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HAY 1 6
L161— O-1096
PUBLICATION
OF THE
ZOOLOGICAL SERIES VOL. IV. PART II.
CHICAGO, U. S. A. 1904
All rights reserved
r\
\J
THE
LAND AND SEA MAMMALS
OF
MIDDLE AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES
BY
DANIEL GIRAUD ELLIOT, F.R.S.E., ETC. Curator of Department.
ZOOLOGICAL SERIES VOL. IV. PART II.
CHICAGO; U. S. A. 1904
CONTENTS.
VOLUME IV. PART II.
No. PAGE.
ORDER VII. CARNIVORA— CARNIVORES.
23. Felidae — Cats 442
24. Yiverridae — Mungoose, Civets, etc 460
25. Canidae — Dogs, Wolves, Foxes 464
26. Ursidae — Bears 479
27. Procyonidae — Raccoons 482
28. Mustelidae — Badgers, Weasels, Otters, etc 502
ORDER VIII. PINNIPEDIA— PINNIPEDS.
29. Otariidae — Sea Lions 538
30. Phocidae — Seals 541
ORDER IX. INSECTIVORA— INSECTIVORES.
3 1 . Soricidae — Shrews 548
32. Talpidae — Moles 563
33. Solenodontidae — Solenodonts 566
ORDER X. CHIROPTERA— BATS.
34. Vespertilionidae — Common Bats 570
35. Noctilionidae — Large-eared Bats .' 608
36 Molossidae — Free-tailed Bats 618
37. Natalidae — Funnel-eared Bats 631
38. Phyllostomatidae — Vampire Bats 639
ORDER XI. PRIMATES — PRIMATES.
39. Callitrichidae — Marmosets 723
40. Cebidae — Prehensile- tailed Monkeys 725
1 30
LIST OF PLATES.
VOLUME IV. PART II.
To FACE PLATE. PAGE
XLII, XLIII. Felis o. centralis 446
XLIV, XLV. Felis c. oregonensis 454
XLVI. Canis mexicanus 464
XLVII. Ursus horriaeus 479
XLVIII, XLIX. Ursus machetes 481
L. Procyon 1. hernandezi 490
LI. Lutra annectens 535
LII. Latax lutris 537
LIII. Zalophus californianus 539
LIV, LV. Phoca r. geronimensis 541
LVI, LVII, LVIII, LIX. Monachus tropicalis 542
LX, LXI, LXII. Arctocephalus townsendi 543
LXIII, LXIV, LXV, LXVI. Mirounga angustirostris 545
LXVII. Alouatta villosa 726
LXVIII. Ateles vellerosus 732
vii
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS OF CRANIA IN THE TEXT.
VOLUME IV. PART II. FIG. PAGE.
83 . Felis jaguarondi -. 444
84. Felis r. baileyi 457
85. Herpestes mungo 462
86. Vulpes macrotis 472
87 . Urocyon c. fraterculus . . 474
88. Bassariscus astutus : . 483
89. Bassaricyon gabbi 488
90. Procyon (Euprocyon) cancrivorus 493
9 1 . Nasua nasica 495
92. Potos flavus 500
93. Taxidea t. berlandieri 504
94. Mephitis o. holzneri 508
95. Mephitis (Leucomitra) macrura 510
96. Conepatus m. mearnsi 513
97. Conepatus (Marputius) tropicalis 518
98. Spilogale interrupta 520
99. Grison (Tayra) barbara 525
100. Grison (Galictis) canaster 527
101 . Putorius frenatus 530
102. Sorex orinus 549
103. Notiosorex gigas 554
104. Blarina pergracilis 556
105. Scapanus anthonyi 564
106. Solenodon cubanus 566
107. Myotis nigricans 571
108. Pipistrellus hesperus 582
109. Vespertilio fuscus 586
1 10. Lasiurus cinereus 592
in. Dasypterus ega xanthinus 596
112. Nycticeius humeralis 598
113. Rhogoessa tumida 600
114. Corynorhinus macrotis 603
115. Antrozous pallidus 606
1 1 6. Rhynchonycteris naso 608
117. Saccopteryx bilineata 610
1 18. Balantiopteryx plicata 61 1
119. Peropteryx canina 613
1 20. Declidurus albus 614
121. Noctilio 1. mastivus 616
122. Molossus rufus 618
123. Promops glaucinus 622
1 24. Nyctinomops yucatanicus 625
125. Nyctinomus mexicanus .' . . . 628
1 26. Natalis stramineus 632
ix
x LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
FIG. PAGE.
127. Nyctiellus lepidus 634
1 28. Chilonatalis brevimanus 635
1 29. Thyroptera discifera 638
130. Chilonycteris booth! 640
131. Dermonotus davyi 645
132. Mormops megalophylla 647
133. Lonchorina aurita 650
134. Otopterus waterhousii 651
135. Vampyrus spectrum 655
136. Chrotopterus auritus 657
137. Tonatia amblyotis 659
138. Micronycteris megalotis 66 1
139. Trachyops cirrhosus 664
140. Phyllostoma hastatum 666
141. Hemiderma perspicillatum 668
142. Glossophaga soricina 671
143. Monophyllus portoricensis 676
144. Leptonycteris nivalis 680
145. Anura geoffroyi 68 1
146. Lichonycteris obscurus 683
147. Phyllonycteris poeyi 684
148. Rhithronycteris aphylla 687
149. Brachyphylla cavernarum 689
150. Brachyphylla nana 690
151. Artibeus jamaicensis 692
152. Artibeus planirostris 695
153. Uroderma convexum 698
154. Dermanura cinereum 700
155. Vampyrops helleri 702
156. Sternoderma achradophilum 705
157. Phyllops falcatum 708
1 58. Chiroderma salvini : 711
159. Pygoderma bilabiatum 713
1 60. Sturnira liliurn 714
161. Centurio senex 716
162. Desmodus rotundus 719
163. Diphylla ecuadata 721
164. Midas geoffroyi 723
165. Aotus azaras 728
1 66. Saimiri oerstedi 730
167. Cebus hypoleucus 735
LIST OF FIGURES IN THE TEXT.
VOLUME IV. PART II.
FIG. PAGE.
LIX. Felis onca 445
LX. Felis r. baileyi 459
LXI. Herpestes mungo 463
LXII. Canis mexicanus 470
LXIII. Vulpes macrotis 473
LXIV. Urocyon c. fraterculus 476
LXV. Ursus horriaeus 480
LXVI. Bassariscus astutus 484
LXVII. Procyon 1. hernandezi 491
LXVIII. Nasua nasica 496
LXIX. Potos flavus 501
LXX. Taxidea t. berlandieri 505
LXXI. Mephitis macrura 511
LXXII. Conepatus m. mearnsi 516
LXXIII. Spilogale interrupta 522
LXXIV. Orison (Galictis) canaster 528
LXXV. Putorius frenatus 532
LXXVI. Lutra c. sonora 536
LXX VI I. Zalophus californianus 540
LXXVIII. Phoca richardi 541
LXXIX. Group of Fur Seals or Sea-bears 544
LXXX. Mirounga angustirostris 546
LXXXI. Sorex o. ventralis 551
LXXXII. Blarina pergracilis 558
LXXXIII. Scapanus anthonyi 565
LXXXIV. Solenodon cubanus 567
LXXXV. Myotis nigricans 575
LXXXVI. Pipistrellus Hesperus 583
LXXXVII. Vespertilio fuscus 587
LXXXVIII. Lasiurus cinereus 594
LXXXIX. Dasypterus intermedius 596
XC. Nycticeius humeralis 598
XCI. Rhogoessa tumida 60 1
XCII. Corynorhinus macrotis 604
XCIII. Antrozous pallidus 606
XCIV. Rhynchonycteris naso 609
XCV. Balantiopteryx plicata 612
XCVI. Peropteryx canina 613
XCVII. Declidurus albus 615
XCVI 1 1. Noctilio 1. mastivus 617
XCIX. Molossus rufus 619
C. Promops nasutus 622
CI. Promops glaucinus 623
CII. Natalis stramineus 632
xi
xii
LIST OF FIGURES IN THE TEXT.
FlG.
CHI.
CIV.
cv.
CVI.
CVII.
CVI II .
CIX.
ex.
CXI.
CXII.
CXIII.
CXIV.
cxv.
CXVI.
CXVII.
CXVIII.
CXIX.
cxx.
CXXI.
CXXII.
CXXIII.
CXXIV.
cxxv.
CXXVI.
CXXVII.
CXXVIII.
CXXIX.
cxxx.
CXXXI.
CXXXII.
CXXXIII.
CXXXIV, CXXXV.
CXXXVI
CXXXVII.
cxxxvin.
CXXXIX.
CXL.
CXLI.
CXLII.
PAGE.
Chilonatalis brevimanus 636
Thyroptera discifera 638
Chilonycteris macleayi 641
Dermonotus davyi 645
Mormops megalophylla 648
Lonchorina aurita 650
Otopterus waterhousii • 652
Chrotopterus auritus 658
Tonatia amblyotis 659
Micronycteris megalotis 661
Trachyops cirrhosus 665
Phyllostoma hastatum 667
Hemiderma perspicillatum 669
Glossophaga soricina 672
Chaeronycteris mexicana 673
Monophyllus portoricensis 677
Leptonycteris nivalis 680
Anura geoffroyi 682
Phyllonycteris poeyi 686
Rhithronycteris aphylla . . . 688
Brachyphylla nana 691
Artibeus jamaicensis 693
Artibeus planirostris 696
Uroderma convexum 698
Dermanura quadrivittatum 701
Vampyrops helleri 703
Sternoderma lucias 706
Ectophylla alba 709
Chiroderma salvini 712
Pygoderma bilabiatum 713
Sturnira lilium 715
Centurio senex 717
Desmodus rotundus 719
Midas geoffroyi 724
Alouatta palliata 727
Aotus rufipes 729
Saimiri oerstedi 731
Ateles vellerosus 732
Cebus hypoleucus 736
ERRATA.
VOLUME IV. PART II.
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Plates LIV and LV, for Phoca geronimensis, read Phoca r. geronimensis.
TEXT.
Page 543, zoth line from top, for Gallapagos, read Galapagos. Page 619, 1 2th line from top, for M. r. tropidorhynchus, read M. tropidorhynchns.
xiii
CLASS MAMMALIA.
Order vii. Carnivora, Carnivores.
The CARNIVORA, as now restricted, comprises the flesh-eating animals of the world. They are arranged in two groups, the planti- grade, or those that walk on the sole of the foot like the Bears, and digitigrade, or those that walk on their toes like the Cats.
The Order comprises many different forms, and beside the terms given above, its members are also called Fissiped Carnivora, or those whose existence is mainly terrestrial, and Pinniped Carnivora, or those whose structure is modified for living constantly in the water, like the Walrus and Seals. The larger Terrestrial Carnivora are, par excellence, the preying beasts of the earth, delighting in destruc- tion, and living a life of rapine and violence, to be usually termi- nated by a tragical death. Their only law is that which demands "an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth"; mercy and compassion are unknown virtues; their strength, cunning, and ferocity is arrayed against the ability of all other creatures, and in their natural state they stand alone on the earth, not knowing a single friend. And yet, withal, they are amply endowed with means for their own pro- tection, and while they may not always cope successfully with the greatest of all their enemies — Man — yet even he is often vanquished by their sagacity, and in personal conflict overcome by their superior endurance and strength.
One species only among the Cats may be said to be habitually domesticated, or if that seems too strong a term, semi-domesticated, the Hunting Leopard (Cynailurus jubatus) which is kept in India for the chase of the Black-buck chiefly, and which has many dog-like qualities, and exhibits at times considerable affection for its keeper. But this animal is an exception, and in its natural state is as savage as any of the other Cats. While pre-eminently flesh-eaters, some members of the Order are omnivorous, like the bears, which will eat anything, and some few are partly vegetarians. The species are generally armed with more or less sharp, powerful claws, very for- midable in the bears and cats, and the members of the latter family protect these from injury when not in use by withdrawing them into a sheath. The bones of the skeleton are generally slender, yet very strong, and those of the cats resemble ivory; while the teeth are large and powerful, the sectorial or true molar being composed of a
441
442 FELID^E.
cutting knife-like blade with a varying number of cusps, and the canines are long, frequently curved, with a cutting edge, and pointed. The stomach is simple; the caecum, when present, is small, and the vermiform appendix does not exist.
The first family, that of the Cats, is more highly specialized than any other of the Carnivora, and among its members are the most powerful of existing beasts of prey. Their attributes are various and peculiar, and some are possessed by no other creature. The quick vision, the acute hearing, the silent, stealthy, sinuous movement, the sudden spring and fearsome roar, the crushing blow of the armed paw, and attack of the scissor-acting blade-like teeth constitute altogether the most paralyzing living engine of destruction known at the present time among existing animals. Their prey consists of warm-blooded creatures which have been killed by themselves, only one species being an exception to this, an Indian Cat that lives on fish which it captures in shallow waters. Their bones are solid and like ivory, and the clavicles are set in the muscles, but are not articu- lated with either scapula or sternum, and thus are preserved from shock or injury when the heavy body alights on the fore paws after some tremendous spring. The face is short, and the lower jaw is incapable of lateral motion. The tongue is thickly covered with papillae, which gives a rough surface, and in the larger species acts as a file in stripping flesh from bones. The teeth are characteristic, and the lower molar series ply within those of the upper, and cut the food as would a pair of scissors. The sectorials and canines are very large, and there is a wide diastema between the latter and the first pre- molar on each side of both jaws. The claws are long, sharp, and curved, terrible weapons of offense, tearing the flesh in a fearful manner, and are retractile, resting, when not in use, in a sheath that protects them from injury. The skin of cats hangs very loosely, and parts of it are capable of being drawn half round the body, a wise provision, as it thus yields to the stroke of the sharp claws, and they can get no hold, and lacerations, consequently, rarely occur. The pelage is of many colors, often brilliant in hues, and decorated with various patterns, and frequently of a soft, even, velvety texture, and this beautiful covering, with the graceful, silent movements, as if performed by some imaginary spirit of a dream, make these animals appear to the eye among the most attractive of all quadrupeds.
Fam. I. Felidse. Cats.
D. G. Elliot, Monograph of the Felidce, Folio, London, 1878-83 St. G. Mivart, The Cat, London, 1881.
FELIDJE. FELIS. 443
Claws retractile, long, sharp, curved, compressed; feet digitigrade, five toes on fore feet, four on hind; soles hairy; pads naked; tongue covered with sharp, hornlike papillae, pointing backward; only one true molar on each side above and below, and two inferior pre- molars; upper carnassial (posterior premolar) very large, with a tri- lobed blade, and a small inner tubercle with separate root; lower carnassial (true molar) a large, compressed, sharp blade with two subequal lobes, without inner cusp; canines long, curved, acute, edges trenchant; skull short, broad; facial portion short; zygomata very wide, arched; bullae large, smooth; clavicles not articulating with scapulas or sternum.
85. Pel is.
Felis Linn., Syst. Nat., i, 1758, p. 41; i, 1766, p. 60. Type Felis
catus Linnasus. Linx (sic) Frisch. Das Natur-syst. vierfiiss. Thiere, in Tabellen,
12 Tab. Gen., 1775. Lynx Kerr, Anim. Kingd. Syst. Catal., between pp. 32-33, 1792,
desc. p. 155, Rafin., Am. Month. Mag., i, 1817, p. 437. Lynchus Jard., Nat. Libr. Mamm., n, 1834, pp. 274-275. Puma Jard., Nat. Libr., Mamm., n, 1834, p. 266. Jaguirius Servertz., Rev. Mag. Zool., 2me Ser., x, 1858, p. 386-390 Lynchailiirus Servertz., Rev. Mag. Zool., 2me Ser., x, 1858, p.
386-390.
Noctifelis Servertz., Rev. Mag. Zool., 2me Ser., x, 1858, p. 386-390. Oncifelis Servertz., Rev. Mag. Zool., 2me Ser., x, 1858, p. 386-390. Herpailurus Severtz., Rev. Mag. Zool., 2me Ser., x, 1858, p. 385. Leopardus Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, p. 263. Margay Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, p. 271. Pardalis Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, p. 272. Cervaria Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, p. 276. Tail long, exceeding half the length of the body without head and neck; anterior premolar small.
KEY TO THE SUBGENERA.
A. Tail about the length of the body without
head. PAGE
a. Adults and young spotted or striped .......... Leopardus 444
B. Tail about half the length of body without head.
a. Adults unspotted, young spotted .................. Felis 454
C. Tail less than half the length of body without head.
a. Adults and young spotted ........................ Lynx 456
444 FELIS.
A. Leopardus.
Tail about length of body; posterior portion of premaxillse very narrow and lengthened.
FIG. 83. FELIS JAGUARONDI.
No. 7454 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. g nat. size.
KEY TO SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES.
A. Adults and young spotted. PAGE
a. Spots large, above clay color, variable F. o. centralis 446
b. Spots small.
a/ Above ochraceous buff F. o. hernandezi 446
b/ Above tawny ochraceous F. o. goldmani 447
B. Adults and young irregularly striped.
PEL'S.
445
a. Above rufous, marked with black; color very PAGE variable F. pardalis 447
b. Above tawny, marked with black ; color very
variable F. p. mearnsi 448
c. Above brownish black F. carrikeri 448
d. Above pale rufous brown F. tigrina 449
e. Above pale drab gray F. glaucula 450
f. Above dark clay color F. p. oncilla 450
C. Adults and young unspotted.
a. Above grizzled brownish gray, variable F. jaguarondi 451
b. Above smoky gray F. j. cacomitli 451
c. Above pale grizzled fawn F. j. tolteca 452
d. Above dusky gray F. panamensis 452
e. Above brownish red F. eyra 453
f. Above rufous F. e. apache 453
g. Above - - (?) Skull only known F. fossata 453
FIG. LIX. FELIX ONCA. JAGUAR. FROM ELLIOT'S MON. FELID/C.
i. Felis onca; 2. Felis o. hernandezi. Ex type Brit. Mus.
446 FELIS.
*onea ce.ntralis (Fclis), Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xiv, 1901,
P- 139- COSTA RICA JAGUAR. Tigrc in Spanish America for all Jaguars.
Type locality. Talamanca, Costa Rica.
Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica north to Honduras, Central America.
Genl. Char. Smallest of the Jaguars ; dentition weak ; colors intense.
Color. Clay color with a median chain of black spots, bordered on each side by five longitudinal rows of black rosettes; these lateral rosettes increase in size as they go toward the belly, and contain from one to five small black spots. Crown and sides of neck tawny, covered with black spots or rosettes; black spot on upper and lower lip; ears outside black with tawny spot in middle, inner side clay color, tawny on margin; limbs on outer side clay color blotched with black; under parts buffy white blotched with black; tail clay color above, heavily spotted and banded with black, beneath whitish blotched with black; muzzle clay color; claws horn color.
Measurements. Total length, 1800; tail, 575; hind foot, 220; ear from crown, 60; (skin.) Skull: occipito-nasal length, 240; Hensel, 197; zygomatic width, 153; width of antorbital processes, 75; median length of nasals, 64; palatal length from alveoli of incisors, 95 ; length of basi-occipital, 36; width between bulls posteriorly, 40; length of sectorial, 26; length of lower tooth row, 53; lower last molar, 20. (Type.)
onca hernandezi (Felis), Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1857, p. 278.
hernandezi (Felis), Elliot, Mon. Felida?, pi. v, F. onca, rear figure. HERNANDEZ'S JAGUAR.
Type locality. Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Apparently western Mexico, from State of Colima north to San Bias.
Genl. Char. Color pale; black markings small; rosettes confined to upper portion of middle dorsal region.
Color. Ochraceous buff, covered with scattered single black spots, except behind the shoulders, where they are gathered into rosettes; ears, as in other jaguars, black with buff center externally; under parts buffy white banded with elongate black spots; tail above ochraceous buff, beneath grayish white striped and banded with black.
*The Jaguars, like the species of most genera, have been "split" into vari- ous races of the typical form, some of which are here given. The wisdom of this method, carried as it often is to great extremes, is very questionable, espe- cially with animals like these cats, that vary so greatly, even among individ- uals from the same locality, that it is practically impossible to find two alike. It is doubtful, as knowledge of these animals increases, if many of the races can maintain anv kind of a distinctive rank.
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM.
PLATE XLIII, ZOOLOGY.
FELIS O. CENTRALIS. No. 61192 U. S. Nat. Mus. 5 nat. size.
FELIS. 447
Measurements. Total length, 1900; tail, 650 (skin). Skull: basal length, 181; zygomatic breadth, 156-159; mastoid breadth, 95; interorbital breadth, 45-46; width of postorbital processes, 70-72; postorbital breadth, 45-50; median length of nasals, 53-55; greatest breadth of nasals, 36-37; foramen magnum to posterior margin of palate, 90; posterior margin of palate to middle incisor, 87-91; length of upper tooth row, 71-72 ; crown of upper carnassial, 25. 8x 13 ; length of mandible, 150-154; height of mandible, 67-72.
onca goldmani (Felis), Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xiv, 1901,
P- 142. GOLDMAN'S JAGUAR.
Type locality. Yohatlan, State of Campeche, Mexico.
Gcogr. Distr. Unknown.
Genl. Char. Similar to F. o. hernandezi, but of a deeper color and larger black markings.
Color. Above tawny ochraceous heavily spotted with black, a chain of black spots forming nearly a complete dorsal stripe; rosettes on dorsal area much larger in size; under parts buffy white, banded with elongate black spots; tail mainly black above, this hue predomi- nating on under side also; ears black with tawny central spot, creamy buff within.
Measurements. Total length, 1910; tail, 670 (skin). Skull: Hensel, 211-227; zygomatic breadth, 178-180; mastoid breadth, 111-113; interorbital constriction, 49-50; width of postorbital pro- cesses, 74-75; median length of nasals, 62-67; greatest breadth of nasals, 43-48; length of premolar series, 52-54; crown of upper car- nassial, 27 x 14; length of interpterygoid fossa, 35-36.
455. pardalis (Felis), Linn., Syst. Nat., i, 1758, p. 42; i, 1766, p. 62. Elliot Mon. Felidae, pi. xvm, text; Id. Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 294. *limitis Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xiv, 1901, p. 146.
*This seems to be a pale individual of F '. pardalis, such as is not infrequently seen in a series of specimens from a single locality. Color in this most vari- able species has but little specific value. The type in the U. S. National Mu- seum. Washington, has been examined. Dr. Mearns states that the pattern of this form is never exactly the same on any two specimens. Some twenty years ago, when writing in the Monograph of the Felidae on the Ocelots, after an exhaustive examir.ation of all the specimens then contained in the great European Museums, as well as in those of this country, I was constrained to say, regarding the coloration and patterns of the Ocelot, that, "to vary from each other in the hue and arrangement of the spots and stripes of their coats seems to be one of the chief efforts of the existence of these cats, and as if not content with differing from his fellows, an Ocelot usually succeeds in exhib- iting a distinct pattern on each of his sides, so that he may be said to differ from himself." It will be, therefore, extremely easy to split the pardalis group into any number of so-called subspecies, or even species, but very diffi- cult to make them generallv recognizable by Mammalogists. The type of F. limitis, so far as its color is concerned, dots not resemble the F. albcscens, Pucheran .
448 FELIS.
OCELOT. Manigordo in Costa Rica.
Type locality. Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Southern Texas to Mexico, and southward to Buenos Ayres east of the Andes. Boquete, Chiriqui, Central America. (Bangs.)
Genl. Char. Size less than that of the lynx ; tail less than half the length of head and body; color markings very irregular, and body color very variable.
Color. Upper parts rufous, marked with black lines and spots, some of the latter with rufous centers; flanks and loins yellowish white, striped with rufous margined with black; legs spotted with black on light buff; feet buffy white; cheeks crossed by two black lines; chin, throat, breast, and belly white, the last two spotted with black; tail dark buff, banded and spotted with black, tip blackish. (Typical style.)
Measurements. Total length about 970; tail vertebrae, 347; Skull of F. limitis, type, Hensel, 114; zygomatic breadth, 93; width of bullae, 17; length of upper tooth row, 40; crown of carnassial, 15.8x7-8.
fa. — mearnsi Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1904, p. 71.
costaricensis . Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1902, p. 245.
(nee Merr.) COSTA RICA OCELOT.
Type locality. Talamanca, Costa Rica.
Genl. Char. Size large; ground color tawny; pattern of coloring like that of F. pardalis.
Color. Ground color of upper parts russet or tawny; five black stripes on neck above; a median dorsal black stripe, with a row of black spots on each side; tail with numerous black cross bars both above and beneath; a black stripe beneath head and one on chest; under parts cream buff with the usual black spots; ears black, with the gray patch as seen in all of these cats.
Measurements. Total length, 1050; tail, 280; hind foot, 162. (skin.) Skull: Hensel, 134; zygomatic breadth, 108; Male. Female: Hensel, 112; zygomatic breadth, 92.
456. *carrikeri (Felis} Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1904, p. 47.
fThis would seem to be an individual of the F. pardalis form with colors slightly deepened, a hue often seen in specimens of this species irrespective of locality.
*Evidently a melanistic individual, probably of F. pardalis. The total length equals that species, but the skull and tail have smaller measurements. This may be merely an individual peculiarity.
FELIS. 449
CARRIKER'S OCELOT.
Type locality. Pozo Azul, Pirris Province, Costa Rica.
Genl. Char. Size small; tail short.
Color. Nose to end of tail brownish black; sides lighter and more brownish; ventral surface chocolate brown; outer side of limbs dark chocolate brown indistinctly clouded with blackish brown; inner side of limbs like ventral surface indistinctly blotched with darker spots ; ears blackish brown; lips and cheeks blackish; tail above uniform brownish black, sides and beneath lighter, slightly clouded with a darker color.
Measurements. Total length, 970; tail vertebrae, 276; hind foot, 101. Skull: total length, 86; Hensel, 73; zygomatic breadth, 55; interorbital constriction, 16; intertemporal width, 28; middle of brain- case above meatus, 38; length of nasals, 18; anterior width of nasals, ii ; bullae, 18X10; front of canine to posterior border of carnassial, 30.5; length of upper carnassial, 19; length of lower carnassial, 7.5; length of mandible, 55; height at condyle, 11.5; at coronoid, 21.5.
457. tigrina Erxl., Syst. Regn. Anim., I, 1777, p. 517. Elliot, Mon. Felidas, pi. xix.
mitis F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. Mamm., n, 1820, pi. 137.
macroura Max., Beitr. Naturg. Bras., n, 1826, p. 371.
chati Griff., Anim. King., n, 1827, p. 479.
brasiliensis F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. Mamm., n, 1820, pi. 139.
elegans Less., Cent. Zool., 1830, p. 69, pi. 21. THE MARGAY. Cauzel in Costa Rica.
Type locality. Unknown. "South America."
Geogr. Distr. Honduras to Paraguay.
Genl. Char. Nasals broad, narrowing rapidly posteriorly; audital bullae large, swollen; infraorbital foramen oblong; canines moderate.
Color. Very variable. General color light rufous brown; four narrow brownish black lines, two from between, and two from the corner of the eyes, pass over the top of the head to the base of the neck, where they become broader and black; a line of white between the nose and eyes; two narrow brown lines cross the cheek from the eye and meet another irregular dark brown line passing across the side of the throat under the jaw. Cheek, throat, breast, and belly have the ground color white; the entire body, back, sides, and belly thickly covered with round brownish black spots, forming lines on the back; the breast is crossed by four or five irregular brownish black lines; legs spotted like the back, the spots reaching nearly to the feet on the fore legs, but only to the heels on the hind ones; tail long, covered with black spots like those of the body, and inclining
450 FELIS.
to rings near the tip; the ground color rufous like that of body. Back of ears rufous, black on outer edge. (From Mon. Felidae, ex Spec, in Brit. Museum, representing typical style.) Other examples are gray, yellowish brown, or reddish buff, and the patterns have endless variety.
Measurements. Total length, about 890; tail, 280.
458. glaucula (Felis), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ;th Ser., xn,
1903, p. 235. SMALL SPOTTED CAT.
Type locality. Beltran, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Color. General color pale drab gray; linear black markings narrow, and inclosing on the sides elongate spaces; central pale line on back, with a double series of broken black lines on each side; on shoulders and hips the markings form rosettes with deep black bor- ders; central spaces of rosettes gray, darker than the ground color; black line across lower part of jaw, and one across chest; belly spotted with black; limbs buffy gray on outer side, white on inner, and spotted to feet; tail with n or 12 black rings.
Measurements. Total length, 1010 (overstretched); tail, 410; hind foot, 108; ear, 48. Skull: greatest length, 94.5; basal line, 82; zygomatic breadth, 63; median length of nasals, 16.5; interorbital breadth, 18; across postorbital processes, 49; interorbital constriction, 30.5; breadth across frontals, 38; across parietals, 43; palatal length, 35; length of bullae, 20.5.*
•^•pardinoides oneilla (Felis), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., yth
Ser., xii, 1903, p. 237. OUNCE-LIKE CAT.
Type locality. Volcan de Irazri, Costa Rica.
*With the exception that the general ground color is said to be gray in- stead of fulvous or tawny (also two distinctive hues) , there is nothing in Mr. Thomas's description (1. c.), from which the above was taken, to enable any one to distinguish this form from F. iigrina, and this light color may be, as it is in other cases, an individual peculiarity. It is to be regretted that new names should be given to the spotted cats, whose synonymy is already so vol- uminous, until at least some agreement can be reached as to what forms the majority of these appellations should be restricted, for new names with per- plexing descriptions only serve to increase the confusion that may already exist.
tThis animal is compared with F. pardinoides Gray, which has not been satisfactorily separated from F. geoffroyi. It is reasonable to expect that this should be done before a subspecies of F. pardinoides is created. It would be difficult to accurately determine that any specimen was the same as Mr. Thomas's species without comparison with the type, as there are but slight specific characters indicated in the description, unless a "richer and deeper ground color" may be so considered, but which is a comparative distinction of questionable value.
FELIS. 451
Color. Ground color dark clay color; usual black lines on head and nape, but median nectral line not present; black line on lower back flanked by rosettes; chin dull whitish; under surface brownish clay color, as are also the feet; tail with broad black rings above, clay color beneath, with indistinct black rings; tip black.
Measurements. Total length, 795; tail, 290; hind foot, 105; ear, 39. No skull preserved.
459. jaguarondi (Fclis), Fisch., Zoogn., 1814, p. 228. Elliot, Mon.
Felidae, pi. xin. Id. Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 295. JAGUARONDI. Leon monero, Leon miquero, in Costa Rica.
Type locality. Paraguay.
Geogr. Distr. Rio Grande, Texas, southward to Paraguay, east of Andes.
Genl. Char. Body elongate; legs short; tail as long as body without head.
Color. General color grizzled brownish gray; hairs annulated and black-tipped; tail like body; some specimens black with rufous tinge, tips of hairs white.
Measurements. Total length, 678; tail vertebrae, 365. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 96.5; Hensel, 86; zygomatic width, 64; inter- orbital constriction, 29; at posterior processes, 44; mastoid width, 39; median length of nasals, 19; length of upper tooth row, 20; length of mandible, 55; height at coronoid process, 28; length of lower tooth row, 22.
a. — *cacomitU Berlandier in Baird, Rep. U. S. & Mex. Bound.
Surv., 1857, n, Mamm., p. 12. GRAY JAGUARONDI.
Type locality. Matamoros, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Color gray.
Color. Summer Pelage. Nearly uniform smoky gray, or pepper- and-salt gray with under fur whitish gray, the over hairs ringed with white, buff, and black, and tipped with black; under parts paler; light buffy gray bordering the blackish orbital ring, and on chin and throat; a narrow blackish line between eyes, and another between ears; tail beneath whitish' smoke gray.
Winter Pelage. Darker, with more black on back; otherwise similar to the summer coat.
Measurements. Total length, 1060; tail vertebrae, 480; hind foot, 140; ear above crown, 40. Skull: Hensel, 95; zygomatic breadth, 70;
*A gray phase of F. jaguarondi, probably an individual peculiarity, and no doubt found among members of the same litter, as is witnessed among the young of screech owls, Otus asio,'m thesamcnest. (See the Auk, 1903, pp. 272-76 for use of genus Otus.)
452 FELIS.
interorbital constriction, 20; intertemporal breadth, 30; breadth of braincase above meatus, 46; palatal length, 40.7; breadth between outer corners of carnassials, 38.7 ; breadth of posterior nasal fossa, 14; front of canine to back of carnassial, 28.5 ; length of upper carnassial, 12.3; length of lower carnassial, 8.8.
b. — *tolteca (Fells'), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., yth Ser., i,
1898, p. 41. SINALOA JAGUARONDI.
Type locality. Tatemales, State of Sinaloa, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Sinaloa, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Similar in size to F. jaguarondi, but color grizzled fawn instead of blackish gray or reddish of the typical form. Skull comparatively different.
Color. General color above pale grizzled fawn, grayer on head, neck, and limbs; tail grizzled fawn above, rufous fawn beneath; under parts whitish fawn ; base of fur brownish gray.
Measurements. Total length, 1030; tail, 460; hind foot, 138; ear, 37. Skull: Hensel, 82; zygomatic breadth, 64; interorbital constric- tion, 18; intertemporal width, 33.5; breadth of braincase above auditory meatus, 43; palatal length, 36; width between outer corners of carnassials, 38.7 ; width of posterior nasal fossa, 14; front of canine to back of carnassial, 28.7; length of upper carnassial, 11.3; of lower carnassial, 9.
460. fpanamensis (Felis}, Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1904,
p. 71. BOQUERON JAGUARONDI.
Type locality. Boqueron, Chiriqui, Panama.
Color. Above dusky gray; head, ears, nape, and sides of neck lighter, rusty brownish gray varied with black; top of shoulders and posterior third of medium dorsal region black, irregularly varied with white-tipped hairs; sides of front of limbs dark gray; inner side blackish; fore neck and throat rusty brown; ventral surface dark gray; feet blackish; tail black above, sides and beneath lighter; under fur gray brown.
Measurements. Total length, 985; tail vertebrae, 390; hind foot, 128; ear, 40. Skull: total length, 96; Hensel, 80; zygomatic width, 62; interorbital constriction, 15.5; width of braincase, 46; length of
*This should be compared with the previous subspecies. Difference of sex might be responsible for different body and cranial dimensions. The color- ing of the two individuals is apparently similar, merely a gray phase of F. jaguarondi.
fShould be compared with F. ;'. cacomitli and F. j. iolteca. Apparently an individual slight variation in color so common in examples of F. jaguarondi.
FELIS. 453
nasals, 24; palatal length, 33; bullae, 18x12; length of upper tooth row from front of canine, 30; length of upper carnassial, 12.5; length of lower carnassial, 9.7 ; length of mandible, 60; height of condyle, 13 ; at coronoid process, 27.
461. eyra (Felis), Fisch., Zoogn., 1814, p. 228. Elliot, Mon. Felidae,
pi. xiv; Id. Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 295. THE EYRA. Apache, Onza in Mexico.
Type locality. Paraguay.
Geogr. Distr. Brownsville, Texas, south to Paraguay, east of the Andes.
Genl. Char. Body long and slender; legs short; tail very long.
Color. Rich brownish red ; darkest on the back, lightest on belly ; tail same color.
Measurements. Total length, 670; tail vertebrae, 230.
a. — apache (Felis}, Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xiv, 1901, p. 150.
eyra. Baird, Rep. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv., Mamm., 1857,
p. 88, pi. LXII, fig. i. THE TAMAULIPAS EYRA.
Type locality. Rio Grande del Norte, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico.
Genl. Char. "Size of common house cat; body long and slender; head small; ears short, without tufts; tail long. Skull: no frontal fossa; marked lateral constriction of the audital bullae; posterior narial fossa narrow; teeth small.
Color. Entirely rufous, including tail; no spots visible.
Measurements. Skull: "basilar length of Hensel, 76; zygomatic breadth, 60; least interorbital breadth, 19; intertemporal breadth, 32 ; breadth of braincase above auditory meatus, 41; palate, length from henselion to posterior edge, excluding median notch, 32.2; greatest diameter of orbit, 26; greatest length of nasal bone, 20; breadth of nasal bones opposite end of nasal processes of f rentals, 8.5; anterior narial orifice, 12X11; breadth of jugal, 7; audital bullae, 18X10; breadth between outer corners of carnassials, 33 ; breadth of posterior narial fossa, 12; front of upper canine to back of carnassial, 25; length of upper carnassial, n; length of lower carnassial, 8.8." (Mearns, 1. c.)
462. fossata (Felis}, Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xiv, 1901, p. 150. YUCATAN EYRA.
Type locality. Merida, Yucatan.
Genl. Char. Skull alone known. "Skull narrow, its greatest diameters, 91X60 mm.; convex posteriorly, flattened supraorbit-
454 FELIS.
ally, with marked declination forward from middle of nasals, interfrontal region with a deep fossa, V-shaped on section, 8 mm. in length, between the anterior extremity of the interfrontal suture and the nasal bones, which latter are similarly infolded, continuing the fossa forward to the extremity of the nasals as a groove which gradually decreases in depth towards their extremity; orbit rela- tively small; nasal bones narrow, elongate at sides, pointed poster- riorly, where they are bent downward to form the anterior portion of the frontal fossa; anterior narial opening high and narrow; infra- orbital foramen single and round; interorbital region narrow; jugal broad; posterior narial fossa wide, with a scarcely perceptible post- palatal notch; audital bullae elongate, high, pointed anteriorly, scarcely constricted laterally; sagittal and occipital crests moderately developed; dentition heavy as compared with Felis apache."
Measurements. " Basilar length of Hensel, 78; zygomatic breadth, 60; least interorbital breadth, 16; intertemporal breadth, 30; breadth of braincase above auditory meatus, 42; palate, length from hense- lion to posterior edge, excluding median notch, 33.7; greatest diameter of orbit, 23 ; greatest length of nasal bone, 23 ; breadth of nasal bones opposite end of nasal processes of frontals, 7 ; anterior narial orifice, 14X12; breadth of jugal, 10; audital bulla, 20X12; breadth between outer corner of carnassials, 37.2; breadth of pos- terior nasal fossa, 13; front of upper canine to back of carnassial, 27.5; length of upper carnassial, 12.2; length of lower carnassial, 9.4." (Mearns, 1. c.)*
B. Felis. Tail half the length of body without head. Adults without spots.
"\concolor oregonensis (Felix!}, Rafin., Atlantic Journ., i, 1832, No. 2,
p. 62.
hippolestes Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xi, 1897, p. 219. olympus Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xi, 1897, p. 220. hippolestes aztecus Merr., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., in, 1901,
p. 592. NORTHWESTERN PUMA.
Type locality. Northwest coast.
*It would be more satisfactory if, in a genus where there is so much varia- tion in the species, the material by which this form has been differentiated could have been more ample.
fDr. Merriam has describe'd at various times sundry species and subspecies of Puma, basing his distinctive characters upon size, color, and certain differ- ences in the skull. As regards size, that is hardly worth considering as a spe- cific character; for all cats vary so greatly in their dimensions, even from the same locality, that no dependence can be placed upon measurements; and sex and age, even among adults, have much influence on the size of an animal
-IELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM.
PLATE XLIV, ZOOLOGY.
FELIS C. OREGONENSIS. No. QS88 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. % nat. size.
FELIS. 455
Geogr. Distr. West coast of North America, east to Rocky Mountains, south into northern Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size variable; tail long; color variable.
Color. Upper parts and sides varying from dark to pale rufous brown, occasionally almost of a gray shade, darkest on dorsal region ; tail above like back, with a black tip, beneath either white on basal portion, or all gray or grayish white; face with black patch on upper lip on each side of nose; top of head and nose darker than back; upper lip and throat white; belly white or grayish white, often tinged with rufous; ears behind black with a paler spot on center; front part of legs similar to body; hind part paler, often nearly white.
Measurements. Total length, 2000-2600, often less than 2000; tail vertebrae, 750-900; hind foot, 260-270. Skull: adults, occipito- nasal length, 175-202; Hensel, 144-167; zygomatic width, 124-142; interorbital constriction, 34-41.5; across postorbital processes, 63-75;
without considering other causes. Color in these animals is equally unsatis- factory; for whenever many Puma skins from any locality are compared, their color will be seen to be mostly a matter of individual or seasonal variation. As to skull dimensions and characters, none have yet been given, so far as I have seen, that are permanent, by which I mean characters that are to be met with in ALL skulls from even the srme locality. This being so, they cannot be depended upon or maintained; for the same characters may be, and indeed are, found in skulls of Pumas killed many miles apart, and which rejoice in different names. Dr. Merriam has separated the Puma from Colonia Garcia in the State of Chihuahua, Mexico, as a distinct form under the name of F. hippolestes aztecus, giving such characters as "narrow interorbital region; frontals elevated, arched; sagittal crest less highly developed; bullae variable; tail without white beneath, and a dull grayish fulvous color on the upper parts." There are in the collection of the Field Columbian Museum five topotypes of this animal, varying in size and color, from one as large as a big northwest speci- men to a moderately sized individual, and in color from a rather pale hue to one indistinguishable from the Pumas of Montana and British Columbia, with which a comparison has been made, and also exhibiting tails with and without white beneath. The skulls do not average narrower in the interorbital region, in fact some are wider than those of their northern relatives, the frontals are neither more elevated nor arched, the sagittal crest is present in all, and varies in development, as will be the case in all cat skulls which have it at all. The bullas vary greatly in size in all, more so perhaps in the Chihuahua specimens than in the others, but there are more of them than from any other particular locality, so this fact cannot be definitely determined, but the variation among the Mexican specimens is so great as to prove that for form or size the dimensions of the bullae, in these examples at least, are worthless as specific char- acters. "Total length" depends, as a rule, mainly upon the length of tail, and this member differs greatly in that respect in this family, the caudal ver- tebrae in some individuals of the same species and from the same locality often varying in number. This I have known to be the case among lions and other big cats. After a very careful investigation and comparison, therefore, of these Colonia Garcia specimens with those from the north and northwestern United States and British Columbia, I do not find a single intelligible charac- ter by which they can be separated, and have placed F. h. aztecus as a syno- nym of F. oregonensis Rafin, expressing at the same time very great doubts if this northwestern animal has any claims to be considered distinct from the Pumas inhabiting the other portions of the United States, no dependable char- acters having yet been suggested by which the animals of one section can be accurately and definitely distinguished at all times from those of another.
456 FELIS.
median length of nasals, 37.5-43; palatal length, 67-81.5; length of upper canine anteriorly, 25-31; length of upper carnassial, alveolar border, 18.5-21 ; length of upper molar series, alveolar border, 33.5-37 ; length of lower canine anteriorly, 22-27; alveolar length of lower carnassial, 12.5-13; alveolar length of lower molar series, 40-43; length of mandible, angle to symphysis, 121-134; height at coronoid process, 57-66.
*bangsi costaricensis (Fells'), Merr., Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Wash.,
1901, p. 596. CENTRAL AMERICAN PUMA.
Type locality. Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama.
Geogr. Distr. Unknown.
Genl. Char. Belly red like the sides.
Color. "Similar to F. bangsi of South America (ferrugineous) , but darker and redder, particularly on the belly, which is red like the sides, with only an indistinct narrow whitish line down the middle, barely connecting the whitish pectoral and inguinal areas; fur between foot pads black."
Measurements. Total length, 1680; tail vertebrae, 680; hind foot, 220; ear, 75." (Merr., 1. c.)
0. Lynx.
Tail short, less than half the length of body without head; anterior premolar wanting.
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES. A. Tail less than half the length of body.
a. Fur spotted in adults and young. PAGE
a/ Above pale rufous - F. r. escuinapce 456
b/ Above chestnut brown; variable F. r. texensis 458
c.' Above grizzled pale yellowish brown F. r. eremica 458
d/ Above reddish brown, gray, and black. F. r. californica 458
e/ Above gray, suffused with buff F. r. baileyi 459
f.' Above pale rufous gray F. peninsularis 460
rufa escuinapce (Lynx), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1903,
p. 614. ESCUINAPA LYNX.
Type locality. Escuinapa, State of Sinaloa, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to F. r. californica and F. r. texensis, but smaller, more spotted, and streaked with black, and without black soles.
*This should be compared with the Mexican Puma, as the under parts often have a red or reddish tinee in these animals irrespective of locality.
FELIS.
457
FIG. 84. FELIS R. BAILEYI. No. 7620 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. | nat. size.
Color. Above pale rufous varied with gray; lighter on sides; middle of dorsal region striped and spotted with black; sides with larger spots of brownish black; two narrow median dorsal black bands; top of head streaked and spotted with black; front and sides of head mixed gray and pale rufous; orbital ring grayish white; upper lip with black mark; sides of neck with black stripes; fore limbs pale rufous blotched with black; inner sides whitish with half- rings and spots of black; hind limbs similar; ventral surface white;
458 FELIS.
rufous band on chest and abdomen slightly suffused with buff, and the entire under parts blotched with black; tail above like back, with black apical half-ring and several paler half-rings of blackish brown; middle of tail below white, and white tip; ear black, with whitish gray median patch.
Measurements. Total length, 805; tail vertebrae, 117; hind foot, 1 60; ear from notch, 55. Skull: total length, 115; Hensel, 94; palatal length, 41; zygomatic breadth, 78; interorbital constriction, 22; breadth across postorbital processes, 52; mastoid breadth, 52.3; breadth between outer corners of upper carnassials, 45.3; length of upper carnassials, 14.6.
rufa texensis (Fclis), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1895, p. 188. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., Suppl., 1901, p. 506 (note).
rufa maculata Vig. & Horsf., Zool. Journ., iv, 1829, p. 381. (nee Kerr.) Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 296, as maculata. WILD CAT. Gato monies in Mexico for all Lynxes.
Type locality. Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Mexican boundary line into Texas and California.
Gcnl. Char. Fur coarse; distinct spots on back and sides.
Color. Above chestnut brown; darkest on back, with rather indistinct spots, also on outer side of legs; under parts white, with large black spots; inside of thighs banded with black and chestnut; tail beneath white, above tip is black.
Measurements. Total length, about 900; tail vertebras, 126.
rufa eremica (Lynx), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xx, 1897, p. 457.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 298. DESERT LYNX.
Type locality. New River, near Laguna Station, Colorado Desert, San Diego County, California.
Geogr. Distr. Eastern and Western Desert Tracts on the Mexican Line; probably in States of Sonora and Chihuahua, Mexico.
Color. Above grizzled pale yellowish brown, spotted and striped with brown and black; legs ochraceous buff, mixed with grayish; under parts white, and with inner side of limbs spotted or banded with black ; flanks and outer side of limbs spotted with yellowish brown ; tail reddish brown above, white below, subterminal spot of black, rest barred with black; ears as usual.
Measurements. Total length, 925; tail vertebras, 170; hind foot, 185.
rufa californica (Lynx), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xx, 1897, p. 458. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 298.
FELIS.
459
CALIFORNIA LYNX.
Type locality. San Diego, San Diego County, California.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, and Pacific coast tract of California.
Color. Above reddish brown, mixed with gray and black, and two interrupted black lines from shoulder to root of tail ; outer sides of limbs and sides ochraceous buff, mixed with gray and spotted with yellowish brown; inner surface of limbs, under surface of head and body, and under side of tail white, banded or spotted with black; chest with a rusty gray collar spotted with black.
Measurements. Total length, 752; tail vertebrae, 150. Skull: greatest length, 107; occipito-nasal length, 100; Hensel, 89; zygo- matic width, 77; interorbital constriction, 22; across postorbital processes, 54; length of nasals, 22; palatal length, 41 ; length of upper carnassial, alveolar border, 12.
FIG. LX. FELIS R. BAILEYI. BAILEY'S LYNX.
Tufa baileyi (Lynx}, Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 3, 1890, p. 79. Elliot,
Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 297. BAILEY'S LYNX.
Type locality. Moccasin Spring, Coconino County, Arizona.
460 FELIS. VIVERRID^E.
Geogr Distr. Arizona and northern Mexico. (State of Chihuahua.)
Genl. Char. Similar to F. rufa, but paler; cranium inflated.
Color. Variable; above from grizzled pale brown and gray (Arizona specimens), to grizzled black and gray (Chihuahua, Mexico, specimens); sides buff or whitish buff; under parts white, spotted with black; top of head mixed brown and white, with an indistinct narrow central brown stripe, and one on each side near ears; thighs pale buff on outer side; legs mixed brown and white above, spotted with black; beneath white, spotted with black; feet pale brown; tail basal three-fourths pale brown, uniform, or barred with rufous, with two narrow subterminal half -rings and tip black, beneath white; ears with anterior border and central outer portion white, remainder black, tufts black. The Mexican specimens are darker and more richly colored than Arizona examples; and the brown stripes on the head are wanting in the latter.
Measurements. Total length, 780; tail vertebrae, 130; hind foot, 170. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 112; Hensel, 91; zygomatic breadth, 77; interorbital constriction, 37; posterior margin of palate to alveolus of incisors, 41 ; pterygoid fossa from tip of hamular process to palatal arch, 18.5; length of upper sectorial, 13; length of lower jaw, 67; height at coronoid process, 31.
463. peninsularis (Fells'), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser.,
i, 1898, p. 42. LOWER CALIFORNIA LYNX.
Type locality. Santa Anita, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Cape Region of Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size very small; braincase small, narrow.
Color. Above pale rufous and gray; long hairs black-tipped; under parts white with black spots; markings of head, face, and ears as in usual style of California lynxes.
Measurements. Total length, 761; tail, 154; hind foot, 160; ear, 81. Skull: basilar length, 91.6; greatest breadth, 76.5.
Fam. II. Viverridse. Mungoose, Civets, etc.
Upper carnassial generally without an anterior lobe; lower with developed talon; second lower incisor on each side higher than first and third; auditory bulla externally constricted, internally divided by a septum, conspicuous from the meatus; digits usually five on each foot, but sometimes the pollex or hallux, or both, are lacking; claws vary in retractility according to types, some species being digitigrade, others somewhat plantigrade.
HERPESTINJE. HERPESTES. 461
Subfam. I. Herpestinse.
The members of the subfamily HERPESTIN^E are rather small terrestrial animals, which in the pursuit of their prey sometimes climb trees. Active and courageous, they are constantly searching for their food, which consists of various small quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, insects, and eggs. The species are Indian, African, and one European found in Spain. The genus is not indigenous to the American Continent, and the single species recorded below was imported into Porto Rico, Jamaica, and other islands of the West Indies in order that the snakes, which were very numerous in some of them, might be exterminated; for this little animal is a deadly foe to all serpents, and does not hesitate to attack the most venomous, even the deadly cobra, which it almost invariably destroys. It was supposed, and in Oriental countries the belief still exists, that the Ichneumon, or Mungoose, as it is generally called, when bitten by a poisonous reptile like the cobra, immediately seeks for a root known in India as manguswail, and eats it for an antidote. There is, how- ever, no foundation for this story; and the fact is the Mungoose escapes the strokes of the snake simply by its wonderful activity. It may possibly be less susceptible to poison than many mammals; but if a cobra happens to strike a Mungoose fairly it dies, as any other creature would. This animal is a good ratter, and will clear any place infested by rats and mice in a short time. In Jamaica it has nearly exterminated the rats that inflicted much injury to the sugar cane, and it also killed the snakes; and now for lack of these creatures, it has turned its attention to chickens and native birds and their eggs, and has become very much of a pest itself, threatening the poultry of the inhabitants as well as their forest birds. The importation into a country of most animals that are foreign to it, while a possible benefit for a time, will almost certainly prove, if they survive, a greater evil than the one they were expected to cure. When angry, the Mungoose growls and raises the hair upon the body, and especially that of the tail, and this erect, thick covering probably helps to shield it from the attacks of serpents when fighting with these reptiles.
86. Herpestes. Ichneumons.
Herpestes Illig., Prodr. Syst. Mamm., et Av., 1811, p. 135. Type
Viverra ichneumon Linnaeus.
Head slender, pointed; body lengthened, slender; ears short, rounded; tail generally hairy, thick at base, rather long in most
46-2
HERPESTES.
FIG. 85. HERPESTES MUNGO.
No. 110941 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Nat. size.
species; legs short; five toes on each foot, the first one short; claws lengthened, not retractile; palms usually naked. Skull with short face and elongated braincase, postorbital constriction great; palate extending beyond posterior molars ; pterygoids short ; pterygoid fossa wanting.
464. mungo (Viverra), Gmel., Syst. Nat., i, 1788, p. 84. COMMON INDIAN MUNGOOSE.
Type locality. India. Introduced into the Islands of Jamaica, Porto Rico, St. Kitts, etc.
Genl. Char. Hair long, ragged; tail hairy, shorter than head and body; tarsus naked to heel; palate extending midway between last molars and posterior end of pterygoids, which are parallel.
Color. Grayish brown, speckled with white or light gray, some- times tinged with ferrugineous ; hairs with dark brown and grayish white rings alternating.
HERPESTES.
463
FIG. LXI. HERPESTES MUNGO. MONGOOSE.
Measurements. Total length, 737-890; tail, 356-380. Skull: basal length, 75; zygomatic width, 42. The size of both animals and skulls varies, however, considerably, and the female is usually the smaller.
• The family CANID/E contains various animals, such as Dogs, Wolves, Foxes, Jackals, etc., which have a great uniformity of struc- ture and similar habits. It is a cosmopolitan group, and its members are sociable, fond of each other's society, and some of the species usually hunt in packs, and are possessed of more intelligence than falls to the lot of most quadrupeds. A great number of species and many varieties are recognized, some of them very unsatisfactorily defined. The group is divided into two series, the Lupine and the Vulpine, the former containing the wild and domestic Dogs, Wolves, and Jackals, the latter the true Foxes and their allies. These are distributed over many lands, and their coats, like those of the cats, vary in length of hair and thickness of fur according as the climate is productive of excessive degrees of heat or cold. As a general rule, the animals of northern habitats are larger and more powerful than their brethren of southern latitudes, but their habits are the same.
464 CANIDJE. CANINE. CANIS.
Unlike Cats, which depend upon a stealthy approach and sudden spring to secure their prey, the members of the Canidae run their's down in the open, frequently giving cry as they speed onward in the chase. The species most dreaded are the great timber wolves, which, when rendered desperate by hunger, assemble in packs, and do not hesitate to attack any animal on their domain, not even man himself. Jackals and Coyotes are little wolves by comparison, the former inhabitants of the Old World, the latter of the New. Wild Dogs are also natives of the Eastern Hemisphere in parts of Central Asia, and the Oriental region ; none are found in North America. The' Vulpine group has many species of true foxes, as well as some genera con- taining doglike animals of the wolf series, like the Cape Hunting Dog of Africa (Lycaon pictus) and the Bush Dog of South America (Icticyon venaticus}. The variations in the structure of the members of the Canidae are very slight, consisting in the number of molar teeth, some possessing more, others less, and in the case of the Hunt- ing Dog, fewer toes, and the same number on all feet. Trifling variations in the skull and the size of the teeth have been seized upon for specific distinction, but like the numberless shades of color in their coats, but little dependence can be placed on the majority of these characters for a satisfactory specific diagnosis. The gradations from one form to another in all the members of this family would seem to defy all efforts to affix a boundary to many of those desig- nated as worthy of separate rank.
i Fam. III. Can id ;r. Wolves. Foxes.
St. George Mivart. Monograph of the Canidce, 1890. C. H. Merriam. Review of the Coyotes, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1897, p. 19.
Claws not retractile; feet digitigrade; four toes on hind foot, five on fore foot, one rudimentary situated high above the others, some- times absent; bullae inflated; paroccipital process in contact with bullse.
Subfam. I. Caninse. 87. Caiiis.
T 3-3. rlnl- p 4^4. M 2-2 _ , 2 S-3' UM; F'4-4' M'3-3-42-
Canis Linn., Syst. Nat., i, 1758, p. 38; i, 1766, p. 56. Type Canis
familiaris Linnaeus.
Lupus Frisch, Nat. Syst. vierfuss. Thiere, in Tab., 1775. Oken. Schrb. Naturg. 1816, Zool. 2te Abth., p. 1039.
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM.
PLATE XLVI, ZOOLOGY.
CAMS MEXICANUS. No. 7618 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. I nat. size.
CAN IS. 465
Alopex Kaup. Entw.-Gesch. & Naturl. Syst. Europ. Thierw., i,
1829, p. 83. Lyciscus H. Smith, in Jard., Nat. Libr. Mamm., ix, 1839, pp.
160-166.
Leucocyon Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1868, p. 561. Neocyon Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1868, p. 506.
Nose long, tapering; jaws elongate; postorbital processes short; orbit open posteriorly; braincase lengthened, compressed anteriorly; claws short, blunt, slightly curved; upper carnassial with a strong blade, the middle lobe conical, pointing backward, the anterior lobe nearly obsolete; lower carnassial with a bilobed blade, compressed, the hinder lobe the larger, with two cusps and a raised interior border.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Size small ; tail about half the length of body.
a. Teeth large, heavy. PAGE
a/ Under surface of tail ochraceous; tip black C. lestes 465
b/ Under surface of tail fulvous; tip black.
a." Rostrum thick; palate short, broad C. cagottis 466
b/7 Rostrum longer; palate longer, wider. .C. peninsula 466
c/' Rostrum short; palate very broad C. clepticus 467
c/ Under surface of tail fulvous, basally
whitish C. vigilis 467
b. Teeth small.
a/ Forearm bright orange; no black C. mearnsi 468
b.' Forearm pale fulvous C. impavidus 468
c/ Forearm mixed with black on upper side. . .C. microdon 469
d.' Forearm bright buff C. estor 469
e/ Forearm deep fulvous C. ochropus 469
B. Size large; tail longer than half the body with- out head; colors variable C. mexicanus 471
465. lestes (Caw's), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xi, 1897, p. 25.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 301. ROBBER COYOTE. Coyote in Spanish America for all small wolves.
Type locality. Toyabe Mountains, near Cloverdale, Nye County, Nevada.
Geogr. Distr. Northern Mexico probably, through Arizona and New Mexico to Washington and Southern British Columbia.
Genl. Char. Size medium; ears and tail large; color similar to that of C. latrans. Skull and teeth medium.
Color. Muzzle pale cinnamon rufous; top of head grizzled gray and ochraceous; crown, nape, and ears fulvous; rest of upper parts
466 CANIS.
grayish buff y mixed with black ; under parts whitish tinged with buff on belly ; ruff tipped with black ; fore and hind legs buffy ochraceous on outer side, whitish on inner side, and also on the hind feet; tail broadly tipped with black, white beneath on basal third, ochraceous on remainder, the hairs tipped with black towards the black tip.
Measurements. Total length, 1116; tail vertebrae, 320; hind foot, 200. Skull: basal length, 170; Hensel, 166; zygomatic breadth, 102; palatal length, 88; mastoid breadth, 62; length of crown of upper sectorial, 21.5.
466. cagottis (Cam's), H. Smith, in Jard. Nat. Libr., Mamm.,
1839, p. 164. SMITH'S COYOTE.
Type locality. Rio Frio, between City of Mexico and Puebla, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. States of Mexico and Oaxaca, Mexico, and probably in others; range not determined.
Genl. Char. Similar to C. peninsula, but larger and more red.
Color. Upper parts mixed fulvous, buff, and black; nose ferru- gineous; crown, nape, and ears fulvous; outer side of legs and feet fulvous; inner side of hind legs white; tail with black-tipped hairs, under side basally white, remainder fulvous.
Measurements. Total length, 1132; tail vertebrae, 304 ; hind foot, 195. Skull: basal length, 164; Hensel, 160; zygomatic width, 98; palatal length, 84; mastoid breadth, 59; length of upper sectorial, crown, 21.
467. peninsula? (Canis}, Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xi, 1897,
p. 28. LOWER CALIFORNIA COYOTE.
Type locality. Santa Anita, Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Cape Region of Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to C. ochropus of California in size, but darker.
Color. Upper parts mixed ochraceous and black; top of head mixed grayish fulvous and black; nose rufous; collar mixed buff and black; legs and feet fulvous; under parts pale fulvous and black; tail beneath white basally, then fulvous, and hairs black-tipped.
Measurements. Total length, about uoo; tail vertebrae, 300; hind foot, 180. Skull: basal length, 169; Hensel, 167; zygomatic width, 99; palatal length, 90; mastoid breadth, 57; crown of upper sec- torial, 20.5.
CANIS. 467
468. vigilis (Canis), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xi, 1897, p. 33. COLIMA COYOTE.
Type locality. Manzanillo, State of Colima, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Colima, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Similar to C. peninsula ; darker.
Color. Upper parts mixed buffy ochraceous and black; nose rufous; top of head fulvous and black; under parts pale fulvous; legs and feet fulvous mixed with black on hind leg; tail similar to that of the other forms, above like back, beneath basally whitish, rest fulvous.
Measurements. Total length, 1155; tail vertebrae, 335; hind foot, 190. Skull: basal length, 166; Hensel, 163; zygomatic breadth, 87; palatal length, 85 ; mastoid breadth, 59 ; crown of upper sectorial, 17.5.
469. clepticus (Canis), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., in, 1903, p.
225. Zoology. THIEVISH COYOTE.
Type locality. Vallecitos, San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California, Mexico; 9,000 feet elevation.
Genl. Char. Summer pelage reddish; size small. Skull short, broad; braincase and across postorbital processes wide, the latter long; nasals rather short, narrow; rostrum narrow; pterygoid fossa broad, long; outline of bullse on basioccipital not approaching pos- teriorly; palate wide between molars; occipital crest prominent; teeth small, weak; tail short, bushy.
Color. September. Nose cinnamon rufous; cheeks mixed gray and black; upper lip, chin, and between jaws grizzled grayish white; top of head grizzled black, gray, and fulvous; back of ears, occiput, and back of neck deep buffy ochraceous, uniform; rest of upper parts tawny, or tawny ochraceous with numerous white-tipped hairs inter- mingled ; lower part of throat white ; sides of neck and collar beneath throat buff; chest, abdomen, and inner sides of thighs near body white; rest of under parts grizzled grayish buff and black; shoulders pale buffy ochraceous; fore and hind legs rich fulvous; feet paler, whitish on toes at base of claws; tail tawny ochraceous, white at base beneath; inner side and edge of ears white; new hairs of the winter pelage black with white tips.
August examples in greatly worn pelage are darker, tawny, with a great many white-tipped long blackish brown hairs intermingled with the rest, probably the remains of the winter coat.
Measurements. Type female. Total length, 1030; tail vertebras, 275; hind foot, 173; ear, no. Skull: total length, 169 (173); occipito- nasal length, 147 (163); Hensel, 149 (153); zygomatic width, 94 (95);
468 CANIS.
interorbital constriction, 29 (30.5); width of braincase above zygo- mata, 59 (60); across postorbital processes, 46 (46.5); median length of nasals, 53 (60); lateral length of nasals, 63 (67); width of rostrum above last premolar, 27 (25); palatal length, 81 (82); width of palate at posterior ends of carnassials, 42 (40); between last molars, 29.5 (27); palatal arch to end of hamular process of pterygoid, 30 (31.5); width of basi-sphenoid at anterior margin of bullae, 15 (15.5); width of basi-occipital at posterior margin of bullse, 14 (15); length of upper carnassial, outer alveolar border, 10 (16); length from anterior edge of canine to posterior margin of last molar, alveolar border, 71 (75); alveolar length of upper molar series, 29.5 (33); postero-antero width of last molar, 5 (6) ; length of last molar, 9 (10.5) ; length of mandible, angle to alveolus of outer incisor, 121 (123); height at condyle, 24 (23.5); at coronoid process, 47 (50); alveolar length of lower carnas- sial, 12 (19); length of lower molar series, 36 (42); anterior margin of canine to posterior margin of last molar, alveolar border, 77 (83.5).
The numbers in parentheses are the measurements of a skull of a male.
470. mearnsi (Cams), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xi, 1897, p. 30.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 302. MEARNS' COYOTE.
Type locality. Quitobaquita, Pima County, Arizona.
Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, to southern Arizona.
Genl. Char. Size small; color bright; skull and teeth small.
Color. Forehead grizzled gray and fulvous; top of head, nape, and ears light fulvous; muzzle cinnamon rufous; rest of upper parts buffy ochraceous mixed with black; under parts white; belly tinged with buffy ochraceous; throat buffy, hairs tipped with black; fore and hind legs and feet bright orange fulvous all around; upper side of fore legs with black mixture; tail beneath pale fulvous, whitish at base ; remainder with black-tipped hairs ; tip of tail black.
Measurements. Total length, noo; tail vertebrae, 330; hind foot, 180. Skull: basal length, 163; Hensel, 160; zygomatic breadth, 83; palatal length, 88 ; mastoid breadth, 56.5 ; crown of upper sectorial, 19.
471. impavidus (Canis), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1903,
p. 609. BOLD COYOTE.
Type locality. Rio del Bocas, State of Durango, Mexico. Alti- tude, 7,000 feet.
Genl. Char. "Similar in coloration to C. cagottis, but much larger, and the upper carnassial with a prominent protocone; in size and dental characters similar to C. mearnsi, but much paler, the
CANIS. 469
throat and ventral region only slightly suffused with pale fulvous instead of buffy ochraceous, and fore and hind legs and feet not bright orange fulvous all around, but fore legs posteriorly, and hind legs and feet anteriorly pale fulvous or pale yellowish white, as in cagottis."
Measurements. "Type, total length, 1143; head and body, 838; tail vertebrae, 305; hind foot, 178. Skull: total length, 190; Hensel, 163; palatal length, 89; zygomatic breadth, 93; mastoid breadth, 59; length of crown of upper carnassial, 19.3." (Allen, 1. c.)
472. microdon (Canis}, Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xi, 1897, p. 29. TAMAULIPAS COYOTE.
Type locality. Mier, on the Rio Grande, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Tamaulipas, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Size small; colors dark.
Color. Upper parts buffy ochraceous and black; nose rufous; ears fulvous; crown grayish ochraceous; under parts whitish; middle of belly buffy and black; legs and feet fulvous, whitish on inner side of legs; tail above like back, beneath whitish at base, rest pale ful- vous, with black-tipped hairs.
Measurements. Total length, 1070; tail vertebras, 320; hind foot, 186. Skull: basal length, 161; Hensel, 158; zygomatic breadth, 93.5; palatal length, 84; mastoid breadth, 57 ; crown of upper sectorial, 16.5.
473. estor (Canis), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xi, 1897, p. 31. NOLAND'S RANCH COYOTE.
Type locality. Noland's Ranch, San Juan River, San Juan County, Utah.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, north to the deserts of eastern California, Nevada, and Utah.
Genl. Char. Size small ; color pale ; carnassial and molar teeth small.
Color. Muzzle pale fulvous; top of head gray and buff; ears and nape ochraceous buff; upper parts buffy mixed with black; under parts whitish ; ruff conspicuously black-tipped ; outer side of fore legs bright buff, pale on inner side and on fore feet ; outer side of hind legs and feet buffy ochraceous ; inner side of hind leg and upper surface of hind foot white; under side of tail ochraceous, white basally, hairs of distal half tipped with black; tip of tail black.
Measurements. Total length, 1052; tail vertebras, 300; hind foot, 179. Skull: basal length, 159; Hensel, 155; zygomatic breadth, 89; mastoid breadth, 57; palatal length, 84; upper sectorial, crown, 17.2.
474. ochropus (Canis}, Eschsch., Zool. Atlas, in, 1829, pp. 1-2, pi. n.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p, 303.
470
CANIS.
OCHRACEOUS-FOOTED COYOTE.
Type locality. California. Typical style from Tracy, San Joa- quin County, California.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, to San Joaquin Valley, California.
Genl. Char. Similar to C. latrans, but smaller, darker, and more highly colored; ears larger, skull and teeth smaller.
Color. Muzzle grizzled cinnamon rufous; top of head grayish fulvous; rest of upper parts buffy ochraceous mixed with black; under parts whitish; belly tinged with buff; ruff grizzled, hairs tipped with black, sometimes going on the breast, as in C. estor and C. mearnsi ; fore and hind legs and feet fulvous all round, paler on inner side, and very deep on outer side of hind leg; upper side of fore leg strongly marked with black ; outer side of thighs with black-tipped hairs ; tail beneath pale fulvous, white basally, tipped and edged with black; on terminal third of under side the hairs are black-tipped; extreme tip often white.
Measurements. Total length, mo; tail vertebrae, 295; hind foot, 1 80. Skull: basal length, 177; Hensel, 174; zygomatic breadth, 94; palatal length, 98; mastoid breadth, 62; crown of upper sectorial, 19.
FIG. LXII. CANIS MEXICANUS. MEXICAN TIMBER WOLF.
CANIS. VULPES. 471
475. mexicanus (Canis), Linn., Syst. Nat., I, 1766, p. 60. MEXICAN TIMBER WOLF. Lobo in Spanish America.
Type locality. Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. States of Sonora and Chihuahua, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Size large; tail longer than half the body without head ; prevailing hues clouded yellow, white, and black.
Color. Nose buff on sides, grizzled on top; face and chin mixed black and white; sides of face gray; back black; hind part of neck grayish white; sides and under parts buffy white; throat and under parts of neck dark gray and white in patches ; outer side of limbs rich buff, inner side white; tail above mixed black and white, beneath white, tip black; feet pale yellowish white; ears deep buff, the tips grizzled black and buff.
Measurements. Total length, 1580; tail to end of hairs, 470 (skin). Skull: occipito-nasal length, 226; Hensel, 213.5; zygomatic breadth, 126.5; mastoid breadth, 74.5; median length of nasals, 73; from alveolus of incisor to palatal arch, 119; postpalatal length, 95; crown of upper sectorial, 26.5; length of lower jaw, 183; height at coronoid process, 72; length of lower sectorial, crown, 29.
Foxes, with their pointed noses and long bushy tails, are familiar animals to most persons. The very shape of the head gives these creatures that aspect of cunning and sagacity for which they are eminently noted. Foxes are fond of solitude, and live alone in a burrow which each individual has dug for himself or appropriated by force from some other animal, the sufferer being frequently the badger. Sometimes a family may inhabit a single burrow, the dog Fox remaining with the mother after the cubs are born, and woe to the occupants of the hen coops in their vicinity while they remain in residence. Two genera of Foxes are recognized in North America, Urocyon and Vulpes, distinguished by the presence or absence of a hidden stiff -haired mane in the tail, and by some cranial characters.
88. Vulpes.
T 3-3. piZl- p4i2». M?n?_ .0 S-3' Ui-i' *Vv M-2-2-40.
Vulpes *Briss. Reg. Anim., 1758, p. 239. Type Canis vulpes Linnaeus. Frisch. Natur. Syst. vierfiiss. Thiere, in Tab., Gen.
1775- Leucocyon Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1868, p. 521.
*Should Brisson not be an authority for genera, then Frisch takes prece- dence for Vulpes.
472 VULPES.
Body rather short ; legs short ; tail long, more than half the length of the body; fur soft, hair long; muzzle elongate, tapering; ears mod- erate, erect; nasals not extending back to maxillae; postorbital processes concave above; temporal crests nearly in contact.
FIG. 86. VULPES MACROTIS. No. 15843 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. % nat. size
476. macrotis (Vulpes), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., iv, 1888,
p. 136. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm.,i9oi, p. 306. BIG-EARED KIT Fox.
Type locality. Riverside, San Bernardino County, California.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California and States of Chihuahua and Sonora, Mexico, into southern California.
VULPES.
473
Genl. Char. Size small; ears long, broad; muzzle, legs, and tail long and slender.
Color. Above grizzled gray, darkest on back; sides, pectoral band, and upper parts of limbs pale fulvous; chin and throat white; under parts mixed white and buff; tail like back, terminal fourth black; ear pale fulvous and iron gray, the margin white.
FIG. LXIII. Vi
LS MACROTIS. BlG-EARED KIT FOX.
Measurements. Total length, 850; tail vertebrae, 290; hind foot, no; ear from crown, 68. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 103; greatest zygomatic breadth, 58.2; mastoid breadth, 38.7; interorbital con- striction, 19.8; across postorbital processes, 26.3; palatal length, 55.7; length of nasals, 40; length of upper tooth row, 51.7 ; length of lower jaw, 83.8; height at coronoid process, 27; length of lower tooth row, 57.8.
The Gray Foxes, included in the present genus, are represented in North America by a number of species and races varying considerably in size, the smallest not being more than half that of the well-known eastern Gray Fox. They are very handsome animals, but not pos- sessed of the cunning equal to that of the Red Fox, and in the struggle for existence seem, in their diminishing numbers, to be giving way to their more fit relative.
474 UROCYON.
89. Urocyoii.
Urocyon Baird, Mamm. N. Am., 1857, p. 121. Type Canis cinereo- argenteus Schreber.
"Tail with a concealed mane of stiff hairs, without any soft fur intermixed; muzzle short; temporal crests widely separated; upper incisors scarcely lobed; postorbital processes bent but little down-
FIG. 87. UROCYON CINEREO-ARGENTEUS FRATERCULUS.
No. 1160 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. % nat. size.
ward, the anterior edge turned up; a longitudinal shallow pit at its base; supplementary tubercle on the lower sectorial; the under jaw with an angular emargination below," (Baird, 1. c.)
UROCYON. 475
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES.
A. Size small.
a. Tail nearly one-half the length of head and
body. PAGE
a/ Bullae small U. c. guatemala 475
b.' Bullae large U. c. fraterculus 475
b. Tail nearly one-third length of head and
body U. c. parvidens 476
B. Size large.
a. Sides of neck, base of ears, and limbs cinna- mon rufous U. c. californicus 477
b. Paler; ears and tail longer U. c. scotti 477
c. Sides of neck, base of ears, and limbs ochra-
ceous U. c. texensis 478
cinereo-argenteus guatemalce (Urocyori), Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Scien. Phil., 1899, p. 278. GUATEMALAN GRAY Fox.
Type locality. Nenton, Guatemala.
Geogr. Distr. Humid tropical region of Guatemala, and State of Chiapas, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to U. c. littoralis Baird, but darker.
Color. Above gray, lower fur creamy buff; sides more buffy; middle of belly and between hind legs white, remainder ochraceous buff; top of head tawny; back of ear tawny ochraceous, this hue extending to front leg but suffused with gray; ear ochraceous, distal half interspersed with dusky; cheek and throat white; feet dark griz- zled grayish; outer side of hind leg ochraceous, inner side white; tail gray and black, with black dorsal band and tip, beneath ochraceous.
Measurements. Total length, 830; tail vertebras, 327; hind foot, 128. Skull: greatest length, in; basal length, 101; palatal length, 51.4; nasals, 33; zygomatic breadth, 60; interorbital breadth, 21.4; mastoid breadth, 40; upper tooth row, 46; mandible, 81 ; lower tooth row, 51.
einereo-argenteus fraterculus (Urocyon), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb.
Mus., i, 1896, p. 80. LITTLE GRAY Fox.
Type locality. San Felipe, Yucatan, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Yucatan, Tehuantepec; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Size small; colors dark.
Color. Top of head silvery gray, darkest on median line; super- ciliary stripe grayish white ; back of head and neck gray washed with fulvous; upper parts dark gray, lower back black sprinkled with gray;
476
UROCYON.
FIG. LXIV. UROCYON c. FRATERCULUS.
ears at base dark fulvous, rest to tips brownish gray; sides of neck and pectoral band fulvous; chin black; rest of under parts buffy white except neck in front, which is pure white; legs on outer sides dark fulvous; buff on inner sides, with a whitish line inside thighs; tail silvery gray, with a brownish black line down the center and a rufous one beneath, tip black.
Measurements. Total length, 750; tail to end of hairs, 343; hind foot, 95; ear, 50. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 91; Hensel, 90.5; zygomatic width, 53; interorbital constriction, 19; palatal length, 38; postpalatal length, 43; length of upper sectorial, alveolus, 10; length of lower jaw, 73; height at coronoid process, 26.
cinereo-arjSenteus parvidens (Urocyori), Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Scien. Phil., 1899, p. 276. SMALL-TOOTHED Fox.
Type locality. Merida, Yucatan /.Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Yucatan, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Like U. c. fraterculus, but with smaller teeth and shorter tail.
Color. Above gray, tinged with buff, darkest on dorsal line; sides more buffy; cheeks, sides of nose, throat, middle of under parts
UROCYON. 477
and inner sides of thighs white; outer sides of legs ochraceous buff; feet buffy white; ears ochraceous buff, inner surface buffy white; tail gray with a black dorsal stripe and tip, beneath buffy.
Measurements. Total length, 720; tail vertebrae, 240; hind foot, 95. Skull: greatest length, 102; basal length, 94.4; zygomatic width, 53; interorbital breadth, 20.4; width of postorbital processes, 30.4; mastoid breadth, 36.4; median palatal length, 47; median length of nasals, 30; length of upper tooth row, 41; length of mandible, 74; length of lower tooth row, 46.
cinereo-argenteus califomicus (Urocyon), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1897, p. 459. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 308. CALIFORNIA GRAY Fox.
Type locality. San Jacinto Mountains, Riverside County, Cali- fornia. Altitude, 8,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, to Washington.
Genl. Char. Similar to U. cinereo-argenteus , with larger ears and grayer, less fulvous coloring.
Color. Like U. cinereo-argenteus, with the color of the back about the same, but the coloration as a whole is paler, and the Cali- fornia animal lacks the black down the fore legs.
Measurements. Total length, 890; tail vertebras, 330; hind foot, 120; ear from crown, 85. (Mearns, 1. c.) Skull : occipito-nasal length, 117; total length, 127; Hensel, 115; zygomatic width, 69; postorbital constriction, 26; across orbital processes, 37; median length of nasals, 41; palatal length, 60; postpalatal length, 55; length of upper molar series, alveolar border, 42; length of mandible, angle to symphysis, 94.5; length of lower molar series, alveolar border, 48.
cinereo-argenteus scotti Mearns, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1891,
p. 236. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 308. SCOTT'S GRAY Fox. Zorro in Mexico, Tigrillo in Costa Rica.
Type locality. Final County, Arizona.
Geogr. Distr. Southern California, Arizona, New Mexico, and northern Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to U. cinereo-argenteus, but ears and tail are longer, and colors usually paler.
Color. Hoary gray, sometimes a median black line from head to base of tail; sides paler; lower jaw and sides of muzzle black, except white spot near tip; lower sides of cheeks, throat, patch on breast, and one on belly white; sides of neck and hinder surface of legs yellowish fulvous; tail gray with a narrow black stripe above, and beneath yellowish fulvous.
478 UROCYON.
Measurements. Total length, 985; tail vertebrae, 405; hind leg from knee joint, 240. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 113; Hensel, 103; zygomatic width, 68; palatal length, 57; postpalatal length, 55.5; length of upper sectorial, alveolus, 9; length of mandible, 92; height at coronoid process, 44; length of lower sectorial, alveolus, n.
cinereo-argenteus texensis (Urocyori), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1897, p. 459. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 308. TEXAN GRAY Fox.
Type locality. San Pedro, near Eagle Pass, Maverick County, Texas.
Geogr. Distr. Northern Mexico on boundary line into Texas.
Genl. Char. Similar to U. cinereo-argenteus, but ochraceous in color where the typical form is cinnamon rufous.
Color. Markings of the limbs, sides of neck, and base of ears, which are chestnut or cinnamon rufous in the typical form, are ochraceous. (Mearns, 1. c.)
Measurements. Height of ear above crown, 80; hind foot, 128; tail vertebras, 350.
With the Bears begins the second division of the Garni vora, the Plantigrades, or those that walk on the sole of the foot. In a degree these animals are terrestrial and semi-aquatic, the Polar Bear proba- bly passing the major portion of its life in the water. They are among the largest of quadrupeds in bulk, and although the species are comparatively few, they are found over a large portion of the World. They are omnivorous, nothing seeming to go amiss with their voracious appetite, from the diminutive ant to the bullock. All kinds of roots, grasses, and other vegetable foods are eaten by them, and if the nest of the honey-bee can be discovered, these beasts consider themselves in great luck, and greedily devour the sweet store of which they are extremely fond, bearing the numerous stings received from the angry insects with fortitude, although their mani- festations of disgust and rage at the punishment received may be many and violent. Beside the Polar Bear in the Arctic region, there are in North America, the Alaskan Brown Bear, the Grizzly, the Cinnamon or Black Bears, and the Glacier Bear, with sundry races of these of more or less questionable distinctive value. Within the limits of territory comprised in this work, two of the Bears above men- tioned are found, the Black or Cinnamon, and the Grizzly, and these are separated from their relatives of the more northern portion of the continent on account of some variation in the skulls. Wherever found, the habits of North American Bears are practically the same,
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM.
PLATE XLVII, ZOOLOGY.
URSUS HORRIXEUS. No. 9864 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. 1A nat. size.
URSIDJE. URSINJE. URSUS. 479
and from spring to late autumn they constantly roam the woods and open places searching for food. Some Grizzlies are said to reach a weight of 1,000 to 1,200 pounds, but such enormous beasts are rare, the majority being very much smaller. It is not very unusual, how- ever, to find one of these animals that will measure eight feet, and even more, when standing erect upon its hind legs. In Mexico Bears are found in the mountain ranges, sometimes at high altitudes.
Fam. IV. Ursidee. Bears.
True molars with broad, flat tubercular crowns; fourth upper premolars with no inner root; bullae scarcely inflated; soles naked; feet plantigrade.
Subfam. I. Ursinse. 9O. Ursus.
T 3—3. p lnJ. p 4=4- M — — X-3-3' Ui-i' *VV M'3-3-42'
C. H. Merriam. Preliminary Synopsis of the American Bears, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1896, p. 65.
Ursus Linn., Syst. Nat., i, 1758, p. 47; i, 1766, p. 69. Type Ursus arctus Linnaeus.
Thalassarctos! Gray, Ann. of Phil., 1825, xxvi, p. 339.
Danis Gray, Ann. of Phil., xxvi, 1825, pp. 60, 339.
Thalarctos! Gray, Ann. of Phil., xxvi, 1825, p. 62.
Euarctos! Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1864, p. 692.
Size large; body heavy, bulky; three upper and under anterior molars are very small and with but a single root, and are frequently deciduous; fourth upper premolar lacks inner tubercle supported by a separate root; fourth premolar larger than those before it, that in upper jaw has three roots, the one in the lower two; skull elongate; feet broad; toes armed with long, somewhat curved, non-retractile claws; palms and soles naked; tail exceedingly short; ears erect, rather short, hairy.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
PAGE
A. Front claws longer than hinder; fur shaggy. . . . U. horrioeus 480
B. Front claws short, not longer than hinder; fur
uniform, smooth U. machetes 481
A. Danis.
"Fur shaggy; front claws longer than the hinder, broadly de- pressed, whitish; palate narrow and contracted behind; ears small; hind foot elongate."
480
URSUS.
FIG. LXV. URSUS HORRI/EUS. MEXICAN GRIZZLY BEAR.
477. horriaeus (Ursus), Baird, Mex. Bound. Surv., Mamm., n, 1859,
p. 24. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 312. MEXICAN GRIZZLY BEAR.
Type locality. Los Nogales, State of Sonora, Mexico, near border of Pima County, Arizona.
Geogr. Distr. States of Chihuahua and Sonora, Mexico, north to Colorado, Utah, and southern California.
Genl. Char. Size large; frontal region highest between post- orbital processes; sagittal crest prominent; skull long, narrow.
Color. Variable as in northern grizzlies; general hue dark. A large specimen from Casas Grandes, Sierra Madre, State of Chihuahua, Mexico, has head and back mixed dark brown, black, and yellowish gray, and with a jet black patch between the shoulders; rump, legs, and sides black; chest and under parts dark brown; nails brownish white.
Measurements. Skull of the Casas Grandes specimen. Occipito- nasal length, 310; Hensel, 312; greatest length, 368; zygomatic breadth, 197.5; width across postorbital processes, 108; length of nasals, 86; width anteriorly, 37 ; mastoid breadth, 146; palatal length, 137; anterior margin of foramen magnum to palatal arch, 146; length
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM.
PLATE XLVIII, ZOOLOGY.
LJRSUS MACHETES.
No. 436 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. % nat. size. Face view % nat. size.
II
•a H
'At *>
URSUS. 481
of upper tooth row, 74; length of molar, 34; length of lower jaw, 229; of lower tooth row, 79.
B. Euarctus.
"Fur uniform throughout, either black, brownish, or cinnamon; hair darkest towards tips; nose brown; feet moderate; fore claws not twice as long as the hinder."
478. machetes (Ursus), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., in, 1903,
p. 235. Zoology. FIGHTING BEAR.
Type locality. Casas Grandes, Sierra Madre, State of Chihuahua, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Northern Mexico.
Genl. Char. Color, cinnamon or black. Skull long, frontals broad, raised above level of face; nasals very broad, posterior ends on a line with ends of maxillae; superior outline convex, highest just behind postorbital processes, and declining gradually anteriorly, sharply posteriorly; occipital crest prominent, extending forward to coronal suture; zygomatic arches very wide; basioccipital and basi- sphenoid wide; pterygoid fossa equal in width throughout its length, broad and rounded anteriorly; mandible heavy, deep beneath last molar; coronoid process very broad, and rounded on top without hook over posterior margin ; upper and lower molars much worn, the larger one quite smooth, so that their characteristics are absent.
Color. Black with tan nose, or all cinnamon.
Measurements. Skull: total length, 315; occipito-nasal length, 282; Hensel, 267; zygomatic width, 196; interorbital width, 75; across postorbital processes, 103; mastoid width, 132; posterior width of basioccipital, 39; length of pterygoid fossa, 49; palatal length, 145; length of nasals, 75 ; anterior width of nasals, 30; width at mid-length of nasals, 26; anterior edge of canine to posterior edge of last molar, alveolar border, 99; length of last molar, crown, 24; width, 19; width of palate at anterior edge of last molar, 53; between canines at pos- terior edge, 46; breadth of muzzle at outer side of canines, 66; length of mandible, angle to symphysis on top, 212; height at condyle, 36; at coronoid process from angle, 89 ; breadth of coronoid process above condyle, 62; length of condyle, 65; length of lower molar series, alveolar border, 58.
The Raccoon family includes the various forms of "Coons" (the animals so familiar to all the inhabitants of North America), such as the well-known Coati-mondis of South America (one species ranging
482 PROCYONID*. PROCYONIN/E. BASSARISCUS.
north into Mexico), the less familiar Cacamistl or Raccoon-foxes of the Pacific coast, and the Pottos or Kinkajous. All these are arboreal in their habits, for although they are very much at home upon the ground, they pass the larger portion of their time amid the branches, and make their nests, and bring forth their young in a hollow portion of a tree. The PROCYONID^E is not a large family, containing, at pres- ent, only a little over twenty-five species and races, of which about ten belong to the Raccoons and their allies, six to the Coatis, four to the Raccoon-foxes, and nine to the Kinkajous. They are all long-tailed animals, the majority having this member annulated in colors of strong contrast.
Fam. V. Procyonidse. Raccoons, Coatis, Kinkajous, etc.
Head broad behind, tapering rapidly forward to a narrow muzzle, which is sometimes elongate; ears moderate; feet plantigrade; soles naked, skin papillose; toes free, capable of being widely spread; claws curved, acute, non-retractile; tail moderately long, semi- bushy, generally annulated ; body rather stout ; legs moderately long.
Subfam. Procyoninse. American species have the alisphenoid canal wanting in the skull.
The handsome animals belonging to the first genus of the Family are found in the United States on the Pacific Coast from Oregon to Mexico, and also in various parts of the latter country, and are remarkable for the beauty of their tails, which are bushy and broadly ringed in black and white. In their structure the Raccoon-foxes are apparently allied to several families, and they have been assigned to various ones by different systematists, but now are generally placed with Raccoons and other members of the Procyonidce. They live on small birds and mammals, insects, etc., make a moss-lined nest in the hollow of some tree, and have four young. The Raccoon-fox is easily tamed, and makes a pleasing pet, and as it is a good ratter, will soon clear a house of rats and mice. In appearance, with its short head, pointed muzzle, and projecting ears, it resembles the Fox, and in the loose pelage and ringed tail, the Raccoon.
91. Bassariscus. Cacamistl. Raccoon-foxes.
Bassariscus Coues, Science, 1887, p. 516. Type Bassaris astuta Lichtenstien.
BASSARISCUS. 483
Bassaris (Licht.), Wagl., Isis, 1831, p. 512. (nee Hubner.) Wagneria Jentink, Notes Leyd. Mus., 1886, p. 127, pis. iv, v.
FIG. 88. BASSARISCUS ASTUTUS.
No. 5503 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Nat. size.
484
BASSARISCUS.
Head short, muzzle pointed, ears large; body slender, elongate; pads naked, soles hairy; tail long as body, annulate.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Size large.
a. Upper parts yellowish brown and gray; be- PAGE neath white B. astutus 484
b. Upper parts blackish tawny B. a. flavus 485
c. Upper parts mixed dark brown and black;
beneath buffy ochraceous B. saxicola 485
d. Upper parts smoky gray, lined with black;
feet fawn gray B. s. notinus 485
e. Upper parts dark gray, hairs tipped with
black; feet whitish B. albipes 486
B. Size small; above mixed black and golden
brown; beneath yellowish white B. annulatus 487
FIG. LXVI. BASSARISCUS ASTUTUS. COMMON RACCOON-FOX.
479. astutus (Bassaris), Licht., Wagler, Isis, 1831, p. 513. Elliot,
Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 316. COMMON RACCOON-FOX. Cacamistl in Mexico. Cat Squirrel in Texas.
BASSARISCUS. 485
Type locality. Southern Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Mexico north to California.
Genl. Char. Body slender, elongate; muzzle pointed; tail long, bushy; claws half retractile. Skull long, slender; postorbital process of frontal bone short; upper sectorial with inner cusp much devel- oped; anterior cusp of lower sectorial shortest.
Color. Above yellowish brown and gray mixed, below white; legs and feet like the body; tail white, with six or eight alternate black rings.
Measurements. Total length, about 720; tail to end of hairs, 360. Skull: occiput to incisors, 79; Hensel, 69; zygomatic width, 47; mas- toid width, 35; occipito-sphenoid length, 35; interorbital constric- tion, 21.
a. — flavus (Bassariscus}, Rhodes, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1893,
p. 417. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 316. TAWNY RACCOON-FOX.
Type locality. Texas.
Geogr. Distr. Northern Mexico near boundary line, into Texas.
Genl. Char. Smaller than B. astutus; tail shorter than body, often entirely encircled by the black rings.
Color. Above blackish tawny, darkest on median line; sides yellowish; beneath tawny, lightest on throat and neck; tawny spots above and below eyes and at ear.
Measurements. Total length, 680-800; tail, 304-380; hind foot, 55-60. Skull: total length, 80; greatest breadth, 50; interorbital constriction, 20; tip to tip of postorbital processes, 30.
480. saxicola (Bassariscus) , Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xi, 1897,
p. 185. ESPIRITO SANTO RACCOON-FOX.
Type locality. Esperito Santo Island, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality.
Genl. Char. Similar to B. a. flavus, but smaller.
Color. Above mixed drab brown and black; under parts pale buffy ochraceous; dark patch between eyes and nose, and a large one between eye and ear; tail with eight or nine black rings not meeting beneath ; eight white triangles on under side.
Measurements. Total length, 737 ; tail vertebrae, 370 ; hind foot, 60.
sumichrasti notinus (Bassariscus) , Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
7th Ser., xi, 1903, p. 379. BOQUETE RACCOON-FOX.
Type locality. Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, 6,000 feet.
486 BASSARISCUS.
Genl. Char. Teeth small; carnassial very small, internal lobe simple, supplementary cusps in middle of internal borders absent.
Color. General color smoke gray, lined with black; muzzle and orbital ring brown; dark line between eyes on forehead; cheeks and patch between eyes white; under parts dull buffy white, mixed with gray; upper surface of feet grizzled fawn gray, nearly black on the digits ; tail with ten black rings alternating with white ones ; tip black ; ears brown on basal halves, apical halves paler, becoming white on the edges.
Measurements. Total length, 853; tail, 396; hind foot and claws, 89; ear, 45. Skull: greatest length, 87.3; basal length, 77; zygomatic breadth, 56; nasals, 16.6x6.5; interorbital constriction, 18; breadth of braincase, 35; palate length, 38; greatest diameter of fourth upper premolar, 7.5; of first upper molar, 8.5; of second upper premolar, 6; of first lower molar, 7.6; of second lower molar, 6.7.
481. albipes (Bassariscus), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., in,
1903, p. 258. Zoology. WHITE-FOOTED RACCOON-FOX.
Type locality. Near Vera Cruz, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size large, color dark, feet white. Skull long, nar- row, nasals pointed posteriorly (rounded in B. astutus and B. a. raptor), and considerably depressed in the middle, causing the out- line to be concave, as the posterior portion ascends to the f rentals; the braincase is rather narrow for its length, and does not widen posteriorly to an equal extent as that of B. astutus; the pterygoid fossa is long and rather broad, and the processes of the pterygoids are thickened and heavy, very different from the slender processes of the species compared; infraorbital foramina very large and triangular in shape; palate anteriorly much broader for its length than either of the other forms; postorbital processes short.
Color. Upper parts very dark gray, the hairs being yellowish at base and tipped with black, the dark color predominating to such an extent on the dorsal region that this part seems in certain lights all black; sides of neck and body slightly paler; top of head nearly black like the back, mixed slightly with white and buff hairs; above the eye for the posterior three-fourths is a buff spot connecting pos- teriorly with a buff stripe that runs under the eye to the nose; black band in front of eye ; end of nose blackish brown ; muzzle black ; upper lip buff; chin and throat buff; rest of under parts yellowish white; shoulders like back ; upper parts of fore and hind legs brownish gray ; fore feet white or very pale yellowish white, this hue extending up the outside to beyond wrist ; under side of legs yellowish white ; hind
BASSARISCUS. BASSARICYON. 487
feet with terminal part and toes whitish; tail very long with alter- nating white and black rings and tip black; the black rings much broader than the white and not meeting beneath; ears, basal half black, remainder white; whiskers very long, jet black.
Measurements. Total length, 870; tail, 425; hind foot, 80. Skull: total length, 89; occipito-nasal length, 80; Hensel, 80; zygomatic width, 53; interorbital constriction, 17; postorbital constriction, 18; width across postorbital processes, 25.5; greatest width of braincase, 36; length of nasals, 20.5; mastoid width, 36; length of pterygoid fossa, 1 8 ; palatal length, 37.5 ; width of palate between last molars, 1 2 ; between canines, 10.5; length of upper tooth row from anterior edge of canine, alveolar border, 34; length of canine, n; length of man- dible, 55; height of coronoid process, 23; at angle, 9; length of lower molars series, alveolar border, 27 ; from anterior edge of canine, 34.
482. annulatus (Paradoxurus}, Wagn., Schreb. Siiugeth., Suppl., n,
1841, p. 353. stimichrasti Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zool., 2me S6r., 1860, p. 7, pi. i.
True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1884, p. 608. variabilis Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Ak. Wiss. Berl., 1874, p.
704, pis. i, n.
monticola Cordero, La Nature, in, 1875, p. 269. SOUTHERN RACCOON-FOX. Tepachiche del Cofre de Perote, Caco-
mistl de Monte in Mexico. Muyus in Guatemala. Type locality. Unknown. Geogr. Distr. Mexico to Costa Rica.
Genl. Char. Tail long, bushy, ringed; ears densely covered with hair.
Color. Above mixed black and golden brown, with grayish white hairs intermingled; nose and stripe to eye black, mixed with gray on nose; rest of head mixed black and yellow; under parts yel- lowish white; ears black externally, yellowish internally, edge red- dish; tail reddish yellow, with nine to ten black rings, tip black. Measurements. Total length, 420; tail, 190.
92. Bassaricyoii.
T 3— 3. pi"1. pfc3. \f 3—3 _ , n 1-F3' UM; *S-3' M-3-3-4°'
Bassaricyon Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1876, p. 20. Type Bassaricyon gabbi Allen.
Skull : Superior outline much curved, the anterior slope being very marked; braincase wide, large; temporal ridges separated; post- orbital processes long, broad at base, pointed, the tips inclined back-
488
BASSARICYON.
ward; auditory bullae inflated posteriorly, depressed anteriorly, con- verging posteriorly; interpterygoid fossa broad and rather short,
FIG. 89. BASSARICYON GABBI. No. 14714 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Type. Nat. size.
BASSARICYON. 489
widest posteriorly; palate flat, long, and broad, with an azygos process in center of the arch ; paroccipital and mastoid processes only slightly developed; molar depressed and expanded outwardly, form- ing a triangular plane beneath the orbit; zygomata widely expanded, the outer border nearly on a line with the skull's axis; nasals broad, rather short ; mandible is nearly straight on inferior outline ; coronoid process with the anterior border straight, its apex pointed; teeth similar to those of Procyon, but the canines are smaller, and the molars shorter; the last upper molar being subtriangular, with rounded inner and posterior outer angles.
483. gabbi (Bassaricyon}, Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1876,
p. 20, pi. i. GABB'S COON.
Type locality. Costa Rica.
Genl. Char. Those of the genus.
Color. Unknown.
Measurements. Skull: total length, 77.5; greatest width, 48.7; at mastoid processes, 33.2; interorbital width, 15; basal length, 73.7; length of upper molar series, 23 ; of lower molar series, 23.7 ; length of mandible, 55.
The animals contained in the next genus are so well known that they can be dismissed in a few words. The common species, P. lotor, is the type, and is a rather clumsy creature, stoutly built and slow of movement, with a thick, coarse coat of moderately long hair. It is omnivorous, feeds upon everything it can masticate, is strictly noc- turnal, and is fond of resorting to the banks of lakes and streams. It is a good swimmer and expert fisher, and secures its finny prey by snatching it out of the shallows. The Raccoon hibernates in the hollow of a tree trunk or of some dead limb, where it passes the severest winter months, and the young are born in the spring, usually four or six in number. Coons are cleanly in their habits, and wash everything before eating, even shell-fish being so treated. It is a very cunning animal, and employs considerable strategy when escaping from its enemies, and is also most inquisitive, and exceed- ingly restless at all times except when asleep. There are several varieties, more or less closely resembling the type, and one species with shorter fur and a more slender body lives principally upon crabs, and derives its trivial name from those crustaceans.
490 PROCYON.
9.3. Procyoii. Raccoons.
Procyon Storr, Prodr. Meth., Mamm., 1780, p. 35, Tab. A. Type
Ursus lotor Linnaeus. Lotor Cuv. & Geoff., Mag. Encyclop., 1795, No. vi, Oken. Lehrb.
Naturg., 3ter Theil, 2te Abth., 1816, p. 1080. Euprocyon Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1864, p. 705. Body stout; tail moderately long, semi-bushy, annulated; ears short, hairy; soles naked; muzzle acuminate.
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES. A. Tail bushy, short, ringed with black.
a. Size small; hind foot less than four inches in
length; teeth small. PAGE
a/ Shoulder patch normal in color ........... P. pygmaus 490
b/ Shoulder patch covered with black hairs. .P. maynardi 490
b. Size large; hind foot over four inches in length.
a/ Fur long; teeth moderately large.
a." Pterygoids tapering anteriorly to a thin
point ............................ P.I. hernandezi 491
b." Pterygoids truncate anteriorly ........ P.I. insularis 492
b/ Fur short; teeth large, powerful (Eupro-
cyon} ................................ P. cancrivorus 492
484. pygmaeus (Procyon'), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xiv, 1901,
p. 101. LITTLE RACCOON.
Type locality. Island of Cozumel, Yucatan, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. I. hernandezi, but much smaller.
Color. Above mixed black and gray, with a yellowish tinge on median line; transverse black bar across face, succeeded above by a whitish one with a median dusky line; chin, lips, and sides of throat whitish; dusky band across throat; under parts grizzled gray, tinged with yellowish; tail yellowish, with six or more dark brown rings rather faint on the under side ; ankles dusky ; hands and feet grayish, the latter suffused with brown.
Measurements. Total length, 667; tail vertebras, 230; hind foot, 90. Skull: basal length, 88; occipito-nasal length, 88; palatal length, 58; zygomatic breadth, 59; length of upper molar series, 17.
485. maynardi (Procyon), Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xn, 1898,
p. 92.
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM.
PLATE L. ZOOLOGY.
PROCYON L. HERNANDEZI. No. 8681 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. K nat. size.
PROCYON.
401
MAYNARD'S RACCOON.
Type locality. New Providence Island, Bahama Islands.
Genl. Char. "Size small; palatine extension short and narrow; upper carnassial molar teeth small and less square than in P. lotor, less truncate on inner sides, and more pointed ; molar slender, weak ; infraorbital foramen large."
Color. Like P. lotor; shoulder patch paler, with more black hairs.
Measurements. "Total length, 623; tail vertebrae, 210; hind foot, 96. Skull: length of nasals, 28.6; length of palate, 58.2; width of palate, at middle of carnassial tooth, 17.2; length of palatine, exten- sion from a line across alveoli of last upper molars to end of ptery- goid process, 23.8; to end of palate, 12.6; least width of palatine extension, 13.6; length of single half of mandible, 72.2." (Bangs, I.e.)
lotor hernandezi (Procyon), Wagl., Isis, 1831, p. 514. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 317.
psora. Gray, Mag. Nat. Hist., 1837, p. 261.
nivea. Gray, Mag. Nat. Hist., 1842, p. 580. HERNANDEZ'S RACCOON. Tejon solitario, Apache in Mexico.
Type locality. Southern Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Southern Mexico, north into United States, west of Mountains to Puget Sound.
FIG. LXVII. PROCYON L. HERNANDEZI. HERNANDEZ'S RACCOON. No. 8724 Field Columbian Mus. Coll.
492 PROCYON.
Genl. Char. t Size large; tail tapering, and the black rings only half as wide as the rusty whitish interspaces ; hind feet exceeding four inches, above dark brown.
Color. Similar to P. lotor, but black tail rings narrow, and size generally larger.
Measurements. Total length, 533; tail, 143; ear, 35; hind foot, 112; fore foot, 60. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 100; Hensel, 98; zygomatic breadth, 67.5; interorbital width, 30; posterior margin of palate to alveoli of incisors, 65; mastoid breadth, 55; length of man- dible, 80; height at condyle, 17.
lotor insularis (Procyon), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xn, i!
p. 17. ISLAND RACCOON.
Type locality. Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias Islands, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Tres Marias Islands, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. lotor; pterygoids truncate anteriorly.
Color. Like P. lotor, but paler; top of head grayer.
Measurements. Total length, 854; tail vertebne, 286; hind foot, 132.
A. Euprocyon.
Superior surface of skull flat, declining gradually from lambdoidal suture to nasals, and rather abruptly at occipital region; braincase broad, swollen, and rounded on sides; roots of upper canines pro- ducing considerable swelling in malar; palate long and hard, post- palatal length short; interpterygoid fossa short and broad; bullae large, placed slightly oblique, longer than wide, high; teeth very large; tail rather long, slender.
486. cancrivorus (Ursus), Cuv., Tabl. Elem. Hist. Nat., 1798, p. 113. CRAB-EATING RACCOON.
Type locality. Cayenne, French Guiana.
Geogr. Distr. Tres Marias Islands, State of Jalisco, Mexico (Alston), Panama; Northern South America.
Genl. Char. Tail slender, not bushy; teeth large; fur thick, short.
Color. Space around eye and top of nose black; rest of head yel- lowish gray, lined with black; dorsal region yellowish brown lined with black, and hairs in center of back tipped with whitish, giving a grayish sheen to this part; shoulders, sides, and thighs clear buffy brown, grading into the yellowish white of the under parts; chin brownish black; legs sparsely haired, brownish black; feet brownish
PROCYON. 493
gray; ears yellowish; tail yellowish white with seven or eight narrow black rings; tip black.
FIG. 90. PROCYON (EUPROCYON) CANCRIVORUS. No. 5940 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. % nat. size.
Measurements. Total length about 825; tail, 250; hind foot, 140 (dried skin). Skull: occipito-nasal length, 106; Hensel, 116; zygo- matic width, 77; interorbital constriction, 26; median length of nasals, 26 ; mastoid breadth, 58 ; alveolus of incisor to palatal arch, 72 ; length of mandible, 93; height at condyle, 19.
494 NASUA.
The Coatis are chiefly arboreal in their habits, and are remarkable for the lengthened, flexible nose, which is capable of movement in almost any direction, and also of being made perfectly rigid at the will of the animal. Three species and six subspecies only are known, resembling each other somewhat in the color of their coat, which is, however, even in individuals of the same species, liable to assume a great variety of hues wholly independent of age or sex, and which range from a reddish brown and orange to pale brown. Like the other members of the family, the Coati-Mundis, as they are some- times called, are omnivorous, and eat birds, mammals, insects, fruit, or in fact almost anything they can get. They go in small bands of a dozen or more, but sometimes an old male may be seen by himself, if it is not in the pairing season; but females are never found alone. It is an inquisitive animal and pries with its long nose or claws into everything that attracts its attention, and like the coon, is very mischievous and always busy and restless. The long tail, though not prehensile, is sometimes used to draw objects within reach of its paws. The various species range over a great extent of country, and are found from Mexico to Paraguay in South America, and from the Atlantic Coast to the Andean range.
94. Nasua. Coatis.
J. A. Allen. On the genus Nasua Storr, Bull. U. S. Geogr. & Geol. Surv. Terr., v, 1879, p. 153.
Nasua Storr, Prodr. Meth. Mamm., 1780, p. 35. Type Viverra nasua Linnaeus.
Nose lengthened, snout truncate, upturned; body long, com- pressed; tail long, tapering; Skull long, narrow, nasals upturned anteriorly; no interorbital constriction; palate very long, one-third of its length posterior to last molar; interpterygoid fossa very short, broad; bullae small.
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES
A. Size small; tail short; first upper molar cut PAGE away anteriorly and posteriorly ................ N. nelsoni 495
B. Size large; tail long; first upper molar not cut away at either end.
a. Upper parts dark reddish brown ; molariform
teeth medium ............................... N. nasica 497
b. Upper parts reddish brown; molariform
teeth large ............... ............... N. n. molaris 497
NASUA. 49.-.
PAGE
c. Upper parts brownish black N. n. bullata 497
d. Upper parts rusty brown N. n. panamcnsis 498
e. Upper parts pale brownish yellow N. n. yucatanica 498
f. .Upper parts pale brown N. n. pallida 498
FIG. 91. NASUA NASICA.
No. 6676 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. % nat. size.
487. nelsoni (Nasud), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xiv, 1901, p. 100. (July.)
49fi
NASUA.
thersites (Nasud), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser., vui,
1901, p. 271. (October.) NELSON'S COATI.
Type locality. Cozumel Island, Yucatan, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Small; tail short. Skull: sagittal crest large in male, arched; inner cusp of first upper molar prominent; first lower molar small and narrow.
Color. Head and shoulders golden fulvous; sides of neck and arms buffy white; throat buffy; ears and a posterior stripe whitish; chin and nose grayish; superciliary stripe gray; dusky band behind chin; rest of body above, with belly, legs, and tail seal brown.
Measurements. Total length, 795-910; tail vertebrae, 355-380; hind foot, 77-83; ear, 28. Skull: basal length, 95-109; occipito- nasal length, 95 ; interorbital breadth, 24; palatal length, 66-67 ; zygo- matic breadth, 61-64; length of molar series, on alveoli, 16.5.
FIG. LXVIII. NASUA NASICA. COATI.
NASUA. 497
488. *nasica (Nasua), Linn., Syst. Nat., i, 1766, p. 64. COATI. Pisoti, Tejon in Spanish America; the latter name also for Procyon I. hernandezi.
Type locality. "In America."
Geogr. Distr. Mexico from northern boundary through Central America.
Genl. Char. Those of the genus.
Color. Very variable; usually ranging from reddish brown to chestnut.
Dark reddish brown, hairs tipped with yellowish white, this last color predominating on shoulders, back, upper part of fore legs, and front edge of hind legs and belly; head pale yellowish brown, becoming pale rufous on occiput and upper part of neck; face rufous brown; white spot beneath eye; nose white, muzzle black; chin, throat, under part of neck and breast yellowish white; tail uniform light reddish brown, darkest at tip; feet blackish chestnut.
Measurements. Total length, 1225; tail, 575; hind foot, 120. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 123; Hensel, 122; zygomatic width, 82; interorbital width at postorbital processes, 39; median length of nasals, 20; palatal arch to alveoli of incisors, 82; postpalatal length, 39; length of upper molar series, 23; length of mandible, 38; height at coronoid process, 26. (Skull dimensions from a specimen from San Felipe de Hijar, State of Jalisco, Mexico, No. 6676, Coll. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y.)
a. — molaris (Nasiid), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, p. 68. MANZANILLO COATI.
Type locality. Manzanillo, State of Colima, Mexico.
Genl. Char. "Similar to N. narica (sic) from eastern Mexico, but gray of face more restricted; tail longer; skull slightly larger; molariform teeth, particularly the upper ones, very much larger and more massive."
Measurements. "Total length, 1240; tail vertebrae, 680; hind foot, 122." (Merr., 1. c.)
b. — bullata (Nasua), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1904, p. 48. DARK COATI.
Type locality. Pozo Azul, Pirris Province, Costa Rica.
Genl. Char. General color very dark ; bullas greatly inflated ; teeth small.
Color. Head and dorsal region brownish black, hairs tipped with yellowish; sides dark brown; throat and chest whitish; ventral sur-
*NASICA long-nose, nee naria narinosa, broad nose.
498 NASUA.
face dark brown, tips of hairs lighter; tail above dark brown, sides and beneath lighter, nearly black at tip.
Measurements. Total length, 1119; tail vertebrae, 587 ; hind foot, 133. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 140; Hensel, 123; zygomatic width, 78; interorbital constriction, 28; width of braincase, 45; length of upper molar series, 26; bullas, 17X11; height of sagittal crest, 6.
c. — panarnensis (Nasua), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1904, P- 51-
BOQUERON COATI.
Type locality. Boqueron, Chiriqui, Panama.
Genl. Char. Similar to N. n. bullata, but smaller.
Color. Top of head, nape, and shoulders rusty brown; anterior half of back and rump dusky brown, hairs tipped with yellowish gray; ears and sides of shoulders yellowish white; feet and tail dark brown.
Measurements. Total length, 1080; tail vertebras, 540; hind foot, 116; ear, 40. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 122; Hensel, 108; zygo- matic width, 60; interorbital constriction, 25; width of braincase, 44.5; length of upper molar series, 21; bullas, 13X9.5.
d. — yuoatanica (Nasua}, Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1904,
p. 52. YUCATAN COATI.
Type locality. Chichen Itza, Yucatan.
Genl. Char. Size small ; color pale.
Color. Upper parts pale brownish yellow, tips of hairs brownish over posterior portion of dorsal region, and yellowish white on shoul- ders; sides of shoulders and neck, and proximal two-thirds of fore limbs pale cream- color; dark areas of face, and the fore and hind feet dark chocolate brown; ventral surface pale reddish brown, tips of hairs whitish; tail pale buff above and beneath, brownish at tip.
Measurements. Total length, 1150; tail vertebrae, 550; hind foot, 100. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 130; basal length, 120; zygomatic width, 77; interorbital constriction, 29; width of braincase, 43; length of upper molar series, 18; length of lower molar series, 23.3; height at sagittal crest, 6.5; bullas, 14. 6 X 10.
e. — pallida (Nasua), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1904, p. 53. PALLID COATI.
Type locality. Near Guadalupe y Calva, Sierra Nevada, State of Chihuahua, Mexico.
Color. "Above pale brown, hairs for three-fourths their length from base buffy white, then broadly ringed with dark brown, and
NASUA. POTOS. 49fl
tipped with pale yellowish; inner surface of ears, light facial mark- ings, sides of neck and shoulders, and proximal two-thirds of fore limbs white; flanks and ventral surface brighter than back; dark facial markings pale chocolate brown; tail pale brownish yellow; feet dark brown."
Measurements. Total length, 1200; tail vertebrae, 515 (flat skin).
One species and eight subspecies of the next rather aberrant genus are known. Unlike its relatives of the previous genera, the Kinkajou has a prehensile tail, which it can coil round a branch and render its position in a tree most secure. With its hind feet it is very dexterous, and can with them easily place food in its mouth ; and although there are no opposable thumbs on the hands, and its fingers are webbed for almost their entire length, these peculiarities offer no obstacles for the expert use of these members. It is a rather small animal, the body being only about a foot and a half in length, head broad and round, limbs short, and the tail long. It walks with the soles of both hands and feet upon the ground, but the heels are raised. It is arboreal, a facile climber, and when descending a tree or branch comes as often head first as in any other manner. It is fond of insects, which it draws from their retreats with its long and flexible tongue, and is very fond of the honey of the wild bee. Nocturnal in habits, it avoids the light, and is rarely seen by day, but becomes very active at nightfall. It has a gentle disposition, and is easily tamed, although in the wild state it is said to be fierce enough. Two of the subspecies only are found within the limits embraced in this work.
95. Potos. Kiiikajous.
T 3-3. p i-i. p 3-3. Vf 2-2 _ -j< L-3=3> UM; F'3=3' M'2^-3f>.
Oldfield Thomas. On the Geographical Races of the Kinkajou. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser., ix, 1902, p. 265.
Potos Cuv. & Geoff., Meth. Mamm., in Mag. Ency., n, 1795, p. 187. Type Viverra caudivolvula Schreber.
Cercoleptes Illiger, Prodr. Syst. Mamm. et Av., 1811, p. 127.
Skull short, upper surface flat; molars have crowns flat, tubercles slight; tongue long, extensile; ears and limbs short; body long; tail long, tapering, prehensile.
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES.
A. Tail long, prehensile. PAGE
a. Color pale, grayish yellow P. f. aztecus 500
b. Color brownish yellow and black P. f. chiriquensis 501
500
POTOS.
FIG. 92. POTOS FLAVUS.
No. 8611 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. % nat. size.
fiavus aztecus (Potos), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ;th Ser., ix,
1902, pp. 266, 268. Desc. AZTEC KINKAJOU. Martica in Mexico; Micoleon in Guatemala.
Type locality. Atoyca, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Central Mexico, south to Guatemala.
Genl. Char. Size large; no dorsal stripe.
POTOS.
501
Color. Muzzle and space around the eyes dark brown; head and body above grayish yellow; under parts and inner sides of limbs deep fulvous yellow, with a dark streak on abdomen; hands and feet brownish; tail above grayish yellow, lighter beneath, tip brown.
FIG. LXIX. POTOS FLAVUS. THE KINKAJOU.
Measurements. Total length, 1015; tail, 435; hind foot with claws, 100; ear, 38. (Skin, probably stretched.) Skull: greatest length, 94; basal length, 83; zygomatic breadth, 66; interorbital breadth, 22.5; breadth of braincase, 44; palatal length, 40; upper tooth row, 21.6; lower tooth row, inclusive of canines, 24; length of upper molar series, 14; lower molar series, 16.3 ; height of mandible at coronoid process, 46.7.
flavus chiriquensis (Potos), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1904,
p. 72. CHIRIQUI KINKAJOU.
Type locality. Boqueron, Chiriqui, Panama.
Color. Above brownish yellow, hairs tipped with blackish; middle of back darker, but no dorsal line ; sides of neck and shoulders and front of neck yellowish or golden rufous ; under parts dull greenish yellow, with a dusky brown streak on middle of abdomen ; tail above like back for four-fifths its length, beneath dull brownish yellow, apical portion brownish black.
Measurements. Total length, 815-990; tail vertebrae, 425-505; hind foot, 75-93; ear, 36-42. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 92; basal
502 POTOS. MUSTELID^E.
length, 83; zygomatic width, 59; interorbital constriction, 21.5; width of braincase, 41; palatal length, 31.5; length of upper pre- molar and molar series, 20; length of lower premolar and molar series, 23 ; length of mandible, front base of incisors to posterior border of condyle, 61 ; height of condyle, 30; at coronoid process, 43.5.
The family MUSTELID^; is a large one and widely distributed over the earth. It is composed of many genera containing species that differ greatly in structure and habits, some dwellers of the plains, others of the woods, and still others which are aquatic, whose home is in the rivers, lakes, and seas, from which their subsistence is obtained. It is from the members of this family that the most valuable furs are procured. The majority of the species are dwellers in the northern parts of the earth, only a few being inhabitants of the region of which this work treats. Most species of the Mustelidae have the capacity of secreting, and also of discharging, sometimes to a considerable distance, a fetid substance which proves a most effec- tive means of defense. The glands which form the secretory appar- atus are most highly developed in the Mephitina. So varied are the MUSTELID^; that any arrangement of the different forms cannot be otherwise than highly artificial, some of the gaps between the genera being wide and important.
Fam. VI. Mustelidse. Badgers, Weasels, Otters, etc.
A single tubercular molar tooth on each side of both jaws; in the upper molar the inner tubercular portion is longest in the antero- posterior direction; bullae slightly inflated; palate extending beyond the last molars; feet five-toed, plantigrade or digitigrade; no caecum.
The Badger, representing the first genus of the subfamily, is eminently a digger, and lives in a burrow from which it rarely ven- tures any distance by day. Its short legs and broad, flat body give it the appearance when running of almost sweeping the ground. Its movements are slow, and if it imagines it can escape notice, it will remain motionless, crouching as low as possible, and at such a time a near approach is not impossible. The Badgers of Europe and America, although they resemble each other somewhat in outward appearance, differ so much in teeth and shape of skull that they can- not even be included in the same genus. The American typical species is an inhabitant of the more northern and western portion of
MUSTELIDJE. MELINJE. TAXIDEA. 503
North America, while the two races that are found in Mexico differ very materially in their markings and also in color. The burrows made by these animals are often extensive, and in loose soil are twenty feet or more in length ; and as the animal digs with wonderful rapidity, it does not take it long to construct such a burrow and bury itself out of sight. Badgers are chiefly nocturnal and omnivorous, eating mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, fruits, in fact anything they may obtain that can be regarded as food. They are very ferocious, and great fighters when cornered, but their first idea when an enemy appears is to get back to the burrow as quickly as possible, and an individual never leaves this haven of refuge unless everything is quiet and no enemy in sight. So great is this animal's strength that the largest dog would find it difficult, if not impossible, to pull a badger out of his burrow, as it grasps the sides with feet and nails, and becomes about as immovable as the walls themselves. It has hardly any enemy but man that it need fear, its great strength and facility in digging affording it means of rapid escape from any car- nivorous beast that dwells in the same region. Badgers hibernate in high latitudes.
Subfam. I. Melinae. Large quadrate posterior upper molar; molars in jaws unequal.
96. Taxidea. Badgers.
Taxidea Waterh., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1838, p. 154. Type Meles labradoria Gmelin.
Body stout, strong, depressed; tail short; upper carnassial longest in proportion to other teeth, upper molar triangular, the apex turned backward; fore claws very large, strong; skull wedge-shaped, widest posteriorly; limbs short, feet sub-plantigrade; anal glands two; sub- caudal pouch surrounded by a racemose gland.
KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES.
A. White median stripe from nose to tail.
a. Black interramial spot; under parts of body PAGE buff .................................. T. t. berlandieri 503
b. No interramial spot; under parts of body
tawny white .............................. T. t. injusca 505
taxus berlandieri (Taxidea), Baird, Mamm. N. Amer., 1857, p. 205. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 321.
504
TAXIDEA.
FIG 93. TAXIDEA T. BERLANDIERI.
No. 68;g Field Columbian Mus. Coll. % nat. size.
BERLANDIER'S BADGER. Taxon, Teton, in Mexico.
Type locality. Llano Estacado, Texas, near Mexican border.
Geogr. Distr. State of Tamaulipas, Mexico, north to Texas, Okla- homa Territory, Arizona, and New Mexico.
Genl, Char. A conspicuous white stripe from nose along the entire upper part of body to the tail; black interramial spot.
Color. Reddish gray; blackish brown on head, and the same color on neck and back along the median white stripe, the hairs tipped with white, giving this part a grizzled appearance; cheeks
TAXIDEA.
505
FIG. LXX. TAXIDEA T. BERLANDIERI. BERLANDIER'S BADGER.
white, with a black patch in front of ear; under parts buff, except throat and chin, which are white; legs black; tail like the back.
Measurements. Total length, 710; tail, 120; hind leg, 103. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 106; Hensel, 109; zygomatic width, 45; inter- orbital constriction, 26; palatal arch to alveoli of incisors, 60; post- palatal length, 49; length of bullae, 27; mastoid width, 39; median length of nasals, 23; greatest occipital breadth, 74; length of upper , tooth row, 32.5; length of crown of sectorial, 14; length of mandible, 80; height at condyle, 16.
taxus infusca (Taxidea), Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1867, p. 899. LOWER CALIFORNIA BADGER.
Type locality. Santa Anita, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Known only from the type locality.
Genl. Char. Similar to T. t. bcrlandieri, but darker; no inter- ramial black spot.
Color. "Pattern apparently as in T. t. berlandieri Baird, but the general color as much darker than in that animal as that of T. t.
506 TAXIDEA.
neglecta Mearns, is when compared with T. t. typica; mesial stripe broad and well marked throughout from nose to tail, specially broad- ened on the nape, where it reaches a width of from i^ to 2 inches; black cheek-patch not united to orbital patch, and only doubtfully connected by gray with the black crown-band; long hair of back without sub-basal bands, uniformly tawny buff except for the sub- terminal band of black and tip of dirty white; tail hairs similar, except those of the extreme tips, which are blackish brown through- out; under surface brownish or tawny white; mesial line clear white." Measurements. "Total length, 702; tail vertebras, 122; hind foot, 94; ear, 50. Skull: length of Hensel, 113; greatest breadth, 79." (Thomas, 1. c.)
Skunks are nocturnal in their habits and are not very often seen abroad by day. Slow of movement, incapable of running with any degree of speed, its teeth and claws comparatively feeble, the skunk would be one of the most helpless and defenseless of creatures if it were not for the terrible battery it carries ever ready to be dis- charged, and before whose overpowering fetid odor the boldest animal hastens to escape. So penetrating and permeating is this dreadful scent, that it can be detected at the distance of a mile, and if the liquid reaches the eye it is intensely irritating and painful, and may cause the loss of sight. The Skunk is a very cleanly animal, and is careful not to get any of the discharge upon its own fur, lifting its bushy, ornamental tail high over its back far out of harm's way. This movement is a provision of Nature, for it acts upon certain muscles, and causes them to compress the sacs containing the fluid and give an increased force to the discharge. It is stated that if a skunk is seized and held up by its tail it is harmless, but few persons would take the chances and try the experiment to prove if this is really a fact. The distance the fluid can be ejected is about ten feet. Skunks are omnivorous, eating almost anything that they can masti- cate, and often approach buildings in the country in search of food, frequently taking up their abode beneath the porch, or in the cellar, which they reach by digging. Their presence is soon evident, and they prove most unwelcome visitors. The bite of the skunk is severe, and it has been proved that it can inflict hydrophobia, but there is no authenticated instance of a rabid skunk, and the cause for this fearful result is a mystery. Skunks live in burrows, and are expert diggers of these subterranean abodes, and they hibernate during the winter. There are numerous so-called species and races very much
MEPHITIS. 507
alike in appearance and habits. The skunk is not what may be called gregarious, but frequently a family of five or six may be seen together; more often, however, only single individuals are met with. It is a handsome animal, and the tail is really beautiful, with its long^ flowing black and white hairs waving like a plume. The litters are large, six to eight, possibly occasionally more young are produced at a birth, and these generally remain underground until able to take care of themselves.
97. Mephitis. Skunks.
T 3-3. pl^l. p?-l. M i-i _ S-3' ^-i-i' *'3=3' M-2-2-34-
A. H. Ho well, Revision of the Skunks of the genus Chincha, N. Am. Faun., No. 20, 1901.
J. A. Allen, The Generic names of the Mephitina, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1901, p. 325. Id. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, pp. 59-66.
Mephitis Cuv., Lecons, d'Anat. Comp., Class Mamm., i, 1800, Tabl. i. Type — ? "Les Moufettes."
Chincha Less., Nouv. Tabl. Regn. Anim., Mamm., 1842, p. 67.
Leucomitra Howell, N. Am. Faun., No. 20, p. 39, pis. iv, vm.
Upper posterior molar larger than the carnassial, subquadrate; palate reaching to hinder border of last molar; body elongate; limbs moderate, subplantigrade ; head small, nose pointed; tail long, bushy; anal glands greatly developed.
KEY TO SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES.
A. Audital bullae not greatly inflated; divided
white stripe on back. PAGE
a. Body stripes narrow M. o. holzneri 507
b. Body stripes very broad M. m. estor 509
B. Audital bullae greatly inflated; back all black or all white.
a. Bullas small.
a/ Tail longer than body M. macrura 510
b/ Tail not longer than body M. m. milleri 511
b. Bullse large M. m. vittata 512
occidentalis holzneri (Mephitis), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xx,
1897, p. 461. LOWER CALIFORNIA SKUNK.
Type locality. San Isidro Ranch, Lower California, Mexico, near border of San Diego County, California.
508
MEPHITIS.
FIG. 94. MEPHITIS o. HOLZNERI.
No. 6421 Am. Mus. Nat.'Hist. Coll. Nat. size.
Geogr. Distr. Monterey Bay, south into Lower California, Mexico; southern limits unknown.
MEPHITIS. 509
Genl. Char. Similar to M. occidentalis , but smaller; mastoids less prominent; rostrum and palate longer; lateral tooth row and width of molars greater.
Color. Black; stripe on top of head, triangular patch on nape and two narrow stripes to middle of tail, white; rest of hairs on tail black with white bases.
Measurements. Total length, 665; tail vertebrae, 273; hind foot, 72. Skull: basal length, 66.9; Hensel, 64.5; greatest zygomatic width, 47.4; mastoid width, 38.7; width at postorbital processes, 22.2; interorbital constriction, 19.1; palatal length, 27.3; postpalatal length, 27.2.
7)iesoine1as estor (Mephitis), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 3, 1890, p. 81
pi. x, fig. i. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 326. MERRIAM'S SKUNK.
Type locality. San Francisco Mountain, Coconino County, Arizona.
Geogr. Distr. States of Sonora and Chihuahua, Mexico, into Arizona.
Genl. Char. Size small; tail short; soles naked. Skull: palate not reaching posterior line of the last molar; distinct pit between the bullae and postglenoid process absent.
Color. Narrow frontal stripe and nuchal patch white, the latter occupying entire occipital region, and extending narrowly on the shoulders, then expanding over all the lower back and rump (some- times in the center of the back a narrow black stripe appears amid the white), and then continues over the tail extending beyond the tip. Through this thin white "veil" the black beneath shows. Under parts black with white patches on throat.
Measurements. Total length, 640; tail vertebrae, 256; pencil, 140; hind foot, 67. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 60; Hensel, 53.5; zygo- matic width, 40; width of orbital processes, 21; palatal length, 22; postpalatal length, 32; length of nasals, 10; width of upper molar, 8; length of mandible, 42; height at coronoid process, 19.
A. Leucomitra.
Skull: Anterior palatine foramina large, rounded; audital bullae much inflated; zygomata often nearly parallel to the skull; paroc- cipital processes directed outward, pointed; posterior margin of palate even. Size medium, form slender; hairs of nape lengthened, directed laterally, shaping a hood.
510
MEPHITIS.
FIG. 95. MEPHITIS (LEUCOMITRA) MACRURA.
No. 8682 Field ColumbianlMus. Coll. Nat. size.
489. macrura (Mephitis), Licht., Darst. Saugeth., 1834, pi. XLVI. LONG-TAILED SKUNK. Zorillo in Mexico, applied to all skunks.
Type locality. "Mexico."
Genl. Char. Tail nearly as long as body.
Color. Black; a broad nuchal patch extending as a broad stripe to end of tail white ; longitudinal white stripe on each side.
Measurements. Total length, 685; tail vertebrae, 332. Skull:
MEPHITIS.
511
occipito-nasal length, 57; Hensel, 53; zygomatic width, 38; palatal length, 22; length of upper molar, 6; length of mandible, 38; height at coronoid process, 18.
FIG. LXXI. MEPHITIS MACRURA. LONG-TAILED SKUNK.
a. — milleri, (Mephitis), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xx, 1897,
p. 467. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 325. MILLER'S SKUNK.
Type locality. Fort Lowell, near Tucson, Pima County, Arizona.
Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, into Arizona.
512 MEPHITIS. CONEPATUS.
Genl. Char. Tail slender, longer than head and body; nape with a hood of spreading elongated hairs.
Color. Black with a white stripe low down on the sides from the ear to the tail ; head with a narrow white stripe above ; tail externally black above and all around subterminally ; under side all white, except the terminal black ring; tuft at tip white; feet and under parts black.
Measurements. Total length, 790; tail vertebrae, 435; hind foot, 73. Skull: total length, 60.3; Hensel, 58.4; zygomatic width, 43.9; mastoid breadth, 36; across postorbital processes, 22.3; interorbital constriction, 19.4; palatal length, 24.1; postpalatal length, 34.2.
b. — vittata (Mephitis}, Licht., Darst. Saugeth. 1834, p. 34, pi. XLVII.
concolor Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, p. 149. BRIDLED SKUNK. Zorillo in Guatemala.
Type locality. San Mateo del Mar, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. ' ' Narrow line from nose to vertex ; one or two streaks on each side along the occiput ; a solitary stripe on each side from the paratoid region to the base of the tail." Smaller than M. macrura; mastoids and sagittal crest only slightly developed.
Color. Same as M. macrura, but pencil of tail not clearly indi- cated; black phase existing and not uncommon.
Measurements. Total length, 610; tail vertebras, 280. Skull: total length, 52.3; Hensel, 50.5; zygomatic breadth, 38.3; mastoid breadth, 31.8; across postorbital processes, 20.6; palatal length, 21.2; postpalatal length, 29.3.
The species of the next genus are among the largest of the skunks, indeed some individuals probably exceed all other skunks in size. In structure they differ from species of the genus Mephitis in being heavier in body, with an elongate snout more like that of a pig. The fur is coarse and harsh, and the entire back is often pure white, the dorsal stripes having united, but in others again the color of the upper parts resemble that of the true skunks.
98. Coiiepatus. White-backed Skunks.
Conepatus Gray, Charlesw. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1837, p. 581. Type
Coiiepatus humboldti Gray. Ictonyx (sic} Kaup. Thierr., i, 1835, p. 352.
CONEPATUS.
513
Marputius Gray, Charlesw. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1837, p. 581.
Thiosmus Lichtenstein, Abh. K. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1838, p. 270.
Ozolictis Gloger, Hand-und Hilfsb. Naturg., 1841, p. 57.
Rhinozolis Gloger, Hand-und Hilfsb. Naturg., 1841, p. 58.
Oryctogale Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1902, p. 161.
Body stouter than that of Mephitis; nostrils opening downward and forward, not laterally; first premolar absent; pterygoid fossa short and rather narrow; palate extending beyond posterior border of molar: postorbital processes generally absent; superior outline of
FIG. 96. CONEPATUS M. MEARNSI. No. 5439 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Nat. size.
514 CONEPATUS.
skull a gradual curve from occiput to end of premaxillae ; fore claws large and strong; soles naked for half the length of foot.
A. Oryctogale.
"Snout very long, overhanging the incisors a full inch (25 mm.), with a large naked pad on upper side for rooting in the ground ; soles of hind feet entirely naked to heel; color black, with a single white median dorsal band, beginning on top of head between ears (or midway between eyes and ears) and reaching posteriorly to tail; tail white except at base underneath, which is black; skull relatively high; anterior nares large and obliquely truncate, broadly open as seen from above; ascending arm of premaxillae reduced to a slender oblique splint; nasals and maxillae ending posteriorly on essentially same plane; anterior part of nasals (in profile) essentially in fronto- nasal plane (not upturned or pugged) ; postorbital constriction slight ; antorbital foramen single throughout." (Merr., 1. c.)
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES.
A. Dorsal area white.
a. Size large, tail long.
a/ Black at base of tail beneath very re- PAGE
stricted C. sonoriensis 514
b/ Black at base of tail beneath y$ to ]/%
of its total length, a." White on back broad; rump never
black C. leuconotus 515
b." White on back restricted; rump often
black C.I. texensis 515
c/ Tail all white above and below.
a." Skull, occipito-nasal length, 678 mm.; length of upper premolar and molars,
1 6 mm C. mesoleucus 515
b." Skull, occipito-nasal length, 664 mm.;
length of upper premolar and molars,
17 mm C. m. mearnsi 516
b. Size small, tail short.
a/ Hind foot, 74 mm C. jelipensis 517
b/ Hind foot, 61 mm C. pediculus 517
B. Dorsal stripes two . C. tropicalis 517
490. sonoriensis (Conepatus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv,
1902, p. 162. SONORAN SKUNK.
Type locality. Camoa, Rio Mayo, State of Sonora, Mexico.
CONEPATUS. 515
Geogr. Distr. Valparaiso Mountains, State of Zacatecas, north- westerly into State of Sonora.
Genl. Char. Size large; tail long. Skull long and slender; upper molar and sectorial large.
Color. Black; white dorsal band broad throughout; tail white, black at base beneath restricted.
Measurements. Total length, 715; tail vertebrae, 300; hind foot, 84. Skull: basal length, 66.5; zygomatic breadth, 43; palatal length, 33; upper molar on outer edge, 8.5.
491. leuconotus (Mephitis), Licht., Darst. Neuer Oder Wenig Bekann-
ter Saugeth., 1834, text, pi. XLIV, fig. i. WHITE-SPOTTED SKUNK.
Type locality. Upper waters of the Rio Alvarado, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size large; white stripe from forehead in front of eyes.
Color. Black; white stripe from in front of eyes broadening in the middle, and extending to the end of tail, which is black on sides of basal half.
Measurements. Total length, 436; tail, 279.40; hind foot, 50.8; width of stripe at middle of back, 76.20.
a. — texensis (Conepatus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902,
p. 162. TEXAN SKUNK.
Type locality. Brownsville, Lower Rio Grande, Cameron County, Texas.
Geogr. Distr. Coast of Texas from Rockport, Aransas County, to mouth of Rio Grande. State of Tamaulipas, Mexico?
Genl. Char. Similar to C. leuconotus, Licht., but larger; white dorsal area more restricted; rump often all black.
Color. Black; white dorsal stripe usually narrower on rump, sometimes not reaching it, leaving a white line between it and the tail, or the rump is all black; tail white, with one-third or one-half of the basal portion beneath black.
Measurements. Total length, 825; tail vertebras, 365; hind foot, 86. Skull: basal length, 77; zygomatic breadth, 55.5; palatal length, 35; upper molar on its outer edge, 10.
492. mesoleucus (Mephitis), Licht., Darst. Neuer Oder Wenig Bekann-
ter Saugeth., 1834, pi. XLIV, fig. 2. WHITE-BACKED SKUNK.
Type locality. Chico, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
516
CONEPATUS.
Genl. Char. Size large, white stripe from occiput, covering dorsal region and tail.
Color. Upper parts from occiput white; tail white; rest of body, legs, and feet black.
Measurements. Total length, 609.56; tail, 304.80; hind foot, 73.6.
FIG. LXXII. CONEPATUS M. MEARNSI. MEARNS' SKUNK.
a. — mearnsi (Conepatus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902,
P- I&3- mapurito, Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., Suppl., 1901, p. 510, pi.
LVI. MEARNS' SKUNK.
Type locality. Mason, Mason County, Texas.
Geogr. Distr. Table-land of Mexico from States of Jalisco and southwestern San Luis Potosi northward to central Texas and central Arizona.
Genl. Char. Similar to C. mesoleucus, but skull and teeth smaller.
Color. Entire upper parts from crown of head to end of tail white or yellowish; sides and legs shining black; under parts dull black ex- cept a narrow line between jaws and the throat, which are white; tail all white above and below; claws white.
CONEPATUS. 517
Measurements. Total length, 670; tail vertebrae, 290; hind foot, 75. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 64; Hensel, 62.5; zygomatic width, 51; interorbital constriction, 20.5; palatal length, 29; postpalatal length, 34; length of mandible, 46.5; height at condyle, 10; length of upper molars, 7.5.
493. felipensis (Conepatus), Merr. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash, xv, 1902,
p. 163. SAN FELIPE SKUNK.
Type locality. Cerro San Felipe, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Cerro San Felipe, State of Oaxaca, Mexico; 9,000 to 10,500 feet altitude.
Genl. Char. Size small; dorsal stripe narrow. Skull depressed, flat- tened anteriorly; anterior nares small; upper molar and sectorial small.
Color. Black; similar in distribution of color to the other varie- ties, but the white dorsal stripe narrow and restricted in area.
Measurements. Total length, 630; tail vertebrae, 265; hind foot, 74. Skull: basal length, 64; zgyomatic width, 47.5; palatal length, 31 ; length of upper molar, 7.5.
494. pediculus (Conepatus), Merr. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902,
p. 164. GUADALUPE SKUNK.
Type locality. Sierra Guadalupe, State of Coahuila, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size small. Nasals broad, flat, square posteriorly; braincase elevated.
Color. No description given, but presumably like C. felipensis.
Measurements. Total length, 485 ; tail vertebras, 178; hind foot, 61. Skull, basal length, 57; zygomatic breadth, 43; palatal length, 27; upper molar on its outer side, 7.
B. Marputius.
"Hind feet moderate, the bald soles extending to the heel; front claws elongate; tail rather short; nose acute, produced; fur bristly, close pressed; teeth like those of Mephitis." (Gray, I.e.)
495. tropicalis (Conepatus), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902,
p. 164. MOTZORONGO SKUNK.
Type locality. Motzorongo, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. East coast of State of Vera Cruz, southeasterly to Yucatan.
Genl. Char. Two white dorsal stripes; tail short. Skull with a sinu-
518
CONEPATUS.
FIG. 97. CONEPATUS (MARPUTIUS) TROPICALIS.
No. 10115 Mus. Comp. Zool. Nat. size.
ous profile; tips of nasals slightly upturned; f rentals prominent, and a depression behind orbits.
Color. Black ; two narrow white stripes from nape to hips ; nuchal patch white, convex anteriorly; tail, basal portion black all around, reaching one-third the length above and one-half the length below.
CONEPATUS. SPILOGALE. 519
Measurements. Total length, 575; tail vertebrae, 129; hind foot, 74. Skull: basal length, 67.5; zygomatic breadth, 50.5; palatal length, 32.5; length of last upper molar on its outer side, 8.
The little spotted skunks are, in appearance, the prettiest mem- bers of the tribe, their variously spotted and striped black and white coats making them very attractive. But their favorable qualities are all in their dress, for they are as odoriferous for their size as their larger brethren. These little animals have habits very similar to those of the large skunks, are omnivorous, and are often found in the vi- cinity of streams and lakes. They have been divided into rather numerous species, some of which are difficult to determine.
99. Spilogale. Striped or Spotted Skunks.
T 3-3. p i-i. p 3-3. TUT i-i _ ,.
i-^> ^-M> r>^; M-^ — 34.
Spilogale Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, p. 150. Type Mephitis in-
terrupta Rafinesque.
"Head conical ; nose short, underside with a distinct central groove ; muzzle small, bald, rather notched in front; nostrils lateral; tail short, cylindrical, bushy, not so long as the body, ending in a long pencil of hair; hind feet moderate; sole bald, flat, the front portion divided into four oblong pads, the central one small and triangular, before the others, hinder part narrow; front claws elongate, brown; false grinders y$ ; upper tubercular grinder square, moderate sized. " (Gray, I.e.)
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES.
A. Skull narrow, arched.
a. Size small; not over 415 mm. PAGE
a/ Tail with tip only white 5. pygmcea 519
b/ Tail with apical third white.
a." Bands on thighs present 5. ambigua 521
b." Bands on thighs absent.
a.'" Size small; total length 345 mm. .5. angustifrons 521
b."' Size large; total length, 378 mm. .5. a. tropicalis 521
c/ Tail with apical half white S. a. martirensis 521
b. Size large; over 415 mm S. interrupta 523
B. Skull broad, flat 5. lucasana 523
496. pygmaea (Spilogale}, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1897, p. 898. SINALOA SPOTTED SKUNK.
Type locality. Rosario, State of Sinaloa, Mexico.
520
SPILOGALE.
FIG. 98. SPILOGALE INTERRUPTA.
No. 6878 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Nat. size.
Geogr. Distr. State of Sinaloa, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size very small. Skull narrow, crown elevated; tail less than half the length of body.
Color. Black with white stripes and spots; white band across face from ear to ear; two median gray dorsal bands extending to rump, each divided by a narrow longitudinal black line; chin and two stripes from it to the ear patches white; lateral stripe and one run- ning up onto the thighs white, as is also the upper surface of feet; inner side of legs black; tail at base above mixed black and white, tip white; beneath black at base; rest white.
SPILOGALE. 521
Measurements. Total length, 250; tail vertebrae, 68; hind foot, 34; ear, 23. Skull: basal length, 38.2; Hensel, 36.6; occipito-nasal length, 41.5; mastoid breadth, 25.8; across postorbital processes, 14; palatal length, 15; length of first upper molar, 4.4.
497. ambigua (Spilogale), Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xx, 1897,
p. 460. CHIHUAHUAN LITTLE SPOTTED SKUNK.
Type locality. Eagle Mountain, State of Chihuahua, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Chihuahua, Mexico; Mimbres Valley and Lake Palomas, boundary line.
Genl. Char. Size small; ears short. Skull with fronto-parietal region elevated.
Color. Similar in pattern and color to S. gracilis of Arizona, except that there is more black on tail beneath at base, and the spots on thighs and base of tail above are smaller.
Measurements. Total length, 411; tail vertebrae, 147 ; hind foot, 43.
498. angustifrons (Spilogale), Howell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv,
1902, p. 242. NARROW-HEADED SPOTTED SKUNK.
Type locality. Tlalpam, Valley of Mexico, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Table-land in State of Guanajuato, to State of Chiapas, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size small; usually white bands on thighs absent. Skull slender, no prominent ridges.
Color. Similar to 5. ambigua; bands on thighs absent.
Measurements. Total length, average of three adult males, 345; tail vertebras, 130; hind foot, 40. Skull: Hensel, 43; zygomatic breadth, 31.3; mastoid width, 27.5; interorbital width, 13.
a. — tropicalis (Spilogale), Howell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1902,
p. 242. OAXACA SPOTTED SKUNK.
Type locality. San Mateo del Mar, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. angustifrons, but larger; skull with smaller teeth and larger mastoid capsules.
Color. Like S. angustifrons.
Measurements. "Average of three males; total length, 378; tail vertebrae, 144; hind foot, 44.7. Skull: Hensel, 47 ; zygomatic breadth, 33; mastoid breadth, 30.5; interorbital breadth, 14.5."
*firizoncemartirensis (Spilogale}, Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., in,
1903, p. 170. Zoology.
*For description of 5. arizona, see Synopsis N. A. Mammals, p. 331.
522
SPILOGALE.
SAN PEDRO MARTIR SPOTTED SKUNK.
Type locality. Vallecitos, San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California, Mexico; 9,000 feet elevation.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. arizonce in markings, but the white stripes from occiput and cheek are narrower and shorter; broken stripe from fore leg across lower back broader; tail and hind foot shorter. Skull shorter and narrower with narrower rostrum, but braincase wider above auditory meatus.
Color. Entire body, legs, and feet jet black with white spots and stripes, as in S. arizonce, differing only as mentioned above; tail jet black for basal half, white for the remainder; chin white; white spot on forehead large and broad.
Measurements. Total length, 395; tail vertebrae, 143; hind foot, 44; ear, 25. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 49; Hensel, 45.5; zygomatic width, 33; interorbital constriction, 12; width of rostrum, n; length of nasals, 8; breadth of braincase over auditory meatus, 27; mastoid breadth, 30; palatal length, 19; postpalatal length, 26; length of mandible, angle to alveolus of incisor, 30; height at condyle, 6; at coronoid process, 15.
FIG. LXXIII. SPILOGALE INTERRUPTA. WHITE-SPOTTED SKUNK. No. 6878 Field Columbian Mus. Coll.
SPILOGALE. 523
499. interrupta (Mephitis), Rafin., Ann. Nat., I, 1820, p. 3. Elliot,
Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 328.
quaterlinearis Winans, Coues, Fur-bear. Anim., 1877, p. 239.
bicolor. Gray, Mag. Nat. Hist., 1837, p. 583. WHITE-SPOTTED SKUNK.
Type locality. Upper Missouri?
Geogr. Distr. From Guatemala throughout Mexico to Texas, Oklahoma Territory to Kansas.
Genl. Char. Tail large, black, slender white tuft at tip; white markings on body limited in extent ; postorbital processes small.
Color. Black; small spot on forehead and crescent before ear; two stripes from nape, and one from each ear to middle of back; one broad lateral stripe from behind each fore leg joining a broad patch on side below the back stripes ; two patches on middle of back ; inter- rupted rather broad band across rump, and patch on rump each side of base of tail white; tail black, white tuft at tip, extending beyond the black hairs.
Measurements. Total length, 538; tail vertebrae, 215; hind foot, 47. Skull :basilar length, 58; Hensel, 51.5; occipito-nasal length, 52.7; zygomatic breadth, 34.8; mastoid breadth, 31.2; across postorbital processes, 16.7; interorbital constriction, 14.1; palatal length, 20; length of mandible, 37; height at coronoid process, 18.2; pterygoid fossa from tip of hamular process to palatal arch, 12.7.
500. lucasana (Spilogale), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 4, 1890, p. n. CAPE ST. LUCAS SPOTTED SKUNK.
Type locality. Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Cape Region of Lower California, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Size large ; tail about as long as head and body.
Color. Black, with white spots and stripes; median pair of dorsal stripes, anterior transverse bands and lateral stripes joined together; lumbar spots elongated and confluent with posterior transverse stripe, forming an angle posteriorly; tail spots indistinct; two stripes from chin to throat, and three connected by a curved line; two lines from angles of mouth to below the ears, and there joining the lateral stripes; tail with white spots and white tip.
Measurements. Skull: basilar length, 64; Hensel, 55.5; occipito- nasal length, 59; zygomatic breadth, 40.5; mastoid breadth, 38.5; across postorbital processes, 20; interorbital constriction, 18; palatal length, 22.5; width of braincase, 24.5; length of mandible, 41.5; height at coronoid process, 20.5; tip of hamular process to palatal arch (pterygoid fossa), 12.6.
624 ORISON.
The Orisons, as the animals of the genus GRISON are called, are plantigrade, with a weasel-like body, short legs, and a long tail. They live in the hollows of trees, or cavities in rocks, or holes in the earth; in fact, in any kind of place that will afford them a refuge and shelter, and often keep in the neighborhood of houses or farm build- ings. In general appearance they are not unlike the Marten.
1OO. Grisoii. The Grisoiis.
T 3-3. p i-i . p 3-3. M 1-1 _ *-3=~3' UM' ^3=3' M-^-34-
Orison Oken, Lehrb. der Zool., n, 1816, p. 1000. Type Viverra
vittata Schreber.
Tayra Oken, Lehrb. der Zool., n, 1816, p. 1001. Laira F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. Mamm., v, 1826, livr. XLV. Galictis Bell Zool. Journ., n, 1826, p. 551. Galidictis I. Geoff., Mag. Zool., Mamm., 1839, p. 32. Galera Browne, Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica, 2d ed., 1789, p. 485,
Tab. 49, fig. i. Gray, List. Spec. Mamm. Brit. Mus., 1843,
p. 67. Grisonia Gray, Ann. Phil., xxvi, 1825, p. 339. Id. Proc. Zool.
Soc., 1865, p. 122.
Nose short, grooved; body long, limbs short; claws short, curved, acute, non-retractile; soles naked; head broad; tail moderately long, covered with long hairs ; thumb with long claw. Inner tubercle of upper carnassial near the middle of the inner border; talon and- inner cusp of lower carnassial small, sometimes absent.
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES. pAGE
A. Head and neck brown G. b. biologies 524
B. Head and neck grayish white G. b. senex 525
C. Face black; whites stripe from forehead to sides of neck.
a. Base of long hairs on back black G. allamandi 526
b. Base of long hairs on back gray G. canaster 526
A. Tayra.
Barbara biologies (Galictis), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th
Ser., v, 1900, p. 146. CALOVEVORA GRISON. Chulomuco, Tulomuco in Costa Rica.
Type locality. Calovevora, Veragua, Panama.
Geogr. Distr. Central America generally.
Genl. Char. Similar to G. barbara, but head darker.
GRISON.
52.">
FIG. 99. GRISON (TAYRA) BARBARA.
No. 5516 Coll. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. % nat. size.
Color. Like G. barbara in general hue, but head and neck brown, similar to the color of upper parts, into which the hue of the head gradually passes.
Measurements. Skull: total length, 98; width, 63; no other measurements given.
barbara senex (Galictis), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ;th Ser.,
v, 1900, p. 146.
barbara True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1884, p. 609. (Part.) GRAY-HEADED GRISON. Cabeza de Viejo in State of Vera Cruz.
526 GRISON.
Type locality. Hacienda Tortugas, Jalapa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Altitude, 600 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, southeastern Mexico? Known only from type locality.
Genl. Char. Size rather large.
Color. Head and neck grayish white; remainder of body black; white spot on breast; tail colored like body.
Measurements. Skull: basal length, 109; greatest breadth, 76.
B. Galictis.
501. allamandi (Galictis), Bell, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1837, p. 47. Id.
Trans. Zool. Soc., n, 1837, p. 204, pi. xxxvu. ALLAMAND'S GRISON.
Type locality. Unknown.
Color. "The base of the hairs on the back therefore is black, and the tips quite white, forming a pure blackish gray or black with white points and lines; whilst all the under parts of the throat and front of the belly are black. The fascia extending from the forehead back to the sides of the neck is also white. This fascia does not extend in the specimen described as in the former species. (G. vit- tata.) The hairs of the whole body are very short in comparison and much stiffer and more closely set. The animal is considerably larger (than G. vittata), and the tail for a stuffed specimen shorter in proportion." (Bell, 1. c.)
Measurements. None given.
502. canaster (Galictis), Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xiv, 1901,
p. 129. NELSON'S GRISON.
Type locality. Tunkas, State of Yucatan, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. From Orizaba, State of Puebla, to State of Yucatan.
Genl. Char. Body long, weasel-like; legs short; head broad; ears short, rounded; tail short.
Color. Face, feet, legs, and entire under parts black; pure white stripe across forehead extending over eyes and across cheeks and ears nearly to shoulders; rest of head grading from pure white into the smoky gray that covers entire upper parts ; long hairs of upper parts have a broad subterminal black band and white tip; tail probably like the back, but in the present specimen the dark hairs seem to have been worn away or shed, for only about an inch of their base is like the back, remaining portion being a uniform dark gray.
Measurements. Total length, 720; tail to end of hairs, 170; hind foot, 50 (dried skin). Skull: occipital region lacking; greatest
GRISON.
527
FIG. 100. GRISON IGALICTIS) CANASTER. No. 6420 Coll. Mus. Comp. Zool. Nat. size.
zygomatic width, 50; palatal length, 37; across postorbital processes, 26; median nasal length, 11.5; length of upper sectorial, alveolus
528
GRISON.
FIG. LXXIV. GRISON (GALICTIS) CANASTER. NELSON'S GRISON.
No. 6420 Mus. Comp. Zool. Coll.
outer side, 9; length of mandible, 47; height at condyle, 10; at coro- noid process, 23; length of lower tooth row, 23. (Specimen from Orizaba, Mexico, Coll. Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge, Mass.)
The genus PUTORIUS is a large one, and contains the true Weasels, Ferrets, and Mink, and is divided into several sections having sub- generic values. The largest number of species are included in the true Weasels here placed under the subgeneric term, Arctogale, the members of which living in boreal regions turn white in winter. Great difference is observable in size between males and females, the latter being very much smaller. The Arctic weasel is valued for its fur, which is the well-known ermine of commerce. The weasel is remarkable for its long, sinuous body and neck, flat serpentlike head, short legs, and a moderately long tail. It is wonderfully quick in its movements, and in the pursuit of its quarry is able to enter any hole or penetrate any underground gallery in which its prey may have sought refuge, the lithe, flexible body accommodating itself to all the twists and turns met with. Possessed of good sight, it follows a fleeing animal at full speed, but when its prey is lost to view it then tracks it by its keen scent, exhibiting all the tactics of the well- trained hound, doubling on its course and following every movement of the creature hunted, and when the track is momentarily lost, making wide circles in order to strike it again. In the chase of any animal the weasel is indefatigable, and few escape its relentless pur-
PUTORIUS. 529
suit. Weasels are fierce and bloodthirsty and destroy many more animals than they can possibly devour, merely to gratify their passion for killing. Rats and mice speedily disappear from a locality in which a weasel has taken up its abode, and in performing this service it confers a benefit on the farmer, and so makes some amends for the destruction it may commit among the poultry. This active creature seems ever in motion, and its course is marked by blood and rapine, as it investigates every hole and burrow, penetrating to the very extremity of the galleries and slaying all creatures it may meet that may not be too powerful for it to grapple with successfully ; and while on these forays an abundance of food does not restrain it or cause it to remain near a well-stocked larder, but its bloodthirsty proclivities impel it onward in search of more opportunities to kill. If the great cats were endowed in proportion to their size with an agility and physical power equal to that of this little murderer, it would be a doubtful question if even man could successfully cope with them in a struggle for the mastery. The weasel is not abundant in any locality, and it is a solitary animal, but a family usually passes the first summer together. It is mostly a nocturnal animal, rarely seen by day, and lives in crevices of the rocks, in hollow stumps or trees, and also in burrows underground, selecting those of rodents it has either destroyed or driven away. The average litter is about six, but at times this number is greatly exceeded. Anal glands are present in weasels which contain a fluid that can be ejected in a fine spray, and which is very offensive, only slightly less so than that of the skunk.
1O1. Putorius. Weasels.
T 3-3. p I-I- P 3~3- M I~I — I*
S-3' UM» ^-3=3' M-^-34.
O. Bangs. A Review of the Weasels of eastern North America, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1896, pp. 11-24.
C. H. Merriam. Synopsis of the Weasels of North America, N. Am. Faun., No. n, 1896, pp. 5-36.
Putorius Frisch, Nat. Syst. vierfuss. Thiere, in Tab. n, Tab. Gen.,
1775. Cuv., Regn. Anim., i, 1817, p. 147. Gray, List Spec.
Mamm., Brit. Mus., 1843, P- 64. Type Mustela putorius
Linnaeus. Arctogale Kaup, (nee Peters), Entw.-Gesch. Nat. Syst. der Europ.
Thierw., i, 1829, p. 30. Ictis Kaup, Entw.-Gesch. Nat. Syst. der Europ. Thierw., i, 1829,
p. 40.
->30 PUTORIUS.
Gale Wagn., Suppl. Schreb. Saugeth., Suppl., n, 1841, p. 234. Lutreola Wagn. Schreb. Saugeth. Suppl., n, 1841, p. 239. Vison Gray, List Spec. Mamm. Brit. Mus., 1843, p. 64. Neo'gale Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, p. 114. Cynomyonax (sic} Coues, Fur-bear. Anim., 1877, p. 147.
Size medium to smallest carnivorous mammal (P. rixosus) ; body very slender; legs short; tail long, bushy, or close-haired terminating in a pencil; ears large; soles haired; lower sectorial without inner cusp; antorbital foramen small; opening over last premolar; ros- trum short, vertically truncate; nasals widening from their base ante- riorly; bullae flat; zygomatic arch not usually elevated posteriorly.
FIG. 101. PUTORIUS FRENATUS.
No. 5462 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Nat. size.
A. Arctogale.
Body slender, attenuate; neck long; ears large; tail slender, terete; limbs short; toes separate. Skull: frontal profile arched; moderate interorbital constriction; postorbital processes slightly developed; pterygoids with or without hamular processes.
PUTORIUS. 531
KEY TO SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES IN SUMMER PELAGE.
A. Tail more than half as long as head and body; white streak between eyes.
a. White spot on forehead.
a/ Sagittal crest absent ; interorbital constric- tion slight ; audital bullae small and narrow. PAGE
a." Small P. tropicalis 531
b." Large P. t. perdus 531
b/ Sagittal crest present; interorbital con- striction considerable.
a." Audital bullae obliquely truncate an- teriorly.
a/" Under parts orange P. frenatus 532
b/" Under parts pale yellowish
ochre P. f. neomexicanus 533
b." Audital bullae narrow; under parts sal- mon P. /. goldmani 533
c." Audital bullae small, high on inner side;
under parts orange buff P. f. leucoparia 534
b. No white spot on forehead P. affinis 534
503. tropicalis (Putorius), Merr., N. Amer. Faun., No. n, 1896, p. 30. TROPICAL WEASEL.
Type locality. Jisco, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Altitude, 6,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, and along coast into Guatemala.
Genl. Char. Smaller and darker than P. frenatus; white mark- ings less and color paler on belly.
Color. Upper parts deep umber brown with a fulvous tinge; head, ears, and neck black; white band between eyes and ears, and patch between eyes; throat and fore feet ochraceous buff; belly and inner sides of thighs orange buff; inner side of hind feet and toes buffy; forehead and wrists yellow; tail with apical fourth black.
Measurements. Total length, 442; tail vertebrae, 175; hind foot, 50. Skull: basal length, 37.5; Hensel, 36.5; zygomatic width, 22.5; across postorbital processes, 12; interorbital width, 9; palatal length, 16; postpalatal length, 21.5.
a. — perdus (Putorius), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, p. 67. TEAPA WEASEL.
Type locality. Teapa, State of Tabasco, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality.
532
PUTORIUS.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. tropicalis, but larger.
Color. Upper parts dark, as in P. affinis, and completely cover- ing hind feet and lower legs, and upper and outer sides of fore legs and feet except a small irregular yellowish blotch on top of fore foot ; under parts orange fulvous, deeper and concentrated on belly and thighs, leaving throat and sides of neck white in contrast; facial white markings complete, the side stripe reaching above phase of eye, the patch between eyes large and broad (not restricted as in tropicalis} ; black cheek patches much larger and broader; no black spot under ear. (Merr., 1. c.)
Measurements. None given.
FIG. LXXV. PUTORIUS FRENATUS. BRIDLED WEASEL.
No. 5462 Field Columbian Mus. Coll.
504. frenatus (Mustela), Licht., Darst. Saugeth., 1832, pi. XLII.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 350.
BRIDLED WEASEL. Onza, also for the Jaguar, in Mexico; Comad- reja commonly in Spanish America.
Type locality. Valley of Mexico, near City of Mexico, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Mexico, north into Texas.
Genl, Char. Size large; tail long. Skull large and massive; bullag obliquely truncate anteriorly; postorbital constriction marked.
Color. Band between eye and ear, and patch between eyes white ; top of head from dark chestnut brown to black; rest of upper parts rich brown ; chin and throat whitish ; rest of under parts varying from
PUTORIUS. 533
ochraceous yellow to orange; inner sides of hind legs and hind feet, and the toes yellow or orange ; the color of the feet is almost always the same as that of the under parts; tail same color as back all around, with a short black tip.
Measurements. Total length, male, 455-505; tail vertebra?, 170- 203; hind foot, 45-53. Skull: basal length, 52.5; Hensel, 51; zygo- matic breadth, 33.5; mastoid width, 23.5; across postorbital pro- cesses, 13.5; interorbital width, 9.5; palatal length, 20.5; postpalatal length, 23*2.
a. — neoinexicanus (Putorius), Barb. & Cockrell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1898, p. 188. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901,
P- 35i- Rio GRANDE BRIDLED WEASEL.
Type locality. Shore of Armstrong Lake, Mesilla Valley, near the Rio Grande, Donna Ana County, New Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Probably northeastern Mexico to 200 miles north in the Rio Grande Valley, New Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. frenatus, but paler; white markings on the head more extensive; occipital condyles more produced behind.
Color. Head brownish black, a quadrangular patch between the eyes, joining broad bands between eyes and ears, creamy white, the bands grading into the color of the under parts; face speckled with whitish; small whitish mark behind ears; upper parts and limbs pale yellowish ochre; under parts similar but lighter; tail tinged with red- dish; tip black; feet pallid.
Measurements. Total length, 500; tail, 205; hind foot, 50. Skull: total length, 54; greatest breadth, 32; interorbital breadth, 14.5; foramen magnum to plane of last molar, 34.
b. — goldmani (Putorius), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. n, 1896, p. 28. GOLDMAN'S BRIDLED WEASEL.
Type locality. Pinabete, State of Chiapas, Mexico. Altitude, 8,200 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Chiapas, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. frenatus; tail and hind feet longer; upper parts darker; black on head and tail more extensive.
Color. Upper parts with fore and hind feet dark chestnut brown, washed with black from shoulders anteriorly grading into pure black on head; patch between eyes and narrow band between eye and ear white; black spot at angle of mouth; under parts salmon ochraceous, extending to wrists posteriorly ; apical third of tail black.
Measurements. Total length, 504; tail vertebrae, 201; hind foot, 58.
• 534 PUTORIUS.
c. — leucoparia (Putorius), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. n, 1896, p. 29. MICHOACAN BRIDLED WEASEL.
Type locality. Patzcuaro, State of Michoacan, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Michoacan, Mexico; range unknown.
GenL Char. Larger than P. frenatus, similar in color, black and white markings on head and face more extended.
Color. Upper parts dark brown; top and sides of head black; broad band of white between eyes and ears, and white spot between eyes; upper lip bordered with whitish; chin and throat buffy yellow; rest of under parts, fore feet, inner sides of hind legs and feet, and terminal half of hind feet buffy ochraceous; tail dark brown; tip black.
Measurements. Total length, 510; tail vertebrae, 201; hind foot, 53.
505. affinis (Mustela), Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th Ser., xiv,
1874, p. 375. ALLIED WEASEL. Collaraja in Costa Rica.
Type locality. Colombia.
Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica, south into South America.
Genl. Char. Size large, white streak on side of head in some examples. Frontal region of skull broad, and audital bullae flat.
Color. Head blackish brown, almost clear black, rest of upper parts and tail very rich dark chestnut brown; tip of tail black; chin and throat yellowish white ; rest of under parts and inner side of fore legs ochraceous orange; in some specimens a white streak in front of ear; in others there is no facial mark.
Measurements. Total length, 510; tail, 180; hind foot, 52 (skin).
Otters are mainly aquatic in their habits, and their food is fish, which they capture by swimming. In the water the Otter moves with ease, its action even graceful, and it dives instantaneously either to escape danger or to pursue its finny prey. The nest or sleep- ing place of this animal is formed of grass, and is usually placed among the roots of a tree, or in a hole in the bank of a stream, or in the hollow of a tree near water. As a digger the Otter is not famous, and its retreats are usually those formed by nature, or by some bur- rowing animal. Otters are playful creatures, and their chief amuse- ment is sliding. The highest place in the bank, or if in winter the topmost ridge of snow is selected, and lying on its stomach with the front legs laid backward, giving itself a push with the hind feet, it glides head-first down the declivity, and this is repeated many times,
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM.
PLATE LI, ZOOLOGY.
LUTRA ANNECTANS. No. 46 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. I nat. size.
LUTRIN^. LUTRA. 535
the animal after each descent scrambling awkwardly to the top for another plunge downward. Otters are eagerly sought by trappers, on account of their beautiful fur, which is very thick and of a rich color, and possesses good wearing qualities. It has been pursued, like all other fur-bearing animals, with such persistency and success, that in most localities it has become very scarce, and in others has disappeared entirely. North of Mexico a number of species and races are recognized at the present time, and how many exist south of the Mexican boundary is not definitely known.
Subfam. Lutrinee.
Body lengthened, supple; tail long, tapering, depressed, sides rounded; feet short, broad, palmate; digits distinct, center one the longest; claws small; head broad, muzzle short; soles and palms hairy: eyes and ears small.
1O2. Lutra. Otters.
Lutra Briss. Regn. Anim., n ed., 1762, p. 201. Type Mustela lutra
Linnaeus.
Lataxina Gray, List Spec. Mamm. Brit. Mus., 1843, PP- XXI» 7°- Lataxia Gerv., Hist. Nat. Mamm., n, 1855, p. 118. Upper molar large, quadrate; posterior upper premolar triangular.
Skull depressed, superior outline nearly straight; rostrum short; hind
portion of skull dilated; nostrils large; palate extending beyond
molars ; hamular processes to pterygoids.
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES.
A. Superior outline of skull straight; bullae flat-
tened; upper molar quadrate; no diastema be- PAGE
tween ist and 2d premolars .................. L. c. sonora 535
B. Superior outline of skull sloping anteriorly; bullae less flattened ; upper first molar extended transversely; diastema present between ist
and 2d lower premolars .................... L. annectens 536
caruidensis sonora (Lutra), Rhoads, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., N. S.,
1898, p. 431. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 353. MEXICAN OTTER.
Type locality. Montezuma Well, Beaver Creek, Yavapai County, Arizona.
Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, to Wyoming.
536
LUTRA.
FIG. LXXVI. LUTRA c. SONORA. MEXICAN OTTER.
Genl. Char. Size large; hind foot long. Postorbital processes of skull slender, attenuate; no diastema between ist and 2d premolars.
Color. Above dark brown, changing to pale grayish brown below, being whitish on under sides of head and neck ; the hairs on head and neck above tipped with yellowish brown.
Measurements. Total length, 1300; tail vertebrae, 472; ear, 15. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 88.6; greatest zygomatic width, 73.2; basal length of Hensel, 96; palatal length, 48.
506. annectens (Lutra), Forsyth-Major, Zool. Anzieger, xx, 1897,
p. 142. Id. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser.,xix, 1897, p. 618. CENTRAL AMERICAN OTTER. Nutria in Costa Rica.
Type locality. Rio de Tepic, Terrotorio de Tepic, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Premolars small, slender; diastema between first and second lower premolars; superior outline inclining downward anteriorly, not straight; bullae less flat than those of L. canadensis; inferior mandibular margin straight.
Color. Not given.
Measurements. Skull: basal length, 97.8; greatest breadth, 75.1; palatal length, 45.9-46.5.
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM.
PLATE Lll, ZOOLOGY.
LATAX LUTRIS.
No. 371 Field Columbian Mus. Coll.
nat. size.
LATAX. 537
1O3. La tax.
T £=3- f 1=1. p 3-3. \f '-' — 7-
i'2-2' U'I-I> ^'3-3' M'2-2 — 32'
Latax Gloger, Nov. Act. Phys. Med. Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol., xm, 1827, pt. 2, p. 511. Type Lutra marina Erxl. = Mustela lutris Linnaeus. Pusa Oken, Lehrb. Naturg., 1816, Th. in, 2te Abth., p. 986.
(nee Scopoli.) Enhydra Flem. Phil. Zool., n, 1822, p. 187. (nee Enhydris
Merrem. Rept.)
Only four incisors in lower jaw; molars massive, cusps rounded, smooth; upper molar and posterior upper premolar somewhat oval; anterior lower premolar largest of the lower teeth; skull similar to that of Lutra; hind feet larger, flat, fin-like; fifth toe longest, rest diminishing to the first; claws moderate; tail obtuse, one-fourth the length of head and body.
507. lutris (Mustela}, Linn., Syst. Nat. I, 1758, p. 45; i, 1766, p. 66. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 354.
marina Erxleb., Syst. Regn. Anim., 1777, p. 445.
orientalis Oken, Lehrb. Natur., in, 1816, p. 986.
stelleri Less., Man. Mamm., 1827, p. 156.
gracilis Fisch., Syn. Mamm., 1829, p. 229. SEA OTTER.
Type locality. "America Septentrionali."
Geogr. Distr. Coasts of Bering Sea and of the North Pacific Ocean, south to coasts of northern Lower California in the Kelp beds of San Tomas and San Quentin bays. Nearly extinct on American and Mexican shores.
Genl. Char. Hind feet very broad, webbed soles furry; fore feet very small, palms naked; tail flattish, smooth, one-fourth length of body; only four lower incisors.
Color. Adult: black, frosted with white-tipped hairs; head and neck grayish white or yellowish white.
Measurements. Total length about 1050; tail vertebrae, 330; hind foot, 150; width, 100. Skull: occipito-nasal length, in; Hensel, 109; zygomatic width, 98; width across postorbital processes, 48; inter- orbital constriction, 28; mastoid breadth, 96; length of nasals, anky- losed, about 20; palatal length, 56; length of braincase, 62; length of first upper molar, 7; width, u; length of first lower molar, 15; width 13; length of mandible, angle to alveoli of incisors, 75; height, angle to condyle, 2 1 ; angle to top of coronoid processes, 44.
Order viii. Pinnipedia. Sea-lions, Seals, etc.
J. A. Allen, History of North American Pinnipeds, U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv., 1880.
St. G. Mivart, Notes on the Pinnipedia, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1885.
The members of the PINNIPEDIA are constructed for a life in the water, although some species, like the Sea-bears and Sea-lions, are capable in emergencies of progressing on the land with considerable rapidity, but the majority are practically helpless when out of the water, and they progress on shore by a series of hitches affected by the action of the ventral muscles. Their feet are webbed, and the greater portion of their limbs is hidden within the skin. The body tapers towards both ends like that of a fish, and is covered with a thick coating of fat as a protection against cold, for most species of this Order are boreal in their habitats. The food of these animals is fish and other marine creatures, which they catch by swimming, or as in the case of crustaceans, are taken from rocks, or the bottom of the sea. While their lives are for the most part passed in the sea, they always come to the land to bring forth their young. Widely distributed, they are found in most of the seas of the Globe, and yet are not very numerous in species. Gregarious by nature, they often go in large herds, and certain of them, like the Fur Seal, are preyed upon by Cetaceans, Such as the various species of Orcas or Killer Whales, etc. Of their skins, that of the Fur Seal is most valuable, but the species is rapidly verging towards extinction. Certain of these aquatic animals are of enormous size, some, like the Walrus, weighing nearly a ton.
Fam. I. Otariidji'. Sea-lions.
Aquatic carnivora, with the limbs inclosed in the general tegu- ment beyond the knees and elbows. Five digits on each limb, the first and fifth of the hind limbs generally the longest and stoutest, those of the front limbs decreasing in size from first to fifth. Body and neck elongate; fore feet nearly as large as the hind feet, the latter capable of expansion, and with distinct claws on the three middle digits ; front feet without claws ; tail very short ; when walking hind feet are turned forward under the body, supporting it; ears external; interorbital constriction of skull great; facial portion short, rather broad; two central pairs of upper incisors with a transverse
538
OTARIIDJE. ZALOPHUS. 539
groove; postorbital processes developed; alisphenoid canal present; testes external in a scrotum.
The Sea-lions are among the largest of aquatic animals, a full- grown male being over thirteen feet in length, and with an average weight of one thousand pounds. They are generally found in large herds, sunning themselves, or sleeping on the rocks near the sea, into which they plunge when alarmed. The sound of their deep growling, or loud roars, is constantly vibrating among the rocky islands to which they are accustomed to resort, and betrays their presence to any one in the vicinity. Sea-lions are not courageous as a rule in the presence of man, and make the most violent efforts to escape if on land, but once in the water their curiosity overpowers to a great degree their fears, and they swim about, lifting themselves half out of water at times, in order to obtain a good look at the unwelcome intruder. They are valuable animals to the natives, who make waterproof clothing and various other articles from the skins, sinews, and intestines.
1O4. Zalophus. Sea-lion.
Zalophus Gill, Proc. Essex Instit., 1866, v, p. 7. Type Otaria gil- lespii McBain = Otaria californiana Lesson.
Neophoca Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xvm, 1866, p. 231.
Head rounded; nose narrow, pointed; eyes large; ears rather long, narrow, pointed; skin of feet extending beyond the nails, the margin lobed. Canines large, curved, acute; palate ends beyond the pterygoid processes, and is nearly flat, emarginate behind; posterior border of nasals extending beyond zygoma ; pterygoid processes hook- like; upper molar separated by a wide space from premolars. No space between molars.
508. californianus (Otaria), Less., Diet. Class. Hist. Nat., xm, 1828, p. 420. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 356.
gillespii M'Bain, Proc. Edinb. Roy Soc., i, 1858, p. 422. CALIFORNIA SEA-LION.
Type locality. California.
Geogr. Distr. From Coronados Islands and Tres Marias Islands, and coast of Lower California, Mexico, along Pacific coast, to Bay of San Francisco, California.
Gent. Char. Skull: facial portion elongate, slender; zygomatic breadth less than half the length of skull; postorbital processes long, narrow, and directed backward in old animals; molars usually closely approximate, sagittal and occipital crests highly developed.
540
ZALOPHUS.
FIG. LXXVII. ZALOPHUS CALIFORNIANUS. CALIFORNIA SEA-LION.
Color. This varies greatly among individuals and at different seasons, from yellow and brownish yellow, to reddish, and blackish brown; limbs blackish brown, as also the belly. After the coat is shed, the pelage is golden brown; whiskers yellowish white.
Measurements. Total length, male, 2160; to outstretched hind flippers, 2542; fore foot, 360; hind foot, 380; tail, no; ear, 35; longest whisker, 225. Female much smaller.
Q. „•
o ~
Q£
UJ ~
PHOCA. r,41
Fam. II. Phoeidte. Seal*.
Neck short; hind limbs useless for terrestrial progression; palms and soles of feet hairy; no external ear; testes abdominal, no scrotum; skull without postorbital processes, and no alisphenoid canal; audi- tory bullae inflated; five developed claws on each foot, those of hind feet subequal, the first and fifth not greatly exceeding the others in length, and not extending beyond the toes.
1O5. Phoc-u.
Phoca Linn., Syst. Nat., i, 1758, p. 37; i, 1766, p. 55. Type Phoca
ritnlina Linnaeus.
Pusa Scop., Intr. Hist. Nat., 1777, p. 490. (nee Oken.) Calocephalus F. Cuv., Diet. Scien. Nat., xxxix, 1826, p. 544. Stcmmatopus F. Cuv., Diet. Scien. Nat., xxxix, 1826, p. 550. Pagophilus Gray, Erebus & Terror, Zool. 1844, p. 3. Pagomys Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1864, p. 31. Erignathus Gill, Proc. Essex Inst., 1866, p. 5. Haliphilns Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xvn, 1866, p. 446.
Incisors simple, conical; molars, excepting the anterior one, two- rooted, and generally tri-lobed, and with accessory cusps; all feet with five strong, compressed slightly curved claws; first and second digits on fore feet subequal; facial portion of skull narrow, length- ened; interorbital constriction considerable.
FIG. LXXVIII. PHOCA RICHARDI. PACIFIC OCEAN SEAL.
542 PHOCA. MONACHUS.
richardi geronimensis Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1902, p. 495. SAN GERONIMO HAIR SEAL.
Type locality. San Geronimo Island, Lower California, Mexico, to Santa Barbara Island, California.
Geogr. Distr. Southern portion of the North Pacific Ocean; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Like P. richardi, but larger and with heavier denti- tion.
Color. Like P. richardi.
Measurements. Skull: basal length, 225; zygomatic breadth, 134; mastoid breadth, 131; palatal length, 95; width between molars, 46; interorbital constriction, 15; length of nasals, 57; greatest width of braincase, 96 ; upper tooth row, 43 ; lower tooth row, 44.
Two species only are known belonging to the next genus, one, the West Indian Seal, of the islands in the Gulf of Mexico and the Bahamas, and the other an inhabitant of the Mediterranean and adja- cent portions of the Atlantic Ocean. Formerly the West Indian Seal was found in many of the islands contained within the range of its distribution, but the same cause that has reduced the number of others of its relatives, who were dwellers of the sea, has also left but a comparatively few individuals to represent the species in our tropical waters, and it is probable that in a comparatively few years it will have entirely disappeared.
1O6. Monachus.
J 2-2. pl^l. p 4^. M *-' — ~ ?
l-2_2> ^•I_I' r-4-4> M-I-I — 32-
Monachus Flem., Phil. Zool., n, 1822, p. 187. Type Phocamona-
chus Hermann. Pelagios F. Cuv. Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, xi, 1824, p. 193, pi.
13, fig. 2, Id. Diet. Scien. Nat., xxxix, 1826, pp. 549-550. Pelagocyon Glog., Hand, u Hilfsb. Naturgesch., 1841, pp. xxxiv,
163.
Rigoon, Gistel, Naturg. Thiere., 1848, p. x. Heliophoca Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 2d Ser., xm, 1854, p. 201.
Muzzle elongate, depressed; nasals short; well developed nails on anterior digits, rudimentary on posterior; pelage short, stiff; palms and soles naked. Canines large: molars conical, lobes imper- fect; the three posterior molars two-rooted. Incisors notched trans- versely interiorly.
ta ' _i
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E '<->
O a
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM.
PLATE LVII, ZOOLOGY.
MONACHUS TROPICALIS. No. 102536 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. 1 nat. size.
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM.
PLATE LVIII, ZOOLOGY.
MONACHUS TROPICALIS. No. 102536 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. ? nat. size.
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM.
PLATE LIX, ZOOLOGY.
MONACHUS TROPICALIS. No. 102336 U S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Nearly 1A nat. size.
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM.
PLATE LX, ZOOLOGY.
ARCTOCEPHALUS TOWNSENDI. No. 83617 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. i nat. size.
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM.
PLATE LXI. ZOOLOGY.
ARCTOCEPHALUS TOWNSENDI. No. 83617 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. i nat. size.
O 72
O •
S ?
< #
MONACHUS. ARCTOCEPHALUS. r>4M
509. tropicalis (Phoca), Gray, Cat. Seals, Brit. Mus., 1850, p. 28. WEST INDIAN SEAL.
Type locality. Island of Jamaica.
Geogr. Distr. Formerly from islands off coast of Yucatan, Mexico, to Bay of Honduras and eastward to Jamaica, Cuba, Florida Keys and the Bahamas. At present found only on some Keys north of Cuba and on some scattered islands between Cuba and Yucatan.
Gcnl. Char. Whiskers long, flexible; pelage short, stiff; well developed nails on anterior digits; small on those of the pes; muzzle elongated, depressed; soles and palms naked.
Color. Above brown tinged with gray; sides lighter, grading into yellowish white on the under parts; edge of under lip, front and sides of muzzle yellowish white; limbs brown tinged with gray.
Measurements. Total length (nose to end of hind limbs), 2390; length of manus, 300; of pes, 320.
The Fur Seals are best known by the northern animals whose skin has such a high commercial value and whose rockeries or breeding places on the St. George and St. Paul islands of the Pribilof group, are familiar to so many. On a few places like the Guadalupe Island off the coast of Lower California, the Gallapagos Islands, and sundry others about the coasts of Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, a few members of the once great herds of the Southern Fur Seal may still remain, but they seem to be rapidly decreasing in numbers, and recent expeditions have failed to find any living individuals on some of the islands mentioned above, and have been able to bring back only skulls or parts of skeletons. Like other animals whose fur has a high commercial value, the prospect that these animals have for surviving the rapacity of man is but slight.
1O7. Arctocephalus. Sea-bears.
Arctocephalus F. Cuv., Dist. Scien. Nat., xxxix, 1826, p. 554.
Type Phoca twsina Linnaeus. Halarctus Gill, Proc. Essex Inst., v, 1866, p. 7. Arctophoca Peters, Monatsb. Preuss. Ak. Wiss. Berl., 1866, p.
276. Taf. n. A, B, C.
Euotaria Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xvm, 1866, p. 236. Gypsophoca Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3d Ser., xvin, 1866, p.
236. Skull : slender, with facial portion elongate.
544
ARCTOCEPHALUS.
FIG. LXXIX. GROUP OF FUR SEALS OR SEA-BEARS.
510. townsendi (Arctocephalus], Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1897,
p. 178. GUADALUPE FUR SEAL.
Type locality. Guadalupe Island, coast of Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Guadalupe and San Benito Islands, coast of Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Skull: palate narrow, excavated; bullse flat; ascend- ing arm of premaxilla short and thick; zygomatic root of maxilla expanded broadly. Upper molars double-rooted, posterior upper premolar incompletely double-rooted.
Color. Skull alone preserved.
Measurements. Basal length, 256; length of Hensel, 233; palatal length, 120; post-palatal length, 125; zygomatic breadth, 151; length of tooth row, 88; distance between canines, 22.5.
There are but two species known belonging to the next genus, the huge Sea-elephants of the islands off the coast of Upper and
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM.
PLATE LXIII, ZOOLOGY.
MlROUNGA ANGUSTIROSTRIS. No. 445 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. 1 nat. size.
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM.
PLATE LXIV, ZOOLOGY.
MlROUNGA ANGUSTIROSTRIS. No. 445 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. % nat. size.
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM.
PLATE LXV, ZOOLOGY.
MlROUNGA ANGUSTIROSTRIS. No. 44; Field Columbian Mus. Coll. % nat. size.
CYSTO •> MIROUNGA. 545
Lower California ai • °atagonia. They are enormous creatures rivaling the Walrus i mlk and stated to reach twenty-five to thirty feet in length. This great size, however, is found only in the animal from Heard 's Island near the Patagonian coast. Their circum- ference is said to reach eighteen feet. Probably the individual varia- tion among them is very great, and the females are much smaller than the males. The young and the females have no proboscis, but the males have one that in moments of excitement can be elongated to the extent of twenty inches or more. Formerly it is probable that these animals were quite numerous in the localities they fre- quented, but incessant slaughter has so reduced their numbers that the northern species is even now practically extinct, and the southern one has disappeared from some of its customary haunts. It is to be much regretted that man's insatiable greed is gradually extermi- nating the more valuable animals from the earth.
Subfam. I. Cystophorinse. 1O8. Miroimga.
Mirounga Gray, in Griff., Cuvier's Anim. King., v, 1827, p. 179.
(Part.) Type Phoca proboscidea Peron = Phoca leonina Linnaeus.
Macrorhinus F. Cuv., Diet. Scien. Nat., xxxix, 1826, p. 552.
(nee Latreille Coleopt. 1825.)
Rhinophoca Wagl., Nat. Syst. Amph., 1830, p. 27. Morunga Gray, List Ost. Spec. Brit. Mus., 1847, p. 33. Teeth small, one-rooted; hind feet without nails; nose of adult male elongated into a tubular proboscis capable of dilatation and extension; palate short, emarginate.
511. angustirostris (Macrorhinus}, Gill, Proc. Chicago Acad. Scien.,
1866, p. 33. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 359. ELEPHANT SEAL.
Type locality. St. Bartholomew's Bay, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Formerly from Cape Lazaro. Mexico, to Point Reyes, coast of California. Now practically extinct.
Genl. Char. Superior outline of skull irregularly arched from the lambdoidal suture to end of the nasals; snout of male lengthened, narrowed at end, widest behind last molar and equal to three and a half times the total length of skull; squamosal truncate above the meatus auditorius' •'•;•< * *", the posterior sinus semi-oval,
the bottom being mi:? jet ween the snout and the line
of the jugular fo ma- deeply incurved, line of molars
546
MIROUNGA.
FIG. LXXX. MIROUNGA ANGUSTIROSTRIS. SEA-ELEPHANT.
incurved; group of bristles over each eye; hind flippers emarginate, hairy, without nails.
Color. Light brown generally, becoming bluish after the hair is shed.
Measurements. Total length, male, 18-20 feet. Female, total length, 9 to 10 feet; length of posterior flippers, i foot to i foot 10 inches; fore flippers, i foot 2 inches to i foot 5 inches; tail, 2 feet 2% inches; tip of nose to corner of mouth, % inch. Skull: male; occipito-nasal length, 245; Hensel, 282; palatal length, 141; from anterior edge of intermaxillae to pterygoid hamuli, 205; greatest breadth of zygomata, 223; mastoid breadth, 182; length of nasals, 57; interorbital constriction, 40; greatest width of braincase, 50; length of lower jaw, 239 ; anterior edge of ramus to last molar, 82.
Order ix. Insectivora, The Insectivores.
G. E. Dobson, Monograph of the Inscctirora, 1882.
G. E. Dobson, Synopsis of the Soricidce, 1890.
C. H. Merriam, Rei'ision of the American Genera Blarina and Xotiosorcx and Synopsis of the American Shrews of the Genus Sorex. N. Am. Faun., No. 10, 1895.
G. S. Miller, The Long-tailed Shrews of the Eastern United States. N. Am. Faun., No. 10, 1895.
The Order Insectivora comprises a number of mammals mostly quite small, with the muzzle projecting considerably beyond the end of the lower jaw, the majority of which are terrestrial, some aquatic, and others arboreal, with one genus (Galeopithecus of the Malay Peninsula and islands of the eastern Archipelago), containing two species, that have the ability to voyage through the air for brief distances by means of a membrane stretched between the limbs and body and which bears them up like a parachute, after the manner of the Flying Squirrels. The Order is represented in the temperate portions of the Old and the New World save in South America and Australia, and with the exception of the members of one family, all are nocturnal. The exception is the Tupaiidae, containing the Tree-shrews, which, as their trivial name implies, are arboreal crea- tures, very like squirrels in appearance and in many of their ways, and there are instances where some of them mimic the general dress of a certain species of squirrel so closely, that it is impossible to distinguish one from the other unless on a near inspection. As indicated by the name bestowed upon these creatures, Insectivorous Mammals, they subsist upon insects mainly, though Potomogalc vclox from West Africa is admirably formed for an aquatic life, and is said to live on fish, while the chief diet of moles is earth worms. Fruits at times are also eaten by them, and flesh when they can get it. Glands giving forth a noxious odor exist in many of the species, and these probably are a means of protection. In American shrews these glands are placed usually on the sides of the body, but mem- bers of some of the foreign genera have anal pouches which discharge their secretion through ducts. While usually possessing a furry coat, some species of the Order are protected by spines, which like miniature quills of the Porcupine are short and pointed, and when danger ap- proaches the animal rolls itself into a ball leaving no soft part visible, the menacing spines standing out in all directions. The teeth are peculiar, and in numerous species the canines, incisors and nearest premolars
547
548 SORICIDJE. SORICIN^S.
are not especially differentiated, so that it is difficult to tell one from the other. The molars have numerous sharp cusps arranged in a V or W-shaped pattern, and the crowns may be either quad- rangular or triangular. The incisors are always four in the mandible and the innermost pair is often larger than the canines. The toes are furnished with claws, and are usually five on each foot, with the thumb and great toe not opposable to the other digits. The greater portion of the sole of the foot is placed upon the ground, and they never walk upon the toes. The upper surface of the brain is smooth, and the testes are situated near the kidneys and are not placed in a scrotum. Only three families of the Order come within the scope of this work, the SORICID^E or Shrews, TALPID^E or Moles, and the SOLENODONTID.E or Solenodons, of which last but two species are known, the curious Almiqui of Cuba, and the Agouta of Haiti.
The largest family of the Insectivora is the SORICID,E, which comprises over half the known species. The body is hairy, the nose is long and overhangs the mouth, and the animals are very mouse- like in appearance, while some of the species are among the smallest of the Mammalia. Shrews are very widely distributed in both Hemispheres, and possess a very uniform structure. These little animals live chiefly in the forests, and are also found in marshy places, sometimes in cultivated fields. They do not confine themselves by any means to an insectivorous diet, but devour worms, small birds, or any scraps of meat that fall in their way. Their own bodies are rejected as food by other quadrupeds, the secretions from their glands making them too offensive. American Shrews have been divided into several genera, two of which, NEOSOREX and ATOPHYRAX, contain species that are aquatic in their habits.
Fam. I. Soricidse. Shrews.
Skull: long, narrow; no zygomatic arches, nor postorbital pro- cesses; tympanic not forming a bulla. Upper molar cusps with pat- tern like a W ; first upper incisor large and hook-like with basal cusp on posterior border; no caecum; pubic arch closed; tibia and fibula united. Nose long, overhanging the mouth.
Subfam. I. Soricinse.
Summits of teeth colored red.
Sorex is the largest genus of the family, and is very numerously represented in North America, the species ranging from northern Alaska and Hudson Bay south into Mexico. Many of the named forms have a very close resemblance to each other, and probably too
SOREX.
549
many have been given even a subspecific rank. Increased knowledge and more familiarity with series of specimens will eventually correct whatever errors have been committed.
1O9. Sorex. Common Shrews.
Sorex Linn., Syst. Nat., i, 1758, p. 53; i, 1766, p. 73. Type Sorex
araneus Linnaeus. Anotus Wagn., Suppl. Schreib. Saugth., v, 1855, p. 550. (nee
Rafin., 1815, Rodentia.)
Ear conch well developed; tail long; inner side of canine and incisor without secondary cusps; braincase rather broad; mandible fragile; feet without fringe.
FIG. 102. SOREX GRINDS.
No. 10843 Field Columbian Mus. Enlarged 2% times. Tooth rows enlarged 7 times.
KEY TO SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES. A. Size small; total length, 105 mm. or less. PAGE
a. Beneath ashy gray 5. orizabce 550
b. Beneath drab S. oreopolus 550
c. Beneath chestnut 5. obscurus ventralis 550
d. Beneath seal brown.
a/ Rump dark sepia brown 5. salvini 551
550 SOREX.
PAGE
b.' Rump paler mixed brown and dusky 5. stizodon 551
e. Beneath dark gray or blackish S. orinus 553
B. Size large; total length, 118 mm. or over.
a. Hind foot 15 mm. or over.
a/ Beneath pale dusky brown; above black. . .5. vcr&pacis 551 b/ Beneath seal brown.
a." Above sepia and black S. macrodon 552
b." Above sepia brown tinged with chest- nut S. godmani 552
c." Above sepia brown and dusky 5. sclateri 552
b. Hind foot less than 15 mm.
a/ Beneath drab gray; tail 47 mm .S. saussurii 553
b/ Beneath seal brown; tail 57 mm 5. s. mutabilis 553
512. orizabae (Sorex), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 10, 1895, p. 71. MINUTE SHREW.
Type locality. Mount Orizaba, State of Puebla, Mexico. Alti- tude, 9,500 feet.
Geogr. Distr. Southern Mexico, States of Puebla, Tlaxcala, Vera Cruz, Mexico, and Michoacan.
Genl. Char. Size very small; belly pale color.
Color. Above sepia brown and dusky, darkest on hinder back; beneath ashy gray; tail brown above, whitish beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 103; tail vertebrae, 38; hind foot, 13.
513. oreopolus (Sorex), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vn, 1892, p. 173. LOFTY MOUNTAIN SHREW.
Type locality. North slope of the Sierra Nevada de Colima, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Altitude, 10,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to 5. obscurus, but tail shorter; colors darker.
Color. Above mixed sepia brown and dusky; beneath drab; tail above dusky, beneath whitish.
Measurements. Total length (average), 104.7; tail vertebrae, 36.3; hind foot, 13.7. (Merr., 1. c.)
obscurus ventralis (Sorex), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 10, 1895, p. 75. CHESTNUT-BELLIED SHREW.
Type locality. Cerro San Felipe, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Alti- tude, 10,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size small; tail short; similar to 5. obscurus. but darker ; molariform teeth larger.
SOREX.
551
FIG. LXXXI. SOREX o. VENTRALIS.
No. 8688 Field Columbian Mus. Coll.
Color. Upper parts mixed brown and dusky; under parts chest- nut; tail above dusky, beneath whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 104; tail vertebrae, 37; hind foot, 13.
514. salvini (Sorex), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xi, 1897, p. 229. SALVIN'S SHREW.
Type locality. Calel, Totonicapan, Guatemala. Altitude, 10,200 feet.
Genl. Char. Small; ears rather large; tail short; first and second unicuspids subequal.
Color. Above dark sepia brown, darkest on rump; beneath seal brown ; tail bicolor.
Measurements. Total length, 104; tail vertebras, 41; hind foot, 13-5-
515. stizodon (Sorex), Merr., N. Amer. Faun., No. 10, 1895, p. 98. SAN CHRISTOBAL SHREW.
Type locality. San Christobal, State of Chiapas, Mexico. Geogr. Distr. State of Chiapas, Mexico. Genl. Char. Similar to S. sauss^^rii, but smaller. Color. Above mixed sepia brown and dusky ; beneath seal brown ; tail above dusky, beneath pale.
Measurements. Total length, 105; tail vertebrae, 38; hind foot, 12.
516. veraepacis (Sorex), Alston, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, p. 445. GUATEMALAN SHREW.
Type locality. Coban, Guatemala.
552 SOREX.
Geogr. Distr. Guatemala, Central America.
Genl. Char. Ears moderate, thickly clothed; tail long, hairy; first upper incisor stout, with internal cusp; lower incisor with one prominent and one nearly obsolete internal cusp; second to fourth upper incisors diminishing in size; premolar very small; second and third upper molars with distinct cusp; lower premolar and molars with one inner and two outer cusps each.
Color. Uniform dark dusky brown, slightly paler beneath; tail and feet dusky; fur dark slate color at base.
Measurements. Total length, 140; tail, 50; hind foot, 12.
517. macrodon (Sorex), Merr., N. Amer. Faun., No. 10, 1895, P- 82. LARGE-TOOTHED SHREW.
Type locality. Orizaba, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Altitude, 4,200 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Like 5. caudatus; skull and teeth larger.
Color. Above mixed sepia and black; beneath seal brown; tail above blackish, beneath paler; feet blackish.
Measurements. Total length, 128; tail vertebrae, 52; hind foot, 15.5. Skull: total length, 20; width, 9.5.
518. godmani (Sorex), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xi, 1897, p. 229- GODMAN'S SHREW.
Type locality. Volcano Santa Maria, Quezaltenango, Guatemala. Altitude, 9,000 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to 5. stizodon, but larger, tail longer; second unicuspid not larger than the first; molariform teeth deeply exca- vated posteriorly.
Color. Above uniform sepia brown, tinged with chestnut ; beneath seal brown; tail dark, unicolor.
Measurements. Total length, 120; tail vertebrae, 57; hind foot, 15. Skull: total length, 18; width, 8.
519. sclateri (Sorex), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xi, 1897, p. 228. SCLATER'S SHREW.
Type locality. Tumbala, State of Chiapas, Mexico. Altitude, 5,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Chiapas, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size large; tail long; hind foot long. Skull large, long, and slender.
Color. Above mixed sepia brown and dusky, beneath seal brown; tail above dusky, beneath paler; feet dusky.
SOREX. 553
Measurements. Total length, 126; tail vertebrae, 52; hind foot, 1 6. Skull: total length, 20; width, 9.
520. saussurii (Sorex), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vn, 1892,
P- 173- SAUSSURE'S SHREW.
Type locality. North slope of the Sierra Nevada de Colima, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Altitude, 8,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size large; tail short. Skull large, rostrum high, swollen; third unicuspid smaller than fourth; palate narrow; post- palatal notch broad.
Color. Above mixed sepia brown and dusky ; beneath drab gray ; belly clouded; tail dark brown above, paler beneath.
Measurements. Total length (average), 118.5; tail vertebras, 47; hind foot, 14.5. (Merr., 1. c.)
a. — niutabilis (Sorex), Merr., Science, N. S., vin, 1898, p. 782.
caudatus (Sorex}, Merr., N. Amer. Faun., No. 10, 1895, P- 84.
(nee Hodgson, 1851.) CHANGEABLE SHREW.
Type locality. Reyes, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Altitude, 10,200 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz to that of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Like S. saussurii, but tail longer; third unicuspid slightly smaller than fourth.
Color. Above mixed sepia and black; beneath seal brown; tail and feet blackish, the former brownish beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 126; tail vertebrae, 57; hind foot,
14-5-
521. orinus (Sorex), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., in, 1903,
p. 172. Zoology. MOUNTAIN SHREW.
Type locality. Ajuaje de las Fresas, San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California, Mexico. Altitude, 6,000 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to 5. vagrans, but darker, without russet color and much darker under parts. Skull with shorter rostrum, flatter braincase, lower occipital region, and smaller teeth.
Color. Upper parts sepia, beneath dark gray or blackish; hands and feet whitish; ears sepia.
Measurements. Total length, 103; tail vertebrae, 43; hind foot, 12; ear, 6. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 15; Hensel, 14; interorbital constriction, 3; length of rostrum, 9.5; palatal length, 6.
554 NOTIOSOREX.
11O. Notiosorex.
1.3=3. c 1=1 p 1=1 M 3=2 = 28.
2—2' 0—0' I— I ' 3—3
Notiosorex Baird in Coues Notes Insect. Mamm., Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr., in, 1877, p. 646. Type Sorex crawfordi Coues. Third unicuspid half the size of second; all narrow at base, inner
side without secondary cusplet ; anterior teeth orange at tips ; molars
white; cranium flat, rounded on sides; tail short, not half as long as
head and body.
FIG. 103. NOTIOSOREX GIGAS. No. 88012 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Twice nat. size.
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES.
A. Size small. PAGE
a. Above olive gray; tail, 26 mm .............. N. crawfordi 554
b. Above plumbeous; tail short, 23 mm ......... N. c. evotis 555
B. Size large.
a. Above slate gray; beneath paler tinged with
brown; tail long, 45 mm ....................... N. gigas 555
522. crawfordi (Sorex), Coues, Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr.,
in, 1877, p. 651. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 385. CRAWFORD'S SHREW.
Type locality. Near Old Fort Bliss, two -miles above El Paso, El Paso Countv, Texas.
NOTIOSOREX. BLARINA. 555
Geogr. Distr. Eastern Texas to southern California, and on northern boundary line of Mexico at Monument 66. (Mearns.)
Gcnl. Char. Size small; ears large, conspicuous; hind feet and tail short; other characters same as those of the genus.
Color. Above olive gray, beneath whitish; tail bicolor, agreeing above and below with the hues of the body.
Measurements. Total length, 82; tail vertebrae, 26; hind foot, 10.5; ear, 6.5. Skull: total length to end of incisors, 17.3; greatest breadth, 8.
a. — evotis (Sorex), Coues, Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr.,
HI, 1877, p. 652. MAZATLAN SHREW.
Type locality. Mazatlan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Sinaloa, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Larger and darker than N. crawfordi.
Color. Above plumbeous; tip of hairs brownish; beneath whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 73 ; tail vertebras, 23 ; hind foot, 11.5.
523. gigas (Notiosorex), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xi, 1897, p. 227. GIANT SHREW.
Type locality. Mountains of Milpillas near San Sebastian, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Mountains of Milpillas, near San Sebastian, State of Jalisco, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Larger than N. crawfordi, tail longer. Skull : brain- case highly arched; teeth white throughout; molars crowded.
Color. Uniform slate gray above, paler beneath with a tinge of brown on the belly ; tail like dorsal and ventral portions of body.
Measurements. Total length, 128; tail vertebrae, 45; hind foot, 15. Skull: total length, 23; greatest breadth, 10.5.
The next genus contains the largest of the American Shrews whose habits are nowise aquatic, but the various members are not all built on the same generous plan, for some of the species are of moderate size, one, indeed, being very small.
111. Blarina. Shrews.
I-S. or & CS P-S; M.g = 32 or 30. Blarina Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1837, p. 124. Type Sorex talpoides
Gapper=S. brevicaudus Say. Brachysorex Duvern, Mag. Zool., 2me Se"r., iv, 1842, p. 37. PI. 52.
556
BLARINA.
Blaria Gray, List Spec. Mamm. Brit. Mus., 1843, p. xxi. Talposorex Pomel, Archiv. Scien. Phys. & Nat. Bibl. Univ. Geneve,
ix, 1848, p. 248. Cryptotis Pomel, Archiv. Scien. Phys. & Nat. Bibl. Univ. Geneve,
ix, 1848, p. 249. Galemys (nee Kaup) Pomel, Archiv. Scien. Phys. & Nat. Bibl.
Univ. Geneve, ix, 1848, p. 249. (Part.) Anotus Wagn., Supp. Schreb. Saugeth, 1855, p. 550. Soriciscus Cones, Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr., 1877, p.
649.
Ear conch truncate above; tail short; fourth upper incisor rudi- mentary or absent; first and second unicuspids largest, subequal; middle incisor with elongate basal lobe; braincase highest at lamb- doidal suture.
FIG. 104. BLARINA PERGRACILIS. TYPE.
No. 868g Field Columbian Mus. Enlarged 2'/£ times. Tooth rows enlarged 6 times.
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES. A. Size small, total length less than 100 mm. a. Tail less than half as long as the head and
body, a/ Above blackish olive brown, beneath pale PAGE
grayish brown B. pergracilis 557
b/ Above ash brown, beneath grayish B. b. berlandieri 558
c.' Above and beneath blackish B. nigrescens 558
BLARINA. 557
d/ Above cinnamon hair brown, beneath PAGE
ashy B. tropicalis 559
e/ Above dark plumbeous, beneath paler
tinged with brown B. obscura 559
b. Tail nearly half as long as the head and body.
a.' Above dark brown, beneath smoky gray. . .B. oreophila 559
b.' Above sooty black, beneath brownish B. soricina 560
B. Size medium, total length in mm., or less; hind foot 13 mm. or over.
a. Total length less than 107 mm., but over 100
mm. a ' Hind foot 13 mm.
a." Braincase highly elevated above ros- trum B. mexicana 560
b." Braincase slightly elevated above ros- trum B.m. goldmani 560
b/ Hind foot 15 mm.
a." Unicuspids without inner cusplets. . .B.m. peregrina 560 b." Unicuspids with inner cusplets.
a.'" Above sooty black, paler beneath. .B. m. machetes 561 b/" Above grizzled plumbeous, beneath
washed with ashy brown B. mayensis 561
b. Total length 107 mm., or over.
a/ Hind foot over 13 mm., but less than
1 5 mm B. nelsoni 56 1
b/ Hind foot 15 mm.
a." Large upper premolar with antero-
internal angle B. alticola 561
b." Large upper premolar without antero-
internal angle B. fossor
C. Size very large, total length over 130 mm B. magna
A. Cryptotis.
Teeth 30; unicuspids 4, never in two pairs, fourth smallest; basal lobe of middle incisor a rounded cusp; braincase highest anterior to lambdoidal suture; occipital plane arched.
524. pergracilis (Blarina), Elliot, Publ. Field Columb. Mus., in,
1903, p. 149. OCOTLAN SLENDER SHREW.
Type locality. Ocotlan, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Smallest of the genus. Skull: very slender, similar to that of B. b. berlandicri, but with the rostrum much narrower; molars smaller. Color verv different.
558
BLARINA.
FIG. LXXXII. BLARINA PERGRACILIS. OCOTLAN SLENDER SHREW.
No. 8689 Field Columbian Mus. Coll.
Color. Above blackish olive brown, beneath pale grayish brown.
Measurements. Total length, 81; tail vertebrae, 20; hind foot, 10. Skull: total length, 16; Hensel, 13; mastoid breadth, 7; palatal length, 6.
brevicauda berlandieri (Blarina), Baird, N. Amer. Mamm., 1857.
p. 53. Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 10, 1895, p. 20. BERLANDIER'S SHREW.
Type locality. Matamoros, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Tamaulipas, Mexico, north into Texas.
Genl. Char. Upper first and second molars but slightly concave behind. Very similar to B. parva.
Color. Above ash brown; beneath grayish.
Measurements. Total length, (average six specimens) 83; tail vertebrae, 19; hind foot, 12. Skull: greatest length to tip of incisors, 1 6. 8; greatest breadth, 7.8.
525. nigrescens (Blarina), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1895,
P- 339-
micrura, Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1893, p. 338. (nee
Thomas.) BLACK SHREW.
Type locality. San Isidro (San Jose,) Costa Rica.
Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality.
Genl. Char. Pelage coarse, long, dull; tail about one-third the length of the head and body, nearly naked.
Color. Above dusky plumbeous, in some lights black; lower sur- face not appreciably different; feet and tail blackish, nearly naked, the annulations of the latter being distinctly visible.
BLARINA. 559
Measurements. Total length, 87; tail vertebrae, 22; hind foot, 12. Skull: total length, 20; mastoid breadth, 9.5; length of nasals, 7; length of upper tooth row, 9 ; between outer edge of last molars, 6.3.
526. tropicalis (Blarina) , Merr., N. Amer. Faun., No. 10, 1895,
p. 21.
tropicalis (Corsira), Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, P- 79- Nomen nudum.
micrura Alston, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1877, p. 446. TROPICAL SHREW.
Type locality. Coban, Guatemala. Altitude, 4,400 feet.
Geogr. Distr. States of Vera Cruz and Oaxaca, Mexico, into Guatemala.
Genl. Char. Size very small ; tail less than half the length of head and body.
Color. Above cinereous hair brown, beneath ashy.
Measurements. Total length, 83; tail vertebrae, 23; hind foot, 11.4.
527. obscura (Blarina), Merr., N. Amer. Faun., No. 10, 1895, P- 23- DUSKY SHREW.
Type locality. Tulancingo, State of Hidalgo, Mexico. Altitude, 8,500 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Hidalgo, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Smaller and paler than B. mexicana; skull and teeth similar but smaller.
Color. Above dark plumbeous; beneath lighter tinged with brownish.
Measurements. Total length, 89; tail vertebras, 24; hind foot, 13.
528. oreophila.
orophila! (Blarina), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1895,
p. 340- VOLCANO OF IRAZU SHREW.
Type locality. Volcan de Irazii, Costa Rica, Central America.
Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality.
Genl. Char. Pelage soft, glossy; ears rudimentary; tail nearly half as long as the head and body. Similar to B. cinerea, but smaller.
Color. Above dark brown; sides paler; under parts smoke gray; tail dusky above, paler beneath; feet grayish brown.
Measurements. Total length, 76; tail vertebrae, 21; hind foot, ii. Skull: length of nasals, 5; upper tooth row, 8; distance between outer border of last molars, 5.5.
560 BLARINA.
529. soricina (Blarind), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 10, 1895, P- 22- TLALPAM SHREW.
Type locality. Tlalpam, Valley of Mexico, ten miles south of Mexico City. Altitude, 7,600 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Mexico ; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Similar to B. tropicalis, but darker; third unicuspid with chestnut-tipped cusplet on inner side; large upper premolar deeply excavated posteriorly.
Color. Above sooty black; beneath brownish.
Measurements. Total length, 88; tail vertebrae, 26.5; hind foot, 12.5.
530. mexicana (Blarina), Coues, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv.
Terr., in, 1877, p. 652. COUES' MEXICAN SHREW.
Type locality. Jalapa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. States of Vera Cruz and Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Medium size, dark coloration. Skull like that of B. carolinensis , but higher in occipital region and braincase; upper second molar with postero-internal lobe smaller than the antero- internal.
Color. Above sooty, back and rump darkest; beneath tinged with brownish; tail and feet blackish.
Measurements. Total length, (average) 99; tail vertebrae, 27; hind foot, 13.3.
a. — goldmani (Blarina), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 10, 1895, p. 25. GOLDMAN'S SHREW.
Type locality. Mountains near Chilpancingo, State of Guerrero, Mexico. Altitude, 10,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Guerrero, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to B. mexicana, but under parts paler; brain- case but slightly elevated above plane of rostrum.
Color. Above sooty plumbeous, rump darkest; beneath paler plumbeous.
Measurements. Total length, 100; tail vertebrae, 28; hind foot, 13.
b. — peregrina (Blarina), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 10, 1895, p. 24. WANDERING SHREW.
Type locality. Mountains 15 miles west of Oaxaca, Mexico. Alti- tude, 9,500 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to B. mexicana; postero-internal cusplet of the unicuspidate teeth nearly obsolete and without chestnut tip;
BLARINA. 561
second upper molar with postero-internal lobe larger than antero- internal.
Color. Above sooty black; beneath paler.
Measurements. Total length, 106; tail vertebrae, 31 ; hind foot, 15.
c. — machetes (Blarina), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 10, 1895, p. 26. WARRING SHREW.
Type locality. Mountains near Ozolotepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Altitude, 10,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to B. mexicana, but larger. Inner cusplet of unicuspids not chestnut-tipped; molars slightly varying from those of species named; large upper premolar longer, broader, and more excavated posteriorly, with antero-internal angle and cusp less devel- oped; molars larger and more concave behind.
Color. Above sooty black, paler beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 104 ; tail vertebras, 30.5 ; hind foot, 1 5 .
531. mayensis (Blarina), Meir., Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., in, 1901,
P- 559- MAYA SHREW.
Type locality. Maya ruin, Chichen Itza, Yucatan, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to B. mexicana, but color different and uni- cuspidate teeth larger and broader. "Molariform teeth large, not excavated anteriorly or posteriorly; first and second unicuspids large and swollen, and with inner tubercle obsolete."
Color. Above plumbeous, grizzled; beneath plumbeous, washed with ashy brown.
Measurements. Total length, 102; tail vertebrae, 29; hind foot, 13.
532. nelsoni (Blarina}, Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 10, 1895, p. 26. NELSON'S SHREW.
Type locality. Volcano of Tuxtla, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Altitude, 4,800 feet.
Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to B. mexicana, with comparative dental differences; inner cusplet of the unicuspids obsolete; upper molari- form teeth without posterior excavation.
Color. Uniform sooty brown.
Measurements. Total length, no; tail vertebrae, 31 ; hind foot, 14.
533. alticola (Blarina}, Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 10, 1895, p. 27. Mr. POPOCATEPETL SHREW.
Type locality. Mt. Popocatepetl, State of Mexico. Altitude, 11,500 feet.
562 BLARINA.
Geogr. Distr. State of Mexico, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size larger than B. mexicana; hind foot large; large upper premolar with well-developed antero-internal angle and cusp.
Color. Above sooty plumbeous graduating into a paler shade beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 107 ; tail vertebrae, 26; hind foot, 15.
534. fossor (Blarina), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 10, 1895, p. 28. MT. ZEMPOALTEPEC SHREW.
Type locality. Mt. Zempoaltepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Altitude, 10,500 feet.
Geogr. Distr. 8,200-10,500 feet altitude on Mt. Zempoaltepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to B. alticola, but larger; upper molars nar- row, the large upper premolars lacking the antero-internal angle, the tooth being narrow in front.
Color. Above sooty plumbeous; beneath paler and tinged with brown.
Measurements. Total length, 1 1 1 ; tail vertebrae, 29 ; hind foot, 15.
535. magna (Blarina}, Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 10, 1895, p. 28. GREAT SHREW.
Type locality. Totontepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Altitude, 6,800 feet.
Geogr. Distr. Mountains around Totontepec and Zempoaltepec, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Altitude, 6,800 to 8,000 feet.
Genl. Char. Largest of the subgenus ; tail scantily haired. Brain- case convex ; unicuspids narrow with small inner cusplet ; large upper premolar, short, broad; the antero-internal angle rounded.
Color. General color sooty brown, slightly paler underneath.
Measurements. Total length, 134; tail vertebrae, 42 ; hind foot, 17.
The next family comprises the Moles, which have strictly subter- raneous habits. Their underground dwelling-place is constructed with considerable skill and ingenuity and affords a convenient lair for rest or refuge. It has been described as a "central nest, placed under a hillock in some protected situation, as under a bank, or between the roots of trees. It is lined with dry grass or leaves, com- municates with the main run by four passages, of which only one joins it directly leading downward for a short distance and then ascending again. The other three are directed upward and com- municate at regular intervals with a circular gallery constructed in
TALPIDA.. 563
the upper part of the hillock, which in turn communicates by five passages leading downward and upward with a much larger gallery placed lower down on a level with the central nest, from which pas- sages proceed outward in different directions, only one communi- cating directly with the main run, while the other, curving round, either soon joins or ends blindly. The main run is somewhat wider than the animal's body; its walls are smooth and formed of closely compressed earth, the depth varying according to the nature of the soil, but ordinarily from four to six inches. From the main run numerous passages are formed on each side, along which the animal hunts its prey, throwing out the soil in the form known as mole-hills." Moles are admirably adapted for their underground life, the fore limbs being short and exceedingly muscular, and their broad, naked hands, with the palms directed outward, make a most effective "shovel" for digging a passage through the earth. The body is cov- ered with a short, dense, velvety fur, which almost entirely hides the eye; the head appears placed between the shoulders, and the ear has no conch. Moles are voracious feeders, and will eat almost any kind of flesh, although earthworms are their chief food. Vegetable matter they will not touch. Moles have from four to six young, the period of gestation being about six weeks. These animals are very pugna- cious, and should two happen to meet in one of their underground roads, one must seek refuge in the nearest alley entering that road, or the combat that must inevitably ensue, would prove fatal to the weaker individual. Moles seem to be always hungry, and they soon die if made to fast, and should two be confined in one cage without food for any length of time, the stronger would devour the weaker. These animals are distributed in both Hemispheres, chiefly in the northern portions, and in North America they have not been found south of Mexico. While a majority of the known species of the Family are terrestrial in their habits, a few species confined to the Old World are aquatic. However, even the common Mole will some- times venture into the water, for one was once seen paddling to a small island in the Loch of Cluny, Scotland, on which'there were mole hills. Moles commit much damage in gardens and fields, and fre- quently greatly disfigure well-kept lawns and ornamental grounds by the unsightly mounds they raise above their tunnels.
Fam. II. Tal pi die. Holes.
Body stout; neck apparently wanting; eyes minute; ears short, concealed in the fur; nostrils superior or lateral, sometimes terminal on the snout, and in one instance surrounded by a radiating fringe; limbs short, anterior the larger; manus broad and with powerful
564
TALPINjE.
SCAPANUS.
claws; tail short; tibia and fibula united; first and second lower incisors not projected horizontally forwards; zygomatic arch present.
Sub f am. I. Talpinse.
Clavicle and humerus very short and broad; manus with a large falciform bone.
Scapanus.
3-3. i-i
.
Scapanus Pomel, Archiv. Sci. Phys. Nat. Bibl. Univ. Geneve, ix, 1848, p. 247. Type Scalops townsendi Bachman.
Hand very broad, os falciforme large; palms presented outward; toes without webs; muzzle long; palate but slightly extended beyond last molar; first upper incisor large; internal basal cusps of molars narrow; bullae complete; nostrils superior; tail short, terete, scaly; hairs scanty.
FIG. 105. SCAPANUS ANTHONYI.
No. 4947 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. Enlarged Vt.
PROFILE UPPER TOOTH ROW FACE LOWER TOOTH ROW
Enlarged 3 times. Enlarged 3 times.
536. anthonyi (Scapanus), ]. A. Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
v, 1893, p. 200. LOWER CALIFORNIA MOLE.
Type locality. San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California, Mexico. Altitude, 7,000 feet.
SCAPANUS.
565
Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality.
Genl. Char. Smaller than 5. calij ornicus ; color darker.
Color. Almost uniform black.
Measurements. Length, 135; tail, 26. Skull: extreme length, 30; basilar length, 28.5; interorbital constriction, 7.6; greatest mastoid breadth, 15.3; lower jaw, incisive border to condyle, 22.4.
FIG. LXXXIII. SCAPANUS ANTHONYI. ANTHONY'S MOLE.
But two living species of the next Family are known, and there are no extinct forms that can be associated with them. These curious creatures are rather large animals, about the length of a big house rat, but heavier, with rather long legs and claws. The snout is very long, extending far beyond the mouth, and the tail is also elongated. There are no spines amid the fur, which is soft, and the colors are brownish black and white. The species do not seem to be numerously represented, as comparatively few individuals have been taken, and specimens are very rarely seen in collections. Little is known of their habits, but it is stated that they will attack poultry, and if pursued, imitate the Ostrich by hiding the head in the first hole they find, and fancy themselves concealed. This idea may have arisen from an individual trying to enter a hole too small for its body, and remained only partly hidden until captured. The Cuban species is found among the mountains in the interior of the island. Of the Haitian species still less is known. The shape of the molar teeth connect these animals with the Centetidae, of which the Tenrec, Centetes caudatus, may be considered the representative.
566
SOLENODONTID-ffi;.
Fam. III. Soleiiocloiitidre.
Tail long, naked; snout cylindrical, elongate; feet armed with sharp claws, those on fore feet longest. Skull without zygomatic arch or postorbital processes; tympanic not forming a bulla; slight constriction behind orbits; squamosals expanded outward and for- ward ; upper molars tritubercular ; first upper incisor enlarged ; second lower incisor hollowed internally; tibia and fibula distinct; mammae postinguinal.
FlG. 106. SOLENODON CUBANUS. No. 134 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Nat. size.
SOLENODON.
1 1 3. Soleiiodoii.
567
Solenodon Brandt, Mem. Acad. Imp. Scien., St. Petersb., 6th Ser ii, 1833, p. 459. Type Solenodon paradoxus Brandt.
Characters same as those of the Family.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Size large ; nose long, extending beyond mouth.
a. Forehead, cheeks, throat, and sides of neck PAGE yellowish white 5. cubanus 567
b. Forehead, sides of head, and neck yellowish
brown, mixed with gray and ferru gin ecus . . .5. paradoxus 568
FIG. LXXXIV. SOLENODON CUBANUS.
No. 134 Field Columbian Mus. Coll.
537. cubanus (Solenodon), Peters, Abh. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl.,
1863, p. 2, pi. in. ALMIQUI.
Type locality. Island of Cuba.
Geogr. Distr. Island of Cuba.
GenL Char. Nose long, extending beyond the mouth; tail long, scaly, naked.
Color. Forehead and stripe extending behind and beyond each ear, cheeks, throat and sides of neck yellowish white; top of head, upper parts and sides of body, outer side of arms and thighs jet black with numerous long white hairs scattered irregularly on sides and under parts, and extending beyond the others; under parts black with orange buff patches on lower part of chest and on the abdomen ; inner side and top of arms from elbows, and legs from ankles sparsely
568 SOLENODON.
covered with short black hairs; nails white, very long on the ringers; fingers and toes blackish brown, nearly naked; tail naked; black; ears naked, black; under lip and end of nose naked.
Measurements. Total length, about 555; tail vertebrae, 190; hind foot, 70 (mounted specimen). Skull: occipito-nasal length, 77; Hensel, 66; mastoid breadth, 28; interorbital constriction, 14; median length of nasals, 19; palatal length, 37; postpalatal length, 28; length of upper tooth row, internal border, 32 ; length of mandible, incisive border to angle, 54; height at condyle, 12; at coronoid pro- cess, 23 ; lower tooth row, outer border, 28.
538. paradoxus (Solendon), Brandt, Mem. Acad. Imp. Scien. St.
Petersb., n, 1833, p. 459, pis. i, 2. AGOUTA.
Type locality. Island of Haiti.
Geogr. Distr. Island of Haiti.
Genl. Char. Nose long, naked; nostrils with crescentic apertures, inferior surface traversed by a medium longitudinal groove as far as incisors; ears rounded, broad as high; tail shorter than head and body, scaly, with minute hairs between scales ; claws strong. Mammas two, inguinal.
Color. Top of nose, forehead, top of head, back of neck and upper part of back brownish black; rest of back, blackish brown; side of head and neck pale yellowish brown mixed with gray and fer- rugineous; abdomen and feet pale yellowish brown; tail scaly, gray with the tip whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 520.7; tail vertebras, 228.6; hind foot, 60.9; ear, 38.1.
Order X. Chiroptera, Bats,
H. Allen, A Monograph of the Bats of North America, 1864, 2d ed. 1893, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., Wash. No. 43.
G. E. Dobson, Catalogue of the Chiroptera in the British Museum, 1878.
G. S. Miller, Revision of North American Bats of the Family Ves- pertilionida, North American Fauna, 1897, No. 13.
The Order CHIROPTERA contains those mammals whose structure has been so modified as to permit of extended aerial progression. The fingers are greatly elongate, and between them is spread a delicate sensitive membrane, extending to the legs, and this consti- tutes the wing. The legs are weak, but the arms are greatly devel- oped, while the chest muscles, lungs and heart are very capacious. The ribs are flat and placed close together. Bats are nearly helpless when upon the ground and the most skillful among them at terrestrial progression can only shuffle along, and they rarely alight upon the earth voluntarily. Odoriferous glands are found in many species, exuding a secretion that is very powerful and repelling, and which acts either as a means of protection against predatory animals, or to bring sexes together during the rutting season in the dark caves in which they usually take up their abode. In many species a mem- brane stretches between the hind limbs enclosing the tail, which enables the animals to move and turn with great rapidity, this broad, rudder-like contrivance acting as a lever in their flight. These bats are insectivorous, and belong to the Family VESPERTILIONID^E, and with them rapid movements are necessary to enable them to pursue successfully the flying insects upon which they live. Fruit-eating bats do not require this arrangement, as their food is stationary. Bats are divided into two groups, MEGACHIROPTERA and MICROCHI- ROPTERA, fruit-eating and insect-eating (sometimes blood-sucking) bats. With the first of these groups this work has nothing to do. In many bats, foliaceous cutaneous expansions exist about the nos- trils, these often taking extraordinary shapes, and occasionally with erect portions of considerable height and width. These are known as "nose-leaf" bats, and their physiognomy is the most outre" and bizarre of all the members of this Order. These apparently eccen- tric and useless structures are, on the contrary, of considerable impor- tance to their possessors, for they are exceedingly sensitive and act
MM
570 VESPERTILIONID.E. VESPERTILIONIN^E. MYOTIS.
as a superior organ of touch, notifying their owner by the vibration of the waves of air, of the approach of any object. Bats are sociable and gregarious, and frequently many hundreds are found hanging in clusters from the roof of some cave or other hidden retreat. Unless it is the rutting season, these will be found to be all of one sex; for males and females do not keep together as a rule unless during the breeding period.
Insect-eating bats are divided into numerous families and genera. Of the former, the VESPERTILIONID^; contains the most species, none of which possess the nose-leaf. This family is usually divided into five groups named respectively the PLECOTINE, ANTROZOINE, VES-
PERTILIONINE, MlNIOPTERINE, and THYROPTERINE, the last tWO of
which have no members within the limits of the territory covered by the present work, as the MINIOPTERINE belong to the eastern Hemi- sphere and the THYROPTERINE to Brazil and the island of Madagascar.
Fam. I. Yespertilioiiidae. Common Bats.
"Bats with turbinal bones folded; bony palate defective ante- riorly owing to the absence of palatal processes to the premaxillae; molars with promiscuous W-shaped cusps; tail included nearly to tip in large interfemoral membrane; muzzle and nostrils variable, but former never provided with distinct nose-leaf.' ' (Miller.)
The first subfamily, the VESPERTILIONINE division of the bats, contains the vast majority of the species known to belong to the family. They are generally of small size, with inconspicuous ears, and have simple nostrils entirely without any indication of a nose- leaf. They are the common bats of the New World.
Subfam. I. Vespertilioninae. 114. Myotis. Slender, Long-tailed Bats.
T 2-2. p I-I. p 3-3. AT 3^3 _ -O
i'3=3' UM' *$=¥ M-3-3~35-
Myotis Kaup, Skizzirte Entw.-Gesch. u. Naturl. Syst. d. Europ.
Thierw., i, 1829, p. 106. Type V. murinus Schreber = V>s-
pertilio myotis Bechstein. Nystactes Kaup, Skizzerte Entw.-Gesch. u. Naturl. Syst. d.
Europ. Thierw., i, 1829, p. 108. Vespertilio Keyserl & Bias., (nee Linn.), Wiegm., Archiv. f.
Naturg., 1839, p. 306. Selysius Bonp., Icon. Faun, Ital., 1841, Introd., p. 3.
MYOTIS.
571
Brachyotus Kolen., Allgem. Deutsch. Naturg. Zeitg. Dresden,
neue Folge, n, 1856, pp. 131-174. Isotus Kolen., Allgem. Deutsch. Naturg. Zeitg. Dresden, neue
Folge, n, 1856, pp. 131, 174-177. ALorestes Fitzing., Sitzungber, Math. Nat. Cl. K. Akad. Wiss.
Wien, LXII, 1870, abth. i, p. 427. Comastes Fitzing., Sitzungber. Math. Nat. Cl. K. Akad. Wiss.
Wien, LXII, 1870, abth. i, p. 565.
Form slender; tail long; face hairy; ears narrow; tragus, tapering, straight, or recurved; dental formula characteristic.
FIG. 107. MYOTIS NIGRICANS.
No. 105644 Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.
Skull enlarged 3 times. Nose view enlarged q times.
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES.
A. Free border of uropatagium conspicuously PAGE fringed M. thysanodes 572
B. Free border of uropatagium not conspicuously fringed.
a. Forearm more than 40 mm.
a/ Ear over 15 mm M. velijcr 573
b. Forearm not less than 33 or more than 40 mm. a.' Ear from meatus over ism.
a." Back hair brown, belly Isabella. .. .M. peninsularis 573
672 MYOTIS.
PAGE
b." General color yellowish brown M. evotis 574
c." Upper parts brown, flanks ashy M. vivesi 574
d." Upper parts pinkish buff M. milleri 575
e." Back above brown, belly pale broccoli
brown; size, medium large M. nigricans 575
I." Back very dark brown; size, very
small M. chiriquensis 576
g." Back Prout's brown, belly burnt um- ber M. dominicensis 576
h." General color pale wood brown M. yumanensis 576
i." Back dark yellowish brown, belly isa-
bella M. y. saturatus 577
c. Forearm not over 36 mm. a/ Tibia 1 5 mm. or under.
a." Above dark wood brown M. orinomus 577
b." General hue yellowish brown M. californicus 578
c." General hue brown, belly gray M. c. jaliscensis 579
d." Back yellowish brown, belly paler. .M. c. mexicanus 579
e." Above light ochraceous buff, or
brownish cream buff M. c. pallidus 579
f." Above pale fawn brown M. c. duranga 579
b/ Tibia over 15 mm.
a/7 General color light brown; ear slender. M. subulatus 580
b.77 Back dull brown, belly yellowish; ear broad.
a/77 Forearm 36-38 mm M. lucifugus 580
b.7// Forearm 38-40 mm M. /. longicrus 581
539. thysanodes (Myotis), Miller, N. Am. Faun., No. 13, 1897, p. 80. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 406.
albescens evotis and albescens velifer, H. Allen, Mon. N. A. Bats,
1893, pp. 90.93- FRINGED BAT.
Type locality. Old Fort Tejon, in mountains south of Kern Lake, Kern County, California.
Geogr. Distr. State of Michoacan, Mexico, north to Southern California.
Genl. Char. Size large. Calcar thick and distinct, usually ter- minating in a well-marked pointed projection; free border of uropa- tagium thickened and densely haired; ears moderately long; laid for- ward they reach 3 to 5 mm. beyond nostrils; wings from point between ankle and base of toes, but nearer latter.
Color. Everywhere light dull yellowish brown, distinctly paler
MYOTIS. 573
ventrally, the hairs everywhere dusky slate at base. The palest specimens are yellowish wood brown inclining to clay color; the darkest specimens dull raw umber. The belly varies from clear gray scarcely tinged with yellow to a strong yellowish gray, and in other specimens to dull brownish gray. (Miller, 1. c.)
Measurements. Average of n specimens from Old Fort Tejon gives total length, 85-95; tail vertebrae, 36-37; tibia, 16.4-18; foot, 8-8.9; forearm, 40—46; thumb, 6-6.7; longest finger, 69-73.6; ear from meatus, 17.6-18.5; width of ear, 11.8-12.2; tragus, 10.5-11. (Miller.) Skull: greatest length, 16.5; occipito-nasal length, 14.5; zygomatic width, 8.5; breadth of braincase, 7.6; greatest width of rostrum, 5.5; length of mandible, 11.5; length of upper molar series, 4.5; of lower molar series, 5.5.
540. *velifer (Vespertilio), J. A. Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
1890, p. 177. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 401. LARGE-WINGED BAT.
Type locality. Santa Cruz del Valle, near Guadalajara, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. From State of Mexico north throughout Mexico to Missouri.
Genl. Char. Size large; calcar slender, lobe not well developed; free border of uropatagium naked; ears short, reaching tip of nose; wings from metatarsus. Skull: strong and heavily built, but not larger than M. thysanodes ; greatest length, 16-16.4; zygomatic breadth, 10-11; interorbital constriction, 4-4.2; width of rostrum at anterior root of first upper molar, 6-6.2 ; length of mandible, 12-13.
Color. Fur is dull sepia throughout, paler on the belly, dusky slate at base; belly usually dull broccoli brown, sometimes mixed with yellow, and then is a nearly isabella color.
Measurements. Total length, 99-105; tail, 44.8; tibia, 18.5; foot, 9.5; forearm, 40-47; thumb, 7.2; longest finger, 73.4; ear from meatus, 16; width of ear, 10.6; tragus, 9. (Miller, N. Am. Faun., No. 13.) Skull: total length, 16; basilar length, 14; greatest width, 10.5; length of mandible, border of incisors to condyle, 13.
541. peninsularis (Myotis), Miller, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser.,
ii, 1898, p. 124. LOWER CALIFORNIA BAT.
Type locality. San Jose" del Cabo, Lower California, Mexico.
* V. albescens, Auct., has been attributed to M. veltfer, but the real albescens. Geoff., Aim. Mus. Hist. Nat., vm, 1805, p. 204, is a South American Bat, and does not pass north of the Isthmus of Panama.
574 MYOTIS.
Geogr. Distr. Cape Region of Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Skull and teeth are those of M. velifer; tail short.
Color. There are two phases of coloration: one is a general hue of wood brown, lower parts paler; the other is hair brown, lower parts isabella color.
Measurements. Total length, 91; tail, 34; forearm, 39; longest finger, metacarpal, 61; tibia, 14.6; foot, 10; ear from meatus, 15. Skull: greatest length, 15; zygomatic breadth, 10; interorbital con- striction, 3.8; width of rostrum at anterior root of first molar, 6; length of mandible, n.8; length of upper molar series, 6.4; of lower molar series, 8.
542. evotis (Vespertilio}, H. Allen, Mon. N. Amer. Bats, 1864, p. 48.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 406.
chrysonotis J. A. Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1896, p. 240. PROMINENT-EARED BAT.
Type locality. Not given; possibly Monterey, Monterey County, California.
Geogr. Distr. State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, north and west to Pacific coast of the United States.
Genl. Char. Size large ; calcar longer than free border of uropata- gium, and a lobule at tip; ears reaching beyond tip of nose; wing membrane from base of foot.
Color. Light yellowish brown, hairs dusky slate at base; ventral surface paler. Color among individuals varies considerably.
Measurements. Total length, 85-92; tail vertebrae, 41-43; tibia, 17.6-20; foot, 7-9; thumb, 6-8; forearm, 36.6-40.4; longest finger, 62-67; ear from meatus, 19.4-23; width of ear, 11.8-14.6; tragus, 10.8-13.
543. vivesi (Myotis}, Menegaux, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. ..Paris, 1901,
P- 323- CARDONAL ISLAND BAT.
Type locality. Cardonal Island, Archipelago of Salsi Puedes, off east coast of Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Ears very long, reaching beyond nostrils by 5 mm. ; feet large, with large sharp claws; calcaneum without lobe. Skull has the braincase subcircular; occiput elevated.
Color. Upper parts brown; flanks ashy; under parts whitish; wing membranes blackish brown.
Measurements. Total length, 138-142; tail, 70; tibia, 25; foot with claws, 22; calcaneum, 22; forearm, 59-60; thumb with nail, 9; third finger, 118-120; ear from base of tragus, 23 ; tragus, 12.
MYOTIS.
575
544. milleri (Myotis), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., in, 1903,
p. 172. Zoology. MILLER'S BAT.
Type locality. La Grulla, San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California, Mexico. Altitude 8,000 feet.
Genl. Char. Fur long; calcar like that of M. cvotis; ears very large, pointed at tip; wings from base of foot; color very pale. Skull with forehead rising gradually from rostrum; occiput rounded; ros- trum broad; no occipital crest.
Color. Upper parts broccoli brown, with a tinge of russet; under parts whitish or creamy white, the base of all the body hairs being blackish; ears black with a purple shade; sides of face pale brown; wings and interfemoral membrane purplish black; feet black.
Measurements. Total length, 87 ; tail vertebrae, 43 ; tibia, 21 ; foot, 9; ear from meatus, 19; width of ear, 10.5; tragus, 9; forearm, 32; thumb, 5.2; longest finger, first phalanx, 27; second phalanx, 12; third phalanx, 10; fourth phalanx, 6. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 14; Hensel, n; zygomatic width, 8; interorbital constriction, 4; width of rostrum, 5; width of braincase, 6.5; palatal length, 6; length of upper tooth row, alveolar border, 4.
FIG. LXXXV. MYOTIS NIGRICANS.
No. 105644 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll 3i times nat. size.
545. nigricans (Ves.pcrtilio), Max., Beitr. Natur. Bras., n, 1826, p. 266.
fconcinna H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1866, p. 280. GRIZZLED BROWN BAT.
Type locality. Fazenda de Aga, near the Iritiba River, south- eastern Brazil.
Geogr. Distr. Tres Marias Islands, State of Jalisco, Mexico, south to Columbia and Brazil, West Indies.
576 MYOTIS.
Genl. Char. Similar to M. calif or nicus; foot larger, ear smaller.
Color. Above clove brown; beneath light broccoli brown.
Measurements. Total length, 68.5 ; tail vertebrae, 38.1 ; tibia, 13.9 ; foot, 7.1; forearm, 34.2; thumb, 5; longest ringer, 58.5; ear from meatus, 13.9; width of ear, 8.6; tragus, 7.6. Skull: occipito-nasal length, ii ; zygomatic width, 5; width of braincase, 6; width of ros- trum, 3.5; interorbital constriction, 3; length of mandible, 9; length of upper molar series, 3.5 ; of lower molar series, 4.
546. chiriquensis (Myotis), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1904,
P- 77- CHIRIQUI BAT.
Type locality. Boqueron, Chiriqui, Panama.
Genl. Char. Size very small; pelage thick, soft, short; wing from base of toes; uropatagium naked above, slightly hairy at extreme base below; ears medium, rather pointed, deeply incised on outer border.
Color. Above very dark brown, paler beneath; basal two-thirds of face plumbeous; beneath surface blackish; ears and membrane dark brown.
Measurements. Total length, 73; tail vertebrae, 30; tibia, 11.5; foot, 6.5; forearm, 26; thumb, 4; third finger, metacarpal, 31; ear from meatus, 10; tragus, 5. Skull: total length, 13.6; mastoid breadth, 6.5.
547. dominicensis (Myotis), Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902,
p. 243. DOMINICAN COMMON BAT.
Type locality. Island of Dominica.
Genl. Char. Similar to M. nigricans, but smaller; facial line of skull more abruptly elevated above level of rostrum.
Color. Above uniform Prout's brown; beneath tinged with burnt umber; hairs on back blackish at base; those of under parts slaty black on proximal half. (Alcoholic specimen.)
Measurements. Total length, 63; tail vertebras, 27; tibia, 12.4; foot, 7; forearm, 32.4; first digit, 6.4; second digit, 28; third digit, 48; fourth digit, 4; fifth digit, 37; ear from meatus, n; from crown, 8; width of ear, 6. Skull: greatest length, 12.4; basal length, 11.2; basilar length, 9.4; zygomatic breadth, 7.2; interorbital constriction, 3; mandible, 8.8; maxillary tooth row, exclusive of incisors, 5; mandibular tooth row, 5. (Miller, 1. c.)
548. yumanensis (Vespertilio), H. Allen, Mon. N. Am. Bats, 1864,
p. 58. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 403.
MYOTIS. 577
FORT YUMA BAT.
Type locality. Old Fort Yuma, San Diego County, California.
Geogr. Distr. State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico, into southwestern United States.
Genl. Char. Size small; calcar distinct, considerably longer than free border of interfemoral membrane, terminating in a well-marked lobule; free border of uropatagium naked; ears moderate; wings from base of toes, but on account of extent of web between toes appar- ently from side of metatarsus; feet very large and strong as com- pared with other small American species. (Miller.)
Color. Above pale wood brown, beneath dirty whitish; fur light plumbeous at base; ears and membranes light brown; white edges on wings and uropatagium.
Measurements. Total length, 70.2-83.7; tail vertebrae, 34.9-36.7; tibia, 14.1—15.7; foot, 7.9-8.8; forearm, 33.9-34.4; thumb, 5.2-6.5; longest finger, 55.5—57.8; ear from meatus, 14-14.4; width of ear, 8.2-9.1; tragus, 7-7.6.
a. — saturatus (Myotis), Miller, N. Am. Faun., No. 13, 1897, p. 68.
Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 403. DARK YUMA BAT.
Type locality. Hamilton, Skagit County, Washington.
Geogr. Distr. State of Michoacan, Mexico, north to Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia.
Genl. Char. Similar to M. yumanensis, but darker.
Color. Above dark yellowish brown; belly isabella color; chin, throat, and sides darker than belly; fur everywhere deep blackish plumbeous at base; ears and membranes blackish.
Measurements. Total length, 77-82.3; tail vertebrae, 30-36.5; tibia, 14-15; foot, 8.3-8.6; forearm, 33-35.3; longest finger, 57-59.3; ear from meatus, 14.3; width of ear, 8.9; tragus, 7. Skull: occipito- nasal length, 12; total length, 13; Hensel, 10; zygomatic width, 7.5; interorbital constriction, 4.5; palatal length, 6.5; length of upper molar series, 3 ; length of mandible, angle to symphysis, 9 ; length of lower molar series, 4.5.
549. orinomus (Myotis), Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., in, 1903,
p. 228. LA GRULLA BROWN BAT.
Type locality. La Grulla, San Pedro Martir Mountains; 8,000 feet elevation.
Genl. Char. Similar to M. calif ornicus, but larger; color paler; ear larger. Skull larger; braincase flatter, less elevated above ros-
578 MYOTIS.
trum; interorbital constriction greater; rostrum longer; palate nar- rower; molars larger; coronoid process much higher above angle of mandible; tragus long, slender, pointed.
Color. Above dark wood brown, beneath very pale broccoli brown; ears, feet, and membranes black.
Measurements. Total length, 88; tail, 40; foot, 7; ear, 14; width of ear, 10 (Collr. Measrts.); forearm — ? bones of both arms incomplete; longest finger, 60; thumb and claw, 5; tibia, 15; tragus, 7 (dried skin). Skull: occipito-nasal length, 13; Hensel, n; zygomatic width, 8.5 ; width of braincase, 7 ; height of braincase at bullae, 4.5 ; length of rostrum, 6; palatal length, 6; width across middle molar from outer edge, 5; length of upper molar series, 3.5; length of mandible, 9.5; height at coronoid process from angle, 4.5; length of lower molar series, 3.5.
550. californicus (Vespertilio], Aud. & Bach., Journ. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1842, p. 285. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901,
P- 403-
nitidus H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1862, p. 247.
oregonensis H. Allen, Mon. N. Am. Bats, 1864, p. 61.
obscurus H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1866, p. 281.
volans H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1866, p. 282.
exilis H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1866, p. 283.
tenuidorsalis H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1866, p. 283.
yumanensis H. Allen (nee H. Allen, 1864), Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1866, p. 283.
melanorhinus Merriam, N. Am. Faun., No. 3, 1890, p. 46.
henshawi H. Allen, Mon. N. Am. Bats, 1893, p. 103.
nigricans H. Allen (nee Max.), Mon. N. Am. Bats, 1893, p. 97.
(note.) LITTLE CALIFORNIA BAT.
Type locality. California.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California and State of Chihuahua, Mexico, Texas, and Wyoming.
Genl. Char. Size very small. Calcar very slender, lobule at tip equal to free border of uropatagium, which is naked; ears reaching beyond end of nose; wings from base of toes. Skull: superior outline sloping gradually anteriorly to nasals; teeth feeble.
Color. Above yellowish brown, beneath paler; fur plumbeous at base.
Measiirements. Total length, 77.8-82; tail vertebrae, 38.8-39; tibia, 13.9-14.4; foot, 5.4-6; forearm, 31-32; thumb, 4-4.2; longest finger, 55.4-58; ear from meatus, 12.9-14.2; width of ear, 9.9-10;
MYOTIS. 579
tragus, 7.5-8.3. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 12; Hensel, n; zygo- matic width, 8; interorbital constriction, 4; length of upper molar series, 4; length of mandible, angle to symphysis, 10; length of lower molar series, 5.
a. — jaliscensis (Myotis), Menegaux, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris,
1901, p. 321. JALISCO BROWN BAT.
Type locality. Vicinity of Lake Zacoalco, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Larger than M. calif onticiis, with longer forearm and third finger.
Color. Upper parts brown, becoming grayish on the belly, and red near anal region.
Measurements. Total length, 82; tail, 32-35; tibia, 16-17; foot, 7; forearm, 42; third finger, 71; thumb, 5; ear, 12-14; width of ear, 9; tragus, 7.8. Skull: total length, 16; length of braincase, 9; width 7; interorbital constriction, 3.5.
b. — m-exicanus (Vespertilio), Sauss., Rev. Mag. ZooL, 2me Se"r.,
xii, 1860", p. 282. LITTLE MEXICAN BAT.
Type locality. Unknown.
Geogr. Distr. States of San Luis Potosi, Michoacan, and Oaxaca, Mexico; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Larger and darker than M. calif ornicus.
Color. Above yellowish brown, paler beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 81.5; tail vertebra?, 38; tibia, 14.2; foot, 5.9; forearm, 34.1; thumb, 4.4; longest finger, 60; ear from meatus, 14; width of ear, 9.6; tragus, 7.2.
c. — pallidus (Myotis}, Stephens, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xni,
1900, p. 153. Elliot, Syn. N.-Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 405. PALE BAT.
Type locality. Vallecito, San Diego County, California.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, into southern California.
Genl. Char. "Size small, wings short, wing membrane thin and light; ears small; general appearance delicate."
Color. "Light ochraceous buff or brownish cream buff; below dull white; basal part of pelage above and below blackish."
Measurements. "Total length, 80; expanse, 208; tail vertebrae, 42; ear, n ; thumb, 4; forearm, 30; tibia, 15." (Stephens, 1. c.)
d. — durangae (Myotis}, Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1903, p. 612.
580 MYOTIS.
DURANGO BROWN BAT.
Type locality. Rio Sestin, State of Durango, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size similar to that of M. c. ciliolabrum, color different.
Color. Upper parts pale fawn brown; under parts grayish white; fur at base dark plumbeous; ear brownish black; muzzle blackish.
Measurements. Total length, 76; tail vertebrae, 33; forearm, 33; longest finger, 54; tibia, 15 ; foot, 7 ; ear from meatus, 13.5.
551. subulatus (Vespertilio,} Say, Long's Exped. Rocky Mts., 11,
1823, p. 65 (foot-note). Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901,
P-405- SMALL-WINGED BAT.
Type locality. Arkansas River, near La Junta, Otero County, Colorado.
Geogr. Distr. State of Sonora, Mexico, into North America east of Rocky Mountains.
Genl. Char. Size medium; calcar slender, a little longer than the border of uropatagium, with a lobule at the end; ears long, reaching beyond tip of nose; wings from base of toes; teeth and skull like those of M. evotis.
Color. Apparently not distinguishable from M. lucifugus in its general coloration; the differences being that this form has a "narrower skull, longer ears, and a more sharply pointed tragus."
Measurements. Total length, 80-85.6; tail vertebrae, 36.8-38.8; tibia, 16.4-17.2; foot, 7.5-8; forearm, 33.8-35.7; thumb, 6.2-6.5; longest finger, 58-61; ear from meatus, 15.6-16.7; width of ear, 9.8-10.7; tragus, 9-9.7. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 12; Hensel, 12; zygomatic width, 9; palatal length, 6.5; interorbital constriction, 3.5; length of upper molar series, 3; length of mandible, angle to symphysis, 10; length of lower molar series, 4.
552. lucifugus (Vespertilio}, Le Conte, McMurtrie, Cuv., Anim. King.,
i, App., 1831, p. 431. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 402.
subulatus Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1854-55, p. 435.
affinis H. Allen, Mon. N. Am. Bats, 1864, p. 53.
carolii Dobson, Cat. Chirop. Brit. Mus., 1878, p. 325.
austroriparius Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1897, P- 227- LITTLE BROWN BAT.
Type locality. Near Riceboro, southern portion of Liberty County, Georgia.
Geogr. Distr. Hudson Bay to Brazil. West Indies.
Genl. Char. Calcar slender, in length equal to free border of
MYOTIS. PIPISTRELLUS. 581
uropatagium, which is naked; upper incisors bilobate; nose sub- bilobate; face with a naked prominence on both sides; ears short, pointed; tragus sublinear, anterior border straight; tail projecting a little beyond membrane ; wings attached at the base of toes. Skull : nasals and palate broad; forehead sloping; braincase broad poste- riorly, contracted anteriorly, outline slightly wedge shaped.
Measurements. Total length, 83.5-89.5; tail vertebrae, 37.6-40; tibia, 15.5-16.1; foot, 7.3-9.1; forearm, 36.1-38.9; thumb, 5.6-6.7; longest finger, 60.2-63.7; ear from meatus, 12.2-13.7; width of ear, 9.1-9.7; tragus, 7.1-8. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 13; total length, 14; Hensel, 10; zygomatic width, 8; interorbital constriction, 3.2; palatal length, 6; length of upper molar series, 4; length of mandible, angle to symphysis, 10; length of lower molar series, 4.
a. — lojigicrus True, Science, vin, 1886, p. 588. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 402.
albescens H. Allen, Mon. N. Am. Bats, 1893, p. 92. TRUE'S BAT.
Type locality. Puget Sound, Washington.
Geogr. Distr. Puget Sound east to Wyoming, south to southern California and Arizona, into Lower California and northern Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to M. lucijugus, but larger.
Color. No appreciable difference in the color of this form and M. lucijugus.
Measurements. Total length, 93.5-102 ; tail vertebrae, 41-46 ; tibia, 17.3-19.6; foot, 7.4-8.4; forearm, 38-40; thumb, 5.5-7; longest finger, 65-71; ear from meatus, 12-13.5; width of ear, 9-10; tragus, 7-8.2.
PIPISTRELLUS comprises a number of very small bats with a rather peculiar dental formula for this family, viz., four upper incisors and four lower premolars, although in other families the same for- mula exists, as is witnessed in the members of the genus Noctilio of the Noctilionidoe.
115. PipfetrelluH.
T 2-2 . p 1^1 . p 2-2 . M 3-3 _
i'3z:3' U'i-i' r*M' M'3-3~34'
Pipistrellus Kaup, Skizzirte Entwick.-Gesch. u. Naturl. Syst. d. Europ. Thierw., Th. i, 1829, p. 98. Type Vespertilio pipis- trellus Schreber.
582
PIPISTRELLUS.
Hypsugo Kolenati, Allgem. Deutsch. Naturhist. Zeitg., Dresden,
neue Folge, n, 1856, pp. 131, 167-169. Nannugo Kolenati, Allgem. Deutsch. Naturhist. Zeitg., Dresden,
neue Folge, n, 1856, pp. 131, 169-172.
Size small; skull delicate; braincase inflated; rostrum broad; ears longer than broad, tapering, tip rounded; tragus straight or curving forward; basal third of the back of interfemoral membrane hairy.
A.
B
FIG. 108. PIPISTRELLUS HESPERUS.
No. 35739 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. z% times nat. size. Face enlarged 7 times.
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES.
Tragus curved forward. General hue light yellowish gray; longest
finger, 48-55.5 mm P. Hesperus
General hue wood brown, longest finger, 47 mm . P. h. apus
General hue darker and browner; longest
finger, 45-47 mm P. h. australis
Tragus straight.
a. Back clove brown tinged with rusty, belly
smoky gray P. vercecrucis
b. Above reddish brown, beneath paler P. vagans
c. Upper and lower parts cinnamon P. cinnamomeus
PAGE
582 583
584
584 584
585
553. Hesperus (Scotophilus), H. Allen, Mon. N. Am. Bats, 1864, p. 43.
hesperus (Pipistrellus) , Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 409.
merriami Dobson, Cat. Chiroptr. Brit. Mus., 1878, p. 228. WESTERN BAT.
Type locality. Old Fort Yuma, San Diego County, California.
PIPISTRELLUS.
583
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, to western Texas.
Genl. Char. Size small; ear reaching to nostril, short and rounded at tip ; tragus curved forward at tip ; end of tail free of membrane.
Color. Light yellowish gray, hairs plumbeous at base; between fourth and fifth finger, the border of wing membrane is whitish; ears, face muzzle, and membranes black.
FIG. LXXXVI. PIPISTRELLUS HESPERUS.
No. 10851 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Trifle more than twice nat. size.
Measurements. Total length, 72.8-79; tail vertebrae, 28-34.5; tibia, 11-12.8; foot, 5-6; forearm, 28-32.5; thumb, 4; longest finger, 48-55.5; ear from meatus, 10-12.4; width of ear, 8.6-9.6; tragus, 4.6-5.4. Skull : occipito-nasal length, 1 1 ; zygomatic width, 7 ; width of braincase, 6; occipital depth, 4.
«. — apus (Pipistrellus) , Elliot, Pub. Field Columb. Mus., in, 1904^
p. 269. Zoology. SWIFT BAT.
Type locality. Providentia Mines, State of Sonora, Mexico.
Genl. Char. About the size of P. hesperus, but quite different in color, and with a larger foot. Larger than P. h. australis, the exact color of which is not known.
Color. Upper parts wood brown, base of fur blackish; under parts pinkish brown; nose, space before and around eyes, wing, and tail, membranes, feet, and ears black.
Measurements. Total length, 72; tail vertebrae, 31.7; foot, 6.3; forearm, 30.5; thumb, 4; longest finger, 47; ear from meatus, 10. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 10.5; zygomatic width, 8; interorbital constriction, 3; width of braincase, 6.5; palatal length, 5; post-palatal length, to anterior rim of foramen magnum, 4; length of upper tooth
584 PIPISTRELLUS.
row, premolars and molars, 3; length of mandible, 8.5; length of lower tooth row, premolar and molars, 3.
b. — australis (Pipistrellus) , Miller, N. Am. Faun., No. 13, 1897,
p. 90. ALLIED BAT.
Type locality. Barrance Ibarra, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Jalisco, Mexico; type locality only.
Genl. Char. Smaller than P. hesperus ; darker.
Color. Similar to P. hesperus, but apparently darker and browner. (Specimens in alcohol.)
Measurements. Total length, 63.2-64; tail vertebrae, 26.8-28; foot, 5; forearm, 28.6-29; thumb, 3.9-4; longest finger, 45-47; ear, 10.4-10.7; tragus, 4-5-5-
554. veraecrucis (Vesperugo), Ward, Am. Nat., xxv, 1891, p. 745. LAS VIGAS BAT.
Type locality. Las Vigas, Jalapa, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality.
Genl. Char. Similar to P. subflavus, but smaller, thumb longer; legs and arms naked; wing extending from base of outer toe; tragus tapering, straight.
Color. Above clove brown, tinged with rusty; beneath grayish, or smoky gray.
Measurements. "Total length, 73.5; tail, 36; ear from notch, 10; height of tragus, inner margin, 4.5 ; outer margin, 6; greatest width of tragus, 2; length of antitragus, 2; height, .75; forearm, 31; thumb and claw, 7.5; second digit, metacarpal, 29; third digit, metacarpal, 30.5; first phalanx, 11.5; second phalanx, n; cartilaginous tip, 2.5; fifth digit, metacarpal, 28; first phalanx, 8.5; second phalanx, 5; cartilaginous tip, i ; interspace between tips of third and fourth digits, 16; interspace between tips of fourth and fifth digits, 37; interspace between tip of fifth digit and juncture of membrane with foot, 42; extent of outstretched wings, 212; length of tibia, 13.5; length of foot, 9; length of calcaneum, about 8." (Ward, 1. c.)
555. vagans (Vesperugo), Dobson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 5th Ser.,
iv, 1879, p. 135. WANDERING BERMUDA BAT.
Type locality. Bermuda.
Genl. Char. Ears short, triangular; tragus with lower two-thirds of outer margin straight; small lobe at base; upper margin rounded; last caudal vertebra? free ; upper inner incisor long, unicuspidate ; outer short, conical; lower incisors trifid; first upper premolar very small.
PIPISTRELLUS. VESPERTILIO. 585
Color. Above reddish brown; beneath paler. Measurements. Length of head and body, 50; tail, 45; forearm, 38.7; thumb, 7.5; tibia, 15; foot, 9.5; ear, 12.5; tragus, 5.
556. cinnamomeus (Pipistrellus} , Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien.
Phil., 1902, p. 390. CINNAMON BAT.
Type locality. Montechristo, State of Tabasco, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size large; skull long, narrow; color uniform; upper inner incisor smaller than outer; first and second upper molars with an indicated hypocone.
Color. Uniform cinnamon, slightly inclined to yellow on under parts; ears and membranes brown.
Measurements. Total length, 99 ; tail, 44 ; forearm, 37 ; thumb, 6.8 ; second finger, 35; third finger, 63; fourth finger, 53; fifth finger, 47; tibia, 15.4; foot, 9.6; ear from meatus, 11.4; from crown, 9; width of ear, 7. Skull: greatest length, 15; basal length, 14; basilar length, 1 1. 6; palatal length, 6; width of palate between middle molars, 3; interorbital constriction, 4; zygomatic breadth, 9; width of braincase, above roots of zygomata, 7.2; length of mandible, 11.4; length of upper tooth row, 5.8.
VESPERTILIO as now restricted has comparatively few members, but among them are the largest species of the Vespertilionine group. In North America there are but three species of the genus, with several more or less closely connected races.
116. * Vespertilio.
T 2— 2. p i— i. p i— i. M 3-3 _
LF3' UM; F'^' M-F3-32. Vespertilio Linn. Syst. Nat., i, 1758, p. 31; i, 1766, p. 46. Type
Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus, (nee Schreber.) Eptesicus Rafin., Ann. Nat., i, 1820, p. 2. Cnephaus Kaup, Skizzirte Entw.-Gesch. u. Naturl. Syst. Europ.
Thierw., i, 1829, p. 103.
Noctula Bonp., Iconog. Faun. Ital., i, 1837, fasc. xxi. Vesperugo Keyserl. & Bias., Wiegm., Archiv. f. Naturg., 1839, Bd. i, p. 312. (Part.)
*For reasons for adopting this term rather than Eptesicus Rafin., as ad- vised by M6hely (Mon. Chirop, Hung. 1900, pp. 206-308), see Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, 7th Ser., vn, 1901, p. 462, and vm, p. 32.
586
VESPERTILIO.
Vesperus Keyserl. & Bias., Wiegm., Archiv. f. Naturg., 1839,
Bd. i, p. 313. Cateorus Kolenati, Allgem. Deutsch. Naturh. Zeitg., Dresden,
neue Folge, n, 1856, pp. 121, 162. Meteorus Kolenati, Allgem. Deutsch. Naturh. Zeitg., Dresden,
neue Folge, n, 1856, pp. 131, 167. Marsipol&mus Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl.,
1872, p. 260.
Adelonycteris H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1891, p. 466. Skull large, superior outline nearly straight; occiput angular; sagittal crest present ; rostrum broad, slightly concave back of nasal opening; ear short, narrower than long, with basal lobe; tragus straight, short, directed forward, pointed; back of interfemoral mem- brane with but few hairs.
FIG. 109. VESPERTILIO FUSCUS.
No. 61130 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. ^yt times nat. size. Nose enlarged 5 times.
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES.
A. Outer margin of ear conch not terminating
under the jaw.
a. Tragus short, less than half the length of the ear.
VESPERTILIO.
587
a.' Muzzle narrow.
a." General color bistre or sepia V. fuscus
b." General color dark reddish brown V. f. cubensis
c." General color dark sepia V. f. miradorensis
d." Above dark brown V. f. bahamensis
e." General color pale brownish fawn . . . V . f. peninsula
f ." Above pale bistre V. f. bernardinus
b/ Muzzle broad.
a." General color rust red V. f. propinquus
b. Tragus long, narrow, equal to half the length
of the ear V. gaumeri
B. Outer margin of ear conch terminating under
the jaw V. albigularis
PAGE
587 588 588 588 589 589
589 590 590
FIG. LXXXVII. VESPERTILIO FUSCUS. No. 85101 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Twice nat. size.
557. fuscus (Vespertilio), Beauvois, Cat. Peale's Mus. Phil., 1796, p. 14. Elliot, N. Am. Mamm., IQOI, p. 410.
carolinensis Geoff., Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., 1806, p. 193.
phaiops Rafin., Am. Month. Mag., in, 1818, p. 445.
melanops Rafin., Ann. Nat., 1820, p. 2.
arquatus Say, Long's Exp. Rocky Mts., i, 1823, p. 167 (note).
ursinus Temm., Mon. Mamm., n, 1835, p. 235.
greenii Gray, List Spec. Mamm. Brit. Mus., i, 1843, p. 30. BROWN BAT.
Type locality. Philadelphia, Pa.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, and "Austral, Transition, and (lower edge of) Boreal Zones throughout the eastern United States north of Florida and adjoining British provinces." (Miller.)
588 VESPERTILIO.
Genl. Char. Size large, ears short, membrane heavy, thick; foot half as long as tibia; wing membranes attached beyond base of toes, naked, save a few hairs on under side of interfemoral membrane and wings near humerus and forearm.
Color. Above bistre or sepia; paler beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 108.5-116; tail vertebrae, 42-47.5; tibia, 19.1-19.7; foot, 9.2-10.4; forearm, 44.8-47; thumb, 6-7; longest finger, 79.4-82; ear from meatus, 17-19.5; width of ear, 12.4-13.3; tragus, 7.8-8.3. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 12.5; zygomatic width, 12.5; length of mandible, 14.
a. — cubensis (Scotophilus) , Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist., iv, 1839, p. 7.
dutertreus Gerv., in Ramon de la Sagra's Hist. 1'Isle de Cuba,
Mamm., 1840, p. 6. CUBAN BROWN BAT.
Type locality. Cuba.
Geogr. Distr. Island of Cuba.
Genl. Char. Ears and membranes thin; ears small, papery, nar- row, pointed.
Color. Rich dark reddish brown above and beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 110.7; tail vertebras, 48.5; forearm, 48.4; thumb, 6.6; longest finger, 86; tibia, 19.9; foot, 9; ear from meatus, 16.7; tragus, 8.4.
b. — miradorensis (Scotophilus] , H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien.
Phil., 1866, p. 287. MIRADOR BROWN BAT.
Type locality. Mirador, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Southern Mexico, into Guatemala and Costa Rica.
Genl. Char. Size large; color dark; ears and membranes rather thin.
Color. Similar to V. fuscus, but darker.
Measurements. Total length, 110-120; tail vertebrae, 48-57; fore- arm, 50-52; thumb, 6.4-7; longest finger, 85-93; tibia, 20-22; foot, 9.8-11.4; ear from meatus, 18.6-20; tragus, 8.3-10. Skull: occipito- nasal length, 19.5; zygomatic breadth, 13; length of mandible, 14.5. (Miller.)
c. — bahamensis (Vespertilio}, Miller, N. Am. Faun., No. 13, 1897,
p. 101. BAHAMA BROWN BAT.
Type locality. Nassau, New Providence Island, Bahamas.
Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality.
VESPERTILIO. 589
Genl. Char. Ears narrow; membranes thin; size small; muzzle narrow.
Color. Dark brown, darker than V. fuscus.
Measurements. Total length, 103; tail vertebrae, 44; forearm, 42; thumb, 6; longest ringer, 77; tibia, 18; foot, 8; ear, 16.8; tragus, 7.6. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 16.5; zygomatic breadth, n; length of mandible, 12.6; interorbital constriction, 4; width of braincase, 8.
d. — peninsulce (Vespertilio}, Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th
Ser., 1898, p. 43. LOWER CALIFORNIA BROWN BAT.
Type locality. Sierra Laguna, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size small ; color pale.
Color. General hue pale brownish fawn, darkest posteriorly; base of hairs slaty black.
Measurements. Total length, 95; tail vertebrae, 34; ear, 14. Skull: basal length, 14.2; occipito-gnathic length (to front of pre- maxillae), 16.5; greatest breadth, 11.7; interorbital width, 6.3; front of canine to back of third upper molar, 6.2; intertemporal breadth, 3.8. (Thomas, 1. c.)
e. — bernardinus (Eptesicus), Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.,
1901, p. 619. SAN BERNARDINO BAT.
Type locality. San Bernardino Valley, near San Bernardino, San Bernardino County, California.
Geogr. Distr. Southern California and San Pedro Martir Moun- tains, Lower California.
Genl. Char. Size and cranial characters as in V. fuscus.
Color. Above pale bistre; beneath brownish drab; hairs unicolor nearly to the roots ; ear and wing membranes blackish.
Measurements. Total length, 114; tail, 42; extent of wing, 304; foot, 11.5; ear, 17. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 15.5; total length, 17.5; Hensel, 13.5; zygomatic width, 11.5; interorbital constriction, 4; height of braincase at audital bullae, 6.2; width of braincase, 8; palatal length, 7 ; length of upper molar series, 5 ; length of mandible, 13 ; height at coronoid process, 5 ; length of lower molar series, 6.
/. — propinquus (Vesperugo), Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad.
Wiss. Berl., 1872, p. 262. ALLIED BROWN BAT.
Type locality. Santa Isabel, Guatemala.
Geogr. Distr. Guatemala and Nicaragua, Central America.
590 VESPERTILIO.
Genl. Char. Size small, colors dark, muzzle broad.
Color. Similar to V. f. miradorensis (H. Allen), dark brown. Peters describes the type as rust red, probably changed by alcohol.
Measurements. Total length, 96-105: tail vertebrae, 37-45; fore- arm, 40; thumb, 5-9.5; longest finger, 68; tibia, 17-18; foot, 7.8-10; tragus, 6-7.8.
558. gaumeri (Adelonycteris) , Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
1897, p. 231. YUCATAN BROWN BAT.
Type locality. Izamal, Yucatan, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Yucatan, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to but smaller than V. fuscus; narrower and more tapering tragus, and smaller in size; ears thin.
Color. Above dark brown washed with olive; beneath buffy gray ; ears and membranes black.
Measurements. Total length, 95; forearm, 39; thumb, 7; third finger, 79; tibia, 70; tail, 40; foot, 8; ear, 21. Skull; greatest length, 18; mastoid breadth, 8.3; zygomatic breadth, 10.1; interorbital breadth, 4; length of tooth row, 4.2 ; palatal length, 5.3.
A. Marsipolaemus. Characters as given below for the species.
559. *albigularis (Vesperus), Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss, Akad.
Wiss. Berlin, 1872, p. 260. WHITE-THROATED BROWN BAT.
Type locality. Mexico?
Geogr. Distr. Unknown.
Genl. Char. Lower half of outer margin of the ear conch broadly folded backward, separated in front from the angle of the mouth by a wart, but terminating below and internal to it under the lower jaw by a small internal projection. Ears very broad and broadly rounded off above; tragus broad above, attaining its greatest width above the middle of the inner margin, which is slightly concave, narrowest opposite the base of the inner margin ; a prominent triangular lobe at the base of the outer margin. Nostrils rather wide apart, opening sublaterally ; muzzle broad and obtuse; crown of the head scarcely elevated above the face line. Wings from the base of the toes; postcalcaneal lobe long and narrow; last caudal vertebra free. Upper inner incisors long and broad and slightly bifid at their extremities; outer incisor very short, scarcely exceeding the cingulum of the
* Possibly not Mexican.
VESPERTILIO. LASIURUS. 591
inner one in vertical extent; the single upper premolar close to the canine; lower incisors in the direction of the jaws; first lower premolar half the size of the second, which exceeds the molars in vertical extent. (Dobson.)
Color. Above dark brown, the extreme tips of fur hoary, as in V. noctivagans ; paler beneath; the chin and throat as far back as a line connecting the posterior margin of the ears, pure white.
Measurements. Total length, 86.36; tail, 38.10; head, 17.78; ear, 16; forearm, 41.91 ; thumb, 8.89; third finger, 69.85; fifth finger, 50.80; tibia, 15.24; foot, 8.89. (Dobson.)
The bats of the genus LASIURUS are chiefly recognizable by their rather heavily furred interfemoral membrane. They are of moderate size and the genus consists in North America of two species, one of which is split up into several races.
117. Lasiurus.
i£j;C.S;PS;M.g = 3,.
Lasiurus Gray, Zool. Misc., 1831, No. i, p. 38. Type Vespertilio
borealis M tiller. Atalapha Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1870,
p. 907. (nee Rafin.)
Small premolar at base of upper incisor on inner side; incisor in contact with canine; ear broad, rounded at tip, hairy; back of inter- femoral membrane thickly furred ; skull broad.
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES. A. Upper part of interfemoral membrane hairy, a. Size small ; forearm hairy, but without hairy
tuft near elbow, a/ Ears large.
a." Color variable, yellowish red to yel- PAGE
lowish gray L. borealis 592
b." General hue deep cherry red L. b. pfeifferi 593
b.' Ears small.
a." Back of interfemoral membrane
hairy L. b. teliotis 593
b." Back of interfemoral membrane nearly
naked L. b. mexicanus 594
592
LASIURUS.
b. Size large; forearm with hairy tuft near el- PAGE
bow L. cinereus 595
560. borealis (Vespertilio}, Mull., Natursys., Suppl., 1776, p. 21. noveboracensis Erxl., Syst. Regn. Anim., i, 1777, p. 155. lasiurus Schreb., Saugeth, Abth., i, 1781, Taf. LXII B.
FIG. 110. LASIURUS CINEREUS.
No. 36991 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Enlarged 3 times. Incisors enlarged 6 times
LASIURUS. 593
noveboracus Bodd., Elench. Anim., i, 1785, p. 71.
rubellus Beauv., Cat. Peale's Mus., 1796, p. 204.
rubra Ord, Guthr., Geog., 2d. Amer. ed., n, 1815, p. 291.
tesselatus Rafin., Am. Month. Mag., in, 1818, p. 445.
monachus Rafin., Am. Month. Mag., in, 1818, p. 445.
rtijus Warden, Desc. Etats Unis. Am., v, 1820, p. 606.
funebris Fitzin. Sitzungb. K. Akad. Wiss. Wein, LXII, 1870, p. 46.
borealis (Lasiurus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 411. RED BAT.
Type locality. State of New York.
Geogr. Distr. North America through Mexico to Panama, and south to Brazil and Chili. West Indies.
Genl. Char. Size small; ears reaching half-way between mouth and nostril; tragus triangular; wing and membranes from base of toes ; no fur tuft at proximal end of forearm. Skull : rostrum broad ; zygomata spreading; teeth large.
Color. Variable, ranging from yellowish red and fawn to yel- lowish gray; whitish space in front of shoulders.
Measurements. Total length, 103-110; tail vertebrae, 47.5-52.7; tibia, 18.6-19.6; foot, 7.4-7.9; forearm, 38.5-40.6; thumb, 6.3-7.3; longest finger, 79.3-82.8; ear from meatus, 10-11.9; tragus, 6.5-7. Skull: occipito-nasal length, n; zygomatic width, 9; interorbital constriction, 4.5; mastoid width, 7.5; palatal length, 3.5; length of mandible, 8.5.
a. — *pfeifferi (Atalapha), Gundl., Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1861, p. 152.
PFEIFFER'S RED BAT.
Type locality. Cuba.
Geogr. Distr. Island of Cuba.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. borealis, but slightly larger, and has a larger first upper premolar, and the interfemoral membrane poste- riorly is thinly covered with hair.
Color. General hue deep cherry red.
Measurements. Total length, 95.5; tail, 44.4; forearm, 44.7; third finger, 80.; fifth finger, 54.6; tibia, 20.3; foot, 8.6.
b. — teliotis (Atalaphd), H. Allen, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., xxix, 1891,
P- 5- borealis teliotis (Lasiurus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901,
P-4I3-
*For giving preference to pfeifferi over blossevillii see Allen, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xin, 1900, p. 165.
594
LASIURUS.
CALIFORNIA RED BAT.
Type locality. Unknown, California?
Geogr. Distr. Comondu, Lower California, Mexico, north to Sacramento Valley.
Genl. Char. Smaller than L. borealis; ear shorter, external basal lobe reduced ; back of interfemoral membrane furred on basal third.
Color. Above dark chestnut, hairs sometimes tipped with gray; beneath paler; lower half of sides of neck white.
Measurements. Total length, 96-107; tail vertebrae, 45-57; tibia, 19.6-20; foot, 6.6-8.6; forearm, 37-40; thumb, 6.4-7; longest finger, 74-82; ear from meatus, 9.4-10; width of ear, 9-9.8; tragus, 5.4-6. Skull : occipito-nasal length, 1 2 ; zygomatic width, 10 ; mastoid breadth, 8; palatal length, 5 ; length of mandible, 9.
c. — mexicanus (Atalapha), Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zool., 2me Ser., xin,
1861, p. 97.
jrantzii Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1871, p. 908.
MEXICAN RED BAT.
Type locality. Southern Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Tres Marias Islands, State of Jalisco, also in State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, south into Central America.
Genl. Char. Feet, interfemoral membrane, and beneath wings less hairy than L. b. teliotis.
Color. Same as L. b. teliotis.
Measurements. Total length, 113.3; tail vertebrae, 57; foot, 8.1; forearm, 41. 2; thumb, 7. 4; longest finger, 86. 5; tragus, 6.5.
FIG. LXXXVIII. LASIURUS CINEREUS.
No. 105259 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Twice nat. size.
LASIURUS. DASYPTERUS. 595
561. cinereus (Vespertilio), Beauvois, Cat. Peak's Mus. Phil., 1796.
P- 15- pruinosus Say, Long's Exped. Rocky Mts., i, 1823, p. 167. (Foot-
note.)
cinereus (Lasiurus}, Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 413. HOARY BAT.
Type locality. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Geogr. Distr. North America from the Atlantic to the Pacific, at different seasons, south through Mexico, Central and South America to Chili.
Genl. Char. Size large; ears with edges black; foot half as long as tibia.
Color. Above umber brown, hairs tipped with silvery white; throat, head, and under side of membranes yellowish brown; band of umber brown below throat : ventral surface whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 130-140; tail vertebrae, 52-58; tibia, 23-24; foot, 9-10; forearm, 46-55; thumb, 10-10.6; longest finger, 101-110; ear from meatus, 17-18; width of ear, 15-17.7; tragus, 9-9.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 17; Hensel, 9; zygo- matic width, n; mastoid breadth, 10; palatal length, 7.5; inter- orbital constriction, 4.5; length of mandible, 12; lower tooth row exclusive of incisor, 6.
118. Da sy pt ems.
Dasypterus Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1870,
(1871), p. 912. Type Lasiurus intermedius Allen. Upper incisor in contact with canine; skull short, very broad and deep; ear tapering at tip, naked on half of dorsal surface; inter- femoral membrane furred on half of dorsal surface ; mammas four.
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES.
FA.\rC*
A. Posterior third of interfemoral naked ....... D. intermedius 595
B. Posterior half of interfemoral naked.
a. Cheeks not black ...................... D. ega xanthinus 597
b. Cheeks black ........................ D. ega panamensis 597
562. intermedius (Lasiurus}, H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.,
1862, p. 246. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 414. INTERMEDIATE BAT.
Type locality. Matamoros, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Tamaulipas, Mexico, north to Gulf States of the United States.
596
DASYPTERUS.
FIG. 111. DASYPTERUS EGA XANTHINUS.
No. 93558 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Enlarged z% times. Face view enlarged 5 times.
Genl. Char. Size large; skull broad; membranes thick, leathery; free border of uroptagium longer than calcar.
Color, Light yellowish brown, hairs on back tipped with dusky; hairs dark plumbeous at base.
Measurements. Total length, 120-145; tail vertebrae, 52-65.9; tibia, 18-24.9; foot, 8-10; forearm, 45.5-55; thumb, 6-8.9; longest
FIG. LXXXIX. DASYPTERUS INTERMEDIUS.
No. 14329 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. i% times nat. size.
DASYPTERUS. NYCTICEIUS. 597
finger, 95-111; ear from meatus, 17-18.8; width of ear, 14-15.5; tragus, 8-9.4. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 17.5; zygomatic width, 13.5; mastoid width, u; palatal length, 7; postpalatal length, 9; length of mandible. 12.
ega xanthinus (Dasypterus) , Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th
Ser., 1897, p. 544. SIERRA LACUNA BAT.
Type locality. Sierra Laguna, Lower California, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to D. ega, but more yellow above.
Color. Above, anteriorly yellow grading into fulvous on the interfemoral membrane; under parts dull fulvous.
Measurements. Total length, 1 16 ; tail vertebrae, 48 ; hind foot, 10 ; ear, 16. Skull: greatest length, 16.2; greatest breadth, 11.4; occipito- nasal length, 14; interorbital constriction, 4; palatal length, 5 ; breadth of rostrum at posterior edge of large premolar, 7 ; length of mandi- ble, u.
ega panamensis (Dasypterus), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th
Ser., vin, 1901, p. 246. PANAMA BAT.
Type locality. Bogava, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, 1,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. South Central America; range unknown.
Color. Cheek black; rump and hairs on interfemoral membrane brownish fulvous; remaining parts dark brownish clay color; the fur is black at base, then brownish buffy, with black tips.
Measurements. "Forearm, 46.5." (Thomas, 1. c.) No other di- mensions given.
119. *Nycticeius.
Nycticeius Rafin., Journ. Phys., LXXXVIII, 1819, p. 417. Type
(by elimination) Vespertilio humeralis Rafinesque. Upper incisor not in contact with canine; outer lower incisor equal to others in size, tricuspidate ; uropatagium furred only at base; tip of tail free; tragus bent forward; skull narrow.
*Nycticejus and Nycticeius, though objectionably compounded, are both permissible, and possibly, if there is any choice between them, the latter may be preferable.
598
NYCTICEiUSs.
FIG. 112. NYCTICEIUS HUMERALIS.
No. 36652 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Enlarged 21A times. Face view enlarged 6 times.
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES. PAGE
A. Tragus short, broad ; upper parts umber brown. N. humeralis 598
B. Tragus oblong, narrowed; upper parts light
tawny N.h. cubanus 599
563. humeralis (Vespertilio'), Rafin., Amer. Month. Mag., in, 1818,
p. 445-
crepuscularis , Rafin., Journ. Phys., LXXXVIII, 1819, p. 417. humeralis (Nycticejus) Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 415.
FIG. XC NYCTICEIUS HUMERALIS. No. 84656 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Nearly twice nat. size.
NYCTICEIUS. 599
RAFINESQUE'S BAT.
Type locality. Kentucky.
Geogr. Distr. State of Tamaulipas, Mexico, north to Arkansas and eastern United States; Cuba; Central America?
Genl. Char. Size medium; ears small, thick, naked, except at base; tragus short, broad, blunt at posterior base; membrane thick; uropatagium at middle of terminal caudal vertebra.
Color. Above umber brown; beneath paler; fur at base plum- beous.
Measurements. Total length, 91.4-93.5; tail vertebrae, 35.8-37.2; tibia, 13.4-13.8; foot, 6.7-7.7; forearm, 34.3-36.4; thumb, 5.3-5.6; longest finger, 63.4-65.2; ear from meatus, 12.7-13.9; width of ear, 8.8-10.5; tragus, 5.1-6.2. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 12; zygo- matic width, 10; mastoid breadth, 7.5; interorbital constriction, 4; length of mandible, 4.
a. — cubanus (Vesperus), Gundl., Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss.
Berl., 1861, p. 150. GUNDLACH'S BAT.
Type locality. Near Cardenas, Cuba.
Geogr. Distr. Island of Cuba.
Genl. Char. Size small; color pale, similar to that of N. hu- meralis.
Color. "Above light tawny (fur blackish at base), beneath pale reddish tawny, fur black at base; face and membranes blackish brown; nose appears somewhat divided by the projecting nostrils; between the nose and the ears there is on each side a protuberance with bristly hairs; ears oval, lengthened (8 mm. high in front). The anterior base rounded and spreading outward; the posterior at the angle of the mouth forms a semicircle; this semicircle which bends inward to the tragus, forms another rounded enlargement; tragus oblong, scarcely narrowed throughout, somewhat bent in the form of a sickle forward, and provided with a tooth-shaped lobule at the base of the exterior border; nails tawny."
Measurements. (Dry skin.) Total length of body, 0.045; tail, 0.029; head, 0.016; ear, 0.012; forearm, 0.030; thumb, 0.005^2; second finger, 0.029^; third finger, 0.055; fourth finger, 0.046; fifth finger, 0.040; tibia, o.on; foot, 0.006^; calcar, 0.013." (Gundlach.)
600 RHOG&ESSA.
12O. Rhogoessa.
T i-i. p i-i. p i-i. M 3-3 _ 7 A'F3; S-3' ^'2-2' M-F3-34-
Rhogoessa H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1866, p. 285.
Type Rhogoessa tumida H. Allen.
First and second lower incisors with outer cusp obsolete; third unicuspidate, very small; upper incisors in contact with canines or close to them ; tragus straight or bent backward ; tail vertebrae within interfemoral membrane.
FIG. 113. RHOGOESSA TUMIDA.
No. 36062 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Enlarged 4 times. Incisors enlarged 6 times.
RHOGOESSA.
601
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES. A. Ears reaching tip of nose.
a. Fur yellowish brown throughout R. tumida
b. Fur chestnut brown; grayish brown at base. . . .R. parvula Ears reaching beyond nose.
a. Foot not above 6 mm. ; lateral lower incisor
about one-half as large as those in center R. gracilis
b. Foot 7 mm. or over; lateral lower incisor
minute, invisible from the front R. alleni
B
PAGE 6O I 6O I
6O2
6O2
FIG. XCI. RHOGOESSA TUMIDA.
No. 36062 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. 3 times nat. size.
564. tumida (Rhogoessd), H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.,
1866, p. 286. RESTLESS BAT.
Type locality. Mirador, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Southern Mexico into Central America.
Genl. Char. Ears reaching tip of nose; ear conch narrow and rounded above; upper third of lower margin hollowed beneath tip; tragus long, pointed; calcar longer than free border of uropatagium, ending in a keeled lobule ; wings from base of toes ; membranes chiefly naked ; foot about half the length of tibia.
Color. Dull yellowish brown, rather paler on under parts.
Measurements. Total length, 65.5-75; tail vertebrae, 25.4-33; foot, 5-7; forearm, 28-33; thumb, 4-4.8; longest finger, 51-63; ear, 12.4-14; tragus, 7-7.4. Skull: greatest length, 13; zygomatic width, 8.4; width of rostrum, 5 ; length of mandible, 9 ; length of upper tooth row, 5.6.
565. parvula (Rhogoessd) , H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.,
1866, p. 285.
602 RHOG&ESSA.
TRES MARIAS BAT.
Type locality. Tres Marias Islands, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Tres Marias Islands, State of Jalisco, through Mexico to Costa Rica, Central America.
Genl. Char. Wart above eye and another beneath chin; mem- branes naked except a small furry patch on basal fourth of inter- femoral membrane.
Color. Chestnut brown above, base of fur grayish brown ; beneath grayish fawn.
Measurements. Total length, 65.5; tail vertebrae, 29.5; foot, 5.3; forearm, 27.4; thumb, 4.1; longest finger, 48.5; tragus, 6.4.
566. gracilis (Rhogoessa), Miller, N. Am. Faun., No. 13, 1897, p. 126. GRACEFUL BAT.
Type locality. Piaxtla, State of Puebla, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Puebla, Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Ears extending beyond tip of nose; feet and legs long, slender; calcar slender; free border of uropatagium naked; wings from base of toes.
Color. Above chestnut; beneath paler.
Measurements. Total length, 77-82; tail vertebras, 37-41; foot, 5-6; forearm, 30-33; thumb, 4; longest finger, 58-61; ear, 16-17; tragus, 9-10.
567. alleni (Rhogoessa}, Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser., x,
1892, p. 477. SANTA ROSALIA BAT.
Type locality. Santa Rosalia, near Autlin, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Known from type locality only.
Genl. Char. "Larger than R. parvula; ears reaching beyond nos- trils; inner margin convex forward below, straight or slightly con- cave above; tragus long, inner edge straight, outer slightly convex, edge indistinctly crenulate; lobule at base of outer margin."
Color. No description of color given; alcoholic specimen.
Measurements. Tail vertebrae, 41; foot, 7.1; forearm, 35; thumb, 5; tragus, 7. "Skull: occiput to gnathion, 14.7; greatest breadth, 9.5 ; front of canine to back of third molar, 5.4." (Thomas, 1. c.)
Resembling the genus Plecotus of the Old World, the next genus CORYNORHINUS, however, is distinguished for the conspicuous club- like glandular prominences possessed by its members on the sides of the muzzle and which nearlv meet in the center behind the nostril.
CORYNORHINUS. 603
Subfam. II. Plecotinse.
121. C/oiynorhinna.
T ?=?• P— • p?=?- M 3~3 — 76
L'3-3' Ui-i* ^3-3' M'3-3-3f>.
Corynorhinus H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1865, p. 173.
Type Plccotus macrotis Le Conte. Plecotus Le Conte McMurtr., Cuv., Anim. King., i, App. 1831, p.
431. (nee Geoff.) Synotus H. Allen, Mon. N. Am. Bats, 1864, p. 62. (nee Keyserl.
& Bias.)
Ears large, joined across forehead; tragus free from external basal lobe ; thick ridge ending in club-shaped enlargement between eye and nostril; nostrils margined by rudimentary nose-leaves or grooves. Skull slender, arched; rostrum small, weak.
FIG. 114. CORYNORHINUS MACROTIS.
No. 101393 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Enlarged 3 times. Incisors enlarged 7 times.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Above yellowish drab gray; beneath paler. .C. m. pallescens
B. Above and beneath dark brown. . . .C. m. townsendi
PAGE 604 604
604
CORYNORHINUS.
FIG. XCII. CORYNORHINUS MACROTIS. No. 102504 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll.
macrotis pallescens (Cory nor hinus), Miller, N. Am. Faun., No. 13, 1897, p. 52. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 399.
townsendi H. Allen, Mon. N. Am. Bats, 1893, p. 58. (nee
Cooper.) BIG-EARED BAT.
Type locality. Kearn Canon, Navajo County, Arizona.
Geogr. Distr. From State of Oaxaca, Mexico, through eastern Mexico to California.
Genl. Char. Similar to those of C. macrotis; color paler.
Color. Back yellowish drab gray; head paler, base of hairs light plumbeous; beneath paler than back; ears and membranes light brown.
Measurements. Total length, 90-105; tail vertebrae, 45-49; tibia, 19-21; foot, 9-9.6; forearm, 9-9.6; thumb, 5-7; longest finger, 71-77; ear from meatus, 33-33.9; width of ear, 20-23.7; tragus, 12.7-14.6. Skull: greatest length, 16; zygomatic breadth, 9; width of rostrum at posterior border of large premolar, 5; length of mandible, 10.6; length of upper molar series, 5.2; of lower molar series, 6.8.
macrotis townsendi (Plecotus), Cooper, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., N. Y.,
iv, 1848, p. 73. (nee Allen.) m. townsendi (Corynorhinus), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901,
P- 399- TOWNSEND'S BIG-EARED BAT.
Type locality. Columbia River, Oregon.
CORYNORHINUS. ANTROZOUS. 605
Geogr. Distr. State of Guadalajara, Mexico, north to British Columbia.
Genl. Char. Similar to those of typical C. macrotis, but color much darker, fur nowhere distinctly bicolor.
Color. Above dark brown, hairs at base light plumbeous, tips pale yellowish; beneath dark brown; ears and membranes blackish.
Measurements. Total length, 100-105; tai^ vertebrae, 48-51; tibia, 21.4-22; foot, 9.4-10; forearm, 42-44; thumb, 6.6-7; longest finger, 76-80; ear from meatus, 33-34; width of ear, 21-24; tragus, 14-15. Skull: total length, 14.5; occipito-nasal length, 12.5; zygo- matic width, 8; interorbital constriction, 3.5; length of mandible, 8.6; length of upper molar series, 3.5 ; of lower molar series, 4.5.
The previous genus and the next are the only ones of the Plecotine or Antrozoine divisions found within the limits of the countries em- braced in this book. The one following has two species and one race remarkable among all those of the family for having but four lower incisors.
Subfam. III. Antrozoinse. 122. Aiitrozous.
T — • C— • P— • M 3-3 _ o
^-2_2. K-I' F'2-2' M-3-3-2»-
Antrozous H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien., Phil., 1862, p. 248.
Type Vespertilio pallidus Le Conte.
Muzzle truncate; nostrils surrounded by a horseshoe-shaped ridge; lower lip free in front. Lower incisors, four. Mammae two.
KEY TO THE SPECIES. PAGE
A. Above pale drab gray, beneath grayish white . . A. pallidus 605
B. Above ochraceous buff, beneath yellowish
drab brown A. p. pacificus 607
C. Above buff washed with wood brown ; beneath
clear buff A. minor 607
568. pallidus (Vespertilio), Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien., Phil.,
1856, p. 437.
pallidus (Antrozous), Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 396. BIG-EARED PALE BAT.
Type locality. El Paso, El Paso County, Texas.
606
. ANTROZOUS
FIG. 115. ANTROZOUS PALLIDUS.
Enlarged 2l/t times. Nose view enlarged 6 times.
Geogr. Distr. Western Mexico, Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, north to Nevada, east to Texas.
Genl. Char. Size large; ears large, when laid forward going be- yond tip of nose ; tragus straight and slender, posterior margin faintly crenulate; feet half as long as tibia; wing membranes attached at base of toes; interfemoral membrane at base of terminal caudal ver- tebrae. Skull: braincase, rostrum, and palate broad; teeth large, strong, lower incisors four.
Color. Above pale drab gray or fawn, tips of hairs dusky; face dark brown; beneath grayish white; sides tinged with drab.
FIG. XCIII. ANTROZOUS PALLIDUS.
ex Dobson, Cat. Chiroptera. jj nat. size.
ANTROZOUS. 607
Measurements. Total length, 105-115; tail vertebrae, 44.6-46; tibia, 20-21; foot, 10; forearm, 49-51; thumb, 8.3-9; longest finger, 85-92; ear from tragus, 28-30; width of ear, 18.4-20; tragus, 11.6-14. Skull: greatest length, 21; basal length, 19; interorbital constriction, 4.6; zygomatic breadth, 12.8; mastoid breadth, 10; breadth of brain- case above roots of zygomata, 9; mandible, 13; maxillary tooth row, 8 ; mandibular tooth row, 8.
a. — pacificus (Antrozous}, Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xi,
1897, p. 180. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 397. PACIFIC PALE BAT.
Type locality. Old Fort Tejon, in mountains south of Kern Lake, Kern County, California.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California, Mexico, north to California.
Genl. Char. Similar to A. pallidus, but slightly larger. Skull: braincase, rostrum, and bony palate narrower; supraoccipital more pointed and overhanging ; teeth larger.
Color. Above yellowish drab ("ochraceous buff, washed with dusky" type); hairs tipped with dusky; beneath yellowish drab brown.
Measurements. Total length, 114-118; tail vetrebrae, 46.7-47.8; tibia, 20-22.6; foot, 10.8-12; thumb, 9-10; longest ringer, 91-96. Skull: total length, 20.5; occipito-nasal length, 18.5; zygomatic width, 10.8; interorbital constriction, 4; width of braincase, 9.5; length of mandible, 11.5; length of upper molar series, 5.5; of lower molar series, 6.7.
569. minor (Antrozous), Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1902,
p. 389. LITTLE COMONDU BAT.
Type locality. Comondu, Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size small. Skull narrow; crown of upper premolar and first and second upper molars shorter in proportion to their width than in the other species; lower molars small.
Color. Above buff washed with wood brown; beneath buff grading into cream buff on middle of belly.
Measurements. Total length, 93; tail, 35; forearm, 48; thumb, 9.6; second finger, 40; third finger, 80; fourth finger, 68; fifth finger, 63; tibia, 20; foot, 10; ear from meatus, 23; from crown, 19; width, 1 6; tragus, 11.4. Skull: greatest length, 19; interorbital constriction, 4; zygomatic breadth, n; mastoid breadth, 9; breadth of braincase above roots of zygomata, 8.6; maxillary tooth row, 6.8; mandibular tooth row, 7.6.
608 NOCTILIONIDJE. RHYNCHONYCTERIS.
Fam. II. Noctilioiiiclse. L.arge-eared Bats.
Subfam. I. Emballonurinse.
Noctilionidae Gray, Lond. Med. Repos., 1821, p. 299.
Emballonurida Dobson, Ann. Mag. Nat Hist., 4th Ser., xvi, 1875,
P- 347-
No distinct cutaneous foliaceous appendages surrounding the nostrils, which open by a simple valvular aperture at the projecting extremity of the muzzle, which is truncate; ears large, often united; tragi short, expanded above; middle finger with two phalanges; tail partially free, extending beyond the posterior margin of inter- femoral membrane, or perforating it and appearing on upper surface. Upper incisors large and separated from the canines; molars with W-shaped cusps.
123. Rliyiichonycteris.
T '-1. r 1=1- p ?=?.• M 3~3 — •: ?
S-3' UM; ^'2-2> ^-3-3-32.
Rhynchonycteris Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss., Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1867, p. 477. Type Vespertilio naso Wied.
FIG. 116. RHYNCHONY TERIS NASO.
No. 5695 Acad. Nat. Sci. Enlarged a!4 times. Nose view enlarged 8 times.
RHYNCHONYCTERIS.
609
Tail shorter than the interfemoral membrane, but penetrating the membrane and appearing on the upper surface ; muzzle very nar- row, the extremity produced beyond lower lip; ears not attached; ear conch narrow, attenuate; antitragus rounded, distinct; nostrils oval, horizontal; wings from ankles; antebrachial membrane without sac ; calcaneum longer than tibia.
570. naso (Rhynchonycteris) , Wied, Schinz's Thierr., i, 1821, p. 179. saxatilis Spix. Simiar. et Vespert. Bras., 1823, p. 62, pi. xxxv,
fig. VIII.
rivalis Spix. Simiar. et Vespert. Bras., 1823, p. 62, pi. xxxv. lineata Temm., Mon. Mamm., n, 1835-41, p. 297.
FIG. XCIV. RHYNCHONYCTERIS NASO. No. 5695 Acad. Nat. Sci. Coll. Nat. size.
LONG-NOSED BAT.
Type locality. East coast of Brazil.
Geogr. Distr. Guatemala through Central America to Brazil, South America.
Genl. Char. Those of the genus. Incisors small, weak; upper canines with an internal basal cusp; first upper premolar small with anterior basal cusp close to canine; diastema between canine and second premolar; lower second premolar narrow, long.
Color. Above brown, ends of hairs grayish, under parts grayish white.
Measurements. Total length, 53.3; tail, 41.9; forearm, 36.5; thumb, 6.3; third finger, metacarpal, 34.2; fourth finger, metacar- pal, 27.9; fifth finger, 25.4; tibia, 12.7; foot, 6.3. Skull: total length, ii ; occipito-nasal length, 10; Hensel, 8.5; zygomatic width, 6.5; in- terorbital constriction, 2.5; palatal length, 4; length of upper molar series, 2.5; length of mandible, 6.5; length of lower molar series, 4.
610 SACCOPTERYX.
124. Saccopteryx.
T *-*. f — ' 0 ?=?• M ^— 22
i-3-3' U'i-i' r'2-2> M'3-3~ 32>
Saccopteryx Illig., Prodr. Syst. Mamm. et Av., 1811, p. 121. Type
Vespertilio lepturus Schreber. Urocryptus Temm., Tijdschr. Nat. Geschied., v, 1838-39, pp. 31-34,
pi. n, figs. 3, 4. Id. Mon. Mamm., n, 1835-41, p. 294. (Part.) Centronycteris Gray, Mag. Zool. Bot., n, 1838, p. 499. Peters,
Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1867, p. 478. Upper incisors unicuspidate, weak; Antebrachial membrane with a pouch opening on its upper surface in the male; rudimentary or wanting in the female ; tragus narrowed above ; muzzle extending beyond lower lip; wings from the ankles; interfemoral membrane extending beyond where the tail pierces through, large; wing sac with opening along forearm.
FIG. 117. SACCOPTERYX BILINEATA.
No. 78514 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Enlarged 2l/2 times. Face view enlarged 6 times
A. Saccopteryx. Wing sac with opening along forearm.
571. bilineata (Urocryptus), Temm.,V. d. Hoev. Tijds. Nat. Gesch.,
v, 1838, p. 33, figs. 3, 4. WHITE-STRIPED BAT.
Type locality. Surinam.
SACCOPTERYX.
BALANTIOPTERYX.
611
Geogr. Distr. Guatemala to Dutch Guiana, South America.
Genl. Char. Like those of genus; size large; longitudinal stripes on back.
Color. Above dark brown with two white stripes along the center of the back; under parts, fur brown at base, ashy at tip.
Measurements. Total length, 42.6; tail, 15.2; forearm, 35.5; thumb, 5.8; third ringer, metacarpal, 34.2; fifth finger, metacarpal, 29.2; tibia, 15.2; foot, 52.8; ear, 12.7; tragus, 3.5. Skull: occipito- nasal length, 14; Hensel, 11.5; zygomatic width, 10; interorbital con- striction, 2; width of braincase, 8; palatal length, 5; length of upper molar series, 5; length of mandible, angle to symphysis, 12; length of lower molar series, 6.
125. Balaiitiopteryx.
Balantiopteryx Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1867,
p. 476. Type Balantiopteryx plicata Peters. Wing sac opening in center of antebrachial membrane.
572. plicata (Balantiopteryx), Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1867, p. 476.
FIG. 118. BALANTIOPTERYX PLICATA
No. 8902 Field Columbian Mus. Coll Enlarged 2'j times. Face view enlarged 5 times.
612
BALANTIOPTERYX.
POUCHED BAT.
Type locality. Puento Arenas, Costa Rica.
Geogr. Distr. State of Jalisco, opposite Tres Marias Islands, Mexico, into Central America.
Genl. Char. Nostrils resembling those of Taphozous, no groove above; ear conch straight on inner margin, with a tooth near base; outer margin straight terminating on a level with the angle of the mouth.
*Color. Above dark brown, beneath paler; a white line extends from the ankles to the extremity of the fore finger along the margin
FIG. XCV. BALANTIOPTERYX PLICATA.
Slightly larger than life size.
of the wing membrane; wing and interfemoral membranes partly furred.
Measurements. Total length, 29.2; forearm, 43.1; foot, 8.8; ear, 13.9. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 13; Hensel, 10; zygomatic width, 9; interorbital width, 3; width of braincase at auditory meatus, 8; height of braincase above auditory meatus, 7 ; distance across last molar from outer edge, 7; length of upper molar series, 4; palatal length, 4; length of mandible, 10; length of lower molar series, 4.
573. infusca (Saccopteryx), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser.,
xx, 1897, P- 546. THOMAS'S BAT.
Type locality. Cachavi, Northern Ecuador.
Geogr. Distr. Coban, Guatemala, to Ecuador, South America.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. plicata, but smaller and darker; ears narrower; posterior edge of wing membrane not white.
Color. Dark chestnut brown above, paler beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 55; tail, 13; ear, 11.3; tragus, 3.3; calcar, 14.
*An alcoholic specimen in the Field Museum when dried is a lavender gray above and paler beneath, and it does not seem that it could ever have been dark brown. It came from Puenta de Ixtla, State of Morelos, Mexico.
PEROPTERYX.
613
FIG. 119. PEROPTERYX CANINA.
No. 102930 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Enlarged 2l/t times. Nose view enlarged 8 times.
126. Peropteryx.
Peropteryx Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Wiss. Berl., 1867, p. 472.
Type Vespertilio caninus Wied.
Wing sac with opening near anterior margin of antebrachial membrane.
Fio. XCVI. PEROPTERYX CANINA.
No. 102939 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Enlarged 2l/t times nat. size.
614 PEROPTERYX. DECLIDURUS.
574. canina (Vespertilio), Wied, Schinz's Thierr., i, 1821, p. 179. DOG-LIKE BAT.
Type locality. East coast of Brazil.
Geogr. Distr. Guatemala, Central America, to Brazil.
Genl. Char. Ears as long as head, broad; tragus without lobe at base of outer margin ; antebrachial pouch in center of anterior half of upper surface of membrane, sac small; wings from ankles; terminal caudal vertebra pierces the membrane.
Color. Above dark brown ; beneath paler.
Measurements. Total length, 66; tail, 15.2 ; forearm, 45.7 ; thumb, 7.6; third finger, metacarpal, 39.3; fourth finger, metacarpal, 33; fifth finger, metacarpal, 30.4; tibia, 19; foot, 8.8. Skull: occipito- nasal length, 13; zygomatic width, 8; interorbital constriction, 3; width of braincase, 7; palatal length, 4.
127. Declidurus.
J I— I. £ Ini. p ?H?. Jy[ 3l^ _ -2
Declidurus Weid, Isis, 1819, p. 1629. Type Declidurus albus Wied. Muzzle not grooved on the sides; nostrils valvular; deep frontal
FIG. 120. DECLIDURUS ALBUS.
No. 7947 Coll. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y. Skull twice nat. size. Incisors enlarged 5 times.
DECLIDURUS. 615
excavation between eyes; eyes large; thumb short, the claw rudi- mentary and nearly contained in wing membrane; tail in a fold beneath interfemoral membrane, its apex perforating a pouch in center of the membrane and appearing on upper surface; upper incisors separated from canines; first upper premolar very small.
KEY TO THE SPECIES. PAGE
A. Upper incisors with a second external cusp D. albus 615
B. Upper incisors without second external cusp D. virgo 615
FIG. XCVII. DECLIDURUS ALBUS.
ex Dobson, Cat. Chiroptera.
575 albus (Declidurus), Weid, Isis, 1819, p. 1630.
freyreissii Wied, Abbild. zur. Naturg. Bras., pi. xvi. WHITE BAT.
Type locality. Mouth of Rio Pardo, east coast of Brazil.
Gcogr. Distr. Costa Rica, south to Brazil.
Genl. Char. Ears shorter than head, rounded; outer margin of ear conch straight, ending below the eye; tragus broad, short; upper incisors slender, acute, with a second external cusp; lower incisors trifid, central pair separated; first upper premolar very small; first lower premolar smaller than second ; wings from ankles ; claws on feet curved.
Color. General hue creamy white; hairs darker at base.
Measurements. Total length, 54.3; tail, 2.2; forearm, 51.8; thumb, 5.5; third finger, metacarpal, 58.4; fourth finger, metacarpal, 27.4; fifth finger, metacarpal, 26.4; tibia, 19; foot, 10.1. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 14.5; zygomatic width, 12; interorbital con- striction, 5; depth of occiput, 7; width of braincase, 9; palatal length, 5.5 ; length of upper molar series, 5 ; of lower molar series, 7 ; length of mandible from angle, 15.
576. virgo (Declidurus), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser.,
1903, p. 377. ESCAZU WHITE BAT.
Type locality. Escazu, Costa Rica.
Genl. Char. Upper incisors very weak, the main cone without
016
DECLIDURUS.
posterior secondary cusp; minute cusp on cingulum anteriorly, and a second posteriorly; small premolar separated from large premolar, and not occupying all the space between that tooth and the canine.
Color. "Upper parts pure white to roots of hairs, or gray mixed, the hairs then being slaty at base." Underneath the hairs on belly are slaty on basal halves; on chin and sides of body pure white.
Measurements. "Head and body, 80; tail, 22; hind foot, 10; ear, 13; forearm, 66; third finger, metacarpal, 64; first phalanx, 10; fifth finger, metacarpal, 35; first phalanx, 17; calcar, 22. length, 18; front of canine to back of third (Thomas, 1. c.)
Skull: greatest upper molar, 8.1."
FlG. 121. NOCTILIO L. MASTIVUS.
No. 37435 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Enlarged twice nat. size. Incisors enlarged 4 times.
NOCTILIO. 617
Subfam. II. Noctilioninee. 128. Noctilio.
Noctilio Linn., Syst. Nat., i, 1776, p. 88. Type Vespertilio lepo-
rinus Linnaeus.
Ears from sides of head; tragus longer than broad, possessing tooth-like processes; antitragus at base of tragus in front; nose pro- jecting beyond lower lip, nostrils oval; cutaneous ridges on chin; tail short, perforating interfemoral membrane, which extends far beyond its tip; third finger very long. Skull short, broad, with mastoid and
FIG. XCVIII. NOCTILIO L. MASTIVUS. No. 5463 Acad. Nat. Sci. Coll.
paroccipital processes prominent; audital bullae large; postorbital processes lacking; upper incisors unicuspidate, outer incisors very small.
leporinus inasiivus (Vespertilio), Dahl, Skrift. Naturh. Selsk. Kjobenh., iv, 1797, p. 132, pi. 7.
dorsatus Wied, Beit. Natur. Bras., 1826, p. 223.
leporinus Burm., Thier. Bras., 1854, p. 60. (nee Linn.) MUSKY BAT.
Type locality. Island of St. Croix.
Geogr. Distr. Islands of Jamaica, Mona, and St. Croix, West Indies, and in South America to Brazil.
Genl. Char. Slightly larger than N. leporinus ; wing membrane attached along each side of spine, thin, transparent; face warty.
Color. Above yellowish brown; under parts varying from pale fawn to orange; a narrow pale fulvous line along middle of back; face purplish.
Measurements. Total length, 101.6; tail, 25.9; forearm, 82.5;
618
NOCTILIO.
MOLOSSID^E.
MOLOSSUS.
thumb, 11.7; third finger, metacarpal, 76.2; fourth finger, meta- carpal, 76.4; fifth finger, metacarpal, 74.9; tibia, 36.8; foot, 25.6; ear, 25.4; tragus, 6.3. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 26; Hensel, 20; zygo- matic width, 19; interorbital constriction, 7; length of nasals, 5; height of braincase above zygoma, 13; palatal length, n; width between bullae, 4.5; width between last molars, 6; length of upper molar series, alveolar border, 8.5; length of mandible, 16; height at coronoid process, 5.5; length of lower molar series, 10.
Fam. III. Molossicke.
Tail extending far behind interfemoral membrane; legs short, strong.
129. Molossus.
Molossus Geoff., Ann. du Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vi, 1805, p. 154. Type Molossus rujus E. Geoffroy.
FIG. 122. MOLOSSUS RUFUS.
No. 102751 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Twice nat. size. Nose enlarged 4 times.
MOLOSSUS. «19
Dysopcs Illig., Prodr. Syst. Mamm. et \v., 1811, p. 122.
Ears close together, or united at base of their inner margins; muzzle broad, obtuse or obliquely truncate; indistinct vertical wrin- kles on lips, sometimes smooth; tragus short; first and fifth toes thickest, backs of all with long curved hairs. Upper incisors with their cusps close together in front.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Forearm over 50 mm. PAGE
a. Above reddish brown M. rufus 619
b. Above seal brown M. nigricans 620
B. Forearm over 36 mm., under 50 mm M. obscurus 620
C. Forearm not over 36 mm M. tropidorhynchus 620
FIG. XCIX. MOLOSSUS RUFUS.
No. 102789 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Nearly liie sue.
577. rufus (Molossii^, Geoff., Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vi, 1805,
P- i55-
ursinus, Spix, Simia. et Vespert. Bras., 1823, p. 58, pi. xxv, fig. 4.
alecto, Temm., Mon. Mamm., i, 1827, p. 231.
holosericeus , Natt., Weigm., Archiv. f. Naturg., 1843, p. 368.
albus, Natt., Weigm., Archiv." f. Naturg., 1843, p. 368. RUFOUS MASTIFF BAT.
Type locality. Paraguay.
Geogr. Distr. Southern Mexico, through Central America to Paraguay and Bolivia, West Indies.
Genl. Char. Glandular sac directed forward, opposite the an- terior extremity of the sternum in the male ; ears shorter than head ; antitragus circular; tragus small, acute; muzzle extending beyond the jaw; short erect hairs between nostrils; lips smooth; wing membrane from ankles.
Color. General hue of body above and beneath reddish brown.
Measurements. Total length, 128.2; tail vertebrae, 50.8; thumb, 10; forearm, 51; third finger, metacarpal, 50.8; fourth finger, meta- carpal, 49.5; fifth finger, metacarpal, 26; tibia, 17.7; foot, 12.7; ear,
620 MOLOSSUS.
16.5 ; tragus, 2.5. Skull: greatest length, 23 ; basal length, 20; median palatal length, 7.2; interorbital constriction, 4.2: zygomatic breadth, 14; breadth of braincase above roots of zygomata, 1 1 ; mandible, 16.6 ; maxillary tooth row, 8.8; mandibular tooth row, 9.
a. — obscurus (Molossus}, Geoff., Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vi, 1805, p. 155.
longicaiidatus Geoff., Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vi, 1805, p. 155.
acuticaudatus Desm., Mamm., 1820, p. 116.
velox Temm., Mon. Mamm., i, 1827, p. 234.
fuliginosus Gray, Mag. Zool. Bot., n, 1838, p. 501.
olivaceo-fuscus Natt., Wagn., Abh. Akad. Munch., v, 1844, p. 202.
jumarius Burm., Thier. Bras., I, 1854, p. 71.
aztecus Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zool., 2me Ser., xn, 1860, p. 285. DUSKY MASTIFF BAT.
Type locality. Paraguay.
Geogr. Distr. Guatemala, through Central America to Paraguay and Bolivia, South America.
Color. Varying from dark brown to fulvous; lighter on under parts; ears and membranes black.
Measurements. Total length, 79.5; tail, 26.9; forearm, 41.9; thumb, 7.6; third finger, metacarpal, 40.6; fourth finger, metacarpal, 39.6;fifthfinger,metacarpal, 24; tibia, 13.9; foot, io;ear, 13.9; tragus, 2.
578. tropidorhynchus (Molossus), Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist., iv, 1839
p. 6. Sept. PUG-NOSED MASTIFF BAT.
Type locality. Cuba.
Geogr. Distr. West India Islands.
Genl. Char. Similar to M. r. obscurus, but smaller; forearm shorter.
Color. Abcrve mummy brown; beneath Prout's brown.
Measurements. Total length, 83-90; forearm, 32-36; tail, 27-30.
579. nigricans (Molossus), Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.,
1902, p. 395. BLACKISH MASTIFF BAT.
Type locality. Acaponeta, Territorio de Tepic, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Larger than M. rufus, with a heavier rostrum and wider interpterygoid space and palate; teeth heavier.
Color. Upper parts dark seal brown with a crescentic area of broccoli brown on the shoulders ; under parts seal brown washed with broccoli brown, strongest on the throat; ears and membranes blackish brown. A red phase also exists.
Measurements. Total length, 145; forearm, 52.6; thumb, 9;
MOLOSSUS. PROMOPS. 621
second finger, 48; third finger, 100; fourth finger, 80; fifth finger, 51 ; tibia, 1 8. 6; foot, 12. Skull: greatest length, 17.2; basal length, 15; interorbital constriction, 3.4; zygomatic breadth, 10; breadth of braincase above roots of zygomata, 8.8; mandible, 12.4; maxillary tooth row, 6.4; mandibular tooth row, 7.
1 3O. Promops.
T *-'. C-- P *=*• M 3~3 — 70 A-a-a- <--,_,. ^-2_2- M.3_3-30.
Promops Gerv., (nee Spix) Expe"d. du Comte de Castlenau, Zool. Mamm., n, 1855, P- 58. pi- xn- fig8- 3. 3a- (text.) Type Promops ursinus Gervais — Molossus nasutus Spix. Ears close together or united at base of their inner margins; muzzle broad, obtuse or obliquely truncate; lips smooth; tragus short; first and fifth toes thickest, long curved hairs on the back of all of them. Upper incisors, two in number, with their cusps close together in front.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Muzzle rounded in front. PAGE
a. Antitragus circular P. nasutus 621
b. Antitragus semi-oval P. abrasus 623
c. Antitragus broader than high P. orthotis 623
B. Muzzle obliquely truncate.
a. Size large; above gray P. glaucimts 624
b. Size small; above dark bistre, washed with
drab P. nanus 624
580. nasutus (Molossus), Spix, Sim. et Vesp. Bras., 1823, p. 60, pi. xxxv, fig. vn.
fumarius Spix, Sim. et Vesp. Bras., 1823, p. 60, pi. xxxv, figs, v, vi.
ursinus Gervais, Exped. Castlenau, Mamm., 1855, p. 59, pi. xn,
figs. 3, 3a. LARGE-NOSED MASTIFF BAT.
Type locality. Near the Rio San Francisco, Brazil.
Geogr. Distr. Guatemala, through Central America to Brazil, South America.
Genl. Char. Muzzle obtuse; patch of thick, short hairs on upper lip below nostrils; sides of muzzle nearly naked; ears shorter than head ; inner margins uniting on the muzzle in a ridge ; antitragus cir- cular; tragus small with exterior basal projection; gular sac on male.
622
PROMOPS.
FIG. 123. PROMOPS GLAUCINUS.
U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Twice nat. size. Nose view enlarged 5 times.
Color. Above dark brown, beneath paler; base of hairs whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 127.5; tail, 51' forearm, 50.8; thumb, 7.6; third finger, metacarpal, 52.7; fourth ringer, 50.8; fifth finger, 25. 9; tibia, 17. 7; foot, io;ear, i5.2;tragus, 2.
FIG. C. PROMOPS NASUTUS.
ex Dobson, Cat. Bats.
PROMOPS.
623
581. abrasus (Dysopcs), Temm., Mon. Mamm., i, 1827, p. 232. longimanus Wagn., Wiegm. Archiv. f. Naturg., 1843, P- 3^7- leucopkura Wagn., Wiegm. Archiv. f. Naturg., 1843, P- 3^7-
SHAVED MASTIFF BAT.
Type locality. Brazil.
Geogr. Distr. Guatemala, Central America south to Brazil, South America.
Gcnl. Char. Muzzle extending beyond upper lip; edges of nos- trils projecting laterally; lips without wrinkles, fringed with short hairs; gular sac on male; ears large, united anteriorly; antitragus convex; tragus square, angles rounded; wings from base of tibia.
Color. Above reddish brown; beneath paler; base of hairs buffy.
Measurements. Total length, 109.9; tail, 27.4; forearm, 62.2; thumb, 11.4; third finger, metacarpal, 51.8; fourth finger, metacarpal, 51.5; fifth finger, metacarpal, 25.9; foot, 10; ear, 20.3; tragus, 3.
582. orthotis (N yctinomus} , H. Allen, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., xxvi,
1889, p. 561. STRAIGHT-EARED MASTIFF BAT.
Type locality. Island of Jamaica.
Genl. Char. Vertical ridge between nostrils absent, nostrils elliptical, slightly expanded above; upper border of muzzle not pro- jecting, without pectinate spines, but furnished with papillae extend- ing over nostrils; ears united by a band and extending 4 mm. beyond muzzle; ear rounded, the outer border with a lap, in length one-half diameter of ear conch; antitragus thin, broader than high, with a fold of skin extending from it to the mouth; tragus quadrate similar to that of N. brasiliensis ; stout bristles between ears and muzzle.
Color. Upper parts fawn color, fur paler at the base; under parts like back; face and ears dark chestnut.
FIG. Cl. PROMOPS GLAUCINUS. U.S. Nat. M us. Coll.
624 PROMOPS.
Measurements. Total length, 93; tail (in membrane, 25, and free, 9), 34; forearm, 57; thumb, 5; second ringer, metacarpal, 22, third finger, metacarpal, 25; first phalanx, 10; second phalanx, 9; fourth finger, metacarpal, 24; first phalanx, 10; second phalanx, 4; fifth finger, metacarpal, 12; first phalanx, 9; second phalanx, 3; tibia, 20; foot, 7; ear, 20.
583. glaucinus (Dysopes), Wagn., Wiegm. Archiv., f. Naturg., 1843,
Pt. i, p. 368.
ferox Gundl., Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1861, p. 149. CHESTNUT MASTIFF BAT.
Type locality. Cuyaba, Matto Grosso, Brazil.
Geogr. Distr. Island of Jamaica; in South America to Brazil and Bolivia.
Genl. Char. Ears united by their bases near the end of the nose; ear conch convex on both margins ; tragus small with no lobe at base of outer margin; gular sac in male; wings from ankles.
Color. Above chestnut brown, tips of hairs grayish, base light brown ; under parts paler.
Measurements. Total length, 131; tail, 54.6; forearm, 59.6; thumb, 8.8; third finger, 59.6; fourth finger, 57; fifth finger, 25.9; tibia, 20. 3; foot, 12. 7; ear, 22. 8; tragus, 13.5. Skull: total length, 22; occipito-nasal length, 19; Hensel, 14; zygomatic width, 14; interor- bital constriction, 5 ; palatal length, 8.5 ; length of upper molar series, 6.5 ; width of braincase, 11.5 ; length of mandible, 17 ; length of lower molar series. 8.
584. nanus (Promops), Miller, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ?th Ser., vi,
1900, p. 470. DWARF MASTIFF BAT.
Type locality. Bogava, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, 800 feet.
Genl. Char. Miniature of P. glaucinus. Canines not in con- tact with incisors; upper molar with a small distinct cusp.
Color. Above dark bistre washed with ecru drab ; under parts broccoli brown washed with ecru drab; hairs at base smoky gray.
Measurements. "Total length, 75; tail, 34; tibia, n; foot, 7.8; forearm, 38; thumb, 5.5; second digit, 38; third digit, 75; fourth digit, 58; fifth digit, 37. Skull: greatest length, 16.4; basal length, 15; basilar length, 13; median palatal length, 6; zygomatic breadth, 9.8; interorbital constriction, 3.6; mastoid breadth, 9; greatest breadth of braincase above roots of zygomata, 8; lachrymal breadth, 5; mandible, n.6; maxillary tooth row (exclusive of incisor), 6.4; mandibular tooth row (exclusive of incisor), 6.8." (Miller, 1. c.)
NYCTINOMOPS.
131. Nyetinomopa.
-S: C-S; PS; M.S= ,g.
625
1902, p. 393.
Nyctinomops Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.,
Type Nyctinomus femorosacctts Merriam.
"Externally like Nyctinomus. Skull like that of Promops except that the premaxillae are separated in front by a very narrow spade. Upper incisors parallel, the two occasionally in contact."
FIG. 124. NYCTINOMOPS YUCATANICUS.
No. 108162 U.S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Enlarged 2% times. Nose view enlarged 7 times.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Ears large; lower incisors, 2-2. PAGE
a. Upper parts dull brown ; forearm, 46 mm. . . N. jemorosaccus 626
b. Upper parts uniform Vandyke brown; fore-
arm, 42 mm N. yucatanicus 626
c. Upper parts dark brown; forearm, 45 mm N. gracilis 626
d. Upper parts burnt umber; forearm, 60 mm. . .N. depressus 627
e. Upper parts reddish brown; forearm, 55 mm. . .N. macrotis 627
626 NYCTINOMOPS.
585. femorosaccus (Nyctinomous), Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 2, 1889,
P- 23- PALM SPRINGS FREE-TAILED BAT.
Type locality. Agua Caliente, Palm Springs, Riverside County, California.
Geogr. Distr. Riverside County to Ensinada, Lower California, Mexico. Extent of dispersion unknown.
Genl. Char. Incisors ^; lower incisors bifid and crowded, first upper premolar small; second with a very large and high antero- internal cusp; ears thick, keel greatly developed, with a large lobe on its lower third; antitragus higher than long, convex anteriorly, slightly concave posteriorly, and separated by a deep notch; tragus subquadrate; tail more than half exserted; gular sac present; wing membrane from below middle of tibia, and the fur extends out, above, and beneath, as far as a line drawn from the middle of the humerus to the junction of the middle and outer thirds of the femur. (Merr., 1. c.)
Color. Dull brown.
Measurements. Total length, 114; tail, 44; foot, n; ear from base of antitragus, 21 ; forearm, 46; tibia, 14; third finger, metacarpal, 45; first phalanx, 20; second phalanx, 17.5. Skull; total length, 19; Hensel, 15; zygomatic width, n; interorbital constriction, 3.5; width of braincase over zygomata, 8.5; palatal length, 7.5; length of upper molar series, 5; length of lower molar series, 4.
586. yucatanicus (Nyctinomops), Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien.
Phil., 1902, p. 393. YUCATAN FREE-TAILED BAT.
Type locality. Chichen Itza, Yucatan.
Genl. Char. Similar to N. europs., but ear larger, and teeth larger; ear not thickened at edge; antitragus large, higher in propor- tion to its width than in N. europs.
Color. General hue uniform Vandyke brown, the under parts tinged with wood brown; ears and membranes dark brown.
Measurements. Total length, 98 ', tail, 42; forearm, 42; thumb, 8; second finger, 40; third finger, 81; fourth finger, 60; fifth finger, 42; tibia, 12.4; foot, 9; ear from meatus, 15; from crown, n.6; width, 17; tragus, 1.8. Skull: greatest length, 17.2; basal length, 15; inter- orbital constriction, 3.4; zygomatic breadth, 10; breadth of braincase, above roots of zygomata, 8.8; mandible, 12.4; maxillary tooth row, 6.4; mandibular tooth row, 7.
587. gracilis (Dysopes), Wagn., Arch. f. Naturg., 1843, p. 368. GRACEFUL FREE-TAILED BAT.
Type locality. Cuyaba, Matto Grosso, Brazil.
NYCTINOMOPS. 627
Geogr. Distr. Guatemala, through Central America to Brazil, South America.
Genl. Char. Ears united by a low band, antitragus as high as long; ears joined together only by the bases of their inner margins; tragus very small ; lower incisors 2-2 : no gular sac.
Color. Dark brown above and beneath extending on to wing membranes along side of body.
Measurements. Total length, 78.7; tail, 26.6; tail free from membrane, 17.7; forearm, 45.7; thumb, 7.6; third finger, metacarpal, 43; fourth finger, metacarpal, 41.9; fifth finger, metacarpal, 25.4; tibia, 12.7; foot, 8.8; tragus, 2.5.
588. depressus (N yctinomus) , Ward, Am. Nat., xxv, 1891, p. 747,
fig- macrotis nevadensis (Nyctinomus), H. Allen, Mon. N. Am. Bats,
1894, p. 171. TUCUBAYA FREE-TAILED BAT.
Type locality. Tucubaya, Federal District, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Known only from the type locality.
Genl. Char. Ears large, outer margin bilobate; tragus straight; conch with seven diagonally transverse flutings; nostrils opening forward; five flutings on face extending to lip; furrow beneath eye; wing membrane from tibia and calcanea ; outer edges of first and fifth toes fringed with short hairs; gular pouch absent. Upper incisors semi-conical, lower bifid; canines long; first premolars, above and below, smaller than second, and these larger than molars; cusps acute.
Color. Above burnt umber; beneath Prout's brown; base of hairs white.
Measurements. Total length, 79; tail vetebrae, 52; beyond inter- femoral membrane, 33; forearm, 60; thumb, 8; second finger, meta- carpal, 55; third finger, metacarpal, 58; fourth finger, metacarpal, 56; fifth finger, metacarpal, 29; tibia, 18; foot, 13; ear, 25; tragus, 4.5.
589. macrotis (Nyctinomus*), Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist., iv, 1839, p. 5. auritus Natt., Wagn., Wiegm. Archiv. f. Naturg., 1843, P- 368- laticaudatus et CCECUS, Rengg., Saugeth. Parag., 1830, p. 88. aurispinosis Peale, U. S. Expl. Exp., vin, 1844, p. 21.
CUBAN FREE-TAILED BAT.
Type locality. Cuba.
Geogr. Distr. Islands of Cuba and Jamaica, West Indies to Brazil and Paraguay.
Genl. Char. Ears thin; keel of ear conch slender, deep, bent
628
NYCTINOMOPS.
NYCTINOMUS.
backward on itself; antitragus longer than high, separated by a deep notch; muzzle concave, no gular sac. Teeth slender, cusps acute.
Color. Reddish brown above and below.
Measurements. Total length, 79.2; tail, 25.4; forearm, 51.3; thumb, 7.6; third ringer, 51.5; fourth finger, 50.8; fifth finger, 25.4; tibia, 41.9; foot, io;ear, 25.4; tragus, 3.8.
132. Nyctiuomug.
I-S, or g; C.jEj; P-S. or g; M.g = ,8 or 3,. -'
Nyctinomus Geoff., Descr., Egypte. Mamm., n, 1813, p. 114, pi. 2.
Type Nyctinomus ozgypticus E. Geoffrey . Dinops Savi, Nuov. Giorn. de Leth., 1825, p. 230. Dysopes Cretzsch., Rupp. Atl. Reis. Nordl. Afr., Zool., 1826, p. 69. (nee Illig.)
FIG. 125. NYCTINOMUS MEXICANUS.
No. 7860 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Enlarged 3 times. Incisors enlarged 6 times.
NYCTINOMUS. 629
Ears close together at base of inner margins; tragus short, rounded above; muzzle projecting beyond lower lip, broad, obliquely truncate; upper lip grooved with vertical wrinkles, expansible; first and fifth toes thickest; long curved hairs on back of all the toes; premaxills separate in front, or joined only by cartilage; upper incisor at base in contact with canine, the cusps converging inward and forward.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Upper lip with vertical wrinkles.
a. Forearm under 50 mm. PAGE
a/ General color reddish brown N. antillularum 629
b/ Above Prout's brown , .N. mexicanus 629
c/ Above broccoli brown .V. bahamensis 630
d/ Above seal brown N. musculus 630
b. Forearm under 30 mm .V. minutus 630
590. antillularum (Nyctinomus), Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien.
Phila., 1902, p. 398. DOMINICAN FREE-TAILED BAT.
Type locality. Roseau, Island of Dominica.
Geogr. Distr. Islands of Dominica, Montserrat, St. Kitts, and St. Lucia.
Genl. Char. Size small. First lower molar minute and without distinct cingulum.
Color. Like N. macrotis, with red and brown phases.
Measurements. Total length, 83; tail vertebrae, 30; forearm, 47.4; thumb, 7; second finger, 38; third finger, 70; fourth finger, 58; fifth finger, 40; tibia, 12; foot, 6.6; ear from meatus, 15; from crown, 11.4; width, 15. Skull: greatest length, 16; basal length, 14.8; basilar length, 12; median palatal length, 6; interorbital constriction, 3.8; zygomatic breadth, 9 ; breadth of braincase above roots of zygomata, 8; mandible, n; length of upper tooth row, 5.8; lower tooth row (both exclusive of incisors), 6.
591. mexicanus (Nyctinomus}, Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zool., 2me Se"r.,
xii, 1860, p. 283.
mohavensis Merr., N. Am. Faun., No. 2, 1889, p. 25. MEXICAN FREE-TAILED BAT.
Type locality. Cofre de Perote, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, 13,000 feet elevation.
Geogr. Distr. Volcano of Popocatapetl, through northern Mexico and the United States. Lower California.
Genl. Char. Ears square, extending beyond nose when turned forward, very large, rounded, with a well-defined vertical crest behind
630 NYCTINOMUS.
the eye terminating in a curved line that joins the outer border; lower margin of ears wrinkled and carried nearly to the angle of the mouth; nostrils lateral; interfemoral membrane covered with gray hairs ; wing membrane from tarsus ; tail hidden in membrane for half its length. First premolar small.
Color. Above Prout's brown, beneath ashy brown.
Measurements. Total length, 83.5; forearm, 43; tail, 28.9; free portion, 2o.3;thumb, y.6;ear, 17.7 ; width of ears, 14. Skull : occipito- nasal length, 19; zygomatic width, 10; width of braincase, 9; palatal length, 9; upper tooth row, without incisors, 4.5; length of mandible, ii.
592. bahamensis (Nyctinomus), Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien.
Phila., 1902, p. 641. BAHAMAN FREE-TAILED BAT.
Type locality. Governor's Harbor, Eleuthera Island, Bahamas. Genl. Char. Central emargination of nose pad shallow; size large. Color. Above broccoli brown, beneath drab gray. Measurements. Total length, 91 ; forearm, 42 ; tail, 36.
593. musculus (Nyctinomus], Gundl., Monatsb. K. Preus. Akad.
Wiss. Berl., 1861, p. 149. FREE-TAILED MOUSE BAT.
Type locality. Cuba.
Geogr. Distr. Islands of Cuba, Porto Rico, St. Kitts, Trinidad.
Genl. Char. Similar to N. mexicamts but third finger shorter.
Color. Above seal brown, beneath hair brown.
Measurements. Total length, 86; tail vertebrae, 34; third finger, 68-77.
594. minutus (Nyctinomus) , Miller, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
1899, p. 173.
brasiliensis Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1892, p. 316.
(Part.) LITTLE FREE-TAILED BAT.
Type locality. Trinidad, Island of Cuba.
Geogr. Distr. Island of Cuba.
Genl. Char. Smallest species of the genus; ears separate, pointed, slightly keeled; anterior edge of ear without horny excrescences; pad at base of thumb broad and conspicuous. Skull with short, broad rostrum, and conspicuous lachrymal processes; dental formula !•& C.g; P.£; M.g = 28. (Miller, 1. c.)
Color. Dull reddish brown, paler on belly.
Measurements. Total length, 74; tail vertebrae, 28; forearm, 29;
NYCTINOMUS. NATALID^B. NATALIS. 631
thumb, 6; second finger, 25; third finger, 56; fourth finger, 47; fifth finger, 33; tibia, 9; foot, 6; ear from crown, 10; tragus, 4. Skull: greatest length, 13.4; basal length, 12.6; basilar length, 10.4; zygo- matic breadth, 8.6; width of braincase above roots of zygomata, 7; interorbital constriction, 3.4; palatal length, 5; upper tooth row exclusive of incisors, 5; length of mandible, 9.6; lower tooth row without incisors, 6.
Fam. IV. \atalidie. Funnel-eared Bats.
"Small; ears separated, shaped like a funnel; interior surface of conch smooth or papillose without cross striations; muzzle neither simple nor with leaf-like outgrowths; thumb variable, its phalanges sometimes rudimentary; metacarpal never wholly free from mem- brane; third manual digit normally with two phalanges, second longer than first. Skull: braincase abruptly elevated above face line; vomer large, generally fused with posterior edge of bony palate, the anterior extremity always produced as a median spicule appearing at bottom of anterior palatine emargination. Upper incisors four, each widely separated from each other and from canine. Lower incisors six, small; anterior premolars in both jaws large, laterally compressed, and with well-developed cutting edges; maxillary molars with inner side of crown narrow, the protocone well developed, but hypocone rudimentary or absent." (Miller.)
133. Natalis.
*Natalus (sic) Gray, Mag. Zool. & Dot., n, 1838, p. 496. Type
Natalis stramineus Gray. Spectrellum Gerv., Exped. Comte Casteln. I'Ame'r. Sud. Mamm.,
Zool., 1855, p. 51. Id. Compt. Rend. Acad. Scien., Paris,
XLII, 1856, p. 550.
Crown elevated above forehead; muzzle lengthened; lower lip broad; surface of ear conch covered with papillae, the outer margin ending between tragus and angle of mouth; thumb nearly hidden in antebrachial membrane; wing membranes from lower end of tibia; wing and interfemoral membranes with dotted lines over them; tail long, inclosed in interfemoral membrane ; inner upper incisors diverge from the outer pair; first premolar equal to or larger than the second.
*The derivation of this word is not given, and Natalus does not appear in the dictionary. Natalis is a Roman surname ; Natalis, adj., natal, or belong- ing to birth, may have been intended. Natalus is probably a misprint.
632
NATALIS.
FIG. 126. NATALIS STRAMINEUS.
No. 1817 Coll. Acad. Nat. Scien., Pbila.
Enlarged 3H times. Nose view enlarged 7 times.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Tragus broad, tip pointed. PAGE
a. Total length, 93 mm.; forearm, 37 N. stramineus 632
b. Total length, no mm.; forearm, 43 N. s. major 633
c. Total length, 95 mm.; forearm, 35 N. mexicanus 633
FIG. CM. NATALIS STRAMINEUS. ex Dobson, Cat. Chiroptera. Enlarged nearly yt.
595. stramineus (Natalusl), Gray, Mag. Zool. & Bot., n, 1838, p. 496.
splendidus Wagn., Wiegm., Arch. f. Naturg., 1845, p. 148. STRAW-COLORED BAT.
Type locality. Unknown.
NATALIS. 633
Geogr. Distr. Island of Dominica, West Indies; Guatemala, Cen- tral America, to Brazil, South America.
Genl. Char. Crown higher than face; nostrils oval, close together, opening downward ; lower lip grooved in center, with naked cushion on each side; ears shorter than head; tragus broad at base, point acute.
Color. Above light brownish yellow; beneath paler.
Measurements. Total length, 94; tail, 49.5; forearm, 26.6; thumb, 3.8; third finger metacarpal, 26; fourth finger, metacarpal, 31.7; fifth finger, metacarpal, 31.7; tibia, 19; foot, 8.8; tragus, 4.5; ear, 15.2. Skull: greatest length, 17; basal length, 15.6; median palatal length, 8.8; interorbital constriction, 3.2; zygomatic breadth, 9.6; breadth of braincase, 7.8; mandible, 13; maxillary tooth row, 7.8; mandibular tooth row, 7.8.
d. — major (Natalus!), Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phila., 1902,
p. 398. GREAT BAT.
Type locality. Savaneta, Island of Haiti.
Genl. Char. Similar to N. stramineus, but larger.
Color. Same as N. stramineus.
Measurements. Total length, 110-116; tail vertebrae, 61-63; fore- arm, 42-43; thumb, 6; second finger, 43-44; third finger, 80—82; fourth finger, 61-62; fifth finger, 57-58; tibia, 22.4-23; foot, 9-9.8; ear from meatus, 15-16.6; from crown, 12. Female is the larger. Skull: greatest length, 18; basal length, 16.4; palatal length, 9.8; breadth of rostrum at base of canines, 4.4; interorbital constriction, 3.6; zygomatic breadth, 9.6; breadth of braincase, 9; mandible, 14; maxillary tooth row, 8; mandibular tooth row, 8.4.
596. mexicanus (Natalus!), Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phila.,
1902, p. 399. SANTA ANITA BAT.
Type locality. Santa Anita, Lower California, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Smaller than N. stramineus. Skull has a smaller braincase and a more tapering rostrum anteriorly.
Color. Two color phases, a yellow and a brown. The former is a uniform ochraceous, slightly washed on the back with clay color; the latter is broccoli brown, paler on the under parts.
Measurements. Total length, 95; tail, 53; forearm, 35.4; thumb, 5 ; second finger, 37 ; third finger, 77 ; fourth finger, 56 ; fifth finger, 57 ; tibia, 19; foot, 7.6; ear from meatus, 14; from crown, 12. Skull: greatest length, 16; basal length, 14; zygomatic breadth, 8; inter- orbital constriction, 3; width of braincase above roots of zygomata, 7.6; mandible, 12 ; maxillary tooth row, 7 ; mandibular tooth row, 7.
634 NYCTIELLUS.
134. Nyctiellus.
I.g; c.|=J; P.2=2; M.g = 38.
Nyctiellus Gerv. Expend, du Comte de Castelnau, Ame"r. Sud. Mamm.,
1855, p. 84, Plate xv, fig. 6. Type Vespertilio lepidus Gervais.
First premolar minute; crown elevated, highest at posterior
margin; rostrum broad and lengthened; thumb prominent; wing
membrane from near ankle, and with the interfemoral membrane, is
covered with dotted lines similar to those of Natalis. Legs only as
long as body; tail long, wholly inclosed in interfemoral membrane;
inner pair of upper incisors diverge from outer pair, their tips pointing
inward and nearly touching.
FIG. 127. NYCTIELLUS LEPIDUS.
No. 103898 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Enlarged zyz times. Face view enlarged 7 times.
597. lepidus (Vespertilio}, Gerv., in Ramon de la Sagra, Hist, de 1'isle de Cuba, Mamm., 1838, p. 22, pi. i, figs. 1-4.
barbatus GundL, Wiegm., Archiv. f. Naturg., 1840, p. 356.
macrurum Gerv., Compt. Rend. Acad. Scien., Paris, 1856, p. 547. GRACEFUL BAT.
Type locality. Cuba.
Geogr. Distr. Island of Cuba; Isle of Pines.
Genl. Char. Size very small; inner side of conch convex forward, tip rounded slightly, the margin convex on lower half, concave for remainder; tragus triangular with a small lobe at base and ending above in a lengthened narrow spur on inner margin; ears moderate, their lower halves hidden in fur.
Color. Above mummy brown, base of fur pale cinnamon; be-
NYCTIELLUS. CHILONATALIS. 635
neath pinkish buff; ears, wing, and interfemoral membranes pale brown.
Measurements. Total length, 60; forearm, 30; longest finger, 45; tail, 26; tibia, 14; ear, 10. (Skin.) Skull: occipito-nasal length, 12; greatest length, 13; Hensel, 10.5; zygomatic width, 5; interorbital constriction, 2.5; palatal length, 5.5; length of upper molar series, 4; length of mandible, 9; length of lower molar series, 4.2.
135. Chiloiiatalis.
T2-2. pi— i. p 3-3. M3-3_ ,o l'3=3* U^' F-3=3' M-3^3~38-
Chilonatalus (sic) Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1898,
p. 326. Type Natalus! micropus Dobson.
Dermal outgrowths on chin and above nostrils conspicuous; glandular swelling on forehead of males between eyes.
FIG. 128. CHILONATALIS BREVIMANUS.
No. 37779 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. 2Vt times nat. size. Face enlarged 7 times.
KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Frontal gland on forehead between the eyes. PAGE
a. Upper parts chestnut brown; forearm, 33 mm. C. micropus 635
b. Upper parts paler; forearm, 31 mm C. brevimanus 636
c. Upper parts cream buff; forearm 32 mm. . .C. ttimidifrons 637
598. micropus (Natalus!), Dobson, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1880, p. 443. SMALL-FOOTED BAT.
Type locality. Environs of Kingston, Island of Jamaica.
636
CHILONATALIS.
Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality.
Genl. Char. Tip of ear conch rounded, the inner margin pro- jects to end of muzzle; lower lip with a small horizontal cutane- ous projection beneath; wings from lower third of tibia; foot very small; small wart-like process covered with hairs above nostrils.
Color. Above pale yellowish brown at base, rest chestnut brown; under parts uniform yellowish brown.
Measurements. Total length, 73.6; tail, 46.9; forearm, 33 ; thumb, 3.8; third finger, metacarpal, 26.6; fourth finger, metacarpal, 25.6; fifth finger, metacarpal, 26.6; tibia, 16.5; foot, 6.3. Skull: occipito- nasal length, 13; Hensel, 17; zygomatic width, 6; interorbital con- striction, 3 ; length of rostrum, 5 ; height of braincase above auditory meatus, 6; width of braincase, 6; palatal length, 7; length of man- dible, 10.5.
FIG. CHI. CHILONATALIS BREVIMANUS. No. 15821 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Twice nat. size.
599. brevimanus (Chilonatalus!), Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1898, p. 328.
micropus Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y., 1890, p. 169.
(nee Dobson.) SHORT-FINGERED BAT.
Type locality. Old Providence Island, Carribean Sea.
Genl. Char. Smaller than C. micropus Dobson, but ears longer and fingers shorter.
Color. Similar to C. micropus, but paler, possibly the result of long immersion in alcohol.
Measurements. Total length, 81-90; tail vertebrae, 44-49; fore- arm, 31-33.4; thumb, 3.8-4; longest finger, 57; tibia, 15-15.6; foot, 6-7; ear, 13-14.4; tragus, 4-5.
CHILONATALIS. THYROPTERA. 637
600. tumidifrons (Chilonatahis!), Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvi,
1903, p. 119. WATLING'S ISLAND BAT.
Type locality. Cave near Sandy Point, at the southwest corner of Watling's Island, Bahamas.
Genl. Char. Frontal gland extending from middle of forehead nearly to end of muzzle and rising 5 mm. above level of eye. Skull and teeth essentially as in C. micropus.
Color. Cream buff clouded on the upper parts with broccoli brown; ears light yellowish brown, edges darker; membranes dark brown.
Measurements. Total length, 87; head and body, 40; tail, 47; tibia, 18; foot, 7; forearm, 32; thumb, 5; second ringer, 34; third finger, 65; fourth finger, 48; fifth finger, 49; ear from meatus, 14; from crown, n ; width, 16. Skull: greatest length, 15.8; basal length, 14; basilar length, 13; zygomatic breadth, 7.4; greatest breadth of braincase, 6.6; mandible, 11.4; maxillary tooth row exclusive of inci- sors, alveolar border, 6.8; mandibular tooth row exclusive of incisors, alveolar border, 7.
136. Thyroptera.
T 2-2. pl^. p 3JZ3. AT 3=3 _ -O
1'3-3' UM; F<3-3' M-3-3-~3b-
Thyroptera Spix, Simiar. et Vespert. Brasil., 1823, p. 61. Type
Thyroptera tricolor Spix. Hyonycteris Licht. & Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss.
Berl., 1854, p. 335.
Size small; tail long; wing membrane from ankle, very thin; calcar very short; no nose-leaf; muzzle lengthened; crown elevated; base of thumbs and soles of feet with hollow suctorial disks ; tail extending slightly beyond interfemoral membrane; middle finger with three phalanges.
601. discifera (Hyonycteris), Licht. & Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1854, p. 336. Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., x, 1896, p. 109. DISK-BEARING BAT.
Type locality. Puerto Caballos, District of Cortez, Honduras, Central America.
Geogr. Distr. Honduras, south to South America.
Genl. Char. Size very small; ear small, funnel-shaped, much hid-
638
THYROPTERA.
FIG. 129. THYROPTERA DISCIFERA.
No. 105419 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. 2% times nat. size. Face enlarged 7 times.
den in fur; tips pointed, lower two-thirds of outer margin convex, terminating midway between tragus and angle of mouth; upper por- tion of outer margin concave; "tragus short, with a prominent lobule opposite the base of its inner margin directed forward, ab- ruptly narrowed in upper third, very acutely pointed and curved inward ' ' ; deep pit between nostrils ; lower lip with groove on each side inclosing an angular cushion; wing membrane to ankles; a cir- cular hollow disk on ball of thumb and another smaller one on sole of the foot; upper incisors directed forward and inward, bifid; lower incisors trifid; canines small; the first upper premolar smaller than second, and first lower premolar also smaller than second but larger than canine; middle lower molar largest.
FIG. CIV. THYROPTERA DISCIFERA. No. 102923 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll.
THYROPTERA. CHILONYCTERIS. 639
Color. Above reddish brown, under parts pale yellowish white; membranes dark brown.
Measurements. Total length, 68.5; forearm, 38; third finger, 35.5; fourth ringer, 35.5; fifth finger, 30.4; tibia, 17.7; tail, 25.4; free por- tion, 7.6; ear, 12.7; tragus, 4.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 13; Hensel, 11.5; zygomatic width, 6; interorbital constriction, 2; palatal length, 6.2; height of braincase, above zygomata, 5; length of upper tooth row, 5 ; length of mandible, 11.2; length of lower molar series, 5.
The Bats of the next family gained their trivial name not so much for any especially bad habits the majority may have possessed, but on account of the blood-sucking propensities of the Desmodontine section. Indeed, some of the species are far removed from the ranks of the Vampires and are insect-eaters, while a large number live on both insects and fruit. The species of the various genera differ widely in their appearance, some of them with their large «ars and exaggerated cutaneous appendages presenting very extraordinary visages. The color of their fur is dull in hue, and some species are marked with white streaks. The blood-sucking members are modified in body and teeth to adapt them more perfectly for their nefarious practices. The Vampire group in this volume ends with the genus Hemiderma.
Pam. V. Phyllostomatidw. Vampire Bats.
Cutaneous processes surrounding or close to the nasal apertures; ears moderately large, tragi well developed; middle finger with three phalanges, index-finger with one phalanx; premaxillae united; tail variable, either well developed or absent; eyes large.
Subfam. I. Monnopinse. 137. Chiloiiycteris.
Chilonycteris Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist., or Mag. Zool. Bot. Geol., iv, (1839), p. 4. Type Chilonycteris macleayi Gray.
Lobostoma Gundl., in Wiegm., Archiv. f. Naturg., i, 1840, p. 356.
Phyllodia Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 50.
Muzzle broad; nostrils close together; lower lip folded outward with numerous papillae in front; ears broad at base, attenuate towards tip; tragus longer than broad, with lobule at center of the
640 CHILONYCTERIS.
margin; upper middle incisor larger than outer, edges notched; wing membrane joined to extremity of calcaneum and from the tibia; tail perforating the interfemoral membrane and appearing above; membrane large, calcanea long.
FIG. 130. CHILONYCTERIS BOOTHI.
No. 103821 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. 3 times nat. size. Nose enlarged 6 times.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Wings from the sides of the back.
a. Forearm under 50 mm.
a/ Tooth-like projection from margin of nos- PAGE
tril C. macleayi 641
b/ No tooth-like projection from margin of nostril.
a." Above dark brown, paler beneath C. personata 641
b." Above dark orange, beneath paler
orange C. psilotis 642
b. Forearm over 50 mm.
a/ Conical projection on muzzle above.
a." First lower premolar in contact with
third C. parnelli 642
b." First lower premolar not in contact
with third.
CHILONVCTERIS.
a.'" Ear from meatus, 23-24 mm C. boothi
b/" Ear from meatus, 19-21 mm C. portoricensis
b.' Rounded projection on muzzle above, a." Size large; total length, 91.25 mm.;
above dark brown C. rubiginosa
b." Size small; total length, 81 mm.; above
broccoli brown . . ..C. mexicana
641 PAGE
642
643
643 644
FIG. CV. CHILONYCTERIS MACLEAYI. No. 102483 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. About nat. size.
602. macleayi (Chilonycteris] , Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., or Mag.
Zool. Bot. Geol., iv, 1839, p. 5, pi. i, fig. 2.
quadridens Gundl., in Wiegm., Archiv. fiir. Naturg., 1840, p. 357.
*]uliginosa Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 20.
*grisea Gosse, Nat. Sojourn in Jamaica, 1851, p. 326, pi. iv, fig. i. MACLEAY'S BAT.
Type locality. Cuba.
Geogr. Distr. Islands of Cuba, Haiti, and Jamaica, West Indies.
Genl. Char. Wings from sides of back; lower third of ear conch separated by a right-angled notch from upper portion; outer margin convex, forming an acute-angled notch ; upper margin of nostrils with tooth-like projection.
Color. Rufous phase : upper parts mars brown suffused with burnt umber on back; beneath fawn. Brown phase: above sepia, paler on head and neck; beneath pale isabella, basal portion of fur seal brown. Membranes from Vandyke brown to black.
Measurements. Total length, 59-65; tail, 18-20; forearm, 41.9; thumb, 6.3; third finger, metacarpal, 36.8; fourth finger, metacarpal, 33; fifth finger, metacarpal, 29.2; tibia, 15.2 ; foot, 8. 3; ear, 16; tragus, 5.
603. personata (Chilonycteris), Wagn., Archiv. fiir Naturg., 1843,
P- 367- MASKED BAT.
Type locality. Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Geogr. Distr. Guatemala, Central America, to Brazil, South America.
*Mr. J. A. G. Rehn considers these valid subspecies. See Appendix, p. 747.
642 CHILONYCTERIS.
Genl. Char. No cutaneous projection from upper margin of nos- trils; a right-angled notch at the junction of lower two-thirds and upper one-third of the margin of ear conch.
Color. Above dark brown, beneath paler.
Measurements. Total length, 52.8; tail, 17.7; forearm, 44.4; ear, 15.
604. psilotis (ChUonycteris), Dobson, Cat. Chirop. Brit. Mus., 1878,
p. 451, pi. xxm, fig. 2. Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1902, p. 249. SHAGGY-EARED BAT.
Type locality. Unknown.
Geogr. Distr. Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico; range un- known.
Genl. Char. Outer side of ear without notch, margin almost straight, and no projections from upper margins of nostrils.
Color. General hue orange, palest on under parts.
Measurements. Total length, 62; tail, 16; tibia, 17; foot, 9; fore- arm, 44 ; thumb, 8 ; second finger, 37 ; third finger, 7 1 ; fourth finger, 50 ; fifth finger, 47; ear from meatus, 15.8; from crown, 11.4; width of ear, 7. Skull: greatest length, 15; basal length, 12.6; basilar length, 1 1. 6; zygomatic breadth, 8.2; breadth of braincase above roots of zygomata, 8.
605. parnelli (Phyllodia), Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, P- 5°- osburni Tomes, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1861, p. 66, pi. xm.
PARNELL'S BAT.
Type locality. Island of Jamaica.
Geogr. Distr. Island of Jamaica.
Genl. Char. Size large; inner margin of ear conch convex, outer margin with an obtuse angled notch on lower two-thirds; conical elevation on muzzle; membranes nearly naked; no projection from margin of nostrils; first lower premolar in contact with third.
Color. Above dark grayish brown ; beneath ashy.
Measurements. Total length of head and body, 58; forearm, 53; thumb, 6.3; third finger, metacarpal, 27.4; fourth finger, metacarpal, 41.9; fifth finger, metacarpal, 41. 9; tibia, 17.7; foot, 11.4; ear, 19.
606. booth! (Chilonycteris), Gundl. & Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss.
Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1861, p. 154. BOOTH'S BAT.
Type locality. Fundador, Island of Cuba.
Genl. Char. Similar to C. parnelli, but first lower premolar not in contact with the third; ears broad, pointed.
CHILONYCTERIS. 643
Color. Above light gray, base of fur dark; beneath lighter; throat and abdomen yellowish; bare part of face reddish; wing membrane blackish brown; bristles on nose white.
Measurements. Total length, 76.7; tail vertebrae, 15.2; forearm, 52; longest finger, 88-90; thumb, 8-8.5; tibia, 20-21; foot, 12. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 13; Hensel, 10; zygomatic width, 7; interor- bital constriction, 3 ; palatal length, 5 ; height of braincase at bullae, 7 ; length of upper molar series, 4.
607. portoricensis (Chilonycteris) , Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien.
Phil., 1902, p. 400. PORTO RICAN BAT.
Type locality. Cave near Pueblo Viejo, Island of Porto Rico.
Genl. Char. Similar to C. boothi; ears smaller. .
Color. Above dark brown; beneath broccoli brown washed with ecru drab; ears and membranes blackish brown.
Measurements. Total length, 92: tail, 22; forearm, 51.4; thumb, 8; second finger, 42; third finger, 85; fourth finger, 58; fifth finger, 58; tibia, 1 8. 8; foot, 10; ear from meatus, 20. Skull: greatest length, 20; basal length, 18.6; interorbital constriction, 4; lachrymal breadth, 7.4; zygomatic breadth, n; mandible, 15; maxillary tooth row, 8.8; mandibular tooth row, 9.
608. rubiginosa (Chilonycteris), Wagn., in Wiegm., Archiv. fur
Naturg., ix, bd. i, 1843, p. 367. DARK BROWN BAT.
Type locality. Caicara, Brazil.
Geogr. Distr. States of Vera Cruz and Michoacan, Mexico, south to Brazil.
Genl. Char. Pelage thin; ear naked, inner margin of conch con- vex, outer side emarginate; cutaneous process on muzzle only slightly elevated, with a low ridge placed at right angles; inner incisors trifid, outer bifid.
Color. Above dark brown, beneath pale grayish brown; ears and membranes pale brown; wing and interfemoral membranes edged with whitish; ears at base whitish.
Measurements. Total length, 91.7; tail vertebras, 25.4; thumb, 6.3; forearm, 12.2; third finger, metacarpal, 50.8; fourth finger, meta- carpal, 50.8; fifth finger, metacarpal, 48.2; tibia, 20.3; foot, 11.4; ear, 23.5; tragus, 7.6. Skull: greatest length, 22; basilar length, 19; interorbital constriction, 4.4; lachrymal breadth, 8.6; zygomatic breadth, 13; mandible, 17; maxillary tooth row, 10; mandibular tooth row, ii.
644 CHILONYCTERIS. DERMONOTUS.
609. mexicana (Chilonycteris), Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phila.,
1902, p. 401. MEXICAN BAT.
Type locality. San Bias, Territorio de Tepic, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Central and southern Mexico from State of Durango through Province of Tepic on the west, and States of Jalisco, Colima, and Morelos, to State of Oaxaca in the south.
Genl. Char. Similar to C. rubiginosa, but smaller in size and paler in color.
Color. Two phases. Upper surface dark broccoli brown; under parts pale wood brown; ears and membranes dark brown. This is the brown phase. ' The yellow phase has the entire head and body tawny ochraceous, with the hairs on belly dull brown at base.
Measurements. Total length, 82; tail, 20; forearm, 54; thumb, 7; second finger, 45; third finger, 90; fourth finger, 71; fifth finger, 67; tibia, 19.4; foot, n.6; ear from meatus, 21. Skull: greatest length, 20; basal length, 19; basilar length, 17; interorbital constriction, 4.4; lachrymal breadth, 7.8; zygomatic width, n.8; length of mandible, 15; upper tooth row, without incisors, 9; lower tooth row without incisors, 9.4.
138. Dermoiiotus.
T 4-4 . p l-l . p 2-2 . M 3— 3 _ l-F5' Ui=i' F'3=3' M'F3-42'
Dermonotus Gill, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xiv, 1901, p. 177. Type
Pteronotus davyi Gray. Pteronotus Gray, Mag. Zool. Bot., n, 1838, p. 500. (nee Rafin.)
Wings from the spine ; otherwise like Chilonycteris .
610. davyi (Pteronotus), Gray, Mag. Zool. Bot., n, 1838, p. 500. DAVY'S BAT.
Type locality. Island of Trinidad.
Geogr. Distr. Islands of Dominica and Trinidad, south to Brazil.
Genl. Char. Back behind shoulders .naked; wings from the middle of the tibia and from the calcanea ; outer side of ear with obtuse notch ; obtuse process from front of muzzle on each side.
Color. Two phases; one reddish brown, the other fulvous chest- nut.
Measurements. Total length, 76.2 ; tail, 25.8 ; forearm, 47 ; thumb, 6.3; third finger, metacarpal, 42; fourth finger, metacarpal, 35.5;
DERMONOTUS.
(545
FIG. 131. DERMONOTUS DAVYI.
No. 2324 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. 3 times nat. size. Nose enlarged 8 times.
fifth finger, metacarpal, 33; tibia, 17.7; foot, 10; ear, 15.2; tragus, 5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 15; Hensel, n; zygomatic width, 8; interorbital constriction, 3; width of braincase, 7.5; palatal length,
FIG. CVI. DERMONOTUS DAVYI.
No. 2324 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. Nearly twice nat. size.
64(5 DERMONOTUS. MORMOPS.
5.5 ; length of upper molar series, 4; length of mandible, n ; length of lower molar series, 4.5.
a. — fulvus (Chilonycteris), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser.,
x, 1892, p. 410. LAS PENAS BAT.
Type locality. Las Penas, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Smaller than D. davyi, but brighter colored. Skull small, narrow.
Color. Brilliant fulvous chestnut.
Measurements. Total length, 60-64; tail vertebrae, 20-21; fore- arm, 42-43; longest finger, 73-74; thumb, 6.5-7; tibia, 16-18; foot, 10.
The members of the next genus, MORMOPS, are remarkable for the peculiar formation of the skull, the forehead being highly elevated at almost a right angle to the face, presenting a unique appearance. Four forms are found within the limits covered by this work, and one is extra-limital, Island of Curacoa.
139. Mormops.
T 4-4. p l-I . p 2-2. M 3-3 _
i-jzj; u— ; f.3_3, M.— _42.
J. A. G. Rehn, A revision of the Genus Mormoops (sic), Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1902, p. 160.
Mormoops (sic) Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc., xin,* 1820, p. 76. Type
Mormoops! blainvillii Leach.
Crown elevated high above line of face ; nostrils destitute of cuta- neous appendages and directed downward; ears close together, some- times united by prolongations from the muzzle on their inner mar- gins; cutaneous processes on chin and sides of lips.
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES. A. Chin pad divided deeply.
a. Second upper premolar broad as long; inter- PAGE nal lobe moderately developed M. megalophylla 648
b. Second upper premolar broader than long;
internal lobe much developed M. m. senicula 648
*Miller & Rehn in their List, p. 277, give the date of this publication as 1822 ; Rehn in his Review of the genus, 1. c. p. 160, gives it as 1820, and Palmer in his Index Gen. Mam m., as 1821. The paper was read before the Society the 22d February, 1820, and it is reasonable to believe it was published in that year.
MORMOPS.
647
FIG. 132. MORMOPS MEGALOPHYLLA.
No. 80 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Enlarged 3 times. Incisors enlarged 8 times.
B. Chin pad slightly divided.
a. First upper premolar thickest in middle, the PAGE tooth with a rhomboid outline M. blainvillii 649
b. First upper premolar thickest posteriorly,
the tooth with a subconoid outline .... M. b. cinnamomea 649
048 MORMOPS.
611. megalophylla (Mormops), Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad.
Wiss., Berl., 1864, p. 381. BIG-EARED BAT.
Type locality. Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Islands of Cuba and Jamaica; eastern and south- ern Mexico to Brazil.
Genl. Char. Ear broad as high, tip rounded; extremity of muzzle truncate; lower jaw projecting slightly beyond the upper; wings from inferior surface of tibia; interfemoral membrane extending beyond tail ; tibia long.
Color. Dark reddish brown above and beneath.
Measurements. Length of head and body, 74.7; forearm, 54; tibia, 21.5; foot, 10. "Skull: greatest length, 14.6: basal length, 14.6;
FIG. CVII. MORMOPS MEGALOPHYLLA.
ex Dobson, Cat. Chiroptera. i*4 nat. size.
palatal length, 8.4; least interorbital breadth, 5; lachrymal breadth, 7; zygomatic breadth, 9.2; mastoid breadth, 8.6; breadth of brain case, 8.8; mandible, 12.8."
a. — senicula (Mormoops!}, Rehn. Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phila., 1902, p. 169.
megalophylla Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xm, 1900, p. 166.
(nee Peters.) ANTIQUE BAT.
Type locality. Fort Clark, Kinney County, Texas.
Geogr. Distr. Southern Texas, into northern and central Mexico, to State of Morelos.
Genl. Char. Second upper premolar broad and heavy with a well- developed internal lobe.
Color. Above broccoli brown suffused with silver; nape and upper part of head lighter (pale ^cru) ; beneath wood brown, sides and flanks e"cru; membranes hair brown.
Measurements. Total length, 90; tail vertebrae, 28; expanse of wings, 373; longest ringer, 90; forearm, 56. Skull: average of four
MORMOPS. PHYLLOSTOMATIN.S. LONCHORINA. 649
specimens: total length, 15; zygomatic width, 9.6; interorbital con- striction, 5.4; palatal length, 8.
612. blainvillii (Mormoops!), Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc., xm, 1820,
p. 77, pi. vn, figs. 1-4. DE BLAINVILLE'S BAT.
Type locality. Island of Jamaica.
Geogr. Distr. Islands of Cuba and Jamaica.
Genl. Char. Similar to M. megalophylla, but smaller, and the ears are united near the end of the muzzle; tragus triangular, its termi- nation not rounded, and with a round process at base; wart behind eye; ear conch notched near muzzle; two fleshy processes on sides of upper lip, which is notched near angle of mouth where a deep lobe projects forward.
Color. Dark orange brown ; under parts bright orange, (ex topo- type, Kingston, Jamaica.)
Measurements. Total length, 78.3; tail, 28.3; forearm, 44.5; thumb, 62; third finger, 43; fourth finger, 38; fifth finger, 27.9; tibia, 20; foot, 8; ear, 13.9; tragus, 6.3.
a. — cinnamomea (Lobostoma) , Gundlach, in Wiegm., Archiv. fur
Naturg., vi, bd. i, 1840, p. 357. CINNAMON BAT.
Type locality. Cafetal San Antonio el Fundador, Cuba.
Geogr. Distr. Islands of Cuba, Haiti, and Mona.
Genl. Char. Similar to M. blainvillii, but first upper premolar different in shape.
Color. Above walnut brown, beneath e"cru drab; ears and mem- branes blackish brown.
Measurements. Total length, 51.2; head, 16.8; forearm, 44.5; thumb, 6.6; third finger, 83.1; tibia, 19.5; calcaneum, 19.4; foot, 8.5; tail, 25.8; ear, 15; tragus, 4.4. Skull: average of two specimens, total length, 13.5; zygomatic width, 8.8; interorbital width, 4.2; palatal length, 8.
Sub f am. II. Phyllostomatinse. 14O. Ljoiichoriua.
j 4-4. pll^. p?Z£. M^ = A2
1V5' UM' F'3-3' M>3-3 42'
Lonchorina Tomes, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1863, p. 81, pi. 12. Type Lon-
chirina aurita Tomes. Top of head elevated, face depressed; posterior lanceolate face
650
LONCHORINA.
leaf very long, pointed, and with distinct mid rib; nostrils situated in a pit divided by a ridge, with a trifoliate fleshy excrescence between them; lower lip with a smooth triangular space; wing membrane to end of tibia; tail extending the length of the interfemoral membrane.
FIG. 133. LONCHORINA AURITA. ex Dobson, Cat. Chiroptera. Nat. size.
613. aurita (Lonchorina) , Tomes, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1863, p. 83. TOMES' LONG-EARED BAT.
Type locality. West Indies; island unknown.
Genl. Char. Lance-shaped nose-leaf greatly developed; ears as long as head, broad, pointed; tragus tapering, subacute, half as long
F"3. CVIII. LONCHORINA AURITA. ex Dobson, Cat. Chiroptera.
as ear, with an obtuse angle near base with a notch above it; wing membrane attached to os calcis; feet large, claws long, hooked; middle- upper incisors flat, pointed; lateral ones minute, with a basal posterior lobe ; canines small ; anterior premolar small with two cusps ; second premolar prominent; lower canines with a cingulum, as has also the second premolar.
Color. Above light reddish brown; beneath paler.
Measurements. Total length, 116.8; tail, 55.8; forearm, 50.8;
LONCHORINA.
OTOPTERUS.
651
longest finger, 45.7; foot, 12.7; ear, 29.2; tragus, 17.7; nose-leaf, 26.6. Skull: total length, 24; interorbital constriction, u; length of upper tooth row, 10; of mandible, 15.
The members of the genus OTOPTERUS are among the large species of the moderate sized bats, and are conspicuous for their huge ears. They are not over-particular as to their diet, and eat insects, fruits, and small bats when they can get them. They can rise into the air from a horizontal surface, a feat quite impossible to many species of other genera, and if they take up their abode in a house, it is said they always select the cellar, never the roof.
141. Otopterus.
Otopterus Flower & Lydekker, Mamm. Living & Extinct, 1891, P- 673-
FIG. 134. OTOPTERUS WATERHOUSII.
No. 1 106 Field Columbian Mus. Twice nat. size. Nose enlarged 4 times.
652
OTOPTERUS.
Macrotus Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 21. (nee Leach, Vespertil., 1816. nee Dej. Coleopt., 1833. nee Reid, Mar- supialia, 1836.) Type Macrotus waterhousii Gray. Ears large, united above and between eyes by membrane; tragus acute, elongated; nose-leaf shaped like a horseshoe in front, triangular behind; lower lip grooved, triangular wart in front; antebrachial membrane developed; tail elongate, tapering, projecting beyond margin of interfemoral membrane.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Ears longer than the head.
a. Forearm over 50 mm.
a/ Above dark reddish brown; yellow patch
on hind back 0. waterhousii
b/ Above dark grayish brown 0. mexicanus
b. Forearm under 30 mm O. californicus
. Ears as long as the head.
a. Forearm over 60 mm 0. bocourtianus
b. Forearm under 50 mm O. bulleri
B
PAGE 652
653
653
654
654
FIG. CIX. OTOPTERUS WATERHOUSII. ex Dobson, Cat. Chiroptera.
614. waterhousii (Macrotus}, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, P- 2I- WATERHOUSE'S LARGE-EARED BAT.
Type locality. Island of Haiti.
Geogr. Distr. Islands of Cuba, Haiti, and Jamaica, West Indies.
Genl. Char. Similar to O.mexicanus, but color different; mem- branes darker; nose-leaf blackish.
Color. Above dark reddish brown, grading into yellowish brown on a patch-like surface on each side of the posterior part of the dorsal region ; base of fur white, also at base of ears posteriorly ; under parts pale gray; ears brown; membranes black.
Measurements. Total length, 91.2; tail, 26.4; forearm, 50.8; thumb, 8.9; third finger, metacarpal, 38; fourth finger, metacarpal,
OTOPTERUS. 653
36.8; fifth finger, metacarpal, 40.6; tibia, 21.5; foot, 12.7; ear, 30.5; tragus, 11.4. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 23; zygomatic width, 12; height of braincase, 9.5 ; interorbital constriction, 4; palatal length, 10; postpalatal length, 8; mastoid breadth, n; length of upper molar series, 8; length of mandible, 17 ; lower molar series, 9.5.
615. mexicanus (Macrotus), Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zool., 2me Se>., xn,
1860, p. 486. SAUSSURE'S LARGE-EARED BAT.
Type locality. District of Yautepec, near Cuautla, State of Morelos, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Tres Marias Islands, State of Jalisco, south to States of Mexico and Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar in size to O. waterhousii and 0. bocourtianus , but paler in color ; deep groove on side of face beneath eye ; ears very large, longer than head; outer margin of ear conch convex, rounded above and with a notch opposite tragus ; tragus twice as long as broad , pointed; under lip grooved; nose-leaf small, placed at end of muzzle.
Color. Above dark grayish brown, basal position of fur white; beneath gray tinged with rufous; membranes and ears pale brown.
Measurements. Length of forearm, 50; thumb, 8.8; third finger, metacarpal, 39; fourth finger, metacarpal, 36; fifth finger, meta- carpal, 40; tibia, 21.5; foot, 12.7; ear, 30; tragus, 11.4; tail vertebrae, 26.4. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 21; zygomatic width, 12; inter- orbital width, 4; height of braincase, 8; palatal length, n; length of mandible, 16.
616. californicus (Macrotus), Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.,
1858, p. 116. Elliot, Syn. N. Am. Mamm., 1901, p. 420. CALIFORNIA LARGE-EARED BAT.
Type locality. Old Fort Yuma, San Diego County, California.
Geogr. Distr. Lower California probably (obtained near the bor- der), into southern California.
Genl. Char. Similar to O. waterhousii Gray. Auricle longer than head; basal lobes developed; nose-leaf with defined lower bor- der; internal border of tragus thickened, and revoluted portion at base of external border swollen; lower lip grooved with a small wart on each side of the groove ; fur bicolor.
Color. Above and below gray, base of fur white, terminal third fawn.
Measurements. Total length, 104; tail vertebrae, 38; tibia, 21; foot, 12.7 ; forearm, 50.8 ; longest finger, 36 ; height of ear, 27.9 ; tragus, 10.6. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 20.5; zygomatic width, 12;
654 OTOPTERUS.
interorbital constriction, 4.5; palatal length, 9.5; length of mandi- ble, 15.
617. bocourtianus (Macrotus), Dobson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th
Ser., xvni, 1876, p. 436. BOCOURT'S LARGE-EARED BAT.
Type locality. Vera Paz., Guatemala.
Geogr. Distr. Yucatan? Mexico, Guatemala.
Genl. Char. "Front margin of nose-leaf illy defined, terminal leaf narrow and pointed; last caudal vertebrae and half of the antepenul- timate vertebras, free; the free portion of tail nearly equal to the thumb in length." Similar to 0. waterhousii, but darker; ears smaller.
Color. Above uniform umber brown, tip of fur light brown and base white ; under parts pale grayish brown ; membrane blackish when folded, brown when expanded.
Measurements. Total length, 90; forearm, 52; foot, 11.4; third finger, metacarpal, 38; fourth finger, metacarpal, 35.5; tibia, 21.5; ear, 25.4; tragus, 10; tail free from membrane, 10. Skull: occipito- nasal length, 22; zygomatic width, 12; height of braincase, n; inter- orbital constriction, 4; palatal length, 10; length of mandible, 16.
618. bulleri (Macrotus), H. Allen, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., xxvm, 1890,
P- 73- BULLER'S LARGE-EARED BAT.
Type locality. Bolanos, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. States of Jalisco and Guadalajara, Mexico.
Genl. Char. "Auricle scarcely longer than the head; internal basal lobule rudimental and projects about a millimeter beyond the juncture of the inter auricular membrane; tragus with convex anterior border for basal two-thirds, and an abruptly acuminate apical third ; outer border straight. Skull: Squamosal portion of zygoma not more than one-half the size of that of M. calif ornicus ." (H. Allen, I.e.)
Color. Above sooty, basal two-thirds of fur white; beneath gray, basal portion of fur whitish.
Measurements. Length of forearm, 44; thumb, 5; first finger, metacarpal, 44; second finger, metacarpal, 45; third finger, meta- carpal, 32; fourth finger, metacarpal, 32; tibia, 16; foot, 13; tragus, 6. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 29; zygomatic width, 9; interorbital con- striction, 4; height of braincase, 8; palatal length, 8; length of man- dible, 14.
*The specimen here described was received at the Field Columbian Museum in a small lot of skins and labeled Yucatan.
OTOPTERUS. VAMPYRUS. 655
The next genus contains the largest species of bat known in the New World, the V. spectrum, which formerly bore a very bad repu- tation, and was accused of sanguineous habits, but all such charges have been proved false, as the animal is now known to subsist mainly on fruits, and is harmless.
142. Vaiiipyrus.
Vampyrus Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc., xm, 1820, p. 79. Type
Vespertilio spectrum Linnaeus.
Muzzle long, narrow ; nose-leaf horseshoe form ; ridge on each side of lower lip in front with a deep groove between; wings from base of toes; tail not present, or very short; ears large, not connected; ear conch, terminating in front of base of tragus; tragus long, external marginal processes prominent ; outer lower incisors sometimes absent ; molar with W-shaped cusps.
FIG. 135. VAMPYRUS SPECTRUM. Nat. size. Nose view enlarged V*.
656 VAMPYRUS. CHROTOPTERUS.
619. spectrum (Vespertilio), Linn. Syst. Nat., i, 1758, p. 31; i, 1766,
p. 46. SPECTER BAT.
Type locality. "America Australi."
Geogr. Distr. Guatemala, Central America, to Brazil, South America ; Island of Jamaica.
Genl. Char. Muzzle long and narrow; nose-leaf lanceolate ovate, horseshoe with free expanded margin, laterally turned upward; wide groove bounded by a narrow naked ridge on lower lip; ears large, but shorter than head, rounded above; tragus terminating in an acute process; wing membrane extending to basal third of outer toe; inter- femoral reaching beyond the feet; tail none; canines very large; incisors, ^.
Color. Above reddish brown, beneath reddish yellow.
Measurements. Total length, 215.9; tail, 76.2; forearm, 106.6; thumb, 33; third finger, metacarpal, 73.6; fourth finger, metacarpal, 76.7; fifth finger, metacarpal, 88.9; tibia, 50.8; foot, 30.4; ear, 45.7; tragus, 13.9. Skull: total length, 51; occipito-nasal length, 43; Hen- sel, 38.5; zygomatic width, 23.5; interorbital constriction, 9; palatal length, 23; length of upper molar series, 16; length of mandible, 34; length of lower molar series, 18.
143. Chrotopterus.
Chrotopterus Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1865, p. 505. Type Vampyrus auritus Peters.
Two lower incisors; second lower premolar very small and drawn inward.
620. auritus (Vampyrus}, Peters, Abhandl. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss.
Berl., 1856, p. 505, pi. n, figs. 1-5. PETERS' VAMPIRE BAT.
Type locality. Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Eastern Mexico into South America to southern Brazil.
Genl. Char. Ears large; wart in center of lower lip with narrow elevation on each side; two warts on chin divided by groove; incisors, j^; upper middle incisors directed inward; first upper premolar
CHROTOPTERUS.
657
FIG. 136. CHROTOPTERUS AURITUS.
No. 5845 Field Columbian Mus. Twice nat. size. Nose view enlarged 6 times.
very small and about on a level with the gum ; second lower premolar smaller than the first.
Color. Above dark brown, base of hairs whitish; beneath grayish brown; paler at base.
Measurements. Total length, 106.6; forearm, 85; thumb, 25.4; third finger, metacarpal, 58.4; fourth finger, metacarpal, 63.5; fifth
<i58
CHROTOPTERUS.
TONATIA.
FIG. CX. CHROTOPTERUS AURITUS. No. 105607 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll.
finger, metacarpal, 71; tibia, 36.8; ear, 40.6; tragus, 11.4. Skull: total length, 25; zygomatic width, 13; interorbital constriction, 4.5; height of braincase at bullae, n; mastoid breadth, 10.5; palatal length, to alveoli of incisors, 10; length of mandible, 16.
144. Touatia.
r2-2. pM. T>2r-2. Tyr 3~3 _ ..
L i-i> UI=I' ^'3-3' M'3-3~32-
Tonatia Gray, in Griff., Cuvier's Anim. Kingd., v, 1827, p. 71 (foot- note). Type Vampyrus bidens Spix. Lophostoma D'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Me"rid., 1847, P- II- Horseshoe-shaped portion of nose-leaf very narrow at nasal aperature and bound to the muzzle; chin with central wart and smaller lateral ones; ears large with a small posterior basal band; tail short, perforating interfemoral membrane which is large; wing membrane extending to metatarsals or tarsals ; skull long and narrow.
621. amblyotis (Phyllostoma), Wagn.,in Wiegm., Archiv. f. Naturg.,
1843, p. 365. ROUND-EARED BAT.
Type locality. Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Geogr. Distr. Bogava, Chiriqui, Panama, to Brazil.
Genl. Char. Ears large; tibia long, wing membrane extending to
TONATIA.
65!>
FIG. 1 37. TONATIA AMBLYOTIS.
No. 3352 Acad. Nat. Sci. Coll. Twice nat. size. Face enlarged 4 times.
FIG. CXI. TONATIA AMBLYOTIS. No. $477 Acad. Nat. Sci. Coll.
660 TONATIA. MICRONYCTERIS.
dorsal surface of second metatarsal; otherwise similar to T. bidens Spix.
Color. Above brown, base of hairs whitish; beneath paler brown.
Measurements. Total length, 88.9; tail vertebrae, 12.7; forearm, 55.8; third finger, metacarpal, 41.9; fourth finger, metacarpal, 44.4; fifth finger, metacarpal, 46.4; tibia, 25.4; foot, 15.2; ear, 33; tragus, 10.9. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 26.5 ; Hensel, 20; zygomatic width, 17; interorbital constriction, 4; height of braincase, above bullae, n; width of braincase, u; palatal length, 12; width of palate across last molars from outer edge, 9; length of upper molar series, 6; length of mandible, angle to outer edge of incisor, 17; length of lower molar series, 9.5.
The species of the genus MICRONYCTERIS are closely allied to Vam- pyrus, but contain among them some forms of small size. They differ from the genus just named, beside other characters, in not having the horseshoe-shaped membrane free in front, and the wings are not attached to the backs of the feet, but either to the sides or to the extremity of the tibiae.
145. Micronycteris.
T 2-2. p I-I . p 2-2. M 3-3 _
A-iZi; <-7=i> ^-3=3; M.— -34.
Micronycteris Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1866, p. 113. Flower & Lydekker, Mamm., Living and Extinct, 1891, p. 673. Type Phyllophora megalotis Gray. Schizostoma Gerv., Exped. Casteln., Amer. Sud., Zool., 1855, p. 49.
(nee Bronn, Mollusca, 1835.) Vampyrella Reinh., Vidensk. Meddels. Naturh. Foren. Kjobenh.
3 Aartis, iv, 1872, p. in.
Front margin of nose-leaf, which is small, fastened to the under- lying skin ; ears bound on inner sides at their bases by a band hidden in the fur; the ears are large and placed far apart; ear conch termi- nating in a lobe; tail perforating interfemoral membrane, short; wing membrane from the ankles; forearms and legs hairy or naked. Skull: long, narrow; constriction greater at extremities of nasals than between the temporal fossae.
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES. A. Wings from tarsus or metatarsus. PAGE
a. Legs and forearms hairy M. hirsutus 661
b. Legs and forearms bare.
MICRONYCTERIS.
061
FIG. 138. MICRONYCTERIS MEGALOTIS.
No. 105416 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Enlarged 21A times. Face view enlarged 9 times.
a/ Ears from meatus two-thirds the length
of forearm. PAGE
a." Longest finger not over 64 mm M. megalotis 662
b." Longest finger over 68 mm M. m. mexicanus 662
b/ Ears from meatus one-half the length of
forearm M. microtis 663
622. hirsutus (Schizostoma) , Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1869, p. 396.
FIG. CXI I. MICRONYCTERIS MEGALOTIS.
ex Dobson, Cat. Chiroptera.
662 MICRONYCTERIS.
hirsutus (Micronycteris}, Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., yth Ser.,
n, 1898, p. 318. HAIRY BAT.
Type locality. Unknown.
Geogr. Distr. Pozo Azul, Costa Rica. Altitude, 200 meters; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Second phalanx of middle finger longer than first; calcaneum longer than foot; wings from metatarsus; tail half the length of the interfemoral membrane, which it pierces; face hairy; nose-leaf and muzzle covered with fine hairs as are also the humerus and forearm; nose-leaf horseshoe-shaped, erect portion lancet-shaped; ears longer than the head, united near base; legs and forearms hairy.
Color. Above brown, beneath grayish white; base of hairs brown.
Measurements. Head and body, 55.8; tail, 15.2; forearm, 40.6; third finger, metacarpal, 33; fourth finger, metacarpal, 33; fifth finger, metacarpal, 36.8; tibia, 17.7; foot, 11.4; calcaneum, 12.7; ear, 24.1.
623. megalotis (Phyllophora} , Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ist Ser., x, 1842, p. 257.
elongata Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ist Ser., x, 1842, p. 257. (nee Geoff.)
scrobiculatum Wagn., in Schreb., Saugeth. Suppl., v, 1855, p. 627. LARGE-EARED VAMPIRE BAT.
Type locality. "Brazil."
Geogr. Distr. Mexico through Central America to Brazil.
Genl. Char. Nose-leaf with width of the horseshoe-shaped por- tion equal to half the length, the front edge separated from margin of the lip; lance-shaped leaf, narrow, point acute and broader than the horseshoe portion; upper middle incisors notched slightly on outer side of tips; first lower premolar larger than the third; wings from the tarsus; legs and forearms bare.
Color. Above pale brown, beneath ashy; ears large, blackish brown.
Measurements. Total length, 71; tail vertebrae, 15.2; forearm, 36.8; thumb, 10.1 ; third finger, metacarpal, 31.7; fourth finger, meta- carpal, 31.7; fifth finger, metacarpal, 36.8; tibia, 15.2; foot, 11.4. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 17; Hensel, 12; zygomatic width, 8; interorbital constriction, 3.5; palatal length, 7; length of upper molar series, 5 ; length of mandible, n ; length of lower molar series, 6.
(t.— mexicanus (Micronycteris} , Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1898, p. 329.
MICRONYCTERIS. GLYPHONYCTERIS. 663
MEXICAN VAMPIRE BAT.
Type locality. Plantinar, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. State of Jalisco, western Mexico.
Genl. Char. Size of M. megalotis, color lighter, middle finger longer.
Color. Like M. megalotis, but paler.
Measurements. Total length, 56-65; tail, 12-17; tibia, 14-16.4; foot, 8-10; forearm, 35-37; thumb, 8-10; longest finger, 67-72; ear from crown, 16-18; tragus, 6-7.
624. microtis (Micronycteris), Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.,
1898, p. 328. SMALL-EARED NICARAGUAN BAT.
Type locality. Greytown, Nicaragua.
Geogr. Distr. Nicaragua; range unknown.
Genl. Char. Smaller than M. minutus; ear half as long as fore- arm; ears densely furred at base and on inner side; foot half as long as tibia, shorter than calcar; nose-leaf broad, obtusely pointed; fore- head highly elevated.
Color. Uniform wood brown; basal third of hairs white.
Measurements. Forearm, 31; thumb, 8.8; longest finger, 58; tibia, 12.6; foot, 8; ear from crown, 12; tragus, 5.8; height of nose- leaf, 3.8. (ex Type.)
146. Glyphoiiycteris.
Glyphonycteris Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser., xvm,
1896, p. 301. Type Glyphonycteris sylvestris Thomas. "Nose-leaf narrow, bound down to the muzzle in front; chin warts apparently only two, one on each side of a central groove; ears separated, not connected across the head; tail short, perforating the interfemoral membrane and appearing on its upper surface; wing membrane from the side of the ankle; skull thin and papery; profile line from top of muzzle to crown nearly straight, not markedly con- cave; antorbital region broad, with a distinct inflation just above the anterior corner of each orbit, the breadth of the muzzle over the antorbital foramina much greater than the postorbital breadth; upper middle incisors large, vertical, chisel-shaped; outer incisors minute; canines short, sharply pointed; premolars subequal, oval, or rounded in section; lower incisors tricuspid, subequal." (Thomas, I.e.)
664 GLYPHONYCTERIS. TRACHYOPS.
625. sylvestris (Glyphonycteris), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,
6th Ser., xvn, 1896, p. 302. FOREST BAT.
Type locality. Imravalles, Costa Rica.
Genl. Char. Similar to Hemiderma perspicillatum, but smaller; other characters those of the genus.
Color. Above smoky gray; beneath whitish.
Measurements. Head and body, 50; ear, 17; thumb, 9.2; middle finger, metacarpal, 36; tibia, 15; foot, 10.6; calcar, 7.2. Skull: greatest length, 19.7; greatest breadth, 9.6; basal length, 16; width of muzzle over antorbital foramina, 5.7; interorbital constriction, 4.6; from front of upper canines to back of upper third molar, 8.
147. Trachyops.
y 2—2. p I— I. p 2-2. TIT 3—3 _
1.515; C-ini, -f-^, M.— -34- Trachops (sic) Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1847, p. 14. Type Tra-
chops! fuliginosis Gray = Vampyrus cirrhosus Spix. Trachyops Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1865,
p. 512.
Istiophorus (sic) Gray, Zool. Journ., n, 1825, p. 242. (nee Lacepede, 1802, Ichthyology.)
Nat. size. Enlarged 3 times.
FIG. 139. TRACHYOPS CIRRHOSUS.
ex Dobson, Cat. Chiroptera.
Muzzle short, with numerous conical warts; nose-leaf narrow in front, erect leaf well developed; ears large; a groove margined with warts on lower lip and chin; interfemoral membrane extending beyond the tail, which penetrates the surface. Skull has a vaulted braincase, and is narrow between postorbital fossae; upper middle
TRACHYOPS.
665
incisors large, notched, their bases reaching the canines on each side; outer incisors minute, level with the gum; lower incisors equal; first upper premolar half as large as the second, the cusp pointing for- ward and downward; second lower premolar about equal in size to lower incisor, and not visible from outside.
626. cirrhosus (Vampyrus), Spix, Simiar. et Vespert. Bras., 1823,
p. 64, pi. xxxvi, fig. in.
fuliginosus Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1847, P- I4- mexicana Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zool., 2me Ser., xn, 1860, p. 484.
FIG. CXIII. TRACHYOPS CIRRHOSUS.
ex Dobson, Cat. Chiroptera. ilA nat. size.
FRINGED-FACE BAT.
Type locality. Brazil.
Geogr. Distr. Mexico to Brazil.
Genl. Char. Similar to those of the genus.
Color. Above dark reddish brown, base of hairs whitish, tips ashy; beneath, paler brown to base of hairs, tips ashy.
Measurements. Total length, 90.2; tail vertebrae, 13.9; ear, 33; tragus, 12.7; forearm, 59.6; thumb, 15.2; third finger, metacarpal, 45.7; fourth finger, metacarpal, 46.9; fifth finger, metacarpal, 50.8; tibia, 24.1; foot, 16.5.
PHYLLOSTOMA next to Vampyrus contains the largest species in the family, and the males possess a well developed glandular sac on the throat opening in front of sternum. This is only rudimentary in the females. These animals live in hollow trees or between large leaves of plants, and resort to forest-clad districts. Like some of the large insectivorous bats, the species of this genus may possibly feed on smaller bats, which fact may have given them the reputation, long borne by P. hastatum, of being sanguineous.
666
PHYLLOSTOMA.
148. Phyllostoma.
Phyllostomus (sic) Lacepede, Tabl. Divisions sous Div. Ordres et Genres des Mamm., 1799, p. 16. Type Vespertilio hastatus Pallas.
Phyllostoma Geoff., Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, xv, 1810, p. 174.
Muzzle short, broad; nose-leaf free in front, well developed; a deep V-shaped groove on chin margined by small warts; ears moderate, separate ; wing membrane extending to the ankles ; middle finger has first phalanx less than one-third the length of metacarpal ; tail piercing the interfemoral membrane, which is large and reaches considerably beyond the end of the tail. Skull wider behind canines than between postorbital fossae; first upper premolar well developed.
FIG. 140. PHYLLOSTOMA HASTATUM. No. 15222 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. Nat. size. Nose enlarged 3 times.
627. hastatum (Vespertilio), Pall., Spicil. Zool., fasc., in, 1767, p. 7.
maximus Wied, Reise Bras., n, 1820-21, p. 242. SPEAR-NOSED BAT.
Type locality. Unknown.
PHYLLOSTOMA.
HEMIDERMA.
667
FIG. CXIV. PHYLLOSTOMA HASTATUM.
No. 4871 Acad. Nat. Sci. Coll.
Geogr. Distr. Panama, Central America, to Brazil.
Genl. Char. Ears shorter than the head, obtuse; inner margin of ear conch convex; outer half of outer margin emarginate; tragus longer than wide; nose-leaf surrounded by glandular elevations; horizontal leaf circular, nostrils in the center, between which rises the posterior leaf which is ovate, acuminate, with a longitudinal ridge; lower lip with a wide V-shaped groove margined by nine warts.
Color. Above dark grayish or reddish brown; beneath paler.
Measurements. Total length, 116.8; tail, 17.7; forearm, 81.2; thumb, 16; third finger, metacarpal, 72.3; fourth finger, metacarpal, 68.5; fifth finger, metacarpal, 68.5; tibia, 27.9; foot, 19; tragus, 11.4; ear, 27.9. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 37.5; Hensel, 28; zygomatic width, 21 ; interorbital constriction, 7; height of braincase at audital meatus, 14; palatal length, 15; width between bullae, 7; length of upper molar series, alveolar border, 15; length of mandible, angle to symphysis, 26; length of lower molar series, 14.
Minion bennetti, sometimes included in the North American fauna, does not appear to be recorded north of the Isthmus of Panama.
149. Hemiderma.
T 2-2. plj^l. p«. M 3-3 i"2-2' U'i=I' ^'2-2' MV»_, — 32'
Hemiderma Gerv. Expe"d. Comte Castlenau Amer. Sud. Mamm., Zool.,
1855, p. 43. Type Phyllostoma brevicaudum Wied. Carollia Gray, Mag. Zool. & Bot., n, 1838, p. 488. (nee Can- traine. Mollusca, 1837.)
668 HEMIDERMA.
Ears moderate; muzzle rather narrow; interorbital constriction considerable; superior outline of skull concave; nose-leaf moderately developed; a V-shaped groove in the center of the chin inclosing a wart, and having one also on the outside of groove; tail short, in- closed in interfemoral membrane ; wing membrane attached to end of tibia ; angle of ridge of molars obtuse ; cingulum of upper molars with one interior tubercle.
FIG. 141. HEMIDERMA PERSPICILLATUM.
No. 7944 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. Twice nat. size. Incisors enlarged 5 times.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Muzzle conical; ear moderate; tail in base of membrane.
a. Large wart in V-shaped groove on chin, mar- PAGE gined by warts; forearm, 40 mm H. perspicillatum 668
b. Warts on chin in three rows, those in middle
the largest; forearm, 32 mm H. castaneum 670
628. perspicillatum Linn., Syst. Nat., i, 1758, p. 31; i, 1766, p. 47. brevicauda (Phyllostoma), Wied, Schinz. Thierreich, i, 1821, p. 164.
HEMIDERMA. 669
soricinus Spix, Simiar et Vespert. Brasil, 1823, p. 66, pi. xxxvi,
figs, ii and iv. grayi Waterhouse, Voy. "Beagle" Mamm., 1844, p. 20, pi. vm,
fig- 3- lanceolatum Temm., Gray, List, Spec. Mamm., Brit. Mus., 1843,
p. 20. bicolor Wagn., in Schreib. Saugeth. Suppl., i, 1844, p. 400, v, 1855,
p. 626. verrucata Gray, Voy. "Sulphur," Mamm., 1844, p. 20, pi. vm,
fig- 3- calcaratnm Wagn., Abh. Akad., Munch., v, p. 168.
FIG. CXV. HEMIDERMA PERSPICILLATUM. No. 7944 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. Nat. size.
brachyotum Burm., Thiere Brasil, 1854, p. 46.
brevicaudum Gerv., Exp. Castlenau, Zool., 1855, p. 43, pi. vii, fig. 4, pi. ix, figs. 8-8a.
azteca Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zool., 2me Ser., xi^ 1860, p. 480, pi. xx, figs, i, la.
minor Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1866, p. 115. SHORT-TAILED BAT.
Type locality. "In America." Unknown.
Geogr. Distr. Mexico to southern Brazil; West Indian Islands.
Genl. Char. Nose-leaf has the front margin reaching that of upper lip; erect portion acuminate between nostrils, no central ridge; ears shorter than head, not attached; tragus with a ridge in front of base of inner margin; a triangle of grooves and warts on lower lip; wings from ankles; tail in membrane, short; upper inner incisors unicuspi- date, outer small; lower incisors small, their crowns notched.
Color. General color of entire body dark brown.
Measurements. Head and body, 50.8; tail, 12.7; forearm, 40.6; thumb, 12.7; third finger, metacarpal, 36.8; fourth finger, metacarpal, 35.5; fifth finger, metacarpal, 36.8; tibia, 13.2; foot, 12.7; ear, 19;
670 HEMIDERMA. GLOSSOPHAGA.
tragus, 6.3. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 20; zygomatic width, 9; interorbital constriction, 4; width of rostrum, 6; palatal length, 9; length of mandible, 15.
629. castaneum (Carollia), H. Allen, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., 1890,
p. 19. CHESTNUT COLORED BAT.
Type locality. Costa Rica.
Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica, Central America.
Genl. Char. Smaller than H. perspicillatum ; ears long as head ; tragus acuminate; nostrils rounded; warts on chin in three rows, those of middle row the largest.
Color. Above light chestnut brown; beneath the same, but the central portion of hairs not golden as are those on upper parts.
Measurements. Head and body, 44; forearm, 32; first finger, metacarpal, 4; second finger, metacarpal, 26; third fingdr, meta- carpal, 32; fourth finger, metacarpal, 30; fifth finger, metacarpal, 32; tail, 8; tibia, 13; foot, 10; ear, 15; tragus, 6.
GLOSSOPHAGA, with various other genera ending with CHOSRONYC- TERIS, compose the group GLOSSOPHAGA, the members of which are distinguished by the long, slender tongue covered with papillae, and by the deep groove in the under lip. They feed on fruit, berries, and insects, and they vary so much from each other in the shape and number of teeth and other characters, that there are almost as many genera as species. Some are widely distributed and very abundant, while others are local and comparatively rare.
Subfam. III. Glossophaginse. 15O. Glossophaga.
Glossophaga Geoff., Me"m. du Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, iv, 1818, p. 418,
Pis. 17, 1 8. Type Vespertilio soricinus Pallas. Phyllophora Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist., or Mag. Zool. Bot. & Geol., n,
1838, p. 489. Nicon Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1847 P- T5- Id. Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., ist Ser., xix, 1847, P- 4°7-
Muzzle long, narrow; tongue very long, extensible, attenuate, with recurved papillae on sides ; erect portion of nose-leaf developed ;
GLOSSOPHAGA.
671
lower lip grooved and margined with warts ; tail terminating on upper surface of membrane distinct; lower incisors small, sometimes absent; molar series narrow; molars with W-shaped cusps; upper incisors form a continuous row between canines; zygomatic arches well developed.
KEY TO THE SPECIES. PAGE
A. Above dull cinnamon; ear, 9 mm G. mutica 671
B. Above dark brown; ear, 13.7 mm G. soricina 672
C. Above walnut brown; ear, 13.5 mm G. s. antillarum 672
FIG. 142. GLOSSOPHAGA SORICINA.
No. 6489 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Enlargedf2i4 times. Face view enlarged 7 times.
630. mutica (Glossophaga), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xn, 1898,
p. 18. TRES MARIAS BAT.
Type locality. Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias Islands, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Tres Marias Islands, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to G. soricina, but rather larger.
Color. Fur above dull cinnamon brown at tip, rest whitish; under parts paler.
672
GLOSSOPHAGA.
Measurements. Total length, 65; tail vertebrae, 8; forearm, 35.5; longest finger, metacarpal, 35.5; tibia, 14; ear, 9; tragus, 4.5.
631. soricina (Vespertilio), Pall., Misc. Zool., 1766, p. 48, pi. iv,
figs. 16-18; pi. v. amplexicaudata, Geoff., Me"m. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, iv, 1818,
p. 418, pi. xvm. nigra, Gray, Voy. "Sulphur," Mamm., 1844, p. 18, pi. v, fig. i.
\
FIG. CXVI. GLOSSOPHAGA SORICINA.
No. 6489 Field Columbian Mus. Coll.
leachii, Gray, Voy. "Sulphur," Mamm., 1844, p. 18.
caudifer, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ist Ser., xix, 1847, p. 407. SHREW-LIKE BAT.
Type locality. Unknown.
Geogr. Distr. Southern Mexico to Brazil and Bolivia.
Genl. Char. Mainly those of the genus.
Color. Fur above dark brown at tips, remaining portion yel- lowish white, beneath gray, base of fur nearly white; long fine hairs from in front of eyes and behind the chin.
Measurements. Length of head and body, 50.8; tail vertebras, 7.6; forearm, 34.2; third finger, metacarpal, 33; fourth finger, meta- carpal, 30.4; fifth finger, 29.2; tibia, 11.4; foot, 9.1; ear, 13.9; tragus, 5. Skull: total length, 21.5; occipito-nasal length, 19; Hensel, 17.5; zygomatic width, 9; interorbital constriction, 4.5; width of braincase above roots of zygomata, 8; palatal length, 10.5; length of upper molar series, 5.5 ; length of mandible, angle to symphysis, 14.5 ; length of lower molar series, 6.5.
a. — antillarum (Gloss ophaga} , Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.,
1902, p. 37. ANTILLES BAT.
Type locality. Port Antonio, Island of Jamaica.
Geogr. Distr. Islands of Jamaica and the Bahamas.
Genl. Char. Larger than G. soricina. Skull longer, rostrum narrower, and second upper molar larger.
Color. General color and membranes walnut brown, apparently more reddish than G. soricina. (Alcoholic specimen.)
GLOSSOPHAGA.
CHCERONYCTERIS.
673
Measurements. "Length of forearm, 38; tibia, 13.5; foot, 9.5; ear, 13.5; length of skull, 22.5; of rostrum from interorbital constric- tion, ii ; width of braincase, 9.2; of rostrum at canines. 4." (Rehn.)
The bats of the next genus, which conclude the group, are noted for the length of their muzzles, which exceed all those of the other species of the GLOSSOPHAG/E.
151. ClHEronycteris.
I-S:C.{E[;P.g;Mt« = 36..
Choeronycteris " Licht.," Tschudi, Faun. Peruana, 1844, p. 70.
Type Cheer onycteris mexicana Tchudi.
Upper incisors in pairs, separated by a wide diastema, inner ones smaller than the outer; molars without W-shaped cusps; first upper premolar absent; zygomatic arch wanting; muzzle long; nose-leaf-as in Leptonycteris; interfemoral membrane large.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Size large; calcaneum shorter than the foot. PAGE a. Forearm 42 mm C. mexicana 673
B. Size small; calcaneum longer than the foot.
a. Forearm 39 mm. ; rostrum long C. minor 674
b. Forearm 33.5 mm.; rostrum shorter C. godmani 674
FIG. CXVII. CHCERONYCTERIS MEXICANA. ex Dobson, Cat. Chiroptera.
632. mexicana (Cheer onycteris) , Tschudi, Fauna Peruana, 1844, p.
72, pi. in, fig. 3. TRES MARIAS ISLANDS BAT. Type locality. Mexico.
674 CHCERONYCTERIS.
Geogr. Distr. Tres Marias Islands, State of Jalisco, Mexico, to Gautemala.
Genl. Char. Muzzle very long; ears less than half the length of head; wings from ankles; tail short, about one-third the length of the naked interfemoral membrane, and appearing above the latter.
Color. Fur above dark, pale grayish brown at base; under parts light brown.
Measurements. Total length, 72.3; tail, 6.3; thumb, 8.8; forearm, 43; third finger, metacarpal, 40.6; fourth finger, metacarpal, 38; fifth finger, metacarpal, 30.8; tibia, 15.7; foot, 10.4; ear, 15.2; tragus, 6.3.
633. minor (Chceronycteris), Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Ak. Wiss.
Berl., 1868, p. 366. SMALL BAT.
Type locality. Surinam.
Geogr. Distr. Guatemala, Central America to Brazil.
Genl. Char. Smaller than C. mexicana; ears shorter and less deeply emarginate externally; calcaneum longer than the foot.
Color. Above dark brown; beneath light brown.
Measurements. Total length, 62.4 ; tail, 6.6 ; forearm, 34.2 ; thumb, 7; third finger, metacarpal, 29.2; fourth finger, metacarpal, 31.7; fifth finger, metacarpal, 29.2; tibia, 11.4; foot, 8.1; ear, 12.2; tragus, 3.8.
634. godmani (Cheer onycteris), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th
Ser., xi, 1903, p. 288. GODMAN'S BAT.
Type locality. Guatemala.
Genl. Char. Face small, pointed; nose-leaf triangular, broad as high; ears reaching to eyes; antitragal lobe low, rounded, notch shallow; calcar long. Skull: small, delicate; hinder edge of palate level with glenoid surface; pterygoid processes bulbous, reaching to bullae; basi-occipital excavated on sides of median ridge.
Color. Dull uniform brown, above and beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 54; tail vertebrae, 7; forearm, 33.5; nose-leaf, 3.5X3.0; ear, 9.5; third finger, metacarpal, 32; first phalanx, 13; second phalanx, 17; fifth finger, metacarpal, 28; first phalanx, 8; second phalanx, 9.3; tibia and foot, 19.8; calcar, 6.3; interfemoral membrane at center, 12.5. Skull: greatest length, 19.6; basal length, 17; width of braincase, 8; breadth of muzzle at anterior premolar, 8; tip of muzzle to supraorbital foramen, 7.5; palatal length, 12; width between outer corners of third upper molars, 4; front of canine to back of third upper molar, 7.1. (Thomas, 1. c.)
HYLONYCTERIS. MONOPHYLLUS. 675
1;>2. Hyloiiycteris.
T 2~2. f I=£. p ?=». M 3-3 _ 1.5=5; <--,_,, *V3, M.3_3_30.
Hylonycteris Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ;th Ser., xi, 1903,
p. 286. Type Hylonycteris underwoodi Thomas. External characters as in Chceronycteris ; upper incisors very small; lower incisors absent; no diastema behind upper canines; skull with elongated bony palate, posterior nares level with middle of glenoid surfaces ; basioccipital with a prominent median ridge continuous with a similar vomerine ridge, and deeply excavated on each side; no zygomatic arch.
635. underwoodi (Hylonycteris}, Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ;th
Ser., xi, 1903, p. 287. UNDERWOOD'S BAT.
Type locality. Rancho Redondo, Costa Rica.
Geogr. Distr. Rancho Redondo and Tarbaca, Costa Rica, Central America.
Genl. Char. Muzzle medium length; nose-leaf small, narrow, pointed without distinct midrib; ears with inner margin convex, tip rounded, outer margin slightly concave above, then convex, the pointed antitragal portion separated by a deep notch; wings from the ankles ; wing and interfemoral membranes bare ; tooth rows diver- ging posteriorly.
Color. Seal brown above, crown nearly black; under parts paler.
Measurements. "Nose-leaf, 5.3; ear, n.<c; thumb and claw, 10;
' *J \J * \} '
index, 32; third finger, metacarpal, 33.5; first phalanx, 14; second phalanx, 18.5; fifth finger, metacarpal, 29; first phalanx, 7.3; second phalanx, n; tibia, 12; foot and claws, 9.8; calcar, 6; tail, 6; inter- femoral at center, 13. Skull: greatest length, 13; basal length, 20.3; interorbital breadth, 4.2; breadth of braincase, 8.6; palatal length, 14.2; front of canine to back of third upper molar, 8.5; same to back of third lower molar, 8.8; tip of muzzle to back of zygoma root, 9.8." (Thomas, 1. c.)
153. Moiiophyllus.
Monophyllus Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc., xni, 1820, p. 75. Type
Monophyllus rcdmani Leach.
Nose-leaf, ears, and tragus as in the genus Glossophaga; muzzle longer, broader; tongue longer, covered with filiform papillae; tail
676 MONOPHYLLUS.
longer than interfemoral membrane; calcaneum rudimentary; inner incisors larger than outer; lower incisors small; zygomatic arches present.
FIG. 143. MONOPHYLLUS PORTORICENSIS.
No. 86258 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. 2'/2 times nat. size. Nose enlarged 5 times.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Size small ; second upper premolar with postero- PAGE internal lobe well developed M. portoricensis 677
B. Size large ; second upper premolar with postero- internal lobe rudimentary.
a. No space between first and second upper pre-
molars M. plethodon 677
b. A space between first and second upper pre- molars.
a/ Bony palate narrow, strongly arched.
a." Forearm 42 mm M. lucice 678
b." Forearm 38 mm M. clinedaphus 678
b/ Bony palate broad, slightly arched.
a." Size small, total length, 67 mm M. cubanus 678
b." Size large, total length, 72.5 mm M. redmani 679
MONOPHYLLUS.
677
FIG. CXVIII. MONOPHYLLUS PORTORICENSIS. No. 86260 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Enlarged twice nat. size.
636. portoricensis (Monophylhis), Miller, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien.,
ii, 1900, p. 34. PORTO Rico NOSE-LEAF BAT.
Type locality. Cave near Bayamon, Porto Rico.
Geogr. Distr. Island of Porto Rico.
Genl, Char. Size small; second upper premolar with prominent postero-internal lobe; tragus thickened along anterior border.
Color. Above seal brown, beneath broccoli brown, tips of hairs grayish.
Measurements. Total length. 60-67 J tail, 7-9 ; forearm, 36-37 ; first finger, 8.4-10; second finger, 28-32; third finger, 72-76; fourth finger, 53—55; fifth finger, 48-49; tibia, 15-16.4; foot, 8.4-9; ear from crown, 9-10; tragus, 4-5. Skull: greatest length, 19.6; basal length, 18; basilar length, 16; zygomatic breadth, 8.8; interorbital constriction, 4; mastoid breadth, 8.8; greatest breadth of braincase, 8.4; maxillary tooth row, exclusive of incisors, 7; length of mandible, 12.8; lower tooth, exclusive of incisors, 7.
637. plethodon (Monophyllus), Miller, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien.,
ii, 1900, p. 35. BARBADOES NOSE-LEAF BAT.
Type locality. St. Michael's Parish, Barbadoes.
Geogr. Distr. Island of Barbadoes.
Genl. Char. "Second lower premolar shorter than first and in contact with third; no space between upper premolars."
Color. Broccoli brown above, paler below.
Measurements. Total length, 68; tail, 9; forearm, 38; longest finger, 77; tibia, 17; foot, n; calcar, 2.4; ear from meatus, 13.6;
678 MONOPHYLLUS.
tragus, 4.8; height of nose-leaf, 5; width, 4. Skull: greatest length, 21.6; basal length, 19.4; zygomatic breadth, 9.8; interorbital constric- tion, 4.6; greatest breadth of braincase, 9.8; maxillary tooth row, 7.2 ; mandibular tooth row, 7.8.
638. luciae (Monophyllus), Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phila.,
1902, p. 411. SANTA LUCIA NOSE-LEAF BAT.
Type locality. Island of Santa Lucia.
Genl. Char. Similar to M. plethodon, but larger, teeth less crowded ; braincase inflated; interorbital region broad; rostrum short.
Color. Above broccoli brown tinged with red ; paler beneath.
Measurements. Total length, 80; tail vertebrae, 15; forearm, 42; thumb, ii ; second finger, 35; third finger, 88; fourth finger, 65; fifth finger, 55; tibia, 19; foot, n; ear from meatus, 15; from crown, n; width, 10.4. Skull: greatest length, 24; basal length, 22; zygomatic breadth, 10; interorbital constriction, 4.4; breadth of braincase, 9.8; maxillary tooth row, 8; mandibular tooth row, 8.4.
639. clinedaphus (Monophyllus), Miller, Proc. Wash. Acad. Scien., n,
1900, p. 36. MILLER'S NOSE-LEAF BAT.
Type locality. Unknown.
Genl. Char. Space between upper premolars; bony palate narrow and arched ; second lower premolar longer than first and not in contact with third.
Color. Above mars brown, beneath wood brown.
Measurements. Total length, 65; tail, 8; forearm, 39; longest fin- ger, 77; tibia, 16.4; foot, 9; calcar, 4; ear from meatus, 12; tragus, 5. Skull: greatest length, 21.8; basal length, 19.4; basilar length, 17.4; zygomatic breadth, 9; interorbital constriction, 4; mastoid breadth, 9; greatest breadth of braincase, 9 ; depth of braincase, 8 ; length of upper tooth row, molar series, 8; length of mandible, 14; length of lower tooth row, molar series, 8.4.
640. cubanus (Monophyllus), Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phila.,
1902, p. 410. CUBAN NOSE-LEAF BAT.
Type locality. Baracoa, Island of Cuba.
Genl. Char. Similar to M. redmani, but smaller, and skull with narrower rostrum and posterior portion of mandible not so deep.
Color. Above broccoli brown ; beneath ecru drab tinged with dull brown; ears and membranes blackish.
Measurements. Total length, 67 ; tail, 8 ; forearm, 38.6 ; thumb, 1 1 ;
MONOPHYLLUS. LEPTONYCTERIS. 679
second finger, 35; third finger, 80; fourth finger, 57; fifth finger, 50; tibia, 16; foot, n. Skull: greatest length, 21.4; basal length, 20; zygomatic breadth, 9.6; interorbital constriction, 4; greatest width of braincase, 9; rostrum between premolars, 3.2; maxillary tooth row, 8; mandible, 14; mandibular tooth row, 8.4.
641. redmani (Monophyllus), Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc., xni, 1820,
p. 76. REDMAN'S NOSE-LEAF BAT.
Type locality. Island of Jamaica.
Geogr. Distr. Island of Jamaica, possibly also Island of Cuba.
Genl. Char. Ears short, no antitragus; tragus straight, slightly thickened above, tip rounded; nose-leaf broader than high, oval; chin with deep groove in center ; membranes naked ; feet large ; tail with half its length free of membrane.
Color. Above pale Prout's brown, beneath isabella, hairs tipped with pale gray.
Measurements. Total length, 68; tail, 10; forearm, 40; thumb, 9; third finger, 88; fourth finger, 65; fifth finger, 57; tibia, 18; foot, n; ear, 10; tragus, 5. Skull: greatest length, 22.4; basal length, 21.4; zygomatic breadth, 10; interorbital constriction, 4; breadth of ros- trum at space between premolars, 4; breadth of braincase, 9 ; maxillary tooth row, 8.6 ; mandibular tooth row, 9.
154. Leptoiiycteris.
Leptonycteris Flower & Lydekker Anim. Living & Extinct., 189 r,
p. 674. Type Ischnoglossa nivalis Saussure. Ischnoglossa Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zool., 2me Se>., xn, 1860, p.
492. (nee Kraatz, Coleopt. 1856.)
Upper incisors in pairs separated by a space, arranged in a row be- tween the canines, inner larger than outer. Molars with W-shaped cusps; zygomatic arch complete; no tail; very narrow interfemoral membrane.
642. nivalis (Ischnoglossa'), Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zool., 2me Ser., xn,
i860, p. 492, pi. XX, figS. 2, 2C.
SNOWY BAT.
Type locality. Snow-line on the peak of Mount Orizaba, State of Puebla, Mexico.
680
LEPTONYCTERIS
FIG. 144. LEPTONYCTERIS NIVALIS.
No. 397 Acad. Nat. Sci. Coll. Twice nat. size. Face enlarged 5 times.
Geogr. Distr. Southern Mexico into Guatemala.
Genl. Char. Wings from the tibia; calcaneum very short; feet large.
Color. Fur above dark brown, base whitish; under parts paler; wings and interfemoral membrane naked.
Measurements. Length of head and body, 88.9; forearm, 55.8; thumb, 8.9; third ringer, metacarpal, 48.2; fourth finger, metacarpal, 44.4; fifth finger, metacarpal, 43; tibia, 12.7; ear, 12.9; tragus, 7.
FIG. CXIX. LEPTONYCTERIS NIVALIS. SNOWY BAT.
No. 5864 Acad. Nat. Sci. Coll.
ANURA.
681
Skull: occipito-nasal length, 19; Hensel, 17; zygomatic width, 9; inter- orbital constriction, 4; length of nasals, 6; palatal length, 10.5 ; length of upper molar series, 5.5 ; length of mandible, angle to symphysis, 14; lower molar series, 7.
155. Aimra.
T »-2. p i-i. pS^S. TUT 3-3 _ 7o
i'2-2' UI-I» ^'4-4' M>=3-38-
Anoura (sic) Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist., or Mag. Zool. Bot. & Geol., n,
1838, p. 490. Type A. geofjroyi Gray. Glossonycteris Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. BerL, 1868,
P- 365-
Upper outer incisors triangular, acute, larger than inner pair which are round and blunt; lower incisors deciduous; molars with W-shaped cusp, except the last, which has a V-shaped cusp. First lower pre- molar close to canine, second lower premolar sometimes present, small; zygomatic arch wanting. Nose-leaf similar to that of Leptonycteris nivalis; ears little longer than half the head; tongue with lengthened papillae along the sides. Wing membrane above the legs and inter-
Fio. 145. ANURA GEOFFROYI.
No. S78I Coll. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.
Twice nat. size. Nose view enlarged 6 times.
682
ANURA.
femoral membrane to ankles, furred; wing membrane beneath naked; interfemoral fringed beneath.
643. *geoffroyi (Anoura!), Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist., or Mag. Zool. Bot. & Geol., ii, 1838, p. 490. (Desc. Null.) Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1893, p. 335.
pcruana (Chceronycteris) , Tschudi, Faun, Peruana, I, 1844, p. 71. ecaudata Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zool., 2me Ser., xn, 1860, p. 493.
(nee Geoff.)
lasiopyga Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Ak. Wiss. Berl., 1868, p. 368. GEOFFROY'S BAT.
Type locality. Brazil.
Geogr. Distr. Mexico through Central America into Brazil and Peru.
FIG. CXX. ANURA GEOFFROYI. No. 5781 Acad. Nat. Sci. Coll.
Geni. Char. Thumb shorter than foot ; wing membrane from distal third of tibia; feet large; no tail; calcaneum rudimentary.
Color. Fur above dark brown, pale brown on basal half; under- parts grayish brown, darker at base of hairs.
Measurements. Length of head and body, 60.9; forearm, 40.6; thumb, 8.9; third finger, metacarpal, 40.6; fourth finger, metacarpal, 38; fifth finger, metacarpal, 33.7; tibia, 14.2; foot, 11.4; ear, 15.2; tra- gus, 5.8. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 21.3; Hensel, 19; zygomatic width, 9; interorbital constriction, 5; palatal length, u; length of rostrum, 7 ; width of braincase, 9 ; height of braincase, above zygomata, 7; length of molar series, 6; length of mandible, 16; length of lower molar series, 6.5.
*Glossonycteris lasiopyga Peters, Monatsb. Ak. Berl., 1868, p. 368, instead of Anura geoffroyi, see Alston, Boreal. Centr. Amer., p. 45.
LICHONYCTERIS. 683
150. Lic'hoiiyc'teria.
I-S: C.S; P.g; MS = '6. Lichonycteris Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser., xvi, 1895,
P- 55- Type Lichonycteris obscurns Thomas. "Upper incisors small, not touching each other, standing equi- distant in an even curve between the canines. Canines and cheek teeth above and below very slender and delicate ; molars narrow with scarcely a trace of W-shaped cusps. Skull light and papery, the ele- vation of the crown above the face more than in Glossophaga, less than in Choeronycteris . Zygomata absent. Bony palate extending back- ward almost to the level of the most anterior point of the glenoid facets. Nose-leaf as in Glossophaga, but shorter. Ears and tongue as in that genus. Interfemoral membrane well developed. Wings to the terminal part of the metatarsals ; calcar distinct. ' ' (Thomas, 1. c.)
FIG. 146. LICHONYCTERIS OBSCURUS. No. 37533 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Enlarged 7 times.
644. obscurus (Lichonycteris), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th
Ser., xvi, 1895, p. 56. DUSKY BAT.
Type locality. Managua, Nicaragua.
Geogr. Distr. Nicaragua, Central America.
Genl. Char. Similar to Glossophaga soricina; ears short, rounded; basal third of forearm furred; metacarpal of thumb hairy, also along body from middle of humerus to femur; rest of wings naked; tail on upper surface of interfemoral membrane.
Color. Uniform smoky brown.
Measurements. Head and body, 46 ; forearm, 33 ; tail, 67 ; foot, 7.5 ; ear, 10; calcar, 5.8. Skull: greatest length, 19.7; basal length, 16.8; width of braincase, 8.1 ; interorbital constriction, 4; palatal length, n ; from front of canine to back of last molar, 6.4.
684 PHYULONYCTERIS.
157. Phylloiiycteris.
T 2~2. r»L=!- p?=£. M^ = T2 1-2-2' ^'i-i' r'2-2' 1Vi'3-3 "~ 3
Phyllonycteris Gundl. & Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss.
Berl., 1860, p. 817. Type Phyllonycteris poeyi Gundlach. Skull moderately long; erect nose-leaf short; interfemoral mem- brane narrow, not so long as the tail ; tongue and incisors as in Glosso- phaga, molars as in Hemiderma, but with less developed cusps.
FIG. 147. PHYLLONYCTERIS POEYI.
No. 103585 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Twice nat. size. Incisors enlarged 5 times.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Calcaneum distinct.
a. Zygomatic arch complete.
a/ Rim of anterior nares thin, distinctly flaring; teeth small; anterior border of tragus with several fleshy projections near PAGE
tip ; back dark brown P. bombifrons 685
b.' Rim of anterior nares thick, not flaring; teeth large; anterior border of tragus entire; back light clay color P. planifrons 685
PHYLLONYCTERIS. 685
PAGE
b. *Zygomatic arch incomplete P. sezekorni 686
B. fCalcaneum none P. poeyi 686
645. bombifrons (Phyllonycteris) , Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,xin,
1899, p. 36. BAYAMON BAT.
Type locality. Cave near Bayamon, Porto Rico.
Geogr. Distr. Island of Porto Rico.
Genl. Char. Ear moderately long; anterior border of ear conch convex above base ; then nearly straight, tip rounded ; posterior border denticulate; broad groove between nose-leaf and ridge behind; con- spicuous outgrowths from chin. Skull has braincase highly arched at an angle of 30° above plane of rostrum; rostrum rather narrow, short; rim of anterior nares thin, flaring; teeth small.
Color. Above mars brown, fur whitish gray at base; beneath pale wood brown; ears, feet, and membranes dark brown.
Measurements. Total length, 78; tail vertebrae, 14 ; forearm, 48.4; thumb, 14; second ringer, 38; third finger, 81; fourth finger, 65; fifth finger, 64; tibia, 22; foot, 14; ear from crown, 14; tragus, 7. Skull: greatest length, 24.4; basal length, 22; basilar length, 19.8; zygomatic breadth, 12; interorbital constriction, 5; lachrymal breadth, 6; mas- toid breadth, 11.4; fronto-palatal depth, 3; depth of braincase from highest point to level of audital bullae, 10.4; maxillary tooth row (ex- clusive of incisors), 8; mandible, 16; mandibular tooth row (exclusive of incisor), 9. (Miller, 1. c.)
646. planifrons (Phyllonycteris}, Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xin,
1899, p. 34. FLAT-FOREHEAD BAHAMA BAT.
Type locality. Nassau, New Providence Island, Bahamas.
Geogr. Distr. Bahama Islands.
Genl. Char. Ears moderate, rounded at tip; inner side of conch with transverse ridges near posterior border; tragus thickened on an- terior border, jagged projections on posterior border; tip pointed; small wart on cheek; nose-leaf oval, broader than high; behind the nose-leaf and separated from it by groove is a horseshoe-shaped ridge; deep groove on chin, with small fleshy projections; membranes naked.
Color. Above light clay color tinged with pinkish buff; basal half of hairs whitish gray; under surface pinkish buff, grayish at base of hairs; ears, feet, and membranes light brown.
Measurements. Total length, 78; tail vertebras, 14; forearm, 47;
*Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc., Wash., xin. 1899, p. 33.
tGundlach, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1860, p. 818.
(586
PHYLLONYCTERIS.
thumb, 12; second finger, 35; third finger, 82; fourth finger, 62; fifth finger, 64; tibia, 22; foot, 14; ear from crown, 15; tragus, 8.2. Skull: greatest length, 25; basal length, 22; basilar length, 20; zygomatic breadth, n; interorbital breadth, 4.8; lachrymal breadth, 6; mastoid breadth, n ; depth of braincase, 9.6; length of upper molar series, 8.4; length of mandible, 6.4; length of lower molar series, 9.
647. sezekorni (Phyllonycteris) , Gundl. & Peters, Monatsb., K.
Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1860, p. 818. SEZEKORN'S BAT.
Type locality. Cuba.
Geogr. Distr. Islands of Cuba and Jamaica.
Genl. Char. Distinguished from P. poeyi by having the nose-leaf terminate posteriorly in a pointed process, and by having a calcaneum.
Color. Similar to P. poeyi.
Measurements. Total length, 88.9; tail, 12.7; forearm, 49.5; thumb, 13.9; third finger, 76.2; fourth finger. 62.2; fifth finger, 63.5; tibia, 20.3; foot, 15.2; ear, 20.3; tragus, 7.6.
FIG. CXXI. PHYLLONYCTERIS POEYI.
No. 103^27 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll.
Enlarged twice nat. size.
648. poeyi (Phyllonycteris), Gundl. & Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss.
Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1860, p. 817. POEY'S BAT.
Type locality. Cuba.
Geogr. Distr. Island of Cuba.
Genl. Char. Teeth large; wing membrane from distal third of tibia; interfemoral membrane short, with the last caudal vertebra projecting beyond it; calcaneum wanting.
PHYLLONYCTERIS.
RHITHRONYCTERIS.
687
Color. Above light brownish yellow ; sides of neck and body paler ; base and tips of hairs whitish; under parts paler.
Measurements. Total length, 92.7; tail, 10.1; forearm, 40.5; thumb, 12.7; third finger, 78.7; fourth finger, 60.9; fifth finger, 62.2; tibia, 24; foot, 16.5; ear, 17.7; tragus, 7.6. Skull: total length, 23.5; zygomatic width, n; interorbital width, 5; height of braincase at bullae, 9.5; mastoid breadth, n; palatal length, 10; length of upper molar series, 7; length of mandible, 15.
158. Rhithroiiycteris.
Reithronycteris (sic) Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1898,
P- 333- Type Rheithronycteris! aphylla Miller. Ears small, separate; tongue abruptly narrowed at tip; papillae short, stiff; tail long as femur. Skull: roof of posterior nares formed by two longitudinal folds proceeding from pterygoids and nearly meeting in the median line; calcar absent; nostrils placed in a disk- shaped elevation without a true leaf. Rostrum heavy; lower jaw heavy, (ex Miller, 1. c.)
FIG. 148. RHITHRONYCTERIS APHYLLA. ex Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. About i'i times nat. size.
688
RHITHRONYCTERIS.
BRACHYPHYLLA.
649. aphylla (Reithronycteris!), Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.
1898, p. 334. LEAFLESS OR BLUNT-NOSED BAT.
Type locality. Island of Jamaica.
Geogr. Distr. Island of Jamaica.
FIG. CXXII. RHITHRONYCTERIS APHYLLA.
Gent. Char. Muzzle with disk-shaped nose-leaf; other characters as in genus; concealed wart between corner of mouth and ear.
Color. Light yellowish brown; ears and membranes light brown.
Measurements. Total length, 88; tail, 12; forearm, 48; thumb, 14; second finger, 37; third finger, 84; fourth finger, 66; fifth finger, 64; tibia, 22.8; foot, 17; ear from crown, 13; tragus, 8. Skull: great- est length, 26; basilar length, 20; interorbital breadth, 5.4; mastoid breadth, 12.4; depth of braincase, 9; width of palate between last molars, 5 ; depth of rostrum at anterior end of first molar, 6 ; length of upper molar series, 8; length of mandible, 16.6; length of lower molar series, 9.
159. Brachyphylla.
T 2-2. p I— 1. p2-2. M 3-3 _ 1'2-2' ^'I-I' r'2-2> M'3-3~3 '
Brachyphylla Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 122. Type Brachy- phylla cavernarum Gray.
Nose-leaf small, bounded on sides and behind by a deep groove, and situated near end of muzzle; nostrils in center of nose-leaf; V-shaped groove in center of lower lip margined with warts; ears separate, obtusely pointed, shorter than head; inner margin convex; wing membrane to the ankles ; interfemoral membrane well developed ; no tail, and calcaneum short or lacking.
BRACHYPHYLLA. 689
FIG. 149. BRACHYPHYLLA CAVERNARUM.
No. 102350 Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. Enlarged 1A. Nose enlarged 3 times.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
PAGE
A. Upper parts reddish brown B. cavernarum 689
B. Upper parts cholocate brown, base of fur white B. nana 690
650. cavernarum (Brachyphylla) , Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1833, p. 123. CAVERN NOSE-LEAF BAT.
Type locality. St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles.
Geogr. Distr. Islands of Cuba, Porto Rico, and St. Vincent.
Genl. Char. Muzzle narrow; nose-leaf oblong, attached to muzzle in front, upper margin emarginate in center; outer margin of tragus above with tooth-like projections ; large wart on each cheek under eye, wing membrane with numerous parallel lines of raised papillae. Other characters like genus.
Color. Reddish brown above, beneath paler.
Measurements. Length of head and body, 83.8; forearm, 63.5; thumb, 16.5; third finger, metacarpal, 53.3; fourth finger, 49.5; fifth finger, 52.3; tibia, 25.4; foot, 19; ear, 20.3; tragus, 8.8. Skull: basal length, 28; median palatal length, 14; zygomatic breadth, 17.4; breadth of braincase above roots of zygomata, 13; interorbital con-
690
BRACHYPHYLLA.
FIG. 150. BRACHYPHYLLA NANA.
No. 9946 Field Columbian Mus. Coll.
Twice nat. size. Face enlarged 2% times.
striction, 6.8; lachrymal breadth, 9; maxillary tooth row, n; crown of first upper molar, 3.4 X 2.8.
651. nana (Br achy phy lid) , Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1902,
p. 409. Id. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902, p. 249. DWARF NOSE-LEAF BAT.
Type locality. El Guama, Island of Cuba.
Genl. Char. Similar to B. cavernarum, but smaller; nose-leaf broader and flatter.
Color. Upper parts chocolate brown, base of fur white; under parts ash brown; membranes blackish; feet blackish brown.
BRACHYPHYULA.
ARTIBEUS.
691
FIG. CXXIII. BRACHYPHYLLA NANA. No. 0946 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Twice nat. size
Measurements. Total length, head and body, 83; tibia, 25; foot, 15; forearm, 60; first finger, 12.4; second finger, 48; third finger, 102; fourth finger, 80; fifth finger, 80; ear from meatus, 22.6; ear from crown, 17; width of ear, 14. Skull: basal length, 22; basilar length, 21.6; median palatal length, 10.4; zygomatic breadth, 14.6; width of braincase above roots of zygomata, 12; interorbital constriction, 6; lachrymal breadth, 8.4; maxillary tooth row, 9; crown of first upper molar, 3X2.6.
The third group in this family, the STERXODERMAT^:, begins with ARTIBEUS and ends with CENTURIO. Unlike the members of the Glossophaga, they have short and broad muzzles. From the conclu- sions of those who have observed these bats in their native wilds their food appears to be almost wholly tree fruit.
Subfam. IV. Sternoderxnatinae. 16O. *Artibeus.
T 2~2- r — • P 2~2- M 2~2 - ?o 1-P3> ui=I- r-i=5- M'3^-3°-
Artibeus Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., xin, 1820, p. 75. Type Artibeus jamaicensis Leach.
Madatceus Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., xm, 1820, p. 81.
Pteroderma Gerv., Exp. Castlenau, Amer. Sud., Mamm., Zool., 1855, p. 34.
Nostrils on surface of nose-leaf; palate extending behind last
*«/>r.', /3«w= Artibeus.
692 ARTIBEUS.
molars; upper middle incisor straight, broad, cutting edge notched; outer incisors very small, cusps oblique; molars broad; second molar above and below, smaller than the first; face of skull flat, broad; no tail; wing membrane from the feet; interfemoral membrane emargi- nate posteriorly; lower lip with central wart and a smaller one on each side, these surrounded on sides and below with smaller warts; conical papillae on inner margin of lips.
FIG. 151. ARTIBEUS JAMAICENSIS.
No. 102460 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Skull enlarged 2Yt times. Incisors enlarged 4 times.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Front edge of nose-leaf fastened down. PAGE
a. Head without white streaks A. coryi 693
b. Head with white streaks, a.' General hue grayish.
a." Forearm 69 mm A. jamaicensis 693
ARTIBEUS.
b." Forearm 52.5 mm A. parvipes
b.' General hue sooty brown A. intermedius
B. Front edge of nose-leaf free.
a. General hue black tinged with gray A. planirostris
b. General hue hair brown A. watsoni
c. General hue red brown. . .A. eva
693 PAGE
694 694
695 696 697
652. coryi (Artibeus), Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1890, p.
173- CORY'S BAT.
Type locality. St. Andrew's Island, Carribean Sea.
Genl. Char. Ear short, broad; nose-leaf small, pointed; inter- femoral membrane emarginate to below the knees.
Color. Above dusky seal brown, darkest posteriorly and on sides, below lighter, hairs tipped with gray; no white streak on face.
Measurements. Length, head and body, 73.7; forearm, 50.1; thumb, 6.4; longest finger, 70; ear, 11.5; tragus, 5.1; nose-leaf, 9; free portion, 4.6; foot, 16.5.
FIG. CXXIV. ARTIBEUS JAMAICENSIS.
A. Artibeus.
653. *jamaicensis Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., xm, 1820, p. 75. carpolegus Gosse, Nat. Sojourn in Jamaica, 1851, p. 271, pi. vi, fig- 5-
*For the employment of this name see Thomas Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ;th Ser., vin, 1901, p. 192, nee Allen and Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1897, p. 3.
694 ARTIBEUS.
JAMAICA BAT.
Type locality. Island of Jamaica.
Geogr. Distr. Mexico to Brazil and Bolivia; West Indies.
Genl. Char. Anterior margin of nose-leaf bound to muzzle; third upper premolar absent.
Color. Fur with basal portion brown, tips of hairs grayish; under parts grayish, basal portions light brown; two white streaks on head, and occasionally a white patch at junction of shoulder and ante- brachial membrane.
Measurements. Length of head and body, 85; forearm, 68.5; thumb, 15.2; third finger, metacarpal, 63.5; fourth finger, metacarpal, 59.6; fifth finger, metacarpal, 63.5; tibia, 24.1; foot, 16.5; ear, 22.8. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 24; zygomatic width, 15; least interor- bital width, 7; mastoid width, 13; height of braincase at bullae, 12; palatal length, 15; width of palate at last molars, 6; length of man- dible, 17.
654. parvipes (Artibeus), Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phila.. 1902,
p. 639. SMALL-FOOTED BAT.
Type locality. Santiago de Cuba, Cuba.
Geogr. Distr. Island of Cuba.
Genl. Char. Similar to A. jamaicensis, but forearm and tibia smaller, and a narrower foot.
Color. Specimens in alcohol, color not definable.
Measurements. Forearm, 52.5; tibia, 21.5; foot, 14; ear, 16.5.
655. intermedius (Artibeus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1897,
P- 33- carpolegus Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1891, p. 205. (nee
Gosse.) INTERMEDIATE BAT.
Type locality. San Jose, Costa, Rica.
Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica.
Genl. Char. Small; no stripes on cheeks; head stripes narrow. Skull: braincase high and narrow, superior outline convex.
Color. Above dark sooty gray; beneath grayish.
Measurements. Forearm, 65; thumb to end of claw, 15; third finger, metacarpal, 57; tibia, 22; foot, 17. Skull: total length, 29; zygomatic width, 19; mastoid width, 16; length of palate, 14; inter- orbital constriction, 6; height of braincase from lower side of audital bullae, 12; width of palate inside of middle molars, 5.5; outside, 13; length of upper molar series, 8 ; length of mandible, 19 ; length of lower molar series, 10.
ARTIBEUS.
695
FIG. 152. ARTIBEUS PLANIROSTRIS.
No. 10755 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. Twice nat. size. Incisors enlarged 4 times.
656. planirostris (Phyllostoma) , Spix, Simiar. et Vespert. Brasil, 1823,
p. 66, pi. xxxvi, fig. i.
obscrirum Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Brasil, n, 1826, p. 203. perspicillatum Burm., Thiere Brasil, 1854, p. 45. fallax Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1865, p. 355.
696 ARTIBEUS.
FLAT-NOSED BAT.
Type locality. Near Bahia, Brazil.
Geogr. Distr. State of Guerrero, Mexico, to Brazil. Island of Grenada.
Genl. Char. Ears shorter than the head; nose-leaf developed, anterior margin free; lower lip in front with three warts arranged in triangle, with eight or ten smaller ones on sides and beneath; wing
FIG. CXXV. ARTIBEUS PLANIROSTRIS. No. 4874 Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil. Coll.
membrane nearly naked; last molar very small, placed on inner pos- terior side of second molar; lower incisors very small.
Color. General hue black tinged with gray, hairs whitish at base; white streak on each side of face from above the eye to crown.
Measurements. Length of head and body, 81.2; forearm, 66.0; thumb, 15.2; third finger, metacarpal, 58.4; fourth finger, metacarpal, 57; fifth finger, metacarpal, 58; tibia, 24; foot, 16.5; ear, 13.9; tragus, 7. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 25; zygomatic breadth, 17; height of braincase at bullae, n; interorbital constriction, 7; mastoid width, 13.5; palatal length, 12; width of palate at last molars, 5.5; length of mandible, 16.
657. watsoni (Artibeus), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser.,
vn, 1901, p. 542. WATSON'S BAT.
Type locality. Bogaba, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, 1,000 feet.
Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica, Central America.
Genl. Char. "Nose-leaf similar to that of A. glaucus, but appar- ently rather narrower; ears higher and narrower than in that species, inner margin evenly convex, tip narrowly rounded, outer margin deeply concave in its upper half, then convex, ending below in a slightly angular antitragal lobe; tragus more sharply pointed than in A. glaucus, and the projections on the outer margin more prominent; teeth closely similar in their proportions to those of A. glaucus; posterior lower molar minute." (Thomas, 1. c.)
ARTIBEUS. URODERMA. fi97
Color. General hue hair brown; hairs whitish tipped with brown.
Measurements. "Third finger, metacarpal, 36; first phalanx, 14; second phalanx, 20 ; depth of interfemoral, 1 1 ; tarsus, 1 7 . Ear : length, 15; breadth from most convex point of inner to most concave part of outer margin, 9. Skull: greatest length (approximate), 19; zygo- matic breadth, 11.7; interfemoral breadth, 4.5; mastoid breadth, 9.5; palate length, 8.5; breadth across molars, 8.3; front of upper canine to back of ma, 6.2." (Thomas, 1. c.)
658. eva (Dermanura}, Cope, Amer. Nat., xxm, 1889, p. 130. Feby. ST. MARTIN BAT.
Type locality. Island of St. Martin, West Indies.
Genl. Char. Inferior border of horseshoe free; ear reaching to center of eye; tragus acuminate, widest in the middle; interfemoral membrane to middle of tibia.
Color. General hue brown, tinged with red on limbs and head.
Measurements. Length of head and body, 79; nose-leaf, 12.5; forearm, 59; tibia, 21; foot, 17.
161. Uroderiiia.
Uroderma Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1865, p. 588 (foot note). Type Uroderma bilobatum Peters.
Similar to Artibeus, but differs in having two additional upper molars.
659. convexum (Uroderma), Lyon, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xv, 1902,
p. 83. COLON BAT.
Type locality. Colon, Columbia.
Geogr. Distr. Known only from type locality.
Genl. Char. Like U. bilobatum, Peters, from Guiana and Brazil, but with tooth rows arcuate.
Color. Upper parts sepia, hairs at base broccoli brown; hairs of under parts light broccoli brown tipped with hoary ; two white bands on side of head, the upper extending from posterior outer edge of nose- leaf over eyes nearly to posterior edge of ear, the lower from angle of mouth almost to tragus; narrow white line on middle of back; rims of ears and attached portion of nose-leaf whitish ; nose-leaf, ears, and wing membranes blackish brown.
698
URODERMA.
FIG. 153. URODERMA CONVEXUM.
No. 111722 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Type.
Twice nat. size. Nose view enlarged 5 times.
Measurements. "Forearm, 43; longest finger, 92; tibia, 16; foot, 10 ; calcar, 5; nose-leaf from tip of lance to lower edge of rounded lobe just above lip, 9.4; greatest width of lance, 4; greatest width of rounded portion of nose-leaf, 5 ; height of ear from notch in front
FIG. CXXVI. URODERMA CONVEXUM.
No. 111722 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Type.
URODEXMA. DERMANURA. 699
of antitragus, 9; greatest width of ear, 8; greatest length of skull, 23.4; zygomatic width of skull, 13; front of incisors to posterior edge of palate, 11.4; length of palate, posterior to last molars, 2.6; front of upper canine alveolus to posterior edge of last upper molar, 8; greatest width between outer surface of upper molars at alveoli, 9.6; greatest length of mandible, 15; front of lower canine at alveolus to posterior edge of last molar, 8.4." (Lyon, 1. c. ex Type.)
162. Deriiiaiiura.
Dermanura Gervais, Exped. Comte de Castelnau, Amer. Sud. Mamm., Zool., 1855, p. 36. Type Dermanura cinereum Ger- vais.
Molars similar to those of Artibeiis, but only four pairs; inter- femoral membrane emarginate ; other characters as in Artibeus.
KEY TO THE SPECIES. PAGE
A. Size small, uniform light yellowish brown ....... D. phceotis 699
B. Size large, black tinged with ashy .............. D. cinereum 699
660. phaeotis (Dermanura), Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phila.,
1902, p. 405. DARK-EARED BAT.
Type locality. Chichen Itza, Yucatan.
Genl. Char. Smaller than D. cinereum and paler; palate with two rows of small foramina.
Color. Uniform light yellowish brown, washed with broccoli brown; ears dark brown without white edging; four facial whitish stripes.
Measurements. Forearm, 37; thumb, 9.6; second finger, 31; third finger, 78; fourth finger, 62; fifth finger, 57; tibia, 14; foot, 9. Skull: greatest length, 19; zygomatic breadth, n.6; mastoid breadth, 10.
661. cinereum (Dermanura), Gerv., Expe"d. Castlenau, Ame"r. Sud.
Mamm., Zool., 1855, p. 36, pi. vin, fig. 4; pi. ix, figs. 4 and 4a; pi. xi, fig. 3.
tolteca (Stenoderma) , Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zool., 2me Se"r., xn, 1860, p. 427, pi. xv, fig. 4.
700 DERMANURA.
CINEREOUS BAT.
Type locality. Brazil.
Geogr. Distr. Mexico to Brazil.
Genl. Char. Similar to A. jamaicensis, but smaller.
Color. Above and beneath black tinged with ashy; no white streaks.
Measurements. Length of head and body, 54.1; forearm, 40.6; thumb, 10; third finger, metacarpal, 36.8; fifth finger, metacarpal,
FIG. 154. DERMANURA CINEREUM.
No. 49350 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Enlarged 2% times. Incisors enlarged 6 times
DERMANURA.
VAMPYROPS.
701
FIG. CXXVII. DERMANURA QUADRIVITTATUM.
No. 102897 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Twice nat. size.
36.8; tibia, 13.9; foot, 10; ear, 16.5; tragus, 6.3. Skull: occipito- nasal length, 18; zygomatic width, 12; height of base at bullae, 10; interorbital constriction, 5; mastoid breadth, 10.5; palatal length, 9; length of mandible , 12.5.
163. Vampyrops.
j 2-2. p M. p«. \f 3-3 1'2-2' U'I-I» r'2-2' M-3-3~32-
Vampyrops Peters, Monatsb. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1865, p. 356.
Type Phyllostoma lineatum E. Geoffrey. Vampyressa Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., yth Ser., v, 1900, p.
270. Vampyriscus, Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., yth Ser., v, 1900, p.
270. Vampyrodes, Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser., v, 1900, p.
270.
Upper middle incisors conical, obliquely directed; molars narrow; facial portion of skull, produced, narrow; tragus incised externally opposite base of inner margin.
KEY TO THE SPECIES. A Size small.
a. Forearm 41.25 mm. Color dark brown, be- PAGE neath ashy brown V. lineatus 702
b. Forearm 35 mm. Color paler V. helleri 703
B. Size large.
a. Forearm 58.75 mm V. vittatus 704
702
VAMPYROPS.
662. lineatus (Phyllostomd) , E. Geoff., Ann. du Mus. Hist. Nat.
Paris, xv, 1810, p. 180. WHITE-STRIPED BAT.
Type locality. Paraguay.
Geogr. Distr. Mexico to Paraguay.
Genl. Char. Characters those of genus. Outer upper incisors very small, conical, straight; first upper premolar like a canine,
FIG. 155. VAMPYROPS HELLERI. No. 7948 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. Enlarged 2:/£ times. Nose view enlarged 5 times.
straight; posterior upper molar situated on inner side of second molar; wing membrane from base of toes; interfemoral membrane short, concave; inner and outer side of ear conch on lower part margined with white; tragus acuminate, rounded lobe at base of outer margin, with a projecting tooth above.
Color. Above dark brown; under parts ashy brown; four white streaks on face; from occiput to interfemoral membrane is a narrow line of white.
Measurements. Length of head and body, 58.4; forearm, 41.9;
VAMPYROPS. 703
thumb, 10 ; third finger, metacarpal, 38; fourth finger, metacarpal, 38; fifth finger, metacarpal, 38; tibia, 15.2; foot, 10; ear, 16.5.
663. helleri (Vampyrops), Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss.
Berl., 1866, p. 392. HELLER'S WHITE-STRIPED BAT.
Type locality. ' ' Mexico. ' '
Geogr. Distr. Mexico to South America, Venezuela. Chiriqui, Panama, and San Miguel Island, Bay of Panama. (Bangs.)
Genl. Char. Horseshoe of nose-leaf free on edge, lanceolate portion with broad longitudinal ridge; ears rounded, emarginate externally,
FIG. CXXVIII. VAMPYROPS VITTATUS.
No. 5496 Acad. Nat. Sci. Coll.
and with lobe at base; tragus pointed, serrately toothed on outer edge and with a nearly two-lobed process at base; large wart on under lip, margined with two smaller warts, and near them seven warts on a side forming an angle; wings from base of toes.
Color. General hue brown, lighter than that of V . lineatus; four white streaks on face and a narrow one from crown along center of the back.
Measurements. Head and body, 66; forearm, 35.5; thumb, 12.7; third finger, metacarpal, 51.6; fourth finger, metacarpal, 54.6; fifth finger, metacarpal, 55.8; tibia, 21.5; ear, 22.8; tragus, 8.9. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 19.5; Hensel, 17; zygomatic width, 12; inter- orbital constriction, 5; palatal length, 9; width of braincase at squamosals, 9 ; length of upper molar series, 6 ; width of palate between last molars, 5; length of mandible angle to symphysis, 14; length of lower molar series, 7.
704 VAMPYROPS. STERNODERMA.
664. vittatus (Artibeus), Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Ak. Wiss.
Berl., 1859, p. 225. PETERS' WHITE-STRIPED BAT.
Type locality. Puerto Cabello, Venezuela.
Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica, Central America, to northern South America.
Genl. Char. Size large. Muzzle long, narrow; horseshoe free all around; tragus similar to that of V. lineatus; fur extending outward on wing membrane between elbow and middle of femur.
Color. General hue above and below dark brown; white line from crown along back; short naked white patch on each side of face.
Measurements. Length of head and body, 86.3; forearm, 59.6; thumb, 12.7 ; third finger, metacarpal, 54.6; fourth finger, metacarpal, 54.6; fifth finger, metacarpal, 55.8; tibia, 21.5; foot, 15.2; ear, 22.8; tragus, 8.9. Skull: palatal length, 16.6; interorbital constriction, 7.6; zygomatic breadth, 19; breadth of palate between middle molars, 8.4; length of mandible, 22.4; length of upper tooth row, 12.6; length of lower tooth row, 13.4.
164. Stemoclerma.
Sternoderma E. Geoff., Descr. de 1'Egypte, Mamm., n, 1818, p. 114.
Type Sternoderma rufum E. Geoffrey. Artibeus Gerv., Exped. Casteln. Amer. Sud. Mamm., Zool., 1855,
p. 34. (nee Leach.) Ariteus Gray, Ann. Hist. Nat., or Mag. Zool. Bot. Geol., n, 1838,
p. 491. Id. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1866, p. 117. Histiops Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1869, p.
399- Peltorhinus Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1876.
P-433-
Muzzle short, broad; ear and nose-leaf as in Artibeus, as are also most of the external characters, but the skull differs in having the horizontal plate of the palatal bones partially or wholly absent ; palate is wide, short, and deeply emarginate posteriorly; molars broad, crowns concave.
KEY TO THE SPECIES. A. Central upper incisors bicuspidate ; molars |^. PAGE
a. Above and beneath slaty gray ........... 5. montserratense 705
b. Above and beneath dull brown ............... 5. nichollsi 706
STERNODERMA. 705
PAGE
c. Uniform clay color S. lucice 706
d. Above light reddish brown, paler beneath . S. achradophilum 707
A. Sternoderma.
665. montserratense (Sternoderma), Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1894, P- J33-
MONTSERRAT BAT.
Type locality. Island of Montserrat, West Indies.
FIG. 156. STERNODERMA ACHRADOPHILUM.
No. 113502 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Twice nat. size. Nose enlarged 4 times
Genl. Char. Size large, stout; molars, ~; upper incisors bicus- pidate; last upper molar oval; palatal emargination long, narrow; no facial streaks or shoulder marks.
Color. Slaty gray.
Measurements. Total length, 69; forearm, 51.5; knee to end of claws, 35.5; ear from notch, 16.5. Skull: basal length, 18.2; greatest length, 23.6; zygomatic breadth, 16; interorbital constriction, 7.1; width of palate inside first upper molars, 4.4; outside, 10.5; basion
700 STERNODERMA.
to front of palatal notch, 13.2; front of canine to back of second upper molar, 7.4.
666. nichollsi (Sternoderma) , Thos., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th Ser.,
vn, 1891, p. 529. NICHOLLS' BAT.
Type locality. Island of Dominica, West Indies.
Genl. Char. Size smaller than that of S. montserratense; upper incisors bicuspidate; molars, |^, broad; frontal ridges absent; palatal emargination narrow, reaching to the middle of first upper molar.
Color. Dull brown, uniform.
Measurements. Head and body, 53; forearm, 44; thumb, n.6;
FIG. CXXIX. STERNODERMA LUCI/E. No. 110917 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll.
second finger, 36; third finger, 96; fourth finger, 76; fifth finger, 66; tibia, 16.4; foot, 12; ear from meatus, 18; from crown, 13.6; width, 14. Skull : greatest length, 20.4 ; basal length, 1 7 ; interorbital constric- tion, 5.4; zygomatic breadth, 13.6; mastoid breadth, n; breadth of palate between molars, 3.6; mandible, 12; maxillary tooth row, 6.4; mandibular tooth row, 6.8.
667. lucise (Sternoderma), Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phila.,
1902, p. 407. ST. LUCIA BAT.
Type locality. Island of Santa Lucia.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. nichollsi, but larger, posterior molar minute, second lower molar with nearly square outline to crown.
Color. Uniform clay color; back, limbs, and membranes washed with wood brown; small white spot on shoulder; membranes dark
STERNODERMA. PHYLLOPS. 707
brown; antebrachium with pale border from thumb half way to shoulder.
Measurements. Total length, 65; forearm, 47; thumb, 15; second finger, 41; third finger, no; fourth finger, 76; fifth finger, 71; tibia, 19; foot, 12.6; ear from meatus, 18; from crown, 14; width, 14. Skull: greatest length, 23; basal length, 20; interorbital constriction, 6; zygomatic breadth, 15; mastoid breadth, 12; mandible, 13.4; max- illary tooth row, 7.6; mandibular tooth row, 8.
B. Peltorhinus.
Nose-leaf attached in front to the tubercle on upper lip, spear- shaped, oval, acute; fur fine, woolly, sparsely covering forearm; wing membrane extending to claws.
668. achradophilum (Artibeus), Gosse, Nat. Sojourn in Jamaica,
1851, p. 271, pi. vi, fig. 4. sulphureus Gosse, Nat. Sojourn in Jamaica, 1851, p. 271, pi. vi,
fig- 5- jamaicensis Gosse, Nat. Sojourn in Jamaica, 1851, p. 271, pi. vi,
fig- 3-
flavescens Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1866, p. 117. FRUIT-LOVING BAT.
Type locality. Content, Island of Jamaica.
Geogr. Distr. Islands of Cuba and Jamaica.
Genl. Char. Muzzle short; front margin of horizontal nose-leaf projecting in a V-shaped process and ending in a wart -like elevation; posterior nose-leaf lanceolate, summit acute, central ridge on front face; central wart on lower lip, one on each side, and two others beneath; interfemoral membrane short; wing membrane from tarsus.
Color. Above light reddish brown, beneath paler; white patch on each shoulder.
Measurements. Length of head and body, 55.8; forearm, 40.6; thumb, 10 ; third finger, metacarpal, 40.6; fourth finger, metacarpal, 40.6; fifth finger, metacarpal, 41.4; tibia, 15.2; foot, 10; ear, 17.7; tragus, 5.5. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 23; Hensel, 16; zygomatic width, 1 5 ; interorbital constriction, 5.5; palatal length, 11.5; length of upper tooth row, 6.5.
165. Phyllops.
Phyllops Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1865, p.
356. Type Artibeus falcatus Gray.1
Molars as in Artibeus; palate deeply cleft between molars; second upper molar three-fourths size of the first ; nose-leaf abruptly narrowed above, acute at tip.
708 PHYLLOPS.
669. falcatum (Artibeus), Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., iv, 1839, p. i.
albomaculatum (Phyllostomd) , Gundl., Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad.
Wiss. Berl., 1861, p. 155. FALCATE BAT.
Type locality. Cuba.
Geogr. Distr. Island of Cuba.
FIG. 157. PHYLLOPS FALCATUM.
No. 113230 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Enlarged 21/* times. Face view enlarged 6 times.
Genl. Char. Skull has frontal flattened; palate emarginate, the sides converging and forming an angle; second upper molar barely three-fourths the size of first; posterior nose-leaf abruptly narrowed at tip, acutely pointed; fur woolly.
Color. Sooty gray, lightest on under parts; small white patch at anterior point of the origin of each antebrachial membrane; no facial streaks; ears and membranes pale brown.
Measurements. Length of head and body, 48.2; forearm, 41.9;
PHYLLOPS.
ECTOPHYLLA.
709
thumb, 10 ; third finger, metacarpal, 38; fourth finger, metacarpal, 38; fifth finger, metacarpal, 38; tibia, 15.2; foot, 10; ear, 15.2; tragus, 5.5. Skull: greatest length, 19; occipito-nasal length, 16; zygomatic width, 12; interorbital constriction, 5; width of braincase, 9; palatal length, 3.5; Hensel, 14; length of upper molar series, 4.5; length of mandible, 11.2; length of lower molar series, 5.
166. Ectophylla.
Dental formula unknown.
Ectophylla H. Allen, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xv, 1892, p. 441, 2
figs. text. Type Ectophylla alba H. Allen.
"Nose-leaf erect, basal part notched in middle of free margins; nostrils separated by a small rounded nodule; auricle simple, erect,
FIG. CXXX. ECTOPHYLLA ALBA.
ex Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. i% times nat. size.
ovate; external basal lobe convex and slightly thickened, internal rounded, free; tragus half the height of auricle, moderately convex on inner margin, irregularly convex on outer, and with two coarse serrations near base; chin with eight (?) marginal rounded warts, and one median behind; interfemoral membrane, a broad hem to the
710 ECTOPHYLLA. CHIRODERMA.
inferior extremity and pubis; tail absent; tip of calcar projecting; wing membranes midway between ankles and base of metatarsi ; first phalanx shorter than second; first phalanx of third finger one-third the length of metacarpal; fifth metacarpal long as forearm; phalanx of second digit one-fourth the metacarpal." (Allen, 1. c.) Specimen mutilated and without skull.
670. alba (Ectophylla) , H. Allen, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xv, 1892,
p. 442, figs, i, 2. WHITE HONDURAS BAT.
Type locality. Segovia River, Eastern Honduras?
Geogr. Distr. Honduras, Central America?
Genl. Char. Those of the genus. Interfemoral membrane naked.
Color. • Above dullish white to the shoulder, remainder has the hairs whitish tipped with fawn; beneath whitish; flanks dark fawn.
Measurements. Head and body, 36; forearm, 25; first finger, metacarpal, 3; second finger, metacarpal, 21 ; third finger, metacarpal, 25; fourth finger, metacarpal, 25; fifth finger, metacarpal, 25; tibia, 10 ; foot, 8; ear, 10; tragus, 5.5.
167. Chiroderma.
!.£.«£: C-S> PS MS, or £= ,6 or 30.
Chiroderma Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1860,
p. 747. Type Chiroderma villosum Peters.
In general characters similar to Vampyrops, but with a shorter muzzle and more developed interfemoral membrane; tooth formula also different. In immature specimens a deep cleft between nasals from their opening to between orbits backward; upper middle incisors slender, their cusps directed inward; first upper premolar with an oblique cusp ; first lower premolar with or without a distinct cusp.
671. salvini Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., 1878, p. 532, pi. 29,
fig. 3. 3a. SALVIN'S LEAF-NOSED BAT.
Type locality. Costa Rica.
Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica. Range unknown.
Genl. Char. Nose-leaf horseshoe-shaped, free in front and on sides, and with a projection from center of anterior margin; eyes large; outer upper incisors very small; lower incisors small, slightly grooved
CHIRODERMA. 711
on the crowns ; last lower molar large ; first lower premolar with a flat oval crown, and without a distinct cusp; other characters those of the genus.
Color. Above dark brown, the hairs being brown at base, then
FIG. 158. CHIRODERMA SALVINI.
No. 22849 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Twice nat. size. Incisors enlarged 4 times.
pale yellowish brown, then dark brown; beneath, hairs brown with ash-colored tips; four broad white streaks on head.
Measurements. Length of head and body, 71; height of nose- leaf, ii ; forearm, 50.8; thumb, 10; third finger, metacarpal, 45.7; fourth finger, metacarpal, 44.4; fifth finger, metacarpal, 44.4; tibia,
71'J
CHIRODERMA.
PYGODERMA.
FIG. CXXXI. CHIRODERMA SALVINI. No. 1790 Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. Coll.
16.51; foot, 10 ; ear, 17.7; tragus, 6.8. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 23; zygomatic width, 16; mastoid breadth, 12; palatal length, 9.5; width of palate between last molars, 5; length of mandible, 18.
168. Pygoderma.
Pygoderma Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1863, p.
83, and 1865, p. 357. Type *Phyllostoma bilabiatum Wagner. Muzzle short, obtuse; facial part of skull elevated anteriorly; upper incisors straight, conical, the central pair unicuspidate, trian- gular, with small basal projection externally on cingulum; outer incisors very small, level with the gums; crowns flat, occupying space between middle incisors and canines; lower incisors grooved, placed in line between canines ; posterior lower molar one-third the size of first molar; ears and nose-leaf similar to those of Artibeus. A ridge from angle of mouth backward, naked.
672. bilabiatum (Phyllostoma) , Wagn., in Weigm., Archiv. f. Naturg.,
ix, 1843, bd. i, p. 366.
leucomus (Arctibeus!) Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1848, p. 57. microdon Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1863,
p. 83.
*Under this genus Peters 1. c. gives three species, P. bilabiatum, Wagner, Artibeus leucomus Gray, and Pygoderma microdon Peters, in the order named. If the species first given is to be selected, bilabiatum is the type. Palmer gives the last named, microdon, as the type. (Ind. Gen. Mamm., 1904, p. 599.)
PYGODERMA.
713
YPANEMA NOSE-LEAF BAT.
Type locality. Ypanema, San Paulo, Brazil. Geogr. Distr. Mexico to Brazil. Gcnl. Char. Those of the genus.
FIG. 159. PYGODERMA BILABIATUM. No. 37502 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll Enlarged 5 times.
Color. Above dark brown, also at base of hairs ; pale buff between , under parts grayish brown; small patch of white on shoulder; forearm above, wing membrane between humerus and forearm, and legs to ankles covered with fur.
Measurements. Length of head and body, 61 ; forearm, 28 ; thumb, 12.7; third finger, metacarpal, 35.5; fourth finger, metacarpal, 35.5;
FIG. CXXXII. PYGODERMA BILABIATUM. No 10568; U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll.
714
PYGODERMA.
STURNIRA.
fifth finger, metacarpal, 36.8; tibia, 16.5; foot, 11.4; ear, 17.7; tragus, 7.1. Skull: length of mandible, angle to symphysis, 11.5; height at condyle, 2; at coronoid process, 5; length of lower molar series, 4; width between molar series, inside, 3. Skull too badly broken for other measurements.
169. Sturnira.
T 2-2. p I-I . p 2-2 . M 3-3 _ i'2^' UI-I' F'^> iVLF3~32'
Sturnira Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ist Ser., x, 1842, p. 257. Type Sturnira spectrum Gray — Phyllostoma lilium E. Geoffroy.
Nyctiplanus Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1848, p. 57.
Muzzle conical; chin with three warts margined beneath by smaller warts; tail, none; wing membrane reaching ankles; inter- femoral membrane narrow ; tufts of variously colored hairs over glands on the sides of neck in the male; upper middle incisors unicuspidate, oblique; molars narrow, longitudinally grooved.
FIG. 160. STURNIRA LILIUM.
No. 37324 U. S. Nat Mus. Coll. Twice enlarged. Incisors enlarged 5 times.
STURNIRA.
715
673. lilium (Phyllostoma), Geoff., Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, xv,
1810, p. 181.
spiculatus Illig., Licht. Verz. der Doubl., p. 3. spectrum Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ist Ser., 1842, p. 257. excisum Wagn., in Wiegm., Archiv. f. Naturg., 1842, p. 358. albescens Wagn., Abhandl. Munch. Akad., v, p. 178. erythromos Tschudi, Faun. Peruana, 1844-46, p. 64, pi. i. oporaphilum Tschudi, Faun. Peruana, 1844-46, p. 64, pi. i. chilense Gerv., Gay, Hist. Chili. Mamm., 1847, P- 3°> pi- x> fig- I- rotundatus Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1848, p. 57. chrysocomus Wagn., Suppl. Schreb. Saugeth., v, 1855, p. 635. lilium Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1890, p. 181.
FIG. CXXXIII. STURNIRA LILIUM. No. 8209 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. Twice nat. size.
GEOFFROY'S BAT.
Type locality. Paraguay.
Geogr. Distr. States of Jalisco and Vera Cruz, Mexico, to Paraguay and Chili. West Indies.
Genl. Char. Those of the genus.
Color. Adult Male. Dorsal region dark brown, base of hairs yellowish white, and tips reddish; head, neck and shoulders yellowish brown; under parts grayish brown tinged with reddish; throat paler, on each side of neck a tuft of brownish red hairs with golden red tips.
Adult Female. Dorsal region dark brown; rest of upper parts grayish brown ; under parts paler generally ; belly whitish tinged with red.
Measurements. Length of head and body, 61 ; forearm, 43 ; thumb, 11.4; third finger, metacarpal, 39.3; fourth finger, metacarpal, 40.6;
710
STURNIRA.
CENTURIONIN^E.
CENTURIO.
fifth finger, metacarpal, 40.6; tibia, 16.5; foot, 12.7; ear, 17.7; tragus, 7. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 20; zygomatic width, 13; height of braincase at bullse, 10; palatal length, 8; length of mandible, 13.
Subfam. V. Centurioninee. 17O. Ceuturio.
Centurio Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ist Ser., x, 1842, p. 259. Type
Centurio senex Gray. Trichocoryes H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien.. Phila., 1861. p. 351
FIG. 161. CENTURIO SENEX.
No. 37786 Coll. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.
Enlarged 2j£ times. Nose view enlarged 5 times
CENTURIO.
717
Muzzle short and broad anteriorly; face with numerous naked raised ridges; under side of lower jaw and throat with transverse cutaneous bands; no nose-leaf; nostrils in concavity at end of muzzle formed by a division in upper lip, and are separated by a flat, naked, straight-sided elevation in the center; ear conch divided internally ; throat with transverse folds of skin ; rostral portion of skull very broad ; upper canines with anterior basal concavity; posterior upper molar smaller than first; lower incisors very small, grooved; upper middle incisor broad at base, cusp short ; wings extending to metatarsi ; interfemoral membrane well developed, emarginate behind, extending above middle of tibia.
FIG. CXXXIV. CENTURIO SENEX. OLD MALE.
FIG. CXXXV. CENTURIO SENEX. YOUNG.
ex Dobson, Cat. Chiroptera.
674. senex (Centurio), Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ist Ser., x, 1842, p. 259. Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1901, p. 297.
flavogularis Licht. & Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1854, p. 335.
mexicanus Sauss., Rev. & Mag. Zool., 2me Ser., xn, 1860, p. 381.
macmurtri H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil.r 1861, p. 360. (Adult Male.)
minor Ward, Am. Nat., xxv, 1891, p. 750. (Female.)
718 CENTURIO. DESMODONTIN^;. DESMODUS.
WRINKLED-FACE BAT.
Type locality. Unknown.
Gcogr. Distr. Eastern Mexico, State of Vera Cruz, into Central America to Costa Rica. Limits of range not determined.
Genl. Char. Those of the genus.
Color. Yellowish brown, tips of hairs grayish; a white spot on shoulder.
Measurements. Length of head and body, 50.5-75; forearm, 40-53; thumb, 10-12.5; third finger, 80-93; fourth finger, 60; fifth finger, 42; tibia, 16-20.5; foot, 10-11; ear, 11-16.5; tragus, 3.5-7.5. Skull: total length, 17; zygomatic width, 14.7; interorbital width, 5; height of braincase, 11.5; palatal length to incisive foramina, 3.
The Desmodont group contains but two genera, comprising the species of blood-sucking bats, the real Vampires, whose teeth and alimentary canal are modified so as to be adapted to their food.
Subfam. VI. Desmodontinse. 171. Desmoclus.
Desmodus Wied, Abbild. Naturgesch. Brasil., 5te Lief., 1824, pi. Id. Beitr. Natur. Bras., n, 1826, p. 231. Type Desmodus rufus Wied=Phyllostoma rotundum Geoffrey.
Muzzle short, conical; nose-leaf distinct; nostrils opening on its surface, and numerous ridges bounding it behind; deep V-shaped groove on lower lip extending to chin; ears separate, short; tragus longer than broad, acute; upper incisors large, their longest side con- cave, sharp; canines smaller than incisors; lower incisors small, bifid, with a space between them and the canines, and also between them in front; premolars small; interfemoral membrane not extending to heels; no calcaneum; no tail.
675. rotundus (Phyllostoma) , E. Geoff., Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., 1810,
p. 181.
ecaudatus (Rhinolophus*) , Schinz, Thiere., i, 1821, p. 168. rufus (Desmodus}, Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 1826, p. 233. cinerea D'Orbigny, Voy. de I'AmeV. Merid., iv, 1847, P- IJ» P^
VIII.
d'orbignyi Waterh., Voy. Beagle, Mamm., 1839-42, p. i, pis. i and xxxv, fig. i.
DESMODUS.
719
FIG. 162. DESMODUS ROTUNDUS.
No. 7042 Field Columbian Mus. Coll.
Twice nat. size. Incisors enlarged 4 times.
murinus et mfus Wagn., Schreb. Saugeth. Suppl., i, 1847, PP-
377-38°-
fuscus Lund., Burm. Thiere Bras., 1854, p. 57. RUFOUS VAMPIRE BAT.
Type locality. Paraguay.
Geogr. Distr. Southern Mexico south to Chili and Paraguay.
FIG. CXXXVI. DESMODUS ROTUNDUS.
No. 7042 Field Columbian Mus. Coll. Nat. size.
720 DESMODUS. DIPHYLLA.
Genl. Char. Those of the genus.
Color. Above dark rufous brown, base of hairs whitish; under parts pale gray or whitish.
Measurements. Length of head and body, 76.2; forearm, 63.5; third finger, metacarpal, 53.3; fourth finger, metacarpal, 63.5; ear, 19; tragus, 7.6; tibia, 38; foot, 15.2. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 20; zygomatic width, u; interorbital width, 5.5; mastoid breadth, 12.5; height of braincase at bullae, 12; palatal length, 7.5; length of mandible, 14.
172. Diphylla.
Diphylla *Spix, Simiar. et Vespert. Bras., 1823, p. 68. (nee Oken Mollusca, 1817.) Type Diphylla ecaudata Spix.
H&matonycteris H. Allen, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvm, 1896, p. 777. Type, Diphylla ecaudata Dobson. (nee Spix.)
Muzzle flat, square, not separated inferiorly from lip; raised trans- verse ridge behind muzzle; lower lip indistinctly cleft; auricle with both internal and external basal lobes; tragus abruptly acuminate, thickened near apex ; interfemoral membrane rudimental ; middle pair of upper incisors very large, outer exceedingly minute; lower incisors pectinate, central pair larger than outer; premolars compressed, with knife-like edges, the first on lower jaw twice the size of the second, and the third more than twice the size of first; upper molar minute. Spec, ex Mexico.
KEY TO THE SPECIES. PAGE
A. Under parts gray ..................... D. ecaudata (Spix?) 720
B. Under parts seal brown ...................... D. centralis 721
676. ecaudata Spix, Simiar. et Vespert. Bras., 1823, p. 68, pi. xxxvi. H. Allen, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvm, 1896, p. 769. (nee Spix?.) TAILLESS BAT.
Type locality. Brazil. Geogr. Distr. Southern Mexico ?. Brazil. Genl. Char. Those of the genus.
Color. Sides of neck and the back fawn color ; shafts of hair nearly white ; under surface gray, base of fur white ; triangular space of gray
*Spix's specimen in the number of its molars, ^^, may be abnormal; but
if not, it belongs to a different genus from the species described by Dr. H. Allen, from Mexico.
DIPHYLLA.
7-21
hair on wing membrane; face nearly naked, a pencil of hair between eye and nose-leaf; arm and forearm furred nearly to the wrist.
Measurements. Length of head and body, 66; forearm, 50.8; third finger, metacarpal, 50.8; fourth finger, metacarpal, 50.8; fifth finger, metacarpal, 49.5; ear, 16.5; tragus, 7.6; tibia, 17.7; foot, 13.9. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 20; zygomatic width, 7; interorbital width, 8; height of braincase at bullae, 12; mastoid width, 12; palatal length, 6; length of mandible, 14.
FIG. 163. DIPHYLLA ECAUDATA.
No. 37338 U. S. Nat. Mus. Coll. ex Orizaba, Mexico
Twice nat. size. Incisors enlarged •> times.
677. centralis (Diphylla), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser.
xi, 1903, p. 378. BOQUETE TAILLESS BAT.
Type locality. Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, 4,500 feet.
Genl. Char. Like D. ecandata; legs less heavily haired, less white on digits and tips of wings; skull more round and less sharply arched above ; interorbital region narrower ; zygomata more widely and evenly spread; bullae larger and higher; third and fourth lower premolars
722 DIPHYLLA.
and first molar subequal; lower canine shorter, with a more strongly marked posterior basal ledge.
Color. Back and belly seal brown, neck and shoulders lighter, broad base of hairs white.
Measurements. Head and body, 87; ear, 15; forearm, 54; third finger, metacarpal, 54; first phalanx, n; second phalanx, 28. Skull: greatest length, from tip of incisors, 22.8; basal length, 17.2; zygo- matic breadth, 12.6; breadth of braincase, 11.3; palate length, 7; postpalatal length, 10.2. (Thomas, 1. c.)
Order xi. Primates, Primates.
Sub. Order. Anthropoidea. Pam. I. fCallifricliidte. Marmoset*.
The Marmosets are the smallest members of the tribe of Monkeys, and comprise the lowest group of the suborder. They are confined to the New World, and in size are not larger than many species of squirrels, are arboreal in habits, associate in small companies and live on fruits and insects. They are covered with rather long, thick and soft fur and the color varies greatly. The ears of some are decorated with long fringes, others have large whiskers, and others heavy manes. The digits have claws instead of nails on all except the hallux, or great toe, which possesses a nail. As many as three young are often brought forth, thus greatly exceeding the normal number for the Order. They are not very hardy animals, and easily succumb if carried into a cold climate.
173. Midas.
j 2-2 . p I-I . p 3-3 . M 2-2 _ i'2-2' U'M' r'3-3' M'2^ — 32'
Midas Geoff., Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, xix, 1812, p. 120. Type Simia midas Linnaeus.
FIG. 164. MIDAS GEOFFROYI. No. 37794 Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus. Nat. size.
fSee O. Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th Ser., xn, 1903, p. 457.
723
724
MIDAS.
Marikina Reich., Vollstand. Naturg. Affen. 7-9, 1862, pi. n, figs.
25-31- Seniocebus Gray, Cat. Monkeys, Lemurs, and Fruit-eating Bats,
Brit. Mus., 1870, p. 68.
Lower canines longer than incisors; external bony auditory meatus wanting; no cheek pouches; pollex not opposable to rest of digits; hallux alone possessing a nail.
678. geoffroyi (Hapalc), Puch., Rev. Zool., vin, 1845, p. 336.
irdipus Schat., Nat. Hist. Rev., 1861, p. 509. (nee Linn.) GEOFFROY'S Tin MONKEY.
Type locality. Panama.
Geogr. Distr. Panama to Columbia.
FIG. CXXXVII. MIDAS GEOFFROYI.
MIDAS. CEBIDJE. ALOUATTINiE. 725
Genl. Char. Size small; nape rufous; no lengthened white oc- cipital crest.
Color. Top of head white, rest of head and face lead color; nape and hind neck rufous, upper parts and sides yellowish brown, becom- ing rufous on rump; under parts, limbs, hands, and feet white; tail, basal portion rufous, remainder black.
Measurements. Total length, 570; tail vertebrae, 310 (mounted specimen). Skull: occipito-nasal length, 59; zygomatic width, 38; width of orbit, 17.5 ; length of nasals, 10; width of frontals, 26; palatal length, 16; palatal arch to end of hamular process, 10; width of ham- ular process, 9; length of mandible, 37 ; height at condyle, 22.5.
In the next family are found the typical members. They are inhabitants of tropical America, in whose vast forest regions they abound, Brazil probably possessing the largest number of species. Those of the genus CEBUS, known as the Sapajous or Capuchins, are probably familiar to a greater number of people than any other of the monkey tribe, and are more often seen in captivity. They are among the most intelligent of the New World Monkeys, are playful, mischievous in the highest degree, and tricky. They go in troupes, following each other in single file through the forest trees, steadying themselves amid the branches by hands and tail, taking a firm hold of any object with the latter by means of the prehensile end.
Fam. II. Cebitke. Prehensile-tailed Monkeys.
Skull round; no external auditory meatus; frontal sinuses large; internarial septum broad; legs, arms, and tail very long; tail some- times prehensile; nails on all the digits.
Subfam. I. Alouattinse.
Digits with nails; tail prehensile, naked distally beneath; pollex well developed.
The Howling Monkeys, as the species of the next genus are called, are remarkable, as may be supposed from their names, for their extremely powerful voices, which cause the forest to resound with their cries in the mornings and evenings. They are heavy in form, with strong prehensile tails, sullen in disposition, and practically untamable. They keep in the tops of the highest trees, and feed on
7-Jii ALOUATTA.
leaves and fruits. They vary wonderfully in color, both among individuals and between the sexes, while some of the races, separated on the hues of the fur, or difference in size, have a precarious and unsatisfactory scientific standing. In intelligence these monkeys have a very low rank. The species associate in small groups, and the habits do not apparently vary among the recognized forms. They range from Central America to southern South America.
174. Alouatta. Howling Monkeys.
Alouatta Lacepede, Tabl. Ordres et Genres Mamm., 1799, p. 4. Type Simia belzebul Linnaeus.
Mycctes Illig., Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Av., 1811, p. 70.
Occipital region of skull truncate; rami of mandible enormously developed; hyoid greatly inflated; lower incisors vertical, canines powerful; claws convex, strong.
KEY TO THE SPECIES. PAGE
A. Upper parts black, beneath black ................. 4. villosa 726
B. Upper parts yellowish brown, varying in ex- tent.
a Size large .................. ' ................ A . palliata 726
b. Size small .............................. A. p. mexicana 727
c. Size very small .......................... A. p. coibcnsis 727
679. villosa (Mycctes}, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ist Ser., xvi,
1845, P- 22°- VILLOUS HOWLER. Mono in Guatemala.
Type locality. Brazil.
Gcogr. Distr. Guatemala and Honduras, Central America, into South America.
Color. Uniform black; hairs beneath ears brownish at base.
Measurements. Total length, 1650; tail, 630; foot, 128.
680. palliata (Mycetes), Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1848, p. 138, pi. vi. MANTLED HOWLER. Congo in Costa Rica; Congo, o'Mono Chillon in
Nicaragua.
Type locality. Caracas, Venezuela. Geogr. Distr. Nicaragua to South America.
Genl. Char. Hair of forehead forming a slight crest ; beard slight . Color. Very variable. Black; middle of back and upper part of
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM. PLATE LXVII, ZOOLOGY.
ALOUATTA VILLOSA.
No. 140 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Coll. About % nat. size.
ALOUATTA.
727
sides bronze yellow brown, hairs tipped with black; lower part of sides brownish yellow; tail black; hands and feet black; under parts sparsely covered with brown hairs. The depth of the black or blackish brown general color, and the space covered by yellowish brown or fulvous on back and loins varies considerably.
FIG. CXXXVIII. ALOUATTA PALLIATA. MANTLED HOWLER.
Measurements. Total length, 1142; tail vertebrae, 585; hind foot, 145 (skin).
a. — nifjcicfimi (Alouatta), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1902, p. 67. MEXICAN HOWLER.
Type locality. Minatitlan, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Gcogr. Distr. Eastern Mexico.
Genl. Char. Like A. palliata, but smaller; rostrum narrower; zygoma without the "hump" on upper side posteriorly; coronoid process broadly rounded ; teeth small.
Color. Similar to A. palliata.
Measurements. Total length, 1190; tail vertebras, 651 ; hind foot, 148. (Merr., ex Type.)
b. — coibciiKis (Alouatta), Thomas, Novitat. Zool., ix, 1902, p. 135.
728 ALOUATTA. AOTINyE. AOTUS.
ISLAND OF COIBA HOWLER.
Type locality. Coiba Island, off west coast of Panama.
Genl. Char. Similar to A. palliata, but smaller; zygomata pro- portionally more expanded. A small insular race.
Color. Like A. palliata.
Measurements. Head and body, 560; tail, 580; foot, 130. Skull: greatest length, 104.5; basal length, 86.5 ; zygomatic breadth, 79.5; nasals, median length, 15.3; anterior width, 13.5; least width, 7.5; interorbital breadth, n; palatal length, 53; length of upper tooth row (molars and premolars), 33; condyle to angle of mandible, 62; antero-posterior diameter of ascending ramus, 30.
Subfam. II. Aotinse. Squirrel Monkeys.
Size small; tail non-prehensile; muzzle not prominent; habits nocturnal.
175. *Aotus.
Aotus Humboldt, Recueil d'obs. Zool. et Anat. Comp., i, 1811, p. 358. Type Simia trivirgata Humboldt.
Nyctipithecus Spix, Sim. et Vesp. Bras., 1823, p. 25.
Head round; orbits large; nasal septum narrow; nostrils approxi- mate.
FIG. 165. AOTUS AZAR/E. No. 37793. Coll. U. S Nat. Mus. Nat. size.
*To illustrate this genus, no skull of a Central American species being available, that of a South American species is given.
AOTUS.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Upper parts ashy tinged with rufous, beneath PAGE rufous A . rufipes 7 2g
B. Upper parts pale brown, beneath ochraceous. .A. vociferans 729
FIG. CXXXIX. AOTUS RUFIPES.
681. rufipes (N yctipitliecus) , Sclat., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1872, p. 3. RUFOUS-FOOT SQUIRREL MONKEY.
Type locality. San Juan del Norte, Nicaragua.
Geogr. Distr. Nicaragua. Limits of range unknown.
Genl. Char. Colors pale; hands and feet rufous.
Color. Upper parts ashy tinged with rufous, under parts rufous; three black stripes on head, one from between eyes to forehead, and one on each side to above ears; hands and feet rufous; tail rufous at base, becoming blackish at tip.
Measurements. Total length, 685; tail, 405.
682. vociferans (Nyctipithecus), Spix, Sim. et Vespert. Bras., 1823,
p. 25, pi. 19. NOISY SQUIRREL MONKEY. Mico-dormilon in Colombia.
Type locality. Tabatinga, Upper Amazon, Brazil.
Geogr. Distr. Costa Rica, Central America, to Brazil.
Color. Space around eyes and nose naked, brown; a dark brown stripe from side of crown encircles the eyes; white band above eyes; a blackish brown spot on forehead; sides of neck black; upper parts pale brown; tail ferrugineous at base, grading into blackish on apical third; throat, breast, and abdomen ochraceous.
Measurements. Total length, 950; tail, 530.
730
SAIMIRI.
17O. Saimiri.
Saimiri Voigt, Cuvier's Thierreich, i, 1831, p. 95. Type Simia scinrea Linnaeus.
Chrysothrix Kaup, Thierr., i, 1835, p. 51, fig.
Occipital region of skull prolonged backward; orbits large, close together; canines large; tail non-prehensile, covered with hair.
FIG. 166. SAIMIRI OERSTEDI.
No. 10130 Coll. Mus. Comp. Zool. Nat. size
SAIMIRI.
683. oersted! (Chrysothrix), Reinh., Vidensk. Medd. Nat. For. Kjob.,
1872, p. 157, pi. in.
sciurea Sclat., Nat. Hist. Rev., 1861, p. 510. (nee Linn.) entomophaga Sclat., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1872, p. 3. (nee D'Orbigny.)
FIG. CXL SAIMIRI CERSTEDI
OERSTED'S TITI MONKEY. Titi, Cnistiti in Costa Rica.
Type locality. Cartago, Costa Rica.
Geogr. Distr. Guatemala to Panama, Central America.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. sciurea.
Color. Face, ears, neck, and breast white; muzzle and region round mouth lead color; top of head and occiput black; upper parts red, shading into golden yellow on the sides; shoulders and arms above elbow gray mottled with yellowish; lower arms, hands, and feet golden yellow; thighs greenish gray, as is also the tail for two- thirds its length, when it grades into black for the apical portion.
732
SAIMIRI.
CEBINJE.
ATELES.
The Spider Monkeys are remarkable for the length of their limbs, which causes them to be extremely awkward on the ground, and it is questionable, if in the wild state they often leave the trees upon which they live. The tail is prehensile and is a most valuable adjunct in their movements, serving as an extra hand, for it grasps as firmly as that member can any object within reach. Being long and very flexible, it is often employed to bring branches within reach of the hands, and it can easily sustain the entire weight of the animal. There is quite a number of species, very variable in coloring, distrib- uted from eastern Mexico to southern South America.
Subfam. III. Cebinae. 177. Ateles. Spicier Monkeys.
I.2"2; C.— ; P.— ; M 3~3 = 3 2
Ateles E. Geoff., Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vn, 1806, p. 262.
Type Simia paniscus Linnaeus. Body slender; limbs slender, long; pollex rudimentary or absent;
FIG. CXLI. ATELES VELLEROSUS.
FIELD COLUMBIAN MUSEUM.
PLATE LXVIII, ZOOLOGY.
ATELES VELLEROSUS.
Coll. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Y* nat. size
ATELES. 733
tail beneath distally, naked; fur not woolly; middle incisors long, broad; molars small, rounded.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Limbs and tail long, body slender.
a. Upper parts black. PAGE
a.' Under parts grayish white A. vellerosus 733
b.' Under parts rusty red A. geoffroyi 733
c.' Under parts deep fulvous A. rtifiventris 734
d.' Under parts white A. ater 734
b. Upper parts grizzled black and silvery gray,
under parts grayish 4. grisescens 734
684. vellerosus (Atclcs), Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, p. 733. fiiliginosns Schleg., Mus. Pays-Bas., in, 1876, p. 179. (nee
Kuhl.)
pan Schleg., Mus. Pays-Bas., in, 1876, p. 180. MEXICAN SPIDER MONKEY.
Type locality. Unknown.
Gcogr. Distr. Volcano of Orizaba, State of Vera Cruz, south to Guatemala, Central America.
Genl. Char. Those of the genus. Fur long, spreading.
Color. Head, limbs, hands, and feet exteriorly, and tail, black; loins and sides golden brown ; under parts grayish or yellowish white.
Measurements. Total length, 1310; tail vertebrae, 832; hind foot, 183. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 93; zygomatic width, 65; Hensel, 59; palatal length, 27; width of pterygoid fossa at hamular processes, 26; length of upper molar series, 23; length of mandible, 50; height at condyle, 38; length of lower molar series, 26.
685. geoffroyi (Ateles), Kuhl, Beit. Zool., 1820, p. 26. melanochir Desm., Mamm., 1820, p. 76.
frontatns Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ist Ser., x, 1842, p. 256.
hybridus Gray, Cat. Monkeys, etc., Brit. Mus., 1870, p. 43.
ornatus Gray, Cat. Monkeys, etc., Brit. Mus., 1870, p. 44.
albifrons Gray, Cat. Monkeys, etc., Brit. Mus., 1870, p. 44.
variegatus Frantzius, in Weigm., Arch. f. Naturg., xxxv, i, p.
257. (nee Wagn.) GEOFFROY'S SPIDER MONKEY. Mono Colorado in Costa Rica.
Type locality. Unknown. Type specimen in Museum of Paris.
Geogr. Distr. Nicaragua in Central America to Colombia, South America.
Color. Very variable. Light grayish drab; hands, feet, elbows, and knees black; face black, mouth flesh color; patch of erect black
734 ATELES.
hairs on forehead; tail tinged with buff on upper part. This is the A. mclanochir style. Darker style has the body above and below, back of thighs, and base of tail rusty red; hands, feet, tail, except base, arms, fore part of hind legs, and lower part of shoulder black; face black; whiskers buffy; top of head blackish, with a buff spot on forehead.
Measurements. Total length, 950; tail, 525.
686. rufiventris (Ateles), Sclat., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1872, p. 688, pi.
LVII, juv. FULVOUS-BELLIED SPIDER MONKEY.
Type locality. Colon. Atrato River, northern Colombia.
Geogr. Distr. Panama? into Colombia, South America.
Genl. Char. Hair rough, upstanding, projecting on forehead; no external thumbs.
Color. Face and muzzle flesh color; belly deep fulvous, rest of pelage black.
Measurements. The type was an immature individual.
687. ater (Ateles), F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. Mamm., 2d ed., in, 1823,
Livr. xxxix, p. 107, pi. 56. BLACK SPIDER MONKEY.
Type locality. Cayenne, French Guiana.
Geogr. Distr. Panama to eastern Peru.
Color. Black; upper part of back brownish, lower part and sides fulvous ; under parts and inner sides of limbs white ; tail black.
Measurements. Total length, 875 ; tail, 475.
688. grisescens (Ateles), Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, p. 732. GRIZZLED SPIDER MONKEY.
Type locality. Unknown. Type specimen in British Museum.
Geogr. Distr. Central America.
Genl. Char. Fur moderately long; no thumb.
Color. "Fur moderately long, black, with many silvery white hairs interspersed; tail black; under side grayish; hair of the fore- head moderately long." (Gray, 1. c.)
Top of head, nape, back of neck, fore part of shoulders, arms, hands, legs, and feet black; rest of body and limbs silvery gray mixed with black hairs; tail silvery gray mixed with black hairs like back, tip black; face black. (Specimen in Collection of Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York.)
Measurements. Total length, 1265; tail vertebrae, 775; hind feet, 170. (Mounted Specimen, A. M. N. H., N. Y.)
CEBUS.
178. Cebus.
735
Cebus Erxl., Syst. Regn. Anim., 1777, i, p. 44. Type — ?
Form rather robust, much stouter than that of the members of
FIG. 167. CEBUS HYPOLEUCUS.
No. 5520 Coll. Field Columbian Mus. Nat. size.
736
CEBUS.
Aides, and without the naked under part of the distal portion of the tail; the pollex is well developed; tail long, curled at tip; hair on face short ; whiskers present ; no crest ; canines large ; last molar in both jaws the smallest.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
A. Fore part of head and body white. PAGE
a. Female without elongated frontal tuft C. hypoleucus 736
b. Female with elongated frontal tuft C. imitator 737
689. hypoleucus (Simia), Humb., Recueil, Obs. Zool. Anat. Comp.,
i, 1811, p. 337. WHITE-THROATED CAPUCHIN. Mono carablanca.
Type locality. Rio Sinu, Bolivar, Colombia.
Geogr. Distr. Nicaragua to Colombia.
Gcnl. Char. Tail long, haired throughout, pollex present.
FIG. CXLII. CEBUS HYPOLEUCUS.
Color. Skin of face flesh color; forehead, cheeks, sides of head to behind ears, chin, throat, sides of neck, chest and shoulders, ex- tending down arms below elbow, white; rest of body, limbs, hands, feet, and tail glossy black.
Measurements. Total length, 1000; tail, 500; hind foot, 120 (skin). Skull: occipito-nasal length, 86.5; Hensel, 61; zygomatic
CEBUS. 737
width, 60; length of nasals, 16; palatal length, 30; length of upper molar series, 21; length of mandible, 51; height of condyle, 26; at coronoid process, 32; length of lower molar series, 26.
690. imitator (Ccbits), Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., yth Ser., XT,
i9°3> P- 376. ALLIED SAPAJOU.
Type locality. Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama. Altitude, 4,000 feet.
Genl. Char. Like C. hypolcucus, but the female with elongate frontal tufts.
Color. Like C. hypolcucus.
Measurements. Total length, 960; tail, 510; hind foot, 123. Skull : greatest length, 91; basal length, 64.5; length of upper cheek teeth, 22.3. (Thomas, 1. c.)
APPENDIX.
THE FOLLOWING DESCRIPTIONS WERE PUBLISHED TOO LATE
TO BE INCLUDED IN THEIR PROPER PLACES IN
THE BODY OF THE WORK.
Order vi. Rodentia,
Fam. I. Sciuridie.
Subfam. I. Sciurinse.
34. Sciurus.
F. Otosciurus.
79. a. — phceurus (Sciurus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1904,
p. 205. LA CIENAGA SQUIRREL.
Type locality. La Cienaga, State of Durango, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to S. durangi, but with a gray instead of a reddish back.
Color. Back gray, slightly suffused with reddish; sides of nose gray, sometimes tinged with buff; orbital ring soiled white; black lateral line; tail above and below grizzled gray, broadly fringed with white; ear at base externally pale reddish brown.
Measurements. Total length, 493; tail vertebrae, 222; hind foot, 69.
79bis. barberi (Sciurus), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1904, p. 207. BARBER'S SQUIRREL.
Type locality. Colonia Garcia, State of Chihuahua, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to 5. a. ph&urus, but with tail white beneath.
Color. Fall Pelage. Sides of nose and orbital ring soiled white; general color of upper parts gray; broad black lateral line; ventral surface white; upper surface of hands and feet white; tail above black and white mixed, and broadly fringed with white; beneath white except at base ; ears slightly rufous at base externally ; tufts black.
Measurements. Total length, 500; tail vertebras, 240; hind foot, 70.
35. Taniias. A. Eutamias.
97bis. canescens (Tamias), Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1904,
p. 208. GUANACEVI CHIPMUNK.
Type locality. Guanacevi, State of Durango, Mexico. Altitude, 8,000 feet.
Genl. Char. Like T. dorsalis, but with more strongly defined dorsal stripes and sides a deeper fulvous.
741
742 APPENDIX.
Color. Above gray, suffused with fulvous; median dorsal stripe from crown to base of tail black; lateral dorsal stripes short mixed fulvous, gray, and black; inner pair of light stripes ashy gray, outer whitish gray; sides pale rusty fulvous; tail above mixed gray and black, fringed with whitish gray, beneath in center and on anal region dark orange rufous; stripes on head and the ears, like T. dorsalis.
Measurements. Total length, 254; tail vertebrae, 114; hind foot, 35; ear from notch, 19.5. Skull: total length, 38; zygomatic width, 20.
Fam. III. Huridie.
Subfam. I. Murinee.
41. Oiiychomys.
125. c. — yakiensis (Onychomys),M.err., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvn, 1904, p. 124, June 9.
YAKI MOLE MOUSE.
Type locality. Camoa, Rio Mayo, State of Sonora, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Western part of State of Sonora, and northern part of State of Sinaloa.
Genl. Char. Similar to O. ramona, but slightly larger; dorsal area darker; molar teeth broader and heavier and palate usually with a median projection.
Measurements. Total length, 154; tail vertebras, 53 ; hind foot, 22.5.
125. d. — canus (Onychomys}, Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvn, 1904, p. 124, June 9.
HOARY MOLE MOUSE.
Type locality. San Juan Capistrano, State of Zacatecas, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. States of Zacatecas and San Luis Potosi.
Genl. Char. Similar to O. torridus, with longer tail and ears, and color drab gray or grayish clay color instead of fulvous.
Measurements. Total length, 152 ; tail vertebras, 55 ; hind foot, 22.
leucogaster albescens (Onychomys), Merr., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvii, 1904, p. 124, June 9.
SAMALAYUCA MOLE MOUSE.
Type locality. Samalayuca, State of Chihuahua, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to O. I. pallescens, but paler and with cheeks and thighs snowy white, and a smaller and weaker skull.
Color. Upper parts buffy, deepest on rump; face from nose to eyes whitish washed slightly with buff; cheeks, legs, and thighs snow white like under parts.
Measurements. Total length, 160; tail vertebrae, 60; hind foot, 23.
APPENDIX. 743
Fam. IX. Leporidie. 85. Lepus.
B. Silvilagus.
429a. insonus (Lepus), Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc Wash., xvn, 1904,
p. 103. OMILTEME RABBIT.
Type locality. Omilteme, State of 'Guerrero, Mexico.
Color. Spring pelage. Top of head and back dark ochraceous buffy, grizzled with black; cheeks and sides of rump and body grayer; sides of nose and about eyes buffy gray; nape rusty rufous; neck on sides and beneath dark buffy ; rest of under parts white, base of fur bluish ; under side of fore legs and tops of feet dingy white, front and sides of fore legs to shoulders tawny ochraceous ; front of hind legs and tops of feet dingy whitish, rest of hind legs like sides washed with tawny ochraceous; soles of feet dark smoke brown; tail above dark reddish brown, beneath dingy brownish buffy ; ears dark grizzled black- ish brown, darkest on anterior border and at tip.
Measurements. Total length, 430; tail vertebrae, 40; hind foot, 93 ; ear from notch (dried skin), 62. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 75; Hensel, 57; interorbital width, 17.5; parietal width, 26; length of nasals, 31.5 ; breadth of rostrum above front of base of premolar, 17 ; greatest diameter of bullae. 9.
floTidanus connectens (Leptis), Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. xvn, 1904,
p. 105. ALTA MIRA COTTONTAIL.
Type locality. Chichicaxtle, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Tropical parts of eastern Mexico from southern Tamaulipas throughout the coast lowlands of the Papaloapam River in central Vera Cruz and along east slope of the Cordillera of eastern San Luis Potosi, eastern Puebla, and eastern Oaxaca, and south to Mt. Zempoaltepec.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. floridanus, but larger and paler. Skull longer, narrower, bullae smaller, nasals longer, more slender.
Color. Winter pelage. Top of head and back grizzled creamy ochraceous buff, washed with blackish; sides of head, body, and rump grayer; nape bright cinnamon or light cinnamon rufous, orbital area white; neck on sides and beneath dull ochraceous buff; front of fore legs and outside of hind legs cinnamon rufous; back of fore legs and front of hind legs and tops of hind feet white suffused with buff on feet and toes; tail above reddish brown; ears brownish gray, darkest at tips and narrowly edged with white.
744 APPENDIX.
Measurements. Total length, 442; tail vertebrae, 63; hind foot, 97; ear from notch (dried skin), 63. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 76; Hensel, 57 ; interorbital width, 18 ; parietal width, 20; length of nasals, 35 ; width of nasals at base, 16; greatest diameter of bullae, 10.
floridanus chiapensis (Lepiis), Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
xvn, 1904, p. 106. CHIAPAS COTTONTAIL.
Type locality. San Cristobal, State of Chiapas, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Interior of State of Chiapas and Guatemala from not over 2,500 feet above sea level up to the summits of the highlands, at over 10,000 feet.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. -floridanus aztecus, but larger and slightly darker, with legs darker rufous. Skull larger; rostrum broader and more depressed at tip.
Color. Winter pelage. Top of head and back dark grizzled ochra- ceous buff washed with black; sides and rump grayer; nape rusty rufous ; front and sides of fore legs cinnamon rufous ; back and sides of hind legs reddish chestnut ; back of fore legs, front of hind legs, and tops of hind feet deep reddish buff ; under side of body deep yellowish buff ; the ventral surface sometimes white ; sides of head spotted with buff y white; tail above dark reddish brown, blackish at tip; ears externally blackish brown, inner border paler.
Measurements. Total length, 468 ; tail vertebras, 55 ; hind foot, 97 ; ear from notch (dried skin), 60. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 80; Hensel, 61 ; interorbital width, 18 ; parietal width, 26 ; length of nasals, 37 ; width of nasals, 17 ; depth of rostrum at front base of molars, 15 ; width of rostrum above same point, 19 ; greatest diameter of bullae, 10.
430a. pacificus (Leptts), Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvn, 1904,
p. 104. ACAPULCO COTTONTAIL.
Type locality. Acapulco, State of Guerrero, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Pacific coast region of State of Guerrero and ad- jacent section of State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. ver&cmcis, but paler and more buffy. Skull larger, heavier, especially the rostrum.
Color. Winter pelage. Upper parts, and sides of head and body dingy creamy buff grizzled with black, darkest on back ; front of fore legs and feet dingy buff ; sides of legs rusty buff ; line on front of hind leg and on top of foot white; neck on sides and beneath deep buff; rest of under parts white, with buffy line on inguinal region ; tail above rusty clay color; ears grizzled grayish brown on base darkening to narrow black tips.
APPENDIX. 745
Measurements. Total length, 505; tail vertebrae, 58; hind foot, 113; ear from notch (dried skin), 78. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 86 ; Hensel, 65 ; interorbital width, 19.5 ; parietal width, 26.5 ; length of nasals, 39 ; width of nasals at base, 16.5 ; width of nasals near tips, 13 ; width of rostrum above anterior base of molars, 19.5; greatest diam- eter of bullae, 1 1 .
436d. goldmani (Lepus), Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvn, 1904,
p. 107. SINALOA COTTONTAIL.
Type locality. Culiacan, State of Sinaloa, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Southern part of the State of Sonora to central part of the State of Sinaloa.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. arizonce, but darker; bullse smaller.
Color. Winter pelage. Upper parts creamy ochraceous buff, grizzled and washed with black ; sides of head and body paler, pinkish buff; small iron gray area on rump; nape rusty rufous; neck on sides and beneath pinkish buff; rest of under parts white; front and sides of fore legs rusty ochraceous buff ; back of fore legs white ; sides and back of lower part of hind legs and feet rusty rufous ; white line on front of hind legs and feet; tail above dark brown grizzled with buff; ears ex- teriorly grizzled grayish; interiorly dingy gray, tips bordered with black.
Measurements. Total length, 388; tail vertebras, 56; hind foot, 87; ear from notch (dried skin), 66. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 66; Hensel, 52; interorbital breadth, 17; parietal width, 24; length of nasals, 27; greatest diameter of bullae, n.
£. Macrotolagus.
448a. altamirse (Lepus), Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvn, 1904,
p. 109. ALTA MIRA JACK RABBIT.
Type locality. Alta Mira, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Coast plains in southern part of the State of Ta- maulipas, extreme northern part of State of Vera Cruz and eastern part of State of San Luis Potosi.
Genl. Char. Similar to L. merriami, but nape patch divided by median yellowish band. Skull larger and heavier, rostrum longer.
Color. Spring pelage. Top of head grizzled grayish buff; back grizzled creamy buff mottled with black; sides of body paler buff grizzled with grayish ; thighs and sides of rump pale iron gray ; sides of head and sides of under part of neck bright buff; nape black divided by median buff band ; top of fore feet and legs dingy buff ; top of hind
746 APPENDIX.
feet white; tail above black, this color extending in narrow line on rump; beneath grayish white; ear blackish at base, grayish white on middle, pure white on terminal portion; border on basal half buffy; remainder white to near tip, which is buffy.
Measurements. Total length, 655; tail vertebrae, 96; hind foot, 137; ear from notch (dried skin), 112. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 99; basal length, 77 ; length of nasals, 44; greatest interorbital width, 24; parietal breadth, 32; depth of rostrum at front base of premolar, 26 ; width above same point, 26 ; greatest diameter of bullae, 12.
451a. festinus (Lcpits), Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xvn, 1904,
p. 108. HIDALGO JACK RABBIT.
Type locality. Irolo, State of Hidalgo, Mexico.
Geogr. Distr. Southeastern part of Mexican tableland in southern and eastern parts of State of Queretaro, throughout most of the State of Hidalgo, extreme northern part of State of Mexico, and Valley of Mexico, State of Tlaxcala and adjacent northern part of State of Puebla.
Genl. Char. Nearly related to L. asellus, ears longer; no black patch on nape.
Color. Top of head dingy grizzled buff; back buffy tinged with dull reddish brown mottled and grizzled with black; sides of body paler and grayer; thighs and rump iron gray divided on rump by black line; sides of head and neck dull buff; neck beneath dark buff; nape grizzled grayish ; chin and under parts white ; top of fore legs grizzled dingy buff ; top of hind feet dingy white ; toes grayish; tail above black, beneath dingy gray; lower half of ears grizzled yellowish gray and fringed with yellowish white hairs; terminal portion white with black patch on tip, and edge dusky.
Measurements. Total length, 575; tail vertebrae, 78; hind foot, 126; ear from notch (dried skin), 138. Skull: occipito-nasal length, 96.5 ; basal length, 74; length of nasals, 43 ; greatest interorbital width, 26.5; parietal breadth, 31; greatest diameter of bullae, 14; width of rostrum above front base of premolars. 25.
Order XII. Chiroptera,
Fam. V. Phyllostomatidfe.
Subfam. I. Mormopinse.
137. Cliilonycteris.
602. n. — inflfita (chilonycteris) Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil., 1904, p. 190.
macleayi Gundl., Anales Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat., vn, 1878, Cuad.
i, p. 140. (nee Gray.) INFLATED-NOSE BAT.
Type locality. Cueva di Fan, near Pueblo Viejo, Porto Rico.
Geogr. Distr. Restricted to the Island of Porto Rico.
Genl. Char. Rostrum short, broad; braincase high; zygomata expanded.
Color. Rufous phase : above dark cinnamon ; beneath wood brown ; base of fur mummy brown. Brown phase: above bistre; nape and sides of neck silvery white; beneath drab, with base of fur bistre, becoming wood brown on chin and throat and whitish on the ab- domen; membranes blackish.
Measurements. Total length, 63; tail, 18; forearm, 38.5; thumb, 7; third digit, 63.5; tibia, 16.5; calcaneum, 18; foot, 8.5; ear, 12.5; tragus, 4.8. Skull: total length, 15.3; interorbital width, 3.5; height of braincase, 6.4; length of palate, 6; length of mandible, n.
602. b. — gi-isea (chilonycteris) Gosse, Nat. Sojourn in Jamaica, 1851, p. 326, pi. vi, fig. i.
quadridens Tomes, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1861, p. 65. (nee Gundl.) GRAY BAT.
Type locality. Phoenix Park, St. Ann Parish, Jamaica.
Geogr. Distr. Island of Jamaica.
Genl. Char. Similar to C. macleayi, but with a deep emargination separating the tooth-like projections on margin of nostrils.
Color. Rufous phase: above ferrugineous ; beneath chestnut, palest on the chin; ears vinaceous cinnamon, pale drab apically; wing membranes mummy brown. Brown phase: above bistre, sprinkled with silvery white; beneath clove brown.
Measurements. Total length, 66.5-74; tail, 22-25; forearm, 43-44.5; thumb, 7.8; third digit, 72.5-75; tibia, 16-17; calcaneum, 20-26; foot, 9.5-10; ear, 14-16.3; tragus, 5-6.5. Skull: total length, 16.8-17; zygomatic width, 8-8. i; interorbital constriction, 3.5; pal- atal length, 7; length of mandible, 11.9-12.1.
747
748 APPENDIX
602. c. — fuliginosa, (chilonycteris) Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, P- 20-
macleayi Peters, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1872, p. 360. (Part.) Dobson, Cat. Chirop. Brit. Mus., 1878, p. 449. (Part.) DUSKY BAT.
Type locality. Port au Prince, Haiti.
Geogr. Distr. Island of Haiti.
Genl. Char. Smallest in size of the genus.
Color. Above cinnamon rufous; beneath seal brown; wing mem- branes Prout's brown; ears wood brown.
Measurements. Total length, 56.2; tail, 17-20; forearm, 35-40; thumb, 6-7; third digit, 58.5-68; tibia, 14.5-16; calcaneum, 14-16; foot, 8-9; ear, 13.2-14; tragus, 4.5. Skull: total length, 14-14.3; zygomatic width, 7.2; interorbital constriction, 3; height of brain- case, 6; palatal length, 6-6.2; width of palate and teeth, 5-5.2; length of mandible, 10-11.
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
VOL. IV, PART II.
PAGE.
abrasus. (Dysopes) 623
abrasus. (Promops) 621, 623
achradophilum. (Artibcus) 707
achradophilum. (Sternoderma^
705.707
acuticaudatus. (Molossus) 620
Adelonycteris 586
Adelonycteris gaumeri 590
aedipus. (Midas) 724
aegypticus. (Nyctinomus) 628
.-Eorestes 571
affinis. (Mustela) 534
affinis. (Myotis) 580
affinis. (Putorius) 531, 532, 534
alba. (Ectophylla) 709, 710
albescens. (Felis) 447
albescens. (Myotis) 581
albescens. (Onychomys b.) 742
albescens. (Sturnira) 715
albescens. (Vespertilio) 573
albifrons. (Ateles) 733
albigularis. (Vespertilio) 587, 590
albigularis. (Vesperus) 590
albipes. (Bassariscus) 484, 486
albomaculatum. (Phyllostoma) . . 708
albus. (Declidurus) 614, 615
albus. (Molossus) 619
alecto. (Molossus) 619
allamandi. (Galictis) 526
allamandi. (Orison) 52 ;, 526
alleni. (Rhogoessa) 60 1, 602
Alopex 465
Alouatta 726
Alouatta palliata 726, 727, 728
Alouatta p. coibensis 726, 727
Alouatta p. mexicana 726, 727
Alouatta villosa 726
Alouattinae 725
alticola. (Blarina) 557, 561, 562
altimirae. (Lepus) 745
ambigua. (Spilogale) 519, 521
amblyotis (Phyllostoma) 658
amblyotis. (Tonatia) 658, 659
PAGE. amplexicaudata. (Glossophaga) . . 672
angustifrons. (Spilogale) 519, 521
angustirostris. (Macrorhinus) . . . 545 angustirostris. (Mirounga) . . . 545, 546
annectens. (Lutra) 535, 536
annulatus. (Bassariscus) 484, 487
annulatus. (Paradoxurus) 487
Anotus. 549, 556
anthonyi. (Scapanus) 564, 565
Anthropoidea 723
antillarum. (Glossophaga) ...671,672
antillularum. (Nyctinomus) 629
Antrozoinae 605
Antrozous 605
Antrozous minor 605, 607
Antrozous pallidus 605, 606, 607
Antrozous p. pacificus 605, 607
Anura 681
Anura ecaudata 682
Anura geoffroyi 68 1 . 682
Anura lasiopyga 682
Aotinae 728
Aotus 728
Aotus azarae 728
Aotus rufipes 729
Aotus vociferans 729
apache. (Felis) 454
apache. (Felis e.) 445, 453
aphylla. (Rhithronycteris) ... 687, 688
apus. (Pipistrellus h.) 582, 583
araneus. (Sorex) 549
Arctocephalus 543
Arctocephalus townsendi 544
Arctogale 528, 529, 530
Arctophoca 543
arctus. (Ursus) 479
Ariteus 704
arizonae (Spilogale) 521, 522
arquatus. (Vespertilio) 587
Artibeus .... 691, 697, 699, 704, 707, 712
Artibeus achradophilum 707
Artibeus carpolegus 693, 694
Artibeus coryi 692, 693
749
751)
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
Artibcus eva 693, 697
Artibeus falcatus 707, 708
Artibeus fallax 695
Artibeus glaucus 696
Artibeus intermedius 693. 694
Artibeus jamaicensis
691, 692, 693, 694, 700
Artibeus leucomus 712
Artibeus obscurus 695
Artibeus parvipes 693, 694
Artibeus perspicillatum 695
Artibeus planirostris 693, 695, 696
Artibeus watsoni 693, 696
astuta. (Bassaris) 482, 484
astutus. (Bassariscus)
483,484,485,486
Atalapha 591
Atalapha b. mexicanus 594
Atalapha b. pfeifferi 593
Atalapha b. teliotis 593
Ateles 732,736
Ateles albifrons 733
Ateles ater ... 733,734
Ateles frontatus 733
Ateles fuliginosus 733
Ateles geoffroyi 733
Ateles grisescens 733, 734
Ateles hybridus 733
Ateles melanochir 733, 734
Ateles ornatus 733
Ateles pan 733
Ateles rufiventris 733, 734
Ateles variegatus 733
Ateles vellerosus 732, 733
ater. (Ateles) 733, 734
Atophyrax 548
aurispinosis. (Nyctinomops) .... 627
aurita. (Lonchorina) 649, 650
auritus. (Chrotopterus) . . 656, 657, 658
auritus. (Nyctinomops) 627
auritus. (Vampyrus) .... 656, 657, 658 australis. (Pipistrellus h.) 582, 583, 584
austroriparius. (Myotis) 580
azarag. (Aotus) 728
aztecum. (Hemiderma) 669
aztecus. (Felis h.) 454, 455
aztecus. (Molossus) 620
aztecus. (Potos f.) 499, 500
bahamensis. (Nyctinomus) . . 629, 630 bahamensis. (Vespertilio f.) . . 587, 588
PAGE.
baileyi. (Felis r.) 456, 457, 459
baileyi. (Lynx r.) 459
Balantiopteryx 61 1
Balantiopteryx infusca 612
Balantiopteryx plicata 611,612
bangsi. (Felis) 456
barbara. (Grison) 524, 525
barberi. (Sciurus) 741
barbatus. (Nyctiellus) 634
Bassaricyon 487
Bassaricyon gabbi 487, 488, 489
Bassaris 483
Bassaris astuta 482, 484
Bassariscus 482
Bassariscus albipes 484, 486
Bassariscus annulatus 484, 487
Bassariscus astutus . . 483. 484, 485, 486
Bassariscus a. flavus 484, 485
Bassariscus a. raptor 486
Bassariscus monticola 487
Bassariscus saxicola 484, 485
Bassariscus sumichrasti 487
Bassariscus s. notinus 484, 485
Bassariscus variabilis 487
belzebul. (Simia) 726
bennetti. (Mimon) 667
berlandieri. (Blarina b.) .556, 557, 558 berlandieri. (Taxidea t.). . 503, 504, 505
bernardinus. (Eptesicus f.) 589
bernardinus. (Vespertilio f.) .587,589
bicolor. (Hemiderma) 669
bicolor. (Spilogale) 523
bidens. (Vampyrus) . . 658, 660
bilabiatum. (Phyllostoma) 712
bilabiatum. (Pygoderma) . . . . 712, 713
bilineata. (Saccopteryx) 610
bilineatus. (Urocryptus) 610
bilobatum. (Uroderma) 697
biologise. (Galictis b.) 524
biologiae. (Grison b.) 524
blainvillii. (Mormops) ...646,647,649
Blaria 556
Blarina 547,555
Blarina alticola 557, 561, 562
Blarina b. berlandieri .... 556, 557, 558
Blarina cinerea 559
Blarina fossor 557, 562
Blarina magna 557, 562
Blarina mayensis 557, 561
Blarina mexicana
557- 559.56o,56i, 562
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
751
PAGE.
Blarina m. goldmani 557, 560
Blarina m. machetes 557, 561
Blarina m. peregrina 557, 560
Blarina micrura 558, 559
Blarina nelsoni 557, 561
Blarina nigrescens 556, 558
Blarina obscura 557, 559
Blarina oreophila 557, 559
Blarina parva 558
Blarina pergracilis 556, 557, 558
Blarina soricina 557, 560
Blarina tropicalis 557, 559, 560
blossevillii. (Lasiurus b.) 593
bocourtianus. (Macrotus) 654
bocourtianus. (Otopterus)
652,653,654 bombifrons. (Phyllonycteris) . . 684, 685
boothi. (Chilonycteris)
640, 641, 642, 643
borealis. (Lasiurus) 592, 593, 594
borealis. (Vespertilio) 591, 592
brachyotum. (Hemiderma) 669
Brachyotus 571
Brachyphylla 688
Brachyphylla cavernarum 688. 689, 6go
Brachyphylla nana 68q, 690, 691
Brachysorex 555
brasiliensis. (Felis) 449
brasiliensis. (Nyctinomus) 630
brevicaudum. (Hemiderma) .... 669 brevicaudum. (Phyllostoma) .667, 668
brevicaudus. (Sorex) 555
brevimanus. (Chilonatalis) .. . 635,636
bullata. (Nasua n.) 495, 497, 498
bulleri. (Macrotus) 654
bulleri. (Otopterus) 652, 654
caecus. (Nyctinomops) 627
cacomitli. (Felis j.) 445, 451, 452
cagottis. (Canis) . . . 465, 466, 468, 469
calcaratum. (Hemiderma) 669
californiana. (Otaria) 530
californianus. (Zalophus) .... 539, 540
californica. (Felis r.) 456, 458
californica. (Lynx r.) 458
californicus. (Macrotus) 653
californicus. (Myotis)
• 572- 576- 577.578,579 californicus. (Otopterus) 652,653,654
californicus. (Scapanus) 565
californicus. (Urocyon c.) . . . . 475,477
PAGE.
californicus. (Vespertilio) 578
Callitrichidae 723
Calocephalus 541
canadensis. (Lutra) 536
canaster. (Galictis) 526
canaster. (Grison).. .524, 526, 527, 528 cancrivorus. (Procyon) ..490,492,493
cancrivorus. (Ursus) 492
canescens. (Tamias) 741
Canidie 463, 464
canina. (Peropteryx) 613, 614
Canina? 464
caninus. (Vespertilio) 613, 614
Canis 464
Canis cagottis 465, 466, 468, 469
Canis cinereo-argenteus 474
Canis clepticus 465, 467
Canis estor 465, 469, 470
Canis familiaris 464
Canis impavidus 465, 468
Canis latrans 470
Canis lestes 465
Canis mearnsi 465, 468, 470
Canis mexicanus 465, 470, 471
Canis microdon 465, 469
Canis ochropus 465, 466, 469
Canis peninsula; 465, 466, 467
Canis vigilis 465, 467
Canis vulpes 471
canus. (Onychomys t.) 742
Carnivora 441. 478
carolii. (Myotis^ 580
carolinensis. (Vespertilio) 587
Carollia 667
Carollia castaneum 670
carpolegus. (Artibeus) 693, 694
carrikeri. (Felis) 445, 448
castaneum. (Carollia) 670
castaneum. (Hemiderma) . . . .668, 670
Cateorus 586
catus. (Felis) 443
caudatus. (Centetes) 565
caudatus. (Sorex) 553
caudifer. (Glossophaga) 672
caudivolvula. (Viverra) 499
cavernarum. (Brachyphylla) ....
688,689,690
Cebida? 725
Cebinae 732
Cebus . . 725.73S
Cebus hypoleucus 735, 736, 737
752
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
Cebus imitator 736, 737
Centetes caudatus 565
Centetidae 565
centralis. (Diphylla) 720, 721
centralis. (Felis o.) 444, 446
Centronycteris 610
Centurio 691, 716
Centurio flavogularis 717
Centurio macmurtri 717
Centurio mexicanus 717
Centurio minor 717
Centurio senex 716, 717
Centurioninae 716
Cercoleptes 499
Cervaria 443
chati. (Felis) 449
chiapensis. (Lepus f.) 744
chilense. (Sturnira) 715
Chilonatalis 635
Chilonatalis brevimanus 635, 636
Chilonatalis micropus . . . .635, 636, 637
Chilonatalis tumidifrons 635, 637
Chilonycteris 639, 644
Chilonycteris boothi . . 640, 641 , 642, 643
Chilonycteris d. fulvus 646
Chilonycteris fuliginosa 641
Chilonycteris grisea 641
Chilonycteris macleayi . . .639, 640, 641
Chilonycteris m. fuliginosa 748
Chilonycteris m. grisea 747
Chilonycteris m. inflata 747
Chilonycteris mexicana 641, 644
Chilonycteris osburni 642
Chilonycteris parnelli 640, 642
Chilonycteris personata 640, 641
Chilonycteris portoricensis . . . .641, 643
Chilonycteris psilotis 640, 642
Chilonycteris quadridens 641
Chilonycteris rubiginosa . . 641 , 643, 644
Chincha ' 507
chiriquensis. (Myotis) 572, 576
chiriquensis. (Potos f.) 499, 501
Chiroderma 710
Chiroderma salvini 710,711, 712
Chiroderma villosum 710
Chiroptera 569
Chceronycteris 670, 673, 683
Chceronycteris godmani 673, 674
Chceronycteris mexicana 673, 674
Chceronycteris minor 673, 674
Chceronycteris peruana 682
PAGE.
Chrotopterus 656
Chrotopterus auritus 656, 657, 658
chrysocoma. (Sturnira) 715
chrysonotis. (Myotis) 574
Chrysothrix 730
Chrysothrix cerstedi 731
ciliolabrum. (Myotis c.) 580
cinerea. (Blarina) 559
cinereo-argenteus. (Canis) 474
cinereo-argenteus. (Urocyon) 477, 478
cinereum. (Dermanura) 699, 700
cinereus. (Desmodus) 718
cinereus. (Lasiurus) 592, 594, 595
cinereus. (Vespertilio) 595
cinnamomea. (Lobostoma b.) . . . 649 cinnamomea. (Mormops b.) ..647,649 cinnamomeus. (Pipistrellus) .582,585
cirrhosus. (Trachyops) 664, 665
cirrhosus. (Vampyrus) 664, 665
clepticus. (Canis) 465, 467
clinedaphus. (Monophyllus) ..676,678
Cnephaeus 585
coibensis. (Alouatta p.) 726, 727
Comastes 571
concinna. (Myotis) 575
concolor. (Mephitis) 512
Conepatus 512
Conepatus filipensis 514, 517
Conepatus humboldti 512
Conepatus leuconotus 514, 515
Conepatus 1. texensis 514, 515
Conepatus mapurito 516
Conepatus mesoleucus .... 514, 515, 516 Conepatus m. mearnsi .. . .513, 514, 516
Conepatus pediculus 514, 517
Conepatus sonoriensis 514
Conepatus tropicalis 514, 51 7, 518
connectens. (Lepus f.) 743
convexum. (Uroderma) 697, 698
Corsira tropicalis 559
coryi. (Artibeus) 692, 693
Corynorhinus 602, 603
Corynorhinus macrotis . . .603, 604, 605 Corynorhinus m. pallescens . . .603, 604 Corynorhinus m. townsendi . . .603, 604
costaricensis. (Felis) 448
costaricensis. (Felis b.) 456
crawfordi. (Notiosorex) 554» 555
crawfordi. (Sorex) 554
crepuscularis. (Nycticeius) 598
Cryptotis 556, 557
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
753
PAGE.
cubanus. (Monophyllus) 676, 678
cubanus. (Nycticeius h.) .... 598, 599
cubanus. (Solenodon) 566, 567
cubensis. (Scotophilus f.) 588
cubensis. (Vespertilio f.) 587, 588
Cynailurus jubatus 441
Cynomyanax — see Cynomyonax . . 530 Cystophorirue 545
Danis 479
Dasypterus 595
Dasypterus ega 597
Dasypterus e. panamensis . . . .595, 597 Dasypterus e. xanthinus .. 595, 596, 597
Dasypterus intermedius 595, 596
davyi. (Dermonotus) ...644,645,646
davyi. (Pteronotus) 644
Declidurus 614
Declidurus albus 614, 615
Declidurus freyreissii 615
Declidurus virgo 615
depressus. (Nyctinomops) . . . 625, 627
depressus. (Nyctinomus) 627
Dermanura 699
Dermanura cinereum 699, 700
Dermanura eva 697
Dermanura phaeotis 699
Dermanura quadrivittatum 701
Dermonotus . 644
Dermonotus davyi 644, 645, 646
Dermonotus d. fulvus 646
Desmodontinae 718
Desmodus 718
Desmodus cinereus 718
Desmodus d'orbignyi 718
Desmodus f uscus 719
Desmodus murinus 719
Desmodus rotundus 7J8, 719
Desmodus rufus 718, 719
Dinops 628
Diphylla 720
Diphylla centralis 720, 721
Diphylla ecaudata 720, 721
discifera. (Hyonycteris) 637
discifera. (Thyroptera) 637, 638
dominicensis. (Myotis) 572, 576
d'orbignyi. (Desmodus) 718
dorsatus. (Noctilio) 617
durangae. (Myotis c.) 572, 579
dutertreus. (Vespertilio) 588
Dysopes 619, 628
PAGE.
Dysopes abrasus 623
Dysopes glaucinus 624
Dysopes gracilis 626
ecaudata. (Anura) 682
ecaudata. (Diphylla) 720, 721
ecaudatus. (Rhinolophus) 718
Ectophylla 709
Ectophylla alba 709, 710
ega. (Dasypterus) 597
elegans. (Felis) 449
elongata. (Micronycteris) 662
Emballonuridae 608
Emballonurinae 608
Enhydra 537
Enhydris 537
entomophaga. (Saimiri) 731
Eptesicus 585
Eptesicus f. bernardinus 589
eremica. (Felis r.) 456, 458
eremica. (Lynx r.) 458
Erignathus 541
erythromos. (Sturnira) 715
escuinapa?. (Felis r.) 456
estor. (Canis) 465, 469, 470
estor. (Mephitis) 507, 509
Euarctos 479, 481
Euotaria 543
Euprocyon 490, 492
europs. (Nyctinomops) 626
eva. (Artibeus) 693, 697
eva. (Dermanura) 697
evotis. (Myotis) 572, 574, 575. 579, 580
evotis. (Myotis a.) 572
evotis. (Notiosorex c.) 554, 555
evotis. (Sorex c.) 555
evotis. (Vespertilio) 574
excisum. (Sturnira) 715
exilis. (Myotis) 578
eyra. (Felis) . . 445, 453
falcatum. (Phyllops) 708
falcatus. (Artibeus) 707, 708
fallax. (Artibeus) 695
familiaris. (Canis) 464
Felidae 442
felipensis. (Conepatus) 514, 517
Felis 443
Felis albescens 447
Felis apache 454
Felis bangsi 456
754
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
Felis bangsi costaricensis 456
Felis brasiliensis 449
Felis carrikeri 445, 448
Felis catus 443
Felis chati 449
Felis concolor oregonensis 454
Felis costaricensis 448
Felis elegans 449
Felis eyra. . . . 445.453
Felis e. apache 445, 453
Felis fossata 445, 453
Felis geoffroyi 450
Felis glaucula 445, 450
Felis hippolestes 454
Felis h. aztecus 454, 455
Felis jaguarondi 444, 445, 451, 452
Felis j. cacomitli 445, 451. 452
Felis j. tolteca 445, 452
Felis limitis 447, 448
Felis macroura 449
Felis mitis 449
Felis olympus 454
Felis onca 445, 446
Felis o. centralis 444, 446
Felis o. goldmani 444, 447
Felis o. hernandezi 444, 446, 447
Felis panamensis 445, 452
Felis pardalis 445, 447, 448
Felis p. mearnsi 445, 448
Felis pardinoides 450
Felis p. oncilla 445, 450
Felis peninsularis 456, 460
Felis rufa 460
Felis r. baileyi 456, 457, 459
Felis r. californica 456, 458
Felis r. eremica 456, 458
Felis r. escuinapa? 456
Felis r. maculata 458
Felis r. texensis 456, 458
Felis tigrina ... ..445,449,450
femorosaccus. (Nyctinomus) .625,626
ferox. (Promops) 624
festinus. (Lepus) 746
flavescens. (Sternoderma) 707
flavogularis. (Centurio) 717
flavus. (Bassariscus a.) 484, 485
flavus. (Potos) 500, 501
fossata. (Felis) 445, 453
fossor. (Blarina) 557, 562
frantzii. (Lasiurus) 594
fraterculus. (Urocyon c.).474, 475, 476
PAGE.
frenata. (Mustela) 532
frenatus. (Putorius)
53°, S31- 532, 533- 534
freyreissii. (Declidurus) 615
frontatus. (Ateles) 733
fuliginosa. (Chilonycteris) 641
fuliginosa. (Chilonycteris m.) .... 748
fuliginosus. (Ateles) 733
fuliginosus. (Molossus) 620
fuliginosus. (Trachyops) 664, 665
fulvus. (Chilonycteris d.) 646
fulvus. (Dermonotus d.) 646
fumarius. (Molossus) 620
fumarius. (Promops) 621
funebris. (Lasiurus) 593
fuscus. (Desmodus) 719
fuscus. (Vespertilio))
..586,587,588,589,590
gabbi. (Bassaricyon) ....487,488,489
Gale 530
Galemys 556
Galeopithecus 547
Galera 524
Galictis 524, 526
Galictis allamandi 526
Galictis b. biologias 524
Galictis b. senex 525
Galictis canaster 526
Galidictis 524
gaumeri. (Adelonycteris) 590
gaumeri. (Vespertilio) 587, 590
geoffroyi. (Anura) 68 1, 682
geoffroyi. (Ateles) 733
geoffroyi. (Felis) 450
geoffroyi. (Hapale) 724
geoffroyi. (Midas) 723, 724
geronimensis. (Phoca r.) 542
gigas. (Notiosorex) 554, 555
gillespii. (Otaria) 539
gillespii. (Zalophus) 539
glaucinus. (Dysopes) 624
glaucinus. (Promops)
621, 622, 623, 624
glaucula. (Felis) 445 450
glaucus. (Artibeus) 696
Glossonycteris 681
Glossonycteris lasiopyga 682
Glossophaga 670, 675, 683, 684
Glossophaga amplexicaudata 672
Glossophaga caudifer 672
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
755
PAGE.
Glossophaga leachii 672
Glossophaga mutica 671
Glossophago nigra 672
Glossophaga soricina 671, 672, 683
Glossophaga s. antillarum 671, 672
Glossophaga? 670, 673, 6gi
Glossophaginae 670
G'y phony cteris 663
Glyphonycteris sylvestris 663, 664
godmani. (Choeronycteris) . . .673,674
godmani. (Sorex) 550, 552
goldmani. (Blarina m.) 557, 560
goldmani. (Felis o.^ 444, 447
goldmani. (Lepus) 745
goldmani. (Putorius f.) 531, 533
gracilis. (Dysopes) 626
gracilis. (Latax) 537
gracilis. (Nyctinomops) 625, 626
gracilis. (Rhogoessa) 60 T, 602
gracilis. (Spilogale) 521
grayi. (Hemiderma) 669
greenii. (Vespertilio) 587
grisea. (Chilonycteris) 641
grisea. (Chilonycteris m.) 747
grisescens. (A teles) 733. 734
Grison 524
Grison allamandi 524, 526
Grison barbara 524, 525
Grison b. biologia? 524
Grison b. senex 524
Grison canaster 524, 526, 527, 528
Grison vittata 526
Grisonia 524
guatemalae. (Urocyon c.) 475
Gypsophoca 543
Haematonycteris 720
Halarctus 543
Haliphilus 541
Hapale geoffroyi 724
hastatum. (Phyllostoma)
.' 665,666,667
hastatus. (Vespertilio) 666
Heliophoca 542
helleri. (Vampyrops) .. . .701, 702, 703
Hemiderma 639, 667, 684
Hemiderma aztecum 669
Hemiderma bicolor 669
Hemiderma brachyotum 669
Hemiderma brev icaudum 669
Hemiderma calcaratum 669
PAGE.
Hemiderma castaneum 668, 670
Hemiderma grayi 669
Hemiderma lanceolatum 669
Hemiderma minor 669
Hemiderma perspicillatum
664,668,670
Hemiderma soricinus 669
Hemiderma verrucatum 669
henshawi. (Myotis) 578
hernandezi. (Felis) 446, 447
hernandezi. (Felis o.) 444, 446
hernandezi. (Procyon 1.) .490,491,497
Herpailurus 443
Herpestes 461
Herpestes mungo 462, 463
Herpestina? 461
hesperus. (Pipistrellus) ..582,583,584
hesperus. (Scotophilus) 582
hippolestcs. (Felis) 454
hirsutus. (Micronycteris) 660,661,662
hirsutus. (Schizostoma) 66 1
Histiophorus (see Istiophorus) .... 664
Histiops 704
holosericeus. (Molossus) 619
holzneri. (Mephitis o.) 507, 508
horriaeus. (Ursus) . . 479, 480
humboldti. (Conepatus) 512
humeralis. (Nycticeius) 598
humeralis. (Nycticejus) 599
humeralis. (Vespertilio) 597. 598
hybridus. (Ateles) 733
Hylonycteris 675
Hylonycteris undenvoodi 675
Hyonycteris 637
Hyonycteris discifcra 637
hypoleucus (Cebus) 735, 736, 737
hypoleucus. (Simia) 736
Hypsugo .582
ichneumon. (Viverra) 461
Icticyon venaticus 464
Ictis 529
Ictonyx! 512
imitator. (Cebus) 736, 737
impavidus. (Canis) 465, 468
inflata. (Chilonycteris m.) 747
infusca. (Balantiopteryx) 612
infusca. (Saccopteryx) 612
infusca. (Taxidea t.) 503, 505
Insectivora 547
insonus. (Lepus) 743
756
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
insularis. (Procyon 1.) 490, 492
intermedius. (Artibeus) .. ..693,694 intermedius. (Dasypterus) ... 595,596
intermedius. (Lasiurus) 595
interrupta. (Mephitis) 519, 523
interrupta. (Spilogale)
. 519, 520, 522 523
Ischnoglossa 679
Ischnoglossa nivalis 679
Isotus 571
Jstiophorus! 664
jaguarondi. (Felis) ..444,445,451,452
Jaguirius 443
jaliscensis. (Myotis c.) 572, 579
jamaicensis. (Artibeus)
691, 692, 693, 694, 700
jamaicensis (Sternoderma) 707
jubatus. (Cynailurus) 441
labradoria. (Meles) 503
Laira 524
lanceolatum. (Hemiderma) 669
lasiopyga. (Anura) 682
lasiopyga. (Glossonycteris) 682
Lasiurus 591
Lasiurus borealis 592, 593, 594
Lasiurus b. blossevillii 593
Lasiurus b. mexicanus 591, 594
Lasiurus b. pfeifferi 591, 593
Lasiurus b. teliotis 591, 593, 594
Lasiurus cinereus 592, 594, 595
Lasiurus frantzii 594
Lasiurus funebris 593
Lasiurus intermedius 595
Lasiurus monachus 593
Lasiurus noveboracensis 592
Lasiurus noveboraciis 593
Lasiurus pruinosus 595
Lasiurus rubellus 593
Lasiurus rubra 593
Lasiurus rufus 593
Lasiurus tesselatus 593
lasiurus. (Lasiurus) 592
Latax 537
Latax gracilis 537
Latax lutris 537
Latax marina 537
Latax orientals 537
Latax stelleri 537
Lataxia 535
PAGE.
Lataxina 535
laticaudatus. (Nyctinomops) .... 627
latrans. (Canis) 470
leachii. (Glossophaga) 672
leonina. (Phoca) 545
Leopardus 443, 444
lepidus. (Nyctiellus) 634
lepidus. (Vespertilio) 634
leporinus. (Noctilio) 617
leporinus. (Vespertilio) 617
Leptonycteris 673, 679
Leptonycteris nivalis 679, 680, 68 1
lepturus. (Vespertilio) 610
Lepus altamirae 745
Lepus goldmani 745
Lepus festinus 746
Lepus f. chiapensis 744
Lepus f. connectens 743
Lepus insonus 743
Lepus pacificus 744
lestes. (Canis) 465
leuconotus. (Conepatus) 514,515
leuconotus. (Mephitis) 515
Leucocyon 465, 471
Leucomitra 507, 509
leucomus. (Artibeus) 712
leucoparia. (Putorius f.) 531, 534
leucopleura. (Promops) 623
Lichonycteris 683
Lichonycteris obscurus 683
lilium. (Phyllostoma) 714, 715
lilium. (Sturnira) 714, 715
limitis. (Felis) 447, 448
lineata. (Rhynchonycteris) 609
lineatum. (Phyllostoma) . . . .701, 702
lineatus. (Vampyrops)
7°i, 702, 703, 704
Linx .! 443
littoralis. (Urocyon c.) 475
Lobostoma 639
Lobostoma b. cinnamomea 649
Lonchorina 649
Lonchorina aurita 649, 650
longicaudatus. (Molossus) 620
longicrus. (Myotis 1.) 572, 581
longimanus. (Promops) 623
Lophostoma 658
Lotor 490
lotor. (Procyon) 489, 491, 492
lotor. (Ursus) 490
lucasana. (Spilogale) 519, 523
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
757
PAGE.
luciae. (Monophyllus) 676, 678
luciae. (Sternoderma) 705, 706
lucifugus. (Myotis) 572, 580, 581
lucifugus. (Vespertilio) 580
Lupus 464
Lutra 535. 537
Lutra annectens 535, 536
Lutra canadensis 536
Lutra c. sonora 535, 536
Lutra marina 537
lutra. (Mustela) 535
Lutreola 530
Lutrinae 535
lutris. (Latax) 537
lutris. (Mustela) 537
Lycaon pictus 464
Lyciscus 465
Lynchaelurus 443
Lynchus 443
Lynx .443
Lynx r. baileyi 459
Lynx r. californica 458
Lynx r. eremica 458
machetes. (Blarina m.) 557, 561
machetes. (Ursus) 479, 481
macleayi. (Chilonycteris).639, 640, 641
macmurtri. (Centurio) 717
macrodon. (Sorex) 550, 552
Macrorhinus 545
Macrorhinus angustirostris 545
macrotis. (Corynorhinus)
603, 604, 605
macrotis. (Nyctinomops) 625,627,629
macrotis. (Nyctinomus) 627
macrotis. (Plecotus) 603
macrotis. (Vulpes) 472, 473
Macrotus 652
Macro tus bocourtianus 654
Macrotus bulleri 654
Macrotus californicus 653
Macrotus mexicanus 653
Macrotus waterhousii 652
macroura. (Felis) 449
macrura. (Mephitis) 507,510,511,512
macrurum. (Nyctiellus) 634
maculata. (Felis r.) 458
Madatasus 691
magna. (Blarina) 557, 562
major. (Natalis s.) 632, 633
mapurito. (Conepatus) 516
PAGE.
Margay -443
Marikina 724
marina. (Latax) 537
marina. (Lutra) 537
Marputius 513, 517
Marsipolaemus 586, 590
martirensis. (Spilogale a.) .. .519, 521
mastivus. (Noctilio 1.) 616, 619
mastivus. (Vespertilio 1.) 617
maxima. (Phyllostoma) 666
mayensis. (Blarina) 557, 561
maynardi. (Procyon) 490
mearnsi. (Canis) 465, 468, 470
mearnsi. (Conepatus m.) 513, 514, 516
mearnsi. (Felis p.) 445, 448
Megachiroptera 569
megalophylla. (Mormops)
646, 647, 648, 649
megalotis. (Micronycteris)
661 , 662, 663
megalotis. (Phyllophora) 660, 662
melanochir. (Ateles) 733, 734
melanops. (Vespertilio) 587
melanorhinus. (Myotis) 578
Meles labradoria 503
Melinae 503
Mephitinae 502, 507
Mephitis 507, 512, 513, 517
Mephitis concolor 512
Mephitis interrupta 519, 523
Mephitis leuconotus 515
Mephitis macrura .... 507, 510, 511, 512
Mephitis m. milleri 507, 511
Mephitis m. vittata 507, 512
Mephitis mesoleucus 515
Mephitis estor 507, 509
Mephitis occidentalis 509
Mephitis o. holzneri 507, 508
merriami. (Pipistrellus) 582
mesoleucus. (Conepatus) 514,515,516
mesoleucus. (Mephitis) 515
Meteorus 586
mexicana. (Alouatta p.) 726, 727
mexicana. (Blarina)
••557.559.560,561,562 mexicana. (Chilonycteris) ...641,644 mexicana. (Chceronycteris) .673,674
mexicanus. (Atalapha b.) 594
mexicanus. (Canis) 465, 470, 471
mexicanus. (Centurio) 717
mexicanus. (Lasiurus b.) ....591,594
758
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
mexicanus. (Macrotus) 653
mexicanus. (Micronycteris m.) . .
661, 662
mexicanus. (Myotis c.) 572, 579
mexicanus. (Natalis) 632, 633
mexicanus. (Nyctinomus) ...628,629
mexicanus. (Otopterus) 652, 653
mexicanus. (Trachyops) 665
mexicanus. (Vespertilio c.) 579
Microchiroptera 569
microdon. (Canis) 465, 469
microdon. (Pygoderma) 712
Micronycteris 660
Micronycteris elongata 662
Micronycteris hirsutus .... 660, 661, 662 Micronycteris megalotis . .661, 662, 663 Micronycteris m. mexicanus . . .661, 662
Micronycteris microtis 66 1, 663
Micronycteris minutus 663
Micronycteris scrobiculatus 662
micropus. (Chilonatalis) .635,636,637
micropus. (Natalis) 635
microtis. (Micronycteris) . . . .661, 663
micrura. (Blarina) 558, 559
Midas 723
Midas aedipus 724
Midas geoffroyi 723, 724
midas. (Simia) 723
milleri. (Mephitis m.) 507, 511
milleri. (Myotis) 572, 575
Mimon bennetti 667
minor. (Antrozous) 605, 607
minor. (Centurio) 717
minor. (Chosronycteris) 673, 674
minor. (Hemiderma) 669
minutus. (Micronycteris) 663-
minutus. (Nyctinomus) 629, 630
miradorensis. (Scotophilus f .).... 588 miradorensis. (Vespertilio f .) ....
587,588,590
Mirounga 545
Mirounga angustirostris 545, 546
mitis. (Felis) 449
mohavensis. (Nyctinomus) 629
molaris. (Nasua n.) 494, 497
Molossidae 618
Molossus 618
Molossus acuticaudatus 620
Molossus albus 619
Molossus alecto 619
Molossus aztecus . .620
PAGE.
Molossus fuliginosus 620
Molossus fumarius 620
Molossus holosericeus 619
Molossus longicaudatus 620
Molossus nasutus 621
Molossus nigricans 619, 620
Molossus olivaceo-fuscus 620
Molossus rufus 618, 619, 620
Molossus r. obscurus 619, 620
Molossus tropidorhynchus ... .619, 620
Molossus ursinus 619
Molossus velox 620
Monachus 542
monachus. (Lasiurus) 593
monachus. (Phoca) 542
Monachus tropicalis 543
Monophyllus 675
Monophyllus clinedaphus 676, 678
Monophyllus cubanus 676, 678
Monophyllus lucias 676, 678
Monophyllus plethodon . . .676, 677, 678 Monophyllus portoricensis . . . .676, 677 Monophyllus redmani 675, 676, 678, 679
monticola. (Bassariscus) 487
montserratense. (Sternoderma) . .
• 704,705, 7°6
Mormopinae 639
Mormops 646
Mormops blainvillii 646, 647, 649
Mormops b. cinnamome'a 647, 649
Mormops megalophylla
646, 647,648, 649
Mormops m. senicula 646, 648
Morunga 545
mungo. (Herpestes) 462, 463
mungo. (Viverra) 462
murinus. (Desmodus) 719
murinus. (Vespertilio) 570, 585
musculus. (Nyctinomus) ....629,630
Mustela affinis 534
Mustela frenatus 532
Mustela lutra 535
Mustela lutris 537
Mustela putorius 529
Mustelidae 502
mutabilis. (Sorex s.) 550, 553
mutica. (Glossophaga) 671
Mycetes 726
Mycetes palliatus 726
Mycetes villosus 726
Myotis ! 570
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
759
PAGE.
Myotis affinis 580
Myotis albescens 581
Myotis a. evotis 572
Myotis a. velifer 572
Myotis austroriparius 580
Myotis californicus
572, 576,577.578,579
Myotis c. ciliolabrum 580
Myotis c. durangas 572, 579
Myotis c. jaliscensis 572,579
Myotis c. mexicanus 5 7 2. 579
Myotis c. pallidus 572, 579
Myotis carolii 580
Myotis chiriquensis 572, 576
Myotis chrysonotis 574
Myotis concinna 575
Myotis dominicensis 572, 576
Myotis evotis . . . 572, 574, 575, 579, 580
Myotis exilis 578
Myotis henshawi 578
Myotis lucifugus 572, 580, 581
Myotis 1. longicrus 572, 581
Myotis melanorhinus 578
Myotis milleri 572, 575
Myotis nigricans 571, 572, 575, 576, 578
Myotis nitidus 578
Myotis obscurus 578
Myotis oregonensis 578
Myotis orinomus 572, 577
Myotis peninsularis 571, 573
Myotis subulatus 572, 580
Myotis tenuidorsalis 578
Myotis thysanodes 571, 572, 573
Myotis velifer. ... 571- 573. 574
Myotis vivesi 572, 574
Myotis volans 578
Myotis yumanensis . .572, 576, 577, 578
Myotis y. saturatus 572>577
myotis. (Vespertilio) 570
nana. (Brachyphylla) ...689,690,691
Natalidae 631
Natalis 631,634
Natalis mexicanus 632 ,633
Natalis micropus 635
Natalis splendidus 632
Natalis stramineus 631, 632, 633
Natalis s. major 632, 633
Nannugo 582
nanus. (Promops) 621, 624
Nasica 497
PAGE.
nasica. (Nasua) . . . .494, 495, 496, 497 naso. (Rhynchonycteris) ....608,609
naso. (Vespertilio) 608
Nasua 494
Nasua nasica 494, 495, 496, 497
Nasua n. bullata 495, 497, 498
Nasua n. molaris 494, 497
Nasua n. pallida 495, 498
Nasua n. panamensis 495, 498
Nasua n. yucatanica 495, 498
Nasua nelsoni 494, 495
Nasua thersites 496
nasua. (Viverra) 494
nasutus. (Molossus) 621
nasutus. (Promops) 621, 622
neglecta. (Taxidea t.) 505
nelsoni. (Blarina) 557, 561
nelsoni. (Nasua) 494, 495
Neocyon 465
Neogale 530
neomexicanus. (Putorius f .) . .531, 533
Neophoca 539
Neosorex 548
nevadensis. (Nyctinomus m.). .. 627
nichollsi. (Sternoderma) 704, 706
Nicon 670
nigra. (Glossophaga) 672
nigrescens. (Blarina) 556, 558
nigricans. (Molossus) 619, 620
nigricans. (Myotis)
571- 572, 575, 576,578
nitidus. (Myotis) 578
nivalis. (Ischnoglossa) 679
nivalis. (Leptonycteris) .679,680,681
nivea. (Procyon) 491
Noctifelis 443
Noctilio 581, 617
Noctilio dorsatus 617
Noctilio leporinus 617
Noctilio 1. mastivus 616, 617
Noctilionidae 581, 608
Noctilionina? 617
Noctula 585
notinus. (Bassariscus s.) 484, 485
Notiosorex 547, 554
Notiosorex crawfordi 554, 555
Notiosorex c. evotis 554, 555
Notiosorex gigas 554, 555
noveboracensis. (Lasiurus) 592
noveboracus. (Lasiurus) 593
Nycticeius 597
700
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
Nycticeius crepuscularis 598
Nycticejus 597
Nycticeius humeralis 598, 599
Nycticejus humeralis 598
Nycticeius h. cubanus 598, 599
Nyctiellus 634
Nyctiellus barbatus 634
Nyctiellus lepidus 634
Nyctiellus macrurus 634
Nyctinomops 625
Nyctinomops aurispinosis 627
Nyctinomops auritus 627
Nyctinomops caecus 627
Nyctinomops depressus 625, 627
Nyctinomops europs 626
Nyctinomops femorosaccus . . .625, 626
Nyctinomops gracilis 625, 626
Nyctinomops laticaudatus 627
Nyctinomops macrotis . . .625, 627, 629
Nyctinomops yucatanicus 625, 626
Nyctinomus m. nevadensis 627
Nyctinomus 625, 628, 629
Nyctinomus aggypticus 628
Nyctinomus antillularum 629
Nyctinomus bahamensis 629, 630
Nyctinomus brasiliensis 630
Nyctinomus depressus 627
Nyctinomus femorosaccus . . . .625, 626
Nyctinomus macrotis 627
Nyctinomus mexicanus 628 629
Nyctinomus minutus 629, 630
Nyctinomus mohavensis 629
Nyctinomus musculus 629, 630
Nyctinomus orthotis 623
Nyctipithecus 728
Nyctipithecus rufipes 729
Nyctipithecus vociferans 729
Nyctiplanus 714
Nystactes 570
obscura. (Blarina) 557, 559
obscurus. (Artibeus) 695
obscurus. (Lichonycteris) 683
obscurus. (Molossus r.) 619, 620
obscurus. (Myotis) 578
obscurus. (Sorex) 550
occidentalis. (Mephitis) 509
ochropus. (Canis) 465, 466, 469
cerstedi. (Chrysothrix) 731
oerstedi. (Saimiri) 730, 731
olivaceo-fuscus. (Molossus) 620
PAGE.
olympus. (Felis) 454
onca. (Felis) 445, 446
Oncifelis 443
oncilla. (Felis p.) 445, 450
Onychomys 1. albescens 742
Onychomys t canus 742
Onychomys t. yakiensis 742
oporaphilum. (Sturnira) 715
oregonensis. (Felis c.) 454
oregonensis. (Myotis) 578
oreophila. (Blarina) 557, 559
oreopolus. (Sorex) 549, 550
orientalis. (Latax) 537
orinomus. (Myotis) 572, 577
orinus. (Sorex) 549, 550, 553
orizabae. (Sorex) 549, 550
ornatus. (Ateles) 733
orthotis. (Nyctinomus) 623
orthotis. (Promops) 621, 623
Oryctogale 513, 514
osburni (Chilonycteris) 642
Otaria californiana 539
Otaria gillespii 539
Otariidas 538
Otopterus 651
Otopterus bocourtianus . . .652, 653, 654
Otopterus bulleri 652, 654
Otopterus calif ornicus . . . .652, 653, 654
Otopterus mexicanus 652, 653
Otopterus waterhousii
651,652,653, 654
Otus 451
Otus asio 451
Ozolictis 513
pacificus. (Antrozous p.) . . . .605, 607
pacificus. (Lepus) 744
Pagomys 541
Pagophilus. . ... 541
pallescens. (Corynorhinus m.) . . .
603, 604
palliata. (Alouatta) 726, 727, 728
palliatus. (Mycetes) 726
pallida. (Nasua n.) 495, 498
pallidus. (Antrozous) . . .605, 606, 607
pallidus. (Myotis c.) 572, 579
pallidus. (Vespertilio) 605
pan. (Ateles) 733
panamensis. (Dasypterus e.) .595,597
panamensis. (Felis) 445, 452
panamensis. (Nasua n.) 495. 498
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
761
PAGE.
paniscus. (Simia) 732
Paradoxurus annulatus 487
paradoxus. (Solenodon) 567. 568
pardalis. (Felis) . ..443,445,447,448
pardinoides. (Felis) 450
parnelli. (Chilonycteris) 640, 642
parnelli. (Phyllodia) 642
parva. (Blarina) 558
parvidens. (Urocyon c.) 475, 476
parvipes. (Artibeus) 693, 694
parvula. (Rhogoessa) 601, 602
pediculus. (Conepatus) 514, 517
Pelagios 542
Pelagocyon 542
Peltorhinus 704, 707
peninsulae. (Canis) 465, 466, 467
peninsulae. (Vespertilio f.) ...587,589
peninsularis. (Felis) 456, 460
peninsularis. (Myotis) 571, 573
perdus. (Putorius t.) 531
peregrina. (Blarina m.) 557, 560
pergracilis. (Blarina) .... 556, 557, 558
Peropteryx 613
Peropteryx canina 613, 614
personata. (Chilonycteris) ...640,641
perspicillatum. (Artibeus) 695
perspicillatum. (Hemiderma) . . .
664,668,670
peruana. (Choeronycteris) 682
pfeifferi. (Atalpha b.) 593
pfeifferi. (Lasiurus b.) 591, 593
pha?otis. (Dermanura) 699
phaiops (Vespertilio) 587
Phoca 541
Phoca leonina 545
Phoca monachus 542
Phoca proboscidea 545
Phoca richardi 541, 542
Phoca r. geronimensis 542
Phoca tropicalis 543
Phoca ursina 543
Phoca vitulina 541
Phocidae 541
Phyllodia 639
Phyllodia parnelli 642
Phyllonycteris 684
Phyllonycteris bombifrons 684, 685
Phyllonycteris planifrons 684. 685
Phyllonycteris poeyi 684, 685. 686
Phyllonycteris sezekorni 685. 686
Phyllophora 670
PAGE.
Phyllophora megalotis 660, 662
Phyllops 707
Phyllops falcatum 708
Phyllostoma 665, 666
Phyllostoma albomaculatum 708
Phyllostoma amblyotis 658
Phyllostoma bilabiatum 712
Phyllostoma brevicaudum . . . .667. 668 Phyllostoma hastatum . . . 665, 666, 667
Phyllostoma lilium 714, 715
Phyllostoma lineatum 701, 702
Phyllostoma maximum 666
Phyllostoma planirostris 695
Phyllostoma rotundum 718
Phyllostomatidae 639
Phyllostomatinae 649
pictus. (Lycaon) 464
Pinnipedia 538
Pipistrellus 581
Pipistrellus cinnamomeus 582, 585
Pipistrellus hesperus 582, 583, 584
Pipistrellus h. apus 582, 583
Pipistrellus h. australis . . . 582, 583, 584
Pipistrellus merriami 582
Pipistrellus subflavus 584
Pipistrellus vagans 582, 584
Pipistrellus veraecrucis 582, 584
pipistrellus. (Vespertilio) 581
planifrons. (Phyllonycteris) ..684,685 planirostris. (Artibeus) ..693,695.696
planirostris. (Phyllostoma) 695
Plecotinse 603
Plecotus 602, 603
Plecotus macrotis 603
Plecotus m. townsendi 604
plethodon (Monophyllus) 676, 677, 678 plicata. (Balantiopteryx) ....611,612 poeyi. (Phyllonycteris) . . . 684, 685, 686 portoricensis. (Chilonycteris) .641,643 portoricensis. (Monophyllus). 676,677
Potomogale velox 547
Potos 499
Potos flavus 500, 501
Potos £. aztecus 499, 500
Potos f. chiriquensis 499. 501
Primates 723
proboscidae. (Phoca) 545
Procyon 489, 490
Procyon cancrivorus 490, 492, 493
Procyon lotor 489, 491, 492
Procyon 1. hernandezi . . . .490, 491, 497
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
Procyon 1. insularis 49°, 492
Procyon maynardi 490
Procyon nivea 491
Procyon psora 491
Procyon pygmaeus 490
Procyonidae 482
Procyoninae 482
Promops 621,625
Promops abrasus 621, 623
Promops ferox 624
Promops glaucinus ... 621, 622, 623, 624
Promops fumarius 621
Promops leucopleura 623
Promops longimanus 623
Promops nanus 621, 624
Promops nasutus 621, 622
Promops orthotis 621, 623
Promops ursinus 621
propinquus. (Vespertilio f.) ..587,589
propinquus. (Vesperugo f.) 589
pruinosus. (Lasiurus) 595
psilotis. (Chilonycteris) 640, 642
psora. (Procyon) 491
Pteroderma 691
Pteronotus 644
Pteronotus davyi 644
Puma 443
Pusa 537, 541
Putorius 528, 529
Putorius affinis S31- S32. 534
Putorius frenatus
53°. 53i-532,533. 534
Putorius f. goldmani 531, 533
Putorius f. leucoparia 531, 534
Putorius f. neomexicanus 531, 533
Putorius rixosus 530
Putorius tropicalis 53i| S32
Putorius t: perdus 531
putorius. (Mustela) 529
pygmaea. (Spilogale) 519
pygmaeus. (Procyon) 490
Pygoderma 712
Pygoderma bilabiatum 712, 713
Pygoderma microdon 712
quadridens. (Chilonycteris) 641
quadrivittatum. (Dermanura) . . 701 quaterlinearis. (Spilogale) 523
raptor. (Bassariscus a.) . 486
redmani. (Monophyllus)
675, 676, 678, 679
PAGE
Rhinolophus ecaudatus 718
Rhinophoca 545
Rhinozolis 513
Rhithronycteris 687
Rhithronycteris aphylla 687, 688
Rhogoessa 600
Rhogoessa alleni 60 1 , 602
Rhogoessa gracilis 60 1 , 602
Rhogoessa parvula 601, 602
Rhogoessa tumida 600, 60 1
Rhynchonycteris 608
Rhynchonycteris lineata 609
Rhynchonycteris naso 608, 609
Rhynchonycteris rivalis 609
Rhynchonycteris saxatilis 609
richardi. (Phoca) 541, 542
Rigoon 542
rivalis. (Rhynchonycteris) 609
rixosus. (Putorius) 530
rotundatum (Sturnira) 715
rotundum. (Phyllostoma") .... 718
rotundus. (Desmodus) 7*8, 719
rubiginosa. (Chilonycteris)
. .641,643,644
rubra. (Lasiurus) 593
rufa. (Felis) 460
rufipes. (Aotus) 729
rufipes. (Nyctipithecus) 729
rufiventris. (Ateles) 733, 734
rufum. (Sternoderma) 704
rufus. (Desmodus) 718, 719
rufus. (Lasiurus) 593
rufus. (Molossus) 618, 619, 620
Saccopteryx 610
Saccopteryx bilineata 610
Saccopteryx inf usca 612
Saimiri 730
Saimiri entomophaga 731
Saimiri cerstedi 730, 731
Saimiri sciurea 731
salvini. (Chiroderma) . . .710, 711, 712
salvini. (Sorex) 549, 551
saturatus. (Myotis y.) 572.577
saussurii. (Sorex) 550, 551, 553
saxatilis. (Rhynchonycteris) 609
saxicola. (Bassariscus) 484, 485
Scalops townsendi 564
Scapanus 564
Scapanus anthonyi 564, 565
Scapanus calif ornicus 565
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
763
PAGE.
Schizostoma 660
Schizostoma hirsutus 66 1
sciurea. (Saimiri) 731
sciurea. (Simla) 730
Sciurus barberi 741
Sciurus phaeurus 741
sclateri. (Sorex) 550, 552
Scotophilus f. cubensis 588
Scotophilus f. miradorensis 588
Scotophilus hesperus 582
scotti. (Urocyon c.) 475, 477
scrobiculatus. (Micronycteris) ... 662
Selysius 570
senex. (Centurio) 716, 717
senex. (Galictis b.) 525
senex. (Grisonia b.) 524
senicula. (Mormops m.) 646, 648
Seniocebus 724
sezekorni. (Phyllonycteris) ..685,686
Simia belzebul 726
Simia hypoleucus 736
Simia midas 723
Simia paniscus 732
Simia sciurea 730
Simia trivirgata 728
Solenodon 567
Solenodon cubanus 566, 567
Solenodon paradoxus 567, 568
Solenodontida? 548, 565, 566
sonora. (Lutra c.) 535, 536
sonoriensis. (Conepatus) 514
Sorex . 547- 549
Sorex araneus 549
Sorex brevicaudus 555
Sorex caudatus 552, 553
Sorex crawfordi 554
Sorex c. evotis 555
Sorex godmani 550, 552
Sorex macrodon 550, 552
Sorex obscurus 550
Sorex o. ventralis 549, 550, 551
Sorex oreopolus 549, 550
Sorex orinus 549, 550, 553
Sorex orizabae 549, 550
Sorex salvini 549, 551
Sorex saussurii 550, 551, 553
Sorex s. mutabilis 550, 553
Sorex sclateri 550, 552
Sorex stizodon 550, 551, 552
Sorex talpoides 555
Sorex vagrans 553
PAGE.
Sorex veraepacis 550, 551
Soricidae 547, 548
soricina. (Blarina) 557, 560
soricina. (Glossophaga) . .671, 672, 683
Soricinae 548
soricinus. (Hemiderma) 669
soricinus. (Vespertilio) 670, 672
Soriciscus 556
Spectrellum 63 1
spectrum. (Sturnira) 714, 71 5
spectrum. (Vampyrus) 655, 656
spectrum. (Vespertilio) 655, 656
spiculatum. (Sturnira) 715
Spilogale 519
Spilogale ambigua 519, 521
Spilogale angustifrons 519, 521
Spilogale a. martirensis 519, 521
Spilogale a. tropicalis 519, 521
Spilogale arizonae 521,522
Spilogale bicolor 523
Spilogale gracilis 521
Spilogale interrupta .. 519, 520, 522, 523
Spilogale lucasana 519, 523
Spilogale pygmaea 519
Spilogale quaterlinearis 523
splendidus. (Natalis) 632
stelleri. (Latax) 537
Stemmatopus 541
Sternoderma 704, 705
Stern oderma achradophilum . .705, 707
Sturnira ery thromos 715
Sternoderma flavescens 707
Sternoderma jamaicensis 707
Sternoderma luciae 705, 706
Sternoderma montserratense
• 7°4, 7<>5, 7°6
Sternoderma nichollsi 704, 706
Sternoderma rufum 704
Sternoderma sulphureum 707
Sternoderma tolteca 699
Sternodermatae 691
Sternodermatinae 691
stizodon. (Sorex) 550, 551, 552
stramineus. (Natalis) ...631,632,633
Sturnira 714
Sturnira albescens 715
Sturnira chilense 715
Sturnira chrysocoma 715
Sturnira erythromos 715
Sturnira excisum 715
Sturnira lilium 714. 715
764
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
Sturnira oporaphilum 715
Sturnira rotundatum 715
Sturnira spectrum 714, 715
Sturnira spiculatum 715
subflavus. (Pipistrellus) 584
subulatus. (Myotis) 572, 580
subulatus. (Vespertilio) 580
sulphureum. (Sternoderma) 707
sumichrasti. (Bassariscus) 487
sylvestris. (Glyphonycteris) ..663,664 Synotus 603
Talpidae 548, 563
Talpinaa 564
talpoides. (Sorex) 555
Talposorex 556
Tamias canescens 741
Taphozous 612
Taxidea 503
Taxidea t. berlandieri .... 503, 504, 505
Taxidea t. infusca 503, 505
Taxidea t. neglecta 505
Taxidea t. typica 506
Tayra 524
teliotis. (Atalapha b.) 593
teliotis. (Lasiurus b.) ...591,593,594
tenuidorsalis. (Myotis) 578
tesselatus. (Lasiurus) 593
texensis. (Conepatus 1.) 514, 515
texensis. (Felis r.) 456, 458
texensis. (Urocyon c.) 475, 478
Thalarctos 479
Thalassarctos 479
thersites. (Nasua) 496
Thiosmus 513
Thyroptera 637
Thyroptera discifera 637, 638
Thyroptera tricolor 637
thysanodes. (Myotis) . . .571, 572, 573
tigrina. (Felis) 445, 449, 450
tolteca. (Felis j.) 445, 452
tolteca. (Sternoderma) 699
Tonatia 658
Tonatia amblyotis 658, 659
townsendi. (Arctocephalus) .... 544 townsendi. (Corynorhinusm.) 603,604
townsendi. (Plecotus m.) 604
townsendi. (Seal ops) 564
Trachyops 664
Trachyops cirrhosus 664. 665
Trachyops fuliginosus 664, 665
PAGE.
Trachyops mexicanus 665
Trichocoryes 716
tricolor. (Thyroptera) 637
trivirgata. (Simia) 728
tropicalis. (Blarina) 557, 559, 560
tropicalis. (Conepatus) ..514, 517, 518
tropicalis. (Corsica) 559
tropicalis. (Monachus) 543
tropicalis. (Phoca) 543
tropicalis. (Putorius) 531, 532
tropicalis. (Spilogale a.) 519, 521
tropidorhynchus. (Molossus) .619,620 tumida. (Rhogoessa) .. . .600,601,602 tumidifrons. (Chilonatalis) ...635,637
Tupaiidae 547
typica. (Taxidae t.) 506
underwoodi. (Hylonycteris) 675
Urocryptus 610
Urocryptus bilineata 610
Urocyon 471, 474
Urocyon cinereo-argenteus .. . .477,478
Urocyon c. californicus 475, 477
Urocyon c. fraterculus. . . .474, 475, 476
Urocyon c. guatemalae 475
Urocyon c. littoralis 475
Urocyon c. parvidens 475. 4?6
Urocyon c. scotti 475, 477
Urocyon c. texensis 475, 478
Uroderma 697
Uroderma bilobatum 697
Uroderma convexum 697, 698
Ursidae 479
ursina. (Phoca) 543
Ursinae 479
ursinus. (Molossus) 619
ursinus. (Promops) 621
ursinus. (Vespertilio) 587
Ursus 479
Ursus arctus 479
Ursus cancrivorous 492
Ursus horriagus 479, 480
Ursus lotor 490
Ursus machetes 479, 481
vagans. (Pipistrellus) 582, 584
vagans. (Vesperugo) 584
vagrans. (Sorex) 553
Vampyrella 660
Vampyressa 701
Vampyriscus 701
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
765
PAC;E.
Vampyrodes 701
Vampyrops 701, 710
Vampyrops helleri 701, 702, 703
Vampyrops lineatus . . 701, 702, 703, 704
Vampyrops vittatus 701, 703, 704
Vampyrus 655, 660, 665
Vampyrus auritus 656, 657, 658
Vampyrus bidens 658, 660
Vampyrus cirrhosus 664, 665
Vampyrus spectrum 655, 656
variabilis. (Bassariscus) 487
variegatus. (Ateles^ 733
velifer. (Myotis) 571, 573, 574
velifer. (Myotis a.) 572
velifer. (Vespertilio) 573
vellerosus. (A teles) 732, 733
velox. (Molossus) 620
velox. (Potomogale) 547
venaticus. (Icticyon) 464
ventralis. (Sorex o.) ... .549, 550, 551 veraecrucis. (Pipistrellus) . . . .582, 584
veraecrucis. (Vesperugo) 584
veraspacis. (Sorex) 550, 551
verrucatum. (Hemiderma) 669
Vespertilio 570, 585
Vespertilio albescens 573
Vespertilio albigularis 587, 590
Vespertilio arquatus 587
Vespertilio borealis 591, 592
Vespertilio calif ornicus 578
Vespertilio c. mexicanus 579
Vespertilio caninus 613, 614
Vespertilio carolinensis 587
Vespertilio cinereus 595
Vespertilio dutertreus 588
Vespertilio evotis 574
Vespertilio fuscus
586,587,588,589,590
Vespertilio f. bahamensis 587, 588
Vespertilio f, bernardinus 587, 588
Vespertilio f. cubensis 587, 588
Vespertilio f. miradorensis
587- 588, 59°
Vespertilio f. peninsulae 587, 589
Vespertilio f. propinquus 587, 589
Vespertilio gaumeri 587, 590
Vespertilio greenii 587
Vespertilio hastatus 666
Vespertilio humeralis 597, 598
Vespertilio lepidus 634
Vespertilio leporinus 617
PAGE.
Vespertilio 1. mastivus 617
Vespertilio lepturus 610
Vespertilio lucifugus 580
Vespertilio melanops 587
Vespertilio murinus 570, 585
Vespertilio myotis . 570
Vespertilio naso 608
Vespertilio pallidus 605
Vespertilio phaiops 587
Vespertilio pispistrellus 581
Vespertilio soricinus 670, 672
Vespertilio spectrum 655, 656
Vespertilio subulatus 580
Vespertilio ursinus 587
Vespertilio velifer 573
Vespertilio yumanensis 576
Vespertilionidae 569, 570
Vespertilioninae 570
Vesperugo 585
Vesperugo f. propinquus 589
Vesperugo vagans 584
Vesperugo veraecrucis 584
Vesperus 586
Vesperus albigularis 590
vigilis. (Canis) 465, 467
villosa. (Alouatta) 726
villosum. (Chiroderma) 710
villosus. (Mycetes) 726
virgo. (Declidurus) 615
Vison 530
vittata. (Grison) 526
vittata. (Mephitis m.) 507, 512
vittata. (Viverra) 524
vittatus. (Vampyrops) . .701, 703, 704
vitulina. (Phoca) 541
Viverra caudivolvula 499
Viverra ichneumon 461
Viverra mungo 462
Viverra nasua 494
Viverra vittata 524
Viverridae 460
vivesi. (Myotis) 572, 574
vociferans. (Aotus) 729
vociferans. (Nyctipithecus) 729
volans. (Myotis) 578
Vulpes 471
vulpes. (Canis) 471
Vulpes macrotis 472, 473
Wagneria 483
watsoni. (Artibeus) 693, 696
76(5
INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE. waterhousii ^Otopterus) 65 1 , 652, 653, 654
waterhousii. (Macrotus) 652
xanthinus. (Dasypterus e.)
• -595. 596, 597
yakiensis. (Onychomys t.) 742
yucatanica. (Nasua n.) 495, 498
PAGE.
yucatanicus. (Nyctinomops) .625,626 yumanensis. (Myotis) 572, 576, 577, 578 yumanensis. (Vespertilio) 576
Zalophus 539
Zalophus californianus 539, 540
Zalophus gillespii - 539
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
VOL. IV, PART II.
PAGE.
Acapulco Cottontail 744
Agouta 548, 568
Alaskan Brown Bear 478
Allamand's Orison 526
Allied Bat 584
Allied Brown Bat 589
Allied Sapajou 737
Allied Weasel 534
Almiqui 548, 567
Alta Mira Cottontail 743
Alta Mira Jack Rabbit 745
American Shrews 548, 555
Anthony's Mole 565
Antilles Bat 672
Antique Bat 648
Apache . . .453,491
Arctic Weasel 528
Aztec Kinkajou 500
Badger 502
Badger, Berlandier's 504, 505
Badger, Lower California 505
Badgers 502, 503
Bahama Bat, Flat-forehead 685
Bahama Brown Bat 588
Bahaman Free-tailed Bat 630
Bailey's Lynx 459
Barbadoes Nose-leaf Bat 677
Barber's Squirrel 741
Bat 655
Bat. Allied 584
Bat, Allied Brown 589
Bat, Antilles 672
Bat, Antique 648
Bat, Bahama Brown 588
Bat, Bahaman Free-tailed 630
Bat, Barbadoes Nose-leaf 677
Bat, Bayamon 685
Bat, Big-eared 604, 648
Bat, Big-eared Pale 605
Bat, Blackish Mastiff 620
Bat, Bocourt's Large-eared 654
Bat, Booth's 642
Bat, Boquete Tailless 721
PAGE.
Bat, Brown 587
Bat, Buller's Large-eared 654
Bat, California Large-eared 653
Bat. California Red 549
Bat, Cardonal Island 574
Bat. Cavern Nose-leaf 689
Bat, Chestnut-colored 670
Bat, Chestnut Mastiff 624
Bat, Chiriqui 576
Bat, Cinereous 700
Bat, Cinnamon 585, 649
Bat, Colon 697
Bat, Cory's 693
Bat, Cuban Brown 588
Bat, Cuban Free- tailed 627
Bat, Cuban Nose-leaf 678
Bat, Dark Brown 643
Bat, Dark-eared 699
Bat, Dark Yuma 577
Bat, Davy's 644
Bat, De Blainville's 649
Bat, Disk-bearing 637
Bat, Dog-like 614
Bat, Dominican Common 576
Bat, Dominican Free-tailed 629
Bat, Durango Brown 580
Bat, Dusky 683, 748
Bat, Dusky Mastiff 620
Bat, Dwarf Mastiff 624
Bat, Dwarf Nose-leaf 690
Bat, Escazu White 615
Bat, Falcate 708
Bat, Flat-forehead Bahama 685
Bat, Flat-nosed 696
Bat, Forest 664
Bat, Fort Yuma 577
Bat, Free-tailed Mouse 630
Bat, Fringed 572
Bat, Fringed-face 665
Bat, Fruit-loving 707
Bat, Geoffrey's 682, 715
Bat, Godman's 674
Bat, Graceful 602, 634
767
768
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE.
Bat, Graceful Free-tailed 626
Bat, Gray 747
Bat, Great 633
Bat, Grizzled Brown 575
Bat, Gundlach's 599
Bat, Hairy 662
Bat, Heller's White-striped 703
Bat, Hoary 595
Bat, Inflated-nose 747
Bat, Intermediate 595, 694
Bat, Jalisco Brown 579
Bat, Jamaica 694
Bat, La Grulla Brown 577
Bat, Large-eared Vampire 662
Bat, Large-nosed Mastiff 621
Bat, Large-winged 573
Bat, Las Vigas 584
Bat, Leafless or Blunt-nosed 688
Bat, Little Brown 580
Bat, Little California 578
Bat, Little Comondu 607
Bat, Little Free-tailed 630
Bat, Little Mexican 579
Bat, Long-nosed 609
Bat, Lower California 573
Bat, Lower California Brown 589
Bat, Macleay's 641
Bat, Masked 641
Bat, Mexican 644
Bat, Mexican Free-tailed 629
Bat, Mexican Red 594
Bat, Mexican Vampire 663
Bat, Miller's 575
Bat, Miller's Nose-leaf 678
Bat, Mirador Brown 588
Bat, Montserrat 705
Bat, Musky 617
Bat, Nicholls' 706
Bat, Pacific Pale 607
Bat, Pale 579
Bat, Palm Springs Free-tailed .... 626
Bat, Panama 597
Bat, Parnell's 642
Bat, Peters' Vampire 656
Bat, Peters' White-striped 704
Bat, Pfeiffer's Red 593
Bat, Poey's 686
Bat, Porto Rican 643
Bat, Porto Rico Nose-leaf 677
Bat, Pouched 612
Bat, Prominent-eared 574
PAGE.
Bat, Pug-nosed Mastiff 620
Bat, Rafinesque's 599
Bat, Red 593
Bat, Redman's Nose-leaf 679
Bat, Restless 60 1
Bat, Round-eared 658
Bat, Rufous Mastiff 619
Bat, Rufous Vampire 719
Bat St. Lucia 706
Bat, St. Martin 697
Bat, Salvin's Leaf-nosed 710
Bat, San Bernardino 589
Bat, Santa Anita 633
Bat, Santa Lucia Nose-leaf 678
Bat, Santa Rosalia 602
Bat, Saussure's Large-eared 653
Bat, Sezekorn's 686
Bat, Shaggy-eared 642
Bat, Shaved Mastiff 623
Bat, Short-fingered 636
Bat, Short-tailed 669
Bat, Shrew-like 672
Bat, Sierra Laguna 597
Bat, Small 674
Bat, Small-eared Nicaraguan 663
Bat, Small-footed 635, 694
Bat, Small-winged 580
Bat, Snowy 679, 680
Bat, Spear-nosed 666
Bat, Specter 656
Bat, Straight-eared Mastiff 623
Bat, Straw-colored 632
Bat, Swift 583
Bat, Tailless 720
Bat, Thomas's 612
Bat, Tome's Long-eared 650
Bat, Townsend's Big-eared 604
Bat, Tres Marias 602, 671
Bat, Tres Marias Islands 673
Bat, True's 581
Bat, Tucubaya Free-tailed 627
Bat, Underwood's 675
Bat, Wandering Bermuda 584
Bat, Waterhouse's Large-eared ... 652
Bat, Watling's Island 637
Bat, Watson's 696
Bat, Western 582
Bat, White 615
Bat, White Honduras 710
Bat, White-striped 610. 702
Bat, White-throated Brown 590
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
769
PAGE.
Bat, Wrinkled-face 718
Bat, Ypanema Nose-leaf 713
Bat, Yucatan Brown 590
Bat, Yucatan Free-tailed 626
Bats, 569, 570, 581, 591. 639, 651,
665,673,691
Bats, Blood-sucking 569
Bats, Common 570
Bats, Fruit-eating 569
Bats, Funnel-eared 631
Bats, Insect-eating 569, 570
Bats, Insectivorous 665
Bats, Large-eared 608
Bats, Nose-leaf 569
Bats, Slender, Long- tailed 570
Bats, Vampire 639
Bayamon Bat 685
Bear, Alaskan Brown 478
Bear, Black 478
Bear, Cinnamon 478
Bear, Fighting 481
Bear, Glacier 478
Bear, Grizzly 478
Bear, Mexican Grizzly 480
Bear, Polar 478
Bears 441, 478, 479
Bears, Black 478
Bears, Cinnamon 478
Bears, Grizzly 478
Bears, North American 478
Berlandier's Badger 504, 505
Berlandier's Shrew 558
Bermuda Bat, Wandering 584
Big-eared Bat 604, 648
Big-eared Bat, Townsend's 604
Big-eared Kit Fox 472, 473
Big-eared Pale Bat 605
Black Bear 478
Black Bears 478
Black-buck 441
Blackish Mastiff Bat 620
Black Shrew 558
Black Spider Monkey 734
Blood-sucking Bats 569
Bocourt's Large-eared Bat 654
Bold Coyote 468
Booth's Bat 642
Boqueron Coati 498
Boqueron Jaguarondi 452
Boquete Raccoon-fox 485
Boquete Tailless Bat 721
PAGE.
Bridled Skunk 512
Bridled Weasel 532
Bridled Weasel. Goldman's 533
Bridled Weasel. Michoacan 533
Bridled Weasel, Rio Grande 533
Brown Bat 587
Brown Bat, Allied 589
Brown Bat, Bahama 588
Brown Bat, Cuban 588
Brown Bat, Durango 580
Brown Bat, Grizzled 575
Brown Bat, Jalisco 579
Brown Bat, La Grulla 577
Brown Bat, Little 580
Brown Bat, Lower California 589
Brown Bat, Mirador 588
Brown Bat, White-throated 590
Brown Bat, Yucatan 590
Brown Bear, Alaskan 478
Buller's Large-eared Bat 654
Bush Dog 464
Cabeza de Viejo 525
Cacamistl 482, 484
Cacomisil de Monte 487
California Bat, Little 578
California Gray Fox 477
California Large-eared Bat 653
California Lynx 459
California Red Bat 594
California Sea-lion 539, 540
Calovevora Grison 524
Cape Hunting Dog 464
Cape St. Lucas Spotted Skunk ... 523
Capuchin, White-throated 736
Capuchins 725
Cardonal Island Bat 574
Carnivora, Fissiped 441
Carnivora, Pinniped 441
Carnivora, Terrestrial 441
Carnivores 441
Carriker's Ocelot 449
Cat, Indian 442
Cat, Ounce-like 450
Cat, Small-spotted 450
Cat, Wild 458
Cats . . .441, 442, 446, 447, 448, 464, 529
Cat Squirrel 484
Cauzel 449
Cavern Nose-leaf Bat 689
Central American Otter 536
770
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE.
Central American Puma 456
Cetaceans 538
Changeable Shrew 553
Chestnut-bellied Shrew 550
Chestnut-colored Bat 670
Chestnut Mastiff Bat 624
Chiapas Cottontail 744
Chihuahuan Little Spotted Skunk. 521
Chipmunk, Guanacevi 741
Chiriqui Bat 576
Chiriqui Kinkajou 501
Chulomuco 524
Cinnamon Bat 585, 649
Cinnamon Bear 478
Cinnamon Bears 478
Cinereous Bat 700
Civets 460
Coati 497
Coati, Boqueron 498
Coati, Dark 497
Coati, Manzanillo 497
Coati, Nelson's 496
Coati, Pallid 498
Coati, Yucatan 498
Coatis 482, 494
Coati-mondis 481, 494
Colima Coyote 467
Collaraja 534
Colon Bat 697
Comadreja 532
Common Bats 570
Common Indian Mongoose 462
Common Mole 563
Common Raccoon-fox 484
Common Shrews 549
Comondu Bat, Little 607
Congo 726
Congo, o'Mono Chilian 726
Coon 494
Coon, Gabb's 489
Coons 481, 489
Cory's Bat 693
Costa Rica Jaguar 446
Costa Rica Ocelot 448
Cottontail, Acapulco 744
Cottontail, Alta Mira 743
Cottontail, Chiapas 744
Cottontail, Sinaloa 745
Coues' Mexican Shrew 560
Coyote 465
Coyote, Bold : . 468
PAGE.
Coyote, Colima 467
Coyote, Lower California 466
Coyote, Mearns' 468
Coyote, Noland's Ranch 469
Coyote, Ochraceous-footed 470
Coyote, Robber 465
Coyote, Smith's 466
Coyote, Tamaulipas 469
Coyote, Thievish 467
Coyotes 464
Crab-eating Raccoon 492
Crawford's Shrew 554
Cuban Brown Bat 588
Cuban Free-tailed Bat 627
Cuban Nose-leaf Bat 678
Cuistiii 731
Dark Brown Bat 643
Dark Coati 497
Dark-eared Bat 699
Dark Yuma Bat 577
Davy's Bat 644
De Blainville's Bat 649
Desert Lynx 458
Disk-bearing Bat 637
Dog, Bush 464
Dog, Cape Hunting 464
Dog, Hunting 464
Dog-like Bat 614
Dogs 463
Dogs, Domestic 463
Dogs, Wild 464
Domestic Dogs 463
Dominican Common Bat 576
Dominican Free-tailed Bat 629
Durango Brown Bat 580
Dusky Bat 683, 748
Dusky Mastiff Bat 620
Dusky Shrew 559
Dwarf Mastiff Bat 624
Dwarf Nose-leaf Bat 690
Eastern Gray Fox 473
Elephant Seal 545
Escazu White Bat 615
Escuinapa Lynx 456
Esperito Santo Raccoon-fox 485
Eyra, The Tamaulipas 453
Eyra, Yucatan 453
Falcate Bat 708
Ferrets 528
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
771
PAGE.
Fighting Bear 481
Fissiped Carnivora 441
Flat-forehead Bahama Bat 685
Flat-nosed Bat 696
Flying Squirrels 547
Forest Bat 664
Fort Yuma Bat 577
Fox 471, 482
Fox, Big-eared Kit 472, 473
Fox, California Gray 477
Fox, Eastern Gray 473
Fox, Guatemalan Gray 475
Fox, Little Gray 475
Fox, Red 473
Fox, Scott's Gray 477
Fox, Small-toothed 476
Fox, Texan Gray 478
Foxes 463,464, 471
Foxes, Gray 473
Free-tailed Bat, Bahaman 630
Free-tailed Bat, Cuban 627
Free-tailed Bat, Dominician 629
Free-tailed Bat, Graceful 626
Free-tailed Bat, Little 630
Free- tailed Bat. Mexican 629
Free-tailed Bat, Palm Springs .... 626
Free-tailed Bat, Tucubaya 627
Free- tailed Bat. Yucatan 626
Free- tailed Mouse Bat 630
Fringed Bat 572
Fringed-face Bat 665
Fruit-eating Bats 569
Fruit-loving Bat 708
Fulvous-bellied Spider Monkey ... 734
Funnel-eared Bats 631
Fur Seal 538
Fur Seal, Guadalupe 544
Fur Seal, Southern 543
Fur Seals 543, 544
Gabb's Coon 489
Goto Monies 458
Geoffrey's Bat 682, 715
Geoffrey's Spider Monkey 733
Geoffrey's Titi Monkey 724
Giant Shrew 555
Glacier Bear 478
Godman's Bat 674
Godman's Shrew 552
Goldman's Bridled Weasel 533
Goldman's Jaguar 447
Goldman's Shrew 560
PAGE.
Graceful Bat 602, 634
Graceful Free-tailed Bat 626
Gray Bat 747
Gray Fox, California 477
Gray Fox, Eastern 473
Gray Fox, Guatemalan 475
Gray Fox, Little 475
Gray Fox, Scott's 477
Gray Fox, Texan 478
Gray Foxes 473
Gray-headed Grison 525
Gray Jaguarondi 451
Great Bat 633
Great Shrew 562
Grison, Allamand's 526
Grison, Calovevora 524
Grison, Gray-headed 525
Grison, Nelson's 526, 528
Grisons 524
Grizzled Brown Bat 575
Grizzled Spider Monkey 735
Grizzlies 479
Grizzly 478
Grizzly Bear 478
Grizzly Bear, Mexican 480
Grizzly Bears 478
Guadalupe Fur Seal 544
Guadalupe Skunk 517
Guanacevi Chipmunk 741
Guatemalan Gray Fox 475
Guatemalan Shrews 551
Gundlach's Bat 599
Hair Seal, San Geronimo 542
Hairy Bat 662
Heller's White-striped Bat 703
Hernandez's Jaguar 446
Hernandez's Raccoon 491
Hidalgo Jack Rabbit 746
Hoary Bat 595
Hoary Mole Mouse 742
Honduras Bat, White 710
House Rat 565
Howler, Island of Coiba 728
Howler, Mantled 726
Howler, Mexican 727
Howler, Villous 726
Howling Monkeys 725, 726
Hunting Dog 464
Hunting Leopard 441
Ichneumon 461
Ichneumons 461
772
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE.
Indian Cat 442
Inflated-nose Bat 747
Insect-eating Bats 569, 570
Insectivores 547
Insectivorous Bats 665
Insectivorous Mammals . . 547
Intermediate Bat 595, 694
Island of Coiba Howler 725
Island Raccoon 492
Jackals 463, 464
Jack Rabbit, Alta Mira 745
Jack Rabbit, Hidalgo 746
Jaguar ... .445, 532
Jaguar, Costa Rica 446
Jaguar, Goldman's 447
Jaguar, Hernandez's 446
Jaguars 446
Jaguarondi 451
Jaguarondi, Boqueron 452
Jaguarondi, Gray 451
Jaguarondi, Sinaloa 452
Jalisco Brown Bat 579
Jamaica Bat 694
Killer Whales . 538
Kinkajou 499. 501
Kinkajou, Aztec 500
Kinkajou, Chiriqui 501
Kinkajous 482, 499
Kit Fox, Big-eared 472, 473
La Ciegna Squirrel 741
La Grulla Brown Bat 577
Large-eared Bat, Bocourt's 654
Large-eared Bat, Buller's 654
Large-eared Bat, California 653
Large-eared Bat, Saussure's 653
Large-eared Bat, Waterhouse's ... 652
Large-eared Vampire Bat 662
Large-eared Bats 608
Large-nosed Mastiff Bats 621
Large-toothed Shrew 552
Large- winged Bat 573
Las Penas Bat 646
Las Vigas Bat 584
Leafless or Blunt-nosed Bat 688
Leaf-nosed Bat, Salvin's 710
Leon miquero 451
Leon monero 451
Leopard, Hunting 441
Little Brown Bat 580
PAGE.
Little California Bat 578
Little Comondu Bat 607
Little Free-tailed Bat 630
Little Gray Fox 475
Little Mexican Bat 579
Little Raccoon 490
Little Spotted Skunk, Chihuahuan 521
Little Spotted Skunks 519
Lobo 471
Lofty Mountain Shrew 550
Long-eared Bat, Tomes' 650
Long-nosed Bat 609
Long-tailed Skunk 510, 511
Lower California Badger 505
Lower California Bat 573
Lower California Brown Bat 589
Lower California Coyote 466
Lower California Lynx 460
Lower California Mole 564
Lower California Skunk 507
Lynx, Bailey's 459
Lynx, California 459
Lynx, Desert 458
Lynx, Escuinapa 456
Lynx, Lower California 460
Lynxes 458
Macleay's Bat 641
Mammals, Insectivorous 547
Manigordo 448
Mantled Howler 726
Manzanillo Coati 497
Marmosets 723
Marten 524
Mariica 500
Masked Bat 641
Mastiff Bat, Blackish 620
Mastiff Bat, Chestnut 624
Mastiff Bat, Dusky 620
Mastiff Bat, Dwarf 624
Mastiff Bat, Large-nosed 621
Mastiff Bat, Pug-nosed 620
Mastiff Bat, Rufous 619
Mastiff Bat, Shaved 623
Mastiff Bat, Straight-eared 623
Maya Shrew 561
Maynard's Raccoon 491
Mazatlan Shrew 555
Mearns' Coyote 468
Mearns' Skunk 516
Merriam's Skunk 509
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
773
PAGE.
Mexican Badger 504
Mexican Bat 644
Mexican Bat, Little 579
Mexican Free-tailed Bat 629
Mexican Grizzly Bear 480
Mexican Howler 727
Mexican Otter 535
Mexican Puma 456
Mexican Red Bat 594
Mexican Shrew, Coues' 560
Mexican Spider Monkey 733
Mexican Timber Wolf 470, 471
Mexican Vampire Bat 663
Mice 461, 482, 529
Michoacan Bridled Weasel 533
Mico dormilon 729
Micoleon 500
Miller's Bat 575
Miller's Nose-leaf Bat 678
Miller's Skunk 511
Mink 528
Minute Shrew 550
Mirador Brown Bat 588
Mole, Anthony's 565
Mole, Common 563
Mole, Lower California 564
Mole Mouse, Hoary 742
Mole Mouse, Samalayuca 742
Mole Mouse, Yaki 742
Moles 547, 548, 562, 563
Monkey, Black Spider 734
Monkey, Fulvous-bellied Spider . . 734
Monkey, Geoffrey's Spider 733
Monkey, Geoffroy's Titi 724
Monkey, Grizzled Spider 734
Monkey, Mexican Spider 734
Monkey, Noisy Squirrel 729
Monkey, Oersted's Titi 731
Monkey, Rufous-foot Squirrel .... 729
Monkeys 723, 726
Monkeys, Howling 725, 726
Monkeys, New World 725
Monkeys, Prehensile- tailed 725
Monkeys, Spider 732, 733
Monkeys, Squirrel 728
Mono 726
A/ono carablanca 736
Mono Colorado 733
Montserrat Bat 705
Motzorongo Skunk 517
Mountain Shrew 553
Mt. Popocatepetl Shrew 561
PAGE.
Mt Zempoaltepec Shrew 562
Mouse Bat, Free-tailed 630
Mouse, Hoary Mole 742
Mouse, Samalayuca Mole 742
Mouse, Yaki Mole 742
Mungoose 460, 461, 463
Mungoose, Common Indian 462
Musky Bat 617
Khiyus 487
Narrow-headed Spotted Skunk ... 521
Nelson's Coati 496
Nelson's Grison 526, 528
Nelson's Shrew 561
New World Monkeys 725
Nicaraguan Bat, Small-eared 663
Nicholls' Bat 706
Noisy Squirrel Monkey 729
Noland's Ranch Coyote 469
North American Bears 478
Northwestern Puma 454
Nose-leaf Bat, Barbadoes 677
Nose-leaf Bat, Cavern 689
Nose-leaf Bat, Cuban 678
Nose-leaf Bat, Dwarf 690
Nose-leaf Bat, Miller's 678
Nose-leaf Bat, Porto Rico 677
Nose-leaf Bat, Redman's 679
Nose-leaf Bat, Santa Lucia 678
Nose-leaf Bat, Ypanema 713
Nose-leaf Bats 569
Nutria 536
Oaxaca Spotted Skunk 521
Ocelot 447, 448
Ocelot, Carriker's 449
Ocelot, Costa Rica 448
Ochraceous-footed Coyote 470
Ocotlan Slender Shrew 55 7 1 558
Oerstead's Titi Monkey 731
Omilteme Rabbit 743
Onza ... 453, S32
Orcas 538
Otter 534
Otter, Central American 536
Otter, Mexican 535
Otter, Sea 537
Otters . . .502,534, 535
Ounce-like Cat 540
Pacific Ocean Seal 541
Pacific Pale Bat 607
774
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE.
Pale Bat 579
Pale Bat, Big-eared 605
Pale Bat Pacific 607
Pallid Coati 498
Palm Springs Free- tailed Bat .... 626
Panama Bat 597
Parnell's Bat 642
Peters' Vampire Bat 656
Peters' White-striped Bat 704
Pfeiffer's Red Bat 593
Pinniped Carnivora 441
Pisoti 497
Plantigrades 478
Poey's Bat 686
Polar Bear 478
Porcupine 547
Porto Rican Bat 643
Porto Rico Nose-leaf Bat . 677
Pottos 482
Pouched Bat 612
Primates 723
Prehensile- tailed Monkeys 725
Prominent-eared Bat 574
Pug-nosed Mastiff Bat 620
Puma 454,455
Puma, Central American 456
Puma, Mexican 456
Puma, Northwestern 454
Pumas 455
Rabbit, Alta Mira Jack 745
Rabbit, Hidalgo Jack 746
Rabbit, Omilteme 743
Raccoon 489
Raccoon, Crab-eating 492
Raccoon, Hernandez's 491
Raccoon, Island 492
Raccoon, Little 490
Raccoon, Maynard's 491
Raccoons 482, 490
Raccoon-fox 482
Raccoon-fox, Boquete 485
Raccoon-fox, Common 484
Raccoon- fox, Esperito Santo 485
Raccoon-fox, Southern 487
Raccoon-fox, Tawny 485
Raccoon-fox, White-footed 486
Raccoon-foxes 482
Rafinesque's Bat 599
Rat, House 565
Rats 461, 482, 529
Red Bat 593
PAGE.
Red Bat. California 594
Red Bat, Mexican 594
Red Bat, Pfeiffer's 593
Red Fox 473
Redman's Nose-leaf Bat 679
Restless Bat 60 1
Rio Grande Bridled Weasel 533
Robber Coyote 465
Rodents 529
Round-eared Bat 658
Rufous-foot Squirrel Monkey 729
Rufous Mastiff Bat 619
Rufous Vampire Bat 719
St. Lucia Bat 706
St. Martin Bat 697
Salvin's Leaf-nosed Bat 710
Salvin's Shrew 551
Samalayuca Mole Mouse 742
San Bernardino Bat 589
San Christobal Shrew 551
San Felipe Skunk 517
San Geronimo Hair Seal 542
San Pedro Martir Spotted Skunk .. 522
Santa Anita Bat 633
Santa Lucia Nose-leaf Bat 678
Santa Rosalia Bat 602
Sapajou, Allied 737
Sapajous 725
Saussure's Large-eared Bat 653
Saussure's Shrew 553
Sclater's Shrew 552
Scott's Gray Fox 477
Sea-bears 538, 543, 544
Sea-elephant 546
Sea-elephants 544
Seal, Elephant 545
Seal, Fur 538
Seal, Guadalupe Fur 544
Seal, Pacific Ocean 541
Seal, San Geronimo Hair 542
Seal, Southern Fur 543
Seal, West Indian 542, 543
Seals 538, 541
Seals, Fur 543, 544
Sea-lion 539
Sea-lion, California 539, 540
Sea-lions 538, 539
Sea Otter 537
Sezekorn's Bat 686
Shaggy-eared Bat 642
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
775
PAGE.
Shaved Mastiff Bat 623
Short-fingered Bat 636
Short- tailed Bat 669
Shrew, Berlandier's 558
Shrew, Black 558
Shrew, Changeable 553
Shrew, Chestnut-bellied 550
Shrew, Coues' Mexican 560
Shrew, Crawford's 554
Shrew, Dusky 559
Shrew, Giant 555
Shrew, Godman's 552
Shrew, Goldman's 560
Shrew, Great 562
Shrew, Guatemalan 551
Shrew, Large-toothed 552
Shrew, Lofty Mountain 550
Shrew, Maya 561
Shrew, Mazatlan 555
Shrew, Minute 550
Shrew, Mountain 553
Shrew. Mt. Popocatepetl 561
Shrew, Mt. Zempoal tepee 562
Shrew, Nelson's 561
Shrew, Ocotlan Slender 557, 558
Shrew, Salvin's 551
Shrew. San Christobal 551
Shrew, Saussure's 553
Shrew, Sclater's 552
Shrew, Tlalpam 560
Shrew, Tropical 559
Shrew, Volcano of Irazu 559
Shrew, Wandering 560
Shrew, Warring 561
Shrews 548, 555
Shrews, American 548, 555
Shrews, Common , 549
Shrew-like Bat 672
Sierra Laguna Bat 597
Sinaloa Cottontail 745
Sinaloa Jaguarondi 452
Sinaloa Spotted Skunk 519
Skunk 506, 507
Skunk, Bridled 512
Skunk, Cape St. Lucas Spotted ... 523
Skunk, Chihuahuan Little Spotted 521
Skunk, Guadalupe 517
Skunk, Long- tailed 510, 511
Skunk, Lower California 507
Skunk, Mearns' 516
Skunk, Merriam's 509
PAGE.
Skunk, Miller's 511
Skunk, Motzorongo 517
Skunk, Narrow-headed Spotted. . . 521
Skunk, Oaxaca Spotted 521
Skunk, San Felipe 517
Skunk, San Pedro Martir Spotted . 522
Skunk, Sinaloa Spotted 519
Skunk, Sonoran 514
Skunk, Texan 515
Skunk, White-backed 515
Skunk, White-spotted .. . .515, 522, 523
Skunks 506, 507, 512
Skunks, Little Spotted 519
Skunks, Spotted 519
Skunks, Striped 519
Skunks, White-backed 512
Slender, Long-tailed Bats 570
Slender Shrew, Ocotlan 557, 558
Small Bat 674
Small-eared Nicaraguan Bat 663
Small-footed Bat 635, 694
Small Spotted Cat 450
Small-toothed Fox 476
Small- winged Bat 580
Smith's Coyote 466
Snowy Bat 679, 680
Solenedons 548
Sonoran Skunk 514
Southern Fur Seal 543
Southern Raccoon-fox 487
Spear-nosed Bat 666
Specter Bat 656
Spider Monkey, Black 734
Spider Monkey, Fulvous-bellied. . . 734
Spider Monkey, Geoffroy's 733
Spider Monkey, Grizzled 734
Spider Monkey, Mexican 733
Spider Monkeys 732
Spotted Cat, Small 450
Spotted Skunk, Cape St. Lucas. . . 523
Spotted Skunk, Chihuahuan Little 521
Spotted Skunk, Narrow-headed. . . 521
Spotted Skunk, Oaxaca 521
Spotted Skunk, San Pedro Martir . 522
Spotted Skunk, Sinaloa 519
Spotted Skunks 519
Squirrel 547
Squirrel, Barber's 741
Squirrel, La Ciegna 741
Squirrel Monkey, Noisy 729
Squirrel Monkey, Rufous-foot .... 729
Squirrel Monkeys 728
776
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE.
Squirrels 547
Squirrels, Flying 547
Straight-eared Mastiff Bat 623
Straw-colored Bat 632
Striped Skunks 519
Swift Bat 583
Tailless Bat 720
Tailless Bat, Boquete 721
Tamaulipas Coyote 469
Tawny Raccoon-fox 485
Taxon 504
Teapa Weasel 531
Tejon 497
Tejon solitario 491
Tenrec 565
Tepachiche del Cofre de Perote .... 487
Terrestrial Carnivora 441
Teion 504
Texan Gray Fox 478
Texan Skunk 515
The Eyra 453
The Margay 449
The Tamaulipas Eyra 453
Thievish Coyote 467
Thomas's Bat 612
Tigre 446
Tigrillo 477
Timber Wolf, Mexican 470, 471
Timber Wolves 464
™ 73i
Titi Monkey, Geoffrey's 724
Titi Monkey, Oerstead's 731
Tlalpam Shrew 560
Tome's Long-eared Bat 650
Townsend's Big-eared Bat 604
Tree-shrews 547
Tres Marias Bat 602, 671
Tres Marias Islands Bat 673
Tropical Shrew 559
Tropical Weasel 531
True's Bat 581
True Weasels 528
Tucubaya Free-tailed Bat 627
Tulomuco 524
Underwood's Bat 675
Vampire Bat, Large-eared 662
Vampire Bat, Mexican 663
Vampire Bat, Peter's 656
Vampire Bat, Rufous 719
Vampire Bats 639
Vampires 639
PAGE.
Villous Howler 726
Volcano of Irazti Shrew 559
Walrus 441,538,541
Wandering Bermuda Bat 584
Wandering Shrew 560
Warring Shrew 561
Waterhouse's Large-eared Bat. ... 652
Watling's Island Bat 637
Watson's Bat 696
Weasel 528, 529
Weasel, Allied 534
Weasel, Arctic 528
Weasel, Bridled 532
Weasel, Goldman's Bridled 533
Weasel, Michoacan Bridled 533
Weasel, Rio Grande Bridled 533
Weasel, Teapa 531
Weasel, Tropical 531
Weasels 502, 528, 529
Weasels, True 528
Western Bat 582
West Indian Seal 542, 543
Whales, Killer 538
White-backed Skunk 515
White-backed Skunks 512
White Bat 615
White Bat, Escazu 615
White-footed Raccoon-fox 486
White Honduras Bat 710
White-spotted Skunk . . . .515, 522, 523
White-striped Bat 610, 702
White-striped Bat, Heller's 703
White-striped Bat, Peter's 704
White-throated Brown Bat 590
White-throated Capuchin 737
Wild Cat 458
Wild Dogs 464
Wolf, Mexican Timber 470, 471
Wolves, Timber 464
Wolves 463, 464
Wrinkled-face Bat 718
Yaki Mole Mouse 742
Ypanema Nose-leaf Bat 713
Yucatan Brown Bat 590
Yucatan Coati 498
Yucatan Eyra 453
Yucatan Free-tailed Bat 626
Yuma Bat, Dark 577
Zorillo 510.512
Zorro 477
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES,
VOL. IV, PARTS I AND II.
PAGE.
aberti. (Sciurus) 112
abrasus. (Dysopes) 623
abrasus. (Promops) 621, 623
Abromys 352
Abrothrix 272
acapulcensis. (Cervus) 74
achradophilum. (Artibeus) 707
achradophilum. (Stern oderma)
.705,707
Acodon 272
Acodon boliviensis 272
Acodon irazu 273. 274
Acodon teguina 273, 274, 275
Acodon t. apricus 273, 274
Acodon xerampelinus 273, 275
acuticaudatus. (Molossus) 620
Adelonycteris 586
Adelonycteris gaumeri 590
Adenonotus 62
adocetus. (Citellus) 141, 152
adolphei. (Sciurus) ..98,114,126,127
adspersus. (Heteromys) 369, 373
aedipus. (Midas) 724
aedium. (Plagiodontia) 395, 396
aegypticus. (Nyctinomus) 628
.-Eorestes 571
aestuans. (Sciurus) 104
affinis. (Hesperomys) 180
affinis. (Mustela) 534
affinis. (Myotis) 580
affinis. (Peromyscus) .... 172, 180, 181
affinis. (Putorius) 531, 532. 534
affinis. (Sciurus) 1 24
Agaphelus glaucus 40
agilis. (Dipodomys) 349. 351
agilis. (Perodipus) 349, 351
Agouti 403, 408
Agouti paca 408
Agouti p. virgata 408, 409
Agouti taczanowski 403, 408
Agoutidae 403
Agricola 299
alba. (Ectophylla) 709, 710
PAGE.
albescens. (Felis) 447
albescens. (Myotis) 581
albescens. (Onychomys 1.) 742
albescens. (Sturnira) 715
albescens. (Vespertilio) 573
albifrons. (Ateles) 733
albigula. (Neotoma i.) ..278,285,286
albigularis. (Vespertilio) 587, 590
albigularis. (Vesperus) 590
albilabris. (Rhithrodontomys m.)
258, 269
albinasus. (Pappogeomys) . . .320. 321
albipes. (Bassariscus) 484, 486
albipes. (Sciurus) 117
albirostris. (Sus) 66
albirostris. (Tagassu) 66
albiventer. (Oryzomys) 234.236
albolimbatus. (Heteromys) -.374.375
albolimbatus. (Sciurus d.) 133
albomaculatum. (Phyllostoma) . . 708
albrinanus. (Delphinus) 55
albus. (Declidurus) 614. 615
albus. (Molossus) 619
alecto. (Molossus) 619
alexandrinus. (Mus) 162. 164
alfari. (Oryzomys) 234. 242
alfari. (Sciurus) 94. 99
alfari. (Sigmodontomys) 254. 255
algeriensis. (Delphinus) 55
Aliama 47
allamandi. (Galictis) 526
allamandi. (Grison) 524. 526
alleni. (Heteromys) 370, 374. 376
alleni. (Hodomys) 296. 297
alleni. (Lepus) . 43 '• 433, 434
alleni. (Neotoma) 296, 297
alleni. (Rhogoessa) 60 1, 602
alleni. (Sciurus) 95, 1 06, 1 08
alleni. (Sigmodon) 222. 224
allex. (Peromyscus) 172, 175
allophilus. (Peromyscus) . . . .172, 208
alope. (Prodelphinus) 58
Alopex 465
777
778
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
Alouatta 726
Alouatta palliata 726, 727. 728
Alouatta p. coibensis 726, 727
Alouatta p. mexicana 726, 727
Alouatta villosa 726
Alouattinae 725
alstoni. (Caluromys) 9
alstoni. (Neotomodon) ..292,293,294
alstoni. (Sciurus) 108
alticola. (Blarina) 557, 561, 562
alticola. (Rhithrodontomys s.) . .
257, 263
alticola. (Sigrfltmdon) 224, 231
alticola. (Thomomys f.) 333. 335
altilaneus. (Peromyscus) ....175,210
altimirae. (Lepus) 745
ambigua. (Spilogale) 519, 521
ambiguus. (Dipodomys m.) . . 343, 346
amblyotis. (Phyllostoma) 658
amblyotis. (Tonatia) 658, 659
americana. (Antilocapra) 82, 83
americana. (Antilope) 81,82
americanus. (Cervus) 68
americanus. (Odontocoelus) .69, 70, 75
americanus. (Trichechus) 37
Ammomys 299
Ammospermophilus 139, 140, 141
amoles. (Sigmodon a.) 2,24, 231
amplexicaudata. (Glossophaga) . . 672
amplus. (Peromyscus) 174, 205
angelensis. (Peromyscus b.) . . 173, 190
angulatum. (Dicotyles) 63
angulatum. (Tagassu) . . .62, 63, 64, 65 angusticeps. (Neotoma i.) . . .278, 285 angusticeps. (Oryzomys) . . . .235, 245
angustifrons. (Spilogale) 519, 521
angustirostris. (Macrorhinus) .... 545 angustirostris. (Mirounga) . . .545,546 angustirostris. (Perognathus p.) .
• • 357,358
angustirostris. (Platygeomys t.) .
318,319
Anisonyx 153
anitae. (Thomomys f.) 333, 335
annectens. (Heteromys) 369, 371
annectens. (Lutra) 535, 536
annulatus. (Bassariscus) 484, 487
annulatus. (Citellus) . ...141, 151, 152
annulatus. (Paradoxurus) 487
annulatus. (Sperm opilus) 151
anomalus. (Mus) 368
PAGE.
Anotus 549, 5 56
anthonyi. (Hesperomys) 185
anthonyi. (Neotoma) 278, 283
anthonyi. (Perognathus) . . . .358, 366 anthonyi. (Peromyscus) .. 1 7 2 , 185, 186
anthonyi. (Scapanus) 564, 565
anthonyi. (Sciurus) 130
Anthropoidea 723
antillarum . (Glossophaga) ....671,672
antillarum. (Oryzomys) 235, 247
antillensis. (Dasyprocta) 407
antillularum. (Nyctinomus) 629
Antilocapra 81
Antilocapra americana 82, 83
Antilocapra a. mexicana 81, 82
Antilocapridae 81
Antilope americana 81, 82
Antrozoinae 605
Antrozous 605
Antrozous minor 605, 607
Antrozous pallidus 605, 606, 607
Antrozous p. pacificus 605, 607
Anura 681
Anura ecaudata 682
Anura geoffroyi 68 r , 682
Anura lasiopyga 682
Aotinae 728
Aotus 728
Aotus azaras 728
Aotus rufipes 729
Aotus vociferans 729
apache. (Felis) •. . . 454
apache. (Felis e.) 445, 453
apache (Perognathus) 356
apache. (Sciurus) 95, 107, no
apatelius. (Oryzomys j.) 235, 246
aphrastus. (Thomomys) 334, 336
aphylla. (Rhithronycteris) ...687,688
apricus. (Acodon t.) 273, 274
apus. (Pipistrellus h.) 582, 583
aquaticus. (Lepus) 414
aquaticus. (Oryzomys) 241
Araeosciurus 91, 94, 106
araneus. (Sorex) 549
arboreus. (Peromyscus) 170
arcticus. (Orcinus) 51
Arctocephalus 543
Arctocephalus townsendi 544
Arctogale 528, 529, 530
Arctomys ludovicianus 153
Arctophoca 543
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
779
PAGE. Arctopithecus .................. 21
Arctopithecus castaneiceps ....... 22
arctus. (Ursus) ................ 479
arenacea. (Neotoma) ........ 277, 283
arenarius. (Geomys) ........ 310, 311
arenarius. (Perognathus p.) ......
arenarius. (Peromyscus e.) . . . 173, 191 arenicola. (Onychomys t.) .. .165, 168 arenivagus. (Dipodomys m.) .343, 347 aries. (Ovis) .................. 83
Ariteus ........................ 704
arizonae. (Lepus) ...417,423,424,425 arizonae. (Peromyscus a.) ....... 186
arizonae. (Peromyscus t.) .......
................. 173, 186, 187, 188
arizonas. (Sigmodon h.) ..... 224, 228
arizonae. (Sitomys a.) .......... 186
arizonae. (Spilogale) ......... 521, 522
arizonensis. (Cynomys) ...... 153, 154
arizonensis. (Sciurus) ..........
.............. 95, 102, 107, 108, 109
Arizostus ...................... 31
arquatus. (Vespertilio) ......... 587
artemesia. (Lepus) ............ 425
Artibeus . . . .691, 697, 699. 704, 707, 712
Artibeus achradophilum ......... 707
Artibeus carpolegus .......... 693, 694
Artibeus coryi ............... 692, 693
Artibeus eva ................ 693, 697
Artibeus falcatus ............ 707, 708
Artibeus fallax .................. 695
Artibeus glaucus ................ 696
Artibeus intermedius ......... 693, 694
Artibeus jamaicensis .............
............. 691, 692, 693, 694, 700
Artibeus leucomus .............. 712
Artibeus obscurus ............... 695
Artibeus parvipes ............ 693, 694
Artibeus perspicillatum .......... 695
Artibeus planirostris ...... 693, 695, 696
Artibeus watsoni ............ 693 . 696
artus. (Perognathus g.) ..... 357, 365
arvalis. (Mus) ................. 298
Arvicola ....................... 298
Arvicola m. phaeus .............. 302
Arvicola quasiater .............. 303
Asagis ......................... 5
Ascomys ...................... 310
asellus. (Lepus) ............ 431, 435
astuta. (Bassaris) ........... 482. 484
PAGE. astutus. (Bassariscus)
483,484,485.486
Atalapha 591
Atalapha b. mexicanus 594
Atalapha b. pfeifferi 593
Atalapha b teliotis 593
Ateles ... 732, 736
Ateles albifrons 733
Ateles ater 733. 734
Ateles frontatus 733
Ateles fuliginosus 733
Ateles geoff royi 733
Ateles grisescens 733, 734
Ateles hybridus 733
Ateles melanochir 733, 734
Ateles ornatus 733
Ateles pan 733
Ateles rufiventris 733, 734
Ateles variegatus 733
Ateles vellerosus 732, 733
ater. (Ateles) . .733, 734
Atophyrax 548
atricapillus. (Citellus v.) 141, 150
atricapillus. (Spermophilus v.) . . 150 atronasus. (Dipodomys m.) ..343,348 atrovarius. (Thomomys) 333,334.338
attwateri. (Lepus a.) 414
attwateri. (Peromyscus) 192
auduboni. (Lepus) 41?. 422» 429
Aulacomys 299
aureigaster. (Sciurus)
.. .95,98, 113, 114, 115, 1 1 6, 123. 124 aureogaster. (Sciurus) ..115,116, 124 aureus. (Rhithrodontomys t.) 258, 269 aurispinosis. (Nyctinomops) .... 627
aurita. (Didelphys) 17
aurita. (Lonchorina) 649, 650
auritus. (Chrotopterus) . .656, 657, 658
auritus. (Nyctinomops) 627
auritus. (Odontocoelus) 76
auritus. (Peromyscus) . . . 174, 206, 209 auritas. (Vampyrus) . . . .656. 657, 658
aurogaster. (Sciurus) 115
austerulus. (Sigmodor.) 224, 231
australis. (Halicore) 36
australis. (Pipistrellus h.)582, 583, 584 australis. (Rhithrodontomys) 257, 259
australis. (Trichechus) 37
austroriparius. (Myotis) 580
azarae. (Aotus) 728
aztecum. (Hemiderma) 669
780
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
aztecus. (Felis h.) 454, 455
aztecus. (Hesperomys) 184
aztecus. (Lepus f.) 417, 418, 419
aztecus. (Molossus) 620
aztecus (Oryzomys c.) 234, 245
aztecus. (Peromyscus) 172, 184
aztecus. (Potos f.) 499, 500
aztecus. (Rhithrodontomys) .... 259
bachmani. (Lepus) 428, 429
badius. (Peromyscus y.) 173, 194
bahamensis. (Nyctinomus) . . .629, 630 bahamensis. (Vespertilio f.) ..587.588
baileyi. (Felis r.) 456,457,459
baileyi. (Lynx r.) 459
baileyi. (Perognathus) ..357,361,362
baileyi. (Sigmodon) 226
baileyi. (Sigmodon h.) 223, 226
Baiomys 170
Baiosciurus 91, 94, 100
bairdi. (Delphinus) 55
bairdi. (Elasmognathus) 87, 88
bairdi. (Tapirella) 87, 88
Balaena boops 40
Balsena glacialis 39
Balagna mysticetus 39
Balsenidae 38, 39
Balaenoptera 42
Balaenoptera davidsoni 42
Balaenoptera gibbar 42
Balaenoptera sulfurea 38, 42, 43
Balasnoptera velifera 42, 43
Balaenopterinae 42
Balantiopteryx 61 1
Balantiopteryx infusca 612
Balantiopteryx plicata 611, 612
baliolus. (Sciurus y.) 96, 114, 126
banderanus. (Peromyscus)
i73. !89, 190
bangsi. (Felis) 456
barbara. (Grison) 524, 525
barbatus. (Nyctiellus) 634
Bassaricyon 487
Bassaricyon gabbi 487, 488, 489
Bassaris 483
Bassaris astuta 482, 484
Bassariscus 482
Bassariscus albipes 484 486
Bassariscus annulatus 484, 487
Bassariscus astutus . .483, 484, 485, 486 Bassariscus a. flavus 484, 485
PAGE.
Bassariscus a. raptor 486
Bassariscus monticola 487
Bassariscus saxicola 484, 485
Bassariscus sumichrasti 487
Bassariscus s. notinus 484, 485
Bassariscus variabilis 487
batteatus. (Delphinus) 55
battyi. (Didelphys m.) 14, 17
battyi. (Lepus g.) 43 1. 433
battyi. (Odontoccelus) 69, 71
beatae. (Peromyscus) 172, 184
beecheyi. (Citellus v.) 150
bellicosa. (Megaptera n.) 41
belti. (Sciurus b.) 98, 114, 128
belzebul. (Simia) 726
Benedenia 42
bennetti. (Lepus) 437
bennetti. (Mimon) 667
berlandieri. (Blarina b.) .556, 557, 558
berlandieri. (Sigmodon) 227
berlandieri. (Sigmodon h.)
224, 225, 227
berlandieri. (Taxidea t.) .503, 504, 505
bernardinus. (Eptesicus f.) 589
bernardinus. (Vespertilio f.) . . 587, 589
bicolor. (Hemiderma) 669
bicolor. (Spilogale) 523
bidens. (Vampyrus) 658, 660
bilabiatum. (Phyllostoma) 712
bilabiatum. (Pygoderma) .. . .712, 713
bilineata. (Saccopteryx) 610
bilineatus. (Urocryptus) 610
bilobatum. (Uroderma) 697
bimaculatus. (Perognathus) 356
biologiae. (Galictis b.) 524
biologiae. (Grison b.) 524
bivittata. (Tamandua) 27
blainvillii. (Mormops) ...646,647,649 blandus. (Peromyscus 1.) ....172, 182
blandus. (Peromyscus s.) 182
Blaria 556
Blarina 547- 555
Blarina alticola 557, 561, 562
Blarina b. berlandieri . . . .556, 557, 558
Blarina cinerea 559
Blarina fossor 557, 562
Blarina magna 557, 562
Blarina mayensis 557, 561
Blarina mexicana
• • • -557- 559.56o,56i, 562 Blarina m. goldmani 557, 560
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
781
PAGE.
Blarina m. machetes 557, 561
Blarina m. peregrina 557, 560
Blarina micrura 558, 559
Blarina nelsoni 557, 561
Blarina nigrescens 556, 558
Blarina obscura 557, 559
Blarina oreophila 557, 559
Blarina parva 558
Blarina pergracilis 556, 557, 558
Blarina soricina 557, 560
Blarina tropicalis 557, 559, 560
blossevillii. (Lasiurus b.) 593
bocourtianus. (Macrotus) 654
bocourtianus. (Otopterus)
.652,653.654
boliviensis. (Acodon) 272
bombifrons. (Phyllonycteris) .684, 685
boops. (Balaena) 40
boothi. (Chilonycteris)
. .640, 641.642,643 boothias. (Sciurus)
97. 114, 126, 127, 128
borealis. (Lasiurus) 592, 593, 594
borealis. (Vespertilio) 591, 592
boquetensis. (Sciurus) 94, 99, 100
borucae. (Sigmodon) 224
borucae. (Sigmodon h.)
222, 223, 224, 225, 232
Bovidae 83
boylii. (Hesperomys) 195
boylii. (Peromyscus) 173, 195
brachycium. (Phocaena) 48
brachyotum. (Hemiderma) 669
Brachyotus 571
Brachyphylla 688
Brachyphylla cavernarum.688, 689, 690
Brachyphylla nana 689. 690, 691
brachypterus. (Globicephalus) . . .
• -52.53,54
Brachysorex 555
brachyurus. (Capromys) 393
Bradypodidae 19
Bradypus 21
Bradypus castaneiceps 22, 23
Bradypus didactylus 19
Bradypus griseus 23, 24
Bradypus infuscatus 22, 23
Bradypus tridactylus 21
brasiliensis. (Felis) 449
brasiliensis. (Nyctinomus) 630
brevicauda. (Zygodontomys) .... 254
PAGE.
brevicaudum. (Hemiderma) 669
brevicaudum. (Phyllostoma) .667, 668
brevicaudus. (Sorex) 555
breviceps. (Cogia) 46
breviceps. (Physeter) 46
brevimanus. (Chilonatalis) ...635,636 brevinasus. (Perognathus p.) . 353, 355 brochus. (Synthetosciurus) ....91,92 browni. (Capromys) . ...390,393,394
bro\vni. (Sciurus) 94, 99, 100
brunneus. (Peromyscus m.). .172,176
bryanti. (Neotoma) 277. 280
bryanti. (Perognathus s.) . . . .357, 364
buccatus. (Citellus) 149
bulbivorus. (Thomomys) 332
bullaris. (Tylomys) 217, 219
bullata. (Nasua n.) 495, 497, 498
bullatus. (Peromyscus) 173, 193
bulleri. (Geomys) 320
bulleri. (Heteromys) 369, 370
bulleri. (Macrotus) 654
bulleri. (Oryzomys) 234. 239
bulleri. (Otopterus) 652, 654
bulleri. (Pappogeomys) .320,321,322
bulleri. (Tamias) 135, 136, 137
burrus. (Proechinomys) 385. 388
Cabassous 31
Cabassous centralis 3 1 , 32
Cabassous c. hispidus 32
Cabassous novemcinctus 34
cacabatus. (Peromyscus) .... 175. 211
Cachicamus 32
cacomitli (Felis j.) 445, 451, 452
caecus. (Nyctinomops) 627
cagottis (Canis) . . . .465, 466, 468, 469
calcaratum. (Hemiderma) 669
californiana. (Otaria) 539
californianus. (Zalophus) . . . .539, 540
californica. (Didelphys) 15
californica. (Felis r.) 456, 458
californica. (Lynx r.) 458
californica. (Neotoma) 284
californicus. (Cariacus) 77
californicus. (Lepus)
• -431. 436. 437. 438- 439
californicus (Macrotus) 653
californicus. (Microtus) 302
californicus. (Mus) 203
californicus. (Myotis)
572.576.577.578,579
782
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE. californicus. (Odontoccelus h.) . . .
69,76,77,78
californicus. (Otopterus) 652,653,654 californicus. (Peromyscus)
174, 201, 203
californicus. (Scapanus) 565
californicus. (Urocyon c.) . . . .475, 477
californicus. (Vespertilio) 578
caliginosus. (Hesperomys) 253
callida. (Dasyprocta) 405, 406
Callitrichidae 723
Callospermophilus 139, 140, 147
Callospermophilus madrensis 147
callotis. (Lepus) 431, 432, 433
Calocephalus 541
Calomys 170
Caluromys 9
Caluromys alstoni 9
Caluromys cinerea 9
Caluromys derbianus 9, i o
Caluromys laniger pallidus 9, 10
Campicola 299
canadensis. (Lutra) 536
canaster. (Galictis) 526
canaster. (Grison).. .524, 526, 527, 528 cancrivorus. (Procyon) . . 490, 492, 493
cancrivorus. (Ursus) 492
canescens. (Marmosa) 5, 6, 8
canescens. (Micoureus) 6
canescens. (Neotoma) 281
canescens. (Perognathus n.) .357,365
caniceps. (Sciurus) 93
Canidae 463, 464
canina. (Peropteryx) 613, 614
Caninae 464
caninus. (Vespertilio) 613, 614
Canis 464
Canis cagottis 465, 466, 468, 469
Canis cinereo-argenteus 474
Canis clepticus 465, 467
Canis estor 465, 469, 470
Canis familiaris 464
Canis impavidus 465, 468
Canis latrans 470
Canis lestes 465
Canis mearnsi 465, 468, 470
Canis mexicanus 465, 470, 471
Canis microdon 465, 469
Canis ochropus 465, 466, 469
Canis peninsulae 465, 466, 467
Canis vigilis 465, 467
PAGE. Canis vulpes ................... 471
canus. (Heteromys) ......... 374, 375
canus. (Liomys) ............... 375
canus. (Odontoccelus h.) ...... 69, 78
canus. (Onychomys t.) ......... 742
capistratus. (Sciurus) .......... 107
Capromyinae ................ 382, 388
Capromys .......... 382, 388, 389, 393
Capromys brachyurus ........... 393
Capromys browni ........ 390, 393, 394
Capromys elegans ............ 390, 392
Capromys fournieri .......... 389, 390
Capromys ingrahami ......... 390, 394
Capromys melanurus ......... 390, 391
Capromys pilorides .......... 389, 390
Capromys prehensilis ...... 390, 391, 392
Capromys p. gundlachi ....... 390, 392
Capromys quemi ............... 390
Capromys thoracatus ......... 390, 394
Cariacus ....................... 68
Cariacus h. californicus .......... 77
Carnivora ................... 441,478
carolii. (Myotis) ............... 580
carolinensis. (Sciurus) ..........
............. 107, 108, 109, no, 125
carolinensis. (Vespertilio) ....... 587
Carollia ........................ 667
Carollia castaneum .............. 670
carpolegus. (Artibeus) ...... 693, 694
carrikeri. (Felis) ............ 445, 448
castaneiceps. (Arctopithecus) ... 22 castaneiceps. (Bradypus) ...... 22, 23
castaneum. (Carollia) ........... 670
castaneum. (Hemiderma) . . . .668, 670
castaneus. (Peromyscus t.) . .172,177 castanops. (Cratogeomys) ......
castanops. (Pseudostoma) ...... 315
Castor ......................... 159
Castor c. frondator ....... 159, 160, 161
Castor fiber .................... 159
Castor zibethicus ............... 307
Castoridae ...................... 159
Cateorus ....................... 586
catus. (Felis) ................. 443
caucas. (Didelphys c.) .......... 18
caucae. (Didelphys m.) ........ 14, 18
caudatus. (Centetes) ........... 565
caudatus. (Oryzomys c.) ... .234, 238
caudatus. (Sorex) ............. 553
caudifer. (Glossophaga) ........ 672
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
783
PAGE.
caudivolvula. (Viverra) 499
cavator. (Macrogeomys) 328, 329
cavernarum. (Brachyphylla) ....
688,689,690
Cavia cristata 407
cavirostris. (Ziphius) 47
Cebidae 725
Cebinae 732
Cebus 725.735
Cebus hypoleucus 735, 736, 737
Cebus imitator 736, 737
cecilii. (Peromyscus) 172, 178
cedrosensis. (Peromyscus) ...173,185
Centetes caudatus 565
Centetidae 565
centralis. (Cabassous) 31.32
centralis. (Diphylla) 720, 721
centralis. (Echinomys) 386
centralis. (Felis o.) 444, 446
centralis. (Proechinomys)
385.386,387
centralis. (Tatua) 32
Centronycteris 610
Centurio 691,716
Centurio flavogularis 717
Centurio macmurtri 717
Centurio mexicanus 717
Centurio minor 717
Centurio senex 716, 717
Centurioninae 716
Cercolabes '. 400
Cercolabes pallidum 401
Cercoleptes 499
cerrosensis. (Lepus) 428
cerrosensis. (Odontocoelus) ... .69, 76
Cervaria 443
cervicalis. (Sciurus p.) . . .96, 114, 119
cervicalis. (Sciurus w.) 119
Cervidas 68
cervina. (Ovis) 86
Cervinae 68
cervinus. (Thomomys) . .334, 339, 340
Cervus acapulcensis 74
Cervus americanus 68
Cervus a. couesi 70
Cervus hemionus 76
Cervus lichtensteini 72
Cervus mexicanus 72
Cervus nemoralis 74
Cervus rufinus 79
Cervus sartori . . 80
PAGE.
Cervus toltecus 74
Cetacea 38
Cetoptera 42
Chastodipus 352, 356, 368
chapmani. (Dipodomys) 350
chapmani. (Lepus f.) 417
chapmani. (Marmosa) 4
chapmani. (Oryzomys)
• -234. 237. 238,239
chapmani. (Perodipus) 349, 350
chati. (Felis) 440
cherrii. (Geomys) 330
cherrii. (Hesperomys) 183
cherrii. (Macrogeomys).. .327, 328, 330
cherrii. (Oryzomys) 252, 253
cherrii. (Peromyscus) . . .172, 183, 267
cherrii. (Zygodontomys) 252, 253
chiapensis. (Lepus f.) 744
chiapensis. (Sciurus g.) . . .98, 114, 125
childi. (Oryzomys) 244
chilense. (Sturnira) 715
Chilonatalis 635
Chilonatalis brevimanus 635, 636
Chilonatalis micropus . . . .635, 636, 637
Chilonatalis tumidifrons 635, 637
Chilonycteris 639, 644
Chilonycteris boothi . . 640, 641 , 642, 643
Chilonycteris d. fulvus 646
Chilonycteris fuliginosa 641
Chilonycteris grisea 641
Chilonycteris macleayi . . .639, 640, 641
Chilonycteris m. fuliginosa 748
Chilonycteris m. grisea 747
Chilonycteris m. inflata 747
Chilonycteris mexicana 641, 644
Chilonycteris osburni 642
Chilonycteris parnelli 640, 642
Chilonycteris personata 640, 641
Chilonycteris portoricensis 641 643
Chilonycteris psilotis 640. 642
Chilonycteris quadridens 641
Chilonycteris rubiginosa. . . 641 , 643, 644
Chilotus 299
Chincha 507
chiriquensis. (Myotis) 572. 576
chiriquensis. (Potos f.) 499. 5°x
chiriquensis. (Sciurus ae.) .94, 103, 104
chiriquensis. (Sigmodon b.) 225
chiriquensis. (Sigmodon h.) ..222,225 chiriquinus. (Proechinomys c.) ..
385-387
784
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
Chiroderma 710
Chiroderma salvini ?io, 711, 712
Chiroderma villosum 710
Chironectes 2
Chironectes guianensis '3
Chironectes memina 3
Chironectes minimus 1,2,3
Chironectes palmata 3
Chironectes paraguensis 3
Chironectes sarcovienna 3
Chironectes variegatus 3
Chironectes yapock 3
Chiroptera 569
Choeronycteris 670, 673, 683
Choeronycteris godmani 673, 674
Choeronycteris mexicana 673, 674
Choeronycteris minor 673, 674
Choeronycteris peruana 682
Cholcepus 19
Cholcepus hoffmanni 20, 2 1
Chrotopterus 656
Chrotopterus auritus 656, 657, 658
chrysocoma. (Sturnira) 715
chrysomelas. (Oryzomys) ....... 253
chrysomelas. (Zygodontomys) . . . 253
chrysonotis. (Myotis) 574
chrysopsis. (Rhithrodontomys) . .
258, 265, 266
Chrysothrix 730
Chrysothrix cerstedi 731
chrysurus. (Myoxus) 383
ciliolabrum. (Myotis c.) 580
cinerascens. (Lepus) . . . .428, 429, 430
cinerea. (Blarina) 559
cinerea. (Caluromys) 9
cinerea. (Didelphys) 7
cinerea. (Marmosa) 5,7
cinereo-argenteus. (Canis) 474
cinereo-argenteus. (Urocyon) .477, 478
cinereum. (Dermanura) 699, 700
cinereus. (Desmodus) 718
cinereus. (Lasiurus) 592, 594, 595
cinereus. (Rhithrodontomys s.) . .
257, 262
cinereus. (Vespertilio) ; 595
cineritius. (Peromyscus) 173, 195
cinnamomea. (Lobostoma b.) .... 649 cinnamomea. (Mormops b.) ..647,649 cinnamomeus. (Pipistrellus) . .582, 585
cirrhosus. (Trachyops) 664, 665
cirrhosus. (Vampyrus) 664, 665
PAGE.
Citellus 138, 139
Citellus adocetus 141, 152
Citellus annulatus 141, 151, 152
Citellus a. goldmani 141, 151
Citellus buccatus 149
Citellus couchi 149
Citellus cryptospilotus 144
Citellus elegans 145
Citellus harrisi 140, 141, 142, 143
Citellus h. saxicola 139, 140, 142
Citellus interpres 140, 143
Citellus lateralis 147
Citellus leucurus 140, 142, 143
Citellus 1. peninsulae 140, 141, 143
Citellus macrourus 149
Citellus madrensis 140, 147
Citellus mexicanus 140, 145, 146
Citellus m. parvidens 140, 146
Citellus perotensis 140, 145
Citellus spilosoma 140, 145
Citellus s. microspilotus . .140, 144, 145
Citellus tereticaudus 140, 144
Citellus t. sonoriensis 140, 144
Citellus variegatus 141, 148, 149
Citellus v. atricapillus 141, 150
Citellus v. beecheyi 150
Citellus v. fisheri 141, 150
Citellus v. grammurus .... 141, 149, 150
Citellus v. rupestris 141, 150
citellus. (Mus) 139
Citillus 139
Citillus mexicanus 146
clarkii. (Cratogeomys) 315
clavatus. (Odontoccelus) 73
dementis. (Peromyscus t.)
173. *83, 187
clepticus. (Canis) 465, 467
clinedaphus. (Monophyllus) ..676,678
clusius. (Thomomys) 340
Clymene 57
Clymenia 57
cnecus. (Perognathus) 357, 362
Cnephaeus 585
cocos. (Sciurus s.) ... .95, 96, 114, 124
Ccelogenus 408
Coendu 399
Coendu laenatum 400, 402
Coendu mexicanum 400, 401, 402
Coendu m. yucataniae 400, 402
Coendu novae-hispanias 402
Coendu pallidum 400, 401
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
Coendu prehensilis 402
Coendu rothschildi 400, 401
Cogia 46
Cogia breviceps 46
coibae. (Daysprocta) 405, 407
coibensis. (Alouatta p.) 726, 727
colimae. (Rhithrodontomys)
258, 266, 267
colimensis. (Sciurus a.) 1 20
colimensis. (Sciurus p.) . . .95, 114, 119
colimensis. (Sciurus w.) 120
collaei. (Sciurus)
97, 109 114, 121, 122, 123, 129
Colobotis 139
Comastes . . , 571
communis. (Phocaena) 48
communis. (Tursiops) 56
compressicauda. (Tursiops) 56
comptus. (Peromyscus) 174, 206
concinna. (Myotis) 575
concolor. (Mephitis) 512
Conepatus 512
Conepatus filipensis 514, 517
Conepatus humboldti 512
Conepatus leuconotus 5 J 4- 5*5
Conepatus 1. texensis 514, 515
Conepatus mapurito 516
Conepatus mesoleucus .... 514, 515, 516 Conepatus m. mearnsi . . . .513, 514, 516
Conepatus pediculus 514, 517
Conepatus sonoriensis 514
Conepatus tropicalis 514, 517, 518
confinis. (Lepus a.) 417, 424
connectens. (Lepus f.) 743
consobrinus. (Peromyscus m.) 1 74, 202
convexum. (Uroderma) 697, 698
coolidgii. (Peromyscus t.) ...173,187
Corsira tropicalis 559
coryi. (Artibeus) 692, 693
Corynorhinus 602, 603
Corynorhinus macrotis . . .603, 604, 605 Corynorhinus m. pallescens. . . .603, 604 Corynorhinus m. townsendi . . .603, 604
costaricensis. (Felis) 448
costaricensis. (Felis b.) 456
costaricensis. (Macrogeomys) 328, 330 costaricensis. (Odontocoelus) ...69,73 costaricensis. (Oryzomys)
-233.235.249,25° costaricensis. (Rhithrodontomys)
258, 267,268
PAGE.
couchi. (Citellus) 149
couesi. (Cervus a.) 70
couesi. (Hesperomys) 236
couesi. (Odontocoelus a.) ...69,70,71 couesi. (Oryzomys) .234,236,239,247
coypu. (Myocaster) 382
cozumelae. (Didelphys y.) 14, 15
cozumelae. (Oryzomys) 234,241
coznmelae. (Peromyscus) ....172,181
crassidens. (Phocaena) 51
crassidens. (Pseudorca) 51
crassum. (Tagassu a.) 62, 64
crassum. (Tayassu a.) 64
Cratogeomys 3°9. 311. 320
Cratogeomys castanops
3'2. 3i3. 315, 316
Cratogeomys c. goldmani 313, 316
Cratogeomys clarkii 315
Cratogeomys estor 312, 314
Cratogeomys fulvescens 312, 316
Cratogeomys merriami 312, 313
Cratogeomys oreocetes 3 J 3. 3*4
Cratogeomys peregrinus 313, 314
Cratogeomys perotensis. . .312, 313, 314
crawfordi. (Notiosorex) 554» 555
crawfordi. (Sorex) 554
cremnobates. (Ovis c.) 84, 85
creper. (Rhithrodontomys) ..258,272
crepuscularis. (Nycticeius) 598
Cricetodipus 352
crinitus. (Oryzomys) 235, 245
crispus. (Heteromys) 375- 380
crispus. (Liomys) 380
crispus. (Tamandua) 27
cristata. (Cavia) 407
cristata. (Dasyprocta) 405. 407
cristatus. (Echinomys) 383
cristobalensis. (Peromyscus z.) . .
175-209
crusnigrum. (Tagassu) 62, 65
crusnigrum. (Tayassu) 65
cryptospilotus. (Citellus) 144
Cryptotis 556, 557
cubanus. (Monophyllus) 676, 678
cubanus. (Nycticeius h.) .... 598, 599
cubanus. (Solenodon) 566, 567
cubensis. (Scotophilus f.) 588
cubensis. (Vespertilio f.) 587, 588
Cuica 5
cumulator. (Neotoma) 277, 280
curvirostris. (Delphinus) 55
786
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
Cutia 403
Cuvierius 42
Cyclopes 24
Cyclopes dorsalis 25, 26
Cyclothurus 25
Cyclothurus dorsalis 25
cymodice. (Tursiops) 56
Cynailurus jubatus 441
Cynomyanax — see Cynomyonax . . 530
Cynomys 153
Cynomys arizonensis 153, 154
Cynomys griseus 155
Cynomys gunnisoni 153, 156
Cynomys latrans 155
Cynomys ludovicianus
153. i54, i55,iS6
Cynomys mexicamis 153, 156
Cynomys missouriensis 155
Cynomys socialis 155
Cystophorinae 545
Dama 68
Dama rothschildi 72
Danis 479
Dasynotus 368
Dasypodidse 31
Dasypodinas 31
Dasyprocta 403
Dasyprocta antillensis 407
Dasyprocta callida 40 5, 406
Dasyprocta coibae 405, 407
Dasyprocta cristata 405, 407
Dasyprocta isthmica 405, 406, 407
Dasyprocta mexicana 404, 405
Dasyprocta punctata 403
Dasyprocta ruatanica 405
Dasypterus 595
Dasypterus ega 597
Dasypterus e. panamensis 595, 597
Dasypterus e. xanthinus ..595,596, 597
Dasypterus intermedius 595, 5 96
Dasypus novemcinctum 33
Dasypus novemcinctus 32
Dasypus unicinctus 31
davidsoni. (Balaenoptera) 42
davyi. (Dermonotus) . . . .644, 645, 646
davyi. (Pteronotus) 644
Declidurus 614
Declidurus albus 614, 615
Declidurus f reyreissii 615
Declidurus virgo 615
PAGE.
decolorus. (Nyctomys) 215, 216
decolorus. (Sitomys) 216
decumanus. (Mus) 164
deductor. (Delphinus) 52
deductor. (Globicephalus) 52
Delphinapterinae . . . .* 48
Delphinidae 47, 48
Delphinus 54
Delphinus albrinanus 55
Delphinus algeriensis 55
Delphinus bairdi 55
Delphinus batteatus 55
Delphinus curvirostris 55
Delphinus deductor 52
Delphinus delphis 54
Delphinus forsteri 55
Delphinus fulvo-fasciatus 54
Delphinus fuscus 55
Delphinus gladiator 51
Delphinus janira 55
Delphinus longirostris 58
Delphinus major 55
Delphinus marginatus 55
Delphinus melas 52
Delphinus microps 55
Delphinus moorii 55
Delphinus moschatus 55
Delphinus novae-zelandias 55
Delphinus orca 50, 51
Delphinus phoca?na 48
Delphinus plagiodon 58
Delphinus pomeegra 55
Delphinus sowerbianus 55
Delphinus tursio 55, 56
Delphinus variegatus 55
Delphinus walkeri 55
delphis. (Delphinus) 54
deppii. (Sciurus) 94, 101, 102
depressus. (Nyctinomops) . . .625, 627
depressus. (Nyctinomus) 627
derbianus. (Caluromys) 9, 10
derbianus. (Didelphys) 9
Dermanura 699
Dermanura cinereum 699, 700
Dermanura eva 697
Dermanura phaeotis 699
Dermanura quadrivittatum 701
Dermonotus 644
Dermonotus davyi 644, 645, 646
Dermonotus d. fulvus 646
deserti. (Dipodomys) . . .343, 345, 347
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
787
PAGE.
deserti. (Rhithrodontomys) 259
deserticola. (Hesperomys 1.) .... 188
deserticola. (Lepus t.) 431, 437
deserticola. (Peromyscus a.) .... 188 deserticola. (Peromyscus t.) .173,188 desmaresti. (Moschophoromys) . .
250,251
desmaresti. (Mus) 250
desmarestianus. (Heteromys) 369, 372
destructor. (Pseudorca) 51
Desmodontinae 718
Desmodus 718
Desmodus cinereus 718
Desmodus d'orbignyi 718
Desmodus fuscus 719
Desmodus murinus 719
Desmodus rotundus 7*8, 719
Desmodus rufus 718, 719
devius. (Oryzomys) 235, 244
diazi. (Lepus) 412
diazi. (Romerolagus) 412
Dicotyles 62, 65
Dicotyles angulatum 63
Dicotyles a. sonoriense 64
Dicotyles tajacu 63
Dicranocerus 81
Didactyla 25
didactyla. (Myrmecophaga) 24
Didactyles 25
didactylus. (Bradypus) 19
Didelphyidae I
Didelphys 2, 13, 14
Didelphys aurita 17
Didelphys californica 15
Didelphys carcinophaga caucae ... 18
Didelphys cinerea 7
Didelphys derbianus 9
Didelphys marsupialis 14
Didelphys m. battyi 14, 17
Didelphys m. caucae 14, 18
Didelphys m. etensis 14, 1 8
Didelphys m. insularis 14, 17
Didelphys mesamericana .14, 15, 16, 17
Didelphys m. tabascensis 14, 1 6
Didelphys m. texensis 14, 1 6
Didelphys murina 4,5
Didelphys nudicaudata 1 1 , 12
Didelphys philander 9
Didelphys richmondi 14. 16
Didelphys yucatanensis 14, 1 5
Didelphys y. cozumelae 14, 15
PAGE.
difficilis. (Peromyscus)
• -173. J93. 194, 205 difficilis. (Rhithrodontomys) .257, 263
difficilis. (Vesperimus) 193
dilution (Oryzomys c.) 234, 238
Dinops 628
Dionyx 25
Diphylla 720
Diphylla centralis 720, 721
Diphylla ecaudata 720, 721
Diplostoma 332
Dipodomus 349
Dipodomyinae 341, 352
Dipodomys 341, 348
Dipodomys agilis 349. 35 l
Dipodomys chapmani 350
Dipodomys deserti 343, 345, 347
Dipodomys hermanni 351
Dipodomys merriami
••343-345,346,347.348
Dipodomys m. ambiguus 343, 346
Dipodomys m. arenivagus . . . .343, 347
Dipodomys m. atronasus 343, 348
Dipodomys m. melanurus 343, 348
Dipodomys m. parvus 343, 346
Dipodomys m. simiolus . . .343, 344, 347
Dipodomys mitchelli 343, 344
Dipodomys ordi 350
Dipodomys ornatus 343, 344
Dipodomys perotensis 343, 344
Dipodomys phillipsi ..341, 342, 343. 344
Dipodomys similis 347
Dipodomys spectabilis 343, 345
Dipodomys wagneri 351
Dipodops 349
Dipodops o. palmeri 350
discifera. (Hyonycteris) 637
discifera. (Thyroptera) 637, 638
distincta. (Neotoma) 277, 278
dolichocephalus. (Macrogeomys) .
328,329
dominicensis. (Myotis) 572, 576
d'orbignyi. (Desmodus) 718
Dorcelaphus 68
Dorcelaphus a. texensis 70
Dorcelaphus h. eremicus 77
doreides. (Prodelphinus) 58
dorsalis. (Cyclopes) 25, 26
dorsalis. (Cyclothurus) 25
dorsalis. (Rhithrodontomys) .258,272 dorsalis. (Sciurus a.) 96, 97, 98, 114, 127
788
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
dorsalis. (Tamias) 135
dorsatum. (Erithizon) 398
dorsatus. (Hystrix) 397
dorsatus. (Noctilio) 617
douglasi. (Lepus) 415
dowi. (Elasmognathus) 88
dowi. (Tapirella) 87, 88
dubius. (Peromyscus) 172, 181
dugong. (Halicore) 36
durangas. (Eutamias) 137
durangae. (Lepus) 417, 424
durangae. (Myotis c.) 5 7 2, 579
durangas. (Neotoma i.) 278, 285
durangae. (Tamias) 135, 137
durangi. (Sciurus) 97, 112
dutertreus. (Vespertilio) '. 588
Dysopes 619, 628
Dysopes abrasus 623
Dysopes glaucinus : . . . 624
Dysopes gracilis 626
ecaudata. (Anura) 682
ecaudata. (Diphylla) 720, 721
ecaudatus. (Rhinolophus) 718
Echimys (sic) 385
Echimys! trinitatis 385
Echinomys centralis • • • • 386
Echinomys cristatus 383
Echinomys semispinosus 386
Echinoprocta 397
Echinosciurus 91, 94, 113
Echinothrix 397
Ectophylla 709
Ectophylla alba 709, 710
Edentata 19
edwardsi. (Lepus) 438
effugius. (Sciurus a.) 120
effugius. (Sciurus p.) 96, 114, 120
effugius. (Sciurus w.) 120
ega. (Dasypterus) 597
Elasmognathus 87
Elasmognathus bairdi 87
Elasmognathus dowi 88
elegans. (Capromys) 390, 392
elegans. (Citellus) 145
elegans. (Felis) 449
elongata. (Micronycteris) 662
Emballonuridae 608
Emballonurinae 608
Enhydra 537
Enhydris 537
PAGE.
entomophaga. (Saimiri) 731
epixanthum. (Erethizon) 397, 398, 399
Eptesicus 585
Eptesicus f. bernardinus 589
eremica. (Felis r.) 456, 458
eremica. (Lynx r.) 458
eremicoides. (Peromyscus a.) 173,192 eremicus. (Dorcelaphus h.) ..... 75
eremicus. (Hesperomys) 191
eremicus. (Lepus t.) ... .431, 435, 436 eremicus. (Odontocoelus h.) .. . .69, 77 eremicus. (Perognathus p.) . .357, 359 eremicus. (Peromyscus)
173. iQit !92, J93. *99
eremicus. (Sigmodon h.) 224, 227
Eremiomys 299
Erethizon 396, 397
Erethizon dorsatum 398
Erethizon epixanthum . . .397, 398, 399
Erethizon pilosus 397
Erethizontidae 397
Erethizontinae 397
Erignathus 541
erythromos. (Sturnira) 715
escuinapae. (Felis r.) 456
estor. (Canis) 465,469,470
estor. (Cratogeomys) 312, 314
estor. (Mephitis) 507, 509
etensis. (Didelphys m.) 14, 18
Euarctos 479, 481
Eucervus 68
Eucritus 397
Eudelphinus 54
Euotaria 543
euphrosinoides. (Prodelphinur) . . 59
euphrosyne. (Prodelphinus) 58
Euprocyon 490, 492
europs. (Nyctinomops) 626
europasus. (Orcinus) 51
eurynome. (Tursiops) 56
Eurypterna 25
Eutamias 134
Eutamias durangas 137
eva. (Artibeus) 693, 697
eva. (Dermanura) 697
eva. (Peromyscus) 174, 198
evides. (Peromyscus s.) 172, 179
evotis. (Myotis) 572, 574, 575, 579, 580
evotis. (Myotis a.) 572
evotis. (Notiosorex c.) 554, 555
evotis. (Sorex c.) 555
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
789
PAGE.
evotis. (Vespertilio) 574
excisum. (Sturnira) 715
exiguus. (Heteromys) 374- 377
exiguus. (Peromyscus) 172, 183
exilis. (Myotis) 578
eyra. (Felis).. -445-453
falcatum. (Phyllops) 708
falcatus. (Artibeus) 707, 708
Falcifer 29
fallax. (Artibeus) 695
fallax. (Perognathus) ... .357, 366, 367
familiaris. (Canis) 464
fasciatus. (Perognathus) 352
Felidce 442
felipensis. (Conepatus) 514, 517
felipensis. (Neotoma b.) 278, 286
felipensis. (Peromyscus) 174, 205
Felis 443
Felis albescens 447
Felis apache 454
Felis bangsi 456
Felis bangsi costaricensis 456
Felis brasiliensis 449
Felis carrikeri 445, 448
Felis catus 443
Felis chati 449
Felis concolor oregonensis 454
Felis costaricensis 448
Felis elegans 449
Felis eyra... ...445,453
Felis e. apache 445, 453
Felis fossata 445, 453
Felis goeffroyi 450
Felis glaucula 445, 450
Felis hippolestes 454
Felis h. aztecus 454, 455
Felis jaguarondi . 444, 445- 45*, 452
Felis j. cacomitli 445, 451, 452
Felis j. tolteca 445, 452
Felis limitis 447, 448
Felis macroura 449
Felis mitis 449
Felis olympus 454
Felis onca 445, 446
Felis o. centralis 444, 446
Felis o. hernandezi 444, 446, 447
Felis o. goldmani 444, 447
Felis panamensis 445, 452
Felis pardalis 445, 447, 448
Felis p. mearnsi 445, 448
PAGE.
Felis pardinoides 450
Felis p. oncilla 445, 450
Felis peninsularis 456, 460
Felis rufa 460
Felis r. baileyi 456, 457, 459
Felis r. californica 456, 458
Felis r. eremica 456, 458
Felis r. escuinapae 456
Felis r. maculata 458
Felis r. texensis 456, 458
Felis tigrina 445 > 449, 45°
femoralis. (Perognathus) . . . .358, 367 femorosaccus. (Nyctinomus) .625,626
fenestratum. (Tatu m.) 33
ferox. (Promops) 624
ferruginea. (Neotoma) 277,280
ferrugineiventris. (Sciurus) 115
festinus. (Lepus) 746
Fiber 306, 307
Fiber z. pallidus 307, 308
fiber. (Castor) 159
fisheri. (Citellus v.) 141, 150
fisheri. (Spermophilus v.) 150
flaccidus. (Peromyscus t.) . . .173, 187
flavescens. (Sternoderma) 707
flavidus. (Megadontomys) . . .212, 214
flavigularis. (Lepus) 431
flavogularis. (Centurio) 717
flavus. (Bassariscus a.) 484, 485
flavus. (Perognathus) . . .353, 354, 355
flavus. (Potos) 500, 501
floridana. (Neotoma) 276
floridanus. (Lepus) 418, 420, 421
floridanus. (Peromyscus) 179
floweri. (Physeter) 46
flu via til is. (Trichechus) 37
forsteri. (Delphinus) 55
fossata. (Felis) 445, 453
fossor. (Blarina) 557, 562
fossor. (Sciurus) 130
fournieri. (Capromys) 389, 390
frantzii. (Lasiurus) 594
fraterculus. (Urocyon c.)-474, 475, 476
fraterculus. (Peromyscus)
. .172,184,185
fraterculus. (Vesperimus) 184
frenata. (Mustela) 532
frenatus. (Putorius)
• -53°. 53*. 532, 533.534
freyreissii. (Declidurus) 615
frondator. (Castor c.) ... 159, 160, 161
790
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
frontatus. (Ateles) 733
frumentor. (Sciurus a.) . . .95, 1 14, 1 17
fulgens. (Oryzomys) 234, 240
fuliginosa. (Chilonycteris) 641
fuliginosa. (Chilonycteris m.) . . . 748
fuliginosus. (Ateles) 733
fuliginosus. (Molossus) 620
fuliginosus. (Trachyops) 664, 665
fulvescens. (Cratogeomys) ...312,316
fulvescens. (Hesperomys) 248
fulvescens. (Oryzomys) 235, 248
fulvescens. (Rhithrodontomys m.)
257, 264, 265
fulvi venter. (Marmosa) 5,8
fulvi venter. (Microtus) 301
fulvi venter. (Neotoma) . .278, 286, 288
fulviventer. (Sigmodon) 224, 232
fulvo-fasciatus. (Delphinus) 54
fulvus. (Chilonycteris d.) 646
fulvus. (Dermonotus d.) 646
fulvus. (Geoniys) 334
fulvus. (Peromyscus 1.) 172, 183
fulvus. (Peromyscus s.) 183
fulvus. (Thomomys)
333, 334, 335- 33$. 337- 33$
fumarius. (Molossus) 620
fumarius. (Promops) 621
fumosus. (Platygeomys) 318
fumosus. (Geomys) 318
funebris. (Lasiurus) 593
furvus. (Peromyscus) ...171,174,208
furvus. (Sigmodon h.) 223,225
fuscipes. (Neotoma) . ...277,278,279 fuscogriseus. (Metachirus) . .11, 12, 13
fuscovariegatus. (Sciurus) 128
fuscus. (Delphinus) 55
fuscus. (Desmodus) 719
fuscus. (Vespertilio)
586,587,588,589,590
gabbi. (Bassaricyon) ....487,488,489
gabbi. (Lepus) 426, 427, 428
gadovi. (Peromyscus 1.) 174, 201
gaillardi. (Lepus) 431, 433
Gale 530
Galemys 556
Galeopithecus 547
Galera 524
Galictis 524, 526
Galictis allamandi 526
Galictis b. biologia? 524
PAGE.
Galictis b. senex 525
Galictis canaster 526
Galidictis 524
gambeli. (Peromyscus) 187
gaumeri. (Adelonycteris) 590
gaumeri. (Heteromys) . .368, 369, 371
gaumeri. (Vespertilio) 587, 590
gaurus. (Peromyscus) ... 174, 199, 200 gentilis. (Peromyscus g.) ... .174, 197
Genyscaslus • 408
Geocapromys 389, 393
geoffroyi. (Anura) 68 1, 682
geoffroyi. (Ateles) 733
geoffroyi. (Felis) 450
geoffroyi. (Hapale) 724
geoffroyi. (Midas) 723, 724
Geomyidae 309, 312, 341
Geomys 309,310,320, 331
Geomys arenarius 310, 311
Geomys bulleri 320
Geomys cherrii 330
Geomys fulvus 334
Geomys fumosus 318
Geomys grandis ........ 322
Geomys gymnurus 316,318
Geomys heterodus 326, 328
Geomys hispidus 325
Geomys merriami 311,313
Geomys pinetis 310
Geomys scalops 322, 324
gerominensis. (Peromyscus) . .172, 181
geronimensis. (Phoca r.) 542
gibbar. (Bala^noptera) 42
gigas. (Hydrodamalis) 35
gigas. (Notiosorex) 554, 555
gilberti. (Peromyscus) 195
gilberti. (Sitomys) 195
gillespii. (Otaria) 539
gillespii. (Zalophus) 539
gilli. (Tursiops) 56
glacialis. (Balaena) 39
gladiator. (Delphinus) 51
gladiator. (Orcinus) 51
gluacinus. (Dysopes) 624
glaucinus. (Promops)
621, 622, 623, 624
glaucula. (Felis) 445, 450
glaucus. (Agaphelus) 40
glaucus. (Artibeus) 696
glaucus. (Rhachianectes) 40
Globicephala 52
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
791
PAGE.
Globicephalus 52
Globicephalus brachypterus . . 52, 53, 54
Globicephalus deductor 52
Globicephalus globiceps . .'. 52
Globicephalus incrassatus 53
Globicephalus intermedius 52
Globicephalus macrorhynchus .... 53
Globicephalus melas 47, 52, 53
Globicephalus scammoni 52, 54
globiceps. (GlobicephaUitO 52
Glossonycteris 68 1
Glossonycteris lasiopyga 682
Glossophaga 670, 675, 683, 684
Glossophaga amplexicaudata 672
Glossophaga caudifer 672
Glossophaga leachii 672
Glossophaga mutica 671
Glossophaga nigra 672
Glossophaga soricina 671, 672, 683
Glossophaga s. antillarum 671, 672
Glossophagae 670 673, 691
Glossophagina; 670
Glyphonycteris 663
Glyphonycteris sylvestris 663, 664
godmani. (Choeronycteris) ...673,674
godmani. (Sorex) 550, 552
goldmani. (Blarina m.) 557, 560
goldmani. (Citellus a.) 141, 151
goldmani. (Cratogeomys c.) ..313,316
goldmani. (Felis o.) 444, 447
goldmani. (Heteromys) 369, 373
goldmani. (Lepus) 745
goldmani. (Nelsonia) 290
goldmani. (Neotoma) 278, 288
goldmani. (Oryzomys) 235, 246
goldmani. (Perognathus) 357,365,366
goldmani. (Peromyscus) 172, 186
goldmani. (Putorius f.) S31. 533
goldmani. (Rhithrodontomys) . . .
258, 268
goldmani. (Sciurus) 97, 115, 130
goldmani. (Spermophilus) 151
goldmani. (Thomomyf) 334, 339
gracilis. (Dysopes) 626
gracilis. (Latax) 537
gracilis. (Nyctinomops) 625, 626
gracilis. (Rhithrodontomys m.) . .
258, 265
gracilis. (RhogOessa) 60 1 , 602
gracilis. (Spilogale) 521
grammurus. (Citellus v.) 141, 149, 150
PAGE. grammurus. (Sciurus) .......... 149
grammurus. (Spermophilus) .... 149
grandis. (Geomys) ............. 322
grandis. (Orthogeomys) ........ 322
gratus. (Peromyscus) . . . . ......
• -174, 195. J96» I97 grayi. (Hemiderma ............. 669
grayi. (Pseudorca) ............. 51
graysoni. (Lepus) .......... 417, 426
greenii. (Vespertilio) ........... 587
grisea. (Chilonycteris) .......... 641
grisea. (Chilonycteris m.) ....... 747
griseiflavus. (Macroxus) ........ 124
griseiflavus. (Rhithrodontomys) .
. .258,270 griseiflavus. (Sciurus) ..........
.......... 98, 108, no, 114, 124, 125
griseigena. (Sciurus) ........ 101, 104
griseigenys. (Sciurus) .......... 104
grisescens. (A teles) .......... 733, 734
griseus. (Bradypus) ........... 23, 24
griseus. (Cynomys) ............ 155
griseus. (Heteromys) ........ 369, 373
griseus. (Lepus t.) .......... 431,436
griseus. (Sciurus) ........ 97, 130, 131
Grison ........................ 524
Grison allamandi ............ 524, 526
Grison barbara .............. 524, 525
Grison b. biologiae .............. 524
Grison b. senex ................. 524
Grison canaster ...... 524, 526, 527, 528
Grison vittata .................. 526
Grisonia ....................... 524
Grymaeomys ................... 5
guatemalae. (Urocyon c.) ....... 475
guatemalensis. (Microtus) ...305,306 guatemalensis . (Peromyscus) .175,211 Guerlinguetus ............. 91, 93, 103
guianensis. (Chironectes) ........ 3
gundlachi. (Capromys p.) . . . .390, 392
gunnisoni. (Cynomys) ....... 153, 156
Gymnotis ...................... 68
gymnotis. (Peromyscus) ..... 173, 188
gymnurus. (Geomys) ....... 316, 318
gymnurus. (Platygeomys) .......
Gypsophoca .................... 543
Hasmatonycteris ................ 720
Halarctus ...................... 543
Halicore australis ............... 36
792
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
Halicore dugong 36
Halicore tabernaculi 36
Haliphilus 541
Hapale geoffroyi 724
Haplomylomys 170
harrisi. (Citellus) . . . 140, 141, 142, 143
harrisi. (Spermophilus) 141
hastatum. (Phyllostoma)
665,666,667
hastatus. (Vespertilio) 666
Heliophoca 542
helleri. (Perognathus) 357, 360
helleri. (Vampyrops) .. . .701, 702, 703 helvolus. (Rhithrodontomys g.) .
258, 270
Hemiderma 639, 667, 684
Hemiderma aztecum 669
Hemiderma bicolor 669
Hemiderma brachyotum 669
Hemiderma brevicaudum 669
Hemiderma calcaratum 669
Hemiderma castaneum 668, 670
Hemiderma grayi 669
Hemiderma lanceolatum 669
Hemiderma minor 669
Hemiderma perspicillatum
664, 668, 670
Hemiderma soricinus 669
Hemiderma verrucatum 669
hemionotis. (Peromyscus) . . .174, 199
hemiorms. (Cervus) 76
hemionus. (Odontocoelus)
69,76,77, 78
Hemiotomys 299
Hemiotomys mexicanus 301
henshawi. (Myotis) 578
hermanni. (Perodipus) 351
hermanni. (Sciurus) 130
hernandezi. (Felis) 446, 447
hernandezi. (Felis o.) 444, 446
hernandezi. (Procyon 1.) .490, 491, 497 hernandezi. (Sciurus p.)
95,96,114,118
hernandezi. (Sciurus a.) 118
Herpailurus 443
Herpestes 461
Herpestes mungo 462, 463
Herpestinas 461
Herpetomys 299, 300, 306
Hesperomys affinis 180
Hesperomys anthonyi 185
PAGE.
Hesperomys aztecus 184
Hesperomys boylii 195
Hesperomys caliginosus 253
Hesperomys cherrii 183
Hesperomys couesi 236
Hesperomys eremicus 191
Hesperomys fulvescens 248
Hesperomys 1. sonoriensis 181
Hesperomys melanophrys 201
Hesperomys mexicanus 207
Hesperomys nudicaudus 217
Hesperomys nudipes 198
Hesperomys sumichrasti 214,216
Hesperomys teguina 273
Hesperomys texensis 186
Hesperomys t. deserticola 188
Hesperomys toltecus 226
Hesperosciurus 91, 94, 130
hesperus. (Pipistrellus) ..582,583,584
hesperus. (Scotophilus) 582
heterodus. (Geomys) 326, 328
heterodus. (Macrogeomys) 328
Heterogeomys 310, 325
Heterogeomys hispidus 326
Heterogeomys torridus. . . .325, 326, 372
Heteromyidae 341
Heteromyinae 352
Heteromys 368, 369
Heteromys adspersus 369, 373
Heteromys albolimbatus 374, 375
Heteromys alleni 370. 374, 376
Heteromys annectens .369, 371
Heteromys bulleri 369, 370
Heteromys canus 374, 375
Heteromys crispus 375, 380
Heteromys c. setosus 375, 380
Heteromys desmarestianus . . . .369, 372
Heteromys exiguus 374, 377
Heteromys gaumeri 368, 369, 371
Heteromys goldmani 369, 373
Heteromys g. lepturus 369, 373
Heteromys griseus 369, 373
Heteromys heterothrix 375, 380
Heteromys hispidus 369, 371
Heteromys irroratus 369, 370
Heteromys longicaudatus .369, 370, 372
Heteromys nelsoni 381
Heteromys obscurus 375, 379
Heteromys orbitalis -••375. 3&°
Heteromys paralius 375, 381
Heteromys parviceps 375-378
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
793
PAGE.
Heteromys phaeura 375, 379
Heteromys pictus 375, 377, 378
Heteromys p. isthmius 375-378
Heteromys p. rostratus 375, 378
Heteromys plantinarensis 374, 377
Heteromys repens 369, 372
Heteromys salvini 369, 370
Heteromys s. nigresccns 369, 370
Heteromys sonorana 375- 379
Heteromys texensis 381
Heteromys torridus 374, 376, 377
Heteromys t. minor 374, 377
Heteromys versecrucis 375, 379
heterothrix. (Heteromys) .. . .375, 380
hippolestes. (Felis) 454
hirsutus. (Micron yc tens) 660,661,662 hirsutus. (Rhithrodontomys) ....
258, 269, 270
hirsutus. (Schizostoma) 66 1
hirtus. (Sciurus n.) ...96,98,114,121
hispidus. (Cabassous c.) 32
hispidus. (Geomys) 325
hispidus. (Heterogeomys) 326
hispidus. (Heteromys) 369, 371
hispidus. (Perognathus) .357,360,361 hispidus. (Sigmodon) ...222,228,232 Histiophorus (see Istiophorus) .... 664
Histiops 704
Hodomys 296
Hodomys alleni 296, 297
Hodomys vetulus 295, 297
hoffmanni. (Choleopus) 20, 2 1
hoffmanni. (Sciurus ae.)
94, 103, 104, 105
Holochilus 221
Holochilus pilorides 222
holosericeus. (Molossus) 619
holzneri. (Lepus f.) 417,419
holzneri. (Mephitis o.) 507, 508
homochroia. (Peromyscus) . . .174, 200
horriaeus. (Ursus) 479, 480
huachuca. (Sciurus a.). . . .95, 107, 109
humboldti. (Conepatus) 512
humerale. (Tagassu a.) 62, 63
humerale. (Tayassu a.) 63
humcralis. (Nycticeius) 598
humeralis. (Nycticejus) 599
humeralis. (Vespertilio) 597, 598
hybrida. (Tatu) 33
hybridus. (Ateles) 733
Hydrodamalis gigas 35
PAGE.
Hydrolagus 413
hylocetes. (Oryzomys) 234, 237
hylocetes. (Peromyscus) 174, 204
Hylonycteris 675
Hylonycteris underwoodi 675
Hyonycteris 637
Hyonycteris discifera 637
hyperythrus. (Microtus c.) 300, 301, 302
hypoleucus. (Cebus) 735, 736, 737
hypoleucus. (Simia) 736
hypopyrrhus. (Sciurus)
107, 115, 121, 126, 127, 128, 129
hypopyrrhus. (Sciurus a.)
96, 98, 114, 116
hypoxanthus. (Sciurus) 115
Hypsugo 582
Hypudaeus 165
Hypudaeus leucogaster 165
Hystrix dorsatus 397
Hystrix mexicanus 402
Hystrix prehensilis 399
ichneumon. (Viverra) 461
Icticyon venaticus 464
Ictidomys 139
Ictis 529
Ictonyx! 512
Ignavus 21
imitator. (Cebus) 736, 737
impavidus. (Canis) 465, 468
incitatus. (Lepus) 426, 428
incrassatus. (Globicephalus) .... 53 inexoratus. (Sigmodon h.) . . .224, 229 inexpectatus. (Rhithrodontomys)
258,271
inflata. (Chilonycteris m.) 747
infusca. (Balantiopteryx) 612
infusca. (Saccopteryx) 612
infusca. (Taxidea t.) 503, 505
infuscatus. (Bradypus) 22, 23
ingrahami. (Capromys) 390, 394
Insectivora 547
insignis. (Peromyscus) 174. 203
insolitus. (Lepus) 417, 421, 425
insonus. (Lepus) 743
insularis. (Didelphys m.) 14.17
insularis. (Lepus) 431, 438
insularis. (Marmosa) 5.7
insularis. (Procyon 1.) 490, 492
intermedia. (Neotoma)
278, 280, 284, 285
794
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
intermedius. (Artibeus) 693, 694
intermedius. (Dasypterus) . . .595, 596 intermedius. (Globicephalus) . . . . 52
intermedius. (Lasiurus) 595
intermedius. (Perognathus)
357.364,365
intermedius. (Rhithrodontomys m.)
257, 264
intermedius. (Sciurus) 127
intermedius. (Thomomys f.) .333,336
interpres. (Citellus) 140, 143
interpres. (Spermophilus) 143
interpres. (Tamias) 143
interrupta. (Mephitis) 519, 523
interrupta. (Spilogale)
5J9. 520- 522,523
inunguis. (Trichechus) 35
irazu. (Acodon) 273, 274
irroratus. (Heteromys) 369, 370
Ischnoglossa 679
Ischnoglossa nivalis 679
Istiophorus! 664
Isodon pilorides 389, 390
Isotus 571
isthmica. (Dasyprocta) . .405, 406, 407
isthmica. (Neotoma) 278, 287
isthmius. (Heteromys p.).. ..375, 378
jaguarondi. (Felis) . . 444, 445, 451, 45 2
Jaguirius 443
jalapse. (Mus m.) 162, 163
jalapae. (Oryzomys) 235, 246, 247
jalapae. (Rhithrodontomys c.) 258, 267
jaliscensis. (Myotis c.) 572, 579
jamaicensis. (Artibeus)
691, 692, 693, 694, 700
jamaicensis (Sternoderma) 707
janira. (Delphinus) 55
jubata. (Myrmecophaga) 29
jubatus. (Cynailurus) 441
Kogia 46
Kyphobalaena 40
labecula. (Peromyscus) 172, 178
labiatus. (Tagassu) 66
labilis. (Loncheres) 383, 384
Laboura 400
labradoria. (Meles) 503
lasnatum. (Coendu) 400, 402
Lagomorpha 411
PAGE.
Lagomyidae 411
Lagurus 299
Laira 524
lanceolatum. (Hemiderma) 669
lasiopyga. (Anura) 682
lasiopyga. (Glossonycteris) 682
Lasiurus 591
Lasiurus borealis 592, 5 93, -5 94
Lasiurus b. blossevillii 593
Lasiurus b. mexicanus 591, 594
Lasiurus b. pfeifferi 591, 593
Lasiurus b. teliotis 591, 593, 594
Lasiurus cinereus 592, 594, 595
Lasiurus frantzii 594
Lasiurus funebris 593
Lasiurus intermedius 595
Lasiurus monachus 593
Lasiurus noveboracensis 592
Lasiurus noveboracus 593
Lasiurus pruinosus 595
Lasiurus rubellus 593
Lasiurus rubra 593
Lasiurus rufus 593
Lasiurus tesselatus 593
lasiurus. (Lasiurus) 592
Latax 537
Latax gracilis 537
Latax lutris 537
Latax marina 537
Latax orientalis 537
Latax stelleri 537
Lataxia 535
Lataxina 535
lateralis. (Citellus) 147
laticaudatus. (Nyctinomops) .... 627
latifrons. (Neotoma) 277, 282
latifrons. (Orthogeomys) . . . .322, 324
latirostris. (Manatus) 37
latirostris. (Orcinus) 51
Latra ! minima 2,3
latrans. (Canis) 470
latrans. (Cynomys) 155
leachii. (Glossophaga) 672
lecontii. (Mus) 256
leonina. (Phoca) 545
Leopardus 443, 444
lepidus. (Nyctiellus) 634
lepidus. (Vespertilio) 634
Leporidae 409, 41 1
leporinus. (Noctilio) 617
leporinus. (Sciurus) 130
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
795
PAGE.
leporinus. (Vespertilio) 617
Leptonycteris 673, 679
Leptonycteris nivalis 679, 680, 681
leptorhynchum. (Tatu) 34
lepturus. (Heteromys g.) 369, 373
lepturus. (Peromyscus) i 74. 204
lepterus. (Vespertilio) 610
Lepus 413, 426
Lepus alleni . . ..431,433,434
Lepus a. palitans 43 1, 434
Lepus altamira 744
Lepus aquaticus 414
Lepus a. attwateri 414
Lepus arizonae 417, 423, 424, 425
Lepus a. confinis 4r7. 424
Lepus a. major 417. 423, 424, 425
Lepus a. minor 417, 423
Lepus artemesia 425
Lepus asellus 43 1 , 435
Lepus auduboni 417, 422, 429
Lepus bachmani 428, 429
Lepus bennetti 437
Lepus californicus
..431,436,437,438-439
Lepus c. xanti 431, 438
Lepus callotis .431, 432, 433
Lepus cerrosensis 428
Lepus cinerascens 428, 429, 430
Lepus diazi 412
Lepus douglasi 415
*Lepus durangae 417, 424
Lepus edwardsi 438
Lepus festinus 746
Lepus f. chiapensis 744
Lepus f. connectens 743
Lepus flavigularis 431
Lepus floridanus 418, 420, 421
Lepus f. aztecus 417, 418, 419
Lepus f. chapmani 417
Lepus f. holzneri 417, 419
Lepus f. mallurus 422
Lepus f. persultator 417, 418
Lepus f. subcinctus 416, 417, 418
Lepus f. yucatanicus 417, 419
Lepus gabbi 426, 427, 428
Lepus gaillardi 431 , 433
Lepus g. battyi 431 • 433
Lepus goldmani 745
*Lepus durangx proves to be the same as L. holzneri, and therefore becomes a synonym of that species. See Allen. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1904, p. 210.
PAGE.
Lepus graysoni 417, 426
Lepus incitatus 426, 428
Lepus insolitus 417,421,425
Lepus insonus 743
Lepus insularis 43 1 , 438
Lepus martirensis 431, 439
Lepus merriami 431, 432, 435
Lepus mexicanus 431
Lepus nigricaudatus 431
Lepus nuttalli 417, 423, 425
Lepus orizabae 41?. 425
Lepus pacificus 744
Lepus palustris 414, 415
Lepus parvulus 417, 421
Lepus peninsularis 428, 430
Lepus richardsoni 437
Lepus rigidus 419
Lepus russatus 417, 420
Lepus sanctidiegi 417, 422
Lepus sylvaticus 415
Lepus texensis 432, 435
Lepus t. deserticola 431, 437
Lepus t. eremicus 431, 435, 436
Lepus t. griseus 43 1, 436
Lepus t. micropus 431, 436
Lepus timidus 413
Lepus trowbridgii 429
Lepus truii 414, 415
Lepus veraecrucis 41?. 42<>
Lepus Washington! 410
lestes. (Canis) 465
Leucocyon 465, 471
leucodon. (Neotoma) . . . 277, 281, 282
leucogaster. (Hypudaeus) 165
leucogaster. (Onychomys). . . . 166, 168
leucogaster. (Sciurus) 115
Leucomitra 507, 509
leucomus. (Artibeus) 712
leuconotus. (Conepatus) 514, 515
leuconotus. (Mephitis) 515
leucoparia. (Putorius f.) 531, 534
leucopleura. (Promops) 623
leucops. (Sciurus) ..115,117,119,123
leucops. (Sciurus a.) 119
leucotis. (Sigmodon) . . . .224, 230, 231
leucurus. (Citellus) 140, 142, 143
leucurus. (Peromyscus) . . 174, 200, 201
leucurus. (Spermophilus) 142
leucurus. (Tamias) 142
levipes. (Peromyscus) 173, 195
levipes. (Rhithrodontomys)
258,270,271
796
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
Lichonycteris 683
Lichonycteris obscurus 683
lichtensteini. (Cervus) 72
lichtensteini. (Odontoccelus) . . . .69, 72
lilium. (Phyllostoma) 714, 715
lilium. (Sturnira) 714, 715
limitis. (Felis) 447, 448
limitis. (Sciurus 1.) no
Limnolagus 413, 414
lineata. (Phocaena) 48
lineata. (Rhynchonycteris) 609
lineatum. (Phyllostoma) ....701,702
lineatus. (Vampyrops)
. .701, 702, 703, 704
Linx ... 443
Liomys 368, 369, 374
Liomys canus 375
Liomys crispus 380
Liomys c. setosus 380
Liomys heterothrix 380
Liomys obscurus 379
Liomys orbitalis 380
Liomys parviceps 378
Liomys phaeura 379
Liomys plantinarensis 377
Liomys p. isthmius 378
Liomys p. rostratus 378
Liomys sonorana 379
Liomys torridus 376
Liomys t. minor 377
Liomys veraecrucis 379
Lipura 153
littoralis. (Urocyon c.) 475
Lobostoma 639
Lobostoma b. cinnamomea 649
Loncheres 383
Loncheres labilis 383, 384
Loncherinae 382
Lonchetes 383
Lonchorina 649
Lonchorina aurita 649. 650
longicaudatus. (Heteromys) ....
369- 370.372
longicaudatus. (Molossus) 620
longicaudum. (Tatu) 33
longicaudus. (Onychomys) 167
longicaudus. (Rheithrodon !) .... 261 longicaudus. (Rhithrodontomys)
257, 259, 261, 262, 263
longicrus. (Myotis 1.) 572, 581
longimana. (Megaptera) 41
PAGE.
longipes. (Onychomys) 167
longirostris. (Delphinus) 58
longirostris. (Prodelphinus) 58
Lophostoma 658
lophurus . (Peromyscus) ..174, 204, 205
Lotor 490
lotor. (Procyon) 489, 491, 492
lotor. (Ursus) 490
lucasana. (Spilogale) 519, 523
luciae. (Monophyllus) 676, 678
luciae. (Moschophoromys) . . . .250, 251
luciae. (Oryzomys) 251
luciae. (Sternoderma) 705, 706
lucifugus. (Myotis) 572, 580, 581
lucifugus. (Vespertilio) 580
ludovicianus. (Arctomys) 153
ludovicianus. (Cynomys)
153. 154, 155, i56
ludovicianus. (Sciurus) 124
ludovicianus. (Sciurus n.) no
Lupus 464
Lutra 535, 537
Lutra annectens 535, 536
Lutra canadensis 536
Lutra c. sonora 535, 536
Lutra marina 537
lutra. (Mustela) 535
Lutreola 530
Lutrinae 535
lutris. (Latax) 537
lutris. (Mustela) 537
Lycaon pictus 464
Lyciscus 465
Lynchaelurus 443
Lynchus 443
Lynx 443
Lynx r. baileyi 459
Lynx r. californica 458
Lynx r. eremica 458
machetes. (Blarina m.) 557, 561
machetes. (Ursus) 479, 481
macleayi. (Chilonycteris) 639, 640, 641
macmurtri. (Centurio) 717
macrocephalus. (Physeter) 44, 45
Macrocolus 341
macrodon. (Sorex) 550, 552
Macrogeomys 310, 326
Macrogeomys cavator 328, 329
Macrogeomys cherrii 327, 328, 330
Macrogeomys costaricensis . . . .328, 330
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
797
PAGE. Macrogeomys dolichocephalus .328, 329
Macrogeomys heterodus 328
Macrogeomys pansa 328, 329
Macrorhinus 545
Macrorhinus angustirostris 545
macro rhynchus. (Globiccphalus) . 53
Macrotis 68
macrotis. (Corynorhinus)
603, 604, 605
macrotis. (Neotoma f.) . .277, 279, 283 macrotis. (Nyctinomops) 625, 627, 629
macrotis. (Nyctinomus) 627
macrotis. (Odontocoelus) 76
macrotis. (Onychomys) 165, 169
macrotis. (Plecotus) 603
macrotis. (Vulpes) 472, 473
Macrotolagus 413, 414, 431
Macrotus 652
Macrotus bocourtianus 654
Macrotus bulleri 654
Macrotus californicus 653
Macrotus mexicanus 653
Macrotus waterhousii 652
macroura. (Felis) 449
macrourus. (Citellus) 149
macrourus. (Spermophilus) 149
Macroxus 93
Macroxus griseiflavus 124
macrura. (Mephitis) 507, 510, 511, 512
macrurum. (Nyctiellus) 634
maculata. (Felis r.) 458
Madataeus 691
madrensis. (Callospermophilus) . . 147
madrensis. (Citellus) 140, 147
madrensis. (Peromyscus) . . . .174. 197
magna. (Blarina) 557, 562
major. (Delphinus) 55
major. (Lepus a.) ..417,423,424,425
major. (Natalis s.) 632, 633
major. (Sigmodon h.) . . .224, 226, 228
mallurus. (Lepus f.) 422
managuensis. (Sciurus) .. .97, 114, 129
managuensis. (Sciurus b.) 129
Manatus 36
Manatus latirostris 37
Manatus manatus 37
manatus. (Manatus) 37
manatus. (Trichcchus) 35, 36, 37
mapurito. (Conepatus) 516
margaritae. (Perognathus) . . . .357. 363 Margay 443
PAGE.
marginatus. (Delphinus) 55
marginatus. (Prodelphinus) 58
Marikina 724
marina. (Latax) 537
marina. (Lutra) 537
Marmosa 4
Marmosa canesccns 5 . 6, 8
Marmosa chapmani 4
Marmosa cinerea 5,7
Marmosa fulvivcntcr 5,8
Marmosa insularis 5,7
Marmosa mexicana 5,6
Marmosa mitis 8
Marmosa murina . . 5,6
Marmosa oaxaca? 5.8
Marmosa sinaloae 5,6
Marputius 5I3-5I7
Marsipolaemus 586, 590
Marsupialia I
marsupialis. (Didelphys) 14
martirensis. (Lepus) 431 , 439
martirensis. (Peromyscus) ... 173. 189
martirensis. (Sitomys) 189
martirensis. (Spilogale a.) ...519,521 martirensis. (Thomomys) .. . .333, 336
mascotensis. (Sigmodon) 227
mascotensis. (Sigmodon h.)
223, 227, 229
mastivus. (Noctilio 1.) 616, 619
mastivus. (Vespertilio 1.) 617
maurus. (Sciurus) 116
maxima. (Phyllostoma) 666
mayensis. (Blarina) 557, 561
maynardi. (Procyon) 490
Mazama 68, 79
Mazama h. peninsula? 78
Mazama pandora 80
Mazama sartori 79. 80
Mazama tema 80
mearnsi. (Canis) 465, 468, 470
mearnsi. (Conepatus m.) 513,514,516
mearnsi. (Felis p.) 445,448
mearnsi. (Perognathus) 353, 354
mearnsi. (Sciurus) 132
mearnsi. (Sciurus d.) 94, 133
mecisturus. (Peromyscus) ...175,212
medius. (Peromyscus t.) 177
Megachiroptera 569
megadon. (Oryzomys r.) ....235,243
Megadontomys 212
Mcgadontomys flavidus 212. 214
798
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PACK.
Megadontomys nelsoni 212, 214
Megadontomys thomasi ..212,213,214
Megalomys 250
megalophylla. (Mormops)
646, 647, 648, 649
megalops. (Peromyscus) 175, 210
megalotis. (Micronycteris)
66 1 , 662, 663
megalotis. (Peromyscus) 193
megalotis. (Phyllophora) 660, 662
megalotis. (Reithrodon !) 259
megalotis. (Rhithrodontomys) . .
256, 257, 259, 260, 261, 262
Megaptera 40
Megaptera longimana 41
Megaptera n. bellicosa 41
Megaptera versabilis 41
Megapteron 40
Megapteropsis 41
melania. (Sciurus) 97, 114, 128
melanocarpus. (Peromyscus) ....
i75. 210,211
melanochir. (Ateles) 733. 734
melanonotus. (Sciurus n.) 107
melanophrys. (Hesperomys) .... 201 melanophrys. (Onychomys)
165, 166, 167
melanophrys. (Peromyscus)
174, 1 80, 201, 202, 203
melanops. (Vespertilio) 587
melanorhinus. (Myotis) 578
melanotis. (Oryzomys)
235, 236,243,244
melanotis. (Perognathus a.) . .353, 356 melanotis. (Peromyscus) 172,178,179
melanotis. (Sigmodon) 224, 232
melanura. (Neotoma i.) 278, 284
melanurus. (Capromys) 390, 391
melanurus. (Dipodomys m.) .343,348
melas. (Delphinus) 52
melas. (Globicephalus) 47, 52, 53
melas. (Globiocephalus !) 53
Meles labradoria 503
Melinae 503
memina. (Chironectes) 3
Mephitinae 502, 507
Mephitis 507,512, 513, 517
Mephitis concolor 512
Mephitis interrupta 519, 523
Mephitis leuconotus 515
Mephitis macrura .... 507, 510, 511, 512
PAGE.
Mephitis m. milleri 507, 511
Mephitis m. vittata 507, 512
Mephitis mesoleucus 515
Mephitis estor 507, 509
Mephitis occidentalis 509
Mephitis o. holzneri 507, 508
meridionalis. (Pseudorca) 51
merriami. (Cratogeomys) ....312,313 merriami. (Dipodomys)
343. 345, 346, 347- 34&
merriami. (Geomys) 311,313
merriami. (Lepus) 431, 432, 435
merriami. (Perognathus) . . . .353, 354
merriami .(Peromyscus) 174, 198
merriami. (Pipistrellus) 582
merriami. (Tamias) 135, 136, 137
merriami. (Tamias a.) 137
mesamericana. (Didelphys)
14, I5,i6, 17
mesoleucus. (Conepatus) 514, 515, 516
mesoleucus. (Mephitis) 515
mesomelas. (Peromyscus t.) .172,177 mesopolius. (Perognathus f .)....
356,358,367
Metachirus 1 1
Metachirus fuscogriseus 11,12, 13
Metachirus f . pallidus 11,13
Metachirus nudicaudatus 11,12
Metachirus opossum 12
Metachirus quica 12
metallicola. (Peromyscus) ...173,192
Meteorus 586
metis. (Tursiops) 56
mexicana. (Alouatta p.) 726, 727
mexicana. (Antilocapra a.) ... .81, 82 mexicana. (Blarina)
557,559.560,561, 562
mexicana. (Chilonycteris) ...641,644 mexicana. (Choeronycteris) ..673,674
mexicana. (Dasyprocta) 4°4, 405
mexicana. (Marmosa) 5,6
mexicana. (Neotoma)
277, 282, 283, 285, 288
mexicanum. (Coendu). ..400,401,402
mexicanus. (Atalapha b.) 594
mexicanus. (Canis) 465, 470, 471
mexicanus. (Centurio) 717
mexicanus. (Cervus) 72
mexicanus. (Citellus) . . .140, 145, 146
mexicanus. (Cynomys) 153, 156
mexicanus. (Hemiotomys) 301
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
799
PAGE.
inexicanus. (Hesperomys) 207
mexicanus. (Hystrix) 402
mexicanus. (Lasiurus b.) 591, 594
mexicanus. (Lepus) 431
mexicanus. (Macrotis) 653
mexicanus. (Micron yc tens m.) . .
661,662
mexicanus. (Microtus) 301
mexicanus. (Myotis c.) 5 7 2, 579
mexicanus. (Natalis) 632, 633
mexicanus. (Nyctinomus) ...628,629
mexicanus. (Odontocoelus) 70, 72
mexicanus. (Oryzomys)
.234, 235, 242,243, 246
mexicanus. (Otopterus) 652, 653
mexicanus. (Ovis c.) 84, 86
mexicanus. (Perognathus f-)--353. 355 mexicanus. (Peromyscus)
172, 206, 207, 208
mexicanus. (Rhithrodontomys) .
257, 264, 265, 268
mexicanus. (Sciurus) 146
mexicanus. (Trachyops) 665
mexicanus. (Vespertilio c.) 579
micropus. (Chilonatalis) .635, 636, 637
Micoureus 5
Micoureus canescens 6
Microchiroptera 569
microdon. (Canis) 465, 469
microdon. (Pygoderma) 712
microdon. (Rhithrodontomys) 258, 269 microdon. (Sigmodon h.) ... .223, 226
Microlagus 413. 414, 428
Micronycteris 660
Micronycteris elongata 662
Micronycteris hirsutus . . . .660, 661, 662 Micronycteris megalotis . . 66 1 , 662, 663 Micronycteris m. mexicanus . . .661, 662
Micronycteris microtis 66 1 , 663
Micronycteris minutus 663
Micronycteris scrobiculatus 662
microps. (Delphinus) 55
microps. (Prodelphinus) 58
micropus. (Lepus t.) 431, 436
micropus. (Natalis) 635
micropus. (Neotoma)
276, 277, 281, 282
Microsciurus 91, 94, 98
microspilotus. (Citellus s.)
140, 144, U5
microspilotus. (Spermophilus s.).. 145
PAGE.
Microtinae 250, 298
microtis. (Micronycteris) ... .661, 663
Microtus 298, 300
Microtus californicus 302
Microtus c. hyperythrus. . .300, 301, 302
Microtus fulvi venter 301
Microtus guatemalensis 305, 306
Microtus mexicanus 301
Microtus m. phaeus 301, 302
Microtus mogollonensis 302
Microtus pinetorum 303
Microtus quasiater 303
Microtus umbrosus 304, 305
micrura. (Blarina) 558, 559
Micrurus 299
Midas 723
Midas aedipus 724
Midas geoffroyi 723, 724
midas. (Simia) 723
milleri. (Mephitis m.) 507, 511
milleri. (Myotis) 572, 575
Mimon bennetti 667
minima. (Latra !) 2,3
minimus. (Chironectes) 1,2,3
minimus. (Sigmodon) 224, 230
minor. (Antrozous) 605, 607
minor. (Centurio) 717
minor. (Choeronycteris) 673, 674
minor. (Hemiderma) 669
minor. (Heteromys t.) 374, 377
minor. (Lepus a.) 417, 423
minor. (Liomys t.) 377
minutus. (Micronycteris) 663
minutus. (Nyctinomus) 629, 630
miradorensis. (Scotophilus f.).. . . 588 miradorensis. (Vespertilio f.) ....
..587,588,590
Mirounga 545
Mirounga angustirostris 545» 546
missouriensis. (Cynomys) 155
mitchelli. (Dipodomys) 343, 344
mitis. (Felis) 440
mitis. (Marmosa) 8
mogollonensis. (Microtus) 302
mohavensis. (Nyctinomus) 629
molaris. (Nasua n.) 494, 497
molestus. (Oryzomys) 234, 240
Molossidae 618
Molossus 618
Molossus acuticaudatus 620
Molossus albus 619
800
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
Molossus alecto 619
Molossus aztecus 620
Molossus fuliginosus 620
Molossus fumarius 620
Molossus holosericeus 619
Molossus longicaudatus 620
Molossus nasutus 621
Molossus nigricans 619, 620
Molossus olivaceo-fuscus 620
Molossus rufus 618, 619, 620
Molossus r. obscurus 619, 620
Molossus tropidorhynchus . . . .619, 620
Molossus ursinus 619
Molossus velox 620
Monachus 542
monachus. (Lasiurus) 593
monachus. (Phoca) 542
Monachus tropicalis 543
Monax 153
monochrura. (Neotoma) 278
Monophyllus 675
Monophyllus clinedaphus 676, 678
Monophyllus cubanus 676, 678
Monophyllus luciae 676, 678
Monophyllus plethodon . . .676, 677, 678 Monophyllus portoricensis . . . .676, 677 Monophyllus redmani 675, 676, 678, 679
monticola. (Bassariscus) 487
montserra tense. (Sternoderma) . .
7°4- 70S. 7°6
moorii. (Delphinus) 55
mono. (Sciurus) 116
Mormopinae 639
Mormops 646
Mormops blainvillii 646, 647, 649
Mormops b. cinnamomea 647, 649
Mormops megalophylla
646, 647, 648, 649
Mormops m. senicula 646, 648
morulus. (Sciurus v.) . . . .96, 104, 105
Morunga 545
moschatus. (Delphinus) 55
Moschomys 250, 308
Moschophoromys 250
Moschophoromys desmaresti . .250, 251
Moschophoromys lucue 250, 251
mungo. (Herpestes) 462, 463
mungo. (Viverra) 462
Muridae 161 , 162, 255, 275, 306
murina. (Didelphys) 4, 5
murina. (Marmosa) 5, 6
PAGE.
Murinae 161, 162
murinus. (Desmodus) 719
murinus. (Vespertilio) 570, 585
Mus 162, 306
Mus alexandrinus 162, 164
Mus anomalus 368
Mus arvalis 298
Mus californicus 203
Mus citellus 139
Mus decumanus 164
Mus desmaresti 250
Mus lecontii 256
Mus musculus 162, 181
Mus m. jalapae 162, 163
Mus norvegicus 162, 164, 165, 250
Mus paca 408
Mus palustris 233
Mus pilorides 250
Mus rattus 162, 163, 164
Mus s. noveboracensis 170
Mus tectorum 164
Mus tuza 310
Mus volans 158
musculoides. (Peromyscus a.) ...
172, 180
musculus. (Mus) 162, 181
musculus. (Nyctinomus) . . . .629, 630 musculus. (Peromyscus) .171,175,176
musculus. (Sitomys) 175
Mustela affinis 534
Mustela frenatus 532
Mustela lutra 535
Mustela lutris 537
Mustela putorius 529
Mustelidas 502
mustelinus. (Sciurus) 115
mutabilis. (Sorex s.) 550, 553
mutica. (Glossophaga) 671
Mycetes 726
Mycetes palliatus 726
Mycetes villosus 726
Mynomes 298
Myocaster coypu 382
Myoprocta 403
myosura. (Tamandua) 27
Myotis 570
Myotis affinis 580
Myotis albescens 581
Myotis a. evotis 572
Myotis a. velifer 572
Myotis austroriparius 580
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
801
PAGE.
Myotis californicus
• -572, 5?6, 577.578,579
Myotis c. ciliolabrum 580
Myotis c. durangas 572, 579
Myotis c. jaliscensis 572, 579
Myotis c. mexicanus 572, 579
Myotis c. pallidus 572, 579
Myotis carolii 580
Myotis chiriquensis 572, 576
Myotis chrysonotis 574
Myotis concinna 575
Myotis dominicensis 572, 576
Myotis evotis . . . 572, 574, 575, 579, 580
Myotis exilis 578
Myotis henshawi 578
Myotis lucifugus 572, 580, 581
Myotis 1. longicrus 572, 581
Myotis melanorhinus 578
Myotis milleri 572, 575
Myotis nigricans .571, 572, 575, 576, 578
Myotis nitidus 578
Myotis-obscurus 578
Myotis oregonensis 578
Myotis orinomus 572, 577
Myotis peninsularis 571, 573
Myotis subulatus 572, 580
Myotis tenuidorsalis 578
Myotis thysanodes 571, 572, 573
Myotis velifer 571, 573, 574
Myotis vivesi 572, 574
Myotis volans 578
Myotis yumanensis . .572, 576, 577, 578
Myotis y. saturatus 572,577
myotis. (Vespertilio) 570
Myoxomys 214
Myoxus chrysurus 383
Myrmecolichnus 25
Myrmecophaga 29
Myrmecophaga didactyla 24
Myrmecophaga jubata 29
Myrmecophaga sellata 28
Myrmecophaga tetradactyla .... 26, 27 Myrmecophaga tridactyla .... 24, 29, 30
Myrmecophagidae 24
Myrmydon 25
mysticetus. (Balaena) 39
nana. (Brachyphylla) ...689,690,691
Nannugo 582
nanus. (Promops) 621, 624
nanus. (Tagassu) 62
PAGE.
nanus. (Tayassu) 62
Nasica 497
nasica. (Nasua) . . . .494, 495, 496, 497 naso. (Rhynchonycteris) ....608,609
naso. (Vespertilio) 608
Nasua 494
Nasua nasica 494, 495, 496, 497
Nasua n. bullata 495, 497, 498
Nasua n. molaris 494, 497
Nasua n. pallida 495, 498
Nasua n. panamensis 495, 498
Nasua n. yucatanica 495, 49&
Nasua nelsoni 494, 495
Nasua thersites 496
nasua. (Viverra) 494
nasutus. (Molossus) 621
nasutus. (Promops) 621, 622
Natalidae 631
Natalis 631, 634
Natalis mexicanus 632, 633
Natalis micropus 635
Natalis splendidus 632
Natalis stramineus 631, 632, 633
Natalis s. major 632, 633
navus. (Neotoma) 277, 282
nayaritensis. (Sciurus)
95, 106, 107, 108
nebrascensis. (Peromyscus 1.) ... 188
neglecta. (Taxidea t.) 505
neglectus. (Platygeomys) . .. .318, 319
negligens. (Sciurus) 94, 101, 102
nelsoni. (Blarina) 557, 561
nelsoni. (Heteromys) 381
nelsoni. (Megadontomys) ....212,214
nelsoni. (Nasua) 494, 495
nelsoni. (Odontocoelus) 69, 75
nelsoni. (Orthogeomys) .... .322, 324
nelsoni. (Oryzomys) 234, 235
nelsoni. (Ovis c.) 84, 85
nelsoni. (Pappogeomys) 320
nelsoni. (Perognathus) . . .357, 364, 365
nelsoni. (Peromyscus) 214
nelsoni. (Romerolagus) 41 1 , 412
nelsoni. (Sciurus) .96, 98. 114, 120, 121
nelsoni. (Thomomys) 334, 339
nelsoni. (Xenomys) 291 , 292
nelsoni. (Xylomys) 381
Nelsonia 289
Nelsonia goldmani 290
Nelsonia neotomodon 289, 290
nemoralis. (Cervus) 74
802
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE. nemoralis. (Odontocoelus) ..69,73,74
nemoralis. (Sciurus a.) 118
nemoralis. (Sciurus p.) . . .96, 114, 118
nemoralis. (Sciurus \v.) 118
Neocyon 465
Neodon 299
Neofiber 299
Neogale 530
neomexicanus. (Putorius f.) . . 531, 533
Neomys panamensis 219
Neophoca 539
Neosciurus 93
Neosorex 548
Neotoma 275, 276, 277, 292
Neotoma alleni 296, 297
Neotoma anthonyi 278, 283
Neotoma arenacea 277, 283
Neotoma bella felipensis 278, 286
Neotoma bryanti 277, 280
Neotoma californica 284
Neotoma canescens 281
Neotoma cumulator 277, 280
Neotoma distincta 277, 278
Neotoma ferruginea 277. 280
Neotoma floridana 276
Neotoma fulviventer 278, 286, 288
Neotoma fuscipes 277, 278, 279
Neotoma f. macrotis 277, 279, 283
Neotoma goldmani 278, 288
Neotoma intermedia .278, 280, 284, 285
Neotoma i. albigula 278, 285, 286
Neotoma i. angusticeps 278, 285
Neotoma i. durangae 278, 285
Neotoma i. melanura 278, 284
Neotoma isthmica 278, 287
Neotoma latif rons 277, 282
Neotoma leucodon 277. 281, 282
Neotoma mexicana
277, 282, 283, 285, 288
Neotoma micropus . . .276, 277, 281, 282
Neotoma monochrura 278
Neotoma navus 277, 282
Neotoma orizabae 278. 286
Neotoma parvidens 278, 288
Neotoma picta 278, 287
Neotoma simplex 279
Neotoma sinaloae 277, 283
Neotoma splendens 278
Neotoma tenuicauda 278, 286, 289
Neotoma torquata 277, 279
Neotoma tropicalis 278, 288
PAGE.
Neotoma venusta 284
Neotominae 276
Neotomodon 292
Neotomodon alstoni 292, 293, 294
Neotomodon orizabas 293, 294
Neotomodon perotensis 293
neotomodon. (Nelsonia) 289, 290
nerterus. (Rhithrodontomys c.)258, 267 nevadensis. (Nyctinomus m.) ... 627
nichollsi. (Sternoderma) 704, 706
Nicon 670
nicoyana. (Sciurus) 127
niger. (Sciurus) 115
nigra. (Glossophaga) 672
nigrescens. (Blarina) 556, 558
nigrescens. (Heteromys s.) . . .369, 370 nigrescens. (Peromyscus m.) .172,176
nigricans. (Molossus) 619, 620
nigricans. (Myotis)
571. 572. 575. 576, 578
nigricans. (Thomomys f .).... 333, 335
nigricaudatus. (Lepus) 431
nitellinus. (Nyctomys) 215,216
nitidus. (Myotis) 578
nivalis. (Ischnoglossa) 679
nivalis. (Leptonycteris) .679,680,681
nivea. (Procyon).. . . 491
Noctifelis 443
Noctilio 581, 617
Noctilio dorsatus 617
Noctilio leporinus 617
Noctilio 1. mastivus 616, 617
Noctilionidae 581 , 608
Noctilioninae 617
Noctula 585
norvegicus. (Mus) ..162,164,165,250
Notagogus 5
notinus. (Bassariscus s.) 484, 485
Notiosorex 547, 554
Notiosorex crawfordi 554» 555
Notiosorex c. evotis 554. 555
Notiosorex gigas • • 554. 555
Notophorus 62
novae-hispaniae. (Coendu) 402
novae-zelandias. (Delphinus) 59
novae-zelandise. (Prodelphinus) . . 59
noveboracensis. (Lasiurus) 592
noveboracensis. (Mus s.) 170
noveboracus. (Lasiurus) 593
novemcinctum. (Tatu) 33, 34
novemcinctus. (Cabassous) 34
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
803
PAGE.
novemcinctus. (Dasypus) 32, 33
nuchalis. (Sciurus c.) ....97,114,122
nudicaudata. (Didelphys) 11,12
nudicaudatus. (Metachirus) ... .11, 12
nudicaudus. (Hesperomys) 217
nudicaudus . (Tylomys) ..217, 218,219
nudipes. (Hesperomys) 198
nudipes. (Peromyscus) 174, 198
nuttalli. (Lepus) 417, 423, 425
nuttalli. (Peromyscus) 169, 183
Nycticeius 597
Nycticeius crepuscularis 598
Nycticeius humeralis 598, 599
Nycticeius h. cubanus 598, 599
Nycticejus 597
Nycticejus humeralis 598
Nyctiellus 634
Nyctiellus barbatus 634
Nyctiellus lepidus 634
Nyctiellus macrurus 634
Nyctinomops 625
Nyctinomops aurispinosis 627
Nyctinomops auritus 627
Nyctinomops caecus 627
Nyctinomops depressus 625, 627
Nyctinomops europs 626
Nyctinomops femorosaccus . . .625, 626
Nyctinomops gracilis 625, 626
Nyctinomops laticaudatus 627
Nyctinomops macrotis . . .625, 627, 629
Nyctinomops m. nevadensis 627
Nyctinomops yucatanicus 625, 626
Nyctinomus 625, 628, 629
Nyctinomus aegypticus 628
Nyctinomus antillularum 629
Nyctinomus bahamensis 629, 630
Nyctinomus brasiliensis 630
Nyctinomus depressus 627
Nyctinomus femorosaccus . . . .625. 626
Nyctinomus macrotis 627
Nyctinomus mexicanus 628, 629
Nyctinomus minutus 629, 630
Nyctinomus mohavensis 629
Nyctinomus musculus 629, 630
Nyctinomus orthotis 623
Nyctipithecus 728
Nyctipithecus rufipes 729
Nyctipithecus vociferans 729
Nyctiplanus 714
Nyctomys 214
Nyctomys decolorus 215, 216
PAGE.
Nyctomys nitellinus 215, 216
Nyctomys sumichrasti 215, 216
Nystactes 570
oaxacae. (Marmosa) 5,8
oaxacensis. (Peromyscus) .... 174, 206
obscura. (Blarina) 557, 559
obscurus. (Artibeus) 695
obscurus. (Heteromys) 375, 379
obscurus. (Lichonycteris) 683
obscurus. (Liomys) 379
obscurus. (Molossus r.) 619, 620
obscurus. (Myotis) 578
obscurus. (Perodipus) 349, 330
obscurus. (Perognathus) 358
obscurus. (Rhithrodontomys m.) .
257, 261
obscurus. (Sorex) 550
obscurus. (Tamias) 134, 135, 136
occidentalis. (Mephitis) 509
Ochetodon 256
Ochetomys 299
ochrognathus. (Sigmodon) . ..224,230
ochropus. (Canis) 465, 466, 469
octocinctum. (Tatu) 33
Octodontidae 382
oculatus. (Sciurus) . .95, 106, 107, 108
Odobaenus 36
Odocoileus ! 68
Odocoileus! speleus 68
Odontobaenus 36
Odontocoelus 68
Odontocoelus americanus . . . .69, 70, 75
Odontocoelus a. couesi 69, 70, 71
Odontocoelus a. mexicanus 70
Odontocoelus a. texensis 69, 70
Odontoccelus auritus 76
Odontocoelus battyi 69, 71
Odontocoelus cerrosensis 69, 76
Odontoccelus clavatus 73
Odontoccelus costaricensis 69, 73
Odontoccelus hemionus . . .69, 76, 77, 78 Odontoccelus h. californicus
69,76,77,78
Odontoccelus h. canus 69, 78
Odontoccelus h. eremicus 69, 77
Odontoccelus h. peninsulas 70, 78
Odontocoelus lichtensteini 69, 72
Odontoccelus macrotis 76
Odontoccelus mexicanus 72
Odontoccelus nelsoni 69, 75
804
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
Odontoccelus nemoralis 69, 73, 74
Odontocoelus rothschildi 69, 72
Odontocoelus sinaloae 70, 78
Odontocoelus thomasi 69, 75
Odontoccelus toltecus 69, 74
Odontoccelus truii 69, 73, 74, 75
Odontoccelus virginianus 70
Odontoccelus yucatanensis 74
cerstedi. (Chrysothrix) 731
cerstedi. (Saimiri) 730, 731
Olidosus 65
Oligoryzomys 233, 248
olivaceo-fuscus. (Molossus) 620
olympus. (Felis) 454
onca. (Felis) 445, 446
Oncifelis 443
oncilla. (Felis p.) 445, 450
Ondatra 308
Onychomys i6s
Onychomys leucogaster 166, 168
Onychomys 1. albascens 742
Onychomys longicaudus 167
Onychomys longipes 167
Onychomys macrotis 165, 169, 170
Onychomys melanophrys. . 165, 166, 167
Onychomys m. pallescens 165, 166
Onychomys ramona 165, 167
Onychomys torridus . 165, 166, 167, 168
Onychomys t. arenicola 165, 1 68
Onychomys t. canus 742
Onychomys t. perpallidus 165, 168
Onychomys t. yakiensis 742
Oplacerus ! 68
oporaphilum. (Sturnira) 715
opossum. (Metachirus) 12
orbitalis. (Heteromys) 375, 380
orbitalis. (Liomys) 380
Orca 50
orca. (Delphinus) 50, 51
orca. (Orcinus) 50, 51
Orcinus 50
Orcinus arcticus 51
Orcinus europaeus 51
Orcinus gladiator 51
Orcinus latirostris 51
Orcinus orca 50, 51
Orcinus schlegelii 51
Orcinus stenorhyncha 51
ordi. (Dipodomys) 350
ordi. (Perodipus) 349, 350
oregonensis. (Felis c.) 454
oregonensis. (Myotis)
oreocetes. (Cratogeomys)
oreophila. (Blarina)
oreopolus. (Sorex)
oresterus. (Peromyscus)
orientalis. (Latax)
orinomus. (Myotis)
orinus. (Sorex) 549,
orizabae. (Lepus)
orizabae. (Neotoma)
orizabae. (Neotomodon)
orizabae. (Peromyscus m.) . . . . orizabae. (Rhithrodontomys) ,
orizabae. (Sorex)
orizabae. (Thomomys)
ornatus. (Ateles)
ornatus. (Dipodomys)
Orthogeomys
Orthogeomys grandis
Orthogeomys latifrons
Orthogeomys nelsoni
Orthogeomys scalops 322,
orthotis. (Nyctinomus)
orthotis. (Promops)
Orthriomys 299,
Oryctogale
Oryctomys
Oryzomys 232, 233,
Oryzomys albiventer
Oryzomys alfari
Oryzomys angusticeps
Oryzomys antillarum
Oryzomys aquaticus
Oryzomys bulleri
Oryzomys chapmani .234,237,
Oryzomys c. caudatus
Oryzomys c. dilutior
Oryzomys c. saturatior
Oryzomys cherrii
Oryzomys childi
Oryzomys chrysomelas
Oryzomys costaricensis
233, 235,
Oryzomys couesi .... 234, 236,
Oryzomys cozumelae
Oryzomys crinitus
Oryzomys c. aztecus
Oryzomys devius
Oryzomys fulgens
Oryzomys fulvescens
Oryzomys goldmani
PAGE. ... 578 313,314 557.559 549- 550 174, 200
• • • 537 572.577 55°. 553 417-425 278, 286
293- 294 174, 207 258, 266 549, 550 334,337
• • • 733 343-344 310,322
322
322,324 322,324 323-324 ... 623 621, 623 300, 304
• • • 332 248, 252 234, 236 234, 242 235- 245 235,247 ... 241 234, 239 238, 239 234, 238 234, 238 234, 239 252, 253
• • • 244
• • • 253
249,250
239.247 234, 241 235- 245
234. 245 235- 244 234, 240 235- 248
235. 246
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
805
PAGE.
Oryzomys hylocetes 234, 237
Oryzomys jalapae 235, 246, 247
Oryzomys j. apatelius 235, 246
Oryzomys j. rufinus 235, 247
Oryzomys luciae 251
Oryzomys melanotis . 235, 236, 243, 244
Oryzomys mexicanus
. .234, 235, 242,243, 246
Oryzomys m. peragrus 235, 243
Oryzomys molestus 234, 240
Oryzomys nelsoni 234, 235
Oryzomys palatinus 234, 237
Oryzomys palustris 242
Oryzomys panamensis 234, 241
Oryzomys peninsulas 234, 236
Oryzomys rhabdops 234, 237, 246
Oryzomys richmondi 235, 248
Oryzomys rostratus 235, 243, 244
Oryzomys r. megadon 235, 243
Oryzomys rufus 234, 239
Oryzomys talamancae 234, 241
Oryzomys teapensis 235, 247
Oryzomys tectus 235, 245
Oryzomys vegetus 235, 249
Oryzomys victus 235, 244
Oryzomys yucatanensis 234, 236
Oryzomys zygomaticus 234, 241
osburni. (Chilonycteris) 642
Osteopera 408
Otaria californiana 539
Otaria gillespii 539
Otariidae 538
Otelaphus 68
Otocolobus 139
Otognosis 352
Otopterus 651
Otopterus bocourtianus . . .652, 653, 654
Otopterus bulled 652, 654
Otopterus californicus .... 652, 653, 654
Otopterus mexicanus 652, 653
Otopterus waterhousii
.651,652,653,654
Otosciurus 91 , 94, 1 1 1
Otospermophilus 139, 140, 148
Ototylomys 220
Ototylomys phyllotis 220, 221
Ototylomys p. phaeus 221
Otus 451
otus. (Rhithrodontomys 1.) ..258.271
Otus asio . . . , 451
Ovis 83
PAGE.
Ovis aries 83
Ovis cervina 86
Ovis c. cremnobates 84, 85
Ovis c. mexicanus 84, 86
Ovis c. nelsoni 84, 85
Ovis stonii 85
Ozolictis 513
Paca 408
paca. (Agouti) 408
paca. (Mus) 408
pacificus. (Antrozous p.) . . . .605, 607
pacificus. (Lepus) 744
pacificus. (Perognathus) 353, 355
Paescopia 41
Pagomys «... 541
Pagophilus 541
palatinus. (Oryzomys) 234, 237
palitans. (Lepus a.) 431, 434
pallescens. (Corynorhinus m.).6o3, 604 pallescens. (Onychomys m.) . .165, 166
palliata. (Alouatta) 726, 727, 728
palliatus. (Mycetes) 726
pallida. (Nasua n.) 495, 498
pallidum. (Cercolabes) 40 1
pallidum. (Coendu) 400, 401
pallidus. (Antrozous) . . .605, 606, 607
pallidus. (Caluromys 1.) 9. 10
pallidus. (Fiber z.) 307, 308
pallidus. (Metachirus f.) 11,13
pallidus. (Myotis c.) 572, 579
pallidus. (Perognathus f.) -..357,366
pallidus. (Philander 1.) 10
pallidus. (Rhithrodontomys 1.) . .
257, 262
pallidus. (Sigmodon h.) 228
pallidus. (Tamias q.) 135
pallidus. (Vespertilio) 605
palmata. (Chironectes) 3
palmeri. (Dipodops o.) 350
palmeri. (Perodipus o.) 349, 350
Paludicola 299
palustris. (Lepus) 414, 415
palustris. (Mus) 233
palustris. (Oryzomys) 242
pan. (Ateles) 733
panamensis. (Dasypterus e.) .595,597
panamensis. (Felis) 445, 452
panamensis. (Nasua n.) 495, 498
panamensis. (Neomys) 219
panamensis. (Oryzomys) . . . .234, 241
80*5
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE. panamensis. (Proechinomys c.) . .
385,387,388
panamensis. (Tylomys) 217,219
panamintinus. (Perognathus).... 355
pandora. (Mazama) 80
paniscus. (Simla) 732
pansa. (Macrogeomys) 328, 329
Pappogeomys 310, 320
Pappogeomys albinasus 320, 321
Pappogeomys bulleri 320, 321, 322
Pappogeomys nelsoni 320
Paradoxorus annulatus 487
paradoxus. (Perognathus h.) .357, 361
paradoxus. (Solenodon) 567, 568
paraguensis. (Chironectes) 3
paralius. (Heteromys) 375, 381
Parasciurus 91, 94, no
pardalis. (Felis) .... 443, 445, 447, 448
pardinoides. (Felis) 450
parnelli. (Chilonycteris) 640, 642
parnelli. (Phyllodia) 642
parva. (Blarina) 558
parviceps. (Heteromys) 375, 3 78
parviceps. (Lipmys) 378
parvidens. (Citellus m.) 140, 146
parvidens. (Neotoma) 278, 288
parvidens. (Spermophilus m.) . . . 146
parvidens. (Urocyon c.) 475, 476
parvipes. (Artibeus) 693, 694
parvula. (Rhogoessa) 601, 602
parvulus. (Lepus) 417, 421
parvus. (Dipodomys m.) ....343,346
paulus. (Peromyscus) 172, 176
pavidus. (Peromyscus) 174, 197
peba. (Tatu) 33
pecari. (Tagassu) 65, 66, 67
pecari. (Tayassu) 65, 66
pectoralis. (Peromyscus a.) ..173,192
pediculus. (Conepatus) 5*4, 5i 7
Pedomys 299
Pelagios 542
Pelagocyon 542
Peltorhinus 704, 707
penicillatus. (Perognathus) . . 358, 359 penicillatus. (Peromyscus b.).i73, 196
peninsula?. (Canis) 465, 466, 467
peninsula?. (Citellus 1.) . .140, 141, 143
peninsulas. (Mazama h.) 78
peninsulas. (Odontoccelus h.) ...70,78
peninsulas. (Oryzomys) 234, 236
peninsula?. (Perognathus s.)
357-363,364
PAGE. peninsulas. (Rhithrodontomys) . .
257,263
peninsulas. (Tamias 1.) 143
peninsulas. (Vespertilio f.) ... 587, 589
peninsularis. (Felis) 456, 460
peninsularis. (Lepus) 428, 430
peninsularis. (Myotis) 571, 573
peragrus. (Oryzomys m.) ....235,243 perditus. (Thomomys) . .334, 338, 339
perdus. (Putorius t.) 531
peregrina. (Blarina m.) 557, 560
peregrinus. (Cratogeomys) ...313,314 peregrinus. (Thomomys) . . . .334, 337 pergracilis. (Blarina) .. . .556, 557, 558 pernix. (Perognathus) . . . 357, 359, 360
Perodipus 348, 349
Perodipus agilis 349, 351
Perodipus chapmani 349, 350
Perodipus obscurus 349, 351
Perodipus ordi 349, 350
Perodipus palmeri 349, 35°
Perognathus 352, 353, 368
Perognathus anthonyi 358, 366
Perognathus apache 356
Perognathus a. melanotis 353, 356
Perognathus baileyi 357, 361, 362
Perognathus b. rhydinorhis
357,359-362
Perognathus bimaculatus 356
Perognathus cnecus 357, 362
Perognathus fallax 357, 366, 367
Perognathus f. pallidus 357, 366
Perognathus fasciatus 352
Perognathus femoralis 358, 367
Perognathus f. mesopolius 356, 358, 367
Perognathus flavus 353, 354, 355
Perognathus f. mexicanus 353, 355
Perognathus goldmani. . . .357, 363, 366
Perognathus g. artus 357, 365
Perognathus helleri 357, 360
Perognathus hispidus . . . .357, 360, 361 Perognathus h. paradoxus . . . .357, 361
Perognathus h. zacatecas 357, 361
Perognathus intermedius .357, 364, 365
Perognathus margaritas 357, 363
Perognathus mearnsi 353, 354
Perognathus merriami 353, 354
Perognathus nelsoni 357, 364, 365
Perognathus n. canescens 357, 365
Perognathus obscurus 358
Perognathus pacificus 353, 355
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
807
PAGE.
Perognathus panamintinus 355
Perognathus p. brevinasus . . . .353, 355
Perognathus penicillatus 358, 359
Perognathus p. angustirostris .357, 358 Perognathus p. arenarius .357, 358, 360
Perognathus p. eremicus 357, 359
Perognathus p. pricii 357, 358
Perognathus pernix 357, 359, 360
Perognathus p. rostratus 357. 359
Perognathus spinatus 357, 362, 363, 364
Perognathus s. bryanti 357, 364
Perognathus s. peninsulae .357, 363, 364
Peromyscus 169, 170, 175
Peromyscus affinis 172, 180, 181
Peromyscus a. musculoides . . .172, 180
Peromyscus allex 172, 175
Peromyscus allophilus 172, 208
Peromyscus altilaneus 175,210
Peromyscus americanus arizonae . . 186
Peromyscus a. deserticola 188
Peromyscus a. sonoriensis 182
Peromyscus amplus 174, 205
Peromyscus anthonyi . . . .172, 185, 186
Peromyscus arboreus 170
Peromyscus attwateri 192
Peromyscus a. eremicoides .. . .173, 192
Peromyscus a. pectoralis 173,192
Peromyscus auritus 174, 206, 209
Peromyscus aztecus 172, 184
Peromyscus banderanus . .173, 189, 190
Peromyscus b. angelensis 173, 190
Peromyscus b. vicinior 173, 190
Peromyscus beatae 172, 184
Peromyscus boylii 173, 195
Peromyscus b. penicillatus .... 173, 196
Peromyscus b. rowleyi 196
Peromyscus bullatus 173, 193
Peromyscus cacabatus 175, 211
Peromyscus calif ornicus . . 1 74, 201 , 203
Peromyscus cecilii 172, 178
Peromyscus cedrosensis 173, 185
Peromyscus cherrii 172, 183, 267
Peromyscus cineritius 173, 195
Peromyscus comptus 174, 206
Peromyscus cozumelae 172, 181
Peromyscus difficilis . 173, 193, 194, 205
Peromyscus dubius 172, 181
Peromyscus eremicus
»73. iQit 192. »93. »99
Peromyscus e. arenarius 173, 191
Peromyscus e. phaeurus 173, 191
PAGE.
Peromyscus e. propinquus 185
Peromyscus eva 1 74, 198
Peromyscus exiguus 172, 183
Peromyscus felipensis 174, 205
Peromyscus floridanus 179
Peromyscus fraterculus . . .172, 184, 185
Peromyscus furvus 171, 174, 208
Peromyscus gambeli 187
Peromyscus gaurus 174, 199, 200
Peromyscus gerominensis 172, 181
Peromyscus gilberti 195
Peromyscus goldmani 172, 1 86
Peromyscus gratus .. . 174, 195, 196, 197
Peromyscus g. gentilis 174, 197
Peromyscus guatemalensis .... 175, 211
Peromyscus gymnotis 173, 188
Peromyscus hemionotis 174, 199
Peromyscus homochroia 174, 200
Peromyscus hylocetes 174, 204
Peromyscus insignis 174, 203
Peromyscus labecula 1 7 2 , 1 78
Peromyscus lepturus 174, 204
Peromyscus leucopus blandus .172, 182
Peromyscus 1. fulvus 172, 183
Peromyscus 1. nebrascensis 188
Peromyscus 1. sonoriensis .172, 181, 183
Peromyscus leucurus 174, 200, 201
Peromyscus 1. gadovi 174, 201
Peromyscus levipes 173, 195
Peromyscus lophurus 174, 204, 205
Peromyscus madrensis 174, 197
Peromyscus martirensis 173, 189
Peromyscus mecisturus 175, 212
Peromyscus megalops 175, 210
Peromyscus megalotis 193
Peromyscus melanocarpus 175, 210, 211 Peromyscus melanophrys
174, 180, 201, 202, 203
Peromyscus m. consobrinus . . .174, 202
Peromyscus m. zamorae 174, 202
Peromyscus melanotis .. . .172, 178, 179
Peromyscus m. zamelas 172, 179
Peromyscus merriami 174, 198
Peromyscus metallicola 173, 192
Peromyscus mexicanus
172, 206, 207, 208
Peromyscus m. orizabae 174, 207
Peromyscus m. saxatilis 174, 207
Peromyscus m. teapensis 172, 207
Peromyscus m. totontepecus
174, 207, 208
808
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE. Peromyscus musculus ....171, 175, 176
Peromyscus m. brunneus 172, 176
Peromyscus m. nigrescens .... 172, 176
Peromyscus nelsoni 214
Peromyscus nudipes 174, 198
Peromyscus nuttalli 169, 183
Peromyscus oaxacensis 174, 206
Peromyscus oresterus 174, 200
Peromyscus paulus 172, 176
Peromyscus pavidus 174, 197
Peromyscus polius 174, 196
Peromyscus propinquus 172, 185
Peromyscus rowleyi 189
Peromyscus r. pinalis 173, 189
Peromyscus rufinus 179
Peromyscus sagax 173, 194
Peromyscus simulatus 174, 205
Peromyscus sonoriensis blandus . . 182
Peromyscus s. fulvus 183
Peromyscus spicilegus
172, 179, 180, 198
Peromyscus s. evides 172, 179
Peromyscus s. simulus 172, 180
Peromyscus Stephens! . . . .173, 190, 199
Peromyscus taylori 175
Peromyscus tehuantepecus . . . . 1 74, 206
Peromyscus texensis 173, 181, 186
Peromyscus t. arizonae
173, 186, 187, 188
Peromyscus t. castaneus 172, 177
Peromyscus t. dementis . .173, 183, 187
Peromyscus t. coolidgii 173, 187
Peromyscus t. deserticola 173, 188
Peromyscus t. flaccidus 173, 187
Peromyscus t. medius 177
Peromyscus t. mesomelas 172, 177
Peromyscus thurberi
.172, 176,177, 178,187
Peromyscus tiburonensis 171, 175
Peromyscus tornillo 173, 188
Peromyscus truii 189, 193, 197
Peromyscus xenurus 174, 202
Peromyscus yucatanicus 173, 194
Peromyscus y. badius 173, 194
Peromyscus zarhynchus 174, 209
Peromyscus z. cristobalensis . .175, 209
Peromyscus zelotes 174, 203
Peropteryx 613
Peropteryx canina 613, 614
perotensis. (Citellus) 140, 145
perotensis . (Cratogeomy s) 312,313,314
PAGE. perotensis. (Dipodomys) . . . .343, 344
perotensis. (Neotomodon) 293
perotensis. (Rhithrodontomys) . .
258, 266
perotensis. (Spermophilus) 145
perpallidus. (Onychomys t.) .165,168 perpallidus. (Thomomys) .. . .334, 340 personata. (Chilonycteris) ...640,641
perspicillatum. (Artibeus) 695
perspicillatum . (Hemiderma) . . .
664, 668, 670
persultator. (Lepus f.) 417, 418
peruana. (Choeronycteris) 682
Petrorhynchus 47
pfeifferi. (Atalpha b.) 593
pfeifferi. (Lasiurus b.) 591, 593
phaeotis. (Dermanura) 699
phaeura. (Heteromys) 375. 379
phaeura. (Liomys) 379
phaeurus. (Peromyscus e.) ... 173, 191
phaeus. (Arvicola m.) 302
phaeus. (Microtus m.) 301, 302
phaeus. (Ototylomys p.) 221
phaiops. (Vespertilio) 587
phenax. (Teanopus) 294, 295
philander. (Didelphys) 9
Philander 1. pallidus 10
phillipsi. (Dipodomys)
. .341, 342,343,344
Phoca 541
Phoca leonina 545
Phoca monachus 542
Phoca proboscidea 545
Phoca richardi 541, 542
Phoca r. geronimensis 542
Phoca tropicalis 543
Phoca ursina 543
Phoca vitulina 541
Phocaena 38, 48
Phocaena brachycium 48
Phocaena communis 48
Phocaena crassidens 51
Phocaena lineata 48
Phocaena phocaena 48, 49
Phocaena vomerina 48
phocaena. (Delphinus) 48
phocasna. (Phocaena) 48, 49
Phocidae 54*
Phyllodia 639
Phyllodia parnelli 642
Phyllonycteris 684
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
809
PAGE.
Phyllonycteris bombifrons 684, 685
Phyllonycteris planifrons 684, 685
Phyllonycteris pceyi 684, 685, 686
Phyllonycteris sezekorni 685, 686
Phyllophora 670
Phyllophora megalotis 660, 662
Phyllops 707
Phyllops falcatum 708
Phyllostoma 665, 666
Phyllostoma albomaculatum 708
Phyllostoma amblyotis 658
Phyllostoma bilabiatum 712
Phyllostoma brevicaudum . . . .667, 668 Phyllostoma hastatum . . .665, 666, 667
Phyllostoma lilium 714, 715
Phyllostoma lineatum 701, 702
Phyllostoma maximum 666
Phyllostoma planirostris 695
Phyllostoma rotundum 718
Phyllostomatida? 639
Phyllostomatinae 649
phyllotis. (Ototylomys) 220, 221
Physalus 42
Physeter 45
Physeter breviceps 46
Physeter floweri 46
Physeter macrocephalus 44, 45
Physeteridae 44
picta. (Neotoma) 278, 287
pictus. (Heteromys) . . . .375, 377, 378
pictus. (Lycaon) 464
pilorides. (Capromys) 389, 390
pilorides. (Holochilus) 222
pilorides. (Isodon) 389, 390
pilorides. (Mus) 250
pilosus. (Erethizon) 397
pinalis. (Peromyscus r.) 173, 189
pinalis. (Sitomys r.) 189
Pinemys 299
pinetis. (Geomys) 310
pinetorum. (Microtus) 303
Pinnipedia 538
Pipistrellus 581
Pipistrellus cinnamomeus 582, 585
Pipistrellus hesperus 582, 583, 584
Pipistrellus h. apus 582, 583
Pipistrellus h. australis . . .582, 583, 584
Pipistrellus merriami 582
Pipistrellus subflavus 584
Pipistrellus vagans 582, 584
Pipistrellus veraecrucis 582, 584
PAGE.
pipistrellus. (Vespertilio) 581
Pitymys 299, 300, 303
plagiodon. (Delphinus) 58
plagiodon. (Prodelphinus) 57, 58
Plagiodontia 382, 395
Plagiodontia a?dium 395, 396
planiceps. (Platygeomys)
318,319,320
planifrons. (Phyllonycteris). .684,685 planirostris. (Artibeus). .693,695,696
planirostris. (Phyllostoma) 695
plantinarensis. (Heteromys) .374,377
plantinarensis. (Liomys) 377
Platygeomys 309, 316, 320
Platygeomys fumosus 318
Platygeomys gy mnurus . . .317,318,319
Platygeomys neglectus 318, 319
Platygeomys planiceps . . .318, 319, 320
Platygeomys tylorhinus 318, 319
Platygeomys t. angustirostris .318, 319
Plecotinae 603
Plecotus 602, 603
Plecotus macrotis 603
Plecotus m. townsendi . . . . '. 604
plethodon. (Monophyllus)
676, 677, 678
plicata. (Balantiopteryx) ....611,612 poeyi. (Phyllonycteris) . .684, 685, 686 poliopus. (Sciurus) . .96, 114, 117, 120
polius. (Peromyscus) 174, 196
pomeegra. (Delphinus) 55
portoricensis. (Chilonycteris) 641,643 portoricensis. (Monophyllus) 676, 677
Potomogale velox 547
Potos 499
Potos flavus 500, 501
Potos f. aztecus 499. 5°°
Potos f. chiriquensis 499, 501
Praticola 299
prehensilis. (Capromys) .390,391,392
prehensilis. (Coendu) 402
prehensilis. (Hystrix) 399
pricii. (Perognathus p.) 357.358
Primates 723
proboscidae. (Phoca) 545
Procapromys 389
Procyon 489, 490
Procyon cancrivorus 490, 492, 493
Procyon lotor 489, 49 1 , 492
Procyon 1. hernandezi . . . .490, 491, 497 Procyon 1. insularis 490, 492
810
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
Procyon maynardi 490
Procyon nivea 491
Procyon psora 491
Procyon pygmaeus 490
Procyonidae 482
Procyoninas 482
Prodelphinus 57
Prodelphinus alope 58
Prodelphinus doreides 58
Prodelphinus euphrosinoides 59
Prodelphinus euphrosyne 58
Prodelphinus longirostris 58
Prodelphinus marginatus 58
Prodelphinus microps 58
Prodelphinus novas-zelandias 59
Prodelphinus plagiodon 5 7 , 58
Prodelphinus stenorhynchus 58
Prodelphinus styx 58
Prodelphinus tethyos 58
Proechinomys 385
Proechinomys burrus 385, 388
Proechinomys centralis. . .385, 386, 387 Proechinomys c. chiriquinus
385,386,387
Proechinomys c. panamensis
385,387,388
Proechinomys semispinosus
385,386,387
Promops 621, 625
Promops abrasus 621, 623
Promops ferox 624
Promops glaucinus . . .621, 622, 623, 624
Promops fumarius 621
Promops leucopleura 623
Promops longimanus 623
Promops nanus 621, 624
Promops nasutus 621, 622
Promops orthotis 621, 623
Promops ursinus 621
propinquus. (Peromyscus) ...172,185 propinquus. (Peromyscus e.) .... 185 propinquus. (Vespertilio f.) . .587, 589
propinquus. (Vesperugo f.) 589
pruinosus. (Lasiurus) 595
Psammomys 298
Pseudorca 51
Pseudorca crassidens 51
Pseudorca destructor 51
Pseudorca grayi 51
Pseudorca meridionalis 51
Pseudostoma 310
PAGE.
Pseudostoma castanops 315
psilotis. (Chilonycteris) 640, 642
psora. (Procyon) 491
Pteroderma 691
Pteromyinae 157
Pteronotus 644
Pteronotus davyi 644
Puma 443
punctata. (Dasyprocta) 405
Pusa 537, 541
Putorius 528, 529
Putorius affinis 531, 532,534
Putorius frenatus
53°. S31. 532, 533, 534
Putorius f. goldmani 531, 533
Putorius f. leucoparia 531, 534
Putorius f. neomexicanus S31, 533
Putorius rixosus 530
Putorius tropicalis 53i> 532
Putorius t. perdus 531
putorius. (Mustela) 529
pygmaea. (Spilogale) 519
pygmaeus. (Procyon) 490
Pygoderma 712
Pygoderma bilabiatum 712, 713
Pygoderma microdon 712
pyladei. (Sciurus) 129
quadridens. (Chilonycteris) 641
quadrivittatum. (Dermanura). . . 701
quadrivittatus. (Sciurus) 138
quadrivittatus. (Tamias) ....135,138
quasiater. (Arvicola) 303
quasiater. (Microtus) 303
quaterlinearis. (Spilogale) 523
quemi. (Capromys) 390
quercinus. (Sciurus w.) 118
quercinus. (Sciurus a.) 118
quica. (Metachirus) ....'. 12
ramona. (Onychomys) 165, 167
raptor. (Bassariscus a.) .... 486
rattus. (Mus) 162, 163, 164
Ratufa 93
redmani. (Monophyllus)
675,676,678,679
Reduncina 68
Reithrodon 256
repens. (Heteromys) 369, 372
rhabdops. (Oryzomys) ..234,237,246 Rhachianectes 40
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
811
PACK.
Rhachinectes glaucus 40
Reithrodon! longicaudus 261
Reithrodon ! megalotis 259
Reithrodon ! mexicanus 264
Rheithrosciurus ! 93
Rhinodelphis 54
Rhinolophus ecaudatus 718
Rhinophoca 545
Rhinosciurus 93
Rhinozolis 513
Rhithrodontomys 161 , 255, 256
Rhithrodontomys australis .. . .257, 259 Rhithrodontomys a. vulcanius .257, 259
Rhithrodontomys aztecus 259
Rhithrodontomys chrysopsis
258, 265, 266
Rhithrodontomys c. tolucae . . .258, 266 Rhithrodontomys colimae .258, 266, 267 Rhithrodontomys c. nerterus -.258, 267 Rhithrodontomys costaricensis . . .
258, 267, 268
Rhithrodontomys c. jalapae . . .258, 267
Rhithrodontomys creper 258, 272
Rhithrodontomys deserti 259
Rhithrodontomys difficilis . . . .257, 263 Rhithrodontomys dorsalis . . . .258, 272 Rhithrodontomys goldmani . . .258, 268 Rhithrodontomys griseiflavus .258, 270 Rhithrodontomys g. helvolus ..258, 270 Rhithrodontomys hirsutus 258, 269, 270 Rhithrodontomys inexpectatus 258, 271 Rhithrodontomys levipes .258, 270, 271
Rhithrodontomys 1. otus 258, 271
Rhithrodontomys 1. toltecus . .258, 271 Rhithrodontomys longicaudus ....
257, 259, 261, 262, 263
Rhithrodontomys 1. pallidus . .257, 262 Rhithrodontomys megalotis
256, 257, 259, 260, 261, 262
Rhithrodontomys m. obscurus.257, 261 Rhithrodontomys m. sestinensis . .
257, 260
Rhithrodontomys m. zacatecae 257, 260 Rhithrodontomys mexicanus
257. 264» 265, 268
Rhithrodontomys m. fulvescens . .
257, 264, 265
Rhithrodontomys m. gracilis . .258, 265 Rhithrodontomys m. intermedius .
257, 264
Rhithrodontomys microdon .. .258, 269
PAGE.
Rhithrodontomys m. albilabris 258, 269 Rhithrodontomys orizabae . . . .258, 266 Rhithrodontomys peninsula? ..257,263 Rhithrodontomys perotensis ..258,266 Rhithrodontomys rufescens . . .258, 268 Rhithrodontomys saturatus
257, 262, 263, 264
Rhithrodontomys s. alticola .. .257, 263 Rhithrodontomys s. cinereus . .257, 262 Rhithrodontomys tenuirostris
258,268,269
Rhithrodontomys t. aureus . . .258, 269
Rhithrodontomys tenuis 258, 265
Rhithronycteris 687
Rhithronycteris aphylla 687, 688
Rhogoessa 600
Rhogoessa alleni 601 , 602
Rhogoessa gracilis 60 1, 602
Rhogoessa parvula 601, 602
Rhogoessa tumida 600, 60 1
rhydinorhis. (Perognathus b.)-357, 362
Rhynchonycteris 608
Rhynchonycteris lineata 609
Rhnychonycteris naso 608, 609
Rhynchonycteris rivalis 609
Rhynchonycteris saxatilis 609
richardi. (Phoca) 541, 542
richardsoni. (Lepus) 437
richardsoni. (Sciurus) 128
richmondi. (Didelphys) 14, 16
richmondi. (Oryzomys) 235,248
richmondi. (Sciurus) 94,103,105
rigidus. (Lepus) 419
rigidus. (Sciurus) 127
ringens. (Tagassu p.) 66
ringens. (Tayassu p.) 66
Rigoon 542
rivalis. (Rhynchonycteris) ....,*. 609
rixosus. (Putorius) .'.... 530
Rodentia 89
Romerolagus 411
Romerlagus diazi 412
Romerolagus nelsoni 411,412
Rosmarus 36
rostratus. (Heteromys p.) . ..375,378
rostratus. (Liomys p.) 378
rostratus. (Oryzomys) ..235,243,244 rostratus. (Perognathus p.) ..357,359
rothschildi. (Coendu) 400, 401
rothschildi. (Dama) 72
rothschildi. (Odontoccelus) . . . .69, 72
812
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
rotundatum. (Sturnira) 715
rotundum. (Phyllostoma) 718
rotundus. (Desmodus) 718, 719
rowleyi. (Peromyscus) 189
rowleyi. (Peromyscus b.) 196
ruatanica. (Dasyprocta) 405
rubiginosa. (Chilonycteris)
. . .641,643,644
rubra. (Lasiurus) 593
rufa. (Felis) 460
rufescens. (Rhithrodontomys) . . .
258, 268
rufescens. (Thomomys) 332
rufinus. (Cervus) 79
rufinus. (Oryzornys j.) 235, 247
rufinus. (Peromyscus) 179
rufipes. (Aotus) 729
rufipes. (Nyctipithecus) 729
rufipes. -(Scrums) 117
rufiventer. (Sciurus) 115
rufiventris. (A teles) 733, 734
rufoniger. (Sciurus) 104
rufum. (Sternoderma) 704
rufus. (Desmodus) 718, 719
rufus. (Lasiurus) 593
rufus. (Molossus) 618, 619, 620
rufus. (Oryzomys) 234, 239
rupestris. (Citellus v.) 141, 150
russatus. (Lepus) 417, 420
Saccomys 368
Saccophorus 310
Saccopteryx 610
Saccopteryx bilineata 610
Saccopteryx inf usca 612
sagax. (Peromyscus) 173, 194
Saimiri 730
Saimiri entomophaga 731
Saimiri oerstedi 730, 731
Saimiri sciurea 731
salvini. (Chiroderma) ...710,711,712
salvini. (Heteromys) 369, 370
salvini. (Sorex) 549, 551
sanctidiegi. (Lepus) 417, 422
sarco vienna. (Chironectes) 3
sartori. (Cervus) 80
sartori. (Mazama) 79, 80
saturation (Oryzomys c.) . . . .234, 239
saturatus. (Myotis y.) 572>577
saturatus. (Rhithrodontomys) . . .
257, 262, 263, 264
PAGE. saturatus. (Sigmodon h.) ... .222, 225
saussurii. (Sorex) 550, 55 1, 553
saxatilis. (Peromyscus m.) ... 174, 207
saxatilis. (Rhynchonycteris) 609
saxicola. (Bassariscus) 484, 485
saxicola. (Citellus h.) . . . 139, 140, 142
saxicola. (Spermophilus h.) 142
scalops. (Geomys) 322, 324
scalops. (Orthogeomys) .322,323,324
Scalops townsendi 564
scammoni. (Globicephalus) ... .52, 54
Scapanus 564
Scapanus anthonyi 564, 565
Scapanus calif ornicus 565
Schizostoma 660
Schizostoma hirsutus 661
schlegelii. (Orcinus) 51
sciurea. (Saimiri) 731
sciurea. (Simia) 730
Sciuridae 90, 9 1 , 93
Sciurinae 90, 92
Sciuropterus 157
Sciuropterus volans 157, 158
Sciuropterus volucella 158
Sciurus 90, 92, 93, 94
Sciurus aberti 112
Sciurus adolphei 98, 114, 126, 127
Sciurus a. dorsalis . .96, 97, 98, 114, 127
Sciurus aestuans 104
Sciurus as. chiriquensis . . . .94, 103, 104 Sciurus ae. hoffmanni. .94, 103, 104, 105
Sciurus affinis 124
Sciurus albipes 117
Sciurus a. colimensis 120
Sciurus a. effugius 120
Sciurus a. hernandezi 118
Sciurus a. nemoralis 118
Sciurus a. quercinus 118
Sciurus alfari 94, 99
Sciurus alleni 95, 106, 108
Sciurus alstoni 108
Sciurus anthonyi 130
Sciurus apache 95, 107, no
Sciurus arizonensis
95, 102, 107, 108, 109
Sciurus a. huachuca 95, 107, 109
Sciurus aureigaster
. . .95,98, 113, 114, 115, 1 16, 123, 124
Sciurus a. frumentor 95, 114, 117
Sciurus a. hypopyrrhus 96, 98, 114, 116 Sciurus aureigaster 115, 116, 124
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
813
PAGE.
Sciurus a. leucops 119
Sciurus aurogaster! 115
Sciurus boothiae . .97, 114, 126, 127, 128
Sciurus b. belti 98, 114, 128
Sciurus b. managuensis 129
Sciurus boquetensis 94, 99, 100
Sciurus browni 94, 99, 100
Sciurus caniceps 93
Sciurus capistratus 107
Sciurus carolinensis
107, 108, 109, no, 125
Sciurus c. yucatanensis 125
Sciurus collaei
97, 109, 114, 121, 122, 123, 129
Sciurus c. nuchalis 97, 114, 122
Sciurus deppii 94, 101, 102
Sciurus d. vivax 94, 101, 102
Sciurus douglasi albolimbatus .... 133
Sciurus d. mearnsi 94, 132, 133
Sciurus durangi 97, 112
Sciurus ferrugineiventris 115
Sciurus fossor 130
Sciurus fuscovariegatus 128
Sciurus goldmani 97, 115, 130
Sciurus griseiflavus
98, 108, no, 114, 124, 125
Sciurus g. chiapensis 98, 114, 125
Sciurus griseigena 101, 104
Sciurus griseigenys 104
Sciurus griseus 97, 130, 131
Sciurus hermanni 130
Sciurus hypopyrrhus
107, 115, 121, 126, 127, 128, 129
Sciurus hypoxanthus 115
Sciurus intermedius 127
Sciurus leporinus 130
Sciurus leucogaster 115
Sciurus leucops 115, 117, 119, 123
Sciurus ludovicianus 1 24
Sciurus 1. limitis no
Sciurus managuensis 97, 114, 129
Sciurus maurus 116
Sciurus mearnsi 132
Sciurus melania 97, 114, 128
Sciurus mexicanus 146
Sciurus morio 116
Sciurus mustelinus 115
Sciurus nayaritensis .. .95, 106, 107, 108
Sciurus negligens 94, 101, 102
Sciurus nelsoni . . . .96, 98, 114, 120, 121 Sciurus n. hirtus 96, 98, 1 14, 121
PAGE.
Sciurus nicoyana 127
Sciurus niger 115
Sciurus n. ludovicianus no
Sciurus n. melanonotus 107
Sciurus oculatus 95, 106, 107, 108
Sciurus o. tolucae 95, 106, 107
Sciurus poliopus ..96, 114, 117, 118, 120
Sciurus p. cervicalis 96, 1 14, 1 19
Sciurus p. colimensis 95, 114, 119
Sciurus p. effugius 96, 114, 120
Sciurus p. hernandezi ..95,96,114,118
Sciurus p. nemoralis 96, 114, 118
Sciurus pyladei 129
Sciurus quadrivittatus 138
Sciurus richardsoni 128
Sciurus richmondi 94, 103, 105
Sciurus rigidus 127
Sciurus rufipes 117
Sciurus rufiventer :.... 115
Sciurus r. texensis 95, no, in
Sciurus rufoniger 104
Sciurus sinaloensis 97, 114, 122
Sciurus socialis 95, 96, 114, 123
Sciurus s. cocos 95, 96, 114, 124
Sciurus soricinus 93
Sciurus striatus 134
Sciurus taeniurus 101
Sciurus tephrogaster 101
Sciurus thomasi 98, 114, 126
Sciurus truii 97, 114, 123
Sciurus variabilis 105
Sciurus v. morulus 96, 104, 105
Sciurus variegatoides 97, 114, 129
Sciurus variegatus
115,116, 117, 119, 123, 1 48
Sciurus v. grammurus 149
Sciurus varius 117
Sciurus volans 157
Sciurus wagneri 117
Sciurus w. cervicalis 119
Sciurus w. colimensis 120
Sciurus w. effugius 120
Sciurus w. nemoralis 118
Sciurus w. quercinus 118
Sciurus xanthotus 104
Sciurus yucatanensis
96, 97, 114, 125, 126
Sciurus y. baliolus 96, 114, 126
sclateri. (Sorex) 550, 552
Scotophilus f. cubensis 588
Scotophilus f. miradorensis 588
814
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
Scotophilus hesperus 582
scotti. (Urocyon c.) 475, 477
scrobiculatus. (Micron ycteris) ... 662
sellata. (Myrmecophaga) 28
sellata. (Tamandua) 26, 28
Selysius 570
semispinosus. (Echinomys) 386
semispinosus. (Proechinomys) . . .
..385,386,387
senegalensis. (Trichechus) 35
Senetheres 399
senex. (Centurio) 716, 717
genex. (Galictis b.) 525
senex. (Grisonia b.) 524
senicula. (Mormops m.) 646, 648
Seniocebus 724
seorsus. (Zygodontomys) . . . .253, 254 sestinensis. (Rhithrodontomys m.)
257, 260
setosus. (Heteromys c.) 375, 380
setosus. (Liomys) 380
sezekorni. (Phylkmycteris) ..685,686
Sibbaldius 42
Sibbaldius sulfureus 42, 43
Sibbaldus 42
Sigmodon 222, 234, 255
Sigmodon alleni 222, 224
Sigmodon alticola 224, 231
Sigmodon a. amoles 224, 231
Sigmodon austerulus 224, 231
Sigmodon baileyi 226
Sigmodon berlandieri 227
Sigmodon borucas 224
Sigmodon b. chiriquensis 225
Sigmodon fulviventer 224, 232
Sigmodon hispidus 222, 228, 232
Sigmodon h. arizonae 224, 228
Sigmodon h. baileyi 223, 226
Sigmodon h. berlandieri . .224, 225, 227 Sigmodon h. borucas
222, 223, 224, 225, 232
Sigmodon h. chiriquensis 222, 225
Sigmodon h. eremicus 224, 227
Sigmodon h. furvus 223, 225
Sigmodon h. inexoratus 224, 229
Sigmodon h. major 224, 226, 228
Sigmodon h. mascotensis .223, 227, 229
Sigmodon h. microdon 223, 226
Sigmodon h. pallidus 228
Sigmodon h. saturatus 222, 225
Sigmodon h. texensis 228
PAGE.
Sigmodon h. toltecus 223, 226
Sigmodon h. tonalensis 224, 229
Sigmodon leucotis 224, 230, 231
Sigmodon mascotensis 227
Sigmodon melanotis 224, 232
Sigmodon minimus 224, 230
Sigmodon ochrognathus 224, 230
Sigmodontomys 254
Sigmodontomys alfari 254, 255
Silvilagus 413, 414, 416
Simia belzebul 726
Simia hypoleucus 736
Simia midas 723
Simia paniscus 732
Simia sciurea 730
Simia trivirgata 728
similis. (Dipodomys) 347
simiolus. (Dipodomys m.)
343.344,347
simplex. (Neotoma) 279
simulatus. (Peromyscus) .... 174, 205 simulus. (Peromyscus s.) ....172,180
sinaloae. (Marmosa) 5,6
sinaloae. (Neotoma) 277, 283
sinaloae. (Odontocoelus) 70, 78
sinaloa;. (Thomomys) 334, 339
sinaloensis. (Sciurus) 97, 114, 122
Sirenia 35
Sitomys a. arizonae 186
Sitomys a. thurberi 176
Sitomys decolorus 216
Sitomys gilberti 195
Sitomys martirensis 189
Sitomys musculus 175
Sitomys r. pinalis 189
socialis. (Cynomys) 155
socialis. (Sciurus) 95, 96, 114, 123
Solenodon 567
Solenodon cubanus 566, 567
Solenodon paradoxus 567, 568
Solenodon tidae 548, 565, 566
sonora. (Lutra c.) 535, 536
sonorana. (Heteromys) 375, 379
sonorana. (Liomys) 379
sonoriense. (Dicotyles a.) 64
sonoriense. (Tagassu a.) 62, 64
sonoriensis. (Citellus t.) 140, 144
sonoriensis. (Conepatus) 514
sonoriensis. (Hesperomys 1.) .... 181 sonoriensis. (Peromyscus a.) .... 182 sonoriensis. (Peromyscus 1.)
172, 181, 183
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
815
PAGE. sonoriensis. (Spermophilus t.) ... 144
Sorex . 547, 549
Sorex araneus 549
Sorex brevicaudus 555
Sorex caudatus 552, 553
Sorex crawfordi 554
Sorex c. evotis 555
Sorex godmani 550, 552
Sorex macrodon 550, 552
Sorex obscurus 550
Sorex o. ventralis 549, 550, 551
Sorex oreopolus 549, 550
Sorex-orinus 549, 550, 553
Sorex orizabas 549, 550
Sorex salvini 549, 551
Sorex saussurii 550, 551, 553
Sorex s. mutabilis 550, 553
Sorex sclateri 550, 552
Sorex stizodon 550, 551, 552
Sorex talpoides 555
Sorex vagrans 553
Sorex veraepacis 550, 551
Soricidae 547, 548
soricina. (Blarina) 557, 560
soricina. (Glossophaga) . .671, 672, 683
Soricinae 548
soricinus. (Hemiderma) 669
soricinus. (Sciurus) 93
soricinus. (Vespertilio) 670, 672
Soriciscus 556
sowerbiarms. (Delphinus) 55
spectabilis. (Dipodomys) . . . .343, 345
Spectrellum 63 1
spectrum. (Sturnira) 714, 715
spectrum. (Vampyrus) 655, 656
spectrum. (Vespertilio) 655, 656
speleus. (Odocoileus !) 68
Spermatophilus 139
Spermophilopsis 139
Spermophilus 139
Spermophilus annulatus 151
Spermophilus a. goldmani 150
Spermophilus grammurus 149
Spermophilus harrisi 141
Spermophilus h. saxicola 142
Spermophilus interpres 143
Spermophilus leucurus 142
Spermophilus macrourus 149
Spermophilus m. parvidens 146
Spermophilus perotensis 145
Spermophilus spilosoma 145
PAGE.
Spermophilus s. spilosoma 145
Spermophilus tereticaudus 144
Spermophilus t. sonoriensis 144
Spermophilus v. atricapillus 150
Spermophilus v. fisheri 150
spicilegus. (Peromyscus)
172, 179, 180, 198
spiculatum. (Sturnira) 715
Spilogale 519
Spilogale ambigua 519, 521
Spilogale angustifrons 519, 521
Spilogale a. martirensis 519, 521
Spilogale a. tropicalis 519, 521.
Spilogale arizonae 521, 522
Spilogale bicolor 523
Spilogale gracilis 521
Spilogale interrupta. .519, 520, 522, 523
Spilogale lucasana 519, 523
Spilogale pygmaea 519
Spilogale quaterlinearis 523
spilosoma. (Citellus) 140, 145
spilosoma. (Spermophilus) 145
spinatus. (Perognathus)
357. 362. 363, 364
splendens. (Neotoma) 278
splendidus. (Natalis) 632
stelleri. (Latax) 537
Stemmatopus 541
stenorhynchus. (Orcinus) 51
stenorhynchus. (Prodelphinus) . . 58 stephensi. (Peromyscus) .173,190,199
Sternoderma 704, 705
Sternoderma achradophilum . .705, 707
Sternoderma flavescens 707
Sternoderma jamaicensis 707
Sternoderma luciae 705, 706
Sternoderma montserratense
7°4, 70S, 7°6
Sternoderma nichollsi 704, 706
Sternoderma rufum 704
Sternoderma sulphureum 707
Sternoderma tolteca 699
Sternodermatas 691
Sternodermatinae 691
stizodon. (Sorex) 550, 551, 552
stonii. (Ovis) 85
stramineus. (Natalis) ...631,632,633
striatus. (Sciurus) 134
Sturnira 714
Sturnira albescens 715
Sturnira chilense 715
816
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
Sturnira chrysocoma 715
Sturnira erythromos 715
Sturnira excisum 715
Sturnira lilium 714, 715
Sturnira oporaphilum 715
Sturnira rotundatum 715
Sturnira spectrum 714, 715
Sturnira spiculatum 715
styx. (Prodelphinus) 58
subcinctus. (Lepus f.) . . .416,417,418
subflavus. (Pipistrellus) 584
subulatus. (Myotis) 572, 580
subulatus. (Vespertilio) 580
Suidag 6 1
sulfurea. (Balaenoptera) ....38,42,43
sulfureus. (Sibbaldius) 42, 43
sulphureum. (Sternoderma) 707
sumichrasti. (Bassariscus) 487
sumichrasti. (Hesperomys) ..214,216 sumichrasti. (Nyctomys) ... .215, 216
sumichrasti. (Reithrodon !) 264
Sus albirostris 66
Sus tajacu 61
sylvaticus. (Lepus) 415
sylvestris. (Glyphonycteris) . .663,664
Sylvicola 299
Synotus 603
Synthetosciurus 90, 91
Synthetosciurus brochus 9i» 92
tabacensis. (Didelphys m.) .... 14, 16
tabernaculi. (Halicore) 36
taczanowski. (Agouti) 403, 408
taeniurus. (Sciurus) 101
Tagassu 61
Tagassu albirostris 66
Tagassu a. crassum 62, 64
Tagassu angulatum 62, 63, 64, 65
Tagassu a. humerale 62, 63
Tagassu a. sonoriense 62, 64
Tagassu a. yucatanense 62, 63
Tagassu crusnigrum 62, 65
Tagassu labiatus 66
Tagassu nanus 62
Tagassu pecari 65, 66, 67
Tagassu p. ringens 66
Tagassuidae 61
tajacu. (Dicotyles) 63
tajacu. (Sus) 61
talamancae. (Oryzomys) 234, 241
Talpidc-e 548, 563
PAGE.
Talpinae 564
talpoides. (Sorex) 555
Talposorex 556
Tamandua 24, 26
Tamandua bivittata 27
Tamandua crispus 27
Tamandua myosura 27
Tamandua sellata 26, 28
Tamandua tetradactyla 26, 27, 28
Tamanduas 26
Tamias 134
Tamias a. merriami 137
Tamias bulleri 135, 136, 137
Tamias dorsalis 135
Tamias durangae 135, 137
Tamias interpres 143
Tamias leucurus 142
Tamias 1. peninsula? 143
Tamias merriami 135, 136, 137
Tamias obscurus 134, 135, 136
Tamias quadrivittatus 135, 138
Tamias q. pallidus 135
Tamiasciurus 90, 94, 132
Tapeti 413> 4*4. 426
Taphozous 612
Tapirella 87
Tapirella bairdi 87, 88
Tapirella dowi 87, 88
Tapiridas 87
Tatu 32
Tatu hybrida 32
Tatu leptorhynchum 34
Tatu longicaudum 33
Tatu peba 33
Tatu m. fenestratum 33
Tatu novemcinctum 33, 34
Tatu octocinctum 33
Tatoua 31
Tatoua centralis 32
Tatuinas 32 , 33
Tatusia 32
Taxidea 503
Taxidea t. berlandieri 503, 504, 505
Taxidea t. infusca 503, 505
Taxidea t. neglecta 505
Taxidea t. typica 506
Tayassu 61
Tayassu a. crassum 64
Tayassu a. humerale 63
Tayassu a. yucatanense 63
Tayassu crusnigrum 65
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
817
PAGE.
Tayassu nanus 62
Tayassu pecari 66
Tayassu p. ringens 66
taylori. (Peromyscus) 175
Tayra 524
Teanopus 294
Teanopus phenax 294, 295
teapensis. (Oryzomys) 235, 247
teapensis. (Peromyscus m.) ..172,207
tectorum. (Mus) 164
tectus. (Oryzomys) 235, 245
teguina (Acodon) 273, 274, 275
teguina. (Hesperomys) 273
tehuantepecus. (Peromyscus) 174, 206
teliotis. (Atalapha b.) 593
teliotis. (Lasiurus b.) . . . 591, 593, 594
tema. (Mazama) 80
tenuicauda. (Neotoma) . .278, 286, 289
tenuidorsalis. (Myotis) 578
tenuis. (Rhithrodontomys) ..258,265 tenuirostris. (Rhithrodontomys)..
258, 268, 269
Tenotis 134
Teonoma 275, 295
tephrogaster. (Sciurus) 101
tereticaudus. (Citellus) 140, 144
tereticaudus. (Spermophilus) .... 144
Terricola 299
tesselatus. (Lasiurus) 593
tethyos. (Prodelphinus) 58
tetradactyla. (Myrmecophaga) .26, 27 tetradactyla. (Tamandua) ..26,27,28
Tetramerodon 299
texensis. (Conepatus 1.) 514, 515
texensis. (Didelphis m.) 14, 16
texensis. (Dorcelaphus a.) 70
texensis. (Felis r.) 456, 458
texensis. (Hesperomys) 186
texensis. (Heteromys) 381
texensis. (Lepus) 432, 435
texensis. (Odontocoelus a.) 69, 70
texensis. (Peromyscus)
173, 181, 185, 186
texensis. (Sciurus r.) 95, no, 1 1 1
texensis. (Sigmodon h.) 228
texensis. (Urocyon c.) 475. 47$
Thalarctos 479
Thalassarctos 479
thersites. (Nasua) 496
Thiosmus 513
thomasi. (Megadontomys) 212, 213, 214
PAGE.
thomasi. (Odontocoelus) 69, 75
thomasi. (Sciurus) 98, 114, 126
Thomomys 309, 310, 332
Thomomys aphrastus 334, 336
Thomomys atrovarius .. . .333, 334. 338
Thomomys bulbivorus 332
Thomomys cervinus 334, 339, 340
Thomomys clusius 340
Thomomys fulvus
333. 334. 335. 336. 337. 33»
Thomomys f. alticola 333. 335
Thomomys f. anitae 333, 335
Thomomys f. nigricans 333, 335
Thomomys f. intermedius . . . .333, 336
Thomomys goldmani 334, 339
Thomomys martirensis 333, 336
Thomomys nelsoni 334, 339
Thomomys orizabae 334. 337
Thomomys perditus 334, 338, 339
Thomomys peregrinus 334, 337
Thomomys perpallidus 334, 340
Thomomys rufescens 332
Thomomys sinaloae 334, 339
Thomomys toltecus 334, 338, 339
Thomomys umbrinus 334
thoracatus. (Capromys) 390, 394
thurberi. (Peromyscus)
. .172,176,177, 178, 187
thurberi. (Sitomys a.) 176
Thylamys 5
Thyroptera 637
Thyroptera discifera 637, 638
Thyroptera tricolor 637
thysanodes. (Myotis) . . .571, 572, 573 tiburonensis. (Peromyscus) ..171,175 tigrina. (Felis).. ..445,449,450
timidus. (Lepus) 413
tolteca. (Felis j.) 445, 452
tolteca. (Sternoderma) 699
toltecus. (Cervus) 74
toltecus. (Hesperomys) 226
toltecus. (Odontoccelus) 69, 74
toltecus. (Rhithrodontomys 1.) . .
. .258, 271
toltecus. (Sigmodon h.) 223, 226
toltecus. (Thomomys) . . . 334, 338, 339 tolucae. (Rhithrodontomys c.) 258, 266
tolucae. (Sciurus o.) 95, 106, 107
tonalensis. (Sigmodon h.) . . . . 224, 229
Tonatia 658
Tonatia amblyotis 658, 659
818
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
tornillo. (Peromyscus) 173, 1 88
torquata. (Neotoma) 277, 279
torridus. (Heterogeomys)
325.326,372
torridus. (Heteromys)
372,374,376,377
torridus. (Liomys) 376
torridus. (Onychomys)
165, 166, 167, 168
totontepecus. (Peromyscus m.) . .
174, 207, 208
townsendi. (Arctocephalus) 544
townsendi. (Corynorhinus m.) . . .
603, 604
townsendi. (Plecotus m.) 604
townsendi. (Scalops) 564
Trachyops 664
Trachyops cirrhosus 664, 665
Trachyops fuliginosus 664, 665
Trachyops mexicanus 665
Trichechidae 36
Trichechus 36
Trichechus americanus 37
Trichechus australis 37
Trichechus fluviatilis 37
Trichechus inunguis 35
Trichechus manatus 35, 36, 37
Trichechus senegalensis 35
Trichocoryes 716
trichopus. (Zygogeomys) 330,331,332
tricolor. (Thyroptera) 637
tridactyla. (Myrmecophaga) 24, 29, 30
tridactylus. (Bradypus) 21
trinitatis. (Echimys!) 385
Trinodontomys 170
trivirgata. (Simia) 728
tropicalis. (Blarina) 557, 559, 560
tropicalis. (Conepatus) ..514, 517, 518
tropicalis. (Corsica) 559
tropicalis. (Monachus) 543
tropicalis. (Neotoma) 278, 288
tropicalis. (Phoca) 543
tropicalis. (Putorius) 53i» 532
tropicalis. (Spilogale a.) 519,521
tropidorhynchus. (Molossus) .619,620
trowbridgii. (Lepus) 429
truii. (Lepus) 414, 415
truii. (Odontoccelus) . . . .69, 73, 74, 75
truii. (Peromyscus) 189, 193, 197
truii. (Sciurus) 97, 114, 123
truncatus. (Tursiops) 56
PAGE.
tumbalensis. (Tylomys) 217,218
tumida. (Rhogoessa) . . .600, 601, 602 tumidifrons. (Chilonatalis) -.635,637
Tupaiidas 547
Tursio 45
tursio. (Delphinus) 55, 56
Tursiops 55, 57
Tursiops communis 56
Tursiops compressicauda 56
Tursiops cymodice 56
Tursiops eurynome 56
Tursiops gilli 47, 56
Tursiops truncatus 56
Tursiops tursio 56
tursio. (Tursiops) 56
tuza. (Mus) 310
Tylomys 217, 221
Tylomys bullaris 217,219
Tylomys nudicaudus 217, 218, 219
Tylomys panamensis 217, 219
Tylomys tumbalensis 217, 218
Tylomys watsoni 217,219
tylorhinus. (Platygeomys) . . 318, 319 typica. (Taxidag t.) 506
umbrinus. (Thomomys) 334
umbrosus. (Microtus) 304, 305
underwoodi. (Hylonycteris) .... 675
Ungulata 60
unicinctus. (Dasypus) 31
Urocryptus 610
Urocryptus. bilineata 610
Urocyon 471, 474
Urocyon cinereo-argenteus . . . .477, 478
Urocyon c. californicus 475, 477
Urocyon c. fraterculus. . . .474, 475, 47^
Urocyon c. guatemalae 475
Urocyon c. littoralis 475
Urocyon c. parvidens 475, 476
Urocyon c. scotti 475, 477
Urocyon c. texensis 475, 478
Uroderma 697
Uroderrna bilobatum 697
Uroderma convexum 697, 698
Uroleptes 26
Ursidae 479
ursina. (Phoca) 543
Ursinae 479
ursinus. (Molossus) 619
ursinus. (Promops) 621
ursinus. (Vespertilio) 587
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
819
PAGE.
Ursus 479
Ursus arctus 479
Ursus cancrivorous 492
Ursus horriaeus 479, 480
Ursus lotor 490
Ursus machetes 479. 481
vagans. (Pipistrellus) 582, 584
vagans. (Vesperugo) 584
vagrans. (Sorex) 553
Vampyrella 660
Vampyressa 701
Vampyriscus 701
Vampyrodes 701
Vampyrops 7Oi> 7*o
Vampyrops helleri 701, 702, 703
Vampyrops lineatus . 701, 702, 703, 704
Vampyrops vittatus 701, 703, 704
Vampyrus 655, 660, 665
Vampyrus auritus 656, 657, 658
Vampyrus bidens 658, 660
Vampyrus cirrhosus 664, 665
Vampyrus spectrum 655, 656
variabilis. (Bassariscus) 487
variabilis. (Sciurus) 105
variegatoides. (Sciurus). ..97, 114, 129
variegatus. (Ateles) 733
variegatus. (Chironectes) 3
variegatus. (Citellus) .... 141, 148, 149
variegatus. (Delphinus) 55
variegatus. (Sciurus)
115,116, 117, 119, 123, 148
varius. (Sciurus) 117
vegetus. (Oryzomys) 235, 249
velifer. (Myotis) 571, 573, 574
velifer. (Myotis a.) 572
velifer. (Vespertilio) 573
velifera. (Balsenoptera) 42, 43
vellerosus. (Ateles) 732, 733
velox. (Molossus) 620
velox. (Potomogale) 547
venaticus. (Icticyon) 464
ventralis. (Sorex o.) ... .549, 550, 551
venusta. (Neotoma) 284
veraecrucis. (Heteromys) . . . .375, 379
veraecrucis. (Lepus) 417, 420
veraecrucis. (Liomys) 379
veraecrucis. (Pipistrellus) 582, 584
veraecrucis. (Vesperugo) 584
veraepacis. (Sorex) 550, 551
verrucatum. (Hermiderma) 669
PAGE.
versabilis. (Megaptera) 41
Vesperimus 170
Vesperimus difficilis 193
Vesperimus fratcrculus 184
Vespertilio 570, 585
Vespertilio albescens 573
Vespertilio albigularis 587, 590
Vespertilio arquatus 587
Vespertilio borealis 591, 592
Vespertilio californicus 578
Vespertilio c. mexicanus 579
Vespertilio caninus 613, 614
Vespertilio carolinensis 587
Vespertilio cinereus 595
Vespertilio dutertreus 588
Vespertilio evotis 574
Vespertilio fuscus 586, 587, 588, 589, 590
Vespertilio f. bahamensis 587, 588
Vespertilio f. bernardinus 587, 588
Vespertilio f. cubensis 587, 588
Vespertilio f. miradorensis 587, 588, 590
Vespertilio f. peninsulae 587, 589
Vespertilio f. propinquus 587, 589
Vespertilio gaumeri 587, 590
Vespertilio greenii 587
Verpertilio hastatus 666
Vespertilio humeralis 597, 598
Vespertilio lepidus 634
Vespertilio leporinus 617
Vespertilio 1. mastivus 617
Vespertilio lepturus 610
Vespertilio lucifugus 580
Vespertilio melanops 587
Vespertilio murinus 570, 585
Vespertilio myotis 570
Vespertilio naso 608
Vespertilio pallidus 605
Vespertilio phaiops 587
Vespertilio pispistrellus 581
Vespertilio soricinus 670, 672
Vespertilio spectrum 655, 656
Vespertilio subulatus 580
Vespertilio ursinus 587
Vespertilio velifer 573
Vespertilio yumanensis 576
Vespertilionidaa 569, 570
Vespertilioninae 570
Vesperugo 585
Vesperugo f . propinquus 589
Vesperugo vagans 584
Vesperugo veraecrucis 584
aae
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
PAGE.
Vesperus ' 586
Vesperus albigularis 590
vetulus. (Hodomys) 295, 297
vicinior. (Peromyscus b.) . . . . 173, 190
victus. (Oryzomys) 235, 244
viglis. (Canis) 465. 467
villosa. (Alouatta) 726
villostim. (Chiroderma) 710
villosus. (Mycetes) 726
virgata. (Agouti p.) 408, 409
virginianus. (Odontocoelus) 70
virgo. (Declidurus) 615
Vison 530
vittata. (Grison) 526
vittata. (Mephitis m.) 507, 512
vittata. (Viverra) 524
\-ittatus. (Vampyrops) . . .701, 703, 704
vitulina. (Phoca) 541
vivax. (Sciurus d.) 94,101,102
Viverra caudivolvula 499
Viverra ichneumon 461
Viverra mungo 462
Viverra nasua 494
Viverra vittata 524
Viverridae 460
vivesi. (Myotis) 572, 574
vociferans. Aotus) 729
vociferans. (Xyctipithecus) 729
volans. (Mus) 158
volans. (Myotis) 578
volans. (Sciuropterus) 157, 158
volans. (Sciurus) 157
volucella. (Sciuropterus) 158
vomerina. (Phocaena) 48
vulcanius. (Rhithrodontomys a.) .
257,259
Vulpes 471
vulpes. (Canis) 471
Vulpes macrotis 472, 473
Wagneria 483
wagneri. (Perodipus) 351
wagneri. (Sciurus) 117
walkeri. (Delphinus) 55
washingtoni. (Lepus) 410
waterhousii. (Otopterus)
651, 652,653,654
waterhousii. (Macrotus) 652
watsoni. (Artibeus) 693. 696
watsoni. (Tylomys) 217, 219
PAGE. xanthinus. (Dasypterus e.) 595, 596, 597
xanthotus. (Sciurus) 104
xanti. (Lepus c.) 431,438
Xenomys 291, 294
Xenomys nelsoni 291, 292
Xenurus 31
xenurus. (Peromyscus) 174, 202
xerampelinus. (Acodon) 273.275
Xerospermophilus 139, 140, 143
Xylomys 368, 381
Xylomys nelsoni 381
yakiensis. (Onychonys t.) 742
yapock. (Chironectes) 3
yucatanense (Tagassu a.) 62, 63
yucatanense. (Tayassu a.) 63
yucatanensis. (Didelphys) 14, 15
yucatanensis. (Odontocrelus) .... 74 yucatanensis. (Oryzomys).. . .234, 236
yucatanensis. (Sciurus)
96, 97, 114, 125, 126
yucatanensis. (Sciurus c.) 125
yucataniae. (Coendu m.) 400, 402
yucatanica. (Xasua n.) 495. 498
yucatanicus. (Lepus f.) 417, 419
yucatanicus. (Xyctinomops) ..625, 626 yucatanicus. (Peromyscus) ..173,194 yumanensis. (Myotis) 572, 576, 577, 578 yumanensis. (Vespertilio) 576
zacatecae. (Rhithrodontomys m.).
257, 260
zacatecas. (Perognathus h.) ..357, 361
Zalophus 539
Zalophus calif ornianus 539, 540
Zalophus gillespii 539
zamelas. (Peromj'scus m.) ... 172, 179 zamorae. (Peromyscus m.). . . .174, 202 zarhynchus. (Peromyscus) . . . 174. 209
zelotes. (Peromyscus) 1 74, 203
zibethicus. (Castor) 307
Ziphiorrhynchus 47
Ziphius 38, 47
Ziphius cavirostris 47
Zygodontomys 252
Zygodontomys brevicauda 25 $
Zygodontomys cherrii 252, 253
Zygodontomys chrysomelas 253
Zygodontomys seorsus 253. 254
Zygogeomys 310, 330
Zygogeomys trichopus 330. 331, 332
zygomaticus. (Oryzomys) . . .234, 241
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
VOL. IV, PARTS I AND II.
PAGE.
Acapulco Cottontail 744
Acapulco Squirrel 124
Active Rice Rat 250
Active Wood Rat 282
African Antelope 60
Agouta 548, 568
Agouti 408
Agouti. Coiba 407
Agouti, Crested 407
Agouti, Cunning 406
Agouti, Isthmian 407
Agouti, Mexican 405
Agouti, Ruatan Island 405
Agouti, Spotted 405
Agoutis 403
Alaskan Brown Bear 478
Alfaro's Pigmy Squirrel 99
Alfaro's Rice Rat 242, 255
Alien Mouse 208
Allamand's Orison 526
Allen's Cotton Rat 224
Allen's Jack Rabbit 434
Allen's Opossum 13
Allen's Spiny Mouse 376
Allen's Squirrel 108
Allen's Wood Rat 297
Allied Bat 584
Allied Brown Bat 589
Allied Desert Mouse 185
Allied Field Mouse 180
Allied Hare 424
Allied House Mouse ! . . . . 180
Allied Kangaroo Rat 347
Allied Mouse 192
Allied Sapajou 737
Allied Spiny Rat 371
Allied Weasel 534
Almiqui 548, 567
Alpine Cotton Rat 231
Alpine Harvest Mouse 266
Alston's Mouse 273
Alston's Opossum 9
Alston's Wood Rat 294
PAGE.
Alta Mira Cottontail 743
Alta Mira Jack Rabbit 745
Ameca Harvest Mouse 270
American Bison 60, 83
American Ground Squirrels 134
American Mammals 255
American Porcupines 397
American Rodents 133, 158
American Shrews 548, 555
American Squirrels 93
Amoles Cotton Rat 231
Ancient Pocket Gophers 320
Anteater, Great 24, 29, 30
Anteater, Little or Two-toed .... 25, 26
Anteater, Saddle-back 28
Anteater, Three-toed 27,28
Anteaters 19, 24
Antelope 60
Antelope, African 60
Antelope, Dik-Dik 60
Antelope, Prong-horn 81,82
Antelopes 83
Anthony's Field Mouse 185
Anthony's Mole 565
Anthony's Pocket Mouse 366
Antilles Bat 672
Antique Bat 648
Apache 453,491
Apache Squirrel no
Apazote Mouse 194
Apazote Rat 221
Apazote Squirrel 102
Aquatic Rats 89
Arboreal Rats 388
Arctic Hares 410
Arctic Right Whale 39
Arctic Weasel 528
Ardilla 115
Arizona Cotton Rat 228
Arizona Field Mouse 186
Arizona Gray Squirrel 109
Arizona Hare 423
Arizona Prairie-dog 154
821
822
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE.
Armadillo, Miller's 31, 32
Armadillo, Mule 32
Armadillo, Nine-banded 34
Armadillos 19, 30, 31, 32
Armado 34
Armeria Peccary 63
Ash-colored Hare 429
Ashy Gray Field Mouse 195
Ashy Opossum 6
Attwater's Swamp Hare 414
Audubon's Hare 422
Aztec Kinkajou 500
Aztec Mouse 184
Aztec Rice Rat 245
Bachman's Wood Hare 429
Badger 502
Badger, Berlandier's 504, 505
Badger, Lower California 505
Badger, Mexican 504
Badgers 502, 503
Bahama Bat, Flat- forehead 685
Bahama Brown Bat 588
Bahaman Free-tailed Bat 630
Bailey's Cotton Rat 226
Bailey's Lynx 459
Bailey's Pocket Mouse 361
Baird's Pocket Mouse 354
Baird's Tapir 87
Baleen Whale 40
Baleen Whales 38, 39
Banded-back Squirrel 127
Banderas Field Mouse 190
Bangs' Red Mouse 275
Barbadoes Nose-leaf Bat 677
Barber's Squirrel 741
Bat 655
Bat, Allied 584
Bat, Allied Brown 589
Bat, Antilles 672
Bat, Antique 648
Bat, Bahama Brown 588
Bat, Bahaman Free-tailed 630
Bat, Barbadoes Nose-leaf 677
Bat, Bayamon 685
Bat, Big-eared 604, 648
Bat, Big-eared Pale 605
Bat, Blackish Mastiff 620
Bat, Bocourt's Large-eared 654
Bat, Booth's 642
Bat, Boquete Tailless 721
PAGE.
Bat, Brown 587
Bat, Buller's Large-eared 654
Bat, California Large-eared 653
Bat, California Red 549
Bat, Cardonal Islands . . . 574
Bat, Cavern Nose-leaf 689
Bat, Chestnut Colored 670
Bat, Chestnut Mastiff 624
Bat, Chiriqui 576
Bat, Cinereous 700
Bat, Cinnamon 585, 649
Bat, Colon 697
Bat, Cory's 693
Bat, Cuban Brown 588
Bat, Cuban Free-tailed 627
Bat, Cuban Nose-leaf 678
Bat, Dark Brown 643
Bat, Dark-eared 699
Bat, Dark Yuma 577
Bat, Davy's 644
Bat, De Blainville's 649
Bat, Disk-bearing 637
Bat, Dog-like 614
Bat, Dominican Common 576
Bat, Dominican Free-tailed 629
Bat, Durango Brown 580
Bat, Dusky 683, 748
Bat, Dusky Mastiff 620
Bat, Dwarf Mastiff 624
Bat, Dwarf Nose-leaf 690
Bat, Escazu White 615
Bat, Falcate 708
Bat, Flat- forehead Bahama 685
Bat, Flat-nosed 696
Bat, Forest 664
Bat, Fort Yuma 577
Bat, Free-tailed Mouse 630
Bat, Fringed 572
Bat, Fringed-face 665
Bat, Fruit-loving 707
Bat, Geoffrey's 682, 715
Bat, Godman's 674
Bat, Graceful 602, 634
Bat, Graceful Free-tailed 626
Bat, Gray 747
Bat, Great 633
Bat, Grizzled Brown 575
Bat, Gundlach's 599
Bat, Hairy 662
Bat, Hoary 595
Bat, Holler's White-striped 703
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
823
PAGE.
Bat, Inflated nose 747
Bat, Intermediate 595, 694
Bat, Jalisco Brown 579
Bat. Jamaica 694
Bat, La Grulla Brown 577
Bat, Large-eared Vampire 662
Bat, Large-nosed Mastiff 621
Bat, Large-winged 573
Bat, Las Vigas 584
Bat, Leafless or Blunt-nosed 688
Bat, Little Brown 580
Bat, Little California 578
Bat, Little Comondu 607
Bat, Little Free-tailed 630
Bat, Little Mexican 579
Bat, Long-nosed 609
Bat, Lower California 573
Bat, Lower California Brown 589
Bat, Macleay's 641
Bat, Masked 641
Bat, Mexican 644
Bat. Mexican Free-tailed 629
Bat, Mexican Red 594
Bat, Mexican Vampire 663
Bat, Miller's 675
Bat, Miller's Nose-leaf 678
Bat, Mirador Brown 588
Bat, Montserrat 705
Bat, Musky 617
Bat, Nicholls' 706
Bat, Pacific Pale 607
Bat, Pale 579
Bat, Palm Springs Free-tailed .... 626
Bat, Panama 597
Bat. Parnell's 642
Bat, Peter's Vampire 656
Bat, Peter's White-striped 704
Bat, Pfeiffer's Red 593
Bat, Poey's 686
Bat, Porto Rican 643
Bat, Porto Rico Nose-leaf 677
Bat, Pouched 612
Bat, Prominent-eared 574
Bat, Pug-nosed Mastiff 620
Bat, Rafinesque's 599
Bat, Red 593
Bat, Redman's Nose-leaf 679
Bat, Restless 60 1
Bat, Round-eared 658
Bat, Rufous Mastiff 619
Bat, Rufous Vampire 719
PAGE.
Bat, St. Lucia 706
Bat. St. Martin 697
Bat, Salvin's Leaf-nosed 710
Bat, San Bernardino 589
Bat, Santa Anita 633
Bat, Santa Lucia Nose-leaf 678
Bat, Santa Rosalia 602
Bat, Saussure's Large-eared 653
Bat, Sezekorn's 686
Bat, Shaggy-eared 642
Bat, Shaved Mastiff 623
Bat, Short-fingered 636
Bat, Short-tailed 669
Bat, Shrew-like 672
Bat, Sierra Laguna 597
Bat, Small 674
Bat, Small-eared Nicaraguan 663
Bat, Small-footed 635, 694
Bat, Small-winged 580
Bat, Snowy 679, 680
Bat, Spear-nosed 666
Bat, Specter 656
Bat, Straight-eared Mastiff 623
Bat, Straw-colored 632
Bat, Swift 583
Bat, Tailless 720
Bat, Thomas's 612
Bat, Tome's Long-eared 650
Bat, Townsend's Big-eared 604
Bat, Tres Marias 602, 671
Bat, Tres Marias Islands 673
Bat, True's 581
Bat, Tucabaya Free-tailed 627
Bat, Underwood's 675
Bat, Wandering Bermuda 584
Bat, Waterhouse's Large-eared . . . 652
Bat, Watling's Island 637
Bat, Watson's 696
Bat. Western 582
Bat, White 615
Bat, White Honduras 710
Bat, White-striped 610, 702
Bat White-throated Brown 590
Bat, Wrinkled-face 718
Bat, Ypanema Nose-leaf 713
Bat, Yucatan Brown 590
Bat, Yucatan Free-tailed 626
Batopilas Pocket Mouse 365
Bats 569, 570, 581
591. 639,651, 665.673,691
Bats. Blood-sucking 569
824
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE.
Bats, Common 570
Bats, Fruit-eating 569
Bats, Funnel-eared 631
Bats, Insect-eating 569, 570
Bats, Insectivorous 665
Bats, Large-eared 608
Bats, Nose-leaf 569
Bats. Slender, Long- tailed 570
Bats, Vampire 639
Batty's Deer 71
Batty's Jackass Rabbit 433
Batty's Opossum 18
Bayamon Bat 685
Bear, Alaskan Brown 478
Bear, Black 478
Bear, Cinnamon 478
Bear, Fighting 481
Bear, Glacier 478
Bear, Grizzly 478
Bear, Mexican Grizzly 480
Bear, Polar 478
Bears 441, 478. 479
Bears, Black 478
Bears, Cinnamon 478
Bears, Grizzly 478
Bears, North American 478
Beautiful-eared Jack Rabbit 431
Beaver 89, 158, 159, 306
Beaver, Sonoran 159, 161
Beavers 159
Berendo 82
Berlandier's Badger 504, 505
Berlandier's Cotton Rat 228
Berlandier's Shrew 558
Bermuda Bat, Wandering 584
Big-eared Bat 604, 648
Big-eared Bat, Townsend's 604
Big-eared Harvest Mouse 259
Big-eared Kit Fox 472, 473
Big-eared Pale Bat 605
Bison 83
Bison, American 60, 83
Black-backed Squirrel 107
Black Bear 478
Black Bears 478
Black-browed Mole Mouse 166
Black-browed Mouse 201
Black-buck 441
Black-eared Cotton Rat 232
Black-eared Field Mouse 178
Black-eared Pocket Mouse 356
PAGE.
Black-eared Rice Rat 243
Black-fish 47, 5 2
Black-fish, Scammon's 54
Black-fish, Short-finned 53
Black-footed Mouse 210
Black-headed Spermophile 150
Blackish Mastiff Bat 620
Blackish Pocket Gopher 335
Black-nosed Kangaroo Rat 348
Black Rat 164
Black Rice Rat 250
Black Shrew 558
Black Spider Monkey 734
Black Spiny Rat 370
Black Squirrel, Gray's 128
Black-tailed Hutia 391
Black-tailed Kangaroo Rat 348
Black- tailed Mouse 192
Black-tailed Wood Rat 284
Blood-sucking Bats 569
Bocourt's Large-eared Bat 654
Bogava Rice Rat 245
Bogava Spiny Rat 387
Bold Coyote 468
Booth's Bat 642
Boqueron Coati 498
Boqueron Cotton Rat 225
Boqueron Jaguarondi 452
Boquete Mouse 214, 274
Boquete Peccarv 65
Boquete Pocket Gopher 329
Boquete Raccoon-fox 485
Boquete Spiny Rat 372
Boquete Tailless Bat 721
Boquete Vesper Rat 216
Borrego Cimaron 56
Boruca Cotton Rat 224
Bottle-nosed Dolphin 56
Bottle-nosed Porpoise 56
Bowhead 39, 43
Boyle's Mouse 195
Bridled Skunk 512
Bridled Weasel 532
Bridled Weasel, Goldman's 533
Bridled Weasel, Michoacan 533
Bridled Weasel, Rio Grande 533
Bristled Pocket Gopher 324
Broad-headed Pocket Gophers. ... 316
Broad-footed Pocket Gopher 329
Broad-nosed Pocket Mouse 359
Broad-nosed Rice Rat 243
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE.
Brocket, Central America 79, 80
Brocket, Sartori's 80
Brocket, Tunkas 80
Brockets 79
Brown Bat 587
Brown Bat, Allied 589
Brown Bat, Bahama 588
Brown Bat, Cuban 588
Brown Bat, Durango 580
Brown Bat, Grizzled 575
Brown Bat, Jalisco 579
Brown Bat, La Grulla 577
Brown Bat, Little 580
Brown Bat, Lower California 589
Brown Bat, Mirador 588
Brown Bat, White-throated 590
Brown Bat, Yucatan 590
Brown Bear, Alaskan 478
Brown Mouse. Jalapa 176
Brown Rat 161, 165
Brown's Squirrel 100
Brownsville Harvest Mouse 264
Bryant's Pocket Mouse 364
Buff -colored Pocket Mouse 362
Buller's Large-eared Bat 654
Buller's Pocket Gopher 320
Buller's Rice Rat 239
Buller's Spiny Rat 370
Bush Dog 464
Bushy-tailed Spermophile 149
Cabeza de Vie jo 525
Cabra del Monte 80
Cacamistl 482, 484
Cachalot 43,44,45
Cachalot Whale 45
Cachalots 46
Cacomistl de Monte 487
Ca'ing Whale 47
Calel Harvest Mouse 269
California Bat, Little 578
California Gray Fox 477
California Gray Squirrel 130
California Jack Rabbit 437
California Large-eared Bat 653
California Lynx 459
California Mouse 203
California Mule Deer 77
California Red Bat 594
California Sea-lion 539, 540
Calovevora Grison 524
PAGE.
Camaleon 22
Cape Hunting Dog 464
Cape St. Lucas Pocket Mouse .... 363
Cape St. Lucas Spotted Skunk ... 523
Captious Harvest Mouse 263
Capuchin, White-throated 736
Capuchins 725
Capybara 89
Cardonal Island Bat 574
Caribbanco 66
Carnivora, Fissiped 441
Carnivora, Pinniped 441
Carnivora, Terrestrial 441
Carnivores 441
Carriker's Ocelot 449
Cat 93
Cat, Indian 442
Cat, Ounce-like 450
Cat, Small-spotted 450
Cat, Wild 458
Cats 441, 442, 446, 447, 448, 464, 529
Cat Squirrel 484
Catemaco Spiny Mouse 380
Cattle 83
Cauzel 449
Cavern Nose-leaf Bat 689
Cecil's Mouse 178
Ceiba Cotton Rat 225
Central American Brocket 79. 80
Central American Otter 536
Central American Paca 408, 409
Central American Puma 456
Cerros Island Deer 76
Cerros Island Hare 428
Cerros Island Mouse 185
Cerros Island Wood Rat 280
Cervine Pocket Gopher 340
Cetacean 50
Cetaceans 35, 38, 48, 538
Cetacea, Toothed 43
Changeable Shrew 553
Chapman's Kangaroo Rat 350
Chapman's Rice Rat 238
Cheating Wood Rat 295
Cherrie's Costa Rican Mouse 183
Cherrie's Pocket Gopher 330
Cherrie's Rice Rat 253
Chestnut-bellied Shrew 550
Chestnut Colored Bat 670
Chestnut-faced Pocket Gopher ... 315
Chestnut-headed Sloth . .22
826
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE.
Chestnut Mastiff Bat 624
Chiapas Cottontail 744
Chiapas Squirrel 125
Chichen Itza Harvest Mouse 265
Chichen Itza Rice Rat 236
Chickarees 132
Chief Hares 411
Chihuahua Mule Deer 78
Chihuahuan Little Spotted Skunk 521
Chilpancingo Mouse 206
Chipmunk 89
Chipmunk, Colorado 138
Chipmunk, Durango 137
Chipmunk, Gila 135
Chipmunk, Guanacevi 741
Chipmunk, Lower California 136
Chipmunk, Merriam's 137
Chipmunk, Mexican 136
Chipmunks 90, 133, 134, 408
Chiriqui Bat 576
Chiriqui Harvest Mouse 259
Chiriqui Kinkajou 501
Chiriqui Pigmy Squirrel 100
Chiriqui Porcupine 402
Chiriqui Squirrel 104
Chubby Mouse 205
Chulomuco 524
Cinereous Bat 700
Cinereous Harvest Mouse 262
Cinnamon Bat 585, 649
Cinnamon Bear 478
Cinnamon Bears 478
Civets 460
Coati 497
Coati, Boqueron 498
Coati, Dark 497
Coati, Manranillo 497
Coati, Nelson's 496
Coati, Pallid 498
Coati, Yucatan 498
Coati-mondis 481, 494
Coatis 482, 494
Coban Spiny Rat 372
Cofre de Perote Harvest Mouse . . . 266
Coiba Agouti 407
Colima City Mouse \ 175
Colima Coyote 467
Colima Harvest Mouse 267
Colima Mountain Squirrel 119
Colima Squirrel 120
Collaraja ' . . . 534
PAGE.
Collared Wood Rat 279
Collector Wood Rat 280
Collie's Squirrel 121
Colon Bat 697
Colorado Chipmunk 138
Comadreja 532
Common Bats 570
Common Dolphin 55
Common Indian Mongoose 462
Common Killer Whale 51
Common Mole 563
Common Porpoise 49
Common Raccoon-fox 484
Common Shrews 549
Common Squirrel (of Europe) .... 132
Comondu Bat, Little 607
Conejo 415, 429
Congo 726
Congo, o'Mono Chilian 726
Coolidge's Field Mouse 187
Coon 494
Coon, Gabb's 489
Coons 481, 489
Cope's Whale 43
Cory's Bat 693
Costa Rica Deer 74
Costa Rica Harvest Mouse 267
Costa Rica Jaguar 446
Costa Rica Ocelot 448
Cotton Rat, Allen's 224
Cotton Rat, Alpine 231
Cotton Rat, Amoles 231
Cotton Rat, Arizona 228
Cotton Rat, Bailey's 226
Cotton Rat, Berlandier's 228
Cotton Rat, Black-eared 232
Cotton Rat, Boqueron 225
Cotton Rat, Boruca 224
Cotton Rat, Ceiba 225
Cotton Rat, Fulvous-bellied 232
Cotton Rat, Large 228
Cotton Rat, Least 230
Cotton Rat, Mascota 227
Cotton Rat, Ochraceous- faced .... 230
Cotton Rat, Ocotlan 229
Cotton Rat, Small-toothed 226
Cotton Rat, Teapa 225
Cotton Rat, Toltec 226
Cotton Rat, Tonala 229
Cotton Rat, Volcan de Chiriqui ... 231
Cotton Rat, Western Desert 227
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
827
PAGE.
Cotton Rat, White-eared 230
Cotton Rats 89, 222
Cottontail, Acapulco 744
Cottontail, Alta Mira 743
Cottontail, Chiapas 744
Cottontail, Sinaloa 745
Cotusa 405
Coues' Deer 70, 7 1
Coues' Meadow Vole 303
Coues' Mexican Shrew 560
Coues' Rice Rat 236
Cow-fish 47, 56
Coyote 465
Coyote, Bold 468
Coyote, Colima 467
Coyote, Lower California 466
Coyote, Mearns' 468
Coyote, Noland's Ranch 469
Coyote, Ochraceous-footed 470
Coyote, Robber 465
Coyote, Smith's 466
Coyote, Tamaulipas 469
Coyote, Thievish 467
Coyotes 464
Coypu 382
Cozumel Island Rice Rat 241
Crab-eating Raccoon 492
Crawford's Shrew 554
Crested Agouti 407
Crested-tailed Mouse 204
Cuban Brown Bat 588
Cuban Free-tailed Bat 627
Cuban Nose-leaf Bat 678
Cuislili 731
Cunning Agouti 406
Curly Spiny Mouse 380
Dark Brown Bat 643
Dark Coati 497
Dark-eared Bat 699
Dark Meadow Vole 302
Dark- tailed Spiny Mouse 379
Dark Yuma Bat 577
Davidson's Whale 42
Davy's Bat 644
De Blainville's Bat 649
Deceitful Rice Rat 246
Deer 60, 68, 79
Deer, Batty's 71
Deer, California Mule 77
Deer, Cerros Island 76
PAGE.
Deer, Chihuahua Mule 78
Deer, Costa Rica 74
Deer, Coues' 70, 7 1
Deer, Desert Mule 77
Deer, Hamilton Smith's 74
Deer, Lower California 78
Deer, Mexican 72
Deer, Mule 76
Deer, Musk 67
Deer, Nelson's 75
Deer, Rothschild's 72
Deer, Sinaloa White-tailed 78
Deer, Texan 70
Deer, Thomas' 74
Deer, True's 73
Deer, White- tailed . 68
Deer, Yucatan 74
Deer Mice 170
Deer Mouse 169
Deer Mouse, La Salada 190
Deer Mouse, White Spot 178
Deppe's Squirrel 101
Desert Hare, Greater 423
Desert Hare, Lesser 423
Desert Jack Rabbit 435
Desert Jack Rabbit, Gray 436
Desert Kangaroo Rat 345
Desert Lynx 458
Desert Mouse 191
Desert Mouse, Allied 185
Desert Mouse, Sonoyta 198
Desert Mule Deer 77
Desert Rabbit, Western 437
Desert Rat, San Felipe 286
Desert White-footed Mouse 188
Digger Pocket Gopher 324
Dik-Diks 79
Dik-Dik Antelope 60
Disk-bearing Bat 637
Distinct Pocket Gophers 325
Dog, Bush 464
Dog. Cape Hunting 464
Dog, Hunting 464
Dog-like Bat 614
Dogs . 463
Dogs, Domestic 463
Dogs, Wild 464
Dolphin, Bottle-nosed 56
Dolphin, Common 55
Dolphin, Gill's 56
Dolphin, Gray's 59
828
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE.
Dolphin, Long-nosed 58
Dolphin, Sharp-toothed 57, 58
Dolphins 43-47. 48, 52, 54. 55. 57
Domestic Dogs 463
Dominican Common Bat 576
Dominican Free-tailed Bat 629
Donkey Jack Rabbit 435
Doubtful Kangaroo Rat 346
Dow's Tapir 88
Drab Gray Mole Mouse 168
Dryad Mouse 204
Dugong 35,36
Durango Brown Bat 580
Durango Chipmunk 137
Durango Hare 425
Durango Squirrel 112
Durango Wood Rat 285
Dusky Bat 683, 748
Dusky-footed Wood Rat 279
Dusky Harvest Mouse 261. 272
Dusky Kangaroo Rat 351
Dusky Mastiff Bat 620
Dusky Shrew 559
Dusky Sloth 24
Dusky Spiny Mouse 379
Dwarf Mastiff Bat 624
Dwarf Mouse 175
Dwarf Nose-leaf Bat 690
Dwarf Peccary 62
Earl of Derby's Opossum 9
Eastern Desert Pocket Mouse .... 359
Eastern Gray Fox 473
Edentates 19
Elephant 60
El General Rice Rat 249
Elephant Seal 545
Encubierto 34
Energetic Mouse 203
Escazu White Bat 615
Escondido River Rice Rat 248
Escondido River Squirrel 128
Escuinapa Lynx 456
Espirito Santo Island Jack Rabbit 438
Espirito Santo Raccoon-fox 485
Eten Opossum 18
Eve's Mouse 198
Eyra, The Tamaulipas 453
Eyra, Yucatan 453
Faded Vesper Rat 216
Falcate Bat 708
PAGE.
Feeble Mouse 186
Ferrets 528
Field Mice 89, 1 70
Field Mouse, Allied 180
Field Mouse, Anthony's 185
Field Mouse, Arizona 186
Field Mouse, Ashy Gray 195
Field Mouse, Banderas 190
Field Mouse, Black-eared 178
Field Mouse, Coolidge's 187
Field Mouse, Jalapa 208
Field Mouse, La Carpintera 198
Field Mouse, La Palma 194
Field Mouse, Large-eared 210
Field Mouse, Mount Zempoaltepec 204
Field Mouse, Nelson's 214
Field Mouse, Oaxaca 206
Field Mouse, Orizaba 207
Field Mouse, Ozolotepec 210
Field Mouse, San Cristobal 209
Field Mouse, San Felipe 205
Field Mouse, San Geronimo Island 181
Field Mouse, Shy 197
Field Mouse, Sonora White-footed 182
Field Mouse, Stephens' 191
Field Mouse, Tehuantepec 206
Field Mouse, Texan 186
Field Mouse, Thomas' Guerrero. . . 213
Field Mouse, Thurber's 177
Field Mouse, Tlalpam 196
Field Mouse, Totontepec 208
Fighting Bear 481
Fighting Whale 41
Finbacks 42
Finback Whales 42
Fire-bellied Squirrel 116
Fisher's Spermophile 150
Fissiped Carnivora 441
Five-toed Kangaroo Rats 349
Flat-forehead Bahama Bat 685
Flat-headed Pocket Gopher 319
Flat-nosed Bat 696
Fleet Hare 428
Fluffy Mouse 196
Flying Squirrel 158
Flying Squirrels 89, 157,664
Foreign Mouse 197
Forest Bat 664
Fort Yuma Bat 577
Four-toed Kangaroo Rats 341
Fox 47 1 , 482
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
829
PAGE.
Fox, Big-eared Kit 472, 473
Fox, California Gray 477
Fox, Eastern Gray 473
Fox, Guatemalan Gray 475
Fox, Little Gray 475
Fox, Red 473
Fox, Scott's Gray 477
Fox, Small-toothed 476
Fox, Texan Gray 478
Foxes 463, 464, 471
Foxes, Gray 473
Fox Squirrel, Texas no
Franklin Mountains Mouse 196
Free-tailed Bat, Bahaman 630
Free- tailed Bat, Cuban 627
Free-tailed Bat, Dominican 629
Free-tailed Bat, Graceful 626
Free-tailed Bat, Little 630
Free-tailed Bat, Mexican 629
Free-tailed Bat, Palm Springs .... 626
Free- tailed Bat, Tucubaya 627
Free-tailed Bat, Yucatan 626
Free-tailed Mouse Bat 630
Fringed Bat 572
Fringed-face Bat 665
Frisky Mouse 199
Fruit-eating Bats 569
Fruit-loving Bat 708
Fulvous-bellied Cotton Rat 232
Fulvous-bellied Meadow Vole .... 301
Fulvous-bellied Opossum 8
Fulvous-bellied Spider Monkey ... 734
Fulvous-bellied Wood Rat 289
Fulvous Mouse 183
Fulvous Pocket Gopher 316
Fulvous Rice Rat 247, 248
Funnel-eared Bats 631
Fur Seal 538
Fur Seal, Guadalupe 544
Fur Seal, Southern 543
Fur Seals 50, 543, 544
Gabb's Coon 489
Gabb's Hare 426
Gadow's Mouse 201
Gaillard's Jack Rabbit 433
Galo de Spinas 402
Goto Monies 458
Gaumer's Spiny Rat 371
Gentle Mouse 182
Geoffrey's Bat 682. 715
PAGE.
Geoffrey's Spider Monkey 733
Geoffrey's Titi Monkey 724
Giant Kangaroo z
Giant Pocket Gopher 322
Giant Shrew 555
Gila Chipmunk 135
Gill's Dolphin 56
Giraffe 60
Glacier Bear 478
Gliding Spiny Rat 384
Gnawers 89
Goats 60
Godman's Bat 674
Godman's Shrew 552
Golden-bellied Squirrel 115
Golden Mouse 169
Goldman's Bridled Weasel 533
Goldman's Harvest Mouse 268
Goldman's Jaguar 447
Goldman's Mouse 186
Goldman's Pocket Gopher . . . .316, 339
Goldman's Pocket Mouse 365
Goldman's Rat 288
Goldman's Rice Rat 246
Goldman's Shrew 560
Goldman's Spermophile 151
Goldman's Spiny Rat 373
Goldman's Squirrel 130
Gopher, Blackish Pocket 335
Gopher, Boquete Pocket 329
Gopher, Bristled Pocket 324
Gopher, Broad-footed Pocket .... 329
Gopher, Buller's Pocket 320
Gopher, Cervine Pocket 340
Gopher, Cherrie's Pocket 330
Gopher, Chestnut-faced Pocket ... 315
Gopher, Digger Pocket 324
Gopher, Flat-headed Pocket 319
Gopher, Fulvous Pocket 316
Gopher, Giant Pocket 322
Gopher, Goldman's Pocket .. . .316, 339
Gopher, Harsh -coated Pocket .... 326
Gopher, Irazu Pocket 328
Gopher, Juarez Pocket 338
Gopher, Las Vigas Pocket 314
Gopher, Lost Pocket 338
Gopher, Merriam's Pocket 313
Gopher, Mountain 314
Gopher. Mount Iztaccihuatl Pocket 314
Gopher, Naked-tailed Pocket 318
Gopher. Narrow-headed Pocket .. . 328
830
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE.
Gopher, Neglected Pocket 320
Gopher, Nelson's Pocket 324, 339
Gopher, Orizaba Pocket 337
Gopher, Pacaure Pocket 330
Gopher, Pale Pocket . . . . ! 340
Gopher, Perote Pocket 313
Gopher, Pine Zone Pocket 332
Gopher, Plateau Pocket 336
Gopher, Reddish-brown Pocket . . . 334
Gopher, Sand-loving Pocket 310
Gopher, San Pedro Martir Pocket . 336
Gopher, Santa Anita Pocket 335
Gopher, Sierra Laguna Pocket. ... 335
Gopher, Sinaloa Pocket 339
Gopher, Slender-nosed Pocket .... 319
Gopher, Sooty Pocket 318
Gopher, Tatameles Pocket 338
Gopher, Tough-skinned Pocket ... 319
Gopher, Tropical Pocket 326
Gopher, Troublesome Pocket 337
Gopher, Wandering Pocket 337
Gopher, White-nosed Pocket 322
Gophers 138, 308, 309, 322, 408
Gophers, Ancient Pocket 320
Gophers, Broad-headed Pocket ... 316
Gophers, Distinct Pocket 325
Gophers, Large Size Pocket 326
Gophers, Pocket 3°9. 310, 332
Gophers, Powerful Pocket 311
Gophers, Straight-headed Pocket . 322
Gophers, Zygomata Pocket 330
Graceful Bat 602, 634
Graceful Free-tailed Bat 626
Gray-backed Harvest Mouse 272
Gray Bat 747
Gray Desert Jack Rabbit 436
Gray-faced Wood Rat 297
Gray Fox, California 477
Gray Fox, Eastern 473
Gray Fox, Guatemalan 475
Gray Fox, Little 475
Gray Fox, Scott's 477
Gray Fox, Texan 478
Gray Foxes 473
Gray-headed Grison 525
Gray Jaguarondi 451
Gray Opossum 7
Gray Pocket Mouse 367
Gray's Black Squirrel 128
Gray's Dolphin 59
Grayson's Hare 426
PAGE.
Gray Spiny Rat 373
Gray's Spiny Mouse 375
Gray Squirrel, Arizona 109
Gray Squirrel, California 130
Gray Squirrel, Little 102
Gray Squirrels 93
Gray Whale 40
Great Anteater 24, 29, 30
Great Bat 633
Great California Pocket Mouse . . . 367
Greater Desert Hare 423
Great Shrew 562
Great- tailed Mouse 212
Greenland Whale 43
Grison, Allamand's 526
Grison, Calovevora 524
Grison, Gray-headed 525
Grison, Nelson's 526, 528
Grisons 524
Grizzled Brown Bat 575
Grizzled Mouse 196
Grizzled Spider Monkey 735
Grizzlies 479
Grizzly 478
Grizzly Bear 478
Grizzly Bear, Mexican 480
Grizzly Bears 478
Ground-hogs 90
Ground Porcupines 399
Ground Squirrels 89, 90
Ground Squirrels, American 134
Guadalupe Fur Seal 544
Guadalupe Skunk 517
Guanacevi Chipmunk 741
Guatemalan Gray Fox 475
Guatemalan Meadow Vole 306
Guatemalan Rice Rat 241
Guatemalan Shrews 551
Guatemala Squirrel 124
Gundlach's Bat 599
Guerrero Field Mouse, Thomas'. . . 213
Guerrero Squirrel 120
Guinea-pig 411
Gundlach's Hutia 392
Gunnison's Prairie-dog 156
Hair Seal, San Geronimo 542
Hairy Bat 662
Hairy Hutia 390
Haitan Hutia 396
Hamilton Smith's Deer 74
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
831
PAGE.
Handsome Kangaroo Rat 345
Hare, Allied 424
Hare, Arizona 423
Hare, Ash-colored 429
Hare, Attwater's Swamp 414
Hare, Audubon's 422
Hare, Bachman's Wood 429
Hare, Cerros Island 428
Hare, Durango 425
Hare, Fleet 428
Hare, Gabb's 426
Hare. Grayson's 426
Hare, Greater Desert 423
Hare, Holzner's 419
Hare, Lesser Desert 423
Hare, Little 421
Hare, Lower California 430
Hare, Michoacan 417
Hare, Nelson's 412
Hare, Nuttall's 425
Hare, Orizaba 425
Hare, Plains 421
Hare, Puebla 418
Hare, Russet 420
Hare, San Diego 422
Hare, Small-footed 436
Hare, Swamp 415
Hare, Tehuantepec 418
Hare, True's Swamp 415
Hare, Vera Cruz 420
Hare, Washington 410
Hare, Yucatan 419
Hares 89, 409, 410, 411
Hares, Arctic 410
Hares, Chief 4"
Harris's Spermophile 141
Harsh-coated Pocket Gopher 326
Harvest Mice 255
Harvest Mouse 89, 161
Harvest Mouse, Alpine 266
Harvest Mouse, Ameca 270
Harvest Mouse, Big-eared 259
Harvest Mouse, Brownsville 264
Harvest Mouse, Calel 269
Harvest Mouse, Captious 263
Harvest Mouse, Chichen Itza 265
Harvest Mouse, Chiriqui 259
Harvest Mouse. Cinereous 262
Harvest Mouse, Cofre de Perotc . . 267
Harvest Mouse, Colima . 267
Harvest Mouse, Costa Rica 267
PAGE.
Harvest Mouse, Dusky 261, 272
Harvest Mouse, Goldman's 268
Harvest Mouse, Gray-backed 272
Harvest Mouse, Hispid 270
Harvest Mouse, Irazu Volcano. ... 259
Harvest Mouse, Jalapa 267
Harvest Mouse, Large-eared 271
Harvest Mouse, Las Vigas 262
Harvest Mouse, Long- tailed 261
Harvest Mouse. Lower California . 262
Harvest Mouse, Mexican 264
Harvest Mouse, Mountain 263
Harvest Mouse, Mount Popocatepetl 265
Harvest Mouse, Oaxaca 270
Harvest Mouse, Oposura 264
Harvest Mouse, Orizaba 266
Harvest Mouse, Patzcuaro 271
Harvest Mouse, Peninsular 263
Harvest Mouse, Rufous 268
Harvest Mouse. San Sebastian. ... 270
Harvest Mouse, Slender 265
Harvest Mouse, Slender-nosed .... 268
Harvest Mouse, Tlalpam 271
Harvest Mouse, Todos Santos .... 269
Harvest Mouse, Valparaiso 260
Harvest Mouse. Volcan Toluca . . . 266
Harvest Mouse, White-lipped .... 269
Heavy Peccary 64
Hedge-hog Rats 382
Heller's Pocket Mouse 360
Heller's White-striped Bat 703
Hernandez's Jaguar 446
Hernandez's Raccoon 491
Hidalgo Jack Rabbit 746
Hippopotamus 60
Hispid Harvest Mouse 270
Hispid Pocket Mouse 360
Hispid Spiny Rat 371
Hoary Bat 595
Hoary Mole Mouse 742
Hoary Spiny Mouse 375
Hoffmann's Sloth 20, 2 1
Hoffmann's Squirrel 104
Hog 60
Hog-fish 48
Hollow-horned Ruminants 67, 83
Holzner's Hare 419
Honduras Bat, White 710
Honduras Spiny Mouse 381
Honduras Squirrel 128
Hoofed Quadrupeds 60
832
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE.
Horse 60
House Mouse 163
House Mouse, Allied 180
House Mouse, Jalapa 163
House Rat 222, 565
House Rats 306
Howler, Island of Coiba 728
Howler, Mantled 726
Howler, Mexican 727
Howler, Villous 726
Howling Monkeys 725, 726
Huachuca Squirrel 109
Huehuetaii Spiny Mouse 380
Hump-backed Whale 41
Hunting Dog 464
Hunting Leopard 441
Hutia, Black- tailed 391
Hutia, Gundlach's 392
Hutia, Hairy 390
Hutia, Haitan 396
Hutia, Ingraham's 394
Hutia, Lanceolate-spot 392
Hutia, Prehensile-tailed 391
Hutia, Short-tailed 393
Hutia, White-banded 394
Hyrax 60
Ice Whale 39
Ichneumon 461
Ichneumons 461
Imitator Mouse 205
Indian Cat 442
Inflated-nose Bat 747
Ingraham's Hutia 394
Insect-eating Bats 569, 570
Insectivores 547
Insectivorous Bats 665
Insectivorous Mammals 547
Intermediate Bat 595, 694
Intermediate Pocket Mouse 364
Irazu Pocket Gopher 328
Irazii Volcano Harvest Mouse .... 259
Island of Coiba Howler 725
Island of Cozumel Mouse 181
Island of Cozumel Opossum 15
Island of Tiburon Mouse 175
Island Opossum 17
Island Raccoon 492
Isolated Rice Rat 254
Isthmian Agouti 407
Isthmian Spiny Mouse 378
Isthmian Wood Rat 287
PAGE.
Jabali 63
Jackals 463, 464
Jackass Rabbit, Batty's 433
Jack Rabbit, Allen's 434
Jack Rabbit, Alta Mira 745
Jack Rabbit, Beautiful-eared 431
Jack Rabbit, California 437
Jack Rabbit, Desert 435
Jack Rabbit, Desert Gray 436
Jack Rabbit, Donkey 435
Jack Rabbit, Espirito Santo Island 438
Jack Rabbit, Gaillard's 433
Jack Rabbit, Hidalgo 746
Jack Rabbit, Lower California. . . . 438
Jack Rabbit, Merriam's 432
Jack Rabbit, San Pedro Martir ... 439
Jack Rabbit, Wandering 434
Jack Rabbits 410, 411
Jaguar 445, 532
Jaguar, Costa Rica 446
Jaguar, Goldman's 447
Jaguar, Hernandez's 446
Jaguars 446
Jaguarondi 451
Taguarondi. Boqueron 452
Jaguarondi, Gray 451
Jaguarondi, Sinaloa 452
Jalapa Brown Mouse 176
Jalapa Field Mouse 208
Jalapa Harvest Mouse 267
Jalapa House Mouse 163
Jalapan Mouse 192
Jalapa Rice Rat 246
Jalisco Brown Rat 579
Jalisco Small-eared Mouse 179
Jamaica Bat 694
Jamaica Rice Rat 247
Jaral Pocket Mouse 365
Jet Mouse 179
Juarez Pocket Gopher 338
Jumping Mice 89
Juquila Mouse 179
Juquila Wood Rat 288
Kangaroo, Giant i
Kangaroo Rat, Allied 347
Kangaroo Rat, Black-nosed 348
Kangaroo Rat, Black-tailed 348
Kangaroo Rat, Chapman's 350
Kangaroo Rat, Desert 345
Kangaroo Rat, Doubtful 346
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
833
PAGE.
Kangaroo Rat, Dusky 351
Kangaroo Rat, Handsome 345
Kangaroo Rat, Merriam's 346
Kangaroo Rat, Nimble 351
Kangaroo Rat, Ord's 350
Kangaroo Rat, Ornamented 344
Kangaroo Rat, Palmer's 350
Kangaroo Rat, Perote 344
Kangaroo Rat, Phillips' 343
Kangaroo Rat, Small 346
Kangaroo Rat, Tiburon Island . . . 344
Kangaroo Rats 340, 341, 348, 352
Kangaroo Rats, Five-toed 349
Kangaroo Rats, Four-toed 341
Killer , 49
Killers 49. 5°
Killer Whale 50
Killer Whale, Common 51
Killer Whale, Large-toothed 57
Killer Whales 40, 47, 50, 51, 538
Kindred Mouse 202
Kinkajou 499, 5°i
Kinkajou, Aztec 500
Kinkajou, Chiriqui 501
Kinkajous 482, 499
Kit Fox, Big-eared 472, 473
La Carpintera Field Mouse 198
La Cienaga Squirrel 741
La Grulla Brown Bat 577
Lanceolate-spot Hutia 392
La Palma Field Mouse 194
La Parada Spiny Bat 369
Large Cotton Rat 228
Large-eared Bat, Bocourt's 654
Large-eared Bat, Buller's 654
Large-eared Bat, California 653
Large-eared Bat, Saussure's 653
Large-eared Bat, Waterhouse's ... 652
Large-eared Bats 608
Large-eared Field Mouse 210
Large-eared Harvest Mouse 271
Large-eared Mole Mouse 169
Large-eared Vampire Bat 662
Large-eared Wood Rat 279
Large-nosed Mastiff Bat 621
Large-sized Pocket Gophers 326
Large-toothed Killer Whale 51
Large-toothed Shrew 552
Large-winged Bat 573
Las Penas Bat 646
PAGE.
La Salada Deer Mouse 190
Las Vigas Bat 584
Las Vigas Harvest Mouse 262
Las Vigas Pocket Gopher 314
Leafless or Blunt-nosed Bat 688
Leaf-nosed Bat, Salvin's 710
Least Cotton Rat 230
Lemmings 298
Leon miquero 451
Leon monero 451
Leopard, Hunting 441
Lesser Desert Hare 423
Liebre 43 1
Light-colored Porcupine 401
Linnasan Opossum 15
Lion Hill Squirrel 105
Little Anteater 25, 26
Little Brown Bat 580
Little California Bat 578
Little Comondu Bat 607
Little Desert Pocket Mouse 358
Little Free-tailed Bat 630
Little Gray Fox 475
Little Gray Squirrel 102
Little Hare 421
Little Mexican Bat 579
Little Raccoon 490
Little Spiny Mouse 377
Little Spotted Skunk, Chihuahuan 521
Little Spotted Skunks 519
Littoral Spiny Mouse 38
Llamas 60
Lobo 471
Lofty Mountain Shrew 550
Lonely Rice Rat 244
Long-eared Bat, Tomes' 650
Long-haired Rice Rat 245
Long-nosed Bat 609
Long-nosed Dolphin 58
Long-nosed Mouse 209
Long-nosed Spiny Mouse 378
Long-spined Porcupines 397
Long- tailed Harvest Mouse 261
Long- tailed Rice Rat 238
Long-tailed Skunk 5 10, 5 1 1
Long- tailed Spermophile 149
Long-tailed Spiny Rat 372
Lost Pocket Gopher 338
Lower California Badger 505
Lower California Bat 573
Lower California Brown Bat 589
834
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE.
Lower California Chipmunk 136
Lower California Coyote 466
Lower California Deer 78
Lower California Hare 430
Lower California Harvest Mouse .. 262
Lower California Jack Rabbit .... 438
Lower California Lynx 460
Lower California Mole 564
Lower California Mountain Sheep . 84
Lower California Rice Rat 236
Lower California Skunk 507
Lower California Spermophile .... 143
Lower California Wood Rat 283
Lynx, Bailey's 459
Lynx, California 459
Lynx, Desert 458
Lynx, Escuinapa 456
Lynx, Lower California 460
Lynxes 458
Macleay's Bat 641
Madoqua 79
Mammals, American 255
Mammals, Insectivorous 547
Mammals, Pouched i
Manatee 35. 36, 37
Manatees 36
Manigordo 448
Mantled Howler 726
Manzanillo Coati 497
Manzanillo Squirrel 122
Margarita Pocket Mouse 363
Maria Madre Island Mouse 197
Maria Madre Island Opossum .... 7
Maria Madre Island Rice Rat .... 235
Marmosets 723
Marmot 152
Marmots 90
Marsh Rice Rat 237
Marsupials I
Marten 524
Martica 500
Mascota Cotton Rat 227
Masked Bat 641
Mastiff Bat, Blackish 620
Mastiff Bat, Chestnut 624
Mastiff Bat, Dusky 620
Mastiff Bat. Dwarf 624
Mastiff Bat, Large-nosed 621
Mastiff Bat, Pug-nosed 620
Mastiff Bat, Rufous 619
PAGE
Mastiff Bat, Shaved 623
Mastiff Bat, Straight-eared 623
Maya Shrew 561
Maynard's Raccoon 491
Mazatlan Shrew 555
Meadow Mice 298
Meadow Mouse, Rio Sestin 260
Meadow Vole, Coues' 303
Meadow Vole, Dark 302
Meadow Vole, Fulvous-bellied .... 301
Meadow Vole, Guatemalan 306
Meadow Vole, Mexican 301
Meadow Vole, Mount Zempoaltepec 305
Meadow Vole, Reddish 302
Mearns' Coyote 468
Mearns' Skunk 516
Mearns' Squirrel 133
Merriam's Chipmunk 137
Merriam's Jack Rabbit 432
Merriam's Kangaroo Rat 346
Merriam's Pocket Gopher 313
Merriam's Pocket Mouse 354
Merriam's Skunk 509
Mexican Agouti 405
Mexican Badger 504
Mexican Bat 644
Mexican Bat, Little 579
Mexican Chipmunk 136
Mexican Deer 72
Mexican Free-tailed Bat 629
Mexican Grizzly Bear 480
Mexican Harvest Mouse 264
Mexican Howler 727
Mexican Meadow Vole 301
Mexican Mountain Sheep 86
Mexican Mouse 207
Mexican Murine Opossum 6
Mexican Otter 535
Mexican Pocket Mouse 355
Mexican Prairie-dog 156
Mexican Prong-horn 8r, 82
Mexican Puma 456
Mexican Red Bat 594
Mexican Shrew, Coues' 560
Mexican Spermophile 146
Mexican Spider Monkey 733
Mexican Timber Wolf 470, 471
Mexican Tree Porcupine 401
Mexican Vampire Bat 663
Mexican Wood Rat 282
Mice 162, 461. 482, 529
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
835
PAGE.
Mice, Deer 170
Mice, Field 89, 1 70
Mice, Harvest 255
Mice, Jumping 89
Mice, Meadow 298
Mice, Mole 165
Mice, Pocket 341, 352, 368
Michoacan Bridled Weasel 533
Michoacan Hare 417
Michoacan Squirrel 118
Mico dormilon 729
Micoleon 500
Miller's Armadillo 31, 32
Miller's Bat 575
Miller's Nose-leaf Bat 678
Miller's Skunk 511
Mimic Mouse 180
Mink 528
Minute Shrew 550
Mirador Brown Bat 588
Mole, Anthony's 565
Mole, Common 563
Mole, Lower California 564
Mole Mice 165
Mole Mouse, Black-browed 166
Mole Mouse, Drab Gray 168
Mole Mouse, Hoary 742
Mole Mouse, Large-eared 169
Mole Mouse, Pale 167
Mole Mouse, Ramona 167
Mole Mouse, Samalayuca 742
Mole Mouse, Sand-loving 168
Mole Mouse, Tropical 167, 1 68
Mole Mouse, Yaki 742
Moles 89, 547, 548, 562, 563
Monkey. Black Spider 734
Moose 67
Moran 63
Mountain Gopher 314
Mountain Harvest Mouse 263
Mountain Mouse 200
Mountain Sheep 83
Mountain Sheep, Lower California . 84
Mountain Sheep, Mexican 86
Mountain Squirrel 121
Mountain Wood Rat 294
Mount Iztaccihuatl Pocket Gopher 314
Mount Malinche Mouse 195
Mount Popocatepetl Harvest Mouse 265
Mount Tancitaro Wood Rat 290
Mount Zempoaltepec Field Mouse. 204 Mount Zempoaltepec Meadow Vole 305
PAGE.
Mouse 93, 161
Mouse, Alien 208
Mouse, Allen's Spiny 376
Mouse, Allied 192
Mouse, Allied Desert 185
Mouse, Allied Field 180
Mouse, Allied House 180
Mouse, Alpine Harvest 266
Mouse. Alston's 273
Mouse, Ameca Harvest 270
Mouse, Anthony's Field 185
Mouse, Anthony's Pocket 366
Mouse. Apazote 194
Mouse, Arizona Field 186
Mouse, Ashy Gray Field 195
Mouse, Aztec 184
Mouse, Bailey's Pocket 361
Mouse, Baird's Pocket 354
Mouse, Banderas Field 190
Mouse, Bang's Red 275
Mouse Bat, Free-tailed 630
Mouse, Batopilas Pocket 365
Mouse, Big-eared Harvest 259
Mouse, Black-browed 201
Mouse, Black-browed Mole 166
Mouse, Black-eared Field 178
Mouse, Black-eared Pocket 356
Mouse, Black-footed 210
Mouse, Black- tailed 192
Mouse, Boquete 214, 274
Mouse, Boyle's 195
Mouse, Broad-nosed Pocket 359
Mouse. Brownsville Harvest 264
Mouse, Bryant's Pocket 364
Mouse, Buff-colored Pocket 362
Mouse, Calel Harvest 269
Mouse, California 203
Mouse, Cape St. Lucas Pocket .... 363
Mouse, Captious Harvest 263
Mouse, Catemaco Spiny 380
Mouse, Cecil's 178
Mouse, Cerros Island 185
Mouse, Cherrie's Costa Rican 183
Mouse, Chichen Itza Harvest 265
Mouse. Chilpancingo 206
Mouse, Chiriqui Harvest 259
Mouse, Chubby 205
Mouse, Cinereous Harvest 262
Mouse, Cofre de Perote Harvest . . 266
Mouse, Colima City 175
Mouse, Colima Harvest 267
Mouse, Coolidge's Field 187
836
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE.
Mouse, Costa Rica Harvest 267
Mouse, Crested-tailed 204
Mouse, Curly Spiny 380
Mouse, Dark- tailed Spiny 379
Mouse, Deer 169
Mouse, Desert 191
Mouse, Desert White-footed 188
Mouse, Drab Gray Mole 168
Mouse, Dryad 204
Mouse, Dusky Harvest 261, 272
Mouse, Dusky Spiny 379
Mouse, Dwarf 175
Mouse, Eastern Desert Pocket .... 359
Mouse, Energetic 203
Mouse, Eve's 198
Mouse, Feeble 186
Mouse, Fluffy 211
Mouse, Foreign 197
Mouse, Franklin Mountains 196
Mouse. Frisky 199
Mouse, Fulvous 183
Mouse, Gadow's 201
Mouse, Gentle 182
Mouse, Golden 169
Mouse, Goldman's 186
Mouse, Goldman's Harvest 268
Mouse, Goldman's Pocket 365
Mouse, Gray-backed Harvest 272
Mouse, Gray Pocket 367
Mouse, Gray's Spiny 375
Mouse, Great California Pocket ... 367
Mouse, Great- tailed 212
Mouse, Grizzled 196
Mouse, Harvest 89, 161
Mouse, Heller's Pocket 360
Mouse, Hispid Harvest 270
Mouse, Hispid Pocket 360
Mouse, Hoary Mole 742
Mouse, Hoary Spined 375
Mouse, Honduras Spiny 381
Mouse, House 163
Mouse, Huehuetan Spiny 380
Mouse, Imitator 205
Mouse, Intermediate Pocket 364
Mouse, Irazu Volcano Harvest ... 259
Mouse, Island of Cozumel 181
Mouse, Island of Tiburon 175
Mouse, Isthmian Spiny 378
Mouse, Jalapa Brown 176
Mouse, Jalapa Field 208
Mouse, Jalapa Harvest 267
Mouse, Jalapa House 163
PAGE.
Mouse, Jalapan 192
Mouse, Jalisco Small-eared 179
Mouse, Jaral Pocket 365
Mouse, Jet 179
Mouse, Juquila . 179
Mouse, Kindred 202
Mouse, La Carpintera Field 198
Mouse, La Palma Field 194
Mouse, Large-eared Field 210
Mouse, Large-eared Harvest 271
Mouse, Large-eared Mole 169
Mouse, La Salada Deer 190
Mouse, Las Vigas Harvest 262
Mouse, Little Desert Pocket 358
Mouse, Little Spiny 377
Mouse, Littoral Spiny 381
Mouse, Long-nosed 209
Mouse, Long-nosed Spiny 378
Mousf, Long-tailed Harvest 261
Mouse, Lower California Harvest . 262
Mouse, Margarita Pocket 363
Mouse, Maria Madre Island 197
Mouse, Merriam's Pocket 354
Mouse, Mexican 207
Mouse, Mexican Harvest 264
Mouse, Mexican Pocket 355
Mouse, Mimic 180
Mouse, Mountain 200
Mouse, Mountain Harvest 263
Mouse, Mount Malinche 195
Mouse, Mount Popocatepetl Har- vest 265
Mouse, Mount Zempoal tepee Field 204
Mouse, Mule-eared 199
Mouse, Naked-eared 188
Mouse, Nelson's Field 214
Mouse, Nelson's Pocket 364
Mouse, Nelson's Spiny 382
Mouse, Oaxaca Field 206
Mouse, Oaxaca Harvest 270
Mouse, Odd-tailed 202
Mouse, Oposura Harvest 264
Mouse, Orizaba Field 207
Mouse, Orizaba Harvest 266
Mouse, Ozolotepec Field 210
Mouse, Pacific Pocket 355
Mouse, Painted Spiny 377
Mouse, Pale Mole 167
Mouse, Pallid Pocket 366
Mouse, Patzcuaro Harvest 271
Mouse, Peninsular Harvest 263
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
837
PAGE.
Mouse, Perote 193
Mouse, Platinar Spiny 377
Mouse, Price's Pocket 358
Mouse, Puerto Angel 190
Mouse, Ramona Mole 167
Mouse, Related White-footed 184
Mouse, Rio Grande White-footed . 188
Mouse, Rio Sestin Meadow 260
Mouse, Rock . . : 208
Mouse. Rowley's Pine 189
Mouse, Rufous Harvest 268
Mouse, Sachem or Chief 203
Mouse, Samalayuca Mole 742
Mouse, San Clemente Island 187
Mouse, San Cristobal Field 209
Mouse, Sand-loving 191
Mouse, Sand-loving Mole 168
Mouse, San Felipe Field 205
Mouse, San Geronimo Island Field 181
Mouse, San Martin Island 183
Mouse, San Pedro Martir Moun- tains 189
Mouse, San Quentin 200
Mouse, San Quentin Pocket 362
Mouse, San Sebastian Harvest. ... 270 Mouse, Short-eared California
Pocket 366
Mouse, Short-nosed Pocket 355
Mouse, Shy Field 197
Mouse, Sinaloa Pocket 359
Mouse, Slender Harvest 265
Mouse, Slender-nosed Harvest .... 268
Mouse, Slender-nosed Pocket 358
Mouse, Smallest Spiny 377
Mouse, Sonora Spiny 379
Mouse, Sonora White-footed Field 182
Mouse, Sonoyta Desert 198
Mouse, Sooty 176. 211
Mouse, Spiny Pocket 363
Mouse, Stephens' Field 191
Mouse, Strange Pocket 361
Mouse, Teapa 207
Mouse, Tehuantepec Field 206
Mouse, Texan Field 186
Mouse, Thomas' Guerrero Field. . . 213
Mouse, Thurber's Field 177
Mouse, Tiny 176
Mouse, Tlalpam Field 196
Mouse, Tlalpam Harvest 271
Mouse, Todos Santos 211
Mouse, Todos Santos Harvest .... 269
Mouse, Todos Santos Island 181
PAGE.
Mouse, Torrid Spiny 376
Mouse, Totontepec Field 208
Mouse, Tropical Mole 167, 1 68
Mouse, Troublesome 193
Mouse, Uruapan Spiny 378
Mouse, Valparaiso Harvest 260
Mouse, Vera Cruz Spiny 379
Mouse, Volcan of Irazu 274
Mouse, Volcan Toluca Harvest . . . 266
Mouse, White-footed 169
Mouse, White-lipped Harvest .... 269
Mouse, White-spot Deer 178
Mouse, White-tailed 201
Mouse, Xometla 184
Mouse, Yaki Mole 742
Mouse, Yohaltun 177
Mouse, Yucatan 194
Mouse, Zacatecas Pocket 361
Mouse, Zamora 202
Monkey, Fulvous-bellied Spider . . 734
Monkey, Geoffrey's Spider 733
Monkey, Geoff roy's Titi 724
Monkey, Grizzled Spider 734
Monkey, Mexican Spider 734
Monkey, Noisy Squirrel 729
Monkey, Oerstead's Titi 731
Monkey, Rufous-foot Squirrel .... 729
Monkeys 723, 726
Monkeys, Howling 725, 726
Monkeys, New World 725
Monkeys, Prehensile-tailed 725
Monkeys, Spider 732, 733
Monkeys, Squirrel 728
Mono 726
Mono carablanca 736
Mono Colorado 733
Montserrat Bat 705
Motzorongo Skunk 517
Mountain Shrew 553
Mt. Popocatepetl Shrew 561
Mt. Zempoaltepec Shrew 562
Mule Armadillo 32
Mule Deer 76
Mule Deer, California 77
Mule Deer, Chihuahua 78
Mule Deer, Desert 77
Mule-eared Mouse 199
Mulita 32
Mungoose 460, 46 1 , 463
Muntjac 79
Mungoose, Common Indian 462
Murine Opossum 5
838
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE.
Murine Opossum. Mexican 6
Musk Deer 67, 403
Musk Oxen 83
Musk-rat 161, 306, 388
Musk-rat, Pale 308
Musk-rats 306
Musky Bat 617
Muyus 487
Naked-eared Mouse 188
Naked-tailed Pocket Gopher 318
Naked- tailed Rat 217
Naked-tailed Wood Rats 277
Narrow-headed Pocket Gopher ... 328
Narrow-headed Spotted Skunk ... 521
Narrow-headed Wood Rat 285
Narwhal 47
Nayarit Squirrel 108
Neglected Pocket Gopher 320
Nelson's Coati 496
Nelson's Deer 75
Nelson's Field Mouse 214
Nelson's Grison 526, 528
Nelson's Hare 412
Nelson's Pocket Gopher 324, 339
Nelson's Pocket Mouse 364
Nelson's Shrew 561
Nelson's Spiny Mouse 382
Nelson's Squirrel 121
Nelson's Wood Rat 292
New World Monkeys 725
Nicaraguan Bat, Small-eared 663
Nicaraguan Spiny Rat 387
Nicaragua Squirrel 127
Nicholls' Bat 706
Nimble Kangaroo Rat 351
Nine-banded Armadillo 34
Noisy Squirrel Monkey 729
Noland's Ranch Coyote 469
North American Bears 478
Northern Tenasserin 93
Northwestern Puma 454
Norway Rat 164
Nose-leaf Bat, Barbadoes 677
Nose-leaf Bat, Cavern 689
Nose-leaf Bat, Cuban 678
Nose-leaf Bat, Dwarf 690
Nose-leaf Bat, Miller's 678
Nose-leaf Bat, Porto Rico 677
Nose-leaf Bat, Redman's 679
Nose-leaf Bat, Santa Lucia 678
PAGE.
Nose-leaf Bat, Ypanema 713
Nose-leaf Bats 569
Nutria 536
Nuttall's Hare 425
Oak Woods Squirrel 118
Oaxaca Field Mouse 206
Oaxaca Harvest Mouse 270
Oaxaca Opossum 8
Oaxaca Spotted Skunk 521
Oaxaca Squirrel 117
Ocelot 447 , 448
Ocelot, Carriker's 449
Ocelot, Costa Rica 448
Ochraceous-faced Cotton Rat .... 230
Ochraceous- footed Coyote 470
Ocotlan Cotton Rat 229
Ocotlan Rice Rat 240
Ocotlan Slender Shrew 557, 558
Octodonts 382
Odd-tailed Mouse 202
Oerstead's Titi Monkey 731
Omilteme Rabbit 743
Onza 453, 532
Opossum i
Opossum, Allen's 13
Opossum, Alston's 9
Opossum, Ashy 6
Opossum, Batty 's 18
Opossum, Earl of Derby's 9
Opossum, Eten 18
Opossum, Fulvous-bellied 8
Opossum, Gray 7
Opossum, Island 17
Opossum, Island of Cozumel 15
Opossum, Linnaean 15
Opossum, Maria Madre Island .... 7
Opossum, Mexican Murine 6
Opossum, Murine 5
Opossum, Oaxaca 8
Opossum, Orizaba 13
Opossum, Pale Woolly 10
Opossum, Rat-tailed 12
Opossum, Richmond's 17
Opossum, Sinaloa 6
Opossum, Tabasco 16
Opossum, Texas 16
Opossum, Water 3
Opossum, Yucatan 14
Opossums i
Oposura Harvest Mouse 264
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
839
PAGE. Orcas . . .47, 50,538
Ord's Kangaroo Rat 350
Orizaba Field Mouse 207
Orizaba Hare 425
Orizaba Harvest Mouse 266
Orizaba Opossum 13
Orizaba Pocket Gopher 337
Orizaba Wood Rat 286
Ornamented Kangaroo Rat 344
Oso Colmenero 27
Oso Real 29
Otter 534
Otter, Central America 536
Otter, Mexican 535
Otter, Sea . 537
Otters 5°2, 534, 535
Ounce-like Cat 540
Ox 38
Ozolotepec Field Mouse 210
Paca 403, 408
Paca, Central American 408, 409
Pacific Ocean Seal 541
Pacific Pale Bat 607
Pacific Pocket Mouse 355
Pacuare Pocket Gopher 330
Painted Spiny Mouse 377
Painted Wood Rat 287
Pale Bat 579
Pale Bat, Big-eared 605
Pale Bat, Pacific 607
Pale Mole Mouse 167
Pale Musk Rat 308
Pale Pocket Gopher 340
Pale Rice Rat 238
Pale Woolly Opossum 10
Pallid Coati 498
Pallid Pocket Mouse 366
Palm Springs Free-tailed Bat .... 626
Palmer's Kangaroo Rat 350
Panama Bat 597
Panama Rat 219
Panama Rice Rat 241
Panama Spiny Rat 387
Pangolins 19
Parnell's Bat 642
Patzcuaro Harvest Mouse 271
Peccaries 61
Peccary, Armenia 63
Peccary, Boquete 65
Peccary, Dwarf 62
PAGE.
Peccary, Heavy 64
Peccary, Savage 66
Peccary, Sonora 64
Peccary, Texan 63
Peccary, White-lipped 65, 66
Peccary, Yucatan 63
Peninsular Harvest Mouse 263
Perico Lijero 20
Perote Kangaroo Rat 344
Perote Mouse 1 93
Perote Pocket Gopher 313
Perote Spermophile 145
Perote Squirrel 117
Perote Wood Rat 293
Perrito 155
Pernio del Campo 155
Peters' Vampire Bat 656
Peters' White-striped Bat 704
Pfeiffer's Red Bat 593
Phillips' Kangaroo Rat 343
Pigmy Sperm Whale 46
Pigmy Squirrel, Alfaro's 99
Pigmy Squirrel, Chiriqui 100
Pigs 61
Pikas 411
Pilot or Ca'ing Whale 53
Pine Mouse, Rawley's 189
Pine Zone Pocket Gopher 332
Pinniped Carnivora 441
Pisoti 497
Plains Hare 421
Plain- tailed Spermophile 152
Plantigrades 478
Plateau Pocket Gopher 336
Platinar Spiny Mouse 377
Pocket Gopher, Blackish 335
Pocket Gopher, Boquete 329
Pocket Gopher, Bristled 324
Pocket Gopher, Broad-footed .... 329
Pocket Gopher, Buller's 320
Pocket Gopher, Cervine 340
Pocket Gopher, Cherrie's 330
Pocket Gopher, Chestnut-faced ... 315
Pocket Gopher, Digger 324
Pocket Gopher, Flat-headed 319
Pocket Gopher, Fulvous 316
Pocket Gopher, Giant 322
Pocket Gopher, Goldman's . . . .316, 339
Pocket Gopher, Harsh-coated .... 326
Pocket Gopher, Irazu 328
Pocket Gopher, Juarez 338
840
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE.
Pocket Gopher, Las Vigas 314
Pocket Gopher, Lost 338
Pocket Gopher, Merriam's 313
Pocket Gopher, Mt. Iztaccihuatl .. 314
Pocket Gopher, Naked- tailed 318
Pocket Gopher, Narrow-headed. . . 328
Pocket Gopher, Neglected 320
Pocket Gopher, Nelson's 324, 339
Pocket Gopher, Orizaba 337
Pocket Gopher, Pacuare 330
Pocket Gopher, Pale 340
Pocket Gopher, Perote 313
Pocket Gopher, Pine Zone 332
Pocket Gopher, Plateau 336
Pocket Gopher, Reddish Brown . . 334
Pocket Gopher, Sand-loving 310
Pocket Gopher, San Pedro Martir . 336
Pocket Gopher, Santa Anita 335
Pocket Gopher, Sierra Laguna. ... 335
Pocket Gopher, Sinaloa 339
Pocket Gopher, Slender-nosed .... 319
Pocket Gopher, Sooty 318
Pocket Gopher, Tatameles 338
Pocket Gopher, Tough-skinned ... 319
Pocket Gopher, Tropical 326
Pocket Gopher, Troublesome 337
Pocket Gopher, Wandering 337
Pocket Gopher, White-nosed 322
Pocket Gophers 309, 310, 332
Pocket Gophers, Ancient 320
Pocket Gophers, Broad-headed ... 316
Pocket Gophers, Distinct 325
Pocket Gophers, Large-sized 326
Pocket Gophers, Powerful 311
Pocket Gophers, Straight-headed . 322
Pocket Gophers. Zygomata 330
Pocket Mice 341, 352, 368
Pocket, Mouse Anthony's 366
Pocket Mouse, Bailey's 361
Pocket Mouse, Baird's 354
Pocket Mouse, Batopilas 365
Pocket Mouse, Black-eared 356
Pocket Mouse, Broad-nosed 359
Pocket Mouse, Bryant's 364
Pocket Mouse, Buff-colored 362
Pocket Mouse, Cape St. Lucas .... 363
Pocket Mouse, Eastern Desert .... 359
Pocket Mouse, Goldman's 365
Pocket Mouse, Gray 367
Pocket Mouse, Great California .. . 367
Pocket Mouse, Heller's 360
PACE.
Pocket Mouse, Hispid 360
Pocket Mouse, Intermediate 364
Pocket Mouse, Jaral 365
Pocket Mouse, Little Desert 358
Pocket Mouse, Margarita 363
Pocket Mouse, Merriam's 354
Pocket Mouse, Mexican 355
Pocket Mouse, Nelson's 364
Pocket Mouse, Pacific 355
Pocket Mouse, Pallid 366
Pocket Mouse, Price's 358
Pocket Mouse, San Quentin 362
Pocket Mouse, Short-eared Califor- nia 366
Pocket Mouse, Short-nosed 355
Pocket Mouse, Sinaloa 359
Pocket Mouse, Slender-nosed 358
Pocket Mouse, Spiny 363
Pocket Mouse, Strange 361
Pocket Mouse, Zacatecas 361
Poey's Bat 686
Polar Bear 478
Porcupine ... .... .397, 547
Porcupine, Chiriqui 402
Porcupine, Light-colored 401
Porcupine, Mexican Tree 401
Porcupine, Prehensile-tailed 402
Porcupine, Rothschild's Tree 401
Porcupine, Western 397, 399
Porcupine, Yucatan Tree 402
Porcupines 396
Porcupines, American 397
Porcupines, Ground 399
Porcupines, Long-spined 397
Porcupines, Short-spined 399
Porcupines, Tree 399
Porpoise 47. 49
Porpoise, Bottle-nosed 56
Porpoise, Common 49
Porpoises 43, 48
Porto Rican Bat 643
Porto Rico Nose-leaf Bat 677
Pottos 482
Pouched Bat 612
Pouched Rats 89, 308
Pouched Rats, Spiny 368
Powerful Pocket Gophers 311
Prairie-dog 155
Prairie-dog, Arizona 154
Prairie-dog, Gunnison's 156
Prairie-dog, Mexican 156
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
S41
PAGE.
Prairie-dogs 152,153
Prehensile-tailed Hutia 391
Prehensile-tailed Monkeys 725
Prehensile- tailed Porcupine 402
Price's Pocket Mouse 358
Primates 723
Projecting- teeth Squirrel 91
Prominent-eared Bat 574
Prong-buck 81
Prong-horn 81
Prong-horn Antelope 81, 82
Prong-horn. Mexican 81.82
Puebla Hare 418
Puerto Angel Mouse 190
Pug-nosed Mastiff Bat 620
Puma 454,455
Puma, Central American 456
Puma, Mexican 456
Puma, Northwestern 454
Pumas 455
Querendaro Wood Rat 282
Rabbit 409, 41 1
Rabbit, Allen's Jack 434
Rabbit, Alta Mira Jack 745
Rabbit, Batty's Jackass 433
Rabbit, Beautiful-eared Jack 431
Rabbit, California Jack 437
Rabbit, Desert Jack 435
Rabbit, Donkey Jack 435
Rabbit, Esperito Santo Island Jack 438
Rabbit, Gaillard's Jack 433
Rabbit, Gray Desert Jack 436
Rabbit, Hidalgo Jack 746
Rabbit, Lower California Jack. . . . 438
Rabbit, Merriam's Jack 432
Rabbit, Omilteme 743
Rabbit, San Pedro Martir Jack .. . 439
Rabbit, Wandering Jack 434
Rabbit, Western Desert 437
Rabbits 89, 409, 410, 411
Rabbits, Jack 410,411
Raccoon 489
Raccoon, Crab-eating 492
Raccoon, Hernandez's 491
Raccoon, Island 492
Raccoon, Little 490
Raccoon, Maynard's 491
Raccoon-fox 482
Raccoon-fox, Boquete 485
PAGE.
Raccoon-fox, Common 484
Raccoon-fox, Esperito Santo 485
Raccoon-fox, Southern 487
Raccoon-fox, Tawny 485
Raccoon-fox, White-footed 486
Raccoon-foxes 482
Raccoons 482, 490
Rafinesque's Bat 599
Ramona Mole Mouse 167
Rat 89, 161
Rat, Active Rice 250
Rat, Active Wood 282
Rat, Alfaro's Rice 242, 255
Rat, Allen's Cotton 224
Rat, Allen's Wood 297
Rat, Allied Kangaroo 347
Rat, Allied Spiny 371
Rat, Alpine Cotton 231
Rat, Alston's Wood 294
Rat, Amoles Cotton 231
Rat, Apazote 221
Rat, Arizona Cotton 228
Rat, Aztec Rice 245
Rat, Bailey's Cotton 226
Rat, Berlandier's Cotton 228
Rat, Black 164
Rat, Black-eared Cotton 232
Rat, Black-eared Rice 243
Rat, Black-nosed Kangaroo 348
Rat, Black Rice 250
Rat, Black Spiny 370
Rat, Black-tailed Kangaroo 348
Rat, Black-tailed Wood 284
Rat, Bogova Rice 245
Rat, Bogova Spiny 387
Rat, Boqueron Cotton 225
Rat, Boquete Spiny 372
Rat, Boquete Vesper 216
Rat, Boruca Cotton 224
Rat, Broad-nosed Rice 243
Rat, Brown 161, 165
Rat, Buller's Rice 239
Rat, Buller's Spiny 370
Rat, Ceiba Cotton 225
Rat, Cerros Island Wood 280
Rat, Chapman's Kangaroo 350
Rat, Chapman's Rice 238
Rat, Cheating Wood 295
Rat, Cherrie's Rice 253
Rat, Chichen Itza Rice 236
Rat, Coban Spiny 372
842
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE.
Rat, Collared Wood 279
Rat, Collector Wood 280
Rat, Coues' Rice 236
Rat, Cozumel Island Rice 241
Rat, Deceitful Rice 246
Rat, Desert Kangaroo 345
Rat, Doubtful Kangaroo 346
Rat, Durango Wood 285
Rat, Dusky-footed Wood 279
Rat, Dusky Kangaroo 351
Rat, El General Rice 249
Rat, Escondido River Rice 248
Rat, Faded Vesper 216
Rat, Fulvous-bellied Cotton 232
Rat, Fulvous-bellied Wood 289
Rat, Fulvous Rice 247, 248
Rat, Gaumer's Spiny 371
Rat, Gliding Spiny 384
Rat, Goldman's 288
Rat, Goldman's Rice 246
Rat, Goldman's Spiny 373
Rat, Gray- faced Wood 297
Rat, Gray Spiny 373
Rat, Guatemalan Rice 241
Rat, Handsome Kangaroo 345
Rat, Hispid Spiny 371
Rat, House 222, 565
Rat, Isolated Rice 254
Rat, Isthmian Wood 287
Rat, Jalapa Rice 246
Rat, Jamaica Rice 247
Rat, Juquila Wood 288
Rat, La Parada Spiny 369
Rat, Large Cotton 228
Rat, Large-eared Wood 279
Rat, Least Cotton 230
Rat, Lonely Rice 244
Rat, Long-haired Rice 245
Rat, Long-tailed Rice 238
Rat, Long- tailed Spiny 372
Rat, Lower California Rice 236
Rat, Lower California Wood 283
Rat, Maria Madre Island Rice .... 235
Rat, Marsh Rice 237
Rat, Mascota Cotton 227
Rat, Merriam's Kangaroo 346
Rat, Mexican Wood 282
Rat, Mountain Wood 294
Rat, Mt. Tancitaro Wood 290
Rat, Naked-tailed 217
Rat, Narrow-headed Wood 285
PAGE.
Rat, Nelson's Wood 292
Rat, Nicaraguan Spiny 387
Rat, Nimble Kangaroo 351
Rat, Norway 164
Rat, Ochraceous-faced Cotton .... 230
Rat, Ocotlan Cotton 229
Rat, Ocotlan Rice 240
Rat, Ord's Kangaroo 350
Rat, Orizaba Wood 286
Rat, Ornamented Kangaroo 344
Rat, Painted Wood 287
Rat, Pale Rice 238
Rat, Palmer's Kangaroo 350
Rat, Panama 219
Rat, Panama Rice 241
Rat, Panama Spiny 387
Rat, Perote Kangaroo 344
Rat, Perote Wood 293
Rat, Phillips' Kangaroo 343
Rat, Querendaro Wood 282
Rat, Rhoad's Wood 284
Rat, Rufous Rice 239
Rat, Rusty Wood 280
Rat, Salvin's Spiny 370
Rat, San Felipe Desert 286
Rat, San Miguel Spiny 388
Rat, Santa Maria Volcano Rice . . . 245
Rat, Shining Rice 240
Rat, Short-spined 386
Rat, Short- tailed Spiny 373
Rat, Sinaloa Wood 283
Rat, Slender-tailed Wood 286
Rat, Small-footed Wood 281
Rat, Small Kangaroo 346
Rat, Small- toothed Cotton 226
Rat, Spotted Spiny 373
Rat, St. Lucia Rice 251
Rat, St. Vincent Rice 244
Rat, Striped-face Rice 237
Rat, Suerre Rice 254
Rat, Sumichrast's Vesper 216
Rat, Tabascan Rice 237
Rat, Talamanca Rice 241
Rat, Teapa Cotton 225
Rat, Teapa Rice 244, 247
Rat, Texolo Wood 278
Rat, Tiburon Island Kangaroo . . . 344
Rat, Todos Santos Island Wood . . 284
Rat, Toltec Cotton 226
Rat, Tonala Cotton 229
Rat, Tonila Rice 242
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
843
PAGE.
Rat, Tropical Wood 288
Rat, Tumbula 218
Rat, Tumbula Rice 239
Rat, Tunkas 221
Rat, Tuxtla 219
Rat, Volcan de Chiriqui Cotton ... 231
Rat, Wandering Rice 243
Rat, Watson's 219
Rat, Western Desert Cotton 227
Rat, White-bellied Rice 236
Rat, White-eared Cotton 230
Rat, White-throated Wood 285
Rat, White- toothed Wood 281
Rat, Wood 275
Rat, Zacatecas Wood 290
Rats 162, 461. 482, 529
Rats, Aquatic 89
Rats, Arboreal 388
Rats, Cotton 89, 222
Rats, Five-toed Kangaroo 349
Rats, Four- toed Kangaroo 341
Rats, Hedge-hog 382
Rats, House 306
Rats, Kangaroo 340, 341, 348, 352
Rats, Naked- tailed Wood 277
Rats, Pouched 89, 308, 309
Rats, Rice 89, 232, 233
Rats, Spiny 382, 384, 385
Rats, Spiny Pouched 368
Rats, Tree 382
Rats, Vesper 214
Rats, Wood 275, 276
Rat- tailed Opossum 12
Razor-backs 42
Red Bat 593
Red Bat, California 594
Red Bat, Mexican 594
Red Bat, Pfeiffer's 593
Reddish Brown Pocket Gopher . . . .334
Reddish Meadow Vole 302
Red Fox 473
Redman's Nose-leaf Bat 679
Red Mouse, Bangs' 275
Red Squirrel 132
Red Squirrels 132
Related White-footed Mouse 1 84
Restless Bat 601
Rhinoceros 60
Rhoad's Wood Rat 284
Rice Rat, Active 250
Rice Rat, Alfaro's 242, 255
PAGE.
Rice Rat, Aztec 245
Rice Rat, Black 250
Rice Rat, Black-eared 243
Rice Rat, Bogava 245
Rice Rat, Broad-nosed 243
Rice Rat, Buller's 239
Rice Rat, Chapman's 238
Rice Rat, Cherrie's 253
Rice Rat, Chichen Itza 236
Rice Rat, Coues' 236
Rice Rat, Cozumel Island 241
Rice Rat, Deceitful 246
Rice Rat, El General 249
Rice Rat, Escondido River 248
Rice Rat, Fulvous 247, 248
Rice Rat, Goldman's 246
Rice Rat, Guatemalan 241
Rice Rat, Isolated 254
Rice Rat, Jalapa 246
Rice Rat, Jamaica 247
Rice Rat, Lonely 244
Rice Rat, Long-haired 245
Rice Rat, Long-tailed 238
Rice Rat, Lower California 236
Rice Rat, Maria Madre Island .... 235
Rice Rat, Marsh 237
Rice Rat, Ocotlan 240
Rice Rat, Pale 238
Rice Rat, Panama 241
Rice Rat, Rufous 239
Rice Rat, Santa Maria Volcano . . . 245
Rice Rat, Shining 240
Rice Rat. St. Lucia 251
Rice Rat, St. Vincent 244
Rice Rat, Striped-face 237
Rice Rat, Suerre 254
Rice Rat, Tabascan 237
Rice Rat, Talamanca 241
Rice Rat, Teapa 244, 247
Rice Rat, Tonila 242
Rice Rat, Tumbala 239
Rice Rat, Wandering 243
Rice Rat, White-bellied 236
Rice Rats 89, 232, 233
Richmond's Opossum 17
Richmond's Squirrel 105
Right Whale, Arctic 39
Ring- tailed Spermophile 151
Rio Grande Bridled Weasel 533
Rio Grande White-footed Mouse .. 188
Rio Managua Squirrel 129
844
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE.
Rio Scstin Meadow Mouse 260
Robber Coyote 465
Rock Mouse 208
Rock Spermophile 142, 150
Rodent 89, 403
Rodents 89, 159, 403, 410, 529
Rodents, American 58, 133
Rorquals 42
Rothschild's Deer 72
Rothschild's Tree Porcupine 401
Round-eared Bat 658
Round- tailed Spermophile 144
Rowley's Pine Mouse 189
Ruatan Island Agouti 405
Rufous-foot Squirrel Monkey 729
Rufous Harvest Mouse 268
Rufous Mastiff Bat 619
Rufous Rice Rat 239
Rufous Vampire Bat 719
Ruminant 403
Ruminants, Hollow-horned 67, 83
Ruminants, Solid-horned 67
Ruminants, True 67
Russet Hare 420
Rusty Wood Rat 280
Sachem or Chief Mouse 203
Saddle-back Anteater 28
St. Lucia Bat 706
St. Martin Bat 697
Salvin's Leaf-nosed Bat 710
Salvin's Shrew 551
Salvin's Spiny Rat 370
Samalayuca Mole Mouse 742
San Bernardino Bat 589
San Christobal Shrew 551
San Clemente Island Mouse 187
San Cristobal Field Mouse 209
San Diego Hare 422
San Felipe Desert Rat 286
San Felipe Field Mouse 205
San Felipe Skunk 517
San Geronimo Hair Seal 542
San Geronimo Island Field Mouse 181
San Martin Island Mouse 183
San Miguel Spiny Rat 388
San Pedro Martir Jack Rabbit ... 439
San Pedro Martir Mountains Mouse 189
San Pedro Martir Pocket Gopher . 336
San Pedro Martir Spotted Skunk . 522
San Quentin Mouse 200
San Quentin Pocket Mouse 362
PAGE. San Sebastian Harvest Mouse .... 270
Sand-loving Mole Mouse 168
Sand-loving Mouse 191
Sand-loving Pocket Gopher 310
Santa Anita Bat 633
Santa Anita Pocket Gopher 335
Santa Lucia Nose-leaf Bat 678
Santa Maria Volcano Rice Rat . . . 245
Santa Rosalia Bat 602
Sapajou, Allied 737
Sapajous 725
Sartori's Brocket 80
Saussure's Large-eared Bat 653
Saussure's Shrew 553
Savage Peccary 66
Scammon's Black-fish 54
Sclater's Shrew 552
Scott's Gray Fox 477
Sea-bears 538, 543, 544
Sea-cow, Steller's 35, 36
Sea-elephant 546
Sea-elephants 544
Sea-lion 539
Sea-lion, California 539, 540
Sea-lions 50, 538, 539
Sea Otter 537
Sea Pigs 48
Seal, Elephant 545
Seal, Fur 538
Seal, Guadalupe Fur 544
Seal, Pacific Ocean 541
Seal, San Geronimo Hair 542
Seal, Southern Fur 543
Seal, West Indian 542, 543
Seals 538, 541
Seals, Fur 50, 543, 544
Sezekorn's Bat 686
Shaggy-eared Bat 642
Sharp-toothed Dolphin 57, 58
Shaved Mastiff Bat 623
Sheep 60, 83
Sheep, Mountain 83
Shining Rice Rat 240
Short-eared California Pocket
Mouse 366
Short-fingered Bat 636
Short-finned Black-fish 53
Short-nosed Pocket Mouse 355
Short-spined Porcupines 399
Short-spined Rat 386
Short-tailed Bat 669
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
S45
PAGE.
Short-tailed Hutia 393
Short- tailed Spiny Rat 373
Shrew, Berlandier's 558
Shrew, Black 558
Shrew, Changeable 553
Shrew, Chestnut-bellied 550
Shrew, Coues' Mexican 560
Shrew, Crawford's 554
Shrew, Dusky 559
Shrew, Giant 555
Shrew, Godman's 552
Shrew, Goldman's 560
Shrew, Great 562
Shrew, Guatemalan 551
Shrew, Large-toothed 552
Shrew, Lofty Mountain 550
Shrew, Maya 561
Shrew, Mazatlan 555
Shrew, Minute 550
Shrew, Mountain 553
Shrew, Mt. Popocatepetl 561
Shrew, Mt. Zempoal tepee 562
Shrew, Nelson's 561
Shrew, Ocotlan Slender 557, 5 58
Shrew, Salvin's 551
Shrew, San Christobal 551
Shrew, Saussure's 553
Shrew, Sclater's 552
Shrew, Tlalpam 560
Shrew, Tropical 559
Shrew, Volcano of Irazii -. 559
Shrew, Wandering 560
Shrew, Warring 561
Shrew-like Bat 672
Shrews 548, 555
Shrews, American 548, 555
Shrews, Common 549
Shy Field Mouse 197
Sierra Laguna Bat 597
Sierra Laguna Pocket Gopher .... 335
Sierra Madre Sperm ophile 147
Sinaloa Cottontail 745
Sinaloa Jaguarondi 452
Sinaloa Opossum 6
Sinaloa Pocket Gopher 339
Sinaloa Pocket Mouse 359
Sinaloa Spotted Skunk 519
Sinaloa Squirrel 122
Sinaloa White-tailed Deer 78
Sinaloa Wood Rat 283
Sirenians 35
FACE.
Skunk 506, 507
Skunk, Bridled 512
Skunk, Cape St. Lucas Spotted .. . 523 Skunk, Chihuahuan Little Spotted 521
Skunk, Guadalupe 517
Skunk, Long- tailed 510, 511
Skunk, Lower California 507
Skunk, Mearns' 516
Skunk, Merriam's 509
Skunk, Miller's 511
Skunk, Motzorongo 517
Skunk, Narrow-headed Spotted ... 521
Skunk, Oaxaca Spotted 521
Skunk, San Felipe 517
Skunk, San Pedro Martir Spotted . 522
Skunk, Sinaloa Spotted 519
Skunk, Sonoran 514
Skunk, Texan " 515
Skunk, White-backed 515
Skunk, White-spotted .. . .515, 522, 523
Skunks 506, 507, 512
Skunks, Little Spotted siQ
Skunks, Spotted 341,519
Skunks, Striped 519
Skunks, White-backed 512
Slender Harvest Mouse 265
Slender, Long-tailed Bats 570
Slender-nosed Harvest Mouse .... 268 Slender-nosed Pocket Gopher .... 319
Slender-nosed Pocket Mouse 358
Slender Shrew, Ocotlan 557, 558
Slender- tailed Wood Rat 286
Sloth, Chestnut-headed 22, 23
Sloth, Dusky 24
Sloth, Hoffman's 20, 21
Sloths 19
Small Bat 674
Small-eared Mouse, Jalisco 179
Small-eared Nicaraguan Bat 663
Small-footed Bat 635, 694
Small-footed Hare 436
Small-footed Wood Rat 281
Small Kangaroo Rat 346
Small Spotted Cat 450
Small-spotted Spermophile 146
Small-toothed Cotton Rat 226
Small-toothed Fox 476
Small-toothed Spermophile 146
Small-winged Bat 580
Smallest Spiny Mouse 377
Smith's Coyote 466
846
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE.
Snowy Bat 679, 680
Solenodons 548
Solid-horned Ruminants 67
Sonoran Beaver 159, 161
Sonoran Skunk 514
Sonoran Spermophile 144
Sonora Peccary 64
Sonora Spiny Mouse 379
Sonora White-footed Field Mouse 182
Sonoyta Desert Mouse 198
Sooty Mouse 176, 211
Sooty Pocket Gopher 318
Southern Fur Seal 543
Southern Raccoon-fox 487
Spear-nosed Bat 666
Specter Bat 656
Sperm Whale 43, 44, 45
Sperm Whale, Pigmy 46
Sperm Whales 38, 43, 44
Spermophile, Black-headed 150
Spermophile, Bushy-tailed 149
Spermophile, Fisher's 150
Spermophile, Goldman's 151
Spermophile, Harris's 141
Spermophile, Long- tailed 149
Spermophile, Lower California .... 143
Spermophile, Mexican 146
Spermophile, Perote 145
Spermophile, Plain-tailed 152
Spermophile, Ring- tailed 151
Spermophile, Rock 142, 150
Spermophile, Round- tailed 144
Spermophile, Sierra Madre 147
Spermophile, Small-spotted 146
Spermophile, Small-toothed 146
Spermophile, Sonoran 144
Spermophile, Spotted 145
Spermophile, Trader 143
Spermophile, White- tailed 142
Spermophiles 138
Spider Monkey, Black 734
Spider Monkey, Fulvous-bellied. . . 734
Spider Monkey, Geoffrey's 733
Spider Monkey, Grizzled 734
Spider Monkey, Mexican 733
Spider Monkeys 732
Spiny Mouse, Allen's 376
Spiny Mouse, Catemaco 380
Spiny Mouse, Curly 380
Spiny Mouse, Dark- tailed 379
Spiny Mouse, Dusky 379
PAGE.
Spiny Mouse, Gray's 375
Spiny Mouse, Hoary 375
Spiny Mouse, Honduras 381
Spiny Mouse, Huehuetan 380
Spiny Mouse, Isthmian 378
Spiny Mouse, Little 377
Spiny Mouse, Littoral 381
Spiny Mouse, Long-nosed 378
Spiny Mouse, Nelson's 382
Spiny Mouse, Painted 377
Spiny Mouse, Platinar 377
Spiny Mouse, Smallest 377
Spiny Mouse, Sonora 379
Spiny Mouse, Torrid 376
Spiny Mouse, Uruapan 378
Spiny Mouse, Vera Cruz 379
Spiny Pocket Mouse 363
Spiny Rat, Allied 371
Spiny Rat, Black 370
Spiny Rat, Bogova 387
Spiny Rat, Boquete 372
Spiny Rat, Buller's 370
Spiny Rat, Coban 372
Spiny Rat, Gaumer's 371
Spiny Rat, Gliding 382
Spiny Rat, Goldman's 373
Spiny Rat, Gray 373
Spiny Rat, Hispid 371
Spiny Rat, La Parada 369
Spiny Rat, Long- tailed 372
Spiny Rat, Nicaraguan 387
Spiny Rat, Panama 387
Spiny Rat, Salvin's 370
Spiny Rat, San Miguel 388
Spiny Rat, Short- tailed 373
Spiny Rat. Spotted 373
Spiny Rats 382, 384, 385
Spotted Agouti 405
Spotted Cat, Small 450
Spotted Skunk, Cape San Lucas. . . 523
Spotted Skunk, Chihuahuan Little. 521
Spotted Skunk, Narrow-headed ... 521
Spotted Skunk, Oaxaca 521
Spotted Skunk, San Pedro Martir . 522
Spotted Skunk, Sinaloa 519
Spotted Skunks 341, 519
Spotted Spermophile 145
Spotted Spiny Rat 373
Squirrel 89, 547
Squirrel, Acapulco. / 124
Squirrel, Alfaro's Pigmy 99
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
847
PAGE.
Squirrel, Allen's 108
Squirrel, Apache no
Squirrel, Apazote 102
Squirrel, Arizona Gray 109
Sqxiirrel, Banded-back 127
Squirrel, Barber's 741
Squirrel, Black-backed 107
Squirrel, Brown's 100
Squirrel, California Gray 130
Squirrel, Chiapas 125
Squirrel, Chiriqui 104
Squirrel, Chiriqui Pigmy 100
Squirrel, Colima 120
Squirrel, Colima Mountain 119
Squirrel, Collie's 121
Squirrel, Common (of Europe) .... 132
Squirrel, Deppe's 101
Squirrel, Durango 112
Squirrel, Escondido River 128
Squirrel, Fire-bellied 116
Squirrel, Golden-bellied 115
Squirrel, Goldman's 130
Squirrel, Gray's Black 128
Squirrel, Guatemala 1 24
Squirrel, Guerrero 1 20
Squirrel, Hoffmann's 104
Squirrel, Honduras 128
Squirrel, Huachuca 109
Squirrel, La Cienaga 741
Squirrel, Lion Hill 105
Squirrel, Little Gray 102
Squirrel, Manzanillo 122
Squirrel, Mearn's 133
Squirrel, Michoacan 118
Squirrel, Monkey, Noisy 729
Squirrel, Monkey, Rufous-foot .... 729
Squirrel Monkeys 728
Squirrel, Mountain 121
Squirrel, Nayarit 108
Squirrel, Nelson's 121
Squirrel, Nicaragua 127
Squirrel, Oak Woods 118
Squirrel, Oaxaca 117
Squirrel, Perote 117
Squirrel, Projecting- teeth 91
Squirrel, Red 132
Squirrel, Richmond's 105
Squirrel, Rio Managua i 29
Squirrel, Sinaloa 122
Squirrel, Swarthy 1 26
Squirrel, Tehuantepec 123
PAGE.
Squirrel, Texas Fox 1 10
Squirrel, Thomas' 126
Squirrel, Toluca 107
Squirrel, True's 123
Squirrel, Variegated 129
Squirrel, Yucatan 125
Squirrels 89, 90, 93, 547
Squirrels, American 93
Squirrels, American Ground 134
Squirrels, Flying 89, 547
Squirrels, Gray 93
Squirrels, Ground 89, 90
Squirrels, Red 132
Squirrels, Tree 90, 92, 93, 133
St. Lucia Rice Rat 251
St. Vincent Rice Rat 244
Steller's Sea-Cow 35, 36
Stephens' Field Mouse 191
Straight-eared Mastiff Bat 623
Straight-headed Pocket Gophers . . 322
Strange Pocket Mouse 361
Straw-colored Bat 632
Striped-face Rice Rat 237
Striped Skunk 519
Suerre Rice Rat 254
Sumichrast's Vesper Rat 216
Swamp Hare 415
Swamp Hare, Attwater's 414
Swamp Hare, True's 415
Swarthy Squirrel 126
Swift Bat 583
Swine 60
Tabascan Rice Rat 237
Tabasco Opossum 16
Tailless Bat 720
Tailless Bat, Boquete 721
Talamanca Rice Rat 241
Tapir, Baird's 87
Tapir, Dow's 88
Tapirs 60, 86, 87
Tamaulipas Coyote 469
Tatameles Pocket Gopher 338
Tawny Raccoon-fox 485
Taxon 504
Teapa Cotton Rat 225
Teapa Mouse 207
Teapa Rice Rat 244, 247
Teapa Weasel 531
Tehuantepec Field Mouse 206
Tehuantepec Hare 418
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE.
Tehuantepec Squirrel 123
Tejon 27, 497
Tejon soliiario 491
Tenasserim, Northern 93
Tenatzali 86
Tenrec 565
Tepachiche del Cofre de Perole 487
Terrestrial Garni vora 441
Teion 504
Texan Deer 70
Texan Field Mouse 186
Texan Gray Fox 478
Texan Peccary 63
Texan Skunk 515
Texas Fox Squirrel no
Texas Opossum 16
Texolo Wood Rat 278
The Eyra 453
The Margay 449
The Tamaulips Eyra 453
Thievish Coyote 467
Thomas's Bat 612
Thomas' Deer 74
Thomas' Guerrero Field Mouse. ... 213
Thomas' Squirrel 126
Three-toed Anteater 27, 28
Thurber's Field Mouse 177
Tiburon Island Kangaroo Rat .... 344
Tigre 446
Tigrillo 477
Timber Wolf, Mexican 470, 47 1
Timber Wolves 464
Tiny Mouse 176
Tiii 731
Titi Monkey, Geoffrey's 724
Titi Monkey, Oerstead's 731
Tlacuazin de Agua 3
Tlacuazin Raion 5
Tlalpam Field Mouse 196
Tlalpam Harvest Mouse 271
Tlalpam Shrew 560
Todos Santos Harvest Mouse 269
Todos Santos Island Mouse 181
Todos Santos Island Wood Rat. . . 284
Todos Santos Mouse 211
Toltec Cotton Rat 226
Toluca Squirrel 107
Tome's Long-eared Bat 650
Tonala Cotton Rat 229
Tonila Rice Rat 242
Toothed Cetacea 43
PAGE.
Torrid Spiny Mouse 376
Totontepec Field Mouse 208
Tough-skinned Pocket Gopher. ... 319
Townsend's Big-eared Bat 604
Trader Spermophile 143
Tree Porcupine, Mexican 401
Tree Porcupine, Rothschild's 401
Tree Porcupine, Yucatan 402
Tree Porcupines 399
Tree Rats 382
Tree-shrews 547
Tree Squirrels 90, 92, 93, 133
Tres Marias Bat 602,671
Tres Marias Islands Bat 673
Tropical Mole Mouse 167, 168
Tropical Pocket Gopher 326
Tropical Wood Rat 288
Tropical Shrew 559
Tropical Weasel 531
Troublesome Mouse 193
Troublesome Pocket Gopher 337
True's Bat 581
True's Deer 73
True's Squirrel 123
True's Swamp Hare 415
Tucubaya Free- tailed Bat 627
Tulomuco 524
Tuliusia 326, 372
Tumbala Rat 218
Tumbala Rice Rat 239
Tunkas Brocket 80
Tunkas Rat 221
Tuxtla Rat 219
Two-toothed Whale 47
Two-toothed Whales 47
Underwood's Bat 675
Ungulates 60, 61
Uruapan Spiny Mouse 378
Vacca de Agua 37
Valparaiso Harvest Mouse 260
Vampire Bat, Large-eared 662
Vampire Bat, Mexican 663
Vampire Bat, Peter's 656
Vampire Bat, Rufous 719
Vampire Bats 639
Vampires 639
Variegated Squirrel 129
Venado 70
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
849
PAGE.
Vera Cruz Hare 420
Vera Cruz Spiny Mouse 379
Vesper Rat, Boquete 216
Vesper Rat, Faded 216
Vesper Rat, Sumichrast's 216
Vesper Rats 214
Villous Howler 726
Volcan de Chiriqui Cotton Rat ... 231
Volcan Toluca Harvest Mouse .... 266
Volcano of Irazu Mouse 274
Volcano of Irazii Shrew 559
Vole, Coues' Meadow 303
Vole, Dark Meadow 302
Vole, Fulvous-bellied Meadow .... 301
Vole, Guatemalan Meadow 306
Vole, Mexican Meadow 301
Vole, Mount Zempoaltepec Meadow 305
Vole, Reddish Meadow 302
Voles 162, 298
Walrus 36,441,538.541
Wandering Bermuda Bat 584
Wandering Jack Rabbit 434
Wandering Pocket Gopher 337
Wandering Rice Rat 243
Wandering Shrew 560
Wapiti 67
\Varree 66
Warring Shrew 561
Washington Hare 410
Waterhouse's Large-eared Bat. ... 652
Water Opossum 3
Watling's Island Bat 637
Watson's Bat 696
Watson's Rat 219
Weasel 528. 529
Weasel, Allied 534
Weasel, Arctic 528
Weasel, Bridled 532
Weasel, Goldman's Bridled 533
Weasel, Michoacan Bridled 533
Weasel, Rio Grande Bridled 533
Weasel, Teapa 531
Weasel, Tropical 531
Weasels 502, 528, 529
Western Bat 582
Western Desert Cotton Rat 227
Western Desert Rabbit 437
Western Porcupine 397, 399
West Indian Seal 542, 543
Whale, Arctic Right 39
PAGE.
Whale, Baleen 40
Whale, Cachalot 45
Whale, Ca'ing 47
Whale, Common Killer 51
Whale, Cope's 43
Whale, Davidson's 42
Whale, Fighting 41
Whale, Gray 40
Whale, Greenland 43
Whale, Hump-backed 41
Whale, Killer 50
Whale, Large-toothed Killer 51
Whale, Pigmy Sperm 46
Whale, Pilot or Ca'ing 53
Whale, Sperm 43, 44, 45
Whale, Two-toothed 47
Whale, Whalebone 43, 49
Whale, Yellow-bellied 38, 43
Whalebone Whale 43, 49
Whalebone Whales 38, 43, 49
Whales 38
Whales, Baleen 38, 39
Whales, Finback 42
Whales, Killer 40, 47, 50, 51, 538
Whales, Sperm 38, 43, 44
Whales, Two- toothed 47
Whales, Whalebone 38, 43
White-backed Skunk 515
White-backed Skunks 512
White-banded Hutia 394
White Bat 615
White Bat, Escazu 615
White-bellied Rice Rat 236
White-eared Cotton Rat 230
White-footed Field Mouse, Sonora. 182
White-footed Mouse 169
White-footed Mouse, Desert 188
WThite-footed Mouse, Related 184
White-footed Mouse, Rio Grande . 188
White-footed Raccoon-fox 486
White Honduras Bat 710
White-lipped Harvest Mouse 269
White-lipped Peccary 65, 66
White-nosed Pocket Gopher 322
White-spot Deer Mouse 178
White-spotted Skunk . . . .515, 522, 5 23
White-striped Bat 610, 702
White-striped Bat, Heller's 703
White-striped Bat, Peters' 704
White-tailed Deer 68
White-tailed Deer, Sinaloa 78
850
GENERAL INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.
PAGE.
White-tailed Mouse 201
White- tailed Spermophile 142
White-throated Brown Bat 590
White- throated Capuchin 736, 737
White- throated Wood Rat 285
White- toothed Wood Rat 281
Wild Cat 458
Wild Dogs 464
Wolf, Mexican Timber 470, 471
Wolves, Timber 464
Wolves 463 , 464
Woodchucks 90
Wood Hare, Bachman's 429
Wood Rat 275
Wood Rat, Active 282
Wood Rat, Allen's 297
Wood Rat, Alston's 294
Wood Rat, Black-tailed 284
Wood Rat, Cerros Island 280
Wood Rat, Cheating 295
Wood Rat, Collared 279
Wood Rat, Collector 280
Wood Rat, Durango 285
Wood Rat, Dusky-footed 279
Wood Rat, Fulvous-.bellied 289
Wood Rat, Gray-faced 297
Wood Rat, Isthmian 287
Wood Rat, Juquila 288
Wood Rat, Large-eared 279
Wood Rat, Lower California 283
Wood Rat, Mexican 282
Wood Rat, Mountain 294
Wood Rat, Mount Tancitaro 290
Wood Rat, Narrow-headed 285
Wood Rat, Nelson's 292
Wood Rat, Orizaba 286
Wood Rat, Painted 287
Wood Rat, Perote 293
Wood Rat, Querendaro 282
Wood Rat, Rhoads' 284
Wood Rat, Rusty 280
PAGE.
Wood Rat, Sinaloa 283
Wood Rat, Slender-tailed 286
Wood Rat, Small-footed 281
Wood Rat, Texolo 278
Wood Rat, Todos Santos Island. . . 284
Wood Rat, Tropical 288
Wood Rat, White-throated 285
Wood Rat, White- toothed 281
Wood Rat, Zacatecas 290
Wood Rats 275, 276
Wood Rats, Naked-tailed 277
Woolly Opossum, Pale 10
Wrinkled-face Bat 718
Xometla Mouse 184
Yaki Mole Mouse 742
Yapock 3
Yellow-bellied Whale 38, 43
Yohaltun Mouse 177
Ypanema Nose-leaf Bat 713
Yucatan Brown Bat 590
Yucatan Coati 498
Yucatan Deer 74
Yucatan Eyra 453
Yucatan Free-tailed Bat 626
Yucatan Hare 419
Yucatan Mouse 194
Yucatan Opossum 14
Yucatan Peccary 63
Yucatan Squirrel 125
Yucatan Tree Porcupine 402
Yuma Bat, Dark 577
Zacatecas Pocket Mouse 361
Zacatecas Wood Rat 290
Zamora Mouse 202
Zarro de Agua 3
Zorillo 510,512
Zorro 477
Zygomata Pocket Gophers 330
M,i«^v
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA
590. 5FI C001
FIELDIANA, ZOOLOGY$CHGO 4:21904
30112009379717
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