and size. We have red,
yellov\^ and white ; also, the blood clings. Seventeen different
varieties have been named and placed on catalogue. The
names given are original and as follows : —

1st. — Brigliani's Favorite — a white peach, ripens last of

August.
2d. — Pride of Utah — a large red rare-ripe, fine flavored.
3d. — Carring'ion's Large White — one of which weighed
seven ounces.

3

u

4th. — Willard's Extra — vq^l rareripe.

5th. — Vandyke — a beautiful and very fine peach.

6th. — Excelsior — a fine yellow peach ; middle of Sept.

7th. — Sprag-ue's Rareripe.

8th. — Grant's Early Red — size, medium; ripens middle

of August.
9th. — iVe Plus Ultra.
10th. — Grant's Cling.
11th. — Woodruff's Mountain Sweet.
12th. — Cannon's Early Red.
13th. — Woodruff's Prolific.

14th. — Mammoth Golden — very excellent and large.
15th. — Decker's Yelloiv Rareripe.
16th. — Carrington's Superb — very fine; much like the

Yellow Melocoton.
17th. — Carrington's Productive.

There are probably many others of good quality, not yet dis-
covered.

Grapes. — We have several kinds, the best of which is the
California Grape, in appearance much like the Isabella. Clus-
ters large and fine ; ripens here first of September.

Currants. — We have three wild varieties — red, white, and
yellow, which grow to a large size — some being three-fourths
of an inch in diameter. The white and red currants of the
States have been brought here, but have been mostly destroyed
by the grasshoppers and crickets.

Gooseberries. — There are but few, and of these my knowl-
edge is limited.

Strawberries. — We have quite a variety produced from
seeds — some very good.

Melons. — Watermelons of fine quality ■ — some weighing
from fifty to sixty pomids. Muskmelons, a great variety and
very fine.

The above imperfect sheet is submitted to your considera-
tion ; and with every wish for the dissemination of correct prin.
ciples for the cultivation and propagation of fruit,
I subscribe myself, yours truly,

Edward Hunter.

The Convention then adjourned to Thursday, at 10 A. M.

35

SECOND D AY.

The Society met, pursuant to adjournment, at 10 o'clock,
A. M., at the Smithsonian Institution.

The President stated that he had received telegraphic infor-
mation that many of the members of the Society were detained
on the other side of the Susquehanna by ice in that river.

INVITATION TO HOLD EXHIBITION AT LOUISVILLE.

The following communication was received from Hon. James
Guthrie, (Secretary of the Treasury.)

WashinCxTon, 'Jth Jan'y, 1856.

Sir, — I have the honor to enclose to you a letter addressed
to me by Geo. Hancock, Esq., of Louisville, Ky., President of
the South Western Agricultural and Mechanical Society, and
to say that, with the liveliest interest in the continued advance-
ment of the objects which the Society is designed to promote,
I am yet unable, from the nature of my duties and engage-
ments to appear, and officiate as a delegate of the Society at
the meeting of the National Agricultural Society, to be holden
this day in Washington.

But although unable to attend and participate in the pro-
ceedings of the National Society, I feel authorized on behalf of
the South Western Agricultural and Mechanical Society, to
invite the National Society to hold its next annual meeting in
Louisville, and in the event of its consenting to do so, to
tender to it the use of its. grounds, which are most ample and
commodious, for the purpose, and to the members of the
Society a cordial welcome on the part of the citizens of
Louisville. I am, very respectfully,

James Guthbie.
Hon. Marshall P. "Wilder, President )

National Agr. Society, AVashington, D. C. ^

Louisville, Ky., Dec. oUt, 1855.

Hon. James Guthrie: Dear Sir, — The National Agricul-
tural Society will meet in Washington City, on the 9th ol
January. The association here has been requested to a,p-

36

point a delegate for the purpose of representing our interests ;
and it is probable, from what President Wilder writes, that
the Socioty will hold its next meeting in Kentucky.

The " South Western Agricultural and Mechanical Associ-
ation " have requested me to appoint a delegate, and as I am
assured of the interest you feel in whatever affects the welfare
and prosperity of our undertaking, I hope you will accept the
trust, as I know the energy and ability with which it will be
discharged if you assume the duty.

We are engaged in an enterprise which has already exercised
the most beneficial effects upon our agriculture ; has improved
our breeds of animals, and increased the scientific knowledge
of our farmers and planters. We would be greatly pleased if
the National Society would hold their next meeting at this
place ; and we authorize you to tender to the Society the use
of our grounds, and property of the Association.

At our ordinary annual meetings, the receipts amount to
some eight thousand dollars, which amount would be more
than doubled in the event the National Society should hold its
meeting here. All profits resulting from the exhibition we
proffer to the Society.

A very large concourse of people would be attracted to our
city ; and we are assured that if our object be attained, many
of your old friends and fellow-citizens would be gratified.
I have the honor to remain

Your Obedient Servant,

Geo. Hancock, President

S. W. Agricultural and Mechanical Association.

Hon. James GuTiiRir;, \
Washington, D. C. ^

INVITATION TO HOLD EXHIBITION IN MARYLAND.

The subjoined preamble and resolutions, from the Board of

Managers of the Maryland Institute, were then laid before the

Socie Ly : —

Baltimore, Jan. 9tli, 1856.

President of the U. S. Agricultural Societjj, Washington :

Dear Sir, — At a meeting of the Board of Managers of
the Maryland Institute for the Promotion of the Mechanic

37

Arts, held on the evening of 8th inst,, the following preamble
and its accompanying resolutions were unanimously adopted :

Whereas, The United States Agricultural Society having held two exhibi-
tions, one in the Western and the other in the Eastern sections of the coun-
try, the presumption is, that the third exhibition will be held .'n oiic of the
Middle States : And Whereas, Maryland being centrally located between the
North and the South, she eminently presents the neutral grounds where such
an exhibition may be most appropriately held, with the certainty of 1 irge and
liberal contributions from all sections of our country. Upon the soil of Mary-
land, the farmers from Massachusetts and Virginia, from New York and
Louisiana may meet in union, and compete amicably and honorably for supe-
riority in their agricultural machinery, the blood of their stock, as well as the
products of the soil. " In union there is strength," is perhaps as wise and
true a maxim as is to be found in the language of our political economy. The
same maxim may be as easily and truly applied to our national and social
economy. A union of the mechanical and agricultural interests of the whole
country will not only greatly elevate and enhance these departments of na-
tional enterprise, but will largely tend to strengthen the social compact and
consolidate the confederated Union by the iron bonds of individual social inter-
course ; — Therefore,

Jicsolved, By the Board of Managers of the Maryland Institute, th.at we
cordially invite the United States Agricultural Society to hold their next
annual exhibition iri. the city of Baltimore.

Resolved, That in the event of the Society selecting this city, as the loca-
tion of their next exhibition, the Maryland Institute will use all its influence to
forward the great national enterprise.

Resolved, That the Secretary be authorized to acquaint the United States
Agricultural Society of these proceedings.

Joshua Vansant, President.

G. H Hunt, Secretary.

In consequence of the previous acceptance of the invitation
from Philadelphia, the propositions were necessarily declined.

AMERICAN INVENTIONS ABROAD.

Dr. J. D. Weston, of Massachusetts, submitted the following
preamble and resolution : —

Whereas, The only award of the highest class made to any agricultural
implements at the World's Exhibition in 1851, in London, was that (the
council medal) in favor of the reaping machine invented by C. H. McCormick,
an American : And Whereas, the only award of the highest class in the
department of agriculture at the recent World's Exhibition in Paris, (the
grant! medal of honor) was awarded to the same invention —<•

38

Resolved, That the eminent distinctions thus awarded to an American inven-
tion reflects honor on our country and its progress in the useful arts ; for
which we, as the National Agricultural Society, deem it fit that we tender our
ncknowledcfments to the juries, composed almost, if not quite exclusively, of
distinguished Europeans, by which these awards have been made, to an absent
and unknown American ; and we point to the fact as an encouragement to our
inventors and incitement to future efforts, and an earnest of future triumphs.

Horace Greeley, of New York, who was a Commissioner from
the United States at the London Exhibition of the Industry
of all Nations, and also visited the Exhibition at Paris, in sec-
onding the resolutions, testified to the distinction which Mr.
McCormick's Reaper had conferred upon the country.

Col. KiMMEL, of Maryland, also bore testimony of the read-
iness of the English and French to receive and adopt improve-
ments when once convinced of their utility.

Gen. J. T. "Worthington, of Ohio, coincided in the opinions
before expressed in favor of the resolutions, and thought Mc-
Cormick's Reaper the initial labor-saving machine of the age.

Prof. Henry, after enumerating the many disadvantages
under which all American machines labored at these exposi-
tions, thought that the value of any invention, which gained a
prize at those exhibitions, was guaranteed.

John Jones, of Delaware, sustained the resolutions in an
earnest and able speech, in which he introduced some valuable
agricultural statistics, which it is hoped he will prepare for
publication in the present volume of this Journal.

The resolution was then unanimously adopted.

THE relation OP METEOROLOGY TO AGRICULTURE.

Dr. Beekman, of New York, (ex-president of N. Y. State
Agricultural Society,) submitted the following resolutions ; —

Resolved, That agriculture and other great interests of the State would, in
the opinion of the Society, be materially benefitted by extending to the land
the system of meterological co-operation and research which lias done and is
doing so much for commerce and navigation at sea; and that this Society do
hereby recommend such extension to the favorable consideration of Congress.

Rcso'vid, That a committee of three be appointed by the President to com-
municate the above resolution to each member of Congress and to solicit hia

39

co-operation. The result of these applications in behalf of the great agri"
cultural interests of the country to be reported at the next meeting of this
Society.

Lieut. M. F. Maury, U. S. Navy, supported the Resolutions
in some well considered remarks, and then read the following
paper wliich he had prepared upon the subject : —

Now, Sir, it may be asked, what has all this to do with
meteorology for the farmers, or with sanitary meteorology ?
The more proper question would be, what has it not to do with
these interests ? The atmosphere is a great ocean which
envelops this globe, and every plant and animal that grows on
its surface, is dependent for its well-being upon the laws which
govern and control the " wind in his circuits," and none more
so than man, the lord of all. To study these laws, we must
treat the atmosphere as a whole. We have now the sea made
speckled with our floating observatories all equipped with
instruments that are comparable, and observing the same things
according to a uniform method, and recording their observa-
tions according to a universal plan : so that whether the ship
be Swede or Russian, Dane or Italian, Dutch or Spanish, Ger-
man, Portuguese, Brazilian, Chilian, or English, the observa-
tions are referable to the same standard, and equally available
to the whole corps. Here, quietly at sea, we have set up and
added a new prerogative to the world-wide republic of science j
for the journals which contain these observations have, by com-
mon consent, been placed beyond the reach of harm in war.
They have been made sacred.

In the progress of discussing the observations thus obtained
from the sea, we have arrived at that point at which observa-
tions on the land are fomid to be essential to a successful
prosecution of our investigation into the laws which govern
the movements of the grand atmospherical machine. At sea
we have the rule, on the land we look for the exceptions. We
want to sec the land, therefore, spotted with co-laborers
observing also according to some uniform plan, and such as
may be agreed upon in concert with the most distinguished
meteorologists at home and abroad ; and I have addressed

40

myself to the agricultural interests, and the sanitary interests
of the country because they have the deepest stake in the
hedge. For the same investigations precisely that will sub-
serve these interests, will also subserve the interests which
science and all the industrial pursuits of man have in the
investigation.

Formerly, you 'recollect, it was held that parallels of lati-
tude indicated climates ; but for the farmer the parallel is
found to be no indication. The isothermal lines, with the
hygrometrical condition of the atmosphere — these are the
keys to climate ; and the agricultural interest of the world is
already profiting largely by this discovery — the knowledge
which these lines and conditions afford ; and we are chiefly
indebted to the investigation of Humboldt, and Doae, and
Quetelet, and other living meteorologists for the present state
of our knowlege upon this subject. Indeed, I hold in my hand
maps which have been prepared by Mr. Blodget from mete-
orolgical observations that have been made since 1819, at our
military posts, by the medical staff of the army, and collected
at the Surgeon-General's office. These maps throw a flood of
light upon the climatological, and consequently the mete-
orology of the country ; and by showing what they do, they sug-
gest to us our ignorance of this interesting subject, and impress
us with the importance and the necessity of further research.

The science, and ingenuity, and enterprise of our fellow-
citizens have placed within our reach a means of meteoro-
logical investigation which has been as yet untouched, and
which, when properly applied, will no doubt bring out results
that will go home to, and benefit, or at least interest and
instruct, every intelligent being in the country. I mean the
magnetic telelegraph.

[Here Lieut. M. introduced pertinent and telling illus-
trations.]

Now, in the plan that shall be finally agreed upon for record-
ing these observations, suppose that we shall succeed in secur-
ing the co-operation of one observer on the average in each

41

county of every State in the Union. These observers will be
requested to return their monthly records to the central office,
with a remark as to the promise or state of the crop each in
his own neigborhood. AVhat to you, as a farmer, would not
faithful summaries of such statements be worth? As a farmer,
you are interested in the condition, not only of the crops of
your neighbors, but in the crops also of all other husbandmen
in every part of the world who compete with you in its mar-
kets with their produce. Look back only to the last summer,
and recollect the lively interest that was felt, in all the grain-
growing States of the Union, as to the crops of Europe.

This proposition concerning agricultural meteorology is a
concerted plan, and the idea is to spread this net-work of
instruments and observers, not only over this country, but
over other parts of the world also.

This thing has been done for the sea almost without expense,
and certainly by means the most simple. The form of obser-
vations and the hours for making them, were agreed upon after
consultation, and then each nation left in that case, as I hope
they will be in this, free to carry out the details within its own
domains in its own way. And England, and Spain, and Por-
tugal, and Holland, Denmark, Sweden and Norway, and Rus-
sia, and other States, are now acting in concert with us, and
carrying on this same system of observations at sea. They
have established also their offices to discuss, each in its own
way, the observations that have been made under their own
flags ; and the results obtained, whatever they be, are then cast
into a common treasury for the benefit alike of all who use
the sea, or who delight to study its meteorology.

And I am assured by men of eminence and influence in all
these countries that they do but wait for us here to take the
initiative in regard to the meteorology of the land, and that
there again they are ready to second and co-operate.

Baron Humboldt among others, has expressed the most ear-
nest desire to see such a concerted plan of observations
inaugurated among meteorologists. He would, I am assured,
be most happy to assist in maturing it, and stands ready with
his counsel and advice to that end, Jomard and Le Verrier,

42

of France, as Arago was, are in favor of the plan. So too, are
Quetelet, and Doae, and Kreil, and Kupffer, and Lamoat, and
Littrow, and Secchi, of Rome, Pegado, of Portugal, and lansen
and Ballot, of Holland, and Ihlen and Pettersson, of Norway,
and Sweden, and Rothe, of Denmark, and many eminent men
and renowned meteorologists of England. These, with Wrot-
tesley, Sabine and a host of others, stand ready to co-operate
with us and to observe each for his own government, according
to any plan that shall be agreed upon.

How was this system of maritime co-operation brought
about ? By means the most simple.

[Here Mr. Maury narrated the history of the Brussels
Conference.]

I have seen it stated in one of the public prints of the day,
that this plan is a rival scheme to that which the Smithsonian
Institution has already in hand ; that the two plans are
hostile. I have no doubt that the idea of rivalry in such a sub-
ject astonished my friend — if he will allow me so to call
him — the distinguished Secretary of this Institution, quite as
much as it did myself. Are the offices which the States of
Europe have created to assist in the investigation of the winds
and currents of the ocean, rival establishments of the one in
Washington ? Are the agricultural societies which are scat-
tered over this broad land, and each of which is doing so
much good in its own way, rivals of each other ? Or are the
astronomical observations which are starting up in the various
parts of the country, rivals of the National Observatory here ?
No, Sir, they are co-operators working together with a common
purpose and for like objects of instruction, benefit and profit.
The motto which Professor Henry has inscribed over this Insti-
tution is not rivalry nor monopoly, but co-operation — emula-
tion. The field meteorological is wide, and there is room in it
for the best laborers and the most renowned talent that the
world affords.

Whatever facts or observations shall be elicited by this sys-
tem of investigation, will be as heartily at the service of Pro-

43

fessor Henry and the Smithsonian Institution, as I am sure the
abundant materials that are contained in his office are at the
service of any establishment, institution or individual in the
country who may desire to use them for any special investiga-
tion or particular research.

I have not deemed this allusion to that newspaper article as
at all necessary to set myself right with Professor Henry, or
him with the public ; nor to imply in any manner whatever,
that the sentiments it expressed are in unison with his own
thoughts and feelings — far from it. They are as discordant
to his, I have no doubt, as they are to mine. But I allude to
them simply with the view of disabusing the minds of others
of the nation that there is rivalry here, should there be any
within the sound of my voice that have for a moment enter-
tained such a notion. It is a false notion, and like all false
notions, calculated more for harm than for good ; and I wish
here to declare that in proposing this plan for philosophical
research, the idea that I was encroaching upon the fields of
any man, or proposing a rival scheme to any one, never entered
my head.

[The speaker here demonstrated that this was " no new
scheme."]

This is a remarkable age, and the times in which we live
will ever be celebrated for the improvement and progress
that mark them ; and it has been said that the farmers
especially have been lagging behind ; that they have been
slow to adopt improvements, or to benefit by the advantages
which scientific research has placed within their reach. What-
ever may have been the case with them, I am sure that they
are now waking up, and we have proof, in whatever direction
we turn, that as a class they have now got fairly under way
with the go-ahead principle of the times. In illustration —
if illustration were needed — I might turn to the State and
county agricultural societies which embellished the face of the
country last autumn with their fairs, and exhibitions, and meet-
ings. The governor of almost every State, if not of every one,
has, in his last annual message to the legislature, paid homage

44

to this pursuit, and many of them have recommended the
establishment of agricultural schools or colleges. And, Sir,
if the improvements of navigation, of ship-building, with the
introduction into man's economy of the steamship and railway,
have made this earth smaller in one sense, by enabling its
inhabitants to run over its surface and compass it in less than
half the time it formerly required, the agriculturists have
greatly enlarged it by increasing its capacity to subsist and
maintain population.

The time was, when England with about half its present
population, was supposed to be peopled up to its capacity ;
and who but the husbandman has so enlarged its capacity to
hold and to feed ? We do, now and then, come across a
farmer of the old school who has set his face against improve-
ments that science with the aid of the mechanic has introduced
into the business of agriculture. But such cases aie like mile-
stones by the way-side ; they serve to show us what progress
we are making, and how far we have gone.

I have often thought that it would be instructive, as well as
profitable, to go back into the history of the past and ascertain
what science has done for agriculture. Did it ever occur to
you, sir, to look back and see what it has done even within
your own recollection ? I cannot speak for your part of the
country as well as I can for my own ; but I can well recollect
that in early life when I followed the plow, science had done
no great deal at that time for the husbandman and his calling —
and when I speak of science having performed this or that for
the husbandman, I do not refer to any abstract principle, but I
mean what science, in its practical application, has done,
including the applications which the mechanic has given to its
principles ; for you cannot well separate the man of science
from the mechanic, when you come to consider the practical
application of the principles which the former may have evolved
to the business of life.

When I was a boy, every implement that was to be found on
the best equipped farm — with perhaps the exception of the
cart and wheat-fan — might be carried on the shoulder of a
stout man. And now what is the case ? We have sowing

46

macliinep, reaping machines, threshing machines, and other
machines, which do the work of man and beast, and which
have the further advantage that they do not eat.

In consequence of the improvements of the age, all the great
branches of national industry have been stimulated — some
more than others. But above all, and under all, is agriculture;
it is the substratum upon which they all depend. And the
agriculturist in this country stands in more need now than he
has ever done, of those inventions and appliances which, with-
out increasing the number of mouths to be fed, will increase
his harvest.

The population of Western Europe is trenching upon the
capacities of production. England has for a number of years
ceased to produce breadstuffs enough for its own consumption.
The United States are beginning more and more to occupy the
position of the granary of the world. The nation looks to the
farmers to win for us, and to sustain us in, this position.

[Mr. Maury illustrated his position by the statistics of the
year 1855.]

Some four or five hundred thousand men have been with-
drawn from the industrial pursuits of France and England,
and sent to make war in the Crimea. At home or abroad
these men have to be fed ; and all of them certainly were not
taken from the cultivation of the earth, and yet there is a
demand for breadstuffs created thereby which has been felt in
almost all parts of this country. And while we are feeding
that army there, it should not be forgotten what an army of
mouths we have to feed here at home. Take the railroad
employees as one illustration. In England, the employees of
the railroads average about ten persons per mile. This
includes those who are employed not only in the administration
of the works, but those who are engaged in fetcliing and car-
rying, receiving and delivering.* There are in this country
about 20,000 miles of railway in operation ; and allowing five
persons per mile, including those who are engaged in the

*See the Railroad Record of Cincinnati — a j: riper conducted with rare talent.

46

workshops connectsd with the roads, we shall have an army
of 100,000 persons. These are all men — for women and boys
are not employed in this branch of industry — and each man
so employed, has dependent upon him on the average, three
other persons. So that here is an army of 400,000 mouths
that we have in our midst, but which the agriculturists are
called upon to feed.

Again : take the five year census of the States —just com-
pleted in some of them — and what lesson is taught there ?
Why, the fact is brought out, that in New York and other
States, the principal increase since 1850, has been in the city,
not in the rural population. Here are other armies also, all
making large demands — in fact, being dependent upon the
surplus product of our farmers for subsistence.

Indeed, the census statistics themselves show that, of all the
industrial pursuits of the State, the ratio of increase for the
agricultural population is perhaps the smallest.- Immigration
has received a check ; and the reinforcements which our agri-
culture received from that source are falling off. And thus we
arrive at the conclusion that the agriculturist must be up and
doing, else the progress of the age will be checked, and we
must be reduced to the necessity of abstracting force from
internal improvements, or from commerce, or from manufac-
turing, or from mining, or from some other pursuit, and turn
it upon agriculture, in order that there may be bread in the
land.

Wherefore it is that I say, sir, that unless the science and
the improvements of the age shall suggest some means by
which the farmer, without increasing the number of his hands,
may increase his crops, our progress must be checked until the
laws of supply and demand shall operate to restore the equi-
librium.

This meteorological plan, it appears to me, has precisely the
tendency required for the emergency ; for its tendency is to
save labor and increase the harvest by fore-knowledge.

Dr. C. G. Page said, that the remarks of Lieut. Maury met
his hearty approval, and commended themselves to the com.

47

mon sense and intelligence of every farmer and gardener in
the country, and to every person interested, directly or indi-
rectly, in those pursuits.

I need not stop now, said Dr. Page, to discuss the impor-
tance of meteorological observations to farmers and gardeners,
for they will all admit it. The collection of atmospheric data
for the purposes of scientific generalization is important and
indispensable, and will always command my cheerful co-opera-
tion ; but what the farmer and the gardener particularly want
is a daily report of atmospheric conditions. We have in this
region of country just passed through a remarkable meteoro-
logical cycle, of more than a year and a half duration, and
yet I have nowhere seen any public notice of the phenomena
connected with it.

A year ago last May, the water of our wells and deep springs
began to fail, and has continued to diminish up to the latter part
of the past month. During the whole of that time not a rain
has occurred which has penetrated the earth beyond the wants
of vegetation. My observations have not been systematic, but
I have watched the perpendicular sides of deep excavations,
and have repeatedly dug into the earth and measured the depth
of springs, and am satisfied that during that time no rain has
percolated the earth so as to reach the deep springs. Conse-
quently, all the water we have been drawing from the earth
for more than a year and a half, fell previous to that time.
The farmers and gardeners in my neighborhood have suffered
great privation, distress, and losses from this state of things.
They have deepened their wells and dug new ones, and still
the water has given out, and many have been obliged to cart
water for a long distance. Of all this we have no published
report. It is for the philosopher to generalize from accumu-
lated data, but the farmer wants to be informed every day of
what is going on and to judge for himself. The barometer is
not of much immediate use to him, but he must have the
hygrometer, the rain-gauge, the thermometer, and the wind-
gauge. I need not stop to explain the importance of noticing
the velocity of the wind in connexion with temperatures, for
every farmer and gardener knows this practically. The ways

48

are many and various in which these observations will benefit
the fanner. For instance, I ask who can raise here a Cali-
fornia potato or a California onion ? And who can tell why
they cannot be raised out of California ? I have been trying
for two years to raise them here and failed. I have planted
California potatoes ten inches in length and three in diameter
in rich soil, medium soil, and poor soil, and in all have obtained
potatoes not much larger than nutmegs ; and so with their
onions ; and so it is with all their gigantic vegetables. They
degencrat3 immediately when planted here. Is it due to any
peculiar chemical constitution of California soil ? I think not.
It can hardly be supposed that similar soil does not exist else-
where : and the fact that all their vegetable productions are
monstrous, is an argument against any peculiarity of soil,
as different vegetables require different soils. I am inclined
to think that the causes are chiefly atmospheric ; and, as we
can imitate climates as well as soils, it might be of great value
to our farmers and gardeners if they could be furnished with
information upon this subject ; for it would be a great acquisi-
tion if we could raise such vegetables here.

In conclusion, permit me to say that, in carrying out any
system of observations for the benefit of agriculture, we should
not lose sight of the importance of publishing daily reports,
in such manner as to be luidely circulated.

Prof. Joseph Henry, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institu-
tion, objoct3d to the resolution as offered, and hoped it would
be modified. He thought that if an appropriation was asked
from Congress, it should be for meteorology in general, and
not for any particular system, or to be under the direction of
any individual. The rivalry alluded to by Lieut. Maury could
not exist. He (Prof. H.) was merely the representative of
the Smithsonian Institution, and as such he would explain its
connextion with meteorology. He stated that a foreigner,
desirous of establishing a reputation for himself and advancing
knowledge, had bequeathed a certain sum in trust to the
United States for the increase and diffusion of knowledge
among men. Smitiison was a man of science, and his object

49

evidently was tlie discovery of new trutlis, and a diffusion of
a knowledge of these tlirough the world. Congress, however,
had enjoined on the Institution the erection of a building, and
the establishment of a library, museum, &c., leaving but a
portion for what he (Prof. H.) had considered the legitimate
object of the bequest.

To carry out this idea the Regents had given attention to a
number of objects. Among others, they had established a
system of meteorological observations, on which they had
already expended about $15,000. They had collected a large
amount of valuable meteorological information, which they had
not the means of publishing to the world. The primary object
of the system was to solve the problem of American storms,
and for this purpose they had adopted the plan first suggested
by Prof. Mitchell, of the University of North Carolina, and
successfully carried out in particular cases by Prof. Loomis.
This consisted in establishing a series of observers through the
whole country, and in mapping from their observations the
phases of the sky at different hours, and, from a series of maps
of this kind, determining the nature, origin, and termination
of the great agitations of our atmosphere. The materials, as
he had said before, had been collected for this purpose, and
the Institution had a large amount of matter which would
undoubtedly yield interesting results if the means could be
furnished for their reduction and publication. Indeed, he
would pledge himself that, if an appropriation was made by
Congress to defray the expense, one of the most interesting
volumes on the subject of storms could be produced which has
ever been published in this or any other country. He believed
that the Institution had the materials to settle the question as
to the character of these storms, whether rotary and onward
according to Redfield ; whether upward and onward, accord-
ing to Espy ; and to throw light on their motive force, whether
it is the condensation of vapor or the action of electricity.

The original plan has been extended and ordinary meteorolog-
ical results arrived at. For this purpose the Institution has
imported standard instruments from London and Paris ; it has
instructed an instrument-maker to copy and improve them ;
4

50

and has tlius done good service to the cause of meteorology by
introducing into the country reliable instruments, and inducing
intelligent observers to co-operate in carrying on the system.
Several of the States of the Union had joined the Smithsonian
Institution, and placed their meteorological results at its dis-
posal.

In order to increase the means of usefulness, the Institution
had lately entered, as it were, into a copartnership with the
Patent Office, and a grant had been obtained for the purchase
of a number of instruments ; one hundred rain-guages had
been procured for distribution to the most important points of
the Union, and the returns would hereafter be regularly pub-
lished in connection with the Patent Office Report.

Prof. Henry stated that he had a high estimation of the
talents of Lieut. Maury, and, he believed, a just appreciation of
the results of his labors. He had mapped down on the chart
of the globe numerous tracks taken by navigators, and noted
the different winds they encountered, and thus helped the
mariner to choose the path which would offer the prospect of
the most favorable passage. This, however, said Mr. H.,
though of great importance, was in itself a simple matter, and
involved no great, scientific attainment, and certainly inferred
no peculiar ability to apply a meteorological system for the
seas to the land for agricultural purposes. The methods and
objects are entirely different. The latter problem is one of
much complexity, and, in order to devise a proper system, the
subject should be submitted to a commission of the scientific
men of the country who had paid particular attention to mete-
orology and to the problems connected with agi'iculture. Prof.
H. again declared that he would admit no rivalry between
himself and Lieut. Maury, because he was merely the represen-
tative of the Smithsonian Institution, and whatever was done
by it would be accorded to the name of Smithson and not to
that of Prof. Henry. He looked for no personal advantage
from his connection with this system ; but, on the contrary,
whatever Lieut. Maury has done is in his own name, although
at the expense of the government, he thought Lieut. Maury
had not treated the Institution with due courtesy on this occa-

51

sion ; that in his communications to the public he had ignored
what the Institution hud done, and the first information it had
received that Lieut. Maury contemplated a system of meteor-
ology for the land, was obtained from the newspapers.

Prof. H. said 'his desire was to guard the interests of the
Institution as'well as to promote the great objects of science.
The question wa?, how was this to be done ? The best plan,
as it appeared to him, was to solicit an appropriation for mete-
orology in general ; to use the Smithsonian materials as far as
they would go ; and to establish, after consultation with the
meteorologists and agriculturists of the country, a system
which should be applicable to the whole country and best pro-
mote the objects in view.

The leading maxim of the Smithsonian Institution is co-op-
eration, not monopoly. Another maxim is to operate in unoc-
cupied fields, and to give up any project that could be better
accomplished by other means. When the Regents are con-
vinced that a better system can be adopted and more vig-
orously prosecuted by other means, they will vnllingly transfer
all the materials collected, provided due credit be given the
Institution for what it has thus far accomplished.

C. B. Calvert, President of the Maryland Agricultural
Society, with aU due deference to science, thought that the
good sense and observation of plain men had been of immense
importance to scientific research. The matter of meteorologi-
cal discoveries at sea had been carried out by common sailors,
under the direction of Lieut. Maury, and if it were a matter
so easy of discovery why had not all the science of former
ages demonstrated it ? It remained for the patient and long-
continued observation of plain sailors, under the direction of
that practical man of science whom kings delight to honor, to
find out the laws controlling the ocean storms. He did not
wish the resolution to be amended so that the matter would be
placed in the hands of merely scientific men. Let the obser-
vations on land be made by plain farmers, at little or no ex-
pense, under the direction of Lieut. Maury, and then such
observations would be made as would be of practical impor-
tance. He wished to see scientific and practical men unite in

52

tWs great work ; there was enough for all to do. But with
due respect to Prof. Henry and the Smithsonian Institute, he
would not have the matter pass from the hands of the emi-
nent and distin-guished man who had not onlj proved himself
a scicntiffic man, but a man of practical science.

Lieut. Maury was very sorry that Professor H. had taken
such a view of his efforts in meteorology. The field was wide,
and it was well known that Professor Henry had not sufficient
funds at his command to carry out the plan in all its details.
Instead of creating a rivalry, he wished this plan to be re-
garded as co-operating with the Smithsonian Institute. He
well knew that Prof. H. led a life of labor, and that his high
attainments entitled him to the greatest deference and highest
consideration in maturing this plan, and all this he was always
ready to accord. With these feelings he had deferred the
meteorological conference for a year, at Prof. H.'s request.
But now observations upon the land was a necessity ; he could not
wait longer to make a commencement. If this proceeding should
prevent the co-operation of the Smithsonian Institute, it was a
matter greatly to be deplored ; but still the work must go on.
He knew that the Professor could have no personal feeling in
the matter, but that the idea that the Institution's reputation
caused his opposition to this measure. The idea Lieut. Maury
considered as erroneous, and hoped that further considera-
tion would convince the learned gentleman of the fact.

S. 11. Huntington, President of the Connecticut State Agri-
cultural Society, regretted that the matter had assumed the
phase of rivalry between these eminent gentlemen. But he
considered the whole matter as of little importance to the
society, and therefore he suggested that the resolution be so
amended as to define no particular manner in which the obser-
vations should be made, leaving Congress to define the method,
thus making the chance for obtaining the appropriation asked
still more certain, and, as the object of the Society was to ob-
tain this appropriation, the mere method of taking the obser-
vation was of little consequence.

B. P. PooRE, Esq., regretting the course of the discussion,
moved the previous question.

53

Dr. Beekman read the resolutions again, and stated tliat tliey
seemed sufficiently explicit. He was glad that it had created
a spirit of rivalry between the men of science. When emu-
lation commenced, a greater advancement would be made in
any subject.

After some informal conversation upon the motion, the Chair
put the previous question, and the resolutions were adopted by
a large majority.

The President thereupon appointed Messrs. Poore, Hunting-
ton, and Calvert as members of the committee.

CINCINNATI WINE.

The following communication was received from S. B. Mur-
ray, of Washington, enclosing a letter from Nicholas Long-
worth, of Cincinnati, and accompanied by a box of wine, (still
and sparkling Catawba,) manufactured by Mr. Longworth :

To the President or Secretary of the U. S. Agr. Society :

Dear Sir, — I send by bearer a box of wine for the U. S.
Agricultural Society. This wine I received a few days since
from N. Longworth, Esq., of Cincinnati, Ohio, with instruc-
tions to deliver it to the Society.

Yours respectfully,

Stan. B. Mueray.

Mr. Longworth's letter is as follows : —

Cincinnati, Jan. 2d, 1856.

Dear Sir, — Yours of 28th ult. received. When the wine
sent your Society, is drank, I wish it to be done by persons
of judgment. Your letter led me to send a box of wine to the
U. S. Agricultural Society at Washington, and request you to
take it in charge, and write to the President or Secretary, on
receipt of this.

I seldom leave my own fireside, and should not once in ten
years, if 1 had not two sisters in Newburg.

The box contains both still and sparkling wines.

If I have a motive for wishing to be ground-over, it would
be to improve our Native Wine Grapes, by raising seedlings,
I am now doing it, but have not the necessary time ahead.

54

As an evidence of what can be done, I have a seedling of
the Isabella, as thin a skin, as soft a pulp, as sweet and juicy
as the Black Hamburg, larger than the Hamburg, even where
raised under glass.

Yours respectfully,

N. LoNGWORTH.

P. S. Sparkling wine, exposed to severe cold, loses effer-
vescence, by throwing down the tartaric acid. Placed in a
warm situation, it is soon restored.

On motion of C. B. Calvert, Esq., the letter and wine were
referred to the Executive Committee, who were requested to
report upon the quality of the latter ; also that the thanks of
the Society be tendered to Mr. Longworth through the Sec-
retary.

The following paper was then read by Townend Glover, of
Fishkill, N. Y., at present connected with the Agricultural
Department of the U. S. Patent Office : —

ENTOMOLOGY AS APPLIED TO AGRICULTURE.

The subject of Entomology, as applied to the use of agri-
culture, or Agricultural Entomology, if it may be thus termed,
is of the most vital importance to every planter or farmer,
especially if the destruction effected by the myriads of insects
annually to the staple crops of the United States is considered.
The caterpillar, ball-worm, and red bug, too often destroy the
Southern planter's hope of a cotton crop. The minute joint-
worm commits such ravages amongst the once fine and flourish-
ing wheat-fields of Virginia that the culture of wheat in several
places has been abandoned. The almost microscopic wheat
midge has lately proved so destructive in the fertile fields of
Ohio, that a friend from that State assured me, a few days ago,
that during the last year he has seen fields so utterly destroyed
as not to be worth harvesting, and cattle had to be turned in
" to prey upon the poor remains " the midge " had left be-
hind." In New York, Massachusetts, <fec., the curculio causes
ofttimes a total failure of the plum 'crop. From North, South,

55

East, and "West we hear of nothing but complaints of the
ravages committed by our insect foes, and it would be impos-
sible to enumerate on this occasion, as their name is " legion."
It will, therefore, be plainly perceived that a close study of
the habits and transformations of any one of these pernicious
insects by the practical and intelligent farmer would prove not
only a source of great pleasure, as leading him to a keener
sense of the beauteous and wonderful works of Nature, as
exemplified in the singular transformations insects undergo
before they assume the perfect or fly state, but also a source of
great profit, as by experimenting upon them in all the stages
of their existence he might perchance discover some practical
method by which their extermination could be effected. In-
deed, it is absolutely necessary that a farmer should be able to
recognise the insects that destroy his crops, in all their various
and wonderful transformations before any effectual remedy can
be applied ; as in one stage of their life they may be suffered
to live and enjoy themselves, nay, even sometimes be pro-
tected, whilst in another stage we persecute and destroy them
by every means in our power. Take, for example, the beauti-
ful and elegant butterfly of the Papilio asterias. Any humane
and kind-hearted farmer, unversed in entomology, who should
see his children chasing and killing the pretty black and yel-
low-spotted butterfly that was flitting joyously over his vegeta-
ble garden, in the spring or early summer, apparently leading
a life of mere harmless pleasure, would no doubt reprove them
for wantonly destroying such a pretty harmless insect ; and
yet, if the truth was known, this pretty and much to be pitied
insect is the parent of all those nauseous-smelling green and
black spotted worms that later in the season destroy his
parsley, celery, parsnips, and carrots. Yet, by merely crush-
ing the parent fly with one blow early in the season, before it
has deposited its eggs, he would be spared the vexation of
either seeing his plants devoured and seed destroyed, or hav-
ing the disagreeable task of picking off, one by one, some hun-
dreds of caterpillars later in the season. This fact will be
more apparent when I state how incredibly fast some insects
multiply, especially in the warmer climate of the South, where

56

there is little frost to destroy insect life and there are several
generations in one season. Dr. John Gamble, of Tallahassee,
Florida, assisted by myself, dissected one female ball-worm
moth or miller, (an insect which in the caterpillar state is most '
destructive to cotton,) and we discovered a mass of eggs which
when counted amounted at the least calculation to five hundred
eggs, duly hatched, for the first generation, say one half males,
the rest females, the second generation, if undisturbed, would
amount to 125,000, and the third be almost incalculable.
Now, these mother flies are not very numerous early in the
season, owing to the birds devouring them, the rigor of winter,
and various other accidental causes ; and were practical means
found to destroy them as early in the spring as possible, the
immense ravages of the second and third generation might be
prevented. In one female (ceceticus) case or hang-worm, so
destructive to shade trees, I counted nearly eight hundred
eggs, although the specimen was but small. Now, were all
these cases taken from every infected tree in the winter, when
they can most easily be seen, owing to the fall of the leaf, and
then immediately burned, the trees would be comparatively free
the next season ; and by following this plan for one or two
years more, the work growing gradually less and less, the
insect might finally be exterminated ; inasmuch as the female
never leaves her case, but forms her nest of eggs inside ; and
yet these noxious pests are suffered year by year to increase
when so little trouble would destroy them. Other insects
again have other habits which if fully known would likewise
lead to their destruction. I will only cite another example
which has fallen under my personal knowledge.

Several years ago, when I first settled on the Hudson, and
was almost entirely unacquainted with either horticulture or
entomology, I wished to raise my own parsnip seed, having
been the previous year very much disappointed with the non-
germination of some purchased in a store, where it had proba-
bly laid on the shelf unnoticed for several years. Accordingly
the best roots were procured ; these grew, flowered, and finally
seeded, when several small caterpillars made their appearance
in the umbels, which they webbed together so as to form a

57

■r

shelter, and then leisurely devoured the footstalks and seed,
thus destroying my hopes of a crop. I endeavored, but in
vain, to raise some of these caterpillars, to satisfy myself what
sort of a moth would be produced, as they all died in confine-
ment or produced distorted and deformed chrysalids upon the
surface of the earth. Finally, I determined to examine under-
neath the plants in the ground to see if I could find any chrys-
alids there ; but none were to be seen. At last I examined
the stalk again more carefully, and accidentally discovered
sevcT-al small preforations along the sides. This stalk was im-
mediately split open by means of a garden-knife, when, lo and
behold, the large hollow of the stem was found to be entirely
filled with caterpillars and chrysalids, snugly ensconced each
in its own peculiar slight silken web. The discovery thus
accidentally made induced me to burn all the hollow stalks
left, and hundreds perished in the flames. I have merely men-
tioned these two facts to prove how it is, by a proper study of
the natural instincts of almost any insect, some means may
eventually be discovered to destroy it in some of the many
changes it undergoes. Of some, the eggs may be plainly dis-
covered on the trees when the leaf is fallen. Take, for
instance, the tussock moth, which is sometimes so injurious to
fruit and shade trees. The female of this moth lays her eggs
in a frothy matter on the top of a cocoon, sometimes placed
on the branches, trunks, or enclosures, and occasionally under
the dried leaves that remain suspended from the tree by means
of the silk of which the cocoon was formed. These are easily
seen, and can be gathered together and burnt in the winter
similar to the cases of the hang-worm before mentioned.
Others might be destroyed to th.e best advantage in the cater-
pillar state, especially when they congregate together at cer-
tain times of the day in their web, and only come out at other
stated times to devour the foliage ; others in the chrysalis state,
as the before-mentioned parsnip-worm ; but yet it is in the
perfect state that we can hope to attack them to the best
advantage, as with one perfect female in spring all her future
progeny for that year are destroyed.

Lights have been used to attract insects with much advan-

58

tage ; one was used by a horticultural friend last year. This
insect trap (for it is nothing else) is formed like a large box-
lantern, only, instead of only one glass forming a side, two
glasses are used, which slope inward to an angle towards a
light placed in the interior. These two glasses are left open
an inch or more in the centre, as the case may be, and can
be slid more or less in and out by means of proper grooves.
The insect, seeing the light, approaches the glass, and, follow-
ing the angle, it enters the opening, and, dazzled by the light,
is incapable of finding the small place where it entered, and
either burns its wings against the glass tube which protects the
lamp or is precipitated into a vessel underneath filled with
some glutinous liquid, in which, incapable of using its wings
from the adhesive nature of the compound, it must finally
perish. Thousands of the small-vine hoppers, night-flying
moths, and beetles were thus destroyed. Several planters
South prescribe the burning of fires of fat pine wood on the
appearance of the ball-worm or caterpillar-moths, as these
insects are attracted by the lights and destroyed by the flame.
Indeed, it is oaly by the instincts of insects that they can be
exterminated. Appeal to their antipathies, by putting any
thing they positively dislike in their way, and they will avoid
it ; place any thing they particularly like in the shape of food
and hundreds are attracted ; for instance, the flies and wasps
in casks of sugar. Love itself is used by certain aurelians in
Europe as a means of attracting the unsupicious males of cer-
tain species, as when an unimpregnated female is placed in a
gauze box the males for hundreds of yards around will inva-
riably gather and flock to the place of her imprisonment,
where they are easily captured. It will not be improper to
mention here the result of an experiment instituted by Mr.
Jesse Wood, of Quincy, Florida, and several other tobacco
growers of that neighborhood, to stay .the ravages of the much-
dreaded tobacco worm, which is only the caterpillar state of
the ( Sphynx Carolina) tobacco-fly or horn-blower, as it is most
commonly known by the planter. This insect, when in its
perfect or fly state, is in the habit of frequenting the plants of
the datura stramonium or Jamestown weed, during the evenings

59

for the sake of tlie sweet liquid substance at the bottom of the
tube of the flower, and which is easily extracted from its
receptacle by means of a long flexible proboscis, furnished by
nature to the insect for the purpose. This fact being known
to several intelligent planters, experiments were instituted
which I am assured have proved highly satisfactory.

The Agricultural Department of the Patent Office received
a letter from Mr. Jesse Wood, of Mount Pleasant, near
Quincy, Florida, detailing his experience in this matter. After
mentioning many experiments, he gives the following recipe
for a poisonous composition to be put into the flower : " One
pint of water, one gill of honey, and an ounce of cobalt."
This to be put into a bottle, with a quill through the cork.
The flowers being picked off, (as the composition poisons the
plant,) one drop is put into each blossom, and any fly tasting
of this will be killed before it can deposit eggs." He concludes
by saying that he " considers this discovery of immense value
to the tobacco growers, and, if it should lead to the destruction
of the cotton caterpillar and ball-worm, it will be of incalcula-
ble benefit." Now, what Mr. Wood says in the last part of
his letter is very true, as combined with the former experi-
ments made by Col. Sorsby, of Columbus, Georgia, and re-
ported in the last year's agricultural report of the Patent
Office, where he states that the moth of the ball-worm is
exceedingly fond of molasses and vinegar, which can be placed
in shallow plates on posts throughout the plantation ; and, if
these were poisoned, it might possibly prove the saving of
thousands of bales of cotton annually, although I must confess
that our lively and useful little friend, the honey-bee, might
also be killed by the poison at the same time ; but I think that,
in the case of cotton versus honey, cotton would gain the
verdict. The cotton caterpillar in its moth state will also suck
certain substances with its tongue or proboscis, and it now
only remains to find out what it is particularly fond of as
food, and then discover also some quick and efficient poison.
Several other insects, beetles, night-moths, the cut-worm moths,
and several others, might possibly also be destroyed in a simi-
lar manner if this is found to answer. Last year I made sev-

60

eral experiments with cobalt, strychnine, and arsenic, which
are not of consequence enough to be reported, as, although
several succeeded, I must own others again failed in a most
singular manner. However, as the subject has once been
started, it would be well for several able and scientific men in
different parts of the country to make experiments, and then
report them for the good of their fellow-sufferers.

You will perhaps blame me for having as yet referred prin-
cipally to Southern insects, the reason of which is I have been
detailed two seasons to the South ; one of which was spent in
South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and the second in South
Carolina and Florida ; and the reason why requests were made
to the Hon. Judge Mason, Commissioner of Patents, to have
me sent there, was principally because, whilst the North could
boast of such talented entomologists as Dr. Harris, of Cam-
bridge, Mass., whose valuable work on the insects of New
England injurious to vegetation is deservedly the text-book for
all horticulturists of the North ; Dr. Fitch, of New York,
whose labors are so well known and appreciated ; and many
others, were busy at work on the same subject in the Northern
States, there were comparatively few, if any, on the subject of
agricultural entomology in the South, and it was understood
my services were more wanted there than elsewhere. I will
not refer to the wheat midge, Hessian fly, and other wheat
insects here, as I have seen comparatively very little of them
during the last two seasons ; but would respectfully request to
know how the remedy proposed to this Society for preserva-
tion against the attacks of the curculio of the plum has suc-
ceeded. If I understood aright it was to be reported upon at
this meeting. The black knot on plum trees does, not appear to
be caused by an insect, although some are occasionally found
in them ; and I have heard from several reliable sources that
if the knots are cut cleanly out and then spirits of turpentine
applied to the wounds, they will not re-appear. Would it not
be well to try it at different seasons of the year and report ?
For the best method of destroying those insects whose chrysa-
lids or pupge remain under ground all winter, deep fall ploughing
has been recommended, as they are then more exposed to the

61

frost and attacks of birds. Old stone walls and the usual zig-
zag rail fences serve as harbors of refuge to multitudes of the
insect race during the winter, where, between the interstices
of the stones and under the rotting bark or rotted wood, they
spend the winter sheltered from the cold and icy blast.

In the large spaces also necessarily left between these
zigzag fence rails and the ploughed part, many high weeds and
brambles spring up, which likewise serve as places of conceal-
ment and shelter for insects and vermin, besides rendering the
rest of the field very weedy from the seeds which are neces-
sarily disseminated from this source. Old rotted stumps should
also be removed or burnt, as myriads of insects find snug win-
ter quarters in the crevices and bark, from whence they issue
forth in spring to lay the eggs which produce the million of
caterpillars and grubs that inundate the fields and devour the
autumnal crops. All insects, however, are not prejudicial :
witness some of the lady-bugs, whose whole larva life is de-
voted to devouring and extirpating the plant louse. Ichneu-
mon flies deposit eggs in caterpillars ; these eggs hatch into
grubs, which devour the interior of the caterpillars themselves,
and thus eventually destroy thousands. Many others I might
mention, if I had time, and your patience were not already
somewhat severely taxed. However, I must mention some
insects very valuable in the way of commerce. The cochineal,
a species of coccus, used to produce a splendid scarlet dye,
comes dried in the shape of little grains, and, in 1851, 22,451
cwts. were imported. The cantharis, or blister fly, and many
others might serve as examples.

Insects also act a very important part in the economy of
nature, serving as they do for food for millions of birds and
fish. The Bible says, " all flesh is grass," and true it is, for
take the plant louse, or aphis, whose bloated body appears to
be merely an animated green bladder of the juices of the plant
upon wliich it exists ; this is eaten by the lady-bug, which, in
its turn, becomes the food of some bird or fish, whose flesh
serves to nourish that great omniverous animal, man. Were
there no insects what would become of all the insectivorous
birds, and still more of the fresh-water fish ? An old hen con-

62

fined in a coop with her chickens loose around her will clear
a large space of insects in a short time ; yet a tender spring
chicken is considered a dainty, although a week previously it
may have been rioting on a fare of crickets and caterpillars.
In many tobacco plantations, flocks of turkeys are turned into
the field to eat off the tobacco-worms ; yet what is better than
a good roast turkey ? Nay, in several places, if we are to
believe travellers, men eat insects. A palm tree grub, well
roasted^ is considered a great delicacy in some countries ; in
others, grasshoppers, or rather locusts, are preferred ; but as
this subject is not very pleasant to our tastes, I will pursue it
no further. Insects also act as scavengers in removing decayed
animal substances ; others, again, rotten wood and undecayed
vegetable matter ; in short, this theme might be pursued for-
ever, were we to investigate all the uses which are made of
insects in the economy of nature.

Here, however, let me change the subject, to put in a special
plea for insectivorous birds, which appear to have been sent
to keep the " balance of power " in insect life, which insects
would otherwise multiply to such a degree as to be perfectly
unbearable, and render the agriculturist's toil entirely useless.
A farmer keeps a watch-dog to guard his premises, and cats to
kill rats and mice in his granary and barn ; yet he suffers any
" unfeathered biped " to tear down his fence rails in order to
get a chance shot at any robin, wren, or blue bird which may
be unfortunate enough to be on his premises ; and yet these
very birds do him more good than either dog or cat, working
diligently from morn to dark, killing and destroying insects
injurious to his crops, which, if not thus thinned out, would
eventually multiply to such an extent as to leave him scarcely
any crop whatsoever. Birds are accused of eating cherries
and other fruits. Trae ; but the poor birds merely take a
tythe of the fruit to pay for the tree, which, but for their
unceasing efforts would otherwise probably have been killed
in its infancy. To exemplify the utility of birds I will give
one or two instances that have occurred under my own obser-
vation. Some years ago I took a fancy to keep bees : accord-
ingly hives were procured and books read upon the sub-

63

lect. One day a king bird or bee martin was observed to be
very busy about the hives, apparently snapping up every strag-
gling bee he could find. Indignant at such a breach of hos-
pitality, as his nest was on the premises, I hastened to the
house to procure a gun to shoot the marauder. When I
returned I perceived a grayish bird on the bushy top of a tree,
and, thinking it was the robber, I fired, and down dropped a
poor innocent Phoebe bird. Hoping to find some consolation
to my conscience for having committed this most foul murder,
I inwardly accused the poor little Phoebe of having also killed
the bees ; and, having determined to ascertain the fact by
dissecting the bird, it was opened, when, much to my regret
and astonishment, it was found to be full of the striped cucum-
ber bugs, and not one single bee. Here I had killed the very
bird which had been working for me the whole season, and
perfectly innocent of the crime for which it was sacrificed.
After this circumstance I determined never to let a gun be
fired on the premises, excepting on special occasions ; and at
present the place is perfectly crowded during spring, summer,
and autumn with the feathered songsters, which build their
nests even in my very porch and bring up their young perfectly
fearless of mankind ; and although cherries, strawberries, &c.
do suffer, yet the insects are not a quarter as numerous and
troublesome as they were formerly.

In the Southern States I have seen a bee martin chase and
capture a ball-worm moth not ten paces from where I stood,
and the mocking bird feeding its nearly-grown young on the
same insect. Even the ugly toad works for the gardener, as
his food consists of insects more or less injurious. The beau-
tiful and lively green and grey lizards of the Southern States,
which are seen running on the fence rail or amidst the green
foliage of trees, shrubs and bushes, and from which they can
scarcely be distinguished except when in motion, are ever on
the watch for insect prey ; and I know of one curious case in
which even the mice in a greenhouse were of service, for they
had rooted up the earth round several potted peach trees in
order to devour the chrysalis of the peach tree borer.

As I fear I have already trespassed too much upon you

64

time and good nature, I will now, in conclusion, merely observe
that if the practical farmer will only note down precisely the
transformation of insects, their first appearance and habits,
and make them known to the public through the medium of
soom good agricultural work, he will be doing more good to
present and future agriculture than he imagines, as it is from
practical men we want facts, and not theories which may be
better studied in the parlor than in the field. The regular
scientific entomologist studies insects merely as insects belong-
ing to such an ocder, family, or genus, and as insects alone.
The Antennce, Tarsi, Palpi, &c. must all be subjected to the
closest microscopic investigation. But, as the farmer or agri-
cultural entomologist cannot devote his time to all this, except
in winter, he would be much more usefully employed in study-
ing their habits and transformations out of doors in the field,
orchard, or garden, and last, though not least, in finding out
the proper remedies against their ravages. He can preserve
many insects in spirits of wine, and if he wishes the scientific
name he can send them to any regular scientific entomologist,
who no doubt will be happy to afford him the required informa-
tion. Thus it is, the one helps the other, and if all unite, the
result cannot fail eventually to prove highly satifactory.

G. W. P. CusTis, Esq., moved the thanks of the Society to
Mr. Glover, accompanied with a request that he would furnish
a copy of his valuable paper for publication among the trans-
actions of the Society.

Horace GpwEeley, Esq., seconded the motion, and testified
to the value of birds in protecting the crops from the ravages
of insects.

Whereupon the Society adjourned to meet on Friday at 10
o'clock, A. M.

65

THIRD DAY.

The Society met at 10 A. M. on Friday, at the Smithsonian
Institute.

LECTURE BY PROF. HENRY.

Prof. Henry read an interesting paper on the " Origin and
Action of Power as applied to the Vegetable Kingdom."

,Mr. Calvert pronounced an eloquent encomium upon the
high scientific and practical value of the paper read by Prof.
Henry, and moved that the thanks of the Society be tendered
to him, together with a request that a copy be published in the
transactions of the Society ; which motion was adopted.

The Secretary applied to Prof. Henry for a copy of his re-
marks, but up to the time of going to press with the transac-
tions the Professor had been unable to forward them. If
received they will be inserted in another part of the Journal.

ELECTION OF OFFICERS.

Col. KiJiMEL, Chairman of the Committee on that subject,
reported the following nominations for officers for the ensuing
year :

For Presidf.nt. — ^IVIarshall P. Wilder, of Mass.

For Vice Presidents. — J. D. Lang, Maine ; H. F. French, New Hamp-
shire. ; F. Holbrook, Vermont ; Simon Brown, Massachu'^etts ; Joseph T.
Cooke, Rhode Island; John A. Rockwell, Connecticut; I'r. J. P. Beekman,,
New York ; Geo, Vail, New Jersey ; S. T. Shugert, Pennsylvania ; J. TV".
Thompson, Delaware; A. KimmEl, Maryland; G. W. P. Custis, Virginia; H.
K. Burgwyn, North Carolina ; R. F. W, Alston, South Carolim ; R. Peters^
Georgia; C. C. Clay, jr., Alabama ; J. Perkins, jr., Louisiana ; J. T Worthing-
ton, Ohio; W. L. UnderAvood, Kentucky; John Bell, Tennessee; Joseph A.
Wright, Indiana ; J. A. Kinnicott, Illinois; Thomas Allen, Mississippi; R.
Beebee, Arkansas; J. C. Holmes, Michigan; D. L. Yulee, Florida; T.J.
Rusk, Texas ; J. W. Grimes, Iowa; P. Ord, Cal'fornia ; W. W. Corcoran, Dis-
trict of Columbia ; J. M. Gallegos, New l\lcAi?o ; H. H. Sibley, Minnesota ; P.
W. Gillett, Oregon ; C. Lancaster, Washington Territory; E. Hunter, Ulahj
Bird B. Chapmm, Nebraska.

5

66

Executive Committee. — J. A. King, New York ; A. L. El\\7n, Pennsyl-
vania; D. Jay Browne, District of Columbia; W H. H. Taylor, Ohio; 11. P.
Waters, Massachusetts.

Secretaky. — William S. King, Massachusetts.
Treasurer. — B. B. French, District of Columbia.

The Society then went into an election of officers, Marshall
P. WiLDEK, of Massachusetts, being unanimously elected Pre-
sident upon the first vote.

On motion, the list of nominations was read over, receiving
the silent assent of the Society until the name of S. T. Shu-
GERT appeared as the nominee for Vice President for Pennsyl-
vania, when.

C. B. Calvert, Esq., rose to object. The name of Mr.
Shugert had been substituted for that of a substantial Penn-
sylvania farmer, who had always done all in his power to
advance the interests of the Society, and from whom tele-
graphic despatches had that morning been received saying that
he was snowed up upon the other side of the Susquehanna, and
was only waiting for travel to be opened to be present at the
meeting ; therefore he hoped that the name of Isaac Newton
would be placed on the list as the nominee for Yice President
from Pennsylvania.

Col. KiMMEL, Chairman of the Committee on Nominations,
explained that while Mr. Nevrton was an excellent member of
the Society, the Committee thought that Mr. Shugert could do
more to advance its interests, as he was an officer of the
Government, and his official influence in favor of the Society
would be of great assistance.

Mr. Calvert would object to making any man an officer of
the Society because he was a Government officer. He thought
the test should be the other way, and tliat men should be soimd
in opinion on agricultural interests before they were placed in
office. He contended that the Society should not undertake to
obtain influence in the Government by underhanded means, but
that whatever was wilnted of Government should be asked for
at the ballot-box. The farmers must go before the people for
their rights. Political economy must be discussed from place

67

to place as well as any other political subjects, if agriculture
ever receives proper attention at the hand of Government. It
must be shown to the people that the prosperity of the coun-
try is dependent upon the prosperity of agriculture, and that
our present prosperity, both financial and civil, is the result of
the great harvests of the past year. He would not have agri-
culturists seeking office, or seeking to make Government offi-
cials their officers, but he would have them establish a platform
upon which all persons seeking office should stand, and the
greatest question should be whether they would advance agri-
culture if they obtained the suifrages of the farmer. When a
Cabinet minister represents agriculture, the farmer will be
appreciated by the Government, and proper steps will be taken
to advance his noble calling by all the means possible ; but,
until such a platform is formed and such a representative takes
his seat in the Cabinet, the hope the farmer cherishes that the
Government will regard agriculture as its chief bulwark and
cherish its advance accordingly, is fallacious. But all this
could be brought about by the farmer if he would properly and
honorably exert himself. Agriculture should receive more
attention at the hands of Government, but the Society should
not stoop to dishonorable and underhanded means to bring the
great subject into notice. He hoped that Mr. Shugert's being
a Government officer, instead of being a reason for his election
as a Vice President of the Society, would be a reason against
such a procedure.

B. B. French, Esq., said that Mr. Shugert was a resident of
the District, and that his office as chief clerk of the Patent
Office confined him to the District entirely, with the exception
of short visits to Pennsylvania during the suiomer. He thought
there would be more propriety in making the gentleman Vice
President from the District of Columbia than Pennsylvania.

John Jones, Esq., of Delaware, endorsed the remarks of
Mr. Calvert against attempting to obtain influence with the
Government by electing its officers to honorary places, and
closed with demanding a vote on the subject to see if the Sor
cicty wished to place itself in tliis position. "Whereupon,

68

On motion, it was decided by a large vote that Isaac Newton
should be the nominee for Vice President from Pennsylvania.

The remainder of the list of nominees reported by the com-
mittee were dnly elected as officers of the Society for the
coming year.

VOTE OF THANKS TO THE PRESIDENT.

Gen. J. T. Worthington submitted the following resolution *

Rfsolverl, That the members of this Society return to our worthy President
our heartfelt thanks for the great ability and indefatigable zeal and kindly
courtesy with which he has discharged the very laborious duties of his office*
and also for j ielding his wishes to ours in consenting to retain his position.

Mr. PooRE seconded the resolutions. He congratulated the
Society on the prospect of again having the services of Mr.
Wilder as President. No man had done more for the Society.
The great Boston exhibition, which has been compared to the
ancient Olympic games in point of splendor, would have proved
a failure had it not been for his indefatigable efforts. He
unaided, had raised a contingent fund of ^20,000 among the
Boston merchants to guarantee the Society against loss in
giving the exhibition ; and when every one else was discouraged
by the storm that was almost overwhelming in eJQfects to the
exhibition he had reinspired every one with courage, urged
them to persevere in their efforts, and kept every one at their
posts, so that the evil feared was averted. The Society was
especially happy in retaining Mr. Wilder at its head, as the
time for the exhibition of Philadelphia was approaching, and
the very name of their President was a prestige of success.
Tie resolution was then passed unanimously. ^
The President arose, and, in a short spetjch, thanked the So-
ciety for this renewed mark of their confidence in him. He
had come to this meeting with a determination to retire from
the high place in which the Society had placed him ; but when
he was so strongly solicited by the nominating committee, who
used such urgent reasons, even declaring that duty to the So-
ciety required his attention to her chief interest, he had finally
consented to allow his name to be brought before the Society

69

again as a candidate for its presidency. He regarded this
renewed mark of tbeir esteem with the most grateful senti-
ments, feeling more honored than by the highest political pre-
ferment that could be bestowed, and he assured the Society that
nothing should be wanting on his part to continue the great
confidence they had shown in placing him in the highest office
in their gift.

Dr. John D. Easter, of Baltimore, read the following paper
upon

" THE TKUE VALUE OP CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SOILS."

It is not long since the practical farmer sneeringly derided
the value of book-learning and stubbornly resisted the inter-
ference of scientific men, in what he considered a purely prac-
tical business. But that feeling seems to have passed away,
and even those who still refuse to acknowledge the value of
scientific researches upon the composition of the soil, and its
relation to the functions of vegetation, are not slow to avail
themselves of the benefits which others have derived from
them. Indeed, we have reason to fear that scientific supersti-
tion has taken the place of scientific incredulity, and the farmer
now expects as much too mnch from chemistry, as he formerly
expected too little. The result of these overwrought expecta-
tions is, naturally, disappointment, and the deluded farmer
throws the blame of his failure on science, and is more than
ever determined to adhere to his old ways.

I propose, in this paper, to consider the true use of chemical
analysis of soils, and some of the requisites of a valuable
analysis.

As it is from the soil that plants derive the principal part of
their constituent elements, the presence in the soil of these
elements, in forms in which they may be absorbed by the root-
lets of the plants and assimilated in their cells, is indispensable
to their perfect growth. Where the want of fertility arises
from the absence of one or more of these constituents, or to
their being locked up in combinations in which plants cannot
use them, chemical analysis is perfectly competent to detect the
cause of the evil and point out its remedy.

70

But tlie growth of plants is influenced by a multitude of
other circumstances to which chemical anah^sis can furnish no
clue. A soil may abound in all the elements of a very fertile
one, and yet be perfectly barren. The soil of the great Colo-
rado desert in California, which I have recently analysed, fur-
nishes a good example of this. It possesses in abundance
every element necessary to extreme fertility, but is entirely
barren from the want of water.

The reverse of this also frequently occurs. The chemist
receives a specimen of soil, in the chemical constitution of
which he can detect no deficiency, and, in his laboratory, he
can assign no cause for its alleged unproductivenees. An
examination of the locality probably shows him that it is under-
laid by a stiff tenacious subsoil, which retains an excess of
water, and no provision has been made for drainage.

The difference in the mechanical texture of stiff and loose
Boils is familiar to every one. The fertility of many stiff clays
may be seriously impaired by ploughing too wet, rendering
them tough and impenetrable to the tender rootlets of plants.
In this case, as no chemical change takes place, the chemist, in
his laboratory would seek in vain for the cause of the difficulty.

Every attempt to improve the character of a soil must tliere-
fore be preceded by a judicious consideration of its mechanical
texture, its power of absorbing and retaining water, and its
capacity for heat. Hence it is important that the agricultural
chemist should, if possible, himself examine the locality, in
order fully to estimate the wants of the soil. The employment
by every State, of an agricultural chemisf, who should visit in
person every part of the State, is therefore strongly to be
recommended.

In the next place it is requisite that an analysis of the soil,
in order to be of much value, should be thorough. It must
include separate estimations of the parts soluble in water and
in acids, and the insoluble portion. For the portion soluble in
water represents what is available for the wants of the growing
crop, while the portion soluble in dilute acids is the index of
what may by decomposition become the food of plants. This
undecomposed portion of the soil may often, by the application

n

of lime, ashes, and other caustic manures, be more speedily
decomposed and rendered available.

The analysis should include also, if possible, the sub-soil, as
well as the surface soil, in order to guide the farmer in the
process of deepening his soil. There are, of late, many advo-
cates of indiscriminate deep-plowing. But a fertile soil may
be underlaid by a barren subsoil, by throwing up large quanti-
ties of which the fertility of a field may be destroyed for years.
The subsoil, not unfrequently, contains large quantities of pro-
toxide of iron and other substances which are injurious to vege-
tation until they have been subjected to the action of the
atmosphere. On the other hand, the subsoil often contains
elements of fertility which are not so abundant in the surface
soil, in which case, deep plowing will improve both. It is
important that the agriculturist should know these differences
in order that he may know where he should plough deep, and
where refrain.

A still more important consideration is, that no analysis can
be of any value to the farmer who is not himself a chemist,
unless it be accompanied by a discussion of the indications it
affords, and a recommendation of suitable means of improve-
ment. Oar agricultural journals and reports abound in analyses
which are about as intelligible to the unscientific farmer as the
inscriptions on the pyramids, or a chapter from La Place's
Mechanique Celeste. Most of our intelligent farmers know
that lime, phosphoric acid, and the alkalies, play important
parts in the economy of vegetation, but few of them have any
idea how much of each of these valuable ingredients is requisite
to fertility, or what are the best means of supplying their defi-
ciency. Until every farmer is also a chemist, an analysis of a
Boil or manure which is not followed by a commentary on its
defects or virtues, leaves him just where the diagnosis of a
disease, without a prescription for its relief, leaves the patient.
He is no wiser nor better off than before. It will not do to
presume that when the chemist pronounces what a soil con-
tains, the agriculturist will know what it ought to contain,
and how to supply its wants. Every farmer should insist upon
an interpretation of the analysis furnished him by the chemist.

72

In conclusion, I -would call your attention to the duty of the
intelligent agriculturist to acquire a theoretical knowledge of
so much of chemistry as relates to his profession, that he may
be enabled to judge for himself of the value of a substance
from the chemical analysis of it, and also of the probable valuo
of the analysis itself, for at least one half of the analysis which
farmers daily pay for are absolutely unreliable and worthless*
The agriculturist should also be able to judge for himself of
the texture, moisture and color of the soil, and the means with-
in his reach of modifying them. At the same time, I would
by no means advise that he should attempt to become a practi-
cal chemist and do his own chemical analysis, as some persons
of more zeal than judgment, insist he may. I have pointed out
the necessity for thoroughness in chemical examinations of the
soil, and every one who has had only a few months' experience
in a laboratory knows that a thorough analysis of a soil re-
quires much time, great care and dexterity in manipulation,
and a knowledge of all the disturbing influences and sources of
error. This, few farmers have the time or opportunity to ac-
quire, and few would for the sake of making the few chemical
examinations they might in their life-time require, be willing
to devote to the study time which might be so much better
spent in acquiring a practical knowledge of their own noble pro-
fession. Besides this, the expense of fitting up a laboratory
would more than pay for all the analysis any farmer is likely
ever to need. The many formulas which have been proposed
for the use of farmers are therefore of very doubtful utility.
Let every farmer make a laboratory of his barn-yard, and care-
fully collect and employ all the liquid as well as solid manures
within his reach, and if the chemist is not enriched thereby, his
fields will be.

On motion, the thanks of the Society were returned to Dr.
Easter, and he was desired to furnish a copy of the paper for
publication.

On motion, it was ordered that the Secretary request a copy
of the paper which Charles L. Flint, Secretary of the Massachu-
setts Board of Agriculture, had been expected to read on " ag-

73

ricultural implements," but which he had heen prevented from
doing by his detention on his way hither by the snow ; and that
in event of his compliance the paper be published in the tran-
sactions of the Society.

A copy of this paper was duly applied for, but Mr. Flint, for
sufficient reasons, declined to furnish it for publication.

D. Jay Beowne, of the Patent Office, then submitted the fol-
lowing paper on

GUANO.

This subject has become one of great interest to the American
agriculturist. Under proper management it has no superior as
a fertilizer in promoting the growth of grain and grasses ; but
especially is it valuable to the farmer in restoring the produc-
tiveness of exhausted soils.

The quantity of guano imported into this country by the last
annual returns exceeded 200,000 tons. The cost of this arti-
cle to the farmer has now risen to nearly $60 a ton. This high
cost in some sections of the country operates as a prohibition
to its use. It is not right that this should be so. An abundant
supply could be furnished by the Peruvian Islands for the use of
the whole world, at a much reduced rate, if the article was sub-
ject to the rules of trade. Unfortunately, however, the neces-
sities of the Government of Peru has led to the adoption of a
system of management which compels us to pay a heavy tribute
to foreign capitalists, who hold a monopoly of the guano trade-

Under the circumstances it is important t» know that a re-
cent discovery has been made of vast deposites of guano on an
island in the Pacific of a quality believed to be equal to the
best ammoniated Peruvian guano. The island is under the con-
trol of our citizens, it having been discovered by the captain of
an American whaling ship. The Government has deemed this
a subject of sufficient importance to justify an order to the com-
mander of the Pacific squadron to detach one of his vessels to
examine and survey the island and its product of guano, and to
protect the owners in their territorial rights.

A company has been formed in the city of New York to man-
age this enterprise, and an expedition has already been set out»

74

the return of wliich will be looked for witli no little anxiety by
all who feel an interest in the question of agriculture. Should
the expectations of this company as to the quantity and quality
of this guano deposite be realized, they propose to sell it to the
A^merican farmer at the rate of from ^30 to $40 per ton, or at
about two-thirds the present price of Peruvian guano.

With such a reduction in the cost of an article of prime ne
cessity to the cultivators of the soil, we may naturally look for a
vast increase in the production of grain and in the general me-
lioration of the economy of farming.

The subject is one of too much importance to be treated in a
cursory notice of this kind, and is only now alluded to with the
object of calling to it the attention of all persons interested in
the subject of agriculture.

On motion, this paper was ordered to be published in the
transactions of the Society, whose thanks were also tendered to
Mr. Browne.

The following communication was received from Mr. Gar-
nett, of Virginia :

To the Secretary of the Kcdional Agricultural Society ;

Sir : — Enclosed I send you a communication upon the sub-
ject of securing wheat in wet weather, written by me for the
Baltimore Sun, and published in the same on the 29th of De-
cember. Many years ago, when I was President of an Agri-
cultural Society in the city of Norfolk, Ya., I communicated
the facts (stated in the communication which I now send you,)
to the Society over which I then presided. But as they do not
appear to have attracted tlie attention to which, in my opinion,
they are entitled, I forward to you a copy of the article pub-
lished in the Sun, and referred to above, in the hope that the
facts contained in it, may through your Society, be more wide-
ly disseminated, for I feel entire confidence in the method re-
commended, and am persuaded that if it were universally adop-
ted, in continued rains during harvest, that no greater loss
would be sustained, than the sprouted wheat, unavoidal^ly ex-
posed to the weather on the outsides of the shocks of wheat.
Respectfully, your obedient servant,

Wm. Garnett.

75

A CERTAIN METHOD TO SECURE WHEAT IN WET WEATHER.

Having seen from the newspapers, and heard from other
sources, of the losses and damage which happened to the last
wheat crop in this State, from the quantity of rain which fell
during harvest, I am induced to communicate the result of my
experience as to the best method of saving wheat during a con-
tinued spell of rain after wheat cutting has commenced.

About thirty years ago, I lived in Eastern Virginia, in the
county of Essex. At that time, there was the most promising
crop of wheat growing, that I ever remember to have seen but
once before. But, at the beginning of harvest, a rainy epsll set
in, and continued during the whole harvest, and for some days af-
ter the wheat cutting had been finished. The rain fell in tor-
rents, and to the best of my recollection without the interru]>
tion of a single day. Finding that there would be a total loss
of the crop, if permitted to stand in the field, by the advice of
an experienced overseer (for I was then but a young farmer,)
I commenced and continued to cut my wheat, regardless of
rain, and put it up immediately, in cocks of four or five bush-
els, made as sharp as they could be formed, by pressing the wet
straw as closely as it could be squeezed together, and capping
the cocks with a sheaf of wheat. When the wheat was thin,
and too far to carry conveniently, the cocks were made of small-
er size.

Under such circumstances it is best not to tie the wheat in
bundles — the object being to cause the wet straw, to adhere
so closely as to render the wheat cocks perfectly impenetrable
to rain. As soon as the weather cleared ofi", I commenced
hauling my wheat to the barn ; and although the outside of the
shocks were perfectly green with sprouted wheat, much to my
surprise and gratification, I found the inside of the wheat cocks
so perfectly dry, that the dust rose from the inside straw as the
cocks were opened, and the grain was in perfect preservation. It
was evident that the drying process had been going on during
the whole of the rainy spell, doubtless from the internal heat
generating from the wet straw. It is true, that the wheat straw
was somewhat moulded, but it was not so much injured as to

76

present both horses and cattle from eating it readily ; and the
crop was better both as to quality and quantity than I ever af-
terwards made from the same land.

From my own experience, then and since, I feel myself war-
ranted in assuming, that I have never since known a harvest
so wet, as necessarily to occasion any greater loss than the
wheat unavoidably exposed to the weather, on the outside of
the shocks, put up as herein recommended.

Wm. Garnett.

Formerly of Essex Countij, Virginia.
COLZA OIL.

The following communication upon the subject of Colza Oil,
was received from Dr. Ware, of Boston :

During a late tour of a year in Europe, in company with my
friend. Professor Treadwell, of Cambridge, my attention was
frequently directed by him to the comparative qualities of the
various articles employed for procuring light in the different
places we visited. Among those which we noticed, the oil of
the seeds of the Colza seemed preferable to all others, from
the freedom with which it burned, the excellence of its light,
and the small amount of impurities which were deposited on
the wicks. This oil is extensively employed in Paris, and is
now getting into use in London also, where we saw it commonly
advertised as " the French " or "Colza" oil. The plant from
which it is procured has heen extensively cultivated in France,
and still more in Belgium. Great attention has been paid to
its culture, and it has come to be regarded as a branch of
industry of great importance. Several works were found,
enteriuo- into detailed accounts of the mode of raising the
seed, procuring the oil from it, and also the amount and value
of the crops.

While in Paris, we had the good fortune to meet with Mr.
Edward Brooks, of this city, who, during a long residence in
Europe, had made the oil-producing plants the subject of very
particular inquiry. He had possessed himself of a great'
amount of valuable information concerning them, which he

77

most kindly communicated to us. "We found him, as the
result of his investigation, very profoundly impregsed with the
importance of introducing the Colza, and perhaps some of the
other oleaginous plants, into the United States. He had
already caused an experiment to be made on his farm at Med-
ford, Mass., and he suggseted to me the expediency, on my
return home, of making the attempt myself.

With this view, while still abroad, I directed that a small
patch of ground should be sown with Colza seed, upon my
farm in Weston, Mass. This was done early in the month of
May last ; but unfortunately, rape seed had been furnished
instead of that of Colza. On my return home in the middle
of June, the mistake was discovered, but too late for a per-
fectly fair trial. Still a small piece of ground was planted
with seed which I brought from Paris, and the results, so far
as the growth of the plants and the production of seed were
concerned, fully answered, indeed, they exceeded any expecta-
tions I had formed. The lateness of the season prevented the
satisfactory ripening of the crop ; but it was quite evident,
that, had the seed been put into the ground, only a fortnight
earlier, there would have been ample time. A second experi-
ment was made the last season on Mr. Brooks' farm at Med-
ford, and one also, in my neighborhood, by Dr. Edward War-
ren, of Newton Lower Falls ; and the seed being planted ear-
lier in both these cases, a good crop was procured. Imperfect
as all such first experiments must be, the result of these was
such as to encourage the belief that Colza can be cultivated
and ripened in Massachusetts.

Whether this can be done profitably, so as to remunerate
the farmer for his time and labor, and to furnish the oil at a
price which shall enable the producer to compete with other
kinds of oil, is of course another question. This will require
trials to be made, on a larger scale, and with this particular
view. But, the preliminary point being settled, that the seed
can be produced here, there is great encouragement for the
farther prosecution of the inquiry. I hope to be able to do
something towards this, the ensuing season, but it is certainly
very desirable, that the attempt should be made in many

78

places, in different varieties of soil and climate, and by persons
more acquainted with agricultural pursuits.

It must be regarded as almost certain, tliat in some regions)
at least, of our vast country, the Colza may be successfully and
profitably cultivated. The increased and increasing consump-
tion of all kinds of oil, and the groat rise in their price, render
it almost a matter of necessity, that some substitute for those
in use should be found. The perception of this necessity is
most strongly shown, by the variety of imperfect and often
unsafe articles which are constantly pressed upon the public.

I may have trespassed on you, by stating that with which
you and others are already familiar. I shall be excused, how-
ever, when the importance of the subject is considered, and
this, it is hardly possible to exaggerate. It is not easy to see
how a greater material benefit could be conferred on the coun-
try, than to bring about the production, within its limits, of so
indispensable an article of domestic economy, as a good and
safe oil for illumination, abundant :in quantity and at a cheap
rate. I am sir, veiry respectfully,

Your obedient servant,

John Waee.

Hon. M. P. Wilder, &c. &c.

REPORTS ON INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITIES.

The majority of the Committee, to whom was referred the
communication of the " Committee appointed by an Educational
Convention at Springfield, 111., in January, 1855," conveying
"Resolutions of the General Assembly of the State of Illinois,
relative to the establishment of industrial universities, and
for the encouragement of Practical and General Education
among the People," and urging in behalf of the industrial class-
es and the friends of Education throughout the States, the
adoption of some suitable " Resolution to be submitted to Con-
gress soliciting their action," &c., would respectfully

report

Their entire and hearty concurrence in the objects and senti-
ments of said Resolutions, and most cheerfully join them in urg-
ing the following

79

PETITION TO C0NGRES3.

" The United States Agricultural Society -^^ould respeetfull j
petition your honorable body for a grant of Congress Lands to
each State in the Union, to endow therein an Inchistrial Univer-
sity^ for the liberal and practical education of the industrial
classes in their several pursuits and professions in life. Said
grant to be not less in value than five hundred thousand dollars
to each State, and to be held in trust for the above uses accom-
panied by such conditions and restrictions in the terms of the
grant, as shall, in the wisdom of Congress, be needful, in order
to secure this trust forever to the uses aforesaid, and to prevent,
as far as practicable, in all coming time, the possibilities of
such trusts being diverted from their proper object, or made
subservient to any local, partizan, or sectarian end, inconsis-
tent with the appropriate use of such trust."

(Signed,) Joseph Henry.

A. Homer Byington.

MINORITY report OF THE COMMITTEE ON INDUSTRIAL UNlTER-

SITIES.

The undersigned, concurring in the views of the majority of
the Committee, so far as they relate to the importance of estab-
lishing Industrial Universities in the several States, and to the
propriety of such Universities being recommended by this Con-
vention, deems it sufficient, in dissenting from the report of the
majority, to say, that a large number of the States represented
here, do not admit the constitutional power of Congress over
the public lands, in the manner and to the extent which is
claimed, — that the subject is ever one of angry debate and di-
vided sentiment in the country, and that this Society constituted
for the common good of the agriculturists of the whole Un-
ion, ought not to be put in the way of arguing against itself the
prejudices and hostilities of any class or section.

J. D. B. DeBow.

Mr. King, of Massachusetts, moved that all action upon this
subject be laid over until the next annual meeting. In the first

80

place, he remarked, the gentleman who had presented the mi-
nority report, (Mr. DeBow, of Louisiana,) and who would nat-
urally desire to be heard in the matter, was not then present.
In the next place, the session of the Society was nearing its
close ; and sufficient time could not be allowed for the discus-
sion of a subject of so much importance ; and a resolution has-
tily patsod, without consideration, would carry with it no moral
power ; and finally, he objected to the presentation of any pe-
tition to Congress on the part of this body, until the Society
had the spirit and strength efficiently to sustain it. Every pe-
tition, presented by this Society, which is permitted to lie un-
heeded or to be treated with neglect, impairs our influence.
For these reasons it is better that the matter should lie over.
After some discussion, the subject was so disposed of.

VOTE OF THANKS TO REGENTS OF SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.

C. B. Calvert offered the*following resolution, which was
unanimously agreed to :

Resolt-ed, That the thanks of this Society be tendered to the Board of Re-
gents of the Smithsonian Institution for tl.eirlvindness in granting the use of
^ these rooms for its annnal meeting.

RECOMMENDATION OF GLOVER'S MODELS OF FRUIT.

W. S. King, of Massachusetts, submitted the following res-
olution, which was unanimously adopted:

Resolve//, That this Sociely consider that the collection of a complete set of
imperishable fac similes of the various fruits and vegetables of our country as
highly important and desirable for our national agriculture, and we commend
the purchase and completion of the collection of Mr. Towneud Glover, to the
favorable consideration of the Congress of the United'States.

B. P. Poore, of Massachusetts, submitted the following which
was also unanimously adopted :

Resolved, That D. Jay Brown, Esq., of the Patent Office, be requested to
furnish the Executive Committee with a sketch of any operations of the Pa-
tent Ofhce calculated to promote the cause of agriculture.

PRESENTATION OF SPECIMENS OF CORN.

A box containing specimens of all kinds of American corn
on the ear, each ear labelled with the place where it was grown,

81

was presented to the Society from the Agricultural Bureau of
the Patent Office, The members carried away witii them the
whole of it for seed to be used the ensuing year.

On motion, the thanks of the Society were tendered the do-
nors of the corn.

TRIAL OF NATIVE WINES.

The Committee to whom was referred . the consideration of
the box of Native Wines, presented for trial by Nicholas Long-
worth, Esq., of Cincinnati, attended to their arduous duty
with commendable fidelity and despatch.

The box was found to contain samples of Dry Catawba,
Hebermont, Sparkling Catawba and Sparkling Isabella,
all of Mr. Longworth's manufacture. Aided by eminent con-
noiseurs, they faithfully tested every sample presented, with
no superficial examination, but conscientiously going to the
bottom of the matter in every instance. The conclusion
to which they arrived may be summarily expressed as fol-
lows :

Long-worth'' s Dry Catawba ; — a good sound wine.
" Hebermont) — very fair.

" Sparkling Isabella ; — delightful.

" " Cataivba ; — exquisite.

The terms employed may not be the technical style of pro-
fessional tasters, but they express fully the opinions of an im-
partial jury.

The importance of the native wine manufacture, in its bear-
ing on the mercantile and sanitary interests of the country,
ought not to be undervalued, and will be treated of, we hope,
in subsequent pages of this Journal.

address by g. w. p. custis.

Geo. W. p. Custis, the venerable Vice President from Vir-
ginia, was introduced, and delivered the closing address in
his usual eloquent manner. The speech was replete with
historic recollections of the progress of agriculture in this

82

country from the time of the Farmer of Mount Yernon to the
present day, and closed with a farewell to the members of this
Society, whom he might meet no more.
Adjourned sine die.

REPORT OF TRANSACTIONS.

The proceedings of the session were reported for the Nor
tional Intelligencer, by Mr. W. A. B. Johnson, of Washing-
ton, Smithsonian Reporter ; and the Secretary desires to
express his thanks for the assistance afforded by Mr. Johnson's
full and accurate report, in preparing for publication the
preceding official account of the Society's transactions.

EXHIBITION OF 1856.

The Exhibition for the year 1856, will be held at Philadel-
phia, on the 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, and 11th days of Octo-
ber. Premiums to the amount of about $15,000, will be
offered for Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Swine, Poultry, Farm Im-
plements, Grain Crops, Fruits, &c., &c.

FOURTH NATIONAL EXHIBITION

OF THE

Miiitfir ^Mts ^ari cultural ^smb,

AT PHILADELPHIA,

OCTOBER 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th ard 11th. 1856-

The Fourth Annual Exhibition of the United States
Agricultural Society, was held at Powelton (Philadel-
phia,) on Tuesday, Wednesday, Thviisday, Friday and Satur-
day, October 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th and 11th. The gates were
opened for the admission of the public, from 8 A. M., until sun-
down, of each day.

GENERAL ARRANGEMENTS.

At a meeting of the Executive Committee, the following gen-
tlemen were selected to assist in conducting the Exhibition : —

SUPERINTENDENTS.

Of Grounds, &c John Rice.

Of Cattle, Aaron Clement.

Of Horses, Chas. F. Lex.

Of Sheep, Chas. Morrell.

Of Swine, Owen Sheridan.

Of Implements, Dr. Jas. A. M'Croa.

Of Poultry, F. G. Wolbert.

Of Fruit, Robt. Buist.

Of WiKE, Morton McMichael.

Of Farm Produce, Saml. C. Willetts.

Of Forage, David A. Cornog.

Architect,. Jno. M. Gries,

84

CHIEF MARSHAL— Thomas C. James.

Aids.— Thos. Smith,
Jas. G. Smith.
R. B. Price,
A. T. Xewbold,
M. G. Evans,
S. B. Thomas,
John Lardner,
E. M. Hopkins,
J. P. Wilson,
J. I). Sheaft;
John Wagner,
Robt. Thompson,

Aids. — John D, Blio;ht,

T. Wharton Fisher,

E. C. Wharton,
Wm. Camac,
A. W. Negus,
Samiders Lewis,
R. G. Devereaux,

F. S. Lewis,
Saml. Shober,
John Penrose,
Llenry C. Drayton,
H. L. Biddle.

COMMITTEE OF RECEPTION.

Hon. Richird Vaux, Mayor of Philadelphia ; the Vice-Presidents of the
Society ; the Executive Committee ; Dr. A. L. Elwyn, of Penn. ; Ben : P.
Poore, of iVIa.ss.

LOCAL COMMITTEES OF ARRANGEMENTS.

Gen. Robert P.\tterson, Chairman.

On Cattle — General George Cadvvallader, Charles Kelly, General
George M. Keim, Edward Wartman, Aaron Clement, Hon. F. W atts,
Edwin Moore.

On Horse.i — Charles F. Lex, Charles Lloyd, Dennis Kelly, M. Trein-
er, Owen Jopes, Thos. S. R. Fassett. John Lardner, James AL HammiU.

On Sheep and Swine — Aaron Clement, John Gross, Joshua Eyre,
Owen Sheridan, George Pepper Norris.

On Grounds and Buildings — John Rice, David Landreth, C. W.
Hari'ison, Dr. A. L. Elwvii, Aaron Clement, John M'Gowan, J. E.
Mitchell, Saral. Williams, "C. F. Lex, Wister Morris. H. L. Twaddell.

On Railroads — A. S. Roberts. T. T. Firth, James G. Smith, Edward
Smith, Gustavus Logan, R. S. Field.

On Banquet — Samuel V. Merrick, Morton M'Michael, P. C. EUmaker,
Robert Cornelius, Clayton B. Lamb.

On Finance — David S. Brown, John Grigg, Thomas AlJibone, George
H. Stuart, Joseph B. Myers.

On Police — Thomas Smith, Harry Conrad, John R. Penrose, P. C.
EUmaker, Captain Thomas C. James.

On Implements — Dr. James A. M'Crea, Isaac Pearson, John C. Cres-
$oa, John P. Verree, David George.

85

On Poultry— k. T. Newbold, William (t. Warder, Paschall Morri?,
Joseph Harrison, F. G. Wolbei't, David Taggart, W. A. Bal', Dr. C.
Crabb.

On Farm Produce— C W. ITarrison, S. C. Willelts, William Stavely,
John George. Craig Biddle, George Blight.

On F/k//— Robert Buist, J. L. Darlington, J. F. Knorr, J. D>
Fulton, E. W. Keyser.

On Wine — ^Morton M'Michael, Sidney Georire Fisher, Dr. A. L. Ken-
nedy, A.J. Antelo, G. B. Presbury, Thomas P. Remington.

On Correspondence and Invitaliomi — Dr. A. L. Elwyn, Col. VViHiam
C. Patterson, S. A. Mercer, Joseph Patterson, Harry IngersoU.

On Printing and Publication — P. R. Freas, Jesper Harding, Harry-
Conrad, William C. Ludwig, William P. Tathem.

Executive Committee — David Landreth, Gen. George Cadwallader, C.
F. Lex, Aaron Clement, John Rice, D. S. Brown, S. V. Merrick, Dr. A.
L. Elwyn, Dr. J. A. M'Crea, C. W. Harrison, A. S. Rolxrts, R. Buist,
Morton M'Michael, P. R. Freas, A. T. Nevvbold, Thomas Smith.

Commissioners on Railroad Transportation — John Edgar Thompson,
for the Western roads ; S. M. Felton, for tlie Sonthward ; William D.
Lewis, for the North-Westward ; William H. Gatzmer, for the North-
Eastward ; J. Butterfield, Utiea, for Western New Y. rk and Canada
roads ; and Genery Twitchell, Boston, for the Eastern roads.

,'issi^tant Secretary — John McGowan.

Assistant Treasurer — C. W. Harrison.

The following regulations were also adopted : —

The Marshals and the Superintendents of the various classes
will meet at the President's Marquee, at 8 o'clock A. M., on Tues-
day, 7th., to perfect arrangements for the day.

The Superintendents are required to take particular charge of
all matters in their respective departments, and see that they are
properly arranged, for easy approach and examination.

A Superintendent will accompany each set of Judges, and point
out the different animals and articles to be exhibited. They will
also see that horses and cattle are provided with halters, by their
owners, and suitably arranged for exhibition each day.

THE JUDGES.

The Judges are requested to report themselves at the business
office of the Secretary, on the grounds, where cards of admission
etc., etc., will be furnished to them.

Vacancies will be filled by the Executive Committee, at the
President's quarters, on Tuesday, at % A. M., when the books of
entries will be delivered.

86

The Judges, Marshals, Superintendents, and Invited Guests
will dine with the Officers of the Society, daily, at 1 o'clock. To
prevent mistake or confusion, they are requested to procure din-
ner tickets, daily, at the office near the dining hall.

The Judges will, at their discretion, appoint a tinne for the ex-
amination of animals in their stalls, of which due notice will be
given, tlirough the Superintendents, to exhibitors ; the exhibition
in the cattle rings or on the track, will take place punctually at the
hours hereinafter specified.

The Judges will report not only the animals and articles entitled
to premiums, but also those next in merit, in each class, to meet the
contingency of any objection which may arise to the awards, and
also that they may receive suitable commendation. Any animal
or article which, in the oi)iuion of the Judges, deserves a special
commendation, will be so reported to the Executive Committee.

Regard will be had to the purity of blood, as established by
pedigree, symmetry, size, and general characteristics of the several
breeds of animals ; and the Judges will make proper allowance for
age, feeding, and other circumstances. T/iey are expressly re-
quired not to give encoicrar/e7nent to ocer-fed animals in the breeding
classes.

If not satisfied as to the regularity of the entries in their respec-
tive classes, they will apply to the Secretary for information ; and
should there still be any doubt, after examination ; or, if any ani-
mal or article is of such a character as not to be entitled to exhi-
bition in competition, they will report the facts to the Secretary,
for the consideration of the Executive Committee, that such course
may be adopted as the case may require.

No person who is an exhibitor can act as Judge on the class in
which he exhibits. And, during the examinations of the Judges
if any person interferes with them, by letter or otherwise, he will
be excluded from the competition. But exhibitors, when re-
quested, are expected to make verbal or written statements con-
cerning their contributions.

As one great object of the Society is to collect valuable infor-
mation upon the subject-matter of the exhibition, the several com-
mittees are requested to gather all the information possible from

87

exhibitors in their classes, and to make their reports as full as
time and cirouinstances will permit.

When animals or articles are not deemed worthy of a premium,
the judges will, in all cases withhold it. An animal or article
entered for exhibition in one class cannot compete for premium in
any other; but cattle in other classes are not prohibited from com-
peting for the Herd Premium or as County Teams ; nor stallions
entered for exhibition from competing for premiums for speed.

The Reports of the Judges, (except on the trial of horses, on
Friday and Saturday mornings,) must be handed to the Secretary,
on Friday morning, at 10 o'clock.

Notice of intention to enter live stock, and all other contribu-
tions, must be sent to the Secretary on or before October 1st,
that proper arrangements may be made for their accommodation.
Letters may be addressed to the Secretary at Boston, or to the
Assistant Secretary at Philadelphia.

The awards will be announced at the Banquet, on Friday after-
noon ; and Judges are requested not to declare their decisions pre-
viously, except on the trials of speed.

The Reports of Judges will be published in the Journal of the
United States Agricultural Society, which is furnished to Life
Members of the Society, without other expense than postage.

EXHIBITORS.

Entries of stock &;c., may be made at the office of the Secretary
on the grounds, until 9 o'clock, A. M., on Tuesday, when the books
will be closed.

The exhibition of stock in the rings and on the track will take
plnce precisfli/ at the times specified, in the subjoined arrangement;
and animals not prepared at the proper time and place, may, at
the discretion of the Judges, be ruled out of competition.

Stock, &c., will be marked with cards furnished by the Secretary,
designating the class and No. of entry ; and during the exhibitioil
they must bo placed entirely under the management of the officers
of the Society.

Authentic pedigrees of Blood Stock of all kinds will be re-
quired.

No liorse will be allowed a premium unless he is sound.

Arrangements will be made for the trial of draught horses and
oxen, by testing their strength, docility, etc., at a load.

A track for the trial of horses has been prepared, and commo-
dious seats for spectators will be furnished at a small charge.

For any exhibitoi's who may wish to dispose of their stock, the
services of an auctioneer have been secured, and tlie use of the
grounds given for Saturday, at 2 o'clock, P. M., and the Secre-
tary will give notice of such sale if early entry is made with him
to that effect.

The Executive Committee will take every possible precaution for
the safe keeping of stock, &c., on Exhibition, after its arrival and
arrang(!ment upon the grounds, but will not be responsible for any
damage that may occur. They desire exhibitors to give personal
attention to their animals and articles, and at the close of the Fair,
to attend to their removal.

Exhibitors must see to the delivery of their contribtutions upon
the Show grounds ; and the Society cannot, in any case, make pro-
vision for their transportation, or be subjected to any expense there-
for, either in their delivery at or return from the grounds ; but all
the expenses connected therewith must, as heretofore, be provided
for by the exhibitors.

For the convenience of exhibitors, stalls will be provided for
the stock ; and forage, consisting of hay (and straw for litter,)
with water, will be supplied without cliarge ; so that animals,
on their arrival, may be driven to the Show Grounds, and
need not be removed till the Exhibition is closed. Grain f.r
stock will also be upon the Ground, and will be furnislied to those
who desire it, at the mai'ket price.

In Class V. (Poultry), it is expected that every trio will con-
sist of a cock and two hens. The coops of all specimens must be
labelled with what the exhibitor believes to be the true name. P^x-
liibitors are expected to furnish their own cages ; but no rough or
clumsy ones will be admitted. All cages should be made light
and tasteful, and as small as convenient. For the sake of uni-
formity, it is recommended that they be made of .'i-4 inch stuff, and
be 36 inches in length, 28 inches high, and 24 inches deep, with
wire fronts.

89

Claimants for premiums on Grain and Root crops are required
to furnish to the Secretary in writing, on or before the first day of"
the Exliibition, a statement of the following particulars: A de-
scription of the soil ; the value of the land ; the amount of taxes ;
the value and the kind of manure used; the expense of preparing
the ground, and sowing or planting; of cultivating and harvesting
the crop ; and the total value of the crop raised ; that at a glance,
the net profit of the production may be seen.

EAILROAD ARRANGEMENT.

Favorable arrangements will be effected with the various rail-
roads, for the transportation of stock and articles intended for
exhibition.

PRICES OF ADMISSION.

The charges for admission to the grounds, will be as follows :

Single admission to the grounds, - . - - 25
No Season Tickets will be issued.

Members of the Society, . . . _ . Free.

Admittance to the stand an extra charge of - - - 25

Tickets to the Banquet, - - - - - 1 00

Fees for Annual i\Iembership, - - - - 2 00

do Life do - - 10 00

ENTRANCE FEES FOR STOCK.

The Entrance Fees for Stock, (except Trotting Horses,) will be :

For competition for premiums of $200, and over, - - $10 00

'■ " " $100, and under $200, - 5 00

•' " " under $100, - - 3 00

•' " '• for Shee]) and Swine, - - 1 50

" " " for Poultry (per coop.) 50

Horses competing for premiums for speed amounting to $200, - 20 00

PREMIUMS.

Premiums will not be paid on animals or articles removed from
the exhibition, unless such removal has the special approval of the
Executive Committee ; and premiums not claimed within thirty
days after the award, will be considered as forfeited.

The Treasurer will pay premiums at the business office, on the
ground, during the last day, and at the office of the Society, dur-

90 •

ing the week following ; or will forward any premium not so
paid, in such manner as the person entitled to the same may
direct.

The fees of Annual Members of the Society, are two
dollars a year. The payment of ten dollars constitutes a Life
Member.

One Thousand Dollars have been set apart by the Exec-
utive Committee, to be awarded in Discretionary Premiums,
should objects of special interest, not provided for in any of the
classes be presented.

GUESTS.

The Invited Guests of the Society will please report themselves
on their arrival, at the President's Marquee ; where the Committee
of Reception will be in session, and will extend to them every
attention.

For the greater convenience of editors and rej)orters for the
press, a tent has been specially set apart for their use, and every
facility will be afforded them to obtain and transmit information.
A Comm.ittee of Reception, from the Philadelphia press, will re-
<-eIve their brethren from abroad, on the field, and further the pur-
poses of their coming. They are requested to announce themselves
on arrival, and to present their names or credentials at the Secre-
tary's office, on the grounds, when they will be furnished with cardu
of admission, etc., etc.

REFRESHMENTS.

Refreshments for visitors will be furnished on the field, at a
moderate charge.

A Saloon for Ladies is arranged with a drawing room
for their accommodation, with female attendants. Ices, Oyster?,
Coffee, etc., etc., will be supplied by a competent confectioner.

91

DESCRIPTION OF THE GROUNDS, &c.*

The entire area of ground enclosed for the Exhibition is forty
acres, to which there are twenty entrances, each entrance having
a register to record the number of visitors that enter daily.

There have been erected twelve hundred stalls, of which 750
are for cattle, 300 for horses, and 150 for sheep and swine. The
staging for the accommodation of the spectators is constructed in
the most substantial manner, containing eight rows of seats, each
one thousand feet in length, and capable of seating at one time
six thousand persons.

The place is amply supplied with water by means of 2000
feet of water pipes laid from Market street, and an immense iron
fountain has been erected in the rear of the stand of the visitors.

On the north of the ground a deep gully has been overcome by
a bridge sixty feet long and twenty-five feet wide. The carriage
road, which is more than a mile in circumference, has been laid
out with much care, and affords an opportunity to every one to
view everything in the exhibition.

Approaching the grounds from the North or the South, the most
conspicuous objects are the ornamental gateways at eitlier end.
These structures, although temporary, are substantially constructed
and finished with much architectural taste. They consist of a
central archway, flanked with towers, and ornamented with differ-
ent devices.

The track for the trial of horses, which proves a most interest-
ing feature of the Exhibition, is perfectly level, and has been com-
pleted at a cost of $1200. It is forty feet in width, and is exactly
half a mile in length.

Upon the green sward inside the track, the tasteful stand
for the judges is erected, and here the marquee of the President
of the Society, the tents of other ofiieers, and the canva-; sanctf m
for the use of the Reporters of the Press, are pitched. Here, also,
is the huge tent in which the grand banquet, on the last day of the
Exhibition, is to take place. East of the track are the tents ap-

* For the descriptions of the grounds and exhibition, the Secretary acknowl-
edges his obligations to the excellent reporters for the North American and the
Bullttin.

92

propriated to the display of agricultural implements, the coops of
the poultry, and the cages of the birds, which form a distinctive
feature of the exhibition. Here, too, are portable steam engines,
puffing and screaming ; windmills are in operation, and various
agricultural machines are creating a very considerable clattering.
The view in this direction is most striking. Still farther East
than the objects we have attempted to describe, the Schuylkill
sweeps along with its commerce of " black diamonds," and yet far-
ther in the same direction, the city itself is seen.

Back of the stand there is a large pavillion, which is appropri-
ated to the display of choice fruits. Another tent is occupied with
the horticultural department.

A prominent object of this part of the scene is a towering pole
which stands in the centre of the plat inside the track. A large
flag floats from its summit, and the bunting bears the following in-
scription : " United States Agricultural Society."

We will now turn about and take a glance westward. Our eye
first lights upon an elegant iron fountain from the foundry of Mr.
Robert Wood, which sends the pure element high up into the air
to fall again in glittering spray. Upon either side of this refresh-
ing object are the immense tents in which Col. R. B. Jones feeds
the hungry multitude who will visit the Fair. The caterer has
made copious preparations for satit^fying the wants of all comers.
Back of these monster tents come the stalls and sheds for
sheep, swine and cattle. These animals are all classified, and we
accordingly see such inscriptions as the following placed conspicu-
ously upon the different departments : " Durhams," "Ayrshires,"
" Devons," " Herefords," " Grade Cows," " Oxen," " Fat Cattle,"
" Silesians," " Middle Wooled," " Long Wooled," " Spanish Meri-
nos," " French Merinos," &c., &c.

Back of all these objects runs the track of the great iron link
between Philadelphia and the West. Here, almost constantly, lo-
comotives are flashing by with long trains of humanity, or of val-
uable merchandize behind them. These evidences of wealth and
active trade contrast finely with the great fields beyond, and make
up a fitting back-ground to the scene presented by the great Na-
tional Agricultural Exhibition.

SCHEDULE OF PREMICMS.

Premiums will be paid in silver plate or money, at the option
of successful competitoi's, who must become members of the So-
ciety.

CLASS I. CATTLE.

No. 1. — SiVEEPSTAKES PREMIUM.

For the Best Herd, (a bull and four cows or heifers of any age,)
of any breed, belonging to one person, a Sweepstakes Pre-
mium of . - - . - $200

No. 2.— THE HERD PREMIUMS.

For Best Durham Bull and four Cows, or Heifers of any age, be-
longing to any one person, - - - $100
Next best, _ _ - . - Diploma.

For best Devon Bull and four Cows, or Heifers, belonging tc any

one person, - - - - - $100

Next best, _ _ - - - Diploma.

For best Ayrshire Bull and four Cows, or Heifers, belonging to

any one person, - - - - SI 00

Next best, . _ _ . - Diploma.

For Best Hereford Bull and four Cows, or Heifers, belonging to

any one person, - - - - $100

Next best, _ _ > _ _ Diploma.

For best Jersey (Alderney) Bull and four Cows, or Heifers, be-
longing to any one person, ... $100.
Next best, . . _ . _ Diploma.

94

For best four Cows, or Heifers, (nof full blood,) belonging to any

one person, - - . - - $50

Next best, ... - - Diploma.

No. 3.— DURHAM BULLS.

Three years old and upwards, 1st premium, $100

do. • do. 2d do. 50

Two years old and under three years, 1st premium, $50

do. do. 2d do. 25

One year old and under two years, 1st premium $20

do. do. 2d do. 10

DURHAM COWS AND HEIFERS.

Three years old and upwards, 1st premium, $100

do. do. 2d do. 50

Two years old and under three years, 1st premium, $50

do. do. 2d do. 25

One year old and under two years, 1st premium, $20

do. do. 2d do. 10

No. 4.— DEVON BULLS.

Three years old and upwards, 1st premium, $100

do. do. 2d do. 50

Two years old and under three years, 1st premium, $50

do. do. 2d do 25

One year old and under two years, 1st premium, $20

do. do. 2d do, 10

DEVON cows AND HEIFERS.

Tliree years old and upwards, 1st premium, $100

do do. 2d do. 50

Two years old and under three years, 1st premium, $50

do. do. 2d do. 25

One year old and under two years, 1st premium, $25

do. do. 2d do. 10

95

No. 5.— AYRSHIRE BULLS.

Three years old and upwards,

1st premium,

$100

do. do.

2d do.

50

Two years old and under three years,

1st premium.

$50

do. do.

2d do.

25

One year old and under two years,

1st premium.

$20

do. do.

2d do.

10

AYRSHIRE cows ANE

> HEIFERS.

Three years old and upwards,

1st premium.

$100

do. do.

2d do.

50

Two years old and under three years.

1st premium.

$50

do. do.

2d do.

25

One year old and under two years,

1st premium.

$20

do. do.

2d do.

10

No. 6.— HEREFORD BULLS.

Three years old and upwards, 1st premium, $100

do. do. 2d do. 50

Two years old and under three years, 1st premium, $50

do. do. 2d do. 25

One year old and under two years. 1st premium, $20

do. do. 2d do. 10

HEREFORD COWS AND HEIFERS.

Three years old and upwards.

1st premium.

$100

do. do. \

2d do.

50

Two years old and under three years,

1st premium,

$50

do. do.

do.

25

One year old and under two years,

1st premium.

$20

do. do.

2d do.

10

96

No. 7.— JERSEY (ALDERNEY) BULLS.

Three years old and upwards,
do. do.

Two years old and under three years, 1st premium,
do. do.

One year old and under two years,
do. do.

1st premium,

$100

2d do.

50

1st premium,

$oO

2d do.

25

1st premium,

$20

2d do.

10

JERSEY COWS AND HEIFERS.

Three years old and upwards,
do. do.

1st premium,
2d do.

Two years old and under three years, 1st premium,

do. do. 2d do.

One year old and under two years, 1st premium,

do. do. 2d do.

$100
50

$50
25

$20
10

No. 8.— GRADE OR NATIVE COWS.

Three years old and upwards,
do. do.

Two years old and under three years,
do. do.

One year old and under two years,
do. do.

1st premium.

$50

2d do.

25

1st premium.

25

2d do.

15

1st premium.

10

2d do.

5

No. 10.— MILCH COWS.

Five years old and over.

1st premium,

100

do. do.

2d do.

50

do. do.

8d do.

25

Three years old and under five,

] st premium.

50

do. do.

2d do.

25

do. do.

3d do.

15

97

No. 11.— WORKING OXEN.

Four years old and upwards,

1st]

premium,

$100

do. do.

2d.

do.

75

do. do.

3d.

do.

50

do. do.

4th.

do.

25

Two years old and under four,

1st

premium,

$50

do. do.

2d

do.

25

do. do.

3d

do.

15

No. 12. — TOWN TEAMS.
For the best team, not less than ten yoke of oxen, from

any County,

•

$100

2d

do. do.

do.

do. do. do.

50

3d

do. do.

do.

do. do. do.

25

No. 13.-

-FAT

CATTLE.

Fat Bullock,

1st premium,

$50

do.

2d do.

30

Fat Cow,

1st premium,
2d do.

$30
20

CLASS II. HORSES.

No. 14.— THOROUGH BRED STALLIONS AND MARES.

Stallions, four yeai's old and upwards,
do. do

do. do.

Mares four years old and upwards,
do. do.

do. do.

1st premium.

$200

2d do.

100

3d do.

50

1st premium,

$150

2d do.

75

3d do.

50

98

No. 15.— HEAVY DRAFT STALLIONS AND MAEES.

Stallions 3 years old and upwards, 1st premium, $150

do. do. 2d do. 75

3d do. 25

do.

do.

Mares three years old and upwards,
do. do.

do. do.

1st premium,
2d do.
3d do.

do.
do.

do.
do.

2d
3d

do.
do.

No..l7.— STALLIONS FOR GENERAL UTILITY.

Three years old and under four, 1st premium,

do. do. 2d do.

do. do. od do.

No. 18— STALLIONS FOR GENERAL UTILITY,

Two years old and under thi-ee, 1st premium,

do. do. 2d do.

do. do. 3d. do.

One year old and under two,
do. do.

1st premium,
2d do.

No, 19.— BREEDING MARES AND FILLIES.'

Mares 4 years old and upwards, 1st premium,

do. do. 2d do.

do. do. 3d do.

Fillies, three years old,

do. do.

Fillies, two years old,

do. do.

1st premium,
2d do.

1st premium,
2d do.

Fillies, one year old and under two, 1st premium,
do. do. 2d do.

$100
50
25

No. 16.--STALLI0NS FOR GENERAL UTILITY.
Four years old and upwards, 1st premium, $200

100
50

$150
75
50

$50
25
15

20

$150

100

50

$75
50

20

20

99

No. 20.— MATCHED HORSES.

1st premium, _.------ $100

2d do. ........ 75

3d do. 50

4th do. 25

No. 21.— FANCY MATCHED HORSES.

1st premium, _.---._ $75

2d do. 50

No. 22.— PONIES.

Matched, $25

Single, 20

No. 23.— DRAFT HORSES.

Matched Draft Horses, 1st premium, $100

do. do. 2d do. 50

do. do. 3d do. 25

Single Draft Horses, 1st premium, $50

do. do. 2d do. 25

No, 24.— FAMILY HORSES. (Single.)

(for gknkral utility.)

1st premium _.---._ $100

2d do. 80

.Sd do. - - 60

4:th do. ....... 50

5th do. ..-.,.. 40

6th do. 30

7th do. 20

No. 25.— FAMILY HORSES. (Single.)
(for speed.)

The speed of horses under this division, that have never trotted
for money, will be tested on the track. Exhibitors to drive, and
to be persons who have never driven for money.

100

1st premium, -_.__.=

2d do. - 100

3d do. .... 50

No. 27.— UNTKAINED HORSES. (Single.)

(saddle horses,)

Speed to be tested on the track, in harness. Competition open

to all horses that have never trotted for money.

1st premium, .... . _ $200

2d do. .... . . 100

28.— TROTTING HORSES.
A grand trial of speed, in harness, for all trotting horses.
1st premium, - - .... $200

2d do 100

No. 29.— TROTTING STALLIONS.
Grand trials of speed.

For Stallions 6 years of age and over, 1st premium, $200

do. do. 2d do. 100

For Stallions under 6 years of age, 1st pi-emium,

$150

do. do. 2d do.

75

No. 30— MULES.

Two years old and over, best pair,

$50

do. 2d do.

25

do. od do.

15

CLASS III. SHEEP.

No. 31.— LONG-WOOLED BUCKS.

Two years old and over, 1st premium, $30

do. do. 2d do. 15

Under two years 1st premium, $20

do. 2d do. 10

101

LONG-WOOLED EWES — NOT LESS THAN FIVE IN NUMBER.

Two years old and over,

1st pi'emium,

$25

do. do.

2d do.

15

Under two years,

1st premium,

$20

do.

2d do.

10

No. 32.-

-SOUTH DOWN BUCKS.

Two years old and over.

1st premium,

$30

do. do.

2d do.

15

Under two years,

1st premium,

$20

do.

2d do.

10

SOUTH DOWN EWES-

—NOT LESS THAN FIVE IN

NUMBER.

Two years old and over.

1st premium,

$25

do. do.

2d do.

15

Under two years.

1st premium.

$20

do.

2d. do.

10

No.

33.— SAXON BUCKS.

Two years and o\er,

1st premium,

$30

do.

2d do.

15

Under two years,

1st premium,

$20

do. do.

2d do.

SAXON EWES.

10

Two years old and over,

1st premium,

$25

do. do.

2d do.

15

Under two years,

1st premium.

$20

do. do.

2d do.

10

No. 34.— SILESIAN MERINOS.

BUCKS.

Two years old and over, 1st premium, $30

do. do. 2d do. 15

102

Under two years,

1st premium,

$20

do. do.

2d do.

10

EWES — NOT LESS THAN FIVE IN NUMBER.

Two years old and over,

1st premium.

$25

do. do.

2d do.

15

Under two years,

1st premium,

$20

do. do.

2d do.

10

No. 35.-

-FRENCH MERINOS.

BUCKS.

Two years old and over,

1st premium.

$30

do. do.

2d do.

15

Under two years,

1st premium,

$20

do. do.

2d do.

10

EWES — NOT LESS THAN FIVE IN NUMBER.

Two years old and over,

1st premium,

$25

do. do.

2d do.

15

Under two years,

1st premium.

$20

do. do.

2d do.

10

No. 36— SPANISH MERINOS.

BUCKS.

Two years old and over,
do. do.

Under two, years,

do. do.

1st premium,
2d do.

1st premium,
2d do.

15

10

EWES — NOT LESS THAN FIVE IN NUMBER.

Two years old an(

1 over.

1st premium.

$25

do.

do.

2d do.

15

Under two years.

1 st premium.

$20

do.

do.

2d do.

10

103

CLASS IV. SWINE.

No. 37.— LARGE BREED.

Sucli as Chester, Berkshire, Hampshire, Leicester and tlieir
crosses.

Boars, two years old and upwards, 1st premium,

do. do. do. 2d do.

do. one year old and upwards, 1st premium,

do. do. do. 2d do.

Sows, two years old and upwards, 1st premium,

do. do. do. 2d do.

Swine one year old and upwards, 1st premium,

do. do. do. 2d do.

$25
15

10

15
20
10

15

No. 38.— SMALL BREED,

Such as Neapolitan, Suifolk, improved China, Chinese, Mocha,
Essex, and their crosses.

JBoars, two years old and upwards, 1st premium,

do. do. do. 2d do.

do. one year old and upwards, 1st premium,

do. do. do. 2d do.

Sows, two years old and upwards, 1st premium,
do. do. do. 2d do.

Sows, one year old and upwards, 1st premium,
do. do. do. 2d do.

10

$25
15

$20
10

No. 39.— SWINE OF OTHER BREEDS.

Boars, two yeai-s old and upwards,
do. do. do.

do. one year old and upwards,
do. do. do. do

1st premium.

$25

2d do.

15

1st premium.

20

2d do.

10

104

Sows, two years old and upwards, 1st premium,

do. do. do. do. 2d do. 15

do. one year old and upwards, 1st premium, $20

do. do. do. do. 2d do. 10

No. 40.— PIGS.

NOT LESS THAN SIX IN A LITTER.

Six months old and under ten, 1st premium, $15

do. do. 2d do. 10

CLASS V. POULTRY.

No. 41.— GALLINACEOUS FOWLS.
For tlie best collection of different varieties of pure bred

Fowls, owned by the exhibitor, $25

Second best, do., 15

For the best collection of Fancy Fowls, 10

No. 42.— LARGER ASIATIC FOWLS.

For the best trio. Red or Buff Shanghse, $5

Second best do., 3

For the best trio of Black, do., 5

Second best do., 3

For the best trio of White, do., 5

Second best do., 3

For best trio of Gray or Bramah Pootras, 5

Second best do., 3

No. 43.— OTHER GALLINACEOUS FOWLS.

For the best trio of Black Spanish, $5

Second best do., 3

For the best trio of White Dorking, 5

Second best do., 3

For the best trio of Gray or Speckled do., 5

Second best do., 3

105

For the best trio of Silver Pencilled Hamburghs, 5

For the best trio of Golcleu Pencilled do., 5

For the best trio of Silver Spangled do., 5

For the best trio of Golden Spangled do., 5

For the best trio of Black do., 5

Second best do., 3

For the best trio Dominique Dunghill, 5

Second best do., ^

For the best trio of White-Crested Black Polish, 5

Second best do., ^

For the best trio of Golden do., 5

For the best trio of Silver do., - • • 5

For the best trio of Games, 5

Second best do., ^

For the best trio of Bantams, 5

Second best do., ^

No. 44.— TURKEYS.

For the best pair Wild, 5

Second best do., ■ ^

For the best pair Domestic, 5

Second best do., 3

No. 45.— GUINEA FOWLS.

For the best pair, ^

Second best do., ^

No. 46.— DUCKS.

For the best pair or trio Aylesbury, 5

Second best do., 3

F'or the best pair or trio, Eouen, 'i

Second best do., 3

For the best pair or trio, Java, 5

Second best do, 3

For the best pair or trio. Top Knot, 5

Second best do., • ^

For the best pair or trio, Common, 5

Second best do., 2

106

No. 47.— GEESE.

For the best pair, Bremen, 5

Second best do., 3

For the best pair Hong Kong or African, 5

Second best do., 3

For the best pair, Toulouse, ■ . 5

Second best do., 3

For the best pair, Wild, 5

Second best do., 3

For the best pair of "White or Colored Swan, 5

Second best do., 3

No. 48.— SWANS.

For the best pair.
Second best do.,

CLASS yi. AGRICULTUHAL PRODUCTS.

FIEI. DCROPS.

Awards of Premiums on Field Crops will be made at the
Annual Meeting, at Washington, on 2nd Wednesday in January,
1857. Samples are to be shown in barrels at the Exhibition, where
practicable with assurances that they are averages of the crop,
with detailed statement of mode of cultivation, expenses, &c.
The grain, seeds and vegetables are to be grown by the exhibitor
and certificates thereof to be produced, if required.

Best crop of Avinter wheat, not less than two acres, nor less

than 40 bushels per acre, - . - _ $20

2d do ...... 10

3d do - - ■ - - - - 5

Best crop of spring wheat, not less than two acres, nor less

than 30 bushels per acre, - _ _ _ $20

2d do ...... 10

3d do -.->.- 5

107

Best crop of Nortliern corn, not less than two acres, to be
shelled and weighed during the month of December, nor less
than 100 bushels per aci'e. - - - - $20

2d do - - - - - - 10

3d do - 5

Best crop of Southern corn, not less than two acres, nor less
than 1 00 bushels per acre. - ' - - - $20

2d do 10

3d do 5

For the best croji of Flax, reference being had to the ex-
tent of ground, and the product, _ . - $20
2d do 10

For the best crop of Hemp, same condition as above, - $20
2d do. 10

For the best crop of long-staple Cotton, same condition as
above, - » _ _ - - $20

2d do. - .... 10

For the best crop of short-staple Cotton, same condition as

above, - - . _ _ _ $20

2d do. - - .... 10

For the best crop of Sugar, same condition as above, - $20
2d do. 10

Best crop of Tobacco, not less than one acre, - - $20
2d do 10

Best crop of barley, not less than two acres, nor less than 50
bushels per acre ___,-- $20

2d do 10

3d do 5

Best crop of rye, not less than two acres, nor less than 40

bushels per acre, ----- $20
2d do 10

3d do - - =5

108

Best crop of oats, not less than two acres, nor less than 75
bushels per acre, - - - - - - - $20

2d do 10

3d do - - 5

Best crop of potatoes, for table use, not less than one acre,

nor less than 300 bushels, per acre, - -. - $20

2d do ...... 10

3d do ...... 5

Best crop of potatoes, for stock, not less than one acre,

nor less than 400 bushels, per acre, ... $20
2d do ...... 10

3d do 5

Best crop of ruta baga, not less than one acre, nor less than

1000 bushels per acre. .... $20

2d do ...... 10

Best crop of sugar beets, not less than an acre, nor less than

1000 bush, per acre, - - - . $20

2d do - - - . - - 10

Best crop of carrots, not less than an acre, nor less than 1000

bushels per acre, .... - $20

2d do ..... .10

Best crop of mangel wurtzel, not less than an acre, nor less

than 1200 bushels per acre, - - - . $20

2d do ----.- 10

GRAIN, SEEDS AND VEGETABLES.

Best barrel of winter wheat, - . $5

2d do 3

3d do 2

Best barrel of spring wheat, - - - - $5

2d do ...... 3

8d do - ... 2

109

Best barrel of rye, - - - - - $5

2d do 3

3d do .... - 2

Best ban-el of barley, - - - - - $5

2d do 3

3d do 2

Best barrel of oats, .... - $5

2d do -.-..- 3

3d do 2

Best barrel of Northern Corn, in the ear, - - ;$5

2d do 3

3d do 2

Best barrel of Southern Corn, in the ear, - - $5

2d do 3

3d do 2

Best bushel of potatoes, ----- $5

2d do - ' - - - - - 3

3d do - 2

Best bushel Red Clover Seed, - - - $5

2d do. 3

Best bushel Timothy Seed, '" $5

2d do. 3

B.est bushel Orchard Grass Seed, - _ - $5

2d do. 3

Best bushel Herds Grass or red-top, $5

2d do. 3

Best collection of Garden Products, . . . -

2d do. 10

The quantity of grains and vegetables to be ascertained by
weight, as foUows : Wheat, 60 pounds to the bushel; Corn, 56'
Rye, 56 ; Barley, 46 ; Oats, 30 ; Potatoes, 60 ; Carrots, 55 ; Sugar
Beets, 60 ; Ruta Bagas, 60.

110

Agricaltural produce of any description will be received for Ex-
hibition, and if found to be of especial excellence, discretionary
premiums will be awarded.

CLASS VII. FRUITS.

All fruits must be arranged on tlie tables by 9 o'clock, of Tues-
day morning.

All fruits offered in competition must be grown by the Competi-
tor.

Fruits receiving a premium in one class cannot compete in
another.

Judges may withold premiums, when fruits of sufficient merit
are not presented.

Fruits once placed on the tables are under the control of the
Judees, and cannot be removed until the close of the Exhibition.

Exhibitors must present to the Secretary a list of the fruit
exhibited, with the names of the fruit, and a certificate when
required that the same teas grown hy the exhibitor.

APPLES.

For the largest and best exhibition of named vai-ieties,

not less than three specimens of each, . - - $50

For the second best, - - - - - 30

For the third best, . . - . . 20

For the best thirty varieties, not less than six specimens

each, - - _ - _ - $30

For the second best, - - - - - 20

For the third best, . - - - 10

For the best twelve varieties, not less than six specimens

each, - - - - - - $15

For the second best, - - - - - 10

For the third best, - - . - 5

Ill

For the best dish of Apples, of one variety, $5

For the second best, . . - - - 4

For the third do. - - - - - 3

For the fourth do. - - - - - 2

PEARS.

For the largest r,nd best exhibition of named varieties,

not less than three specimens of each, - - - $50

For the second best, - - - - - 30

For the third do, - - - . . 20

For the best thirty varieties, of six specimens each, - 30

For the second best, - - - - - 20

For the third do. - - - - - 15

For the best twelve varieties, six specimens of each - $15

For the second best, - - - - - 10

For the third do. - - - - - 5

For the best dish of pears, of one variety, - - $5

For the second best, _ . • > _ 4

For the third do. ----- 3

For the fourth do. - - - - - 2

PEACHES.

For the best collection of Peaches, - - - $15

For the second best, - - - - - 10

For the third best, - . . . 5

For the best dish, not less than twelve specimens of one variety $5

For the second best, - . - . - 3

QUINCES.

For the best bushel
For the second best,

GRAPES.

For the best Native or Seedling Grape, hardy, and equal or

superior to the Isabella, a premium of - - - $20

2d do ...... 10

112

For the best display of Isabella grapes, not less tlian twelve
bunches, ...... $10

For the second best, ----- 5

For the best display of Catawba grapes, not less than twelve

bunches, - " - - - - - $10

For the second best, ----- 5

For the best display of Native grapes, - - - $15

For tlie second best, ----- 10

For the best display of Foreign grapes, - - - $15

For the second best, - - - - 10

Special Premiums will be awarded on Melons, Plums, and
other fruits not enumerated, if creditable specimens are presented.

» o •

CLASS VIII. NATIVE WINES.

For the best dry Catawba, 1855, $10

For second best do., 1855, 5

For the best dry Catawba, (older,) ... 10

For the second best do., do., 5

For the best Wine from the Herbemont Grape, 10

For the second best from do., 5

For the best Wine from the Schuylkill or Cape, 10

For the second best from do., 5

For the best Wine from Isabella Grape, 16

For the second best from do, 5

For the best Wine from any other Grape, 10

For the second best from do., 5

For the best sparkling Catawba Wine, 10

For the second best do., 5

For the best Sparkling Wine from any other Grape, .... 10

For the second best do., from do., 5

113

CLASS IX. AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS,

For the best collection of Agricultural Implements manufac-
tured by the Exhibitor, ... - $100
For the second best, - - - - - 75
For the third best, - . - - - - 50

For the best and largest collection of Agricultural Implements,

without reference to the manufacturer, - - $100

For the second best, ----- 50

For the third best, - - - - - ' 25

All instruments, machines, utensils, and appai-atus intended to
be used in the preparation, culture or seeding of the soil; — in the
harvesting, transportation or manufacture of produce, or in the
various requirements of agriculture, will be admitted to the
Exhibition.

Competitors will be required to lodge with the Secretary by
12 o'clock on the first day of the exhibition, a list of all imple-
ments deposited by them, and those who enter for the Manufac-
turer's prizes must produce satisfactory evidence that the articles
are bona fide of their own make, not '• made to order."

The sum of $200 has been appropriated to be awarded in
discretionaiy premiums.

PROGRAMME.

TUESDAY, OCTOBER 7th.— FIRST DAY,

At 10 o'clock, A. M. Grand Calvacade of all the horses on
Exhibition.

At 11 o'clock, a. M. Examination in the Cattle Eings. of
Durham Bulls, Cows, etc.

Also. Exhibition of Draft Stallions, Mares, etc.

114

At 12 o'clock, M. Examination of Grade, Native and Milch
Cows, in the Rings.
» Also. Exhibition of Breeding Mares, Fillies etc., on the track.

At 2 o'clock, P. M. Examination of Ayrshire and Hereford
Bulls, Cows, etc., in the Rings.

Also. Exhibition of Mules and Ponies.

At 2 1-2 o'clock. Exhibition of Family Horses, for General
Utility with trial on track.

WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER Sth.- SECOND DAY.

At 9 o'clock, A. M. Grand Calvacade of all the Horses on
Exhibition.

At 10 o'clock, a. M. Examination of Devon Bulls, Cows
etc., in the cattle rings.

Also. Exhibition of Stallions for General Utility, 4 years old
and upwards ; with trials of their speed on the track.

At 12 o'clock, M. Examination of the Stock entered for
Hkrd Premiums, in the Ring&.

Also. Exhibition of Stallions for General Utility, 3 years old
and under 4 ; with trials of speed on the track.

At 2 o'clock, P. M. Examination of Jersey Bulls, Cows,
etc., in the Ring.

Also. Exhibition of Thoi'oughbred Stallions and Mares, with
trials of speed on the track.

At 3 o'clock, P. M. Trial of Single Horses for speed;
open to all horses that have never trotted for money.

THURSDAY; OCTOBER 9th.— THIRD DAY.
At 9 o'clock, A. M. Procession and Trial of Draft horses.

At 10 o'clock. Procession of County Teams and Trial of
Working Oxen.

At 11 o'clock. Examination of Fat Cattle and Steers.
Also. Exhibition of Matched and Fancy Matched Horses
with trial of speed.

115

At 2 o'clock, P. M., (and during tlie afternoon,) Exliibition
of Family Horses, with trials of speed on the track.

FRIDAY, OCTOBER 10th.— FOURTH DAY.

At 10 o'clock, A. M. Grand Cavalcade of all the Horses on
Exhibition,

At 11 o'clock. Grand trial of speed for all trotting horses.

At 1 o'clock. Agricultural Banquet in the great tent, at the
close of which the awards of Pi*emiums will be declared.

At 2 o'clock (and during the afternoon,) Volunteer trials of
speed. Open for horses previously registered for that purpose
with the Secretary.

The procession for the Banquet, will form at 1 o'clock, pre-
cisely, in front of the President's Marquee. Ladies, as M^ell as
gentlemen, are expected to join in the festivities.

SATURDAY, OCTOBER 11th.— FIFTH AND LAST DAY.

At 10 o'clock, A. M. Trial of speed, open to all trotting
stallions six years old and over.

At 12 o'clock, M. Trial of speed open to all trotting stal-
lions, under six years of age.

At 2 o'clock, P. M. Auction Sale, on the ground, of all
Animals registered for that purpose with the Secretary.

116

OPENING OF THE EXHIBITION.

THE INAUGURATION.

At 25 mimites past 10, a grand cavalcade of all the Horses
on exhibition was formed on the track, under the direction
of the Chief Marshal. When within a few rods of the
Judges' stand, they halted, and the Marshal announced to
President Wilder, that the Procession was formed, and ready-
to proceed. The President then addressed the assembly as
follows :

" Ladies and Gentlemen, Friends and Felloiv Citizens : —
The preparations for this great national jubilee have been
completed. The moment for its inauguration has arrived.
Most sincerely do I congratulate the good people of Philadel-
phia, and this assembly, upon the favorable circumstances
under which we meet, and upon the cheering^ prospects before
us.

" In the discharge of my official duties, I now proclaim the
fourth annual exhibition of the United States Agricultural
.Society duly opened. Its commencement is auspicious ; may
its conclusion be glorious, — the realization of our hopes, and
conduce to the advancement to American agriculture."

The address of Mr. Wilder was received with hearty cheers,
and at the conclusion, the procession, preceded by the Mar-
shals, moved round the track, the band playing the national
anthem. There were nearly three hundred horses on the
track, many of them animals of rare beauty and excellence.
As they moved gracefully around the course, the pageant was
an inspiring one — a fit inauguration of the great exhibition.
The horses were kept in motion for about half an hour, and
were then taken from the track, and the examination and
exhibition of stock, in the order of the programme, suc-
ceeded.

117

THE DINNER.

At one o'clock the officers of the Society, their invited
guests, the delegates from other societies, and the judges met
at the President's tent, and formed in procession and marched
thence to a spacious tent in the rear of tlije seats for specta-
tors, where a substantial farmer's dinner had been provided
for them. President Wilder presided at the table, and after
the Divine blessing had been invoked, the company present
attended to the good things set before them. After the din-
ner had been finished, the President arose and said :

Friends and Fellow Citizens : — It affords me great pleas-
ure to meet so many of you from all parts of our country,
gathered together to do honor to the primeval pursuit of man.
I think I may say, gentlemen, without any regard to politics,
that when we can thus assemble the yeomanry of all sections
of our country in this way, we may conclude that the " Union
is safe." (Applause.)

The President then announced that the Committees would
be called in their order, and those who were present an-
swered.

WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 8th.

SiSCOND DA,Y.

The ceremonies commenced at 9 o'clock, with a grand Car
valcade of all the horses on exhibition. The disj^lay was
even more imposing than the day previous, numerous addi-
tions having been made to the " horse department." As the
noble animals cTashed proudly on in all their beauty of form,
and in all their perfection, with nobly curving necks and
bright, spirited eyes, we could but appreciate their claims
as second only in beauty and intelligence to any of the animal
creation. An immense throng of vi-sitors was crowded around

118

the track, and tlie stand was also crowded throughout the
day.

The examinations of neat cattle, Sheep and Swine, and at
12 o'clock of all the stock entered for herd premiums, in the
cattle rings, were well attended by farmers and others
interested.

The examinations for the morning being concluded, a pro-
cession of judges, guests and members was formed, and pro-
ceeded to the dining tent ; where, as usual, a plentiful and
substantial repast awaited them.

After the large assemblage had dined, and before the com-
mittees had commenced organizing, the President arose and
introduced Mr. George "Washington Parke Custis, the adopted
eon of our Pater Patrice, amidst much enthusiasm and cheer-
ing. Mr. Custis made the following touching reply :

SPEECH OP MR. CUSTIS.

I rise, gentlemen, to return my thanks for the honor you
have done me on the present occasion. But I will not return
mere passing thanks. I will return my sincere paternal re-
gards for my much respected hosts, and also to my country-
men at large.

My last days are drawing near, but they are comforted and
warmed by the reminiscences of the stations I have held in
American society, from my cradle even unto this day. Go
where I will, in any part of our noble empire, I am received
by the people with a warmth and attention that sheds a halo
of happiness over the few remaining ones. Long years have
passed, generations have arisen and have departed, since first
I was a resident of that imperial city that is now before me.
In 1790, it was but a dilapidated relic of the revolution. It
contained no sign of improvement, no spirit of abundance,
nothing that could have presaged its present position. But,
mark you, what was it that spurred it on ? 'T was Liberty !
It was that which raised a shattered and forgotten village to
a proud city ; it was that which raised a nation from its very
infancy to the very pinnacle of power. They will tell you

119

abroad that there is magic in this. It has no parallel in the
world. I grant it ; but the cause is Freedom'' s magic I

Gentlemen of Pennsylvania, I am proud of the spirit before
me. This exhibition at this time, the development of the re-
sources of this proud State, are before me in their abundance.
If you are thus far advanced at the very outset, what v\ill yoii
be at your maturity ? I hear you say that you will do your
part to raise it up, and make it the banner State of this glo-
rious Union. Nature has done its part ; do yours, and your
destiny is illimitable. Make it an honor to till your soil ;
make it an honor to raise iip your sons as " tillers of the
soil." Where have your great men gone, after having raised
their glory up to the highest point — where have they gone ?
They have laid down the sword, and beat it into a plough-
share, and have retired to agricultural and rural life. Your
illustrious Washington, when the admiration of the world,
the chief of conquering armies, the conqueror of his country's
freedom, and the pride of the nation, retired from the field of
war to the shades of Mount Yernon.

Gentlemen, your agricultural instruction comes from the
ancients. Then it was an honor to be tillers of the soil. And
when Rome, pressed by her enemies on all sides, looked about
her to find a leader for her people, her eyes sought him even
at the plough ! Then, let us seek to elevate the labor of the
farmer. Let us pronounce with one accord God speed the
ploug-h. And let us note the man who distinguishes himself
in agriculture, as a benefactor to his country and to his race.
Then you honor agriculture. It was the primitive use of man,
distinguishing every nation and every country. Then dream
not of the laurels of war ; for when we want this honor we
must go to claim it of that man who stands yonder by his
plough, with his " rural mansion " on his right ; that house
contains his happy wife and children, whose life is made a
scene of contentment and peace, by the sweat of his brow.
That man has understood how to live, and acted up to his un-
derstanding ; he is the man to fight the battles of an eriemy.
(Great cheering.)

Ah, gentlemen, excuse an old man, whose heart grows

120

warm with the kindness which he receives when so distant
from his home. The memory of your kindness will often
hereafter warm my old heart to its very core.

I pray God to bless you for your noble State, rich in its
revolutionary recollections ; whether it be in the patriotism
of its fathers or of their descendants, I pray God to bless you ;
I pray him to bless the nation ; I pray that this empire will
grow in its growth, and will ever be a friend of humanity.

The venerable gentleman sat down amidst great and long
continued cheering. He seemed deeply affected, and so did his
audience. The man was before them — aye, speaking and
counselling with them, who, as a child, sat on the knee,' and
received the instructions of the most illustrious of men.

After a brief silence, the President arose and proposed the
following, which was received with great cheering : — Gentle-
men, I propose the long life and prosperity of the " Sage of Ar-
lington."

The Committees were then formed separately, and pro-
ceeded to business.

Among the most interesting occurrences of the afternoon,
was the

TRIAL OF SPEED,

which came off at 3 o'clock. The immense stand, of which
we have given a description, was crowded with people, and
many persons were even unable to obtain seats.

The competitors for the trial — nine in number — (the ring
only being open to family horses who had never trotted for
money,) assembled before the judges' stand, and received the
rules by which they were to be governed. The chief judge
stated that the trial was not thrown open merely for testing
the speed of the horse, but for his advancement in other
respects. He declared that it would be decided by best three
mile heats in five. The competitors were divided into two
portions, one consisting of four and the other of five. The
first portion consisted of horses " State of Maine," " Prank,"
and " Relaxer ; " the second portion of " Fanny Anderson,"
" Young America," " Empress," a sorrel gelding and roan
gelding.

1st heat,

2.12

2d

2:43

3d

2:47

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The preniium was won by " State of Maine-"

1st. portion. 2d. portion.

2:49
2:46
2:49

Tlie success of the " State of Maine " was received with
loud applause.

After the trial was over, the track was thrown open for a
grand trial of speed by all the horses whose drivers wished to
exercise them. The opportunity was well improved. Single
teams, double teams, tandem teams, saddle horses, and all
came on and went at the top of their speed round and round
the track, amid the shouts and cheers of their drivers. There
was, of course, no record made of their time. The exercise
was continued until six o'clock, the hour for closing the gates.

Previous to leaving the grounds, the Marshals escorted Mr.
Wilder, the President, around the ground, to see that every-
thing was in order for the night, the band playing " Hail
Columbia" during the march. At the end of the circuit,
the President pronounced the Exhibition closed for the day.

A visitor to the grounds yesterday could not fail of being
struck with the perfect order which characterized this vast
gathering of people. Through all the day we did not see a
man intoxicated, or notice an improper act. We mention
this fact for the credit of our people. We heard several pro-
minent gentlemen from the New Engltind States alluding to
the good order on the ground as very remarkable.

POLICE AREANGEMENTS.

A new and very important police arrangement has been
made. Messrs. Philips & Talcott, of the Fire Alarm and
Police Telegraph, have perfected their arrangements for a
telegraph station in the United States Fair enclosure at Powel-
ton, and it has been put in operation. This will greatly facil-
itate the police operations and the authorities in preserving
good order among the immense assemblage attracted by the
Fair.

122

THURSDAY, OCTOBER 9th.

THIRD DAY.

There was an immense throng at the Fair on Thursday, sur-
passing anything of the previous days. Market street from
Twentieth street to the gates at Powelton, was one stream of
pedestrians, crowded into all manner of fantastic shapes by
carriages and vehicles of all kinds and descriptions. As early
as 9 o'clock the grounds were covered with people, and by 10
the rush was so great that it was with great difficulty that we
could get near the pens.

About 11 o'clock the sound of a bugle made a grand stam-
pede. The grooms locked up their stalls, owners of horses
generally made tracks, and we in common with the moving
masses went to the arena to witness the Butcher's parade.

At 11:25, the Herald sounded his bugle at the Southern
gate, and in a moment afterward the brilliant cortege entered
the grounds preceded by the committee on prancing chargers.
Proudly along the outer carriage-way drive the noble body of
men, their showy white uniform, and dazzling paraphernalia
making a most imposing display. The procession, as it ap-
proached the judge's stand, halted, the Chief Marshals and
officers of the line being formally welcomed by the President,
Hon. Marshall P. Wilder. It then passed on amidst the
most vociferous cheers, freely given by enthusiastic specta-
tors.

The marshals and aids wore white frocks, blue sashes
trimmed with gold lace, and their rank and station were de-
noted by gilt letters on black badges, which they wore upon
their hats.

The rank and file were all clad alike in the professional
frock, which, got up snowy white for the occasion, contrasted
finely with the black hats and black pants of the wearers.
Each man wore a blue sash, trimmed with silver lace, and
secured upon the right shoulder and left hip with rosettes of
red, white and blue. The effect of this uniform was exceed-

123

ingly fine, the wearers of it being in platoons of four and
mounted upon spirited horses.

The procession proceeded over the route previously arranged,
in the following order : —

Mr. Philip Lowry, Jr., Chief Marshal, and Aids.

Then came the First Division, James Cassidy, Marshal.

This division was preceded by the Pennsylvania Cornet
Band, mounted on horseback. The members of the band
were clad in butcher's frocks. After a strong Torce of mounted
men who rode four abreast, came a division of boys who were
mounted upon horseback, and were attired in the same uni-
form as their seniors.

After the boys, came twelve handsome barouches drawn by
from four to six horses each, and occupied by the older and
more substantial members of the fraternity. After this dis-
play of good-looking men, fine carriages and noble horses,
came a number of smaller vehicles containing members of the
craft, who have not yet aspired to four or six horse teams.
The horses attached to the carriages were decorated with
plumes, (fee, and the American flag was carried by several of
the riders.

The Second Division, John Parthing, Marshal, came next.

After a plattoon of mounted ]joys came an immense chariot,
drawn by eight noble grays. These steeds were handsomely
caparisoned, and a small national flag waved from the head
of each. This chariot contained a band of music, all the
performers being clad in the uniform of the victuallers. A
large banner was displayed from the box of the vehicle. It
bore the Butcher's arms, with the motto of the craft :

" We Feed the Hungry ^

The sides of this vehicle were embellished with paintings of
fat cattle, &c.

The Second Division was out in great strength, and it also
included a division of boys.

The Third Division, John Jones Marshal, followed. This
Division was preceded by a large omnibus containing a batid
of music, and embellished with flags and paintings. A ban-

124

ncr, bearing the same device and the same motto as the banner
abeady described, was also carried upon this coacli,

A car, contaniing a patent Sausage-Cutter in practical
operation, brought np the rear of the Third Division, and
closed the procession.

The streets, windows, steps and even housetops along the
route were crowded with spectators, who frequently expressed
their delight at the beauty of the display. Wreaths and
bouquets were thrown in profusion upon the procession as it
passed along the route, by the fair friends of the participants.
There were over five hundred men and boys in the line.

The progress of the procession was marked by the most
perfect order and attention to detail. Every individual appa-
rently understood the part he was to act, and never before had
the Fraternity of the city bettei; reason to rejoice at the con-
summation of a favorite plan.

Tliis parade was the first general display of the Butchers
since 182i.

The procession, which took place on the 15th of March,
1822, under the direction ot Mr. William White, as Chief
Marshal, was one of the most brilliant things ever witnessed
in Philadelphia. It drew thousands to the city, and for days
and months was the general subject of conversation. Many
of those who took a prominent part in that display, have gone
from among us. Their memories will long be cherished.

The event that gave rise to this splendid exhibition, was
conveying the meat of the stock on exhibition of cattle to
market, which, for number, quality, and beauty of variety,
had never been slaughtered at any one time, in this, or proba-
bly any other country. One hundred carts were required to
convey them to market, and the whole were sold within 24
hours. There were 42 head of cattle, weighing 53,024 pounds ;
the suet and fat 15,221 pounds. There were also 20 hogs, 19
sheep, 7 kids, 9 cub bears, and 2 fawns, making a total of
86,731 pounds.

As a reminiscence of those participating in this affair, we
will quote from the report : — " The praiseworthy exertions
of our citizens, in the improvement of cattle, fed the follow-

125

iiig mimber with their weight : — Lewis Clapierj^Esq., 16 of
the Gough breed, 21,662 pounds, and 8 of the common drove
cattle, 9209 pounds ; Mr. William White, 4 oxen, 4451
pounds, 7 kids, 5 cub bears, and 2 fawns; Geo. Sheaff, Esq.,
4 oxen, 4721 pounds ; Peter Wager, Esq., 4 oxen, 4496
pounds ; Major Pipant, one ox, 1550 pounds, and one calf,
552 pounds ; Mr. P. Lowry, one steer, 1977 pounds ; Mr. H.
Boraeff, 2 oxen, 2044 pounds ; Mr. S. Painter, 2 oxen, 2362
pounds ; one sheep by Wm. Bradley ; 8 do. by A. Clements,
and 10 do. by S. West."

THE DINNER — SPEECH OP GOV. POLLOCK.

The President, before the company left the table, alluded
in a pleasant manner, to the presence of his Excellency, Gov-
ernor Pollock, and his accomplished lady, and proposed as a
sentiment : —

'■ Long life, heallh and happiness to his Excellency, the Governor
of the Keystone Slate, and his accomplished lady."

The President intimated that the company would hardly
expect a speech from his Excellency at that time, but they
might be pleased to hear a few words.

As the Governor rose, he was greeted with hearty applause.
In reference to this kindly greeting, he said :

Mr. President and Gentlemen — I entered this tent a few
moments -ago to take ni}'' dinner, and not with the intention of
making a speech. I am taken by surprise at the complimen-
tary reference which has been made to myself by the accom-
plished President of the United States Agricultural Society.
I will not, gentlemen, inflict a speech upon you at this time.

The President — "That will come to-morrow!" (Ap-
plause.)

Governor Pollock — " That seems to be spoken by author-
ity." (Laughter.)

I am here, gentlemen, as the representative of the Keystone
State; As a citizen of this State, and as its chief executive
ofiicer, I feel my spirit stirred within at the noble exhibition
which we have seen to-day. I am proud of this Common-

126

wealth — oire of the glorious tliirty-one of the sister States of
this glorious Union. I am here, gentlemen, not to honor the
exhibition, but to be improved by what we see arotmd us.
Every thing in this noble spectacle speaks of the prosperity of
the Keystone and the United States — for everything here,
gentlemen, is national. I come to honor labor, and I trust I
shall ever be found first among those who honor and dignify
labor. I would advance by all the means in my power that
system of education which would first elevate man as an in-
tellectual being, and next to that would dignify and elevate
agriculture, the primeval employment of man ; for, from both
of these, we, as a people, receive health and life, virtue and
truth.

The remarks of the Governor were heartily applauded.
At their close, most of the company retired from the tent.

Among the visitors at the grounds yesterday, we noticed
Gen. John S. Tyler, of Mass., the Chief Marshal of the Bos-
ton exhibition, and a delegation of his assistants on that oc-
casion.

FRIDAY, OCTOBER 10th.

FOURTH DAY.

The attendance at the Fair was not so large as on the day
previous, but there was a very large concourse of visitors.
The grand cavalcade of horses, the numerous races, the recep-
tion of the Charlestown Fire Company, and lastly the Ban-
quet, made it the most prominent and exciting day.

The grand cavalcade brought out a fine display of horses
on the track, and was an interesting scene.

There were numerous trials of speed on the track, and the
awards will be found iu the List of Premiums.

EECEPTION OP WASHINGTON FIRE COMPANY.

At 12 o'clock, while the horses were resting from the race,
the Washington Fire Company, of Charlestown, Mass., were
seen coming up the track, headed by Flagg's Band, and pre-

127

ceded by the Directors of our city Fire Department, and Man-
agers of the Fair.

They passed by the Judges' stand, and were officially sa-
luted by the Secretary, Mr. William S. King. They then
marched in upon the central " green sward," to the entrance
of the Judges' stand, and were received by the President, who
welcomed them as follows:

Fellow citizens of Boston and vicinity —

Gentlemen, — I receive this mark of respect from the citi-
zens of New England, and of my own native city, with un-
qualified pleasure. I am truly happy to see you on this oc-
casion, not so much as a mark of respect to me, but as a tes-
timony of the sincere desire you have to encourage the cause
of agriculture, which we are endeavoring to promote.

My duties are onerous, and I am unable to give you a
longer welcome. Believe me that it could not be warmer.
I bid you, one and all, a hearty welcome to our Fourth An-
nual Exhibition.

The company then gave three hearty cheers for the Agricul-
tural Society and its worthy President.

THE BANQUET.

According to arrangement the banquet should have taken
place at one o'clock. But, when the guests were all ready, it
was discovered that the banquet was not, owing to the car-
penters having been unexpectedly called away to repair the
fence enclosing the track, which the crowd had broken down.
It was not until half past two o'clock that everything was at
length ready. The grand pavilion, in the centre of the space
enclosed by the drive, was decorated with flags. In the in-
terior twenty-eight tables were built, running east and west,
on each side of which at least thirty persons could be seated,
while along the west side of the tent a long table was arranged
on an elevated platform, at which the President and invited
guests were to be seated. There was thus accommodation for
at least eighteen hundred and thirty persons, but as many of
the tables held near seventy persons, the assemblage provided

128

for was probably two thousand. The fine brass band which
had been in attendance during tlie exhibition, was stationed
at the head of the marching cohimn which was organized at
the President's marquee, and starting from thence j^araded
around the track and entered the pavilion. The procession
was led off by the President and officers of the Society. Then
followed Governor Pollock, several Governors of other States,
Mayor Vaux, other local authorities, invited guests, delega-
tions from various agricultural societies, the members of the
press, committees, judges, etc. There was quite a large
proportion of ladies among the array, which, when gath-
ered at the tables, was, in all respects, handsome and im-
posing. We believe that every seat was filled. When at
length all was ready for the attack, and the waiters at their
posts. President Wilder, from his position at the centre of the
elevated table, arose, and in a- few words requested that Bishop
Potter, of Pennsylvania, should invoke the Divine blessing
upon tlie repast. All rose, and the Bishop said : " Most gra-
cious and eternal God, the earth is thine, and the fulness
thereof. We bless thee for the bounties which it yields to the
hand of patient industry and skill. We thank thee for the
mercies with which our beloved land has been so bountifully
blessed. Smile l)enignantly, we lieseech thee, upon this as-
sembly on this occasion. Let thy benediction descend upon
this association, and upon all similar associations. Further
every effort which is made to advance the power, the glory
and welfare of our country ; and grant, we beseech tliee, that
in all the endeavors of our people, all things may be so or-
dered and settled, that peace and happiness, truth, justice, and ,
religion, may be established among us and for all generations.
All which we ask in the name and through the mediation of
Jesus Christ our Lord and Saviour."

After the dinner had been duly demolished. President
Wilder requested Bishop McCrosky to ask the closing blessing,
which he did.

The exercises of the occasion then commenced. Mr. Wil-
der, the very able head of the Society, and chairman of the

129

banquet, arose, and, in a fine clear voice, delivered the follow-
ing address :

Fellow Citizens and Friends of Agriculture —

Amidst these congregated thousands, assembled from vari-
ous States of our Confederacy, and from foreign lands, amidst
this array of intellect and learning from all ranks and pro-
fessions, and in the presence of this galaxy of beauty and
taste, my voice can be of little moment except as the medium
of communication between you and those I have the honor to
represent.

In behalf of the United States Agricultural Society, and of
those by whose invitations and lil^erality we are convened, I
extend to each of you a most cordial welcome. Welcome to
the pleasures of this meeting. Welcome to the present bless-
ings and glorious hopes of American Agriculture, the parent
and conservator of American Freedom. [Applause.]

Eighty-one years ago, in this city of Brotlierlij Love, the
fathers of our Republic planted the tree of Liberty, beneatli
whose genial shade we repose and of whose fruit we now par-
take. Their mission was to proclaim political independence ;
ours is to secure to the tillers of the soil the blessings of that
independence. Seventy-one years ago a noble band of those
patriot sires established the first agricultural society on this
continent in this city, endeared to us by the most hallowed
associations, all of which conspire to render it a most appro-
priate place for this great national jubilee. [Applause.]

The purpose of this Society is to carry out and to consum-
mate the designs of those venerable men, to bring together
the choicest productions of art and science, of industry an
enterprise, to awaken and sustain a more general interest in
all the departments of husbandry, and above all and over all,
to unite by a band of common fellowship and friendship the
yeomanry of all sections of our beloved land. [Rapturous
applause.]

It is our happy lot to live in a period of high and progres-
sive civilization, distinguished by events superior to those
which make up the history of the Pharaohs in Egypt, of the
Selucidse in Syria, or the Cassars in Rome, a period when in-

130

dividual and national character forms with amazing rapidity,
and the work of former centuries is transacted in a few days.

We live, too, in a country, the vigorous growth of which
readily adapts itself to this active age — a country of stupen-
dous proportions, extending from ocean to ocean, containing
vast fields for human development and happiness, em])racing
nearly every variety of soil and climate actually producing or
capable of being made to produce sustenance for its rapidly
reduplicating millions, if not for more people than now inhabit
the globe — a country, whose thriving cities springing up as
by enchantment, suddenly surpass in the arts and sciences, in
manufactures and commerce, the most renowned cities of an-
tiquity, whose free institutions, civil, literary and religious,
attract the attention of all other nations, and whose inliabi-
tants, from every part of the world, are assimilating and com-
mingling into a race more powerful than any which has pre-
ceded it. These and similar considerations show the impor-
tance of our cause, and the mission which the All-wise and In-
finite has asssigned to the United States of America. [Ap-
plause.]

The lively interest manifested in this exhibition, and the
great concourse of persons attending it afford ample evidence
of the high esteem in which agriculture and the rural arts are
held. It will have been witnessed, should the pleasant weath-
er continue, by more than 200,000 people, and it has been
pronounced by competent judges', the most interesting ever
held on this side of the Atlantic. [Applause.] The number
of entries has been very large. In stock, it has embraced
some of the finest specimens of the ditferent breeds, which
this or any other country afford. The latter, with the dis-
play of implements and of the productions of the soil and the
arts, reflects great honor upon the contril)utors and the Soci-
ety, upon this city and the country.

For the means and agencies which have secured the com-
plete success of this exhibition, we are indebted, to the muni-
cipal authorities of this city and to their fellow citizens, for
their polite invitation and their large hospitality — to the gen-
tlemen whose liberality provided the guarantee fund for the

131

security of the enterprise against failure — to the Pliiladel-
phia Agricultural Society for their encouragement and co-oper-
ation— to the superintendents, marshals, local officers and
committees for the energy and fidelity witli which they have
discharged their arduous duties — to the contri])utors for the
promptness with which they have responded to our call in
many instances, at great risk, expense, and personal incon-
venience — to the butchers of Philadelphia, for their magnifi-
cent parade in honor of the occasion — to the editors and re-
porters of the Press of Philadelphia, for their numerous fa-
vors to the exhibition — to the judges for the judicious man-
ner in which they have fulfilled the difficult and delicate trust
confided to them. Our chief regret is, that our limited re-
sources constrained them to suffer so much excellence to pass
unrewarded.

We are also under especial obligation to the various agricul-
tural societies for the large and respectable delegations with
which they have favored us — to our honored guests for the
encouragement which their presence has afforded us and the
cause we seek to advance — and last, though first in our af-
fections, to the ladies, Avho, following in the footsteps of their
illustrious and common mother, have lent the enchantments
of grace and l)eauty to this primitive pursuit of man — a pur-
suit worthy of their purest devotion and suited to their most
refined and cultivated taste. [Applause.]

Ladies and Gentlemen — There are themes of thrilling in-
terest connected with the subject of American Agriculture,
hut that on which my heart is fixed, and which it holds most
dear, is its power to conserve whatsoever is most peaceful,
salutary and hopeful, in our happy land. I allude to its ten-
dency to give regularity and healthfulness to the pulsations
of the national heart — to quicken the tide of living sympa-
thy and friendship which should flow througli every })art of
the body politic — to bind together in one great cii-clc of life
and love these kindred associations and States — to make and
to keep them one in affection, in interest^ in inheritance and
in glorious destiny, a happy, prosperous, free and united peo-
ple, whose example of union and strength, of lil)erty and

132

justice, of self government and progress, shall be the admira-
tion of the world. (Great applause.)

In conclusion, permit to offer you a toast as expressing the
sentiment of the Chair. I give you :

"■Our Union." — The Thirty-one Farms of the Western Conti-
nent.

" A union of lakes and a union of lands,

A union which none may sever ;
A union of hearts and a union of hands,
Around the flag of our union forever."

This sentiment was received with long-continued applause.

The President then said : —

Ladies and Gentlemen : It is a matter of the highest grati-
fication to me that we have present with us to-day, not only
his Excellency the Governor of Pennsylvania, but also his
good lady, and I propose as a sentiment in honor of the State,
the following : —

" Pennsylvania ! — Iron and coal are her great products ; fit em-
blems of tlie strength of })rinciple and warmth of attachment yv'xth.
which she holds her place in the Keystone of the arch of the
Union,"

His Excellency, the Governor of Pennsylvania, will re-
spond.

Gov. Pollock hereupon said : — Mr. President and Fellow-
citizens — Briefly and cheerfully permit me to respond to the
sentiment that has just been announced by the President of
this Society. I feel to-day honored, when I remember that by
the voice of the people of this Commonwealth I have been
permitted to occupy the position in this republic to which I
have been called. What I have witnessed to-day certainly
caused me to feel proud that I was a Pennsylvanian ; and to
appreciate still more highly, if possible, the compliment be-
stowed upon myself by the people of Pennsylvania, but I
regret that I have not to-day the ability to represent more
fully my beloved Commonwealth, and to bear to you the com-
pliments of her people on this interesting occasion. (Ap-
plause.) In the name, and by tlie authority of the Common-
wealth, I, in common with our wortliy President, welcome you
to the land of Penn. (Applause.) I welcome you here as

133

the representatives of the greatest interest that is now, or that
ever can be, within the limits of our glorious Union. (Ap-
plause.) I welcome you here as a band of men devoted not
only to the cultivation of the soil, but to every social, every
private virtue that necessarily, permit me to say, result from
the occupation you so much honor — an occupation and pro-
fession that in return confers its honor upon the individual
who uses and exercises it.

Pennsylvania ! Need I stand here, this afternoon, ladies
and gentlemen, to speak the praises of the old Keystone State ?
The sentiment uttered, refers to the iron and the coal, as the
great staples of this Commonwealth. Coal to warm our friends,
as has been said ; iron to cool our enemies ! And let me tell
you, gentlemen, in this connection, should the day ever
arrive, that the iron of Pennsylvania may be required to cool
an enemy, there are plenty of Pennsylvania's sons, with
brawny arms and stout hearts, to direct the iron in its coiirse,
to accomplish that result. (Applause.) Yes, gentlemen, we
we have within the broad domain of our State, iron fields in
great abundance.

We have, side by side with our rich mineral wealth, the
coal by which it may be converted from its native ore, to all
that is useful and ornamental. Go with me, if you please^
throughout this Commonwealth. Look at our mountains,
rugged in the exterior, but rich within — fit representatives
of the rough and honest exterior of many of our sons, but
indicative also of the valor and truth that fill their hearts.
Our coal fields ! how abundant ! But why need I speak ?
What, what has not science done for us in these departments ?
At her magic touch the rough face of nature has smiled in
beauty. With ponderous strokes, she knocks upon the doors
of our mountains, and they open to reveal their strength —
our coal and our iron.

But we boast not alone of these. We have our agriculture !
We have our broad fields and rich valleys. We have other
productions, rich and abounding, pouring into the marts of
trade everywhere. In everything that constitutes a State,
permit me to say, gentlemen, in no spirit of boasting, we are

134

not one whit behind our thirty sisters of this glorious Repub-
lic ? Nay, verily, as our worthy President has said, we claim
to be not only the equal, but the proud position has been as-
signed to Pennsylvania of being the Keystone State in the
great arch of tliis great federal Union. And here, gentlemen
— here, on this subject, permit me to say, that tlie sentiments
enunciated by the President, with regard to the Union of these
States, meet, in my bosom, a full and unwavering response.
Pennsylvania, the first to ratify the Constitution — the first to
sustain the Union — will be the last to desert either. (Ap-
plause.) No, let me tell you to-day, in. her name, and by lier
authority, that, let the waves of faction roll on, and the tide
of fanaticism sweep on deep and strong — let convulsion after
convulsion shako our country — every trembling, every agita-
tion will but settle more deep and firm in its true position,
the Keystone of the Union, (tremendous applause,) render-
ing it more firm, more stable than ever. And let me tell you
again, that however the scenes may change, and the bonds of
union disappear, when this union perishes, if ever that dire
calamity shall happen, the first State in this confederacy to
proclaim her protest against this suicidal act will be the land
of Penn, in which stands the old State House, in which the
Declaration of Independence was made — this land in which
we are to-day — the land of my beloved country. (Applause.)
No, gentlemen, the Keystone of the arch is a proud position,
that she will ever keep. Palsied be the hand that would ever
be raised to strilce down that which we all glory in and revere.
Disunion ! 0 that hateful word ! The serpent's hiss — the
traitor's only patriotism ! Disunion ! — in the presence of
this multitude of representatives of many of the thirty-one
States — is there one here whose tongue has ever dared to
utter that sentiment ?

" If such there be, go mark him we'll ;
His proper place the felon's cell ; "

and come whence lie may, east, weet, north, or south, to whis-
per disunion, he is a rebel, and acts the traitor against truth
and patriotism. (Applause.)

135

But, gentlemen, apart from this, I rejoice in the exhilntion
that we have had to-day, around us, spread out in countless
profusion, productions not only of our beloved Commonwealth,
but of other States of the Union. How happy I am to meet
you all here, in the bands of a common brotherhood ; to know
that, althougli geographical lines may divide us as States, yet,
in the great cause of the agricultural interests of the country,
we arc united, free and happy. Look around us, at the tri-
umphs of labor and art — tlie triumphs of science and of
skill. Who cannot be proud tliat he is an American ? Who
will not honor his country and his countrymen, in view of
what is spread around him. The heavens above us are
auspicious. He who created us, and, " in wliom we live and
move, and have our being," has smiled upon this season ; and
" if God is with us, who can be against us ? "

I will stop in a moment, but let me tell you, farmers of
America, you hold your destinies in your own hands. Elevate
your profession ! Feel, in the presence of your fellow men,
that you are their equals, and that a farmer who will turn his
back upon any man, whatever may be his profession, does not
act the part of a man. The farmer is, in and of himself, in-
dependent. He is God's nobleman. Labor! let it be digni-
fied ! let it be honored ! Labor is honest in all its associa-
tions. Labor is honorable — dignified. Fear not to touch
its hard hand or its brawny arm ! (Applause.) I would, if
I had time, direct your attention more particularly to this fact.
We must educate labor. We must educate our sons to make
mechanics ; we must employ our colleges into the workshops
— into the harvest fields. We must make them understand
that they are men. Professions are crowded — pressed to the
earth. We want a race of God's noblemen. Educate labor !
Educate, honor and dignify it, and in its turn, it will educate
and dignify the men who employ it.

Gentlemen, I thank you, and in the name of the old Key-
stone State, I bid you welcome. I have been gratified with
what I have seen to-day ; and the great crowning feature of
the exhibition, has been the high-toned, moral character of the
great crowds which have thronged this exhibition, proving

136

that agriculture is the hand-maid of truth, industry and A'irtue.
(Continued applause.)

Mr. Boudiuot, of New-Jersey, here offered a volunteer
toast :

'• The mothers, wives, daughters and sweethearts of the American
farmer."

Without the smile from partial beauty won,
Oh, what were man ? A world without a sun,
Earth was a waste, the garden was a wild :
And man, the hermit, sighed till woman smiled.

Flagg's Brass Band then performed an air which called forth
loud applause from the whole assemblage.

The President then said : — It is a pleasure to-day, ladies

and gentlemen, to have with us several of the Goveriiors of

our States. Tlie first I call upon will be the Governor of

New-Jersey, with the following sentiment : —

"New-Jersey — Whatever may be said of her soil or productions,
she produces one crop which finds a ready market wherever it is
found — lier crop of men."

His Excellency Governor Price, said, in reply : —
Mr. President of the United States Agricultural Society,
and Fellow Citizens : I respond cheerfully and heartily to the
sentiment just proposed by the President of the Society. I
am very much astonished l)y the exliibition which I have wit-
nessed, and I only regret that there are not more of the citi-
zens of my own State here, to receive the same impression that
I do to-day. Although, I suppose, we have as large a share
of citizens here, according to the population, as any other
State, upon this occasion, yet the magnitude of this exhibition
— the resources exhibited of our country — should be seen
and acknowledged by every citizen of this country. I am
inadequate to express all that I feel upon this occasion, before
this inmiense assemblage, composed of so much beauty, of so
much intelligence as this, comprising energy, art, every sci-
ence, every branch of agriculture, and the men and women
of every State of this glorious Union.

Mr. President, I congratulate you, sir, and the members of
your society, upon having won a great and glorious victory

137

upon this occasion. Wc cannot, sir, make too profound an
acknowledgment to your Society for the labor and the exertion
which they have had in bringing together this vast multitude,
and exliibiting in such wonderful profusion the abundance
of our land. (Applause.) We have, sir, triumphs of peace
as well as of war. I see here, on either hand of me, two dis-
tinguished generals of the last war with Mexico ; [alluding to
Gen. Cadwallader and Gen. Patterson] and, sir, if this house
could be marshalled, with these two men, we would be proud
again to entrust the flag of our country. (Applause.)

Sir, the warfare on this occasion is a warfare of the hus-
bandman. We have here county against county, State
against State, in a laudable ambition to excel in the produc-
tions both of the workshop and the soil. And, sir, it is far
more gratifying to this country to excel in the arts of peace,
if possible, than in the arts of war.

You have seen fit to compliment my State. She is small in
territory, but, sir, by the intelligence and liberality of her
Legislature, she is now prosecuting a work which I contend
will make our people more intimately acquainted with her
soil and her resources than are the people of any other State
at this time. It is, sir, a geological survey based upon a topo-
grapliical survey by actual triangulation. It is, in short, lay-
ing before the whole people of my State every inch of her
territory. It is simply extending the coast survey over our
territory, and upon that map we exhibit her natural history.

It is not on a genial climate, or fertile soil, or mineral
wealth, that a people must solely rely for their power ; it is
upon the intelligence and the industry- — the hardy industry
of the people — that a nation must rely for its advancement
and for all the social virtues that should pertain to a great
nation. (Applause.) Sir, ignorance, indolence, everywhere
would depopulate a country, whereas, active industry and
intelligence would beautify our fields, would increase the
verdure of our valleys, would place cattle, sir, upon the thou-
sand hills, and contribute in every way to the development
and the progress of this groat country. I am glad, sir, to
respond heartily to the sentiments of the Governor of Penn-

138

sylvania, that appertain particularly to tliis Union. Sir, the
Slave States, and tlie Northern States — the Free States are
unknown to this assemblag-e. (Applause.) Their produc-
tions are looked upon as the same. We are of one common
country and one common brotherhood. They, like us, have
contrilmted their blood and treasure for the blessings and
the liberties that we are now enjoying in such profusion and
abundance. Sir, we sink here, on this occasion, all geo-
graphical or sectional lines. The contributor to this exhibi-
tion from Louisiana, has been as warmly we'Tcomed by the
President of this Society, as the contributor from his own
State, Massachusetts, and I am told that that feeling for the
whole country, that glorious impartiality, has been mag-
nanimously exhibited by the Judges who have been here to
decide in regard to the character of the various articles
exhibited for their judgment.

Sir, it is not alone in the branches of the various agricul-
tural pursuits that Xew Jersey is distinguished. We have,
sir, in comparison to our small population, a larger proportion
of mechanical occupations than probably almost any other
State ; and it is here, sir, that the produce of our work-shops
have been most conspicuously exhibited ; and I am glad to
say to you, sir, that our people are happy and delighted with
the consideration they have received at the hands of this
Society. I thank you, sir, for the honor you have done my
State, and I thank your Society for their kind invitation to
be here upon this occasion. (Applause.)

The President. — The Chair has had the honor to take by
the hand several of the ciiief magistrates of different States,
to-day, and would respectfully request that if any other chief
magistrate of any of our States is present, he would rise in
his place, and speak for his State. [A few moments' pause.]
There being no response, the Chair will take the next senti-
ment in order, which is —

'■•Philadelphia — Well does she maintain, in her institutions and
character, the admirable impress made bv her Franklins and her
Penns."

The Chair would call upon his Honor, the Mayor, for a

response.

139

Mr. Yaux. — So far, sir, as I may be permitted, holding
the position I now do, to speak on l)ehalf of the people of
Philadelphia, it gives me great satisfaction to say that the
interest they feel, and have always felt, and expect to con-
tinue to feel, in the agriculture of our Commonwealth, has
been palpably shown since the commencement of this Na-
tional Fair. If, ^Ir. President, any doubt might exist, for a
moment, as to the true feeling entertained by the people of
Philadelphia for this institution, and the development of this
institution, as it has been shown under all shapes, you need
only look to the ladies of Philadel])hia, who have crowded
your lianquet with their smiling faces. "When Pliiladelphia
is asked to show what interest she feels in her city, or in her
State, no where can you have a true^' response than in wo-
man's heart. (Applause.)

They have come here to-day to see what Agriculture puts
upon your tables ; they have been here day by day to see
what Agriculture puts upon your fields ; and they come
willingly and anxiously to understand what improvements
Agriculture makes in our social conditions. And they find,
Mr. President, the table, presenting, as it does, the fruits and
flowers of the earth, the things upon exhibition around us,
showing that labor has been honored, and the dignity of labor
appreciated. Looking, as they do, upon the honest yeomanry
of Pennsylvania, the great Agricultural State of the Union,
they find that the people of Pennsylvania, when they come
here to mix with the citizens of Philadelphia, find a reception
in the highest order of social excellence. So much has
woman done for the National Fair now held in this, our city,
as an evidence of the interest of our people — the people of
Philadelphia everywhere. I am sure, sir, I can point to no
more agreeable, no more lovely or true testimony of the
interest of our ladies than is present. (Loud applause.]

One word for the people of Philadelphia other than the
ladies. You correctly remarked, sir, and I was delighted to
hear it fall from your lips, that the first Agricultural Society
in the United States that ever organized, organized in the
city of Philadelphia, where the labors of the man who first

140

taught lightning to speak, helped to constitute it, and where
the sages of the country first made this Union known to the
world. Philadelphia has the merit of that, and if there is
any merit attaclied to it, whatever it may be, we cherish that
merit in Philadelphia ; we desire to recur to it appropriately
when the time serves ; and I am happy to understand that
you, as President of this National Agricultural Association,
recognize that in Philadelphia, Agriculture received the first
movement wdiicli has developed itself from the Lakes to the
Pacific. Therefore, Mr. President, the city of Philadelphia,
or so much of her people as I speak for, feel a deep interest
in this institution, and have contriljuted all that they could
contribute to make it successful ; and if anything should lead
vou to understand how deeply, thoroughly, this interest is
felt on behalf of the agricultural interests of our State, I am
sure, sir, you could have no doul)t when you consider that
thousands and thousands of our citizens have visited this
institution.

There are other subjects that I should delight to reier to,
if time permitted ; " but brevity is the soul of wit," and, if I
have no other merit in speaking of Philadelphia than this, I
shall have the merit of saying all that I was asked to say, in.
a few words. (Applause.)

The President. — The pleasant duty, ladies and gentlemen,
falls on me of announcing to you that we have present on
this occasion, the last family representative of the immortal
Washington, (cheers and applause,) the Hon. George Wash-
ington Parke Custis, who will reply to the following sen-
timent : —

^'•Virfjinia — Her name is full of high renown,

Her soil is rich with honored story,
And Washington's nnfadhig crown

Gives deathless radiance to her glory."

Mr. Custis. — Ladies and gentlemen, friends and country-
men, I address you with diffidence, though a public orator
before I had a beard, and in the service of the rostrum for
more than half a century, having had the honor of address-
ing the most renowned of the land, on great and momentous

141

occasions. Surely I was not famed for diffidence in my bet-
ter days, but I am not what I was. Still, though the man is
decaying, the heart is the same. (Applause.) Here is my
country, my whole country, and nothing but my country.
(Tremendous applause.) Let me congratulate this large aiul
honored assembly upon the noblest spectacle now before the
world, and let me ask, where is that country you can show
us like this ? AVhere is that country that can parade in one
mass, some eighty thousand people, all well dressed, and all
well behaved. (Applause.) You cannot do it in Europe,
that claims such civilization. Oh, no 1 Had you the quarter
of those who are here there, amid the pleasant and happy
faces the bayonet of the police would gleam. Here, dear
woman, unattended, with no guard but her own purity, has
moved about in such a vast assemblage. Unprotected, shall
I say ? Oh, no ! The genius of America protects dear
woman. But there, with her little folks, stirring and pleased
with the sight, she must take care of the hoofs of the
horses — she must take care of the ruffian police, that flourish
their batons lest she should come between them and their
nobility. Such are the privileged order ; such are the lands
that have privileged orders. Shall I say we have no privi-
leged orders here ? I mistake. Yes, we have a dear, glori-
ous privileged order. It is blessed woman — privileged for
everything ! (Applause.) Let her march among the crowd,
and show me the man that dares molest her, and a hundred
stalwart arms will annihilate him in a moment. I wish those
fellows over the water had long spy-glasses. (Applause.) I
would like that they should take a look at the noble spectacle
this area has presented. Well, what would they say ? Why,
they would say, " What is all this ? Thirty, forty, sixty
thousand people, do we see there, enjoying themselves in
peace and harmony, without either a soldier, or beggar, or
drunkard among them." They would say, " Verily, verily,
the Yankees are a great people." (Applause.) They may
look at us ; let them look ! They may laugh ; let them
laugh ! But let those laugh that win. Let those laugh who
are destined to win the empire of the world. (Applause.)

142

My frionds, see how kind the elements are. See how this
bright Autumnal sun sheds his glory over our happiness.
Were a Roman augur consulted, he would say, the auspices
are all favorable, and the eagle flies on the dexter hand.
Thank God for all mercies towards my beloved country !

And, verily, we agricultural folks are becoming somewhat
classical in our festivals. The trained horses in harness
remind us of the chariot-horses of ancient Rome. Well,
next come the Athletae ; stalwart young men will be brought
into the ring to struggle for the mastery of manhood. Let
them do it ! It will make a fine spectacle, and those men
will make good soldiers by and by, when they have to strug-
gle with the enemies of their country. Anything of the good
days of ancient Rome, in the times of her glory, the palmy
days of the repuljlic, but the shows of the gladiator. We
will have no blood. All the shows we have shall be in good
friendship and fellowship.

Ladies and gentlemen, you see before you the rising star
of agriculture attempt to ascend to tlie zenith, and be a bea-
con-light for America. It has become honorable to be a tiller
of the soil. The motto of America now is, " Speed the
plough ! " — and it is the true basis of our Union's greatness.
In this favored land of Pennsylvania, aboundiiig in prosperous
forces, which nature has bestowed upon it, give it the re-
sources of art. Speed the plough, and with manly vigor
urge on the tiller of the soil, the man who is wedded to the
soil, the being who is riveted to the soil — show him improve-
ment, and wealth, and fortune before him, aiid thus yoii will
promote the great cause of agriculture and domestic tran-
quility.

Will you permit me to call up a flattering reminiscence of
myself ? It may be in bad taste for a man to praise himself,
but I maintain that in a Republic, where the men are equal,
he who claims to be a public benefactor deserves the merit of
the name. Half a century has gone by since my humble ser-
vices in that generous cause of agriculture were performed in
the establishment of a society offering premiums for the cul-
tivation of wool. It was established with a view to the good

143

of the woolen mfiniifactures. At tliat time, our iiianufac-
tures were in the most depressed state possible. I gave a
yearly premium for the improvement of sheep and domestic
fal)rics, and presented to Thomas Jefferson, then President of
the United States, the first premium fa))ric ever known in
America. The glorious old author of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence received it most cordially. It was made into a
waistcoat, and he wore it on the grand levee of the 4th of
July, 1805. The institution lasted nine years. At its com-
mencement, the sheep of the country scarcely deserved the
name. They could hardly be called wool-bearing animals —
more properly hair. At the expiration of the institution,
and the lapse of nine years, there was shorn from a ewe lamb
of one year old, eleven pounds of wool, nine inches in length.
Well, that is an old story, my friends, but it did good in its
day, and the old man who was the author of it altogether
upon his own hook, can proudly lay his hand upon his heart
and say, my poor services never cost humanity a tear, or my
country a farthing. (Applause.)

But I have lived to see great changes in time and in my
country. The reminiscences of my long life embrace events,
men and things, the most glorious that ever adorned the his-
tory of the world. And you, Pennsylvania ! and you, Phila-
delphia ! that I remember so long ago, let me call up a little
incident, trivial in itself; but all that relates to the great and
good hath weight in every American bosom. I speak of the
arrival of the government here in 1790. And there was the
parade, to welcome, the man of the age, the hero of the
day, the Father of his country. Down Front street we came ;
and here, ladies, there was a little incident happened, which
I have cherished in the memory of long years as one of the
touching reminiscences in the life and history of the beloved
Washington. A lady promised her little boy that if he
would be a very good little fellow he should see the great
man. Well, the procession advanced ; Proctor's brass artil-
lery shook Market street ; the shouts of the people rent the
air ; every window and house-top was filled. On came the
procession ! The little fellow became anxious, and called

144

to his mother, " Mother, mother, where is he ? Where can
1 see him ? " " There my child, look at that magnificent per-
son upon the white charger." Governor Mifflin was upon
one side, and General Walter Stuart upon the other. The
little fellow, amazed, said, " Why, mother, that is a man ! "
The dear boy expected to have seen a monster. Well, if he
is living now he is a grey-headed grandsire, like myself ; but
there are many who, in those ancient days, were carried by
the mothers to the presence of Washington, that he might
lay his hand on their heads ; for they esteemed it an omen of
good to the chihrs life.

Now, you know the influence of Washington in olden
times. Now, you know the reverence, the delight, which all
felt in his presence — the overflowing gratitude which attended
him everywhere. These are proud reminiscences to us Ameri-
cans. Those who glory in the memory of the Father of his
country, feel delight in hearing these old stories of the
reverence which their fathers felt for him whose memory they
now revere.

America saw grand spectacles in the great man's life. See
him surrendering his power. See him take the laurels from
his brow and cast them at the feet of the constituted authori-
ties. See him bow that honored head before whom empires
had bowed, and claim the privilege of returning to his home
as a private citizen. See him forgetting the amount of his
services and saying, " I take nothing for what I have done
for my country, for glory and independence are beyond the
treasures of the earth." (Applause.) And then, my friends,
when he liad laid down that authority which lives not only
in the law, but in the hearts of an empire, he retired to
Mount Vernon to devote himself to the pursuit of agricul-
ture. Every moment of his honored life was devoted to
something useful to his country or humanity. He chose the
plough as the occupation of his latter days. He gave an
impulse to the cause of agriculture by his illustrious exam-
ple ; and thousands flocked to tliat hallowed spot to see the
great problem solved that a man could serve his country
without ambition and without reward. (Applause.) Had

145

you seen him on his farm, (as I have a thousand times,) in
his plain clothes, entirely unattended, taking down the fences
or the bars, superintending his workmen, often taking a tool
and showing them how the operation in hand should bo done,
you would say that in the modern Cincinnattus you beheld
one even greater than had he been the modern Csesar.

Gentlemen, this glorious beginning is destined (as we say
in our country,) to " go ahead." Beyond doubt, the exam-
ple which has been set at this place will be followed through-
out our country, A noble example it is. It is one of those
great incidents which frequently attract the attention and
the admiration of the American people. We are said to be
governed by impulses — sometimes wrong, but oftener right.
Now let the influence of " speeding the plough " — the im-
pulse of encouraging domestic economy and rural occupa-
tions— spread far and wide in the land. Let those who go
from this august festival to their respective neighborhoods,
tell the tale of what they have seen ; let them exhibit the
magnificent prospect which opens before us.

And, my friends, should we be involved in trouble — should
difficulties arise, and America once more have to unfurl the
flag of defiance and defence, what will not be the value of all
these resources ? We could better fight an hundred wars
now, than we could fight one in the gloomy and desolate
days of the Revolution, or even of 1812. Look at the im-
provements of the country. How long would it take you
now to bring 10,000 or 20,000 men from the interior to the
tide-water of Pennsylvania ? Not as long as it would have
taken you, in olden time, to bring twenty men. With the
vast facilities of transportion which you have, you could now
convey artillery enough to batter down any wall. What a
comparison with the wretched resources and meagre facili-
ties which you then possessed. It cannot be so any more.
We will not go backwards. My friends, " on " is the word
now.

Now let me say a single word before I conclude. Most
people are content with one religion, and if an individual is
faithful to that, it is pretty well, but I have two ; I have a

146

religion of Christianity, and a religion of the Revolution.
Therefore, in all my public addresses, amid all the varieties
of those to whom I have spoken publicly for two generations,
I have always called up the story of those revolutionary times.
The sun shines sweetly on you now, my countrymen, but
remember that there was a bitter storm at Valley Forge.
You glory in your liberties ; you run and riot in prosperity —
reniember the days of '76. Bear in mind the services and
sufferings of those who made you what you are ; drop a tear
to their memory, and transmit their fame to the remotest
generation. And you, Pennsylvania — you who have the
temple of Independence here in your bosom on the one side,
and Yalley Forge on the other — go to those decayed and
memorable instances which are left of that ancient encamp-
ment — go and mark there prcetium libertatis — the price of
liberty. See what it costs, and remember with undymg
gratitude the names of those who won for you so much honor
in those trying times — the gallant Cadwalader, and Mifflin,
and Muhlenberg, and Heister, and Hartley, of York — cherish
their memories, and perpetuate their fame. And, my friends,
do as they did in ancient days. Then it was the habit to
lead up the children to the statues of the great men and
benefactors of the country, saying, " Look there, n;iy chil-
dren, those are the men who have made your land what it is ;
and the impress of those marble figures was made indelibly
upon their hearts." I must now, my friends, bid you a kind
adieu. And when I say " farewell," it is a valedictory ; I
shall see you no more. But I carry with me to my distant
home the warmest impressions of the kindness and hospitality
with which I have been honored, and I offer my humble
prayer — the prayer of an old American, whose destinies
have been of no common character — that it may please
Providence to protect and preserve you and our beloved
country. Adieu, my friends and countrymen ; be free, be
prosperous, be happy, and let the Republic be immortal.

Long-continued applause followed the conclusion of Mr.
Custis' address.

147

The following was the next toast : — '

" The PhiladelpMa Society for -promoting Agriculture — The first
Agricultural Society established on the continent of America. Fruit-
ful in its labors, and broad in its influence ; it is our pride to follow
in the steps of so illustrious a parent.

The President of the Philadclpliia Society, Daniel Landreth,
Esq., requested Hon. William M. Meredith, to respond to
this toast, which he did in a very lively and humorous style,
eliciting repeated shouts of laughter. Mr. M. (who stood at
so great a distance from the reporters' table as to be at times
very indistinctly heard,) said : Mr. President and fellow-citi-
zens — Being the first practical ag-ricidturist, I believe, that
has been called upon to express his sentiments, I shall, of
course, endeavor to confine myself to the question of agi-i-
culture somewhat in its desails. (Laughter.) Indeed, the
gentlemen whe have preceded me have exhausted most of
the other subjects which form the general topics of discus-
sion on occasions of this kind. The patriotism, sir, was so
thoroughly exhausted by our two worthy Governors — of
Pennsylvania and New Jersey — that, as you all saw when
you called upon the Governors of other States, who might
be present, none presented themselves, simply because noth-
ing has been left on the subject of patriotism for anybody
to say.

Now, I came rather prepared to speak iipon another topic,
in regard to which I must complain of my friend, the Mayor —
that is, " The Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agricul-
ture." Well, sir, by some accident, (for I cannot believe it
was intentional in him,) he took the topic from me. He has
exhausted it, and I have nothing more to say of that society
than that it is seventy-one years old, and that all that he said
in regard to its merit is true and correct. (Laughter.)

But there is one subject, which I am mortified to see,
should, in an assemblage of this kind, have been so long
overlooked, and which appears to me to deserve attention.
We have witnessed, with great admiration — at least I have —

148

the arrangements for this exhibition of the cattle, the horses,
and the other stock. I think, sir, that it requires as much
genius and skill, as well as zeal and energy, to superintend
those arrangements successfully, as almost any other matter
in which the human mind can be occupied ; and while I
understand that it is to the President of this Society much
merit is due for the arrangements to which I refer, I have
been a little surprised that no particular notice has been,
taken of those merits by my predecessors. They have neg-
lected to return those thanks which I am proud now (and
I am sure that I speak the unanimous feeling of those who
hear me,) to render to you. (Applause.)

It is in human skill that at last we ought to find our
greatest pride as we find our best consequences. What
would be your Herfordshires, and your Suffolks, and your
Barkshires, (you must excuse me if I call them wrongly, for
I am rather old fashioned, and not quite up to the modern
style,) what would be your Blackhawks, and your Eclipses,
and your Henrys, without the skill and the science of man
to arrange them properly for exhibition ? Now, sir, England
may be proud of her hunters and her race-horses ; Holland
may justly boast of her cattle ; other countries of other things.
The forest of Ardennes (I think it was,) made boast of its
wild boar ; but we are more proud of having among us a
Wilder. (Long continued laughter.)

Now, sir, in speaking of boars [bores,] we are not allowed
in Philadelphia (as you know, sir, or as you will know when
you know us a little better,) to have any such thing as set
speeches at a dinner table. The practice elsewhere is dif-
ferent. We know that in the place from which you come,
it is one of the best occasions for Ciceronian orations and
the highest spices of eloquence. We are not permitted to
indulge in such efforts, and we must take things as they
offer.

I have forcibly brought to my recollection on this occasion,
an address that was delivered on the occasion of your last
meeting, by one of your most eminent citizens, whom I am
sorry not to see here to-day — a man distinguished not only

149

for oratory, but as a scholar, as a gentleman, and in every
capacity in which a man can be respected by his fellow-
citizens — known over the whole Union. The great central
fact which struck me — the great central fact which blazed in
the empyrean of his discourse — was the startling fact that
we have among us thirty millions of pigs I (Tremendous
laughter.) He regards it merely as an outside fact ; he treats
it as nothing but the token of the improvement of agricul-
ture ; he looks at it in a sort of Cincinnati view. (Great
laughter.)

To us, who are a ruminating people, and not a talking
people — which, as I have said before, you will find to be a
characteristic of ours after you shall know us better) — to
us, who, therefore, are disposed to look a little deeper into
things, this fact has a rather sublime significance. Thirty
millions of pigs are at this moment — I will not say wander-
ing about us — but, as it were, besieging us; they are upon
us. That, sir, is the statistical fact to which our friend, to
whom I have referred, called your attention ; but he failed
to notice the scientific fact which lay below it, and which we
are assured of by the speculators in, or rather the cultiva-
sors of, natural history, to wit : that among the whole thirty
millions of pigs there are not two tails that are curled in
the same way. (Great merriment.) What astonishing same-
ness, and at the same time diversity, characterizes the works
of nature ! Think of it for a moment, sir. If you can
bring your attention from the scene which is around you,
look for an instant at this fact which I have stated, and
wonder at the wisdom with which nature has been created.
Thirty millions of pigs, all of the same race, yet each pig
individualized by his own identity, and characterized by his
own affections and tastes, selecting his own mud-hole, seeing
the wind in his own way, and prognosticating the weather for
himself, (laughter,) separate from all other races — not cats
nor dogs, not running on a parallel line, as it were, with
dogs — coinciding with them in nothing, " differing in their
lives and divided in their deaths," yet after death — (and
upon that solemn subject, particularly when we have among

150

us so many bishops, I should not like to enter into any dis-
cussion ; trembling philosophy must pause when she comes
to consider that question, and vainly she attempts to strain
her vision into the dim and mysterious regions beyond,) —
yet, after death, I say, it is not possible (it is a mere surmise,
and ought to be taken as sucli,) that they do occasionally
meet in the same sausage ? (Shouts of laughter.)

But, sir, you will pardon me for saying that I did not come
here to speak of pigs. I have been led away by the bril-
liancy of the orator to whom I have referred. I did not
come here to speak on that subject at all. I came to speak of
this ancient Society, which has been better spoken of already
than I can speak of it. Still we may observe, sir, how vast
has l)ccn the change which has been made in all agriculture
since the year 1785, when that Society was established. One
can hardly realize that it is the same science or the same art
that is carried on. You will observe, sir, that the first com-
mand that we have — (I need not quote the authority, sir,
because I am happy to have observed that you have exhibited
a great deal of familiarity with the source to which I am
about to refer, which renders unnecessary any citation) —
the first command was that " man should live by the sweat
of his brow." That is a figure of speech for labor, and it
shows (in as much as he is to get everything by exchanging
labor,) that labor and not money was the great originally
created medium of exchange, and of course, the less a man
can pay away of it, the greater is his capital ; (laughter) —
and this only proves the old established proverb, which says
that " tlie rich are generally lazy," by demonstrating that
the lazy are always rich. (Renewed laughter.)

This being the case, it was natural that in agriculture, as
in all other arts, the great improvement should be in saving
labor. They have carried machinery now to a point which
would astonish any of the venerable fathers of this Society,
to whose toast I am now replying. If Judge Peters, — and
I mention him because all venerate his name and revere his
memory, — if Judge Peters, a practical agriculturist, who
had three hundred acres at Belmont, in this neighboihood,

151

and who, I believe, never failed to get from it a supply of
chestnuts sufficient for his family, (laughter,) — if he could
now see the machinery that is brought to the cultivation and
enrichment of tlie land — if he could see the machine ploughs,
the machine reapers, the machine mowers, the machine thresh-
ers, — every process, in fact, from putting the grain in the
ground, down, almost, to putting it in our mouths, as being
carried on by machinery — and now it is to be done, not only
by machinery, but by steam, — he would understand very
well that we are in the true course of following out the dic-
tates of — (I differ from Gov. Pollock,) — not our industry,
lt)ut our idleness. The ancients said that he who made two
blades of grass grow where one grew before, was greater than
he who founded a city. Why ? Because it was a deal more
labor to found a city than to make two blades of grass grow.
(Laughter.) Besides, it would have been nothing to make
two blades of grass grow with double the labor ; the meaning
was with the same labor to increase the product. Having
gone to this extent, I say our fathers would be astonished at
the progress which has been made in this direction by hu-
manity.

Thus stands agriculture at the present day. But the ad-
vance is going on. We shall step from improvement to im-
provement, until agriculture, like the other sciences, will
necessarily have had its day. A little explanation will make
this obvious. Our chemists have analyzed both the plants,
and the animals, and the earth. We are no longer in the
dark. For instance, we will suppose there is some individual
whose backbone wants a little stiffening — an uncommon case
in this quarter, sir. Chemistry tells him that he wants a par-
ticular quantity of phosphate of lime, I think. How does he
get it ? Why, sir, you have to take that phosphate of lime
and put it in the earth ; then you sow the wheat ; then you
take it out of the earth, and it must pass through a variety of
processes — reaping, threshing, grinding, &c. ; you have your
machines working away at it by steam — (I acknowledge that
you have reduced already all the peasantry of your country
to one engineer, and a stoker for each farm, so that a man.

152

with his eyes shut cannot tell whether he is on a farm or a
steamboat) — you must put the phosphate of lime in the
ground and coax it out with wheat, and reap it, and thresh
it, and grind it, knead it, bake it, and then cut it into slices
and put in your mouth.

The next great inventor, — I hope it may not be you, sir,
because I think immortality of that kind is not what you desire
— will look to saving all these intermediate processes of labor,
and puttmg the phosphate of lime right into the man's mouth.
(Laughter.) Like Columbus with the egg, the simplicity of
the thing will be so great," that every body will w^onder that
it was not thought of sooner. Li medicine we have acted
upon this principle for centuries. When the doctor wants to
administer a little mineral of some sort, some calomel, or mag-
nesia, or anything of that kind, he does not go about planting
seed, and reaping a crop, and then making it into bread, but
he gives it to you at once ; he pops it right down your throat ;
he thrusts the magnesia right into your gullet, and it will do
what it was intended to do. (Laughter.) Now, sir, they
will a^^ply that to food. I am sorry to see, that as to my
views on these topics my friends are not disposed to take them
seriously. Let me suppose another case. A mother, for in-
stance, has come here. She has left a little infant at home,
who, lacking the maternal current of nutrition, requires to
have a supply of pap. There is a cow to be kept, grass to be
cultivated, and the cow to be milked ; and then there is the
wheat that goes into the pap. I think wheat goes into it ; I
am not quite sure. (Laughter.) All these processes must be
gone through with. Now, sir, when this principle shall be
rightly applied, then the mother will come away to the ban-
quet of this sort without hesitation, leaving a little guano tied
to the end of a pocket handkerchief for her infant to suck.
(Great Laughter.) We may imagine, sir, what may be the
character of the banquet which we shall then have. I do not
mean to express the wish for it, because I am content with
things as they are. I am rather conservative ; I do not enter
into these questions of progress ; I go for things as they are,
and I am content to be fed as we have been. (Laughter.)

153

Therefore, I hope it will be some remote successor of yours
■who will preside at a banquet of this kind. The first course
will be a phosophate of lime and carbonate of magnesia ; there
will be a side dish of super-phosophate of iron, and a sort of '
omelette sovfle of gluten. (Laugliter.) That banquet, it is
to be hoped, will not produce so many speeches as have been
inflicted upon you to-day ; for my own part, I hope at least I
may be spared. The first toast announced will probably be,
" The memory of agriculture and the other obsolete sciences."
(Laughter.)

[Amid long continued laughter and applause, the speaker
resumed his seat.]

The following letter from the Hon. R. C. Winthrop of Mass-
achusetts, was then read by the President.

Boston, Oct. 6, 1856.
Hon. Marshall P. Wilder,

President of the U. S. Agricultural Society :

My Dear Sir. — It is with sincere regret that I find myself
compelled to abandon the hope of being present at the Agri-
cultural Banquet on the 10th inst.

In addition to the lively interest which I should have taken
in the occasion personally, I had relied on fulfilling the trust
imposed upon me by my colleagues, of representing the " old
Massachusetts Society for the promotion of Agriculture," and
of offering in their behalf to the United States Society a re-
newed assurance of co-operation and sympathy in the great
objects for which both are associated.

It would have afforded me much pleasure to perform this
service in the city of Philadelphia, Avhich — besides all the
other claims which it has upon our respect and affection, as
the birthplace of great events and as the burial place of great
men — presents a peculiar feature of interest for this occasion,
as having been the cradle of the very earliest association in
the cause of American agriculture.

Massachusetts may be permitted to remember, with pride,
that she herself furnished the original Secretary of that time-
honored association, in the person of one of her sons, whose

154

name will always be a synonyme for a good farmer and an
honest man — Timothy Pickering.

Once more let me assnre you of my deep regret that the
state of my engagements and of my health does not permit
me to be with you on so interesting and attractive an occa-
sion ; and let me beg you to make my respectful acknowledge-
ments and apologies to the Society over which you so honora-
bly and worthily preside.

I venture to place at your disposal the subjoined sentiment,
and remain, dear sir, with great respect and regard, very
faithfully, your obliged friend and servant,

Egbert C. Winthrop.

" Ihe Farmers of Pennsylvania and of tfie United States. — May
they adopt and steadily pursue such a policy in regard both to Agri-
culture and to every other American interest, as shall prevent our be-
loved country from ever being clothed in weeds."

After the above letter and the accompanying toast had been
read, the President said :

I have the honor to announce that we have with us the rep-
resentative of an illustrious ancestor of New England, I might
say, who for many years, (about twenty I think,) was an offi-
cer in the Massachusetts Society for the promotion of Agri-
culture, and who, the past season, has had the opportunity of
visiting the great universal Exhibition at Paris. I introduce
to you the Hon. Josiah Quincy, Jr.

Mr Quincy then spoke as follows :

Fellow Citizens : Perhaps there never was a more unjust
accusation made against a man than was made by the gentle-
man who preceded me, who declared that in Boston after
dinner, we always have a specimen of Ciceronian eloquence.
I can assure you, gentlemen, that if Mr. Winthrop, who signed
the letter, which has been read by the President, had had the
honor of addressing you, you might have had a specimen of
that eloquence, but as the gentleman said concerning the pigs,
none of our tales are told exactly in the same way, (laughter)
I fear, therefore, I shall not be able to give you that specimen
of Ciceronian eloquence which you might expect after his
accusation.

155

But really, Mr. President, I wish, in rising to address this
assembly, to say that I possess the great advantage that one of
my ancestors had, who, a hundred and one years ago, came
from Boston to Philadelphia for the purpose of making a
speech. It seems at that time that the Province of Massachu-
setts Bay had some thoughts, or intended, indeed, to take
Crown Point ; and the. great question then, as it is now, in all
these great movements was, how will Pennsylvania go ? It
was supposed then, as it is now, that the Keystone State was
to be the settler State. (Applause.) My ancestor came here
and had occasion to address the legislature of Pennsylvania,
but being lilvC his successor, a very modest man, he called up-
on a member to assist him, and that memljer happened to be
no less than a runaway appprentice from Boston, Benjamin
Franklin. (Great applause.) What was the worst of it all,
this Benjamin Franklin tells us in his autobiography that, be-
ing consulted by Mr. Quincy upon this subject, he (Franklin)
dictated his speech for him, and not only dictated his speech
for him, but he put it down in his autobiography, so that all
mankind might forever know that he did not make the speech
that he addressed to the Pennsylvanians one hundred years
ago. That speech, happily, was very successful. He came
here to ask for what we call material assistance, and he re-
ceived a donation of ten thousand pounds in order to carry on
the war against Crown Point. But at that time the Quaker
influence was very powerful in Pennsylvania, as I believe it is
still. They were very unwilling that any of their money
should be expended in any articles of war. They had no in-
tention of contributing anything to the destruction of man-
kind. The bill was passed, however, and the £10,000 were
granted, upon condition that they should be expended in the
purchase of wheat or some other grain. Dr. Franklin says it
was all spent in the purchase of provisions ; but tradition says,
after they obtained the grant, they consulted the Doctor upon
the subject, whether some of it could not be appropriated to
the purchase of warlike amunition ; and upon looking care-
fully over the bill, said the Doctor, powder comes in grain.
This bill provides that you should expend the money either

156

for wlieat or some other grain. Now, powder is not wheat,
but there is no sort of reason in the world why yon should
not expend a part of this money for gunpowder. Now that,
I think, was a great agricultural discovery. (Laughter.)

I should like, Mr. President, to ask the agriculturists here
a question. You know, sir, that with us whenever there is a
question, which no mortal Yankee can answer or giiess at, we
always say, that is a thing that would puzzle a Philadelphia
awyer. I should like to propound this question to agricultu-
rists here, whether this agricultural discovery of Dr. Frank-
lin, aljout grain, rose from his having been brought up in New
England, or having been brought up in Penitsylvania, or
whether it was that the good seed fell upon good ground, and
that he had an opportunity of making this great agricultural
discovery for the benefit of his native State.

You have, Mr. President, kindly alluded to the fact of my
having been present at the great Agricultural Exhibition
which recently took place at Paris. I would that it were in
my power to convey to you an adequate idea of the splendor
of that pageant, the most splendid perhaps, that was ever giv-
en in lionor of agriculture. As you entered the magnificent
building which covered acres of ground, you found in the
centre a garden laid out with trees, fruits, and flowers, all
subjects for competition. Under the long and extended gal-
leries the cattle were ranged. More than a thousand cattle
were under one roof. The various articles that were offered
to competition amounted to more than nine thousand, and
more than thirteen hundred head of cattle, of forty different
breeds, were exhibited. Every thing that could be done was
done to render this exhibition a splendid pageant. The ar-
rangements were such that it appeared rather like a drawing
room than an exhibition.

I wish I had the time to give you some little account of per-
haps the most honorable and one of the most politic acts that
the present great Emperor of France ever performed. I
should like very much to give you an account (as it seems to
be a very interesting subject to the audience) of the contro-
versy that arose between the pigs of England and the pigs of

157

Franco. The pigs of England appeared fat and comfortable —
the real idealization of a certain Prince, who declared that
there was but one gentleman in England and he was a hog.
(Laughter.) The pigs of France, upon the other hand, were
tall, long legged fellows, who took very good care to get their
own living ; and the end of the matter was that one of these
French pigs carried off the first premium. (Laughter.)

But perhaps you would like to know — I know all Ameri-
cans would, what part America took in the great exhibition.
From the summit of the various pinnacles of this building
were displayed the flags of every nation that contributed to it,
and among the rest was the star spangled banner. (Loud
Applause.)

It was a long time before I could find out what part Amer-
ica took in the exhibition. We had no cattle, and as they
called McCormick's Reaper a French American invention,
they would not even allow us the benefit of that. I met, how-
ever, with a great fiiend of America, Mr. Vattemere, and he
told me that when this exhibition was first organized, the
Minister of the interior came to him and expressed a very
great regret that they could not have the l^anner of America
displayed, because there was no exhibition of any of our ag-
ricultural products. Upon that hint Mr. Vattemere went to
work and made an exhibition — but such an exhibition, I
doubt whether any American ever dreamed of.

Li the first place, there was Georgia, represented by about
eight or ten pounds of rice. There was South Carolina, rep-
resented by about as many pounds of cotton. There was
Vermont, represented by some native woods, cut in the form
of books, with the bark upon the back of them. There was
Connecticut, represented by a quantity of wooden ware, pails,
lemon squeezers, and cocoa-nut shell dippers. Pennsylvania
had no representation at all. But as to the great agricultural
State of New York, it was represented by two bottles, one of
which contained the oil of winter-green, and the other the es-
sence of peppermint.

At the conclusion of the exhibition, Mr. Vattamere, who is
as true an American as any Frenchman could be, came to me

158

with liis face radiant with delight, and said : " You laugh at
mi/exhibicione, but I have got von gold medall, two silver med-
all and four honorable mentions.''^ The rice took the first, and
for the honor of the State of New York, the essence of pep-
})crmint took the last. So much for our contributions to the
great World's exhibition in honor of agriculture. I mention
it here in the hope that whenever again there may be such a
call for the agriculturalists of the world to assemble, the Uni-
ted States will make a suitable response.

Mr. President, we have all heard, I suppose, as the gentle-
man who preceded me has said, quite enough of patriotism ;
but I cannot help alluding to one fact connected with the ag-
ricultural community, and that is the vast power and influ-
ence that they must ever command. "It is not" as Burke
says, " those Avho make all the noise that are the only inhab-
itants of the field. " We have, I believe, by the census, 24,000
lawyers, and wc have 2,400,000 freemen who earn their sub-
sistence by their labor upon the soil. And, sir, gentlemen
have told us that men ought to be contented to be farmers,
and not be ambitious. I should like to know, Mr. President,
what position is a better vaulting ground for ambition than
that of the farmer ? We have had many Presidents distin-
guished for a great variety of reasons, but sir, they all of
them, just before their election or afterwards, have been far-
mers.

There, sir, was the farmer of !Mount Yernon, and the farmer
of Monticello, the farmer of Ashland, and the farmer of the
Hermitage, the farmer of Marshfield, and the farmer of Lin-
denwald ; and even now, the whole country is in an uproar
concerning the comparative merits of the bachelor farmer of
Wheatland, and the golden farmer of Mariposa. (Great ai>
plause.)

Far be it from me to introduce any thing political upon this
occasion, but if I may be permitted, I will conclude by simply
giving you a sentiment :

" The great Agricultural interests ! May they so manage the tarm
of this Union, as never to let any root of bitterness spring up amongst
tkem."

159

The next toast was as follows :

" The State of New York ! Her agricultural resources are sur-
passed only by her commercial enterprize. May the development
and progress of both correspond to her motto, ' Excelsior.' "

The Hon. A. B. Conger, of New York, then responded as
follows :

Mr. President and Ladies and Gentlemen : — Called upon
to respond to the toast which has just been announced by the
President of your Society, in the absence of gentlemen better
known to you all, and better gifted to speak of the agricul-
tural interests of the Empire State, I regret that I am obliged
to preface the few remarks which 1 have to make, with the
confession of my great inability to represent those vast inter-
ests. But I am relieved to some extent of this responsibility,
when I find a more honorable mention made here, in the City
of Philadelphia, by the Agricultural Society of the Union, of
the Agricultural Society of my native State, than was made at
the great exhibition at Paris, of which you have just heard.
I rejoice to know that our position is appreciated here, and
that our efforts in the advancement of agricultural interests
are duly acknowledged. With sorrow I should have hid my
face, as no doubt the gentleman from Massachusetts (Mr.
Quincy) did, unless he turned away with either an expres-
sion of surprise, or an ill concealed laugh, when I saw that
the Empire State of the Union, known by her motto, " Ex-
celsior," was represented at the exhibition only by the essence
of peppermint. I trust that, through the friendly auspices of
this Society, not only this, but all the other agricultural soci-
eties representing our sister States, will have a more honora-
ble and a more creditable representation in the next World's
Fair. (Applause.)

Mr. President, as one desirous to tread in the footsteps of
one so eminent as an agriculturist, although it must be with a
faltering step, yet with a willingness to learn, I cannot with-
hold the expression of wonder which I have experienced in
witnessing this exhibition. I doubt whether there are many
Americans at heart, who could withhold an expression of hon-
est pride, as in surveying the countless productions gathered

160

together in this immense area, they have witnessed tlie tro-
phies of American skill applied to American agriculture. Go
with me, and your pulse will he quickened, as you cast your
eye upon that machine, which a few years ago startled the old
world, and made them acknoAvledge that American ingenuity
had produced the most successful reaper known. (Applause.)
That triumph to the inventive genius of the age, is presented
here by one who was a son of the Old Dominion, but who has
now sought his home far from the centre point of her old ter-
ritorial possessions, with no divided allegiance, either to his
native or adopted State. He brings it here as he brought it
before the world, a proud effort of his genius in behalf of
American agriculture.

Again, a son of Massachusetts has produced what, in my
judgment, will work a great change in the adaptation of the
principles of scientific mechanics to the progress of the plow.
Our motto, in our ignorance of those principles, was once,
" God speed the plow," but now it is, " science has sped the
plow." The name of Knox, perhaps never yet mentioned in
so large an audience as this, as eminent in this department of
mechanics, deserves to be remembered and honored through-
out the land by every man who, either for himself or for his
laborers, desires to see his plowing managed in a skilful, easy,
and expeditious manner. With great pride, as a citizen of
New York, and a member of her State Agricultural Society,
I will say to you, that one, whose heart led him to follow on-
ward in the footsteps of Washington, in his desire for an ag-
ricultural life and the repose of a rural homestead, under the
wise counsels of his father, crossed the Atlantic a few years
ago, while he was yet a mere youth, and brought back from
the herds in which Britain delights, the choicest specimens of
beef maturing Durhams, and has exhibited the evidence of his
skill and of his judgment, to the delight of thousands at this
exhibition. If time permitted me, I would like to make hon-
orable mention also, of many other citizens who have done
much to advance the interests of Agriculture. I should like,
above all, to say to our friend from South Carolina, that we
hold in great esteem that daring spirit of his that ventured to

161

the northern slopes of the Himilayas, in search of some evi-
dence of his theory in regard to the physiological laws of
breeding, and who was the first of all to bring within the vis-
ion of civilized man, the Caslnnere goat, whose progeny you
have witnessed here, doubtless, with great delight. (Ap-
plause.) But I must pause in making further mention of the
efforts made by our noble and patriotic citizens to advance the
cause we all have so much at heart. Introduced as they are,
under the auspices of this and kindred societies, and stimu-
lated as they are by your favor, Mr. President, and the aid of
your society, they appear here at this time with the proud con-
sciousness that they come as countrymen of Washington and
American citizens, to lay these specimens of their skill upon
the common altar of their country. Let no man speak to us
hereafter of the possibility that the national peace may be en-
dangered from any result that may follow from political inter-
ference with it. With the agriculturist the country is safe.
Upon his aid and support it must always rely for its safety
and permanency. (Applause.)

Mr. President, allow me to suggest, seeing as we do, the
great advance made in the department of agriculture from
year to year, that we should be false to ourselves, if we did
not consider that the future destiny of American agriculture
will be the proudest that ever graced that of any nation.
When the intelligence gained here to-day has been sent to the
four quarters of our broad continent, when mind is stimulated
to its highest pitch in its natural ardor to promote the interests
of the farmer, when gentlemen, who have made satisfactory
and scientific experiments, can talk to you about the introduc-
tion of the Chinese sugar millet into the Northern States, and
that it is capable of producing four hundred gallons of syrup
to the acre — when modern science reveals the extreme possi-
bility that, with a little aid to be derived from some future
Arkwright, flax, like cotton, can be spun at the North, and
shipped to all parts of the world, what a glorious destiny may
we not predict for the future of American agriculture ! We are
lost in amazement in view of the glorious destiny that awaits
us in the coming time. The products of our skill and enter-

162

prize, will ere long have a world for a market, and American
skill and enterprize be appreciated and richly rewarded every-
where.

And now, sir, if I may undertake to represent the senti-
ment of the Society for whom I speak, I will close, by giving
you the following sentiment :

" The Agricultural prosperity of these United States, the first fruits
of Constitutional liberty. It is the bssis, support and surest pledge
of the perpetuity of our institutions." — (Applause.)

In response to an invitation from the President, Judge
Robeson, President of the New Jersey State Agricultural So-
ciety, spoke as follows :

He said that he rose with great diffidence to respond for the
State of New Jersey upon this occasion ; but New Jersey
never failed to do her duty from the time that tried men's
souls until now, and her sons were always ready to take the
part assigned them, whether it was in the battle fields or in
the fields where they cultivated their grain and scattered their
seed. (Applause.) Neither by education, talent or practice,
was he able to enchain the attention of an audience like this
and hold them willing auditors. He felt proud of the honor,
and he claimed no higher distinction than that of being a
farmer and the son of a farmer. He represented a State
where they were all farmers, and though it was called the
sand-bank State, yet she had done as much in proportion to
her population, within ten years, to improve agriculture, as
any other State in the Union. Her sons were the descendants
of those, who, in olden times, succeeded in all they undertook,
and who, in the days of the Revolution, contended for the
principle that eventually triumphed, that there should be "no
taxation without representation." A sheaf of wheat and corn
was the motto of New Jersey in the olden time, which showed
that even at that day due honor was paid to agriculture. He
hoped then, for the honor of New Jersey, that she would not
now come out second best in the premiums to be awarded to-
day by this Society. He came here not to speak, for he had
no idea that any remarks were expected from him ; but the
State of New Jersey had been called upon, and he felt him-

103

self ill honor bound to respond, from tlie fact that lie was the
descendant of those who had for five generations lived in New-
Jersey, that his father died President of the Agricultural So-
ciety of that State more than thirty years ago, and that he
himself in his humble person had the honor of raising, more
than twenty years ago, more than one hundred bushels of
corn to the acre. His earliest lessons were those that taught
him to remember the honor and dignity due to the man who
tills the soil ; and he believed that the appellation of an inde-
pendent, intelligent and industrious farmer was one of the
greatest compliments that could be bestowed upon a man. He
would say one thing more, and then he would relieve their pa-
tience. He only wished to say that, as in the days that tried
men's souls, New Jersey stood side by side in the struggles of
the Revolution, so, notwithstanding all that had been said, if
ever the cry of disunion should be raised, the farmers of New
Jersey, and, if it was necessary, the President of their Society
at their head, would come forward and evince their love of the
Union by their action. (Applause.)

The President then stated that, after the next toast and the
response thereto, the premiums would be announced. As in
old time the best wine was saved till the last, so now he had
reserved the sentiment to the Ladies. He would give —

" The Modier of our Race — If she lost us some of the fruits of
the garden of Eden, and caused our expulsion from Paradise, she has
made amjjle compensation in providing daughters enough to make a
Paradise of all the world."

"A seedling sprung from Adam's side,

A most celestial shoot,
Became of Paradise the pride,

And bore a world of iruit."

The gentleman who was expected to respond to this senti-
ment not being present, at the request of the President the
audience joined in singing " Auld Lang Syne."

The President then announced that the premiums would be
awarded ; and they were read accordingly by Mr. Stockwell,
reporter for the Boston Journal, who kindly consented thus to
aid the Secretary, who was engaged in the field duties.

164

LIST OF DELEGATES AND GUESTS.

The delegations and guests which honored the exhibition with their pres-
ence, generally, particijDated in the festivities of the Banquet. Herewith, we
insert those which appeared on the Register of Visitors : —

Pennsylvania. — His Excellency Gov. Pollock, Rt. Rev. Bishop Potter,
His Honor Mayor Vaux, and members of the Councils, Hon. Wm. M. ^Nlere-
dith, Ex-Gov. Porter, David Landreth, President, and a large delegation from
the Philadelphia Agricultural Society, Gen. Patterson, Gen. Cadwallader,
(Messrs. McMichael, Harding, Rice, and other Editors of the Philadelphia
Press,) Drs. Ehvyn, Fisher, Brinckle, Kennedy, and Emerson, P. R. Freas,
John Rice, Anthony Newbold, J. McGowan, C. W. Harrison, most of the
gentlemen Avhose names are borne on the list of local officers. Dr. James A.
McCrea, William Stavely, James C. Connell, Adrian Connell, J. S. Williams,
President and Delegates from Bucks County Society ; Geo. F. Roberts, Secre-
tary ISIontgomery Agricultural Society, A. Bevans, I. D. Streeper, Delegates ;
Samuel Yoke, President Farmers and Mechanics Institute, Northampton
County ,'Geo. W. Yates, Secretary, James Shoemeker, Evan Slough, VV. Firm-
stone, Delegates ; Geo. W. Holmes, Samuel C. Willits, I. M. Williams,
Charles R. King, Charles Norris, Amos E. Kapp, Vice President State Agri-
cultural Society, E H. Titler, Loyd Jones, Henry T. Darlington, I. Knabb ;
H. Green, H. S. Evans, Enos Benner, L. H. Ganse, Samuel Roberts, H. R.
Noll, William Badger, Daniel Webster, Isaac W. Van See, E. B. Moore,
Nicholas Jones, J. K. McCurdy, F. S. Boas, President and Delegates from
Berks County Agricultural Society, Samuel Emlen, Farm Journal.

South Carolina. — John C. Chambers, F. L. Golding, A. G. Summer,
Delegates from State Agricultural Society.

Georgia. — James Comak, Secretary Georgia State Agricultural Society,
Richard Peters, I. F. \Varing, Robert Thomas, D. Redmond, Robert Battey,
Delegates from Southern Central Agricultural Society.

New York. — Hon. John A. King, T. J. Faxlon, President New York
State Agricultural Society, Edward G. Faile, Samuel Thorne and Dr. Her-
man Wendell, Vice Presidents New York State Agricultural Society,
Col. L. G. Morris, Ex-President New York State Agricultural Society,
H. S. Olcott, G. E. Waring, Jr., John M. Bixby, Delegates from Ameri-
can Institute, C. S. Wainvvright, Executive Committee New York State
Agricultural Society, L. H. Tucker, Editor Albany Cultivator, Hon. George
Vail, Ex-President New York State Agricultural Society, Capt, Watson, Jon-
than Thorne, I. McGrane, Jr., J. N. Holmes, Charles Bathgate, Hon. A.
B. Conger, Delegate State Ag. Society, Haverstraw, A. P. Cumings, D. M.
Reese, Delegates from American Institute New York, Geo. J. Pumpelley,

165

Solon Robinson, Joseph Harris, Editor Genesee Farmer, M. P. Parish, Edi-
tor Plow, Loom and Anvil ; W. V. Stuart, Editor New York Times, Dr. Ur-
derhill, John G. Bergen, Hon. John Jay, S. R. Chapman, R. C. McCormick.

Louisiana. — George S. Guion, and others.

Maryland.— Col. Anthony Kimmell, Charles B. Calvert, J. Howard
McHenry, Ran-.say McHenry, William H. Lease, Robert Bowie, INIaryland
Agricultural Society, Samuel Sands, Editor American Farmer.

Delaware. — His Excellency Gov. Causey, Dr. J. W. Thomson, John
Jones, George Jepper Norris, Edward Tatnall, and others.

New Jersey. — His Excellency Gov. Price, Hon. Wm. P. Robeson, Presi-
dent State Agricultural Society, J. H. Frazee, Secretary State Agicultural
Society, Gen. Irick, Wm. Reid, Isaac R. Connell, William P. Roberts, James
Burtis, Daniel Willis, William Parry, Geo. Hartshorne, Vice President N.
J. State Agricultural Society, Orrin Pharo, J. C. Ridgway, Arthur V. Co-
nover, C. M. Saxton, Edward Bettle, A. S. Barber, Thomas C. Knight, L.
E. Berckmans, A. Millar.

Ohio. — Thomas Brown, (editor Ohio Farmer,) Col. Webb, B. Stedman,
Thomas W. Ladd, C. W. Clark, J. T. Warder, W. E. ide.

Massachusetts. — Josiah Quincy, Jr., Simon Brown, C. M. Hovey —
Charles L. Flint, John Brooks, William G. Lewis, Ivers Phillips, (Delegates
from the State Board of Agriculture) — David Leavitt, George M. Atwater,
Gen. T. S. Tyler, Ezra Forristall, Harvey Dodge, Aaron D. Weld, P. Sted-
man, J. H. Demond.

Kentucky. — H. P. Byram, Kentucky State Agricultural Society, L. J.
Bradford, Kentucky State Agricultural Society, W. T. Calmes, Fayette County
Agricultural Society.

Virginia. — Hon. George W. P. Custis, Ex-Gov. Smith, Col. Ware, John
G. Turpin, Union County Agricultural Society, C. F. Taggart, I. T. Dulany,
Robert L. Wright.

District ov Columbia. — W. W. Corcoran, B. B. French, B. O. Taylor,
Washington, and others.

Rhode Island. — I. N. Francis, Providence, G. W. Foss, and others.

CoNNhXTiCUT. — H. W. Pitkin, Delegate from State Agricultural Society,
J. N. Blakeslee, and others.

Alabama. — Thomas W. Phelps.

California. — J. H. Hill, President of Tonawa Agricultural Society, Simp-
son Thompson, J. Q. A. Warren, Delegates from State Agricultural Society,

Most of the Judges whose names are borne on the various Committees,
were also present at the banquet.

166

LIST OF ENTRIES.

CATTLE DEPARTMENT.

No. 1. Don Pedro, bull, Durham breed, aged 1 year; raised
in Philadelphia ; owned by Thomas P. Remington, Philadelphia.

No. 2. Richard Booth, bull, ^")urham breed, aged 2 years; raised
in England ; owned by same.

No 3. Lord Raglan, bull, Durham breed, aged 1 year ; raised in
Philadelphia ; owned by same.

No. 4. Lord Barrington 2d., bull, Durham breed, aged 4 years
raised in New York; owned by same.

No. 5. Lady Barrington 6th, heifer, Durham breed, aged 1 year;
raised in Philadelphia ; owned by same.

No. 6. Flora 2d heifer, Durham breed, aged 2 years ; raised in
Philadelphia ; owned by same.

No. 7. Donna Maria 4th., heifer, Durham breed, aged 2 years;
raised in Philadelphia; owned by same.

No. 8. Duchess (of Red Leaf,) heifer, Durham breed, aged 1
year ; raised in Philadelphia ; owned by same.

No. 9. Lady Barrington 5th., heifer, Durham breed, aged 2
years ; raised in Philadelphia ; owned by same.

No. 10. Laura, heifer, Durham breed, aged 2 years ; raised in
Delaware (Jo. Penn ; owned by same.

No. 11. Poppy 3d., heifer, Durham breed, aged 2 years; raised
in Philadelphia ; owned by same.

No. 12. Beauty of Red Leaf, heifer, Durham breed, aged 6
months ; raised in Philadelphia ; owned by same.

No. 13. Corn Tassel, calf, Durham breed, aged 2 months ; raised in
Philadelphia ; owned by same.

No. 14. Louis Napoleon^ bull, Alderney breed, aged 2 years ; raised
in Philadelphia ; owned by same.

No. 15. Le Couteur 3d., bull, Alderney breed, aged 2 years;
raised in Philadelphia ; owned by same.

No. 1 G. Alderney Lady 3d., heifer, Alderney breed, aged 2 years ;
raised in Philadelphia; owned by same.

No. 17. Louisa 3d., heifer, ALlerney breed, aged 2 years; raised
in Philadelphia ; owned by same.

No. 18 to 25. Heifers, Alderney breed, raised in Philadelphia;
owned by same.

Nos. 26 to 35. Working oxen, raised in Connecticut. Owned by
Jacob N. Blakeslee, of Connecticut.

No. 36. One yoke of oxen, Devon grade, aged 5 years; raised in
Connecticut ; owned by same.

No. 37. One yoke of oxen, Devon grade, aged 5 years ; raised in
Connecticut ; owned by Joseph Blakeslee, Connecticut.

167

No. 38. One yoke of oxen, Devon grade, aged 3 years ; raised
in Connecticut ; owned by ssme.

No. 39. One yoke of oxen, Devon grade, aged 3 years ; raised
in Connecticnt ; owned by Jacob N. Blakeslee, Conn.

No. 40, Norfolk, bull, Devon breed, aged 3 years; weight 1250 ;
raised in Connecticut ; owned by same.

No 41 . Jenny Lind, cow, Devon breed, aged 5 years ; raised in
Connecticut; owned by same.

No. 42. Matchless, cow, Devon breed, aged 6 years ; owned
by same.

No. 43. Jessie, cow, Devon breed, aged 2 years ; owned by
same.

No. 44. Matchless, cow, Devon breed, aged 1 year ; raised in
Connecticut ; owned by same.

No. 45. Young Prince, bull, Devon breed, aged 2 years ; weight
950 ; owned by same.

No 4G. Perfection, bull, Devon breed, aged 1 year ; weight 900 ;
raised in Connecticut ; owned by same.

No. 47. Fairy, heifer, Devon breed, aged 1 year, raised in Con-
necticut ; owned by same.

Nos. 48 to GO. Cattle, Devon breed, raised in Connecticut ;
owned by same.

No. 61. Lord Barrington, bull, Durham breed, aged 5 years;
raised in Pennsylvania ; owned by Dennis Kelly, Lower Marion
Montgomery Co Penn.

No. 62. Delight, cow, Durham breed; aged 4 years; raised in
Pennsylvania ; owned by same.

No. 63. Delight 2d., cow, Durham breed, aged 4 years ; raised
in Pennsylvania ; owned by same.

No. 64. Delight 3d., (cow and calf,) Durham breed, aged 6 years ;
raised in Pennsylvania ; owned by same.

No. 65. Beauty, cow, Durham breed, aged 4 years ; raised in
Pennsylvania ; owned by same.

No. 66. Lady Slipper, cow, Durham breed, aged 4 years ;
raised in Pennsylvania. Owned by Patrick Boyle, Delaware Co.
Penn.

No. 67. Kate, heifer, Durham breed, aged 2 years ; raised in
Pennsylvania ; owned by same.

No. 68. Beauty Spot, heifer, Durham breed, aged 1 year ; raised
in Pennsylvania ; owned by same.

No. 69. Liberator, bull, Durham breed, aged 4 years ; raised in
England ; owned by Charles Kelley, Kelleysville, Delaware Co.
Penn.

No, 70. Kate Kearney 2d., cow, Durham breed, aged 10 years ;
raised in Delaware County. ; owned by same.

No. 71. Lady Margaret, cow, Durham breed, aged 6 years ;
raised in Delaware Co . ; owned by same.

No. 72. Symmetry, oow, Durham breed, aged 2 years ; raised
in Delaware Co ;. owned by same.

168

No. 73. Miss Sallie, cow, Durham breed, aged 2 years ; raised in
Delaware Co ; owned by same.

No. 74. Miss Wells, heifer, Durham breed, aged 1 year ; raised
in Delaware Co ; owned by same.

No. 75. Miss Mary, heifer, Durham breed, aged 1 year ; raised
In Delaware Co. ; owned by same.

No. 7G. Kate Kearney, calf, Durham breed, aged 1 year; raised
in Delaware Co. ; owned by same.

No. 77. Highlander, bull, Ayrshire breed, aged 5 years ; owned by
John Merryman, Baltimore Co.

No. 78. Mars, Jjull, Ayrshire breed, aged 2 J years ; owned by
same.

No. 79. St. Nicholas, bull, Devon breed, aged 2i years ; owned
by same.

No. 80. Nannie, cow. Grade breed, aged 11 years ; owned by same.

No. 81. Mary Bond, cow. Grade breed, aged 5 years ; owned by
same.

No. 82. Kitty Clover, cow, Grade breed, aged 4 years ; owned
by same.

No, 83. Alita, heifei', Grade breed, aged 2 years ; owned by same.

No. 84. Martha, milch cow. Grade breed, aged 6 years : owned
by same.

No. 85. Black Beauty, cow, Spanish breed, aged 12 years ; owned
by same.

No. 86. Heifer, Aryshire breed, aged 1 year, raised in Maryland ;
owned by Aaron Clement, Phila.

No. 87. Heifer, Ayrshire breed, aged one year, raised in Mary-
land ; owned by same.

No. 88. Victory, bull, Herford breed, aged 5 years, raised in Mary-
land ; owned by Wm. D. Bowie, Jr., Maryland.

No. 89. Helen, cow, Devon breed, aged 3 years ; owned by Geo.
Blight, Philadelphia.

No. 90. Bull, Devon breed, aged 1 year ; owned by Atherton
Blight, Philadelpia.

No. 91. Owned by L. H. Twaddell.

No. 92. Tecumseh, bull, Devon breed, aged 2 years, raised in
West Chester Co. ; owned by E. G. Faile, West Chester Co., N. Y.

No. 93. Jenny, cow, Devon breed, aged G years, imported ; owned
by E. G. Faile, "West Chester county, N. Y.

No. 94. Titania, cow, Devon breed, aged 3 years, imported ;
owned by same.

No. 95. Cleopatra, heifer, Devon breed, aged 2 years, imported ;
owned by same.

No. 96. Pansey, heifer, Devon breed, aged 1 year; raised in West
Chester county, owned by same.

No. 97. Highflyer, bull, Durham breed, aged 1 year ; owned by
Daniel B. Haight, Dutchess county, N. Y.

No. 98. Bull, Durham breed, aged 1^ years ; owned by James
Policy, Jr.

1G9

No. 99. Paris, bull, Devon breed, aged 2 years ; owned by AVm.
B. Dobbins, Baltimore, Md.

No. 100. John Halifax, bull, North Devon breed, aged 1 year;
owned by same.

No. 101. Coral, cow, North Devon breed, aged 3 years ; owned
by same.

No. 102. Milcah, cow, North Devon breed, aged 3 years; owned
by same.

No. 103. Zaidee, cow, North Devon breed, aged 3 years ; owned
by same.

No. 104. Ethel, cow, North Devon breed, aged 3 years ; owned by
same.

No. 105. Sybil, cow, North Devon breed, aged 3 years ; owned
by same.

No. 106. Buxom, cow, North Devon breed, aged 3 years ; owned
by same.

No. 107. Victoria, cow ; owned by Jonathan Knight, Feasterville,
Bucks county. Pa.

No. 108. Prince Albert, bull, owned by same.

No. 109. Cow and Calf, Durham breed ; owned by "Washington
Bishop, Rosetree, Del. county. Pa.

No. 110. Lady Jane, cow, Durham breed, aged 4 years; owned
by James Robb, West Philadelphia.

No. 111. Mystery, bull, Hereford breed, aged 3 years; owned by
William H. Sotliam, Owego, Tioga county, N. Y.

No. 112. Myrtle, cow, Hereford breed, aged 4 years ; owned by
same.

No. 113. Bombazine 2d, cow, Hereford breed, aged 7 years ; owned
by same.

No. 114. Pretty Maid, cow, Hereford breed, aged 9 years; owned
by same.

No. 115. Bright Eyes, cow% Hereford breed, aged 3 years; owned
by same.

No. 116. Tuberose, cow, Hereford breed, aged 2 years ; owned
by same.

No. 117. Lady, heifer, Hereford breed, aged 2 years; owned by
same.

No. 118. Gentle, heifer, Hereford breed, aged 1 year; owned by
M'Fordes, Owego, Tioga county, N. Y.

No. 119. Halfred, cow. Grade breed, aged 5 years ; owned by Wm.
H. SotI)am, Owego, Tioga county, New York.

Nos. 120. Steers, Hereford breed ; owned by same.

No. 121. Uncas, bull, Devon breed; owned by James Howard
McHenry, Maryland.

No. 122. Dahlia, cow, Devon breed ; owned by same.

No. 123. Myrtle, cow, " " "

No. 124. Queen of Hearts, cow " " "

No. 125. R. of Lancaster, cow, " " "

170

No. 126, Commodore, bull, Alderney, owned by same.

No. 127. Charity, cow, « " "

No. 128. Lady, cow, " " "

No. 129. Asia, cow, " " "

No. 130. Faith, cow, " « «

No. 131. Red Rose, bull, Devon breed, aged 3 years ; owned by
same.

No. 132. Cow, Devon breed, aged 4 years ; owned by same.

No. 133. Cow, Devon breed, aged 4 years; owned by same.

No. 134. Midshipman, bull, Alderney breed, aged 2 years ; owned
by same.

No. 135. Victoria, cow, Alderney breed, aged 6 years ; imported ;
owned by Jno. Glenn, Baltimore.

No. 136. Landslip, cow, Alderney breed, aged 8 yeai's ; imported;
owned by same.

No. 137. Duchess, heifer, Alderney breed, aged 1 year; raised ia
Maryland ; owned by same.

No. 138. Marigold, heifer, Alderney breed, aged 1 year; raised in
Maryland ; owned by same.

No. 139. Empress, beifer, Alderney breed, aged 1 1-2 years ; owned
by same.

No. 140. Queen, heifer, Alderney breed, aged 1 1-2 years; owned
by same.

No. 141. Sam, bull, Alderney breed, aged 1 1-2 years; owned by
same.

No. 142. Baron, Alderney breed, aged 1 years ; owned by same.

No. 143. Seventy Yoke Working Oxen, Grade; by Chester
County Agricultural Society.

No. 144. Bull^ Ayrshire breed, aged 1 year; owned by T. Bettes,
New York.

No. 145. Cow and Calf, Durham, aged 7 years; owned by Neal
McConnell, Lower Morion. Montgomery county.

No. 1 46. Montezuma, bull, Durham, aged 8 years ; raised in Dele-
ware county ; owned by James Palmer and Son, Kingsessing.

No. 147. Jenny Lind, Durham, aged 6 years; owned by same.

No. 148. Florinda, Durham, aged 4 years ; owned by same.

No. 149. Kate, Durham, aged 4 years; owned by same.

No. 150. Polly, cow. Grade, aged 12 years; raised in Philadel-
phia ; owned by John Turner, Rising Sun.

Nos. 151, 152, 153. Fat Cattle; owned by Caleb Brinton, Jr.,
West Chester, Penn.

No. 154. Grade breed; owned by Charles Lloyd, Darby.

No. 155. Dairy Maid, heifer. Grade, aged 22 months ; owned by
Robert Little.

No. 156. Butter Cup, heifer. Grade, aged 2 1-2 years ; owned by
same.

No. 157. Tonawanda, bull, Devon, aged 2 1-2 years; owned by
Isaac Pearson, Philadelphia.

No. 158. Jersey Prince, bull, Jersey (Alderney), aged 3 years;
owned by Roswell L. Colt, Patterson, N. J.

171

No. 150. St. Clement, bull, Jersey, aged 1 year; owned by same.

So. 1 ()(). Racer, cow, Jersey, aged 3 years ; " "

No. IGl. Gypsey, cow, Jersey, aged 3 years ; " "

No. 1G2. Jenney, heifer, Jersey, aged 2 years; " "

No. 1G3. Snow Drop, heifer, Jersey, aged 2 years ; " "

No. 1 64. Daisy, heifer, Jersey, aged 1 year ; " "

No. 165. Bull, Durham breed, aged 2 years; owned by David
Carrick, Phila.

No. 166. Cow, Durham breed, aged 4 years ; owned by same.

No. 167. Heifer, " " 1 " " "

No. 168. Cow, Devon breed, " 3 " " "

No. 169. Bull, Alderney, aged 3 years ; owned by Craig Biddle.

No. 170. Cid, bull, Alderney, aged 11-4 years ; raised in Bucks
county ; owned by Charles R. King, Andalusia, Bucks county.

No. 171. Edith, heifer, Alderney, aged 1 3-4 years ; owned hj same.

No. 172. Blue Dick, bull, Grade, aged 1 1-2 years; raised in
Chester county ; owned by Henry Kaufman, East-town, Chester
county.

No. 173. Sam Houston, bull, Devon, aged 1 1-3 years ; owned by
same.

No. 174. Jessie, cow, Ayrshire, aged 4 years ; raised in Connecti-
cut ; owned by A. M. Treadwell, Madison, Morris county, N. Y.

No. 175. Jessie 2d, cow, Ayrshire, aged 3 years ; owned by same.

No. 176. Toledo, bull, Devon, aged 1 year; owned by same.

No. 177. Massasoit, bull, Devon, aged 3 years ; raised in New
York ; owned by G. F. Curwen, West Haverford, Delaware county,
Pennsylvania.

No. 178. Cherry, cow, Devon, aged 10 years; raised in Canada;
owned by same.

No. 179. Rose, cow, Devon, aged 8 years; raised in do.; owned
by same.

No. 180. Ida, cow, Devon, aged 4 years; raised in New York ;
owned by same.

No. 181. Amy, heifer, Devon, aged 8 months; raised in Penn. ;
owned by same.

No. 182. Dennis Kelley, bull, Durham, aged 8 months ; raised in
Philadelphia ; owned by John McGowan, Phila.

No. 183. Mac, bull, Alderney, aged 11 months; owned by same.

No. 184. Emma, heifer, Durham, aged 23 months ; owned by same.

No. 185. Dolly, heifer. Grade, aged 17 months; owned by same.

No. 186. Owned by C. W. Harrison.

No. 187. Benjamin Pranklin, bull, Devon, aged 6 years ; raised
in Montgomery county ; owned by John Cook, Montgomery county,
Pennsylvania.

Nos. 188, 189. Owned by C. Fallon, Philadelphia.

Nos. 190, 191, 192. Bulls; Owned by Henry Kaufman, Chester
county, Pennsylvania.

Nos. 193, 194. Owned by John Rice, Philadelphia.

Nos. 195, 196, 197, 198. Cows; owned by Sidney G. Fisher,
Philadelphia.

172

No. 199. Bull, Durham; owned by C. S. Haines, Elizabeth, N. J.

No. 2u0. Cows, Durham ; owned by same.

No. 201. Owned by Wilson, Maryland.

No. 202. Marmion, bull, Durham, aged 4 years ; raised in Passaic,
New Jersey ; owned by Thomas G. Aycrigg, Passaic, New Jersey.

No. 203. Estelle, cow, Durham, aged 5 yers ; owned by same.

No. 204. Heifer, Grade, aged 2 3-4 years ; owned by same.

No. 205. Heifer, Grade, aged 2 1-2 years ; owned by same.

No. 206. Heifer, Grade, aged 1 7-12 years ; owned by same.

No. 207. Heifer, Grade, aged 1 1-2 years ; owned by same.

No. 208. Bull Calf, Grade, aged 6 months ; owned by same.

No. 209. Superior, bull, Devon, aged 3 years ; raised in Mercer
county, New Jersey; owned by Jno. G. Muirheid, Mercer county
New Jersey.

No. 210. Zach, ox, Grade, aged 5 years; owned by E. T. Bellah,
Wilmington, Del.

No. 211. Fill, working ox. Grade, aged 5 years ; owned by same.

No. 212. Nellie, milch cow, aged 6 years ; raised in Maryland;
owned by Washington Bishop, Delaware county, Pa.

No. 213. Bull, Devon, aged 1 year ; owned by A. Biderman, Wil-
mington, Del.

No. 214. Bull, Devon, aged 1 year; owned by same.

No. 215. Malcolm, bull, Ayrshire, aged 3 years; owned by Geo.
W. Coffin, Dutchess county, New York.

No. 21G. Frank Quartley, bull, Devon, aged 5 years; raised in
England ; owned by A. B. Conger, Haverstraw, Rockland co., N. Y.

No. 217. Marmion, bull, Ayrshire, aged 6 years; raised in Clarks-
town, Rockland county ; owned by same.

No. 218. Red Lady 2d, cow, Ayrshire, aged 6 years ; raised in
Albany ; owned by same.

No. 219. Jessie 2d, cow, Ayrshire, aged 4 years; raised in Clarks-
town ; owned by same.

No. 220. Plough Boy, bull, Devon, aged 6 years ; owned by Wm.
Steckel, Durham, Bucks county, Pa.

No. 221. Macbeth, bull, Ayrshire, aged 7 years; raised in Mary-
land ; owned by Ramsey McHenry, Harford county, Maryland.

No. 222. Errol, bull, Ayrshire, aged 2 years ; owned by same.

No. 223. Nannie, cow, Ayrshire, aged 14 years; raised in Scot-
land ; owned by same.

No. 224. Mary 2d, Queen of Scots, cow, Ayrshire, aged 4 years ;
raised in Maryland ; owned by same.

No. 225. Janet, heifer, Ayrshire, aged 2 years ; owned by same.

No. 226. Kate, heifer, Ayrshire, aged 2 years ; owned by same.

No. 227. Heliotrope, heifer, Ayrshire, aged 2 years; owned by same.

No. 228. Mignioette, heifer, Ayrshire, aged 1 year, owned by same.

No. 229. Major, bull calf, Alderney, aged 8 months, owned by
Wm . C. Wilson, Bait., Md.

No. 230. Lactometer 2d, bull, Durham, aged 3 years, raised in
Delaware, owned by Saml. Canby, Wilmington, Del.

173

No. 231. Kate Kearney, heifer, Durham, aged 1 year, raised in
Delaware Co., owned by Chas. Kelley, Kellysville, Pa.

No. 232. Heifer, Grade, 2 years, raised in Delaware Co., owned
by Isaac Newton, Delaware Co.

No. 233. Heifer, Grade, 2 years, owned by same.

No. 234. Sir Solomon, bull, French Alderney, aged 3 years, raised
in West Philadelphia, owned by William Supplee, West Philadelphia.

No 235. Flora, Cow, French Alderney, aged 5 years ; owned by same.

No. 23G. Betty, heifer, French Alderney, aged 2 years ; owned by
same.

No. 237. Jessie, heifer, Ayrshire, aged 2 years, raised in Rockland
Co., N. Y., o'.vned by A. B. Conger, Rockland Co., N. Y.

Np. 238. Gen. Cass, bull, Durham, aged 1 year, raised in Delaware
county, owned by Charles Colflesh, Upper Darby.

No. 23'J. 1 yoke stees, aged 4 years, raised in Penn., owned by
James A. Pnne, Freehold, Mon. county, N. J.

No. 240. Steer, aged 4 years, raised in Penn., owned by same.

No. 241. Lizzie, cow, Ayrshire, aged 4 years, raised in Penn.,
owned by Wm. Firmstone, Penn.

No. 242. Bull, Devon, aged 3 years, owned by J. F. Lukins.

No. 243. Cow, Grade, aged 8 years, owned by same.

No. 244. Heifer, Grade, aged 11-2 years, owned by same.

No. 245. Duke of Cambridge, Bull, Durham, aged 3 years, im-
ported, owned by Thomas Richardson, West Farms, New-York.

No. 246. Winchester, bull, Devon, aged 3 years, raised in New-
Jersey, owned by George D. Parish, Burlington, N. J.

No. 247. Bull, Devon, aged 11-2 years, raised in New-Jersey,
owned by same.

No. 248. Fairy, cow and calf, Alderney, aged 15 years, raised in
Bucks county, Pennsylvania, owned Craig Biddle, Philad.

No. 249. May-Flower, heifer, Durham, aged 9 months, raised in
Philadelphia, owned by Robert McCormick, Philad.

No. 250. Fanny, heifer. Grade, aged 10 years, owned by same.

No. 251. Norfolk, Bull, Devon, aged 3 years, raised in Connecticut,
owned by same.

No. 252. , 1 yoke working, Devon, aged 4 years, raised in

New-York, owned by D. Landreth, Bucks county. Pa.

No. 253. Rose, heifer, Alderney, aged 2 years, owned by same.

No. 254. Jenny, cow and calf, Native, aged 7 years, raised in
Phiiada., owned by Clemens Erwig, Kingsessing.

No. 255. Lucy, cow. Native, aged 6 years, owned by same.

No. 25 G. Royalty, bull, Alderney, aged 13 months, owned by Dr.
Twaddell, West Philadelphia.

No. 257. P^mpress, ccw, Alderney, aged 3 years, owned by same.

No. 258. Europa, cow, Jersey, aged 2 years, owned by same, im-
ported July 25, 1856.

No. 259. Bloom, heifer, Jersey, aged 8 months, owned by same.

No. 260. Beatrice, heiftr, Jersey, aged 8 months, owned by same.

No. 261. Sally, cow, Ayrshire, aged 3 years, raised in Albany, N
Y., owned by A. L. Pennock, Jr., Hartford, Del. county.

174

No. 262. Betty, cow, Ayrshire, aged 3 years, owned by same.

No. 263, Mary, heifer, Ayrshire, aged 1 year, owned by same.

No. 264. Raritan, bull, Ayrshire, aged 6 montlis, owned by same.

No. 265. Reuben, bull, North Devon, aged 2 years, raised in Con-
necticut, owned by G. C. Shaw, Gratitude, N. J.

No. 266. Heifer, Native, aged 1 year, raised in Philadelphia
owned by Sai*ah Grieves, Philad.

No. 267. Heifer, Native, aged 1 year, owned by same-
No. 268. Heifer, Native, aged 1 year, owned by same.

No. 269. Jno. Merryman, Baltimore.

No. 270. Horicon, bull, Devon, aged 1 year, raised in Dutchess
county, N. Y., owned by C. S. Wainwright, N. Y.

No. 271. Kate Kearney, cow, Devon, aged 5 years, imported ;
owned by same.

No. 272. Donna, cow, Devon, aged 3 years, raised in Dutchess
county, owned by same.

No. 273. Helen., heifer, aged 2 years, i-aised in Dutchess county,
owned by same.

No. 274. Linda, heifer, Devon, aged 2 years, raised in Dutchess
county, owned by same.

No. 275. Neptune, bull, Durham, aged 5 years, imported ; owned
by Samuel Thorne, N. Y.

No. 276. Lady Millicent, cow, Dui'ham, imported; owned by
same.

No. 277. Lalla Rookh, cow, Durham, aged 4 years, imported ;
owned by same.

No. 278. Mistress Gywnn, heifer, Durham, aged 1 year, raised in
Dutchess county, owned by same.

No. 279. Peerless, heifer, Durham, aged 1 year, raised in Dutch-
ess county, owned by same.

No. 280, Relief, bull, Alderney, aged 1 year, raised in Maryland,
owned by J. Howard McHenry, Maryland.

No. 281. Passenger, bull, Alderney, aged 1 year, raised in Mary-
land, owned by same.

No. 282. Pearl, heifer, Alderney, aged 1 year, raised in Maryland,
owned by same.

No. 283. Peace, heifer, Alderney, aged 1 year, raised in Maryland,
owned by same.

No. 284. Bessie, heifer and calf, half breed Durham, aged 2 years,
raised in Penn., owned by Andrew McFariand, West Philadelpia.

No. 285. Be(;ky, cow. Native, aged 7 years, raised in Delaware
county, owned by Samuel McAlonan, Lemon Hill, Penn.

No. 286. Valentine, bull, Durham, aged 4 years, raised in Dela-
ware county, owned by H. C. Burkre, Delaware.

No. 287. Jessie, cow, Durham, aged 7 years, raised in Pennsylva-
nia, owned by Peter McEnnally, Pliilad,

No. 288. Strawberry, cow, Durham, aged 6 years, imported ; owned
by George Martin, Philad. county.

No. 289. Cow, Grade, aged 7 years, imported, owned by same.

No. 290. Cow, Grade, aged 6 yeai's, owned by same.

175

No. 291. Cow, Native, aged 9 years, owned by same.

No. 292. Heifer, Grade, aged 2 years, owned by same.

No. 293. Heifer, Durham, aged 2 years, owned by same.

No. 294. Heifer, Grade, aged 1 year, owned by same.

No. 295. Heifer, Grade, aged 1 year, owned by same.

No. 296. Heifer, Grade, aged 1 year, owned by same.

No. 297. Heifer and calf, Devon, under 2 years, raised in Penn.,
owned by same.

No. 298. Belvidere, bull, Durham, aged 3 years, raised in Penn.,
owned by same.

No. 299. 1 yoke working oxen. Grade, aged 6 years, raised in New-
York, owned by C. H. & C. A. Smith, Vergennes, Vermont.

No. 300. Sachem, bull, Durham, aged 4 years, raised in New- York,
owned by C. W. Bathgate, N. Y.

No. 301. Mary Anne, cow, native, aged 4 years, raised in Penn.,
owned by Marks Martin, West Philadelphia.

No. 302. Vancouver, bull, Devon, aged 3 years, raised in Bucks
county, owned by John P. Jenkins, Bucks county. Pa.

No. 303. Henry Clay, bull, Durham, aged 5 years 9 months,
raised in West Chester, Pa., owned by A. Bolmar, West Chester,
Pa.

No. 304. Medley 2(], bull, Durham, aged 17 months, raised in
West Ciiester, Pa., owned by same.

No. 805. Lilac, heifer, Hereford, aged 1 year, owned by John Mer-
ryman, Baltimore, Md.

No. 306. Catalpa, bull, Hereford, aged 1 year, owned by same.

No. 307. Bell, bull, Durham, aged 2 years 4 months, raised in
Philad., owned by Richard Cartwright, Philad.

No. 308. Rosey, heifer. Grade, aged 2 years, owned by same.

No. 309. Roan, heifer. Grade, aged 15 months, owned by same.

No. 310. Heifer, Grade, aged 2 years, owned by same.

No. 311. Heifer, Grade, aged 3 years, owned by same.

No. 312. Hereford Steers, aged 2 years, raised in Owego, N. Y.,
owned by W. H. Sotham, Owego.

No. 313. Hereford Steers, aged 2 years, raised in Owego, owned by
same.

No. 314. Duchess, cow, Durham, aged 4 years, raised in Philad.,
owned by John Rice, Philad.

No. 315. Duchess, cow, Alderney, aged 5 years, imported; owned
by same.

No. 316. Cherry, heifer, Devon, aged 2 years, raised in Penn.,
owned by P. K. Lambert, West Philadelphia.

No. 317. Lilly, cow. Grade, aged 5 years, owned by same.

No. 318. Sarah Ann, heifer, Durham, aged 3 years, raised in
Penn., owned by M. Smartin, Philad.

No. 319. Victoria, cow, Alderney, aged 4 years, raised in Penn.
owned by Jno. Knight, Pa.

No. 320. Prince Albert, bull, Alderney, aged 5 years, raised in
Penn., owned by same.

176

No. 321. Curly, bull, Hereford, aged 5 years, imported ; owned by
Thos. Aston, Ohio.

No. 322. Duchess, cow, Hereford, aged 5 years, imported ; owned
by same.

No. 323. Hemper, bull, Ayrshire, aged 3 years, raised in Massa-
chusetts, owned by Geo. Righter, Lancaster, Pa.

No. 324. Bull,North Devon, aged 1 year, raised in New-Jersey,
owned by A. M. Feedwell, Madison, N. J.

No. 325. Jessie, cow, Ayrshire, aged 3 years, raised in New-Jersey,
owned by same.

No. 326. Jessie 2d, cow, Ayrshire, aged 3 years, raised in New-
Jersey, owned by same.

No. 327. Ivanhoe, bull, Durham, aged 3 years, raised in Pennsyl-
vania, owned by Nathan Garrett, Pa.

No. 328. Oscar, bull, Durha:n, aged 1 year, owned by same.

No. 329. Orphan Boy, bull, Devon, aged 2 years, raised in Penn-
sylvania, owned by G. B. Brown, Pa.

No. 330. Heifer, Devon, aged 17 months, raised in Pennsylvania,
owned by J. F. Lukins, Philad.

No. 331. Bull, Devon, aged 3 months owned by same.

,No. 332. Cow, Devon, aged 6 years, owned by same.

No. 3o3. Cow, D^von, aged 6 years, owned by same.

No. 334. Cow, Devon, aged 6 years, owned by same.

No. 335. Duke of Athol, bull, Devon, aged 19 months, raised in
Pennsylvania, owned by Lewis P. Hopes, Pa.

No. 336. Mrs. Flather, heifer, Durham, aged 2 years, raised in
England, owned by S. Thorne, Washington Hollow, N. Y.

No. 337. Duke of Cambridge, Durham, bull, aged 3 years, import-
ed ; owned by Thomas Richardson, AVest Farms, N. Y.

No. 338. Winchester, Devon, bull, aged 3 years, owned by Geo. D.
Parish, Burlington, N. J.

No. 339. Devon bull, j earling, owned by same.

HORSE DEPARTMENT.

No. 1. Caliph, stallion, Arabian, owned by Richard B. Jones,
Philadelphia.

No. 2. Bill, fiimily horse, raised in Chatauque, Co., N. Y., owned
by Jno. McGowan, Philadelphia.

No. 3. John, family horse, raised in Chatauque Co., N. Y., owned
by Jno. McGowan, Philadelphia.

No. 4. Morgan Black Hawk, stallion. Black Hawk, raised in New-
Hampshire, owned by Geo. Bellows, New-Hampshire.

No. 5. JNIontreal, stallion, French, raised in Canada, owned by A
thony Reybold, Delaware City, Del.

177

No. G. Highland Maid, brood mare, Black Hawk, raised in Ver-
mont, owned by same.

No. 7. Fanny, brood mare, half-blood, raised in Delaware, owned
by same

No 8. Lady Washington, family horse, raised in Bucks Co.,
owned by Abel Small, Bucks Co.

No. 9. Lucy Taylor, Filly, Taylor breed, owned by Adam Hookes,
Cecil Co., Md.

No. 10. Childe Harrold, Thoroughbred, Priam breed, raised in
Kent Co., Md., owded by P. T. Simmonds, Rock Hail, Kent Co.,
Md.

No. IL Golden Farmer, Thoroughbred, Javilan «S: Corn Planter,
Lion breed, raised in Chester Co., owned by George T. Davis, Brandy-
wine Manor, Chester Co., Pa.

No. 12. Javilan, Thoroughbred, Javilan breed, Trafalgar, raised in
Chester Co., owned by Sylvester Gavitt, Brandywiue & Manor,
Chester Co., Pa.

No. 13. Top Gallant, Stallion, Top Gallant, raised in War-
ren Co., N. J., owned by Clayton Piatt, Wilmington, Del.

No. 14. Pony, Imported Shetland, owned by James Policy, Penn.
Hospital.

No. 15, Pony, Imported Shetland, owned by same.

No. 16. Family horse, owned by P. Klahar, Phila.

No. 17, General, Stallion, raised in W. Philad., owned by Wra.
C. Lister, West Philadelphia.

No. 18. Hermes, Thoroughbred Stallion, by Mariner out of
Fashion, raised in New-Jersey, owned by A. Mailliard, Bordentown,
N. J.

No. 19. Mariner, Thoroughbred Stallion, by Mariner out of Pat-
sey Anthony, raised in New-Jersey, owned by same.

No. 20. Patsey Anthony, Thorougbred mare, by Imp. Priam out of
Josephine dam, by Virginian, raised in New-Jersey, owned by
same.

No. 21. Young Lofty, Stallion, by Lofty out of Maria, half-blood,
owned by same.

No. 22. Fanny, Mare, by Prize Fighter, half-blood, owned by
same.

No. 23. Stockbridge Chief, Stallion, Black Hawk, raised in Ver-
mont, owned by P. W. Bishop, Troy, N. Y.

No. 24. Columbia, Stallion raised in New- York, owned by same.

No. 25. Family horse, owned by Jos. Wright, AYaterloo, N. Y.

No. 26. Family Horse, owned by James Cassidy, Philadelphia.
No. 27. Fanny Anderson, untrained horse, raised in Philadelphia,
owned by Chas. Coniy, Byberry, Pa.

No. 28. Sallie Ann Taylor, Filly, Gen. Taylor, raised in King-
sessing, OAvned by Wm. Dermott, Kingsessing, Pa.

No. 29. Morgan Black HaAvk, horse, Black Hawk, raised im King-
sessing, owned by same.

No. 30. Young America, untrained horse, raised in Maryland,
owned by J. Youngken, Philad.

178

No. 31. Jane, brood mare, Black Hawk, Sir John, raised in
Philad., owned by Peter Kin;;, Philad.

No. -'2. Mare, matched. Flying Cloud, raised in Long Island, owned
by S. R. Bowne, Flushing, L. I.

No. 33. Mare, matched, Vermont Morgan, both out of same mare,
one-half sisters, raised in Long Island, owned by same.

No. 34. Young Trustee, stallion. Imp. Trustee, out of Lady Sals-
bury, raised in Long Island, owned by same.

No. 35. Jenny Lind, family horse, Bashaw, owned by Anthony
Rue, Hartsville, Pa.

No. 3o. Minnehaha, saddle mare, owned by same.

No. 37. John, family horse, owned by Thomas Craige, Philadel-
phia.

No. 38. Cyrus, family horse, raised in Virginia, owned by R. K.
Stewart, Piiilada.

No. 39. Lady .Julia, family horse, owned by C. Guillon, Philadel-
phia.

No. 40. Frisk, matched horse, owned by Seth Craige, Philadelphia.

No. 41. Frolic, matched horse, owned by same.

No. 42. Fan, family horse, raised in Delaware Co., owned by Ja9.
Loughery, Cobb's Creek, Pa.

No. 43. Sam Patch, stallion, French Canadian, raised in Nor-
mandy, owned by J. N. Goldsborough, Woodstock, Md.

No. 44. Volante, stallion, Morgan, raised in Maryland, owned by
same.

No. 45. Othello, stallion. Black Hawk, raised in New- York, owned
by Chas. T, Matthews, Philadelphia.

No. 46. Young Kerable Jackson, stallion, Kemble Jackson, New-
Jersey, owned by Geo. C. Shaw, Gratitude, N. J.

No. 47. Young Black Hawk, stallion. Long Island Black Hawk,
raised in New-Jersey, owned by same.

No. 48. Black Vermont, stallion. Black Hawk, raised in Vermont,
owned by same. field.

No. 49. Napoleon, stallion, Morgan, owned by David E. Butter
Mass.

No. 50. Nebraska, stallion, Morgan Black Hawk, owned by Howell
Evans, Phila.

No. 51. Jno. G. Palmer, stallion, owned by Jas. Palmer and Son,
Kingsessing, Pa.

No. 52. American Star, stallion. Thoroughbred, raised in New-
Y^ork, owned by E. K. Conklin, Philad.

No. 53. Boss, family hoi'se, Henry Clay, raised in Orange Co., N.
Y., owned by same.

No. 54. State of Maine, untrained horse. Messenger, raised in
Maine, owned by same.

No. 55. Chief, trotting horse, raised in Canada, owned by-same.

No. 56. Family horse, owned by same.

No. 57, Lady Coos, family horse, Sherman Morgan, owned by Jno.
B. Jessup, Woodbury, N. J.

179

No. 58. Sallie Cooper, family horse, owned by Jas. R. Tool, Ger-
mantown, Pa.

No. 59. Lady Bashaw, family horse, Bashaw, owned by Jno.
Jacob Staub, Nicetown, Pa.

No. GO. Family bor.-e, Bashaw, raised in Bucks Co., owned by
Leonard Fisher, Philad.

No. 6L L .dy Fillmore, family horse, Morgan, raised in Maine,
owned by Wm. Jones, Jr., Delaware Co., Pa.

No. 62. Lady Worrell, family horse. Sir Ileni'y, raised in Delaware
Co., owned by same.

No. 63. Canada Farmer, stallion, C. "W., Canadian, raised in St.
John, N. B., owned by Jas. Hughes, West Philadelphia.

No. 64. King Philip, stallion, Canadian, raised in Kent Co., Md.,
owned by Wm. T. Miller, Kent Co., Md.

No. 65. Duke of Normandy, stallion, Norman Diligence, raised in
Normandy, owned by Samuel Holman, Chester Springs, Pa.

No. 66. Sallie Clay, brood mare, Bellfounder, raised in Chester Co.,
owned by same.

No. 67. Sallie Clay, Jr., mare, Duke of Normandy, raised in Ches-
ter Co., owned by same.

No. 68. NeUie, mare, Duke of Normandy, raised in Chester Co.,
owned by same.

No. 69. Fashion, mare, Duke of Normandy, raised in Chester Co.,
owned by same.

No. 70. Buck, horse, raised in Kentucky, owned by Jacob R. Bentz,
Philadelphia.

No. 7L Breck, horse, raised in Kentucky, owned by same.
No. 72. Lucy, mare, raised in Delaware Co., owned by Samuel
Longstreth, West Philadelphia.

No. 73. Fanny, mare, raised in Delaware Co., owned by same.
No. 7i. Maryland Priam, stallion, Priam Thoroughbred, (tbrmerly
"Cripple") raised in Cecil Co., Md., owned by D. C. Blackiston, Kent
Co., Md.

No. 75. Noble Prime, horse, Morgan, raised in New-Hampshire,
owned by Saml. H. Cooper, Newtown Township, N. J.

No. 76. Black Eagle, stallion, French Canadian, raised in Philad.,
owned by Jos. T. Smith, Philadelphia.

No. 77. Filly, Black Hawk, raised in Philad., owned by Geo. W.
Gray, Philad.

No. 78. Stallion, Sir Henry, raised in Del. Co., owned by Jno.
Wild, Philad.

No. 79. Tomahawk, stallion. Black Hawk, raised in Delaware Co.,
owned by J. Howard Lewis, Philad .

No. 80. Black Bess, Breeding mare, raised in KL-atiicky, owned
by same.

No. 8L Lone Star, stallion, Messenger, owned by Chas. A. Cuth-
bert, Berthier, Canada East.

No. 82. Eutaw, stallion, St. Charles, raised in Burlington Co.,
owned by Jos. Woodward, New Egypt, N. J.

180

No. 83. Lone Star, Jr., stallion, Black Hawk, raised in N. Y.,
owned by S. H. Mattson, Philad.

No. 84. Stallion, Thoroughbred, owned by M. Goldsborough, Bal-
timoi'e.

No. 85. Cosmo, stallion, Thoroughbred, raised in Virginia, owned
by J. W. Ware, Clark No., Va.

No. 86. Gonzales, stallion. Thoroughbred, raised in Virginia, owned
by same.

No. 87. Vista, mare. Thoroughbred, raised in Virginia, owned by
same.

No. 88. Gazelle, mare, Thoroughbred, raised in Virginia, owned
by same.

No. 89. Harry, saddle horse, Morgan, raised in Vermont, owned
by Thos. Irwin, Philad.

No. 90. Morgan, family horse, Morgan, raised in Crawford, Go.,
Pa., owned by Dr. J. Berrens, Philad.

No. 91. Gray Sherman, stallion, Morgan Black Hawk, raised in
Philad., owned by Saml. R. Jagar, Philad.

No. 92. George, horse, part Messenger, raised in N. J., owned by
HUlman Dill, Philad.

No. 93. Sam, horse, owned by same.

No 94. Fanny, pony, Scotch, owned by same.

No. 95. Carrie, mare. Thoroughbred, raised in South Carolina,
owned by Dr. H. E. Drayton, Philad.

No. 96. Family horse, owned by John Hutchinson, Troy, N. Y.

No. 97. Family horse, owned by same.

No. 98. Family horse, owned by same.

No. 99. Lady Lawrence, mare, St. Lawrence, raised in Maryland,
owned by James Elliott, Philad.

No. 100. Hunter, horse, May-Day, raised in Norristown, owned by
AY alter Cooke, Philad.

No. 101. Nellie, mare, raised in Philadelphia, owned by Henry
Kockersperger, West Philadelphia.

No. 102. Silver Tail,- stallion, sired by Lone Star, owned by John
Kline, Barren Hill, Montjoy Co., Pa.

No. 103. Belleof Montreal, broodmare, Canadian, raised in Canada,
owned by same.

No. 104. Flora, brood mare, Canadian, raised in Canada, owned by
same.

No. 105. Kate, (colt by side,) brood mare. Black Hawk, raised in
Canada, owned by same.

No. 106. George J., family horse, Morgan, raised in Vermont,
owned by M. A. Kellogg, Philad.

No. 107. Dolly, mare, Jackson, raised in Delawaer Co., owned by
Davis Sill, Haverford, Del. Co.

No. 108, Morgan Messenger, stallion, Messenger and Morgan,
raised in Vermont, owned by Geo. B. Deacon, Burlington, N. J.

No. 109. Billy Button, pony, Canadian Indian, raised in Maine,
owned by Jos. S. Challiss, near Marlton, Camden Co., N. J.

181

No. 110. Jersey Bill, horse, raised in Pennsylvania, owned by
Wood and Biiffington, AYest Philad.

No. 111. Doodle, pony, Shetland, owned by Robert Purvis, By-
berry, Pa.

No. 112. Mountain Girl, matched horse, Middlesex, raised in N.
J., owned by Jeremiah W. Skillraan, Somerset Co., N. J.

No. 113. Nelly Blythe, matched horse, John Richard, raised in N.
J., owned by same.

No. 114. George, horse, Chatauque Co., N. Y., owned by Jos.
P. Tucker, West Philad.

No. 115. Blue Dick, horse, raised in Indiana, owned by Chas.
Grover, West Philad.

No. 116. Honest Dutchman, horse, raised in Lancaster Co., owned
by Enocli W. Cloud, Philad.

No. 117. Canadian Lion, stallion, Canadian Lion, Blood mare?
raised in Franklin county, N. Y., owned by Jno. J. Hughes, Upper
Marion, Montgomery county.

No, 118. Young St. Lawrence, (withdrawn) St. Lawrence & May
Day, raised in Montgomery county, owned by same.

No. 119. Colonel, horse, raised in York county, owned by E. Cole-
man, Philadelphia.

No. 120. John McClain, horse, (untrained) Morgan, raised in New-
Jersey, owned by John McClain, Philad.

No. 121. Lilly, mare, (heavy draft) Fi'ench, raised in France,
owned by J. Howard McHenry, Md.

No. 122. Snowdrop, mare (heavy draft) French, raised in France,
owned by same.

No. 123. David Leavitt, Great Barrington.

No. 124. John, horse. Snap, (sire) raised in Pennsylvania, owned
by Morris S packman, West Philad.

No. 125. Bay John, horse, raised in Montgomery county, owned by
E. Stadelnian, Montgomery county.

No. 12G. Bill, saddle horse, raised in Virginia, owned by H. G.
Litzenburg, Lower Marion.

No. 127. Stockbridge Chief, Jr., stallion. Black Hawk, raised in
Columbia county. N. C, owned by P. W. Bishop, Troy, N. Y.

No. 128. Buckeye, saddle horse, raised in Virginia, owned by E.
Townsend, Philad.

No. 129, St. Lawrence, stallion, Morgan, mare, raised in Canada.,
owned by Benj. Jenkins, Norristown, Pa.

No. 130. Iron Duke, stallion, A. Jackson, owned by Timothy T.
Jackson, Flushing, L. I.

No. 131. Young St. Lawrence, stallion, St. Lawrence, owned by
same.

No. 132. Spring Garden, stallion, May-Day's Messenger, owned by
Franklin S. Wells, Philadelphia.

No. 133. Bob, horse, raised in Pennsylvania, owned by Samuel
M. Bines, Philad.

No. 134. Skylark, stallion. Black Hawk, raised in Montgomery
county, owned by Samuel G. Williamson, Montgomery county.

182

No. 135. Messenger Jane, breeding mare, Messenger, owned by
same.

No. 136. Trafalgar, stallion, Trafalgar, raised in Lancaster, owned
by .Joseph Boyers, Lancaster county, Pa.

No. 137. Family horse, owned by AYm. M. Long, Bucks county,
Pa.

No 138. Young Lion, Canadian, owned by Jacob Gorman, Bucks
county, Pa.

No. 139. Confidence, stallion, Lone Star & Messenger, raised in
New- York, owned by Jeremiah Clayton, Philad.

No. 140. Young S^ Lawrence, stallion, Canadian, raised in Cana-
da, owned by Casseleny and Roberts, Montgomery county.

No. 141. Morgan, stallion. Black Hawk, raised in Delaware coun-
ty, owned by Isaac Newton, Delaware county.

No. 142. Moro, an imported Italian Jack, raised in Italy, owned by
same.

No. 1 43. John Clark, Chester county.

No. 144. Buchanan, saddle horse speed, raised in Rhode Island,
owned by John Abraham, Philada.

No. 145. Col. Russell's Family Idol, family horse, raised in Lan-
caster county, owned by J. P. Russell, Georgetown, Pa.

No. 14P. Toronto, family horse. Black Hawk, raised in Massachu-
setts, owned by Howard Tilden, Philad.

No. 147. Family horse, raised in Delaware county, owned by Jas.
Holmes, Philad.

No. 148. Matched horse, Marabrino, raised in New- York, owned
by M. A. Kellogg, Philad.

No. 149. Matched horse, raised in New-York, owned by same.

No. 150. Breeding mare. Thoroughbred, raised in New- York, owned
by same.

No. 151. Frank, untrained horse, Morgan's Messenger, raised in
New-Hampshire, owned by same.

No. 152. Mount Vernon, stallion, Morgan's Messenger, raised in
Maine, owned by Oliver Walton, South Reading, Mass.

No. 153. Mac, pony, Canadian, raised in Canada, owned by Peter
Ashman, Philadelphia.

No. 154. Rob Roy, pony, Canadian, raised in Canada, owned by
G. R. Van Lear, Philad.

No. 155. Kentucky Hunter, stallion, Kentucky Hunter, raised in
Chester county, owned by same.

No. 156. Fremont, family horse, Hambletonian, raised in New-
York, owned by J. O. Taylor, New-Brunswick, N. J.

No. 157. Vermont, family horse. Black Hawk, raised in New-York,
owned by same.

No. 158. Flora, fancy matched, Kentucky Hunter, i-aised in New-
York, owned by same.

No. 159. Black Hawk, fancy matched, Black Hawk & Morgan,
raised in Vermont, owned by same.

No. 160. Stalion, raised in Chester county, owned by Wm. T.
Quein, Chester county.

183

Xo. IGl. Flora Temple, filly, Moscow, raised in Philadelphia,
owned by Wm. D. Tl)onias, Piiilad.

No. 1G2. Lady Suftblk, Filly, St, Lawrence, raised in Philadelphia,
owned by same.

No. 163. Family mare, owned by J. F. Lnkens.

No. 1G4, Sepaslo})ol, stallion, White Hall, raised in Maryland,
owned by J. Pidgelej', Hampton, Md.

No. 165. Henry Clay, stallion, Morgan Black Hawk, raised in
New- York, owned by Rogers and Calender, Albany.

No. 16G. Leather Stocking, stallion, Kemble-Jackson and Messen-
ger, raised in Long Island, New-York, owned by Sheldon Leavitt &
D. Leavitt, Jr., Great Barrington, Mass.

No. 167. Morgan, fancy matched, raised in West Chester county,
N. Y., owned by D. A. McCudy, New- York.

No. 168. Walton, fancy matched, owned by same.

No. 169. Empress, untrained horse, owned by same.

No. 170 to 172. Mules, owned by James Buckalew, Jamesbury,
N.J.

No. 173 to 182. Mules, owned by Geo. W. Hocker, Barren Hill,
Pa.

No. 183. Ivate, matched mare, Morgan, raised in New-Jersey,
owned b}^ S. Morgan llamsey, Philadelphia.

No. 184. Fanny, matched mare, Saladin raised in Pennsylvania,
owned by same.

No 185. Rattler, stallion. Messenger Hambletonian, raised in Ver-
mont, owned by James Biggart, Sandy Hill, Washington county,
N. Y.

No. 186. Young Rattler, stallion, Messenger Hambletonian, raised
in Vermont, owned by same.

No. 187. Young Defiance, trotting stallion, Defiance, (Lnp.)
raised in Canada, owned by Lucieu Bechard, St. Johns, Canada
East.

No. 188. Betty Taylor, fomily mare. Gen. Taylor, raised in Mont-
gomery county, owned by D. W. Neff, Philad.

No. 189. Young Black Hawk, stallion. Black Hawk, raised in New-
Jersey, owned by E. M. Black, Philad.

No. 190. Jack, Spanish, owned by Jno. C. Kitchen, East Marl-
borough.

No. 191. Yankee Bill, family horse, Morgan, raised in Pennslva-
nia, owned by S. Snyder, Philad.

No. 192. Charlie, saddle horse, Spanish, raised in Vermont, owned
by J. W. Taylor, Burlington, N. J.

No. 193. Champion, iiimily horse. Black Bashaw, owned by D- J.
Quinton, Trenton, N. J.

No. 194, Revenge, family horse, Black Bashaw, raised in Penn's
Manor, owned by same.

No. 195. Patty, family horse. Black Bashaw, raised in Penn's
Manor, owned by Jonathan Eastburn, Pa.

184

No. 196. Vermont, family mare. Vermont Black Hawk, raised in
Vermont, owned by H. C. Robins, Penn's Manor, Pa.

No. 197. May Flower, family horse. Black Bashaw, raised in
Penn's Manor, owned by S- R. Plumly, Philad.

No. 198. Charlie, family horse. Bashaw, raised in Penn's Manor,
owned by Wm. Harper, Penn's Manor.

No. 199. Jenny, family mare, Saladin, Penn's Manor, owned by

B. R. Jenny, Penn.

No. 200. Moonshine, saddle horse, raised in New -York, owned by
J. F. Gorman, West Philadelphia.

No. 201. Mambrino, family horse, Mambrino breed, owned by John
Williams, West Philadelphia.

No. 2C2. Jim, fomily horse, owned by P. Joirnan.

No. 203. Long Island, mare and foal, Messenger, owned by Geo.

C. Sliaw, Gratitnde, N. J.

No. 204. Italy, matched horse, raised in Union county, owned by
Wm. Frist, Lewisburg, Pa.

No. 205. Toby, matched horse, raised in Northumberland, owned
by same.

No. 206. Morvina, brood mare, raised in New-Jersey, owned by
M. Watson, Philad.

No. 207. Joseph, family horse, owned by Robert P. Spencer,
Philad.

No. 208. Alleghany Chief, stallion, Duroc breed, raised in New-
York, owned by B. D. Stetson, Philad.

No. 209. Topsey, family horse, R. Hunter, raised in New- York,
owned by same.

No. 210. George J., family horse, Messenger, raised in do., owned
by same.

No. 211. Monmouth Eclipse, family horse, owned by F. Helm-
bold, Philad.

No. 212. Filly, Black Hawk, raised in Montgomery county, owned
by G. W. Henderson, Montgomery county.

No. 21.3. Filly, Black Hawk, raised in do., owned by W. Hender-
son, Montgomery county.

No. 214. Betty Bombay, Pony, Shetland breed, imported, owned
by J. K. Eyre, Montgomery county.

No. 215. Shellbark, pony, Shetland breed, raised in Montgomery
county, owned by same.

No, 216. Zack, Jr., pony, Shetland breed, raised in do., owned by
Chas. Eyre.

No. 217. Polly Taylor, family horse, Gen. Taylor, raised in Phila-
deiphia, owned by Jno. Scott, Philad.

No. 218. Chas. Martin, family horse, raised in do., owned by
same.

No. 219. Nellie, family mare, Sherman Morgan, owned by Sam.
H. Cooper, Camden.

No. 220. Black Hawk, stallion, Jackson, raised in Philad., owned
by Leumel Lindsay, Philad.

185

No. 221. John, family horse, raised in Ohio, owned by R. Green-
well, Philad.

No. 222. Young Kemble Jackson, stallion, Kemble Jackson, raised
n Bucks county, owned by Jas. Paxson, Bucks county.

No. 223. Pocahontas, brood mare, Sliakspeare, raised in Camden,
owned by same.

No. 224. Black Hawk Eclipse, stallion, Black Hawk, raised in
Philad., owned by A. L. Pannock, Jr., Delaware county.

No. 225. F'anay, brood mare, raised in do., owned by same.

No. 226. Nancy Bell, filly, Prize Fighter, laised in do., owned by
same.

No. 227. Giftbrd Girl, filly, Morgan Black Hawk, raised in do.,
owned by same.

No. 228. Charlie, family horse, Morgan, owned by Chas. Tete,
Philad.

No. 229. Black Prince, heavy draft stallion, Canadian, raised in
Canada, owned by Nelson Gavitt, Philad.

No 230. Harry, family horse, Bellfounder, raised in Penn., owned
by Jas. R. McBride, Plulad.

No. 231. Jim, family horse. Bashaw, raised in do., owned by D. K.
Smith, Philad.

No. 232. Ned Forrest, family horse, raised in Oswego, owned by
Dale P. Peters, Philad.

No. 233. Nancy, brood mare, out of Thoroughbred Messenger
mare by Jackson, raised in Delaware county, owned by Jas. Loughery,
Delaware county.

No. 234. John Henry, stallion, Canadian, raised in New-Jersey,
owned by Greenwood Elwell, Salem.

No. 235 Bill, matched horse, raised in Pennsylvania, owned by A.
G. Shifler, Lycoming county. Pa.

No. 236. Charles, matched horse, raised in do., owned by same.

No. 237. Union, stallion, Black Hawk, raised in Long Island,
owned by E. W. Motte, L. I.

No. 238. Harry, family horse, Morgan, raised in Vermont, owned
by T. W. Gardly, Pottsville, Pa.

No. 239. Nellie, family mare, raised in Jersey, owned by E. Lane,
West Philadelphia.

No. 240. Diamond, family horse, raised in New-York, owned by
Robert Kennedy, Philad.

No. 241. Jessie, family horse, Messenger, raised in Lancaster
county, owned by G. E. Hall, Philad.

No. 242. Fanny, brood mare. Sir Henry breed, raised in Chester
county. Pa., owned by Nathan Hunt, Philad.

No. 243. Fanny, brood mare, Jackson, raised in Philadelphia,
owned by Patrick Boyd, Delaware county.

No. 244. Black Bird, stallion. Black Hawk, raised in Delaware
oounty, owned by same.

No. 245. Tacony, stallion, Sir Henry, raised in do., owned by Jno.
G. Palmer, Bucks county,

186

No. 246. Diligence 2cl, heavy draft stallion, Norman, raised in
New-Jersey, owned by Edward Harris, Moorestown, N. J.

No. 247. Harry, family horse, Bashaw, raised in Bucks county,
owned by F. G. Saxton, Philad.

No. 248. Filly, Eclipse, raised in Salem county, N. J., owned by
Hor. Norton, New- Jersey.

No. 249. Matched horse, owned by Albert Morrill, Philad.

No. 250. Matched horse, owned by same.

No. 2.'il. Citizen, stallion, Thoroughbred, raised in New -Jersey,
owned by Jno. D. Grover, New-.Jersey.

No. 352. Copham, stallion, Norman, raised in Lancaster county,
owned by Jacob Roher, Lancaster county.

No. 35.3. Prince Albert, stallion, French breed, raised in Camden,
owned by Jno. F. Keating, Boston.

No. 2.54. Tom, heavy draft stallion, Canadian, raised in do., owned
by M. W. Kalbast, Berks county.

No. 255. Mag, filly. Gen. Taylor, raised in Philadelphia, owned by
Wni. Simmons, Philad.

No. 256. Jupiter, stallion, St. Lawrence, raised in Canada, owned
by D. D. Bell, Acard, Ulster county.

No. 257. Tom, pony, Welsh breed, imported, owned by Jos. Swift,
Philad.

No. 258. Dolly, draft horse, Morgan, raised in Chester county,
owned by Wm. H. Keen, Philad.

No. 259. Fanny, draft horse, Morgan, raised in do., owned by
same.

No. 260. Rover, matched horse, Rover breed, raised in Pennsylva-
nia, owned by Sam. Johnson, Burlington county, N- J.

No. 2GL Frank Rover, matched horse, Rover breed, raised in do.,
owned l)y same.

No. 262. Gray Sqnirrel, family horse, Medoc breed, raised in New-
York, owned by B. Rush Plumley, Philad.

No. 263. Plough bo}', family horse, Ploughboy breed, raised in
Pennsylvania, owned by Wm. McBride, Philad.

No. 264. Kate, brood mare, Norman, owned by Peter Yarnall,
Chester county. Pa.

No. 265. Fanny, brood mare out of Lidian Chief, raised in do.,
owned by same.

No. 266. Sam, pony, Canadian, raised in Canada, owned by Jno.
M. Sorley, Pliilad.

No. 267. Bashaw, stallion. Bashaw breed, raised in Mercer county,
N. J., owned by A. D. Conover, Monmouth county, N. J.

No. 268. Marshall P. Wilder, saddle horse, raised in New-Jersey,
owned by S. B. Henry, Philad,

No. 269. Tojisey, family horse, Canadian, raised in New- York,
owned by Edwin White, Philad.

No. 270. Dick, family horse, raised in do., owned by Major White-
side, Piiilad.

No. 27 L Bill, saddle horse, Arabian breed, raised in Hartsville,
owned by Saml. Wilson, Philad.

187

No. 272. Driving mule, owned bj Tlios. Himes, York county, Pa.

No. 273. Driving; mule, owned by same.

No. 274. Tip Top, saddle horse, raised in Virginia, owned by Thos.
Craige, Pliilad.

No. 275. Harry, fancy matched, raised in New Jersey, owned by
R. Ridgway, Philad.

No. 276. Roan Dick, fancy matched, owned by same.

No. 277. Donas, pony, laised in Michigan, owned by H. Whitty,
Lancaster.

No. 278. IMartha Baker, family horse, Sherman Morgan, raised in
New-York, owned by H. B. Fan, Washington county, N. Y.

No. 279. Tom Sherman, stallion, Slierman Morgan, raised in do.,
owned by J. S. Rice, Washington county, N. Y.

No. 280. Sherman Morgan, stallion. Sherman Morgan breed, raised
in Vermont, owned by Lemuel North, Clinton county, N. Y.

No. 281. Poll, mare, Truxton breed, raised in Lidiana, owned by
S. B. Johnson, Philad.

No. 282. Black Hawk, stallion. Black Hawk breed, raised in Dela-
ware, owned by Geo. C. Tumlin, Delaware.

No. 283. Mule, owned by Fred. Showers, Philad.

No. 284. Mule, owned by same.

No. 285. Mule, raised in New-Jersey, owned by Wm. H. Gatzmer,
Philad.

No. 286. Mule, owned by same.

No. 287. Major Rogers, trotting horse. Messenger breed, raised in
Maine, owned by J. L. Brown, JNIass.

No. 288. Tom Morgan, Jr., stallion, IMorgaii breed, raised in Penn-
sylvania, owned by Wm. C. Register, Del. county, Pa.

No. 289. Family horse, owned by Isaac Myers, Jr., Philad.

No. 290. Katy Darling, family horse, Morgan Messenger, raised in
Herkimer county, New-York, owned by G. G. Edwards, Philad.

No. 291. Draft Horse, raised in Lancaster, Pa., owned by E. W.
Shippen,West Piiiladelphia.

No. 292. Duchy, family horse, sired by Black Hawk, raised in
Duchess, N. Y., owned by H. S. Hitner, Montgomery county.

No. 293. Sorreli Bill, family horse, Canadian, raised in Reading,
Pa., owned by Wm. M. Lukins, Montgomery county.

No. 294. Black Dick, stallion, English draft Cobbin, owned by Hen-
ry Stoffer, York county. Pa,

No. 295. Bill, stallion, English draft Cobbin, owned by same.

No. 296. Colley, heavy draft mare, owned by Eli Logan, Chester
county. Pa.

No. 297. Major, family horse, raised in Vermont, owned by S.
Foster, Philad.

No. 298. Mike, family horse, G-^n. Taylor, raised in Pennsylvania,
owned by S- Perry, Philad.

No. 299. Matched horse, Tippo breed, raised in Canada, owned by
Jos. Wright, Seneca county, N. Y.

188

No. 3C'0. Matched horse, raiiped in do., owned bj same.

No. 301, Osceola, stallion. Black Hawk, raised in Maryland, owned
by Wm. T. Ilardesty, Md.

No. 302. Fanny, family horse, Messenger, owned by I. Croasdale,
West Philadelphia.

No. 303. Nellie, family horse, Canadian, raised in Canada, owned
by E. B Hunt, Trenton, N. J.

No. 304. Vermont Black Hawk, stallion, Vermont Black Hawk
breed, raised in New- York, owned by Wm. P. Howser, Baltimore.

No. 305. Don Andros, thoroughbred stallion, Spanish breed, raised
In Cuba, owned by John Amery, Philad.

No. 3u6. AVhite Cloud, family horse, owned by C. Buckins, Phila-
delphia.

No. 307. Sally Miller, breeding mare, Bellfounder, raised in New-
Jersey, owned by V. Roberts, Gloucester county.

No. 308. Flora Morgan, filly, Morgan breed, raised in do., owned
by M. S. Adams, New-Jersey.

No. 309. Chesterfield, stallion, thoroughbred, raised in England,
owned by O. P. Pettit, Chester county.

No. 310. Geo. M. Patchen, stallion, Cassius Clay, owned by Jno.
Buckly, New-Jersey.

No. 311. Benjamin Franklin, stallion, thoroughbred, raised in
Pennsylvania, owned by Osten Miller, Philad.

No. 312. Gumelastic, family horse, owned by E. S. Sanford, Phila-
delphia.

No. 313. Hard Road, family horse, I'aised in Boston, owned by J.
Peters, Philad.

No. 314. Fanny, filly, Toronto, owned by J. S. Irick, New-Jersey.

No. 315. Charles Sumner, family horse, Black Hawk, raised in
New- York, owned by Rober:, Purvis, Philad.

No. 316. Saratoga, family horse, owned by W. S. ShuniAvay, Phil-
adelphia.

No. 317. Ashuelot Morgan, stallion, Morgan, raised in Manches-
ter, N. H., owned by Uberto Bowen, Richmond, N. H.

No. 318. Horse, Black Hawk, owned by W. C. Strong, Freehold,
New- Jersey.

No. 319. Kate, family mare, French Canadian, raised in New-
Jersey, owned by E. Bender, Philad.

No. 3:^0. Toronto, stallion, thoroughb?'ed, owned by Gen. Wra.
Irick, Vincentown, N. J.

No. 321. Jerry, family horse, Messenger, raised in Massachusetts,
owned by David Sanderson, Somerville, N. J.

No. 322. ]\[atclu'd horse, owned by same, for exhibition only.

No. 323. iNIatched horse, owned by same, for do.

No. 324. Tom, matched horse. Black Hawk Morgan, raised in
New- York, owned by A. Lawslie, Trenton, N. J.

No. 325. Jerry, matched horse. Black Hawk Morgan, raised in
do., owned by same.

No. 32(). Alary, pony, Canadian, raised in Canada, owned by Chas.
Rosbery, Easton, Pa.

189

No. 327. Mary, pony, raised in do., owned by same.

No. t^'2S. Charlie, family horse, Bellfounder, owned by William
Brooke, Montgomery connty, Pa.

No. 32!). Matched horse, owned by B. M. Whitlock, New York.

No. 330. " " owned by same.

No. 331. " " " "

No. 332. " " " «

No. 333. Trotting horse, " "

No. 334. " " " "

No. 335. Jno. Belfast, stallion, Belfast breed, owned by Augustus
Lanback, Huntingdon county, N. J.

No. 336. Jno. Top, stallion, Stanly and Gallant, owned by same.

No. 337. Blue Top, stallion, Gallant and Jersey Blue, owned by
same.

No. 338. Kate, family mare. Sir Ladden, owned by C. W. Benton,
Doylestown, Pa.

No. 331). Mac, poney, Shetland breed, raised in Scotland, owned by
D. S. Brown, Philad.

No. 340. Matched horse, Black Hawk breed, owned by A. Van-
deusen, New-Jersey.

No 341. Matched horse, Abdallah breed, owned by same.

No. 342. Miller's Damsel, trotting horse, raised in Long Island,
owned by Conklin Carll, Brooklyn, N. Y.

No. 343. Sorrell Sally, mule, raised in Kentucky, owned by F. II.
Shower, Philad.

SHEEP DEPARTMENT.

No. 1. One pen Tartar breed, raised in Delaware; owned by
Dr. I-^merson, Philadelphia.

No. 2. Owned by Christian Fallow.

No. 3. Four fat Wethers, CotsAvoId breed ; owned by William
Reybold, Delaware City.

No. 4. One Imperial Buck ; owned by same.

No. 5. Five Yearling Bucks ; owned by same.

No. 6. Five Bucks ; owned by same.

No. 7. Five Ewes ; owned by same.

No. S. Four yearhngs, four two year olds, (not in competition) ;
owned by same.

No. 9. One Buck, Southdown breed ; owned by Daniel B. Haight,
Dover Plains.

No. 10. One Buck, Southdown breed ; owned by same.

No. 11. One Buck, Leicester breed, (iinp'd) ; owned by Charles
A. Murphy, Wilmington, Del.

No. 12. Ewes, Cotswold breed; owned by same.

No. 13. Long-wooled breed; owned by same.

190

No. 14. Micldle-wooled breed ; owned by same.

No. 15. One Buck, Southdown breed; owned by Robert Purvis,
Byberry, Pa.

No. 16. One Buck, Southdown breed; owned by James C. Taylor,
Montgomery Co., Pa.

No. 17. One Buck, Southdown bi'eed ; owned by same.

No. 18. Owned by same.

No. 19. Owned by same.

No. 20. One pen Ewes, Silesian breed, raised in New York ;
owned l)y William Chamberlain, Red Hook, N. Y.

No. 21. One pen Ewes, Silesian breed, raised in New York;
owned by same.

No. 22. One Buck, French breed, raised in do. ; owned by same

No. 23. One do. do. do. owned by same.

No. 24. One pen Ewes, do. do. owned by same.

No. 25. One do. do. do. owned l)y same.

No. 26. One Buck, French breed, raised in Vermont; owned by
Daniel Kimball, Rutland, Vt.

No. 27. One do. do. do. owned by same.

No. 28, One pen Ewes, do. do. owned by same.

No. '29. One pen Bucks, Spanish Merino, raised in Vermont ; owned
by George Campbell, TV. Westminster, Vt.

No. 30. One pen Bucks, do. do. owned by same.

No. 31. One pen Ewes, do. do. owned by same.

No. 32. One pen Ewes, do. do. owned by same.

No. 33. One Buck, Silesian breed, do. owned by same.

No. 34. Ten Bucks, (lambs) ; owned by G. Sidney Fisher, Phila.

No. 35. Two Rams, Cotswold breed, raised in Virginia ; owned by
J. W. Ware, Clark Co., Va

No. 36. Five Ewes, do. raised in England; owned by same.

No. 37. Five E^ves, do. do. owned by same.

No. 38. Two Rams, do. do. owned by same.

No. 39. Four Bucks, Cotswold breed ; owned by James N. Golds-
borough.

No. 40. One Buck Lamb, two Ewes ; owned by Geo. S. Adler,
Oxford.

No. 41. Two Bucks, Long-wooled breed ; owned by Isaac Newton.

No. 42. Two Bucks, do. owned by same.

No. 43. Plight Ewes, do. owned by same.

No. 44. Two Ewes, thi'ee Lambs, do. owned by same.

No. 45. One pen sheep, Tartary long-wooled breed ; owned by
A. T. Newbold, Phila.

No. 46. Six Wethers, Native breed ; owned by Joshua Moloney,
Montgomei-y Co.

No. 47. Six Ewes, Leicester long-wooled breed, imported ; owned
by Thos. Richardson, West Farms, N. Y.

No. 48. One Buck, do. do. do. owned by same.

No. 49. Thirteen young Bucks, do. do. do. owned by same.
No. 50. One Buck, Leicester long-wooled, raised in Pennsylvania ;
owned by George E. Parish, Burlington, N. J.

191

No. 51. One do. do. do. owned by same.

No. 52. One Buck, Silesian breed, raised in New York ; owned by
William Chamberlain, Red Hook, N. Y.

No. 53. One Buck, Silc-ian breed, raised in do. ; owned by same.

No. 54. One pen Ewes, Silesian breed,raised in do.; owned liy same.

No. 55. Owned by J. M. Leslie, Thila.

No. 5G. Owned by same.

No. 57. Owned by same.

No. 58. Owned by same.

No. 59. Five Ewes, one Buck, Spanish Merino, raised in Connec-
ticut ; owned by Joseph Blakslee, Watertown, Conn.

No. GO. Five Ewes, Southdown breed, raised in Pennsylvania ;
owned by Joseph Cape, West Chester.

No. 61. Five Ewes, Southdown breed, raised in Pennsylvania;
owned by same.

No. G2. Four Bucks, Southdown breed ; raised in Pennsylvania ;
owned by same.

No. 63. Three Bucks, Southdown breed, raised in Pennsylvania;
owned by same.

No. 64. Bucks, Southdown breed ; owned by Aaron Clements,
Philadelphia.

No. 65. One Buck, Southdown breed, raised in Dutchess Co., N.
Y. ; owned by Samuel Thorne, N. Y.

No. 66. One Buck, Southdown breed raised in do. ; owned by
same.

No. 67. One pen Ewes, French breed, raised in Vermont ; owned
by Daniel Kimball, Rutland, Vt.

No. 68. One Buck, Silesian breed, raised in do. ; owned by Geo.
Campbell, Westminster, Vt.

No. 69. One pen Ewes, Silesian breed, i-aised in do. ; owned by
same.

No. 70. Fremont, Buck, Rocky Mountain breed, raised in Rocky
Mountain ; owned by John McSorley, Philad.

No. 71. One Buck, Southdown breed, raised in England ; owned by
Thomas Betts, New York.

Nos. 72, 73, 74. One Buck each ; raised in do., owned by same.

No. 75. Nine Ewes, one pen ; raised in do., owned by same.

No. 76. One Buck, Small breed, raised in Penn.; owned by C.
Miller, Pennsylvania.

No. 77. One Wether, Lincolshii-e breed, raised in New York;
owned by Jurian Winne, New York.

No. 78. One Buck, Leicester breed, raised in Philadelphia ; owned
by Charles Daddeker, Philadelphia.

No. 79. One pen Ewes, Leicester breed, raised in do.; owned by
same.

No. 80. Six Cashmere Goats ; owned R. Peters, Atalanta, Geo.

192

SY/INE DEPARTMENT.

No, 1. One Boar, Bucks Co. b., raised in Bucks Co.; owned by
Jno. McGowan, Philadelphia.

No. 2. Sow and Pigs, Chester Co. b.; owned by same.

No. 3. Do. do. do. do.; owned by same.

No, 4. Five Pigs, Chester Co. b.; owned by same.

No. 5. One Boai", Berkshire b.; owned by Eaniel B. Haight,
Dover Plains.

No. G. One Boar ; owned by Pennsylvania Hospital, Philad.

No. 7. One Boar; owned by same.

No. 8. Two Breeding Sows ; owned by same.

No. 9. One Boar, large b.; owned by Peter Rose, Philadelphia,

No 10. Sow and Pigs, owned by George W. Hunt, Franktbrd, Pa.

No. 11. One Boar; owned by Robert Purvis, Byberry.

No. 12. Sow and Pigs; owned by same.

No. 13. Sow and Pigs ; owned by same.

No. 14. Sow and Pigs, Berkshire b.; owned by George W. White,
Frankford.

No. 15. One Boar, Essex b.; owned by George F. Curwen, West
Haverford.

No. IG. Two Sows and Pigs, Essex b.; owned by same.

No. 17. Four Sows, Large b., raised in Philadelphia; owned by
Robert Little.

No. 18. Four Pigs, Large b., raised in do.; owned by same.

No. 19. One Boar, Suftblk b.; owned by B. C. L. Haines.

No. 20. Three Sows, do.; owned by same.

No. 21. Pigs, Suffolk b. ; owned by same.

No. 22. One Boar, Chester Co. b, ; owned by James N. Golds-
borough, Easton, Md.

No. 23. One Boar. Suffolk b., raised in West Philadelphia ; owned
by Dr. James T. Crabb, West Phila.

No. 24. One Boar, Yorkshire (improved Berkshire) b., raised in
England ; owned by Thomas Richardson, West Farms, N. Y.

No. 25. One Boar, Berkshire b., raised in do.; owned by same.

No. 26. Sow and Pigs, Berkshire b., raised in do.; owned by same.

No. 27. One Boar, Chester Co. b.; owned by George D. Parish,
Burlington, N. J.

No. 28. One Sow, large b., raised in Philadelphia; owned by Thos.
Brennan, Philadelphia.

No. 29. Yorkshire (improved) b., raised in New York ; owned by
Thomas Richardson, New York.

No. 30. Two Boar Pigs, Yorkshire (improved) b., raised in do. ;
owned by same.

No. 31. One Boar, Suffolk b., raised in Chester Co. ; owned by
E. V. Dickey, Oxford, Chester Co.

No. 32. One Sow, Suffolk b., raised in Chester Co. ; owned by E.
V, Dickey, Oxford, Chester Co.

193

No. 33. Six Shoats, Suffolk b., raised in do.; owned by same.

No. 3L One Sow, Large b., raised in Philadelphia; owned by
Thomas Brennan, Philadelphia.

No. 35. One Boar, Native b., raised in Pennsylvania ; owned by
C. Mill.ir, Penn.

No. 3G. One Sow, Native b., raised in do.; owned by same.

No. 37. Six Pigs, Native b., raised in do.; owned by same.

No. 38. Six Swine, Chester White b., raised in Pennsylvania ;
owned by Thomas Ward, Chester Co., Pa.

No. Si). Sow and Pigs, Chester White b., raised in Chester Co.,
Pa.; owned by Lewis P. Hooper, Chester Co., Pa.

POULTRY DEPARTMENT.

No. 1. Creoles or Bolton Greys ; owned by John Bodine, Port
Richmond.

No. 2 to 4. Owned by Robert Purvis, Byberry.

No. 5. Buff Shanghaes, two pair ; owned by Joseph Belcher, Ger-
man town Road.

No 6. White Turkeys ; owned by S. C. Radford, Chestnut street,
West Philadelphia.

No. 7. Blue Turkeys ; owned by same.

No. 8. Hong Kong Geese, " "

No. 9. Silk Fowls, of Japan, " "

No. 10. Silk Fowls, of China, " «

No. 11. Bremen Geese, " "

No. 12. Shanghaes, " «

No. 13. Common Geese, " "

No. 14. White Geese, " "

No. 15. Bramah Pootras, " "

No. 1 G. Grey Shanghaes, " "

No. 17. Black Polands, ' " "

■ No. 18. Dunghill Fowls, " "

No. 19. White Shanghaes, " "

No. 20. Black Spanish, « «

No. 21. Bokon Greys, " "

No. 22. Speckled Dorkings, " "

No. 23. Common Ducks, " "

No. 24. Bhie Muscovy Ducks, " "

No 25. White Muscovy Ducks, « "

No. 26. White Poland Ducks, « "

No. 27. Aylesbury Ducks, " "

No. 28. Mule Ducks, « "

No. 29. Creepers, " "

. No. 30. Jersey Blues, « "

No. 31. Game Bantams, " "

9

194

No. 32. Pheasant Bantams, owned by same.

No. 33. Black African Bantams, " "

No. 34. White (plain leg) do. " "

No. 35. White Bantams, " "

No. 36. Chittagongs, " "

No. 37. Dominique Fowls, " "

No. 38. Golden Pheasants, " "

No. 39. Silver Pheasants, " "

No. 40. Rumpless, or Persian Fowls, " "

No. 41. Frizzle Fowls, " "

No. 42. Cochin China, « "

No. 43. Shanghaes, " "

No. 44. Black Java Fowls, " '♦

No. 45 to 59. Owned by same.

No. 59. One cock, two hens, Cochin China, raised in West Phila-
delphia; owned by James Gillespie, West Philadelphia.

No. 60. One cock, two hens. Golden Seabright ; owned by same.

No. 61. One cock, four pullets, Cochin China; owned by same.

No. 62. One cock, two hens, Bramah Pootrahs, raised in West
Philadelphia ; owned by James T. Crabb, West Philadelphia.

No. 63, One stag, two pulletts, Pootrahs ; owned by same.

No. 64. One cock, two hens, buff Shanghaes ; owned by same.

No. 65. One stag, two pullets, Buff Shanghaes ; owned by same.

No. 66. One cock, two hens. Black Shanghaes ; owned by same.

No. 67. One cock, two hens. Black Shanghaes ; owned by same.

No. 68. One cock, two hens. White Shanghaes ; owned by same.

No. 69. One cock, two hens. White Shanghaes ; owned by same.

No. 70. One cock, two pullets, Sumatra Pheasant, game ; the same.

No. 71. One cock, two hens. Black Spanish ; owned by same.

No. 72. One cock, two hens. Wild Indian Mountain, game ; do.

No. 73. One cock, two hens, Silver penciled Hamburghs ; do.

No. 74. One cock, two hens, Bolton Greys ; owned by same.

No. 75. One cock, two hens, Sea Bright Bantams ; owned by same.

No. 76. One cock, two hens. Black Spanish Bantams; the same.

No. 77. One cock two hens, Pheasant Bantams ; owned by same.

No. 78. One cock and hen. White Turkeys ; owned by same.

No. 79. One cock and hen. Wild Turkeys ; owned by same.

No. 80. One gander, two geese. White Bremen breed ; the same.

No. 81. One gander and goose, Hong Kong breed ; owned by same.

No. 82. One cock, two hens. Golden penciled Hamburghs; the same.

No. 83. One cock, two hens. Silver spangled Hamburghs ; the same.

No. 84. One cock, two hens, Irish game fowls ; owned by same.

Nos. 85, 86. Owned by same.

No. 87. One cock, four hens. Golden Pheasants ; raised in Frank-
fort, owned ; by Amnion Holden, Frankfort.

No. 88. Two cocks, two hens, Golden Pheasants ; owned by same.

No. 89. One cock, three hens. Silver Pheasants ; owned by same.

No. 90. One cock, four pullets. Silver Pheasants ; owned by same.

No. 91. One cock three hens. White Dorking; owned by same.

195

No. 92. One stag, three pullets, "White Dorking ; owned by same.

No. 93. One cock, four hens, Bolton Greys ; owned by same.

No. 94. One cock, two hens, Black Polands ; owned by same.

No. 95. Three stags, three pullets, Black Polands ; owned by same.

Nos. 96, 97. One gandex', two geese, Bremen; owned by Peter
Rose, West Philadelphia.

No. 98. One cock, three hens, Bantam ; raised in Ph 1 ide'phia ;
owned by George S. Millet, jr., 725 North 5th St., Philadelj)hia.

No. 99. Two drakes, three ducks, Aylesbury; raised in Eui'ope;
owned by Thomas Richardson, New York.

No. 100. One cock, two hens, Bramah Pootrahs ; West Philadel-
phia ; owned by James Gillespie, West Philadelphia.

No. 101. One cock, two hens Bramah Pootrahs; owned by same.

No. 102. One cock, three hens, Sumatra Game ; owned by same.

No. 103. Black Spanish ; owned by same.

No. 104. Bramah Pootrahs ; owned by same.

No. 105. One cock, seven pullets, white-necked Creoles ; raised in
Pennsylvania ; owned by John Denton, Springfield, Pennsylvania.

No. 106. One cock, two hens, Silver Pheasants; owned by same.

No. 107. One cock, one hen, Turkey; raised in Philadelphia;
owned by G. B. Sti-oud, Philadelidila.

No. 108. Two cocks, one hen, White Polish ; owned by same.

No. 109. Two cocks, four hens, Game ; owned by same.

No. 110. One stag, two pullets, Polish; raised in Pennsylvania;
owned by George P. Weaver, Philadelphia.

No. 111. Two stags, five pullets, Speckled Dorking; raised in do. ;
owned by E. T. Hyatt, Philadelphia.

No. 112. One stag, three pullets, Games; raised in Andelusia, ;
owned by W. W. Ball, Andalusia, Bucks Co.

No. 113. One stag, three pullets. Games; owned by same.

No. 114. One stag, two pullets, Games; " "

No. 115. One stag, two pullets, Games; " "

No. 116. One stag, three pullets, Games; " "

No. 117. One stag, three pullets. Grey Shanghaes; " "

No. 118. One stag, twj pullets, " " " "

No. 119. One drake, four ducks, Rouen ; " "

No. 120. One gander, two geese. Hong Kong; " "

No. 121 to 130. Games; owned by Matthias Rusk, Philadelphia.

No. 122. One cock, two hens. Games; " "

No. 123. One stag, two hens, " " "

No. 124. One cock, two hens, " " "

No. 125. One cock, one pullet, " " "

No. 123. One stag, two pullets, Black Spanish ; owned by Ammon
Holden, Frankford.

No. 127. One hen from Shanghae cock and Guinea hen, and two
pullets ; owned by Charles Gilles|)ie, Wallace Township, Chester Co.

No. 128. Three White fowls. Mixed; owned by C. Colflesh, Pa.

No. 129. Guinea fowls; owned by Henry Bowman, Philadelghia.

No. 130. Large cage containing forty pair fancy Pigeons ; owned
by W. W. Clark, We^t Philadelphia.

196

No. 131. Silver Pheasants; owned by George Bowers.

No. 132. Three Golden Pheasants; owned by Henry Cooper.

No. 134. Three pullets, Pheasants ; owned by same.

IMPLEMENT DEPARTMENT.

No. 1. Reaping and Mowing machine ; deposited by "W. Johnson
& Co., Newark, New Jersey.

No. 2. One Portable Cider JVIill and Press, combined ; deposited by
W. O. Hickock.

No. 3. One Hand Cider Mill, without Press ; deposited by same.

No. 4. One Press, for Cider ; " ''

No. 5. One Power Cider Mill; « «

No. 6. One Press for Cider MiW ; « «

No. 7. One Horse Power and Thresher, with Fixture ; deposited
by Isaiah Knauer.

No. 8. One Mowing Machine ; deposited by same.

No. 9. One Meat Cutter ; " "

No. 10. Cummings Patent Hay, Straw, and Corn Stalk Cutter ;
deposited by G. B. Griffin.

No. 11. Fisher & Anderson, Reaping and Mowing Machine; de-
posited by A. J. Anderson

No. 12. Combined Mowing and Reaping Machine; deposited by
C. B. Wagner.

No. 13. Grass and Grain Harvester, Patentee and Manufacturer;
deposited by S. S. Allen.

No. 14. Harvesting Machine, called the Ambler Machine; im-
proved and manufactured, by S. S. Allen.

No. 15. Two Patent Cultivating Plows ; deposited by "W. E.
Wyche, New York.

No, 1 6. One Straw Cutting Machine ; deposited by "Wm. Colladay,
Philadelphia.

No. 17. One Fanning Mill Machine; deposited by H. H. Beach,
Chicago.

No. 18. One Potato Digger Machine; deposited by Abraham
Henlings, Philadelphia.

No. I'.K One Reaping Machine ; Cyril B. Wagner, patent ; depos-
ited by Robert Taylor.

No. 20. A Machine for Cleaning and Drying Grain; manufac-
tured and deposited by Horatio N. Black.

No. 21. Atkins Self-Reaper ; manufactured and deposited by Jas.
Patton.

No. 22. Atkins' Mower ; deposited by same.

No. 23. Atkins' Reaper and Mower, combined ; depos. by same.

No. 24. Atkins' Rake, (model;) " "

No. 25. Patton's Self-balancing Sash and Lock; " "

19T

No. 26. One Feed-Cutter, Self-sharpening; deposited by Collum
Merril & Co. Philadelphia.

No. 27. Api)le-Parer, reverse action ; deposited by same.

No. 28, 2t). Feed Cutters, Cummings ; deposited by W. H. Jones,
Montgomery Co., Pennsylvania.

No. 30. One Clover HuUer, Hibbs' patent ; deposited by Jonathan
Hibbs, Pennsylvania.

No. 31. Hay, Manure and Spading Forks ; deposited by Shells &
Lawson, Philadelphia.

No. 32. One Self-weighing Coal Cart; J. W.Martin, inventor;
deposited by S. H. Rothermel, Philadelphia.

No. 33. Harns' Improved Cider Mill ; deposited by John Hatton,
Carlisle, Pa.

No. 84. One four-horse power Engine, farm; deposited by A. L.
Archambault, Philadelphia.

No. 35. One eighteen-horse power Saw Mill Engine ; by same.

No. 36. One hand power Corn-Sheller, Separator and Cleaner.

No. 37. One horse power Corn-Sheller, Separater and Cleaner;
deposited by H. E. Smith, Philadelphia.

No. 38. One two-horse power do. do. do. ; deposited by same.

No. 39. One four

No. 40. One two-horse power Thresher and Winnower ; deposited
by Malit & Quick.

No. 41. Two patent Ploughs; deposited by Wm. E. Wyche, N. Y.

No. 42. Two Cider Mills ; deposited by Joseph Jones, N. Y. ^

No. 43. One patent Clover Machine ; deposited by M. S. Kahle,
Virginia.

No. 44. One Mowing Machine ; deposited by A. Colburn, Conn.

No. 45. One patent Grain Mill ; deposited by Kuhus & Haines,
Delaware,

No. 46. One patent Fan Mill ; deposited by John Van Wagner,
New Jersey.

No. 47. One improved Little Giant, (Scott's) ; deposited by Scott,
Mockbee & Co., Philadelphia.

No. 48. One Crescent Grain Mill, (Scott's) ; deposited by same.

No. 49. Two portable Grain Mills ; deposited by Anson Atwood,
Troy, N. Y.

No. 50. Two Grain Cultivators ; deposited by D. J. Packer, N. J.

No. 51. Collection of Implements; deposited by Paschal Morris <k
Co., Philadelphia.

No. 52. One Reaper and Mower; deposited by William Robinson
& Co., Delaware.

No. 53. One Grain Fan ; deposited by H. and A. Stoner, Pa.

No. 54. One Grain Drill ; " " "

No. 55. One Mowing and Reaping Machine ; deposited by Wm.
Dripps, Pa.

No 56. One Plough ; deposited by Jas. Walker, Pa.

No. 57. One Threshing Machine ; deposited by Emery Brothers,
New York.

198

No. 58. One Threshing Machine and Cleaner, combined ; by same.

No. 59. Patent Stave Header and Shingle-Cutter ; deposited by
C. Eberly, Pa.

No. GO. One Corn-Sheller ; deposited by George S. Grier, Del.

No. 61. Double Grinding Corn and Cob Crusher; deposited by
Skilton & Beattie, N. Y.

No. 62. Collection of Implements ; deposited by Nourse, Mason &
Co., Boston, Mass.

No. 63. Cam Motion Mowing and Reaping Machine ; made by
Deity & Dunham ; deposited by D. Landreth & Co.

No. 64. Reaping and Mowing Machine ; made by Obed & Husey ;
deposited by D. Landreth & Co.

ENTRIES IN HORTICULTURAL DEPARTMENT.

No. 1. Apples; 50 varieties, by James A. Nelson, Mercer Co., Pa.

No. 2. Apples ; by C. Goodrich, Burlington, Vt.

No. 3. Isabella Grapes ; by A. L. Felton, Philadelphia.

No. 4. Pears and Grapes ; 30 varieties, by R. Buist, Philadelphia.

No. 5, Quinces ; by James Bell, Gloucester, N. J.

No. 6. Pears ; by Chas. Carnell, Germantown Road, Philadelphia.

No. 7. Apples and Pears ; 120 varieties, by John Perkins, Moore-
ston. New Jersey.

No. 8. Pears; by Abraham Titlow, North Penn Township, Phila-
delphia.

No. 9. Quinces ; by L. Chamberlain, Camden, N. J.

JNo. 10. Apples; 12 varieties, by Charles Colflesh, Upper Darby.

No. 1 ] . Grapes ; 3 native varieties, by Peter Raabe, northeast
corner 7th and Parish, Philadelphia.

No. 12. Pears ; by Richard Weldon, (gardener to H. Longs treth,)
"West Philadelphia, Penn.

No. 13. Watermelons; 9 varieties, by J.J. Hatch, Camden Co.,
New Jersey-
No. 14. Apples; 30 varities, by W. C. Harbison and brothers,
Newcastle, Lawrence Co., Penn.

No. 15. Pears, Apples, Quinces and Cranberries; 40 varities, by
"Wm. Parry, Cinnaminson, Burlington Co., N. J.

No. 16. Grapes, Peaches and Quinces ; by Alexander Craig, 21st
and Race streets, Philadelphia.

No. 17. Grapes, Pears and Peaches ; 24 varieties, by J. B. Baxter,
Philadelphia.

No. 18. Quinces ; by William Carvill, (from Henry Grambo,)
Bucks County.

No. 19. Pears ; 47 varieties, by Wm. Reid, Elizabethtown, N. J.

No. 20. Grapes ; by Henry Smith, (gardener to S. M. Walcn,)
Schoolhouse Lane, Germantown, Penn.

No. 21. Grapes; by John Rice, (M. Doyle, gardener,) Philad.

199

No. 22. Apples ; by W. Harry Mattson, Darby, Delaware Co.,
Penn.

No. 23. Apples ; by Daniel C. Gyger, Radwor, Delaware Co., Pa.

No. 24. Apples; 31 varieties, by Samuel W. Noble, Montgomery
Co., Penn.

No. 25. Grapes ; 5 varieties, by James Astley, (gardener at Eden
Hall Institute.) Torresdale, Penn.

No. 26. Pears ; by Miss Dennis, Salem New Jersey.

No. 27. Quinces and Pears ; by Samuel Cooper, Turner's Lane,
Philadelphia.

No. 27^. Pears, Apples and Grapes ; by George Blight, (P. McStay,
gardener,) Germantown Penn.

No. 28. Pears; by George Leggett, 148 Christian street, above
3d, Philadelphia.

No. 29. Pears, Quinces and Grapes ; by T. S. Fletcher, Delano,
Burlington Co., New Jersey.

No. 30. Grapes ; by Edward Paramore, Germantown, Pa.

No. 31. Api)les ; 12 varieties, by H. A. Mish, Harrisburg, Penn.

No. 32. Pears ; by Alexander Parker, 10th and Prince streets,
Philadelphia.

No. 33. Preserved Peaches, Plums, and Pears ; by J. Williams
Thorne, Parksbury, Chester Co., Pa.

No. 34. Apples ; 1G2 varieties, by Jacob Conklin, Sheppardstown,
Pennsylvania.

No. 35. Pears and Grapes ; 175 varieties, by Hovey & Co., Bos-
ton, Mass.

No. 36. Apples; by Louis P. Hoopes, West Chester, Penn.

No. 37. Apples, Pears, Peaches and Grapes ; by John M. Summy.

No. 38. Apples ; 30 varieties, by David Petit, Salem, N. J.

No. 39. Grapes ; by Sarah P. Worrel, Del. Co., Penn.

No. 40. Pears; 150 varieties, (not in competition,) by Marshall P.
Wilder, Dorchester., Mass.

No. 41. Grapes; by R. L. Colt, (for Dr. Brinckle,) Patterson,
New Jersey.

No. 42. Pears ; by Isaac Eckert, Reading, Penn.

No. 43. Quinces; by J. Evans, Marlton, New Jersey.

No. 44. Apples ; 46 varieties, by Warder and Gilmore, Spring-
field, Ohio.

No. 45. Apples ; 8 varieties, by D. B. Ferree, Parksbury, Chester
County, Penn.

No. 46. Grapes ; by Dr. Grant, Newburgh, New Jersey.

No. 47. Rebecca Grapes ; by Wm. Brocksbanks, Hudson, N. Y.

No. 48. Apples ; 15 varieties, by Geo. Greene, Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

No. 49. Dioscorea Batatas ; by AV. R. Prince & Co., Flushing,
New York.

No. 50. Pears ; by Jonas Eberhaltt, Falls of Schuylkill, weighing
26 to 27^ oz. each.

No. 51. Apples ; by A. J. Newbold.

No. 52. Six bottles of Syrup, manufactuted from the New Chinese
Sugar Cane, by Col. Richard Peters, Atlanta, Ga.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.

C3L..A.SS I. — C^A^TTLE.

No. 1.— SWEEPSTAKES PREMIUMS.

The Committee on the " Sweepstakes for the herd pre-
mium," respectfully report, — That there were entered for
their examination, eight herds. In the absence of instruc-
tions from the Society, as to what would govern our decision,
where all herds were brought into competition, after mature
deliberation, we adopted the following resolution: —

" Resolved, That this Committee, in making up their decisions, take
into consideration which is the most perfect herd of its kind ; and that
pedigrees (in thorough-bred animals of otherwise equal merit) have
all due influence."

We wish it to be distinctly understood, that we disclaim
all intention in the decision we have arrived at, to place one
breed of cattle before another, but that the prize was awarded
with strict reference to the above resolution.

We awarded the prize of $200 to Mr. Samuel Thorne, of
Thornedale, Washington Hollow, Duchess Co., N. Y., for his
Short-horn Herd, composed of the following animals : —
Neptune, Lalla Rookh, Lady Millicent, Peerless and Azalia.

We were also much pleased with the following herds, and
consider them very superior specimens of their respective
breeds, viz. : — Two herds of D evens, shown respectively by
Mr. E. G. Faile, of West Farms, N. Y., and Mr. Wm. B.
Dobbins, of Maryland ; also, a herd of Herefords, shown by
Wm. H. Sotham, of Owego, N. Y. ; also, a herd of Ayrshires,
shown by R. McHenry, of Maryland ; and a herd of Jerseys,
shown by J. H. McHenry, of Maryland.

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We would respectfully submit to the Society, that if this
premium is to be hereafter continued, some distinct and
definite instructions be laid down, by which the judges shall
be governed, and also to enable the exhibitors to know upon
what basis the merits of their respective herds arc to be
decided.

Board of Judges. — S. P. Chapman, Clockville N. Y. ;
J. A. Taintor, Hartford, Conn. ; R. Peters, Atlanta, Geo. ;
George Clarke, East Springfield, N. Y. ; Harvey Dodge, Sut-
ton, Mass.

No. 2.— HERD PREMIUMS.

For best Durham bull and four cows, or heifers, belonging
to any one person, $100, Samuel Thorne, of New York.

For best Devon bull and four cows or heifers, belonging to
any one person, $100, Wm. B. Dobbins, of Maryland ; next
best, diploma, J. Howard McHenry, of Maryland.

For best Ayrshire bull and four cows, $100, Ramsay Mc-
Henry, of Maryland.

For best Hereford bull and four cows, or heifers, belonging
to any one person, $100, Wm. H. Sotham, of N. Y.

For best Jersey (Alderney) bull and four cows, or heifers,
belonging to any one person, $100, J. Howard McHenry, of
Md. ; next best, diploma, Roswell L. Colt, of New Jersey.

For best four cows, or heifers, not full blood, $50,]Jno.
Merryman, of Maryland ; second best, diploma, Richard Cart-
wright.

Judges the same as on the distinctive breeds hereafter.

No. 3.— DURHAM BREED.

BULLS.

The Committee on Short-horn bulls beg leave to report, that
they had exhibited to them, some of the finest animals which
have ever come under their observation, and regret extremely
the necessity of discriminating among them ; but as the
rules of the Society require that they should express their

202

opinion, they do it with great diffidence — for where all were
of such superior excellence, they may not give that universal
satisfaction which is so desirable to the success of these exhi-
bitions.

In the class of aged bulls, the Committee had before them
the following animals in the order they appear on the Book of
Entry : —

Mr. Dennis Kelley exhibited imported Lord Barrington, 5
years old ; Mr. Charles Kelley exhibited imported Liberator,

4 years old ; Mr. Aycrigg exhibited Marmion, 4 years old ;
Mr. Richardson exhibited imported Duke of Cambridge, 3
years old ; Mr. Samuel Thorne, exhibited imported Neptune,

5 years old ; Mr. Burton, exhibited Valentine, 4 years old ;
Mr. Bathgate exhibited Sachem, 4 years old ; Mr. George
Martin exhibited Belvidere, 3 years old ; and M. A. Bolmar,
exhibited Henry Clay, 5 years old.

Among these five animals, the Committee are compelled to
decide, and they do so, by awarding the first premium, $100,
to Neptune, belonging to Mr. Thorne, and the second pre-
mium, $50, to Duke of Cambridge, belonging to Mr. Rich-
ardson.

The Committee also examined the one and two year olds
with great care, and award as follows : —

For two year olds — first premium, $50, to Gen. Hector,
belonging to D. Carrish ; second premium, $25, to Richard
Booth, belonging to T. P. Remington.

For one year olds — first premium, $20, to Lord Raglan,
belonging to T. P. Remington ; second premium, $10, to
Duke of Athol, belonging to L. P. Hoopes.

Board of Judges. — Charles B. Calvert, Md. ; Thomas H.
Rutherford, Daniel B. Haight, Stut. McClung, N. Y.

cows AND HEIFERS.

Three years old and upwards, first premium, $100, Samuel
Thorne, N. Y., Lalla Rookh ; second do., $50, Samuel Thorne,
N. Y., Lady Milicent.

Two years old and under three years, first premium,

203

Samuel Thome, N. Y., Mrs. Flathers; second do., $25, Thos.
P. Remington, Pa., Corn Tassel.

One year old and under two years, first premium, $20,
Samuel Thorne, N. Y., Peerless; second do., $10, S. Thorne,
N. Y., Mistress Gwyn.

Board of Judges. — "William H. Sotliam, N. Y. ; Paschal
Morris, Penn. ; J. Thompson Warder, Ohio.

No. 4.— DEVON BREED.

BULLS.

The Committee on Devon bulls, respectfully report, —
that with much care, they examined the fine bulls presented
for their inspection — twenty-seven in number. Many pos-
sessed such excellent points of character, such high breeding,
and all such requisites as are peculiar to this breed, that they
found great difficulty in making their awards, which were as
follows : —

For three year olds and upwards, first premium, $100, J.
Howard McHenry, Maryland, Uncas ; second premium, $50,
G. D. Parrish, Penn.

For two year olds and under three, first premium, $50, E.
G. Faile, N. Y. ; second premium, $25, Jacob N. Blakeslee,
Conn.

For one year olds and under two, first premium, $20, C. J.
Wainwright, N. Y.; second premium, $10, A. Biddeman,
N. Y.

Messrs. John Merryman, W. E. Dobbins, Isaac Pearson, H.
Cauffman, A. M. Tredwell, G. F. Curven, John R. Jenkins,
John G. Muirhead, and J. F. Lukens, exhibited very choice
animals ; and it was the regret of the Committee that they
had not premiums to award.

Board of Jiidges. — Richard Pirn, Penn.; Charles M. Clark,
N. Y. ; Geo. Bhght, Penn.

204

cows A^^) heifers.

The Committee on Devon cows and heifers, reserving for a
time a detailed report of their proceedings, at present make
the following award of their judgment as to the parties en-
titled to premiums : —

Three years old and upwards, first premium to William B.
Dobbins, Md., $100, for his cow Coral; second premium to
E. G. Faile, N. J., 050, for his cow Jenny.

Two years old and under three, first premium to C. J. "Wain-
right, $50, for his heifer Helena 8d ; second premium to E.
G. Faile, $25, for his cow Cleopatra.

One year old and under two years, first premium to J. N.
Blakeslee, $25, for Matchless 2d ; second premium to George
Martin, $10, for his heifer and calf.

Board of Judges. — Frederick Watts, Penn. ; Franklin P.
Holcomb, Ga. ; Charles L. Flint, Mass.

Xo. 5.— AYRSHIRE BREED.

The Judges upon Ayrshires report : That although the num-
ber of cattle on exhibition was not large, the quality was very
fine. After a careful examination, the Committee have award-
ed the premiums to the following : —

BULLS.

Three years old and upwards, first premium, $100, John
Merryman, Md., for Highlander; second do. $50, Ramsay
McHenry, Md., for Macbeth.

Two years old and under three, first premium, $50, John
Merryman, for Mar ; second do. $25, Ramsay McHenry, for
ErroU.

One year and under, first premium, $20 — not awarded ;
second do. $10, Thomas Bettes.

cows AND HEIFERS.

Three years old and over, first premium, $100, A. M. Tred-
well, for Jessie ; second do. $50, R. McHenry, for Mary Sec-
ond, Queen of Scots.

205

Two years old and under three, $50, R. McHenry, for Heli-
otrope ; do. do., $25, to same, for Kate.

One year old and under two, $20, R. McHenry, for Migno-
nette ; do. do., $10, Hiram Clement, for Maryland.

All of which is respectfully submitted.

Board of Judges. — G. M. Eldridge, Md.; John Brooks,
Mass.; James Miles, Pa.; David Watson, M. D., Pa.; Bryan
Jackson, Del.; John G. Turpin, Va.

No. 6.— HEREFORD BREED.
BULLS.

Three years old and upwards, first premium, $100, Thomas
Asten, Ohio, for Curley ; second do. $50, William H. Southam,
New York, for Mystery. Discretionary premiums of $25 to
William D. Bowie, Maryland, for Victory.

One year and under two years, first premium $20, John
Merryman, Maryland, for Catalpa.

cows AND HEIFERS.

Three years old and upwards, first premium $100, Wm. H.
Sotham, New York, for Myrtle; second do. $50, Thomas
Asten, Ohio, for Duchess.

Two years old and under three years, first premium $50,
Wm. H. Sotham, New York, Lady ; do. do. $25, Tuberose.

One year old and under two years, first premium $20, Wm.
H. Sotham, New York, Gentle ; second do. $10, John Merry-
man, Maryland, Lilac. Discretionary premium of $25 to
John Merryman, Md., for Black Beauty.

Board of Judges. — Edward G. Faile, N. Y. ; John C. Clark
Del. ; B. Haines, N. J. ; Daniel B. Haight, N. Y. ; W. G.
Lewis, Framingham, Mass.; W. A. Johns, Princess Ann, P.
0., Md. ; Thomas Hughlett, Trappe, Md.

206
No. 7.— ALDERNEY (JERSEY) BREED.

BULLS.

The Committee report for premiums the following awards :

Three years old and upwards, first premium $100, James H.
McHenry, Md., Commodore ; second do. $50, Roswell L. Colt,
N. J., Jersey Prince.

Two years old and under three years, first premium $50, J.
H. McHenry, Md., Midshipman; second do. $25, T. P. Rem-
ington, Penn., Louis Napoleon.

One year old and under two years, first premium $20, J.
Howard McHenry, Md., Relief ; second do. $10, Roswell L.
Colt, N. J., St. Clement.

cows AND HEIFERS.

Three years old and upwards, first premium $100, John
Glenn, Md., Victoria; second do. $50, J. Howard McHenry,
Faith.

Two years old and under three years, first premium $50,
Dr. Twaddell, Penn., Europa; second do. $25, Roswell L.
Colt, N. J., Jenny.

One year old and under two years, first premium $20, John
Glenn, Md. Duchess ; second do. $10, J. H. McHenry, do.,
Pearl.

The Committee found among the numerous competitors
many animals, both imported and native-bred, worthy of
great commendation.

To John Rice, a discretionary premium of $50, cow
Duchess.

Board of Judges. — Jonathan Thome, N. Y.; Edward Lloyd,
Jr., Md.; Henry W. Clapp, Mass.

FRENCH ALDERNEYS.

Having been called upon by the President of United States
Agricultural Society to report to that Society the merits of
that breed, I report as follows : — I am much pleased with
their ai)pearance as milking stock. The exhibitor of a

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heifer one year and ten months old, says she has made seven
and a half pounds of butter in six days ; and I have not the
slightest reason to doubt his veracity. Mr. McGowan has a
bull one year old of that breed, a very fine one ; also a grade
heifer. I recommend the Society to give a discretionary pre-
mium to Mr. Supplee. I would recommend a discretionary
premium to Mr. McGowan for his bull and two heifers,

Wm. H. Sotham.

GRADE AND NATIVE COWS.

Mr. President, — Your Committee, after a prolonged and
careful examination, report the following awards : —

GRADES.

For the best grade cow over three years old, to Charles
Lloyd, Pa., for "Madam," the first prize of $50; for the
second best grade cow over three years, to George Martin, Pa.,
for Cherry, $25.

The Committee would mention that the fine cows Jenny
and Sally, owned by Clemens Erwig, Jr., Kinsessing, Pa.; the
cow owned by J. T. Lukens, Philadelphia ; " Nelly," owned by
Washington Bishop, Philadelphia; "Polly," owned by John
Turner, Pa.; "Fanny," owned by Robert McConnell ; " Bloss"
and " Red Roan," owned by George Martin, and "Jessie,"
owned by Peter McAnally, were all highly creditable to their
owners, and the Committee found much difficulty in makmg a
choice between them and their successful rivals. The half-
bred Hereford of Wm. H. Sotham is a magnificent handler
and a highly superior animal, better, your Committee think,
for the shambles than the dairy.

GRADE HEIFERS BETWEEN ONE AND TWO YEARS.

For the best grade heifer between two and three years old,
to John Morryman, Baltimore, Md., for "Alita," the first
prize of $25; for the second best, to Isaac Newton, Del. Co.,
Pa., second premium of $15.

Mr. S. G. Aycrigg, of Passaic, N. J., showed some fine
heifers in this class. Mr. McGowan, of Bridesburg, his fine

208

heifer " Dolly." Robert Little, his superior heifers " Dairy
Maid" and "Buttercup." Mr. Lukens shows a very fine
heifer in this class. George Martin, a fine two year old
heifer. " Rosy," owned by Richard Cartwright, Philadelphia,
an excellent one also. The competition was exceedingly
close in this class, and the Committee found great difficulty in
making a choice.

YEARLING GRADES.

For the best grade yearling, to Thomas G. Aycrigg, for a
heifer one year and seven months old, the first prize of $10 ;
to George Martin, Philadelphia, the second prize of $5.

Messrs. Cartwright, Martin, and Aycrigg showed splendid
specimens in this class.

NATIVES.

For the best native cow, three years old and upwards, to
" Mary Anne," four years old, owned by Marks Martin, West
Philadelpliia, the first premium of $50. For the next best, to
John Merryman, Baltimore, Md., for his cow " Nancy," the
second prize of $25.

Native heifers between two and three — none offered. Na-
tive yearling, to Sarah H. Greaves, for " Fair Star," a com-
plimentary first prize of $10.

For the best herd of four grade native cows, to John Merry-
man, of Baltimore, Md., the first prize of $50. For the next
best herd, to Richard Cartwright, the second diploma.

In the class of grade heifers between one and two years old,
Robert McFarland showed a fine heifer and calf fully equal to
the second best grade heifer, and we award him a discretion-
ary premium of $5.

Board of Judges. — Bryan Jackson, Del.; Isaac Newton,
Del. Co., Pa. ; John Giles, Woodstock, Conn, ; Hartman
Kuhn, Phila. ; Henry Twaddell, West Phila.

209

NO. 9. — MILCH COWS.

The Committee on Milch Cows beg leave to make the follow-
ing report, viz :

They award the first premium of $100 to Washington Bish-
op, of Delaware County, Penn., for his cow Nelly.

They award the second premium of ^50 to George Martin
of Philadelphia, for his cow Lady Filmore.

They award the third premium of $25 to John Sumer of
Philadelphia, for his cow Polly.

They also recommend a discretionary premium of $25 to
George Martin, of Philadelphia, for his cow Cherry.

Also a discretionary premium of $25 to Robert Little of
Philadelphia, for his cow Brindle.

Also a discretionary premium of $25 to John Merriman, of
Baltimore City, Miaryland, for his cow Martha.

And a discretionary premium of $15 to Mr. Suplec of Penn-
sylvania, for his heifer of 22 months old.

Of the class 3 years old and under 5 years old, no cows were
offered.

Board of Judges. — Wm. C.Wilson, Baltimore, Md., C. W.
Sharpless, Delaware Co., Penn., James C. Cornell, Bucks Co.,
Penn.

NO. 10. — WORKING OXEN.

The Judges on Class one. No. 10, (Working Oxen) four
years old and upwards, having attended to their duty, beg
leave to report that the first premium of $100 has been award-
ed to James A. Perrin, of Monmouth Co. New Jersey — Dev-
ons. Second premium of $75 has been awarded to Bichard
Prim, Chester Co., Penn. — Grades. Third premium of $50
to Jacob N. Blakeslee, Connecticut — Devons. Fourth prem-
ium of $25 to Benj. Hickman, Chester Co., Penn. — Grades.

For two years old and under four years — first premium of

$50 to Jacob N. Blakeslee, Conn., for Devons, 3 years old

entry. No. 28 ; second premium to Jacob N. Blakeslee, for

Devons, entry No. 26, $25 ; third premium to Jacob N.

13

210

Blakeslee, for Devons, entry No. 31, $15, and recommend a
diploma to John Gerst, N. J., for his skill in driving. All of
which is respectfully submitted.

Board of Judges. — George Brinton, Pa.; Aaron D. Weld,
Mass.; Benj. W. Cooper, Pa.

NO. 11— TOWN TEAMS.

For the best team, not less than ten yoke of oxen from
any county, $100 — Agricultural Society of Chester Co., Pa.,
second do. $50 — J. N. Blakeslee, Conn.

Board of Judges. — Thomas S. Woodward, Isaac Shoemak-
er, Pa., Joseph Lindsey, Thomas W. Cheyney.

NO. 12. — FAT CATTLE.

Fat Bullock, first premium $50 — Caleb Brinton ; second do.
^30 do. do. Committee — B. Stedman, Cleveland, Ohio.

CL-AuSS II. — HOI^SES.

No. 13— THOROUGH BRED STALLIONS AND MARES.

Stallions, four years old and upwards, first premium $200 —
John D. Grover, Citizen; second do. $100 — J.W.Ward,
Cosmo ; third do. $50 — P. J. Simonds, Childe Harrold.

Marcs, four years old and upwards, first premium $150 —
A. Maillard, Patsy Anthony ; second do. $75 — J. W. Ware,
Vista; third do. $50 — Dr. H. E. Drayton. Carrie.

Discretionary premium $100 to A. Maillard and $50 to
" Roan Poll."

The Judges feel that their duties would be but partially per-
formed, did they fail to notice other valuable and promis-
ing animals presented for their inspection on this occasion,
and they would accordingly make honorable mention of the fol-
lowing horses : —

Hermes^ a magnificent young stallion, entered by A. Mail-
lard ; Gonzales^ a very excellent animal, entered by a J. W.

211

Ware ; also, the mare Gazelle, entered hy J. W. Ware, Va. ; a
seven year's old stud, entered l)y 0. I. Pcttit, was also worthy
of notice, and also, the stallion Ben Franklin, which is a very
fine animal.

Board of Judges. — George H. Dadd, Boston, Mass., Ar-
thur F. Conover, Freehold, Monmouth Co., N. J., J. N.
Holmes, N. Y., Lewis G. Morris, N. Y., Samuel Laird, N. J.

No. U— HEAVY DRAFT STALLIONS AND MARES.

Stallions, three years old and upwards, first premium $150

— Samuel Holman, Pa., Duke of Normandy ; second do. $75

— James Boyer, Pa., Trafalgar ; third do. $25 — Jacob Roh-
rer, Pa., Young Cobham.

Mares, three years old and upwards, first premium $100 —
Peter Yarnall, Pa., Kate ; second do. $50 — John Cooke, Pa.,
Fanny ; third do. $25 — Peter Yarnall, Pa., Fanny.

Further, we do say that there were a great many fine horses
shown, that did not get any premiums ; for the very reason
that there were only three premiums offered for heavy draft
horses. And there were a great many deserving' of premiums,
had we not been short of funds ; for instance : — Diligence, the
property of E. Harris, was a good horse ; also, Mr. Rolback's
horse from Berks Co. ; also, Mr. Stauffers two stallions from
York Co., Pa. All these were very fine horses, and worthy of
premiums; but there were only three premiums offered,

Board of Judges. — J. Carroll Walsh, Md., C. Miller,
Penn.j I. Stadelman do., B. Hickman, do.

No. 15 — STALLIONS FOR GENERAL UTILITY.

The committee on stallions of general utility, four years
old, in making their report, desire to have it understood that
it is impossible for them to do justice to all the horses brought
before them for examination, for several reasons. They have
examined thirty-nine horses, varying in age from four to twelve
years. If these horses were to be examined for speed only,
or if there was less variation in age, it would be a compara-
tively easy task ; but we are instructed that speed is only one

212

requisite, and that we are expected to make proper allowance
for the younger horses. Most of these horses are remarkably
fine, and of course there must be many among the thirty-six
who receive no premium that would stand with the best under
other circumstances, and perhaps deserye to be among the
three that the committee selected. We can only say that we
have used our best judgment under the circumstances.

We desire to make favorable mention of the following fast
trotting stallions : —

Henry Clay, Stockbridge Chief, Mount Vermont, and Geo.
M. Patchem, and we award the premiums as follows :—

First premium of $200 to Lemuel, North & Co., for Sher-
man Morgan.

Second premium of $100 to George C. Shaw, for young
Kemble Jackson.

Third premium of $50 to James Biggart, for Ratler, and
recommend the following discretionary gratuities, viz : —

To Garwood & Elwell for John Henry, $50 ; to T. T. Jack-
Bon for Iron Duke, $25 ; to U. Brown for Ashuelot Morgan,
$25.

Board of Judges. — John Ridgely, Hampton, Md. ; John
Lardner, Philadelphia ; Joseph H. Billings, West Roxbury,
Mass. ; Wm. King, Philadelphia ; T. B. Williams, Boston.

No. 16. — STALLIONS FOR GENERAL UTILITY.

The committee on stallions for general utility, three years
old and under four, report —

That after partial and careful examinations, and discussion
of the merits of the many fine and handsome animals pre-
sented for their examination — = for they were not unanimous,
nor could it be expected of them among so many fine ani-
mals — they have awarded the first prize to the Messrs. S. & D.
Leavitt, Jr., for their light chesnut, Leather Stocking, $150 ;
the second prize to A. D. Conover, for his black horse Bashaw,
$75 ; the third prize to I. Ridgcley, for his bay colt Sebastopol,
$50. The committee recommend as the next best in their
estimation, the fine chesnut colt of Mr. Goldsborough, Vo-
lante, and George C. Shaw's bay colt. Young Black Hawk.

213

In concluding tlicir duties the committee can hardly express
an expectation of pleasing all, however much they desired it.

Board of Indices. — J. W. Ware, Berryville, Clarke Co.,
Va. ; Charles Lloyd, Derby, Penn. ; I. Lewis, Philadelphia ;
Thomas W. Phelps, Mobile, Ala. ; C. W. Bathgate, Fordham,
N. Y. ; Robert A. Cochran, Middletown, Del.

No. 17. — STALLIONS FOR GENERAL UTILITY.

Two years old and under three, first premium $50 — Geo.
W. Tumlin, Del. Ticondcroga ; second do. 25 — J. L.Rice,
N. Y. Tom Sherman; third do. $15— T. T. Jackson, N. Y.,
Young St. Lawrence.

One year old and under two, first premium $30 — Samuel
G. Williamson, Skylark ; second do. $20 — Edward W. Mott,
Union.

Discretionary premiums to S. K. Browne, of N. Y., for
" Young Trustee," and to William C. Register, for " Tom
Morgan, Jr," and to Isaac Newton of Pa., for " Young Mor-
gan."

Board of Judges. — Caleb S. Layton, Georgetown, Del. ;
Amos Lewis, Dryden, N. Y. ; Thomas W. Ladd, Smithfield,
Ohio ; F. W. Wilcox, Owego, Tioga Co., N. Y.

No. 18.— BREEDING MARES AND FILLIES.

The Committee on " Breeding Mares and Fillies," would
respectfully report that there were on exhibition, of the class
submitted to them for examination, in all, forty-three speci-
mens ; of which twenty-three were breeding mares ; ten fillies
of three years old ; six fillies of two years old, and four fillies
of one year old.

They award premiums as follows : —

Mares, four years old and upwards, first premium, $150,
John B. Jessup, N. J., Lady Coos ; second premium , $100,
A. L. Pennock, Pa., Fanny ; third premium, $50, George C.
Shaw, Long Island.

Fillies, three years old, first premium, $75, A^L. Pennock,
Pa., Gilford Girl ; second premium, $50, J. S. Irick, N. J.,
Famiy.

214

Fillies, two years old, first premium, $50, Jiio. J. Adams,
N. J., Flora Morgan ; second premium, $20, Wm. D. Mott,
Pa., Sallie Ann Taylor.

Fillies, one year old and under two, first premium, $30 ;
G. W. Gray, Pa., Alice Gray; second premium, $20, G. W.
Henderson, Black Fillie.

The Committee were very much pleased with the character
and quality of the animals offered for competition, and found
difficulty in some instances to award the premiums. Among
those, to which no premium was awarded, were several deserv-
ing of special notice, and the Committee regret that the num-
ber of premiums fixed by the Society precludes them from
thus bestowing a mark of their approval.

Board of Judges. — James Andrews, Darby, Del. Co., Pa.;
Daniel R. Reading, Flemington, N. J. ; Charles Lloyd, Mon-
tourville, Lycoming Co., Pa.; Joseph W. Reeves, Woodbury,
Gloucester Co., N. J.; R. H. Rush, Philadelphia, Pa.; J.
Brinton Smith, Kingsessing, Philadelphia, Pa.

No. 19.— MATCHED HORSES.

The Committee on " Matched Horses," respectfully report —
that having carefully examined all that were exhibited, con-
sisting of thirteen pairs of horses and mares ; on due con-
sideration and deliberation, we award the following pre-
miums : —

To A. Lawshe, Newton, N. J., for a pair of black horses,
five years old, the first premium, $100 ; to James Wright,
New York, for a pair of black horses, seven years old, the
second premium, $75 ; to M. A. Kellog, Philadelphia, for a
pair of bay horses, eight years old, the third premium, $50 ;
to Aaron Vandeveer, New Jersey, for a pair of black horses,
eight years old, the fourth premium, $25.

We further report, that there was much merit in several
other matches exhibited, for which their respective owners
are entitled to great credit.

All which is respectfully submitted.

Board of Judges. — David R. Porter, Penn. ; Thos. Niles,
Mass. ; W. A. Hart, Penn. ; John H. Holmes, Colt's Neck,
N. J. ; A. E. Kapp, Northumberland, Penn.

215

No. 20.— FANCY MATCHED HORSES.

Frst prcmmm, $75, to D. A. McCready ; seeond premium,
to R. Ridgway.

Board of Judges. — T. S. R. Fassctt, Philadelphia; Solon
Robinson, New. York ; Wm. H. McCrea, Germantown, Penn. ;
E. S. Sanford, Philadelphia.

No. 21.— DRAFT HORSES.

We, the Judges on " Draft Horses and Draft Matched
Horses," do award the first premium to William H. Kim, for
his black mares, Fanny and Dolly, entered as matched draft
horses, No. 281.

We deem no other worthy of premium.

Board of Judges. — Evan Lewis, Ezra Forristall, Boston;
D. Sanderson, New Jersey; Morris Powers, Michael Treanar,
Penn. ; George W. Churchman.

No. 22.— PONIES.

The Committe appointed to award premiums upon " Ponies,"
are pleased to be able to report a fair show of these interest-
ing and useful domestic animals — interesting and useful,
because they give health and happiness to children ; and
health and happiness to them, is seed sown in good ground,
to produce the stock celebrated in this country as American
Freemen. It is on this account, and because our acts may
encourage a branch of American industry that will promote
the happiness of children, that we are proud of the position
that has been assigned to us in this National Exhibition.

For the guide of other agricultural societies, and for the
information of exhibitors, we wish to reiterate the former
decision of this Society — that a small horse is not a pony.
There are distinct breeds of animals, called by the general
name of pony, as distinct from the rest of the equine race, as
Durhams or Short-horn cattle are distinct from other mem-
bers of the bovine race.

216

"We find entered upon the book furnished us, three pairs of
ponies, though but two were exhibited to the Committee.
From the Pennsylvania Hospital of the Insane, we find a
very handsome well formed pair, said to be Shetland stock,
though in our opinion not pure blood, because they are over
size laid down as the maximum of that race.

Another pair, entered by J. K. Eyre, Philadelphia, make
an equally good match, and are mother and colt — the mother
seven years old, (imported,) and the colt three years old,
raised in that city : the mare having been since stinted to a
pure blood stud of same breed, and brought a stud colt,
now fourteen moiiths old, which is also exhibited — showing
very clearly, that this beautiful and interesting breed of ani-
mals can be produced in this country.

There were ten entries of single ponies, but we were only
able to see seven of them — one of which we have noticed as
the colt of Mr. Eyre's mare ; — two others we ruled out as
small horses. One we find a beautiful specimen of the breed
known as Welsh ponies, of a bay color, eight years old, a
gelding, and owned by Joseph Swift, Philadelphia ; another
is a beautiful formed animal, of milk white color, a stud, five
years old, owned by H. Whitby, Lancaster, Penn., which we
judge is a cross of the White Arabian, iipon the breed known
as the Canadian pony. We commend the owner of this
animal to a continued experiment, by crosses, in hopes that a
valuable strain of small horses, or ponies, may be produced.
Another of the single horses is a mare, with a mule colt.
We cannot commend an increase of this kind of stock for
Tise, though it excites a good deal of curiosity. The mare is
ten years old, and the colt five months, and is the property of
Eobert Purvis, Byberry, Penn. Another entry by David S.
Brown, Pliiladelphia, is a pure Ijlood Shetland, seven year
old gelding. We think it a pity that this horse had not been
preserved entire, and thus might have been entitled to the
premium.

In view of the fact that Mr. Eyre's pair are equally as good
as the others, as a matched team, and in addition, that he is
propagating the breed, the Committee award him the premium.

21T

For tlie pair exhibited by the persons connected with the
Insane Hospital, we would respectfully recommend the Execu-
tive Committee of the Society to award a special premium of
fifteen dollars, because it will go to the encouragement of a
nol)lc institution, and because the exhibition of this pair in
harness, attached to their little wagon and driven around the
course, has added much to the amusement and pleasure of
our juvenile visitors.

Our award to the single pony is more difficult to decide.
If the Welsh Pony was a stud, we should not hesitate to
give him the prize. If the white stud was strictly a pony,
w*e should not be at a loss which should have the award, as
between him and his Welsh competitor. If the stud colt of
Mr. Eyre was older and more fully developed, it is probable
that he would be the winner.

We have finally decided to award the prize for the best
single pony, to Joseph Swift, for his Welsh pony, and recom-
mend a special premium of five dollars to the stud pony of
the little son of Mr. Eyre ; and recommend in future a more
extended list, so as to include full blood, imported, and grade
stock, and really valuable small horses, erroneously classed
as ponies.

Board of Judges. — Solon Robinson, Chairman ; John P.
Judkins, Laban L. Lyons, Jno. S. Irick, Sheldon Leavitt.

No. 23.— SADDLE HORSES.
(for training, style, and action.)

The Committee on the training, style, and action of saddle
horses, (Class I, No. 23,) respectfully report, that they have
concluded to award the premiums as follows : —

To Minnehaha, a bay mare seven years of age, entered by
Seth Craig, first premium, $100.

To Lady Julia, a brown mare nine years of age, entered by
C. Guillar, second premium, $50.

The Committee beg leave to further state, that the exhibi-
tion of horses under this class contained many animals of re-
markable training, style and action, and, indeed, so near to a

218

state of perfection had they all heen brought, that it became
no inconsiderable difficulty for your Committee to determine
which horse was entitled to a preference. The Committee, in
making up their judgment, feel it to be their duty to award
the premiums to those horses most distinguished for the comr
bination of those qualities for which they had been entered,
and, therefore, while they were not, perhaps, superior in any
one of the qualities of style, training, or action, to those
horses which have not taken premiums, still, as has been said,
your Committee thought it their duty to award the premiums
to those horses whose merits taken collectively were the
greatest.

Your Committee learned that the horses exhibited before them
were generally trained under the "Beaucher system," which,
while it is rather more tedious and requires more patience on
the part of the trainer than other systems, still insures in the
end almost every requisite that could be desired for a saddle
horse. It is, however, to be understood that this system is
expected to be modified and adapted to the circumstances under
which it may be applied, and the objects, tastes, &c., of the
trainer.

Your Committee cannot conclude this report without call-
ing to the notice of the Executive Committee, for special com-
mendation, the following horses : —

Buck Eye — owned by E. Townsend ; a fine bay gelding,
possessing good action aad much perfection in training.

Charlie — a bay gelding, owned by John Taylor ; a horse of
fine bearing and action.

Cyrus — a light bay gelding, owned by R. R. Stewart ; a
horse, perhaps, more conspicuous for his training- than any of
the other exhibited before your Committee.

Board of Judges. — David Paul Brown, Jr., Chairman,
Henry Gorgas, Wm. W. Bullar.

219

NO. 24.— SADDLE HORSES.
(for speed.)

The Committee on saddle horses for speed, (Class I., No.
24,) respectfully report that they have awarded the following
premiums :

To Harry, a roan gelding, aged eight years, and owned by
Thos. Swain, first premium, $100 ; to Buchanan, a sorrel
gelding, aged seven years, owned by John Abraham, second
premium, $50.

The test of speed was in mile heats, jDest two out of three,
and the trot was won by Harry — making the first mile in
three minutes, and the third mile in two minutes and fifty
seconds.

Moonshine was withdrawn, and Marshall P. Wilder being
excluded from competition on account of carrying a rider un-
der weight, was also withdrawn.

All of which is respectfully reported by —
David Paul Brum, Jr., (Chairman) ; Henry Gorgas, Wm.
M. Bullok.

NO. 25.— FAMILY HORSES, SINGLE.
(fok general utility.)

The Committee report the following awards :

First premium, $100 — M. A. Kellogg, Pa., George ; second
do. $80 — Wm. Hutchinson, of New-York, Kentucky Hunter;
third do. $60 — A. Small, Pa., Lady Washington ; 4th do.
$50_D. B. Stetson, Pa., Topsey ; 5th do. $40— R. Green-
well, John ; sixth do. $30 — D. S. Quintan, Charley ; seventh
do. $20— W. Cook, Hvmter.

Special premiums of $10 to C. Tete, and $5 to Wm. Der-
mott.

The Committee had a very arduous duty to perform, from
the great number of entries in this particular class ; however,
after considerable time spent in an examination of the quali-

220

ties, symmetry and action, as tvell as soundness, of the animals
subjected for inspection, report as above.

Board of Judges. — Cliarles Lloyd, Jr., E. K. Conklin,
James Torbert, Jno. S. Irick, Arthur W. Conovor.

NO. 26.— FAMILY HORSES, SINGLE.

(speed.)

First premium, $200— G. E. Hall, of Philadelphia, for
Jessie ; second do. $100 — S. Foster, of do., for Major ; third,
do. $80— E. K. Conklin, do., for Boss.

Board of Judges.-^ Joseph. McGraw, Jr., of Dryden, N.
Y. ; Col. Webb, Massilon, Ohio ; James Torbett, Philad ;
John B. Gray, Fredricksburg, Ya, ; Lewis B. Brown, New-
York.

No. 27.— UNTRAINED HORSES.

The Committee on " Untrained Horses in harness, (No. 27)
open to all horses that have never trotted for money," report
as follows : —

The premiums for this class were for untrained horses that
had not been tvorked for great speed. We were forced to the
conclusion that all of them, (with, perhaps, the exception of
a mare that was withdrawn,) were trained, and we think if
parties will take chances with the Society, they cannot, with
justice, complain of the strictest scrutiny. The Society not
only has the right, but it is their duty, to investigate such
cases, and hold exhibitors strictly to the rules. We therefore
recommend that the entrance money be returned to the parties
and no premiums be declared in this class of horses.

We found entered the following horses :

State of Maine, 6 years, owner E. K. Conklin, Philadel-
phia; Young America, 5 years, owner J. Youngken, Philadel-
phia ; Noble Prince, 5 years, owner S. H. Cooper, Camden,
N. J.; Frank, 6 years, owner M. A. Kellogg, Philadelphia ;
Empress, 4 years, owner D. A. McCready, New Rochelle, N.
Y.; Frank Anderson, 6 years, owner Charles Cowly, Bybcrry
P. 0., Pa,; Sorrel Gelding, 5 years, owner Wm. H. Strong,

221

Freehold, N. J.; Sorrel Mare Fanny, 6 years, owner B. M.
Whitlock, New York ; Roan Gelding McLean, owner John
McLean, Philadelphia.

Board of Judges. — John A.King, Jamaica, L. I.; David
Leavitt, Great Barrington, Mass.; Lewis G. Morris, Mount
Fordham, N. Y.; A. M. Tredwcll, Madison, N. J.; Henry Car-
roll, Jr., Westerman's Mills., Ind.; Lewis B. Brown, Chairman.

NO. 28.— TROTTING STALLIONS.

The Committeee acting as Judges in the class of stallions
6 years old and upwards, have performed the duty assigned to
it, and respectfully report that only three horses were pre-
sented for the premiums, viz : — John Henry, Young Rattler
and Montreal ; and that John Henry is entitled to the first
premium of two hundred dollars, having beat two heats in
2:43 each trial.

That the horse Young Rattler is entitled to the second pre-
mium of one hundred dollars, having beaten two heats in
2:46 and 2:44 1-2, which is respectfully submitted.

Board of Judges. — D. Leavitt, Great Barrington, Mass. ;
Edward Harris, Morristown, N. J. ; Richard Semans, Cecil
county, Md. ; L. B. Brown, New- York City.

NO. 29.— TROTTING STALLIONS.
(under six tears.)

First premium to E. K. Conklin, for American Star, $150.
There was no competition.

Board of Judges. — David Sanderson, Somerville, N. J. ;
James Torbert, Philad. ; Wm. King, Pliilad.

NO. 30.— MULES.

The Judges on Mules, (Class No. 30,) have attended to the
duty assigned them, and have awarded the first premium of
$50 to James Buckalew for a pair of black mules. No. 187
and 188.

The second premium of $25 to George W. Hocker, for pair
of mules, Nos. 193 and 194.

222

The third premium of $15 to James Buckalew, for pair of
mules Nos. 189 and 190.

The Judges regret that the regulations were such as to pre-
vent them awarding premiums to teams, or single mules, —
there being a fine display of both. They would, however,
recommend a special premium to Geo. W. Hocker for his team
of six mules, also to F. R. Showers for his single mule, (No.
364.)

Board of Judges. — Saml. Goldin, Oley Barks county, Pa. ;
Thos. Watson, Philad. ; Franklin A. Comly, Philad.

CIL.-A.SS III. -_ SiaiEEI^-

No. 31.— LONG WOOLED SHEEP.

The Committee upon long wooled sheep beg leave respect-
fully to report, that they have carefully examined the various
lots of sheep of this class submitted to them. The Committee
will take the liberty to congratulate the United States Agri-
cultural Society upon the numbers and the high quality of the
sheep of this kind presented at this exhibition. The chief
difficulty of the Committee resulted from the nice discrimina-
tion necessary where so many fine animals have competed for
premiums ; to know where justly to withhold these testimo-
nials of merit ; and they have availed themselves of a privi-
lege which they believed they possessed, to bestow several dis-
cretionary premiums upon animals whose excellency demand-
ed some notice at the hands of the Committee.

There is one other subject to which the Committee beg to
be permitted, for a moment, to advert. The distribution of
this fine stock amongst several gentlemen in the various States
of our beloved Union, exhibits the gratifying fact, that suc-
cessful attention has been bestowed upon this variety of sheep
in many different parts of our country, and gives the assur-
ance that those who wish to procure breeders will find no dif-
ficulty in obtaining conveniently such as may suit their tastes.

223

In accordance with the results of our examination we
award the following premiums : —

To William Reybold, Esq., of Delaware, we award, for his
imported buck, 4 years old, the first premium of $30 ; for
his yearling buck, second premium, $10 ; for his four fat
wethers, a discretionary premium, $20.

To Col. J. W. Ware, of Va., we award for his imported
buck, 2 years old, the second premium of $15 ; for his buck,
under 2 years old, the first premium, $20 ; for his five ewes,
the first premium, $25.

To George S. Adler, of , we award for a buck lamb,

7 months old, a discretionary premium of $10.

To Joshua Moloney, of Penn., for six fat wethers, a discre-
tionary premium of $10.

To Charles Daddaker, of Penn., we award for five ewes,
the second premium of $15.

Thomas Aston, of Ohio, we award for his four year old
buck, a discretionary premium of $10 ; for his yearling ewes,
first premium of $20.

Among the various pens of long wooled sheep which were
presented to your Committee, were several of Tartar sheep.
Although your Committee do not feel justified in awarding a
premium to them, they would call the attention of all who
may wish to breed lambs for market to these sheep. They
are said to be remarkably prolific, producing frequently two
to four lambs at a birth at an early age. They arc fine suck-
ers, and would probably be profitable for rearing early lambs
near our cities. Those of Mr. Anthony Newbold and Isaac
Newton's being the most pure in blood, would be most availa-
ble as breeders.

Board of Judges. — T. F. Nelson, Chairman, Clark Co.,Va.;
Benjamin Hood, Chester Co., Penn.; David B. Paul, Philadel-
phia ; W. S. Gardner, Bloomsbury, N. J.; John Wm. Gibbons,
531 Walnut street, Philadelphia.

224

No. 32.— SOUTH DOWN SHEEP.

The undersigned, a quorum of tlie Committee on South
Down Sheep, have the honor to report that, after a careful,
impartial, and protracted examination of the entries for pre-
miums, over "vvhich our jurisdiction extends, we have unani-
mously agreed upon the foUowmg awards : —

For the hest buck, over 2 years old, the first premium of
$30, to Thomas Betts ; for the second best buck, over 2 years
old, the second premium of $15, to Thomas Betts.

For the best buck under two years old, the first premium of
$20, to Samuel Thorne ; for the second best buck under two
years old, the second preiuium of $10, to Samuel Thorne.

For the best pen of 5 South Down ewes over two years old,
the first premium of $25, to Joseph Cope, of Penn.

[No other pen of South Down ewes over two years old was
deemed worthy of premium, and therefore no second premium
for ewes of that class was awarded.]

For best pen of five South Down ewes, under two years old,
the first premium of $20, to Joseph Cope.

For the second best pen of South Down ewes, (more than
five in number,) the second premium of $10, to Thomas
Betts, of New York.

Your Committee, apart from the animals to which, in ac-
cordance with your rules, premiums have been awarded, and
which we have rarely, if ever, seen surpassed, beg leave to
speak in terms of very high commendation of a two year old
buck exhibited by John Worth, as to which, in 'connexion
with second premiums, your Committee long hesitated. They
also consider worthy of most creditable mention the two year-
ling bucks exhibited by Daniel B. Haight, Aaron Clement and
Joseph Cope, respectively. Indeed, your Committee could
not but regret that the number of premiums offered on so im-
portant a branch of live-stock as sheep contribute, were so
limited in number and amount, and would especially suggest
that the premiums for breeding ewes, considering the number
(five) required to be presented, and the risk and trouble of

225

their transportation, arc entirely too low. Your Committee
would, therefore, respectfully recommend that the Committee
on discretionary premiums be instructed to pay especial atten-
tion to sheep.

Your Committee would further suggest that they found con-
siderable dissatisfaction to exist at the fact that imported and
home-bred sheep are brought into direct competition, it being
alleged that the difference of climate, &c., causes such deteri-
oration in the wool, &c., that no fair comparison can justly be
made.

Board of Judges. — Williamm Reybold, Delaware City;
Ramsay McHenry, Harford Co., Md.; John Exton, Delaware
City, Del.

No. 33.— SAXON SHEEP

None exhibited.

No. 34.— SILESIAN MERINOS.

BUCKS.

Two years old and over, first premium $30, George Camp-
bell, Vt. ; second do., $15, Wm. Chamberlain, N. Y.

Under two years, first premium $20, Wm. Chamberlin, N.
Y.; second do. $10, George Campbell, Vt.

EWES, NOT LESS THAN FIVE IN NUMBER.

Two years old and over, first premium $25, George Camp-
bell, Vt.; second do. $15, Wm. Chamberlin, N. Y.

Under two years, first premium $20, Wm. Chamberlin,
N. Y.

Board of Judges. — Isaac Newton, Delaware Co., Pa.; Rob-
ert L. Wright, Loudon Co., Va.; Jacob N. Blakeslee, Water-
town, Ct.; James Thornton, Jr., Byberry, Pa.; Isaac Pearson,
Holmesburg, Pa.

No. 35.— FRENCH MERINOS.

BUCKS.

Two years old and over, first premium, $30, W. Chamber-
lin, New York ; second premium, $15, Daniel Kimball, Vt.
14

226

Under one year, first premium, $20, Daniel Kimball, Ver-
mont ; second premium, f 10, W. Chamberlin, New York.

EWES, NOT LESS THAN FIVE IN NUMBER.

Two years old and over, first premium, $25, W. Cham-
berlin, New York ; second best, $15, Daniel Kimball, Vt.

Under two years old, first premium, $20, Wm. Chamberlin,
New York ; second premium, $10, Daniel Kimball, Vt.

Judg-es, same as for Silesians.

No. 36.— SPANISH MERINOS.

BUCKS.

Two years old and over, first premium, $30, Geo. Camp-
bell, Vt. ; second premium, $15, J. N. Blakeslee, Conn.

Under two years old, first premium, $20, George Camp-
bell, Vt. ; second premium, $10, same.

EWES, NOT LESS THAN FIVE IN NUMBER.

Two years old and over, first premium, $25, J. N. Blakeslee,
Conn.

Under two years old, first premium, $20, J. N. Blakeslee,
Conn. ; second premium, $10, Geo. Campbell, Vt., and recom-
mend a complimentary premium of $5 to the same.

Judges, same as for French Merinos.

CASHMERE GOATS.

The special Committee appointed to examine the specimens
of thorough and crossbred Cashmere Goats, exhibited by Mr.
Richard Peters of Atalanta, Ga.,

Report that they have with great satisfaction attended to
the duty assigned them, and find it a difficult task, in the
brief notice which they design at present to furnish, to express
their admiration of the beauty of this animal, their expecta-
tion of its great utility, and their conviction of the important

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part which it is destined to sustain in the development of the
general physiological laws that lie at the basis of the success-
ful breeding of domesticated animals. They hope at some
future day to present a more extended notice of tlie natural
history of these species, and of the prospective advantage of
its introduction into the United States.

Your Committee at present desire, in a most emphatic man-
ner, to commend the public spirit and far-sighted skill evinced
by Mr. Peters in the trial, so successfully conducted, of prov-
ing the adaptation of this native of the Himalayas to the cli-
mate of this country.

With entire unanimity they recommend that a testimonial
of the highest grade awarded as discretionary premiums, with
a suitable inscription, be prepared under the direction of the
Executive Committee and presented and forwarded by the
President to the exhibitor.

Board of Judges. — A. B. Conger, Rockland county, N. Y. ;
Jonathan Thorne, New-York City ; Tench Tilghman, Oxford,
Md. ; Robt. L. Wright, Loudon county, Va. ; T. F. Neilson,
Virginia ; Jno. Wm. Gibbons, Philad.

INTEODUCTION OF THE CASHMERE SHAWL GOAT.

The following article, by D. J. Browne, Esq., of the Agri-
cultural Department, Patent Office, Washington, on the intro-
duction of wool-bearing goats, has deservedly attracted con-
siderable attention in the United States and within the past few
years, a well-directed and apparently successful attempt hav-
ing been made in 1849, by Dr. James B. Da^ds, of Columbia*
in South Carolina. Having resided several years in the do
minions of the Sultan, in 1838, he procured in Turkey, in
Asia, seven females and two male goats, alleged to be of the
pure Cashmere breed.

In 1853, when Dr. Davis communicated to the Patent Office
some account of these animals, he stated that the number of
pure breed of his flock was then but thirty, the progeny hav-
ing been chiefly males ; but that the half and quarter breeds
obtained by crosses with the common goat, were much more

228

numerous. He also stated that the full-blooded young were
equal in all respects to the imported, with even a finer and
heavier fleece, while the mixed breeds proved a great improve-
ment upon the common stock. He moreover stated that he
had a female Thibet-shawl goat, from which there had been
considerable increase bybreeding with a Cashmere buck. The
demand for the bucks of his flock, at |100, was said to be
very great, and even the mixed breeds were freely purchased
by persons who were anxious to improve the varieties already
in the country. Information has also been received from other
sources, that some of the full-blooded males of this stock were
taken to the banks of the Hudson, in New York, as well as to
other places, and have prospered well.

In 1854, Mr. Richard Peters, of Atalanta, in Georgia, pur-
chased of Dr. Davis his entire stock of full-blooded female
goats, and some of the males ; and he has since been under-
stood to decline parting with any of them, in the liope that
other persons may be encouraged to make direct importations.

In the communication of Dr. Davis referred to above, it is
remarked that the '* Cashmere, Persian, Angora and Circas-
sian goats, are one and the same animal, changed in some re-
spects by altitude, though but little by latitude." Mr. Pe-
ters, however, says of those in his possession, in a recent com-
munication, " that they differ materially from the Thibet
shawl-goats, and also from the Angora goats, although they
may prove to be of that variety, changed by climate, breeding
and selections. " They are, in my opinion," he adds, " the
true Cashmere goats, a variety never before introduced into
Europe nor America." He proceeds, " A Mons. Torneau, in
1818, introduced a large flock of the Thibet goats into France,
descendants of which are now bred in England. I have seen
specimens of the latter ; they are of but little vahie, and en.
tirely different from the Davis goats." * * * " The goats o
the province of Angora are of mixed colors, and have a coarse
fleece, with their horns turned down, and differ from the
Davis goats as much as our common sheep from the Merinos."

There appears to be some misapprehensions manifested in
these quotations, which it may be proper to correct : The

229

Caslimorc and the Tliiljet goat are the same. The regions
called Cathmerc and Thibet adjoin each otlier, and tlie west-
ern portion of the latter, which is called Little Thibet, is in-
cluded in the dominions of the Moharajah of Cashmere. This
goat is found also in the country of the Kirghiz, in Central
Asia, at the bend of the Ural, north of the Caspian sea. It
is of the size of the domestic varieties most common in
Europe and the United States, and is covered with long, flat,
and falling ^ilky hair, beneath which there is in winter the
delicate greyisli wool which constitutes the fabric of the costly
Cashmere shawls of commerce. Only 3 ounces of this wool
are, on the 'average, obtained from each goat. This is sold by
the goatherds for a little over $1 a pound. Thirty oimces,
valued at |2, is all that is required in the manufacture of a
shawl a yard- and a half square. The immense cost of these
shawls in the European market is therefore a subject of much
wonder to those unacquainted with the history of their manu-
facture and transp;3rtation. The wool is first combed from
the goats in the mountains of Thibet and sent to Cashmere,
where a heavy duty is paid upon it. It is there bleached,
spun into yarn, and taken to the bazaar, where another tax is
paid upon it. The thread is then dyed, the shaAvl woven, and
the border attached to it, when the weaver has to carry it to
the custom-house, where it is taxed according to the discretion
or caprice of the collector. The two dollars' worth of wool
have by this time become magnified in value ; but if they are
intended for thQ European market, they have yet to pass
through the ordeal of still heavier exactions. They must be
borne from Cashmere across the Indus to Peshawur on the
frontier of Afghanistan, a journey of twenty days, upon the
back of a man, the road being often impassable by camels or
mules, deep precipices being crossed upon suspension bridges
of rope, and perpendicular rocks climbed by means of wood-
en ladtlers. At various stages of this journey, taxes are ex-
acted, amounting to $9 or $10 in the aggregate. From Pe-
shawur to near the confines of Europe, tribute is paid at
many custom-houses ; but the forbearance of the marauders
of Afghanistan and Persia, and of the Turkomanic hordes,

230

must also be purchased at a high price. The precious
burden is then conveyed to Europe over the Caucasus, and
through Russia, or, as is now frequent, through the Turkish
provinces to Constantinople.

There is some evidence of the importation both of the Thi-
bet and the Angora goats into France at different times. Mr.
Peters, as has already been quoted, ascribes to a Mr. Tour-
neau, in 1818, the importation into France of the Thibet goat,
which he believes he has lately seen in England in a degene-
rate condition. It is probable, however, that, as a casual ob-
server, Mr. Peters did not take time to investigate the proofs
• of the idenity of the goats he saw, with the importations from
Thibet into France. It is well known that, in 1819, a Mons.
Jaubert brought some 400 or 500 Thibet goats from the
Kirghiz territory to France, having started from the former
country with 1,300. Those which survived the journey were
received at Marseilles by a Mons. Tessier, and by him placed in
various situations in France. A doubt was at one time ex-
pressed as to the purity of the breed of these goats, but no
good reason was advanced as the basis of such a doubt. Their
fleece did not prove abundant enough for profit, however, un-
til 1823, when a Mons. Holonceau caused a cross to be made
between the Thibet, or Cashmere, and Angora goat, (whence
the latter, was procured was not stated,) with great success,
insomuch that, instead of three, thirty ounces of down was
obtained from each of several of the cross-breeds ; and, it is
added, of a superior quality, being of finer and longer staple,
while the animals themselves were quite as hardy and more
docile.

In 1824, some of the Thibet goats were conveyed from
France to the county of Essex, in England, l:»y a Mr. Towers ;
but the number was not regarded as sufficient, nor is there
any record of the result.

Mr. Davis is therefore obviously misled ' in supposing that
the four varieties of goats named by him are identical ; and
Mr. Peters is equally in error in the distinction he defines be-
tween Cashmere and Thibet-shawl goats, and in alleging that
the goats of Angora are of mixed colors, coarser fleece, &c.,

231

for they are always described as " invariably of a silvery white?
witli long and silky hair of one sort only." The specimens
received at this office, of the fleece of Mr. Peters' goats, cor-
respond with this description of the hair of the Angora goat,
and no specimen has been received of the greyish undergrowth
of down peculiar to the Cashmere or Thibet ; but we have
the authority of an officer of the British army, who passed
several years in India, for the statement that, from goats
taken from the mountains of Thibet to the warm climate o*
British India, this down wholly disappeared the first year.
The portraits of a pair of Mr. Peters' goats, correspond to
the descriptions usually given of those of the Thibet breed.

From all the information at present obtainable upon this
general subject, it may be concluded that the goats in the
possession of Mr. Peters are probably of the true Thibet or
Cashmere variety ; that it is to the intelligence, energy, and
patriotic enterprise of Dr. Davis and Mr. Peters the country
is indebted for the best directed, most persistent, and most
successful effort that has ever been made to introduce an im-
proved breed of goats either into Europe or America ; and
that the example of these gentlemen should be emulated by
every intelligent and public spirited agriculturist in the coun-
try, who has the means of either uniting in the work of mak-
ing further importations, or of causing the general propaga-
tion and cherishing of these introduced by others. The im-
portance of this enterprise is greater than is usually supposed ;
for, deprecate as we may, in the theory the desire of line and
luxurious apparel, this desire is universal, and will be grati-
fied at whatever cost. The home demand for woolen fabrics
of the finest textures will continue to be large, urgent, and
permanent, and the home supply should correspond to it. The
flesh, also, of the goat and of the kid, has always been relish-
ed and regarded as wholesome and nutritious in those coun-
tries in which it is abundant. From the most remote anti-
quity, the milk of the goat has been in requisition in various
parts of the world. In Syria, at the present day, the milk of
the goat and sheep, almost, if not entirely, supersedes that of
the cow, and its products of butter and cheese are in general

232

use. In Switzerland, and in mountainous and other portions
of France, Spain, Italy, &c., the same usage prevails. The
variety and coarseness of the fare of the goat, the hardiness
of its nature, and the facility with which it accommodates it-
self to either a sheltered or exposed life, enahle persons in all
situations to keep it without inconvenience, with the single
exception that it is destructful to young trees, which it de-
nudes of their bark when they are accessible to it ; but it
generally selects bitter and slightly astringent herbs for its
food.

Many reasons have been assigned for the fact that the pres-
ence of a goat in a stable is beneficial to the health of the
horse, such as that the odor exhaled from its body is salutary,
that its companionship is clieering to him in his solitude, that
the portions it selects from his food would be injurious to him,
&c. Whether the primary fact assumed is true, and if so,
whether each or all of these causes are real, will not here be
discussed ; but the usage of encouraging this companionship
have been so well approved by experience, that its practice,
which is seldom attended either with expense or inconveni-
ence, should not be inconsiderately forsaken. These remarks
apply alike to the common varieties, and to the improved
breeds of goats herein commended to favor and adoption.

D. J. B.

No. 37. — LAEGE BREED.

To C. Miller for Grade boar, first prize, $25 ; to Thomas
Richardson for Yorkshire boar, two years old, $15 ; to Peter
Rose for Chester boar, one year old, $20 ; to George W. Hunt
for best Berkshire sow, two years old, $25; to Lewis P. Hoopes,
second prize, $15 ; to Lewis P. Hoopes for the best pen of
Chester pigs, $15 ; to George W. Hunt for second best pen of
Berkshire pigs, $10 ; to Pennsylvania Hospital, best and larg-
est boar three years old, $25 ; to John McGowan for second

233

Chester boar, |15 ; to George D. Parrisli for best Chester boar,
one year old, $20 ; to Mr. Cartwright for second best Chester
boar, one year old, $10.

A special premium of $20 was awarded to Daniel B.
Haight, New York, for the best Berkshire boar, six months
old.

No. 38.— SMALL SWINE.

To Robert Purvis, for best Suffolk boar, two years old, $25 ;
to George J. Curwen, for Essex boar, three years old, second
prize, $15 ; to E. P. Dickey for best Suffolk sow, two years old,
first prize, $25 ; to G. V. Dickey for Suffolk boar, one year
old, first prize, $20 ; Dr. Crabb, for second best boar, one year
old, 10.

A special premium of $10, to Thomas Wood for his pen of
fine pigs.

Your Committee would respectfully submit the above re-
port, and would say that the swine exhibited were generally
of a superior character.

Board of Judges. — John Wilkinson, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. ;
Joseph W. Cooper, Camden, N. J. ; Francis Pratt, Brides-
burg, Penn. ; George Pepper Norris, Wilmington, Del. ;
Isaac H. Wood, Hadonfield, N. J.

No. 39.— SWINE OF OTHER BREEDS.

Boars, two years and over, first premium, $25, Pennsylva-^
nia Hospital, second best, $15, John McGowan.

Boars, one year and over, first premium $20, George D.
Parrish ; second best, $10, Mr. Cartwright.

No. 40. — PIGS,
(not less than six in litter.)

Six months old and under ten, first premium, $15, Lewis
P. Hoopes ; second best, $10, George W. Hunt.

Special premiums of $20 to C. B. Haight New York, and
to Thomas Wood.

234

Ko. 41.— GALLINACEOUS FOWLS.

For the best collection of different varieties of pure bred
fowls, owned by tlie exhibitor, $25, J. T. Crabb ; second best,
$15, S. C. Radford ; discretionary premium of $10 to W.
W. Clark, for his fancy pigeons.

No. 42.— LARGER ASIATIC FOWLS.

For the best trio, red or buif Shanghae, $5, Robert Purvis ;
second best, $3, Dr. James T. Crabb.

For the best trio of black Shanghae, $5, Dr. James T. Crabb;
second best, $3, same.

For the best trio of white Shanghae, $5, Dr. Jas. T. Crabb >
second best, $3, same.

For best trio of gray or Bramah Pootras, $5, James Gilles-
pie ; second best, $3, James T. Crabb.

No. 43.— OTHER GALLINACEOUS FOWLS.

For the best trio of black Spanish, $5, A. Holden ; second
best, $3, S. C. Radford.
^ For the best trio of white Dorking, $5, A. Holden ; second
best, $3, same.

For the best pair of gray or speckled Dorking, $5, E. T.
Hyatt ; second best, |3, same.

For the best trio of silver penciled Hamburghs, $5, J. C.
Crabb.

For the best trio of golden pencilled Hamburghs, $5, A.
Holden.

For the best trio of golden spangled Hamburghs $5, S. C.
Radford.

For the best trio of black Hamburghs, $5, H. Cooper.

For the best trio Dominique dunghill, $5, S. C. Radford.

Discretionary premium of $3, to John Denton.

235

No. 43^.— OTHER GALLINACEOUS FOWLS, (Continued.)

For the best trio of white crested black Polish, $5, S. C.
Radford ; second best, $3, A. Holden.

For the best trio of games, |5, Matthias Rush ; second
best, $3, same.

For the best trio of bantams, $5, James Gillespie ; second
best, $2, James T. Crabb.

Discretionary premium to G. D. Stroud, for -white Polands.

No. 44.— TURKEYS.

For the best pair wild, $5, James T. Crabb.
For the best pair domestic, $5, S. C. Radford ; second best,
same.

No. 45.— GUINEA FOWLS.

For the best pair, $5, S. C. Radford ; second best, $, Henry
Bowman.

Discretionary premium to James T. Crabb.

No. 46.— DUCKS.

For the best pair, or trio Aylesbury, |5, Thomas Richard-
son ; second best, $3, S. C. Radford.

For the best pair, or trio, Rouen, $5, W. W. Ball ; second
best, $3, Robert Purvis.

For the best pair, or trio, Poland, $5, S. C. Radford;
second best, $3, same.

For the best pair, or trio, common, $5, S. C. Radford.

No. 47.— GEESE.

For the best pair Bremen, $5, James T. Crabb ; second
best, $3, Peter Rose.

For the best pair Hong Kong, or African, $5, W. W. Ball ;
second best, $3, S. C. Radford.

236

On a portion of this class the Committee do not report
until the annual meeting of the Society, in January.

GRAIN AND SEEDS.

Best barrel of winter wheat, $5, Gr. Emerson. *

Best barrel of rye, $o, Robert Pervis.

Best barrel of oats, $5, Plartman Kuhn.

Best barrel Northern corn, in the ear, $5, Henry Cooper ;
second best, $3, D. Landreth ; third best, $2, C. Landreth.

Best barrel Southern corn, in the ear, ^5, J. Gibson ; second
best, $3, H. Grambo ; third best, $2, D. Landreth.

Best bushel of potatoes, ^5, J. Gibson ; second best, $8,
J. T. Gcarhart ; third best, $2, Henry Cooper.

The Committee desire to call attention to Dr. Emerson's
samples of Turkish flint wheat, and other varieties presented
for exhibition by him — an account of which is subjoined.

A. E. EcKFELDT, for the Judges.

*

DR. EMERSON'S WHEAT.

The Bearded White Wheat was grown in Kent Co. Dela^
ware, from seed obtained three years ago from Chester Co.,
Penn. It has improved in productiveness and quality, each
successive harvest, ripening as early as Mediterranean wheat.
The soil in which it was grown, is a clay loam and the fer-
tilizer used was Jourdons' Ammoniated Super-phosophate of
Lime, 350 lbs. to the acre, apjdicd immediately after sowing.
The average of the crop was about twenty-five bushels per
acre. It was sown late and some injured by the severe winter.

The Earljj Georgia Wheat^ ripens about five or six days
earlier than the Mediterranean. It was raised in Kent Co.,
Delaware, from seed obtained from Georgia three years ago.
The grain is heavier than that of the Bearded White Wheat,

237

but it is not so productive, nor is the quality of the flour
made from it equal.

The Turkhh Flint Wheat, stood last winter well, and ma-
tured in good time as the brightness of the straw will show.
The heads resemble those of black and blighted wheat, but
the grains are bright, large and heavy. It promises well.

The small-headed, bearded wheat was raised from seed ob-
tained from the Mediterranean, It is hardy and stood last
winter well. The straw is short and small, but it covers the
ground very thickly, and matures early as the bright straw of
the sa'mple shows. It promises well.

The two other varieties of wheat, were obtained through
the Patent Office, but neither stood the winter well, or ma-
tured sufficiently early to admit of culture in the Middle
States.

cow PEAS.

The yellow speckled Cow Peas were raised on a clay loam
soil in Kent Co., Delaware, and have matured well.

The other variety of Cow Pea having a much larger pod,
has grown luxuriantly in the same place, but did not mature
in good time. It may, however, answer admiral)ty for turn-
ing under like clover, to improve the reduced soils. Both va-
rieties when pulled up green, and cured like clover, make ex-
cellent provender for cattle.

G. EMERSON, Philadelphia.

Oct. 1, 1856.

THE CHINESE SUGAR CANE.*

BY RICHARD PETERS ESQ., ATALANTA, GEORGIA.

I feel it my duty to make known to the public the result
of my Syrup-making from the Chinese Sugar Millet, in hopes
that others who have sown this valuable variety of the Millet,
may be induced to work it up into Syrup this season.

I obtained my start of seed during the spring of 1855, from

* Note. — Six bottles of the Syrup, made from the Cane, were presented by Mr
Peters at ihe Exhibition.

238

D. Redmond, Esq., of the " Southern Cultivator.'''' I con-
sidered it a " humbug," from its close resemblance in seed
and growth to the " Guinea Cane," until my children, towards
fall, made the discovery of its being to their taste equal to
the true Sugar Cane.

This year I planted one patch, April 15th, another May
18th, near Calhoun, Gordon county, on land that would pro-
duce, during a " seasonable " year, forty bushels of corn per
acre, and this year not over twenty bushels.

Seed sown carelessly in drills, three feet apart, covered
with a one-horse plow ; intending to " chop out" to a stand
of one stalk six inches apart in the row ; but failed to get a
good stand, as the seed came up badly from the deep and
irregular covering. Worked out, same as for corn, plowing
twice and hoeing once.

By suggestion of Gov. Hammond, of South Carolina, I
determined to give the Syrup-making a fair trial ; conse-
quently ordered from the Messrs. Winship, of Atalanta, a very
complete horse-power mill, with vertical iron rollers, that has
worked admirably, crushing out juice for eight gallons of
Syrup per hour, worked by two mules, with one hand to put
in the Cane, and a boy to drive.

On the 13th of this month, finding the seed fully ripe, I
had the fodder pulled, and the seed heads cut.

Yield of fodder per acre, 1,100 to 1,300 pounds. Yield of
seed per acre, 25 bushels of 36 pounds to the bushel.

First trial of mill, 70 average canes gave 20 quarts of juice.
606 average canes, passed once through the rollers, gave 38|^
gallons of juice : passed a second time through, gave 2 gal-
lons of juice ; the 40| gallons, gave 8 gallons thick Syrup.

I carefully measured an eighth of an acre, having the best
canes, and the best stand, another eighth having the poorest
stand. The result I give below, the poorest canes and the
poorest stand having passed once through the roller.

BEST EIGHTH OP AN ACRE.

Yield of juice from 3,315 canes, - - - - 253 gallons.
Yield of syrup from 253 gallons juice, - - 58 J "
Rates per acre of syrup, - - - - - 4G8 "

339

POOREST EIGHTH OF AN ACRE.

Yield of juice from 2,550 canes, - . - - 179 gallons.
Yield of syrup, from 179 gallons juice, - - 53^ "
Eates per acre of syrup, ----- 34G "

Weight of 30 selected canes, ... - 49i pounds.
Weight of juice pressed out, - - - - 25| "
Weight of Ci'ushed cane, - - - - - 23 "
Loss in crushing, _-----^"

Weight of crushed cane dried in sun, - - 9^ "

The following tests were made at the mill, by Dr. Robert
Battey, of Rome, Ga., a graduate of the Philadelphia Col-
lege of Pharmacy : —

Specific gravity of juice, ------ 1.085

Specific gravity of syrup, . - _ - _ 1.335

Specific gravity of New Orleans syrup, - - - 1.321
Thermometer applied to syrup, - . - - 77*^
Thermometer applied to juice, _ - - . 70"
Saccharometer applied to juice, - _ - - 25^°

The juice should be placed in the boilers immediately on
being pressed out, then boiled slowly, until the green scum
ceases to rise ; then stir in a tea-spoonful of air-slacked lime
to five gallons of juice ; continue skimming and boiling until
the syrup thickens and hangs down in flakes on the rim of
the dipper.

I have made the clearest syrup by simply boiling and skim-
ming, without lime or other clarifiers.

The lime is requisite to neutralize a portion of the acid in
the juice ; the true proportion must be determined by well-
conducted experiments.

The cost of making the Syrup in upper Georgia, in my
opinion, will not exceed ten or fifteen cents per gallon. This
I shall be able to test another season, by planting and work-
ing up fifty acres of the cane.

I am satisfied that this plant will enable every farmer and
planter in the Southern States to make at home all the syrup
required for family use ; and I believe that our chemists will
soon teach us how to convert the syrup into sugar, for export,
as one of the staples of our favored clime.

240

Obtaining such iinlooked for success, with the Chinese
Sugar Cane, I conckided to try our common corn. From a
" new ground," planted three by three, one stalk to a hill, a
week beyond the roasting-ear stage, I selected thirty stalks.

Weight of 30 stalks,

Weight of juice, . _ _ _ .

Weight of crushed stalks, - - - -
Loss in crushing, -- -

Yiekl of syrup, ------

The syrup of the common corn is of a peculiar disagreeable
taste, entirely unfit for table use.

S')^

Ibs.

15*

u

19i

ii

*

il

1|-

pints,

VEGETABLES

The undersigned, Judges of the Committee on " Agricul-
tural Products,'^ section Vegetables, cannot but regret that
the number of collections of garden products offered for ex-
amination was so small, there having heen only four competi-
tors for the premium under this section. Messrs. A. L. Fel-
ton, George Blight, Henry A. Drew, and Judge Leeper.

All the collections were composed of choice specimens ; but
your Committee^ have no hesitation in awarding the premi-
um of $20 to Mr. A. L. Felton, for the best collection of Gar-
den Products ; and the second premiun of $10, to Mr.
George Blight, both of Philadelphia. Both of these collec-
tions were very large, and embraced almost every variety of
vegetable, both in season and out of season, many ot great
variety and all of superior quality. They were tastefully ar-
ranged, Mr. Blight having interspersed among them his pots
of plants in bloom, and several baskets of beautiful cut flow-
ers.

It may be proper in this report, to notice the exhibition of
4 Mammoth Pumpkins, weighing respectiyely 200, 175, 150,
146 pounds, grown by Mr. Robert Turner, of Woodbury,
N. J., and your Committee recommend that a discretionary
premium of $3 should be awarded to the Exhibitor.

241

All of "whicli is respectfully submitted.
Board of Judges. — Samuel Williams, Charles R. King,
Charles T. Strattou.

CHINESE POTATO.

Of these there were some very large and fine specimens
from W. R. Prince, N. Y.

The Committee appointed to examine the Chinese Potato,
(^Dioscorea Batatas,^ respectfully report :

That a specimen having been cooked, was placed before the
Committee for their examination. The specimen was about
eighteen • aches long, and four inches in diameter. The com-
mittee ta-e pleasure in stating, that, after trial, they consider
it very si .lilar in quality, and fully equal in flavor to the or-
dinary potato, and that it will probably prove an acquisition.

Board </ Judges. — W. D. Brinckle, Penn., Alfred L. Ken-
nedy, Penn., Richard Peters, Ga., John Jones, Del.

APPLES.

The Committee on Apples appointed to award premiums
submit their Report :

Considering the unfavorable season, succeeding an unusu-
ally severe winter, the apples were superior to what your com-
mittee expected to see ; and their al)undance and beauty add-
ed greatly to the display of the Horticultural department.
They award as follows : —

For the largest and best Exhibition to (No. 7) John Per-
kins $50 ; for the second best, to (No. 34,) Jacob Conklin,
$30 ; for the third best to (No. 14,) Haberson and Brother
$20 ; for the best thirty varieties to (No. 24,) Samuel W.
Noble $30 ; for the second best to (No. 38,) David Petit, $20 ;
for the third best, to (No. 1,) James A. Nelson, $10 ; for the
best twelve varieties to (No. 31,) H. A. Nash, $15 ; for the
second best, to ^(No. 10,) Charles Colflesh, $10 ; no third a-

242

warded ; for tlie best dish of one variety, to (No. 2, Graren"
stieii) C. Goodrich $5 ; for the second best to (No. 15,)
William Perry, $4 ; far the third best, to (No. 23,) D. E.
Gyger, ^o ; for the fourth best to (No. 7,) J. Perkins, |2.
For the Committee, C. M. Hovey.

PEARS.

The Committee on Pears, respectfully report that they hare
made the following awards :

For the largest and best exhibition of named varieties, not
less than three specimens each, to Hovey and Co., of Boston,
$50 ; for the second best do. to William Reid, of New Jersey,
$30 ; for the third best do. to William Perry, $20 ; for the
best thirty varieties of six specimens each, to Robert Buist,
$30 ; for the second and third best, no competitors.

For the best twelve varieties of six specimens each, to Isaac
B. Baxter, $15 ; for the second and third best no competitors.

For the best dish of one variety to T. S. Fletcher, $5 ; for
the second best do. to Mrs. Teggitt for Regnier, $4 ; for the
third best do. to George Blight for Seckel, $3 ; for the fourth
best, do. to Chester Pinney for White Doyenne, $2.

The Committee cannot refrain from noticing, with more
than high commendation, the very extensive and unusually
fine collections from the grounds of the President of the Soci-
ety, which were not exhibited in competition, and several
dishes of pears of great merit from other exhibitors. They
therefore, unanimously recommend that the following special
PKEMiUMS be awarded.

For the large and remarkably fine collection exhibited by
the President, $50 ; for a dish of very superior Duchesse
D'Angouleme, exhibited by Richard Longstreth, $2 ; for a
dish of fine Seckel pears exhibited by William Summey, $2 ;
for a dish of unusually large and fine Pears exhibited by
Isaac Eckert, $2.

Board of Judges. — W. D. Brinckle, Pcmi., L. E. Ber
mans, N. J., J. K. Eshleman, Penu,

243

PEACHES.

The show of Peaches was exceedingly meagre, so much so,
that your Committee did not think the specimens offered,
were worthy of the premiums. No collection contained over
four varieties, and these of inferior quality.

They are happy, however, to bring to your notice some seed-
lings which were presented, and to state that in their opinion
they possess much merit, and entitled to the notice of culti-
vators.

They would recommend the following awards :

To J. B. Baxter, for seedling AVliite Peaches, $5 ; to R.
Seaman, of Cecilton, for seedling Yellow Peaches, $3.

For the Committee, C. M. Hovey.

QUINCES.

The exhibition of Quinces was excellent, and finer speci-
mens were probably never shown. It is a gratifying circum-
stance to see so much care bestowed upon this neglected
fruit.

They award as follows : —

To (No. 5,) James Bell, for the best bushel, $5 ; to (No.
15,) William Perry, for the second best, $3.

They would also make honorable mention of fine specimens
from others, T. H. Fletcher (No. 29,) and L. Chamberlain,
(No. 9,)
. For the Committee, C. M. Hovey.

GRAPES.

The Committee appointed to award premiums on Grapes
respectfully report —

That they have awarded the following premiums, viz: —
For the best Native or Seedhng Grape hardy and superior to
the Isabella, the premium of $20, to Mr. Brookbank, of Hud
son county, N. Y., for a white grape called the " Rebecca."

For the second best do., a premium of $10, to Peter Raabe,
of Philad., for a black Grape called the Brinckle.

244

For the best display of Isabella the premium of $10, to (No,
39,) Sarah P. Worrell of Delaware county. Pa.

For the second best display the premium of $5,00, to (No.
21,) John Rice of Philad.

For the best display of Catawba, to (No. 21,) to the same.

For the second best do., to (No. 29,) F. S. Fletcher of
Delano, N. J.

For the best display of Native Grapes, of fourteen varities,
to Iowa Nurseries.

For the second best display, of six varieties, to (No. 17,)
IsrcQC B. Baxter, of Philad.

For the best display of Foreign Grapes, of thirty-four varie-
ties, to (No. 4,) Robert Buist, of Philad.

For the second best display, of five varieties, to (No. 25,)
James Artley, gardener at Eden Hall Institute.

And award a special premium for three varieties, fine
bunches of the Santa Cruz, Damascus and Trebiana, of three
dollars to R. L, Colt of Patterson, N. J.

And in discharge of their duties your Committee deem it
due to the claims of many specimens deposited to notice the
displays of Isabellas and Catawbas, by (No. 20,) S. W. Wain,
Philad. ; (No. 30,) Edward Paramore, N. J. ; (No. 3,) A, L.
Felton, Philad. ; and (No. 16,) Alexander Craige, Philad.

The attention of the Committee were particularly attracted
by some delicious seedlings, viz : — the "Rebecca," and the
" Clara " white grapes, and one from Delaware county. Pa.,
a small white grape much resembling the Bland in flavor.
And your Committee feel as if they would be doing injustice
to their own sentiments if they omitted to speak in the high-
est terms of the valuable acquisition to their department of
horticulture in the production of the seedling Rebecca and
Brinckle, which, with the delicacy of flavor which character-
izes the foreign varieties, combines the quality of hardihood
sufficient to enable them to withstand the rigor of our cli-
mate.

Board of Judges. — E. W. Keyser, Tho. P. James, Philad. ;
Joshua Pierce, Washington, D. C.

245

THE REBECCA GRAPE.

246

The Rebecca originated in the garden of Mr. E. M. Peake,
Hudson, New-York, about eight years ago. Mr. Peake's
garden is in one of the thickly settled streets of the city, and
nearly the usual size of a lot, perhaps one hundred by one
hundred and fity feet deep. Between the house and the
street, there is a small flower garden. It was here that the
original vine grew. Mrs. Peake was about making some
alterations in her flower beds, and this vine being in the way,
her gardener advised her to dig it up, as it was only an " old
wild grape." But disliking to destroy it, she removed it with
her own hands, and planted it very carelessly in the garden,
back of her house, in a very poor and cold clay soil. Here
the vine made slow progress, but continued to increase in
size until the third or fourth year, when it produced a few
clusters of small white grapes. These appeared to possess so
much merit, and were so much better than had been expected,
that pains were tlien taken to feed and nourish it, and prune
it into shape, and it soon well repaid all the labor bestowed
upon it. It grew %dgorously, making shoots ten or fifteen
feet long, and bore abundant crops of the most delicious
grapes, until at the present time it has reached the top of the
house, and covers a trellis ten feet wide and twenty-five feet
high, loaded with fruit.

Bunches medium size, about six inches long, very compact,
without shoulders ; berries mediiim size, obovate, about three-
quarters of an inch in diameter ; skin thin, greenish white,
becoming of a pale amber color at full maturity, covered with
a thin white bloom ; flesh very juicy, soft, and melting, and
free from pulp ; flavor rich, sugary, -^anous, and brisk, with a
peculiar musky and luscious aroma, distinct from any other
grape ; seeds small, two to four in each berry ; leaves scarcely
of medium size, about seven inches long and seven in width,
very deeply lobcd and coarsely and sharply serrated ; upper
surface light green, slightly rougli ; under surface covered
with a thin, whitish down ; nerves prominent ; petioles rather
slender.

247

WATERMELONS.

The Pear and Apple Committees having been jointly con-
stituted a Committee on Watermelons, respectfully report —
that they recommend the award of tlie following special pre-
miums : —

For a fine collection of watermelons, embracing noble speci-
mens of the Mountain Sweet, and eight new varieties, viz. :
Odoll's Large White, the Sonter, the Clarendon or Dirk
Speckled, the Bradford, Pomaria, Florida, Hale and Impe-
rial— som3 of them of great merit — exhibited by J. J.
Hatch, $10.

For fine specimens of Mountain Sweet, exhibited by Cam-
pion and Goldie, $3.

Board of Jiidg-es. — W. D. Brinckle, Philadelphia; L. E.
Berckmans, Plainfield, N. J. ; C. M. Hovey, Boston ; Edmund
Tatnall, jr., AVilmington, Del.

NATIVE WINES.

The undersigned, members of the Committee on Nativ®
Wines, report — that on the evening of October the 8th they
met at the rooms of President Wilder, La Pierre House,
where the various wines sent to the Exhibition were sulimit-
ted to them. These comprised still and sparkling Cata^vba ;
still and sparkling Isabella ; wine from California, of four
kinds — Port, White, Angelica and Red. Also, wine from
a Seedling Grape, from the Sweet White Grape, from the
Burgundy and Black Hamburg Grape; and Claret Wine.
These wines came respectively from Missouri, Cincinnati,
California, New Jersey and Pennsylvania.

After a careful investigation, concluded without a knowl-
edge of the parties from whom the wines came, the Commit-
tee awarded the followhig premiums : —

248

STILL CATAWBA OF 1855.

First premhim to William Haas, Booneville, Missouri ;
second premium to Thomas H. Yeatman, Cincinnati.

STILL CATAWBA OLDER.

First premium to N. Longworth, Cincinnati ; second pre-
mium to William Haas, Booneville, Missouri.

The Committe also awarded a premium to Charles Kohler
& Co, of Los Angelos, California, for the specimen of " Port
Wine." This and the other California wines sent, are made
from an old Spanish grape, introduced into that country
more than a hundred years ago by Catholic missionaries.

SPARKLING CATAWBA.

First and second premiums to M. Werk, Cincinnati.
No premiums awarded to specimens of Isabella Wine.
The Committee consider the still Catawba, for which a first
premium is awarded to Mr. Longworth, the best wine sent.

Board of Judges. — William P. Eobeson, Belvldere, N. J.,
Chairman; A. G. Summer, Columbia, S. C. ; Eamsay Mc-
Henry, ]Md. ; Pierce Butler, Philadelphia ; Sidney G. Fisher,
Philadelphia, Secretary.

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.

For the best collection of agricultural implements manufac-
tured by the exhibitor, first premium of $100 — David Lan-
dreth & Sons, of Philadelphia; second do., $75 — Paschal,
Morris & Co., of do. ; third do., $50 — Nourse, Mason k Co.,
Boston.

[It is proper to remark that if skill in workmanship and
design only had been consulted, the last firm would liave been
entitled to a higher premium, as their work manifested a high
skill in their branch, especially in the plough department,

249

which was adapted to every character of ground likely to be
met with, but the Committee felt themselves bound by the
terms of the premium indicated.]

For the best and largest collection of agricultural imple-
ments, without reference to the manufacturers, first premivim,
$100 — Paschal, Morris & Co., Philad. ; second do., ^50— Da-
vid Landreth & Sons, of do. ; third do., $25 — Bradfield &
Gillingham of do.

Board of Judges. — S. V. Merrick, Philad. ; Wm. Staveley,
Bucks Co., Pa. ; Jos. M. Kaighn, Camden, N. J. ; James
Williams, Delaware Township, Pa. ; Luther H. Tucker, Al"
bany.

DISCRETIONARY PREMIUMS.

The Committee on Discretionary Premiums, beg leave res
pectfully to report that, upon proceeding to the performance
of their duties, they fouvid more than sixty articles entered
for their consideration, and only two hundred dollars placed
at their disposal for awards. That their list composed some
of the most important of all the implements of agriculture,
such as plouglis, cultivators, mowers and reapers, threshers,
harvesters, grain mills, hay presses, and a great number of
other machines, of more or less value.

In addition to these sixty articles, there have since been
exhibited to us over fifty others, which were intended^ by their
owners, to have been considered by the Committee, with
especial reference to a Discretionary Premium, thus en-
larging our field of observation to more than one hundred im-
plements.

Although convmced that it was impossible, with the limited
amount of means at their control, to award to such imple-
ments as they deemed meritorious, premiums at all consistent
with their worth or the dignity of a National Society, they
have, nevertheless, occupied the time of two entire days in
making their examinations, have patiently listened to the ex-
planations afforded by exhibitors, and where it was possible
have made comparative trials in similar machines.

250

These earnest endeavors to arrive at a correct decision upon
the merits of machines on exhibition, have resulted in the
conviction of the great importance attached by the public to
the awards of this society; of the undue advantage which
would be furnished to implements of little merit by hasty
and incorrect awards ; and of the actual worthlessness of all
awards not based upon comparative practical trials of rival
machines.

Of various classes of implements examined by us, somo
were manifestly inferior to others on exhibition, but not com-
ing within our province owing to imperfection in the arrange-
ments of the Society in this particular department ; others
were quite unworthy of a national commendation ; and as in
neither case could we give premium without injustice to
either the Society, the exhibitors, or ourselves, we have deter-
mined, under the peculiar circumstances of the case, that it
would not be proper to favor the few actual competitors to the
disadvantage of the remaining greater number, who from un-
intentional informality in their entries, were debarred from
competition.

Your Committee would respectfully suggest that the com-
parative merits of such machines and implements as farm
engines — both for steam and wind, reapers and mowers, power
press ploughs, threshers, corn-shellers, mills, &c., can only be
correctly ascertained by protracted and carefully conducted
trials in the field ; as a number of contingencies might arise
in practice which would utterly destroy any plausible theories
of action advanced by an inventor, and considered by a Com-
mittee at a Fair.

A preference should always be given (other things being
equal) to such articles as had, by long trials before the pub-
lic, earned an enviable reputation over more recent, but yet
untried ones. But the application and development of new
and important principles should also be generously encour-
aged ; and your Committee entertain the opinion that in the
absence of a thorough trial, no decision can be made without
danger of injustice to inventors of cither the other of these
two classes.

251

Tor these reasons your Committee have decided with entire
unanimity, and after mature deliberation, to present as the
result of their labors, a respectful and earnest recommenda-
tion for a Great National Trial in the Field, at such time
and place, and under such regulations, as in the opinion of
the Society would be most conducive to a correct decision upon
their various merits and advantages.

The United States of America have already outstripped the
world in the discovery and application of scientific principles
to mechanical purposes, and awards made under such circum-
stances, and by a Society representing so large a portion of
the intelligence of the Union, would possess a higher value than
those of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, or any
similar association in the world.

There is one suggestion connected with this subject which
your Committee desire to present to your consideration, be-
cause it involves a new feature in the arrangement of the So-
ciety.

It is, that a compensation be made to the Judges at the pro-
posed trial of implements, for their actual travelling expenses.
A thorough acquaintance, both scientific and practical, with
the subject of mechanics, is an indispensable qualification for
a judge in this department, and in the compensating economy
of the great architect of the Universe, a large proportion of
those endowed with these valuable qualities possess but a
small share of the wealth which is created by their labors.

Your Committee feel that a full elaboration of this impor-
tant subject would be practically impossible in the limited time
allowed for the performance of their duties, and might be re-
garded as exceeding the legitimate scope of their official ac-
tion.

They have, therefore, decided to confine themselves to this
brief indication of their views. All of which is respectfully
submitted for the consideration of the Society.

Board of Judges. — Tench Tilghman, Oxford, Md. ; G. E.
"Waring, Jr., American Institute, N. Y. ; C. M. Saxton, Orange,
N. J. ; Henry S. Olcott, Westchester Farm School, New-
York.

252

The Committee report the following articles as having,
amongst others, been examined by them:

1 Horse Power Thresher — Isaiah Knauer.

1 Mowing Machine — do.

1 Meat Cutter— do.

1 Portable Cider Mill and Press— W. 0. Hickok.

Cummings' Hay, Straw and Corn Stalk Cutter — By G. B. Grif-
fing.

M'Cormick's Reaper — R. K. Elkenton.

Reaper and Mower — A. J. Anderson.

Combined Mower and Reaper — C. B. "Wagner.

Grass and Grain Harvester — S. S. Allen.

Straw Cutter— W. C. Colladay.

Fanning Mill — H. H. Beach.

Grain Cleaner and Dryer — H. M. Black.

Atkins' Self-Raking Reaper and Mower and Model Rake — Pas-
chal, Morris & Co.

Clover Huller — Jonathan Hibbs.

Hay, Manure and Spreading Forks of superior manufacture— Sheble
& Lawson.

Harris's Improved Cider Mill — John Ilutton.

Fanning Mill — John Van Wagner.

Scott's Little Giant Corn and Cob Mill — Scott, Mockbee & Co.

Crescent Grain Mill — Scott, Mockbee & Co.

Globe Grain Mills — A. Atwood.

Reaper and Mower — "W. Johnson &; Co.

Grain Fan and Grain Drill, (Morris,) — H. A. Stoners.

Thresher and Cleaner — Emery & Bros.

Double Grinding Corn and Cob Mill — American Mill Co.

Granger's Magic Corn Mill — Cresson, Stewart & Peterson.

Reaper, Rakes and Mower — Jesse Urmey.

Corn Stalk Cutter — same.

Steam Farm Engine — A. M. Archambault.

Saw Mill Eugine — same.

Portable Steam Farm Engine — Harlan & Hollingsworth.

Horse Power Sheller and Cleaner — H. E. Smith.

Two Horse Thresher and Winnower — Melick & Quick.

Corn Mill — Joseph Jones

Clover Gatherer and Cleaner — M. S. Kahle.

Mowing Machine — A. Colburn.

253

Grain Drill — Kuhns & Harris.

Byram's Potato Digger — Pitkin & Bro.

Seely's Straw and Corn Stalk Cutter — D. Landreth.

Reading's Corn Sheller and Cleaner — Paschal, Morris & Co.

Goodman's Apple Paring and Slicing Machine — H. N. & C. D.
Goodman.

Z. Butts' Self-Loading and Unloading Cart — P. Morris &c Co.

Damon & Speakman's Corn Sheller — same.

Pratt & Smedley's Hay and Grain Horse Rake — same.

Kuler's Fan, Hay Seed Separator — same

Page's Horse Power and Thresher — same.

Dederich's Parallel Lever Hay, Straw and Cotton Press — same.

Newsham's Farm Boiler — same.

Blake & Feaster's Horse Power and Thresher — same.

Knox's Series of Eagle Ploughs, NouFse, Mason & Co., Boston.

Mapes' Subsoil Ploughs — same.

Knox's Patent Gang Cultivator — same.

A large and beautiful collection of other Ploughs by the same ex-
hibitors.

Ketchum's Improved Reaper and Mower — Paschal, Morris & Co.

Krauser's Portable Cider Mill — same.

Daniel's Hand and Horse Power Fodder and Hay Cutter — same.

Spain's Atmospheric Churn — same.

Gore's Patent Butter Worker — same.

Robert's U. S. Grain Fan — same.

ADDITIONAL DIPLOMAS.

A special Diploma, of the highest commendation, to Rich-
ard Peters, of Atlanta, Ga., for his splendid Cashmere Goats ;
to Breinig Gateman, Philadelphia, for Fire Proof Paint ; to
Abbott & Co., do., for Platform Scales and Beams ; to Robert
Kilvington, do., for a Bouquet.

254

HONORARY MEMBERS.

*Hon. Samuel Appleton, Boston, 3fass.

Mil lard Fillmoke, ex-Pres. U. S Buffcdo, N. Y.

Fkanklin Pierce, President U. S., Washington, D. C.

*Hon. Tho.mas H. Perkins, Boston, Mass.

Hon. Jonathan Phillips, Boston, Mass.

Hon. JosiAH QuiNCY, Boston, Mass.

Edmund Ruffin, Esq., Marlhourne, Va.

*RoBERT G. Shaw, Boston, Mass.

George Washington Parke Custis, Arlington House, Va.

LIFE MEMBERS.

Aycrigg, Thomas G Passaic, New Jersey.

Adams, Jonathan S Bordentown, "

Adams, Daniel Neioburyport, Mass.

Adams, William Boston, "

Araory, Tliomas Boston, "

Brooks, DeLorma Beloit, Wis.

Beekm'in, J. S KinderhooJc, JV. Y.

Baldwin, Harvey Syracuse, "

Baker, S. C Blair Co., Pa.

Bolman, A West Chester, Pa.

Buckley, J. L., jr Neiv York.

Butman, George F Boston, Mass.

Baker, Abijah R West Needham, Mass.

Balch, Wesley P. jr Boston, «

Ballon, JNIatnrin M Boston, "

Bayley, Dudley H Boston, "

*Becar, Noel J Neio Tori; N. T.

Berckmans, Emile C Plainfeld, N. J.

Berckmans, Louis E Plainfwld, "

Berckmans, Prosper J Plainfield, "

*Deceased.

255

Billings, Hammett Boston, Mass.

Billings, Joseph H West Roxhury, Mass.

Brewer, Francis Springfield '-

Brinckle, ^Y. D Philadelphia, Fa.

Brooks, John Princeton, Mass.

Blake, George B Boston, "

Blake, John R Boston, "

Browne, D. J Washington, D. C.

Brown, Lewis B New York.

Brown, Simon Concord, Mass.

Burgess, Edward P Dedham, "

Conklin, E. K Philadelphia, Pa.

Clement, Aaron Philadelphia, "

Coleman, Thomas M Pltiludelphia, "

Calvert, Charles B Washington, D. G.

Ciapp, Henry W Greenfield, Mass.

Cook, George Lewis Warren, R. I.

Cooke, Joseph J Providence, R. I.

Copeland, R. Morris Boston, Mass.

Copenhagen, Arnold W Dorchester, 3Iass.

Crockett, Selden Boston, "

Chamberlain, Daniel Boston, "

Corcoran, \Y. W Wasldngton, D. C.

Cornell, Isaac E Weston, N. J.

Cunningham, C. Loring Boston, Mass.

Curtis, Thomas B Boston, "

Cushman, Henry W Bernardston, Mass.

Davis, Isaac Worcester, "

Davis, James Boston, "

Denny, Reuben S Leicester, "

DeMott, M New York.

Dodge, Harvey Sutton, "

Dodge, J. II Boston, «

Ellison, Thomas Neiohurgh, N. Y.

Flint, Charles L Boston, Mass.

Fade, Edward G West. Farms, Woodside, N. Y.

Fletcher, Gardner Boston, Mass.

256

Forbes, R. B Boston, 3fass.

Francis, John Brown Providence, R. I.

French, B. B Washington, D. 0.

French, Benjamin V Braintree, Mass.

French, Jonathan Roxbury, "

Greeley, Horace New York.

Gage, Alva Charleston, S. O.

Garber, Jacob B Columhia, Pa.

Gage, Addison West Cambridge, Mass.

Garcelon, A Boslo?i, Mass.

Gould, James Lexington, "

Gibson, John Kinsessing, Phila. Co.y Pa.

Glover, Townsend, Washington, D. C.

Henning, B. S Oshhosh, Wis.

Harrison, Charles W Andalusia, Pa.

Harwood, Peter Barre, Mass.

Hodges, Samuel W Stoughton, Mass.

Hunt, Freeman Neiu York.

Hobbs, Ebenezer Waltham, 3Iass.

Hastings, G. D , Tolland, Conn.

Hale, Joseph Boston, Mass.

Harris, W. A Boston, "

Hanchett, W. T.. Natick, "

Hunnewell, H. H Boston, "

Hatch, A, P, Newhurn, Ala.

Haven^ Franklin Boston, Mass.

HoUis, John W Brighton, "

Holmes, J, N. Hastings Centre, N. Y.

Holmes, R. G Westhoro' Mass.

Ingersoll, Harry Philadelphia, Pa.

Jones, John Middletoxon, Del.

Jaques, Samuel Somerville, Mass.

Jay, John New York.

Kimmell, A Singavmre, Md.

Kapp, Henry S Reading, Pa.

King, William Philadelphia, Pa.

257

King, William S Roxhury, Mass.

Keith, C. T Providence, R. 1.

King, John A Jamaica, N. T.

Leavitt, David Great Barrington, Mass.

Leavitt, David jr., Great Barrington, "

Leavitt, Sheldon Great Barrington, "

Lee, David Barre, Mass.

Lavvrence, Samuel Boston, 3fass.

Lawrence, "William B Newport, It. I.

Lee, Artemas Templeton, Mass.

Lewis, A. S Framingham, "

Lewis, W. G Framingham, "

Lincoln, Levi Worcester, "

Livingston, Anson New York.

Lyon, Henry Charlestown, "

Miles, James Gi-rard, Fa.

Martin, George Philadelphia, Pa.

McHenry, J. Howard Pikesville, Md.

McGowan, George I Philadelplna, Pa.

McGowan, John Philadelphia, "

Manice. Deforest Brushville, N. Y.

McCormick, C. H Chicago, III.

Mitchell, James L Albany, N Y.

Morris, Lewis G Mt. Fordham, N. Y.

Mosely, David Wesffeld, 3Iass.

Motley, jr., Thomas West Roxbury, "

Mussey, Benjamin B Boston, "

Mclilvain, Hugh Philadelpihia, Penn,

Newhall, Josiah Lynnfield, Mass.

Newhall, Moses Springfield, Boston.

Newell, Moses West Newhury, "

Nightingale, P. M Albany, Ga.

Olmstead, Henry East Hartford, Conn.

Phillips, Ivers Fitchburg, Mass.

Putnam, C. Agricultural Society Garrisons, N. Y.

Parry, William Ci7inaminson, N .1.

16

258

Pierce, Jacob "W Neiohuryport, Mass.

Partridge, H. jr Northampton, "

Paige, James W Boston, "

Pierce, Samuel B Boston, "

Potter, Joseph S Boston, "

Parker, H. D Boston, "

Poore, Ben. Perley West Newhury, "

Proctor, Abel Danvers, "

Peters, Richard Atalanta, Ga.

Riclgoly, Charles Hampton, Md.

Rogers, Richard S Salem, Mass,

Reynolds, John J Wichford, R. I.

Robinson, E. W Dorchester, Mass.

Ruggles, Noarse, Mason & Co Boston, "

Rusk, Thomas J Nacogdoches, Texas,

Russell, George R West Roxhury, Mass.

Rice, Lewis Boston, "

Simes, Joseph Boston, "

Sanford, O. S CordaviUe, "

Salisbury, Stephen Worcester, "

Sanderson, David Somerville, N. J.

Smith, George C Boston, Mass.

Stevens, Paran Boston, "

Spooner, William H Boston, "

Silsby, J. H Boston, "

*Sprague, Seth Duxhury, "

Stockwell, S. N Boston, "

Tracey, Charles Nonoich, Ct.

Thompson, James W Wtlmin(/ton, Bel.

Tappan, John Boston, Mass.

Thayer, John E Boston, "

Thompson, James Nantucket, "

Twitchell, Genery Boston, "

Underbill, R. T Croton PH., Vineyards, N. Y.

Vinson, Cornelius M Jamaica Plains, Mass,

259

Weston, J. D Dalton, Mass.

Woodward, Josesh A Philadelphia, Pa.

Wliytal, Thomas G West Roxhury, Mass.

Winthrop, Robert C Boston, "

Wainwright, Peter Boston, "

Walley, Samuel H Roxbury, "

Waters, Richard P Salem, "

Watts, Arthur Ghillicothe, Ohio.

Webster, Joshua Maiden, Mass.

Weld, Aaron D Roxbury, "

Wellington, Andrew E. Lexington, "

Wlieelock, J. R Mendon, «

Wliittemore, Charles O Boston, "

Whitin, Paul Whitinsville, "

Wight, Eben Dedham, "

Williams, Aaron D Roxbury, "

Wilder, Marshall P Boston, "

Worthington, James T Ghillicothe, Ohio.

Wyckoff, N Williamsburgh, N. Y.

ANNUAL MEMBERS.

Allen, Josiah J.
Anderson, A. J.
Anison, J. C.
Archambault, A. S.
Allen, J. R.
Allen, S. S.
Astley, James
Atwood, Aaron
Atkinson, Charles
Allison, M.

Andrews,

Alkinson,

Allston, R.
Austin, Samuel H.
Austin, William
Aston, Thomas
Adler, G. S.

Philadelphia.
Norristown, Pa.
Philadelphia.

Richmond, Va.
Bristol, Pa.
Torresdale, Pa.
Troy, N. Y.
Columbus, N. Y.
Philadelphia.

Georgetown, S. C.
Philadelphia.

Elyria, Lorian Co., Ohio.
Philadelphia.

260

Burgwyn, H. K.
Byington, A. H.
Blodgett, Loriii
Brinton,Thos. H,
Breckwell, E. W.
Bucker, Joseph
Benner, Andrew
Beech, H. H.
Butt, Z.

Brennan, Thomas
Black, H. N.
Buttersfield, Jesse
Birch, E.
Branin, J. P.
Barney, James
Bowel's, George
Burnett, E. J.
Baldwin, Wilson
Blackwell, T. J.
Bell, J. G.
Baugh, J. B.
Baxter, Isaac
Bowers, A. K.
Buist, Robert
Barnard, Isaac D.
Bendu, Edwin
Bealer, I. M.
Brook, William
Betson, D. W.
Bordine, Jno.
Brown, William
Buckwalter, James
Biggart, James
Betts, Thomas
Boyer, J.
Bowen, W.
Brinton, Caleb
Blakeslee, J. N.
Bowie, W. D.
Biddiman^ A.
Ball, W. AY.
Brockhank, W.
Bishop, Washington
Bell, James
Brent, Francis E.
Buckalew, Isaac L.
Buckalew, John D.
Buckalew, F. L.
Blackburn, William

Halifax, N. C.
Norwalk, Conn.
Washington.
Chester Co., Pa.
Philadelphia.

Chicago, 111.
Lincoln, N. C.
Philadelphia.

Syracuse, N. Y.
Philadelphia.
Richmond, Va.
Delaware Co. Pa.
North Carolina.
New York.
Chester Co., Pa.
Philadelphia.
Lancaster, Pa.
Philadelphia.

Montgomery Co., Pa.

Lancastei', Pa.
Philadelphia.

Chester Co., Pa.
Washington Co., N. Y.
New York.
Elizabethtown, Pa.
Richmond, N. H.
Westchester, Pa.
Watertown, Conn.
Prince George, Md.
Wilmington, Del.
Andalusia, Bucks Co., Pa.
Hudson, N. Y.
Delaware Co., Pa.
Camden Co., N. Y.
Boonville, Mo.
Jamesburgh, N. J.

Philadelphia.

261

Brown, Joseph
Blanchard, W. A.
Beattie, E. D.
Bowman, Henry

Chaffee, C. C.
Comins, L. B.
Condict, Henry F.
Chapman, Bird B.

Custis, G. ^y. P.

Colburn, M.
Cooper, David
CaflPerty, John J.
Collins, A. M.
Colliday, AVilliam
Closkey, M. M.
Colliday, F. S.
Collins, J. H.
Crosby, H.
Cope, Josenh
Clark, W. W.
Clain, D. G. M.
Cooper, Henry
Clapp, B. A.
Colman, A.
Castor, Thomas
Chew, Thomas A.
Cresson, William P.
Clous, William J.
Concklin, Jacob
Cox, PI

Campbin, William S.
Cochran, James H.
Callin, J.

Chambers, Samuel E.
Cheney, Thomas AV.
Cox, Justin
Cline, William
Costin, Theodore F.
Crossman, E. H.
Campbell, George
Curwen, George
Carreck, David
Colt, Roswell L.
Colflesh, C.
Cook, W^illiam
Cartwiight, Richard
Clement, Aaron
Colman, Thomas

Philadelphia.

Troy, N. Y.
Byberry, Pa.

Springfield, Mass.
Roxbury, "
Montgomery Co., Md.
Omaha City, Nebraska Ter.
Arlington, Va.
Philadelphia.

Pennsylvania.
Nowton, Pa.
Chester Co., Pa,
Philadelphia.

Camden Co., Pa.
Philadelphia-
Bucks Co., Pa.
Cumberland, Pa.
Philadelphia.

Smyrna, Del.
Woodbury, N. J.
Chester Co., Pa.
Philadelphia.

West Chester, Pa.
Westminster, Vt.
Montgomery Co., Pa.
Philadelphia.
Patterson, N. J.
Delaware Co., Pa.
Morristown, Pa.
Philadelphia.

262

Calkett, C.

Philadelphia.

Champion, Goldey

New Jersey.

Cowan, J. T.

Philadelphia.

Colman, A.

((

Chamberlin, William

Redhook, N. Y.

Ci-aige, Seth

Philadelphia.

Dennis, G. R.

Frederick City, Md.

Dick, Robert

Darnestown, Md.

Donaghy, James

Philadelphia.

Donaghy, William

((

Denton, John

11

Davis, J. W.

a

Dickson, Alexander,

ti

Davis, Morris

u

Duffy, Will.

u

Duffy, T.

u

Duffy, F.

u

Dulany, H. G.

Virginia.

Douglass, John

Philadelphia.

Drinker, J. H.

Montgomery Co., Pa.

Dupps, William

Chester Co., Pa.

Duncan, William

Philadelphia.

Dermott, William

Kingsessing, Phila.

Drayton, Dr. H. E.

Philadelphia.

Dobbin, William B.

Baltimore Co., Md.

Dickey,

Philadelphia.

Davis, J. F.

Schuylkill Co., Pa.

Eldersen, Thomas

Newburgh, N. Y.

Edwards, D.

Little Genessee, N. Y.

Errickson, M.

Philadelphia.

El well, Evan

a

Ely, David

Norristown, Pa.

Egbert, H.

Lower Marion, Pa.

Evans, I. H.

Chester Co., Pa.

Edwards, M. W.

Lower Marion, Pa.

Ellis, John

Chester Co., Pa.

Eyre, I. K.

Montgomery Co., Pa.

Fessenden, W. P.

Portland, Me.

France, Abram

Philadelphia.

Fletcher, T.

((

Fletcher, T. S.

a

Fitz Gerald, W. L.

u

Felton, Albinus L.

u

Fraley, Leonard

«

Fisher, E.

a

Fassitt, J. W.

u

263

Forthenbaker, George
Felton, A. L.

Glover, Townsend
Grambo, II.
Gay, G. L.
Green, P. W.
Gillet, Amos
Gallagher, J. C.
Gibson, Ira
Guhle, J. E.
Griffin, G. W.
Grenenger, L.
Gray, G. W.
George, P.
Griskey, C. M.
Garrett, J. L.
Garwood & Elwell,
Gillespie, James
Glenn, John
Grenwell, Richard
Guillow, C.
Garrigus, D. D.
Gillingham, George
Groves, G. R.
Grier, George S.
Gyger, G. C.
Gray, G. W.
Grieves, Sarah
Gearheart, I. S.

Holloway, D. P.
Hubbard, Richard
Horsey, Otterbridge
Harper, James
Harris, Edward
Hunter, Capt.
Holmes, G. W.
Hart, Duke
Hewlings, Abraham
Hyde, George W.
Howell, Richard G.
Hibbs, J.
Hutton, John
Hinckley, Miss Anne
Harris, N. J.
Hoopes, L. P.
Hanna, G. W.
Hendx'ickson, John S.

Chester Co., Pa.
Philadelphia.

"Wilmington Co., Del.
Bucks Co., Pa.
Philadelphia.

Syracuse, N. Y.
Philadelphia.
MuUica Hill, N. J.
Marietta, Pa.
Chester Co., Pa.
Philadelphia.

Chester Co., Pa.
Salem, N. J.
"West Philadelphia.
Baltimore.
Philadelphia.

Chester Co., Pa.
Philadelphia.

a

Milford, Del.
Philadelphia.

Danville, Pa.

Richmond, Iowa.
Charlestown, N. H.
Burkittsville, Md.
Philadelphia.
Morristown, N. J.
Philadelphia.
Holmesburg, Pa.
Baltimore, Md.
Philadelphia.

Pennsylvania.
Newton, Pa.
Delaware City, Del.
Chester Co., Pa.
Philadelphia.

264

Hoffman, P. C.
Haj'den, N.
Harbeson, W. C.
Hammell, G. S.
Havry, Natlian H.
Howe, J. P.
Holcomb, F. O.
Hardy, Thomas A.
Hoopes, Caleb
Holden, A.
Plall, George
Hutchinson, John
Hickman, Benjamin
Hohnan, Samuel
Henderson, George W.
Harrison, Charles W.
Humphries, Thomas
Hall, A. P.
Hatch, J. J.
Humphries, Hugh

Irvin, Thomas
Irick, John S.

Jameson, A.
Jones, W. H.
Jeffries, James D.
Jones, Todd
Jones, N. W.
Jones, Joseph
Johnson, William
Johnson, William
Jones, Edward D.
Jeffries, O. T.
Johnson, Charles
Jessup, John B.

Knauer, Isaiah
Klahn, P.
Kollner, A.
Kennedy, R.
Kates, John L.
Kneler, Simon
Kriebee, George A.
Kahle, M. S.
Knox, William

I^elley,

Kupp, Henry S.
Kerby, Solomon

Philadelphia.
New York.
New Castle, Del.
Philadelphia.
Chester Co., Pa.
Seneca Co., N. Y.
New Castle, Del.
Norfolk, Va.
Delaware Co , Pa.
Fraidvfort, Pa.
Philadelphia.
Troy, N. Y.
Chester Co., Pa.
Chester Springs, Pa.
Montgomery Co., Pa.
Andalusia, Bucks Co., Pa.
Montgomeiy Co., Pa.
Hestonville, Pa.
Camden, N. J.
Baltimore.

Philadelphia.
Vincentown, N. J.

Del. Co., Pa.
Montgomery Co., Pa.
Philadelphia.
Chester Co., Pa.
Woolchenter, Pa.
New Jersey.
Newark, Del.
Montgomery Co., Pa.
Burlington, N. J.
Westchester, Pa.
Delaware Co., Pa.
Woodbury, N. J.

Valley Forge, Pa.
Philadelphia.

Penn.

Lexington, Ya.
Philadelphia.

Reading, Pa.
Westchester, Pa.

265

Kimball, Daniel
Kern, William H.
Kellogg. M. A.
Kennedy, Robert

Lane, E.

Litzenberg, Perry
Larmer, J. M.
Longstreth, S.
Lafferty, M.
Lienan, G. A.
Lane, D. N.
Lyons, Harrison
Lanning, E. W.
Lindsey, Isaac
Lawshee, Aaron
Longworth, N.
Little, R.
Lloyd, Charles

Morrison, William M.
Morrison, James R. D.
Maloney, Stewart
Merrillcer, Colburn
Muirhead, H. P.
Mesorley, John
Mitchell, John
Mount, J. B.
Mingle, P. B.
Markward, J. W.
Mickle, J. W.
Myers, Henry
Miller, S. P.
Montgomery, J.
McGuire, Hugh
Marshall, E. S.
Michiner, E.
Moore, J. F.
Muri-ay, A.
Melcher, Charles
Maloney, Jo.
Maillaid, A.
Martin, G.
Mish, H. A.
Miller, C.
Maloney, Joshua
Mogan, S. R.
McCuen, A.

Rutland, Vt.
Philadelphia.

Philadelphia.

u

Florida.
Philadelphia.

Delaware Co., Pa.
Trenton, N. J.
Westchester, Pa.
Trenton, N. J.
Cincinnati.
Philadelphia.

Washington.
Philadelphia.

New York.
Philadelphia.

Camden, N. J.
Philadelphia.

Baltimore.
Philadelphia.
Canard, Pa.
Delaware Co., Pa.

New York.
Philadelphia.

Montgomery Co., Pa.
Bordentown, N. J.
Philadelphia,
Harrisburgh.
Lancaster, Pa.
Montgomery Co., Pa.
Philadelphia.

266

Newman, J. B.
Ninesteel, Jacob
Noblette, Wm. B.
Nelson, James A.
Nugent, G. A.
Naglee, J.
Nyce, I. R.
North, Lemuel
Noble, S. W.

O'Neill, Thomas

Pierce, Joshua
Patterson, William
Pratt, Randall
Paweling, James H.
Pepper, Lawrence
Patton, James
Picken, R.
Page, Davis, Jr.
Price, T. L.
Paramore, E.
Peters, Francis
Packer, D. J.
Patterson, C. F.
Price, James, Jr.
Ploughman, T. M.
Petit, David
Prince, L. F.
Pennock, A. L., Jr.
Pim, Richard
Purvis, Robert
Perrin, James A.
Perkins, John
Parsons, H. K.
Payson, A.
Proud, A. C.
Paschal, Edward
Pennsylvania Hospital
Parrish, George D.

Quick, Malicke
Quinton, David S.

Rockwell, J. A.
Rose, Peter
Roberts, Rich.
Rocksfellow, Saml.
Ridgely, T. B.

Philadelphia.

Mercer Co., Pa.

Philadelphia.

((

Chester Co., Pa.

Champlain, Clinton Co., N. Y.

Montgomery Co., Pa.

Philadelphia.

Washington, D. C.
Philadelphia.
Delaware Co.
Lower Marion.
Philadelphia.
Harrisburg, Pa.
Philadelphia.

Woodbury, N. J.
Philadelphia.
Wilmington, Del.
Philadeljjhia,
Salem, N. J.
Philadelphia.
Delaware Co., Pa.
Chester Co., Pa.
Byberry, Pa.
Manalapan, N. J.
New Jersey.
Ransellear Co., N. Y.
Philadelphia.

a

Delaware Co., Pa.
Philadelphia.

New Jersey.
Trenton, N. J.

Norwich, Conn.
Philadelphia.
Abington, Pa.
Philadelphia.
U. S. N.

267

Rotliermell, S. H.
Redfield, John, C.
Ritchie, B. L.
Eeitty, C.
Riclgely, Chas.
Russell, A. F.
Rice, J. S.
Rogers, Emmett
Ridgway, R. C.
Radford, S. C.
Remington, J. P.
Rohrer, Jacob, B.

Shoemaker, Isaac
Strond, G. D.
Stoddart, C.
Stoddart, J. M.
Snyder, J. J.
Sinei', D. S.
Smith, Ambrose
Schenck, J. C.
Smith, H. J.
Stewart, W.
Steele, Jas.
Shriner, Edwd.
Sharpless, A.
Smith, J. I.
Speakman, Amos
Sargent, William
Simmons, P. I.
Strong, W. H.
Shaw, George C.
Stetson, D. B.
Swift, Jos.
Small, Abel
Shelby & Lawson,
StiUe, H. H.
Sterrett, W. J.
Stewart, W. D.
Stingei", J.
Slook, J.
Shableross, L.
Stoner, Henry K.
Steele, "Wm.
Shattuck, A. L.
Stapleton, John
Stevens, J. W.

Philadelphia.
Camden county.
Ohio.

Philadelphia.
Hampden, Ind.
Danville, Pa.
New-York.
Philadelphia.

Lancaster, Pa.

Cincinnati.
Philadelphia.

Syracuse.
New- York.
Richmond, Va.
Philadelphia.

Chester county, Pa.
Philadelphia.
Maryland.
Freehold, N. J.
Gratitude, N. J.
Philadelphia.

a

Bucks county, Pa.
Philadelphia.

Syracuse, N. Y.
Philadelphia.

Lancaster, Pa.
Philadelphia.

Chester county. Pa.
Downingtown, Pa.

268

Tyson, J. R.
Town, W. E.
Taylor, Robt.
Thompson, S.
Tompson, R. G.
Thomas, F. C.
Taggart, C. F.
Teed, L. P.
Turner, John
Thompson, G. W.
Thorn, Saml.
Tete, Charles
Twaddle, L. H., Dr.

Updike, Wm.

Vodges, Thos.
Lane, James M.
Virgin, Chas.
Virgin, Otto
Lane, James T.
Lane, S.

Wood, J. M.
Woodward, Thos. L.
White, Geo. W.
Warren, E. C.
Wattson, J. P.
Watkin, W.
Wilson, W. C.
White, Thos.
Wolf, Chas.
Walker, James
White, C. F.
White, W. C.
Wilson, Hart
Woodward, T. B.
Walker, W. P.
Winsey, Jas. A.
Waldon, Richard
Wainwright, C. J.
Worrill, Sarah P.
Williamson, Saml. G.
Wood, Thos.
Wagner, C. P.
Weaver, Capt.
Weld, C. A.
Worth, John
Wagner, John

Philadelphia.

Napa City, California.
Philadelphia.

Pennsylvania.

Philadelphia.

((

New-York.

Pliiladelphia.

Philadelphia.

Philadelphia.

Philadelphia.

New-Jersey.
Philadelphia.

Portland, Me.
Chester county, Pa.
Frankfort, Pa.
Philadelphia.

Pennsylvania.
Baltimore, Md.
Philadelphia.
Mt. Airy, Pa.
Montgomery county, Pa.
Philadelphia.

Delaware county. Pa.
Philadelphia.
Rhinebeck, N. Y.
Delaware county. Pa.
Montgomery county. Pa.
Penningtonville, Pa.

Philadelphia.

u

Delaware county. Pa.
Chester county, Pa.
Burlington, N.J.

269

Woodward, Thos. B. Philadelphia.

Warder, J. T. Springfield, Ohio.

Young, John Philadelphia.
Young, Richai'd "

Yarnall, Peter Chester county, Pa.

Yeatman, Thos. H. Cincinnati.

Zane, James N. Philadelphia.

Zane, J. F. New-Jersey.

Zelley, S. Philadelphia.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PAGE.

Officers for the year 1856, 3

Treasurer's Account, 4

Delegates to Fourth Annual Meeting, 7

President's Address, 9

Treasurer's Report, 18

Invitation to hold Exhibition at Philadelphia, 20

American Inventions Abroad, 37

The Relation of Meteorology to Agriculture, 38

Entomology as Applied to Agriculture, 54

Election of Officers, Q5

Vote of Thanks to the President, 68

Guano, 73

Fourth National Exhibition at Phila., Oct. 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th and 11th,. . .83

Local Committees of Arrangements, 84

Schedule of Premiums.

Class 1, Cattle, 93

Class 2, Horses, 97

Class 3, Sheep, 100

Class 4, Swine, 103

Class 5, Poultry 104

Class 6, Agricultural Products, 106

Class 7, Fruits, 110

Class 8, Native Wines, 112

Class 9, Agricultural Implements, 113

Programme of Exhibition, 113

Opening of the Exhibition, 116

List of Delegates and Guests, 164

11. TABLE OP CONTENTS

List of Entries.

Cattle Department, 1 66

Horse Department, 176

Sheep Department, 189

Swine Department, ] 92

Poultry Department, 193

Implement Department, 196

Horticultural Department, 198

Reports of Committees on Cattle, 200

Reports of Committees on Horses, 210

Reports of Committees on Sheep, 222

Report of Committee on Cashmere Goats, 226

Report of Committee on Swine, 232

Report of Committee on Poultry, 234

Reports of Committees on Field Crops, 236

The Chinese Sugar Cane, 237

Reports of Committees on Fruits, 241

Report of Committee on Native Wines, 247

Report of Committee on Agricultural Implements, 248

Discretionary Premiums, 249

Honorary INIembers, 254

Life Members, 254

Annual Members,. 259

^