W&&lt;SS8SSSMSS$M!mS8mSis8s$^^ TORONTO PUBLIC LIBRARY. Reference Department. THIS BOOK MUST NOT BE TAKEN OUT OF THE ROOM. DFC 8 1933 ROBERTSON S LANDMARKS (^TORONTO A COLLECTION OF HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF THE OLD TOWN OF YORK From 1792 until 1837 AND OF Toronto from 1834 to 1908 ALSO Three Hundred and Thirty Engravings of Places and Scenes in Toronto or in Connection with the City. PRIOE TWO DOLLARS. FIFTH SERIES COMPLETE. REPUBLI5HED FROM THE TORONTO "EVENING TELEGRAM. TORONTO : J. ROSS ROBERTSON. 1908. Entered according 1 to the Act of the Parliament of Canada in the year one thousand nin hundred and eight, by J. Ross ROBKKTSON , at the Department of Agriciiltui t/, Ottawa. DEC 8 1933 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO, OOIDTTETTTS. PAGB CHAPTER L Yachts of a Century 1 CHAPTER II. Two OW Flags of Rebellion Time* 8 CHAPTER IH. North York MHttia 11 CHAPTER IV. Golden Lkm, on King Street Bast 12 CHAPTER V. The Old Don Bridge 14 CHAPTER VI. Tb Original School Reserve ... 16 CHAPTER VII. Primitive Methods Tools Used by Red Men 18 CHAPTER VIII. Th War of 1812 19 CHAPTER IX. Yottge Street Stage Line 20 CHAPTER X. Parliament Houses, 1796-1812 ... 21 CHAPTER XI. Osgoode Hall Site 22 CHAPTER XII. Bird* in Provincial Museum .... 24 CHAPTER XIII. Three Old Plans of York 28 CHAPTER XIV. An OW Hand Press 39 CHAPTER XV. Plan of Military Reserve 44 CHAPTER XVI. York a Century Ago (1801) 46 CHAPTER XVII. Ah About Legal Lights and An cient Lights 47 CHAPTER XVIII. Old St. Mark s, Niagara 49 CHAPTER XIX. The Holland Landing Anchor.... 64 CHAPTER XX. First Exhibition Opened in 1846 Crystal Palace of 1858 58 CHAPTER XXI. An Important Plan 61 CHAPTER XXII. The City in 1846 67 CHAPTER XXIII. The Last Letter of Montcalm 69 CHAPTER XXIV. Upper Canada College, 1830-1877. 71 CHAPTER XXV. The " Corner " in Little York, N.B. King and Yonge Streets 75 CHAPTER XXVI. In the Days of Yorkville 84 CHAPTER XXVII. Noted Elections of the Past 85 CHAPTER XXVIII. Art in Historic Chair 89 CHAPTER XXIX. Coronation Chair CHAPTER XXX. The Chair and the Stone of Scone 97 CHAPTER XXXI. Interesting Memories, Historical Chairs Connected with Canada 125 CHAPTER XXXII| Wychwood Mission 142 CHAPTER XXXIII. Fifty Years at St. Lawrence Mar ket 144 CHAPTER XXXIV. The First in Toronto Purchase of Site of Present City 150 CHAPTER XXXV. A Forgotten Biographv Henry Blackstone 162 IV CONTENTS. PAGE CHAPTER XXXVI. An Old Plan of Little York 163 CHAPTER XXXVII. Some Interesting Relics of War of 1812 165 CHAPTER XXXVIII. Hie Collection at Annapolis Flags Captured from British Ships in 1812 169 CHAPTER XXXIX. About the Old Press of 1792-1905. . 174 CHAPTER XL. Hand Press Imported from Quebec -Printed the U. E. Gazette ... 175 CHAPTER XLI. Richey Block Made into Factories 176 CHAPTER XLII. Historical Exhibition of 1899 180 CHAPTER XLIII. Officials of the City, 1834-1907 271 CHAPTER XLIV. Toronto 88 Years Ago, In 1818... 290 CHAPTER XLV. The Old Fort at York 292 CHAPTER XLVI. Railways and Queen Street West. . 295 CHAPTER XLVII. Parliamentary Elections Toronto Electoral Divisions 296 CHAPTER XLVIII. Another Good Find Describing Town of York in 1816 296 CHAPTER XLIX. The First Plan of York 300 CHAPTER L. An Old Manse, Knox Church 302 CHAPTER LI. Public Property in 1 799 303 CHAPTER LII. The Robinson House. Bay Street. . 319 CHAPTER LIII. Emmanuel Church, Island 319 CHAPTER LIV. Christ Church. Mimico 321 CHAPTER LV. An Old Corner Queen and John Streets . 32f, TAOK CHAPTER LVI. Old Parliament Houses 324 CHAPTER LVII. An Old Wharf Maitland s 324 CHAPTER LVIII. Castle Frank 325 CHAPTER LIX. Part of the Old Fort 327 CHAPTER LX. Plan of York in 1794 328 CHAPTER LXI. Toronto in 1851 328 CHAPTER LXII. A Very Old Tombstone found on Yonge Street 330 CHAPTER LXIII. Toronto (York) Bay in 1819 330 CHAPTER LXIV. Mimico Methodist Church 331 CHAPTER LXV. An Old Blockhouse Which Stood on Yonge Street 334 CHAPTER LXVI. Old St. John s Presbyterian Church 335 CHAPTER LXVII. An Old Plan Ewart s Wharf 340 CHAPTER LXVIII. Yonge Street Toll Gate S41 CHAPTER LXIX. Mission Union Workers 345 CHAPTER LXX. St. Leo s Church, Mimico 348 CHAPTER LX.AJ. Mimico Presbyterian Cnurch 349 CHAPTER LXXII. Opening of New Museum at Nia gara 350 CHAPTER LXXIII. Toronto Parks 363 CHAPTER LXXIV. A Noted King Street Corner 361 CHAPTER LXXV. The Lighthouse on the Island .... 363 CHAPTER LXXVI. U. C. College Coat of Arms . . 1 CONTENTS, PACK CHAPTER LXXVII. South-east Corner of Bay and King Streets , . 394 CHAPTER LXXV1II. History of Port Credit 394 CHAPTER LXXIX. Pictures in City Hall 416 l CHAPTER LXXX. Jesse Ketchum Hall 419 CHAPTER LXXXI. Military Reserve, Toronto 426 CHAPTER LXXXII. An Old-Time Election 426 CHAPTER LXXXIII. Plan of Part of Little York 445 CHAPTER LXXXIV. Popular Skating Rink 446 CHAPTER LXXXV. The Widder House 446 CHAPTER LXXXVI. An East End Hostelry 448 CHAPTER LXXXVII. An Old Grist and Saw Mill 4&0 CHAPTER LXXXVIII. Milton Mills, on the Humber 451 CHAPTER LXXXIX. Church Interiors of Toronto 452 CHAPTER XC. Victoria Skating Rink, 1863 497 CHAPTER XCI. The Crystal Palace, 1858 801 CHAPTER XCII. Military Review in 1863 504 CHAPTER XCIII. Three Famous Yachts 506 CHAPTER XCIV. The First District School b08 CHAPTER XCV. St John s Church, Presbyterian . . 608 CHAPTER XCVI. The Old Fort, 1815 610 CHAPTER XCVII. The Queen s Hotel, 18a 614 CHAPTER XCVHI. St. Paul s Hall, YorkriHe 61 CHAPTER XCIX, History of Weston . . 18 PAGB CHAPTER C. Howard s Plan of Toronto, 1845 .. 531 CHAPTER CI. Toronto in 1837 532 CHAPTER CII. An Old Brewery, Bloor s 534 CHAPTER CIII. An Albert Street Block 536 CHAPTER CIV. Toronto Harbor 538 CHAPTER CV. The Wellington Buildings, King Street East .*. 539 CHAPTER CVI. Schedule of Persons Who Receiv ed Grants or Land in the Town of York in L807 541 CHAPTER CVII. First Choral Society 566 CHAPTER CVIII. Toronto in the Year 1834 562 CHAPTER CIX. Old Church in New Home Color ed Baptist 663 CHAPTER CX. Alexandra Industrial School .... 564 CHAPTER CXI. Parliament Buildings, Front Street 56< CHAPTER CXII. North Side of King Street in 1868 67 CHAPTER CXIII. Toronto in 1854 Two Old Pic tures 578 CHAPTER CXIV. Royal Alexandra Theatre 581 CHAPTER CXV. ** Maple Leaf Emblem 581 CHAPTER CXIV. Memorials to Canadians in Salis bury Cathedral 688 CHAPTER CXVII. Toronto in 1834 68S CHAPTER CXVIII. Toronto in 1828 586 CHAPTER CXDL Toronto in 1842 . .... . 6*9 IH.IL.TJSTIR.A.TIOIISrjS. PAGE Yacht Ripple Yacht Oriole First 3 Yacht White Wings 4 Yacht White Wings, Stoiiehooker . Countess of DufEerin, Yacht C Yacht Atlanta 7 Yacht Rivet 8 Two Old Flags of Rebellion Times. 10 Golden Lion, King Street East. . 13 Don Bridge, 1851 15 Plan of School Reservation m First Town of York 17 John Small s Property 22 Exact Site of First Parliament Buildings 22 Osgoode HaH 23 Three Old Plans of York. . . .30-34- 38 Hand Press of Old Niagara 40 Printing Press of 1512 41 Printing Press of 1720 43 Plan of Military Reserve. .. .opp. 44 Plan of York, 1801 opp. 46 Holland Landing Anchor 55 Crystal Palace of 1858 58 Ground Plan of Crystal Palace, 1858 59 Industrial Exhibition Building, 1876 60 Plan of Toronto opp. 61 North Shore Toronto Harbor, 1846 opp. 67 Pac-simile of Montcalm s Dying Letter 69 Upper Canada College in 1834... 72 Upper Canada College Plan of Buildings, 1877 73 Plan of Buildings, 1877-1891... 74 Dennis House, 1823 76 Ridout Building, King Street Bast, 1872 78 Northeast Corner King and Yonge Streets, 1908 80 Ground Plan North-east Corner King and Yonge Streets, 1908 . . 82 Yorkville Bell 85 Coronation Chair 89 Westminster School Interior 92 ->ronation Chair, Back of 94 Coronation Chair, Seat of 95 Masonic Chair 126 Goose & Gridiron Ale House 126-7 Sign of th Goose & Gridiron.... 127 Canada Company Chair 127 KMUE Arms of th Canada Company 128 Palestine Chair 128 Masonic Jewel, Royal Arch Masons 128 Upper Canada College Chair and Arms 1*9 Admiral Nelson s Chair 131 Foudroyant, Man of War 132 Bishop Strachan s Chair 13C City Hall, Toronto, 1844-1899 tW Legislative Assembly Chair 137 City Hall Chair 1ST Parliament Buildings, Toronto, 1832-1892 137 Seal of Province of Upper Canada 1JT Seal of Province of Lower Canada 138 Arms, Masons Company, 1472 138 Legislative Council Chair 138 Guild Chair 139 Auldearn Church 140 Auldearn Chair 140 Auldearn Village 140 St. Gabriel s Chair 141 St. Gabrie4 s Church, Montreal... 141 Wychwood Presbyterian Cberch. 143 St. Lawrence Market, Front Street Entrance 146 St. Lawrence Market, East Sid>e. . 146 St. Lawrence Arcade 147 St. Lawrence Market, West Side. 148 Plan of the "Toronto Purchase" from the Indian* in 1787-1806.. 151 Town of York in 1816 164 Mace of Upper Canada 1ST The British Lion 16J Old Printing Press, 1792-1905 174 Richey Terrace 177-7-9 Plan of Old Fort at York opp. 293 Plan of York in 1818 opp. 296 Plan of Queen Street Railway Ex tension opp. 296 Plan of Electoral Division, Toron to opp. 297 Plan of Toronto Harbor, 1816. opp. 29* First Plan of York opp. 301 Knox Church Manse, 1826 30* Knox Church Manse, 190 303 Navy Hall on Niagara River SO4 Huts of Queen s Rangers at Queenston S0( Queen s Rangers Lodge Room in York, 1795 308 Oxen In York in 1795 31 Schenectady Boat 312 riii ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE King s Head Tavern, 1795 313 House for Travellers at Port Credit, 1793 317 Government House at Port Credit. 318 Robinson House, Bay Street .... 319 Bmanuel Church, Toronto Island. 320 Christ Church, Mimico 321-2 Queen Street West, Toronto, 1851. 323 Old Parliament Houses 324 Maitland s Wharf, 1850 325 Plan of Castle Frank 326 Old Fort, 1851 327 Map of City of Toronto, 1851. .opp. 328 Plan of York, 18J2-1813 329 York Harbor from Queen s Wharf. 332 Mimico Methodist Church 333 Block House in Yorkville 336 St. John s Presbyterian Church. 337-8-9 Old Plan of Toronto 340 Ewart s Wharf 340 Yonge Street Tollgate, 1830-1865. 34J Mission Union Chestnut Street.. 345 Mission Union, Herrick Street... 346 Mission Union, College Street 346 Mission Union, Sackville Street.. 347 Christian Workers Church 347 St. Leo s Church, Mimico 348 Presbyterian Church, Mimico.... 350 Memorial Hall, Niagara 351 Queen s Park 353 St. Lawrence Square 354 Horticultural Gardens 354 Allan Gardens 354 Carlton Park 354 Clarence Square 354 Bellwoods Park 355 High Park 355 Leslie Grove 355 Island Park opp. 355 Stanley Park 356 Exhibition Park 356 Oarrison Common 35j5 Bellevue Square 357 Bayside Park 357 Harbor Square 357 Memorial Park 357 Reservoir Park 358 Riverdale Park 358 Alexandra Park 358 Cottingham Square 359 Exhibition Extension 359 Harbord Play Grounds 359 Dovercourt Park 360 St. Andrew s Square 360 St. Patrick s Square 360 Moss Park 361 Ramsden Park 361 i Rice Lewis 361 Rice Lewis A Co. Warehouse 1848 362 j Wellington House . . ... 362 PAGE Old Buildings at the Lighthouse . . 365 Town of York from Island in 1818. 367 Lighthouse at the Island 368 Lighthouse-Keeper s Home on To ronto island 368 View of Niagara, 1807 372 Lighthouse at Niagara, 1805-14... 373 George Durnan 374 Lantern Cage of Island Lighthouse 377 Island Lighthouse, 1907 379 An Old Shutter, Toronto Island . . 380 Primitive Stairway, Toronto Island 381 Pioneer Fire Place, Toronto Island 382 Old Signal Lights, Toronto Island 383 An Old Swing, Toronto Island 384 Captain McSherry 386-90 The Lakeside Home 387 Toronto Lighthouse 387 Upper Canada College, Coat of Arms 392 South-east Corner King and Bay Streets, 1868-76 ". 393 Plan of Port Credit opp. 396 Plan of Port Credit opp. 398 Port Credit Harbor 402-3 Old School House, Port Cred t 404 Orange Hall, Port Credit 404 Shaw s Hall, Port Credit 405 Wilcox Hotel, Port Credit 405 St. Mary s Church, Port Credit... 406 Chief s House, Indian Village, Port Credit 407 Trinity Church, Port Credit. 407 Shaw Residence, Port Credit 408 James Robinson Shaw 409 Presbyterian Church, Port Credit. 410 Methodist Church, Port Credit.... 411 Lynd House, Port Credit 412 Hamilton House, Port Credit 413 Grafton Cottage, Port Credit 414 Wilbur House. Port Credit 414 Pirie Cottage, Port Credit 415 Jesse Ketchum Hall, Davenport Road 420 Interior of Jesse Ketchum Hall . . 423 Plan of Military Reserve, To ronto, 1837 opp. 426 John H. Dunn 427 Isaac Buchanan 427, 428, 429 The West End Skating Rink 446 Drawing Room of the Widder Residence 447 Mrs. William Vine 449 Butcher s Arms Tavern 4f Milton Mills on the Humber 4$ Interior of New Jerusalem Church 4*- J Interior of Agnes Street Methodist Church 454 Interior of St. Basil s R.C. Church 455 Interior of Catholic Apostolic Ch. 456 ILLUSTRATIONS. IX PAGE Interior of St. James Cathedral.. 457 Interior of Bond Street Congrega tional Church 458 Interior of Elm Street Methodist Church 459 Interior of Our Lady of Lourdes Roman Catholic Church 460 Interior of St. Andrew : Jarvis street 461 Interior of Knox Church 462 Interior of Jarvis Street Baptist Church 463 Interior of Richmond St. Method ist Church 464 Interior of St. John the Evangelist Church 465 Interior of Sherbourne Street Methodist Church 465 Interior of German Lutheran Church 466 Interior of Bloor Street. Baptist Church 467 Interior of Erskine Presbyterian Church 468 Interior of Queen Street Baptist Church (Colored) 469 Interior of St. James Square Pres byterian Church 470 Interior of Grace Church 471 Interior of Jewish Synagogue, Richmond street . 472 Interior of Carlton Street Method ist Church 473 Interior of Berkeley Street Methodist Church 474 Interior of Central Methodist Ch. 475 Interior of St. Matthew s Church. . 475 Interior of Holy Trinity Church.. 176 Interior of Parliament Street Baptist Church 477 Interior of St. Paul s Church, Bloor street 478 Interior of Central Presbyterian Church 479 Interior of Unitarian Church 480 Interior of Trinity Church 480 Interior of Hazelton Avenue Con gregational Church 481 Interior of Western Congregation al Church 481 Interior of St. Patrick s R.C. Church 482 Interior of St. Helen s R.C. Church 482 Interior of Zion Congregational Church 483 Interior of College Street Presby terian Church 484 Interior of St. Luke s Church 485 Interior of Queen Street Metho dist Church . 486 PAGE Interior of Charles Street Presby terian Church 487 Interior of St. James Cemetery Chapel 487 Interior of St. Michael s Cathe dral, R.C 488 Interior of East Presbyterian Church 489 ! Interior of Northern Congrega tional Church 489 {Interior of Cooke s Church 49 j \ Interior of Alexander ~ Street Baptist Church 490 I Interior of St. Paul s Church, R.C. 491 i Interior of College Street Baptist Church -32 1 Interior of Beverley Street Baptist Church 493 j Interior of " Parliament Street Methodist Church 494 j Interior of Reformed ujpiscopal Church 485 I Interior of West Presbyterian Cnurch 496 Victoria Skating Rink, 1863 49S The Crystal Palace 1858-1866 ... 502 Ground Plan of Crystal Palace... 503 Toronto Military Review, Oct. 8th, 1863 opp. 504 Toronto Military Review, Oct. Sth, 1863 opp. 505 Yacht " Zoraya " 507 Yacht " Temeraire " 507 Yacht " Iroquois " 507 George Duggan s Hou&e, King and George Streets 509 St. John s Presbyterian Church.. 511 Commandant s Quarters, Fort at York, 1823 512-3 Queen s Hotel, 1860 515 Interior of St. Paul s Hall 516 St. Paul s Hall, Yonge Street 517 Weston Illustrated 518-30 Wadsworth Mill, Weston 518 I Denison Burying Ground, Weston 519 j St. John s Burying Ground, Weston 519 Town Hall, Weston 520 Oldest House in Weston .1? I Main Street, Weston 522 Old Public School, Weston 523 High School. Weston 523 Public School. Weston. old 523 Main Street, Weston 525 St. Phillip s Church, Weston 526 St. Phillip s Rectory, Weston 527 St. John s Church, Weston 528 Roman Catholic Church, Weston. 528 Presbyterian Church, Weston .... 52f! Methodist Church, Weston 530 North Shore of Toronto, 1846. opp. 531 ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE Toronto, Bast End in 1837 533 Bloor Street Brewery and Block house 535 Albert Street Block, West End... 536 Albert Street Block, East to James Street 537 Plan of Toronto Harbor opp. 538 Plan of Toronto and Suburbs in 1834 opp. 562 Wellington Buildings, King Street Sas* 540 " The First " Baptist Church (colored), University Avenue.. 564 Alexandra School, Blantyre (2 cute) 565 Old Parliament Building, Front Street, 1902 567 Old Parliament Building, Main Staircase, Centre Building 568 Old Parliament Building, Recep tion Room, Main Building 568 Oid Parliament Building, Corridor and Vestibule, East Wing 569 Old Parliament Building, Rear En trance of Main Building, from Wellington Street 569 Old Parliament Building, Rear of Western Wing 569 OM Parliament Building, Smoking Room and Reading Room 570 CWd Parliament Building, Library and Press Rooms 571 Old Parliament Building, Legisla tive Chambers looking West . . 572 Old Parliament Building, Members Dmhig-Roorn 572 PAGE Old Parliament Building, Dining- Room of the Council, Centre Block 573 Old Parliament Building, Rear of East Wing 573 Old Parliament Building, Council- Chamber, Main Building 574 Old Parliament Building, Interior of Court Yard, Rear of Main Building 574 OM Parliament Building, Rear of Eastern Wing, from North-east Corn of Wellington otreet . . 574 Old Parliament Building, Post Office, Main Building 575 Old Parliament Building, Legisla tive Chamber, Looking East. . . . 575 North Side of King Street, from Yonge to Victoria Streets, .opp. 576 North-east Corner of King and Yonge Streets to Building of Canadian Gen. Electric Co. opp. 576 Toronto in 1854 579 Presentation of Colors to Tenth Royal Regiment 580 Royal Alexandra Theatre 582 Memorial in Salisbury Cathedral to Canadians opp. 583 Key to Picture of Toronto in 1834. opp. p. 584 Picture of Toronto in 1834. opp. p. 584 Key to Picture of Toronto in 1828. opp. p. 588 Key to Picture of Toronto in 1842. opp. p. 589 A PAGB Addison, Robert, Rev 50 Alderdice, Samuel 252 Allan, George W 88 Allan, Property 16 Allan Romaine Election 85 Allan s Wharf 534 Alarm Yacht 3, 8 America Cup 5, 6, 7 American Oracle 43 Anderson s Directory 65 Anchor, Holland Landing 54 Ancient Lights 47 Annapolis Museum 169 Anglican Rectors of Weston 527 Annals of Westminster Abbey .97, 100 Annis Yacht 3 Armstrong, R. H., Dr 19 Arthur, George, Sir 259 Armour, Samuel, Rev 257 Arrow, Yacht 2 Atlanta Yacht 3, 6 Auldearn Chair 126, 140 Bagot, Charles, Sir 248 Baldwin Residence 63 Barclay, John, Rev 257 Barren, F. W 250, 560 Barwlck, Walter, K.C 583 Bayfield, W. W 538 Beard s Wharf 532 Belle Yacht 2 Bishop s Chair 89, 135 Bidwell, M. S 9 Birds In Provincial Museum 25 Blackstone, Henry 163 Blackstone, William 162 Blake, Edward . . . , 262 Block, Abraham 57 Blockhouse Bay 37, 368 Blockhouse, Gibraltar Point ..311, 334 Blockhouse, Rosedale Ravine 299, 334 Bloor, Joseph 84, 534 Blue & Poland 532 Blue School IT, 129 Board of Agriculture, 1858 501 Bonnycastle, Captain 512 Bowkett, William 76 Boyle, David 24 Braham, Alfred 79 Breeze, Yacht 2 British Colonist Newspaper 79 Brig, Reindeer 169 Browne s Wharf 62, 68, 562 Buchanan, Isaac 42 Buchan, J. M 251 Buffalo, Burning of 19 Buggs, John 538 Bull, Bart 197 ! Bull, Jacob 521 Bullfrog, Yacht 1 Burning of Buffalo 19 By, Colonel 237 C Cameron, Duncan 76 Cfcmeron, J. H Canada Company Chair 89 Canada Landed Credit Co 576 Canada, 1st Yacht Canada, 2nd Yacht 2 Canadian Historical Chairs 12$ Canadian National Exhibition .... 61 Capp, E. H., Rev 527 Capture of York, 1813 165 Carter versus Grasett 48 : Castle, Frank 325 ; Cathcart, Lord 260 Central Methodist Church 84 Chair, English Guild 138 Chair, Historic 89 Chair of Scotland 105 Challenge Cup 5 Charlton, W. J., Dr 521 Cherokee Yacht Chesapeake & Shannon 170 Chewett, J. G 562 Chewett, Wm 562 Choral Society 560 Christ Church, Mimico 321 i Cigar. Perry Boat 18 City Churches, Interiors of ... 458, 496 City Hall Chair 89, 118 City Limits in 18S4 563 I City Hall Pictures 419 ! Clarence Square 64 j Cockburn Schooner 1 Cockburn, G. R. R 251 | Collins, John 8, 29 Columbian Press 42 Colors of Third York Militia 231 Commissariat Wharf 68 Conron, J 521 Cooper s Mills 299 Corner in Little York 75 Coral, Yacht * Xll GENERAL INDEX. PAGE Coronation Chair 90, 94, 95 Coronation Stone 102, 103 Countess Dufferin Yacht ........ 3 Cranfield, G. D 538 Green, Thomas, Rev 50 Crescent Gardens 66 Gromby, Marcus C 256 Grown of St. Edward 129 Crown of State 129 Crystal Palace 59, 504 Cuthbert, Alexander 5 Cyane, Frigate 170 Cygnet, Yacht 3 D Bade, Charles, Rev 251, 524 Dalton, Thomas 98 Darling, Frank 48 I Dart, Yacht 2 ! Dennis, Family 77 j Dennis, Hugh C 83 j Dennis, John 76, 81 Dennis, Joseph 81 Dennis, J. Stoughton 33 i Denison Cemetery 519 Denison, John 519 De Ramesay 70, 71 Despatch Steamer, Loss of 234 j Dixon, Alexander 540 Dick, Thomas, Capt. 514 : Dickson-Weekes Duel 179 Dobson, J. S 425, 516 Don Bridge 14 i Don, Forks of 589 ; Dorchester, Lord 28 ! Drummond, General 19 i Dublin, Township of 28 i Duggan, George 508 i Dundas street 311 ! Dunn-Buchanan Election 85, 87 Dunn, Colonel 62 Durie, William, Dr 235 : Dunn, John Henry 62, 426 Durnford, Lieut. -Gen 512 i Durnford, Philip, Captain 514 I E Eagle, John 523 ! Eastern Gap, Toronto 36 j Eleanor Queen 105 Electoral Division, Toronto 296 Emanuel Church, Island 320 Emerald, Yacht 2 English Guild Chair 138 I Epitaphs, Niagara Church 50 Escape, Yacht 3 Ewart s Wharf 68, 340 Exhibition, Historical of 1899 180 F. Fairy, Yacht 2 PAGE Farr, James 518 Farr s Mills 518 Feehan s Wharf 68 Ferry Boat, Cigar 16 First Exhibition opened 58 First House of Assembly 163 First Ontario Steamers 365 First Parliament of Upper Canada 29 First Provincial Exhibition 58 First Public School in Weston ... 526 Fisher, Thomas 451 Fisher s Mills 305 Fitz-Gibbon, Col 239 Flags of 1812, Captured by Ameri cans 169 Foam, Yacht 2, 50 Fort Erie 50 Fort Niagara 19 Fort Rowille 32 Fort Toronto 32 Foudroyant, Man of War ....131, 135 Franklin, Ben 41. 175 Frigate, Cyane 169 Fuller, Bishop 258 G. Gagen, C. F 128 Gallagher, Father, Rev 529 Gamble, John 87 Gamble, Wm 452 Gap, Toronto, Eastern 36 Garrison, Blockhouse 315 Garrison Creek 32, 45, 301, 531 Garrison of York 315 General Hospital . . . . 64 Gerard, Robert, Sir 67 Geraldine, Yacht 2 Gibraltar Point 367 Given s Historical Collection .... 195 Glance, Yacht 2 Globe Office 576 Golden Lion 12 Gooderham, William 534 Gooderham Wharf 532 Gooderham Windmill 68 Goose and Gridiron Inn 126 Gorilla, Yacht 2 Gorries Wharf 68, 531 Governors, Canadian, Portraits of 187 Government House, Port Credit . . 316 Grasett, Dr S8 Grasett, H. J., Rev 48, 257 Green, S. T 79 Guatemala Birds 24 H. Half Moon Battery . . . Harbor, Plan of, 1816 Harbor Square Harbor, Toronto 62 298 62 28 GENERAL INDEX. xni PAGE I PAGI Harris, Dr., Rev 302 King and Yonge Street, Corner in Harrington, John 577 1823 76 Haworth, Thomas, & Co 576 King s Wharf 46 Hawkins, William 309 ! Kingston Mills 313 Hazelton, Joseph 84 Knott, Benjamin 532 Hoad, Edmund Walker, Sir 60 j Knox College 66 Hoad, Francis Bond, Sir.... 9, 86, 259 Knox College Founded 514 Heighten, William 341 Hillock, Francis 532 | L Historic Chairs 89 i T Historical Exhibition of 1899, in i Land Grants m York - 1807 -- 541 - 56 detail 180 Historical Museum, Niagara .... 351 Hochelaga, Yacht 2 Hogan, J. Sheridan 14 Holland Landing Anchor 54 Holland Landing 56 Home District Grammer School.. 257 Hospital General 64 House of Assembly 63, 163 Howard, J. G 67, 252, 5^ Howe, M. C 257 Hudson Bay Co. Trading Post .... 57 Humber Mills 305 Hutchison, Thomas . . . . 12 i I. Ida. Yacht 2 Ina, Yacht 3 Indian Village, Port Credit 401 Industrial School s Association . . 566 Inglis, Major-General 234 Interior of City Churcaes 452, 496 Iris, Yacht 3 Irish, Mark x. 514 Iroquois, Yacht 2, 506 Irwin, B. F 521 J. Jacob s Stone 99 Ditto, Church St., N. S 548 Ditto, Duchess St., N. S i>46 Ditto, Duchess St., S. S 547 Ditto, Duke St., N. S 545 Ditto, Duke street, S. S 547 Ditto, Front street, N. S 549 Ditto, George street, W. S., 547 Ditto, Hospital street, S. S 557 Ditto, Hospital street, N. S 548 Ditto, King street, N. S 542 Ditto, King street, S. S 544 Ditto, King St., Newtown, N. S. 553 Ditto, King St., Newtown, S. S. 553 Ditto, Lot street, S. S 549 Ditto, Market street, N. S 551 Ditto, Market street, S. S 552 Ditto, New street, W. S 558 Ditto, Newgate street, N. S., . . 554 Ditto, Newgate street, S. S. . . 555 Ditto, Ontario street, E. S 541 Ditto, Palace, now Front street 541 Ditto, Russell Square 55 Ditto, Simcoe Place 550 Ditto, Toronto street, E. S 548 Ditto, Water Lots 559 Lakeside Home 37 Langstaffe, John 21 Latham, Jacob 534 Law of Ancient Lights . 47 Janes, S. H ................... 82, 83 Jarvis, Aemilius ................ 5 Jarvis, S. P., Major-General . .191, 240 Jennings, John, Rev ............. 258 Jesuit Fort .................... 56 Jesuit Historical Collection. .266, 271 Johnson, Arthur J., Dr ........... 526 Johnson, W. A., Rev. K. Kay, John Legislative Assembly Chair ..89, 137 Legislative Council Chair ....89, 138 Legge, Alexander 534 Lesslie Bros 427 Levant, Frigate 170 Lewis, Rice & Co 361 Lighthouse on Island 363, 391 Lion Golden 12 : Limits of City, 1834 563 Little York, Old Plan of 163 Loretto Abbey 62 Keating s Cut Lome, Marquis of ... 61 Kestral, Yacht 9 Louise, Princess 61 Ketchum, Jesse . 41 q i London, James 263 ,_ . tj_a , T .,. 4 King, E. L., Rev. 5 3 King s Head Tavern 312 King James 1 107 King s Printing Office . 175 King aud Yonge Street, Comer . r t 5 Lyon, W. A. 577 M Macdonell Historical Collect n.254, 256 Macnab, Allan, Sir .... ... 236 xiT ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE Macnab, Alex., Capt 245 Mackinaw 3A Yacht 2 Mace of 1813 167 Mackenzie, W. L 8, 11, 87 Madcap Yacht 3 Maitland, Peregrine, Sir 129 Maitland s Wharf 62, 324 Maple Leaf, First Official Recog nition 581 Marriage Records, Niagara 51 Market Wharf 68 Masonic Chair 89, 125 Maughan, John, Jr 24 Members First Choral Society. 560, 562 Members of First Presbyterian Cliurch, Weston &30 Merritt, W. Hamilton 192 Metcalf, Charles, Jr 248 Methodist Church, Central 84 Methodist Pastors, Weston 530 Military Posts on Lake Ontario ... 28 Military Reserve, Plan of 44 Militia, North York 11 Militia Review, 1863 504 Mimico Methodist Church 333 Mississauga Indians 150 Monro, George 426 Montcalm, Marquis 69, 70 Monuments, Niagara 52. 53 Morrison. J. C 261 Morris, James 199 Morse, H. J., & Co 577 Moss Park Rink 33 Moss, Thomas 264 Mosquito Sloop 3 Mulock, William, Sir 264 Museum, Normal School 176 Me. McCaul, Dr., Rev 250 McGaw, Mrs 514 McGill Property 16 N. National Ciub 319 Navie Yacht 2 Navy Hall 304 Nelson Chair 89 Nelles, S. S., Rev 265 Niagara, Fort 19 Niagara Historical Museum 351 Niagara Marriage Records 51 Niagara Monuments 52, 53 *Jotes and Queries 113 Sormal School Museum 175 North York Militia, Officers of 11 PAOB Old Fort 327 Olden Time, Press of Onondago Wreck J Ontario Lighthouses 370 j Oracle American 43 i Original School Reserve 16 1 Oriole Yachts, 1st and 2nd 314 ! Osgoode Hall 22 i Owen, W. F. M. Captain 538 O Officers First Choral Society Officers North York Mililtia O Hara, Colonel Palestine Chair 89, 128 Palace, Crystal 59 Panthechnetheca 13 Parks in Toronto 353, 361 Parliament, first of Upper Canada 29 Parliament, Houses of the Pro vince 21, 566, 583 Parliament, Houses, Plans of 21 Parliament, Street Creek 534 Parliamentary Mace, 1813 167 Pastors, Presbyterian, of Weston 530 Phillips, Thomas, Rev 251, 526 Pictures, in City Hall 417, 419 Piper, H. L 83 Pipon, Charles 583 Plan of Little York 163 Plan of Military Reserve 44 Flan of Toronto, 1842 61 Plan of York 28, 290, 300 Playter Bridge 14 Playter, George 20, 589 Playter, Stages 20 Presbyterian Church, Mimico.... 350 Presbyterian Church, Weston, first members 530 Presbyterian Pastor, aston .... 530 Press of the Olden Time 39 Prevost, George, Sir 239 Prima Donna Yacht 2 Primitive Tolls 18 Prince Edward District 150 Prince of Wales 60 Printing Press of 1792 174 Privat, Louis 532 Provincial Agricultural Association Officials, 1858 501 Provincial Exhibition 58 Provincial Museum 24 Provincial Museum, Rare Birds in 25 Port Credit History 394, 415 Post Jordan 394 Powell, Residence 63 Powell, Walker, Col 246 Powell, Wm. Dummer 190 Public School, Weston, first 526 Q. .. 561 Queen Eleanor 105 11 Queen s Hotel 514 242 Queen s Wharf 45 GENERAL INDEX. R. PAGE Race Course, St. Leger 67 Ravine Block House 299 Ranavata Monjaca 2 Records of York 288 Rees, Dr 531 Rees Wharf 61 Reford, William 508 Reindeer Brig 169 Relics of Capture of York Reserve, Original School 16 Revere House 9 Riall, General 19 Rich, C. H., Rev 529 Richey, John 179 Richey, Terrance 176 Richey, Terrace, residence . . .178, 179 Ridout, Aikenhead & Crombie . . . 576 Ridout Bros 78 Ridout, Thomas 562 Ridout Property 16 Ripple, Yach 2 Rivet, Yacht 2, 7 Robertson, J. Ross, Historical Col lections 184, 253 Roibinson, Fredrick P., Sir 237 Robinson House 319 Robinson, J. B 24 Rolph, Collection of Pictures 189 Romaine, C. E 88 Roman Catholic Church, Mimico.. 348 Rossin House 64 Rouille Fort 32 Rowntree, David 521 Russell Abbey 532 Ryerson, Egerton, Rev 265 Ryerson Miltary Collection 183 8. Saginard, Yacht 2 Saint Andrew s Church 58J St. Catharines Salt Springs 314 St. Edward s Chair 99 St. Gabriel s Chair 141 ! St. John s River 33 ! St. Lawrence Hall 144 St. Lawrence Market 144 St. Lawrence Market, Tenants in. 144, 145 St. Leger Race Course 67 St. Mark s, Niagara 49 Scadding, H., Rev 252, 589 Schooner Highflyer 170 School Reserve 16 Scott, J. M. P., Rev 335, 339 Scollard Street 85 Scone, Stone of 101, 112 Sea Gull, Yacht 2 Secord, Laura 184 Selkirk Rioters 76 Sewell, Justice . 201 PASS Sherwood, Henry 46 Sir Robert Peel, Steamer 247 Site of Toronto 150 Skinner, Timothy 450 Small, C. C 12 Small, John 21, 533 Smith, Larratt W 12, 263 Smyth, D. W 26 Society, Law M Sovereign, Steamer (3. Sphinx, Yacht 2 Stages, Yonge Street JO Stanley Barracks 62 Stanley, Dean 105, 125 Steamer Dispatch, Loss of 234 Steamer Sir Robert Peel 247 Stegmann, John 46 Stennett, Walter, Rev 250 Strachan, John, Rev 508 Streets in York, 1801 46 Surveyor-General Collins 28, 150 Sydenham, Lord 259 Sykes, J 521 Symons, John 576 T. Talbot Historical Collection. . .199, 202 Tarratt, Joseph 79 Tecumseh 242 Temeraire Yacht " 5(K Third York Militia, Colors of 231 Tinning s Pier 62, 531 Thompson, Charles Poulett 259 Thompson, B. E 554 Thomson E. W 87 Toll Gates of York and Their Keepers 341, 344 Toronto Aldermen 272, 288 Toronto Bay in 1819 330 Toronto Blockhouses 534 Toronto Civic Officials 271, 288 Toronto Councillors 272, 27S Toronto Cricket Grounds 67 Toronto Electoral Divisions 296 Toronto Gap, Eastern 36 Toronto Harbor 8 Toronto Harbor, North Shore 67 Toronto Mayors 272, 288 Toronto, Plan of gi Toronto Poll Book of 1841 428 Toronto Public Library Historical Collection 204, 231 Toronto, Purchase, First from Indians 150 Toronto, Yacht 1, 317 Toronto in 1 846 67 Toronto in 1851 330 Town of York 288 Townshead, Colonel 70 XVI GENERAL INDEX. PACE : Townshead, Marquis 70 j Township of Dublin 28 j Treaty of Sale of Toronto Site. 153, 162 j Tremayne, P., Rev 322 ! Trinity College School Founded.. 524; Troops in Military Review, 1S63.. 504-6 \ Trustees of Ketchum Hall 423 Tyrrell, William 521 U. Union Permanent Building & Sav ings Society 578 j tFpper Canada College 71 j Upper Canada College Chair . . .89, 126 Upper Canada College Coat of Arres Upper Canada College, Plans of. .71, 74 Upper Canada College in 1830 .... 71 Upper Canada College in 1877 71 Upper Canada Gazette 43 Upper Canada, Parliament, First.. 29 V. Vale Pleasant 583 Vessels, English, Captured by the Americans in 1812-14 171, 174 Victoria University Faculty 263 Vine, William 448 Voters in 1841 Election 430, 443 W Wadsworth, Charles 518 Wadsworth, Thomas 518 Wadsworth, William 518 Wakefield Auction Mart 79 Walker & Hutcheson 12 Walker & Son Walker, Thomas 12 Wales, Prince of 60 War of 1812 19, 165, 169, 174, 183 Warren, M 534 Washington Press 42 Water Lily, Yacht Waters and Symons Waterworks Wharf 68, 531 Wave, Yacht Webster, A. F W eekes-Dickson, duel 179 Weekes, William 179 Wells, Frederick, Colonel 244 Weller, William 20 PAGE Wentworth Militia 244 Weston s First Council 521 Weston High School 524 Weston High School, First Board 524 Weston High School Founded . . 524 Weston High School Principals . . 524 Weston High School Pupils 524 Weston Public School 526 Westminster Abbey 97 Westminster School 92 Whitewings Cup 5 Whitewings, Yacht 3, 5 Wickson, Samuel 84 Widder, Frederick 446 Widmer, Dr 534 Wideawake, Yacht Williams. W. F 241 Wilson, Daniel, Sir 262 Worts and Gooderham 534 Wyatt Collection of Medals . . .183, 231 Wychwood Mission, Pastors and Trustees 142 Y. Yacht Iroquois 506 Yacht Temeraire 506 Yacht Zoraya 506 Yachts in 1855 Yonge Street Construction 20 Yonge Street Stages 20 Yonge Street Wharf 62 Yonge and King Street Corner.. 75 Yonge and King Street Corner, Residents of 75 Yonge and King Street Corner in 1323 76 York Chambers 49 York Garrison 315 York, Plans of 28 York, Town of 288 York in 1793, Plan of 300 York in 1801 46 York in 1818 290 Yorkville Bell 85 Yorkville "Busses" 84 Yorkville Council, 1859 516 Yorkville Reformation Society . . . 425 Yorkville Total Abstinence Society 425 Z. Zoraya Yacht 506 PREFACE This is the fifth volume of the series known as Robertson s Landmarks of Toronto, a collection of 2,927 printed pages in book form giving a detailed record of the city s life since it started its career in 1792 with a population of six or eight Mississaga Indians, who camped on the bay front close by the site now occupied by the Laion Station The collection also comprises nearly 1,200 engravings. The wide-spread interest in the early life of Toronto is attested by the reception accorded to the previous volumes of Landmarks. The first volume is no longer obtainable, and there are less than a hundred unsold copies of the succeeding three volumes. This publication is the first attempt ever made to give in such extensive form a history of any Canadian city, and were it not that the type from which the volumes are printed was first used in the columns of the Toronto Evening Telegram, it would be absolutely impossible to give the volumes at the price at which they are now offered. While diligent search has been made among countless manuscript in the libraries of the Dominion, and especially of Ontario, the larger part of the in formation found in the Landmarks comes from the lips of pioneers, many of whom have passed away, and many of whom were in the yellow leaf when twenty years ago I made my first notes for this collection. It is sometimes asked why the chapters of the Landmarks are not chrono logically more continuous. The reply to this query is simply that these Landmarks had to be written and published as the information came to hand, and as each chapter is a complete story in itself there was no necessity for chronological continuity. Of course it would be better if the series had opened and had been con tinued as a year-in-and-year-out history of York and Toronto from the day that the harbor was first surveyed and the plot of the original town laid out. But to do so would have been simply impossible, for the matter in each chapter came to hand at various times, yes, at long intervals in the twenty-five years that have passed since the first Landmark appeared in the columns of The Evening Telegram. This is shown by the publication of one chapter concerning the history of the city in 1805, Chapter CVI., Vol. V. The manuscript on which this chapter was based was not discovered by me till 1908, and there are scores of other similar finds written up under exactly the same conditions. Should some future historian have the courage to write a continuous story of the city, to tell the story of the pioneer Town of York from 1792, and of Toronto from 1834, he will assuredly not lack for material, The series of Landmarks now reaches its fifth volume, but there remain many records of the city s early life that it would require at least as many volumes more to complete. In my collection of engravings of Toronto there are at least three hundred which have not yet been written up. While I claim accuracy for the subject matter of the Landmarks, yet I freely admit that there may be many errors in compilation, and for that reason xviii PREFACE. I hope that at some not distant day these volumes may be revised and printed in better form than at present. This volume is one of the most interesting of the series. The find of the early maps and plans of the city, of the Old Fort and of the city front, give a better idea of York and Toronto in its early days than any manuscript docu ments that have so far come to light. The discovery of these drawings is in the main due to the excellent work of that prince of librarians and collectors, Dr. Arthur G. Doughty, the archivist ef the Dominion. To his effort is due the magnificent collection in the Archives Department, Ottawa, while the find of many of the local plans and manuscripts Is due to the untiring energy of Dr. James Bain of the Toronto Public Library. His knowledge of the early history of the city afforded by the voluminous collection of early records, which with dogged perseverance he has accumulated, has added much not only to the Interest of this volume, but to the preceding volumes of the Landmarks. This volume is commended not only to those who possess the preceding volumes, but to new readers, who, it is to be hoped, will be Interested in the history of the city of their habitation and business, a city, which, in a very few years, will probably be, as far as population and resources are concerned, the leading city of not only the province of Ontario, but of the Dominion of Canada. LANDMARKS OF TORONTO VOLUME V. CHAPTER I. YACHTS OF A CENTURY. Old Time Sailors An Interesting Article on Some of the Yachts and Yachtsmen of Sixty Years Ago. For over a century have thore been yachts on Lake Ontario. It is only since 1850 or thereabouts, however, that the white wings have been very num erous upon the blue waters. The Duke of Rochefoucault de Luincourt, writing of the marine of Lake Ontario in 1795, mentions "a small yacht of eighty tons, mounting six guns." She was probab ly only a revenue cutter. No particu lars are given about her, other than that she was attached to the fleet at Kingston. In the Upper Canada Gazette of Sept. 14, 1799, the fallowing announce ment appears: "The Toronto Yacht, Captain Baker, will, in the course of a few daya. be ready to make her first trip. She is one of the handsomest vessels of her size that ever swam upon the Ontario, arid if we are permitted to judge from her appearance, and to do her justice, we must say she bids fair to be one of the swiftest sailing ves sels. She is admirably well calculated for the exception of passengers, and can with proprietry boast of the most experienced officers and men. Her master-builder is a Mr. Denison, an American, on whom she reflects much credit" What the Toronto Yacht was like or where she was built, we are not told. She is frequently mentioned in the Ga- xette. On Saturday, May 17, 1800, we are told of ^ie arrival of "his Excel lency Peter Hunter, Esq., Lieut.-Gov- ernor and Commander-in-Chief of the province, in the Toronto." She is men tioned in a similar connection several times afterwards. On October llth. 1806, we learn that Governor Gore crossed from. York to Niagara, in the Toronto Yacht presumably, in four hours, a smart passage for a sailing vessel even to-day. The Toronto Yacht went ashore on the Island sandbar early in the summer of 1812, and her frames remained protruding from the sand for many years. She was com manded successively by Capt. Baker, Capt. Earl and Ca,pt. Fish. On June 7, 1828, the Loyalist men tions another yacht. " His Majesty s schooner Cockburn, bearing the broad pennon of Commodore Barrie, entered this port on Monday last. The yacht Bullfrog was in company with the Cockburn." No description of the Bullfrog is given. In October, 1828, the arrival of Sir Peregrine Maitland in the Bullfrog is noted. She appears to have been a vessel used for the same purposes as the Toronto yacht. " The Bullfrog yard boat, of about 60 tons, nearly new and completely rigged, and well furnished in every respect," is advertised for sale in 1834, among an extensive assortment of naval stores. In the Toronto Courier, of May 28, 1836, the following advertisement ap pears: "The well known Government built cutter, Bullfrog, about 40 tons burthen, with all her running and standing rigging complete, and in good sailing order, will be sold very low for cash or approved endorsed notea for half the purcnase money. For par ticulars apply to Burke & O Neil, To ronto." This cutter may or may not have been " the Bullfrog yard boat, of about "oO tons burthen," before referred to. In the public sale of naval stores -at Kingston dockyard, June 27, 1836, "the Cockburn schooner, 70 tons, paid off in 1834, with her masts and spars; also the Bullfrog, tender of 60 tons, with her sails and rigging tn stwre," are of fered for sale. LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. Besides the Toronto and the Bull frog there was at least one other yacht around Toronto, or rather York, in the early " thirties." This was the Dart, a small cutter-rigged craft, owned by the Hon. John Elmsley, R.N. The York Sapper and Miner, of October 25, 1832, has the following advertise ment : " For sale, the fast sailing cut ter Dart, 22 1-2 tons burden, with or without rigging, sails and other fur niture. For particulars enquire of the Hon. John Elmsley." The Dart was one of the smartest boats of her day, and was built at York by a Mr. Purkis. Breeze C. Heath. Belle C. Gildersleeve, Kingston. Navie Messrs. Et.rick and Arm strong. Prima Donna S. Munro, J. Hamil ton. Glance G. Oliver, Cobourg; G. flawke, Toronto. Water Lily Commodore Durie. Arrow Mr. Wallace, of Cobourg. Wideawake J. Elliott, Cobourg; B. Standley. Ripple Messrs. Jones and Blake. Foam Mr. Greene, Mr. Armstrong. Sea Gull J. H Maingay, Hamilton. Ranavata Mbnjaca E. Blake. Mr. Wm. Armstrong, a well known local artist, who has been identified with the Royal Canadian Yacht Club from the beginning, furnishes the fol lowing list of yachts. It goes back as far as 1850, and extends as far as the time of the well known White Wings: Iroquois Captain Strachan, Major Magrath. Oa-nada (1) George Cruikshank, Aid. Sherwood. Hochelaga Captain Delateur. Norah Creina Major Magrath. Cherokee Dr. Hodder. Emerald Sir H. Daliymple and offi cers of the 71st Highland Light Infan try. Wave J. T. Robertson. Kestrel J. H- G. Hagarty. Fairy T. Begley, J. T. Robertson. Rivet Messrs. Dickson, Hamilton, Elmsley et al. Geraldine Dr. Hodder. Coral J. Matthews. Sea Gull Wyatt and Dodge. Breeze Dr. Hodder. Saginaw A. Gamble. Mackinaw 3A W. Armstrong. Gorilla Capt. Gifford, Coboarg; B. Standley. Foam Anderson Brothers. Sphinx Mr. Sampson, Mr. Morgan Ida George Eadie. Canada (2) Mr. Carpenter. LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 3 Ina T. McGaw, Col. Shaw. Annis Col. Shaw. Alarm Col. Grasett. Escape Capt. Murray, F. A- Turner. Oriole (1) J. Leys, G. Gooderham. Countess of Eufferin Syndicate. Iris Mr. Read. Mad Cap Commodore A. R. Bos well. Cygnet T. McGaw. Atalanta Mr. Ayres, Brighton. White Wings Aemilius Jarvis. Of the yachts mentioned in the list many are scarcely now even a mem ory. The first Canada was of 25 tons burden, and, at the time of the Prince of Wales visit to Canada, was the larg est yacht in the fleet of the Canadian winner, was built at Cobourg in 1862, and rebuilt ten years later. She won the Prince of Wales Cup in 1862, 1863, 1864 and in 1872. Th schooner yacht Ripple was another famous cup winner. She was bui.lt in 1865 for Mr. E. Blake, and carried off the Prince of Wales Cup twice in succession. She was broken up in 1870. The Prince of Wales Cup was wrested from her in 1868 by the schooner Geraldine, a yacht owned by the late Dr. E. M. Hodder, at one time commodore of the Royal Canadian Yacht Club. She was j of 28 tons burden, and was a familiar figure in Toronto harbour for fifteen years or more. Cherokee was another Duett (i) Yacht Glut), the present R. C. Y. C. The Sea Gull, Arrow and Rivet were [ of 17 tons or so. Commodore Durie s ! Water Lily and J. T. Robertson s Dart were two or three tons smaller. Prima Donna and Glance came under the sec ond, class of the club ten tons and un der. Prima Donna won fame for herself in the regatta of October 2, 1858, when she defeated Wave and the rest of the fleet, with 8 minutes and 24 seconds ! to spare. The Wideawake was a little j fonr-toiHier, built on the Genessee for : Mr. J. Elliott, of Cobourg. She won the first Prince of Wales Cup race, sailed in 1861. The Gorilla, a 28-ton sloop, another Prince of Wales Cup yacht owned by Dr. Hodder. She was one of the Canadian Yacht Clnb s craft when the club was organized. She passed into the hands of Mr. C. H. Sampson in 1872. A third yacht owned by Dr. Hodder was the unfor tunate sloo Breeze, that was lost off the mouth of the Humber River. The sloop Mosquito of 12 tons bur den, was among the craok yachts of Toronto in 1869, and won the Prince of Wales Cup that year. The trophy was won by a 15-ton cutter named the Ida, owned by Mr. George Eadie, in 1870. The little Mad Cap is a yacht that will dwell long In the memory of local LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. Corinthians. She was the property of Comm odors A. R. Boswell, and won the Prince of Wales Cup in 1880. Of the Toronto yachts that found a cradle in the bottom of the lake, per haps the best known is the old, sloop Foam. She was owned by the Ander son brothers, in the seventies. In a squall off the mouth of the Niagara River she went down with all hands. Sphinx, another sloop, shared the same fate some years later. rigged, but was somewhat smaller than the present Oriole. She was first own ed by Mr. W. C. Campbell, who raced her with great success in the seasons ; of 1874 and 1875. In both years she | won the Prince of AVales Cup race, i over the Niagara course. Brunette won this trophy in 1876, but for the next three years in succession the trophy : went to the Oriole. She was then I owned by Mr. J". Leys, and others. Fhe I was purchased, by Mr. George Gooder- The name of the yacht Oriole is a household word in Toronto, and Mr. G. Gooderham s magnificent racing and cruising schooner is a very familiar figure in the harbour. She is the se cond schooner to bear the name she honours. The first Oriole was built in Toronto in 1873, from the designs of Mr. Carey Smith. She was schooner ham, and was broken up in 1886, after a very successful, career. She was succeeded by the present grand schooner yacht of the same name. The first Oriole had few rivals as a racer, but when Mr. W. G. Gooderham s cut ter Aileen was brought out her daya were numbered. LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. The following list of the club fleet in 1855 is furnished by Mr. Armstrong : Albacore Mr. Stow. Prima Donna S. Munro. Osprey Mr. Green. Challenge J. Arnold. Lone Star Mr. Pardy. Rosa J. Cameron. Jenny Lind 3. Sherwood. Ariel Mr. Reid. Odin J. Price. Fairy Kivas Tully. Undine J. Ewart. Cora lie J. Ethrick. Storm Queen Jones Bros. S agin -i vv ambie. Every yachtsman in Canada has heard of the famous White Wings, th Cuthbert sloop that has, since 189o, been doing duty as a stone-hooker. At tbe present tkne there is littJe about Mr. Jarvis sold the White Wings to a Hamilton syndicati, composed of Messrs Lester, Birley, Chambropk, T Wnsend, et al. She was raced with varying success up to 1891, when she was again sold. She over-run her an chor, in th: autumn of 1892, when at tempting t. bring up in very shallow water near Wilson, N.Y. She was taken to Port Credit for repairs, and shortly ciierwards was bought by Captain L. Nash, wb i took th > topmast out of h>r, reduced the size of her big cabin trunk an sailed her in the stone trade, be- c raing the envy of all the stone-hook er captains on the lake. It wfts impossible to capsize the White Wings, but this very nearly hap pined on one occasion. She was coming dpwn th? lafce with everything set, I wh:?n a h?avy squall struck her when 1 abreast of Humber Bay. She lay over her dingy black hull, with its batter ed rail and dumpy little cabin trunk, to indicate the famous racer. Yet a second glance at the easy sheer, long, sharp entrance and clean run, as well as the cut of tho patched mainsail and staysail and jib, comprising the hook er s entire spread of canvas, will show that she has seen better days. White Winigs was built by Cuth bert in 1886 for a Mr. Cooley, of Trenton. She was 42.83 ft. on the Water line, and of 45.74 feet racing length. Shi was raced at Belle"ille and Oswego, and showed good speed, but failed t ) take first place. Mr. Ae- milkis J irvis, commodore of the Royal Canadian Yacht Club, bought her in 1887, and sold her in the spring of 18R9. It was under his ownership that sh? won the White Wings Cup, at Put In B^iy regatta, a trophy that was sub- s^ouently presented to the Hamilton Club for perpetual competition. on her beams ends, and the frighten ed crew promptly scrambled into the dinghy and cast off. Ere they reached slhore the White Wings righted. The crew pulled towards her, and, like a Sportive colt, she payed off and ran aWay from them, faster than they could possibly row. After she had jibed two or three times, and the w< ary mariners were almost dead with row ing, they caught up to her and clam bered aboard, exhausted but extreme ly thankful. The first Canadian vessel, as well as the last schooner yacht, to challenge for the America s Cup, was the Coun tess of Dufferin. She was built at Cobourg by Alexander Cuthbert.. a famous designer of yachts of the old centreboard type 1 . She was owned by a syndicate- composed of various lake yachtsmen. Colonel G-ifford, Mr. Fred erick Lucas, of Hamilton, and Major Torrance were among the members. LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. The Countess of Dufferin was launched at Cobourg in the spring of 1876. She was 101 feet on the water! ine, 23 feet 7 inches beam, and drew 7 feet 3 inches, without her centreboard. She received her name in honour of the wife of the then Governor-General of Canada. The big schooner (sbs was one of the largest yachts on the lakes) went down to New York by way of the St. Law rence river and Halifax, arriving at New York after a twenty-dav voyage from Quebec, during which her new canvass stretched and became so baggy that a fresh suit was ordered. She was intended to sail with a big tario. She sailed several matches here, and was defeated by the first Oriole. In the spring of 1578 she was sold to Captain Prenderville, of the Chicago Yacht Club, and taken by him up to Lake Michigan. She later passed intc the hands of Mr. W. Borden and Mr. Philpot, of Chicago, and, upon the de cline of the Chicago Yacht Club, \vas scuttled and sunk outside of Chicago breakwater. Canada furnished two challengers for the Blue Ribbon of the Ocean," the America s Cup. The second challenger was the centreboard sloop Atalanta, designed and built by the famous Alex ander Cuthbert, of Belleville. She was square sail on the foremast, but the rule of the New York Yacht Club for bade this. The vessel selected to defend the America Cup was the schooner Made line. She defeated the Canadian in two successive races, on August 11, and August 12. The Countess of Dufferin proved the smarter by the wind, but her light sails were not handled with anything like the promptness of her rival. The original America sailed over the course with the competitors, and proved herself a better boat than the Canadian. After her failure to capture the coveted trophy the Countess of Duf- , ferin was brought back to Lake On- 78 feet over all, 68 feet l.w.L, 19 feet 6 inches beam, and 6 feet 5 inches draught. She cost $2,100. Her bal last was made of iron ore and stone, packed under her ceiling as well aa possible. The Atalanta went down to New York by way of the Erie Canal, ! and reached salt water after consider able difficulty, on October 31st, 1881. j The races for the fatuous trophy were sailed in the second week of November. Atalanta was handicapped by her bal last of iron and stone, instead of lead casting, and by her lack ot crew, the men promised by the Belleville Yacht Club failing to arrive. In the first race with Mischief At;ilanta was beaten by 28 minutes. She lost 40 minutes LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. in reefing. In the second race she made a mistake as to the position ot a buoy, and Mischief again won, set tling the ownership of the cup for 1881. Atalanta performed so well, handi capped as she was, that it was intend ed to sail for the Amarica Cup next year, but the New York Yacht Club passed resolutions restricting Am erica Cup matches to yachts built on salt water, and the lake yachtsmen s hopes were blighted. The big sloop was brought back to I country and raced, at first by Messrs. I Dickson and Hamilton, and later by Mr. Hutcheson and Mr. Henderson and Messrs. E. and S. Blake. The Rivet was bought in 1862 by Mr. Remy Elmsley, who owned and sailed her for i eighteen years. He sold her in 1880. ; Mr. H. BJake, captain of the Toronto Yacht Club, became her owner. In 1890 i the Rivet went out of commission and was taken up to Hamilton, where she is at present owned. She baa not done much sailing of late. Lake Ontario, and played a prominent part in the races of ths. next ten years. She was found to be oversparred, and her mainmast was shortened by eight feet. She was especially fast in light winds. She wgfi finally sold to some Chicago yachtsmen. One of the best known yachts around Toronto, and one which still (1899) sur vives, is the iron cutter Rivet. She was of 17 tons measurement and 40 feet 1. w. 1., and was built in England m 1855, and was brought out to this I The Rivet was remarkable for her speed in heavy weather and the vast amount of head-reaching she would do, owing to the way she carried. Rivet was sailed in the regatta of September 11, 1860, in honour of the Prince of Wales visit to Toronto, by E. and S. BJake. The race was to Mimico, in a fresh breeze and heavy sea. Rivet and Arrow were the only ones to finish in their class, and the iron cutter s windjamming qualities brought her in a winner, with fifteen 8 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. minutes *o spare. Tlbls resulted in the presentation of the Prince of Wales challenge cup to the Royal Canadian t acht Club in 1861. Anoiher weJl-remembered yacht is the Alarm, a 40-ton vessel, built at Goder- ich in 1875 and bought by Lieut.-Col. Grasett, now Chief of Police, two years later. The Alarm was rigged as a schooner when owned by Mr. Hayes, of Seaforth, but when she was brought to Toronto she was changed to a yawl, and subsequently raced under a cut ter rig. She was intended for a cruiser, nd when sir passed into the hands of Lieut.-Col. &ras c tt and Messrs. Fis- CHAPTER IL TWO OLD FLAGS. An Old Time Political Incident Wm. Lyon Mackenzie and the Provincial Parliament Marshall S. Bidwell. It is a loos cry from 1832 to this year cxf grace 1904, and few, if uny, people are now alive who remember with any degree of distinctness the stirriag political events which took place both in Canada and Great Bri tain in the former year. With these kin and Anderson, who also had an interest in her, she was lengthened and handsomely re-fitted throughout. She took part in a great many of the Royal Canadian Yacht Club races, and, when heeled to a certain angle and in stmoth water, would develop re markable speed. Otherwise she was comparatively slow. She created a great sensation once by leading the whole fleet in a cruising race to Nia gara, when it was expected that she \v uld be one of the last boats to finish The Alarm was sold and broken up in the latter part of the eighties. events, as well as with the still more troublous period for Canada at least of 1837-38, the history of the two flags is indissolubly connected. In the Parliamentary session of 1831, William Lyon Mackenzie, who was representative for the town of York (Toronto), was by a vote of the House expelled th?re rom, in consequence of utt.cks made by him in his paper, the Colonial Advocate, on the Government of the day. These attacks were con sidered false and libellous and all but treasonable by a majority of the As sembly, and their ; uthor, who never LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 9 attempted to disci im his responsibil ity was expelled fro.n the House, only to be re-elected thereto by a great : majority. The expulsion of Mr. Mackenzie from the House was, however, far from unanimous. Mr. Marshall S. Bidwell, member for Lennox and Addmgton, not only speaking most strongly ag.unst the proposal, but, with the courage of his opinions, voting against ir also. Mr. Ridwell was in fact, i the time being the leader of the Op position, and in some sens- 1 a popular hero. Mr BUI well was a barrister oy pro fession, resi ling at 38 Lot street (now Queea street), Toronto, and was held by many people in very high esteem. ! The spirit of discontent which was voice i by Mackenzie in 1831-32 did not subsi ie bu <jrev,- year by year, until the general election of 1836, when Mackenzie was defeated at the polls by a substantial majority. Marshall S. Biiwell, at this time, though well kno n to be in accord in opinion with the advrnce .1 Reformers had to a great e-tent retired from political life, and as devoting himself to the duties of his profession. Another year passed by; Kins William IV. died; Queen Victoria came to the throne; rnd still _the grievances under which Canadians groaned were not ; meliorated, nor did there appear any probability of such a course of policy being adopted by the Government as would allay the prevailing discontent. Then came the appeal to arms by Mackenzie and his fo" lowers in December, 1837. and their total defeat at the skirmish (for it wa? no more) a>t Gallows Hill. Montgomery s tavern on Tonge street, the headquarters of the rebel force, was, as is well ktnown, burnt to the ground by orders of Sir Francis Bond-Head, while among the various things confiscated which had been in the possession of the rebels were the two flags. When Sir Francis Head was recal ed after the Rebellion by the Im" rial Government, he took these relics with him to Eng and and they were not unearthed until 1897. when ft relative of his found them _and caused them to be displayed as objects of interest at a banquet given to colo nial representatives in London, Eng land. Once more to return to Mr. Bi dwell. The day after the engagement at Gallor.vs Hill a packet of letters ar rived at the Prvronto post-office ad dressed to Marshall S. Bidwell, which, ba accordance with orders from the Executive Council, were sent unopened to Sir Francis Bond-Head, the Lieu- t^nant-Go>vernor. On receiving these letters Sir Francis sent for Mr. Bid- wel and made the fo 1 lowing proposi tion to him. Addressing Mr. Bidwell, he said: You must be .aware that you are regarded here with much sus picion as one disloyal to the Queen s Government, and that consequently your position in society must hence forth be anything but comfortable to your feelings: here are a number of letters addressed to you, as you per ceive, with the seals unbroken ; will you receive these letters unopened and voluntarily quit the country for ever, or stay and submit to have them ex amined, taking t he chance of what they may reveal? To satisfy you that it is not by the Government alone that you are presumed to be disloyal, look at this flag." Sir Francis here produced the flag. Mr. Bidwell gave the Lieu* tenant-Governor a long explanation of his conduct, the purport of which was to prove the impossibility that he could have had anything to do with the re bel ions proceedings which culminated at Gallows Hill. These remarks were heard with attention and courtesy, and on their conclusion the Lieutenant- Governor again gave Mr. alternative of leaving the country for i ever or to submit the letters to a scrutiny- The former course was the owe chosen, and Mr. Bidwell was then informed by the Lieutenant-Governor that he, Mr. Bidwell, must send in a letter announcing his determination to quit the country for ever, when his i par-ket should be delivered to him m- i tact. Mr. Bidwell then left Govern- rnent House shortly afterwards send- in- the following letter to Sir Francis Head on the receipt of which his packet was re.urned to him. The letter read as follows: Toronto, December 8th, 1837. Sir In consequence of the kind con versation of your Excellency this morn ing I have determined to leave this province forever. L I pm aware that the circumsuinces to which your Excellency alluded are calculated to gi^e rise to suspicions against me in i elation to this insur rection, and while they would be like ly to render my further residence this province unpleasant, they maxt your Excellency s kindness the more worthy of my deep and lasting grati- U I am confident at the same time that the investigation which will now course be made, will fully remove 10 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. these suspicions from your Excellency s mind, and will prove that no such &C~ tempt was in contemplation. I have, etc., MARgBLALiL S. EIDW ELL. His Excellency, Sir Francis Bond Head. Commenting on this incident the Pa triot newspaper of April 16th, 1838, remarked.- "Tihere is no law to pre vent Mr. Bidwell from returning to this province, nor any obstacles but his own voluntary pledge." It mav have, technically speaking, been a "vol untary pledge," but to most peon "> it will look very much like, "there being no compulsion, ladies and gen tlemen, only you must." It may be mentioned that in a let- elg describing the affair at Gllow Hill says: "The rebels having been deprived of their flag, on which was inscribed in large letters, Bidwell and the glorious manority," 1837 and a g^ocl beginning, the militia advanced in pursuit of the rebels about four miles." There is little or no doubt that Mr. Bidwell was right and the Lieutenant- Governor wrong, and the great danger of circumstantial evidence is once more exemplified, for the flag, it appears, had been at Montgomery s tavern since j January 1st, 1832, on which day Wil liam Lyon Mackenzie was re-elected to the Legislative AssTmbly after being ter dated February 15, 1838, from Mr. J. Joseph, Clerk, to the Executive Coun cil, addressed to the treasurer of the Incorporated Law Society of Upper Canada, this account of the interview between Sir Francis Bond-Head and Mr. Bidwll is confirmed in every de tail. Regarding this flag, or these flags, Mr. Bidwell himself said of the one that it had been got up for an elec tioneering purpose and not in connec tion with the insurrection. The Lieutenant-Governor evidently entertained a very different opinion to that of Mr. Bidwell, for he, Sir Fran cis Head, in his despatch to Lord Glee- expelled. The words Bidwell and the glorious manority (minority)" referred to the part taken by Mr. Bidwell and the minority oi the Assembly in oppos- ! ing Mackenzie s expulsion. The fol- lowing paragraph from the Toronto , Guardian of January 4th, 1832, refers to ! this flag : li A procession was formed to escort Mr. Mackenzie to the town. He was placed on the second story I (sic) of an immense sleigh, belonging to Mr. Montgome-ry, which was drawn by four horses, and carried between twenty and thirty men and two or three Scotch musicians. One of the most singular curiosities of the day was a littl 1 printing press placed on LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 11 one of the sleighs, and, warmed by a furnace, on which a couple of boys con tinued while moving through the streets, to strike off their New \ ear s address and throw it to the people. Over the press was hoisted a crimson flag with the motto, "The Liberty of the Press. The mottoes of the other flags were King William IV., and Re form, Bidwell and the Glorious Minor ity, 1832, a good beginning. Here the whole mystery is explained about the flag and about its being at Mont gomery s. Some of the rebels during their two or three days rendezvous there had changed the figure 2 into a 7." There is not the least doubt that the statement of the Guardian is cor rect, and that so far as the flag was concerned, it in the first place had nothing to do with the rebels or their plans. None of the actors in this particular political drama are now alive, but a glance at this incident, scarcely hitherto known in connection with the history of the rebellion, wil] not be without interest. CHAPTER III. NORTH YORK MILITIA. A Regimental Return for 1838 List of Officers, Where They Came From, and Who They Were. So much interest is now being taken in the Canadian militia that a retro spect of the past, so that it may be compared with the present, will probably prove of considerable in terest to many. By the courtesy of Mr. John Small, of this citjj, a "Field Return" of the 4th Regiment of North York militia assembled on parade at Richmond Hill, in the town ship of Vaughan, in the county of York, on June 4th, 1638, has been hand ed to The Evening Telegram. The numbers were as follows: Lieutenant-Colonel -.. 1 Major 1 Captains 7 Lieutenants 9 Ensigns 8 Adjutant 1 Surgeor 1 Sergenrus 20 Privates... . 653 Absent with leave without leave... 701 . 19 . 5 725 There were ten companies eom- i prising the battalion, the strongest of these being No. 4, with two officers, two sergeants and 105 privates. The weakest was No. 10, with two ser geants and but 44 men. The limits i from which the corps was drawn was i the whole of the township of | Vaughan. The names of the commissioned of ficers were : Oc4., C. C. Sunall, city of Toronto. Lierat.-Oo.l., John Arnold, Vaughan. Major, Joirn Miles, Vaughan. Cant aims, D. Bridgfwd, F. Boyd,, both of Vaughan; Robert Baldwin, city of | Toronto; Benjamin Thome, James Farr, A. Lawrence, all of Vaughan; E. Gold smith, city of Toronto; Geo. Stegman, Charles E. Lawrence and Larratt Smith, also all of Vaughan. Lieutenants, James Sdnclair, Roibert Burr, Larratt Smith, jr., D. Cameron, R. D. Bridgforrl, John Boyd, Miles Langst aff, Richard Hutchinson and Thomas Cook. All of these, with the exception of Larratt Smith, jr., city of Toronto, were returned as being of Vaughan. Ensigns, John Arnold, John Demp- sey, George Beardmore, Peter Vande- brugh, Horace Wilcox, J. R. Gowan and John S. Bridgford. Of these John Dempsey and J. R. Gowan were from Toronto, the remainder were, like the great majority of the other officers, from Vanghan. Adjutant-Captain, J. Bell, Toronto. Surgeon, James McCuaig, York. In the column set apart in this re turn for "Remarks," it is stated "Captain L. Smith, Lieut. Barwick, Ensigns Peek and Smellie have re signed, rather declined, accepting commissions." It is hard to suppress amusement when one learns from the "return of arms and accoutrements" that the corps possessed thirty-one English muskets and 500 rounds of ammuni tion only ! Another memorandum attached to this old document is that thtere were "within the limits of the Regiment" 24 Menonists and 19 Tankers " ex empt r>d from militia duty." It is only fair to add that "militia duty" consisted in assembling at the head quarters erf the corps once a year, nnmely on June 4th, George III. birth day. Later this date was changed to May 24th and so remained until the Sedentary Militia became a matter of history. 12 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. A few words can be said respecting some of the officers. The colonel, C. C. Small, was a son of Major Small, who was clerk of the first Execu tive Ocwincil of the Province of LTpper Canada, during the regime of Govern or Simcoe. Colonel Small resided at Berkeley House on King street east, where he died March 17th, 1864. Major John Arnold belonged to a well known family who settled in the County of York in the very earliest days. Captain Francis Boyd, was father of i A \*fi Q? changes that arise in this the late Judge Boyd of this city. i world Elbe Golden Lion is a thing Captain Robert Baldwin, was one ol tne P 3 * 5 *- Toronto knows it no the well-known Toronto family, he re- more. sided on Bay street. ne business afterwards known aa Captain Thome, was a member of ! ^^ Golden Lion was founded by Thome & Parsons, tanners, of Thorn- | SP^F 1 Walker in conjunction with hill. Captain Lawrence afterwards became colonel in command of the regiment and Captain Goldsmith was a well-known official of the Bank of Upper Canada. Captain Stegman s family after his death came to reside in Toronto, where there still live peared from the south side of King street east in 1901. This old familiar friend, this "well- kn:wn spot," was the "Golden Lion" dry-goods establishment, for so many years associated with the Walker family. Years ago the younger generation of Toronto thought that " men might come and men might go," nevertheless the " Golden Lion " would still " go on forever." Hutchinson in 1830, in a small store situated on the site now occupied by thrj N^rdheimcr Music Company. This business fiim was( then known under the sty Is of Walker & Hutchinson. Mr. Hutchinson was a brother-in-law of the senior member of the firm and the business was carri ed cm by thtem under their joint namea until 1853, when the partnership was >lved. In the latter part of the year 1848, many vears i ^ P c ssibl -y ev ein in 18 ^9. Messrs. Walk- died here in 1897. John Dempsey was **? H utchinon, who had then ac- nl^n, n wn n_ir., T l~ ! Quired a very substantial business, many representatives. Among the other officers, Lt. Ro land Burr was a well-known dealer in and maker of mill stones. John i Boyd, was the late judge who lived in oronto for firm of the & Blevins. Late - he was clerk at Oseoode Ha 11 T P f. ront door a ma s iv GWan wa father S Mr Gowan S hon " the firm of Small, Gowan & sT Shy Captain and adjutant John Bell was a well-known Toronto lawyr Hi* house was on the eastern side of Church street between Adelaide and Queen street east. trade-mark and placed over tneir figur: of a ..nich figure . .its position, m storm and m ram and hail > ^^ 1886 - when lt was replaced by a stome lion, which, however, was not gilt. Tne ( cld Qr igi na l) golden lion, wh- -n supplanted by the stone one, was re- . Of all the officora whose n ms have i moved fram tn - front of the premises been given there is now (1903) only and P lriced 07er th;; principal door one survivor. He is Larrau Smif : leadin g to th;? shipping department of who despite his advancing years is tlie Wal - ker firm situated on Colborne still hearty, hale and vigorous street. There too it remained until the building was dismantled, and then " vanity of vanities, all is vanity," it -- was taken d >\vn and was found to be ; in such a state of utter decay that it was wholly unfit even for firewood. Alas, for leonine greatness ! The partnership between Robert Walker and Thomas Hutchinson was dissolved in 1853, when the latter re- An Old Familiar Place of Business _ tired from the firm, and so incensed One. the Resort of AM Country Buy- 5 iS^yStS fifft&^K ers Amusing Reminiscences. ed from his former colleague, that he opened a few doors below his late An old and familiar landmark for place of business, what was, for the over sixty years in Toronto disap- Toronto of those days, an immense CHAPTER IV. THE GOLDEN LION. LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 13 premises, ateo for tlhe sale of dry goods, calling it "The Pantechneth- eca." RivaLry was very keen between the "Pantec," as the boys of Toronto de lighted to call it, and The Golden Lion>" and, sad to say, for the pro prietor of the former establishonent at any rate if for nobody else, even- to ba no less a personage than his Majesty the King of Delhi, who had revolted against the British during | the gtreat Indian mutiny, and had, after fearful conflict, been captured I by her Britannic Majesty s victorious I troops. This barefaced, deceptive advertise- wn.s Tiot allowed to pass un- yuffjjwffpmtwtylAflivi/MWi /ifyfifiit vu2fffmf/LUfff<U(/f/y7ji. ,O> o.g if,. -Ort -qu/a-g SJS^^^S^f ^-iS <a a XTC THE GOLDEK LION, tually "Th Golden Lion" came out on top. Almost as soon as the Pantechneth- eca started in business they secured tiie services of a gentleman of colour, who, arrayed in gorgeous raiment, marched up and down in front of the PantecJmetheca premises and was an nounced by an obsequious page boy KING STBJSBT HAST. by the firm, as it had then becomie, of Robert Walker & Son, for the-y almost immediately placed a gigantic transparency across King street, informing an interested and amused public that there was " no hfumbug a-t the oJd reliable sign of the Golden Lion." Besides this definite assertion, tbwy hinted in divers ways 14 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. somewhat more than obscurely that anybody who weaat to a certain estab- lishjm&njt, not a great many yards eastward from their OWIL, would most sorely be "take-n in and done for." The Pantechnetheca did not last long. Late in 1858 it vanished from King street east, and though the pre mises wetre there, the glory had de parted. For a great oonrber of years the Gokbetn Lion was the one store in Tb- rpruto where the country people out side of Toronto habitually went. Farmers, agricultural labourers, coun try residents generally, when they came to Toronto weoit to the Golden Lion as a matter of course; they had confidence in the place, and the firm never did anything to show that this confidence was misplaced. Gradually, with the growth of population and tho increase af stores for the sale of dry goods, the Golden Lion ceased to become the "Mfccea" of country shop pers as it had been during the "for ties," "fifties," and early "sixties." Since 1898, owing to deaths and other causes, the business was closed, and a little later the premises sold for other purposes than that of shop- keeping, and what had at one tune been one of the principal attractions of Toronto, among its places of busi ness, ceased to exist. It will be interesting to note that the first cterk employed in 1846 by Messrs. Walker & Son was Mr. Thos. Thompson, who afterwards founded the Mammoth House, opposite St. Lawrence Hall, on King street east. CHAPTER V. THE OLD DON BRIDGE. Changes That Have Been Effected in the Locality in the Last Fifty Years A Great Crime Recalled. The sketch of the old Don bridge, which was erected in 1851 on about the site of the present bridge, was the scene on the 1st of December, 1859, of a terrible tragedy. On that night Mr. John Sheridan Hogan, a well known member of Parliament, was crossing the bridge on his way home from Mr. Beachall s house east of the Don, when he was attacked by a crowd of ruffians who knocked him senseless and then threw his body into the river from the centre of the south side ot the bridge. Mr. I H agon s disappearance created a great deal of excitement, for his body was not discovered till 1861. The persons concerned were members of | a gang knowaa as the Brooks Bush j Gang, and while every effort was i made to fasten the crime on two or j three of the gang, James Brown, one of the number, was found guilty of striking the blow and for his deed j suffered death on March 10, 1862. The locality at the present time is ! entirely changed. A new iron bridge stands in place of the wooden bridge of that date, and the neighbourhood is fairly well built up where at one time were fields and pasture land. The house shown as No. 1 in the sketch was that of Benjamin Tomlin, ! who kept a tavern -known as the "Lily of the Valley" on the south side of Gerrard street, probably east of the present Gerrard street bridge. ! The house was removed several years ago. No. 2 is a small house and rear sited, now demolished; on the south side of King street east, situated west of a building now used as a ! carriage factory and numbered 645 I King street east. No. 3 is the Don Bridge which was i built in 1851 by the late Emerson i Coatsworth, the late City Commis sioner. About 20 years later it was covered in, and on the north and south sides footpaths were made for passengers. In 1878 the bridge was i swept away, and in October of the same year the present structure was erected, which was partially rebuilt and strengthened in 1893. No. 4 was, and is still, the house of Mrs. Tobias Heinrich, No. G18 Queen street east. Mrs. Heinrich has resid- 1 ed there sintee the death of her hus- I band. This is the first house on the j north side of Queen street, east of the j river. Nt>. 5 is the house, of John Thomson, who lived in that neighbourhood in the early part of the century. He settled there about 1820. No. 6 is the homestead of the Smith family from 1806 till 1892. It was situated on the south side of Queen street, immediately east of the Don. This homestead was only demolished entirely in 1902. A very good picture of it, as it was, is in Robertson s Landmarks, Vol. 1, p. 132. There have been many bridges over the Don. The first bridge was known as Playter s Bridge. It ,was higher up LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 15 16 LANDMARKS OP TORONTO. the river at the east end of Win- Wilson on leaving the school became Chester street. Then there was the ! an Anglican clergyman, bridge known as Seadding s Bridge, : The square marked "School House" which was there in the time of Gov- . on lot. 3 was the site of the old Blue ernor Simcoe in 1794. ; School, but a record shows that this During the troubles of 1837 a num- i school when built was further east her of those who took part in the i about the centre of lot 7 and late Rebellion, under Col. Von Egmond, I in the thirties the building was re set fire to the bridge and partially moved to lot 11, on the south side of destroyed it. The damage was soon March street, east of the word fence" repaired, however, and the bridge on the southeast corner of New and continued in use till 1850 when, in a March streets. spring freshet in the early part of Richmond street, prior to 1834, com- A.pril, it was swept away. While this menced at New (Nelson) street and bridge was being reconstructed after ran -y^st to Yonge street and ended the flood a boat known as the Cigar there. The continuation of Rich- Ferry Boat was used in conveying mo nd street to its west limit at Peter passengers and vehicles to and from street was called Hospital street, the city. The late Richard Tinning probably because it led to the General was enterprising enough to operate Hospital, which was situated in the this ferry, but Ma enterprise (as it block bounded by Newgate (Adelaide), destroyed a good deal of the trade j o hn and King streets, in ferrying people across the Don) Church street, the directory of 1834 aroused the anger of the longshore- says, commences opposite the land- men who had been doing this trade, i ni g place and wharf on Front street and one night after the Cigar boat an( j ru ns north." It crossed Rich- crew had left their craft, the boat , m ond street and then across "a street was sank in the eaat bank of the i intended to be a continuation of Lot Don, near the Smith homestead. The street, but intercepted by land to the craft was raised and was of service eas t (now Queen street) belonging to till the bridge was rebuilt. CHAPTER VI. THE ORIGINAL SCHOOL RESERVE. An Old Plan of Part of the Original Town of York, Made by the Deputy Surveyor-General. the Hon. G. W. Allan and S. P. Jar- vis, Esq." The directory of 1834 also says, "Lot street east commences also in Yonge street opposite here, but is intercept ed by the grounds of Capt. McGilL S. P. Jarvis, Esq., and the Hon. G. W. Allan ; past them it is open and ex tends to the Catholic church, intended to be a continuation to the Don bridge." All this means that Church street ran to the north line of Richmond This plan of a section of the town i street, and that Lot street (Queen) of York was made by J. G. Chewitt, did run east of Yonge street, but the Deputy Surveyor -General, on the was not opened from the present 24th April of a year later than 1834 Bond street to Church street. The and probably prior to 1837. New street first property east of Bond was the was not known as Nelson street until MeGill property (Metropolitan square), after 1834, so that the plan was cer- further east from Church to Jarvis tainly made after that date. was the S. P. Jarvis property, and The easterly street shown running i ea st to Caroline (Sherbourne) was the north and south is New, afterwards Allan property, and the aext lot east Nelson street, which ran north to wars the Ridout property, extending to Lot, or Queen, street. When opened Seaton street. The Catholic church north of Queen it was called Jarvis I referred to was old St. Paul s, on street. I what is now Power street. The sehoolhouse at the north-east The Public Library of to-day stands corner of New (Nelson) and Newgate : on lot 11 at the north-east corner of (Adelaide street) was the National Church and Newgate (Adelaide) street. School, of which Mir. Joseph Spragge In 1797 Hospital street is shown as and Mr. J. T. Wilson were masters, running to New street, and the square Mr. Spragge was the father of the bounded by Church, Hospital (Rich- late Vice-Chancellor Spragge, and Mr. mond), New and Newgate streets was LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 17 for Public school purposes. The old Blue School and the National School, therefore, stood on this square. March street east (Stanley) (Lom bard) in 1834 commenced "in Church street" and ran "east to New street" (Nelson) (Jarvis) ; March street west commenced in Church street and ran west "to Upper George street." now Victoria street. nioorth by thte side of the gaol totNew- gate (Adelaide) street." On the east side, at the present Court street, was the gaol, and at the Trust and Loan corner stood "the Episcopal Method ist church." The original roadway which led to the market from the north was down Yonge street to Lot (Queen) street east, then down Lot street east to lT> X or ID v-- CD _J UJ O z H UJ LJ oc h- llJ z. RICH M N D NM S-r 2 5 3 a. 5 T 8 10 Jl I 12 12 .10 a 8 r 6 5 4 3 1 II 2 MARCH (STANLEY) 5 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 knee II * 1 Sthool pouse M 12 12 9 8 r 6 5 O 01 5 1 (I 2 is NEWGATE S T c? ww&l <? PLAN of SUKVEY SHEW/NG THE SCHOOL RESERVATION IN THE TOWN or YORK. DIVIDED INTOI LOTS. Sctle.fofeet to A n Inch,. ^/_ **~ ^*/rf ^^ ^ ttet/si / ORIGFNAL SCHOOL RESERVE. Upper George street (Victoria) is not, shown on this plan, but it was "a cross street running from Newgate (Adelaide) street, nearly opposite the gaol." which stood on the southeast corner of Toronto and what is now Court street, as far as Richmond street. Toronto street, the directory says, "commences in King street and runs Upper Gorge street (Victoria), and Toronto street to King. Toronto street in the plan of 1797 is not shown as at present, but run ning in a straight line north to Lot (Queen) street. The plan was, at a later date, changed, and Toronto street endsd at Newgate (Adelaide) street in I ront of the present post- office. LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. CHAPTER VII. PRIMITIVE METHODS. Tools Used by Red Man Stone, Cop per, Bone and Hide His Chief Ma terials Ornaments and Trinkets. Long before the saw, the adze, the auger or the chisel found their way to the shores of this vast continent, the carpenter flourished at his trade built boxes, troughs, tables, benches and other articles of household fur niture with a moderate, degree of success. His joints were perhaps not quite so true nor his surfaces as smooth as the productions of his Euro pean contemporary, but then his toola were not so finished nor numerous indeed he made most of them himself, an accomplishment that his rival on the other side of the world could not boast of. "Of what did his tools con sist ?" Well, that s a simple question to answer. Here are a few of them: Hatchets and hammers made of stone and copper and fitted to handles with leather thongs; scrapers to answer the purpose of planes made from stone and copper, copper knives and chisels, copper spikes, copper punches, flint drills and scrapers, stone gouges and deer s horn chisels. The copper used by the In dians was not mined but was the na tive metal found on the shores of Lake Superior, hammered into shape with stone f ools. The arts of melting, smelting and tempering were unknown to the red man at that time so that his rneial tools were not remarkable for their solidity and durability. The Indian was a leisurely sort of a-rtiean. His workshop was th^ open air and hLs hours of labour indefinite. He went ten work when he felt .like it, which was seldom, and left! off when ever 1 he wanted to; bear hunts, buffalo chases, or a tribal war being suffi cient inducements to take him from hie bench or table for many a day, leavmg his squaw to do what she could in his absence. But the In dian s domestic needs were few, and time wa3 not pressing, so that what could not be finished in one genera tion was left to the leisure of the next. The dressing of leather was another art Ln which the North American aborigine was skilled, and considering the fact that hii, houses, clothes, har ness, lassos and other necessaries were made from the hides! of the ani mals he slew, the preparation of skins Was of the first importance. The sjcirapers used in cleaning the hides were usually made from shank, bones, while the leather was shaped with etone and copper knives. Tradition 0213 not say whether or not the aboriginal blacksmith con structed his forge under a spreading | chestnut, nor does tradition inform us that he had a forge. In fact, we airs told that he hammered* hla metal cold, with stone hammers. However, his metal instruments were few and as they were all made from native | copper their con&tructkm was com paratively teasy though their value was proportionately less. Tomahawks, tho3 barbarous side- arms which crashed through many a pioneer s skull, were invariably made from stone, dressed into spherical shapes somewhat after the style of a goose egg, and fitted, to pliable wood- e.n handles with leather thongs. In dian arrowhead? are too common to require a description farther than to Say that they were mostly of chipped flint with an occaeional copper tip. The spearheads, too, were of flint and copper fastened to long wooden stalks. It hardly seems conceivable, but yet i/t is a fact, that the red man was at one time so hard put that he made hia digging tools of shoulder-blades and tseta -shells. Among other things which owe their existence to Indian handicraft are horn spoons, plain wooden spoons, hora combs, birch-bark sap-troughs and pails, wooden bowls, wooden sugar-* moulds, bone awls and needles, shell cups and ingenious fish-hooks. It fell to the lot of the squaw to mill the corn and this she did with a very simple contrivance which might almost be called a mortar and pestlo only that the mortar was a good sized rock with a slightly hollowed surface. Into or upon this "mealing-stone" the squaw pound her maize and then pati ently pounded it into flour or meal. The pastry of the Red Indian was not re markable for its variety; cream-puffs* tarts, sponges and fancy cakes wt re unknown to his modest digestive cr- gans, A little water, fat, and shreds of meat mixed with; flour, wa^ almost the limit of any Indian housewifw s knowledge of baking. Rut in the mat ter of joints, roasts and steaks the Indian was an epicure. Broiled fresh venison and buffalo marrow are dishes that might make anv whit* LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 19 man s mouth water, hut the deer and the "buffalo were more plentiful than modern oat tie at that time. The Indian s love for jewellery and other ornaments was a weakness by which many a white trader profited. But before the time of the trader the red man was forced to make his own trinkets. Beads, which were always in great demand, were made from stone, bone and shell, and though not par ticularly attractive, were neverthe less highly prized by their owners- Bear s claws and teeth were also con sidered ornaments of beauty. CHAPTER VHI. THE WAR OF 1812. Capture of Fort Niagara Burning of Buffalo The Man Who Fired the Town A Distinguished Veteran. The, following hitherto unpublished statements relating to the war of j8l2- 14 are extracted from Statement of Services of the late Major-General Richard Say Armstrong, who, as lieu tenant, acted as adjutant to the Brit ish artillery in Canada during the %,ar of 1812 and 1813 with the United States: "19th December, 3813. Assault and Capture of Fort Niagara, State of New York. The assaulting force was ;"80 men ; th American garrison 429 ; 65 of the enemy killed ; 14 officers, 12 sergeants and 318 rank and lile taken prisoners, including wounded. About 20 made their escape over the walls of the fort. We captured 27 pieces of ordnance and 3,00 1 stand of arms. On 25th December, "813, I was sent with two guns to destroy two of the enemy s vessels under Black Rock, &nd forced them to run ashore. On 27th December Lieut.-Col. Drummond moved up to the ferry opposite B ack Rock, with a force of 1,35 > men, under Major- General Riall. On the night of the 30th the troops crossed the Niagara River under cover of the fire of all the artillery under Captain Bridge, and as soon as their landing was effected we likewise crossed. Enemy s force ws from 2,000 to 2,500 men. " They fled from Black Rock to the town of Buf falo, about 2 1-2 miles distant. We fol lowed in close"* pursuit. The enemy again fled, followed by all the in habitants of Buffalo. I received orders from General Riall to, burn the town of Buffalo, in retaliation for the burn ing of Newark, which, with the aid of one gun detachment, I did, with the exception of one detached house, which we left standing, because there was a female in it badly wounded, who must have perished if she had been removed out into the snow, and who, I afterwards had the satisfaction of hearing, had recovered, although she had been shot through the body and tomahawked in the head by an Indian. T le United States shins of war Chippewa, Little Belt, and tripple, were burned by the infantry. On our return to B ack Rock I was ordered to burn it, which was done. We took 13 i prisoners and G guns. Our killed, wounded and missing 113." The foregoing is an account of some of the numerous affairs on the Niagara frontier in which the General was en gaged, and rrost of which, though small affairs, \\ere very perilous to those engaged, especially on the Brit ish side, whos from the vicinity of the State of New York, were greatly out numbered, many officers being victims of the backwoods riflemen, who were especially employed to pick out the British officers, and who were in the habit of climbing trees for that pur pose. The General s brother, Ensign Henry A r mstrong, fell in this \% av, shot in the lungs, and surviving only tive days. He belonged to the Can adian Fencible Regiment. The late General, who, it is believed, was the only British officer who went right through the \var, being (excepting t\vo slight skirmishes) present in every action, and consequently undergoing very great risk, wa* fortunate enough to receive only a slight wound in the l^g, though he had several horses killed and wounded under him. T \e Americans during the w_ar made five different invasions ot Canada, every one of wnich was repulsed, with loss of several of their genera s taken prisoners. The snow rendered oper ations vary difficult and severe, the troops being frequently without shel ter. The General had seen much ser vice in other parts of the world, and had suffered both from yellow fever and Jamaica fever during over half a ecntury (54 years) of active service. He winds up his statement of services as follows: "I may perhaps be per mitted to mention that my father, the late Richard Hirst Armstrong, surgeon 10th Royal Veteran Battalion, after passing the greater part of his life in his Majesty s service, was drowned 20 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. at the shipwreck of the Harpooner, transport, at Cape Race, Newfound land, when on his voyage home with hi^ regiment from Canada, on 10th November, 1816, together with my mother, tw r o sisters and a brother. I was the eldest son; one sister, Mrs. Maude, having been saved from the wreck. His second son, Ensign Henry Armstrong, died on 16th November, 3813, of wounds received in action at Chrystler s Farm, Canada, on llth November, 1813, shot through the lungs. He belonged to the Canadian Fencible Regiment. His third son, Horatio Armstrong, killed by accident in the streets of Quebec in 18:8; knocked do .vn by a sleigh; skull frac tured. His youngest daughter died in Quebec, 1809, the only member of the family who as yet died a natural death. (Signed) R. T Armstrong, Major- Generai from Royal Artillery." This statement of services rendered to his country obtained for Major- General Armstrong the good service pension of 100 per annum. He died at Lucerne, Switzerland, in 1805. CHAPTER IX. YONGE STREET STAGE LINE. How the Early Settler Made his Way to Richmond Hill Transportation to Lake Simcoe in the Early Days. As long as Toronto or York County exists the name of Sir George Yonge, Secretary of War in 1791, will be r.er- { etuated ; for it is from him that Yonge street, the principal thorough fare of the city, and of the county as we 1, received its name. Yonge street is one of the o dest highways in the province. It was originally an Indian trail, leading to Lake Simcoe. In 1794 it was made a bush road by order of Governor Siincoe, the troops of hia Excellency s corps laying the road. So rough was the track that when, in 1797, Baleer Muushaw, one of the founders of the village of Richmond Hill, sought a wilderness home along this thoroughfare, it was found neces sary to take his canvas-top waggon apart, and drag the wheels and axles and other equipment up the steep hills by means of strong ropes. Parts of the road were laid with stone shortly afterwards, but it was not until 1847 that the road was macadamized as far as Holland Landing. And now, fifty years from that date, it is a service able, modern highway, with a baker s dozen of post-offices; and bicycles, elec tric cars, motor-cycles traversing it. Yonge street was one of the old stage coach routes. The first stage line was started in 1828 by George Playter and his sons. The stages were ponderous affairs, of the old English mail coach style, drawn by four horses. In 1832 the line was bought by Wil liam Weller. This gentleman was also the owner of lines of stages to Kings ton and Dundas and Niagara. In his advertisements Mr. We ler guar anteed to take passengers through to Hamilton by daylight on the Lake Shore road. The journey to Kingston generally lasted twenty-eight hours. The headquarters for Weller s lines of stages w r as the Coffin R ock" the wedge-shaped building that then stool on the site of the present build ing at the intersection of Church, Wellington and Front streets. A busy scene was presented at the corner every day with the various stages arriving and departing, north, east and west. The line ^o the north passed into the hands of Charles Thompson, of Summerhill, about 18 0. Mr. Thompson was owner of the is and of St. Joseph, in the Georgian Biy. He was interested in the steamer Beaver, on Lake Simcoe, and was one of the owners of the steamer Morn ing, Captain Lawton, on the same lake. Great difficulty was experienced in fitting out this vessel. Her machinery had to be hauled up Yonge street from Toronto on ro lers, made from sections of tree trunks. Weeks were spent in the trip from the city. The Yonge street stages ran in con nection with these steamers. An old advertisement of 1850 states : A stage in connection with the steamer Morn ing on Lake Simcoe leaves the Simcoe etnge office, LecldeTs building, Church street, daily, Sundaj excepted, at 7 o clock a. m., and at 3 o clock p. m. Another stage in conned ion with the steamer Beaver on Lake Simcoe leaves the Western Hotel daily at 7 o clock a. m. Pine Grove, a stage [eaves the stage office, Liddell s buildings, for Pine Grove daily at 3 o clock p. m., Richmond Hill, Ihornhill and York Mi Is. There are also stages for Rich mond Hill, Thornhill and York Mills leaving the Market Square daily at 4 o clock p. m. From this it will lie seen that there were more "than one line of stages on Yonge street. The second line was started by a Mr. Shuttleworth in LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 21 1817 The vehicles were called omni buses, in contrast to the stages of the Thompson line, and only ran as far as Richmond Hi 1, 1C miles north of To ronto. Mr. Shuttleworth was succeed ed by Edward Shepherd, proprietor of the Half Way House, where the horses were changed on the route be tween Holland Lauding and Toronto. The fate of the stage line was seal ed when, in 1853, the Northern railway was constructed. Up- to that period all the passengers, baggage and mail be tween Toronto and Holland Landing had gone by stage. When the railway went through, the line to the Landing was discontinued. Mail was still car ried as far as Richmond Hill by the bus line, which passed successively into the hands of John Palmer, u Richmond Hill hotel keeper named Raymond, William Cook, of the York shire house, Thornhill, and John Thompson. This gentleman bought the line early in the seventies, and did not discontinue it until 1896, when the introduction of electric cars killed the business. Mr John Langstaff, proprietor of the Hawthorn Mineral Springs, Thornhn, tells an interesting anecdote of the stage line during the American war, when the line was in the hands of William Cook. A young man named William Smith, whom Mr. Langstaff had cared for as he would for a son, caught the war fever and could not be prevented from enlisting in the army of the North. So one summer morning he b-.de his guardian good-bye, and the rattling, lumbering stage hurried him out of sight. A letter was received some time afterward, stating that he was in New York, in the 25th New York Regiment. Another letter was received, in which he stated that he w r as in active service near New Or leans, "and from that day to this," Mr. Langstaff says, with a sigh, Ve have never heard the least rumour re garding him." CHAPTER X. PARLIAMENT HOUSES 1796-1812. Plan of the Property Made About 1796, with the Exact Location of the Par liament Buildings Burnt in 1812. This plan of part of the eastern end to the town of York (Toronto) is im portant, as it gives the exact location of the Government Houses which were erected by Governor Simcoe in 1794, and rebuilt in 1816, after the war of 1812. The title shows that the "land occupied by John Small, Esq.," who was Clerk of the Executive Council from 1792 to 1831, was part of the reserve appropriated for the Gov ernment House at York by his Ex cellency Lieut. -Governor Simcoe. The street on the west is the pre sent Princess street, at right angles to which ran "Palace street," and "King street." "Ontario street" was as it is to-day. "Of the town," is the end of a sentence off a large map which read "East end of the town." The "road to Quebec" was King street over the Don and east along the present Kingston road. Palace street is shown, and this plan indicates that its east end was at the line running north and south, indicated by the word "line. The ground south of Palace street to the bay and east to the site of the Government Houses was the "re serve," and composed in part the old fair green west of the old Toronto jail, erected in 1841, and torn down in 1887. Mr. Small s lot was one aero. The Small Homestead is on the south west corner of King and Berkeley streets. The original lot was 166x 165, but the easterly 50 feet at the corner of Berkeley street has since been sold. Berkeley street was not laid out in 1794, but as the south line of Mr. Small s improvements was 130 feet from King street, the distance "rather more than 100 yards," to the site of the north Government House, south of the figures "100 in the plan, shows where the house stood on the present Front street. A careful comparison of this plan with the latest plans of the Kame section shows that Berkeley street when it was opened ran down the east side of the dotted line shown as running south from King street and Binding at the letter F., and that the west face ot the Government Houses stood on a line distant 175 feet east from this line. Following out the dis tance given of 4 chains and 78 links in a south-easterly direction from the pohit C to the point of junction with, tho 17^foot lino shows that the north Government House stood on the south side of Front street, 110 feet east of Berkeley street, on the site where now stands the office of the Economical Gas Apparatus Con- 22 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. struetion Co., at No. 271 Front street oa.=rt. The most northerly building stood back about 40 feet from the pre sent south line of Front street and the buildings extended south albout 270 feet. This property is now all pwn- ed by (the Consumers Gas Co. I in Canala, especially in the Province of Ontario. Th^ east wing of the hall was the first erected, and was occu pied in 1832. (The centre, or main ! building, was built in 1834, and in J.844-46 the western wing was added and the centre building was recon- to UJ cc: CL. Front PALACE ST 3*46 s M*Sn*llSK. t ftnjn&2 3-+Q^ [This Added wou ! 31 A sketch showing the land occupied by John Sm^ll Es^c upon the Reserve 4 ftp the Gov* House dt York by His Excellency U Governor Simcoe. JOHN SMALL S PKOPEBTY AND THS EXACT SITE OP THE PABULAMKNT BUILDINGS OF 1796-1812 MADE ABOUT 1796. CHAPTER XI. THE OSGOODE HALL SITE. A Plan of the Historic Spot Where the Supreme Courts of Ontario Held Their Sittings. Osgoode Hall is a, household name structed. The plan shown was made in 1837 by William Hawkins, a well- known surveyor of the period. A his tory of th-3 entire structure is con tained in Vol. I. of "Robertson s Land marks," pages 393-7. Tie descent of the ownership from tba Orown is as follows : i LANDMARKS OP TORONTO. UJ h _ 3 TAe //on CAief ^JL_J Justice. /rb^^/7 S 2 UJ ^ UJ " 13 UJ Township fiC vn E I from fa Bay | e 03 1- U) U a: UJT.IO. 20sft" *f. ^HiJr AD ACT SLT*~ <J s rendered teGov byftieHon lih (;^ 5 31 Jus/ice Rown&dn z S T R i T i _I I- -J LAW SOCIETY GROUND vn o S OSCOOOE HALL, J I K. Q a m x. icNti. LOT STREET THB SITE OF O8QOODS UAJJ* 24 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 1797 Grant from th3 Crown to Rev. T. Raddi h, ail of Park lot No. 11. 1798 Sold by Raddish to Hon. J. Elm l3y, Park lot No. 11. 1803 Willed by Elmsley to Mary Elm ley, Park lot No. 11. 1822 Grant by M. Elm ley to Alex ander Wood, south half lot No. 11. 1825 Sold by Wood to Hon. J. B. Robinson, south half lot No. 11. 1828 Lease and release, Robinson to Law Society, six acres, lot No. 11. The plot surrendered by the Hon. J. B Robinson to th3 Crown was a part of the parade ground to tha east of th3 Armouries. There is no record in the books of the Law Society showing that it owned any land north of Osgoode street, or that they ever leased it or any part of it, A statement that the site of the present hall was a gift to the Law Society by the Hon. Chief Justice Robinson is erroneous, for the corporation paid one thousand pounds currency to that gentleman for the ground, Tbj land to the west side of the hall is shown as College avenue, there being no street intervening, and a plan of th3 city in 1842, made by James Cane, corresponds with the small plan th.it accompanies this landmark. TJio street, formerly known as Park Lane, was made in 1846. The name was changed to University street in 1861. In 1859-60 there was a University street north of Bloor street, in Yorkville, running west from Yonge street. It is now York ville avenue. The street to the east of the hall wa i Sayer street, named by the late Chief Justice Sir John B. Robinson, and this street wa^ re named in 1873, and called Chestnut street. Lot street was changed to Queen street in 1.845. CHAPTER XII. BIRDS IN PROVINCIAL MUSEUM. The Ornithological Department A Rare Collection of Canadian and Foreign Birds. Perhaps the citizens of this fair city do not realize tha,t they have in their midst what will ere long be one of the most interesting and complete museums on this continent, contain ing exhibits pertaining to every de partment of na ural science and his torical development. A few years ago the Provincial Museum in the Normal School building at Toronto, though kriow.i to moat students as a source of educational interest, was by no mean - an imposing affair, but now I it ha < assumed proportions and quali ties v/hich render it a most valuable source of information, study aad recreation. The whole second flat of tbo school is devoted to large varie ties of exhibits, comprising birds from all the countries in the world. Egyptian mummies, countless skulls of famous savages, arrow- heads, spears, Navajo Indian weaving, South Saa Inland implements of war and peace, Indian relic.s from North nd South America, native handiwork from the wilds of Africa, siut fed animals, pickled snakes, and a mil lion and one other things too numer ous to name. All these articles of in terest are neatly arranged in large glass oases or liunig on the walls in such a way as to be conveniently seen, and labslled in order that their uses and origin may be easily understood. Mr. David Boyle, a mm well read in the ways and development of the genus man, is the custodian of the innumerable relics, while Mr. John Maughan, jr., a natur-Jist of wide ex perience and exceptional ability, his charge of the ornithological depart ment. Mr. Maujhai has been com missioned by th.3 Government to col lect and mouat a most complete assortment of Canadian and foreign bird. , and aB a result those visiting th3 Normal School are delighted with th; magnificent display of feathered t-ongsters, birds of paradise, water fowl, etc., which possess all the ap parent attributes of life except motion.. Mr. Maugiran has been col lecting this exhibit privately for fif teen years and has been in correspon dence in all countries in thie world. The Canadian collection being now tre property of fhe Ontario Government, the foreign collection Mr. Maughuri has placed on vie,w as a loan collection to the public. We will hold a short review of the foreign birds, beginning with the pheasants, a species not unknown to hunters. The first we happen upon are two extinct varieties, the black pheasant of Guatemala and the horn ed pheasant. The latter bird was collected by a German missionary in the interior of Guatemala, being one o two given him when he arrived in LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. the country. During a stay of six years in Guatemala the missionary, who evidently found ornithology to be as profitable as evangelization, suc ceeded in collecting only twjo more birds of the same variety. Three Japanese game birds are the next la attract our attention; they are Amherst, Golden and Reeves pheas ants. Then comes the Red Argus (getting its name from the Argus- eyed dots which cover its body), whose hornet is in the Himalayan mountains, and the Impyean and Sommenngs, which hail froa far away Japan and China as well as the Himalayas. More familiar birds are the Black cock of Scotland, the Red grouse and legged partridge of Great Britain- Leaving the game birds we meet with a few more English friends, viz., the rook, the hooded crow and the jackdaw from England. Travelling to Australia we make the acquaintance of the lyre-bird, and a. most beautiful specimen he is, with a remarkable upright tail resembl ing a fancy Aeolian harp. This bird is aao of Australia s national em blems. A pretty group of brilliant plum- aged little, birds, designated &un birds," represent the Islands of Su matra and Java and distant India. Another collection of little feathered beauties are the Tanager.s which rival the rainbow for varieties of colours. Passing a rare black cuckoo from India and blossom-headed and yellow- headed manikins, we stop to inspect the tits. Tfhese are of many colours while one little fellow claims atten tion for having been collected by ;he famous Steer Expedition in the Philip pines in 1888. Tie mo>inots, so nam ed because they swing their tails while at re/?t like tho pendulum of a clock, are remarkable for a peculiar custom they nave oJ trimming their two long tail feathers a bout an inch and a half from the end. We must not neglect to drop a bow of recognition to our country friends the "jays," among them being the great crested jay from Central America and the black-headed jay from India. The Cotingas, near cousins to our previous acquaintances the Tanagers demand a glance. There are three varieties, one from Central America and two from India. Resplendent with long metallic green tail-feathers are the Trojans or Quc- sals. Though the, bird itself is no iargex than an ordinary parrot, its tail is sometimes 40 inches long. Owins to this fact, the Trojan selects the top of the trunk of a tall dead tree for his nest. Like the woodpecker, he hunts for a soft spot in the wood, and pecks his way into the interior. But he is not satisfied with one hole he must have a back door as well as a front door, the former for an entrance and the latter for an exit. This pre vents damage to his long tail, which 1 hangs away out of the front door when the male is keeping the eggs I (which are very rare) warm. The fe- i males have no long tails. A brilliant, pugnacious little bird 13 thei cock otf the rock, with his orange back and plumed head. When mating in the spring the female birds form a ring about eight feet across, exclud ing the males until the proper time | for their entrance arrives. At right moment the cocks are admitted to the select circle and proceed to go through a sort of a war dance, strut ting up and dowu inside of the ring, ! very much as a coek sparrow some times does.The brave who keeps up this war dance the longest can take his choice of the whole circle of females l for a wife. Taking a peep at the magpies brought from the forests of Japan, ! America, India and South Africa, we stop a moment to admire the blue rollers from Italy and the Philippines. Coming among the pigeons, we can not help but admire the Victoria Crown pigeon of Australia, almost as big as a young turkey, of bluish slate colour with chocolate breast, and boasting a fan-like decoration on hiis head, somewhat similar to, but more profuse than that worn by the peacock. The noticeable features of the Nicobax pigeon, which is of a green shade mixed with black, is a golden green hackle on the neck, and the fact that the wings are longer than the tail (which is pure white) when the bird is in repose. Then we have the large New Zealand pigeon, now ; very rare, sent to Mr. Maughan with ! a number of other birds from the Emperor of Austria, the bronze-wing ed pigeon from Australia, the green pigeon from India, the red-breasted pigeon from the Philippines, and the i passenger pigeon from North Am- j erica. Passing the Crackles, we come upon I a big family of parrots and cockatoos of colours and species too numerous to enumerate. Perhaus the most 2G LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. interesting member of this family is the Nestor, or sheep-killing parrot, at Australia, another gift to Mr. Maughan from the Emperor of Aus tria s collection. This long-beaked bird alights on the back of a live sheep and p-ecks a hole thromgh the hide to the poor animal s kidnteys, which is the sheep-killer s tit-bit. This bird first cultivated a taste for mutton by feeding on slaughter -house refuse. Hurryiing along we take hasty glances at the big billed Toucans, five varieties of barbets and four varieties of todies, presided over by the kiing tody, and then stop to ad mire the foreign ducts from Japan, Chi-n/a and England. Two little sandpipers attract the eye for a mmute ; the spoon-bill from Japan and the broad-bill from Rus sia. A nest of the former (which is practically extinct) has never been found, but the bird is supposed to breed m Siberia. Giving a oursory glance to the night herons and rails we cannot help but pause to admire the large variety of gaudy-plumaged King fishers, representing nearly every quarter of the globe. Continuing the round, we looik upon the cassicus, from Colombo, South America ; the horn-bill, from tfoe Philippines, and the long-necked snake-darters, which swim with their bodies submerged and their necks stretched on the sur face of the water like water-snakes. A majestic bird, whos-3 wings have deteriorated into mere flippers, is the giant penguin, 28 inches in height. He Lnihiabits the south Pacific. Thie birds of paradise, a number oi specimens of which are now extinct, form a collection which is remarkable for beauty and variety, and which it is impossible to describe. But we could go on enumerating the statin bower bird, the Pitta, the I>rou- go shrike, the Dayal bird, the gros beak, the bell bird, the inina bird, the flyr-catcher, and many other foreign birds, without being able to do any of them justice. They must be seen to be appreciated. And now for the birds of Canada 1 Owing to the fact that Mr. Maughan has been able to procure the skins of the domestic birds first hand, they possess a remarkably fresh and life^ like appearance. The first we stop to admire are the eagles, sturdy, fierce-looking birds of prey, which seem to be on the lookout for some unsuspecting victim. The bald-headed eagle, with his ruffled white heal is the most imposing fel low, though the goiden is not far behind. There are several of the latter, both males and females. Near cousins of the eagle are the hawks a large and interesting family. These birds, as a rule, are credited with , being a scourge to farm yards and I poultry-tt>reeders,but for the most part | they are very serviceable, ridding the i air of vermin and the earth of rep tiles. There are, however, some very ill-behaved hawks, that prey upon the I farms and make themselves objection^ ! able generally. Chief among this class is the peregrin or duck hawk, whose bill of fare consists chiefly of assorted ducks. Another scapegrace is Cooper s haw k, a fierce little bird, who al^o makes fowl his chief article of food. Of the beneficial hawks, we have the mfljrsh or harrier hawk, tha 10 ugh -leg* i ged buzzard and the black buzzard, birds which dine on mice, frogs, little snakes, etc. A few more of our evil- mannered friends arc the pigeonhawk, the sparrowhawk, the big red-tailed hawk and the red-shouldered hawk. Another hawk of the frog-eating var- i iety is Audobon s caracara. A rusty- legged and rusty-winged visitor from the south is Harris hawk, a bird bear ing a very close resemblance to his Canadian relatives. A very rare bird of the hawk variety is the swallow- tailed kite, a remarkable looking bird with a white body and long black wings and tail. Snakes, lizards and grasshoppers form his diet. There are also the American fishhawk, the sharp-shinned hawk and the goshawk, once mu.cn used by falconers. The owls come next, ranging in size from the great horned owl, which preys upon chickens and rabbits, to the little screech owl. These birds con fine their operations to the insect, reptile, animal and feathered world, most of them beitvg nooturtin al, having no love for the sunshine. A beautiful creature is the snowy owl, with feathers ns white and soft as its name signifies. A rare specimen is the great grey owl, but the long-eared owl, which likes catching its food alive, and the short- eared or marsh owl belong to tho com moner varieties. The ban* of trout ponds is the belt ed king-fisher, a rather small bird with a big head and beak. Getting in among the insect de- LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. 27 ptroyers we come into contact with the red-shafted flicker, the yellow- breasted tyrant fly-catcher, the black and yellow-billed cuckoos, the king bird ajid the towhee bunting. A wedl- tosloved little friend is the mourning 1 dove, a modest little bird dressed in soft shade of brown and grey and theie is a little fellow called the enowMbird, Birds of bright yellow, orange and black plumage next engage our at tention. They due of the family o Ori- oies, golden bullocks, and Baltimore. Another pretty little fly eater is the red -breasted nuthatch. There are two varieties of the wax-wing, those soft prey plumaged birds which -prey upon cherry trees, rowan berries, etc. They are the cedar wax-* wing an! the Bohemian wax-wing. Passing the white-throated sparrow we stop to admire the scarlet tanager or warrior bird, scarlet in colour with black wings and tail. The attractive little specimens attir ed in yellow and grey are knqwrj as the "rna ( gnolia warblers," while that lemon -coloured little fellow, a rare specimen, travels under the name of the "yellow palm warbler." Another rare bird is the Wilson warbler, with markings of yellow and black. There are also the "Canadian warbler," the "parula warbler," the "mourning warbler" (30 eallt3d because the mark ings on its breast resembles a shroud), and the "Maryland warbler." Still lingering amoiiR 1 the little birds we notice the Blackburniap, the "indigo bunting," the colour its name indicates ; the long-billed marsh wren," and another very rare denizen of the air, ,the "fork-tailed fly-catcher," a close relative to a southern variety of fly-catcher called the "scissor ^tail." A striking member of the "jay" family is the "California jay," a beau tiful blue creature as big as a pigeon, a marked contrast, in size, to the fa miliar little blue jay. Saying good-bye to the jays, we pay au, visit to the blackbirds or (Jrackles, those noisy inhabitants of large marshes. The "boat-taided blackbird" is the first to oome within our ken, and is remarkable because of his .big scoop-shaped tail, white the "ani," or "Savannah blackbird," bases his in dividuality on his bill, which looks so top-heavy. A number of blackbirds which derive their names from tneir markings are the "yellow-he>aded blackbird," the "red-shouldered black bird." and "the ibronze and rusty g|rackil<x" "The first robin," which generally makes its appearance in Canada dur ing the month of February, is often not a robin, but a "grosbeak," a bird which greatly resembles our cheer ful friend on account of the similar colourings, axid especially the "rose- breasted grosbeak." There is quite a large family of these winter visitors, aoid they make an interesting collec tion. "Woodpeckers" cojne next. The varieties are numerous and the mark ings striking. The various members of the family are the "pileated or oock of the woods," the "Arctic three- toed," the "American three-toed," the "yellow-bellied sap-sucker," the "downy woodpecker," the "hairy wood pecker," and a most familiar friend, the "red-headed woodpecker." The biggest being the pileated woodpecker. There are 25 varieties of the spar row, too many to enumerate. The most noticeable are the "vesper sparrow" and the "fox sparrow." After a hasty glance at the thrushes we find ourselves among the plover and sandpipers. The different spe cies vary greatly in size. A few of these varieties are The "greater and lesser yellow legs," the "piping plover," the "belted plover," the "solitary sandpiper," the Bowitcher sandpiper," the "Wilson phalarope," the "red phalarope," the "pectoral sandpiper," the "knot sandpiper," the "golden plov-er." the "turnstone," the "killdeer" (not a carnivorous bird, but so named because its call re sembles the cry of "killdeer !" ; the " sander ling," and the "spotted sand piper," with a family of young. Passing along the cases we catch glances of the "Hudsonian curlew," the Fliorida gullinule," a "coot" and a "marble godwit." The "rails" comprise another group of game birds consisting of the "Vir ginia," the "king rail," and the "Sora rail." Of the "bitterns" we have the "least bittern," "Cory s least bit tern," a very rare specimen, which makes its borne in Canada and Florida, though never seen in the intervening States. Finishing with the big "Am- erjcaji bittern," we pass on to the "herons," taking in the "black "crowned," "nigtit heron," "green her-, on." "little blue heron," "great blue heron." Of the "ibis" there are th 23 LANDMARKS OF TORONTO. "white-faced," "scarlet," white, and "glossy." Beginning with the great "white crane," we make the acquaintance of a long-legged and long-necked va riety. Besides the "little brown crane," and tine big "sand-hill crane," there are two intermediate sp;- cies of the latter variety which have mat yet been classified. Tiuey were taken in Manitoba though American naturalists do not belkive that the bird is ever seen in thiiis country. Prof. W. Raine, ot To-< romito, though, having skins and uggs collected under affidavit. A big bird, nearly five feet high, is th3 "whoop ing crane." Birds which stir up appetizing re collections are the partridge and grouse. Among the varieties are the white "willow ptarmigan," the "sharp- tailed grouse," the "prairie hen," the "ruffed grouse," and a number of southern varieties. The collection of ducks and geese is an extensive one and an interest- j ing study by itself. It takes in every known specimen, and shows some of Mr. Maughan s best workmanship. The gulls, too, offer much of interest, as well as many other water-birds too numerous to mention. This enormous collection of Cana dian and foreign bird 5 were all mounted by M.T. Maughan personally^ amd it is acknowledged by authorities to be the acme of the taxidermist s a<rt. CHAPTER XIII. THREE OLD PLANS OF YORK. Water Front of Toronto and Town ship of Dublin as They were Over a Hundred Years Ago. TJie plans of York, marked A, B and C, are three of the many that have been reproduced, but tbB&e plans are interesting because they shtow the front of toe town shortly after the present Township of York was chang ed in, name from thlat of thte Town ship of Dubliai. There is no MS. giving the date at which the township was first called "Dublin.," hut there is no doubt that the date of change to "York" was 1 in 1794, when Toronto was founded. In a Gazetteer compiled by D. W. Smyth, the Surveyor-General of the Province of Upper Canada, to illus trate thle map otf the colony by the desire of Governor Simcoe, and pub lished i<n 1799, York Township was called "Dublin." In a second edition of the Gazetteer, issued im 1813, "Dub lin" is referred to as "Dublin, now called the Towinship of York, which see." Under the heading which refers to the township the description in the Gazetteer, reads "York Township is in the east riding of the County of York, and lies to the west of Scarboroughi, having the Humber River for its western limit. Its front is principally occupied by a long, sandy beach, which forms the harbour. The rest of the township is open to Lake Ontario, and that "To ronto Bay, now called York Harbour. 1 In 1788 Toronto Harbour was de scribed by J<othm Collins, of Quebec, Deputy Surveyor-General, in a re port presented to Lord Dorchester, Governor-General, on the Mjlitary Posts and Harbours on Lake Ontario, Erie and Huron, as follows : "The harbour of Toronto is near two miles in length from the entrance on the west to the isthmus between it and a large morass on the eastward. The breadth of the entrance is about, half a mile, but thle navigable chan nel for vessels is only about 500 yards, having from three to three and a half fathioms of water. The north or main shore, thte whole length of the harbour, is a day bank from twelve to twenty feet high, rising gradn- nlly behind, apparently good land and fit for settlement. The water is rather shical near the shore, having but crae fathom depth at one hun dred yards distance, two fathoms at two htundred yards ; and when I sounded hiere, the waters of the lake were very highL There is good and sate anchorage everywhere within the harbour, being either a soft or sandy bottom. The south shore is composed of a great number of sand Mils and ridges, interlaced with swamps and small creeks. It is of "unequal breadths, being from a quarter of a mile to a mile wide across from the harbour to the lake, and runs in length to the east five or skx miles. Through the middle of the Isthmus before men tioned, or rather near the north shore, is a channel wi