APERS L D LiDDELL LaLGr Class. Sern I_7l25kx LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS SELECTED AND ARRANGED BY A. C. LIDDELL, M.A. Formerly Scholar of Jesus College, Cambridge ; Assistant Mastet at Westminster School WITH VOCABULARY Vt i - LONDON BLACKIE & SON, LIMITED, 50 OLD BAILEY, E.G. GLASGOW AND DUBLIN Latin Grammar Papers. For Middle Forms. Selected from Oxford and Cambridge Local and London Matriculation Exami- nations. By A. C. LlDDELL, M.A. F'cap 8vo, cloth, Is. First Steps in Continuous Latin Prose. By \v. c. FLAMSTEAD WALTERS, M.A. Crown 8vo, cloth, 2s. Key (for Teachers only), 2s. 6d. net. Hints and Helps in Continuous Latin Prose. By W. C. F. WALTERS, M.A. Crown 8vo, cloth, 2s. Key (for Teachers only), 2s. 6d. net. Greek Grammar Papers. Selected and arranged by A. C. LLD- DELL, M.A., Assistant Master in Westminster School. Cloth, Is. 6d. Hints and Helps in Continuous Greek Prose. By W. C. FLAMSTEAD WALTERS, M.A. Crown 8vo, cloth, 2s. Qd- LONDON: BLACKIE & SON, LIMITED PEEFACE These papers are intended for middle forms, to be done either in writing or vivd wee. The questions in 1-31 are on accidence only, and follow the usual arrangement of Latin grammars; those in 32-42 are for the most part taken from or modelled on recent Oxford or Cambridge Junior Local papers; 43-49 from the same, Senior papers; 50-57 from London matriculation examinations. From 58 to the end the questions are mainly though not entirely on syntax. At the end of each paper are given some sentences for translation into Latin, each either illustrating some idiom or containing some simple catch. It is hoped that the index will be useful in enabling a teacher to put his finger at once on the particular sort of question required, without the necessity of hunting through the book. A. C. L. NOTE A few corrections and alterations have been made in the present edition, and a Vocabulary has been added. LATIN GRAMMAR, PAPERS. 1. Give the genitive singular of vir, gener, socer, vesper, liber, accipiter, alacer, ater, neuter, iter, armiger. 2. Give the ablative singular and genitive plural of grex, fons, vox, ius, caput, calcar, genus, and imber. 3. Decline together melius cornu, supplex agricola, felix tribus. 4. Give the names of the months in Latin. What gender are they, and why? 5. Compare asper, pulcer, aequus, dubius, malefi- cus. What is the Latin for 70, 70th, 70 each, 70 times, 700, 700 times? 6. What is the vocative singular of meus, tuus, suus; the nominative plural neuter of qui, quis, aliquis; the genitive singular of uter, alter, alteruter, nemo, and se? 7. What is the Latin for: Be thou heard, let them be advised, I am-going-to hear, thou wilt hear, of ruling, I shall have been taken, ye might be taken, lead, say, do, I have been advising, lie there ? 8. Put into Latin: (1) His father has gone to Rome. (2) He was frightened by the waves. (3) He was bitten by the dog. (4) My brother and my sister are beautiful. (5) I am about to be loved. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. n. 1. By what rules can the gender of a Latin noun be known according to its meaning? What is the gender of coniunx, testis, serpens, laurus, October, nefas, aestas, auriga, incola? 2. What are the masculine and the feminine endings in the 1st, and the masculine and the neuter endings in the 2nd declension? Give a list of femi- nine words of the 2nd declension. 3. Arrange the nouns of the 3rd declension in genders according to their endings. 4. What is the gender of 4th and 5th declension nouns? Give a list of exceptions. 5. Give the gender of the following nouns: origo, marmor, teges, arbor, praedo, caro, sanguis, margo, bidens (2), pecus (2), iubar, mus, pecten, grex, virtus, nemus, rete, stirps, calix, pulvis, piscis, finis, forfex, supellex, vas (2), lepus, sal, pugil, animal, ren, uber, ver, linter, adeps. 6. Put into Latin: (1) I gave him the swiftest horse I had. (2) It is said that he forgot the weapons he had bought. (3) They got back to camp with the loss of a few men. (4) Have you been told what you have got to do? LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. III. 1. Decline in the singular gener, miles, coniunx, celer, and in the plural mare, nox, vas, dives. Give the genders of manus, vulgus, ver, orbis, ordo. 2. Compare cito, audacter, frugi, aequus, pius, gracilis, nequam, benevolus, egenus, and providus. 3. Decline in the singular ipse, iste, and solus; in the plural hie, uter; in full nemo. 4. Give the Latin for 18, 60, 70, 98, 126, 200, 700, 1000, 10,000, and 1,000,000, and the ordinals, distributives, and numeral adverbs of each. 5. What numerals are used to express indefinitely large numbers, e.g. " to find a hundred reasons ". 6. What is the force of unus in ' omnium doctissi- mus unus ' ? What is the Latin for ' one camp', ' five camps', 'five forts', 'three letters', 'twice two are four ', ' a thousand ships ', ' every other day', ' every 3rd year'? 7. Decline tribus, genu, and meridies. Give in- stances of nouns which belong to two declensions. What are such nouns called? 8. Put into Latin: (1) The noble Brutus. (2) I gave my father this. (3) He came from Africa to Rome. (4) Come with me. (5) Caius is the man I obey. 8 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. IV. 1. What is the meaning of obtineo, occupo, pendeo, pendo, ignosco, pasco, compesco, explode, occido, occido, mando (2) ? 2. Write down the principal parts of fido, tollo, viso, iacio, iaceo, findo, figo, fingo, serpo, morior, reor, and gaudeo. 3. Parse the following in as many ways as you can, and give the principal parts of the verbs from which they come : passi, ref ertis, victum, visi, edere, mulsi, luxere, docere. 4. Give the supine of haereo, haurio, sperno, sterno, vivo, vinco, vincio, sero (2), tero, flecto, fluo, gero, uro, cognosco, pario, pareo; and the perfect of nascor, nanciscor, metior, mentior, ordior, orior, fulgeo, fulcio, fero, ferio, reperio, cano, concino. 5. Derive English words from the supine of poto, lavo, aboleo, mulceo, tergeo, tondeo, colo, coquo, caedo, trudo, pungo, edo, volvo, haurio, sarcio. 6. Name three verbs which belong both to the second and the third conjugation. V. Put into Latin: (1) I am about to be killed. (2) He looked round on those standing by. (3) This concerns us much, but makes no difference to our children. (4) How much did the house cost? Two talents. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. V. 1. Mention the various meanings of amare, rege, audiere, regere, monere, auditis, amate, audire, esse. 2. How is the place of the perfect participle active supplied? Put into Latin: Having taken the city he departed; having taken the city he burnt it. 3. Mention five ways of forming the perfect in- dicative. What is the rule for forming the perfect of reduplicated verbs when compounded with a preposition? 4. When do verbs of the 3rd conjugation in -io drop the it In what respects does the conjugation of a deponent verb differ from that of a passive verb? 5. Explain with examples the terms semi-de- ponent, quasi-passive verbs. What peculiarity is there in iuro, ceno, prandeo ? 6. What are inceptive, desiderative, frequentative verbs? How are they formed, to what conjugations do they belong? 7. Put into Latin: (1) Does anyone suppose they will enjoy their leisure? (2) News was brought that as many as possible would be spared. (3) I feel sure the speech will be a hindrance to all. 10 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. VI 1. Compound fero with a, cum, ad; audio with ob; ago with cum, per, circum; lego with cum, inter; quatio with cum; rego with sub; laedo with in, and give their principal parts. 2. Form derivative verbs from iacio, cano, edo, curro, dormio, ardeo; puer, mitis, vesper. How do inceptives form their perfect? 3. Give two meanings to each of the following verbs: fundo, volo, colligo, mando; crevi, luxi, fulsi, pavi; colo, praedico, lego, educo; pactum, versum, tentum, victum. 4. Distinguish: fugere, fugere, fugare; tegit, texit (2), texuit; vellet, vellit, velit; feris, ferris, fers; parit, paret, parat; occidit, occidit; caedit, cedit, cadit. 5. Show the force of the preposition in addisco, commoveo, deicio, deterreo, dedoceo, exaudio, inter- dico, obsum, praeficio, praemoneo, subduco, subse- quor, discedo, diligo, renuntio, recludo, reddo. 6. What is the passive of odi, perdo, vendo, addo ? What is the difference in use between coepi and incipio? 7. Put into Latin: (1) The shouts of victory startled the onlookers. (2) Tell them not to start before I am ready. (3) Let us wait till the clouds roll away. (4) All he has learnt himself he has taught his son. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 11 VII. 1. Give the gender (of nouns), accusative singular, and full plural of pellis, cinis, tussis, hilaris, vetus, cassis, calcar, calx, pondus, grandis. 2. Parse and give the meaning of regnanto, peperi, verebere, expergiscere, nise, afuit, prodis, iace, fugem. 3. Give the cardinal numbers from 12 to 20, the ordinals from 16th to 23rd, and the distributives and numeral adverbs from 6 to 16. 4. What are the principal parts of pungo, bibo, avello, nitor, digero, consuesco, ordior, edo, constituo, in video, and fido? 5. What prepositions are required in the follow- ing phrases: Word for word, do this for me, about a hundred, for the present, in Livy, by Jove! in the meantime, at the foot of the hill, towards night, in front of the camp, according to nature, about the 1st of May? 6. Turn into passive construction: ludimus; mater puellae librum dat; te sententiam rogamus; eum capitis damnavit. 7. Put into oratio obliqua: 'Hostes ego neque vici neque vincere volui; tuum est eorum urbem expugnare '. 8. Put into Latin: (1) This has happened thrice in the last few days. (2) None of you pity us. (3) The angry consul ordered them to be put to death. (4) He is well spoken of by all the best people. 12 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. VIII. 1. Decline in full: ager, aeger, agger, acer (2); comes, coma, comis; virus, verus; ver, vir, vis; avus, avis, avius; foedus (noun and adjective); asper, aper. 2. Parse in as many ways as possible: seras, bello, sine, vivo, teneris, pari, parci, vere, manet, voces, ferias. 3. What meanings may the comparative and the superlative have besides that of 'more' and 'most'? Illustrate your answer. 4. Distinguish: forte, forsitan, fortasse; circa, circum, circiter; veniam (2), veneam, venam; plebs, populus; culpa, crimen; sentio, censeo; iuvenis, adolescens; mulier, femina. 5. Give the principal parts of the verbs from which the following come: evanui, peracti, excitus, sprevere, cretus, metire, molltur, molitur, dederis, stratum, disseris. 6. What kind of verbs are exulo, fio, veneo, esurio, audeo, mitesco, scriptito ? Give the meanings of these words. 7. How many Latin words do you know for water, sea, sword, river, star, world? 8. Put into Latin: (1) It is silly of you to be vexed by trifles. (2) It was all your doing that we did not gain the prize. (3) There is no reason why we should envy you. (4) He thinks he will be made king. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 13 IX. 1. Give the stem, gender (of nouns), and ablative singular of cervix, quadrans, integer, colus, vervex, apex, pix, nux, remex, abies, satelles, locuples, com- pos, bipes, heres, deses. 2. What are the principal parts of pando, pendo, pendeo, edo, edo, lego, lego, tundo, ref ercio, expello, findo, and consulo? 3. Translate: I will do it for you; I cannot see for the fog; he fought for his country; to change war for peace; send for the doctor; love for one's country; he acted bravely, for a Lydian. 4. Write down the 2nd singular future indie., present and imperf. subj. of fero, eo, fio, malo, nolo; the imperative of eo, nolo, duco, facio, efficio. What is used for the future infinitive passive of facio ? 5. When would you translate ' anyone ' by quis, quisquam, quivis, ecquis, respectively? 6. What is the meaning of feriae, fasti, nundinae, infitiae, exsequiae? How is unus used in the plural? 7. What is etymologically the meaning of piety, calculate, govern, prejudice, procrastinate, duplicity, corroborate ? 8. Put into Latin: (1) The soldiers, who were in the market-place, rushed to the gate. (2) The soldiers who were in the market-place rushed to the gates. (3) Before long I shall go to visit my brother in Capua. 14: LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. X. 1. Give the stem, meaning, gender (of nouns), and ablative singular and genitive plural of palus, dis- cors, vates, poema, Simois, Pallas, auceps, inops, Arabs, flamen, turbo, hirudo, margo, sermo, Hanni- bal, vigil, exul. 2. What is the Latin for how many, how great, how few do right, all the money you have, what a big fire, so many and great dangers, such a good citizen, somebody will say, he thinks himself some- body, some trifle or other ? 3. When is nostrum used for the genitive plural of ego, when nostril 4. What are some of the endings which denote respectively action, agent, and quality? What is the force of the endings -etum, -ax, -tas, -osus, -ilis ? Form adjectives from diu, hodie, nimis, simul, heri, repente. 5. Give the future participle and an English derivative of scindo, desisto, parco, nubo, tergeo, sancio, insilio, elicio, metior, collido, sterno, exquiro, comminiscor, experior, aboleo, texo, redimo, queror. 6. Translate: bene audit ab omnibus, nil moror, convenit victos discedere, patriam fugit, multum mea refert, ripam evadit. 7. Put into Latin: (1) He hopes to be made king. (2) I hope we are not deceived in this. (3) It seems to me I have made a mistake. (4) A famous thanks- giving occurred in the reign of Victoria. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 15 XI. 1. Give the participle perfect of fatiscor, fateor; vivo, vinco, vincio; cedo, cado, caedo; haereo, haurio; mentior, metior, meto; fingo, figo; quaero, queror; sperno, sterno; tendo, teneo; nanciscor, nascor; cresco, cerno; seco, sequor. 2. Give the perfect indicative, 3rd plural, of cir- cumsto, condo, quiesco, exardesco, coalesco, resipisco, nigresco. When do compounds of do and sto form their perfect with e, when with i in the penultimate? 3. What are the syncopated forms of surrexisse, repositis, implevero, novisti, virorum, editis, and the full forms of noris, sentibat, accestis? 4. Parse: itur, rati, fores, sentis, decori, fide, necem, generi. 5. Compare egenus, frugi, providus, audacter, and give the gender and genitive singular of femur, supellex, nix, praedo, Apollo, vervex. 6. What parts of speech may ' cuius' be? Make a sentence to illustrate each meaning. 7. Put into Latin: (1) When I see him I shall make a point of ascertaining his views on this bill. (2) Be silent that you may hear the better. (3) He could not help giving vent to his envy. (4) Are you silly enough to suppose you will prevent his coming here? 16 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. XII. 1. Give general rules for determining the gender of a Latin noun by its meaning. 2. Decline throughout dea, Atrides, films, and deus. Give the vocative singular of Boreas, Claudius, and the genitive plural of denarius, Argivus, terri- gena, amphora, and drachma. 3. What was the locative case, and what were its original endings? Give the Latin for at Tarentum, at Gades, at Athens, at Carthage. 4. Give the meaning, gender, genitive singular and plural of arbor, fides, palus (2), honor, grando, ars, dens, comes, rete, vas. 5. State rules for the formation of the genitive plural of the 3rd declension. What is the genitive plural of frons, canis, rex, ci vitas? 6. How do adjectives of the second class (i.e. which follow the 3rd declension) form their ablative singular, nominative neuter plural, and genitive plural? Give these cases of felix, melior, princeps, and celeber. 7. What old forms of the 1st declension genitive singular are found? Give instances. 8. Put into Latin: (1) There are as many good fish in the sea as have ever been caught before. (2) Some trust in chariots and others in horses. (3) He came without being asked. (M450) LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 17 XIII. 1. Form diminutives from rex, blandus, populus, miser, labrum, pugnus, paucus, opus, ratio, canis, versus. What do diminutives express, besides smallness ? 2. Translate: Caesar and his army; the month of June; at the top of one's speed; to watch the sky; to go bail for one; in your father's house; he spoke in a passion; all the wisest men; the first to speak will be punished; what o'clock is it? in my opinion. 3. Give instances of cedo, consulo, credo, invideo, tempero used both transitively and intransitively. 4. Mark the quantities of virium, credidit, noli- mus, fieri, possumus, sustuli, rediere, reditus, Aeneas, veritas, divinitus, intus, mulieris, iacere, maneres, audivisses, barbari, pecudis, fatalis, heroas. 5. Give the principal parts of per-quatio, con-laedo, de-iacio, per-rego, pro-eo, per-ago, de-habeo, de-cado, con-habeo, ex-fero. 6. What is the genitive plural of pecus (2) animal, stirps, quercus, gurges, praes, caupo, aequor, cor, obses, mollis, armiger, ad vena, robur, fur; and the ablative singular of inops, dives, maior, neuter, uber, alacer, ingens, puppis, navis, far, gradus, nix, supellex ? 7. Put into Latin: (1) The doctor and his brother treated the wounded most skilfully. (2) He was informed he must die, and declared he was glad to hear it. (3) So far from preventing him from returning, I have sent him back home. (M450) B 18 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. XIV. 1. Write down the accusative singular of aether, rhetor, heros, Socrates; the genitive of Sophocles, Dido; and the ablative of Nereus and Phoebe. 2. What is the nominative and accusative plural of lampas, heros, and the genitive and ablative plural of poema? 3. Give the genitive plural of apis, mensis, senex, canis, iuvenis, and mater. Also of vis, mus, lis, cohors, civitas, parens, and the ablative singular of mare, rete, calcar, navis, imber. 4. Point out any peculiarities in the declension of requies, iugerum, vas (n.), penus, opem, vicem, fors, and nemo. 5. Parse: perpeti, repente, caelo, nube, servi, hae- sura, iactura, commenti, duce, mentum, face, feris. 6. What is the English for pietas, honor, tumul- tus, cesso, f erox, materia, desidero ? The Latin for return the books; return home; prosperity, adver- sity; he succeeded to the throne; his enterprise succeeded; a horrid crime? 7. Put into Latin: (1) Lucullus was many times richer than any of his contemporaries. (2) He asked me for some money to buy bread with. (3) He is too strong a man to be frightened by trifles. (4) It was a very silly thing to go barefoot through the snow. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 19 XV. 1. Parse: senuit, nexuere, victurus, pelle, generi, gradere, telis. 2. Give the feminine of Phoenix, iuvencus, avus, socer, tibicen; and the masculine of capella, anus, ancilla. Distinguish between vir and homo, patruus and avunculus, cera and cerse, leporis and leporis. 3. What are epicene nouns? Give examples. 4. Compare dexter, sinister, audax, impius, prae, secus. 5. What are factitive verbs? Give examples. 6. Form adjectives from aurum, Athenae, diu, terra, Italia, fatum, sanguis, extra. What is the Latin for a man of courage, a sword of iron, the citizens of Rome, roses of yesterday, to die of disease, full of water, all of us, of one's own accord ? 7. Give the principal parts of (marking the quan- tity of the penult in the perfect) tollo, diffindo, decido, ofiero, fundo, fallo; also the imperative of iaceo, mentior, expergiscor, deferor. 8. Put into Latin: (1) When you have reached the top of the hill, turn to the right. (2) If there's anything to use I'll use it; if not, I can easily go without. (3) I cannot help thinking we have done wrong. (4) I rather think he is more talkative than brave. 20 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. XVI. 1. Conjugate the present indicative active and passive of fero. What is the meaning of potens? How do you render 'not being able*? Do you know any other form of possum, and any other words meaning ' I am able' ? 2. What peculiarities are there in the conjugation of fero? Give the 2nd singular present and future indicative, and present and imperfect subjunctive active and passive, of fero. 3. Give the present and imperfect subjunctive and the imperative of fio, nolo, eo. 4. What contractions are there for visne, si vis, si vultis? What other forms are there of edis, edit, ederem, editur, edam ? Account for them. 5. What is the English of salve, ave, vale, age, apage, cedo, cette ? 6. Give a list of impersonal verbs with their meaning and construction. Conjugate 'I must play', in Latin. 7. Give instances of deponents which use their perfect participle both actively and passively. 8. Put into Latin: (1) I thought he was dying. (2) I knew he would have come if he had been able. (3) I will prevent them from returning the money. (4) Whether the king is white or black, he is not a person we can despise. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 21 XVII. 1. What are patronymics? Form patronymics from Aeacus, Tantalus, Perseus, Aeneas. 2. What are the diminutives of flos, bos, avis, rete, oculus, lapis, catena, signum, pars? 3. Mention adjectives derived from rex, alius, servus, navis, miles, mare, senex, imperator, Cannae, Tarentum, Antium. 4. Explain with illustrations the force of the endings -ax, -bundus, -etum, -men, -fer, -eus, -osus. 5. What are the feminines of Thrax, Ores, Tros, Phoenix, verres, bos, gallus, gener, verna; and the masculines of anus, leaena, femina, capella? 6. Mention abstract nouns derived from rex, servus, testis, cliens, potens, fortis, aeger, novus, bonus, vir. 7. State in what particulars the conjugation of a deponent verb differs from that of a passive verb. How does Latin supply the place of the perfect participle active? 8. Put into Latin: (1) The general took the city and set it on fire. (2) The enemy having burnt the city departed home. (3) Anyone can do this. (4) What o'clock is it? (5) If he had shown himself brave, he would still be alive. 22 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. XVIII. 1. What is the force of the termination in dume- tum, armarium, misellus, diuturnus, rapax, amator, aegritudo, amabilis, Pelopides, agmen? 2. Parse: satis, poti, seni, farier, fuat, pone, nosti, exstinxem, repostus, amarunt, rexere. 3. What is the meaning of nedum, scilicet, quippe, denuo, saltern, parum, nimis, quorsum, and hactenus? 4. Give the infinitive, future perfect indicative, and future participle of occido, ref ercio, sentio, pasco, incendo, pendo, occulo, gigno, meto, necto, elicio, allicio, spargo, tero, resto. 5. Form diminutives from fabula, miser, scutum, homo, virgo, corona, pars, lapis. 6. Decline in the singular fides, exul, sospes, pubes; in the plural, vetus, nostras, portus, magistratus. 7. What is the Latin for famous, large, honest, glorious, crime, fatal, occupy, obtain ? The English of famosus, largus, honestus, gloriosus, crimen, f atalis, occupo, obtineo ? 8. Put into Latin: (1) How hard it is to tell when the fleet is likely to reach harbour. (2) Who is afraid of their not subduing the barbarians? (3) Let us inquire of the travellers their destination and their object in making such a long journey. (4) That is a proof of the superiority of water over wine. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 23 XIX. 1. Conjugate the present indicative and imperfect subjunctive of orior and potior. Give the meaning of exulo, vapulo, fisus sum, iuratus, pransus; and the future participle of orior, morior, moror, and ordior. 2. Write down the principal parts of paveo, serpo, pango, incesso, molo, texo, meto, fallo, retundo, percello, amicio, saepio, sarcio, comperio, gaudeo, fateor, fatiscor, fido, and concino. 3. Parse: quaesumus, visit, repostus, hauri, teres, subito, sitis, reris, deris, ventus, and conditus. 4. Give the 1st person singular future indicative and imperfect subjunctive of the verbs from which these words come: questus, revinctus, pensum, mensae, discretus, aptus. 5. Parse: ausit, fuat. Distinguish the uses of dicit and inquit. 6. What is meant by a periphrastic tense? Give examples. 7. Translate: (a) Tu recte vivis si curas esse quod audis. (6) Altero oculo captus. (c) Quotus quisque est qui me amet. 8. Derive: bruma, integer, humilis, debilis, naufra- gus, malo, supplex, comburo. 9. Put into Latin: (1) As this is so, let us start. (2) As I was crossing the bridge I saw your father. (3) I will do as you bid. (4) The storm is not so great as I have seen before. 24 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. XX. 1. Make and translate short sentences to illustrate the use of quisque, quis, quisquam, quivis, quidam, quicunque, aliquis, and quisquis. 2. Distinguish between ambo, uter, uterque, and quisque. 3. Form inceptive verbs from ardeo, tremo, durus; frequentative verbs from rogo, terreo; desiderative from edo, pario. Give the meaning and principal parts of the derivative verbs so formed. 4. How many words are there in Latin for ' He 5. What are anomalous verbs? Give an example. 6. Give the 1st person singular of each tense indicative and subjunctive, and the infinitive and participle of coepi, odi, memini, with meanings. What is used as the passive of odi? 7. Conjugate aio in the present indicative and subjunctive; inquam in the future and perfect indicative; fari in the present indicative. 8. Put into oratio recta: (1) Dixit se si quid haberet daturum. (2) Dixit se si quid habuisset daturum fuisse. (3) Dixit se si quid audiisset nuntiaturum. 9. Put into Latin: (1) He pretended to fly. (2) He was the last to reach the goal. (3) The longer you remain here the worse will the disease be. (4) He is too powerful to be resisted. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 25 XXI. 1. Give the principal parts of occulo, aboleo, adolesco, ordior, pando, paciscor, compesco, per- petior, pendeo, fingo, ex-plaudo, -exposco, prandeo, psallo, pingo, rado, repo, salio (2), scisco, sculpo, scindo, sugo, taedet, tergeo, trudo, vergo. Where you can, give an English word derived from each supine. 2. What is the nominative plural of hie, aliquis, quis, vetus, sospes, ferax, pecus (2), lepus, vis, nos- tras; the dative and ablative singular of prior, tigris, Circe, Prusias, paries, dives, torrens; the geni- tive plural of vates, sedes, penates > parens, and mensis ? 3. Compare: egenus, beneficus, posterus, vafer, novus, amabilis, pronus, ingens, ferus, promptus. 4. Decline in full, domus; in the plural only, sus, quercus, penus, ater, acus, conatus, talentum; in the singular only, virus, alter, and solus. 5. What sorts of words of the 2nd declension are feminine? Give six feminines and three neuters. 6. Mention six nouns used in the singular only, six in the plural only. In what sense is the plural of vinum, aes, caro,. and nix used? 7. Form adjectives from acer, nix, corpus, lacrima, servus, mare, Antium, Hispania, and navis. 8. Put into Latin: (1) They sank six men-of-war before owning themselves beaten. (2) Ask him if he knows the hour of sunrise. (3) If you repent your crime you will be pardoned. 26 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. XXII. 1. Mention the genitive and ablative, singular and plural, of amphora, apis, auspex, ancile, caelicola, compes, iugerum, merx, nummus, vas (2), vir, vis. 2. Give two or more meanings to each of the following words, marking the quantity where neces- sary: acer, fides, rei, solis, late, esse, securis, vadis, vites, voles, mensis, reliqui. 3. What are the diminutives of homo, mulier, scutum, parvus, miser? What rule is there for the gender of diminutives? 4. Write down the future participle of haurio, haereo, prodo, prodeo, patior, vincio, fero; and the first singular imperfect subjunctive of do, rapio, sentio, veto, posco, iaceo, iacio. 5. What is peculiar in the conjugation of do? What is the rule for forming the perfect of re- duplicating verbs when compounded with a pre- position? What exceptions? 6. Compound the following, and give their prin- cipal parts: con-quaero, con-laedo, con-uro, ab-iacio, de-cado, ob-caedo, ab-f ero, trans-iacio, per-lacio, sub- rego. 7. Put into Latin: (1) We have been waiting for three days. (2) I am convinced the enemy are at hand. (3) It is said that Homer was blind. (4) How many are there of you present? LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 27 XXIII 1. Mention some classes of adjectives which do not compare. Compare gracilis, dexter, potis, and the adjectives from infra, supra, post, and prae. 2. Form adjectives from aurum, fermm, quercus, palus, loquor, mons, terra, facio, horreo. 3. Give the Latin for the day of the month and year on which you are doing this paper, and explain how the days of the month were reckoned. 4. Give the Latin for 48, 125, 85 a-piece, 300 times, 2000th, 16 each. 5. What is the Latin for: (a) Anyone can do this. (6) If anyone comes, (c) Don't tell anyone, (d) All have some talent, (e) Is there any news? 6. Conjugate the imperative passive of rego, facio, capio; the present subjunctive of possum and malo; the future perfect of fero and nolo. Mark the quantity of the penultimate in fieri, possumus, velitis, haberem, sustuli, impuli, reditis. 7. What is the English of redite, reddite, ferre, ferris, laturus, esse, esset, fi, fandi, oderis, iura? 8. Put into Latin: (1) What you say is true. (2) Tell us what you think. (3) What o'clock is it? (4) They are not so great as they seem. 28 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. XXIV. 1. What words and classes of words in the 1st and 2nd declensions form their genitive plural in -um ? 2. Explain the terms ' heteroclite ' and 'hetero- geneous' nouns, and give examples. What other forms are there of vesper, crater, diluvium, penus, praesepe ? 3. Distinguish in meaning: cerasus, cerasum; malus, malum; pirus, pirum; and give the plural of locus, sibilus, Tartarus. 4. Give the meaning in the singular and the plural of cera, castrum, finis, gratia, opera, pars, copia, sal, tabula, and epulum; and mention six words used in the singular only, six in the plural only. 5. Write down the meaning, gender, genitive singular and plural of iecur, iter, supellex, iusiur- andum, and paterfamilias. 6. What are the feminines corresponding to mas, gener, senex, verna, taurus, verres, haedus, socer, poeta, leo, Threx, Tros, Laco? 7. What is meant by '-us pure'? Compare stren- uus, iniquus, diu, carus, igneus. 8. Put into Latin: (1) After a protracted struggle our men repulsed the enemy. (2) The snow is too deep to admit of our walking. (3) Are you not ashamed to have spoken so often? LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 29 XXV. 1. Classify the different kinds of adverbs. 2. How are adverbs formed from adjectives? Form adverbs from tutus, magnus, bonus, audax, celer, parvus, and compare them. Also from supplex, antiquus, omnis, gradus, alius, tot. 3. Give the other degrees of comparison of ocius, nuper, satis, secus, proxime, intime, minus. 4. Show with examples the difference between plus and magis. 5. When would you translate 'no longer 'by non diutius, when by non iam? Put into Latin: This happens daily. The famine grows worse daily. We are daily expecting troops. Distinguish between rursus, iterum; iam, nunc; ante, antea, antequain; alias, alibi. 6. What are correlatives ? Give instances. 7. Decline in the singular, vitis, vitta, virtus, verus, virus, aer, aes, palus(2), aequor, equa; in the plural, partus, pars, portus, salus, saltus, aequus, aequor. 8. Put into Latin: (1) Tell me where you are going. (2) Tell him to come here. (3) How glorious it is to die for one's country. (4) The enemy were advancing as quickly as possible. 30 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. XXVI. 1. Give the gender, ablative singular, and genitive plural of crus, alvus, nemus, uber, pater, servitus. 2. What are the full forms of amarit, ditiorem, norunt, repostus, denum talentum, explesti? 3. Give the English of post nostram memoriam, suffragium ferre, receptui canere, sui arbitrii esse ; vox recti, praetoria navis, post captam urbem, e sententia navigare. 4. Derive: negotium, intellego, obedio, cogo, nun- dinae, pergo, egregius, occido, acquire, praetor, scilicet. 5. Correct the folio wing: Ei hoc facientes poenam dabunt; Balbus et pater suus adsunt; num scis quod faciendum est? persuadeor ut hoc faciam; Roma perventa, nuntia quod accidit; and give reasons for any changes you make. 6. What id the Latin for 'Caesar's murderers'? What does 'Caesaris interfectores' mean? 7. Put into oratio recta: (Turnus videt) infractos esse adverse Marte Latinos, sua nunc promissa reposci. 8. Put into Latin: (1) He said this to deceive us. (2) Ask him to come as soon as possible. (3) In the middle of the road stood a chariot. (4) His father and mine lived for some years together. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 31 XXVII. 1. What is the uncontracted form of nauta, surgo, bruma, prudens, salictum, agmen? What are the verbs corresponding to spatium, nix, pluvia, aqua, piscis, poena, sors, custos? 2. Give the cardinal, ordinal, distributive, and adverbial numeral for 19, 68, 155, 2000, 827, 55,000. How did the Romans reckon the year? What is the Latin for B.C. 53; A.D. 153? 3. Give the various meanings of ales, arce, miser- am, profecto, veteris, aggere, fides, serta, and sui. Translate: signa ferre, aliquem in oculis fero, iter ad urbem fert, ferre et agere, animus f ert, palmam ferre, virtutem prae se ferre, f ama eadem fert, dixisse fertur, sententiam ferre, rogationem ferre. 4. Parse: osuros, semisse, oriundus, sustulere, des- titi, itur, ferient, avia, deris, infit, aurium. 5. Put into oratio obliqua: 'Iniussu tuo, imper- ator, extra ordinem numquam pugnaverim, non si certam victoriam videam; si tu permittis, volo ego illi beluae ostendere me ex ea familia ortum quae Gallos ex rupe Tarpeia deiecit '. 6. Put into Latin: (1) The battle of Cannae was fought on the 2nd of August, B.C. 216. (2) Who defeated the French on the 18th of June, 1815? (3) That house is half as large again as ours. 32 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. XXVIII. 1. What is a preposition? What is peculiar in the use of tenus and versus? Also of cum with pronouns ? 2. Which prepositions govern both the accusa- tive and the ablative, and with what difference of meaning? 3. Translate: ad unum, apud Livium, apud me multum valet, inter se diligunt, penes te hoc est, post hominum memoriam, per me licet tibi, omnes praeter me, secundum flumen, secundum pugnam, sub umbras venit, sub lucem, maior in dies, a dextro cornu, a senatu sto, de republica actum est, de in- dustria, e sententia, quid in nobis fecit? pro benevo- lentia tua, unus erat pro exercitu. 4. Put into Latin: Under his leadership. I can scarcely speak for joy. I feel sure of this. From the front of the rampart. To deserve well of the state. From boyhood. At the court of Mithri- dates. One after another. Your kindness towards me. Next to heaven I rely on you. I pray you by the gods. Near Cannae. 5. Is ' venit ad Romam ' good Latin ? How does it differ from 'venit Romam'? What is the rule for the use of prepositions with verbs of motion? 6. Put into Latin: (1) They asked my advice as to whether in acting thus they would be consulting their own interests. (2) Added to this, he is elo- quent. (3) Old age is naturally rather talkative. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 33 XXIX. 1. Give the meaning, gender, genitive singular and plural of par, later, &cer, marmor, ardor, arbor ? f ulgur, pubes, cinis, Venus, f rigus, foedus, crus, grus, sol, pulmo. 2. What is the accusative and the ablative singu- lar of sagax, minor, iuvenis, venter, hastile, rete, amans, servilis, hebes, prudens, supplex, caries? 3. Mention some heteroclite adjectives and some that are defective in number or case. Decline in full plus. 4. Give the comparative and superlative of hu- milis, utilis, maturus, liber, paratus. Mention four words to express 'last', and give the Latin for 'You will be the last to arrive'. 5. Add suffixes to ego, tu, suo, ruea, and decline in the singular istic. 6. In what ways can ' reciprocal ' action be ex- pressed in Latin ? 7. Write down the cardinal, ordinal, distributive, and adverbial numeral of 41, 78, 600, 22, 10,000, 13. 8. What is the Latin for 'one house' (aedes), 'two forts', 'three letters', 'six children', 'twenty- one soldiers'? 9. Put into Latin: (1) He thinks he can still run fast. (2) He punishes his children to improve their character. (3) "Where are you going to, pretty maid?" (4) "I'm going to milk the cows," she answered. (M450) C 34 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. XXX. 1. Parse in as many ways as possible the follow- ing words: vis, is, adeo, soli, amare, passus, cretus, serit, ora, f eris, vita, vites, nostras, menti, rati, f uga, libro, libris. 2. Distinguish between ver&, vere; luc&, luce; comes, comes; plSga, plaga; veni, veni; populus, populus; manet, manet; mane, mane; occidit, occidit; f re turn, f return; condltus, condltus; lepores, lepores; pila, plla; paret, paret. 3. What difference in meaning is there between armi and arma; dolus and dolor; opes and opem; auris, aura, aurum, ora; appellare and appellere; ergo, erga, and versus? 4. Distinguish between quattuor, quater, quater- nus, quartus, quadrus, quartanus, quadrimus, quad- rans. 5. Write short sentences, and translate them, to illustrate the difference between quisquam, quisquis, aliquis, quivis, quisque, uter, uterque. 6. What difference of meaning is there between 'nescio quis loquitur' and 'nescio quis loquatur'? 7. Put into Latin in as many ways as possible: (1) The general sent officers to explore the neigh- bourhood. (2) The consul entered the city without being addressed by anyone. (3) He never saw me without laughing. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 35 XXXI. 1. Parse in as many ways as possible and give the meanings of cane, ferri, generi, memores, orbi, pugnis, specula, tela, veniam, salis, satis, ara, ero, noto. 2. Distinguish between seni, seni; vado, vado; reduces, reduces; nota, nota; misere, misere; latere, later e; acer, acer; ca"nes, canes; comas, comas; egere, egere; levis, laevus, levis; labor, labor. 3. What is the difference in meaning between mors and nex; cruor and sanguis; callidus and calidus; inimicus and hostis; patria, terra, and rus; egeo and careo; cogito, existimo, and puto; metuo, timeo, and vereor ? 4. What is the Latin for 'a mortal wound', 'to ascend the throne', 'to prove victorious', 'to express one's sentiments', 'the house in the marsh', 'the word pleasure', 'the man at the helm'? 5. Distinguish the use and meaning of antea, ante, antequam; nubo and duco; libertus and libertinus; alius and alter; dicta dare and verba dare. 6. Give the derivation of regio, arvum, egregius, exul, bruma, ambitus. 7. Put into oratio obliqua: 'Ne ob earn rem aut tuae magno opere virtuti tribueris aut nos despexeris'. 8. Put into Latin: (1) The crafty Antony stirred up the common people. (2) When are they likely to come ? I would say if I knew. (3) He is worthy to be loved. (4) I was not the man to act unjustly. 36 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. XXXII. 1. Decline in the singular gener, miles, coniunx, celer; and in the plural mare, nox, vas, dives. Give the genders of arbor, fides, honor, orbis, virtus, as, finis, margo, legio. 2. Compare: cito, facilis, frugi,grandis,prope,tener. 3. Decline in the singular quilibet, alius; in the plural ego, alter. 4. Write out the perfect indicative of prodo; the pluperfect subjunctive of nolo; the imperative active of duco. Give the principal parts of arcesso, augeo, proficiscor, retineo, veto. 5. Parse: laberis, vellet, usam, oderit, nosse, fili. 6. What is the construction of verbs of threaten- ing? Explain the term 'ablative absolute'. Give examples of each. 7. Explain the construction of: (a) Parcere victis est victoris. (b) lit mulieri servitum. (c) Os um- erosque deo similis. 8. Correct the errors in: (1) Imperatus sum hoc facere. (2) Si eum vides, quaere si hie venturus est. (3) Gaius et suus frater non sunt digni credi. 9. Put into Latin: (1) I sent some men to ask for money. (2) I fear I shall not see him. (3) Go home: after so many and so great labours you need rest. (4) Let us ask him why he did not tell the truth. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 37 XXXIII 1. Decline in the singular lacus, merces, ebur; in the plural vir, salus, volnus. Give the ablative plural of filia and coniux, and the gender of nemus, humus, piscis, seges, crinis. 2. Write down the other degrees of comparison of acer, iuvenis, plurimum, nequam, humiliter, proxime. 3. Decline throughout all genders iste, celer in the singular; par, quidam in the plural. 4. Write out the imperative of sum; the present indicative passive of fero; and give the first per- son singular perfect indicative active and the supine of lavo, quaero, reperio, cognosce. 5. Parse the following words, giving the principal parts of each verb, the gender and genitive singular of each noun: ablatam, trivere, foedere, inquitis, alas, alas, feris (2). 6. What cases are found with miser eor, rogo, accuso, indulgeo, potior, indignus? Illustrate. 7. Translate (explaining the syntax of italicized words): (1) Quot annos Athenis habitavit? (2) Haec sibi curae esse respondit. (3) Scisne quanti hortos emeriti (4) Auxilii ferendi causa pro- ficiscitur. 8. Put into Latin: (1) To be happy we have need of virtue. (2) The next day he repented his crime. (3) Tell me whom you saw at Comum. (4) Caesar is too strong to be defeated. 38 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. XXXIV. 1. Decline in the singular dies, aper, onus; in the plural nix, ordo, genu. Give the dative plural of vis and eques, and the gender of cor, virtus, virus, amnis, robur. 2. Compare utilis, diu, aeger, male, infra, benevo- lus. 3. Decline in full aliquis; celeber in the singular; duo, atrox in the plural. 4. Parse (giving the principal parts of each verb, the gender and genitive singular of each noun): aperi, manui, subegistis, memento, velis, velis. 5. How are verbs that govern the dative used in the passive ? Mention three verbs that govern the genitive, the dative, and the ablative respectively. 6. What cases are used with coram, tenus, prae? Make short sentences to illustrate. 7. Translate and explain the construction of the italicized words: (1) Terribiles visu formae. (2) Velim has litteras scribas. (3) Edocet quot viro- rum morte constiterit victoria. 8. Put into Latin: (1) He was followed by fifteen slaves, all of whom he had captured a few days before. (2) He called Balbus and warned him not to stay at Rome. (3) When shall you and I enjoy leisure again? LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 39 XXXV. 1. Give (a) the genitive singular of ales, servitus, pauper; (b) the ablative plural of dea, gurges, laurus; (c) the comparative and superlative of audacter, gracilis, sapiens. 2. Distinguish between the meanings of quisquis and quisque; opem and opes; paro, pario, and pareo; queror and quaero. 3. Explain the construction of: (a) Cave sis niemor eius virtutum. (b) Sol est multis partibus maior luna. (c) Exercitu tria millia passuum progressus est. 4. Parse: egeris, ablato, seniori, memento, tene, serius, torques. 5. Give the principal parts of gigno, tango, orior, cresco, coquo, nequeo, repello. 6. Write out the present subjunctive of suadeo; the future indicative of morior; the three participles of reperio. 7. What are the meanings and constructions of miseret, rogo, licet, fretus? Give examples. 8. Explain with examples: cognate accusative, ablative absolute, consecutive clause, ethic dative, dative of person judging. 9. Put into Latin: (1) Tell me why you have come. (2) I hope you will spare your son. (3) You should look before you leap. (4) Are you not ashamed of the crime you have committed? 40 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. XXXVI. 1. Give (a) the genitive singular of compos, alius, Aeneas, praeceps; (6) genitive plural of comes, domus, urbs; (c) comparative and superlative of diu, providus, saluber. 2. Distinguish between the meanings of littera and litterae; gratia and gratiae; aedes (singular) and aedes (plural); culpa, scelus, crimen; omnes, cunctus, uni versus, totus; puto, cogito; lacertus, lacerta; hor- ror, timor. 3. Decline: paterfamilias, iste, ambo, quisque, and alteruter. 4. Parse: quemquam, patere, securim, solvere, orbi. 5. Give the principal parts of tollo, frango, sono, nolo, soleo. Conjugate the present subjunctive of malo; future indicative of utor; imperfect subjunc- tive of fero, fio, eo, and iacio. 6. Explain the case or mood of: (a) Quid mihi Celsus agit? (b) Mutare pacem bello. (c) Nihil est quod tarn miseros facial quam impietas. (d) Solito maior numerus. 7. Illustrate by short sentences the construction of refert, coram, quamvis, quippe. 8. Put into Latin: (1) The temple is two miles away from the city. (2) Wait till I come. (3) He replied that he would have gone away unless I had forbidden him. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 41 XXXVII. 1. Give the gender and genitive plural of compes, socrus, iuger, heros, mus, scriba; the accusative singular and nominative plural of ipse, quivis, celer; the comparative and superlative of providus, con- stans, post, dexter. 2. Give perfect, infinitive, and supine of veneo, iuro, statuo, teneo, dissentio; future simple of fio; present subjunctive of reor; and all the infinitives and participles of utor. 3. Parse and give the meanings of f erris, verberes, ieris, latere, moriere, torque, and dedit. 4 How do you express in Latin wish, quality, agent, comparison? Make short sentences in illus- tration. 5. What are the meanings and constructions of the following words: prae, consulo, quisquam, licet, num, minor, persuadeo? 6. Give instances of desiderative, inceptive, fre- quentative verbs, and explain their formation. 7. Put into Latin: (1) By the laws of Sulla no tribune was allowed to become consul. (2) I am afraid you will repent of your folly too late. (3) Which of the two women do you love? I should prefer to marry neither. 42 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. XXXVIII. 1. Give the gender and genitive of pinus, supel- lex, vim en, lepus, abies, socer, bos, latus; the com- parative of nequam, exiguus, velox, magnopere; the superlative of malus, aeger, multus, facile. 2. Give the perfect infinitive and supine of pasco, tono, tollo, haurio, tondeo; the 2nd singular in all tenses of nolo; the 2nd singular imperfect indica- tive and subjunctive of possum and potior. 3. Parse and give the English of prodest, ineunte, utrivis, effossi, scelere, tribui, novi, nube. 4. Give three examples each of nouns: (1) used only in the plural; (2) changing their meaning in the plural; (3) defective in case. 5. Show by examples the cases governed by desum, poenitet, potior, opus est, celo, circumdo. 6. When do cum, dum, and qui take the sub- junctive? Construct sentences in illustration. 7. Translate into Latin: (1) He begged that the enemy might be spared. (2) He says he will return home. (3) He hoped that Carthage would have been destroyed. (4) It cannot be denied that he has used his time foolishly. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 43 XXXIX. 1. Give the ablative singular, genitive plural, and gender of vis, vir, mare, miles, nix, facinus, iubar, deses, mas. 2. What is the comparative of malus, pulcher, parvus, and the superlative of similis, inferus, multus, velociter? 3. Give the perfect infinitive and supine of fingo, scindo, tero, iubeo, pello, sono; the 1st person imper- fect subjunctive of eo and volo; the 2nd person singular imperative of ingredior, dico, efficio. 4. Show by examples the cases governed by im- pero, caveo, placeo, iuvo, noceo, consulo, plenus, sup- pedito, dignus, tenus. 5. Parse and give the English of oblitus, iaceret, diutius, querar, conferti, ferite, noceri, soceri, pares. 6. Distinguish between is and ille, qui and quis, alius and alter, vendo and veneo, severis and seVeris, callis and calles, fasti and fastus. 7. What cases are used to express time and place ? Give examples. 8. Translate into Latin: (1) They said nobody would be able to help him. (2) What does it matter to you what harm he does himself ? (3) The Volsci lost the best city they had. (4) I am not the man to do this. 44 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. XL. 1. Give the genitive singular of filius, nix, cinis, sus, totus, superstes; the genitive plural of mons, nummus, pauper; the comparative of senex, magno- pere; and the superlative of facilis, mutus, novus, antiquus. 2. Decline vulgus, dives, tres, vetus, olus, dos, arundo, Apollo, vervex. 3. Parse: inquam, quoque, parsum, humi, iure- iurando, deme. 4. (a) Give the meaning and principal parts of tango, audeo, vivo, iuvo, comperio, operio, tego, sterno, aboleo, sino, cieo. (6) Conjugate the present sub- junctive of volo, imperfect subjunctive of patior, present indicative of possum, and give all the tenses of the infinitive of fero. 5. Construct short sentences to show how you can express in Latin (a) purpose, (6) time during which, (c) price. 6. What construction do you use with oportet, vereor, dum, sub, posthabeo, circumdo? 7. Classify the chief uses of the dative case. 8. Put into Latin: (1) He is too sensible to do that. (2) It is now sixty years since he died. (3) I hope he will go away before I return. (4) Would I had been able to help him ! LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 45 XLI. 1. Give the first person plural future and imper- fect indicative of possum, gero, pereo, saevio, oro, queror, sperno. 2. Give the genitive singular and plural of nubes, parens, opus, cassis, grates, quercus, sermo. 3. Write out the singular of is, celer, domus, supellex. 4. Parse and give the meaning of nivem, ele- phantis, sceleri, paludi, doli, mori, quoque, clavi, crevi, rueris, palus, semisse, talis. 5. Give an example of an impersonal verb, a deponent verb, a defective verb, a semi- deponent verb, and an intransitive verb. 6. Give examples of the construction of quin, dum, ne, poenitet, interest, licet, pertinet. 7. Write short sentences to illustrate the differ- ence in use and meaning between post, postea, and postquam; ibi, ubi, unde, and quo; hie, hue, and hinc; quantus, qualis, and quot. 8. Put into Latin: (1) If he were made consul, I should go to Capua. (2) Unless you had forgiven me I should never have returned. (3) I asked her to come when she could. (4) I will send the biggest book I have. 46 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. XLII. 1. Write down (a) the gender and genitive singular of seges, silex, career, tibicen, olor; (6) comparative and superlative of sacer, dives, saepe, velox; (c) prin- cipal parts of corripio, sterno, texo, tollo, metior; (d) cases governed by super, instar, circum, ob. 2. Give the Latin for March 15, 1897; where do you come from? how old are you? blind of an eye; it is said that he is a sailor; the battle of Cannae; many men, many minds. 3. Explain and illustrate by examples (a) dativus commodi, (6) accusative of duration of time, (c) in- ceptive verb, (d) reflexive pronoun. 4. Give with examples the usual constructions of muto, ignosco, moneo, desino, caveo. 5. Explain heres ex asse, consul suffectus, ver sacrum, dies nefastus, triarii, appellatio, lustrum. 6. Parse in as many ways as possible: ora, vis, auri, latere, mane, vere, leges, indices, teres, parti, salis, nares. 7. Put into Latin: (1) He ordered the sailors not to go so near the shore. (2) I hope to be able to accomplish the work. (3) The load was too heavy to bear. (4) Pompey must spare Metellus. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 47 XLHI. 1. Give (a) the nominative singular of corda, heroum, ora, grandine; (6) dative singular of nux, iecur, porticus, Aeneas; (c) genitive plural of lex, dies, vis, animal; (d) ablative plural of equa, duplex, iugerum, princeps; (e) gender of grex, laurus, Hadria, caro, comes. 2. Give the principal parts of tondeo, adicio, con- tundo, seco, perfero, surgo, concino, repo, sperno. 3. What is the Latin for 18 days, 5000 men, they hate one another, the fifth hour, three apples apiece, whichever, my own wish? 4. Show, with an example of each, the case re- quired after a verb of teaching, an adjective of want, prope, piget, and the mood after quamvis, postea- quam, persuadeo, licet, veto. 5. Write a full account of the uses of dum, quin, nisi. 6. Explain the expressions vir consularis, tri- clinium, praetor peregrinus, tribuni militum, de caelo servare. 7. Put into Latin: (1) He was his own enemy rather than mine. (2) She could not tell me whether my brother had favoured the party of Caesar or not. (3) In spite of your opposition he was elected consul yesterday. 48 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. XLIV. 1. Write down (a) the gender and genitive singular of incus, cos, nix, crus, arcus, latro; (6) meaning and comparative of audacter, iuvenis, dives, hilaris; (c) principal parts of fingo, meto, torreo, aufero, pario, tero, nanciscor, accedo. 2. Give the Latin for in my power, as far as the knees, I am believed, three camps, at nightfall, three times, Dec. 10th. 3. Give one clear instance to explain the con- struction of impero, rogo, quippe qui, damno, expers, oportet, spero, impero. 4. In what ways may (1) a purpose, (2) a wish, be expressed in Latin? Give instances. 5. Explain the following words and phrases tribus praerogativa, intercedere, supplicatio, rostra, novus homo, latus clavus. 6. Parse the following words ancipiti, vellera, solius, ovilibus, coalueris, accingi, perlegas, mares. 7. Put into Latin: (1) This burden is far heavier than I can bear. (2) It is not all up with us yet: let those laugh that win. (3) There were some who thought that the enemy might have been resisted before he reached the walls. (4) He is an object of universal hatred. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 49 XLV. 1. Write down (a) the gender and genitive singular of caespes, dos, acus, cortex, nauta, pelagus, genus, and caro; (6) meaning and comparative of diu, rapax, munificus, vetus; (c) principal parts of lavo, sepelio, ordior, frango, caedo, gigno, meto; (d) mean- ing of and cases governed by erga, apud, prae, penes. 2. Give the Latin for any you will, three apiece, July 20th, 4000 soldiers, by the gods, unsuccessfully, in my opinion, towards evening. 3. Give instances to show the meaning and con- struction of poenitet, potior, circumdo, quisquam, moneo. 4. Classify, with instances, the various meanings of ut and quam. 5. Explain the following words and phrases: libros adire, atrium, lectisternium, sportula, Tulli- anum, provocatio. 6. Turn into oratio obliqua: 'Habetis libertatem, Campani, quam petistis: foro medio, videntibus vobis, ego vinctus ad mortem rapior. Ite obviam Hannibali, exornate urbem.' 7. Put into Latin: (1) Do not do this, for if you did it you would be wrong. (2) What have I done to deserve so great a punishment as this ? (3) They want to persuade me it is my interest to say who can be believed. (M450) D 50 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. XLVI. 1. Decline in the singular humus, iter, radix; in the plural res, frigus, nepos. Write down the dative plural of comes and bos; and the gender of pestis, rnel, marmor, ignis, tellus. 2. Give the other degrees of comparison of hu- milis, idoneus, proxime, liber, graviter, posterus. 3. Decline in the singular alius, ater; in the plural idem, dives. 4. Write out the present subjunctive of nolo; the imperfect subjunctive of fio. Give the 1st person perfect indicative of cresco, proficiscor, mico, tendo. 5. Parse, giving the principal parts of verbs, the gender and genitive of nouns: quaesivero, sustulis- tis, reges, reges, iureiurando, coepisse. 6. What constructions are used with verbs of fearing? What cases are used with suadeo, utor, taedet, polliceor? 7. Explain the construction of: (1) Consul, ne segnis sederet, quinque millia militum ad urbem oppugnandam misit. (2) Respondit Fulvius se, quae consule absente acta essent, fama iam audi- visse. 8. Put into Latin: (1) There is nothing to hinder you from speaking the truth. (2) He was accused of theft and very nearly condemned. (3) We must spare the man who has saved our city. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 51 XLVIL 1. Give the gender and dative singular of arctus, nurus, mus; vocative and ablative singular of domus and liber; genitive plural of canis and prin- ceps; and the other degrees of comparison of nequam, senex, celeber, tutissime, audacter. 2. Give the first person singular perfect indica- tive and imperfect subjunctive active and the supine of fero, nolo, perspicio, rapio, sino, suadeo, sustineo, texo, veto, vincio. 3. (a) Give the meaning of quisquis, quivis, ali- quis, quisquam. Construct and translate sentences in illustration. (6) Translate: (1) He was the first to arrive. (2) A ditch four feet broad. (3) He takes from Cicero what he gives to Caesar. 4. Translate, remarking on the construction of words in italics: (1) Quanti emptum est? Parvo. (2) Caesar Aeduos frumentum quod polliciti essent flagitabat. (3) Suo cuique iudicio utendum est. (4) Suos hortatur ut fortem animum gererent. 5. What compounds of cado have a supine, and what is their supine? What is the perfect of com- pounds of cano? 6. Put into Latin: (1) I saw him the day before he died. (2) You ask me what advice I give. (3) I have no doubt he will come. (4) The later the better. 52 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. XLVIII. 1. Decline in the singular dies, aper, onus; in the plural nix, ordo, genu. Give the dative plural of vis, eques, and the gender of cor, virtus, virus, amnis, robur. 2. Write down the other degrees of comparison of utilis, diu, aeger, male, imus, benevolus. 3. Decline in the singular aliquis, celeber; in the plural duo, atrox. 4. Write out the imperfect subjunctive of sequor, the perfect subjunctive active of fero, and give the 1st person perfect indicative of condo, fingo, audeo, verto. 5. Parse aperi, manui, subegistis, memento, velis, velis, conferti, insignis. 6. Mention three verbs which are used with the ablative, three with the genitive. Show how verbs that take a dative are used in the passive. 7. Translate and explain the construction of the words in italics: (1) Terribilis auditu sonus. (2) Triste lupus stabulis. (3) Illud animal quern vocamus hominem. (4) Edocet quanto usuifuerit res nostris. 8. Put into Latin: (1) He was followed by fifteen slaves, all of whom he had captured a few days before. (2) He called Balbus and warned him not to stay at Rome. (3) I was afraid of his being angry with me. (4) When shall you know if you have obtained the command? LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 53 XLIX. 1. Give the gender and genitive singular of domus, tus, deus, career, carbasus, mos, ordo, abies. 2. Write down the perfect and supine active of colo, maneo, pando, surgo, pareo, veneo, laedo, deleo. 3. Translate (noting instances of ambiguous meaning): uti, usui, utri, fandi, passus, indices, vires, vapulare, verbera. 4. Give and translate Latin sentences illustrating the uses of quamvis and quamquam; the meanings of clam and prae; the cases governed by coram and tenus. 5. Translate (explaining the construction of the words in italics): (a) Id se fatetur dolere, quod me caruerit. (6) Nolo cautum quod mentiendo sit caven- dum. (c) Stultis minitabar nisi didicissent. 6. Turn into oratio obliqua: 'Vestrum iter, milites Romani, omnia saecula laudibus ferent: sed ad conspiciendam virtutem luce opus est, nee vos digni estis quos in castra reduces nox tegat. Hie lucem quieti opperiamur.' 7. Put into Latin: (1) If to-morrow you dislike (poenitet) this place, you will move. (2) I begged him not to hurt anyone. (3) We will strive to do good to as many as possible. 54 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 1. Give the gender and genitive singular of ven- ter, rete, nux, ebur, silex, caespes, merces, olus, abies. 2. Compare fertilis, dubius, prope, frugi, taeter, utilis. 3. Write down the following: (a) 3rd person plural imperfect subjunctive of nequeo. (6) 2nd person plural imperative of memini. (c) 1st person singu- lar future perfect indicative of capesso. (d) Future participle of odi. (e) 2nd singular imperfect sub- junctive of mereor. 4. What constructions follow egeo, taedet, abdo, posco? In what constructions may intransitive verbs take an accusative? 5. Illustrate the uses of ut and ne after verbs of fearing. 6. Put into idiomatic Latin the italicized words in: (a) He was tried before a judge. (b) The day after I left you. (c) This book is the same as that. (d) He came to the aid of his friend, (e) We have too little faitfi. (/) Have you seen Rome? Yes. (g) Is this true? Not at all. (h) How few there are who do right ! 7. Point out some of the chief differences between the use of the infinitive in Latin and in English. 8. Put into Latin: (1) We once feared we should not live; we now fear to live. (2) Would we had either been silent or had spoken the truth ! (3) So far was he from repenting of his crime that he actually boasted of it. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 55 EL 1. Decline together foedum scelus, acer senex, annosa quercus. 2. Give the genders of alvus, arbor, collis, fons, f rons, ordo, porticus, pelagus, sal, ver. 3. Write down the principal parts of aboleo, caveo, cubo, divide, figo, fingo, refercio, vinco, and vincio. 4. Distinguish between venis, venis; terSs, teres; populus, populus; vires, vires; voces, voces. What is the meaning of familia, honestus, occupare, pro- babilis, and securus in classical authors? 5. Illustrate by examples the use of aut and vel, qui and quis, ut and quo, sive and utrum. 6. Explain the cases in Tres viri reipublicae constituendae; cuius es sapientiae, non erras; fies nobilium tu quoque fontium; genas lacrimis per- fusa decoras. 7. Put into Latin: (1) He resolved to send 10,000 picked men to attack the town. (2) I prefer a hundred deaths to such dishonour. (3) The hill was surrounded by a ditch more than 50 feet wide. (4) It makes a great difference whether you act deliberately or on the spur of the moment. (5) He only deserves to be praised who prefers duty to expediency. (6) He did not tell me when he would return, but promised to write. 56 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. LII. 1. Decline throughout the singular: vas (2), os (2), aes, tus, paries, palus (m.), pecus (.), marking the quantity of doubtful syllables. 2. Write down (a) the supine in -um of ab- scindo, haereo; (6) the present infinitive, active and passive, of arcesso; (c) the present infinitive of pro- gredior; (d) the future participle of vincio. 3. Name three verbs which have a perfect form but a present meaning. What meaning has the pluperfect of such verbs? 4. What are the different ways of expressing purpose in Latin? Is the infinitive ever used to express purpose? 5. Explain the different meanings of per, prae, pro, both when used simply and when used in com- pounds. 6. In how many ways can the English 'should' be rendered in Latin? Write short sentences to illustrate your answer. 7. In what way are the following defective: aio, inquam, nemo, odi? How would you reader ' I am hated by you ' ? 8. Put into Latin: (1) He is more fool than knave. (2) I would not give that for his opinion! (3) He is not the man I took him for. (4) He said he would have come had he not been prevented. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 57 LIU. 1. Decline together in the singular utra domus, quodque iusiurandum; in the plural pernix avis, vis iuvenilis. 2. Give the principal parts of the verbs from which the following coine: emensus, refertus, re- fixus, tortus, perculsus, peremptus. 3. Distinguish the senses of aequus, aequalis; arma, armus; malus, malus; oblltus, oblitus; parum, parvum; talis, talis. 4. Translate: (a) He could not speak for grief. (6) I am setting out for Athens, (c) Thirst for gold, (d) To die for one's country, (e) He sold his country for gold. 5. Correct all the faults in the following: (a) Indignus est qui credatur. (6) Veni ad Romam ut aedem Ciceronis videam. (c) Rogavi quantos fa- mulos (how many servants) cum se adduxerat. (d) Nil mihi ref ert ubi asinum perdidistis. 6. Construct sentences introducing (a) an imper- sonal passive verb, (6) a double dative, (c) a geni- tive of quality, (d) an accusative of respect, (e) an ablative of price. 7. Put into Latin: (1) It is not everyone who can face danger with calmness. (2) Brutus denied that he was ashamed of having killed Caesar. (3) Would that I had died before seeing the city burnt ! (4) It is hard to understand how it happens that so few are content with their lot. 58 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. LIV. 1. Give the present and the perfect infinitive of assentior, metior, paciscor, expergiscor, experior; and the perfect indicative and supine of ardeo, lavo, pasco, sero, vincio. 2. What is the meaning in classical Latin of aspiro, compello, mortalis, opprimo, persona, honos, succedo, sollennis? 3. Quote or construct sentences to illustrate the difference between amoenus and iucundus, nitidus and splendidus, careo and egeo, simulo and dis- simulo. 4. Translate: (a) He made a speech without persuading the jury. (6) Hardly a day passes without his visiting me. (c) He was condemned without being heard. (d) Condemned without cause. (e) He returned without effecting his purpose. (/) He stood without the walls. 5. Explain the construction of (a) Vade salu- tatum Perillam. (6) Is est qui reipublicae potius quam sibi consulat. What would consulit mean? (c) Vidi quantus erat fusum tellure cruenta. What would esset fusiis mean ? 6. Put into Latin: (1) He returned to his camp at Gergovia on the 7th July. (2) He is too kind to vent his anger on the helpless. (3) The further you sail from England the nearer you get to France. (4) The more our pleasures cost us the more anx- ious we are to purchase them. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 59 LV. 1. Write down the English, gender, and nomin- ative plural of acus, collis, calix, dens, mons, pelagus, pes, porticos, rudens, sidus. 2. What is the meaning of the singular and the plural of copia, sal, hortus, littera, opera, pars? 3. What constructions are used with emo, pendo, decet, iuvat, libet, propter, sub, and super? 4. Distinguish (giving examples) the uses of utrum and sive, ne and ut non, utinam with pre- sent and with past subjunctive. 5. Translate the following: (a) No day passed without his coming. (6) Instead of being true, it is not even possible, (c) Instead of listening, he was singing, (d) What is history but fable? (e) I can- not but weep. (/) He all but expired. 6. Write notes on the syntax of (a) Sunt qui non habeant, est qui non curat habere. (b) Urbem quam statuo vestra est. (c) Animos nil magnae laudis egentes. (d) Hoc mihi cordi est. 7. Put into Latin: (1) I hope the news will prove true, but I rather think it is false. (2) "Who knows," he used to ask, " whether death is a sleep or the beginning of another life?" (3) I am tired of speaking so often on so trite a subject. 60 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. LVI. 1. Write down the dative plural of dea, eques, seges; the ablative singular of turbo, felix, robur; the gender of acus, career, myrtus, pecten. 2. Give the perfect indicative and the future participle of retundo, sino, mulceo, concino, cogo, como, exquiro, redeo, tendo, pingo. 3. State the distinction in use between the two supines. 4. What are the ordinary constructions of gnarus, dignus, opus est, interest, posco, minari, abundo? 5. Give the cardinal, ordinal, and distributive numerals from 1 to 10; and the same for 20, 30, 300, 600, 1000. 6. Correct the following if necessary: (a) Ne me tua facinora cela. (6) Novum carmen poscor. (c) Aedes struxit ad colendum deos. (d) Opus fuit Hirtio convento. (e) Cras ad rus proficiscor. 7. Explain the case in: (1) Sedet aeternumque sedebit. (2) Quid tibi hanc tactio est? (3) Sese Caesari ad pedes proiecerunt. (4) Me libente eripies mihi hunc errorem. 8. Put into Latin: (1) Twice two are four. (2) Gaius expected to be heir to the whole property, but he was heir to three-fourths only. (3) The issue of the war was different from what had been expected. (4) The general was advised not to begin the engagement. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 61 LVII. 1. Give the gender and genitive singular and plural of obses, merces, abies, lis, semis, pulvis, anas, vas. 2. Give the nominative plural and the meaning singular and plural of opera, balneum, castrum, locus, carbasus. 3. Compare senex, nequarn, frugi, malevolus, dives, nobilis, pigre, facile. 4. Write down the third person plural of all tenses of adeo, volo, fio, edo, aufero. 5. Mark quantities of libido, diffidens, consulo, coepere, fieri, incedet, arbores, auctore, abiuro, colloco. Distinguish paret, paret; liber, liber; placet, placet; sedet, sedet; cedo, cedo. 6. Show by examples the use of quominus, potissi- mum, seu, neu, ceu, utique. 7. Explain the case in (1) Agebat consilio', (2) Mollitia animi officia deserunt: the mood and case in (3) Me caecum qui haec ante non viderim; (4) Dum ne tibi molestus videar, non laboro. 8. Put into Latin: (1) It was of great importance to Pompey that corn should be sold cheap. (2) It seems he was born at Tusculum and lived many years at Syracuse. (3) Whether he intended it or not he has harmed the Conservative party. (4) You may give the book to any one of the boys, only see that he takes it home at once. 62 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. LVIII. 1. Translate: Res ei male cesserunt; familiar! ter uti aliquo; navem appellere; gratias agere, gratiam habere; ubi terrarum est? vir trium litterarum; res repetundae; aeger animi; in sententiam ire; con- sertis manibus; eo impudentiae venit; praesto esse. 2. What is the Latin for Lost to shame; to bring an action against a man; to repeal a law; how few there are who...; wholesale slaughter; many times bigger; so far from loving I hate him; gentlemen of the jury; to hire; to put to death without a trial; to borrow money; to go bankrupt; to take to politics; to go to the Bar; statesmen; a paragon of virtue; to achieve one's purpose; the tongue of envy? 3. Give the meaning of soli (2), soli; leges (2), leges; suls, suis; teretis, teretis, teritis; territis, terretis; mole, mole; mtfra, mora, more; bidens, tridens; vita (2), vite; florS, flore; manes (2), manes; sails, salis; mentis, mentis; iacet, iaciet; teges, teges. 4. 'Aio te, Aeacida, Romanes vincere posse'; 'nobis parentibus est parendum'. Write again so as to remove the ambiguity. 5. Put into Latin: (1) The murder of Caesar proved to be the destruction of freedom. (2) Would that he had proved a juster king! (3) What was I to do? I had nothing to give. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 63 LIX. 1. Give rules for composite agreement (i.e. where a word agrees with more than one other word) as to number and gender. 2. What is the Latin for (a) Both the man and the woman are good; (6) Gaius and Balbus were good men; (c) the oak and the elm are tall by nature; (d) honours and riches are to be sought for? 3. In what person is the verb when its subjects are of different persons? Translate: You and I were present. He and you were present. He and I were present. 4. Does the relative always agree with its ante- cedent in gender? What is the Latin for Thebes, which was the capital of Boeotia? 5. Point out and explain peculiarities of agree- ment in: (a) Magna pars vulnerati sunt. (6) Capita coniurationis caesi sunt. (c) Ipse dux cum aliquot principibus capiuntur. (d) ludice, quo nosti, populo. 6. Translate: facere minimi, fac eum potuisse, facere ludos, dictum ac factum; si quid eo factum sit, quam spem habeas? 7. Put into Latin: (1) My sheep are bigger than those of the farmers. (2) Those wishing to be present give in their names. (3) I have acted thus for your sake alone. (4) I am giving you the only thing I have. 64 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. LX. 1. Define a complex sentence. Name the three kinds of subordinate clauses with an example of each. 2. Classify the following clauses: (1) Rogavit quis essem. (2) (Fieri potest) ut creetur consul. (3) (Timeo) ne moriar. (4) (Demens est) qui hoc facit. (5) (Demens est) qui hoc faciat. (6) Si potero (faciam). 3. Give instances of seven different kinds of adverbial clause. 4. Explain the difference between ne, nonne, and num in questions. 5. What particles are used in alternative ques- tions? What is the Latin for (1) Do you know this? (2) You know this, don't you? (3) You don't know this, do you? 6. Show by examples that the relative pronoun often does the work of a conjunction. 7. Give the gender, meaning, and genitive singular of satelles, praeses, pollex, stercus, and pagus; and the meaning and principal parts of velo, urgeo, algeo, molior, delitesco and struo. 8. Put into Latin: (1) Come here and see how many have been destroyed. (2) They all lay with their faces to the foe and with a fierce expression. (3) Whether he is a Roman or a foreigner he shall not command us. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 65 LXI. 1. Define ' case '. Explain and give instances of the accusative of extent, and the cognate accusa- tive. 2. What is the origin of the future infinitive passive, as in ' audio multos interf ectum iri ' ? How else might the same meaning be expressed ? 3. What verbs govern a double accusative, and what is their construction in the passive? 4. Explain the use of the accusative in the following: (a) impudentiam hominis! (6) Nee vox hominem sonat. (c) Maximam partem lacte vivunt. (d) Unum exuta pedem vinclis. (e) Fossa tres pedes lata. (/) Si quid offenderit, sibi totum, tibi nihil offendit. (g) Naucratem, quern convenire volui, in navi non erat. (h) Tuam vicem doleo. 5. Give a list of the impersonal verbs which govern the accusative, and give instances of intran- sitive verbs which take a complementary accusa- tive. 6. What is the meaning of dare operam, verba, fabulam; habere orationem, delectum, in animo, pro certo; ita res se habet; bene habet? 7. Put into Latin: (1) I look upon that friend of yours as a traitor to his country. (2) In spite of his youth, he showed himself a man of prudence. (3) He feels neither shame nor sorrow for his crime. 66 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. LXII. 1. What is the general meaning of the dative? Mention the chief verbs which are followed by a dative. What classes of adjectives and adverbs re- quire the dative? 2. Classify the uses of the dative in the following examples: (a) Frontem puero floribus ornavit. (6) Odio erat Romanis. (c) Ecce tibi exortus est Isocrates. (d) Nomen puero Egerio fuit. (e) Turres procul in- tuentibus pares. (/) Cui non sunt auditae Demos- thenis vigiliae? (g) It clamor caelo. 3. What limitations are there to the use of the predicative dative? 4. Distinguish between the meaning of metuo, consulo, tempero, moderor, caveo, with the dative and the accusative. What is the construction of circumdo, dono? Illustrate. 5. Give the English of pileo, pila, pilo, mando, tandem, piri, parci, porci, quare, domo, senti, mentum, scalae, vallum, portus, heri. 6. Put into Latin: (1) The general sounded the signal for retreat. (2) An assembly was held for the election of consuls. (3) You were not solvent. (4) The Gauls threw themselves at Caesar's feet. (5) The law is a terror to evil-doers. (6) You ought to have done this before. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 67 LXIIL 1. Translate the following and classify the uses of the genitive case : (a) Senatus Hannibalis erat, plebs Romanorum. (6) Alcibiades capitis se damnatum audivit. (c) Magni iudicii debet esse orator, (d) Quanti quisque amicos facit, tanti fit ab amicis. (e) Ultimus fuit regum Romanorum. (/) Aevi maturus. 2. In such a phrase as ' maior pars populi', do you consider 'populi' can rightly be called a partitive genitive? Give your reason, and suggest another name for the case. 3. What difference of usage is there between the ablative and the genitive of description? 4. How do you explain the case of med in ' mea refert'? 5. Change into oratio obliqua: (a) Obsides remitte: id et privatim parentibus et publice populis gratum erit. (6) Si tantum postulassent legati pro his, qui in hostium potestate sunt, sententiam peregissem. (c) Citari singulos senatores iubebo, de quorum capite vos consulam: quod de quoque censueritis, fiet. 6. What cases follow arguo, ignosco, persuadeo, recorder, attinet, impotens, compos, antepono? 7. Put into Latin: (1) They do not desire you to leave the city. (2) I cannot help thinking the state will suffer by your rashness. (3) The apple I am about to eat cost three sesterces. 68 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. LXIV. 1. What are the main uses of the ablative case? 2. Classify the ablative cases in the following: (a) Quid magis est saxo durum, quid mollius unda ? (6) Cornibus tauri se tutantur. (c) Quod non opus est, asse carum est. (d) Murus nudatus est defen- soribus. (e) Nomine non potestate fuit rex. (/) Iniuria fit duobus modis. (g) Vir fuit animo magno et corpore. (h) Nemo omnibus horis sapit. (i) Aurelia via prof ectus est. (J) Parentibus nati sunt humilibus. 3. Translate in as many ways as you can ' Te invito haec non f aciam '. 4. Give a list of the deponent verbs which govern an ablative. Why are they used with an ablative? 5. What classes of adjective are followed by an ablative? What by a genitive? Give examples. 6. ' Mortuos sepeliebant triste ministerium.' In what case are the words in italics, and why? Give rules for the case of a noun used in apposition to a sentence. 7. Put into Latin: (1) I am surprised that so shrewd a man as your brother is so often deceived. (2) What was I to do? I had no one to advise me. (3) When I asked at (ab) the door, I was told my friend was not at home. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 69 LXV. 1. Give the Latin for: To make war, peace; twice two make four; to take one's ease; to get old; get to sleep; get back the standards; get back home; get a house built; get a thing finished; get quit of; get a fever. 2. Translate and explain cases or moods: Bona tua venia; ubi terrarum es? prudentius quam audacius; ecce tibi, litteras accepi; nostra refert; per me stetit quominus ires; multo sanguine stetit vic- toria; flocci facere; apud Livium scrip turn est; torva non tuens; a tergo adoriri; ex pedibus laboro; ex sententia navigavi; annus bissextus; a.d. xiv Kal. Oct.; Idibus Octobribus; nomen lulo puero additur; amissi filii dolor. 3. Distinguish between mora and mora; foras, forum, fores, foros; pila and pila; pilum and pilus; colo and colo (2); lego and lego; venis and vems; venus and venum; questus, quaestus; anceps and auceps; velis and velis; metas and metas; patere and patere; auri, auris, aura, or& (2), ora; avia and avia; veri (2), vire. 4. Correct or justify: 'Aspice ut insignis spoliis Marcellus opimis ingreditur \ 5. Put into Latin: (1) Hardly anyone doubted he would obey that order. (2) Unaccustomed though I am to public speaking, I will say a few words. (3) The thieves, all of whom were Germans, were sent to prison. 70 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. LXVI. 1. Enumerate the different kinds of adverbial clause, with an example of each. 2. When is the perfect subjunctive used in a con- secutive clause instead of the imperfect? 3. Translate the following sentences and account for the use of the subjunctive in each case: (a) Multaque se incusat qui non acceperit Aenean. (6) Nihil est quod tarn miseros faciat quam scelus. (c) Medico puto aliquid dandum quo sit studiosior. (d) Multa quoque et bello passus dum conderet urbem. (e) Dum ne tibi segnior esse videar non laboro. (/) Nuntia patribus urbem muniant. (g) Aves pascantur necne quid ref ert ? (h) Oderint dum metuant. 4. Show by example the various ways of express- ing purpose in Latin. 5. Explain the terms 'protasis' and 'apodosis', and write short sentences to illustrate the normal forms of conditional clauses. 6. Put into Latin: (1) You will be trusted when you have shown yourself worthy of trust. (2) Xerxes offered a prize to the first man who invented a new pleasure. (3) If I had attacked him as he travelled, he would not now be here. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS 71 LXVII. 1. Distinguish between a consecutive and a con- cessive clause. What is the name of a clause that expresses a purpose? a wish? a reason? Give instances of each of these, and also of a comparative clause. 2. Give examples of ut and cum used concessively. 3. Translate: Tarn celeriter cucurrit ut anhelet; tarn celeriter cucurrit ut anhelaret; and account for the difference in tense. 4. Translate: Tan turn afuit ut eum laudarem ut culparem; in eo erat ut interficeretur; non is erat quern talia delectarent; nihil est quod sensum habeat quin pereat. Explain the subjunctive in each case. 5. Explain with examples the construction of verbs of preventing. 6. Account for the change of mood in Sunt qui non habeant, est qui non curat habere argentum. 7. Put into Latin: (1) He had no place to turn to. (2) I let no day pass without writing. (3) There is reason enough for us to be afraid. (4) There is no one but sometimes errs. (5) I cannot but admit the truth of your observations. 72 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. LXVIII. 1. Explain what is meant by the term ' compara- tive clause ', and state the rale for the use of the indicative or the subjunctive in such clauses. 2. Mention some of the commonest conjunctions used in introducing comparative clauses. 3. Translate into idiomatic English: (a) Ut sunt ita nominantur senes. (6) Magnus pavor, ut in re improvisa, fuit. (c) Quo quisque vir est honestior, eo minus alios pravis esse moribus suspicatur. (d) Tanta est tempestas quantam numquam antea vidi. 4 Translate in as many ways as you can ' With your usual kindness'. 5. What is the force of ut in the following? (a) Insignis, ut illorum temporum habitus erat, trium- phus. (6) Inermes ruebant, ut quibus nihil hostile suspectum esset. (c) Egone ut prolis meae fundam cruorem ? (d) Clarior res erat quam ut tegi posset. (e) Ut vidi, ut perii; ut me malus abstulit error. 6. Put into Latin: (1) May each of you fare in accordance with his deserts. (2) Your behaviour is not consistent with your promises. (3) You have acted with more boldness than prudence. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 73 LXIX. 1. What is meant by a 'final clause'? What are the final conjunctions? Are the perfect and plu- perfect subjunctive ever used in a final clause ? If so, how ? 2. Translate: Arcessivi copias quae impetum sus- tinerent; arcessivi copias quae impetum sustineant; and account for the difference of tense. 3. What is the Latin for ' in short', 'to be brief, 'with the intention of doing', 'to tell the truth', 'trivial, not to say silly talk'? 4. Translate: ' Hoc ei nuntiate quo celerius manus det ', and explain the construction of quo. 5. Translate: 'Ei persuasum est ne illud faceret'; 'omnibus persuasum est hostes mox adventures'. When is persuadeo followed by ut or ne, when by an infinitive? 6. 'Servis suis Rubrius ut ianuam clauderent imperat'; 'Sicilian! ita vexavit (aorist) Verres ut in antiquum statum restitui non possit'. Comment on the sequence of tenses, and explain. 7. Put into Latin: (1) I have given you this that you may live longer. (2) I have nothing to say about this matter, much less to write. (3) We must wait till the clouds roll away. 74 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. LXX. 1. Explain the terms 'protasis' and 'apodosis'. By what words is the protasis usually introduced? 2. Point out the condition contained in: (a) Qui videret equum Troianum introductum, urbem cap- tarn diceret. (6) Roges me, nihil respondeam. (c) Si latet ars, prodest; affert deprensa pudorem. (d) Graeculus esuriens in caelum iusseris, ibit. 3. Mention some exceptions to the rule that the moods of protasis and apodosis correspond. 4. State clearly what is the statement implied in these conditional sentences: (1) Si quid haberet, daret. (2) Si quid habuisset, dedisset. (3) Si quid habeat, det. (4) Si quid habuit, dedit. 5. Explain apparent irregularities of mood or tense in: (a) Memini numeros si verba tenerem. (6) Bonus vates poteras esse si voluisses. (c) Hunc, si ulla in te esset pietas, colere debebas. (d) Peream, nisi hoc verum est. (e) Perieram nisi tu accurrisses. 6. What is the difference in use between nisi and si non? Illustrate. 7. Put into Latin: (1) If I gain my request I shall be glad; if not, I shall be vexed. (2) Had you arrived sooner you might have seen the pro- cession. (3) Whether he reads or writes, he wastes no time. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 75 LXXL 1. What is meant by a 'suppressed protasis'? Give an example. 2. How comes it that ' O si ' with a subjunctive is used to express a wish ? Distinguish between : O si hoc accidat, accideret, accidisset. 3. Supply the apodosis (using do, I give) to (a) Si quid habebam. . . (b) Si quid haberem... (c) Si quid habeam... (d) Si quid habuissem... Translate each sentence. 4. What is the Latin for: 'You ought to have done this had you been allowed ' ; ' the army might have been destroyed'; 'he may have said this'; ' it would be tedious if I told all ' ; ' it would have been better if he had gone away'? 5. What is the protasis in (a) Urbe capta nemo effugiat. (b) Signo dato, in pugnam erumperent. (c) Da pauca: plura concupiscet? 6. Put into oratio obliqua, after dicit and dixit: (a) Si quid habebo, dabo. (b) Si hoc feceris, poe- nam dabis. 7. Put into Latin: (1) Would that I had died for thee, my son ! (2) When he was quite old he would often climb mountains. (3) He was so foolish that he would have jumped into the river had I not held him back. (4) I asked him what he would have done if I had not helped him. (5) If ever he saw anyone going too fast, he would stop him. 76 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. LXXIL 1. Give general rules for the 'sequence of tenses'. Translate: (a) Ask them what they have done. (6) They want to know what you had done, (c) I asked what they would have done. 2. Explain how ' vereor ut f aciat ' comes to mean ' I fear he will not do '. 3. How are questions in the 1st and 3rd persons treated in oratio obliqua? Express in orat. obi.: ' Quid ego, pro inimico habitus, pro vobis et patria ausus sum? Quis nescit hoc omnibus esse dedecori?' 4. When does the relative in orat. obi. take the infinitive? Put into orat. obi.: 'Errare malo cum Platone, quern quanti facias scio'. 5. Give examples of four different uses of qui with the subjunctive. 6. Translate the words in -ing in the following: (a) Seeing is believing. (6) A fine painting, (c) Fond of fighting, (d) Your coming pleases me. (e) Saying this he went away. (/) Don't read while eating, (g) Coming along the road we found a coin. 7. In how many ways is it possible to translate 'that' into Latin? 8. Put into Latin: (1) Their entreaties proved unavailing and they returned unsuccessful. (2) There are some to whom spiders are an object of hatred. (3) Seven times seven makes forty-nine. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 77 LXXIII. 1. Translate and explain the use of the parti- ciple in each case: (a) Sensit medios delapsus in hostes. (6) Voluptate dominante, iacent virtutes. (c) Laeti pergunt Galli ut explorata victoria, (d) Maelium regnum appetentem interemit. (e) Men- daci homini ne verum quidem dicenti credimus. 2. Comment on the use of the infinitive in (a) Liber dignus legi. (6) Pecus egit visere montes. (c) Mago id nescire dixit. (d) Sperat se posse venire, (e) Vincere scis, victoria uti nescis. (/) Hominem Romanum tarn Graece loqui ! Translate. 3. When is quo used for ut in a final clause? Give an example. 4. What is the usual construction of verbs of fearing? Give all meanings of 'vereor ne veniat'. Distinguish the meanings of vereor and timeo. What other constructions may they have? 5. How many ways are there of expressing ' al- though ' in Latin ? Give an instance of each. 6. Give with examples the main usages of the infinitive mood. 7. Put into Latin: (1) The burning of my home was a great grief to me. (2) They were afraid to return, thinking they were liable to punishment. (3) So far from blaming you, I greatly praise you. 78 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. LXXIV. 1. To what part of speech do the supines properly belong? Explain with examples how they are used. How far do they retain a verbal force ? 2. How is the future infinitive passive expressed ? Give the Latin for ' I perceive she will be praised 5 . 3. Distinguish between a gerund and a gerundive. What is the meaning of the gerund when used in the nominative? Give the Latin for 'running', ' of running ', ' by running '. 4. What limitation is there to the use of the gerundive? Give the Latin for 'by writing a letter ', ' by sparing the vanquished ', ' by doing something ', ' for the sake of ravaging the fields '. 5. Translate and explain the construction of: (a) Poenas in morte timendum est. (6) Hoc libertatis conservandae est. (c) Ille non solvendo est. (d) Moriendum est aut vincendum. (e) Audendo res Romana crevit. 6. Point out the ambiguity in ' victoribus victis parcendum est '. How can it be avoided ? 7. Put into Latin: (1) It is easy to understand in what danger we are. (2) You must consult the interests of the citizens. (3) Caesar had a bridge made over the Rhine. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 79 LXXV. 1. Translate and explain the use of the participles: (a) Capitis absolutus, pecunia multatus est. (6) Urbs incensa dolori fuit victis. (c) Sole orto e castris progress! sunt. (d) Epistolae offendunt non loco redditae. (e) Libros antea confusos disposuisse dicitur. (/) Librum misi exigent! tibi, missurus etsi non exegisses. 2. Translate and account for the subjunctives in: (a) Rusticus exspectat dum defluat amnis. (b) Bonus segnior fit ubi neglegas. (c) Impetrare non potui, quod religione se impediri dicerent. (d) Agunt gratias quod sibi pepercissent. (e) Oderint dum metuant. (/) Utrum nos defendamus an obviam eamus? (g) Cernis ut insultent Rutuli? 3. Translate and comment on the grammar of: (a) Varium et mutabile semper f emina. (6) Naturam expellas furca tamen usque recurret. (c) Nee veterum memini laetorve malorum. (d) Assiduo ruptae lectore columnae. 4. What is the meaning of ora in Luminis orae, orae clipei, ultima ora terrarum, ora navis? What meanings has marmorl Give all the Latin words you know for sea. 5. Put into Latin: (1) I should like to escape from the burden of office. (2) Great as are his exploits, he deserves to be punished. (3) Cassius sent for the conspirators. (4) The loss of that battle was fatal to Pompey's cause. 80 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. LXXVI. 1. What cases follow aptus, dignus, gratus, laetus, similis; gratulor, interest, in video, parco, recorder, rogo, taedet? 2. Put into oratio obliqua: (Ariovistus replied), "I am not in the habit of obeying orders: if he (Caesar) is willing to discuss the question (agere) of peace on fair terms, he must come to me, not I to him ". 3. Distinguish the meaning of the present, the imperfect, the pluperfect subjunctive in wishes. 4. In how many ways can Latin express the indefinite subject 'one'? Translate: One readily does what one likes; people say he is mad; one would think he was mad; it is not wise to trust one's foes; if one had anything, one would send it. 5. Translate: Quod sciam; magnis itineribus con- tendit; secundum flumen; maior quam pro viribus; hoc mihi cordi est; agere et ferre; actum est de me; e pedibus laboro; temporibus errat; factus ad un- guem; bonus audit; novae tabulae; novae res. 6. What is the Latin for Provoke, oppress, vast, crime, honour, the state, office, patriotism? 7. Put into Latin: (1) He gave you more money than I. (2) He gave you more money than me. (3) The sooner it's over, the sooner to sleep. (4) This is the third day I have been waiting for him. LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. 81 LXXVII. 1. Translate: Heres ex asse; qua es benevolentia omnes te amant; non potui non lacrimare; eo in- solentiae pervenit; a dextra stare; annus bissextus; cui bono fuit? capitis damnatus; verba dare, dicta dare; tu pulsas, ego vapulo tantum; actum est de republica; sagax audit; canere receptui; flocci non facio. 2. What cases follow plenus, expers, similis, gra- tulor, suadeo? 3. Correct or justify: (a) Scire velim quare domos reliquissent. (6) Spero eum probum esse. (c) Cum domum redieram, calceos exuebam. (d) Memini ut illam aestatem egerimus. (e) Utenda est occasio. (/) Non tarn tua quam reipublicae interest ut salvus sis. 4. Give the English of Si res postulabit, moria- mur; rebus prosperis uti; res frumentaria deest: maxima rerum Roma; verbis quam re probabilius; ea quae in rem sunt imperat; res gestae; non e re publica est illud; unus homo nobis cunctando resti- tuit rem. 5. Show the difference in meaning between expose, vile, office, secure, honour, study, class, famous, crown, and the Latin words from which they are derived. 6. Put into Latin: (1) He is about to be given a book. (2) I am sending you the only book I have. (3) Give me what you have, and let me know what you intend to do. (M450) F 82 LATIN GRAMMAR PAPERS. LXXVIII. 1. Explain and illustrate the use of the preposi- tions in: {a) Cohortes ab labore intritae. (6) Vinci