LARVA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. BY THE REV. J. SEYMOUR ST. JOHN, B.A. (^loA^. s-;^, WILLIAM WLSLEY & SON, 28, ESSEX STREET, STRAND, LONDON. f-UBLISHERS AND BOOKSELLERS. .S/)f'c7V7///('.-— Works on Natural History and Science. Agents for The Smithsonian Institution. THE FOLLOWING RECENTLY-rUBfTSHED Natural History & Scientific Book Circulars INCrUDE A PORTION OF THEIR STOCK: — No. 95.— Geology and Mineralogy ; including the first part of the Library of ihe late W. H. BaILY, of the Geological Survey of Ireland. z^oo\VnTU. Price 6./. No. 96. -Palaeontology ; including the second prrt of the Librarv of the late VV. H. HAl 1,V. Palaeontologist to the Ueulogical Survey of Ireland. About looo Wi.rks. Prire ^ri. No. 97.— Ichthyology ; Reptilia and Amphibia ; General Zoology, Dar- winism, Aiiat'imy, Pliysiology, and Embryology Price 41/. 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" 'the information just published by Mr. Gurney and Col. Russell will be welcomed by all who desire to undei stand the merits of the question, and to arrive at a right conclusion." — Prom " Tlie Fieia," Just Publi-hed, Parts i and 2, with 6 Coloured Plates, 4to, 5^. each. Post Free. NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS By H. NEHRLIN'G. To be completed in 12 Parts, containing 36 Coloured Plates after Water-colour Drawings by Prof. Robert Ridgway, of the United States National Museum, A. Goering, and Gustav Muetzel. W. WESLEY & SON, 28, Essex Street, Strand, London. THE PRACTICAL CABINET MAKER. A PRICE LIST OF CABINETS AND APPARATUS OF EVERY DESCKIPTION FOR THE USE OF entomologists, ornithologists, botanists, dc. Birds' Eggs and Skins, Britisb ant) f oreion JSutterflies an& /IDotbs. Apparatus and Cabinets of every description of the best make for Entimo- logy and general Natural Hi-tory. Ring Net (Wire or Cane) and Slick, 1/8, 2/-, a/-?. 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Factimis — J4, Ridiui^hoiisc St., and O^ie Sf., IK LARVA COLLECTING BREEDING: A HANDBOOK TO THE LARV.E OF THE BRITISH MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA AND THEIR FOOD PLANTS; BOTH IN NATURE AND IN CONFINEMENT, WITH AUTHORITIES. BY THE REV. J. SEYMOUR ST. JOHN, B.A. LONDON WILLIAM WESLEY AND SON, 28, ESSEX STREET, STRAND. AND TO BE HAD OF THE AUTHOR, ^3, CASTI.KWOOD ROAD, STAMFORD HILL, N. HAYMAir, CHEISir AND LILLY, LTD., PRINTEKS, IITON WOKKS, 113, FAHEl.VGDON ROAD, AND 20. 22, ST. BRIDE ST., E.C. fa'-, 30 MY ^1358 r PREFACE, TN 'introducing 'this book to the entomological world, my •'■ object is to render some help to those who make Lepi- doptera — especially in their second or larval stage — their pleasant and interesting study ; and also to place in a clear and concise form, easy for reference, such information con- cerning the food-plants of the larvse of our British Macro- lepidoptera, as I have been able to gather from various published works, competent friends, and my own personal expe- rience. The compilation of this work is no claim to great personal knowledge and very wide experience of the habits and food- plants of the larvse in question, but has been rather attained by patient care, considerable labour, and the kind assistance of a few entomologists. I do not profess to have given all the food-plants upon which the larvae have been recorded or are said to feed ; for (i.) the natural food-plants of certain very rare or local larvae are as yet either unknown or still remain a secret to the few ; (ii.) some plants or trees have been recorded as the "pabulum in natura" of certain larvae found upon them at rest or " nibbling" at them through lack of their proper food ; while (iii.) in the case of polyphagous or semi- polyphagous larvae, two or three food-plants are deemed suffi- cient to name, with a note of their being general feeders, in order not to add unnecessarily to the bulk of the book. The book, being intended primarily as a book of reference, is published in a form most convenient for carrying about on collecting expeditions. The larvae in the first portion of the book are arranged and named according to " The Entomologist Synonymic List of Brit- ish Lepidoptera," with one or two recently-discovered species in- serted ; the names (generic and specific) given in brackets are those of the " Doubleday List " nomenclature. The arrangement and nomenclature of the Food-plants in the second portion of the book are according to "The London iv PREFACE. Catalogue of British Plants " (8th ed.). The numbers placed after the names of the plants, etc., are taken from the same Catalogue, and are (as explained in it) intended for a census, i.e , " a scale of rarity or frequency in relation to Britain as a whole. They express the number of counties in which each species has been reputed to occur, as set forth in the 2nd edition of Topographical Botany. By sub-dividing the larger counties into two or more vice-counties " their number amounts to 112. So that, for example, the number "96" placed after " Malva sylvestris. — Mallow," means that that plant grows in 96 out of the 112 districts into which Britain is divided. References have been made with regard to a few species, especially some of the rarer larvce, and those of "occasional visitors " to Britain (marked with an asterisk), to W. F. Kirby's " European Butterflies and Moths," Kaltenbach's " Pflanzen- feinde," and to Owen S. Wilson's " Larvae of the British Lepi- doptera and their Food-plants." A few blank pages are added to the book for private notes and memoranda. The following abbreviations are used : — Buckl. — Larvae of British Butterflies and Moths. — Buckler and Stainton. Newm. — Natural History of British Butterflies and Moths. — E. Newman. Sta.— Manual of British Butterflies and Moths.— H. T. Stainton. Ent. — " The Entomologist." Ent. Mag. — "The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine." In conclusion, I tender, first of all, my warmest and most grateful thanks to my friend, Mr. F. J. Hanbury, for his un- varying kindness and valuable assistance in many ways, especi- ally as regards the botanical matter ; and secondly, my sincere thanks for information so readily afforded me, to Mrs. Hutchin- son and Messrs. E. A. Atmore, W. H. Harwood, W. R. Jeffrey, W. Machin, F. Norgate, Richard South, and Sydney Webb. J. SEYMOUR ST. JOHN. 42, Castlewood Road, Stamford Hill, N. March, 1 890. LARVA COLLECTING AND: BREEDING. LARV.^ AND FOOD-PLANTS. RHOPALOCERA. Papilio machaon. Peucedanmn palustre—WxW. Parsley. Heracleum Sphondylium — Cow-parsnep. Angelica sylvestris — ^Wild Angelica. In confinement on carrot-leaves and rue. Aporia crataegi. Pruntis — Plum. Pyrus Mains — Apple. ,; communis — Pear. Cratcegus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn, Pieris brassicae. Tropcvolnm majiis. Brassica Napus — Rape. Also on various cultivated cabbage. Pieris rapse. Nasturtium officinale — Water-cress. Sisymbrium officinale — Hedge Mustard, Brassica Napus — Rape. „ Sinapis — Wild Mustard. Reseda lutea—Vf\\d Mignonette. Tropceoliim niajus. „ canariense. Also on cabbage, mignonette and horse-radish. 2 ZA/?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Pieris napi. Nasturtium officinale — Water-cress. Barbarea vulgaris — Winter Cress. „ prcecox — Early Winter Cress. Cardamine pratensis — Cuckoo-flower. Sisymbrium A lliaria — J ack-by-the-hedge. Brassica Napus — Rape. Cakile tjiaritima — Sea Rocket. Also on horse-radish and mignonette. Pieris daplidice. Reseda Luteola — Dyer's Rocket. „ lutea — Wild Mignonette. In confinement on Reseda odorata. Euchloe (Anthocharis) cardamines. Nasturtium officiyiale — Water-cress. Barbarea vulgaris — Winter Cress. On the seeds, Arabis perfoliata — YLock. Cress. Cardamine pratensis — Cuckoo-flower. „ impatietis — Narrow-leaved Bitter Cress. Hesperis matronalis — Dame's Violet. Sisymbrium officinale — Hedge Mustard. „ A lliaria — J ack-by-the-hedge, Brassica Sinapis — Wild Mustard. Also on the flower-stems of horse-radish. Leucophasia sinapis. Lotus corniculatus — Bird's-foot Trefoil. ,, pilosus — Greater Bird's-foot Trefoil. Vicia Cracca — Tufted Vetch. Lathyrus (Orobus^ tuberosus — Tuberous Bitter Vetch. „ „ sylvestris — Everlasting Pea. Colias hyale. Medicago sativa — Lucerne. ,, lupulina — Black Medick. Trifolium pratense — Purple Clover. „ repens — Dutch Clover. Lotus corniculatus — Bird's-foot Trefoil. Also on other leguminous plants. Colias edusa. Trifolium pratense — Purple Clover. „ repens — Dutch Clover. Lotus corniculatus — Bird's-foot Trefoil. Also on other leguminous plants. Gonopteryx rhamni. Rhamnus Catharticus — Buckthorn. „ Frangula— AMtr Buckthorn. J lARV.^ AXD FOOD.PLANTS. 3 Argynnis selene. Viola canina — Dog Violet. Argynnis euphrosyne. Viola canina— V)og Violet. Primula at'rtK&— Primrose. In confinement, after hyber- nation. Argynnis latona. Viola odotata — Sweet Violet. „ canina — Dog Violet. „ tricolor — Heartsease. Argynnis aglaia. Viola canina — Dog Violet. Argynnis adippe. Viola canina — Dog Violet. „ /;-/(-o/or— Heartsease. Argynnis paphia. Viola odorata — Sweet Violet. „ canina — Dog Violet. * Argynnis dia. Viola canina — Dog Violet. „ tricolor — Heartsease, * Argynnis niobe. V.ola canina — Dog Violet. „ tricolor — Heartsease. Melitaea aurinia (artemis). Lonicera Periclymenum — Honeysuckle. Scahiosa iuccisa — Devil's-bit Scabious. Plantago — Plantain. Melitaea cinxia. Plantago fnariiima — Sea Plantain, „ Coronopiis — Buck's-horn Plantain. Also on species of Hieracium and Veronica. Melitaea athalia. Digitalis purpurea — Foxglove. Vnronica Chamcedrys — Germander Speedwell. Melampyrum pratense — Cow-wheat. „ sylvaticum — Wood Cow-wheat, Teucrium Scorodonia — Wood Sage. Plantago major — Greater Plantain. „ lanceolata — Narrow-leaved Plantain. * Melitaea didyma. Plantago — Plantain. 4 ZAJ?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Vanessa c-album. Rihes rubrum — Red Currant. Ulmns campestris — Elm. Humulus Lrtpidus — Hop. Urtica dioica — Stinging Nettle. Vanessa polychloros. Prumis Avium — Wild Cherry. Pyrus Aria — White-Beam. ,, communis — Pear. Uimus montana — Wych Elm. „ campestris — Elm. Sdix (z//5fl— White Willow. ., viminalis — Osier. ,, Caprea — (Sallow). Populus tremula — Aspen. Vanessa urticae. Urtica dioica — Stinging Nettle. „ tirens — Small Nettle. Vanessa io. Urtica dioica — Stinging Nettle. Vanessa antiopa. Urtica dioica — Stinging Nettle. Betida all)a — Birch. Salix a/^«— White Willow. Vanessa atalanta. Urtica dioica — Stinging Nettle. Parietaria officinalis — Pellitory-of-the-wall. Vanessa cardui. Filago germanica — Common Cud-weed. Cardials tiufans — Musk Thistle. „ crispus — Welted Thistle. Cnicus lanceolatus — Spear Thistle. „ arvensis — Field Thistle. Onopordon Acanthium — Scotch Thistle. Echium vulgare — Viper's Bugloss. Malva sylvestris — Mallow. Arctium minus [Lappa) — Burdock. * Vanessa virginiensis. (Food-plant unknown ; abroad on Gnaphahum ohtusifO' hum.') * Danais erippus. (Food-plant unknown ; in America on Asclepias.) Limenitis sibylla. Lonicera Periclytnemim — Honeysuckle. IAI?V^ AND FOOD-PLANTS. Apatura iris. Sahx Caprea — (Sallow). Populus—?o^\^x. Melanargia galatea. Phleiim pratense — Timothy Grass. Dactyhs glomerata — Cock's-foot Grass. Also on other grasses. Erebia epiphron (cassiope). Juncus — Rush. AiraprcEcox — Early Hair Grass. Deschampsia (A ira) flexiiosa. Poa annua — Annual Meadow-grass. Festuca ovina — Sheep's Fescue-grass. Nardus strida — Mat-grass. Erebia aethiops (medea). Agrostis canma. Airaprcecox — Early Hair Grass. Deschampsia (A ira) ccespitosa — Tussock Grass. Poa annua — Annual Meadow-grass. „ pratensis. * Erebia ligea. (Food-plant at present unknown.) Pararge egeria. Dactyhs glomerata — Cock's-foot Grass. Agropyron (Triticum) repens — Couch Grass. Pararge megsera. Dactylis glomerata — Cock's-foot Grass. Also on other grasses. Satyrus semele. Aira prcecox — Early Hair Grass. Deschampsia (Aira) ccespitosa — Tussock Grass. Agropyron (Triticum) repens — Couch Grass. A tnmophila arundinacea — Marram. Epinephele ianira (janira). Poa pratensis. Also on other grasses. Epinephele tithonus. Dactylis glomerata — Cock's-foot Grass. Poa annua — Annual Meadow-grass. Agropyron (Triticum') repem — Couch Grass. Also on various grassej. 6 ZAJ^VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Epinephele hyperanthes. Milium effusum — Millet. Deschampsia QAini) civipiiosa — Tussock Grass. Poa annua — Annual Meadow-grass. Agropyron [Triticum) repens — Couch Grass. Ccenonympha (Chortobius) typhon (davus). Rynchospora alba — White Beak-rush. Ccenonympha (Chortobius) pamphilus. Cynositrus cr hiatus — Dog's-tail. Poa annua — Annual Meadow-grass. Nardus sti icta — Mat-grass. Also on other grasses. Thecla betulas. Pi'unus spinosa — Blackthorn. Thecla « -album. Ulmus tnontana — Wych Elm. „ campestrii — Elm. Thecla pruni. Prunus JT^/woj'a— Blackthorn. Thecla quercus. Ouercus Rohur — Oak. Salix (.?)- Sallow. Thecla rubi. Genista tinctona — Dyer's Green-weed, Cvtisus {Sarot/iamnus') scofiarius — Broom. Rutins fruticosus — Bramble. Betula (7//;ri— Birch. Polyommatus dispar. Rumex aquatjcus. „ Hydrolapathum — Water Dock. Polyommatus phloeas. Senecio Jacolioea — Ragwort. Rumex pulcher — Fiddle Dock. ,, obtnsifolius — Broad-leaved Dock. „ Acetosa — Sorrel, ,, Acetosella — Sheep Sorrel, * Polyommatus virgaurese. Rumex ohtusifolius — Broad-leaved Dock. ,, Acetosa — Sorrel. Lycasna bsetica. Colutca arhorescens — Bladder Senna. In the pods. Also on other leguminous plants. LARV^ AND FO OD-PLANTS. 7 Lycaena segon. Ortiithopus perpusillus — Bird's-foot. Lycasna astrarche (medon). Heliantliemum Chamcrcistus — Rock Rose, Erodhim cicidarium — Hemlock Stork's-bill. Lycsena icarus (alexis). Otionis spinosa — Rest-harrow. Trifolium pratense — Purple Clover. „ repens — Dutch Clover. Lotus corniculatus — Bird's-foot Trefoil. Ornithopiii perpusillus — Bird's-foot, Lycaena bellargus (adonis). Trifolium repens — Dutch Clover. Hippocrepis comosa — Horse-shoe Vetch. Also on other Leguminosce. Lycaena corydon. Trifolium pratense — Purple Clover. ,, repeats — Dutch Clover. Anthyllis Vulneraria — Lady's Fingers ; Kidney Vetch, Lotus corniculatus — Bird's-loot Trefoil. Htppocrepis comosa — Horse-shoe Vetch. Lycaena argiolus, Rhamnus catharticus — Buckthorn . „ Frangula — Alder Buckthorn. Ilex Aquifolium. — Holly. Hedera Helix — Ivy. Cormts sangimiea — Dog- wood, Lycaena semiargus (acis). Melilotus arvensis — Melilot. Lycaena minima (alsus). Ayithyllis vulneraria — Lady's Fingers; Kidney Vetch. On the flowers. Lycaena arion. Thymus Serpyllum — Thyme. Lycsena argiades. Lotus pilosus — Greater Bird's-foot Trefoil. Also on other Leguminosce. Nemeobius lucina. Primula acaiilis — Primrose. „ veris — Cowslip, 8 ZAJ?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Syrichthus malvae (alveolus). Rubus fridicostts — Bramble. „ Idmts — Rasfiberry. Potentilla Fragariasirum — Strawberry-leaved Cinquefoil. Nisioniades tages. Lotus conikulattis — Bird's-foot Trefoil. Hesperia thaumas (linea). Hokiis lanattis — Meadow Soft-grass . Brachypodiiim sylvaticum. Hesperia lineola. On grasses ; probably Hokus lanatus. Hesperia actseon. Calamagrostis epigeios. Brachypodiiim syhatkum. Agropyron {Tritkum) repens — Couch Grass. „ „ junceiim — ? „ „ pungens — In confinement. Hesperia sylvanus. Luzula venialis { pilosa) — Broad-leaved Wood-rush. Hokus lanatus — Meadow Soft-grass. Dadylis glomerata — Cock's-foot Grass. Agropyron (^Tritkum) repens. — Couch Grass. Hesperia comma. Lotus cornkulatus — Bird's-foot Trefoil. Ornitliopus perpusillus — Bird's-foot. Also on other leguminous plants. Carterocephalus palaemon (paniscus) Plantago major — Greater Plantain. HETEROCERA. Acherontia atropos. Solanum Dukainara — Woody Nightshade. Lycium barbaruin — Tea-tree. Atropa Belladonna — Deadly Nightshade. Also on potatoe. Sphinx convolvuli. Impatiens Noli-tangere. — Do-not-touch-me. Calystegia stpiuni — Great Bindweed. Convolvulus arvensis — Field Bindweed. In confinement on lettuce. LARV^ AND FOOD-PLANTS. Sphinx ligustri. Ilex Aquifolium — Holly. Fraxin us excelsior — Ash. Ligustnim vulgare — Pri^'et. Syringa vulgaris — Lilac. Also on laurestinus. Sphinx pinastri. Finns — Fir. Deilephila euphorbiae. Euphorbia Cyparissias — Cypress Spurge. „ Far alias — Sea Spurge. „ Fortlandica — Portland Spurge. „ Feplus — Petty Spurge, in confinement. Deilephila galii. Rubia pereorina — Madder. Galium veriim — Lady's Bedstraw. „ Mollugo — Hedge Bedstraw. In confinement on fuchsia. Deilephila livornica. Galium verum — Lady's Bedstraw. Folygonuin aviculare — Knot-grass. In confinement. RuDux — Dock. In confinement on this and fuchsia. Vitis vinifera — Vine. Chaerocampa celerio. Epilobium hirsutum — Great Hairy Willow herb, Daucus Carota — AVild CaiTot. Galium Mollugo — Hedge Bedstraw. Vitis vinifera — Vine. Chaerocampa porcellus. Galium verum — Lady's Bedstraw. ,, Mollugo — Hedge Bedstraw. ,, palustre — Water Bedstraw. Epilobium hirsutum — Great Hairy Willow-herb. ,, angustifolium. Lythrum Sahcaria — Purple Loose-strife. Vitis vinifera — \'ine. Chaerocampa elpenor. Fyrus Mains — Apple. Epilobium hirsutum — Great Hairy Willow-herb. Lythrum Salicaria — Purple Loose-strife. Circcsa lutetiana — Enchanter's Night-shade. Galium verum — Lady's Bedstraw. „ Mollugo — Hedge Bedstraw. In confinement. „ palustre — Water Bedstraw. Vitis vinifera — Vine. In confinement. In confinement on fuchsia. 10 ZA7?l'A COLLECTING AND BREEDING. * Chaerocampa nerii. Vitis vinifera — Vine. Nerium Oleander — Oleander. Vinca major — Greater Periwinkle. Smerinthus ocellatus. Prunits 5//;/oi'(;— Blackthorn. Pyrus Mains — Apple. Salix rt/3a— White Willow. ,, cinerea — (Sallow). „ Caprea — (Sallow). Populus alba — White Poplar. „ 7iigra — Black Poplar. „ trcmula — Aspen. Smerinthus populi. Salix cinerea — (Sallow). „ Caprea — (Sallow. Populus — Po pi ar. „ nigra (^pyramidalis) — Lombardy Poplar, „ tremiila — Aspen. Smerinthus tiliae. Tilia vulgaris — Lime. Ulmiis campestris — Elm. Corylus Avellana — Hazel. Macroglossa stellatarum. Rubia peregrina — ^Madder. Galium verum — -Lady's Bedstraw. „ Mollugo — Hedge Bedstraw. „ Aparine — Goose Grass. Macroglossa fuciformis. Lychnis alba — Evening, Campion. „ diurna — Red ' 'ampion. „ Flos-cuculi—^:s.gge.A Robin. Lonicera Periclymeniim — Honeysuckle. Galium verum — Lady's Bedstraw. Scdbiosa arvensis — Field Scabious. Macroglossa bombyliformis. Scabiosa succisa — Devil's-bit Scabious. „ arvensis — Field Scabious. Trochilium apiformis. Populus — Poplar. In the stems and wood. „ jiigra — Black Poplar. In the bark and wood, „ iremula — Aspen. In the wood. LARV.^ AND FOOD-PLANTS. ir Trochilium crabroniformis (bembeciformis). Siilix triandra — Three-stamened Willow. (?) In the wood. ,, viminalis — Osier. In the wood. „ cinerea — (Sallow). In the wood. „ Caprea — (Sallow). In the wood. Popuhis nigra Qpyramidalis) — Lombardy Poplar. In the bark and wood. „ nigra — Black Poplar. In the bark and wood. Sciopteron tabaniformis (asiliformis). Fraxinus excelsior — Ash. In the roots. Popiilus nigra — Black Poplar. In the bark and wood. „ tremula — Aspen. In the wood. Sesia scoliiformis. Bdula rt/4(7— Birch. In the bark. Sesia sphegiformis. Alnus gliitinosa — -Alder. In the stems and suckers. Sesia andreniformis. Cornus sanguinea — Dog-wood, Ligustruin vulgare — Privet. On the flowers, Sesia tipuliformis. Ribes rubriim — Red CurranL. In the shoots. ;, nigrum — Black Currant. In the shoots. Sesia asiliformis (cynipiformis). Ulinus campestris — Elm. In the bark. Qiiercus Rolnir — Oak. In the bark. Sesia Myopiformis. Pyrits communis — Pear. In the wood. „ Mains — Apple. In the bark and wood. Sesia culiciformis. Behda «//-«— Birch. In the bark. Alnus glittinosa — Alder. In the bark and wood. Sesia formiciformis. Salix triandra — Three-stamened Willow, In the wood. „ viminalis — Osier. In the wood. Sesia Ichneumoniformis. Helleborusfcetidus — Stinking Hellebore, In the stems. Lotus corniculatus — Bird's-foot Trefoil. In the roots, Centaurea nigra — Knapweed. In the stems. Sesia musciformis (philanthiformis). A rmeria maritiina — Thrift. Sesia chrysidiformis. Rumcx — Dock. On the roots. „ Acetosa — Sorrel. On the roots. „ Acetosella — Sheep Sorrel. On the roots. 12 ZAJ?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Ino globularias. Poterium Sanguisorha — Common Salad Burnet. Centaurea nigra — Knapweed. Ino statices. Rutnex Acetosa — Sorrel. „ Acetosella — Sheep Sorrel. Ino geryon. Helianthtnutm C/iamcrcistiis — Rock Rose. Runiex Acetosa — Sorrel (?). „ Acetosella — Sheep Sorrel. Zygaena pilosellae (minos). Trifolium ochrokiicon. Lotus corniculatus — Bird's-foot Trefoil. Pimpinella Saxifraga — Common Burnet Saxifrage. Thymus Serpyllutn — Thyme. Hippocrepis comosa — Horse-shoe Vetch. Zygaena exulans. Si7e)ie acaulis — Moss Campion. Arenaria (^Cherlei-ia') sedoides — Mossy Cyphel. Medicago mpulina — Black Medick. In confinement. Trifolmm pratense — Purple Clover. In confinement. „ repens — Dutch Clover. In confinement. Lotus corniculatus — Birds-foot Trefoil. In confinement. Potentilla {Sibbaldia') procumbens — Scotch Cinquefoil. Alchemilla alpma — Alpine Lady's Mantle. Rumex Acetosa — Sorrel. In confinement. Zygaena meliloti. Trifolium procumbens — Hop Trefoil, Lotus corniculatus — Bird's-foot Trefoil, Zygaena trifoHi, Trifolium procutnbens — Hop Trefoil. Lotus corniculatus — Bird's-foot Trefoil, Hippocrepis comosa — Horse-shoe Vetch, Zygaena lonicerae. Trifolimn pratense — Purple Clover, „ repens — Dutch Clover. Lotus corniculatus — Bird's-foot Trefoil. Latliyrus (jOrobus') pratensis — Meadow Vetchling. Hippocrepis comosa — Horse-shoe Vetch, Zygaena filipendulae. Trifolium pratense — Purple Closer. „ repens — Dutch Clover, Lotus corniculatus — Bird's-foot Trefoil. Onobrychis vicicsfolm (jativci) — Saint-foin, Valeriana officinalis — Great Wild Valerian. LARV^ A .VD FOOD-PLA NTS. 1 3 * Syntomis phegea. Scabiosa siiccisa — Devil's-bit Scabious. Taraxacum officinale — Dandelion. Plantago lanceolata — Narrow-leaved Plantain. Rtimex Acetosa — Sorrel. * Nacilia ancilla. Lichen. On trees. Sarothripus undulanus (revayana). Salix cinerea — (Sallow). „ Caprea — (Sallow). Earias chlorana. Salix triandra — Three-stamened Willow (?). In the shoots. „ viminalis — Osier (?). In the shoots. ,, alba — White Willow. In the shoots. Hylophila (Halias) prasinana. Querctis Robur — Oak. Coiylus Avellana — Hazel. Fagus sylvatica — Beech. Betula alba — Birch. Alnus glutinosa — Alder. Hylophila (Halias) bicolorana (quercana). Quercus Robiir — Oak. Nola cucullatella. Pninus spinosa — Blackthorn. /";-««;«— Plum. Cratasgics Oxyacantha — Whitethorn . Nola strigula. Quercus Robtir — Oak. Lichen caninus. On oaks, Nola confusalis (cristulalis). Quercus Robur — Oak. Fagus sylvatica — Beech. Nola albulalis. Ruhus ccesius — Dewberry. Nola centonalis. Medicago lupulina — Black Medick. Trifolium pratense — Purple Clover. On the flowers. „ dubiunt — On the flowers. „ repens — Dutch Clover. On the flowers. „ procumbens — Hop Trefoil. Its proper food. „ filiforme. Lotus corniculatus — Bird's-foot Trefoil. Potentilla A nserina — Silver-weed. 14 LAJ?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Nudaria senex. Lichen. Lichen catimus. In confinement on this and decayed sallow or bramble leaves. Nudaria mundana. Lichen. On trees and walls. Setina irrorella. Lichen. On stones on the sea-coast above high-water. Calligenia miniata. Lichen. On oaks, beech and birch. Lichen caninus. On oaks. In confinement on withered oak or sallow leaves, Lithosia mesomella. Lichen. On oaks. In confinement on green or withering sallow leaves, Lithosia muscerda. Lichen. Probably on sallows in wet pla es. In confinement on Lichen caninus and decayed sallow or bramble leaves. Lithosia sororcula (aureola). Lichen. On oaks, beeches, larch, fir and pine. Lithosia lutarella (pygmasola). Lichen. Lithosia griseola. Lichen. „ caninus. Trifolium repens — Dutch Clover. ,, pratense — Purple Clover. Polygonum aviculare — Knot-grass. In confinement. In confinement on mosses and withered sallow leaves. Lithosia griseola v. stramineola. Lichen. Lichen caninus. Lithosia deplana. Lichen. On oaks, beech and yew. Lithosia lurideola (complanula). Clematis vitalba — Traveller's Joy. Lichen (?). On oaks, blackthorn, poplars, larch and walls. Rhamnus catharticus — Buckthorn. Rhamnus Frangula — Alder Buckthorn. Cornus sanguinea — Dog-wood. Quercus Robur — Oak. LARV^ AND FOOD.PLANTS. i; Lithosia complana. Lichen. On blackthorn and fir. Lithosia sericea (molybdeola). Lichen. Probably on heath or stones underneath. In con- finement on chickweed, dandelion, lettuce, and withered oak or sallow leaves, Lithosia caniola. Trifoliuni pratense — Purple Clover. Trifoliian repens — Dutch Clover. Lotus corniculatiis — 'Bird's-foot Trefoil. Also on other Legnminosce . Gnophria quadra. Lichen— On trees. Lichen caninus — On oaks. Gnophria rubricollis. Lichen — On beech and other trees. Emydia cribrum. Calluna Erica — Ling ; Heather. Emydia striata, (grammica.) Artemisia vulgaris — Mugwort. On the seeds. Calluna Erica — Ling : Heather. Festuca ovina — Sheep's Fescue-grass. Deiopeia pulchella. Myosotis paliistris — Forget-me-not. In confinement. „ arvtnsis — Field Forget-me-not. Borago oJ/icina/is—Borzge. In confinement. Euchelia jacobaeae. Senecio vulgaris — Groundsel. „ Jacobcea — Ragwort. Callimorpha dominula. Spiroea Ulmaria — Meadow-sweet. Cynoglossum officinale — Hound's-tongue. Salix repens — Dwarf Sallow. Also on various low plants. Callimorpha hera. Cynoglossum officinale — Hound's-tongue. Lamium album — White Dead-nettle. Plantago — Plantain. Taraxacum officinale — Dandelion. Also on other low plants. i6 ZAJ?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Nemeophila russula. Hieracium Pilosella — Mouse-ear Hawk-weed. Taraxacum officinale — Dandelion. Erica cinerea — Common Purple Heath. Plantago — Plantain. In confinement on lettuce. Also on other low plants. Nemeophila plantaginis. Viola odorata — Sweet Violet. ,, canina — Dog Violet. „ tricolor — Heartsease. Senecio vulgaris — Groundsel. Plantago — Plantain. Also on numerous low plants. Arctia caja. Tilia vulgaris — Lime, Pyrus Malus — Apple. Lamiiim pnrpureum — Purple Dead-nettle. „ album — White Dead-nettle. Symphytum officinale — Comfrey. Arctia villica. Stellaria media — Chickweed. In confinement on lettuce. Also on numerous low plants. Spilosoma fuliginosa. Plantago — Plantain. Listera ovata — Twayblade. Spilosoma mendica. Stellaria media — Chickweed. Plantago — P lantai n. Rumex — Dock. Urtica dioica — Stinging Nettle. Betula «/(5,z— Birch. Also on various low plants. Spilosoma lubricepeda. CratcEgus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. Rumex — Dock. Also on very many low plants. Spilosoma menthastri. Rumex — Dock. Urtica dioica — Stinging Nettle. Also on very many low plants. Spilosoma urticae. Epilohium hirsutum — Great Hairy Willow-herb. Pedicularis palustris — Marsh Red Rattle. Mentha kirsuta — Hairy Mint. (?) Iris Pseudacorus — Yellow Iris. LARV^ AND FOOD-PLANTS. 17 Hepialus humuli. Arctium minus (Lappa) — Burdock. On the roots. Taraxacum ci^wwa/i?— Dandelion. On the roots of this and grasses. Scrophularia aquatica — Water Fig-wort. Lamium album — White Dead-nettle. On the roots. Ballota nigra — Black Horehound. On the roots. Rumex — Dock. On the roots. Humulus Liipuhis — Hop. On the roots. Hepialus sylvanus. Rumex — Dock. On the roots. Hepialus velleda. Pterin aqiiilina — Brake ; Bracken. On the rools. Hepialus lupulinus. Lamium pur pur eiim — Purple Dead-nettle. On the roots. „ album — White Dead-nettle. On the roots. Ballota nigra — Black Horehound. On the roots. Hepialus hectus. Taraxacum officinale — Dandelion. On the roots of this and other plants. Pteris aquilina — Brake ; Bracken. On the roots. Cossus ligniperda. Fraxinus excelsior — Ash. In the wood. Quercus Robur — Oak. In the wood. "Salix alba — White Willow. In the wvod. Populus — Poplar. In the wood. Syringa vulgaris — Lilac. In the wood. Zeuzera pyrina (aesculi). Acer Pseudo-platanus — Sycamore. In the wood. Prunus — Plum. In the wood. Pyrus communis — Pear. In the wood. ,, Malus — Apple. In the wood. Cratcegus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. In the wood. Fraxinus excelsior — Ash. In the wood. Ulnius campestris — Elm. In the wood. Betula alba — Birch. In the wood. Almis glutimsa — Alder. In the wood. Populus — Poplar. In the wood. yEsculus hippocastanum — Horse Chestnut, In the wood. Syringa vulgaris — Lilac. In the wood. Macrogaster castaneae (arundinis). Phragmites communis — Reed. In the stems. 1 8 IAJ?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Heterogenea limacodes (testudo). Betiila alha — Birch. Qiiercus Robitr — Oak. Fagus sylvatica — Beech. Heterogenea asella (asellus.) Betula alha — Birch. Qitevcus Rohm—O^V. Fagus sylvatica — Beech. Populiis — Poplar, Porthesia (,Liparis) chrysorrhoea. Pniiuis spinosa — Blackthorn. Crattvgiis Oxyacantha — Whitethorn . Also on standard roses. Porthesia (Liparis) similis (auriflua). Pyrtis Mains — Apple. CratcEgiis Oxyacantha — AVliitethorn. Qiierais Robiir — Oak. Leucoma salicis. Salix «/^a— White Willow. Populiis — Poplar. „ 7iigi'a fJ>yrami(lalis').—'Lomb!Lrdy Poplar. Lselia coenosa. Cladium germanicum — T vv igf-rush. Phragmites communis — Reed. Carex — Sedge. Ocneria dispar. Primus spinosa — Blackthorn. —Plum. Pyrus Mains — Apple. Crataegus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn, *Laria 1-nigrum. Tilia vulgaris — Lime. Qiiercus Robiir — Oak. Fagus sylvatica — Beech. Salix Caprea — (Sallow). Psilura monacha. Pyrus Mains — Apple. Betula alba—V,\\c\\. Qiiercus Robtir — Oak, Piniis — Fir. Dasychira fascelina. Primus — Plum. Corylus Avellana — Hazel. Also on various trees and herbaceous plants. LARV.E AND FOOD-PLANTS. Dasychira pudibunda. Tilia vulgaris — -Lime. Betula alha — Birch. Querais RobHr—O?^. Castanea saliva — Chestnut. Humuliis Lupuhis — Hop. Abo on various trees. Orgyia gonostigma. Priintis spinosa — Blackthorn. Cratcvgiis Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. Corylus Avellana — Hazel. Quercus Robiiv — Oak. Betula alba — Birch. Salix — (Sallow). Orgyia antiqua. Tilia vulgaris— hlme. P^-unus spinosa — Blackthorn. Prunus — Plum. Pyriis communis — Pear. „ Malus — Apple. Cratcegus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. Corylus Avellana — Hazel. Quercus Robur — Oak. Salix cinerea — (Sallow). In confinement. „ Caprea — (Sallow). In confinement. Robinia Pseud-acacia — Acacia. Also on many trees and shrubs. Trichiura cratsegi. Prunus spinosa — Blackthorn. Cratcegus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. Betula alba — Birch. Quercus Robur — Oak. Salix cinerea — (Sallow). „ Caprea — (Sallow). Populus 7iigra — Black Poplar. Pcecilocampa populi. Tilia vulgaris — Lime, Cratcegus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. Fraxinus excelsior — Ash. Betula alba—^xxzh.. Quercus Robur — Oak. I'opulus — Poplar. Eriogaster lanestris. Prunus spinosa — Blackthorn. Cratcegus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. Ulmus campestris — Elm. 26 ZA/?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Bombyx neustria. Prumis — Plum. Pyriis communis — Pear. ,, Malm — Apple. Corylus Avellana — Hazel. Bombyx castrensis. Daiicus Carota — VVild Carrot. Artemisia maiitima — Sea WormwooJ. Pluntago lanccolata — Narrow-leaved Plantain. In confinement on apple, pear, rose, birch, sprinkled with salt-water. Bombyx rubi. Rubus fniticosHs — Bramble. Rosa spinosissima — Burnet Rose. Vaccinittm Myrtilliis — Whortleberry ; Bilberry. Calluna Erica — Ling^; Heather. Erica Tetralix — Cross-leaved Heath. ,, cinerea — Common Purple Heath. Polygonum aviculare — Knot-grass. Bombyx quercus. Cralcegus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. Calluna Erica — Ling ; Heather. Populus nigra — Black Poplar. Bombyx quercus v. callunae. Cratcrgus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. Bombyx trifolii. Cytisus (^Sarot/iamnus) scoparius — Broom. Medicago saliva — Lucerne. Melilotus arvensis — Melilot. Trifolium pratense — Purple Clover. „ repens — Dutch Clover. Odonestis potatoria. Poa annua — Annual Meadow. grass. Also on other grasses. Lasiocampa quercifolia. Rhamnus catharticus — Buckthorn. Prunus spinosa — Blackthorn. Salix alba — White Willow. Lasiocampa ilicifolia. Vacciniutn Myrtillus — Whortleberry ; Bilberry, Salix cinerea — (Sallow). ,, Caprea — (Sallow). Endromis versicolor. Betula alba — Birch. LARV,€ AND FOOD-PLANTS. Saturnia pavonia (carpini). Pninus spinosa — Blackthorn . Spinva Ulmaria — Meadow-sweet. Samhiicus tiigra — Elder. Erica Tetralix — Cross-leaved Heath. „ cinerea — Common Purple Heath. Salix rt/4«— White Willow. Craiivgus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. Rithus fnitkosus — Bramble. Salix — .Sal low. Lythrum Salicaria — Purple Loosestrife. In confinement on walnut. Drepana (Platypteryx) lacertinaria (lacertula). Betula «/(5rt— Birch. Drepana (Platypteryx) harpagula (sicula). Querciis Robur — (Jak. Betula alba — Birch. Tilia vulgaris — Lime. „ cordata (^parvijolia'). Drepana (Platypteryx) falcataria (falcula). Populus treinula — Aspen. Salix alba— \Nh\te Willow. Quercus Robur — Oak. Aliius glutinosa- — Alder. Betula alba~V,\\Q\\. Drepana (Platypteryx) binaria (hamula). Quercus Robur — Oak. Betula alba — Birch. Drepana (Platypteryx) cultraria (unguicula). Pagiis sylvatica — Beech. Cilix glaucata (spinula). Cralccgus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn . Rhamnus spinosa — Blackthorn. Pyrus communis— Pear. Dicranura bicuspis. Betula alba — Birch. A bins glutinosa — Alder. Fagus sylvatica — Beech. Dicranura furcula. Fagus svlvalica. — Beech. Salix rt//;«— White Willow. ,; viminalis—Os\tr. „ cinerea — (Sallow. ,, Crt/;w— (Sallow.) 22 IAJ?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Dicranura bifida. Popidus — Poplar. „ iremula — Aspen. Dicranura vinula. Salix a/(5(7— White Willow. „ cinerea — (Sallow.) „ Caprea — (Sallow.) Populus — Poplar. Popiilus nigra — Black Poplar. Stauropus fagi. Pyrus Mains — Apple. Betula alba — Birch. Querciis Rohur — Oak. Fagus sylvatica — Beec Glyphisia crenata. Populus — Poplar. Populus nigra — Black Poplar. Ptilophora plumigera. Acer campistre — Maple. ,, Pseudo-platanus — Sycamore. Pterostoma (Ptilodontis) palpina. Salix cinerea — (Sallow.) „ Caprea — (Sallow.) Populus — Poplar. Populus tremula — Aspen. Lophopteryx camelina. Acer campestre — Maple. Betula alba — Birch. Alnus glutinosa — Alder. Quercus Robur — Oak. Populus — Poplar. Corylus A vellana — Hazel. Lophopteryx cuculla (cucullina). Acer Pseudo-platanus — Sycamore. ,, campestre — Maple. Lophopteryx carmelita. Betula rt//w— Birch. Notodonta bicolor. Betula alba — Birch. Notodonta dictaea. Sahx fl//.^— White Willow. ,, Caprea — (Sallow.) Populus nigra — Black Poplar. „ tremula — Aspen. LARV.-E AND FOOD-PLANTS, Notodonta dictseoides. A cer Pseudo-platanus — Sycimore. Be tula «//;«— Birch. Salix Caprea — (Sallow.) Notodonta dromedarius. Betula alba — Birch. Alnus ghitinosa — 'Alder, Notodonta trilophus. Betula alba — Birch. Populus — Poplar. ,, /r^w«/iz— Aspen, Notodonta ziczac. Salix «/^«— White Willow, „ cinerea — (Sallow.) „ C«/;-M^(Sallow,) /'(5^«/?^.f^Poplar, Notodonta trepida. Ouerciis Robur — Oak. Notodonta chaonia. Quercus Robur — Oak. Notodonta trimacula (dodonea), Betula alba — Birch. Quercus Robur — Oak, Phalera bucephala. Tilia vulgaris — Lime. Pruniis — Plum. Ulmus campestris — Elm. Coryliis Avellana — Hazel. Quercus Robur — Oak. Abo on other trees, Pygaera (Clostera) curtula. Salix cinerea — (Sallow.) ,, Caprea — )Sallow.) Populus — Poplar. ,, treniula — Aspen, Pygaera (Clostera) anachoreta, Salix Caprea — (Sallow.) Populus nigra — Black Poplar, Pygaera (Clostera) pigra (reclusa). Salix cinerea — (Sallow.) „ Caprea — (Sallow.) Populus tremula — Aspen. 24 lA/iVA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Thyatira derasa. Riibus fruticoiits — •Bramble. Thyatira batis. Riihus fruiicoms — Bramble. Cymatophora octogesima (ocularis). Populiis tremitla — Aspen. Cymatophora or. Populiis tremnla — Aspen. „ nigra — Black Poplar. Cymatophora duplaris. Betida alba—M\xz\\. A Inns glutinosa — Alder. Cymatophora fluctuosa. Betula alba— Birch. Asphalia diluta. Betula ff//;«— Birch. Qiiercus Robur—O-AV. Asphalia flavicornis. Betula alba — Birch. Asphalia ridens. QiurcHs Robur — Oak. Bryophila algae. Lichen. On trees. Bryophila muralis (glandifera.) Lichen. On walls and buildings. Bryophila par (var. of above.) Lichen. On walls and buildings. Bryophila perla. Lichen. On walls. Moma (Diphthera) orion. Betula alba — Birch. Quercus Robur — Oak. Demas coryli. Prunus spitiosa — Blackthorn. Corylus Avellana — I lazel. Quercus Robur — Oak. Acronycta tridens. Prunus spinosa — Blackthorn. Pyrus communis — Pear. Cratccgus Oxyacantha — ^Vhitethorn. Also on various trees, shrubs and plants. LARV.E AND FOOD-PLANTS. Acronycta psi. Tilia vulgaris — Lime. Piiinits spinosa — Blacklhorn. —Plum. P\ nis communis — Pear. ,. Malus — Apple. CraliTgus Oxyacantha — -Whitethorn. Also on various trees, shrubs and plants. Acronycta leporina. Betula alba— ?,uc\i. A Inus glutinosa — Alder. Salix fl/^a— White Willow. „ cinerea — (Sallow.) „ Caprea — (Sallow.) Acronycta aceris. A cer Pseudo-platanus — S3'camore. Quei-acs Robur — Oak. Acronycta megacephala. Populus—?o^^\-xr. Acronycta strigosa. Prunus spinosa — Blackthorn. Cratcegus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn . Acronycta alni. Tilia vulgaris — Lime. Rubus Idceus — Raspberry. Rosa canina — Dog Rose. Cralccgus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. Betula alba — Birch. A huts glutinosa — Alder. Pyrus Malus — Apple. Ubnus montana — Mountain Ash. Corylus Avellana — Hazel. Quercus Robur — Oak. Castanea saliva — Chestnut. Fagus sylvatica — Beech. Salix alba— WhxiQ Willow. „ cinerea (Sallow.) „ Caprea — (Sallow.) Acronycta ligustri. Fraxinus excelsior — Ash. Ligustrum vulgare — Privet. Acronycta rumicis. Fragaria vesca — W'ild Strawberry. Calluna Erica — Ling ; Heather. Also on many low plants. 26 ZAJ?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Acronycta auricoma. Riihus fruticosus — Bramble, Vaccmium Mvrtillus — Whortleberry ; Bilberry. Polygonum aviculare — Knot-grass. Betiila alba — Birch. Quercus Robur — Oak. Also on many other plants. Acronycta menyanthidis. Calluna Erica — Ling ; Heather. Cratcegus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. In confinement. Myrica Gale — Sweet Gale. Salix a/(5a— White Willow. Menyajithes trifoliata — Buck-bean ; Marsh Trefoil. Acronycta euphorbise. Myrica Gale^-Sweet Gale. Salix — (Sallow.) In confinement. Calluna Erica — Ling ; Heather. In confinement. Betula alba — Birch. In confinement. Erica — Heath. In confinement. Diloba caeruleocephala. Prunus—V\Mm. Pyrus communis — Pear. Cratcegus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. Arsilonche albovenosa (venosaj. Carex — Sedge. Phragmites communis — Reed. Glyceria aquatica. Also on various water plants. Synia musculosa. (P'ood-plant at present unknown.) Leucania conigera. Agropyron ( Triticimi) repens — Couch-grass. Also on other grasses. Leucania vitellina. Nardus stricta — Mat-grass (?). Also on other grasses. Leucania turca. Luzula vernalis (j>ilosa~) — Broad-leaved Wood-rush. „ campestns — Field Wood-rush ; Cuckoo-grass, Leucania lithargyria. Stellaria media — Chickweed. Plantago — Plantain. Also on grasses. LARV.'E A.YD FOOD-PLANTS. 27 Leucania albipuncta. Stellaria media — Chickweed. Agropyron {Tnticum) repens — Couch-grass. Leucania extranea. (Food-plant at present unknown.) Leucania obsoleta. Phragmites communis — Reed. Leucania putrescens. Dadylis glomerata — Cock's-foot Grass (?). On coast grasses. Leucania littoralis. Car ex riparia. Carex svlvatica — In confinement. A.mmophila arundinacea — Marram . Leucania impudens (pudorina). Phragmites communis — Reed. Also on several grasses. Leucania comma. Rumex Acetosa — Sorrel. Rumex Acetosella — Sheep Sorrel. Dactylis glomerata — Cock's-foot Grass. Also on other grasses. Leucania straminea. Poa irivialis — (?) Phragmites communis — Reed. Phalaris arundinacea — Reed Canary Grass. Also on other grasses " in damp meadows and on the banks of streams." Leucania impura. Carex — Sedge. Leucania pallens. Deschampsia (^Aira') ccespifosa — Tussock-grass. Poa annua — Annual Meadow-grass. A^ropyroyi {Triticiini) repens — Couch-grass. Dactylis glomerata — Cock's-foot Grass. * Leucania loreyi. (Grass — species unknown.") * Leucania 1-album. (Grass — species unknown.) Calamia phragmitidis. Phragmites communis — Reed. 28 ZA/^r.l COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Meliana flammea. Phragmites communis — Reed. In the stems. Santa maritima (ulvae). Phragmites communis — Reed. In the stems. Ccenobia rufa (despecta). Juncus lamprocarpHs. In the sterna. Tapinostola fulva. Carex — Sed^e. In the stems. „ paludosa. In the stems. Eriophorum angustifolium — Common Cotton Grass. Glyceria aquaiica. Tapinostola hellmanni. Phragmiie f communis — Reed . Tapinostola extrema (concolor). (Foo J-plant at present unknown.) Tapinostola bondii. A rr/ien.it/ierum avenaceum. Tapinostola elymi. Elymus arenarins — Lyme-grass. In the stems and roots. Nonagria cannae. Typba latifolia—Rtti Mace. Nonagria sparganii. Iris Pseudacorus — Yellow Iris. In the stems of this and otlier Iris. Typh^ latifolia —RttA Mace. In the stems. „ angustifolia. In the stems. Sparganium ramosum — Bur-reed. In the stems. Nonagria arundinis (typhae). Typha latifohd — Reed Mace. In the stems. Nonagria '^eminipuncta. Phragmites communis — Reed. In the stems. Nonagria neurica. Phragmites communis — Reed. In the stems, Nonagria brevilinea. Typha /ati/o/ia— Reed Mace. Phragmites communis — Reed. In the stems. Scijpits. In the stems. Nonagria lutosa. Phragmites communis — Reed. In the stems. LAA'V.'E AND FOOD-PLANTS. 29 Gortyna ochracea (flavago). Arctium minus (^Lappa) — Burdock. In the stems. Cat duus nutans — Musk Thistle. In the stems of this and other thistles. Cnicus palustris — Marsh Thistle. In the stems. Verbascum Thapsus — Mullein. In the stems. Scrophularia aquatica — Water Fig-wort. In the stems. Digitalis purpurea — Foxglove. In the stems. Sambiicus nigra — Elder. Also on potatoe. Hydraecia nictitans. Poa annua — Annual Meadow-grass. On the roots of this and other grasses. Glyceria tnarilima, HydrcEcia petasitis. Pctasites officinalis (^vulgaris') — Butter-Bur. In the stems and roots. Hydrcecia micacea. Cyperus longus — Cypress-root. Carex — Sedge. Eqmsetum arvense — Field-Mare's Tail. In the stems. „ limosum. In the stems, Axylia putris. Primula acaiilis — Primrose (?). Humulus Lupulus — Hop. Urtica dioica — Stinging Nettle. Also on various low plants. Xylophasia rurea. Primula acaulis — Primrose. ,. veris — Cowslip. Also on various grasses. Xylophasia lithoxylea. Poa annua — Annual Meadow-grass (?). On the roots of this and other grasses. Xylophasia sublustris. Poa annua — Annual Meadow-grass (?). On the roots of this and other grasses. Xylophasia monoglypha (polyodon). Poa annua — Annual Meadow-grass (?). On the roots of this and other grasses and low plants. Xylophasia hepatica. Stellaria media — Chickweed. Also on grasses and roots of other low plants. 30 LARVA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Xylophasia scolopacina. Luzula vernalis (^pilosa) Broad-leaved Wood-rush. „ catnpestris — Field Wood-rush ; Cuckoo-grass. Scirpus ccespitosus. Briza media — Quaking Grass ; Maidenhair. „ minor — Small Quaking Grass. Dipterygia scabriuscula (pinastri). A'///;/,M-— Dock. Cloantha polyodon (perspicillaris). Hypericum perforatum — Perforated St. John's Wort Aporophyla australis. Cichorium Intyhus — Chicory. Poa annua — Annual Meadow-grass. Stellaria media — Chickweed. Laphygma exigua. Rlantago — Plantain. Neuria reticulata (sapponariae). Silene Cucul>alus — White Campion. „ marituna — Sea Campion. „ gallica — English Catchfly. Also on other low plants. Neuronia popularis. Poa annua — -Annual Meadow-grass, Also on other grasses. Heliophobus hispidus. Plan/ago — -Plantain. Poa (7«««rt— Annual Meadow-grass. Also on other grasses. Charaeas graminis. Poa annua — Annual Meadow-grass. On the roots of this and other grasses. Pachetra leucophaea. Poa annua — Annual Meadow-grass. „ nemoralis — -Wood Meadow-grass. Festuca ovina — Sheep's Fescue Grass (?.) " In tufts of grass growing in woods," and on commons. Cerigo matura (cytherea). Aira caryophyllea — Hair-grass. Poa annua — Annual Meadow-grass. Also on other grasses on high and stony places. Luperina testacea. Poa atinua— Annual Meadow-grass. On the stems of this and other grasses. LARVAE AND FOOD-PLANTS. 31 Luperina dumerili. (Food-plant at present unknown). Luperina cespitis. Poa annua — Annual Meadow-grass. Also on other grasses. Mamestra abjecta. Artemisia maritima — Sea AVormwood. Mamestra sordida (anceps). (Grass ; species at present unknown). Mamestra albicolon. Chenopodiiun Vulvaria — Slinking Goose-foot ; Orach. ,, album — White Goose-foot. „ Bonus- Hetiricus — Good King Henry. Atriplex patula — Orach. ,, laciniata — Sea Orach. In gardens on lettuce. Mamestra furva. Corjnep/wrus (^Aira") canescens, Mamestra brassicae. Chenopodtum Vulvaria — Stinking Goose-foot ; Orach. „ album — White Goose-foot. Bomis-Henricus — Good King Henry. Rumex — Dock. Also on man}' other plants. Mamestra persicariae. Satnbucus nigra — Elder. Also on low plants. Apamea basilinea. Agropyron {Triticum') — Wheat. On the grain, afterwards on various low plants. Apamea connexa. Grass in woods ; species unknown. In the stems (?). Apamea gemina. Poa annua — Annual Meadow-grass. In confinement. Agropyron {Triticurn) repens — Couch-grass. In confine- ment. Phalaris arundinacea — Reed Canary Grass. In confinement. Apamea unanimis. Agropyron {Triticuni) repens — Couch-grass. In confine- ment. Phalaris arundinacea— Rtti Canary Grass. „ canariensis — Canary Grass. Carex — Sedge. 32 IA/?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Apamea ophiogramma. Phalaris arundinacea — Reed Canary Grass. „ canariensis — Canary Grass. Ii'is Psetidacoriis — Yellow Iris. In the stems. Apamea leucostigma (fibrosa). Iris Pseudacorus — ^Yellow Iris. In the stems. Cladium germanicum — Twig-rush. Apamea didyma (oculea). Poa annua — Annual Meadow-grass. Also on other grasses. Miana strigilis. Dactylis glomerala — Cock's-foot Grass. Miana fasciuncula. Dcuhainpsia (^Aira') carspitosa — Tussock-grass. In the stems of this and other grasses. Miana literosa. Poa annua — Annual Meadow-grass (?). In the stems of this and other grasses. Miana bicoloria (furuncula.) A jylunatherurn avenaceum, Miana arcuosa. Deschainpsia (^Aira) ccespiiosa — Tussock-grass. On the roots. Phothedes captiuncula. Carex glauca. Phalaris arundinacea — Reed Canary Grass. Celaena haworthii. Eriiplwrum angustifolium — Common Cotton Grass. „ vaginatum — Hare's-tail Cotton Grass. Grammesia trigrammica (trilinea). Plantago major — Greater Plantain. Stilbia anomala. Poa annua — Annual Meadow-grass. Also on other grasses. Caradrina morpheus. Dipsacus sylvestris — Wild Teasel. ,, pilosus — Small Teasel. Chenopodiutn Vulvaria — Stinking Goose-foot ; Orach, „ album — White Goose-foot. Seduni Telephium — Orpine. Galium Molluqo — Hedge Bedstraw. 6"a/;x— (Sallo'w.) Humulus Lupulus- — Hop. Also on other plants. LARV^ AND FOOD. PLANTS. 33 Caradrina alsines. Stellaria media — Chickweed. Plantago — Plantain. Also on various low plants. Caradrina taraxaci (blanda.) Stellaria ftiedia — Chickweed. Also on various low plants. Caradrina ambigua. (Food-plant at present unknown.) Caradrina quadripunctata (cubicularis). Slellaria ttiedia — Chickweed. Also on various farinaceous and leguminous plants. Acosmetia caliginosa. Poterium Sangitisorba — Common Salad Burnet. Hydrilla palustris. Plantago — Plantain. Also on various low plants, Rusina tenebrosa. Viola odorala — Sweet Violet. „ canina — Dog Violet. „ tricolor — Heartsease. Also on various low plants. Agrotis vestigialis (valligera.) Holciis lanatus — Meadow Soft-grass, (?) On the roots of this and other grasses, B or ago officinalis — Borage. Artemisia campestris — Field Wormwood. Agrotis puta. Taraxacum officinale — Dandelion. (?) Polygonum aviculare — Knot-grass. In confinement on carrot and lettuce, Agrotis suffusa. dehor ium Intybus — Chicory. Hokus lanatus — Meadow Soft-grass. (?) On the roots of this and other grasses. Agrotis saucia. Trifolium pratense — Purple Clover. ,, repens — Dutch Clover. Plantago — P Ian tai n . Rnmex — Dock. Also on other low plants. 34 ZAJ?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Agrotis segetum. Brassica Sinapis — Cherlock ; Wild iMustard. On the roots of this, turnip, cabbage, horse-radish, carrot, mangold- wurzel, grasses, china asters, etc. Agrotis lunigera. Polygonum avkulare — Knot-grass. In confinement. Taraxacum officinale — Dandelion. In confinement. Agrotis exclamationis. Brassica Napus — Rape. On the roots of this, turnip, other vegetables and low plants. Agrotis corticea. Chenopodium album — White Goose-foot. In confinement. Polygonum aviculare — Knot-grass. In confinement. Ru?nex — Dock. In confinement. Verhascum — Mullein. In confinement. Also on holl3'hock and slices of carrot. Agrotis cinerea. Rumex Acetosa — Sorrel. On the roots of this and other low- plants. Rumcx — Dock, In confinement ; prefers the seeds. Agrotis ripae. Cynoglosium officinale — Hound's-tongue. Agrotis cursoria. Euphorbia Esula. A renaria peploides — Sea Sandwort. Viola Curtisii Forster. Agropyron ( Triticiini) junceum. Agrotis nigricans. Trifolium pratense — Purple Clover. „ repens — Dutch Clover. Also on various low plants. Agrotis tritici. Plantago maritima — Sea Plantain. On the roots of this and other low plants and vegetables. Agrotis aquilina. Papaver Rlucas — Red Poppy. On the roots. Stellaria media — Chickweed. On the roots. Galium verum — Lady's Bedstraw. Plantago — Plantain. Also on the roots of other poppies, cabbage, brocoli, etc. Agrotis obelisca. Galium verum — Lady's Bedstraw. Also on various low plants. LARVAE AND FOOD-PLANTS. 35 Agrotis agathina. Calluna Erica — Ling ; Heather. Agrotis strigula (porphyrea). Calluna Erica — Ling ; Heather. Agrotis praecox. Stellaria media — Chick weed. Also on various low plants. Agrotis obscura (ravida). Carduiis nutans — On the roots of this and other thistles. Taraxacum officinale — Dandelion. On the roots and leaves. Rumex — Dock. Agrotis simulans (pyrophila). Polygonum aviculare — Knot-grass. (?) Also on grasses and other low plants. Agrotis lucernea. Taraxacum officinale — Dandelion. Campanula rotundifolia — Harebell. In confinement. Also on other low plants. Agrotis ashworthii. Helianthemum Chamcecistus — Rock Rose. Poterium Sanguisorba — Common Salad Burnet. Scabiosa succisa — Devil's-bit Scabious. Solidago Virgaurea — Golden-rod. Hieraciiim Pilosella — Mouse-ear Hawk-weed. Campanula rotundifolia — Harebell. In confinement. Calluna Erica — Ling ; Heather. In confinement. Thymus Serpyllum — Thyme. Polygonutn aviculare — Knot-grass. Salix Caprea — (Sallow). In confinement. Festuca ovina — Sheep's Fescue-grass. Also on other Hieracia. Noctua glareosa. Cytisus (Sarothamnus') scoparius — Broom. Rumex — Dock. „ Acetosa — Sorrel. „ Acelosella — Sheep Sorrel. Noctua depuncta. Rumex Acetosa — Sorrel. „ Acetosella — Sheep Sorrel. Noctua augur. Crataegus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. After hybernation. Salix Caprea — (Sallow). After hybernation. Prunus spinosa — Blackthorn. After hybernation. Also on various low plants. D 2 36 LARVA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Noctua plecta. Galium veritm — Lady's Bedstraw. Asperida odorata — Sweet Woodruff. Also on various low plants. Noctua flammatra. Taraxacum officinale — Dandelion. Fragaria vesca — Wild Strawberry. Noctua c-nigrum. Salix repetis — Dwarf Sallow. Vacciniiim Myrtillus — Whortleberry ; Bilberry. Rumex — Dock. In confinement. Plantago — Plantain. In confinement. Lamium album — White Dead-nettle. In confinement. Also on various low plants. Noctua ditrapezium. Polygonum avicuLire — Knot-grass. (?) Betula alba — Birch. In confinement. Plantago — Plantain. In confinement. Rumex — Dock. In confinement. Salix — Sallow. In confinement. Also on various low plants, Noctua triangulum. Salix repens—Dwart Sallow. Plantago — Plantain. In confinement. Rumex — Dock. In confinement. Salix — (Sallow). In confinement. Cratcpgus Oxyacantlia — Whitethorn. In confinement. Rubus fruticosus — Bramble. Lamium album — White Dead-nettle. In confinement. Primula acaulis — Primrose. Betula alba — Birch. Also on various low plants, Noctua stigmatica (rhomboidea). Stellaria media — Chick weed. Salix Caprea — (Sallow). After hybernation. Also on other low plants. In confinement on mint and carrot, Noctua brunnea. Salix cinerea — (Sallow). „ Caprea — (Sallow). Vaccinium Myrtillus — Whortleberry ; Bilberry. Also on various low plants. LARV/E AND FOOD-PLANTS. 37 Noctua festiva. Polygonum avkulare — Knot-grass. In confinement. Salix cincrea — (Sallow). ,, Caprea — (Sallow). Also on various low plants. Noctua festiva v.conflua. Silene acaiihs — Moss Campion. Po!3'phagous. Noctua dahlii. Plantago — Plantain. Runiex — Dock. In confinement, after hybernation. Crataegus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. In confinement, after hybernation. Rubiis fridicosus — Bramble. In confinement, after hyberna- tion. Also on various low plants. Noctua subrosea. Myrica Gale — Sweet Gale. Salix alba — White Willow. In confinement. 1) fragilis — Crack \Villow. In confinement. Noctua rubi. Salix repetis — Dwarf Sallow. Plantago— V\-3.x\\.-a!\x\. In confinement. Rutnex — Dock. Lamium album — White Dead-nettle. In confinement. Also on grasses and various low plants. Noctua umbrosa. Scilla nutans — Squill ; Blue-bell. On the seeds. Poa annua — Annual Meadow-grass. Rumex — Dock. In confinement. Plantago lanceolata — Narrow-leaved Plantain. In confine- ment. Galium Mollugo — Hedge Bedstraw. In confinement. Also on other grasses and low plants. Noctua baia (baja). Salix repent — Dwarf Sallow. Vacciniutn Myrtillus — Whortleberry ; Bilberry. Plantago — Plantain. In confinement. Rumex — Dock. In confinement. Lamium album — White Dead-nettle. In confinement. Also on various low plants. Noctua sobrina. Vacciniitm Myrtillus — Whortleberry ; Bilberry. Crataegus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. In confinement. 38 LARVA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Noctua castanea (v. neglecta). Ca/lutia Erica — Ling ; Heather. Salix cinerea — (Sallow). „ Capna — (Sallow). Noctua xanthographa. Poa annua — Annual Meadow-grass. Crato'gus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. Salix repens — -Dwarf Sallow. Plantago — Plantain. In confinement. Riimex — Dock. In confinement. I amiitm alhiim — White Dead-nettle. In confinement. Also on other grasses. Triphaena ianthina. Lamiiim purpureitm — Purple Dead-nettle. „ allium — White Dead-nettle. Primula acaulis — Pri mrose. Primus spinosa — Blackthorn. Cratcegus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. Also on various garden and low plants. Triphaena fimbria. Luziila maxitna — Wood-rush. Lamium purpureum — Purple Dead-nettle. „ album — White Dead-nettle. Primula acaulis — Primrose. Also on other low plants. Triphaena interjecta. Alalva sylvestris — Mallow. Also on various low plant?. Triphaena orbona (subsequa). Agropyron {Triticuni) repens — Couch Grass. Dactylis glomerata — Cock's- foot Grass. Potentilla reptans — Trailing Tormentil. Primula veris — Cowslip. Ranunculus veris — Meadow Crowfoot. „ repens — Creeping Crowfoot. Triphaena comes (orbona). Salix cinerea — (Sallow). After hj'bernation. „ Ca/rtr.i— (Sallow). After hybernation. Digitalis purpurea — Foxglove. A rmeria maritima — Thrift. Cratcpgus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. After hybernation. Stellaria media — Chickweed. Also on other low plants. LARV^ AND FOOD-PLANTS. Triphsena pronuba. Stellar la media — Ch ickweed. Lychnis Git ha go — C o rn-cock 1 e. Also on very many low plants and vegetables. Araphipyra pyramidea. Ulmiis cainpeslris — Elm, Quercus Robur — Oak. Salix alba — White Willow. Amphipyra tragopogonis. Cratepgus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. Also on various low plants. Mania typica. Prunus — Plum. Before hybernation. Epilobiuiii hirsntum — Great Hairy Willow-herb. Rivnex — Dock. Pyrus communis — Pear. Also on many other trees before hybernation. Mania maura. Riimex — Dock. Stellar ia media— Q,\\\c\.v;(tf^. Fragaria vesca — Wild Strawbbrry. Panolis piniperda. Ptnus sylvestns — Scotch Fir. Pachnobia leucographa. Plantago — Plantain. Pachnobia rubricosa. Rumex — Dock. Populus — Poplar. Pachnobia hyperborea. (Food-plant at present unknown). Taeniocampa gothica. Syringa vulgaris — Lilac. Salix Caprea — (Sallow). Quercus Robur — Oak. Rumex — Dock. CratcBgus Oxyacantha — Wh itethorn. Trifolium repens — Dutch Clover. „ pratense — Purple Clover. Al=o on laurel. Doubleday. Also on various trees and plants. 40 IAJ?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Taeniocampa incerta (instabilis). Salix Caprea — (Sallow). „ «/i^rt— White Willow. Quercus Robiir — Oak. Rimiex — Dock. Pr units spinosa — Blackthorn. Also on various trees and plants. Taeniocampa opima. Salix Caprea — (Sallow ) Rosa spinosissima — Burnet Rose. Ammophila arundinacea — Marram. Senecio Jacohcra — Ragwort. Cynoglossmn officinale — Hound's-tongue. Taeniocampa populeti. Populus tremula — Aspen. Populus — Poplar, Taeniocampa stabilis. Quercus Rohur—Oitk. Ubnus campesiris — Elm. Taeniocampa gracilis. Salix Caprea — (Sallow.) „ alba — White Willow. Spircea Ulmaria — Meadow-sweet. Taeniocampa miniosa. Quercus Robur — Oak. Cratcrgus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. Taeniocampa munda. Populus tremula — Aspen. Quercus Robur — Oak. Ubnus campesiris — Elm. Pruniis — Plum. Taeniocampa pulverulenta (cruda). Quercus Robur — Oak. Orthosia suspecta. (Food-plant at present unknown, probabl}' on low plants.) Orthosia upsilon. Salix alba — White Willow. „ fragilis — Crack Willow. Populus — Poplar. Orthosia lota. Prunus spinosa — Blackthorn. Salix fragi lis — Crack Willow. „ Caprea — (Sallow.) LARV.E AND FOOD-PLANTS. Orthosia macilenta. Fagus sylvatica — Beech. Anchocelis rufina. Qiiercus Robur — Oak. Anchocelis pistacina. Ranunculus bulbosus — Bulbous Buttercup. Rumex — Dock. Also on other Rantincuh. Anchocelis lunosa. Holciis lanatus — Meadow soft-grass (?). Also on other grasses. Anchocelis litura. Spinra L'bnaria — Meadow-sweet. Salix rt//;rt— White Willow. Rubus fruiicosus — Bramble. Cerastis (glsea) vaccinii. Ulmus campestris — Elm. Ouercus Robur — Oak. Salix Caprea — (Sallow.) Also on low plants. Cerastis (glaea) spadicea. Primus spinosa — Blackthorn. CratiTgus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. Lonicera Peridymeniim — Honeysuckle. Also on various low plants when about half-grown. Cerastis (glaea) erythrocephala. Polygonum aviculare — Knot-grass (?). Also on various low plants. Scopelosoma satellitia. Ulmus campestris — Elm. Quercus Robur — Oak. Fagus sylvatica — Beech. Dasycampa rubiginea. Pyrus Malus — Apple. Taraxacum officinale — Dandelion. Ouercus Robur — Oak. Primus— ?\\\m. In confinement. Polygonum aviculare — Knot-grass. In confinement. Also on low plants. Oporina croceago. Quercus Robur — Oak. Xanthia citrago. Tilia vulgaris-^Lime. 42 LAJiVA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Xanthia fulvago (cerago). Salix Capvea — (Sallow.) In the catkins. „ cinera — (Sallow.) Afterwards on low plants. Xanthia flavago (silago). Salix Caprea — (Sallow). „ cinei-ea — (Sallow). Also on various low plants. Xanthia aurago. Fagus sylvatica — Beech. Spinra Filipcndula — -Drop wort. Xanthia gilvago. Uhittis mojitana — Wych Elm. „ campestris — Elm. Xanthia circellaris (ferruginea). Fraxinus excelsior — Ash. L'linus montana — Wych Elm. Salix Caprea — (Sallow). On the buds. Fopulus tremula — Aspen. On the buds. Cirrhaedia xerampelina. Fraxinus excelsior — Ash. Tethea subtusa. Fopulus — Poplar. Tethea retusa. Populw: — Poplar. Salix Caprea — (Sallow.) Cosmia (Euperia) palacea (fulvago). Ouercus Rohm — Oak. Betula alba — Birch. Dicycla oo. Ouercus Rohur — Oak. Calymnia trapezina. Quercus Robur — Oak. Carpinus Betulus — -Hornbeam. Betula alba — Birch. Calymnia pyralina. Ryrus cotnniunis — Pear. Frunus — Plum. Calymnia diffinis. Ulmus catnpeslris — Elm. Calymnia affinis. Ulmus campestris — Elm. LARV^ AND FOOD-PLANTS. 43 Eremobia (Ilarus) ochroleuca. Aira prcvcox — Early Hair Grass (?). Verbascum Thapsus — Mullein. Dactylis glomerata — Cock's-foot Grass. In confinement, on the seed?. Also on other grasses in dry places. Dianthoecia luteago (v. barretti). (Food-plant at present unknown.) Dianthoecia caesia. Silene Cuathalns — White Campion. On the seeds. „ tnaritima — Sea Campion. On the seeds. Dianthoecia nana (conspersa). Silem Cucuhalus — White Campion. On the seeds. ,, mnritima — Sea Campion. On the seeds. „ nutans — Nottingham Catchfly. On the seeds. Lychnis alha — Evening Campion. On the seeds. „ diurna — Red Campion. On the seeds. „ Flos-cuculi — Ragged Robin. On the seeds. Dianthcecia albimacula. Silene nutans — Nottingham Catchfly. On the seeds. „ Cucuhalus — White Campion. In confinement, on the seeds. „ marititna — Sea Campion. In confinement, on the seeds. Lychnis diurna — Red Campion. In confinement, on the seeds. Dianthcecia compta. (Doubtful British species ) Dianthcecia capsincola. Silene Cucuhalus — White Campion. On the seeds. ,, tnaritima — Sea Campion. On the seeds. Lychnis alha — Evening Campion. On the seeds. „ diurna — Red Campion. On the seeds. Dianthcecia cucubali. Siletie Cucuhalus — White Campion. On the seeds. „ tnaritima — Sea Campion. On the seeds. Lychnis alha — Evening Campion. On the seeds. Dianthoecia carpophaga. Silene Cucuhalus — ^White Campion. On the seeds. Lychnis alba — Evening Campion. On the seeds. Dianthcecia capsophila. Silene Cucuhalus — White Campion. In confinement, on the seeds,. „ tnaritima — Sea Campion. On the seeds. 44 lAJ^VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Dianthcecia irregularis. Silene Otites — Spanish Catchfly. On the flowers and seeds. „ Cucubalns — White Campion. In confinement. Echium vulgare — Viper's Bugloss. Hecatera chrysozona (dysodea). Lactuca vivosa — Sleepwort. On the flowers and seeds. Also on other Lactucoe. Hecatera serena. Lactuca virosa — Sleepwort. Sonclnis oleraceiis — Sow-thistle. „ arvensis — Corn Sow-thistle. Hieracimn Pilosella — ^Mouse-ear Hawk-weed. Also on other Hieracia. In confinement on lettuce. Polia chi. Lactuca virosa — Sleepwort (?). Sonchus oleraceus — Sow-thistle. „ arvensis — Corn Sow-thistle. Cratcegus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. Rumex crispus — Curled Dock. In confinement. Salix Caprea — Sallow. „ cinerea — Sallow. In confinement. „ viminilis — ^Osier. In confinement. Polia flavicincta. Rumex — Dock. Plantago — Plantain. Digitalis purpurea — Foxglove. Senecio vulgaris — Groundsel. L onicera Periclynienuni — H oney suckle. Hedera Helix — Ivy. Stellaria media — Chickweed. Lathyrus (^Orohus') sylvestris — Everlasting Pea. Polia xanthomista. Armeria maritima — Thrift. Campanula rotundifolia — Harebell. Silene ^«///ca— English Catchfly. „ acaulis — Moss Campion. „ nutans — Nottingham Catchfly. ,, Cucubalns — White Campion. ,. tnnritima — Sea Campion. Plantago maritima — Sea Plantain. In confinement. Viola canina — Dog Violet. ,, tricolor — Heartsease. „ odoraia — Sweet Violet. LARVM AND FOOD-PLANTS. 45 Dasypolia templi. Heracleum 6/>/w«^'//«w— Cow-parsnep. Epunda lichenea. Senecio Jacohcra — Ragwort. Also on Sedum. Epunda lutulenta. Lithospermum arvense — Corn Gromwell ; Bastard Alkaret. Scabiosa arvensis — Field Scabious. Calbma Erica — Ling ; Heather. Mentha — Mint. Pou annua — Annual Meadow-grass. In confinement. Potentilla Fragariastrum — Strawberry-leaved Cinquefoil. In confinement. Epunda nigra. Runiex — Dock. A rmeria maritima — Thrift, Galium Mollugo — Hedge Bedstraw. Stellaria media — Chickweed. Cleoceris viminalis. Salix cinerea — (Sallow.) „ «/^«— White Willow (?). Miselia oxyacanthae. Cratcegus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. Piunus spiiwsa — Blackthorn. Mistlia bimaculosa. Ulmus campestris — Elm, Agriopis aprilina. Quercus Rubur — Oak. Valeria oleagina. Primus spinosa — Blackthorn, Euplexia lucipara. Digitalis purpurea — Foxglove. Pteris aquilina — Brake ; Bracken. Lastrcea (^Nephrodiut)i) Filix-mas — Male Fern. Phlogophora meticulosa. Sen ecio v u Iga ris — Groundsel. Also on many other low plants. Trigonophora flammea (empyrea). Ranunculus bulbosus — Bulbous Buttercup. ,, Fie aria — Pile wort. Also on -various low plants. 46 LARVA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Aplecta prasina (herbida). Polygonum aviculare — Knot-grass. Rumex — Dock. Also on other low plants. Aplecta occulta. Taraxacum officinale — Dandelion. Primula acaulis — Primrose. Polygonum aviculare — Knot-grass. In confinement. Calluna Erica — Ling ; Heather. Salix — (Sallow.) In confinement. Riibus fruticosus — Bramble. In confinement. Betula alba — Birch. In confinement. Ru7nex pulcher — Fiddle Dock. In confinement. Vinca major — Greater Periwinkle. In confinement. Plantago lancenlata — Narrow-leaved Plantain. In confine- ment. Also on various low plants. Aplecta nebulosa. Crataegus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. Rumex — Dock. Betula alba — Birch. Salix Caprea — (Sallow.) On various low plants before, and on other trees after, hybernation. Aplecta tincta. Betula alba — Birch. Poa annua — Annual Meadow-grass. Also on other grasses and low plants. Aplecta advena. Polygonum aviculare — Knot-grass. Also on lettuce and other low plants. Crymodes exulis. Poa annua — Annual Meadow-grass. On this and other species oi Poa. Hadena porphyrea (satura). Lonicera Periclymenum — Honeysuckle. Humulus Lupulus — Hop. Hadena adusta. Salix Caprea — (Sallow ) Also on various low plants. Hadena protea. Quercus Robur — Oak. Hadena glauca. Salix Caprea — (Sallow.) In confinement on lettuce. LARV/E AND FOOD-PLANTS. 47 Hadena dentina. Taraxacum ojficinale — Dandelion. Hadena trifolii (chenopodii). Chenopodium Vulvaria — Stinking Goose-foot ; Orach, „ album — White Goose-foot. „ Bonus-Henricus — Good King Henry. Polygonum aviculare — Knot-grsss. Hadena atriplicis. Chenopodium vulvaria — Stinking Goose-foot ; Orach, „ alliutn — White Goose-foot. „ Bonus-Hem-icus — Good King Henry. A triplex patula — Orach. „ laciniata — Sea Orach. Polygonum aviculare — Knot-grass. Also on other Polygona. Rianex — Dock. Also on various low plants. Hadena dissimilis (suasa). Polygonum aviculare — K n ot-gras3 Plantago major — Greater Plantain. In confinement. Also on other low plants. Hadena oleracea. Rumex — Dock. Urtica dioica — Stinging Nettle. Also on various low plants. Hadena pisi. Cytisus {^Sarothamnus) scoparius — Broom. Pteris aquilina — Brake ; Bracken. Also on other plants and shrubs. Hadena thalassina. Cytisus {Sarothainnus') scoparius — Broom. Lo7iicera Periclytnenum — Honeysuckle. Polygonum aviculare — Knot-grass. '■■ Hadena peregrina. Chenopodium Vulvaria — Stinking Goose-foot ; Orach. „ albu7n — White Goose-foot. „ Bonus-Henricus — Good King Henry. Salsola Kali — Prickly Glass-wort. Hadena genistae. Stellaria media — Chickweed. In confinement. Polygonum aviculare — Knot-grass, Also on other Polygona. Hadena rectilinea. Jmpatiens Noli-tangere Do-not-touch-me. Rubus fr^ticosus — Bramble.' 48 ZA/^VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Hadena rectilinea — continued. Vaccmium Vitis-Idcea — Cow-berry. „ Myrtillus — Whortleberry ; Bilberry. Salix Caprea — (Sallow.) Hadena contigua. Myrica Gale — Sweet Gale. Betula alba — Birch. Corylus Avellana — Hazel. Quercus Robur — Oak. iialix repens — Dwarf Sallow. Xylocampa areola (lithoriza). Lonicera Periclymenum — Honeysuck le. Xylomiges conspicillaris. Primus spinosa — Blackthorn. Lotus cornicidatits — Bird's-foot Trefoil. Polygonum avkulare — Knot-grass. Calocampa vetusta. Iris Pseudacoriis — Yellow Iris. Riimex—YioQk. Scabiosa succisa — Devil's-bit Scabious. „ arvensis — Field Scabious. ,, Columbaria — Small Scabious. Trifolium procumbetis — Hop Trefoil. „ ochroleucon. Also on various meadow plants. Calocampa exoleta. Cnicus arvensis — Field Thistle. Scabiosa succisa — Devil's-bit Scabious. Ononis spinosa — Rest-harrow. Also on various meadow plants. Calocampa solidaginis. Vaccinium Myrtillus — Whortleberry ; Bilberry. Cratcegus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. Xylina ornithopus (rhizolitha). Quercus Robicr — Oak. Xylina semibrunnea. Fraxinus excelsior — Ash. Salix rt/3«— White Willow. Quercus Robur — Oak. Xylina socia (petrificata). Quercus Robur — Oak. filia vulgaris — Lime. Also on other trees. LARVAE AND FOOD-PLANTS. 49 Xylina furcifera (conformis). Abuts glutinosa — Alder. Betida alba — Birch. Xylina lambda. Alnus glutinosa — Alder. Myrica Gale — Sweet Gale. Asteroscopus nubeculosa. Ouerciis Robur — Oak. Betula alba — Birch. Asteroscopus sphinx (cassinea). Quercus Robur — Oak. Tilia vulgaris — Lime. Salix cinerea—(S3.\\ovi.') „ Caprea — (Sallow.) Also on other trees. Cucullia verbasci. Verbascum Thapsus — Mullein. „ nigrum — Black Mullein. Scrophularia aquatica — Water Fig-wort. „ nodosa — Knotted Fig-wort. Cucullia scrophulariae. Verbascum Blattaria — Moth Mullein. Scrophularia aquatica — Water Fig-wort. „ nodosa — Knotted Fig-wort. Cucullia lychnitis. Verbascum Lychnitis — White Mullein. „ nigrum — Black Mullein. Cucullia asteris. Solidago Virgaurea — Golden-rod. Aster Tripolium — Sea Star-wort. Also in gardens on China Asters. Cucullia gnaphalii. Solidago Virgaurea — Golden-rod. Cucullia absinthii. Artemisia Absinthium — Common Wormwood. Cucullia chamomillse. Anthemis Cotula, „ nobilis — Chamomile. „ arvensis — Corn Chamomile. Chrysanthemum Parthenium — Common Feverfew. Matricaria inodor a— Corn Feverfew. „ ■ Chamomilla — Dog's Chamomile. 50 ZA/?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. * CucuUia artemisiae. Artemisia Ahsinthium — Common Wormwood, Cucullia umbratica. Laduca virosa — Sleepwort. Sonchus oUraceus — Sow-thistle. ,, arvensis — Corn Sow-thistle. ,, palustris — Marsh Sow-thistle. Gonoptera libatrix. Salix Caprea — (Sallow). „ alba — White Willow, Habrostola tripartita (urticae). Urtica dioica — Stinging Nettle. Habrostola triplasia. Hitmulns Lupiilus — Hop. Urtica dioica — Stinging Nettle. Plusia chryson (orichalcea). Eupiitorium cannabinum — Hemp Agrimony. Plusia chrysitis. Arctium minus QLappd) — Burdock. Lamium album — White Dead-nettle. Urtica dioica — Stinging Nettle. Plusia bractea. Anthriscus sylvestris — Hare's Parsley. Eiipatorium cannabinum — Hemp Agrimony. Senecio vulgaris — Groundsel. Hieracium Pilosella — Mouse-ear Hawk-weed. Mercurialis per en n is — D og's Mercury. Lamium purpureum — Purple Dead-nettle. „ album — White Dead-nettle. Plusia festucse. Iris Pseudacorus — Yellow Iris. Spargatiium simplex — Unbranched Bur-reed. Carex — Sedge. Plusia iota. Lonicera Periclymenum — Honeysuckle. Senecio vulgarii — Groundsel. Lamium album — White Dead-nettle. Urtica dioica — Stinging Nettle. Also on various low plants. Plusia pulchrina. Senecio vulgaris — Groundsel. Urtica dioica — Stinging Nettle. „ urens — Small Nettle. Also on various low plants. LARV^ AND FOOD-PLANTS. Plusia gamma. Huimilus Lupiilus — Hop. Also on all sorts of low plants. Plusia interrogationis. Urtica dioica — Stinging Nettle. Plusia ni. Polygotium aviculare — Knot-grass (?). Also on other low plants. Anarta melanopa. Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi — Red Bear-berry. Phyllodoce {ijienziesid) taxifolia — Scottish Menzicjia. Anarta cordigera. Vaccinium Vi/is-ldcea — Cow-berry. „ Myrtillus — Whortleberry ; Bilberry. ,, u!ig!Hos2im-—^o^ Whortleberry. Anarta myrtilli. Calluna Erica — Ling ; Heather. Salix alba — White Willow. In confinement. Heliaca (Heliodes) tenebrata (arbuti). Cenistium glomeratum — Mouse-ear Chickweed. ,, arvense — 'Field Mouse-ear Chickweed. Heliothis dipsacea. Linaria vulgaris — Yellow Toad-flax. Silene Otites — Spanish Catchfly. Lychnis alba — 'Evening Campion. Ononis spinosa — Rest-harrow. Crepis virens — Smooth Hawk's-beard. Also on various low plants and other Silene, Heliothis scutosa, Artemisia vulgaris — Mugwort. „ campestris — 'Field Wormwood. Heliothis peltigera. Hyoscyamiis niger — Henbane. Matricaria inodora — Corn Feverfew. Ononis spinosa — -Rest-harrow. Lepigonum QSpergnlaria') riibriim — Purple Sandwort. Arenaria — Sandwort. Heliothis armigera. Reseda lutea — Wild Mignonette, Also on scarlet-geranium. Ent. ix. 261. Chariclea umbra (marginata). Polygonum aviculare — Knot-grass. In confinement. Ononis jr//«w«— Rest-harrow. 52 LARVA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Agrophila trabealis (sulphuralis). Convolvulus rt;7v«5«— Field Bindweed. Acontia lucuosa. Convolvulus arvensis — Field Bindweed. * Acontia Solaris. Polygonum aviculare — Knot-grass (?). Also on other low plants. Erastria venustula. Rumex Acetosetla — Sheep Sorrel. Rubus friiticosus — Bramble. Potentilla reptans — Trailing Tormentil. On the flowers. „ Anserina — Silver-weed. On the flowers. Erastria fasciana (fuscula). Rubus Idceus — Raspberry. „ fruticosm — Bramble. Molinia ccerulea — Purple Melic-grass. Bankia argentula. Poa annua — Annual Meadow-grass. ,, pratensis. Glyceria aquatica. Also on other grasses. Hydrelia uncula (unca). Carex — Sedge. Car ex sylvatica. In confinement. Thalpochares (Micra) ostrina. Carduus — Thistle (?). Cnicus — Thistle (?). Thalpochares (Micra) parva. (Food-plant unknown; abroad on the seeds of Inula ?>ioHlana,^ Thalpochares (Micra) paula. (Food-plant unknown ; abroad on Gnaphalium arenariuni). Phytometra viridaria (eenea). Polygala vulgaris — Common Milk-wort. Euclidia mi. Melilotns arvensis — Melilot. Trifoliiim pratense — Purple Clover. „ repetis — Dutch Clover. Euclidia glyphica. Trifoliion repens — Dutch Clover. Ophiodes lunaris. Quercus Robur — Oak. LARV^ AND FOOD-PLANTS. 53 Catephia alchymista. Querctis Robur — Oak. Catocala fraxini. Fraxhms excelsior — Ash. Populus — Poplar. „ tremida — Aspen. Catocala nupta. Pninus — Plum. Salix alba — (Sallow). „ fragilis — Crack Willow. Populus — Poplar. Catocala promissa. Quercus Robur — Oak. Catocala sponsa. Quercus Robur — Oak. Aventia flexula. Lichen. On thorns, cherry and yew. Toxocampa pastinum. Vicia Cracca — Tufted Vetch. Toxocampa craccae. Vicia svlvatica — Wood Vetch. Boletobia fuliginaria. Fungi. In damp cellars, etc. Rivula sericealis. Brack Ypodium svlvaticum. ,, prnnatum. Glyceria inaritima Zanclognatha grisealis. Chrysosplenium aliernifolium — Alternate-leaved Golden Saxi- frage. Zanclognatha tarsipennalis. Rubus Idcrus — Raspbeny. Zanclognatha emortualis. Quercus Robur — Oak. Dead leaves preferred, Herminia cribralis. Car ex svlvatica. Luzula v'.rnalis (pilosaj — Broad-leaved Wood-rush. Salix — Sallow. Herminia derivalis. Castanea sativa — Chestnut. In confinement on the dead leaves. Quercus Robur — Oak. In confinement on the dead leaves ; also on grass. 54 LARVA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Pechypogon barbalis. Quercus Rohiiy — Oak. Betula alha — Birch, Madopa salicalis. Salix Caprea — (Sallow). „ cinerea — (Sallow). „ a/(5«— White Willow. Bomolocha fontis (crassalis). Erica cinerea — Common Purple Heath. ,, Tetralix — Cross-leaved Heath. Hypena rostralis. Humuhis Lupiilus — Hop. Hypena proboscidalis. Urtica dioica — Stinging Nettle. Hypenodes albistrigalis. (FooJ-pIant at present unknown). Hypenodes costaestrigalis. Thymus Serpyllicm— Thyme. In confinement. Tholomiges (schrankia) turfosalis. (Food-plant at present unknown). Brephos parthenias. Fagus sylvatica — Beech. Betula alba — Birch. Quercus Robur — Oak. Brephos notha. Salix cinerea — (Sallow). Poplins tremula — Aspen. GEOMETRY. Uropteryx sambucaria. Primus spinosa — Blackthorn. Rubiis frtdicosus — Bramble. Cratcvgus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. Hedera Helix — Ivy. Sambucus nigra — Elder. Lonicera Periclymcnum — Honeysuckle. Myosotis arvensis — Field Forget-me-not. Quercus Robur — Oak. Also on various herbaceous plants. Epione paralellaria (vespertaria). Corylus Avellana — Hazel. LARVM AND FOOD-PLANTS. 55 Epione apiciaria. Ai'nus glutinosa — Alder. Corylus Avellana — Hazel. Salix rt/^rr— White Willow. Populus — Poplar. Epione advenaria. Vaccinium Myrtillus — Whortleberry : Bilberry. Rumia luteolata (cratsegata). PruHHS spinosa — Blackthorn. Pyriis Mains — Apple. Cratcegus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn . Venilia macularia (maculata). Lamium piirpuyemn — Purple Dead-nettle. Urtica dioica — Stinging Nettle. Also on various herbaceous plants. Angerona prunaria. Clematis vit ilha — Traveller's Joy. Cytistis (Sarothamnus) scoparius — Broom. Prunus spinosa — Blackthorn. „ —Plum. Fagus sylvatica — Beech. Metrocampa margaritaria. Ulmus campestris — Elm. Betula rt/(5rt— Birch. Carpinus Betulus — Hornbeam. . Quercus Robnr — Oak. Fagus sylvatica — Beech. EUopia prosapiaria (fasciaria). Pinus sylvestris — Scotch Fir. Eurymene dolobraria. Betula «/Az— Birch. Qiurcus Robur — Oak. Fagus sylvatica — Beech. Pericallia syringaria. Samhucus nigra — Elder. Ligustrum vulgare — Privet. Syringa vulgaris — Lilac. Selenia bilunaria (illunaria). Prunus — Plum. Salix a«a— White Willow. Selenia lunaria. Prunus spinosa — Blackthorn. Ulmus campestris — Elm. Ouercus Rohur — Oak. 56 LARVA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Selenia tetralunaria (illustraria). Fraxinus excelsior — Ash. Betula alba — Birch. Quercus Rohiir — Oak. Fagus sylvaika — Beech. Odontopera bidentata. Quercus Rolnir — Oak. Crocallis elinguaria. Fagus sylvaika — Beech. Lonkera Perklymenum — Honeysuckle. Crataegus Oxyacantha —Whitethorn. Pyrus J/a/«5— Apple. Primus spinosa — Blackthorn. Also on other trees. Eugonia (Ennomos) autumnaria (alniaria). Fagus sylvatica — Beech. Quercus Robur — Oak. Alnus glutinosa — Alder. Betula alba — Birch. Sambucus nigra — Elder. Pyrus Malus — Apple. A cer Pseiido-platanus — Sycamore. Cratcvgis Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. In confinement. Prunus — Plum. In confinement. Salix — (Sallow). In confinement. Also on apricot. Eugonia (Ennomos) alniaria (tiliaria). Quercus Robur — Oak. Betula alba — Birch. Salix — (Sallow). In confinement. Eugonia (Ennomos) fuscantaria. Fraxinus excelsior — Ash. Ligustriim vulgare — Privet. Eugonia (Ennomos) erosaria. Quercus Robur — Oak. Betula alba — Birch. Eugonia (Ennomos) quercinaria (angularia) Syringa vulgaris — Lilac. Crataegus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. Quercus Robur — Oak. Betula alba — Birch. Ulinus campestris — Elm. Himera pennaria. Quercus Robur — Oak. LARV^ AND FOOD-PLANTS. Phigalia pedaria (pilosaria). Quercus Robiir — Oak. Nyssia zonaria. Lotus cornicidatits — Bird's-foot Trefoil. Salix Caprea — (Sallow). „ cinerea — (Sallow). Centaur ea ni^-a — Knap-weed. Achillea Miflefolium—YTixrow ; Milfoil. Nyssia hispidaria. Quercus Robur — Oak. Nyssia lapponaria. Pyrus Alalus — Apple. Biston hirtaria. Uhnus campestris — Elm. Prunus — Plum. Tilia vulgaris — Lime. Also on fruit and other trees. Amphidasys strataria (prodomaria). Quercus Robur — Oak. Betula alba — Birch. Amphidasys betularia. Rolnnia Pseud-acacia — Acacia. Populus— Poplar. Salix «/(5a— White Willow. Fagus sylvatica — Beech. Quercus Robur — Oak. Almts glutinom — ^Alder. Betula alba — Birch. Ulmus campestris — Elm. Pyrus Malus — Apple. Acer Psmdo-platanus — Sycamore. Tilia vulgaris — Lime. Hemerophila abruptaria. Rosa canina — Dog-rose (?). Ligustrum vulgare — Privet. Also on cultivated rose. Cleora angularia (viduaria). Lichen, On trees. Cleora glabraria. Lichen. On firs, and oaks. Cleora lichenaria. L.ichen. On trees. 58 ZA/?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING Boarmia repandata. Euonymus europesiis — Spindle. Prunus spinosa — Blackthorn. „ —Plum. Rubus fruticosiis — Bramble. Cratcsgiis Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. Vaccinium Myrtillus — Whortleberry ; Bilberry. Calluna Erica — Ling ; Heather. Betula alba — Birch. Boarmia gemmaria (rhomboidaria). I'niuns — Plum. Rosa canina — Dog Rose (?). Hedera Helix — Ivy. Betula alba — Birch. Quercus Robur — Oak. Also on cultivated rose. Boarmia abietaria, Betula alba—V>uzV. Pinus — Fir. Syi-inga vulgaris — Lilac. Boarmia cinctaria. Erica Tetralix — Cross-leaved Heath. „ cinerea — Common Purple Heath. Boarmia roboraria. Quercus Robur — Oak. Boarmia consortaria. Quercus Robur — Oak. Tephrosia consonaria. Pagus sylvatica — Beech. Carpinus Betulus — Hornbeam. Betula alba — Birch. Quercus Robur — Oak. Tephrosia crepuscularia. Pinus — Fir. Populus — Poplar. Salix a/^fl— White Willow. Quercus Robur — Oak. A Inus glutinosa — Alder. Betula alba — Birch. Ulnius campestris — Elm. Prunus spinosa — Blackthorn . Tephrosia biundularia. Larix eitropica — Larch. Pinus — Fir. LARVM AND FOOD-PLANTS. Tephrosia biundularia — continued. Querciis Robiir — Oak. A Inus glutinosa — Alder, Beiula alba— ^irch. Primus — Plum. In confinement. Tephrosia luridata (extersaria). Betiila alba — Birch. Tephrosia punctularia. Beiula alba — Birch. Gnophos obscuraria. Poleriuin Sangnisorba — Common Salad Burnet Fragaria vesca — Wild Strawberry. Helianthemum Chamwcistus — Rock Rose, Dasydia obfuscaria. Vicia saliva — Common Vetch. Genista tinctoria — Dyer's Green-weed. Calluna Erica — Ling; Heather. Polygonum aviculare — Knot-grass. In confinement. Psodos coracina (trepidaria). Mosses. * Tephrona sepiaria. Lichen. On walls, Pseudoterpna pruinata (cytisaria). Genista anglica — ^Needle Furze. Cytisus {Sarothainnus) scoparius — Broom Ulex europceus — Furze ; Gorse, Geometra papilionaria. Beiula alba — Birch. Corylus Avellana — Hazel. Fagus sylvatica. — Beech. Geometra vernaria. Clematis Vitalba — Traveller's Joy. Phorodesma pustulata. Que reus Robur — Oak. Phorodesma smaragdaria. Artemisia maritima — Sea Wormwood, Nemoria viridata. Ruhusfruttcosus — Bramble. Cratwgus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn . lodis lactearia. Betiila alba — Bircli. 6o ZAJ?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Hemithea strigata (thymiaria). Cratcegus Oxyacantlia — Whitethorn. QuerciLS Robiir — Oak. Zonosoma (Ephyra) porata. Onercus Robur—Onk. Zonosoma (Ephyra) punctaria. Quercus Robur — Oak. Zonosoma (Ephyra) linearia (trilinearia). Fagus sylvatica — Beech. Zonosoma (Ephyra) annulata (omicronaria). Acer campestre — Maple. ,, Pseudo-platanus — Sycamore. Zonosoma (Ephyra) orbicularia. Alnus glutinosa — Alder. Salix cinerea — (Sallow). „ Capiea — (Sallow). Zonosoma (Ephyra) pendularia. Betula rt/^,;— Birch. Hyria muricata (auroraria). Flantago — Plantain. Polygonum aviculare — Knot-grass. Asthena luteata. Alnus gliitinosa — Alder. Acer campestre — yi^'^Xz. Asthena candidata. Carpi nus Be lulus — Hornbeam. Corylus Avellana — Hazel. Asthena sylvata. Betula alba — Birch. Alnus gluliiwsa — Alder. Prunus spinosa — Blackthorn. Asthena blomeri (blomeraria). Ulmus monlana — VVych Elm. Eupisteria obliterata (heperata). Alnus glulinosa — Alder. Venusia cambrica (cambricaria). Pyrus yJ«t7//irt;7rt— Mountain Ash. Acidalia perochraria (ochrearia). Silene maritima — Sea Campion. Galium verum — Lady's Bedstraw. On the flowers. In confinement. ,, palustre — Water Bedstraw. On the flowers. In confinement. LARV^ AND FOOD-PLANTS. 6i Acidalia ochrata. Ononis spinosa — Rest-harrow. Galium verurn — Lady's Bedstraw. On the flowers. Solidago Virgaiirea — Golden-rod. Tussilago Farfara — Colt's-foot. On the flowers. Crepis virens — Smooth Hawk's-beard. On the flowers. Taraxacum officinale — Dandelion. Festuca ovina — Sheep's Fescue Grass (?). Acidalia rubiginata (rubricata). Lotus corniculatus — Bird's-foot Trefoil. In confinement. „ ■bilosus — Greater Bird's-foot Trefoil. In confinement on this and various Trifolii. Thymus Serpyllum — Thyme. Prunus — Plum. Salix — Sallow. Acidalia dimidiata (scutulata). Pimpinella Saxifraga — Common Burnet Saxifrage. On the flowers. Anthriscus sylvestris — Hare's Parsley. On the flowers. Galium. Mollugo — Hedge Bedstraw. Taraxacum officinale — Dandelion. In confinement. Acidalia bisetata. Taraxacum officinale — Dandelion. Polygonum aviculare — Knot-grass. In confinement. Riibus fruticosus — Bramble. In confinement ; on the with- ered leaves. Acidalia trigeminata. Polygonum aviculare — Knot-grass. In confinement. Cratccgus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. In confinement. Stellaria media — Chickweed. In confinement. Acidalia contiguaria. Erica Tetralix — Cross-leaved Heath. „ cinerea — Common Purple Heath. Polygonum aviculare — Knot-grass. Empetrum nigrum — Black Crow-berry. Stellaria media — Chickweed. Calluna Erica — Ling ; Heather. In confinement. Cratcegus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. In confinement. Acidalia rusticata. Parietaria officinalis — Pellitory-of-the-wall. Hedera Helix — Ivy. In confinement. Syringa vulgaris — Lilac. In confinement. Rubus fruticosus — Bramble. In confinement, after hyberna- tion, on withered leaves. 62 IAJ?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Acidalia holosericata. rolygonum avicidare — Knot-grass. In confinement. Helianthemum Chamcecistus — Rock Rose. In confinement. Acidalia dilutaria (osseata). Polygonum avkulare — Knot-grass. In confinement. Taraxacum officinale — Dandelion. In confinement. Anagallis arvensis — Scarlet Pimpernel. In confinement. Also on moss. Acidalia virgularia. Polygonum aviculare — Knot-grass. In confinement. Taraxacum officinale — Dandelion. In confinement. Acidalia circellata. Polygonum aviculare. Knot-grass. In confinement, Acidalia ornata. Thymus Serpyllum — Thyme. Origanum vulgare — Marjoram. Mentha — Mint. In confinement. Acidalia marginepunctata (promutata). Dianthus Armeria — Deptford Pink. Vicia saliva — Common Vetch. Spiraea Ulmaria — Meadow-sweet. Valeriana officinalis — Great Wild Valerian. Achillea Millefolium — Yarrow ; Milfoil. Plantago — Plantain. Nepeta Glechoma — Ground h-y. Acidalia straminata. Polygonum aviculare — Knot-grass, In confinement. Thymus Serpyllum — Thyme. Chenopodium album — White Goose-foot. Acidalia subsericeata. Polygonum aviculare — Knot-grass. In confinement. Acidalia immutata. Stellaria media — Chickweed. In confinement. Senecio vulgaris — Groundsel. In confinement. Taraxacum officinale — Dandelion. In confinement. Crataegus Oxyacantha — 'Whitethorn. In confinement, after hybernation. Clematis Vitalha — Traveller's joy. In confinement, after hybernation. Ly thrum Salicaria — Purple Loosestrife. Plantago — Plantain. Achillea Millefolium — Yarrow ; Milfoil. Valeriana officinalis — Great Wild Valerian. Spirxa Ulmaria — Meadow-sweet; LARV^ AND FOOD.PLANTS. 63 Acidalia immorata. CaUuna Erica — Ling ; Heather. Acidalia strigaria. (Doubtful British species ; food-plant unknovN'n). Acidalia remutaria. Polygonum avkulare — Knot-grass. In confinement. Rilmex— Dock. On the withered leaves in confinement. Acidalia famata. Erica Tetralix — Cross-leaved Heath, ,, cinerea — Common Purple Heath. Acidalia strigilaria. Clematis Vitalba — Traveller's Joy. Stachys sylvatica — Hedge Wound-wort. Polygonum aviciilare. Knot-grass. In confinement. Taraxacnm officinale — Dandelion, In confinement. Acidalia imitaria Rumex Acetosella — Sheep Sorrel. In confinement. Cytisus (SarothamniisJ scoparius — Broom. Acidalia emutaria. Polygonum aviculare — Knot-grass. In confinement. Silene mariUma — Sea Campion. In confinement. Lotus corniculatus — Bird's-foot Trefoil. In confinement. ,, pilosus — Greater Bird's-foot Trefoil. In confinement. Stellaria media — Chickweed, In confinement. Acidalia aversata. Spircea Ulmaria — Meadow-sweet. Gmm urbanum — Common Avens. „ rivale — Water Avens. Polygonum aviculare — Knot-grass, Also on other plants in hedges, Acidalia inornata. Salix alba — White Willow. On the low shoots and also on various low plants. Polygonum aviculare — Knot-grass. In confinement. Acidalia degenaria. Rubus fruticosus — Bramble. In confinement. Stellaria media — Chickweed. In confinement. Polygonum aviculare — Knot-grass. In confinement. Cratcegus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. In confinement. Lonicera Periclymenum — Honeysuckle, In confinement, Potentilla. In confinement. Acidalia emarginata. Galium verum — Lady's Bedstraw. Convolvulus arvensis — Field Bindweed. 64. ZA/?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. * Acidalia herbariata. Dried Plants. Timandra amataria. Rumex — Dock. „ acetosa — Sorrel. PolygOJium aviculare — Knot-grass. Cabera pusaria. Qiierais Robiir — Oak. Cory his Avellana — Hazel. Alnus gliitmosa — Alder. Betula alba — Birch. Cabera rotundaria. Ahms glutinosa—AXdQr (?). Betula alba — Birch. Cabera exanthemaria. Salix Caprea — (Sallow). „ cinerea — (Sallow). A Inus glutinosa — Alder. Bapta (Corycia) temerata. Priinus Avium — Wild Cherry. „ spinosa — Blackthorn. Bapta (Corycia) bimaculata (taminata). Prunus Avium — Wild Cherry. Aleucis pictana. Prunus spinosa — Blackthorn. Macaria alternata. Salix C(7/?V(Z— (Sallow). Alnus glutinosa — Alder. Macaria notata. Salix Caprea — (Sallow). ,, cinerea — Sallow). Macaria liturata. Piiius — Fir. Halia vauaria (wavaria). Ribes Gro\2.(i\i Medick. Veronica serpyllifolia — Thyme-lea^•ed Speedwell. In confine- ment. Abraxas (Zerene) grossulariata. Prunus spinosa — Blackthorn. Rihes Grossularia — Gooseberry. ,, sanguinem — Flowering Currant. ,, rubrum — Red Currant. Cotyledon Umhilicus — Wall Pennywort. Sedum Tehphium — Orpi ne. Abraxas (Zerene) sylvata (ulmata). Ulinus montana — Wych Elm. „ catnpestris — Elm. Ligdia adustata. Euonymus europceus — Spindle. Lomaspilis marginata. Salix cinerea — (Sallow.) „ Caprea — (Sallow.) Pachycnemia hippocastanaria. Erica Tetralix — Cross-leaved Heath. „ cinerea — Common Purple Heath. Hybernia rupicapraria. Prunus spinosa — Blackthorn. Cratcrgus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. Quercus Robiir — Oak. Hybernia leucophaearia. Acer Pseudo-platanus — Sycamore. Quercus Robur — Oak. LARV^ AND FOOD-PLANTS. 67 Hybernia aurantiaria. Cratcvgus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. Betula alba — Birch. Carpinics Betulus — Hornbeam. Quercus Robur — Oak. Hybernia marginaria (progemmaria). Betula alba — Birch. Carpinus Betulus — Hornbeam. Quercus Robur — Oak. Hybernia defoliaria. Pninus spinosa- — -Blackthorn. CraliTgus Oxyacantha — \Vhitethorn. Ulmus campestris — Elm. Carpinus Betulus — Hornbeam. Corylus Avellana — Hazel. Quercus Robur — Oak. Anisopteryx aescularia. Tilia vulgaris — Lime. Prunus spinosa — Blackthorn. Cratcsgus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. Ulmus campestris — Elm. Quercus Robur — Oak. Cheimatobia brumata. Prunus spinosa — Blackthorn. Pyrus communis — Pear. „ i^/«/M— Apple. Cratcrgus Oxyacantha — AVhitethorn , Betula alba — Birch. Carpinus Betulus — Hornbeam. Corylus Avellana — ^Hazel. Qtiercus Robur — Oak. Also on many other trees. Cheimatobia boreata. Betula alba— llirch.. Oporabia dilutata. Prunus spinosa — Blackthorn. Cratcvgus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. Carpinus Betulus — Hornbeam. Quercus Robur — Oak. Also on many other trees. Oporabia filigrammaria. Vaccinium Myrtillus — Whortleberry ; Bilberry. Call una Erica — Ling ; Heather. F 2 68 LARVA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Oporabia filigrammaria — continued. Erica Tetralix — Cross-leaved Heath. „ cinerea — Common Purple Heath. Salix Caprea — (Sallow.) „ cinerea — (Sallow.) Oporabia autumnaria. Be till a rt//w— Birch. Larentia didymata. Anemone neniorosa — Wood Anemone. Chcrrophylliiin temulnin — Roug^h Chervil. Ant/inscus svlvesfris — Hare's Parsley. Vacciniu/n Alyrlillus — Whortleberry ; Bilbeny. Larentia multistrigaria. Galium verum — Lady's Bedstraw. Asperula odorata — Sweet Woodruff. In confinement. Also on other Galia. Larentia caesiata. Vaccininm Vitis-Idcea — Cow-berry. „ Myrtillus — Whortleberry ; Bilberry. In confine- ment. Salix alha — White Willow. In confinement. Calluna Erica — Ling ; Heather. Erica Tetralix — Cross-leaved Heath. „ cinerea — Common Purple Heath. Larentia flavicinctata. Saxifraga granulata — White Meadow Saxifrage. ,, hypnoides — ^Mossy Saxifrage. „ aizoides — Yellow Mountain Saxifrage, Calluna Erica — Ling ; Heather. Larentia salicata. Galium verum — Lady's Bedstraw. Asperula odorata — Sweet Woodruff. In confinement. Also on other Galia. Larentia olivata. Galiian Mollugo — Hedge Bedstraw. Larentia viridaria (pectinitaria). Galium Mollugo — Hedge Bedstraw. „ sexatile — Heath Bedstraw. Emmelesia aflfinitata (rivulata). Lychnis alba — Evening Campion. On the seeds. „ diurna — Red Campion. On the seeds. „ Flos-citculi — Ragged Robin. On the seeds. LARV^ AND FOOD-PLANTS. 69 Emmelesia alchemillata. Galeopsis Ladammi — Red Hemp Nettle. On the seeds. ,, Tetvahit — Hemp Nettle. On the seeds. Emmelesia albulata. Rhinanthus Crista-galli — Yellow Rattle. On the seeds. Emmelesia decolorata. Lychnis ditirna — Red Campion. On the seeds. Emmelesia taeniata. (Food-plant at present unknown). Emmelesia unifasciata. Barlsia Odontites — Red Bartsia. Emmelesia minorata (ericetata). (Food-plant at present unknown). Emmelesia adaequata (blandiata). Euphrasia officinalis — Eye-bright. Eupithecia venosata. Silene Cucuhalus — White Campion. On the seeds. „ maritijna — Sea Campion. On the seeds. ,, gallica — English Catchfly. On the seeds. „ acaulis — Moss Campion. On the seeds. „ nutans — Nottingham Catchfly. On the seeds. Lychnis diurna — Red Campion. On the seeds. Eupithecia consignata. Pyrus communis — Pear. „ Mains— Apple. Eupithecia linariata. Linaria vulgaris — Yellow Toad-flax. On the flowers and seeds. Eupithecia oblongata (centaureata), Pimpinella Saxifraga — Common Burnet Saxifrage. On the flowers. „ major — Great Burnet Saxifrage. On the flowers. Silaus pratensis — Meadow Saxifrage. On the flowers. Scabiosa Columbaria — Small Scabious. On the flowers. Eupatorium cannabinum — Hemp Agrimony. On the flowers. Solidago Virgaiirea — Golden-rod. Achillea Millefolium — Yarrow ; Milfoil. Senecio vulgaris — Groundsel. On the flowers. „ erucifolius — Hoary Ragwort. On the flowers. „ Jacobcea — Ragwort. On the flowers. Centaurea nigra — Knap-weed. On the flowers. Campanula glomerata — Clustered Bell-flower. On the flowers. 70 IAJ?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Eupithecia pulchellata. Dic^nta/is purpurea — P'oxglove. On the flowers. Eupithecia succentauriata. Achillea millefoliiun — Yarrow ; Milfoil. Artemisia Absinthium — Common Wormwood. On ihe flowers. „ vulgaris — Mugwort. Senecio J^flcO(5a?a— Ragwort. On the flowers. Anthemis nobilis — Chamomile. Eupithecia subfulvata. A(hilh-a Millefolium— Ym-vow ; Milfoil. Eupithecia scabiosata (subumbrata). Daucus Carota — Wild Carrot. Galium Mollugo — Hedge Bedstraw. Scahiosa arvensis — Field Scabious. On the flowers. Centaurea nigra — Knap-weed. On the flowers. Lcontodon hispidus — Rough Hawk-bit. On the flowers. Gentiana Atnazella — Autumnal Gentian. On the flowers. „ campestris — Field Gentian. On the flowers. Origanum vulgare — Marjoram. On the flowers. Prunella vulgaris — Self-heal. On the flowers. Eupithecia pernotata. Soluiago Virgaurea — Golden-rod. Eupithecia plumbeolata. Melampyruin pratcnse — Cow-wheat. On the flowers. Eupithecia isogrammaria (haworthiata). Clematis Vitalha — Traveller's Joy. In the flower-buds. Eupithecia pygmaeata (palustraria). Cerastutm arvense — Field Mouse-ear Chickweed. Stellaria Llolostea — Greater Stitchwort. On the flowers. Eupithecia helveticaria. Juniperus communis — Juniper. Eupithecia helveticaria v. (.'") arceuthata. Juniperus communis — Juniper. Eupithecia egenaria. (Food-plant unknown ; abroad on Tunica saxifraga'), Eupithecia satyrata. ILypericum perforatum — Perforated St. John's Wort. On the flowers. Galium Mollugo — Hedge Bedstraw. Scabiosata succisa — Devil's-bit Scabious. On the flowers. ,, arvensis — Field Scabious. On the flowers. Centaurea nigra — Knap-weed. On the flowers. Leontodon hispidus — Rough Hawk-bit. On the flowers. LARV.-E AND FOOD-PLANTS. 71 Eupithecia satyrata — continued. Gentiana Amarella — Autumnal Gentian. On the flowers. „ campestris — Field Gentian. On the flowers. Origanum vulgare — Marjoram. On the flowers. Prunella vulgaris — Self-heal. On the flowers. Eupithecia castigata. Silene cucubalus — White Campion. On the seeds. P0I3'- pha^ous. Senecio Jacolwa — Ragwort (?). Feeds on nearly every tree, shrub and plant. Eupithecia jassioneata. Jasione montana — Sheep's Scabious. Eupithecia trisignaria. Angelica sylvestris — Wild Angelica. On the flowers. Eupithecia virgaureata. Pimpinella Saxifraga — Common Burnet Saxifrage. On the flowers. „ major — Great Burnet Saxifrage. On the flowers. Solidago Virgau rea — Golden-rod. Senecio Jacobcea — Ragwort. On the flowers. „ palustris — Marsh Flea-wort. In confinement. Eupithecia fraxinata. Fraxinus excelsior — Ash. Eupithecia extensaria. Artemisia Absinthium — Common Wormwood. On the flowers. Eupithecia pimpinellata. Pimpinella Saxifraga — ^Common Burnet Saxifrage. On the flowers. Eupithecia valerianata (viminata). Valeriana officinalis — Great Wild Valerian. On the flowers. Eupithecia pusillata. Juniperus communis — Juniper. Eupithecia irriguata. Quercus Robur — Oak. Fagus sylvatica — Beech. Eupithecia campanulata (denotata). Campanula Trachelium — Canterbury Bells. On the seeds. Also on most Campanulas. Eupithecia innotata. Artemisia Absinthium — Common Wormwood. On the flowers. 73 LARVA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Eupithecia indigata. Juniperns communis — Juniper. Pinus-Wxx. Also on Cypress. Eupithecia constrictata. Thymus Serpyllmn — Tliyme. On the flowers. Eupithecia nanata Calluna Erica— Ling ; Heather. Erica Tetralix — Cross-leaved Heath. „ cinerea — Common Purple Heath. Eupithecia subnotata. Chenopodiiim F«&ar;a — Stinking Goose-foot ; Orach. On the flowers and seeds. ■ „ album — White Goose-foot. On the flowers and seeds. ,, Bonui-Henrkus — Good King Henry. On the flowers and seeds. Beta maritima — Beet. A triplex patula — 'Orach. „ laciniata — Sea Orach. Eupithecia vulgata. Crataegus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn. Solidago \ 'irgaurea — Golden-rod. Senecio Jacobcea — Ragwort (?). Salix rt/^rt— White Willow. Eupithecia albipunctata. Angelica sylvestris — Wild Angelica. On the flowers. Heracleum Spliondylium — Cow-parsnep. On the flowers. Eupithecia expallidata. Solidago Virgaurea — Golden-rod. Senecio Jacobcea — Ragwort. On the flowers. Eupithecia absinthiata. Eupatorium cannabinum—Yie.m'p Agrimony. On the flow- ers. Solidago Virgaurea — Golden-rod. Achillea Millefolium — Yarrow ; Milfoil. Tanacetum vulgare — Tansy. Artemisia Absinthium— Common Wormwood. On the flow- ers. „ vulgaris — Mugwort. On the flowers. Senecio vulgaris — Groundsel. On the flowers. „ erucifolius — Hoary Ragwort. On the flowers. „ Jacobcea — Ragwort. On the flowers. LARV^ AND FOOD-PLANTS. 73 Eupithecia minutata. Scabiosa succisa — Devil's-bit Scabious. On the flowers. Calluna Erica- — Ling ; Heather. Erica Tetralix — Cross-leaved Heath. „ cinerea—Commor\ Purple Heath. Eupithecia assimilata. Rihes nigrum— VA-xcV Currant. Humitlus Lupulus — Hop. Eupithecia tenuiata. Salix cinerea — (Sallow). ,, G^/rm— (Sallow). Eupithecia subciliata. Acer campestre — Maple. On the flowers . Eupithecia lariciata. Pinus abies — Spruce Fir. Larix Eiiropoca — Larch. Eupithecia abbreviata, Querciis Robiir — Oak. Eupithecia dodoneata. CratcEgus Oxyacantha — ■Whitethorn. Querciis Robur — Oak. Eupithecia exiguata. Berberis vulgaris — Barbary. Cratcvgus Oxyacantha — Whitethorn . Ribes nigrum — Black Currant. Fraxinus excelsior— S.%h. Alnus glutinosa — Alder. Salix cinerea — (Sallow.) ,, Caprea — (Sallow.) Eupithecia ultimaria. Tamarix gallica — Tamarisk. Eupithecia sobrinata. Juniperus communis — Juniper. Eupithecia togata. Pinus abies — Spruce Fir. In the cones. Eupithecia pumilata. Clematis Vitalba — Traveller's Joy. On the flowers. Anthriscus sylvestris — Hare's Parsley. On the flowers. Convolvulus arvensis — Field Bindweed. Eupithecia coronata. Clematis Vitalba — Traveller's Joy. On the flowers. Angelica sylvestris — Wild Angelica. On the flowers. Eupatorium cannabinum —Htm^ Agrimony. On the flowers. Solidago Virgaurea — Golden-rod. 74 IAJ?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Eupithecia rectangulata. Pyrus communis— ]?\.'a.. Polia xanthomista. — Newm. Eupithecia venosatu. — Ent. xviii. III., Sta. On the seeds. Lychnis alba : Evening Campion. — 94. Macroglossa fuciformis. — Newm. Dianthcecia nana (conspersa'). — Ent. xvi. 248. On the seeds. „ capsincola. — Ent. xvi. 248, Newm. On the seeds. „ cucuhali. — Ent. xvi. 248. On the seeds. „ carpophaga. — Ent. xvi. 248. On the seeds. Helwthis dipsacea. Emmelesia affinitata. — Sta. On the seeds. Lychnis diurna : Red Campion. — iii. Macroglossa fuciformis. — Newm. Dianthcecia nana {conspersa'). — Ent. xvi. 248. On the seeds. „ albimacula. — Ent. Mag. xi. 16. In confinement. On the seeds. „ capsincola. — Ent. xvi. 248, Sta. On the seeds. ,. cucubali. — Ent. xvi. 248. On the seeds. ,, carpophaga. — Ent. xvi. 248. On the seeds. Emmelesia decolorata. — Sta. On the flowers. „ affinitata.— Sia.. On the seeds. Eupithecia venosata. — Newm. On the seeds. Lychnis Flos-cuculi : Ragged Robin. — iii. Macroglossa fuciformis. — Newm. Diantha^cia fiana (conspersa'). — Newm., Sta. On the seeds. „ cucuhali. On the seeds. Emmelesia affinitata. Sta. On the seeds. Lychnis Githago : CoRN-COCKLE.— 97. Trypluvna pronuha. — Ent. Mag. xvii. 135. Cerastium glomeratum : Mouse-ear Chickweed. — no. Heliaca {Heliodes) tenebrata (arbuii). Ent. Mag. xix. 39. Cerastium arvense : Field Mouse-ear Chickweed. — 69. Heliaca {Heliodes') tenebrata (arbuti). — Newm., Sta. Eupithecia pygmceata. — Ent. xviii. 145. Stellaria Holostea : Greater Stitchwort.— 106. Eupithecia pygnurata. — Ent. xviii. 143, Ent. Mag. ix. 42 ; ix. 65. On the flowers. 85 IA/?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Stellaria media : Chickweed.— 112. Aictia villica. — Newm. Spiloioma mendica. — Newm. Leucania lithargyria. — Sta. ,, albipunda, Xylophasia hepatica. — Newm. Aporophyla australis. — Ent. Mag. vi. 13. Caradrina alsines. — Newm., Sta. „ taraxaci (hlandd). — Newm. „ quadripunctata {cuhicularis). — Sta. Agroth aquilina. — Newm. „ prcrcox. — Newm. Tryphctna comes (orbond). — Newm. Tryplurna pronnha. Nociua stigmatica {j-homboidea). — Newm. Mania maiira. — Sta. Folia flavicinda (^flavodnda'). — Newm., Sta. Epunda nigra. — Sta. Hadena genistcr. — Newm. In confinement. Melanippe unangulata. — Newm. Coremia ferrugata. — Sta. Cidaria picata. — Newm. In confinement. Addalia cotttiguaria. — Ent. xi. 242. ,, trigeminata. In confinement. „ immuiata. In confinement. ,, emutaria. In confinement. „ degenaria. In confinement. Arenaria peploides : Se.a. Sandwort. —68. Agrotis cursoria. — Ent. Mag. i.x. 14. Arenaria (Cherleria) sedoides : Mossy Cvphel.— 8. Zygcena exiilans. — Buckl. Arenaria : Sandwort. Heliothis peltigera. — Newm . , S ta . Lepigonum (Spergularia) rubrum : Purple Sandwort. Heliothis peltigera. — New m . , Sta. Tamarix gallica : Tamarisk. Eicpithecia ultimaria. Hypericum perforatum : Perforated St. John's Wort.— 97- Cloantha pohodon (^perspicillaris'). Newm., Sta. Also on other Hyperica. Eupitheda satyr ata. — Sta. On the flowers. Anaitis plagi'ita — Newm., Sta. Also on other Hyperica. FOOD-PL A NTS AND LAR V.-E. 87 Malva sylvestris : Mallow — 96. Vanessa carditi. — Buck). Tryphcvna inter jecia. — Ne wm . Eubolia cervinata. — Newm., Sta. Tilia vulgaris : Lime. Smennt/iiis tilice. — Newm., Sta., Buckl, Arctia caia (caja'). — Ent. Mag. .\.\iii. 262. *Laria L-nigrum, — Sta. Dasychira pudibiinda. — Newm. Orgyia antiqua. Pcecilocampa populi. — Sta. Drepana harpagula Qsicula'). — Sta. Phalera biicephala. — Newm., Sta. A crony eta p si. „ alni. — Sta. Xanthia citrago — Newm., Sta., Eat. xii. 163. Xylitia soda (petrificata').— 'Sewm., Sta. Asteroscopus sphinx (cassinea'). — Sta. Bislon hirtaria. — Newm. Amphidasys b(tularia.~-'^QYim. A nisopteryx wscularia. — Newm. Cidaria siterata (^psittacata'). — Sta. ,, corylata. — Sta. Tilia cordata (parvifolia). Drepana harpagula {siculd). — Buck!. Erodium cicutarium : Hemlock Stork's-bill. — 99. Lyccrna aslrarche {jnedon'). — Newm., Sta. Impatiens Noli-tangere : Do-NOT-touch-me. — 24. Sphinx convulvuli. — Sta. Hadena rectilinea. — Ent. Mag. xxii. yl. Cidaria reticulata. ' Tropaeolum majus : (Not British), Pieris brassicce. — Buckl. „ rapce. — Buckl. Melanippe fiuctiiata. — Newm. Tropaeolum canariense : (Not British.) Pieris rapis. — Buckl. Ilex Aquifolium : Holly. — loi. Lyccrna argiolus. — Buckl., Newm., Sta. On the flowers and berries. Sphinx ligustri. — Buckl, (Albin), Ent. ix. 275. Lobophora viretata. — Ent. x. gS ; xix. 255 ; xx. 261. Euonymus europaeus : Spindle. — 71. Boarrnia repandata. — Sta. Ligdia adustata. — Newm., Sta. 88 LARVA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Rhamnus catharticus : Buckthorn.— 55. Goncpteryx rhnmni. — Newm., Sta., Buckl. Lycirna argiolus. Lithosia lurideola {complamtla). — Buckl. "Said to feed on lichen." Lasiocanipa quercifolia. — Ent. xiii. 185. Tripliosa dubitata. — Newm., Sta. Scotosia vetulata. — Newm. „ rhaniyiata. — Newm. Rhamnus Frangula : Alder Buckthorn.— 58. Gonopteryx rhanmi. — Newm., Sta., Buckl. Lyccrna argiolus. — Buckl., Sta. Lithosia liirideohi {complanuld). — Buckl. Lobophora viretata. — Ent. x. 98. Acer Pseudo-platanus : Svcamore. Zeuzera pyriiia {crsculi). In the wood. Lophopteryx cuciilla {cucitllina). — Buckl. Ptilophora plumigera.— Y.x\\.. Mag. ix. 248. Notodonla dictceoides. — Buckl. Acronycta aceris. — Newm., Sta. Eugonia (^Ennomos) autiimnaria {aeniuria^. Atnphidasys betidaiia. — Ent. xix. 254. Zonosoma QEphyra) annulata {oniicronarid). — Ent. x. 137. Hyhernia leucophcearia. Lobophora viretata — Ent. x. 98. Acer campestre : Maple. -62. Ptihphora pliimigera. — Newm., Sta., Buckl., Ent. Mag. vii. 210. Lophopteryx camelina. — Newm. ,, cuculla (cucullina') — Newm., Sta., Buckl. Zonosoma {Ep/ivra) annulata (omicronaria). — Newm., Sta., Ent.x. 137. Asthena luteata. — Ent. Mag. xxiii. 109. Eupilhecia subciliata. — Newm., Ent. Mag. ix. 16. On the .ffisculus Hippocastanum : Horse Chestnut. Zeuzera pyrina (crsculi). — Sta. Acronycta aceris. — Newm., Sta. Vitis vinifera : Vine. Deilephila livornica. — Newm., Sta. ChcErocampa celerio. — Buckl., Newm., Sta. „ elpenor. — Buckl., Sta. in confinement. * ,, nerii. ,, porcellus. — Ent. xii. 250. FOOD-PLANTS AND LARV.'E. 89 Genista anglica : Needle Furze.— 86. Pseudoterpna pniinata {cxtisaria). — Xewm , Sta., Ent. x. 74-. Eiiboha plumhana {^paliimharid). — Newm. Genista tinctoria: Dyer's Green-weed.— 73. Thfcla ;-;//./— Buckl. Dasydia ohfuscaria {phfuscata). — Xewm., Sta. Cytisus (Sarothamnus) scoparius : Broom. — 109. Theda ruhi. — Buckl., Ent. iMag. vii. 232. Bnmbyx trifolii. — Sta. Nodiia glareosa. — Newm. Hadena phi. — Newm., Sta. ,, thalassina. — Sta. A ngerona prunaria. — Newm . Pseudoterpna pniinata (cvtisaria'). — Newm., Sta. A cida ha im it aria .■ — N e w m . Fidonia limharia (conspicuata'). — Newm., Sta. Aspilates strigillaria. — Sta. Eiibolia plumbaria (J)alumbarid). — Newm. * ,, mceniala. — Newm., Sta. Chesias spartiata. — Newm., Sta., Ent. Mag. vii. 261. ,, rufata {obliqiiaria'). — Newm., Sta., Ent. Mag. vii. 261, Ononis spinosa : Rest-harroav. — 69. Lyccrna icarus {alexis'). — Newm., Buckl., Ent. Mag. iii. '91. Calocampa exoleta. — Newm. Heliothis umbra (tnarginatits^. — Newm., Sta. „ peltigera. — Newm., Sta. „ dipsacea. — Ent. Mag. xi. 257. On the flowers and seeds. Aplasia ononaria. — Newm. Addalia ochrata. Ulex europaeus : FtrRZE ; Gorse. — no. Pseudoterpna pniinata {cytisaria~) . — Ent. x. 74- Medicago sativa : Lucerne. Colias hyale. — Buckl., Newm., Sta. „ edusa. Bombyx trifolii. — Sta. Strenia dathrata. — Sta. Medicago lupulina : BLACK Medick. — lOO. Colias hyaU. — Buckl., Ent. vi. 232. In confinement. Zygctiia exulans. — Buckl. In confinement. Nola centonalis. — Ent. xiii. 43 ; xv. 41., Buckl. Aspilates gilvaria. — Ent. Mag. viii. 1 16. 90 ZAJ?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Melilotus arvensis : Melilot. Lyccrna sejniarf;its (ads'). Bomhyx trifolii. — Sta. Euclidia mi. — Newm. Trifolium pratense : Purple Clover.— 112, Colias liyale. — Newm. „ editsa. — Newm. Lyccena icarus {alexis'). — Sta. „ corydon. — Newm. Zygcvna exu/ans. — Buckl. In confinement. „ filipendulcr. — Buckl. „ /onicercv. — Buckl., Newm. A'o/a centonalis. — Ent. .\iii. 43 ; xv. 235., Buckl. On the flowers. Lilhosia griseola. — Buckl. „ caniola. — Buckl. Bomhyx trifolii. — Newm., Sta. Agro'tis saucia. — Newm. ,, nigricans. — Newm. Tceniocampa gothica. — Sta. Euclidia mi. — Sta. Trifolium dubium. — 100. Nola centonalis. — Buckl. On the flowers. Trifolium ochroleucon. — 11. Zygcrna pilosellcp {minos'). — Newm., Sta. Calocampa vetusta. Trifolium repens : Dutch Clover. — 112. Colias hyale. — Newm. „ edusa. — Newm. Lyccrna icarus (alexis'). — Sta. ,, bellargus (adonis). ,, corydon. — Newm. Zygivna exulans. — Buckl. In confinement. ,, Jilipenduliv. — Buckl. ,, lonicercE. — Buckl., Newm Nola centonalis. — Ent. xiv. 226., Buckl. On the flowers. Lithos'ia caniola. — Buckl., Newm. „ griseola. — Buckl. Bomhyx trifolii. — Newm., Sta. Ap-otis saucia. — Newm. „ nigricans. — Newm. Twniocampa gothica. — Sta. Euclidia glyphica. — Newm. Strenia clathrata. — Ent. ix. 1 79. FOOD-PLANTS Ah'D LARV.E. 91 Trifolium procumbens : Hop Trefoil. — loi. Zygcena trifolii. — Newm., Sta. „ nieliloti. Nolii cenionalis. — Ent. xiii. 43., Buckl. Its proper food. Calocampa vetusta. — Newm. Trifolium filiforme. — 61. Nola centonalis. — Ent. .xiii. 43. Anthyllis Vulneraria : Lauv's Fingers ; Kidney Vetch. —105. Lyccena corydon. — Newm., Sta. „ minima (jilsus). — Newm., Buckl., Ent. Mag. ill. 205 ; vii. 186 ; X. 43. On the flowers. Lotus corniculatus : Birds-foot Trefoil.— 112. Co lias hyale. — Newm. „ ediisa. — Buckl. Leucophasia sinapis. — Sta. Lyccena icariis (alexis). — Sta., Buckl. „ corydon. — Newm. Nisoniades tagis. — Buckl., Newm., Sta., Ent. Mag. vi. 233. Hesperia comma. — Newm. Sesia ichneumoniformis. — Buckl, Ent. Mag. vi. 90. In the roots. Zygcena pilosellce (jninoi). — Newm., Sta. „ exidans. — Ent. Mag. xx. 15c, Buckl. In confine- ment. ,, meliloti. „ trifolii. — Newm., Sta., Buckl. „ loniccrce. — Buckl., Sta. „ filipendulce. — Buckl., Newm. Nola centonalis. — Ent. xiii. 43., Buckl. Lithosia caniola. — Newm. Xylomiges conspicillaris. — Newm., Sta., Ent, Mag. xii. 83. Nyssia zonaria. — Ent. xxii. 187. Selidosema ericetaria Qplitmaria'). Acidalia riibiginata (ruhricala'). In confinement. ,, emutaria. In confinement. Ematurga atomaria. — Newm., Sta. Aspilates ochrearia (ciCraria'). — Newm, Eubolia plumbtria Qpalumbaria'). ,, bipunctaria. — Newm. Lotus pilosus : Greater Bird's-foot Trefoil. — 100. Leucophasia sinapis. — Sta. Lyccena argiades. — Ent. xviii. 249. Acidalia rubiginata (j-ubricata'). In confinement. „ emutaria. In confinement. 92 lA/iVA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Lotus pilosus — continued. Einatiirga atoniaria. — Newm., Sta. Aspila/es ochrearia {citrariti). — Newm. Ornithopus perpusillus : Bird's-foot. — 83. Lycttna cegon. — Buck!., Newm. „ icarus {alexis). — Buckl. Hesperia comma. — Newm. Hippocrepis comosa : Horse-shoe Vetch.— 45. Lyccena bellargiis {adofiis). — Buckl. „ corydon — Ent. Mag. xi. 113 ; iii. 70 ; iii. gi. Zygcpiia pilose/Ice {minos). — -Newm., Sta. ,, trifolii. — Newm., Sta. ,, lonicercv. — Sta. Onobrychis viciaefolia (sativa) : Saint-foin. — 27. Zygccna filipendulcc . — Buckl. Slj-eiiia clathrata. — Sta. Vicia Cracca : Tufted Vetch.— 112. Lencophasia sinapis. — Newm., Sta. Toxocainpa pastinuin. — Newm., Sta. Vicia sylvatica : Woon Vetch. — 72. Toxocainpa cracca". — Newm. Vicia sativa: Common Vetch. Dasydia ohfuscaria (ohfuscaid). — Newm., Sta. Acidalia marginepunctata {pronmtata^ — Sta. Lathyrus (Orobus) pratensis : Me.\dow Vetchling. — 109. Zygcvna lonicercr. — Buckl, Lathyrus (Orobus) tuberosus : Tuberous Bitter Vetch. Lencophasia sinapis. — Newm., Sta. Lathyrus (Orobus) sylvestris : Everlasting Pea.— 60. Leucophasia sinapis. — Sta. Polia flavicincta. — Ent. Mag. ix. 248. Colutea arborescens : Bladder Senna. (Not British). Lyccena hcetica. — Newm., Ent. xii. 83. In the pods. Robinia Pseud-acacia : Acacia. Orgyia antujua. — Buckl. ■ Amphidasys betularia. — Newm. Prunus spinosa : Blackthorn.— 103. Aporia cratcvgi. — Sta. Tliecla priini. — Newm., Sta. „ betiilcE. — Buckl., Newm., Sta. Smerinthus ocellatus. FOOD-PLANTS AND LARV.'E. Prunus spinosa — continued. Nola cucidlatella. — Newm., Sta. Porthesia chrysorrhcea. — Newm., Sta., Ent. Mag. viii. i8. Ocneria dispar. — Newm. Orgyia gonostigma. ,, antiquiJ. Trichiura cratccgi. — Newm., Sta. Eriogaster lanestris. — Sta. Lanocatnpa qiiercifolia. — Newm., Sta. Saturnia pavonia {carpini). — N ewm. Cilix glaucata (jpimda). — Sta Demas coiyli. — Sta. Acronycta tridens. — Newm. ,, strig.jsa. — Sta. Noctiia augur. — Ent. xi. 269. Tiyp/tcrna iantkina. — Ent. xi. 269. Tceniocampa incerta {instabilis'). — Sta. Orthosia lota.—Y.wi. xxii. 1 3 1. Cerastis spadicea. — Newm., Sta. Valeria oleagina. — Newm., Sta. Miselia oxyacanthce. — Newm., Sta. Xylomiges conspicillaris. — Ent. xvi. 132. Uropteryx samhucaria ^samhucata'). — Ent. xiii. 140. Rumia luteolata {cratoegata). — Newm., Sta. A ngerona prunaria. — Newm. Selenia lunaria. — Newm., Sta. Crocallis elitiguaria. — Newm., Sta. Boarmia repandata. — Sta. Tephrosia crepuscularia. — Ent. xix. 159. Asthena sylvata. — Ent. xii. 296. Bapta tenierata. — Newm., Sta. A leucis pictaria. — Newm. Abraxas grossulariata. — Newm., Sta. Hybernia rupicapraria. — Newm., Sta. ,, dejfoliaria. — Newm., Sta. Anisopteryx cBsciilaria. — Newm., Sta. Cheimatobia brumata. Oporabia dilutata. — Newm. Melanthia bicolorata {rubiginata). — Newm. Cidaria corylata. — Newm., Sta. Prunus : Plum. Aporia crafcrgi. — Sta. Nola cucidlatella. — Newm. Zeuzera pyrina (jesculi). — Newm. In the wood. Ocneria dispar. — Newm. Dasychira fascelina . — Newm. 94 I.A/?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Pru nus — continued. Orgyia antiqua. Bombyx neustria. Phalera bucephala. A cj'onycta psi. Diloba cceritleocephala. Mania typica. — Newm. Before hybernation. Tceniocampa ttiiinda. — Newm. DasychuTHpa riibiginea. — Ent. Mag. v, 2o6. In confinement. Calymnia pyralina. — Newm., Sta. Catocala nupta. — lint. xv. 133 A ngerona pninaria. — Sta. Seknia bHufiaria (illunaria ) . — Sta. Eugonia (^Ennomos) aiituiiinaria (alniariii). — Newm. In con- finement. Bis ton hirtaria. — Newm. Boarmia repandata, — Newm. „ gemmaria (jliomboidaria'). — Newm., Sta. Tephrosia biunditlaria. — Newm. In confinement. Acidalia riibiginata (rubi'icata'). Prunus Avium : Wild Cherrv. — 90. Vanessa polychloros. — Newm. Acronycta alni. — Ent. Mag. .x.x. 82. Bapta tenierata. — Newm., Sta. „ taminata. — Newm. Spiraea Filipendula : Dropwort. — 61. Xanthia aurago. — Ent. xii. 297. Spiraea Ulmaria : Meadow-sweet. — 112. Callimorpha dominula. — Ent. xiii. 172. Satitrnia pavonia (carpini'). — Ent. xiii. 172, Ent. Mag. xvii. 124. Taeniocampa gracilis. — Ent. xvi. 199. Anchocehs litura. — Newm. Acidalia marginepunctata {promutata'). — Ent. xiv. 212. (?). „ aversata. — Newm. „ immutata. — Ent. xiv. 212. Rubus fruticosus : Bramble Thecla riibi. — Newm., Sta. Syi-ichthus vialviv {alveolus). — Buckl., Newm., Ent. Mag. xi 236. Bombyx rubi. — Newm. Thyatira derasa. — Newm., Sta. „ batis. — Newm., Sta. Acronycta auricoma. — Newm., Sta., Ent. Mag. iii. 261. Nocttta iriangulum, „ dahhi. In confinement. FOOD-PLANTS AND LARV^. 95 Rubus fruticosus — continued. Anchocelis litiira. — Ent. Mag. ix. 39. Hadena rectilinea. — Sta. Aplecta occulta. — Ent. Mag. xii. 66. In confinement. Erastria veniatida — Ent. xvi. 164. On the flowers. „ fasciana {^fuscula). — Newm., Sta. Uropteryx sambucaria (sambiicata). — Sta. Boarmiii repandata. — Sta., Ent. xi. 268. Nemoria viridata. — Sta. Acidalia bisetata. — Ent. Mag. v. 96. In confinement, on withered leaves. Acidalia degeneraria. — Ent. Mag. ix. 1 1 5. In confinement. ,, riisticata. — Ent, Mag. iii. 259. In confinement, on withered leaves. Melanthia albicillata, — Newm., Sta. Rubus Idaeus : Raspberry.— 105. Syrichthus tnalvoe (alveolus'). — Newm., Sta. Acronycta alni. — Ent. Mag. xx. 82. Erastria fasciana (fuscuhi). — Newm. Za?tclognatha tarsipennalis. — Sta. Melanthia albicillata. — Newm., Sta. Rubus caesius : Dewberry. — 68. Kola «/^«/(7/?5.— Buckl, Ent. ix. 177. Geum urbanum : Common Avens. — 104. Acidalia aversata. — Newm., Sta. Geum rivale : Water Avens. — 90. Acidalia aversata. — Newm. Fragaria vesca.— Wii.D Strawberry. — in. A irony eta rumicis.- — Newm. Noctua Jlanwiatra . Mania maura. — Ne\s'm. Gnophos obscuraria {obsciiratd). — Ent. xiii. 13. Mela?tthia albicillata. — Newm. In confinement. Cidaria truncata (russatd). — Newm. „ immanata. — Newm. Potentilla Fragariastrum : Strawberry-leaved Cinque- foil.— ioi. Syrichthus malvce {alveolus). — Buckl. Epundalutiilenta. — Ent. Mag. vi. 235. In confinement. Potentilla (Sibbaldia) procumbens. — Scotch Cinquefoil. —69 Zygcvna exulans. Buckl. 96 IA/?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING Potentilla reptans : Trailing Tormentil — 89. Tryphirna orbona {siibseqiid). — Ent. Mag. ix. 57. Erastna venustula. — Newm. On the flowers. Aspilates gilvaria. — Ent. Mag. viii. 116. Potentilla Anserina : Silver-weed. — 112. Nola centonalis. — Ent. .xiii. 43. Erastria venustula. — Ent. xvi. 164. On the flowers. Alchemilla alpina : Alpine Lady's Mantle. — 27. Zygcvna exulans. — Ent. Mag. xx. 151., Buckl. Poterium Sanguisorba : Common Salad Burnet. — 70. Ino glohularicE. — Ent. xv. 189. Acosmetia caligirwia, Agro/is ashworthii. — Newm. Gnophos obscuraria, — Newm., Sta. Rosa spinosissima : Burnet Rose.— 90. Bombyx rubi. — Ent. Mag. xxiii. 60. Tceniocampa opima. — Ent. Mag. ix. 21. Anticlea hadiata. — Ent. xiv. 87. Cidariafulvata. Rosa canina : Dog Rose. — no. Acronycta alni. — Ent. Mag. xx. 82. Hemerophila abriiptaria. — (?). Also on cultivated rose. Boarmia gemmaria {rhomboidaria). — (?). Also on cultivated rose. Anticlea badiata. — Newm., Sta. ,, nigrofasciaria (derivata'). — Newm., Sta. Cidaria sitterata Qpsittacata'). — Sta. „ fulvata. — Newm., Sta. Pyrus Aria : White-beam. — 46. Vanessa polychlorus. — Ne wm . Pyrus Aucuparia : Mountain Ash. — 106. Acronycta alni. — Ent. xii. 251. Venusia camhrica (cambricaria') . — Newm. Lobophora viretata. — Ent. xx. 183. Pyrus communis : Pear. — 49. Aporia cratcegi. — Sta. Vanessa polychlorus. — Newm. Sesia myopifortnis. — Newm. In the wood. Zeuzera pyrina (crscuh^. — Newm., Sta. In the wood. Orgyia antiqua. Bombyx neustria. — Sta. Cilix glaucata (^spinula'). Diloba ccrruleocephala. FOOD-PLANTS AND LARV.^. 97 Pyrus communis — continued. Acronyda psi — Nevvm. „ tridens, Cosmia pyralina. — Newm., Sta, Mania typica. — Newm. Crocallis elinguaria. — Newm. Eugonia {Ennomoi) aiitumnaria Qalniariu'), — Newm. Biston hirtaria. — Newm. Ampludasys hetiilaria. — Ent. xix. 253. Cheimatobia briimata. — Newm. Eupithecia consignata . — Newm. „ rectajigulata. — Newm., Sta. In the buds. Pyrus Malus : Apple. Aporia craicvgi. — Ent. xviii. 179., Sta. Chceyocampa elpenor. — Ent. xviii. 18 1. Smerinthus ocellatus. — Newm., Sta., Buckl. Sesia myopi/onnis. — Buckl., Newm., Sta. In the bark and wood. Arctia caia {caja'). — Ent. xvi. 162. Zeuzera pyrina (jrsculi'). — Newm., Sta. In the wood. Porthesia similis {aurifliui). — Sta. Ocneria dispar. — Newm. Psilura monacha. — Sta. Orgyia antigua. Bombyx neustria. — Newm., Sta. Stanropus fagi. — Ent. xv. 89. Acronycta psi. ,, alni. — Ent. x. 254. Dasycampa rubiginea. — Newm. Rumia luteolata (cratirgatn). — Ent. xvi. 162. Crocallis elinguaria. — Newm. Eugonia QEnnonw;') autumnaria Qilniaria'). — Newm. Amphidasys betularia. — Ent. xix. 253. Cheimatobia brumata. — Newm. Eupithecia consignata. — Newm., Sta. ,, rectangulata. — Newm., Sta. Cidaria siterata {psittacatd). — Sta. Crataegus Oxyacantha : Whitethorn. — no. Aporia cratcegi. — Newm., Sta. Nola cucullatella. — Sta., Ent. xii. 164. Spilosoma luhricepeda. — Buckl. Porthesia (Jiparis') chrysorrhcea. — Newm., Sta., Ent. Mag. viii. 18. „ ,, similis {aurifiud). — Newm., Sta. Ocneria dispar. — Newm., Ent. xviii. 263. Orgyia gonostigma. „ antigua, H 98 LAJ?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Crataegus Oxyacantha — continued. Zeiizera pyriyin {cesculi). — Ent. xx. 137. Trkhiura cratcegi. — Xewm., Sta. PiTcilocampa populi. — Sta. Enogaster lanes tr is. — Xewm , Sta. Bomhyx qiierciis. — Buckl., Xewm. „ „ V. calluncs. — Buckl, Ent. Mag. vii. 8S. Saturnia pavoniaicarpmi). — Ent. ix. 186, Ent. Mag. vii. 88. Cilix glaiicata (^spinula). — X'ewm., Sta. A cronycta psi. — X'ewm. ,, tridens. — Xewm. „ alni. — X'ewm. „ strigosa. — X'ewm. „ menyanthidis.— Ent. Mag. vii. 88. In confine- ment. Diloba c(Eriileocephala. — Buckl., X'ewm., Sta. Noctua augur. — X'ewm., Ent. xi. 269. After iiybernation. „ triangulimi. In confinement. „ dahlii. In confinement. „ iobrina. In confinement. „ xanthographa. Tryphana comes {^orbonci). — Xewm. After hybernation. „ ianthina. — Ent. xi. 269. TcBtiiocampa gothica. — Xewm. „ miniosa. — X'ewm. Cerastis spadicea. — Sta. Polia chi. — X'ewm. Miselia oxyacanthce. — X'ewm., Sta. ApUcta nehtilosa. — X'ewm. Calocampa solidaginis. — Ent. Mag. ix. 92. A mphipyra tragopogonis . — X'e w m . Uropteryx sambucaria (sambucata). — Ent. xiii, 40. Rumia liiteolata {cratcegata) — X'ewm., Sta. Crocallis elingicaria. — Sta. Eugenia (^Ennomos') quercinaria (angularid). — Ent. ix. 50. Boarmia repandata. — Ent. xvi. 270. Netnoria viridata.- — Sta. Hemithea strigata (jliymiaria). — Sta. Acicialia contiguarii. — Ent. Mag. iii. 6g. „ trigemitiata. In confinement. ,, immiitata. In confinement. ,, degenaria. In confinement. Hybernia rupicapraria. — Xewm., Sta. ,, aurantiaria. — X'ewm. „ defoliaria. — Xewm., Sta. Anisopteryx cescularia. — Xewm., Sta. Cheimatobia briimata. Oporabia dilutata. — X'ewm. FOOD-PLANTS AND LARV^. 99 Crat aegu s Oxyacantha — continued. Eupithicia viilgata. — Newm. ,, dodoneala. — (?). „ exigunta. — Newm., Sta. Coremia (juadrifasdaria. — Xewm., Sta. Cidaria truncata (j-ussata'). — Xewm. „ dotata (^pyraliatd). — Sta. Saxifraga aizoides. — 32. Larentia JIavicinctata.—'Ent. Mag. xii. 86. ,, cmsiata. — Ent. Mag. xii. 86. Saxifraga granulata : White Meadow Sa.xifrage — 75. Larentia flavicinctiita. — -Xewm., Sta. Saxifraga hypnoides : Mossv Saxifrage. — 46. Larentia flavicinctata. — Sta., Ent. Mag. xii. 5 ; xii. 68, Chrysosplenium alternifolium : Alter x.ate-leaved Gol- den Saxifrage.— 67. Zanclognalha grisealis (jiemoralis'). — Sta. Ribes Grossularia : Gooseberry. Halia vaiiaria (u'avaria). — Xewm., Sta. A hraxas grossiilariata. — Newm. Cidaria prunata. — Newm., Sta. Ribes rubrum : Red Currant. Vanessa c-albuin. — X'ewm , Sta. Sesia tipuliformis. — Buclil., X'ewm., Sta. In the shoots, Halia vauaria (jivavaria'). — Sta. Abraxas grossiilariata. — Sta. Cidaria prunata. — Xewm., Sta. „ associata Qlntata'). — X''ewm., Sta. Ribes nigrum : Black Currant. Sesia tipuliformis. — Buckl , X^^ewm., Sta. In the shoot?. Eupithecia assimilata. — Xewm., Sta. ,, exiguata. — Xewm., Sta. Cidaria prunata. — Xewm., Sta. ,, associata Qdotata'). — Newm., Sta. Ribes sanguinem : Flowering Currant (Xot British). Abraxas grossulariata. — Ent. xix. 255. Cotyledon Umbilicus : Wall Penny-wort. — 53. Abraxas grossulariata. — Ent. xiv. 18. Sedum Telephium : Orpine. — 75. Caradrina morpheus — Ent. Mag. .x. 254. Abraxas grossulariata. — Ent. xiv. 43. Sedum acre : Biting Stonecrop. — 104. Agrotis lucernea. — Newm. H 2 ICO lA/^VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Epilobium angustifolium : Flowering Willow. — 92. Chcvrocampa porcellus. — Ent. xii. 250. Epilobium hirsutum : Great Hairy Willow-herb. — 93. Chcrrocampa celerio. — Ent. xix. 124. „ elpenor. — Buckl., Newm., Sta. ,, porcellus. — Ent. xii. 250. Spilosoma urticce. — Newm. Mania typica. — Sta. Cidaria silaceata. — Newm. Also on othev Epiluliia. Lythrum Salicaria : Purple Loosestrife. — 92. Cliivrocampa elpenor. „ porcellus. — Ent. xii. 250. Saiurnia pavonia (carpini'). Acidalia immutata. Circaea lutetiana : Enchanter's Nightshade.— 97. Clu^rocampa elpenor. — Ent. xv. 234. Cidaria silaceata. — Newm. Pimpinella Saxifraga : Common Burnet Saxifrage.— 99. Zygcena pilosellcv {tnitios) v. nuhigena. — Buckl. Acidalia dimidiata (^scutulata'). — Newm. On the flowers. Eupithecia oblongata (centaur eata). — Newm. On the flow- ers. ,, virgaureata. — Sta. On the flowers. „ pimpinellata. — Newm., Sta. On the flowers. Pimpinella major : Great Burnet Saxifrage.— 50. Eupithecia oblongata (ceniaureata^.—'^tvim. On the flow- ers. „ virgaureata.- — (?). On the flowers. Conopodium (Bunium) denudatum : Common Pig-nut. 104. Tanagra atrata {chirropliyllata'). — Newm. On the blossoms. Chaerophyllum temulum : Rough Chervil.— 97. Larentia didyinata. — Sta. Tanagra atrata {chctrophyllata'). — Sta. Anthriscus sylvestris : Hare's Parsley.— 102. Plusia bractea. — Ent. xv. 21. Acidalia dimidiata (scutulata'). — Newm. On the flowers. Larentia didymata. — Newm. Eupithecia pumilata. — Newm. On the flowers. Silaus pratensis : Meadow Saxifrage.— 65. Eupithecia oblongata (centaureata'). — Newm. On the flowers- FOOD-PLANTS AND LARVM. lo Angelica sylvestris : Wild Angelica. — no. Papilio machaon. — Ent. Magf. xviii. 245., Buckl. Eupithecia alhipunctata. — Newm. On the flowers. ,, irisigtiaria. — Newm., Ent. i.x. 260. On the flowers. „ corona/a. — Xewm. On the flowers. Peucedanum palustre : MiiK Tarsley.— 12. Papilio machaon. — Newm., Sta. Heracleum sphondylium : Cow Parsnep.— no. Papilio machaon. — Ne\\m. Dasypolia templi. — -Newm. Eupithecia alhipunctata. — Newm. On the flowers. Daucus Carota : Wild Carrot. — 106. Chcerocampa celerio. Bombyx castrensis. — Newm., Sta. Aspilates ochearia {citraria~). — Newm. Eupithecia scabiosata {subumbratd). — Ent. xviii. 264. Hedera Helix : Ivy. — iii. Lyccena ar^iolits. — Buckl., Newm., Sta. On the blossoms. Polia Jiavicincta (^flavocincta'). — Ent. xix. 128. Uropteryx sambucaria (sambucata') — Newm., Sta. Boarmia gemmaria (rhomboidaria'). — Ent. xxi. 278 ; Ent. Mag. iii. 20. Acidalia riisticata. In confinement. Lobophora viretata. — Ent. x. 98. Cornus sanguinea : Dog-wood. — 66. Lyccrna argiohis. — Buckl. Sesia andienifui-mis. — Ent. xx. 102., Ent. Mag. x. 161. Lithosia lurideola {complanuld). — Buckl. Sambucus nigra : Elder. — 106. Satiirnia pavonia (caipini'). — Ent. xxii. 17. Gortyna ochracea (^flavago'). — Newm. In the stems. Mamestra persicarice. — Newm . Uropteryx sambucaria {sambucata'). — Newm., Sta. Pericallia \yringaria. — Newm . Eugojiia (^Efinomos') aiitumnaria (alniara). — Newm. Viburnum Opulus : Guelder Rose. — 75. Lobophora viretata. — Ent. x. 98. Lonicera Periclymenum : Honevskckle. — 109. Melitoea aurinia (artemis). — Ent. xvii. 258. Limenitis Sibylla. — Newm., Sta. Macroglossa fucifortnis. — Buckl, Sta., Ent. Mag. v. 226. Cerastis spadicea. — Newm. 102 ZAJ?J\'l COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Lonicera Periclymenum — continued. Polia flaviancta (^flavocincta). — Ent. xix. 92. Hadena porphyrea {satura). — Sta. „ thalassina. — Sta. Xylocampa areola (Jithoriza). — Newm., Sta. Pliisia iota. — Sta. Uropteryx sambiicaria (satnbucata'). — Newm, Crocallis elinguaria. — Newm . Acidalia degenaria. In confinement. Lobophora carpinata Qobiilata'). — Newm. „ polycommata. — Newm., Sta. Anticlea nigrofasciaria {derivata'). — Sta. Rubia peregrina : Madder.— 23. Deilephila galii. Macroghssa stellatarutn. Galium verum : Lady's Bedstraw.— 109. Deilephila galii. — Newm., Sta. „ livornica. — Newm., Sta. Chcerocampa porcellus. — Buckl., Newm., Sta. „ elpenor. — Ent. xviii. 288., Newm. Macroghssa stellatarutn. — Buck!., Xewni. „ fuciformis. — Newm. Agi'otis aquilina. — Sta. „ obelisca. — Newm. Noctua plecta. — Newm. Acidalia ochrata. — Ent. xiii. 306. On the flowers. „ peroclvaria {pchrcaria). On the flowers. In con- finement. ,, eniarginaia. — Sta. Larentia multistrigaria. — Newm., Sta. Also on other Galia. „ salicata. — Newm. Also on other Galia. Melanthia ocellata. — Newm., Sta. Melanippe galiata. — Newm., Sta. Anticlea cucullata {sinuata'). — Newm., Sta., Ent. ix. 232. ,, 7'ubidata.^'^tv/ie>idica.—'Se\\m., Sta. „ lubrkepeda. — Newm. „ vienthastri. Caradrina morpheus. — Newm . „ alsines. — Sta. Xylophasia riirea. — Newm., Sta. Diptetygia scahriuscitla Qpinastri^. — Newm., Sta. Mamestra brassicce. — Newm. Agrotis saucia. — Newm., Sta. „ cinerea. In confinement. „ corticea. — Ent. Mag. viii. 89. In confinement. ,, obscura (j'avida). — Sta. A'octua glareosa. — Newm. ,, umbrosa. — Ent. Mag. viii. 140. In confinement. „ irianguhim. In confinement. „ dahlii. In confinement. ,, di trapezium. In confinement. „ c-nigrum. In confinement. 120 LARVA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Rumex—con^!>i?/e(/. Triphcrna inter jecta. — New m . Mania typica. — Newm., Sta, ,, mama. — Sta. Tcrniocampa gotlnca. — Ent. xix. 273. „ incerta {instahilis). — Newm. Pachnobia ruhricosa. — Newm., Sta. A nchocehs pisiacitia. — Sta, Polta flavicincia (^flavocincta). — Ent. xix. 276. Epunda nigra. — Sta. Aplecta prasi7ia (Jierhida') — Newm. ,, nebiilosa. — Sta. Hadena atriplicis. — Newm., Sta. ,, oleracea. — Newm. Calocampa vetusta. — Newm. Timandra amataria. — Newm., Sta. Sterrha sacraria. — Newm . Rumex crispus : Curled Dock. — 109. Folia chi. In confinement, Rumex pulcher : Fiddle Dock, — 42. Polycmmatus phlceas. — Newm. Aplecta occulta. — Ent. Mag. xii. 66. In confinement. Rumex obtusifoHus: Broad-leaved Dock, — 109. Polyommatus phlceas. — Newm . * II virgaiirecF. — Sta. Rumex aquaticus : — 37. Polyommatus dispar. — Sta. Rumex Hydrolapathum : Water Dock. — 68. Poh'cmmatits dispar. — Newm., Sta. Rumex Acetosa : Sorrel. — 112. Polyommatus phliTas. — Newm., Sta,, Buckl. * „ virgaiirecc. — Sta. Sesia chrysidiformis. — Ent. xvii. 23 ; xx, 105., Buckl. On the roots. Inostatices. — Newm., Sta., Buckl. „ geryon.—Q^. Zvgcvna exulans. — Buckl. In confinement. * Syntomis phegea. Leiicania comma. — Sta. Agi Otis cmerea. Noctua glareosa. — Newm. „ depiincta. — Newm., Sta. Timandra amata7-ia. — Newm. FOOD-PLANTS AND LARV^. 121 Rumex Acetosella : Sheep Sorrel.— 112. Polyommatus phUras. — Newm., Buckl. Sesia chrysidiformis. — Ent. xvii. 23 ; xx. 105 , Buckl. On the roots. Ino geryon. — -Newm. In confinement. „ sta'tices. — Newm. Leucania comma. — Sta. Noctun glareosa . — Newm. ,, depunda. — Newm,, Sta. Eraslria venustula. — (?). Ent. xvi. 138. Acidalia imitaria. — Newm. In confinement. Euphorbia Esula. Agrotis cnrsoria. — Newm., Sta., Ent. Mag. ix. 14. Euphorbia Cyparissias : Cypress Spurge. Deilephtla euphorbicE. — Buck!., Sta., Ent. Mag. xi. 73. Minoa mnyinata Qeuphorbiatd). — Newm. Euphorbia Paralias : Sea Spurge. — 29. Deilephila euphoyhuT.—V>wcV\., Newm., Sta., Ent. Mag. xi. 73. Minoa murinata (/uphorhiatd). — Sta. Euphorbia portlandica : Portland Spurge. — 19. Deilephila euplwrbiiv. — Buckl., Ent. Mag. xi. 73. Euphorbia Peplus : Petty Spurge. — 98. Deilephila euphorliiiT. — Buckl., Ent. Mag. xi. 73. In con- finement. Minoa murinata (^euphorhiaia). — Sta. Mercurialis perennis : Dog's Mercury.— 105. Plusia bractea. — Ent. xiv. 222. Ulmus montana : Wych Elm.— 93. Vanessa polychloros.— Newm. Thecla w-alhum. — Newm., Ent. ix. 158. Acvonycta alni. — -Ent. x. 74 ; xii. 251. Xant'hia gilvago. — Ent. ix. 158 ; xviii. 319. „ circellaris (^ferruginea'). — ^nt.. xviii. 319. Asihena blomeri (^blomeraria). — Ent. Mag. xi. 87. Abraxas sylvata [itlmata'). Ulmus campestris : Elm. Vanessa c-albiun. — Newm., Sta. ,, polychloros. — Newm., Sta. Thecla w-albmn. — Newm., Sta. Smerinthus tilioe. — Newm., Sta., Buckl. Sesia asiliformis (cynipiformis'). — Newm. In the bark. Cosius ligniperda. — Buckl., Newm. In the wood. Zeuzera pyrina {irscuh'). — Newm., Sta. In the wood. Eriogaster lanestris. — Newm. 12:! IAJ?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Ulmus campestns — continued. Phalera hucephala. — Newm. Tivniocampa stabiiis — Sta. ,, munda. — Sta. Cerastis vaccinii. — Newm. Scopelosoma satellitia. — Sta. Xantliia pjlvago. — Newm., Sta., Ent. Mag. iii. 45. On the seeds. Calymnia diffinis. — Newm., Sta. „ affirm. — Newm., Sta. Miselia bhnaculosa. — Sta. A mphipyra pyramidea. — Sta. Asteroscopus nubeculosa. — (?)., Sta. Metrocampa maygaritaria. — Newm. Selenia lunaria. — Sta. Eugonia (Ennomos) quercinaria (jinqulari1z..., Ent. Mag. xii. 140. „ socia (j>etrificatd). — Newm., Sta. semibriinnea. 128 IA/?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Quercus Robur — continued. Agriopis aprilina. — Newm., Sta. Asteroscopus nubeciilosa. — Buckl. ,, sphinx (cassinea). — Newm., Sta. Amphipyra pyramidea. — Newm., Sta. Catephia akhymista. — Newm. Catocala sponsa. — Newm., Sta. ,, promissa. — Sta. Ophiodes hinaris. — Newm., Sta. Zanclognatha einortiialis. Dead leaves preferred. Pechypogon barhalis. — Sta. Brephos parthenias. — Sta. Herminia derivalis. On the dead leaves in confinement. Uropteryx samhucaria {sambucatd). — Sta. Metrocampa margaritaria. — Newm., Sta. Eiirymene dulobraria. — Newm., Sta., Ent. Mag. xi. 158. Selenia liinaria. — Sta. „ tetraliinaria Qi//itsiraria'). —Ent. xxii. 73., Newm., Sta. Odontopera bidentata. — Sta Engonia (^Ennomos) alniaria (Jiliarid). — Newm., Sta. ,, „ aiitumnaria {nlniartd). — Ent. ix. 278. ,, „ erosaria. — Newm., Sta., Ent. Mag. iii. 159. ,, „ qiurcinaria Qingularid). — Newm., Sta. Himera pennaria. — Newm., Sta. Phigalia pedaria (^pilosarid). — Newm., Sta. Nvssia hispidaria. — Newm. Amphidasys straiaria Q prodoinarid). — Newm., Sta. ,, betttlaria. — Newm. Boarmia gemmaria {rhomhoidarid). — Sta, ,, roboraria. — Newm., Sta. „ consortaria. — Newm., Sta. Tephrosia crepusciilaria. — Ent. xix. 268 ; Ent. Mag. viii. 209. „ biundularia. — Newm. ,. consonaria. — Ent. Mag. ix. 17, Phorodesma pustulata (bajularid). — Sta. Hemithea strigata (thymiaria). — Sta. Zonosoma (^Ephyrd) porata. — Sta. ,, (Ephyrd) pundaria. — Newm,, Sta., Ent. Mag. viii. 183. Cabera pusarm. — Newm. Hyhernia rupicapraria. — Newm. „ leucophwaria. — Newm., Sta. ,, aiirantiaria. — Newm., Sta. „ marginaria (^progemmaria). — Sta. „ defoliaria. — Newm. FOOD-PLANTS AND LARV^. 129 Quercus 'Rob-ar—conlimicd. A nisopUryx cescularia. — Newm. Cheimatobia briimatn. — Ent. xxi. 188. Oporahia dibttata. — Newm., Sta. Eiipithecia irriguatn. — Ent. xviii. 109., Ent. Mag. vii. 15 ; viii. 69. ,, ahlirevHita. — Newm., Sta. ,, doJoneata. — Newm., Sta. Cidaria siterata (^psittacata). — Newm., Ent. Mag. xi. 158. „ miata. — Newm., Sta. Castanea sativa : Chestnut. Dasychiya pudihunda. — Newm. Saturnia pavonia {carpini^. — Ent. ix. 160. In confinement. Acronycta alni, — Ent. xii. 270 ; xv. 235., Ent. Mag. xix. 90. Henninia cribralis. On the dead leaves in confinement. Fagus sylvatica : Beech. — 64. Hyloplnia prasinana. — Sta. Nola confitsalis {cristulalis). — Ent. Mag. xvii, 169. Heterogenea limacodes {Jestiido). — Sta. ,, asella {asellus). — Buckl., Sta., Ent. Mag. x. 70. * Laria l-nigriim (v-nigruni). — Sta. Drepana (^Platypteryx) cuUraria {jtiiguiculii). — Newm., Sta, Dicranura biciispis. — Sta. „ furciila. — Ent. xxi. 275. Stauropiisfagi. — Buckl., Sta., Ent. ix. 270, Acronycta alni. — Ent. Mag. xvii. 171. Ort/wsia macUenta. — Newm., Sta. Scopelosoma satellitia. — Sta. Xanthia aurago. — Newm., Sta. Brephos partlienias. — Sta. Angerona priinaria. — Newm. Meti-ocampa margariiaria — Sta. Euryniene dolobraria. — Newm. Selenia tretralunaria {illHstraria'). — Sta. Crocallis elinguaria. — Newm. Eugonia {^Ennomos) autumnaria (alniaria'). — Newm. Ampkidasys betularia. — Ent. xix. 254. Tephrosia consnnaria. — Newm., Sta. Geometra papilionaria. — Sta. Zonosoma linearia {trilineayid). — Sta. Enpithecia irriguata. — Ent. Mag. vii. 1 5. Salix alba : White AVillow. — 85. Vanessa antiopa. — Newm., Sta. ,, polyckloros. — Sta., Ent. xxi. 255. Smerintlms ocellatiis. — Buckl., Newm., Sta. Earias chlorana. — Sta. In the shoots. K 130 ZA/?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Salix 2\\iSi— continued. Cossus ligniperda. — Newm., Sta. In the wood. Leticoma salicis. — Sta. Lasiocampa quercifolia. — Newm., Sta. Saturnia pavonia {carpini'). — Newm. Drepana {^Platypteryx) falcataria (^fakula). — Sta. Dicranura vinula. — Newm., Sta., Buckl, „ fiuxula. — Ent. xviii. 183. Notodonta dictcea. — Sta. „ ziczac. — Buckl. Demas coryli. — Sta. Acroiiycta leporina. — Ent. xix. 133. „ menyanthidis. — Ent. Mag. ix. 43. ,, alni. — Sta. Noctua subrosea. — Ent. Mag. xi. 67. In confinement. Tceniocampa incerta {instabilis). — Sta. ,, gracilis. — Sta. A mphipyra pyramidea. — Sta. Orthosia upsilon. — Newm., Sta. Anchocelis litura. — Sta. Cleoceris viminnlis. — (?). Xylina semibmnnea. Gonoplera libatrix. — Sta., Ent. Mag. vii. 117. Anarta myrtilli. — Ent. Mag. vii. 88. In confinement. Catocala nupta. — Sta. Madopa salicalis. — Sta. Epione apiciaria. — Newm., Sta. Sdetiia bihinaria (Jllunarid). — Newm., Sta. Amphidasys behdaria. — Ent. xix. 254. Tephrosia crepuscularia. — Sta. Acidalia inornata. — Newm. On the low shoots. Scodiona belgiaria. — Ent. xvii. 5. Laientia ccesiata. — Ent. Mag. vii. 88. In confinement. Eupithecia vulgata. — Sta. Lobophora S'.xalisata {sexalata). — Sta. Hypsipetes ruber ata. — Sta. Cidaria populata. — Ent. Mag. vii. 88. In confinement. Salix fragilis : Crack Willow. — 84. Noctua subrosea. — Ent. Mag. xi. 67. In confinement. Orthosia upsilon. — Newm. ,, lota. — Newm. Catocala nupta. — Newm. Salix triandra : Three-stamened Willow. — 63. Sesiaformiciformis. — Buckl., Sta. In the wood. Troclnlium crahroniformis {benibecifoi-mis'). — (?). In the wood. Earias chlorana. — (?). In the shoots. FOOD-PL A NTS A ND LAR V^E. 1 3 1 Salix viminalis : Osiek.— 8c. Vaneisa polychloros. — Ne win . Sesia formiciformis. — Buckl., Newm., Sta. In the wood. Trochiltum crabroniforniis (bembeciforniis). — Newm, In the wood. Earias clilorana. In the shoots. Dicrannra fuixula. — Buckl. Folia c///.— Ent. Mag. i.\. 290. In confinement. Salix cinerea : Sallow. — 102. Theda qiiercus. — Ent. x. 285. — (?). Srmrintlms ocellatus — Buckl., Ent .xiii. 172. ,, popiili. — Sta. Trochilium crabroniformis {bembeciformis). Sta., Ent. Mag. x. 161. In the wood. Sarothripiis undulanns {revayana). — Sta. Ocneria dispar. — Ent. xviii. 243. Dasychira pudibunda. — Ent. xxii. 151. Orgyia antiqua. — Buckl. In confinement, ,, gonostigma. — Ent. xii. 106. Trichiura cratcegi. — Sta. Lasiocampa ilicifolia. — Sta. Dicranura fiircula. — Buckl., Newm. ,, vinitla. — Buckl., Sta. Fterostoma (^Ftilodontis) palpina. — Buckl, Newm.,^ta. Notodonta zicsac. — Buckl., Newm., Sta. Fygcera ciirtula. — Sta. „ pigra (j-eclnsa). — Newm. Sta. Acronycta Uporina. — Ent. xix. 133 ; xxii. 114. „ euphorbia;. — Ent. Mag. vii. 83. In confinement. „ alni. — Sta. Caradrina morphetis. — Ent. Mag. x. 254. Tryphcena comes (orbona). — Newm. After hj-bernation. Noctua brunnea. — Newm. ,, triangulum. In confinement. „ /estiva. — Newm. „ ditrapezium. In confinement. ,, castama v. neglecta. — Ent. Mag. xxii. 242. Xanthia fidvago {cerago'). — Ent. Mag. vi. 262. „ flavago {silago'). — Ent. Mag. vi. 262. Clear is viminalis. — N ewm. Folia clii. — Ent. Mag. ix. 290. In confinement. Aplecta occulta. — Ent. Mag. xii. 66. In confinement. Asteroscopus spliinx (cassineci). — Sta. Madopa salicalis. — Sta. Brep/ws notha. — Sta. K 2 132 ZA/?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Salix cinerea — continued. Eugonia {^Ennomos) autitmnaria Qdniaria). — ^Ent. Mag. iii. 159. In confinement „ „ alniaria(tiliarid). — Ent. Mag. iii. 1 59. In confinement. Zonosoma (^Ephyj-a) ai-hicitlaria. — Sta., Ent. x. 98. Nyssia zonaria. — Ent. Mag. xxiii. 61. Acidalia nMginata [ruhricatd). Cabera exanthemaria. — Newm., Sta. Macaria notata. — Newm.. Sta. Numeria pulveraria. — Newm., Sta. Fidonia carbonaria. — Newm. Lomaspilis marginata. — Newm., Sta. Oporabia filigrammaria. — Newm. Eupithecia Umtiata. — Newm., Sta. In the catkins. „ exignctta. — Newm. Lobophora halterata (Jiexapterata). — Newm., Sta. Hypsipetes ruber ata.— Sta. ,, sordidata {ehitaUi). — Newm., Sta. Eucosmia iiridutata. — Newm., Sta. Cidaria tritncata (russatd). — Newm. ,, testata. — Newm. „ populata. — Newm., Sta. In confinement. Salix Caprea : (Sallow).— 89. Vanessa polychloros. — Newm. Apatura iris. — ^Buckl., Newm., Sta. Smerintlnis oce//a/us.— 'Ent. xiii. 17:!, Buckl. „ popiili. — Sta. Trochiliumcrabroni/ormis [bemleciformis'). — Buckl, Sta., Ent. Mag. X. i6i. In the wood. Sarothripus undulanns (revayana'). — Sta. Ocneria dispar. — Ent. xviii. 243. Dasyckira piidibunda. — Ent. xxii. 151. Orgyia antiqua — Buckl. In confinement. Trichiura cratcegi. — Sta. Lasiocampa ilicifolia. — Sta. Dicranura furcula. — Buckl., Newm., Sta. „ I'imila. — Buckl , Sta. Pterostoma (^Ftilodontis') palpina. — Buckl,, Newm., Sta. NofoJotita dictwa. — Newm. „ dictcEoides. — Ent. xxi. 318. „ ziczac. — Buckl., Newm., Sta. Pygcera cvrtula. — Sta. „ anachoreta. — Newm. „ pigra (rechisa). — Newm., Sta. Acronycta leporina. — Ent. xix. 133 ; xxii. 1 15. «/;«.— Sta. FOOD-PLANTS AXD LARVAE. 133 Salsx Caprea — centiuued. Ciradrina iuorpkjus.-^¥.\-\i. Mag. x. 254. Agrotis asAwoj-l/iii. — Newm. In confinement. Trvpkivna comes {orhona~). — Newm. After hybernation, Noctua stigmjtka {i-homfmdea).—^^\\m.. After hybcrruation. ,, brutmea. — Newm. „ triaiigiilum. In confinement. „ ffstiv.i. — Newm. „ ditrapezium. In confineraent, „ castanea v. fiegkcta.—'Ent. Mag. xxii. 242- „ aitgur. — Newm. After hybernatioiu TcEiiiacampa gothica. — Newm. ,, incerta (Jnstabilie). — Newm. „ epima. — Newm,., Sta. „ gracilis. — Newm. Orthosia lota. — Ncwra. Cerasiis raccin/i.^N ewm. Xanthia fukago {cerogo). — Newm., Sta., EnL Mag. vi. 262, In the catkins ; afterwards on various low plants. „ fiavagi (silage). — Newm., Ent. Mag. vi. 262. „ circellaris QferTuginea'). — Newm. On the buds. Tethea. retnsa, — Newm,, Sta. P@!ia chi — Newm., Ent. Mag. ix. 290, Cleeceris viiiiinalis. — Newm. Aplecta nehulosa. — Newm. After hybernatiffio. „ occulta. — Ent. Mag, xii. 66. In confinement, Hadena aditsta. — Newm. ,, glauca. — Newm. „ rectilinea. — Newm. Asteroscopus sphinx (cassifiga^.—Sla. Br£phos nothcu — Sta. Gomptera libalrix. — Newm. Madopa salicalh. — Sta. Zonssiina {^Ephyrd) erbiciilari.i. — Sta,, Ent. x. 98, Nyssii zoiiaria. — Ent. Mag. xxiii. 6r. Acidali-i rabiginata [rubticata'). Cahtra exanllumiria, — Newm,, Sta. Alacavia altirnata. — Newnt., Sta. „ notata. — Newm., Sta. Numeriu pulveraria. — Newm., Sta. Fidonia carbenaria. — Newm. Lomaspilis marginata, — Newm., Sta. Oporalna filigrammai ia. — Newm. Eiipithecia tenuiaia. — Newm., Sta. In the catkins. „ exiguata. — Newm. Lobephova sexalisata (^sexalata). — Newm. „ halterata Q/iexapterata). — Newm., Sta. „ carpinata {lobiilata'). — Newm., Sta. 134 lARl'A COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Salix Caprea — continued. Hypsipetes ritberata. — Sta. „ sordidata {eliitatii). — Newm., Sta. Eucosmia undulata. — Newm., Sta. Cidaria truncata [russatd). — Newm. ,, testata. — Newm. „ populata. — Newm., Sta. In confinement. Salix repens : Dwarf Sallow. — 92. Callunarpka domimda. — Ent. xii. 79. Hadena contigua. — Ent. Mag. xvii. 171. Noctua c-nigriim. „ triangulum. „ ruhi. „ baia (baja). ,, xatitliographa. Populus: Poplar. Apalura iris. — Sta. Smerintlitis ocellatits. — Sta. „ popnli. — Sta., Buckl. Trochiliitm apiformis. — Newm., Sta., Ent. M.-\g. x. 161. the stems and wood. Co^ms ligniperda. — Sta. In the wood. Zeuzera pyrina (^cescidi'). — Buckl. In the wood. Heterogenea asella [asellus). — Sta. Leiicoma salicis. — Sta. Pcvcilocampa popiili. — Newm., Sta. Dicranura bifida. — Buckl., Sta. „ vinula. — Newm., Sta. Glyphisia crenata. — Newm., Sta. P'teyosioma {Piilodontis') palfrina. — Buckl., Newm., Sta. Lophopieryx camelina. — Buckl . Natodcmta trilopkus. — Sta., Buckl. „ ziczac. — Newm., Sta. Pygcera mrtula. — Newm., Sta. Acronycta megacephah. — Newm., Sta. Tceniocampa populeti. — ^Ne wm. Pachnobia rubricosa. — Ent. Mag. xxiii. 7. Orthosia upsihn. — Sta., Ent. Mag. ix. 248. Tethea s^itlitiisa. — Newm., Sta., Ent. Mag. ix. 248. ,, retiisa. — Sta. Ccttocala fraxini. — Sta. „ mtpta. — Sta. Epione apiciaria. — Newm., Sta. Amphidasys betularia — Ent. xix. 253. Tephvosia crapnscidaria. — Sta. FOOD-PLANTS AND LARV^. 13S Populus nigra (pyramidalis) : LoMBARDY Poplar. Smerinthus populi. — Newm. Trochilimn crabroniformis (bejiihecifonnis). In the bark and wood. Leucoma salicis. — Newm. Populus alba : White Poplar.— 60. Smerinthus ocellatiis. — Ent. xviii. 181. Populus nigra : Black Poplar. Smerinthus ocellatus . — B u c k 1 . Trochilium apiformis. — Buckl. In the bark and wood. „ crabroniformis {bembeciformis'). — Ent. xx. 100. In the bark and wood. Sdopteron iabaniformis (iiespiformis). — Sta., Ent. Mag. X. 161. In the stems and roots. Trichiura cratcegi. — Ent. xv. 234. Bombyx qiiercus. — Ent. Mag. xix. 237. Dicranura vinula. — Buckl. Glyphisia crenata. — Buckl. Notodonta dictcea. — Newm. Pygarra anachoreta. — Newm. Cymatophora or. — Newm., Sta. Populus tremula : Aspen. — 100. r \inessa polychloros. — Newm. Smerinthus ocelhitus. — Ent. xiii. 108. „ populi. — Sta. Trochilium apiformis.— Newm., Ent. Mag. x. 16 r. In the wood. Sciopteron tabaniformis (asiliformis). — Newm., Sta. In the bark and wood. Drepana (Plaiypteryx) falcafaria (^fakula'). — Sta. Dicranura bifida. — Buckl., Newm. Pterosioma {Ptilodontis') palpina. — Buckl. Notodonta dictcea. — Ent. xiii. 108., Buckl. ,, trilophus. — Sta. Pygcera cur tula. — Newm. „ pigra Qreclusa').—F-.nt. xvi. 37. Cymatophora octogesima (ocularii). — Newm., Sta. „ or. — Newm. Tceniocampa populeti. — Newm., Ent. xii. 165. „ munda. — Sta. Xanthia circellaris (J'erruginea). — Newm. Tethea subtusa. — Ent. xiii. 108. Brephos notha. — Newm., Sta., Ent. Mag. ix. 41. Catocala fra.xini. — Sta. Lobophora halterata (hexapterata). — Newm., Sta. Cidaria silaceata. — Sta. „ testata, — Sta. 136 IA/?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Empetrum nigrum : Black Crowberry. — 71. Acidalia contiguaria. Ent, Mag. iii.69. In confinement. Juniperus communis: Juniper — 73. Eiipithecia lielveticaria. — Newm., Sta. ,, „ V. arceuthata. — Newm. , , pusillata. — S ta. „ indigata. — Newm. „ sohrinata. — Newm., Sta. Thera jiiniperata. — Newm., Sta. „ smiulata. — Newm., Sta. Taxus baccata: Yew. — 48. Boarmia abietaria. — Ent. x.xii. 287. In confinement, Pinus : Fir. Sphinx pinastri. — Sta. Psilura monacha. — Sta. Boarmia abietaria. — Newm., Sta., Ent. xxii. 287. Tephrosia crepuscular ia. — Ent. xix. 271. „ biundularia. — Ent. xix. 271. Macaria liturata. — Newm., Sta. Eiipithecia indigata. — Sia. Thera firmata. — Newm., Sta. Pinus sylvestris : Scotch Fik. — 12. Panolis piniperda. — Newm., Sta. Ellopia prosapiaria Qfasciaria). — Newm., Sta. Bupalus piniaria. — Newm. , Sta. Thera variata. — Newm., Sta. Pinus abies : Spruce Fir. Eupithecia lariciata. — Ne wm . „ togata. — Ent. xviii. 145., Ent. Mag. xii. 157. In the cones. Larix Europsea. — Larch. Tephrosia biundularia. — Sta. Eupithecia lariciata. — Newm. Listera ovata : Twavblape — 102. Spilosoma fuliginosa. — Ent. IMag. x.xi. 158. Iris Pseudacorus : Yellow Iris. — 112. Spilosoma urticce. — Ent. Mag. xxi. 207. Nonagria sparganii. — Ent. xiii. 49. In the stems of this and other Iris. Apamea leucostigma {fibrosa'). — Newm., Sta. In the stems „ ophiogramtna. In the stems. Calocampa vetusta. Plusiafestuccs. — Ent. xix. 209. FO OD-PLA NTS AND LA R V^. 1 3 7 Scilla nutans: Squill; Bluebell. — 109. Noctua uiiibrosa. — Ent. xviii. 210. On the seeds. Juncus : Rush. Erebia epiphron {cassiopi). — Newm. Juncus lamprocarpus. — 109. Ccenobia rufa {clespcdd). In the stems. Luzula vernalis (pilosa) : Broad-leaved Wood-rush. 106. Hesperia sy/vanus. — Buckl. Leucania turca. — Newm., Sta. Xylophasia scolopacina. — Newm. Herminia cri/iralis. — Ent. Mag. x. 103. Luzula campestris : Field Wood-rush ; Cuckoo-grass. 105. Leucania tiirca. — Newm., Sta. Xylophasia scolopacina. — Newm. (?) Luzula maxima : Wood-rush. — 105. Tviphtrna fimbria. — Ent. xiv. 155. Typha latifolia : Reed Mace. — 79. Nonagria cannce.— Newm., Sta. „ sparganii. — Ent. xiii. 51. In the stems. „ arundinis {typhce'). — Newm., Sta. In the stems. ,, brevilinca. Typha angustifolia. — 57. Nonagria sparganii. — In the stems. Sparganium ramosum : Bur-eeed.— 18. Nonagria sparganii. — Ent. xiii. £o. In the stems. Sparganium simplex : Unbranched Bur-reed.— 92. Plusia festuav. — Sta. Cyperus longus : Cyi'kess-root. — 7. Hydrcccia micacea. — Newm., Sta. Scirpus. Nonagria brevilinea. — Ent. x. 17. In the stems. Scirpus csespitosus. — loi. Xylophasia scolopacina. — Sta. Also on other Scirpi. Rynchospora alba : White Beak-rush. — 75. Ccenonympha typhon Qilavus"). — Buckl, ,, „ „ V. rolhliebi. — Newm. Cladium germanicum : Twig-rush. — 37. Lcelia ccenosa. — Sta., Ent. xii. 79. Apamea leucostigma (^fibrosa). — Ent. Mag. xx. 176, 138 lAJ^l^A COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Carex : Sedge. Lcelia ccowsa. — Ent. xiii. 171. Arsilonche alhevenosa (^veno^d). — Ent. xiii. 172. Leucania iinpiira. — Sta. Tapinostola fulva. — Newm., Sta. In the stems. Hydrcecia micacea. — Newm. At the roots. Hydrelia unctila {unca'). — Sta. Pliisia festuccc. — Sta. Apamea iinanimis. Carex glauca. — 106. Phothedes captiunciila. — Ent. Mag^. xviii. 76. Carex sylvatica. — 83. Leucania littoralis. — Newm. In confinement. Hydrelia uncula {iinca). — Ent. Mag. vi. 232. In confine- ment. Herminia cribralis. — Ent. x. I03. Carex paludosa. — 70. Tapinostola fulv. I. — Ent. M.ig. xvii. II4. In the stems. Carex riparia. — 72. Leucania littoralis. — Newm. Eriophorum angustifolium : Common Cotton Grass. — 109. Ciriwnympha tvphon (davus'). — Buckl. Tapinostola fulva. — Ent. xvi. 261. In the stems of this and other Eriophora. Celcena Hatuorthii, — Newm., Sta. In the stems of this and other Eriophora. Eriophorum vaginatum : Hare's-tail Cotton Grass.— 89. Cehvna ha-woithii. — Ent. Mag. ix. 195. Phalaris canariensis : Canary Grass. Apamea unanimis. „ ophiogramma. Phalaris arundinacea : Reed Canary Grass. — 109. Lfuiania straininea. — Ent. Ma-j. viii. 249. Phothedes captiunciila. — Ent. Mag. xviii. 76. Apamea ophiogramma. „ gemina. — Ent. Mag. x. 275. In confinement. „ unanimis. Milium effusum : Millet. — 8c. Epinephele hyperanthes. — Newai., Sta. Phleum pratense : Timothy Grass.— 104. Melanargia galafea. — Sta. Agrostis canina. — 93. Erebia arthiops [medea). — Newm. FOOD-PLAXTS AND LARV^. 139 Calamagrostis epigeios.— 57, Hesperia actcEon. — Newm., Sta. Ammophila arundinacea : Marram. — 60. Satyrus setnele. — Ent. Mag. ix. 21. Leticania littoralis. — Newm., Ent. Mag. ix. 21. Tcrniocampa ophna. — Ent. Mag. ix. 2 1. Aira caryophyllea : Hair-grass. — 105. Cerigo 7natitra {cytherea). — (?). Aira praecox : Early Hair-grass. — loS. Erebia epiphron {cassiope). — Buckl. „ crthiops {medea) — Buckl., Ent. Mag. vii. 65. Satyrus semele. — Buckl., Newm. Eremohia ochroleuca. — ( ? ) . Corynephorus (Aira) canescens. — 4. Mamestra furva. — Newm., Sta. Deschampsia (Aira) csespitosa : Tussock-GRAss. — iii. Erebia ivthiops {medea). — Buckl., Ent. Mag. vii. 65. Satyr Its semele. — Buckl., Newm. Epinephele h yperanthes. — N e w m . Leucania pallens. — Ent. Mag. iii. 68. Miana arcttosa. — Newm., Sta., Ent. Mag. ix. 248 ; vii. 88 ; vii. 260. In the stems and roots. „ fasciuncida. Deschampsia (Aira) flexuosa. — 105. Erebia epiphron (^cassiope). — Buckl. Holcus lanatus : Meadow Soft-grass. — 11 1. Hesperia thawnas {linea'). — Buckl. ,, sylvanus. — Newm., Sta. Agrotis vestigialis {valligera). — (?). On the roots. „ suffusa. — (?). On the roots. Anchocelis lunosa. — ^?). Arrhenatherum avenaceum. — no. Tapinostola bondii. — PLnt. xi. 252. Miana bicoloria (J'uruncula). — Ent. xi. 252. Phragmites communis : Reed. — 104. iMacrogasta castanece (arundmis). — Buckl., Newm., Sta. In the stems. Lcelia ccrnosa. — Newm., Sta. Arsilonche atbevenosa {I'enosa). — Newm. Leucania olsoleta. — Newm., Sta. „ impudens (Jmdorina'). — Newm. „ straminea. — Ent. Mag. viii. 249. Meliana flammra. — Ent. Mag. xx. 64. In the stems. Senia maritima Qi/vip'). — Newm., Sta. In the stems. 140 ZA/?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Phragmites communis — continued. Calamia phragmitidis. — Newm., Sta. In the stems. Tapinostola helmanni. No7iagria geminipiincta. — Newm., Sta., Ent. Mag. x. 231. In tlie stems. „ neurira. — Sta., Ent. Mag. x. 275. In the stems. ,, hrevilinea. — Ent. Mag. xxii. 272. In the stems. ,, lutosa. — Xewm., Sta. In the stems. Cynosurus cristatus : Dog's-tail. — 112. Ccpitonymplia pcimp/iilus. — Sta. Molinia ccerulea : Purple Meltc-grass. — 106. Erastria fasciana {fuscula). — Ent. Mag. xi. 66. Dactylis glomerata : Cock's-foot Grass. — 112. j\Ielanargia galatea. — Buckl. Paravge megcera. — Newm, „ egeria. — Buckl.. Epinephele tithoniis. — Buckl. Hesperia sylvanus.—Q\icV.\. Lencania puirescetis. — (?). „ comma. — Newm. „ /rz/Z^^i-.— Ent. Mag. iii. 68. Miana strigilis. — Ent. xvi. 91. In the stems. Tryphcsna orbona (jiihseqiid). — Ent. Mag. xvii. 211 ; Ent. X. 48. Eremohia (^dlaru^) ochroleuca. — Ent. Mag. viii. 21. In con- finement ; on the seeds. Briza media: Quaking Gr.'VSS ; Maidenhair.— 105. Xylophasia scolopacina. — Sta. Briza minor : Small Quaking Grass. — 7. Xylophasia scolopacina. — S ta. Poa annua: Annual Meadow-grass. — no. Erebia epiphron {cnssiope'). — Buckl., Newm. „ ccthiops (jnedea'). — Newm. Also on several species of Poa. Epinephele tithonus — Buckl. Sta. ,, hvpcrantlus. — Newm., Sta. Ccenonympha pamphilus . — S ta. Odonestis potatoria. Leucania pallens. Hydrcecia nictitans. On the roots. Xylophasia lithoxyUa. On the roots. ,, siiblustris. On the roots. „ monoglypha (^polyodon'). On the roots. Aporophyla aiislralis. — Ent. Mag. vi. 13. Neuronia popular is. FOOD-PLANTS AND LARV^. 141 Poa annua — continued. Hetiophohus hispidiis. — Ert. xiv. 135. Cerigo matiira {cytherea). — Ent. xiii. I41. Lnperina testacna. — On the siems. ,, cespitis. Charceas graminis. On the roots. Pachetra leucophcca. — Ent. xv. 162., Ent. Mag^. xix. 43. " In tufts of grass growing in woods " and un com- mons. Nociua unihrosa. ,, xanthographa. Apamea didyina \oculea). „ geminu. — Ent. Mag. x. 275. In confinement. Epunda laiulenta. — Ent. Mag. vi. 235. In confinement. Aplecta tincta. Crymodes exulis. — Newm. On this and other species of Poa. Slilbia anomala. — Ent. xviii. 3. Bankui argentula. — Ent. Mag. xx. 77 ; xxiii. 5. Cauiptogramma bibneata. Poa nemoralis : Wood Meadow-grass. — 82. Pachetra IcucopIuTa. — Ent. xiii. 234. Poa pratensis. — 108. Ereliia ccthiops {jneded). Epinephele janira. — Sta. Bankia argentula. — Ent. Mag. xxiii. 5. Eubolia Hint lata (jnenswaria'). Poa trivialis. — 108. L eucania straminea. — (?). Glyceria aquatica. — 76. Arsilonche alhei'enosa (venosd). — Sta. Tapinostula fulva. — Newm., Sta. Bankia argentula. — Ent. Mag. xxiii. 5. Glyceria maritima. — 67. HydrcFcia niclitans. — Ent. Mag. xviii. 195. Rivula sericealis. — Ent. Mag. xi.x. 49. Festuca ovina : Sheep's Fescue-grass. — no. Erebia epipliron (cassiope'). — Ne«m. * Emydia striata {grammicd). — Sta. Pachetra leiicophcva. — (?). Agrotis ashworthii. — Newm., Ent. xxiii. 6. Acidalia ochrata. — (?). Sta, Brachypodium pinnatum. — 35. Rivula seriaalis. — Ent. Mag. xix. 50. 142 ZAJiVA COLLECTIXG AND BREEDIXG. Brachypodium sylvaticum. — 105. Hesperia actiFon. — liuckl., Ent. Mag^. x. 86. Hesperia thaumas (Jincii). — Buckl., Ent. Mag. xix. 244. Carterocephalui palvsmon ( panhcus). — Buckl. Rivula sericealis. — Ent. Mag. xix. 50. Lolium : Darnel. Eremohia (^Ilariis) ochroLuca. — Ent. ix. 18. Agropyron (Triticum) : Wheat. Apainsa basilin:a. — Newm., Sta. On the grain. Agropyron (Triticum) repens: Couch Grass.— ioS. Fa I arge egeria. — Sta. Satyriis semek. — Buckl., Newm. EpinepheU titlwniis. — Newm. „ hyperanthes. — Buckl., Newm. Hesperia actceon. — Buckl., Ent. Mag. x. 86. ., sylvaniis. — Buckl. Leucania conigera. — Newm., Ent. Mag. iii. 137. „ pallens. — Ent. JMag. iii. 68. „ albipuncta. — (?). Apamea gemina. — Ent. Mag. x. 275. In confinement. „ unanimis. — Ent. Mag. viii. 207. In confinement. Tr\p/uvna orhona {subsequa~). — Ent. Mag. xvii. 21 1., Ent. x. ' 48- Agropyron (Triticum) pungens. Hesperia actceon. — Ent. Mag. x. 86. In confinement. Agropyron (Triticum) junceum. — 36. Hesperia actcron. — Buckl. (?). Agroiis cursoria. — Ent. Mag. i.x. 14. Nardus stricta : Mat-gr.'vss. — 107. Erebm epiphron {cassiope'). — Newm. Ccvnonympha pamphilus. — Newm. Leucania vitelliiia. — (?). Elymus arenarius : Lyme-grass. — 30. Tapinoslola elymi. — Ent. Mag. viii. 6g. In the stems and roots. Pteris aquilina : Brake; Bracken. — 112. Hepialus velUda. — Buckl., Newm., Sta., Ent. Mag. vii. 84. On the I oots. „ hectus. — Buckl., Ent. ^lag. v. 177. On the roots. Euplexia lucipaia. — Newm. Hadena pisi. — Newm. Panagra petraria. — Newm, FOOD.PLANTS AND LARV^. 143 Lastraea (nephrodium) felix-mas : Male FeRxN. — 112. Euplexia lucipara. — Newm. Lichen. * Nacilia ancilla. — Newm. On trees. Nudaria mimdana. — Newm., Sta. On trees. Buckl., Ent. Mag. viii. lyr. On walls. „ sejiex. — Buckl., Ent. Mag. viii. 170. Setina irrorella. — Sta., Buckl., Ent. Mag. viii. 171. On stones on the sea-coast above high water-mark. Calligenia niiniata. — Newm., Sta. On oaks. Sta. On beech and birch. Litliosia mesomella. — Buckl, Sta., Ent. Mag. viii. 172. On oaks. In confinement on green or withering sallow- leaves. ,, muscerda. — Buckl. Probably on sallows in wet places. „ sororcula (aureola). — Buck!., Ent. Mag. v. 1 13. On oaks. Newm. On larch. Ent. Mag. xi. 158. On beeches. Sta. On fir and pine. ,, lutarella (pygmceola). — Buckl. „ griseola. — Buckl. On mosses and withered sallow- leaves in confinement. „ ,, z/. siramineola. „ deplana. — Buckl., Ent. Mag. v. 112. On yews. Newm. On oaks. Sta. On oaks and beech. „ liirideola {complanuki). — Newm. On oak, black- thorn and larch. Sta. On poplars and walls. „ complana. — Buckl. On firs. Newm., Sta. On blackthorn and firs. „ sericea {tnolyhdeola). — Buckl., Newm. Probably on heath or stones under. In confinement on withered oak or sallow-leaves. Gnophria quadra. — Newm., Sta. On trees. „ ruhrkollis. — Buckl. On beech. Newm., Sta. Various trees. Bryophila miiralis (glandi/era'). — Newm., Sta. On walls and buildings. „ par. — On walls and building-. „ algce. — Newm. On trees. „ perla. — Newm., Sta. On walls. Aventia /l€xula.—St2i., Ent. Mag. x. 42. On thorns, cherry and yew. Cleora glabraria. — Newm., Sta. On firs. Ent. Mag. xii. 84. On oaks. „ lichenaria. — Newm., Sta. On trees. „ angularia Qviduaria). * Tephrona sepiaria {cineraria'). — Newm., Sta. On walls. 144 lA/iJ'A COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Equisetum arvense : Field Mare's-tail.— ioS. Hydiiccia micacea. — Ent. Mag. vi. 164. In the stems. Equisetum limosum. — 103. Hydnvcia micacea. — Ent. Mag. vi. 164. In the stems. Lichen caninus. Calligejiia miniata. — Buckl., Ent. Mag. v. III. On oaks. In confinement on withered oak and sallow leaves. Lilhosia griseo/a V. stramineola. — Buckl., Ent. Mag. v. IIO. Gnophria quadra. — Buckl. On oak'^. Nudaria senex. — Buckl., Ent. Mag. viii. 170. In confine- ment on this and decayed sallow or bramble-leaves. Nola slrigiila. — Buckl. On oaks. Fungi. Bohtolia fuUginaria. — Sta. On rotten wood. Dried Plants. * Acidalia kerhariata. — Sta. INDEX. PAGE A Annual Meadow-Grass 140 PAGE A nt/iemh icS Abraxas {^Zerene) . 66 A nt/irisciis ICO Acacia . 92 Anthyllis 91 Acer 8S A lit idea . 75 Acheron*, ia 8 Apaima . Achilha . 103 A pat lira 5 Acuialia 60 Aplasta . 65 Acontia . 52 Aplecta . 46 Acostmtia 33 Aporia . I A crony eta 24 Aporophyla 30 ^-Esciilus 88 Apple . 97 Agriopis 45 Arahis . S2 Agrophila 52 Arctia . 16 Agropyron 142 A rctium . tc7 Agrostis . 138 A rctoataphylos 109 Agrotis . 33 A renaria 86 Aim 139 „ {Clierleria~) 86 A IchemiHa 96 Argvnnis 3 Alder . 125 Arineria iir Alder Buckthorn . 88 Arrhenatherum 139 Ahucis . 64 A ni lone he 2 6 Alnus . 125 A rlfinisia 105 Alpine Lady's Mantle 96 Ash Alternate-leaved Golde- Aspen . 135 Saxifrage 99 Asperula 103 A mmophila 139 Asphalia 24 Amphidasvs . 57 AspUates 66 Amplupy'ra . 39 Aster . 104 A nagallts A steroscopus . 49 Ajiailis . 79 Asth.'na . 60 Anarta . A triplex. . iiS A nchocelis 41 Atropa . "3 A nemone 81 Autumnal Gentian 112 A iigelica lOI Avens, Common . 95 A Hgerona 55 Aventia . 53 Anisopteryx . 67 Axy.'ia . ■ ^9 146 IAJ?VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. B. PAGE Bryophila 24 I'AGE Buck-bean 112 Ballota . . . . Ii6 , Buck's-horn Plantain 117 Bankm . . . . 52 ! Buckthorn . 88 Bapta {coyycui) 64 : Bulbous Buttercup 8t Barbarea 82 1 Bupalus . . . . 65 Barbary Si ' Burdock 107 Barlsia . 114 • Burnet Rose . 96 Bastard Alkaict 113 Burnet Saxifrage, Comm Dnioo Beech . 129 Bur-reed 137 Beet 117 Butter Bur . 106 Berheris . 81 Beta 117 Betula . 123 C. Bilbeny 109 Birch . 123 Cahera . 64 Bird's-foot . 92 Cakih . 8S Bird's-foot Trefuil ■ 91 Calamagrostts. 139 Biston . 57 Ca 'a mi a 27 Biting Stonecrop • 99 Calligenui 14 Black Crow.berry . 136 Callimorpha . 15 „ Currant 99 Calluna . 109 „ Horehound . 116 Calocampa 48 „ Medick 89 Calx mm a 42 „ Mullein 113 Calystegia 113 „ Poplar. • 135 Campanula 108 Blackthorn . . 92 Camplogratnma 76 Bladder Senna 92 Canary Grass . 138 Blue Bell . • 137 Canterbury Bell? . . 108 Boarmia • 58 Caradrhta . 32 Bog Whortleberry . Boletobia . \0) Cardamine 82 ' 53 CardiiHS . . 107 Bombyx . 20 Carex . . 138 Bomoloclia, • 54 Carpinus . 126 Borage . • 113 Carsia . 79 Borago . • 113 Cartei'ocep/ialns 8 Bracken • 142 Castanea • ^-} Bi-achypodiiim . 141 Catepbia Brake' . . 142 Catocala 53 Bramble • 94 Celcena . . 3^ Brassica 82 Centaiirea . iw Brephos . • 54 Ceraslis (^Glcra') 41 Briza . 140 Ctrasthim . 8- Broad-leaved Dock . 120 1 Cerigo . . 3C „ „ Wood-rus li 137 1 ChiTrophyUuin . IOC Broom . . 89 \ Chamomile . • 10. INDEX. Cliaicvas 30 Cotyledon C/ianc/m 51 Couch Grass . Cheimatohia . 67 Cow-berry . Chenopodinin . 117 Cow Parsnep Cherlock «2 Cowslip. Clh'Sias . 79 Cow-wheat . Cliestnut 129 Crack Willow Chicory . 107 Cranberry Cliickweed . 86 Cratirgits Chirroicinipii . 9 Creeping Crowfoot Chrysanthcinnin 105 Crepis . . . . Chrysosplcnniin 99 Crocallis . Cidaria . 77 Cross-leaved Heath aiix . 21 Crymodes Circcpa . 100 Cuckoo-flower Cirrlurdui 42 „ grass Chid mm 137 Cuciillia . . . . Clematis .Si Cud-weed, Common Cichorium 107 Curled Dock . Cleoceris . 45 Cymutophora . Cli'ora 57 Cynrglossum . Cloantha 30 Cynosunis Clustered Bcll-(io\ver 108 Cyperus . . . . Cnints . 107 Cypress-root . Cock's-foot Grass 140 Cypress Spurge . Ccptiobia 2S Cylisiis {Sarot/iamnus') . Ccenonymbha ( Chortobius ) 6 OUa, . . . CoUix . 74 D. Colt's-foot 106 Co III tea . 9- Dcic/ylis . Comfrey 113 Dame's X^iolet Coiiopodium . 100 Daiiais . . . . Convolvulus . . 113 Dandelion Coremia 76 Darnel . Corn Chamomile . 105 Ddsycampa „ Cockle . «^5 Dasvchira „ Feverfew 105 Dasodui . „ Cromwell II ^ Diisypolia „ Sow-thisile . 108 DaiicHS . . . . Co runs . lOI Deadly Nightshade Cory Ins . 12(1 IhUephila Corynephofus (Aini) 139 Dewpiia. Costnia {^Euperni) . 4- Dennis . . . . COSSHS . 17 Deptford Pink Cjlton Grass, Common . 13^^ D^sihampsia (^Aira) I, 2 ZAJi^VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Devil's-bit Sc ibious 104 Epwne . . . . Dewberry 95 Epunda . . . . Dianthwcia 43 Eqiiisetum Dianthiis 84 Eraslna Dicycia . 4- Erebta . . . . Dicraniiva (jCt rura) 21 Eremolia illarus) . Digitalis 114 Erica . . . . Diloba . 26 Eriogazicr Dipsacus 104 Eriop/ioriiin . Diptervpia 30 Erodium Dock' . 119 Erysimum . Dog Rose 95 Eubolia „ Violet 83 Euchelia Dog-wood lOI Euchlue . Dog's Chamomile . 105 Euclidia „ Mercury Eucosmia Dog's-tail Grass 140 Eugonia [Ennonios] Do-not-touch-me . 87 Euonymus Drepana (^Platypteryx) 21 Etipa 'oriiim Dried Plants .' 144 Euphorbia Dropwort 94 Euphrasia Dutch Clover 90 Eupisteria Dyer's Green-weed 89 Eupilhecia „ Rocket 83 Euplexia Dwarf Sallow 134 Euryn.ene Evening Campion Everlasting Pea . E. Eye-bright . Earias . 13 Early Hair-grass . 139 F. „ Winter Cress 82 Ec/iiiim 113 Fagus . Elder . lOI Festuca Ellopia . 55 Feverfew, Common Elm . 121 Fiddle Dock . Elymus . 142 Fidonia . Ematiirga 65 Field Bindweed Emmelesia 68 „ F"orget-me-not Empetrum 136 „ Gentian Emydia . 15 „ Mare's-tail . Enchanter'sNightshade ICO „ Mouse-ear Cl.ick- Endromis 20 weed English Catchfly . 84 „ Scabious Epilobtum . ICO „ Thistle. Epinephele 5 „ Wood-rush . INDEX. 149 PAGE PAGE Field Wormwood . 106 Ground Ivy . 115 Ftlago . 105 Groundsel 106 Fir . . . 136 Guelder Rose lOI Flixvveed 82 Fiowerina^ Currant 99 „ '" Willow 100 H. Forget-me-not 113 Foxglove 114 Hahrostola ^0 Fragana 95 Hadena 46 Fraxinus III Hair-grass 139 Fungi 14^ Hairy Mint . 115 Furze . 89 Halm . Harebell 6+ 109 Hare's Parsley 100 G. Hare's-tail Cotton-grass 138 Hazel . 126 Gakopsis 115 Heartsease . 83 Galium . 102 Heath Bedstraw . 103 Genisla . 89 Heather 109 Gentiana 112 Hecatera 44 Geometra 59 Hedera lOI Germander Speedwell 114 Hedge Bedstraw . 102 Geum 95 ,, Mustard, Com Glyceria 141 mon 82 Glyphasia 22 „ Wound-wort "3 Gnophos 59 Heliaca {Helwdes) . 51 Gnophria 15 Helianthemum 83 Golden-rod . 104 HeliopJwbiis . 30 Gonoptsra 50 Heliothis 51 Gonopteryx Helleborm 8t Good King Henry 117 H enter opJiila 57 Gooseberry . 99 Hemithea 60 Goose Grass . 103 Hemlock Stork's-bill 87 Gorse . 89 Hemp Agrimony . IC4 Gortyna • 29 ,, Nettle • 115 Grammesm V- Henbane • 113 Great Bindweed . 113 Hepiabts 17 „ Burnet Saxifrage 100 Heracleum . lor „ Hairy Willow- Hermima • 53 herb ICO ■ Hesperia 8 „ Wild Valerian . 103 Hesperis . 82 Greater Bird's-foot Tre Heterogenea . 18 foil 91 Hieracium . 107 „ Periwinkle 112 Hiniera . • 56 „ Plantain . 116 Hippocrepis • 92 „ Stitchwort • 85 Hoary Ragwc )rt . . 106 150 ZAJ^VA COLLECTING AND BREEDING. Holcus . 139 Knapwee 1 . . . 107 Holly . 87 Knot-gia^s iiS Honeysuckk 101 ! Knotted Fig-wort . "4 Hop . 122 i „ Trefoil 91 Hornbeam _ 126 : L. Horse Chestnut . 88 1 Horse-shoe V^etch 92 Lactuca . . . . 108 Hound's-ton gue . 112 Lady's Bedstraw . 102 Humidus 122 ' „ Fingers 91 Hy hernia 66 Lcelia . . . . 18 Hydrelia Hydrilla Hydrcscia 52 33 Laptiygma Lainium 30 "5 29 Larch . . . . 136 Hylophila {Hahas) Hyoscyamtis . 13 113 La'-entiu Laria 68 18 Hypena . 54 Larix 136 Hypetiodes 54 Lasiocampa 20 Hypericum 86 Lastrcea {Nephrodiuni) . 143 Hypsipetes 74 Lathyrus {^0-rohus) . 92 Hyria . I. 60 Leon/odon Lepigonum (^Spergularia') Leucania Leucoma Leuccphasia . 107 86 26 i3 2 Ilex 87 Lichen . 143 Impatiens 87 Ligdia . 66 Ino 12 L igusirum 112 lodis . • 59 Lilac . 112 Ins , . 136 Lime . 87 Ivy . ICI Limcnitis 4 Ivy-leaved Toad-flax 114 Linaria . Ling . List era . iM . 105 . 13^ J. Lithosia . Lithospermum M Jack-by-the -hedge . 82 Lithostege . 7< Jasione . . 108 Lobophora 1\ J uncus • 137 Lolium . ■ 14 Juniper . . 136 Lomaspilts . 6f Jumperus . 136 Lombardy Poplar . Lonicera Loosestrife • 13 . 10 . II K. Lcphoptervx . Lotus .' 2 . 9 Kidney Vetch . 91 Lucerne . 8 LXDEX. PAGE I'A Luperina . 30 Melilotus Liisula . ■ 137 Melihra . Lycivna . 6 Mentha . I Lychnis . ■ 83 Menyanthes I Lyciiim . • 113 Menziesia 1 Lyme-grass ■ 142 Mei-cunalii I Lysimachia . II I Mesotype iythria . . 66 Metrocampa Lythriim 100 Miana Milfoil I Million . I M. Milk Parsley Milk-wort, Common I Macaria ■ . 64 Millet I Macrogaster . 17 Ml 10 a .... Macroglossa 10 Miselia .... Madder . . 102 Molinia I Madopa ■ 54 Moma (^Diphthera^) . Maidenhair . 140 Moss Campion Male Fern • 143 Mossy Cyphel Mallow . . 87 „ Saxifrage . Malva . . . 87 Moth Mullein I Mamestra • 31 Mountain Ash Mania . • 39 Mouse-ear Chickweed . Maple . . 88 ., ,, Hawk-weed . Marjoram . 115 Mugwort Marram . 139 Mullein Marsh Flea-^ •ort . 106 Musk-thi5tle . „ Red Rattle • 114 Myosotis Sow-thistle . 108 Myrica . ,, Thistle . 107 „ Trefoil . 112 Mat-grass . 142 N. Matricaria . IC5 Meadow Crowfoot . 81 Nacilla .... „ Saxifrag ; . ICO A'ardits . „ Soft-gras s . 139 Narrow-leaved Bitter Cr ;ss „ -sweet • 94 „ „ Plantain ,, Vetchlin g ■ 92 1 Nasturtium Medicago • 89 \ Needle Furze Melampyrtim . . 114 i Nemeohius Melanargia 5 " Nemeophila . Melanippe Melanthia 75 • 75 Nemoria Nepeta . Meliana 2S Neuria . -Melilot . 90 Neurcnia LARVA COLLECTING AXD BREEDING. Alsioniades 8 Pelui-ga . Noctua . 35 Pena^ra . Nola • 13 Peruallia Nonagria 28 Perforated St. John's \^'o Notodcnia 22 Persicaria, Common Nottingham ( Jatch 'ly • 85 PetasUes N ltd aria • 14 Petty Spurge Numeria . 65 Pencedanum . Nyssia . 57 Phalans Phahra . Phibalaptervx . O. Plugalia ' . Ph'leum . Oak ... . 126 Phlogopkora . Ocncria . 18 Phoi-odesma . Odonestis 20 PhoHiedes Gdoniopcra 56 PhragmitfS Oiwhryclns 92 Pliytonutra Ononis . 89 Pig-nut, Common Onopord., double, c,s. Do. _ do., with Water Cistern for keeping food fresh while rearing the Larvae, 4^., double, is. 6d, Zinc LarvEe Collecting Boxes, gd., double, is., treble, is. 6d. Sweeping Net, Ss. td. Nested Willow Chip L!o.\es, 4 doz , Zd. Pocket Boxes (Deal), 6d., gd., zs. is. dd. Zinc Pocket and Relaxing Boxes, gd., is., zs. 6d., is. Steel Forceps for removing Insects, post free for is. dd. Nickel Plated ditto ,, ss. Cabinet Cork 7 x 3i common, i dozen sheets, zs. Do. 7 >< 3f best, 1 ,, is. a,d. Do, It X 45 best, I ,, IS. id. Entomological lins, \ oz. box, post free, -,-,d. Improved Japanned Collecting Box with straps for the shoulder, gin. y. 7 in., post free, 5?- dd. Coleopterists' or Beetle Collecting Bottle, post fiee, zs. id. Large Sheets of Cork made to any sizeiequired® is td per superficial foot. Postal Boxes, td., gd., zs., zs. td. Cabinet, corked, glazed, and papered for Insects, 6 drawers, zjs. td. Do., 120 divisions for Bii'ds' Fggs, 6 drawers, its. td. Do., of 6 drawers, for Minerals, i^s. The New Larva Preserving .A.ppar.Uus (Patented), 5X. 6.7. The New Birds' Egg Bliwing Apparatus (Patented), i;r. 2d. Cabinrts, Store-boxes, Book-boxes, Setting-boards and tic uses. Pocket b jxes and Nets of all sorts made to order on liberal terms to the trade by ■W. LOINTGLE-Sr, 12, WHITE HART St., CATHERINE St., STRAND, LONDON, W.C