Soe a . ay JwarVARD UNIVERSITY. a <}9 , ‘ MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY c KENTUCKY-GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, J. R. PROCTER, Drrecror. me ee Kentucky Fossil Corals A MONOGRAPH OF THE FOSSIL CORALS OF THE Silurian and Devonian Rocks ot Kentucky BY WILLIAM J. DAVIS [In Two Parts Part II] FRANKFORT, KENTUCKY ELECTROTYPED AND PRINTED BY Joun D. Woops, PUBLIC PRINTER 1885 // YR ORES YEOIO OF CMG Ent: CEN FOCUREI KS COPYRIGHT, 1887, BY KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY [RIGHT OF TRANSLATION RESERVED BY THE AUTHOR] LETTER FROM THE AUTHOR. Mr. John R. Procter, Director Kentucky Geological Survey. Dear Str: As you know, several years have passed since I began the work of describing and illustrating the fossil corals of Kentucky. The delays incident to preparing such a work for the press, occupied as I am most of the time with engrossing public duties, have suggested that now, since the plates and the explanations of the plates have been completed, it is best to publish these as Part II., simply prefacing them with an alpha- betical index. The text of Part I. will be finished in a few months. Parr I. consists of 1. An Introduction, which treats of the growth and habits of coral- making animals, their place in nature, etc.; 2. A Descriptive Text, which classifies the fossil corals found in the Silurian and Devonian Rocks of Kentucky, showing the relations of families, genera, and species, and describing them; 3. A chapter of Popular Notes, which, following the technical descriptions, presents the salient traits of structure or function characterizing the skeletons of species of the same genus, on the modifica- tions of which the differentiation is based, and collates comprehensively the resemblances and differences of related genera and the more widely divergent family peculiarities; 4. A Glossary, in which are given the meanings and, in most cases, the etymologies of the technical terms used in the text; 5. An Index, systematically arranged. The literature of this subject is diffused through many volumes of State and Government reports and society periodical or casual publications. Many zealous students of palzeontology, confused by synonymy or per- plexed by descriptions and figures of badly-preserved fossils, have aban- doned research among these interesting and beautiful forms for the easier study of mollusks, crinoids, worms, or crustaceans. May I express the hope that the present work will prove a useful manual to the student ? As will be seen, the number of plates is one hundred and thirty-nine, the number of specimens figured about one thousand. The number of species described is more than three hundred; of these about ene hundred and seventy are new and heretofore undescribed. The beautiful condition in which these fossils occur in Kentucky and the care with which they have been freed from their matrix have permitted a satisfactory photo- graphic delineation by the ‘‘artotype” process. Mr. E. Klauber, of Louisville, has done this part of the work under my supervision in the most artistic style. My thanks are due to this gentleman for the assist- ance he rendered me in “ setting up” the fossils before the camera, and for his amiable co-operation during the several years we have been engaged together in plate-making. Permit me also to thank you, sir, the Director of the Survey, and the other officers of the State of Kentucky, whose generous consideration has given me the opportunity to publish this contribution to the geology of the country in so handsome a volume. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, WILLIAM J. DAVIS. LovIsviL1E, 1885, POA. ZOANTHARIA TABULATA. HELIOLITIDA. CoLUMNOPORA PLATES. (E1eT VELL COT ECCS ee ER IIR ROR Ec i 0.0 nic Cie ca eran Sea ncn 5, 6 Pee els VLBA ne eotie eS aici capa! sna Gide Carre exe talel Men AOMOMOPOR MewencNe oyrenebellercire te ewe Oe 5, 6 HELIOLITES MIGESTS LINN C HUG wot ccc evs, etre 8 ae Eee retc ee oe ioe 1 NE PAS LOTMA ce arco ay halts afer cs or SCR CREE MORRO EGA eo Meecha 5 1 | ON ASTRON (01S peta ee MIS Bn 8 Bir 6 0 Oo AA cn ee racer i SU] LGU OLUU Is ee eee NE REE lemeertG lr gn ricco albioo Bete OOM ERC 1 LYELLIA EHTOVST ICRI ee Ree pee RE AS Ash oh Rie omen Bd BET EB R oee 3 Be HSCOLMEA rian Mors ssc SS eee 5 Dh a soe ae 4 AGN Oe eae eee io oe EAS '5.0.fn8. 6.0.5 016 a1. oO HERERO rede 2 | OF) CHUL aaa nee ee I eS Sey dos ed or SU Caner nrg) rae 2, 3, 4 Bp ed eta te or ah State vscteaat oleiterara ace’ (stake MOM de coh MOMMA po pchersns Gis elel « 2, 51 PLASMOPORA QUEENS e's be oy nid OADM AOE OL o doco De OOD DD ODOM AA 500506 1 TOUNG Saks eae Ce ee nee O Ws.5-A/0 ONS 18 eis OI ICE 1 ih INDEX TO PLATES. FAVOSITID A. ALVEOLITES PLaTEs. A GOUENBINS soacoacce SO OWS OIG CREE 8 o FEO OUI OO Or. ON 43 GROMGUTISSTESS 3 5 d's Bhcore, 9 OS NCI a Rn RCE ROM as Sng osc" wea ets age LH OTROS -d-6-g 6.055 och Ghee a Cee eee oe er MIC: Bes a /cioiciaidn aw ololo wc 46 AOUUEAIIGINSIS? ge eee, PRR MRT Melee Sieg GS.b nl otdig 5 alec 46 INTIMA DES 5 Sag ts ee en ee ee ee EPEC Ree Ss oak gd 43, 447 PABINONRG IESG 6S dio-o, 01 OE ae PO RR oer dis cn Se AG 50-616 6 500 45 PNAS HIGEN SIS Spore Bhs eae es ae a 2 eee eee 46 SGEINGIT CAG eens at eR Neri Feo Soo uidn.o 0 ocd's At SC(UAMOSTIS nee tel syeo1- = >< ee anon edos0 66 43 ANTHOLITES v speciosus...... sialaig Ge ia arale aire a eon metepetetelane ohelenetelels eit ee er or mamma. CLADOPORA | OCUUICENE a 5 a6 COMO OOS FO C0G 0 C00 bdo Ondo Ns 000 6 ody SE AGL ONCIBhs ob ae nos ea cia cis 41g) ats tee ee eee Be. Seen 3c 52, 58 Pera CLC OMMISisee aioe ats wise es PE a SOR, fog aoc Peters oo. c of) 39h GIPEMENSIS i cis,S6 ses os + ke ahe ewe) SI ne ee 52, 59 ISI UCI) 60 cic c te ee a PES Seas. c Sas 6 edo aks Abe. 5) PADUA CA eis aac so olade o.0 oe one. so 4's 4 UR OR eee 52, 5 illimersin rae War 5 shes here «ola dc He ay akon RRS aa eee aca eae 52 COMM PLAM AAT elke cies ote fee elects eS ae Oe eee 49 RCTS SEU eye he siete yeaa dards 5 iais 2 9 Oe aN ee anne sjelgledoseeeaneke 62 GEV PLOWENIS I. ohahe cio wee oe pia eteicueie sel CER ea eee ee eee 52 ECE Mibeiicime ea, Oceje cating d+ oS 0 8) WS en ee eee 51, 63 POCSHUAMALA 6.0. i.as cs pale «DO AOR eee Hoeeene 52, 76 PAOISPANSA Bitck s's = « RE i ok 3h “ho gRyUE sates “nes oS 2.2 GIG2 PACCMISCLAUIS! so... see wl aes oes ites Paes Poet sees mer Ako) ORPEIUBUL S Soe aoe Sore solos area Kole a obit aa le ee ‘DE OOO chanaKeceoohceocusoeooos | (Bi ” THPAITRORS (C1 doar dat eee aca p hocercaein cs od sens ROUee INDEX TO PLATES. on CLADOPORA—Continued. Prarrs. -GRAGIIS Coco ngoosadoococosgsansceueecongs Bo SOCIO 64 PUI INES ARR B Aaa. fins he Sec cae cs oe dn ae Cano Aenean Sree a7 Eta DT AKGE eR eae Aas Gd 6 cid Got 6.8 0S OTe SUE ae ae eee So 8} NOVECTISIS!< nr artteree ic a eR RSs ral a ous coc ies a 64. labiosa . og oo SS ODOR SS OSES SES STCSC OH U CODD SUES EDO OHEBOOE 4, 59 Ns. GjWeaitials Fave) -)eercunrapc t-te eee IR ics is olvew oe eins 48 THETIS ee cee ON 2s RT | RTI abs oe ek 48 peSKOT RUDGE Pe eProp Ny 5 6c. Sha 6 Se CR eR 48 PIN QUIS) Soe eels tae Oe aE meine ape csre es 2 2, 04 GO PLO DOSGIC AMS oer te: snl sics-s ee en een eerpasreys cis Sela, Gar ayaa 48, 97 [OU (C00 ee ee IIR ARS O's 5. dia 8 0.656 Ole DOR Ree 59 SATEEN GDI rece reas REP a RIPE n Pacn a te Ee ee ee een tien 58 RELA VEU A) Be Red RRR RETR PRES eS a Ky 5.G'G.S a0 ere G Ai alee EEE 47 RTE) A RS oe ee PU eS, FE URES coc la G'S sola CSO Ree 63 ELT OS aye eee aes oS Se a Eee es em ace aie hat 59 MODUS TAs eee sh aie ea RE eae nea ae 58 SHOOTIN OTL a's coses aoe oF ets ieee Eee ero ccs s 54, 55, 56 “ASU ELE ag ee ee REE RE REE PDE chs Sea TL och GaSdan tiem ee oN 48 bE Ain see Sisk Be EN Sh See eee ead Stee railed ew i, MONT CG@NITES GUASSATE AE Pon ose. EE SEA 085 Bin AS Dol BRD ROO OS 4 eam aGaltees ste to oe-x aos SE ere Ee ee eR ee sO nbetacetala 4 WEILNOUIG ER AG sae een ES 5 5 Ge eee iia rotates ae Sehee 4 40 DENDROPORA alternans: ......- eee cinia Sette eR oie nicaraciee: 4 SOD elegamimilay sas. 2.82.05, S's, 6 Se PRR hone 5 Sees 2 nek 65 (VE Cele Oa ON eon he IBIS LA a in. oho AS 0:5 dil eepeabia AS 65 (Od Ic) ene eee et en io Sas oS Uae. SReaeee 63, 65 POSE Ey ioe ee eS, Meet eat) 3 SA. ond Oceana a oes 65, 66 PEoboscidalisy 2c. 1. 6 favs a van Vee ee seam nits eta tes = Saye 63 iv INDEX TO PLATES. FAVOSITES PLATEs. ENdaHD) MISSMLOOIUISY 24 65 4.05 oo os p OD OO PRS RE ee cs locke 17 AU DOTS cae eS as GS aie oa So hes WE Qe Ee ee eS ai Cillits eee See 2 os oes acs aaa i ones Ae eee 21 GRINCWIGMISIE, 3:5'5. bs ¢ oo cine Ae menor eieants A cra Ses 0.6 29 GDIOMOSUIS 5. Saa's og 51d dices OEE | ae a ee LE Sr A Tbs cacy 31, 32 (CANROTINORIUS -5 a)5'6.0,0 6S CE eR Reece Sob oooas : 33 GEIST a 6 sod oem Me Ihe a 60 Slats ies ene tg ae eee 49, 73 OGIO, 4, 6.0.6 6.6 Ree eee OTR NE BA n'a 5 a -0:0 24 FE COMMCNISH EI ec ko Ss Lhe 4 yond ae eee 27 CRISIS 5 ace ae cee nara eMart ORI oy on ola 9 CRISS mVATIEtAS INAJOL: 0.24 a\cJocid aya a Ree eee ee 24 AG RINOSIS 2G) o8 See en aCe oe wi baiattee Sara ecaga See eee 23 GQIIGTBNTUS «2a oA eee means a PME REINS iar otic mide oa 2 2) POUNSOUS: SSUe8 oreo Re reece sc /B! av a ee eral oe ees en ne 9 EMNMONSIc a aac «eS 255 Aenea sce aged ee en hee ee oes Ol epidermatus ..... Bei yer = Staudle oes Uae eS oo PRS ace eee 2 a alk; > CHUM AOS ee a ae ES ee, ssecdy) atc t le aes ner .26, 27 OSS) paren a ee ECAR Mecin.g Sic Gq GO oclS. odds 0 6 8 KOH OSL fh he a ae PNG ns Sialaccats coo u's ¢9.8 66 Sse 8 PUREAUUCKE 4. 6 Sco eres OEE OES oo ee shana so Sad 3 Ac eaeteN SPR Ue ar 24. -STRUISUIMOTEIIOUIS) “Gee stage Seema aer re Prats icy cc tea lage SEMA NG ase eee oa 26 PO OUW AIM se, ees eon ws cay a eR cere eRe as ae ISR eR 25 hemisphericus et varietates ....... Ne ren Se mee hs deh LOS Primedlitns serene hc. Ae ialn eter eee SiES Oat Sanne cae eee 24 MEE UC KUUS Gis cade we eee Specter enete ea ae as 2 [MinTHiPT Sees eee PEE Co 5 dais ao Gidiae to cna see 30, 31 PANOUISWUNLENSISI 2)... lcs swisha tne ree at tt ears art ake Sea sc 9 EAMMMIMOUS PRE < o cos ho Sereie de re ie oP a and 6 oil = Cee 27, 28 P mUMdussavarietas) placentoid CUs reset eae tae ar eee 14 MAC AOUSIS: ihe wes oe ets meee Beye See RMP Races, Oe Se 8 COMERS so piss is 5 kw eG. 0 wpe! eaten eee eee RS yaaa ae ese eee 16 [DINECINE aio prota EM eecanerorced. S85 Sc Sate omer: See Aaah wt alee INDEX TO PLATES. V FavosttEs—Continued. PLATES. P| OIC Ue, eRe eRe ea cole of aa. chest eae eee tesererisiiet slayer Ss 14,15 POLO MUMS sy. ua) = see RRS ee te teccretcke Sic: so de weae ahs 15, 27, 28 AGIOS See ee ries Sheteicucle Alcs ch 30. 6. G'o dO OO REI ne gee men ace No ods), INS) ACME Se con Seen Has oR EES. Sashes asd cb eves bbs IL, 113} TAOUNMOVAMMTIS, ac acooccas Selene Sidhe 8 We Ce ee 20 SPT UUM OSUSh ees ere ey Se aes cities mums mila 19 ESPOUUN GI baeeee cays oe je EO o> ate es ats S 14, 27 pa Spiculatusys 2s c.i:c ae att twe ieee ee eRe Meena als ee Skate aht es 15 Spon bay sgt eis Rees oe aes ee ae LT RCRA S Po Tension ss mates 8 EN SEOSUS racist cree sescai soe cht (5 Ore Cee RPA EER WEEN ola vaca ate aire 16, 19 VENUS LUSH eer ene ana esas Sue atenelorel ease tom careeies eee é agua ane 9 MICHELINIA CLD as Fac IIRL AS, Soke vec dageeroe 5 BSc Oe eae 41, 42 ECOLLUS Ma aes) weiss eicvcke Oevate st SRAM PRODI PN tael oes elaees 39 Gym UNI CAT hs sparen ae" acc 5 Soa hae eee eRe Reaves ne As 32, 36 LAVOSILOLG Gate Becta A Ms crore a orkuap ste Re TO Tae 37, 38 INSIONIS sree yes Sica ahe oss aaa ney enh Renee eareca hs Geos 27, 39, 40 Pe WAC AT CSIS! tyialc Sys cic ele ere pee rate crelea tear neta estrone asl ante 39 by 0) 1 eee see en eee ees rib D,o cats 66 p's SO eat 38, 59, 40 7 JBI = eeiecirer oer on or Soha eich eee Eten ae ses SISA ea 39, 40 MILLERIA Reem Anata. ashe isk reine ere eo Pe ream Perce Oaks omar ete eA. PLATYAXUM veanadense ..... Stk, alse gee Sen hgin cae sporced aincertee aicaerieaase 60 GOTLOLG CUM so so steerer se ee ee etc 61 PIS CHET ie osha 5 a LS oe bes ee pe 60 v: TCO) ey ble (be ee ee ae Ae GEA Bad . Sd eae 63 7A did (OUTRO ae eee Vera ain Bebb cits o.oo FG OU SOA Oe 60 Eee UTTIOSILITICe 225, 2) a cee. = ts atatheue a See OER eT eae a ane ebaue oe iy 01 = 60 vi INDEX TO PLATES. PROCTERIA PLaTEs. SITTING 5 o.cslo 8 cco Go SE ICTS en ROM ROIS ER Ie nae mel [Oe MIOKO, ocinu oo co oad 4 dele Boea pene aes c Eoummoosbodmpe. 2 al THECIA dT (Oe G:a-che on 6 Ob ALA OR RR EEE RISING DO .0 5 6 Gn OO evapo MAULINGh es SSS ree PEE RA RIA la GS 's'G a eS ad. 34 TRAD OISE Wesco Oy Oe PE ee SIS 5.5 Ato GSM nie e ad 6 0 6 35 GUIMMVGKSHACNTC eos Bo Ge Agee NE Soo nc bed dpb oa Rana U3 34 WOU: See ere PEE eS Srorcls o\qa.0'b a Ob sions eierer Haemeee COLUMNARID A. CoLUMNARIA BVO alta meee) ie raie nn bo sss) ai eee cies die/arsioveloteietaOemal SCNT <8 Gace ee ES Bie N cco aig csiahslelgta. Glavetelorrensteeeemeammdl HALYSITIDZ. AULOPORA CORMUC Aes eae eo s Sed sci ce Luts diet dacloie ee Pe CulMaUl ay yey tts <5 s0 sjsie.o/ 5 west eA eater) ee eee ee 73 CcuibhamMaeceess: fae scale a 5 os oe ra eee eee 73, 76 PECCIUSS & coast et abs hoes hoe ce eer 97 Paap EO CUMNDENS ate < = i=) ee) eae ee 73 [ON CACC a i PRA EE Ae Sea o SG Coho node ds 73 SSF DSS aI ae RPE NGI cco Bcc 3045% asenn eee ase meee DIoRRYCHOPORA PPALCIMUSH eon eames sac ces bdroies Ge ee ee RETO SOhe 74. DRYMOPORA AU OPOLOLMEA M26. «5.4. = ccs aed oo eet ree Bertie ome 9 11 PEOMMM ENS ANTS «5. x5 ce 4 ewes ee eee 70 FAS CICULATIS| Ss. side sie oka ar sd ce ee 70, 74 BEMCCCKOSA =.di cnc as ss. oa ee COR eee 72 AMIGEEMCMIA dx se cs «co Soe Ree ean 72, 74 MOUS ts eee cess isl aves vs Os aceite Oa eee ete Ne 71 INDEX TO PLATES. Vil HALYSITES Puares. CHURN RIS Se ineto Bw td oS.S GOH OS. CIO Oe OI ene eee arer 67 SOTIO SUS eres ee snte «set aera ence 5 en ae 5 Ob So omron OMe H rofetatieter LO’ NICHOLSONIA . Be ACMabanc sy o.ce eae ey Seren ie Ocoee oe os weereesiee 218 » INGUIN». coo goes oS ooo SoHo RCS HO OO DRE od oOo FOO UdaaTUOS 80 Pet CANAC ENSIS a ae ere sae nals BRUINS OCR O e PO Lai OO RoMINGERIA A fASCiCul ata, tos soem Rees ene oo COE eee 75 Bees GTSUL S GEL] Some costo Scoot atk SR ee nis Silacae « 13, 14, 75, 76 (rienl ove GOS) ep Rae Sisco ninGd es Gs oo na eee Gee, uae 75, 76 UI VeS aa ete cei cosy ccc Waa coe Ny Soe Ne DT A ot 8 SPL 75 PAVIA TNU | cine re cee hyn enV Tee ene ; eee LO SPRIATOPORA Perel vee ete oe cc he ce ee Mare series Syren be ns coc roe 64 NUON CN SIS ares cos cap tem a hiadee ase ED ee eee a ta aae teat ices Tal Saas 51, 64 Iimmeeam aye oe RR a tent clan n a OO DIS OOO eae Been ine .. |. 64 SYRINGOPORA looming sscccnacecccocdc Pea itd Groom clones eon See NOS | VESIUEUSK6) dee PRIDE RM IaR aA perc bi ots toe b O Gio.m cr ogee ack 68, 76 POLCLESATIS ccc s issn Sie Ss Sena Ua SNe en oretine re: ofA ge 1002 69 PAS UT ATI CAME o.5 5's, 5 25 2) nie WN eee ha OR ee ER eRe aes ease 68, 76 nlouiys Ses oes aoe “SE Se eee SS ae 68 Vill INDEX TO PLATES. ZOANTHARIA RUGOSA. CYATHOPHYLLID. ACROPHYLLUM PLates. ACT eek eae ae i eR ee ee Sin coca oo 6 97, 102 UU OC OT Ne ear cee EERE oR A oye SCG 8 © O05 < 94 oneidaense ........... Suen abeene eo eae cc coDa, Os AMPLEXUS SINUIMMENRIN: G6 hao Gab ae eee ae eC Bren ty en Aemaets ai 2 132, 138 AULACOPHYLLUM Pee COMO CTRUNM are cyet te cored sic.) basse anata PRP Ae ore at Ns mk a As 97, 102 DITSTOMO re oueticiets oS Sie +, 4 syd Sg 2 ena le te sye Seal eee ee ne 95 1ST) ON ee ee a PEPE tas cst tdiatn fin rch atin 6 io wad c 96 2) QUEUING Slots sor, Oe Selena Oc 6 95, 101 SUNG UNI aan eee eee aE ERIS i cicio'o GG Goo SoG ob 06 95 TmnieMionGlethnNG > oc oeedoaeoese ete cooM sad aversl) suevolelars Oem ae BLoTHROPHYLLUM : APD PDN ONC AUNT 23,35. eye coelessst'aaee ee 2 4 ete Penh tera oreo 99 PECUNCHUGUING fs 25 8s sed ba eds Se ee eee 99, 100, 101 GOI soo Rane ee ee Meets 65 So SoS dbo dU GCSE Doe 81, 101 OKXCONEIINCEN NDS (0 InN ola bg dna cmods ooo ¢ 98, 99 PFiPreNG UNI, ects ece, Sd Sueisyaoiss snoan (S08 0s oC eee ee eee 97, 102 Remy siwallemise@ 728. © is sc.c:3 <.4L oes, @ cles oss ee eee ee 99, 100, 101 PAO ULONSE a:2)2'. 0. wack seca kes Se eae eee 99 |e We\ Av D0 see PE AN oD ASS o i Blgiginin cs 6.6 o 4.5 © 100 ASSESS (eet SIE SSS CGR yb SUG 8 0 5.0.5 dis 99, 100 _ RVAEMONOTANMNOS 5 oa eeobccs 5005500 0% sje) Sestese. oyohattevoyeaote ces secre 102 CALCEOLA BALOLCUS pis pe(ctes = !sl2 el - evs%e'sfer= ahve o atoernee BPO sea oh 6 Eee 101, 131 INDEX TO PLATES. ti CHONOPHYLLUM PLares. MECA TUT OM Dsiss ered odd dO Odio 6 DOG ROO CRITE eae aen 55 0 MOL, MOS} > LANNY OV LKOMRUII eae wit alo GhG.8 oie 0 loa Oa Oe ane ere RAC Olea eee 78 SUNN cc Gab Doc ae oC HOLS Sooddoonoe enon codcoooo po OD ODA | (0) CYATHAXONIA Se CUINN Stee. ent aen. penton aioe Beets eicieiciless ec casas en LOS CYATHOPHYLLUM PA DREVICOING slo. oi oe er Eases nete se ehaUe hebate ¢ 79 CEO TIS Ue a Ree eile asst eh ic eR 91, 92 Ove UKEP Ohara. (dS os tr O.nilne Oi ae eC ena eg OD COE MILCUUMN Ere sess Bose a ROR RTS Saeed Peiecs 79 david Soni. $24... Sacer er ee Dicsoadcb Gus ic Cheuorom eect cent aa mete 93, 118 2 UCT ESTO) Sana ay Meee ry ces. Nes GULate ty 9.45 SRlae Gegiaed wicca CNeta REGENERATE 88 methelamuins! a sc eyes BT ros), oat ia gh eh ee 80 SWMTNM S456 5eue BRR i ce a 78, 133 MAU, WRUACIAS COMET J. 544sccancocqnchasesaaconeees 133 7S) UUOWOT ST eM AUIO Cerne yd rape epee ort CeCe CE SNR ee RR ne $2 HOS sie Rea EOE eS BERL OE ee ee eA chery tbs fa aac als 78, 83 PASECEMM «5. ye Nae 2st oaks cos Ie Re EME Ney epee Ne cos rou 78, 80, 130 [C1 Were Gere a8 cole oo Seca hog hry ah otc me eae 77, 92 Peaintiovea tui. 255i. 2 OR EPC rae ces Sane areeen 2 97 BEAVIS TOING) 2! Se hoe vah hoe A Re ER aR REC occ Ecce 78, 82 VICNG: ss cna. on beg AGREE Ee RR RRS ge ee RSet ce nal 79, 80 Pale ATI, oy 2. a ss ec oes see I le oh rete. 88 PSN UUM tal CTCTY Ds = 520s aa 25 Se Sac eco a a ee ay cic 83 2 THATS CMTE NORE ce Bieees 2 Oocc obo la somo om 80, 87, 88, 89, 92 -*: (OCU DU eee PERD ce ect Ge, 2 89 m0 6 Marca Re OCR 83, 84 OMOLT SUN 275,205. 2c/5o- Rea Se ee eee re ens nea Fae 93 AMO CUNUUN 525 3.8.05, SSA eRe rey albanians een neem Meme ere s+ lanai 81, 101 Pas UMNUS Goa 4» 52 5 cee Bistaear canes yar eee ie oes RS oh, 83, LOL [DESI SUMIN oe ec secoscs sees a20cccescengsenonasas oan 78 TAC ae ee BEN ean harem art Ee eee ais Reese 186 x CYATHOPHYLLUM— Continued. PLATES. RO URUUNS 6. coca haan uate Be DID COO dG ee Suiae Cake ee 85 UPON ewag so OA oboe OO one ES GOD CCN CR eC Soo 4 90, 93 SOWID DUB ig oo cob ce oAs oso cB IO opU DET EDOe ODO OUOcodbondon0 p06 86 EEOTM Abeta re ere ie eeakeks Seis Zick oo s/s: e7a5 0) eee eee eee 80, 86 HHUA 1h a Mae ee eet NS ot OG a odo aaé oO 80 WVILIET LT el Leer Rear SCS osc ata av tte o's) cliclacdeaais oie we ececeecceseeceee 88 CYSTIPHYLLUM CUTIE Tel CauTMUIM ay aaeerscona: cs. vik iac sic Wish bod nd etereee eee een sje ee ee 124 GICAGRIGULCT LIM eects 3) sche aioe uris: ci eva OL a eee 125 CUO ONS HSE s eee ePMPER Emm roancccobodsdcorcobooUs 80 RG Glivvilit GMIUETID so sees caso wiarerts a. cehic elene er sac att eC RCS CR ene 128 TRICE 56 apap Se EEE OS Cco cn odocboqSe5 000006 126 IRIS) OC WU TT ore ae Pe ER EOL AC et oS ova os'0 56 127, 129 Te be 70 ee eee EERE OS Ss C0 5 ao O ae Sd x ¢ 124 PALITAM AGU a a hiss Sean < cota ce as ane < Goh OR eee 126 NEAL sche cocie sachin’ 2a wos Oe eee 128 Brie theliro thie cess amciete w aidic.c UN AKUIND TO Retoridia eee craero e oGels STE bb.6 G8 6,0 RI REND Ere rene 109 HUKONTCUIMIS | aReeee RT ESI enews, fem 109, 111 CTU GIL ORTING po eesucre Ueee ene eye pres poe ns NRE A eo 107 PUCOSUIN <5'.\a.eis eos eee oe sooo depaensasons08 cose bo000% 109, 110 Pa SCMUUMNs 0 CD OCR Oe 106 LY ICUs), «2.0 5 == See nee ee Sala oe ATT Sta Mee ee yee LUG sai INDEX TO PLATES. STROMBODES PLATES INCETUUS eee eeR nee inset ss cists wwe diate: cPoletcvetedersreenere onetime tes Olivet reece ines oes wislony se & : ee 120 MPMI TES 61g GS oro cso AC Re Ee RRR GS cy 50.0.8 c ‘ Seles [CUILIGKS 00 Sica Os Oicks Oo a ae ee EEE PEE OSs Ome cob 121 TOVARUOCOLISS 6S ato ha ee RIPE DSA Giccocn ob G5 3 123 Cqirrdran CULMS ta. jena cs). bile 2 eee os eee Se eee 122 SIMENUMUTUS meets aso x hess ale wisi ce See eee ee 121, 122, 128 S(DEIIUS) oon ie ite ee PIER PAIS Gocco Sse ooo 121, 122 TINIE 6 62. Oo CERO Ree Cre alo Wie: sre abe aah lopeeevenm erat gener 122 ZAPHRENTIS GCOMMPGES Same seat ye eee ossicles cereevere de toeneus sick Soper oe wees lot lens COMIC OTA Ne oa co.a:0 5 5 ays a ee « Sse Ha 6 secs aeRO eRe eee 134, 138 COMMISH ook i aie ais eee ctl eis, Shoes meee Cee meen eee 133 COMMA ALS oes ore ols cin Sia Bl ete, cso ee Oo eee 97 CORMECUIUIN 1.2 Go cg sats ots. an ote ee ero 132, 138 2OMUNS Saat eee eI, eG o boo g ou ools 134, 138 (Sq VENICE ae Ao EMO O SS SG aod ooo en4 6% 6 o< 134 pcallicalcat. 22k.) ec es. i iis ee eee eee 97 ONG AINCA ees se. Lessee Se oe 3 bsp x se ee Seger 137, 138 PELRECNAM An snes!) 4) si00' os sb aes oe oe CO ee oe eee 78 PATON AIS ee ee eesti le nee neo oe ho Oe ee eee 80, 138, 139 SNC 103 Ae A MEAT oS hoo begono0 6 4 133, 138 Pa HCOMAG I eyes Hien Ss «2 a oes, Sie oes RN eee tL A 6 Cos 136 Mebbelmotht. <4 see. 00s. o4 alee ee os SRE ene 97 MOGULOSA © 5 ay shes rsh s islace. h.n «: sv ccnce Seepeveneels eRe Re eRe eee 130, 134, 138 AO WNW As ois ieee ws ape ans on 8 sts seal er a oe ene eRe ne 133 [SES a cee eRe me ame nis 5 bro cod nS clo.de S 133 PAUL ieee ices 26's! e vie ne ie le « Suits = eghsnenel alee Uae ee ye eee 133 PEOIMICA A acs! 5. eters, slew aie wo Sot ds SS olan cn ee erence ene 135, 188 [ee YCOKGE) OC he re GOS oa aag ood SoCo a 6 132 MES ULE Woiwiy.v «= c/o ciclenel eve ebolen alo cette Oe Sere ..... 135, 188 INDEX TU PLATES. aii ZAPHRENTIS—Continued. PLATES. PT OY TOLASW Wy orc ater sa pcre Mia eee eas 3% « SencocooDasoocooe les) RO) EDN Ta een Bis tye oC cing © CS ONS Gok coe ere sondsanndonotken 18!) STALE Eines erto a mc.s ova «le aan oc Coe te eh an ne . 133- mSOCIAliS, aonyee Gh 5 26 DOR COKER OO COU CDOS ee ae nt naaeas 133 SPONSIANIS Me. aysiu wemtel reo 3.0.6 05 810.0. OG CRC OO re are 132 fTIGEMMS «s/c Sores eee ree 066 0.666 OCI EEE ee eee 130 UDRIMENE och ecb nso Os Sons Oso KC OOUD COCO OSD ODKbUO DODO RU UDUE 134 WO OULD 5 soc cyaicie show sth ate ee oR carmen moe Test encuel aan. ahs 133, 138 PUG PIS Sei eo. 4 Ab ord conin o's ca O66 SOO neat 132 ~ yandelli Cisse atahetea BEERS Dbig oh HOD AC On eS Cre ene . .135, 138 ae PEATE 0. HELIOLITES MEGASTOMA. Niagara. 1. Upper surface of a corallum from the ferruginous clay of the Upper Niagara, near Louisville. Collection of the author. 2. Upper surface of a fragment from the stratum of white clay ten feet below the passage-beds separating the Niagara and Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of Ma. MceConathy. HELIOLITES INTERSTINCTUS. Niagara. 3. Upper surface of a corallum from the stratum of white clay seven feet below the Niagara and Devonian passage-beds, near Louis- ville. Collection of the author. 4. Under surface of a corallum from the ferruginous clay, near Louis- ville. Collection of the author. HELIOLITES PYRIFORMIS. Niagara. 5. Upper surface of a corallum from the ferruginous clay, near Louis- ville. Collection of the author. 6. Lateral view of a small corallum from the white clay seven feet below the Niagara and Devonian passage-beds, near Louisville. Collection of the author. HELIOLITES SUBTUBULATUS. Niagara, 7. Upper surface of a corallum invested by Stromatopora concentrica, from the white clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. 8. Upper surface of a corallum from the white clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. PLASMOPORA FOLLIS. Niagara. 9. Upper surface of a corallum from the white clay, near Louisville. Corallets of smaller size than those of typical examples. Collec- tion of Mr. Nettelroth. 10. Lateral view of a corallum from the white clay, near Louisville. Collection of Mr. Nettelroth. PLASMOPORA ELEGANS. Niagara. 11. 13. Lateral views of coralla from the white clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. 12. Upper surface of a corallum from the white clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author, KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 1. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 2. of F ) Doe / wet: /PLATE 2. LYELLIA GLABRA. Niagara. 1. Upper surface of a corallum from the white clay nine feet below the Niagara and Devonian passage-beds, near Louisville. Collection of the author. LYELLIA PAPILLATA. Niagara. 2. Upper surface of a corallum from the white clay seven feet below the Niagara and Devonian passage-beds, near Louisville. Collection of the author. LYELLIA PUELLA, Nova Species. Niagara. 3. Upper surface of a weathered corallum from the limestone twelve feet below the Niagara and Devonian Basse leds, near Louisville. Collection of the author. PLATE 3. LYELLIA PAPILLATA. Niagara. 1. Portion of the upper surface of a corallum from the ferruginous clay just below the Niagara and Devonian passage-beds, near Louis- ville. Collection of the author. LYELLIA AMERICANA. Niagara. 2. Upper surface of a corallum from the white clay ten feet below the Niagara and Devonian passage-beds, near Louisville. Collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 3. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 4. ‘ PLATE 4, y CLADOPORA LABIOSA. Middle Devonian. 1. Front lateral view of the upper fronds of a corallum imbedded in rock matrix, from the Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. LYELLIA DIscoIDEA, Nova Species. Niagara. 2. Convex upper surface of a corallum from the white clay, near Lou- isville. Collection of the author. [The example figured is ex- quisitely preserved, but its color seems to have prevented good photographic delineation. ] 3. Plane upper surface of a corallum, found near Louisville. Collection of Dr. J. Knapp. LYELLIA PAPILLATA. . Niagara. 4. Lateral view of a weathered corallum showing the vesiculose ccenen- chyma, found near Louisville. Collection of the author. CG@NITES LAMINATA. Niagara. 5. Upper surface of a weathered corallum from the white clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. CG@NITES CRASSA. Niagara. 6. Upper surface of a corallum from the ferruginous clay just below the Niagara and Devonian passage-beds, near Louisville. Collection of the author. PLATE 5. CoLumNnopora RAYI, Nov. Spee. Hudson River Group. 1. Upper surface of a corallum found in Nelson county. Collection of the author. 3. Lateral view of a corallum from the same locality. Collection of the author. COLUMNOPORA CRIBRIFORMIS. Hudson River Group. 2. Lateral view of a corallum found in Nelson county. 4. Upper surface of a corallum from the same locality. Collection of the author. 5. View of the under surface of a corallum from which the epitheca has been removed, showing diaphragms and mural pores; from Nelson county. Collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 5. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 6. i PRIGMEB EG: CoLuMNoporRA RAYI, Nov. Spec. Hudson River Group. 1. Lateral view of the corallum figured in Plate 5, Fig. 1. CoLUMNOPORA CRIBRIFORMIS. Hudson River Group. 2. Lateral view of a pyriform corallum found in Nelson county. Collec- tion of the author. CoLUMNARIA ALVEOLATA. Hudson River Group. 3. Portion of the upper surface of a corallum found in Nelson county. Collection of the author. PLATE 7. CoLUMNARIA STELLATA. Hudson River Group. 1. Vertical section of a corallum found in Trimble county. Collection of the author. CoLUMNARIA ALVEOLATA. Hudson River Group. 2. Longitudinal section of a corallum found near Fisherville, Jefferson county. Collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 7. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 8. PLATE 8. FAavositEs FAvosus. Niagara. 1. Upper surface of a fragment from the ferruginous clay, near Louis- ville. Collection of Mr. Nettelroth. 2. Longitudinal section of an example whose corallets are smaller, found in the same horizon and locality. Collection of the author. FAVOSITES NIAGARENSIS. Niagara. 3. Upper surface of a corallum, composed of very small corallets, show- ing spinulous walls; near Louisville. Collection of the author. 4. Upper surface of an example, composed of the largest sized corallets, with smooth walls; near Louisville. Collection of the author. FavositEs ForBESI. Niagara. 5. Upper surface of a large corallum found near Louisville. Collection of Mr. McConathy. 6. View of epithecated under surface of a corallum of average size; near Louisville. Collection of the author. FAVOSITES SPONGILLA. Niagara. 7. 8. 9. Lateral views of coralla found near Louisville. Collection of the author. PLATE 9. FAVOSITES CRISTATUS. Niagara. 1. Lateral view of a weathered corallum from the ferruginous clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. 2. 3. 4. 5. Lateral views of several coralla from the white clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. FAVOSITES LOUISVILLENSIS, Nov. Spec. Niagara. 6. Upper surface of a corallum found near Louisville. Collection of the author. FAVOSITES VENUSTUS. Niagara. 7. Epithecated under surface of a corallum from the white clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. 10. Upper surface of a fragment, showing spinulous walls; from the same locality. Collection of the author. Favosites piscus, Nov. Spec. Niagara. 8. Upper surface of a fragment from the white clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. . 9. Under surface of a corallum, from which the epitheca has been eroded; near Louisville. Collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE Q. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 10. RPA DE 10: FAVOSITES HEMISPHERICUS. Lower Devonian. Lateral view of a portion of a corallum, showing squamous walls; from the Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. PLATE 11. FAVOSITES HEMISPHERICUS, ET VARIETATES. Devonian. le bo Lateral view of a weathered example, showing corallet walls incras- sated by siliceous deposits during fossilization, from the Middle Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of the author. Vertical section of an example from the same locality. Collection of the author. Lateral view of a corallum from the same horizon, near Louisville. Collection of the author. Conical section, parallel with the operculous exterior, from the same horizon and place. Collection of the author. 6. Lateral views of sub-bacillate forms, from the upper clay beds of the Middle Devonian; near Louisville. Collection of the author. Lateral view of a corallum, whose operculous apex has been flattened by attachment to a marine object; from the locality of 5 and 6. Portion of a corallum from the dark red clays derived from the de- composition of the encrinal limestone lying under the shale which caps the Devonian; near Louisville. Collection of the author. Lateral view of a distorted example formed by two sub-bacillate forms intimately united; from the horizon of 5 and 6, near Lou- isville, Collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 11. *& ) y Ny ea F: ) KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 12. SAVIN 2? FAVOSITES EPIDERMATUS. Devonian. 1. Upper surface of a corallum from the ferruginous clay of the Middle Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of the author. FAVOSITES RADIATUS. Devonian. 2. Upper surface of a corallum from the Lower Devonian strata, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. FAVOSITES EMMONSI. Devonian. 3. Lateral view of a corallum from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. 4. Upper surface of a corallum from the same horizon and locality. Col- lection of the author, ’ PLATE 13. FAVOSITES RADIATUS. Devonian. Upper surface of a portion of a corallum, showing difference in size of the corallets; from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collec- tion of Mr. Gaines. ; KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 13. t ee yapetreremty ters Set; KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 14. ‘PLATE 14. FavositEs prruM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 1. Lateral view of a corallum from the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. 2. Lateral view (prostrate) of a bacillate form from the same locality. Collection of the author. FAVOSITES PLACENTA. Devonian. 3. Portion of a corallum from the dark red clay, derived from the encrinal limestone of the Upper Devonian, near Louisville. Col- lection of the author. FAVOSITES ROTUNDITUBA, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 4. Upper surface of a corallum from the dark red clay of the Upper Devonian, underlying the shale beds, near Louisville. Coilection of the author. FAVOSITES MUNDUS, varietas PLACENTOIDEuS, Nov. Var. Devonian. 5. Upper surface of a corallum from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. PLATE 15. FavositEs pirum, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 1. Lateral view of a corallum from the blue clay of the Middle Devo- nian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. 2. Lateral view of a corallum from the same locality, showing a por- tion of the epithecated under surface and some of the corallets in longitudinal section. Collection of the author. 3. View of the epithecated under surface of a corallum; also showing the squamous walls of the corallets; from the ferruginous red clay of the Middle Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of the author. Favosites proximus, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 4. Lateral view (inverted) of a corallum from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. 5. Lateral view of a flexuous form from the same locality. Collection of the author. 6. Lateral view of a sub-ramous corallum from the same locality. Col- lection of the author. FAVOSITES SPICULATUS, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 7. Upper surface of a corallum from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio, Collection of the author, KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 15: Cras 2 cute age a7 Bae t a 1 i by p ES 1 ’ 5 f i = - ; \ : ° Z -_ af : } Z ¢ ‘ ~ S ° = p . ' = i a ee af t a ' { nate KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 16. 9 DG PLATE 16. FAVOSITES TUBEROSUS. Devonian. 1. Lateral view (prostrate) of a corallum of typical shape from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. 2. Similar view of a corallum from the same locality and horizon, show- ing opercula closing the orifices of some of the corallets. Collec- tion of Mr. Gaines. 3. Lateral view of upper portion of a specimen from the ferruginous clay of the Lower Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of the author. FavosITEs OCELLATUS, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 4. Lateral view (prostrate) of a corallum from the upper strata of the Lower Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of the author. “oO PLATE 17. FavosITES AMPLISsIMUS, Noy. Spee. Devonian. 1. Upper surface of a corallum from the ferruginous clay of the Lower Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of Mr. Nettelroth. 2. View of a portion of the under surface of a corallum from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. 3. Upper surface of a corallum from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 17. ’ —— ie J i * { 7 ia ¢ » 7 ‘ 7 & ; Ps i iT i er a i an - ‘ A . y ‘ ‘ ‘ mn . > . J al . . ; * ; ra ” = ‘ E 4 t } ; # i n) : | s 4 £ " ‘ KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. ; PLATE 18. PLATE 18. Favosites quErcus, Nov. Spee. Devonian. Lateral view of a corallum from the Lower Devonian strata, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. PLATE 19. Favosires Quercus, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 1. Lateral view of a corallum of medium size from the Lower Devonia 1, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. FAVosITES RAMULOSUS, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 2. Views of two fronds from the upper portion of coralla from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. FAVOSITES TUBEROSUS. Devonian. 3. Lateral view of a corallum of bacillate shape from the upper strata of the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of Mr. Net- telroth. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 19. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 20. PLATE 20. FAYVOSITES RADICIFORMIS. Devonian. 1. Lateral view of a corallum, whose older corallets have their tubes closed by opercula; from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. 2. Lateral view (prostrate) of a corallum, split at the upper end so as to show a longitudinal section of the corallets; from the same horizon and locality. Collection of the author. 3. Lateral view of a jejune frond; corallets extraordinarily small; horizon two feet above that of examples 1 and 2; Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. PLATE 21. FavosiTEes BacuLus, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 1. 2. 3. Lateral views of three several coralla from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Zaphrentis exigua, it will be remarked, is attached to the matrix in which example 3 is imbedded. Collec- tion of the author. 4. Longitudinal section of the upper portion of a small corallum from the same horizon and place. Collection of the author. FAVOSITES DIGITATUS. Devonian. 5. Portion of a corallum from the dark red clay of the encrinal lime- stone underlying the shale which separates the Devonian and Sub-carboniferous formations, near Louisville. Collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 21. eh r be als RNA THT = 4] Tce pd PS KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 22. PLATE 22. FavosITEs ARBOR, Nov. Spec. Devonian. Lateral view of the upper fronds of a corallum twenty-eight inches long, from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. The entire left frond is incrusted with Stromatopora granulata; on its end appears a basal expansion of Favosites limitaris. Collection of the author. Y PLATE 23. Favostres Arpor, Noy. Spec. Devonian. 1. Lateral view of a fragment of a frond from the Lower Devonian strata, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of Mr. McConathy. Favosttges cymMosus, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 2. Lateral view of a corallum from the blue clay of the Middle Devo- nian, falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. 3. Upper surface of a corallum from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. 4, Lateral view of a corallum from the same place and horizon as example 3. Collection of the author. 5. Lateral view (prostrate) of a “sprout,” or cyme, of uncommonly elongated growth, from the horizon and locality of example 2. Collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 23. 7 m4 — A Fi * ; , Ein & Prk ; : » : ‘i, "i x t ay A ha ner KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 24. 5c. aes Y PLATE 24. FavositEes FRUTEX, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 1. Lateral view of a corallum from the Lower Devonian strata, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. 2. Upper portion of a frond from the same place and horizon. Collec- tion of the author. FAVOSITES CRISTATUS, varietas MAJOR. Niagara. 3. Lateral view of a fragment with squamous walls, from the white clay of the upper Niagara strata, near Louisville. Collection of Mr. McConathy. FavositEs impepitus, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 4, 5. Lateral views of coralla from the Lower Devonian strata, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. FAVOSITES CLELANDI, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 6. View of a portion of the upper surface of a corallum from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. PLATE 25. FavositEes GoopwinlI, Nov. Spec. Devonian. The two examples in the lower right corner are coralla of compact, non- ramous growth. Lateral views of them are exhibited. A view of the upper surface of a corallum is presented in the figure occupying the upper right corner. The views offered by the other examples are lateral. Found in the encrinal limestone, and the dark red clay derived there- from, lying just below the shale of the Upper Devonian. Collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 25. ° ’ ‘ . ‘ "y Hi ; : Tas i M : a RY o 3 z 1A * . n : z , i‘ ue . A men : : ‘ wu KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 26. “PLATE 26. Favosites Eximtus, Nov. Spec. _ Devonian. 1. Upper surface of a corallum from the dark red encrinal limestone clay of the Upper Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of the author. FAVOSITES FUSTIFORMIS, Noy. Spec. Devonian. 2. Lateral view of a corallum, showing the tubes of some corallets in section and the epithecal secretion on the outside of walls where new departures of growth occur; from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. 3. Lateral view of a corallum, with base incrusting a fragment of a frond of Cladopora expatiata; from the horizon and locality of example 2. Collection of the author. PLATE 27. MICHELINIA INSIGNIS. Devonian. 1. View of the epithecated under surface of a corallum, showing the semi-cylindrical shape of the outer walls; to the left of the center several of the corallets become temporarily disjunct, but again unite with their neighbors by approximation; from the encrinal limestone clay of the Upper Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of the author. FavosITEs CoNVEXUS, Noy. Spec. Devonian. 2. View of the under surface of a corallum from which the epitheca is removed so as to show the mural pores and squamous walls; from the ferruginous clay of the Lower Devonian, near Louisville. Col- lection of the author. 3. (Central small specimen.) View of the under surface of a small corallum, covered with a deeply-wrinkled epitheca; from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. FavositEs munbus, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 4. Upper surface of a corallum in which the larger sub-rotund tubes are more regularly recurring than is common; from the blue clay of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. Favosires rorunpituBa, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 5. Upper surface of a corallum from the encrinal limestone clay just below the shale of the Upper Devonian, near Louisville. Collec- tion of the author. FavositEs proximus, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 6. Upper surface of a corallum of expanded discoidal shape, composed of corallets whose tubes are above average size; from the ferru- ginous clay of the Lower Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of Dr. Knapp. FavositEs Eximius, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 7. Lateral view of a corallum of turbinate form, from the dark red encrinal limestone clay of the Upper Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 27. PO. ‘ib a KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 28. YPLATE 28. FavositEs MuNDus, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 1. Upper surface of a corallum from the ferruginous clay of the Middle ; Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of the author. 2. Lateral view of a corallum, the tubes of many of whose corallets are closed with opercula; from the blue clay of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. FavosiTEs proximus, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 3. Lateral view of a sub-ramous corallum, in some of whose tubes appear imperfect opercula; a basal expansion of Favosites clausus is attached to its upper portion; from the Lower Devonian strata, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. PLATE 29. FAVOSITES CANADENSIS. Devonian. 1. 2. Upper surface of fragments of coralla having the common form, from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. 3. Lateral view of a corallum of rarely digitate growth, from the hori- zon and locality of the preceding examples. Collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 29. ne se KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 3O. “PLATE 30. FAVOSITES LIMITARIS. Devonian. Lateral view of a corallum (two thirds of the natural size) from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. PLATE 31. FAVOSITES LIMITARIS. Devonian. 1. Lateral view of the upper fronds of a corallum, partly freed from its matrix, in which the corallets at their orifices are more oblique to the axis than is common; from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of Mr. McConathy. FavositEs cartosus, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 2. Front lateral view (prostrate) of the base and trunk of a corallum, from the ferruginous clay of the Lower Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 31. n = - - a % « , ia - 72.4 : ' bb PY) , eee A © q hs a , 7 “ ar Coa " Liat 7 , <= if - a ' : ~ > ’ \ - 2 . . * 7 ' a 2 a ¥ 4 ~~ J " : S ‘ * - a é ¢ ~ Ms ' * ; ‘7 n -* KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 32. ti ‘Later LV PE at =, PLATE 32. Favostres cartosus, Noy. Spec. Devonian. 1. Rear lateral view of the base and trunk of the example figured in Plate 31. 2. Rear lateral view of a typically marked fragment of a frond, artifi- cially attached to the matrix of example 3 for delineation; from the horizon and locality of the preceding specimen. Collection of the author. 4. Front lateral view of a fragment from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. FAVOSITES INTERTEXTUS. Devonian. 3. Lateral views of portions of fronds imbedded in the matrix, from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of Dr. Knapp. FAVOSITES EMMONSI. Devonian. 5. Vertical section of a fragment (prostrate) showing the squamous tubes and incomplete tabulze proper to the species; from the Lower Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of Dr. Knapp. MICHELINIA CYLINDRICA. Devonian. 6. Longitudinal section of a fragment showing the complicated sub-ves- icular tabulze; from the blue clay of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of Dr. Knapp. PLATE 33. FAVOSITES CAVERNOSUS. Devonian. 1. Lateral view of the base and fronds of a nearly perfect corallum, from the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. 2. Well preserved fragment from the same horizon, east of Louisville. Collection of the author. 3. 4. 5. Fragments such as are commonly obtained, with walls abnor- mally incrassated; from the encrinal limestone clay of the Upper Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 3s. iy KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 34. * ¥ 3 preneg arr he he tt ad 29 Ui ha ~ sce PLATE 34. THECIA MAJOR. Niagara. 1. Upper surface of a corallum, gathered from its rock matrix twenty- five feet below the Niagara and Devonian passage-beds, near Lou- isville. Collection of the author. 2. Under surface of a corallum, covered with an epitheca, from the white clay five feet below the passage-beds, near Louisville. Collection of the author. 3. Upper surface of a fragment from the ferruginous clay of the Upper Niagara strata, near Louisville. Collection of the author. THECIA MINOR. Niagara. 4. Upper surface of a portion of a corallum from the upper white clay beds, near Louisville. Collection of the author. 7. Upper surface of calcified tube-casts of a corallum [ Labechia con- ferta ]. THECIA SWINDERNANA. Niagara. 5. Upper surface of a fragment from the upper red clay strata, near Louisville. Collection of Mr. Nettelroth. 6. Upper surface of portion of a corallum from the white clay eight feet below the passage-beds, near Louisville. Collection of the author. THECIA VETUSTA. : Hudson River Group. 8. Upper surface of a corallum incrusting Streptorhyncus planum- bonus, near Milton, Ky. Collection of the author. 9. 10. Similar views of coralla from the same horizon and _ locality. Collection of Mr. Nettelroth. PLATE 35. THECIA RAMOSA. Devonian. 1. Lateral view of a nearly perfect corallum from the Lower Devonian. Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. [Norr.—The apex of growth of this example is just above the figure 1.] 2. Upper portion of a frond (inverted) from the same horizon and place. Collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 35. par Yes KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 36. PLATE 36. MICHELINIA CYLINDRICA. Devonian. Upper surface of a corallum from the red clay of the Middle Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of the author. PLATE 37. MICHELINIA FAVOSITOIDEA. Devonian. Upper surface of a corallum from the blue clay of the Middle Devonian Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. [Nore.—With a lens of low power observe the papillose surface of the tabulee and of the walls, the latter dotting the longitudinal ridges. The author recommends the use of a double-convex Jens, with a power of about two diameters, in examining all the illustrations of this work. Viewed with such a lens, all characteristic structural details will appear as they seem in the fossil itself, and “an atmos- phere” so inyests the figure that it may be studied almost as advantageously as the natural object.] KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 37. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 38. 4PWAMES 33: MICHELINIA PLANA, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 1. Upper surface of a corallum from the encrinal limestone clay of the Upper Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of the author. 2. Under surface of a corallum, with epitheca partially preserved, from the yellow clay of the Upper Devonian, near Crab Orchard, Ky. Collection of the author. MICHELINIA FAVOSITOIDEA. Devonian. 3. Upper surface of a fragment from the red clay of the Middle Devo- nian, near Louisville. Collection of the author. PLATE 339. MICHELINIA CORRUGATA, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 1. Upper surface of a corallum from the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. MICHELINIA NIAGARENSIS, Nov. Spee. Magara. 2. Portion of the upper surface of a corallum from the Upper Niagara white clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. MICHELINIA PRIMA, Nov. Spee. Magara. 3. Upper surface of a weathered specimen, in which the walls of the several corallets are seen separated; from the white clay of the Upper Niagara, near Louisville. Collection of the author. 4, Artificially attached to Figure 6 is a corallum whose lateral view showing epitheca is presented. Not photographed satisfactorily on account of its color. From the same horizon, near Louis- ville, as example 3. Collection of the author. 5. Upper surface of a fragment showing tube-walls delicately spinulous, in exquisite preservation; from the same horizon and place as the preceding example. Collection of Mr. MeConathy. MICHELINIA PLANA, Noy. Spec. Devonian. 6. Lateral view of a corallum from the dark red clay beds derived from the encrinal limestone of the Upper Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of the author. MICHELINIA INSIGNIS. Devonian. 7. Upper surface of a corallum whose corallets have thinner walls than the average specimen; from the encrinal limestone clay of the Upper Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 39. YAVAUS JATIDOIOI2 YHOUTMA! 86 ATAJ& KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 40. go> cA Cody ae. “PLATE 40. MIcHELINIA PRIMA, Nov. Spec. Niagara. 1. Under surface of corallum previously figured in Plate 39; Fig. 4. MIcHELINIA PLANA, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 2. Longitudinal section of a fragment from which the tabulee are removed so as to show the mural pores; from the encrinal limestone clay of the Upper Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of the author. 3. Longitudinal section of a fragment showing tabulee; from the horizon and locality of the preceding example. Collection of the author. MICHELINIA INSIGNIS. Devonian. 4. Oblique view of the upper surface of a corallum, from the encrinal limestone clay of the Upper Devonian, near Louisville. Collec- tion of the author. 5. Upper surface of a corallum from the horizon and locality of example 4. Collection of the author. 6. Vertical section of a corallum, showing tabulee, from the same horizon and locality as the preceding examples. Collection of the author. PLATE 41. MICHELINIA CLAPPI. Devonian. 1. Vertical section of a fragment, showing the tabulate septa extrane- ous to the corallets’ walls; from the ferruginous clay of the Mid- dle Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of the author. 2. Upper surface of a fragment from the same horizon as example 1, near Louisville. Collection of the author. Procrerta (Noy. Gen.) MICHELINOIDEA, N.S. Devonian. Go . 4. Upper surfaces of coralla. Lateral view of a corallum. Under surface of a corallum, showing the papillose exothecal secre- tion. oo 9. Under surfaces of fragments, showing the radiation of corallets from the central apex. 10. Under surface of a corallum, from which a portion of the papillose exothecal secretion is removed, so as to show the mural pores - perforating the epitheca. 12. 13. 14. Views of tube-casts and pore-casts similar to those observed in Pleurodictyum problematicum. All the above examples are from the decomposed hornstone of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. 8. Under surface of a fragment from the limestone on which rests the uppermost chert layer of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of Mr. Gaines. On =I 1i. Under surface of a corallum from which a portion of the exothecal layer has been removed, so as to disclose a tube-cast beneath; from the horizon and locality of example 3. Collection of Mr. McConathy. PROCTERIA PAPILLOSA, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 15. Upper surface of a corallum, showing papillose exothecal layer sur- mounting the corallets’ walls. . 16. Under surface of a corallum, showing papillose exothecal secretion and the concave margins of the outer walls of the prostrate corallets. 17. Lateral view of a corallum. 19. Upper surface of a small corallum with thinner walls than the average. 18. 20. 21. Under surfaces of coralla. All the forms of this species have been found in the decomposed chert of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. The examples figured are from the collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 41. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 42. ‘PLATE 42. MICHELINIA CLAPPI. Devonian. 1. Oblique lateral view of a corallum from the blue clay of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. . Upper surface of a corallum from the same locality and horizon. bo ioe) . Upper surface of a corallum from the ferruginous clay of the Middle Devonian, near Louisville. 4. Lateral view of the example figured in Plate 41, Fig. 2. The specimens figured are from the collection of the author. PLATE 43. ALVEOLITES CoNSTANS, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 1. Lateral view of a corallum from the red clay of the Lower Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of the author. ALVEOLITES SQUAMOSUS. Devonian. 2. 3. Upper surfaces of coralla from the horizon of the preceding species, near Louisville. Collection of the author. ALVEOLITES MINIMUS, Nov. Spec. Devonian. ’ 4. Lateral view of a corallum from the Lower Devonian strata, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 43. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 44. PLATE 4. ALVEOLITES SCANDULARIS, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 1. Upper surface of a fragment of a corallum from the encrinal lime- stone clay of the Upper Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of the author. ALYPOLITES GOLDFUSSI. Devonian. 2. Upper surface of a corallum from the horizon of A. scandularis (Fig. 1), near Louisville. Collection of the author. ALVEOLITES MINIMUS, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 3. Upper surface of a corallum from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. ‘PLATE 45, ALVEOLITES MORDAX, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 1. Upper surface of a corallum from the ferruginous clay of the Lower Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of the author. 2. Lateral view of a small corallum, with corallets of the smallest size, from the same horizon, near Louisville. Collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 45. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 46. PLATE 46, CG@NITES VERTICILLATA. Niagara. 1. Lateral view of the cylindrical portion of a corallum. 3. Lateral view (prostrate) of the cylindrical portion of a corallum, with a verticillate expansion. 2. 4. Under surfaces of expanded verticillate plates. These examples are from the ferruginous clay of the Upper Niagara, near Louisville. Collection of the author. ; ALVEOLITES LOUISVILLENSIS, Nov. Spee. Niagara. 5. Upper surface of a corallum from the white clay of the Upper Niagara, near Louisville. Collection of Mr. Nettelroth. 6. Upper surface of a weathered corallum, from the same horizon and locality. Collection of the author. ALVEOLITES NIAGARENSIS. Niagara. 7. Upper surface of a fragment from the Upper Niagara white clay, near Louisville. Collection of Mr. McConathy. ALVEOLITES FIBROSUS, Nov. Spee. Niagara. 8. Upper surface of a corallum from the Upper Niagara clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. _ Mivierta (Nov. Gen.) Lamrvata, Nov. Spec. Niagara. 9. Oblique view of the upper surface and side of a corallum, showing the successive thin laminar expansions; from the Upper Niagara ferruginous clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. PLATE 47. CLADOPORA RETICULATA. Niagara. 1. Lateral view of a corallum from the Upper Niagara white clay, thirteen feet below the Niagara and Devonian passage-beds, near Louisville. Collection of the author. 2. View of a corallum, with its apex of growth centrally situated, and its fronds radiating in all directions therefrom; found in the horizon of example 1, near Louisville. Collection of Mr. Nettelroth. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.) PLATE 47. — + : a — iy t ali Pitot + ea Es 1, eae / ° « ny KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 48. 453) so eee PLATE 48. CLADOPORA ACULEATA, Noy. Spec. Niagara. ‘ 1. Lateral view of a fragment from the Upper Niagara white clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. CLADOPORA ORDINATA, Nov. Spec. Niagara. 2. Lateral view of a small fragment from the same horizon as C. acu- leata, near Louisville. Collection of the author. CLADOPORA PROBOSCIDALIS, Nov. Spee. Niagara. 3. Lateral view of a fragment from the same horizon and place as the preceding species. Collection of the author. CLADOPORA MENIS, Nov. Spec. Niagara. 4. Lateral view of the upper portion of a frond showing the tricho- tomous branching; from the horizon and neighborhood of the examples preceding. Collection of the author. 5. Pedicle of a corallum with a portion of the trunk; from the horizon and place of example 4. Collection of the author. CLADCPORA STRIATA, Noy. Spec. Niagara. 6. Lateral view of several fronds of a corallum, from the horizon of the above examples. Collection of Mr. Nettelroth. CLADOPORA EQUISETALIS, Nov. Spec. Magara. 7. Several fronds springing from the same base; from the same horizon as the above. Collection of Mr. Nettelroth. CLADOPORA LAQUEATA. Magara. §. Corallum, pedicle wanting, from the Upper Niagara white clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. 9. Nearly entire corallum from the Upper Niagara red clay, near Louis- ville. Partly invested by Stromatopora concentrica. Collection of Mr. Nettelroth. et PLATE 49. CLADOPORA COMPLANATA, Nov. Spec. Niagurd. 1. Lateral view (half inverted) of a portion of a frond from the Upper Niagara white clay, near Louisville. Collection of Dr. Knapp. CLADOPORA ACULEATA, Novy. Spec. Niagara. 2. Lateral view (half inverted) of a portion of a corallum, from the horizon and place where the preceding specimen was gathered. Collection of Dr. Knapp. SYRINGOPORA TUBIPOROIDES. Devonian. 3. Section of several corallets, partly imbedded in the rock matrix, showing the conical invaginating diaphragms; from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of Dr. Knapp. FAVOSITES CLAUSUS. Devonian. 4. Portion of a corallum from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 49. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 50. PLATE 50. CLADOPORA ASPERA. Devonian. 1. Front lateral view of a corallum from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. CLADOPORA EXPATIATA. Devonian. 2. Portions of fronds with part of pedicle, from the ferruginous clay of the Lower Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of the author. 3. Front lateral view of a corallum (prostrate) from the Lower Devo- nian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. PLATE 51. CLADOPORA DENTATA, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 1. Under surface of basal expansion and rear lateral view of portions of fronds of a corallum from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of Dr. Knapp. CLADOPORA FRANCISCI, Noy. Spec. Devonian. 2. Front Lateral view of fragment from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of Dr. Knapp. STRIATOPORA HURONENSIS. Niagara. 3. Fragment imperfectly freed from the matrix; from the Upper Niagara white clay, near Louisville. Collection of Dr. Knapp. ERIDOPHYLLUM SENTUM, Nov. Spee. Niagara. 4. Lateral view of a fragment from the ferruginous clay of the Upper Niagara, near Louisville. Collection of Dr. Knapp. LYELLIA PUELLA, Nov. Spec. Niagara. 5. Upper surface of a corallum from the Upper Niagara white clay, near Louisville. Collection of Dr. Knapp. Nicwousonta (Nov. Gen.) CANADENSIS. Devonian. 6. Corallum incrusting Spirifera oweni, from the red clay of the Middle Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of Dr. Knapp. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 57. ote KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 52. PLATE 52. CLapopora BIFURCA, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 1. Portion of a corallum investing Favosites ramulosus, from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. CLADOPORA CRYPTODENS. Devonian. 2. Dichotomously branching example, from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. 3. Frond (inverted) from the same horizon and locality. Collection of the author. 4. Fragment from the ferruginous clay of the Lower Devonian, near - Louisville. Collection of the author. CLADOPORA BILLINGSI. Devoman. 5. Fragment (inverted) from the Lower Devonian clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. CLADOPORA ALPENENSIS. Devonian. 6. Fragment from the horizon and place of example 5. CLapopora acuPictra, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 7. 8. Portions of fronds from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. CLADOPORA DESQUAMATA, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 9. Portion of a corallum with its pedicle attached to the interior of the calyx of Zaphrentis ungula, from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. PLATE 53. CLADOPORA IMBRICATA. Devonian. 1. 2. 3. Fronds of different sizes and modes of growth. 4. Pedicle of a corallum from which fronds are beginning to spring. The examples are from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio, and belong to the collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 53. thes To = — KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 54. PLATE 54. CLADOPORA PINGUIS. Devonian. 1. Front lateral view of a corallum from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. 2. Basal expansion with portions of fronds, from the red clay of the Middle Devonian, near Louisville. 3. Basal expansion with portions of fronds, from the encrinal limestone dark red clay of the Upper Devonian, near Louisville. CLADOPORA REMERI. Devonian. 4. 5. 6. Fragments found in the red clay of the Lower Devonian, near Louisville. The examples figured in this Plate belong to the collection of the author. PLATE 565. CILADOPORA PINGUIS. Devonian. 1. Front lateral view of a corallum from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of Dr. Knapp. 2. Upper surface of a basal expansion, showing corallets of different sizes; from the ferruginous clay of the Lower Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of the author. 3. Front lateral view of the pedicle with portions of fronds, showing differently sized corallets; from the horizon and neighborhood of example 2. Collection of the author. CLADOPORA R@MERI. Devonian. 4. Fragment. from the Lower Devonian red clay, near Louisville. Col- lection of Dr. Knapp. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 55. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 56. PLATE 56. CLADOPORA RE@MERI. Devonian. 1. Corallum (prostrate) partly imbedded in its matrix; from the Lower Devonian strata, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. CLapopora BrrurcA, Nov. Spee. : Devonian. 2. Upper fronds of a corallum partly imbedded in its rock matrix; from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. PLATE 57. CLADOPORA TELA, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 1. Front lateral view of a portion of the base and fronds of a nearly perfect corallum, from the Middle Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. CLADOPORA FIBRATA, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 2. Front lateral view of the reticulating fronds of a fragment, from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 57. i) KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 58. ' PLATE 58. CLADOPORA RADULA, Nov. Spee. ° Devonian. 1. (Upper specimen.) Front Lateral view of a corallum, pedicle want- ing, invested by Stromatopora texilis; from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. CLADOPORA ROBUSTA. Devonian. 2. Front lateral view (prostrate) of a frond from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. CLADOPORA AcuPIcTA, Nov. spec. Devonian. 3. (Lower specimen.) Fronds (inverted) partly imbedded in rock ma- trix. Projecting from the matrix, in the lower right corner, are the terminal branches of a frond of Favosites ramulosus. a a KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 6O. “PLATE 60. LATYAXUM (Nov. Gen.) TURGIDUM. Devonian. 1. 2. Fragments showing front lateral views, from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. PiatyaxuM (Nov. Gen.) FISCHERI. Devonian. 3. Fragment showing front lateral view, from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. PuatyaxumM (Nov. Gen.) CANADENSE. Devonian. 4. Front lateral view of fragment from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. 5. Rear lateral view of fragment from dark-red encrinal limestone clay of the Upper Devonian, near Louisville. Piatyaxum (Nov. Gen.) unDosum, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 6. Front lateral view of a fragment from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. The examples herein figured belong to the collection of the author. PATE Gtr ° CLADOPORA DISPANSA, Nov. Spec. Devonian. —s . Upper surface of a cymous corallum from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Lateral view of a cyme of unusual altitude, from the horizon and no neighborhood of example 1. 3. Under surface of a fragment of typical growth, from the horizon and vicinage of examples 1 and 2. PuatTyaxumM (Nov. Gen.) cortorpeuM, Nov. Spec. | Devonian. 4. Front lateral view (prostrate) of a portion of a frond from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. The inner walls of the corallets of the rear side are seen springing from the plane axis in the left lower corner of the specimen. These specimens belong to the private collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE Gi. i tt ae 7 sy a i aie ae = ‘ Py ’ -_ ¥ ‘A Oe, o KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 6&2. PLATE 62. CLADOPORA DISPANSA, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 1. Upper surface of a sub-cymous corallum from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. CLADOPORA CRASSA, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 2. Upper surface of a fragment of typical growth. 5. Upper surface of a specimen with corallets less erect than those of the preceding example. Both specimens from the Lower Devonian strata, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. “PLATE 63. CLADOPORA DENTATA, Noy. Spec. Devonian. 1. Front lateral view of a corallum from the Lower Devonian, Falls of — the Ohio. 2. Fragment of a frond from the ferruginous clay of the Lower Devo- | nian, near Louisville. a 3. Portion of a pedicle obtained in situ two feet above the horizon of example 1, Falls of the Ohio. f CLApoporaA RicTA, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 4. Rear view of a fragment showing fronds laterally jomed by approxi-— mation. . ! 5. Front lateral view of the base of an example. i, Both specimens gathered from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of _ the Ohio. Puatyaxum (Nov. Gen.) Fou1atum, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 6. Front lateral view of the lower half of a corallum from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. x DENDROPORA ORNATA. Devonian. 7. Side view of a corallum from the dark-red clay derived from the decomposition of the encrinal limestone of the Upper Devonian, - near Louisville. DENDROPORA PROBOSCIDALIS. ~ Devonian. 8. (Artificially attached, for convenient photographic delineation, to the — side of the Cyathophyllum imbedded in the rock matrix of GC. — Dentata, Fig. 1.) Frond from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the — Ohio. : The specimens figured in this plate belong to the collection of the — author, ; KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 6&3. w KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 64. “PLATE 64. CLADOPORA IOWENSIS. Devonian. 1. 2. 3. 4. Fragments from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. In Fig. 3 the specimen is inverted. Collection of the author. STRIATOPORA HURONENSIS. Magara. 5. Fragment from the Upper Niagara red clay, near Louisville. Col- lection of the author. 6. Front side view of an eroded specimen, showing mural pores and faint longitudinal strize, from the white clay of the Upper Niagara. Collection of Mr. McConathy. STRIATOPORA LINNEANA. Devonian. 7. Fragment (prostrate) from the Lower Devonian rocks two feet above the Niagara and Devonian passage-beds, near Louisville. Col- lection of the author. 8. Fragment (prostrate) from the ferruginous clay of the Lower Devo- nian, near Louisville. Occurring in a horizon eight feet above that of example 7. Collection of the author. STRIATOPORA ALBA, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 9. 10. 11. Portions of fronds from the red clay beds of the Middle Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of the author. CLADOPORA GRACILIS, Novy. Spec. Devonian. 12. 13. Fronds from the rotten chert of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Example 12 is artificially attached to the matrix of example 13. The latter fails to photograph satisfactorily because of its color, Collection of the author. ‘PLATE 65. DENDROPORA ELEGANTULA. Devonian. 1. Portion of a frond partly imbedded in its rock matrix, from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. DENDROPORA ALTERNANS. Devonian. 2. Fragment from the red clay of the eneriaal limestone of the Upper Devonian, near Louisville. DENDROPORA NEGLECTA. . Devonian. 3. 4. 5. Fragments from the horizon and vicinage of D. alternans. DENDROPORA ORNATA. Devonian. 6. Fragment from the red clay of the Middle Devonian, near Lonis- ville. DeENpDROPORA oscuLATA, Novy. Spee. Devonian. 7. 8. 9. Fragments from the horizon and vicinage of D. alternans. 10. Two fronds inosculating or joining by approximation; from the same place. 11. Portion of a basal expansion with parts of fronds intimately united from the horizon and neighborhood of the preceding specimens of the species. The examples herein figured belong to the collection of the author. 2 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 6&5. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 66. : PLATE 66. DENDROPORA OSCULATA, Nov. Spec. Devonian. Front lateral view of a portion of a corallum of great size, showing the base and the fronds disjunct and again anastomosing; from the upper strata of the Middle Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. Col- lection of the author. PLATE 67. HALYSITES CATENULATUS. Niagara. 1. Upper surface of a portion of a corallum, in which the corallets are of average size; from the white clay of the Upper Niagara, near Louisville. Collection of the author. 2. Upper surface of a fragment whose corallets are below the medium size; from the ferruginous clay of the: Upper Niagara, near Lou- isville. Collection of the author. : 3. Upper surface of a jejune corallum, from the horizon and neighbor- hood of example 2. Hatysites nexus, Nov. Spec. Niagara. Loa Oblique lateral view of a corallum from the Upper Niagara white clay, two feet below the Niagara and Devonian passage-beds, near Louisville. Collection of Mr. McConathy. 5. Upper surface of a divaricating chain, imbedded in its chert matrix; from the ferruginous clay of the Upper Niagara, just below the passage-beds above referred to, near Louisville. Collection of the — author. ; KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE G7. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 6&8. PLATE 68. SYRINGOPORA HISINGERI. Devonian. 1. Upper surface of a fragment from the ferruginous clay of the Lower Devonian, near Louisville. SYRINGOPORA STRAMINEA, Novy. Spec. — Devonian. 2. (Upper right specimen.) Lateral view of a fragment whose horizon is about one foot lower than the lowest stratum in which S. hisingeri is found; from the ferruginous clay of the Lower Devo- nian, near Louisville. SYRINGOPORA TABULATA. Devonian. 3. Lateral view and also an oblique view of the upper surface of a fragment from the red clay of the Middle Devonian, near Louis- ville. SYRINGOPORA BOUCHARDI. Devonian. 4. Under surface of a corallum whose appressed corallets indicate the form of the marine object to which the incipient community was attached; from the Middle Devonian red clay, near Louisville. 5. Upper surface of a corallum incrusting Cyathophyllum corniculum, from the upper rock strata of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. The specimens figured in this plate belong to the collection of the author. PLATE 69. SYRINGOPORA TUBIPOROIDES. Devonian. 1. Oblique view of the Upper surface of a corallum from the ferruginous clay of the Lower Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of the author. 2. Upper surface of a corallum from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of Mr. Gaines. 3. Basal expansion incrusting Favosites emmonsi, from the Lower De- vonian red clay, near Louisville. Collection of Mr. McConathy. SYRINGOPORA PERELEGANS. Devonian. 4. Oblique section of a corallum from the upper strata of the Lower Devonian group of rocks, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. 5. Variety (inverted) from the same locality as example 4, but whose horizon is a little higher, showing more widely separated corallets, and more remote processes of connection. Collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 6&9. ame 4 i ‘i 7 & * . Br : ray : a? 2 : 7 0 ea ; . , > ° KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 70. ORG ATEY 70: Drymopora (Nov. Gen.) FASCICULARIS. Magara and Devonian. 1. Lateral view (inverted) of a fragment from the Upper Niagara white clay, near Louisville. bo . Base of a corallum attached to Stromatopora concentrica; from the Upper Niagara red clay, near Louisville. 3. Portion of a corallum invested by Stromatopora, from the ferruginous clay of the Lower Devonian, near Louisville. 4. Portion of a corallum similarly inclosed, from the manganese lime- stone of the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. DRYMOPORA COMMENSALIS, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 5. Vertical section of a corallum growing in commensality with Stro- matopora texilis, as it is the habit of the species to do with some form of Stromatopora; most of the corallets appear larger than their proper size because of their investiture; from the manganese limestone of the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. 6. 7. Upper surfaces of coralla, the orifices of the corallets showing at the surfaces of the sarcodemes; from the ferruginous clay of the Lower Devonian, near Louisville. All from the collection of the author. / “PLATE 71. DRYMOPORA NOBILIS. ; Devon 1. Lateral view of a corallum from the Lower Devonian rocks of the Ohio. es 2. Upper surface of a corallum, from the same horizon and place. _ 3. Upper surface of a corallum of procumbent habit; from the si place. . ; . a 4, Basal corallets of a young community, attached to Cyathop halli; from the ferruginous clay of the Lower Devoni Louisville. Examples from the collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 71. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 72. PLATE 72. DRYMOPORA AULOPOROIDEA, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 2. 3. 4. Front lateral views of corallets of prolific habit. — 5. Lateral views of two inosculating coralla. 6. 10. 11. Coralla of biserial growth. 7. 8. Examples of quadriserial growth. 9. A triserial form. 12. Basal corallets of a jejune community, attached to the upper surface of a Chetetes. . Examples 1-11 are found in the encrinal limestone dark red clay of the Upper Devonian, near Louisville. Specimen 12 was gathered from the rotten chert of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. DryMopora FRUTECTOSA, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 13. Upper surface of a corallum composed of large corallets. 14. Upper surface of a corallum whose corallets are of medium size. 15. Under surface of a corallum. 16. Front lateral view of a corallum. All from the horizon and vicinage of D. auloporoidea, Figs. 1-11. DrYMOPORA INTERMEDIA. . Devonian. 17. Rear lateral view of corallets invested by Stromatopora granulata, from the Lower Devonian ferruginous clay, near Louisville. Specimen 1 belongs to the collection of Mr. Gaines. The other specimens herein figured are from the collection of the author. PLATE 73. AULOPORA EDITHANA. Devonian. 1. Corallum incrusting the dorsal valve of Strophomena hemispherieca, from the rotten hornstone of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. RoMINGERIA INCRUSTANS, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 2. Corallum, somewhat eroded, incrusting Cyathophyllum pocillum. 3. Under surface and lateral view of a corallum. 4. Upper surface of a corallum. From the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. =f TLOPORA PYGM@A, Nov. Spec. Niagara. 5. Corallum incrusting Thecia swindernana, from the Upper Niagara white clay, near Louisville. 6. Example incrusting Stromatopora concentrica, from the Upper Ni- agara red clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. AULOPORA CORNUTA. Devonian. r 7. Corallum incrusting interior and margin of calyx of Cyathophyllum corniculum, from the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Col- lection of the author. 8. Corallum incrusting fragment of Cyathophyllum scyphus, from the Upper Devonian dark red encrinal limestone clay, near Louis- ville. Collection of Mr. Gaines. AULOPORA CULMULA, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 9. Corallum incrusting a jejune frond of Favosites clausus, from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. Nicuousonia (Nov. Gen.) CANADENSIS. Devonian. 10. 11. Corallets incrusting a Fenestella, from the rotten chert of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. [The corals and bryozoa both being white, the photographic deline- ation of the former is unsatisfactory, although the examples are good. | AULOPORA PROCUMBENS, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 12. Corallets incrusting a species of Stromatopora, from the Lower Devonian ferruginous clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. 13. Corallets similarly incrusting Stromatopora, from the horizon and place of example 12. Collection of Mr. McConathy. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 73 . 7 ces \ : : i fr i KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 74. e PLATE 74. AULOPORA SERPENS. Devonian.~ 1. (Upper left-hand specimen.) Corallets incrusting under surface of Stromatopora texilis, from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. 2. Corallets incrusting a fragment of Favosites, from the Lower Devo- nian red clay, near Louisville. DRYMOPORA INTERMEDIA. Devonian. 3. View of the corallum figured in Plate 72. 4. Basal corallets attached to a fragment of Favosites canadensis, from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. RoMINGERIA INCRUSTANS, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 5. Corallets incrusting a frond of Cladopora cryptodens, from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. DiorycHopora (Nov. Gen.) TENUIS, Nov. Spec. Niagara. 6. Corallum (inverted) from the Upper Niagara white clay, near Lou- isville. DRYMOPORA FASCICULARIS. Devonian. 7. Fragment from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collected by Dr. Theiss. CLADOPORA FRANCISCI. Devonian. 8. Upper fronds of a corallum from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. The specimens herein figured are from the collection of the author. PLATE 75. RoMINGERIA VANNULA, Nov. Spec. Niagara. 1. Upper surface of corallets from the Upper Niagara white clay, near Louisville. Collection of Mr. Nettelroth. 2. Similar view of corallets from the same horizon and locality. Col- lection of Mr. Gaines. 5. Similar view of corallets attached to a Favosites, from a lower horizon of the sarhe group, near Louisville. Collection of the author. 3. Under surface of two inosculated cymes, from the Upper Niagara red clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. Romrinceria uva, Nov. Spec. Niagara and Devonian. 6. Basal corallets incrusting a Fenestella frond, from the rotten chert of the Middle Devonian, Falls-of the Ohio. Collection of the author. 7. Corallum from the Upper Niagara white clay stratum three feet below the passage-beds, near Louisville. Collection of the author. ROMINGERIA UMBELLIFERA. Devonian. 4. Upper surface of two cymes, from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. 8. Fragment showing verticillate sprouts, from the Lower Devonian red clay. Collection of Mr. Nettelroth. 9. Similar fragment from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. 10. 11. 12. Fragments from the horizon and place of example 9. Col- lection of the author. 13. Jejune corallets from the same place. Collection of the author. RoMINGERIA FASCICULATA, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 14. 15. 16. Lateral views of corallets from the decomposing chert of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. 18. Upper surface of corallets from the same place. Collection of the author. RoMINGERIA INCRUSTANS, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 17. Corallets incrusting Cladopora imbricata, from the Lower Devo- nian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author, se f KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 75. i , ae 2 ee ae = a KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 76. PLATE “76. RoMINGERIA UMBELLIFERA. Devonian. 1. Rear lateral view of verticillate umbels, showing spinulous inner- walls, from the Lower Devenian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. RoMINGERIA INCRUSTANS, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 2. Corallum incrusting Zaphrentis gregaria, from the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of Mr. Gaines. AULOPORA EDITHANA. Devonian. 3. Corallum attached to Favosites hemisphericus, from the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. SYRINGOPORA HISINGERI. Devonian. 4. Lateral view (inverted) of example figured in Plate 68, Fig. 1. SYRINGOPORA STRAMINEA, Nov. Spee. . Devonian. 5. Upper surface of corallum, from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. CLADOPORA DESQUAMATA, Noy. Spec. Devonian. 6. Corallum partly imbedded in matrix, from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. PLATE 77. CYATHOPHYLLUM HALLI. Devonian. 1. Left lateral view of corallum, from the blue clay of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. 2. Right lateral view of corallum, from which the epitheca is worn; from the Lower Devonian ferruginous clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 77. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 78. PLATE 78. AnTHOLITES (Nov. Gen.) spEctosus, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 1. View of the upper surface of a corallum, from the dark-red clay derived from the encrinal limestone of the Upper Devonian, near Louisville. ; 2. Sectional view of the same specimen, showing avitous corallets attached to a crinoid column. CYATHOPHYLLUM PuUSTULOsUM, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 3. Oblique front and right lateral view of a corallum of typical shape and size. 4. Calyx of a corallum. Found in the vicinage of the antholite, but in a horizon about a foot lower. : CYATHOPHYLLUM INSIGNE, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 5. View of the calyx of a corallum, found associated with the former species. CHONOPHYLLUM MULTIPLICATUM, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 6. View of the calyx of a corallum, from the Lower Devonian lime- stones, Falls of the Ohio. CYATHOPHYLLUM EXIGUUM. : Devonian. 7. View of the calyx of a huge corallum, from the Lower Devonian clay, near Louisville. ; CYATHOPHYLLUM GREENI, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 8. Rear lateral view of an adult corallum. 9. Left lateral view of a weathered example. 10. A jejune specimen. Cut from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. ‘ PLATE 78.—Continued. CYATHOPHYLLUM FLOs, Noy. Spec. Niagara and Devonian. 11. View of the calyx of a proliferous corallum, from the stratum of white clay seven feet below the Niagara and Devonian passage- beds, near Louisville. 12. Central view of a corallum of average size, from the same horizon and place. 13. View of the calyx of a small corallum, from the Lower Devonian clay, near Louisville. 14. View of the calyx of a large corallum, from the red clay of the Middle Devonian, near Louisville. ZAPHRENTIS GREENANA, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 15. Right lateral view of a medium-sized corallum. 16. View of the calyx of a corallum. From the Middle Devonian clay, near Louisville. ZAPHRENTIS ROMINGERI, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 17. View of the calyx of a corallum, from the red clay of the Middle Devonian, near Louisville. Nicwotsonta (Nov. Gen.) CANADENSIS. Devonian. 18. Corallets of continuous growth attached to a zaphrentis, from the blue clay of the Middle Devonian, near Louisville. NICHOLSONIA ADNATA, Noy. Spec. Devonian. 19. Corallets incrusting a zaphrentis and overrunning a portion of the less robust N. canadensis. The specimens figured in this plate belong to the collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 79. " PLATE 79. CYATHOPHYLLUM CORNICULUM. Devonian. 1. Left lateral view of corallum of uncommon altitude, from the Middle Devonian red clay, near Louisville. 2. 4. Left lateral views. 8. 5. Right lateral views. 6. Central view. 7. View of calyx. 8. View of gemmiferous calyx. The several coralla are from the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. CYATHOPHYLLUM JUVENE. Devonian. 9. Central view. 10. 11. Right lateral views. 12. View of calyx. The several coralla are from the dark-red encrinal limestone clay of the Upper Devonian, near Louisville. CYATHOPHYLLUM BREVICORNE, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 13. Apertural view. 14. Central view. 15. 16. Left lateral views. 17. 18. Views of calyces. The coralla are from the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Examples herein figured are from the collection of the author. PLATE 80. CYATHOPHYLLUM TORNATUM, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 1. Exterior apertural view of a corallum from the superior stratum of the encrinal limestone dark-red clay, near Louisville. CYATHOPHYLLUM JUVENE. Devonian. 2. Right lateral view of a young corallum. 6. View of the gemmiferous calyx of a corallum. 7. Apertural view of a corallum of more than average altitude. 8. Explanate calyx of a corallum of medium size. From the horizon and vicinage of examples figured in Plate 79. CYATHOPHYLLUM ETHELANUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 3. Lateral and apertural-gap view of corallum of slender, tortuous erowth. 5. Oblique anterior view of a corallum of medium size. Found from three to four feet below the shale which caps the Upper Devonian, near Louisville. CyYATHOPHYLLUM TRAUTHANUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 4, Right lateral view of a corallum of average size. Associated with C. ethelanum. CYSTIPHYLLUM CUYAGAENSE. Devonian. 9. Right lateral view of corallum with flattened apex. 10. View of the calyx of a corallum. Both examples from the Middle Devonian red clay, near Louisville. CHONOPHYLLUM NANUM, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 11. Left lateral view of a corallum of average size. 12. Similar view of a ccrallum of unsymmetrical growth above medium size. 13. View of the calyx of a small corallum. From the dark-red clay of the Upper Devonian encrinal limestone, near Louisville KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 80. ~ y - % i ’ : a ? ae | tee 0 uf 5} = ¢ PLATE 80.—Continued. CYATHOPHYLLUM GREENI, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 14. View of the calyx of a corallum, from the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. \ NICHOLSONIA CANADENSIS. Devonian. 15. Corallets attached to Stromatopora, from the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. NICHOLSONIA ANGULATA, Nov. Spee Devonian. 16. Corallum incrusting Stromatopora texilis, from the blue clay of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. CYATHOPHYLLUM MULTIGEMMATUM, Noy. Spee. Devonian. 17. View of confluent calyces of corallets, from the Middle Devonian waste, Marion county, Kentucky. ZAPHRENTIS IMMANIS, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 18. Central view and oblique view of calyces of twin coralla, from the Middle Devonian clay, near Louisville. The examples figured in this plate belong to the collection of the author. PLATE 81. CYATHOPHYLLUM pociLLuM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 1. Central view of a rapidly expanding corallum. Collection of Mr. McConathy. Central view of a corallum of typical size and shape. Collection bo of the author. 3. Calyx of a corallum. Collection of the author. 5. Corallum of gigantic dimensions, with oblique section of the calyx- wall, showing the sub-vesicular cellulose tissue of the interloculi. Collection of the author. Found in the red clay of the Middle Devonian, near Louisville. BiLorHRoPHYLLUM coriuM, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 4. Right lateral view of corallum, with apex flattened by attachment to an extraneous object, from the Middle Devonian red clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 8&1. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 8&2. a me ea “PLATE 82: CYATHOPHYLLUM FIMBRIATUM, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 1. Central view of a flexuous corallum, with epitheca denuded, from the blue clay of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. 2. Right lateral view of a weathered corallum, from the same horizon and place. 3. Calyx of a corallum; the figure also shows the margins of some of the inferior invaginated calyces; from the Middle Devonian red clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. CYATHOPHYLLUM INSIGNE, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 4. Right lateral view of a jejune corallum, with apical scar of attach- ment during growth. PLATE 83. CYATHOPHYLLUM MULTICRENA, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 1. Right lateral view of a corallum of slender habit, from the Middle Devonian red clay, near Louisville. 2. Left lateral view of a symmetrical corallum of average size, from the same horizon and neighborhood. 3. Right lateral view of a young corallum, from the blue clay of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. 4. Calyx of a corallum. Calyx of a very large corallum of which the circular elevated rim of the diaphragm has been fortuitously broken down. On Examples 4 and 5 are from the horizon and locality of example 3. CYATHOPHYLLUM cpIPUs, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 6. Left lateral view of a small corallum, from the Lower Devonian ferruginous clay, near Louisville. 7. Central view of a small corallum. 8. Left lateral view of a corallum of medium size. 9. Right lateral view of a corallum. Examples 7, 8, 9, are from the horizon and vicinage of example 6. CYATHOPHYLLUM FLos, Nov. Spec. Niagara. 10. Calyx view of a corallum from the Upper Niagara white clay, near Louisville. CYATHOPHYLLUM CORALLIFERUM. Devonian. 11. Calyces of corallets, varying in size, imbedded in Stromatopora, as is usual with the species; from the blue clay of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. CYATHOPHYLLUM PUMILUS, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 12. Left lateral view of a corallum slightly below medium size, with apical scar; from the Middle Devonian blue clay, Falls of the Ohio. CYATHOPHYLLUM WINCHELLI, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 13. Right lateral view of a corallum of average size, with small cir- cular apical sear. 14. Calyx of a corallum. From the Middle Devonian blue clay, Falls -of the Ohio. The examples figured in this Plate are from the collection of the author, ee KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 83. SpA S Bs Typ it f hi (dsagay “isnt ‘ : t @ vom ee se) i —__ -——s ~~ ° ==? i ee. Gaia ¢, gd * KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 384. “PLATE 84. CYATHOPHYLLUM cprPus, Nov. Spec. Devonian. Composite corallum, partly imbedded in rock matrix, from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. ‘PLATE 85. CYATHOPHYLLUM ROBUSTUM. Devonian. 1. Adult corallum: left lateral view. 2. Right lateral view of a corallum. 3. Calyx of a corallum, the linear edges of whose lamellz are broken rs down so as to show the cellulose inner walls. . Right lateral view of a young corallum. . (Central specimen.) View of calyx and central exterior of an un- symmetrical jejune corallum, with well-preserved acute lamellee but abnormally shaped diaphragm. The examples figured were cut from the Lower Teranion rocks, Falls of the Ohio. Example 4 is from the collection of Mr. Gaines; the others from the collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 8&5. - KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 86. PLATE 86. CYATHOPHYLLUM RADICULA. Niagara. 1. Left lateral view of large corallum, with the gem of an inferior ealyx still adherent, from the Upper Niagara white clay, near Louisville. Collection of Mr. Gaines. bo . 3. 4. Typically flexuous coralla: example 4 from the Upper Niagara red clay, the others from the slightly lower horizon of the white clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. Ou A sessile corallum, with calycinal gem, from the horizon and neigh- borhood of example 4. Collection of the author. (or) . Right lateral view of a stout sessile corallum, with inchoate root- like processes of attachment, common to most Niagara cyatho- phylloids; from the horizon and locality of example 4. Collec- tion of the author. CYATHOPHYLLUM TORNATUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 7. Left lateral view of a corallum from the inferior stratum of the dark-red encrinal-limestone clay of the Upper Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of the author. 8. Exterior view of a corallum, showing rounded apex and wrinkled epitheca, from the horizon and neighborhood of example 7. Collection of the author. 9. Calyx of a corallum, from the same horizon and place. Collection of the author. 10. 11. Left lateral views (prostrate) of unusually long and _ slender coralla, from the horizon and vicinage of the previous examples. Collection of the author. CYATHOPHYLLUM SCYPHUS. Devonian. 12. Right lateral view of a corallum of geniculated form. 13. Left lateral view of a corallum of medium size, with circular apical sear. 14. Calyx of a corallum, with gem. From the horizon and vicinage of C. tornatum, figured in this Plate. Collection of the author. ‘PLATE 87. CYATHOPHYLLUM MULTIGEMMATUM, Nov. Spee. . View of exterior apertural side of ancestral corall form is not a corallet of the community, but is ment. Cut from the Lower Devonian limestone, Collection of the author. yo ae [Nore—Turn the Plate so as to view it from the right side.] \ KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 87. i | KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 88. PLATE 88. CYATHOPHYLLUM MULTIGEMMATUM, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 1. View along the line of the apertural gap of the ancestral corallet ; right and left lateral views of its progeny. From the horizon and locality of the specimen figured in Plate 87. CYATHOPHYLLUM LIGATUM, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 2. Right and left lateral views of inosculating gems detached from the maternal corallum, with epitheca removed so as to show the con- cave interlocular dissepiments. From the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. . 4. Calyx of a corallum, with bell-shaped wall, from the ferruginous clay of the Lower Devonian, near Louisville. CYATHOPHYLLUM DETEXTUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 3. View of a corallum (prone), the lower half of which shows the exterior right lateral gap-line, and the upper half the exterior surface symmetrical with the line of the apertural gap. From the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. The specimens figured belong to the collection of the author. PLATE 89. DIPHYPHYLLUM VERNEUILANUM. Devonian. 1. Exterior lateral view of a corallum from the Middle Devonian red clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. CYATHOPHYLLUM MULTIGEMMATUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 2. Exterior lateral views of inosculated corallets accidentally broken from their parent, from the Middle Devonian waste of Marion county, Kentucky. Collection of Mr. Linney. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 89. V PD Aan Oe CYATHOPHYLLUM COLLIGATUM. 4 1. Under surface of a corallum from the ferruginous— clay ( Devonian, near Louisville. : 2. Upper surface of a corallum from aie’ same hori al hood. i Loe ay ieee ge Collection of the author. — yee oa KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 91. 5 7 5 as y R le i ; - " “N N is \ ¢ ‘ S ' KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 92. PLATE 92. CYATHOPHYLLUM COLLIGATUM. Devonian. 1. Vertical section of specimen Fig. 2, Plate 91. CYATHOPHYLLUM HALLI. Devonian. 2. Calyx of corallum Fig. 1, Plate 77. 3. Calyx of a corallum of medium size, bell-shaped, from the red clay of the Middle Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of the author. CYATHOPHYLLUM MULTIGEMMATUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. - 4, Three small inosculated gems fortuitously detached from the inferior corallet; from the Middle Devonian waste, Lincoln county, Ken- tucky. Collection of Mr. Linney. PLATE 93. CYATHOPHYLLUM OvoIDEUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 1. Upper surface of a corallum from the decomposed chert of the Middle Devonian, near Louisville. CYATHOPHYLLUM DAVIDSONI. Devonian. 2. Upper surface of a corallum from the rotten chert of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. CYATHOPHYLLUM RUGOSUM. Devonian. 3. Upper surface of a fragment showing cristate calyx-walls, from the Middle Devonian red clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 93. ee we ai Se 4 ——s i Fa | woe KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 94. ‘PLATE 94. ACROPHYLLUM ONEIDAENSE. Devonian. 1. (Oblique) anterior, or central-gap view of a corallum of average ~ size, with calyx wall broken so as to show the cone-shaped diaphragm; from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. 2. Right lateral view (prostrate) of a small corallum, more conical than the typical specimens. From the horizon and locality of the preceding example. ACROPHYLLUM ELLIPTICUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 3. Anterior, or central-gap view of a corallum, with wall removed. so as to show the bottom of the calyx; from the horizon and place of C. oneidaense. The specimens belong to the collection of the author. PLATE 95. AULACOPHYLLUM SULCATUM. Devonian. 1. Anterior, or central-gap view and view of the calyx of a corallum, from the Middle Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. 2. Left lateral view of a weathered corallum, from the Middle Devo- nian red clay, near Louisville. Oo Posterior, or apertural-gap view of a weathered corallum, from the Middle Devonian red clay, near Louisville. fNore.—The arrangement of the lamellze about the line of the apertural-gap may be observed.) AULACOPHYLLUM PARVUM, Noy. Spee. Devonian. 4. View of the central-gap line and of the calyx of a corallum, from the red clay of the Middle Devonian, near Louisville. AULACOPHYLLUM UNGULOIDEUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 5. View of central-gap line and of the calyx of a corallum of medium size, from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. [Norz.—In this specimen are conspicuously shown the four gaps proper to Cyathophylloids, and the consequent fascicular grouping of the lamellee.] 6. Similar view of a corallum, in which the central and lateral gaps are obscure, but showing the lamella occupying the center of the apertural-gap fovea. 7. Left lateral-gap view of a corallum (prone). This and example 6 are from the same horizon and place as example 5. [Norre.—The arrangement of the lamelle about the line of the left lateral gap is noticeable. ] 8. View of the calyx of a weathered corallum, from the Lower Devo- nian ferruginous clay, near Louisville. [Nore.—In this example some of the lamellee beyond the lateral gaps remain erect, and by their co-ineidental meeting have the appearance of continuous plications from opposite margins of the wall.] AULACOPHYLLUM INSIGNE. Devonian. 9. View of the central gap and of the calyx of a corallum, whose lamellee are fortuitously broken down in the calyx bottom. From the manganese limestone of the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Oinio. The examples are from the collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 95. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. | PLATE 96. ‘PLATE 96, AULACOPHYLLUM MUTABILE, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 1. Left lateral view of a weathered corallum. 2. View of central-gap side and posterior portion of the calyx of a corallum, indicating the formation of the calyx floor. 3. Right lateral view of a corallum with anterior wall broken down. 4. Posterior view of a corallum. 5. Oblique lateral view of a badly weathered corallum, whose lamellee were incrassated by the process of fossilization. 6. Front, or central-gap view of a corallum with anterior wall fortui- tously removed, showing the sub-cellulose structure of the wall. 7. View of the calyx of a corallum (prone), showing a secondary calyx of cystose structure. 8. Anterior view of a corallum in which the secondary calyx is lami- nated. Specimens 1-6 are found in the Middle Devonian red clay, near Louisville. z Specimens 7 and 8 are found in the Middle Devonian blue clay, Falls of the Ohio. The examples figured belong to the collection of the author. PLATE 97. BLOTHROPHYLLUM LIRATUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 1. Left lateral view of a weathered corallum, with epitheca denuded, showing the ridge along the line of the apertural gap; from the blue clay of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. AULACOPHYLLUM CONIGERUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 2. Calyx of a corallum from the dark-red clay derived from the encrinal limestone of the Upper Devonian, near Louisville. ACROPHYLLUM CLARKI, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 3. Right lateral view of a corallum of medium size, with flattened apex. 4. Left lateral view of a large corallum with flattened apex. 5. Posterior view of a corallum, with apex taking shape from the object to which the corallum attached im the early stages of erowth. 6. Posterior view of a corallum from which the epitheca has been removed by weathering. Examples 3-6 are from the horizon and vicinage of A. conigerum, Fig. 2. CYATHOPHYLLUM INFOVEATUM, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 7. View of the calyx and oblique anterior view of a corallum, from the Lower Devonian red clay, near Louisville. 8. Similar’ view of a corallam, from the Upper Devonian enerinal limestone dark-red clay, near Louisville. ZAPHRENTIS GALLICALCAR, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 9. Posterior view of a corallum of adult size. 10. Anterior view of a corallum. 11. Right lateral view of a corallum. 12. 13. Views of calyces of coralla. 14. Left lateral view of a young specimen. 15. Left lateral view of a jejune corallum of irregular growth. From the horizon and Vicinage of A. conigerum., KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 97. S Cy fr PLATE 97— Continued. ZAPHRENTIS CORNALBA, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 16. Left lateral view of an adult corallum. 17. View of the calyx and oblique anterior view of a corallum. From the horizon and vicinage of A. conigerum. ZAPHRENTIS NETTELROTHI, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 18. Left lateral view of an adult corallum. 19. View of the calyx of a corallum. Found in the vicinage and horizon of A. conigerum. AULOPORA PRECIUS. * Niagara. 20. Corallets incrusting an eroded fragment of Strombodes pentagonus, from the Upper Niagara red clay, near Louisville. CLADOPORA PROBOSCIDALIS, Nov. Spee. Niagara. 21. Front lateral view of frond partly imbedded in rock matrix, from the white clay strata of the Upper Niagara, near Louisville. CLADOPORA ALCICORNIS, Noy. Spec. Devonian. 22. Upper fronds of a corallum. 23. Front lateral view of a frond of typical form. From the horizon and vicinage of A. conigerum. CLADOPORA GULTELMI, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 24. Front lateral view of fronds partly imbedded in a fragment of decomposing encrinal limestone; from the horizon and neighbor- hood of A. conigerum. Witk the exception of example 4, which was collected by Mr. Gaines, the specimens figured in this Plate belong to the collec- tion of the author. / PLATE 98, SP BLoTHROPHYLLUM DECORTICATUM. 1. Lateral view of an adult corallum of average size and 2, Lateral view of the upper portion of a corallum in its rock matrix, with closely set explanate ri inating calyces; from the rocks of the Lower Dev near ‘Louisville. — Collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 98. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 99. PLATE 99. BLoTHROPYLLUM DECORTICATUM. Devonian. 1. View of the calyx of a corallum, with depressed floor. 2. View of the calyx of a corallum, without a diaphragm. 3. View of the calyx of a corallum, with the diaphragm as it com- monly appears. . From the horizon and vicinage of example Fig. 1, Plate 98. BLOTHROPHYLLUM SESSILE, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 4. View of the calyx of a corallum, from the blue clay of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. 5. Similar view of the calyx of a corallum, from the same horizon and place. BLOTHROPHYLLUM LOUISVILLENSE, Noy. Spec. Devonian. 6. View of the calyx and oblique anterior view of a corallum, from the horizon and locality of B. sessile, Figs. 4. and 5. BLoTHROPHYLLUM cCriNcTUTUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 7. View of the calyx of a corallum, from the Middle Devonian blue clay, Falls of the Ohio. 8. Right lateral view of a small corallum, from the same horizon and place. BLOTHROPHYLLUM APPROXIMATUM. Devonian. 9. Upper portion of a corallum, from the blue clay of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. BLOTHROPHYLLUM NIAGARENSE, Noy. Spec. | Niagara. 10. Lateral view of a flexuous corallum, from the Upper Niagara white clay stratum, ten feet below the Niagara and Devonian passage-beds, near Louisville. The specimens figured in this Plate are from the collection of the author. PLATE 100, BLoTHROPHYLLUM PARVULUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 1. 2. 3. Lateral views of adult coralla, from the Middle Devonian red clay, near Louisville. . BLoTHROPHYLLUM ciINcTUTUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 4, Lateral view of an adult corallum of flexuous form, from the blue clay of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. TNorr.—The apex and several inches of the lower part of the corallum are concealed from view by geniculation. } 5. Anterior view and oblique view of the calyx of the upper portion of a corallum, from the same horizon and locality. 6. Calyx of a corallum from the same horizon and locality. BLotHROPHYLLUM LOUISVILLENSE, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 7. Anterior, or central-gap view of the upper portion of a corallum. 8. View of the calyx of a corallum. Both from the blue clay beds of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. BLorHROPHYLLUM SESSILE, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 9. Left lateral view of the corallum figured in Plate 99, Fig. 4. 10. Left lateral view of a corallum from the same horizon and locality. 11. Central gap view of a corallum with small apical scar of attach- ment, from the Middle Devonian red clay, near Louisville. 12. View of the calyx of a corallum from the horizon and neighbor- hood of the preceding example. CysTIPHYLLUM PLICATUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 13. Posterior view of a corallum from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. [Introduced here for comparison with the Blothrophylla, to which it bears a superficial resemblance. ] BLoTHROPHYLLUM APPROXIMATUM. Devonian. 14. Lateral view of the upper portion of a corallum, from the Middle Devonian blue clay, Falls of the Ohio. 15. View of the calyx of a large corallum from the Middle Devonian red clay, near Louisville. Specimens figured in this plate are from the collection of the author, with the exception of Cystiphyllum plicatum, Fig. 18, which belongs to Mr. Gaines. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 100. Na oe , KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 101. PLATE 101. CYATHOPHYLLUM POCILLUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 1. Longitudinal section of a corallum, from the Upper Devonian red clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. = CALCEOLA PROTEUS, Nov. Spec. Niagara. 2. Inner surface of an operculum, from the Upper Niagara white clay beds, near Louisville. Collection of Dr. Knapp. CHONOPHYLLUM MAGNIFICUM. Devonian. 3. View of the ‘calyx of a corallum of medium size, from the man- ganese limestone rocks of the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. BLOTHROPHYLLUM LOUISVILLENSE, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 4. Left lateral view of a corallum, from the Middle Devonian blue clay, Falls of the Ohio. 5. Similar view of a corallum, from the same horizon and place. BLoTHROPHYLLUM cINcTUTUM, Nov. Spec. — Devonian. 6. Longitudinal section of a fragment, showing arrangement of the diaphragms, etc., from the locality and horizon of the preced- ing species of Blothrophyllum. Collection of Dr. Knapp. CYATHOPHYLLUM PUMILUS, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 7. View of the calyx of a corallum, from the red clay of the Middle Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of the author. BLoTHROPHYLLUM coriuUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 8. Left lateral view of a corallum, from the upper part of which the epitheca has been fortuitously denuded; from the Middle Devo- nian red clay, near Louisville. 11. Right lateral view of a corallum, from the Middle Devonian blue clay, Falls of the Ohio. 9. View of the calyx of a sessile corallum, from the horizon and neighborhood of example Fig. 8. The specimens are from the collection of the author. AULACOPHYLLUM PARVUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 10. View of the calyx and oblique anterior view of a corallum, with small apical scar; from the Middle Devonian blue clay, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. PLATE 102. BLOTHROPHYLLUM LIRATUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 1. View of the calyx of the corallum figured in Plate 97, Fig. 1. AULACOPHYLLUM CONIGERUM, Nov. Spec. 5 Devonian. 2. Left lateral view of a flexuous corallum, from the dark-red clay of the Upper Devonian encrinal limestone, near Louisville. 3. View of the calyx and oblique anterior view of a corallum (in- verted), from the same horizon and neighborhood. ACROPHYLLUM CLARKI, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 4. View of the calyx of corallum figured in Plate 97, Fig. 3. 5. View of the calyx of corallum in Fig. 4, Plate 97. View of the calyx of corallum in Fig. 5, Plate 97. . View of the calyx of corallum in Fig. 6, Plate 97. =~] ior) BLoTHROPHYLLUM ZAPHRENTIFORME, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 8. Left lateral view of a corallum of average size. 9. Similar view of a corallum. 10. Right lateral view of a corallum. 11. Left lateral view of a stout corallum. 12. Right lateral view of a corallum. 13. Right lateral view of a corallum, whose epitheca has been fortui- tously removed. 14. Right lateral view of a corallum of gigantic dimensions. 15. 16. Views of ecalyces of coralla (inverted). The examples of this species figured, with the exception of ex- ample 14, which is from Crab Orchard, are from the horizon and vicinage of Aulacophyllum conigerum. The specimens figured in this Plate belong to the collection of the author, —_ = _ a ot ee eer re KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 102. mks 1 ve ; S . 7 KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 103. “PLATE 103. NerreLroruia (Nov. Gen.) CRATERIFORME, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 1. View of the under surface of a sarcodeme. 2. Lateral view of a sarcodeme (inverted). From the encrinal limestone of the Upper Devonian, near Louis- ville. : [Nore.—This form does not belong to the Polypi, but to.the Protista. For this reason it is not described in the descriptive text of this work. It will be described in another work now in prepa- ration. ] HADROPHYLLUM D’ORBIGNYI. Devonian. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Views of calyces of coralla. 8. 9. 10. 11. Lateral views of coralla of varying form and size. From the red clay of the Middle Devonian, near Louisville. CHONOPHYLLUM MAGNIFICUM. Devonian. 12. Lateral view of a corallum, from the ferruginous clay of the Lower Devonian, near Louisville. 13. Lateral view of a corallum, with epitheca denuded, from the man- ganese limestone of the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. 14. View of a portion of the calyx of a well preserved fragment, from the horizon and neighborhood of example in Fig. 12. With the exception of example 14, which belongs to Mr. McCon- athy, the specimens herein figured are from the collection of the author. we PLATE 104. CYATHAXONIA GAINESI, Nov. Spee. Niagara. 1. View of the calyx of a corallum. 2. Anterior view of a young corallum. 3. Left lateral view of a corallum. e 4. Right lateral view of a corallum. 5. Posterior view of a corallum. 6. Anterior view of a corallum. From the lowest strata of the Niagara period, near Louisville. PrycHOPHYLLUM IPpoma@a, Nov. Spec. Niagara. 7. (Upper left specimen.) Under surface of a corallum, from the Upper Niagara white clay, near Louisville. OMPHYMA VERRUCOSA. Niagara. 8. (Central specimen.) Right lateral view of a corallum, from the Upper Niagara ferruginous clay, near Louisville. 9. (Right central specimen.) Right lateral view of a corallum, from the white clay beds of the Upper Niagara, near Louisville. 10. Posterior view of a corallum, with part of the calyx wall broken off. 11. Anterior view of a large corallum, with partially denuded epitheca. Examples 10 and 11 are from the horizon and vicinage of exam- ple 8. All the specimens are from the collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 104. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 105. PLATE 105. PTYCHOPHYLLUM STOKESI. Niagara. 1. Left lateral view of a corallum of average size. 2. (Upper central specimen.) View of the calyx of a corallum. 3. (Central Specimen.) Posterior view of a corallum attached by its radicels to an extraneous object. 4. (Left central specimen.) Lateral view of coralla mutually attached. 5. View of the calyces of three inosculated coralla. 6. (Left upper specimen.) View of a proliferous corallum. 7. View of the calyx of a corallum, invaginated within the inferior calyx. All from the red clay of the Upper Niagara, near Louisville. Example 5 from the collection of Mr. McConathy; example 6 from the collection of Mr. Nettelroth; the others from the collection of the author. PTYCHOPHYLLUM INVAGINATUM, Nov. Spec. Niagara. 8. Right lateral view of a corallum, from the red clay of the Upper Niagara, one foot below the Niagara and Devonian passage- beds, near Louisville. Collection of the author. PrycHOPHYLLUM I1poma@a, Nov. Spec. Niagara. 9. View of the calyx of the corallum figured in Plate 104, Fig. 7. 10. (Lower central specimen.) Oblique right lateral view of a young gemmiferous corallum, from the Upper Niagara red clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. OMPHYMA VERRUCOSA. ary Niagara. 11. View of the calyx of a corallum, from the Upper Niagara white clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. PLATE 106. PrycHoPHYLLUM TROPEUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 1. (Lower right specimen.) Anterior view of a corallum of average size. 2. (Lower central specimen.) Posterior view of a corallum. 3. View of the calyx of a large corallum. From the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. PryCHOPHYLLUM DIAPHRAGMA, Noy. Spec. Devonian. 4, (Lower left specimen.) Left lateral view of an adult corallum. 5. View of the calyx of a corallum, with portion of the right wall fortuitously broken. From the horizon and vicinage of the preceding species. PrycHopHyLLuM TypicuM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 6. Right lateral view of a corallum, from the Middle Devonian clay of Lincoln county. . View of the calyx of a corallum, from the blue clay of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. PTYCHOPHYLLUM CONIFERUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 8. (Right of center.) Right lateral view of a corallum, from the Lower Devonian clay of Lincoln county. 9. (eft of center.) Posterior view of a corallum, from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. 10. Right lateral view of a corallum. 11. (Upper central specimen.) Right lateral view of a coral with ealyx wall broken down so as to show the sub-vesicular cen- tral cone. Examples 10 and 11 are from the horizon and vicinage of exam- ple 9. The specimens figured in the Plate are from the collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 106. ohn aie KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 107. “PLATE 107. ERIDOPHYLLUM ERUCIFORME, Nov. Spee. Niagara. Front lateral view of corallets, from the Upper Niagara red clay near Louisville. Collection of the author. PLATE 108. ERIOPHYLLUM SENTUM, Novy: Spec. Niagara. 1. Upper surface view of a corallum, from the Upper Niagara red clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. - DIPHYPHYLLUM BELLIS, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 2. Upper surface view of a corallum, from the Middle Devonian red clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. DIpHYPHYLLUM ARCHIACI. Devonian. 3. Lateral view of a corallum, from the dark-red clay derived from the encrinal limestone of the Upper Devonian, near Louisville. Collected by Mr. Goodwin. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 108. — ~ er = KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 109. PLATE 109. ERIDOPHYLLUM RUGOSUM. Niagara. 1. Rear lateral view of corallets (prostrate), from the red clay of the Upper Niagara, near Louisville. [Jejune example. | ERIOPHYLLUM HURONICUM. Niagara. 2. Front lateral view of a fragment, from the horizon and neighbor- hood of E. rugosum, Fig. 1. ERIDOPHYLLUM pivipuUM, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 3. View of the upper surface of a composite corallum, partly imbed- ded in chert, from the red clay of the Upper Niagara, near Louisville. 4. Lateral view of a composite corallum, from the white clay of the Upper Niagara, near Louisville. 5. Lateral view of a composite corallum, from the red clay of the Upper Niagara, near Louisville. Collection of Mr. Nettelroth. 6. Lateral view of two corallets detached from their parent, showing connective processes; from the Upper Niagara red clay, near Louisville. =I Right lateral view of a corallum, from the Upper Niagara white clay, near Louisville. 8. Left lateral view of a corallum, from the Upper Niagara red clay, near Louisville. 9. Right lateral view of a small corallum. 10. View of the calyx of a corallum. 11. Lateral view of a small gemmiferous corallum. 12. View of the calyx of the parent corallet, with gems adherent. The last four specimens are from the Upper Niagara red clay, near Louisville. With the exception of specimen 5, the examples figured in this Plate belong to the collection of the author. ERIDOPHYLLUM RUGOSUM. _—_ Oblique sectional view of corallets (pro ( Upper Niagara, near Louisville. ‘Collection of the author. , be . x Ne = - :] , 5 J Ss - a > - ade ' t 2 R < = ‘ rece ~*~ PLATE 110, KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 110. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 111. PLATE 111. ERIDOPHYLLUM HURONICUM. Portion of longitudinal section through corallum, from the stratum of white clay of the Upper Niagara, ten feet below the Niagara and Devonian passage-beds, near Louisville. Collection of the author. (PLATE 112. ERIDOPHYLLUM SIMCOENSE. Devonian. 1. Lateral view of corallets, from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. ERIDOPHYLLUM ARUNDINACEUM. Devonian. 2. Lateral view of corallets, partly imbedded in rock matrix, from the Lower Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. DIPHYPHYLLUM ARCHIACI. Devonian. 3. View of the upper surface of a corallum, whose corallets are above the average size; from the dark-red encrinal-limestone clay of the Upper Devonian, near Louisville. These specimens are from the collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 112. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 113. ‘PLATE 113. DIPHYPHYLLUM ARCHIACI. Devonian. 1. Lateral view of specimen figured in Plate 112, Fig. 3. DIrPHYPHYLLUM VERNEUILANUM. Devonian. 2. Lateral view of a fragment, from the Middle Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of Dr. Knapp. CYATHOPHYLLUM DAVIDSONI. Devonian. 3. View of the upper surface of a corallum, from the Middle Devo- nian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. \ PLATE 114. DrewyenyLium STRICTUM. View of the upper surface of a corallum, from, the nian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. = 8 = oes 1D anes = \ i Liye ' a ‘ KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 114. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 115. VA PLATE 115. DIPHYPHYLLUM GIGAS. Devonian. 1. Lateral view of a weathered corallum, from the Middle Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. 2. View of the upper surface of a fragment, from the Middle Devo- nian red clay, near Louisville. DIPHYPHYLLUM PANICUM. Devonian. 3. 4. View of the upper surfaces of small coralla, from the Middle Devonian red clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. PLATE 116. DipHYPHYLLUM consuNcTUM, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 1. View of the upper surface of a corallum, from the Middle Devo- nian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. 2. View of the upper surface of a corallum, showing the up-springing of young corallets from the floors of the polygonally compressed older calyces; from the ferruginous clay of the upper strata of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. 3. Vertical section of a fragment, from the horizon and locality of the preeeding specimen. DIpHYPHYLLUM BELLIS, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 4. Oblique view of the upper surface of a corallum, from the upper rock strata of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 116. ei say ex Crass KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 117. JelbvaiM a, JUL DIPHYPHYLLUM COALESCENS, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 1. View of the upper surface of a corallum, from the upper rock strata of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. DIPHYPHYLLUM COAGULATUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 2. View of the upper surface of a corallum, from the horizon and neighborhood of the preceding species. Collection of the author. PLATE 118. PHILLIPSASTREA GIGAS. Devonian. 1. View of the upper surface of a fragment, from the Middle Devo- nian waste of Marion county. Collection of the author. 2. View of the upper surface of a fragment, from the Middle Devo- nian red clay, near Louisville. Collection of Mr. McConathy. PHILLIPSASTREA INGENS, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 3. View of the upper surface of a fragment, showing the upraised rounded rims between the central pits and the perimeters of the explanate calyces; from the Middle Devonian waste of Marion county. Collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 118. ws res + Aye eee rte es Plagne S's oe Oe ae has ana KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 119. “PLATE 119. PHILLIPSASTREA INGENS, Nov. Spec. Devonian. View of the upper surface of a corallum, from the Middle Devo- nian waste of Marion county. Collection of the author. [Norr.—In the right upper corner are seen twin corallets. These spring from the margin of the inferior calyx.] PLATE 120. SrrompopeEs KNoTTI, Nov. Spec. Devonian. Ik, bo On View of the upper surface of a fragment, from the Lower Devo- nian clay of Marion county. Collection of Mr. Knott. . View of the upper surface of a fragment, showing somewhat larger central pits. . View of the upper surface of a fragment. fo) . View of the under surface of a fragment. . View of the under surface of a fragment, with a part of the epitheca fortuitously stripped so as to show the terete apical part of a corallet. Specimens 2, 3, 4, 5, are from the horizon and vicinage of example 1. Collection of the author. . View of the upper surface of a moderately well preserved example, with extra-sized central pits and calyx walls better defined than is common. From the horizon and neighborhood of the other specimens. Col- lection of Mr. Linney. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 120. Rie in ahs Be hes Seep tina KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 121. ‘PLATE 121. STROMBODES STRIATUS. Niagara. 1. View of the upper surface of a weathered corallum, from the ferru- ginous clay of the Upper Niagara, near Louisville. Collection of the author. STROMBODES PENTAGONUS. Niagara. 2. View of the upper surface of a fragment, from the white clay of the Upper Niagara, near Louisville. Collection of the author. 3. View of the upper surface of a corallum, from the red clay of the passage-beds between the Niagara and Devonian rocks, near Louisville. Collection of the author. STROMBODES SINEMURUS, Nov. Spec. Niagara. 4, View of the upper surface of a corallum, from the horizon and neigh- borhood of 8S. pentagonus, Fig. 2. Collection of Mr. McConathy. “PLATE 122. STROMBODES STRIATUS. Niagara. 1. View of the upper surface of a corallum, from the Upper Niagara white clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. 2. View of a vertical section of a weathered corallum, from the Upper Niagara red clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. STROMBODES QUADRANGULARIS, Noy. Spec. Miagara. 3. View of the upper surface of a corallum, from the lower strata of the Upper Niagara red clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. STROMBODES uUNIcUS, Nov. Spec. Niagara. 5. Lateral view of a corallum, from the Upper Niagara red clay, near Louisville. Collection of Mr. Nettelroth. STROMBODES SINEMURUS, Nov. Spec. Niagara. 4. View of the upper surface of a corallum, from the Upper Niagara white clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. 6. View of the upper surface of a corallum, from the red clay of the Upper Niagara, near Louisville. Collection of Mr. Nettelroth, KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 122. 7 Variceal? \AUMAL 4h) . KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 123. PLATE 1238. STROMBODES PYGMCUS. Niagara. 1. View of the upper surface of a corallum, from the white clay of the Upper Niagara, near Louisville. Collection of the author. STROMBODES INCERTUS, Nov. Spec. Niagara. 2. View of the upper surface of a corallum, from the Upper Niagara red clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. STROMBODES SINEMURUS, Nov. Spec. Niagara. 3. View of the upper surface of a corallum, from the Upper Niagara red clay, near Louisville. Collection of Mr. McConathy. STROMBODES MAMILLARIS. Niagara. 4. View of the upper surface of a small corallum, from the Upper Niagara red clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. PLATE 124. CYSTIPHYLLUM NIAGARENSE. Niagara. 1. Left lateral view of an adult corallum. 2. Anterior view of a gemmiferous corallum. 3. Anterior view of a small corallum. Examples 1, 2, 3, are from the Upper Niagara red clay, near Louisville. 4, View of the calyx and oblique anterior view of a small corallum. 5. View of the calyx of an adult corallum, in which three of the four foveal gaps proper to Cyathophylloidea are conspicuous. Specimens 4 and 5 are from the white clay of the Upper Niagara, — near Louisville. CYsTIPHYLLUM INcURVUM, Nov. Spec. Niagara. 6. Left lateral view of a small corallum, with denuded epitheca, from the Upper Niagara white clay, near Louisville. 7. Posterior view of an adult corallum, from the Upper Niagara red clay, near Louisville. Collection of Mr. McConathy. 8. Anterior view of a corallum, from the horizon and neighborhood of the preceding example. From the collection of Mr. McConathy. CYSTIPHYLLUM AMERICANUM. Devonian. 9. Posterior view of a corallum of robust habit, with warped apical scar of attachment; from the encrinal limestone clay of the Upper Devonian, near Louisville. 10. Right lateral view of a corallum, from the Lower Devonian ee Falls of the Ohio. 11. Right lateral view of a corallum, from the blue clay of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. The specimens figured in this Plate, with the exception of Figs. 7 and 8, belong to the collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 124. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 125. PLATE 125. CYSTIPHYLLUM SULCATUM. Devonian. 1. Left lateral view of a symmetrical adult corallum. . 2. Left lateral view of a slender corallum. 3. View of the calyx of a corallum similar to example 1. From the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. CYSTIPHYLLUM SQUAMOSUM. Devonian. 4. Posterior view (prone) of a corallum, from the Middle Devonian red clay, near Louisville. 5. Right lateral view of a weathered corallum of unusual altitude ; from the horizon and neighborhood of the preceding specimen. 6. View of the calyx of a corallum, from the blue clay of the Mid- dle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. CyYsTIPHYLLUM NETTELROTHI, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 7. Right lateral view of a corallum. 9. Posterior view (prone) of a corallum. 8. View of the calyx of a corallum, whose radial lamellee are some- what obscured by siliceous deposition in annular dots. From the ferruginous clay of the Lower Devonian, near Louisville. CYSTIPHYLLUM CICATRICIFERUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 10. Posterior view of a-corallum, from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. ; 11. View of the calyx of a corallum of sessile growth, whose circular apical scar has the dimensions of the calyx; from the encrinal limestone clay of the Upper Devonian, near Louisville. CYSTIPHYLLUM OHIOENSE. Devonian. 12. Left lateral view of a corallum. 13. Posterior view of a corallum. From the red clay strata derived from the encrinal limestone of the Upper Devonian, near Louisville. The specimens herein figured belong to the collection of the author, 10 “PLATE 126, CYSTIPHYLLUM GRANDE. Devonian. 1. Anterior view of an adult corallum, with a portion of the wall removed, so as to show the delicately laminated calyx wall and the floor; from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. CysTIPHYLLUM LimBaTuM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 2. Left lateral view of the upper part of a corallum, from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. : Collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 126. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 127. OG “PLATE 127. LLUM HIsPIDUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. lateral view of a corallum (prone), from the Lower Devonian. iy = ks, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. “ PLATE 128. CysTIPHYLLUM LINEATUM, Nov. Spec. Niagara and Devonian. 1. Left lateral view of a corallum, from the ferruginous clay of the Lower Devonian, near Louisville. . Right lateral view of an adult corallum, from the Upper Niagara bo red clay, near Louisville. . Exterior view of a corallum, from the passage-beds between the Oo Niagara and Devonian formations, near Louisville. 4. View of the calyx of a large corallum, from the horizon and neighborhood of specimen 1. CYSTIPHYLLUM PLICATUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 5..6. 7. Right lateral views of small coralla, with apical scars of attachment. 8. Anterior view of a corallum, with apical scar. From the blue clay of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. CyYsTIPHYLLUM EDWINANUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 9. View of the calyx of a gemmiferous corallum. From the Middle Devonian red clay, near Louisville. CysTIPHYLLUM TUMIDOSUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 10. View of the calyx of a corallum of average size. From the horizon and locality of C. edwinanum. CYSTIPHYLLUM THEISSI, Noy. Spec. Devonian. 11. Posterior view of an adult corallum. 12. Left lateral view of a corallum. 13. Anterior view of a gemmiferous corallum. 14. View of the calyx of a corallum. From the blue clay of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. The specimens figured in this Plate are from the collection of the author, KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 128. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 129. “PLATE 129. CyYsTIPHYLLUM HIspipUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 1. View of the calyx of the corallum, figured in Plate 127. CYSTIPHYLLUM VESICULOSUM. Devonian. 2. Left lateral view of a corallum, from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. CYsTIPHYLLUM PLIcATUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 3. Left lateral view of a large corallum, from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. ' PLATE 130. ZAPHRENTIS TRIGEMMA, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 1. Left lateral view of a portion of a corallum, partly imbedded in the rock matrix. 2. Anterior view of the superior portion of a corallum. From the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. ZAPHRENTIS NODULOSA. Devonian. 3. Anterior view of a large corallum, with a portion of the rock matrix attached; from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. CYSTIPHYLLUM PLIcATUM, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 4, Posterior view of a corallum, with epitheca denuded, and the successively invaginating calyx-wall margins fortuitously worn off, showing the radial lamellee. 5. View of the calyx of a corallum. From the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. CysTIPHYLLUM os, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 6. 7. Lateral views of coralla, with spreading apices, from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. CYATHOPHYLLUM GREENI, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 8. Left lateral view of an adult a jejune corallum. 9. Right lateral view of the upper portion of a jejune corallum, From the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. The examples figured in the Plate are from the collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 130. 7) 4 v oe ey mewn ei" .| ; KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 131. PLATE 131. CaLcEoLa pRoTEUS, Noy. Spee. Niagara. 1. Anterior view of a proliferous corallum, from the Upper Niagara white clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. 2. View of portions of some corallets partly imbedded in rock matrix ; from the Upper Niagara strata, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of Mr. Nettelroth. 3. Posterior view of a large corallum, from the white clay of the Upper Niagara, near Louisville. Collection of Mr. Nettelroth. 4. Posterior view of a corallum of average size, from the red clay of the Upper Niagara, near Louisville. Collection of the author. 5. View of the calyx and oblique anterior view of a corallum, from the horizon and neighborhood of example 4. Collection of the author. 6. View of the calyx and oblique posterior view of a corallum, from the locality of specimen 5. 8. 9. Oblique views (8 inverted) of small coralla, from the Upper Niagara white clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. 7. Oblique view of a corallum, whose calyx is closed by an opercu- lum; from the white clay of the Upper Niagara, near Louisville. Collection of Mr. Nettelroth. 14. 15. 16. Oblique views of coralla, with calyces closed by opercula; from the horizon and vicinage of specimen 7. Collection of the author. 13. View of the exterior surface of the operculum of a corallum of average size; from the horizon and neighborhood of example 7. Collection of Mr. Nettelroth. 17. View of the operculum of a small corallum from the same place. Collection of the author. 10. View of a gem detached from its parent. 11. Posterior view of a gemmiferous corallum. 12. Posterior view of a fortuitously detached gem. Specimens 10, 11, 12, are from the Upper Niagara red clay strata, near Louisville. Collection of the author. ENore.—In Fig. 18 an oblique posterior view of a corallum of Calceola sandolina, an European form said to be from the Devonian strata of the Eifel, closed by an operculum, is here presented for com- parison with our Niagara species.] PLATE 182. ZAPHRENTIS CORNICULUM. Hudson River Group. 1. Left lateral view of an adult corallum, from the Hudson River Group of the Lower Silurian formation, near Milton. 2. Oblique view of the calyces of two small inosculated coralla from the same place. 3. View of the calyx of a small corallum from the same place. ZAPHRENTIS SPONGIAXIS. Niagara. 4. Right lateral view of a corallum, from the white clay of the Upper Niagara, near Louisville. 5. Lateral view of a corallum, with part of the calyx wall removed, so as to show the spongiose central cone; from the red clay of the Upper Niagara, near Louisville. 6. View of the calyx, with walls fortuitously removed, and oblique anterior view of a corallum, from the horizon and neighborhood of specimen 4. Collection of Mr. Gaines. ZAPHRENTIS UNICA, Nov. Spee. Niagara. 7. Left lateral view of a corallum, from the red clay strata of the Upper Niagara, near Louisville. 8. Similar view of a geniculated corallum, from the white clay beds of the Upper Niagara, near Louisville. 9. Right lateral view of a corallum. 10. Posterior view of a corallum. Specimens 9 and 10 from the horizon and vicinage of example 8. ’ ZAPHRENTIS RADICANS. Magara. 11. Anterior view of a corallum, with apex broken off, from the Upper Niagara red clay, near Louisville. 12. Left lateral view of a corallum, with anterior calyx wall fortuitously removed, from the Upper Niagara red clay, near Louisville. 13. Posterior view of a young corallum, from the horizon and vicinity of specimen 11. AMPLEXUS SHUMARDI. Niagara. 14. Fragments of two coralla, partly imbedded in chert matrix, from the Upper Niagara red clay, near Louisville. The specimens figured in this Plate, with the exception of 6, belong to the collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 132. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 138. PLATE 133. ZAPHRENTIS SCUTELLA, Nov. Spee. Niagara. ‘ 1. Left lateral view of a corallum, with calyx filled with rock, from the Upper Niagara, near Louisville. Collection of the author. 2. Similar view of a weathered corallum, from the Upper Niagara red clay, near Louisville. 3. View of the exterior of a corallum, from the Upper Niagara white clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. ZAPHRENTIS PATULA. Niagara. 4. Right lateral view of a corallum, from the lower strata of the Niagara period, near Brunerstown, Jefferson county. Collection of the author. 5. View of the calyx of a corallum. 6. Oblique views of inosculated coralla. Examples 5 and 6 from the locality of specimen 4. Collection of the author. ZAPHRENTIS SOCIALIS, Nov. Spec. Magara. 7. Right lateral view of a corallum. 8. 9. Views of the calyces of coralla. From the horizon and vicinage of Z. patula. Collection of the author. ZAPHRENTIS PATENS, Nov. Spec. Niagara. 10. Left lateral view of a corallum. 11. View of the calyx of a corallum. Both from the horizon and vicinage of Z. Pane and Z. socialis. Collection of the author. ZAPHRENTIS CONULUS. Magara. . 12. Right lateral view of a corallum. 13. Posterior view of a corallum. 14. View of the calyx of a corallum. From the Upper Niagara ferruginous clay, near Louisville. Col- lection of the author, PLATE 133—Continued. ZAPHRENTIS OBLIQUA, Nov. Spec. Niagara. 15. Left lateral view of a corallum. 1 17. View of the calyx of a corallum. —_ 3. Posterior view of a corallum. From the horizon and vicinage of Z. conulus. Collection of the author. CYATHOPHYLLUM EXIGUUM. Devonian. 18. View of the calyx of a large corallum, from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of Mr. McConathy. 19. View of the calyx of a corallum of average size, from the horizon and locality of example 18. Collection of the author. 20. Posterior view of a corallum. 21. Right lateral view of a corallum. 22. View of the calyx of a corallum. [Nore.—In example 22 the lamelle from the inner rim to the outer rim of the calyx wall seem to be faintly carinated. Other examples are so obscurely carinated as to superficially resemble Zaphrentis, with which genus they have been classed by Rominger.] Specimens 20, 21, 22, are from the ferruginous clay of the Lower Devonian, near Louisville. Collection of the author. CYATHOPHYLLUM EXIGUUM, varietas ELONGATUM, Nov. Var. Devonian. 23. Left lateral view of a robust corallum, from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. — 24. View of the calyx and oblique anterior view of a corallum, from the Lower Devonian ferruginous clay, near Louisville. Collection of the author. ZAPHRENTIS REYNOLDSI, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 25. Anterior view of a corallum. Collection of the author. 26. Left lateral view of a corallum. Collection of Mr. Nettelroth. 27. View of the calyx of a corallum. Collection of Mr. Nettelroth. From the ferruginous clay of the Lower Devonian, near Louisville. ZAPHRENTIS LINNEYI, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 28. Posterior view of a corallum. Collection of. the author. 29, Left lateral view of a corallum. Collection of the author. PLATE 133—Continued. 30. Anterior view of a large corallum. Collection of Mr. Nettelroth. 3l. View of the calyx of a corallum. Collection of the author. From the ferruginous clay of the Lower Devonian, near Louisville. \ ZAPHRENTIS UNGULA. Devonian. 32. Posterior view of a corallum, from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. 33. Left lateral view of a corallum, from the same place. 34. Anterior view of a slender corallum of unusual altitude, with lami- nated structure obscured by the deposition of silica in annular dots during fossilization; from the ferruginous clay of the Lower Devonian, near Louisville. 35. View of the calyx of a corallum, from the horizon and neighbor- hood of the preceding specimen. Collection of the author. PLATE 134. ZAPHRENTIS CONIGERA. Devonian. 1. Left lateral view of a corallum. 2. Right lateral view of a corallum. Both from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. ZAPHRENTIS COMPRESSA. Devonian. 3. Posterior view of a corallum, from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. ZAPHRENTIS EXPLANATA, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 4. Anterior view of an elongated conical corallum of medium size. 5. Left lateral view of a corniform corallum. _ 6. View of the calyx and oblique anterior view of a corailum of common form. From the dark-red clay derived from the decomposition of the encrinal limestone of the Upper Devonian, near Louisville. ZAPHRENTIS EXILIS, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 7. Posterior view of a corallum. 8. Anterior view of a corallum. From the blue clay of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. ZAPHRENTIS TORQUATA, Nov. Spee. Devonian. 9. 10. Lateral views of coralla. 11. View of the calyx of a corallum. From the red clay of the Middle Devonian, near Louisville. ZAPHRENTIS NODULOSA. Devonian. 12. Left lateral view of a corallum, from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. 13. Left lateral view of the lower portion of a corallum, from the ferruginous clay of the Lower Devonian, near Louisville. The examples figured in this Plate belong to the collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 134. ri tsk Ms % = rane KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 135. i x a ee fr. gee 3 PLATE 135. ZAPHRENTIS PROLIFICA. Devonian. 1. Left lateral view of a corallum, from the Middle Devonian red clay, near Louisville. ZAPHRENTIS RAFINESQUI. Devonian. 2. Lateral view of a flexuous adult corallum. 3. Left lateral view of a corallum. Right lateral view of a corallum of medium size. 5. Left lateral view of a young corallum, with radiciform processes of attachment. 6. Posterior oblique view of a corallum, with radiciform processes of attachment. From the blue clay of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. ZAPHRENTIS YANDELLI. Devonian. 7. Right lateral view of an adult corallum. 8. Right lateral view of a corallum. Examples 7 and 8 are from the blue clay of the Middle Devonian, Falls of the Ohio. 9. Right lateral view of a fragment, with a portion of the wall re- moved, so as to show the lamelle and the diaphragm of the calyx, and the siphuncular fovea connecting the calyx with the interior cavity; from the red clay of the Middle Devonian, near Louisville. ZAPHRENTIS ROMINGERI, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 10. Posterior view of an adult corallum, from the Middle Devonian blue clay, Falls of the Ohio. The specimens figured in the Plate are from the collection of the author. “PLATE 136. ZAPHRENTIS MACONATHI, Nov. Spec. Devonian. 1. Right lateral view of a corallum of medium size, from the blue clay of the Middle Devonian rocks, Falls of the -Ohio. 2. Left lateral view of a corallum, from the same horizon and locality. 3. Anterior view of the upper part of a corallum of gigantic dimen- sions, with wall broken down, so as to show the radial lamellee and the smooth plane diaphragm of the calyx; from the Lower Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. 4. Right lateral view of a young corallum, from the Middle Devonian red clay, near Louisville. The specimens figured in the Plate belong to the collection of the author, KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 136. Hm OC bo He PLATE 138. . View of the calyx of Zaphrentis gigantea. . View of the calyx of Zaphrentis immanis. . View of the calyx of the Amplexus shumardi in Plate 132, Fig. 14. . View of the calyx of Zaphrentis compressa, with anterior wall partly broken. . View of the calyx of the Zaphrentis linneyi in Plate 133, Fig. 30. . View of the calyx of the 2») urentis ungula in Plate 133, Fig. 32. . View of the calyx (anterior wall removed) of the Zaphrentis nod- ulosa in Plate 134, Fig. 12. . View of the calyx of an adult corallum of Zaphrentis corniculum. . View of the calyx of the Zaphrentis prolifica in Plate 135, Fig. 1. . View of the calyx of the Zaphrentis exilis in Plate 134, Fig. 8. . View of the calyx of Zaphrentis yandelli. . View of the calyx of Zaphrentis conigera. . View of the calyx of the Zaphrentis rafinesqui in Plate 135, Fig. 2. Collection of the author. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. PLATE 138. KENTUCKY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. : PLATE 139. PLATE 139. ZAPHRENTIS IMMANIS, Nov. Spec. Devonian. Right lateral view of a corallum, half natural size, from the Middle Devonian rocks, Falls of the Ohio. Collection of the author. a a y i , 7 i Mi a 4% a) ii i : ae ea 1 : » Vi i" ¥ id Oe] he u , by Leen aS ; tuk herb Lena tytnne ii) ig 1m) ! a i re pet: APE - ’ \ ' id lea y ' f a ie. j Y ; ‘ J j tt ( e # " i fe Aopen ot ore! ors \enant eee wee tee ~ 3 S mead one Dee eee eee ere ee eam Goan ner eee eon ee rea =o ee zy a = : Sore a ann np teratrene re ~ - - rg etree gn en eto : Soper Seccstessstes a = aoe Sinem - - ‘ = = — ee Re eas eee a wn Ooh - Gee Peete niem 6c, - - rated 4: ints not . : : meee eng ~ es : ne Depo eee nt thet atone ere tea Rieesiba et et