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LEAFLETS

OF

WESTERN BOTANY

VoLuME III

LIBRARY
Moy YORK
“OTANICAL
GAKDEN

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
1941-1943

Owned and published by

ALIcE Eastwoop and Joun THomas Howe.

Printed by
THE JAMES H. BARRY COMPANY
SAN FRANCISCO

\"

Vo.. III No. 1

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

¥

CONTENTS

PAGE

The Closed-Cone Pines of Insular California . . . . 1
Joun THomaAs Howe.

STS gf Bc ae ns em A a Stat 8
Bassett MacuirE and ArtHuR H. HoLtMGREN

Further Studies in Eriogonum—IV . . . . . . 5
SusAN G. STOKES

Peet Plants—L ib bs ee SS 2 ee

Atice EAstwoop

San Francisco, CALIFORNIA
Fepruary 4, 1941

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the
native flora of western North America, appearing about four
times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single
numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco,
California.

Cited as

LEAFL. WEsT. Bor.

RP UC UU 0 Ru UU)

Hea ee a aaa

Owned and published by

Auice Eastwoop and JoHN THomMAS HowELL

THE CLOSED-CONE PINES OF INSULAR
CALIFORNIA

BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL
v\

The pines which are found on several of the islands of
California and Lower California not only contribute to their
picturesque scenery but are to be counted among their most
interesting botanical features. The relation of the island pines
and the associated plants to the coastal pine forests and groves
of the Californian mainland has been vividly described by H. L.
Mason in a series of papers which set forth matters pertaining
to taxonomy, ecology, distribution, and geologic history (1930,
1932, 1934). The pines considered here are the closed-cone pines
found on the islands of Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa off the coast
of southern California and on the islands of Guadalupe and
Cedros off Lower California, and the problem is presented only
from the viewpoint of the taxonomy of living plants.

In April, 1931, I accompanied Ralph Hoffmann on a week’s
field trip to Santa Cruz Island off the Santa Barbara coast of
California, principally, as he planned it, to study with him the
island pines and manzanitas (Arctostaphylos). Of the pines an
interesting collection was obtained, but because no definite opinion
was reached on the taxonomic problem involved, the pines were
not even mentioned by Hoffmann in his list of island plants
published in 1932."

In November, 1931, and again in March, 1932, on the yacht
Zaca of Mr. Templeton Crocker, I visited Guadalupe Island
which is a little northwest of the central coast of Lower Cali-
fornia. On both occasions, I visited the pine grove high on the
northern ridge of the island, obtaining specimens of variants
not before known from the island. In August, 1932, as the
Templeton Crocker Expedition of the California Academy of
Sciences was returning from the Galapagos Islands, a brief stop
was made at Cedros Island off the middle western coast of Lower
California; and though we had excellent views from the Zaca
of the pine ridge at the northern end of the island, I was not able

1 Although both parts of this paper were published posthumously, it is
evident from the editor’s note on page 60 that the first part, which would
have included a consideration of the pines, had been submitted for publi-
cation by Mr. Hoffmann before his death on July 21, 1932. (See Bibliography.)

Leafl. West. Bot., Vol. III, pp. 1-24, February 4, 1941.

2 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. I

to explore or study the trees. What is written of them is taken
from specimens in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. made on other expe-
ditions of the Academy.

THE GUADALUPE ISLAND PINE

The first collection of pine on Guadalupe Island was made
by Edward Palmer in 1875 and was referred to George Engel-
mann, who named and described it as a new variety of the
Monterey Pine, Pinus insignis var. binata (1880). According
to Engelmann, the new variety had cones typical of the species,
but had needles in pairs. In 1895 (p. 42), Lemmon transferred
the varietal name to P. radiata Don, an earlier name of the Mon-
terey Pine; and following Greene (1887, p. 413) and Brandegee
(1888, p. 217; 1890, p. 145), he continued that confusion in
names between the pines on the Californian and Lower Cali-
fornian islands that persisted until recently corrected by Abrams
(1923, p. 60) and by Mason (1930, p. 8). My opinion is that
the only pine on Guadalupe Island is P. radiata, but Mason has
more recently reported the occurrence there of P. muricata Don
(1932, p. 51; 1934, p. 147). His decision ? is based on material
in the Dudley Herbarium, Stanford University, but the speci-
mens I examined there I believe are referable to P. radiata.
McMinn and Maino (1935, p. 86) report the occurrence of
P. remorata Mason on Guadalupe Island, but the report is
perhaps based on statements that the Guadalupe Island pine
approaches P. remorata (cf. Mason, 1932, p. 52).

When I visited the pine grove on Guadalupe Island, I dis-
tinguished trees with three kinds of cones, one type with the
cones very asymmetrical with the umbos of the outer scales
much thickened, a second type with cones almost symmetrical
with the scales alike on all sides, and a third type, intermediate
between the other two, with the cones somewhat asymmetrical
with the outer scales noticeably but not prominently umbonate.
In the specimens I collected, the first two types have somewhat
larger cones (10—11 cm. and 9—10 cm. long respectively) and
the intermediate type has somewhat smaller ones (8—9 cm.).
Trees with cones of the first two types are only occasional or
rare, those with the third type are the most common. The needles
of all of these are usually in 2’s, but on the more vigorous shoots

2 Verbal communication.

FEBRUARY, 1941 | PINES OF INSULAR CALIFORNIA 3

the needles are almost uniformly in 3’s. The bark of the trees
is dark gray-brown, finely ridged longitudinally and checked by
shallow transverse cracks. The trunks are massive for Monterey
Pine ; the largest measured 28 feet in circumference (2.71 m. or
8 ft. 11 in. in diameter). The height of the trees was estimated
at 70 to 100 feet. Neither seedlings nor young trees were seen;
the ravaging goats have taken care of them.

In considering how to treat taxonomically the situation here
described, the first question to decide is whether more than one
species is involved. In spite of the entirely different appearance
of the very asymmetrical and nearly symmetrical types of cones,
I regard them as belonging to a single species, not only because
there is complete intergradation from one extreme to the other
through the common intermediate type, but also as the trees
grow, there is no other character discernible to which even a
secondary value might be assigned. Since the variants grew |
together without that geographic segregation which I regard as |
an essential mark of a variety (or subspecies), I interpret these
variants, diverse as they are, as forms, and as such they are,
named here. Because of the known variation in the number of
needles* in the Monterey Pine at Monterey, California, the type
locality, and the variation that has been discovered in the pine
on Guadalupe Island, the variation in cones is used as a basis
for the forms. Dr. George J. Goodman kindly compared the
type of P. insignis var. binata at the Missouri Botanical Garden
with specimens I sent to him, and he determined, as might be
expected, that the type coincided most nearly with the common
form of pine on Guadalupe Island, the form with the intermediate
type of cone. This I am designating as P. radiata f. binata‘*;
while the form with the very asymmetrical cone I am referring
to typical P. radiata Don, as has been done by Mason (1932, p. 53;
1934, pp. 104, 138, 149). The type with the nearly symmetrical
cones I am naming as P, radiata f. guadalupensis.° The list of

3 See: F. W. Haasis, Madrono 2:29, 30 (1931); Chaney and Mason, Car-
negie Insti. Wash. Publ. 415:55 (1933); Todd, Madrono 2:159 (1934).

4 Pinus radiata Don forma binata (Engelm.) J. T. Howell, comb. nov.
P. insignis Dougl. var. binata Engelm., Bot. Calif. 2:128 (1880).

5 Pinus radiata Don forma guadalupensis J. T. Howell, f. nov. Foliis
2 vel 3 in fascicula; conis fere congruentibus subovatis, 9—10 cm. longis,
squamis non umbonatis, haud muricatis.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 280936, collected on Guadalupe Island,
Lower California, Mar. 16, 1932, by John Thomas Howell, No. 8267. The
type of mature cone is J. T. Howell No. 8185, collected Nov. 15, 1931.

4 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. I

my collections of each form will be published later in a catalogue
of my Guadalupe Island collections.

THE SANTA Cruz JSLAND PINE

The first botanical record of the occurrence of a pine on Santa
Cruz Island is given by Greene, who briefly mentions the “dense
forests of a small pine, identical with that which is found on
Cedros and Guadalupe .. .” (1887, p. 381), and later (p. 413)
lists the pine as Pinus insignis var. binata Engelm. Brandegee
(1890, p. 145) lists this same name for both Santa Cruz and
Santa Rosa islands ; and after Lemmon (1895, p. 42), most bota-
nists continued to call the pines either P. radiata® or P. radiata
var. binata’ until Abrams reported P. muricata Don from Santa
Cruz Island (1923, p. 60), although he continued to report
P. radiata var. binata from Santa Rosa Island (p. 57). Mason
(1930, p. 9), dealing only with “the Santa Cruz Island Pine,”
described from there and Cedros Island a new species, P. remo-
rata, “clearly related to Pinus muricata” (1932, p. 52), but with
cones nearly smooth and symmetrical.

In 1931, when I visited Santa Cruz Island with Ralph
Hoffmann, we studied the trees in the three pine groves on the
island, the more extensive forest at the west end and the smaller
ones at Pelican Bay and China Harbor. In each place we found
a series of variations entirely comparable to those I have de-
scribed for P. radiata on Guadalupe Island, only on Santa Cruz
Island the variations are in P. muricata. From the symmetrical
and nearly smooth but definitely prickly cones distinctive of
P. remorata to the strongly asymmetric and muricate-umbonate
cones characteristic of P. muricata, every intergrading form con-
necting them was found. These series of variants from Santa
Cruz and Guadalupe islands are interpreted as an impressive
example of parallel variation in two related species. That the
pines with nearly smooth symmetrical cones on the two islands
belong to two different species has been decided by the relative
development of the prickles on their cones and the number of
resin-ducts in the needles : whereas the form on Guadalupe Island
has a prickle even weaker than can be found on cones at Mon-
terey, the Santa Cruz Island pine has a cone that is pungently

6 Jepson (1909a, p. 42; 1909b, p. 76).
7 Sargent (1897, p. 104); Sudworth (1908, p. 58); Jepson (1910, p. 101).

FEBRUARY, 1941| PINES OF INSULAR CALIFORNIA 5

prickly ; and the number of resin-ducts in the needles is two on
Guadalupe Island and more than two on Santa Cruz Island.

Because of the importance of the P. remorata-type in the
paleontologic history of the closed-cone pine since early Pleisto-
cene and also because of my inability to correlate Dr. Mason's
studies with my field observations, I offer no new nomenclatural
expression for the type. However, it seems significant to me
that of the two recorded occurrences of fossils of this type, one
is on Santa Cruz Island where the type still persists (Chaney
and Mason, 1930, p. 10), the other at Carpinteria on the Santa
Barbara coast where only “two fragmentary cones” were found
and these “might readily have been transported across it (1. e.,
the Santa Barbara Channel) to the mainland” from Santa Cruz
Island (Chaney and Mason, 1933, p. 56).

Also it is of interest to note the possible occurrence of the
P. remorata-type on the mainland in present-day forests of
P. muricata, This suggestion is expressed by Carl Wolf (1940)
who writes: “Rumors of the occurrence of this pine (7. e¢.,
P. remorata) in the Bishop Pine forests near Lompoc, Santa
Barbara County, are of interest, for if the species still persists
on the mainland that is the most likely spot.” If this variation
is discovered on the mainland, it will offer an interesting and
notable parallel to the same sort of variation found in the Mon-
terey Pine at Monterey which prompted Lemmon’s varietal name
levigata which has appeared under at least three different specific
epithets (P. tuberculata Don, P. insignis Dougl., and P. cali-
forniana Lois.).

My collections of the Santa Cruz Island pine are as follows.
Pine forest at west end of island: No. 6328 (form with cone
nearly smooth and symmetrical ) ; No. 6329 and 6330 (intermedi-
ate types with more umbonate scales and asymmetrical cones) ;
No. 6331 (P. muricata-type). Pine forest above China Harbor:
No. 6371 (not entirely typical of P. remorata-type, the somewhat
elongate cones reminiscent of P. attenuata Lemm. in shape) ;
No. 6373 (P. remorata-type but cones very small, the smallest
only 3.5 cm. long) ; No. 6372 (intermediate) ; No. 6374 (cones
small but unmistakably P. muricata). Pine forest above Peli-
can Bay: No. 6403 (very near P. remorata-type); No. 6402
(P. muricata-type).

6 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. III, NO. I

THE SANTA Rosa ISLAND PINE

Following the first report in botanical literature of the closed-
cone pine on Santa Rosa Island by Brandegee in 1888, the Santa
Rosa Island pine had the same nomenclatorial history as the
Santa Cruz Island pine, except that Abrams (1923, p. 57) con-
tinued to refer it to the 2-leaved variety of P. radiata at the time
when he referred the pine on Santa Cruz Island to P. muricata.
Mason mentions the occurrence of a closed-cone pine on Santa
Rosa Island (1934, p. 113), but I have not found that he names
the pine.

Specimens of the pine from Santa Rosa Island are very rare,
the only ones that I have seen, being specimens collected in 1930
by Ralph Hoffmann (Herb. U. C.; Herb. Santa Barbara Mus.).
From these it is clear that the pine is related to P. muricata and
that it represents the P. remorata-type of that relationship. From
the meagerness of the material it is not possible to determine
what variation, if any, is to be found on the island. The speci-
men at the University of California bears the note by Hoffmann
that it is “from one of a few scattered groves on the n. e. slope
of Black Mt.” Mrs. Ruth H. Nordoff of the Santa Barbara
Museum of Natural History has written me that part of the data
referring to the Santa Rosa Island pine in Hoffmann’s catalogue
(ms.) of the island plants reads : “about 30 trees in three canyons
on Black Mt... .” Certainly one of the problems to be looked
into on Santa Rosa Island concerns the closed-cone pine, possible
variation in the shape of the cones, and data on the occurrence
and abundance of the trees.

THE Cepros ISLAND PINE

The earliest botanical reference to the pine on Cedros Island
seems to be that of Greene, who wrote that the northern summit
of the island “is adorned with open groves of Pinus muricata”’
(1888, p. 197) ; and reports and floras continued to list it as that
species until Abrams (1923, p. 60) referred it to P. muricata
var. Anthonyi Lemmon (1892, p. 10), a trivial variant which
was originally described from the mainland “near San Quentin,
Lower California.’’® In the original description of P. remorata,

8s An examination of a specimen of the type collection of Anthony’s pine
from San Quentin in Herb. U. C. shows it to be typical of P. muricata but

with somewhat smaller cones than usual, but scarcely as small as some
forms to be found on Santa Cruz Island.

FEBRUARY, 1941 | PINES OF INSULAR CALIFORNIA yi

Mason (1930, p. 9) referred a collection made by Anthony on
Cedros Island to his new species; and although in 1932 Mason
cites Cedros Island in the distribution of P. muricata (1932,
p. 51), it seems apparent from later distributional data that he
regards the Cedros Island pine entirely as P. remorata (1934,
p. 147) and the San Quentin pine as P. muricata (Chaney and
Mason, 1933, p. 55).

As in the Santa Cruz Island pine, the cones of the Cedros
Island pine vary from strongly asymmetrical to symmetrical, but
the apophyses even on the enlarged umbos are nearly smooth
or even shallowly excavated instead of bearing those prominent
prickles on extended apophyses which are so characteristic of
the asymmetric forms of the Santa Cruz Island pine. In fact,
the cones of the Cedros Island pine, except that they are smaller,
are much more like the cones of the Monterey Pine than those
of the Bishop Pine, but the numerous resin-ducts in the leaves
relate the pine definitely to P. muricata.* Because the Cedros
Island pine seems sufficiently different from all other variants
in P. muricata, I am calling it a new variety: Pinus muricata
var. cedrosensis.*°

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Abrams, lL. R. 1923. Ill. Fl. Pac. States 1: 57—60.
Brandegee, T. S. 1888. Flora of the Santa Barbara Islands. Proc.
Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 1: 201—226.
1890. Flora of the Californian Islands. Zoe 1: 129—148.
Chaney, R. W., and Mason, H. L. 1930. <A Pleistocene Flora from Santa
Cruz Island, California. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 415: 1—24.
1933. A Pleistocene Flora from the Asphalt Deposits at Carpinteria,
California. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 415: 45—79.
Engelmann, G. 1880. In Brewer & Watson, Bot. Calif. 2: 128.
Greene, E. L. 1887. Studies in the Botany of California and Parts Ad-
jacent. Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 377—416.

1888. The Botany of Cedros Island. Pittonia 1: 194—208.

Hoffmann, R. 1932. Notes on the Flora of the Channel Islands off Santa
Barbara, California. Bull. S. Calif. Acad Sci. 31:46—60 (Aug.
20, 1932) and 101—120 (Dec. 30, 1932).

9 Jepson (1910, p. 97) calls attention to the intermediate character ex-
hibited by the cones of the Cedros Island pine when compared with those
of the Monterey and Bishop pines.

10 Pinus muricata Don var. cedrosensis J. T. Howell, var. nov. Conis
6—7 cm. longis, paulum incongruentibus, squamis exterioribus et superi-
oribus rotundo-umbonatis, aculeum parvum tenuissimum ferentibus.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 146917, collected June 6, 1925, on the
summit of the ridge, Cedros Island, by H. L. Mason, No. 2030. <A collection
of over 50 cones collected by G. D. Hanna in 1922 (Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci.)
illustrate the variation in shape and size of cones.

8 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. I

Jepson, W. L. 1909a. FI. Calif. 1: 41—43.
1909b. Trees of Calif., 73—77.
1910. Silva Calif., 95—102.
Lemmon, J. G. 1892. Handb. West-American Cone-bearers, 10 (ed. 1,
March, 1892; ed. 2, April, 1892).
1895. Idem, 3rd (Pocket) Edition, 41—42 (July, 1895).
Mason, H. L. 1930. The Santa Cruz Island Pine. Madrofio 2: 8—10.
1932. A Phylogenetic Series of the California Closed-cone Pines
Suggested by the Fossil Record. Madrofio 2: 49—55.
1934. Pleistocene Flora of the Tomales Formation. Carnegie Inst.
Wash. Publ. 415: 81—180.
McMinn, H. E., and Maino, E. 1935. Ill. Man. Pac. Coast Trees, 85—93.
Sargent, C. S. 1897. Silva N. Amer. 11: 103—104.
Sudworth, G. B. 1908. Forest Trees of Pac. Slope, 58—68.
Wolf, C. 1940. Rancho Santa Ana Bot. Gard. Leafl. Pop. Inf. No. 30.

GREAT BASIN PLANTS—IV

BY BASSETT MAGUIRE
Logan, Utah

AND

ARTHUR H. HOLMGREN
Chief of Party, U. S. Grazing Service

For the past two seasons plants collected on the United States
Grazing Service survey in Elko County, Nevada, have been sub-
mitted to the Utah State Agricultural College for identification.
From this fine series and collections of the senior writer, the
following records seem worthy of comment.

TrropIA PILOSA (Buckl.) Merr. Dry rocky soil in sagebrush
area, Utah-Nevada line, 12 miles south of Wendover, Utah,
May 18, 1939, A. H. Holmgren et al. This collection is an inter-
esting northern extension of the range of this attractive grass,
characteristic of dry, stony soil of the Sonoran Desert. It is an
infrequent plant of the southern part of the Great Basin.

Metica strictA Boland. Rare on rocky slopes, 12 miles
southwest of Wendover, Utah, 6000 feet, in Elko Co., Nev.,
June 1, 1939, H. W. Cooper. Known from only this one station
in northeastern Nevada, this rarely collected grass was locally
common.

BLEPHARIDACHNE Kine (S. Wats.) Hack. Rare in dry
rocky places with sagebrush, 12 miles south of Wendover, Utah,

FEBRUARY, 1941 | GREAT BASIN PLANTS 9

6000 feet, in Elko Co., Nev., May 18, 1939, 4. H. Holmgren et al.
In some areas in the vicinity of the above collection this grass
becomes the dominant species. This species, previously con-
sidered rare, is apparently commonly distributed in the desert
regions of southeastern Elko Co, and eastern White Pine Co.,
Nev., and western Box Elder, Tooele, Juab and Millard counties,
Utah (Maguire, 1935).

* CORALLORRHIZA STRIATA Lindl. Golliher Pasture, 18 miles
northeast of San Jacinto, Elko Co., Nev., July 5, 1939, M. Shipley.
Previously known by one collection from the Great Basin
(Maguire, 1935), the above station seemingly extends the known
range of this orchid for the first time into Nevada.

*PxoNIA Brownit Dougl. Stebbins (1938), treating the
western American species of P@onia, gave the following range
for P. Brownii: “Northern California . . ., north to British
Columbia, east to Wyoming.” Further discussing its range he
wrote: /

The exact eastern limits of Pe@onia Brownii are uncertain. Rydberg
(Rocky Mt. Flora, p. 315) includes Utah in the range; Tidestrom (FI.
Utah and Nevada, p. 202) questions its occurrence there, but includes
Alberta, which Rydberg does not. In answer to requests by the writer,
Dr. Ellsworth P. Killip of the United States National Herbarium (US),
Mr. C. A. Weatherby of Gray Herbarium (G) and Dr. H. A. Gleason of
the New York Botanical Garden (NY), have examined the material of this
species in their collections and report no specimens of P. Browniit from
either Utah or Alberta. One collection is reported from Wyoming: Jack-
son’s Hole, Lincoln County, Payson & Payson 2196 (G, NY).

In view of these interesting comments, the following records
are noteworthy. IpAHo: 0.5 mile west camp F-83, June 16,
1935, Custer Co., A. D. Smith No. 34; basalt outcropping edge
of saline meadow, 4 miles west of Hill City, May 13, 1939, Elmore
Co., A. Cronquist No. 1187. Wvyominc: glade in Lodgepole-
Spruce woodland, shore of Jenny Lake, June 11, 1936, Teton
National Park, Teton Co., Maguire No. 13585. NEVADA:
common about willow thickets, Burnt Creek, 12 miles north of
Wells, June 10, 1939, Elko Co., Maguire No. 16818 ; common,
meadows in vicinity of ranch house, Golliher (Mts.) Pasture,
18 miles northeast of San Jacinto, June 12, 1939, Elko Co.,
Maguire No. 16819; common, meadows and browse slopes,

_ * Plants designated by the asterisk denote plants which are apparently
hitherto unrecorded from the state in question.

IO LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY | VOL. III, NO. I

vicinity of Bull Camp, east slopes of Elk Mts., Humboldt Na-
tional Forest, June 11, 1939, Elko Co., Maguire No. 16820;
A. H. Holmgren et al., same data, June 10; moist sandy loam,
vicinity of Three Creek, north slopes of Elk Mts., Humboldt
National Forest, Elko Co., 6000 feet, May 20, 1939, Jacobsen;
moist, deep alluvial soil, Mud River, Elko Co., 5000 feet, June 10,
1939, J. Gustafson. UtaH: woodland, clay-loam, Ephraim Can-
yon, 8700 feet, June 12, 1936, Sanpete Co., Utah, Basil Crane.

Mr. Arthur Cronquist has made verbal communication that
Peonia occurs locally, common at stations on Mink and City
creeks, in the vicinity of Pocatello, Idaho. The unpublished type-
written check list of plants of the Pocatello region prepared by
Mrs. M. E. Soth in 1924 includes record of P. Browni. Plants
cited in this list were identified by Dr. Rydberg. It would seem,
then, from the above cited Idaho specimens and this further
information, that P. Brownz is generally distributed in southern
and central Idaho.

The Wyoming collection cited above is apparently the second
on record from Wyoming. The numerous recent collections from
Elko Co., Nevada, where the plant occurs generally and com-
monly at intervale thickets and on foothill meadows and slopes,
seem to be the first records from that state. Stebbins (J. c.), in
discussing the eastern limits of the species, remarks upon the
uncertainty of the Utah record as ascribed by Rydberg. The
above collection confirms the Utah inclusion in the range of
Peonia by Rydberg and by Munz in the “Manual of Southern
California Botany.”

The Golliher Mountain (Nevada) station of the senior writer,
is about 20 miles west of the Utah line. It is not improbable that
the plant will be found in the Goose Creek Mts. of northwestern
Utah which are in general continuation with the hilly region of
Nevada to the west where the plant is so generally distributed.
Further, the hills of the Pocatello region in Idaho extend into
northern Utah. Although P. Brownii has not been found in the
adjacent Cache Co., Utah, it is again not improbable that a more
thorough knowledge of the flora of this region will reveal its
presence.

ErtocoNum SHOCKLEyI S. Wats. A number of specimens
of this relatively uncommon species has come to the herbarium

FEBRUARY, 1941 | GREAT BASIN PLANTS 5 I

within the last few years, representing two quite distinct and
rarer populations which extends considerably the known range
of each:

ERIOGONUM SHOCKLEYI subsp. CANDIDUM (Jones) Stokes.
Semi-desert valley, Trout Creek, Juab Co., Utah, June 29, 1932,
Becraft & Starr No. 378; desert shadscale, rare, 5600 feet,
4 miles east of Trout Creek, Juab Co., Utah, June 18, 1933,
Maguire & Becraft No. 2541a; shadscale association, rare, 27
miles west of Delta, Millard Co., Utah, June 15, 1933, Maguire
& Becraft No. 2540a; dry rocky soil, occasional, vicinity of
Currie, Elko Co., Nev., June 16, 1938, H. B. Passey No. 65;
dry gravelly soil, foothills west of Wendover, Utah, in Elko Co.,
Nev., June 5, 1939, Holmgren & Lund.

ERIOGONUM SHOCKLEYI subsp. LONGILOBUM (Jones) Stokes.
Mesa top, 11 miles north of Bluff, San Juan Co., Utah, July 1,
1933, Maguire et al. No. 5846; sand desert, 14 miles southeast
of Bluff, San Juan Co., Utah, June 29, 1933, Maguire et al.
No. 5846a. This subspecies has apparently been previously
known only from the type locality. The above stations are nearly
200 miles removed.

*Eriogonum chrysocephalum A. Gray subsp. desertorum Maguire,
subsp. nov. Czspitosis; foliis ellipticis vel elliptico-ovalibus, 2—4 cm.
longis ; involucris campanulato-turbinatis ; floribus flavis, 2—2.5 mm. longis,
segmentis obtusis vel retusis.

Closely cespitose from a multicipital base borne on a stout woody root,
acaulescent ; leaves 2—4 cm. long, mostly 5—9 mm. broad, petiole slender,
equalling the blade, the latter elliptic to elliptic-oval, acutish at both ends,
margins slightly revolute, both surfaces floccose-tomentose, the upper less
densely so; peduncles 3—5 cm. long, monocephalous; involucres several,
campanulate-turbinate, loosely tomentose, thin, conspicuously toothed ; peri-
anth yellow, sometimes red-tinged, the segments enlarged toward the base,
rounded or retuse at the apex, 2.5—3 mm. long; achene 2 mm. long, stipi-

tate, the body biconvex, the beak sharply triagonal, hirsutulous, at least
when immature.

Type: dry gravelly lake bar, associated with Atriplex con-
fertifolia, foothills 8 miles west of Wendover, Utah, 4800 feet,
June 5, 1939, in Elko Co., Nev., A. H. Holmgren & C. Lund
No. 163. Deposited at the Utah State Agricultural College.
Cotype: low range under pinyon and juniper, 36 miles west of
Wendover, Utah, in Elko Co., Nev., June 2, 1934, Maguire et al.
No. 5842.

12 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY | VOL. IlI, NO. I

This entity represents the desert ecotype of the species
characterized particularly by its densely cespitose habit and yellow
flowers. It seems to be most similar to subsp. mancum (Rydb.)
Stokes (1936), of Montana, but differs from this in its much
larger leaves and yellow perianth.

Drasa Douctasit A. Gray. Common, 45 miles southwest of
Elko Co., Nev., Apr. 27, 1938, D. Lund. A later collection has
been made by C. Lund from the Toana Range, Elko Co., Nev.
This crucifer and the Lepidium cited below were submitted to
Dr. C. L. Hitchcock for identification. His comment (corre-
spondence of Feb. 4, 1939) concerning them is, in part, as
follows: “The white-flowered ... Draba Douglasu .. . is the
first collection I have seen from central or eastern Nevada” ; and
of the latter collection: “The other plant .. . Lepidium nanum

. . is very seldom collected .. . I notice that Tidestrom makes
no mention of the plant’s being rare, but if you will notice in my
treatment of the genus, I saw only 4 or 5 collections of Lepidium
nanum and the most recent collection was in 1904. ... I would
suggest that you make mention of this plant, . . . especially should
it be emphasized that the flowers are yellow rather than white.”

LrEPIpr1umM NANUM S. Wats. Common in dry places under
juniper at 5800 feet, Elko Co., May 11, 1938, A. H. Holmgren;
locally abundant, sandy loam under sage, 3 miles south of Sadler’s
Ranch, 12 miles south of Jiggs, Elko Co., Nev., 5800 feet, May
25, 1939, A. H. Holmgren; rare, vicinity of White Horse Pass,
30 miles southwest of Wendover, in Elko Co., Nev., May 28,
1939, H. MacDowell.

This species is generally distributed in northeastern Nevada,
becoming abundant in local areas under sagebrush and juniper.
When well-developed, plants reach a large size, attaining a diame-
ter of almost 2 feet, and become elevated on hummocks 8 to 10
_ inches high by the infiltration of soil into the densely multicipital
caudex,

*Linum Kina S. Wats. var. SEDOIDES Porter. Dry lake
bed, Dolly Varden, Antelope Valley, 6000 feet, Elko Co., Nev.,
June 10, 1939, W. C. Christensen. This collection from dry
desert habitat, although known previously only from the montane
region from the Wasatch Front, Utah, eastward, is inseparable
from the above named entity.

FEBRUARY, 1941 | GREAT BASIN PLANTS 13

PETALOSTEMON SEARLSL&® A. Gray. Common in dry gravelly
soil, Ferguson Springs, 25 miles southwest of Wendover, Utah,
in Elko Co., Nev., 5900 feet, May 5, 1939, A. H. Holmgren.
Two other collections of less exact locality, are likewise known
from Elko Co. These new stations extend the northern range
in Nevada for this species some 200 miles.

The Holmgren collection was made from an area where
the above species was growing intimately with the northern
P. ornatus Dougl. Lack of clear-cut characters separating the
two raises the question as to their specific distinctness.

*Mimutus Parryr A. Gray. Slopes, 10 miles south of
Alamo, Lincoln Co., Nev., Maguire No. 16308. Mimulus Parryi,
considered by Grant (1924) to be of very restricted distribution,
was known to her only from Washington Co., Utah. The above
collection extends the range northwestward some 100 miles.
Other collections, Maguire No. 5003, 5005, both from Beaver
Dam Wash in the vicinity of Littlefield, Mohave Co., Arizona,
further extend the range into the northeastern corner of that
state. ;

* ERIGERON AusTIN# Greene. Idaho: lava rock benchlands,
House Creek, Owyhee Co., June 28, 1912, Nelson & Macbride
No. 1768; dry gravelly soil, sagebrush type, foothills west of
Rock Creek, Cassia Co., June 12, 1938, R. K. Gierisch No. 597.
Nevada: gravelly ridge, vicinity of San Jacinto, Elko Co., June 4,
1938, A. H. Agee ; dry gravelly soil, 15 miles southwest of O’ Neil,
Elko Co., Nev., 6500 feet, June 10, 1939, Holmgren et al.;
common on sage slopes, vicinity of Hot Creek Reservoir, 42 miles
north of Wells, Elko Co., June 10, 1939, Maguire No. 17025.
The above cited collections show this species to be commonly dis-
tributed in northeastern Nevada and adjacent Idaho. Hitherto
it has been known only from northern California and Oregon.

*ERIGERON COMPACTUS Blake (E. pulvinatus Rydb., 1917,
not Wedd., 1857). Poor, dry, rocky soil at 5200 feet, 50 miles
south of Wells, Elko Co., H. B. Passey; rare in sand dunes, east
side of Antelope Valley, 4800 feet, Elko Co., Nev., June 7, 1939,
C. O. Lund. The ligules in these Nevada collections are pink,
not white as given in the original description. The species is a
Great Basin endemic previously known only from Utah.

I4 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY | VOL. III, NO. I

* WYETHIA HELIANTHOIDES Nutt. Meadow loam, 6000 feet,
15 miles west of San Jacinto, Elko Co., H. B. Passey. The
beautifully prepared and extensive series of this collection from
the northeastern corner of Nevada extends the known range of
this northern species considerably more than a hundred miles
southward.

ARTEMISIA PYGM&A A. Gray. Rare, only in local areas, dry
poor soil, at 5600 feet, south of Nine-mile Well, Elko Co., Nev.,
Aug. 18, 1938, H. B. Passey; locally abundant, dry gravelly soil,
under sage, 3 miles west of Pilot Mt. (vicinity of Wendover,
Utah), Elko Co., Nev., June 17, 1939, C. Lund; 8 miles south-
east of Duchesne, Utah, Aug. 18, 1936, Stoddart & Passey. Hall
and Clements (1923) record this infrequently collected shrub
from western Utah and Eureka and Lincoln counties in Nevada.
The above collections and Graham’s (1937) station from Uintah
Co., Utah, extend the known range eastward by more than 200
miles, and northwestward more than 100 miles.

BALSAMORHIZA HIRSUTA Nutt. var. NEGLECTA Sharp. Idaho:
hillside, Shoshone Falls, Twin Falls Co., May 9, 1939, A. Cron-
quist No. 1113; dry gravelly soil, sagebrush type, foothills west
of Rock Creek, Cassia Co., June 12, 1938, R. K. Gierisch No. 591.
Nevada: with sage, north of O’Neil, Elko Co., W. H. Hurst;
18 miles west of San Jacinto, Elko Co., 6500 feet, A. H. Agee;
dry slopes at 6000 feet, Diamond A Ranch, vicinity of Jarbidge,
Elko Co., May 15, 1939, F. Gallaway; thin stony soil, slopes
above camp, Golliher Pasture, 18 miles northeast of San Jacinto,
Elko Co., June 12, 1939, Maguire No. 16987. The previously
known localities (Sharp, 1935) for this variety are Washoe,
Humboldt, and Ormsby counties, Nevada, and Uintah and Dag-
gett counties, Utah, regions more than 400 miles apart. The area
of the above recorded collections lies almost equidistant between
the two previously known areas.

BALSAMORHIZA PLATYLEPIS Sharp. 18 miles west of San
Jacinto, Elko Co., Nev., 6000 feet, A. H. Agee; stony ridges,
southwest of Bull Camp, 10 miles south of San Jacinto, Elko Co.,
Ney., June 11, 1939, Maguire No. 16991 ; browse slopes, Golliher
(Mts.) Pasture, 18 miles northeast of San Jacinto, Elko Co.,
Nev., June 13, 1939, Maguire No. 16986. The large series of
plants collected under the above numbers most closely fall into

FEBRUARY, 1941 | STUDIES IN ERIOGONUM 15

the recently described B. platylepis of Sharp. The range at-
tributed to this species is “southern Oregon, southward to west-
central Nevada and northern California,” being cited in Nevada
from Washoe County only.

All cited specimens recorded in this paper are on deposit at
the Utah State Agricultural College.

REFERENCES

1. Graham, E. H. Botanical Studies in the Uinta Basin of Utah and
Colorado. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 26 (1937).

2. Grant, A. L. A Monograph of the Genus Mimulus. Ann. Mo. Bot.
11: 276 (1926).

3. Hall, H. M., and F. E. Clements. Artemisia. Carnegie Inst. Wash.
Pub. No. 326: 154 (1923).

4. Hitchcock, C. L. Correspondence of February 4, 1939.

The Genus Lepidium in the United States. Madrojfio 3: 265—320

(1936).

5. Maguire, B. Distributional Notes on Plants of the Great Basin Re-
gion—I. Leafl. West. Bot. 1: 185—188 (1935).

6. Stebbins, G. L., Jr. The Western American Species of Paonia. Ma-
drofio 4: 252—260 (1938).

7. Sharp, W. M. Certain Epappose Genera of Composite. Ann. Mo. Bot.
22: 51—152 (1935).

8. Stokes, S.G. The Genus Eriogonum. San Francisco. 1936.

FURTHER STUDIES IN ERIOGONUM—IV
BY SUSAN G. STOKES

In a very remarkable set of specimens of Eriogonum sent to
me by Mr. M. French Gilman from the Death Valley region
of California, the following seem to be worthy of taxonomic
recognition.

Eriogonum effusum Nutt. var. limbatum Stokes, var. nov. Caulibus
lignosis pallidis basi, foliis et caulibus superioribus albo-pubescentibus ;
foliis brevi-petiolatis, crenatis; pedunculis paulo brevibus; involucris con-
gestis in subcapitata cyma, sessilibus vel breviter pedunculatis, 1—2.5 mm.
longis; floribus 2—3 mm. longis, glabris, basi attenuatis, rubris basi et in
medio sed albescenti-limbatis.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 280845, collected on
Sept. 28, 1939, at Pinyon Mesa, Panamint Mts., Inyo County,
California, 6200 ft., by M. French Gilman, No. 3954. Another
specimen is from Arcane Meadow, Panamint Mts., 9000 ft..

16 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. III, NO. I

Gilman No. 2700, Sept. 1, 1937. The color of the flowers is quite
similar to that of E. bicolor Jones.

Eriogonum Gilmani Stokes, spec. nov. Herba perennis, humilis, com-
pacta, ex radice elongata, lignea, cortice fusca lamellata vestita, caudice
foliis senioribus tecto; foliis rosulatis confertis, paucis ad 12 vel 14, sub-
erectis, dense pubescentibus, tomento albo crasso, laminis 2—4 mm. longis,
ellipticis, basi attenuatis in petiolum marginatum lamina zequilongum,
squamis gemmarum membranaceis; pedunculis solitariis ex singulis rosu-
lis, 1—2 cm. altis, 2 vel 3 involucra cymoso-composita ferentibus, bracteis
linearibus ; involucris 1.5 mm. longis, turbinatis, acute 5-dentatis; floribus
eburneis ad rosaceis, glabris, insignibus, sepalis exterioribus orbicularibus
inflatis, 3—4 mm. diametro, conniventibus, obcordatis, interioribus long-
ioribus, paulum exsertis, angustis, panduratis; acheniis acute 3-angulatis,
2.5 mm. longis.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 280838, collected by
M. French Gilman, No. 3953, on Pinyon Mesa, Panamint Mts.,
Inyo County, California, 6200 ft., Sept. 28, 1939. In appearance
the plants suggest E. cespitosum Nutt., but the pubescence is
different and the flowers are not at all stipitate.

Eriogonum Hoffmanni Stokes var. robustius Stokes, var. nov.
Robustum, ad 9 dm. altum; caulibus basi 1 cm. diametro; foliis magnis,
orbiculatis, 6 cm. diametro, margine percrispis; inflorescentiis glabris,
multo-ramosis, involucra multa brevia sessilia vel subsessilia ferentibus.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 254891, collected at 1500
ft. elev. on Ryan Wash in the Funeral Mts., California, by
M. French Gilman in February, 1938.

Mr. Gilman sent in two other specimens of var. robustius
from Ryan Wash (No. 2728 at 1500 ft. elev.; No. 3918 at
3000 ft.), and although they differ in habit, they seem to be the
same. In No. 2728 the plant is low in habit with numerous clus-
tered branches from the axils of the leaves, but in No. 3918 one
large and three smaller naked peduncles raise the much-branched
inflorescence well above the leafy base. The type of the variety
is intermediate between these two variants.

Besides the specimens of var. robustius, Mr. Gilman sent in
a specimen that does not differ in any material way from the type
of E. Hoffmanni. This came from the Telescope Peak Trail at
10000 ft. in the Panamint Mts. (Gilman No. 3288).

Eriogonum mensicola Stokes, spec. nov. Herba perennis, caudice

dense ramoso, ramis paucis, foliis senioribus siccatis vestitis et rosulas
ferentibus ; foliis dense et compacte albo-pubescentibus, lamina ovata, 6-—9

FEBRUARY, 1941 | STUDIES IN ERIOGONUM 17

mm. longa, petiolo breviore; pedunculis albo-floccosis, 8—10 cm. longis ;
cyma 2- vel 3-radiata, bracteis subfoliaceis linearibus, radiis ramosis, ramis
involucra 2 vel 3 sessilia racemose ferentibus; involucris late turbinatis,
breviter dentatis ; floribus viridulo-albis ad carneis, attenuatis sed non stipi-
tatis, 3—4 mm. longis, glabris, sepalis exterioribus obovatis acutis, interi-
oribus similibus.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 280839, collected on
Pinyon Mesa, Panamint Mts., Inyo County, California, 6800 ft.,
Sept. 29, 1939, by M. French Gilman, No. 3983. The flowers
suggest E. pyrolefolium Hook.

Eriogonum racemosum Nutt. var. desertorum Stokes, var. nov.
A specie differt : humilius ; ramis late patentibus, floccoso-tomentosis, inter-
nodiis infimis 6—10 cm. longis; foliis late obovatis ad orbiculatis, dense
tomentosis, nodiis inferioribus foliosis; involucris turbinatis, 3—4 mm.
longis, circa eodem latitudine; floribus 3—4 mm. longis, costis sepalorum
coloratis.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 280844, collected Aug. 25,
1938, in Arcane Meadow, 9200 ft., Panamint Mts., Inyo County,
California, by M. French Gilman, No. 3332.

Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. subsp. aridum (Greene) Stokes var.
versicolor Stokes, var. nov. Segmentis perianthii versicoloribus, rubro-
maculatis vel roseo-tinctis.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 280854, collected by
M. French Gilman, No. 1929, at Arcane Meadow, 9200 ft., Pana-
mint Mts., Inyo County, California, July 12, 1935. Other speci-
mens from the Panamint Mts., corresponding to the type, in
Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. are: Baldy to Telescope Peak, Hoffmann
No. 466; trail from Wild Rose Canyon to Telescope Peak, Munz
No. 14804; Telescope Peak, 10,000 ft., Epling in 1937.

Collections by Mr. Gilman differ so in color that they seem
worthy of special notice. Like the other members of subsp.
aridum, they have loosely branching caudex, simple rosettes of
small leaves, and bear a small umbel of 2 to 4 rays. The inyo-
lucre is short-toothed and the flowers are stipitate. The first
specimen (Gilman No. 1819, from Titus Canon, Grapevine Mts.,
alt. 6800 ft., June 23, 1935) has pale yellow flowers with some
strongly marked deep red spots on the outer sepals. The second
specimen, here designated the type of the variety, Gilman No.
1929, has flowers pale yellow, but both inner and outer sepals
are marked with a conspicuous, long, red blotch, extending from
the base nearly to the margin of the sepals. The third specimen,

18 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. Ill, NO. I

(Gilman No, 3336, Arcane Meadow, Panamint Mts., alt. 9200 ft.,
Aug. 25, 1938) gives a brilliant appearance with a deep pink
blotch from the attachment to the tip of the sepals bordered by a
rose-colored margin.

NEW WESTERN PLANTS—III
BY ALICE EASTWOOD

Lilium inyoense Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules aliquot ex bulbis rhizo-
maticis, circa 7 dm. alti, glabri; foliis dispersis, supremis verticillatis,
lineari-lanceolatis, circa 8 cm. longis et 5 mm. latis, vel oblongo-lanceolatis,
9 cm. longis et 15 mm. latis, glabris ; floribus axillaribus, nutantibus ; pedun-
culis 10—15 cm. longis; segmentis perianthii multo recurvatis, basi auran-
tiacis brunneo-punctatis, partibus recurvatis flavis, sine punctis, circa 3 cm.
longis, 8—10 mm. latis; staminibus et stylo exsertis, antheris 4 mm. longis,
2 mm. latis; stigmate clavato, superante stamina.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 246211, collected near
Bishop, Inyo County, California, by Miss Anita M. Noldeke,
June 29, 1937. Another specimen without flowers which seems
to be the same is Herb. No. 211884, collected at Rock Creek
Lodge, Inyo County, Aug. 6, 1932, at 8000 ft., by Maurice
Halperin, No. 545. The bulb of Miss Noldeke’s plant was so
imbedded in the grass that it was removed with difficulty. It is
a flat bulb with numerous bulblets like rice grains and is most
nearly related to L. fresnense Eastw.*

Lupinus Blaisdellii Eastwood, spec. nov. Annuus?, caules graciles,
ramosi, circa 4—5 dm. alti, paulo appresso-sericei; foliolis 5—7, anguste
oblongis, maximis circa 2 cm. longis, 4 mm. latis, apice obtusis, basi acutis,
paulo appresso-sericeis, viridibus; petiolis gracilibus, 2—5 cm. longis;
stipulis liberis, attenuatis, sericeis, 2—3 mm. longis; floribus carneis, circa
9 mm. longis, 10 mm. latis, verticillatis in racemis circa 1 dm. longis, equi-
longis pedunculis, verticillis circa 1—2 cm. separatis; bracteis lanceolatis,
subdeciduis ; calyce subsaccato basi; labio inferiore 4 mm. longo, obtuso,
labio superiore latiore et breviore, bisecto; vexillo reflexo, 1 cm. lato et
longo, glabro, alis paulo brevioribus, 6 mm. latis; carina brevi, curvata,
obtusa, ciliata longis villis ex medio ad infra apicem.

* Lillum fresnense Eastwood, comb. nov. L. nevadense Eastwood var.
fresnense Eastwood, Leafl. West. Bot. 1:42 (1933). Since seeing specimens
collected by Mr. J. T. Howell in the Kings River Canyon in the summer of
1940, I am convinced that this lily should be raised to specific rank. It
is what I called L. pardalinum parviflorum Eastwood (FI. S. Fk. Kings
River, Publ. Sierra Club No. 27:14,—1902). Mr. Howell reports it as filling
the air with fragrance. He collected specimens near Charlotte Creek and
a Junction Meadow in Fresno County and near Reflection Lake in Tulare

ounty.

FEBRUARY, 1941 | NEW WESTERN PLANTS 19

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 63219, collected at Mokel-
umne Hill, Calaveras County, California, by Dr. F. E. Blaisdell
in 1905. It is named in honor of Dr. Blaisdell, who gave the
herbarium many specimens before the 1906 fire. Some of the
lupines were saved, this among them, as they were at the Gray
Herbarium.

Without a root it is not possible to be sure whether this is
annual or perennial, but the probabilities are with the former,
and it may be an ally of L. nanus Dougl. The almost circular
corolla with the unusually large banner is not like that of any of
the L. nanus allies ; but it does not belong with L. citrinus Kellogg
or L. deflexus Congdon.

Lupinus Brandegeei Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules ramosi ex caudice
ligneo, decumbentes, circa 2—4 dm. alti, dense villosi, vestiti villis brevibus
et villis longis divaricatis ineequalibus, foliosi, ramosi supra, ramis brevi-
bus; foliolis oblanceolatis vel anguste spatulatis, 2 cm. longis, 3—5 mm.
latis, dense villosis; petiolis nonnumquam longioribus foliolis; stipulis dis-
junctis, attenuatis, circa 5 mm. longis, villosissimis ; racemis superantibus
folia; pedunculis brevibus; bracteis caducis, superantibus gemmas, fili-
formibus et villosis; floribus circa 10 mm. longis, vexillo et alis approxi-
matis; calyce basi saccato, 2 mm. lato; labio superiore 2-dentato, dentibus
approximatis, labio inferiore longiore, integro, obtuso; vexillo basi cal-
carato, glabro, circa 1 cm. longo, reflexo; alis 1 cm. longis, 4 mm. latis,

margine crispis; carina falcata, glabra, tecta alis in juventute, exserta in
senectute.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 62028, collected at Lake-

port, Lake County, California, May, 1886, by T. S. Brandegee,
in whose honor it is named.

It seems to be related to L. lilacinus Heller, differing most
noticeably in the shaggy hairs clothing the entire plant except
the corolla. The racemes at first are short and densely flowered,
later elongating and more laxly flowered. Owing to the age
of the specimen which was at the Gray Herbarium at the time of
the fire in 1906 and so saved, the color of the flowers cannot
be determined. The plant was undoubtedly white from the dense
shaggy hairs.

Lupinus brunneo-maculatus Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules erecti vel
decumbentes ex caudice patenti ramoso et lignea radice simplici, circa 15
cm. alti, foliosi, ramosi, appresso-sericei ; foliolis 5 vel 6, anguste oblongis
vel oblanceolatis, maximis circa 2 cm. longis, 5 mm. latis, acutis, sericeis

villis appressis et divaricatis; petiolis gracilibus, erectis, multo longioribus
foliolis; stipulis brevissimis, adnatis ad medium; floribus albis, brunneo-

20 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. I

maculato vexillo, in brevibus racemis, ramulos terminantibus; pedunculis
brevibus, tectis foliis; bracteis caducis, attenuatis, villosis, superantibus
gemmas; calyce 4 mm. longo, labiis zquilongis, labio superiore bisecto,
segmentis obtusis approximatis, labio inferiore ovato, obtuso, 3 mm. longo,
basi 2 mm. lato; corolla 1 cm. longa; vexillo rotundo, reflexo, glabro, circa
1 cm. diametro, separatim alis 1—2 mm.; alis 1 cm. longis, 4 mm. latis;
carina curvata, paulo ciliata supra medium et infra apicem obtusum.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 281101, collected by
Lewis S. Rose, No. 35373, July 16, 1935, on Mammoth Crest,
Mammoth Lakes region, Mono County, California, alt. 10000 ft.
Its affinity is unknown.

Lupinus candidissimus Eastwood, spec. noy. Perennis, densissime
albo-tomentosus et villosus pilis tenuibus et divaricatis, 4 dm. altus, ramosus
et foliosus; petiolis foliorum inferiorum multo longioribus foliolis, stipulis
brevi-adnatis, subulatis, 4—5 mm. longis, foliolis circa 8, anguste oblongis
vel oblanceolatis, mucronatis, 3—4 cm. longis, 6—8 mm. latis, argenteo-
sericeis pilis adpressis; racemis brevi-pedunculatis, circa 1 dm. longis,
verticillatis, pedicellis 5 mm. longis, brevioribus calycibus, bracteis semi-
persistentibus attenuatis, pedicellos superantibus; floribus 8 mm. longis,
roseo-cesiis; basi calycis gibbosa, dentibus labii superioris approximatis,
labio inferiore lanceolato, acuto, 7 mm. longo; vexillo equali alis, 8 mm.
lato, obovato, dorso basi villoso; alis latis, albo-marginatis; carina basi
3 mm. lata, curvata, villosa supra medium, apice glabra et purpurea, tecta
alis; leguminibus argenteo-sericeis, longissimis, 2—5 cm. longis, 8 mm.
latis, seminibus 3 vel 4.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 277670, collected June 19,
1940, at the old saw mill site, Sheep Mt., Clark County, Nevada,
elev. 6600 ft., by Annie M. Alexander and Louise Kellogg,
No. 1753a. “It grew at the base of the hill and part way up a
small canyon, a rank-growing plant with pinkish-lavender flowers,
the edge of the wings white.” We are greatly indebted to Miss
Alexander and Miss Kellogg for this and other fine specimens
from Nevada.

This is related to L. caudatus Kell., but differs in the smaller
flowers and the calyx saccate but not calcarate. The leaves are
spreading and the whole plant very lovely with the snowy pubes-
cence and rosy-lavender flowers. When the flowers first come
into bloom there is no space between the banner and wings, later
it varies from 3—5 mm.

Lupinus elegantulus Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules multi et simplices
ex radice lignea, 3—4 dm. alti, graciles, infra prope nudi, supra foliosi,

leviter vestiti villis tenuibus appressis; foliolis 7—11, oblanceolatis, viridi-
bus, conduplicatis, apice apiculatis, 3—4 cm. longis, 5—7 mm. latis, villis

FEBRUARY, 1941 | NEW WESTERN PLANTS 21

tenuibus appressis, infra densioribus; petiolis foliorum inferiorum multo
longioribus laminis, foliorum supremorum brevioribus; racemis 1—2 dm.
longis, pedunculis tectis foliis superioribus; floribus violaceis, circa 15
mm. longis, laxe diffusis; bracteis gemmarum minimarum subulatis, pedi-
cellos superantibus, bracteis gemmarum seniorum caducis; calyce argenteo-
sericeo, bracteolato, labiis prope zqualibus in longitudine, superiore
2-dentato, inferiore integro, acuto, calcare 2 mm. longo; pedicellis brevi-
oribus calycibus et longioribus calcaribus; vexillo reflexo, violaceo, pur-
pureo-maculato, dorso pubescenti, superanti alas, lamina late ovata, 1 cm.
longa et lata, ungue 5 mm. longo, 3 mm. lato, inserto in calcari calycis;
alis apice pubescentibus et conniventibus; carina ciliata supra medium et
infra purpureum apicem, tecta alis.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 281105, collected June 13,
1940, on Fandango Pass, Warner Mountains, Modoc County,
California, by Eastwood and Howell, No. 8141.

This might be considered a variety of L. calcaratus Kellogg,
but the two plants are so different in appearance that it seems
better to consider this a species. The smaller, violet flowers,
scattered diffusely in the raceme, the more slender habit, the
narrower spur, narrower leaflets, greener and more lightly pubes-
cent leaves and stems are some of the differences. The bracts
fall even before the buds open and the stipules are more slender.
The spur on the calyx seems to grow as the flowers expand.
On the young buds it is scarcely evident.

Lupinus Lelandsmithii Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules fistulosi, alti,
erecti, foliosi, simplices vel ramulis parvis axillaribus; foliolis 6—9, circa
zquilongis petiolis gracilibus, 6—9 cm. longis, 3—5 mm. latis, supra leviter
appresso-sericeis, infra vestitis villis longioribus divaricatis ; stipulis villosis,
adnatis ad medium, 2 cm. longis, filiformibus ; racemis terminalibus, paulo
superantibus folia, 10—15 cm. longis; pedunculis circa 1 dm. longis; flori-
bus circa 15 mm. longis, vexillo et alis separatim 5 mm.; bracteis villosis,
filiformibus, superantibus gemmas, caducis; calyce subsaccato basi, labio
superiore circa 3 mm. longo, 2-lobato, labio inferiore 7 mm. longo; vexillo
circa 1 cm. diametro, purpureo, albo-maculato, brunneo-maculato in senec-

tute; alis 7 mm. latis; carina falcata, glabra, 4 mm. lata medio, fere tecta
alis.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 62032, collected at Horn-
brook, Siskiyou County, California, May 4, 1913, by Mr. Leland
E. Smith, whose collections many years ago added valuable
specimens to the herbarium. Mr. Smith was a commercial
traveller who became interested in learning about the plants that
he saw on his travels and sent them to me for identification.
I am glad to be able to name this in his honor.

22 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY | VOL. III, NO. I

The lower parts of the stems are lacking, but it is undoubtedly
perennial. It belongs to the L. formosus group, differing from its
allies in the narrow leaflets and the long bracts surpassing the
buds. This group is the most variable of any in California and
needs a careful revision.

Lupinus Rosei Eastwood, spec. nov. Perennis, decumbens, ramosus
basi et supra ex ligneo caudice, foliosus, 2—3 dm. altus, vestitus villis
tenuibus, paulo divaricatis, margine et costa dense appressis, argenteo-
sericeis, margine ciliatis, petiolis inferioribus longioribus foliolis, petiolis
superioribus equilongis foliolis; stipulis 2—3 mm. longis, ad medium ad-
natis; foliolis 5—9, lanceolatis, 2—3 cm. longis, 4—6 mm. latis; floribus
violaceis, circa 10 mm. longis, verticillatis in racemis brevibus, pedunculis
brevibus, pedicellis perbrevibus in gemmis, longioribus sub anthesi, bracteis
caducis; calyce bracteolato, basi appresse sericeo, labio superiore bisecto
ad basin, segmentis lanceolatis, obtusis, divaricatis, circa 6 mm. longis,
labio inferiore longiore, apice obtuso, abrupte curvato; vexillo dorso et
ventro villoso, circa 7 mm. lato et 9—10 mm. longo, separatim alis 4 mm.;
alis 5 mm. latis, prope basin ciliatis; carina curvata, medio 3 mm. lata,
ciliata ex basi prope apicem exsertum; legumine 2 cm. longo, 7—8 mm.
lato, dense argenteo-sericeo, seminibus plerumque 3 vel 4, albis, orbicu-
latis, nitidis.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 281103, collected in open
desert country near Mono Lake, Mono County, California, at
an elevation of 6700 ft., Sept. 29, 1937, by Lewis S. Rose,
No. 37701, in whose honor it is named. The lower lip of the
calyx curves over the rest of the flower in the buds. This lupine
does not seem to be closely allied to any other species.

Valeriana anomala Eastwood, spec. nov. Caulis erectus, 4—5 dm. altus,
robustus, striatus, glaber vel inconspicue, puberulus, nodis densius, basi
sarmentosus et membranaceus; foliis radicalibus late orbiculatis, 1.5—2.5
cm. latis, apice truncatis, obtusis vel retusis, plerumque pauci-lobatis,
petiolis latis; foliis caulinis infimis 4-divisis, segmento superiore suborbicu-
lato, 4—5 cm. longo, 3—5 cm. lato, undulato, apice obtuso, approximato
ad segmenta superiora lateralia, segmentis inferioribus 2—3 cm. distantibus,
omnibus segmentis lateralibus oblongis vel ovatis, 2—3 cm. longis, 1—2 cm.
latis, petiolis 4—5 cm. longis; foliis superioribus prope sessilibus, segmentis
ovatis, margine sinuato-serratis; foliorum supremorum segmentis lanceo-
lato-acuminatis, integris; foliis stolonum variabilibus, 3—5-divisis, seg-
mentis diversis; floribus glomeratis, bracteis lineari-lanceolatis; corolla
infundibulari, 9 mm. longa, basi brevi-stipitata, glabra vel hirta exteriore
et interiore ; lamina 4—5-lobata, 4 mm. diametro; staminibus exsertis, stylo
stamina superanti, stigmate vix lobato; acheniis glabris.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 271190, collected on Black
Mountain, Marble Mountains, Siskiyou Co., California, Aug. 8,

FEBRUARY, 1941] NEW WESTERN PLANTS 23

1939, by John Thomas Howell, No. 15162. Another specimen
was collected by Mr. Howell at Spirit Lake, Marble Mountains,
Aug. 3, 1939, No. 15017.

This valerian is anomalous in having flowers in the same
glomerules with both four and five lobes on the corolla, the base
of which is either smooth or somewhat hairy. It is a tall robust
plant with large leaves, extremely diverse. The inflorescence
branches when older. It is most nearly related to V. Adamsiana
Eastwood in the shape of the flowers, but unlike it in other
respects.

Valeriana maculata Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules ex rhizomate lignoso,
erecti, simplices, graciles, circa 15 cm. alti, puberuli; foliis radicalibus
plerumque simplicibus, oblongis, basi attenuatis, apice obtusis, circa 15 mm.
longis, 5—7 mm. latis, petiolis gracilibus, duplo longioribus laminis ; foliis
caulinis oppositis vel 3-verticillatis, trilobatis, lobo medio foliorum inferi-
orum simili foliis radicalibus, lobis lateralibus divaricatis, multo minoribus ;
lobis foliorum superiorum lanceolato-acuminatis; floribus in juventute
glomeratis, in senectute divaricate paniculatis, ramis elongatis, gracilibus,
bracteis linearibus, attenuatis; corolla circa 4 mm. longa, infundibulari,
pallido-rosea, lobis roseo-maculatis, tubo brevissimo, stipitato, basi gibboso,
lamina 3 mm. diametro; acheniis maturis sessilibus, anguste ovatis, nervatis,
glabris, nonnumquam rubro-punctatis, pappo rubescenti, basi conjuncto.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 271193, collected by Annie
M. Alexander, June 15, 1939, No. 610c, along moist creek banks,
common, alt. 8250 ft., Deer Creek, Charleston Mts., Clark Co.,
Nevada. Other specimens by the same collector and in the same
mountains are as follows, all having been used in the description :
No. 610b, Twin Falls, alt. 8250 ft., June 12; No. 610a and 610d,
upper end of Lee Canyon, alt. 8650 ft., May 24 and June 16.
The specimens were given to the Herbarium of the California
Academy of Sciences for determination by the Botany Depart-
ment of the University of California. The specimens were doubt-
fully identified as Valeriana occidentalis Heller.

The corolla is quite unlike that of V’. occidentalis Heller in
shape, approaching that of V. Follettiana Eastwood, but with
a narrower and more flaring tube. The plants are low and
graceful from slender woody rootstocks ; leaves are clustered at
base both radical and adjacent cauline, the upper cauline leaves
are far apart and either opposite or 3-verticillate with divisions
lanceolate-acuminate. When young, the flowers are in a close
cluster which later becomes a branched panicle. The stem 1s

24 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. I

puberulent and the nodes not hairy. The red spots on the short
corolla-lobes are much darker in the young flowers than in the old.

Valeriana Whiltonz Eastwood, spec. nov. Caulis erectus, glaber,
prope nudus, circa 3.5 dm. altus, simplex, gracilis, basi squamosus et stolon-
iferus; foliis radicalibus infimis spatulatis, apice truncatis vel obtusis, 2—5
cm. longis, 1.5 cm. latis, petiolis latis, lanato-ciliatis ; aliis foliis radicalibus
3- ad 5-lobatis, medio lobo simili foliis spatulatis, lobis lateralibus lanceo-
latis, divaricatis, 5—10 mm. longis, 3—4 mm. latis, petiolis lanato-ciliatis ;
foliis inferioribus caulinorum similibus, petiolis brevioribus et latioribus,
apice loborum mediorum dentato vel dentato-laciniato; foliis superioribus
caulinorum paucis, tenuissimis, basi dilatis, circa 1 cm. longis ; nodis pubes-
centibus; inflorescentia cymoso-paniculata, duobus pedunculis inferioribus
gracilibus, circa 2 cm. longis, 2—6 cm. ex cyma terminali, bracteis similibus
foliis supremis, autem brevioribus; corolla infundibulari, 5 mm. longa,
lamina 4 mm. diametro, segmentis obtusis, rubris, 1 mm. latis; staminibus
exsertis, superantibus stigma capitatum; acheniis anguste ovatis, 3 mm.
longis, albo-villosis.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 273727, collected by Inez
Whilton Winblad, July 25, 1938, on the Tioga Grade, Mono
Co., California. Her father, Mr. Whilton, has decorated his
hotel in Tulare with hundreds of species of pressed Californian
flowers collected by his daughter, Mrs. Winblad. They are
from all parts of California and were sent to Mr. Howell to be
named. They are remarkable for their beauty and the preser-
vation of the color of the flowers. It is a pleasure to name this
distinct valerian in her honor.

This tall, slender valerian seems to be leafless above, from
the very small, almost filiform leaves that are far apart and only
one or two pairs. The leaves are clustered near the base and
on the stolons, where both entire and lobed leaves occur. The
flowers approach those of V’. californica Heller, but the white
woolly achenes and almost leafless stems mark it as distinct from
that or any other described species.

DESCHAMPSIA ATROPURPUREA IN CALIFORNIA. In August,
1939, two collections of Deschampsia atropurpurea ( Wahl.)
Scheele were made in the Marble Mt. region of Siskiyou County,
California, the first at Spirit Lake, the second on the ridge south
of Marble Valley (J. T. Howell No. 15003, 15229). This spe-
cies is not reported for California in Hitchcock, Man. Grasses
U. S., p. 289, but it has been known from Oregon at least as far
south as Crater Lake. In the Marble Mts., it grows on high
steep northern slopes where snow banks linger longest.—John
Thomas Howell.

|

o Vou. IIl No. 2
LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

F. M. MacFartanp

On the Golden Anniversary of the California Botanical Club 26
A.ice EAstwoop

The Islands of Southern California and a List of the Recorded

1 OL ERS OURS HET hg eae DAS I mY
ALice Eastwoop
meuruimite to Csaddalupe Island’. .) 0). 6/0 es a

JouHn THomas Howe yi

The Lupinus latifolius Aggregate. . . . . . . 4i
Auice Eastwoop

The Use of Plants for Fish-Poisoning by the California

Indians .. SN SRS fe gS Soe tee Meera,
Rosert F. Hees

RePEION LU GIDAetON |) ill De tas yes sili) jo eh 05 oes ie
C. V. Morton

Notes on the Eastwood Blackberry . . . . . . 46

Joun Tuomas Howe.

A New Name for Heterocodon rariforum Nutt. . . . 48
Rocers McVAauGH

This number published with funds from the
California Botanical Club

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
Aprit 22, 1941

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the
native flora of western North America, appearing about four
times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single
numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco,
California.

Cited as

LEAFL. WEstT. Bor.

eee UUs Ue Rau OL ue 0)

Hee ee ee Ue LMA HU ALe LUTE nM |

Owned and published by

Aicr Eastwoop and JoHN THomas HowELyi

LIBRAR
WEW YORK
BOTANICAL
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES GAR DYN
Founded in 1853
GOLDEN GATE PARK
SAN FRANCISCO

March 31, 1941

Miss Alice Eastwood, Curator
Department of Botany
California Academy of Sciences

Dear Miss Eastwood:

On behalf of the California Academy of
Sciences, may I extend through you to the
California Botanical Club our sincere con-
gratulations upon the fiftieth anniversary of
the founding of your organization. It has had
a long and very useful existence and has most
admirably succeeded in promoting botanical
knowledge and interest in this region.

We wish for it long continued activity and
success.

The Academy has deemed it a privilege
to cooperate in some measure in promoting the
aims of the Club, and hopes to have that
opportunity continued in the future. To your
own infectious enthusiasm and unhesitating
self-sacrifice, my dear Miss Eastwood, is
without question most of the success due.

With highest esteen,

Ever faithfully yours,

Tl Vier

F. M. MacFarland

President
FM:EL

Leafil. West. Bot., Vol. III, pp. 25-48, April 22, 1941.

26 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 2

ON THE GOLDEN ANNIVERSARY OF THE
CALIFORNIA BOTANICAL CLUB

BY ALICE EASTWOOD

In Zoe, volume 2, page 93, the founding of the California
Botanical Club is recorded as follows:

In response to a call from Dr. H. W. Harkness, Dr. H. H. Behr, Dr.
Gustav Eisen, T. S. Brandegee, Mrs. Mary W. Kincaid, Miss Agnes M.
Manning, and Mrs. Katharine Brandegee, a meeting was held at one P. M.,
on March 7, 1891, in the herbarium room of the California Academy of
Sciences.

The meeting was called to order by Dr. H. W. Harkness, who briefly
explained that the objects of the proposed Club were to promote the study
of plants, especially those found on the Pacific Coast of North America,
and by bringing into more intimate relations the botanists of the Coast to
arouse a greater interest in so rich a field of science. All:persons joining
the Club were invited to meet the botanical curator of the California
Academy in the herbarium room every Monday afternoon for the study
of living plants... .

While the objects of the Club have never changed, it became
undesirable to keep to the original formal organization. Eventu-
ally the officers became reduced to the president or leader and
the treasurer. During the fifty years of the Club’s existence
only three treasurers have served, Miss Agnes M. Manning and
Mrs. W. B. B. Ingalls until death and Mrs. E. C. Sutliffe still
active. A subscription to Zoe, a scientific magazine published
under the auspices of Mr. and Mrs. T. S. Brandegee, was in-
cluded in the dues. When they moved to San Diego, Zoe was
discontinued.

After I came to the Academy, Mrs. Brandegee, who had
been the leader, put me in charge and I have been in the position
ever since.

The Club meets almost every week in the Herbarium of the
California Academy of Sciences to study living plants, both
native and exotic. Excursions into the country take place in the
spring months, and during the rest of the year, Golden Gate
Park with its 4000 species is a profitable field.

The members generally know the principal native plants and
the more common exotics. Since they have so much greater
knowledge of plants than the public in general, they are looked
upon as authorities wherever they go. Mrs. E. C. Sutliffe has

APRIL, 1941] ISLANDS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 27

given especial attention to the liverworts or Hepaticae and our
collection has greatly increased under her care. Wherever the
members go they watch for unusual species of plants and have
contributed personally a great deal to the herbarium, including
several new species.

“A Key to the Common Families of Flowering Plants in
California,” written by me, was published by the Club, and
each year they help financially the publication of LEAFLETS OF
WEsTERN Botany. The Club has donated many valuable books
to the library of the Department of Botany, has purchased sets
of botanical specimens for the Herbarium, and gives twenty-five
dollars every year to Save the Redwoods League.

It has done much through its members to spread the knowl-
edge of the activities of the California Academy of Sciences to
the people of San Francisco.

THE ISLANDS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA AND
A LIST OF THE RECORDED PLANTS—I

BY ALICE EASTWOOD
i

My knowledge of these islands has been chiefly derived from
the descriptions of those who have visited them. My own knowl-
edge has come from a few visits to Santa Catalina Island and
one to Santa Cruz Island. The list of species has been compiled
from scattered publications of scientific societies, floras, revisions,
monographs, lists, and general descriptions. To be sure of the
validity of the species, years of study would be necessary, access
to all herbarium material, and extensive field work. Doubtless
some names may have escaped my search, but the list has been
brought pretty well up to date. A bibliography at the end of the
list will give the chief sources of my information, especially
those concerning the insular species.

SANTA CATALINA ISLAND

Santa Catalina Island is about 22 miles long and about 4 miles
wide except at the Isthmus, where the island is about a mile
wide and is divided into two parts which at one time were believed
to have been separated by a narrow channel. The whole island
is mountainous, the two parts rising from the sea to heights of

28 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 2

from 1400 to 2000 ft. It has an area of 43,438 acres and is cut
up by canyons and washes with some fertile valleys between.
The canyons form almost a labyrinth as they divide and sub-
divide. Generally the upper part is narrow and they broaden as
they descend. Most of them have small streams at the bottom
which often contain water throughout the year. One, known as
Silver Creek, a never-failing stream, runs through a sandy wash
where cottonwoods grow. The fogs condense on the higher
ridges, giving moisture to the western slopes where the vege-
tation is the most luxuriant. The eastern slopes are dry and here
the cactus grows in dense masses, predominating, but also pro-
tecting, other plants from the ravages of the goats. Avalon, the
only town, is a resort for pleasure-seekers and anglers. It has
one of the best beaches in California and a delightful climate.

Dr. William Gambel of Philadelphia came to Santa Catalina
Island in 1847 to collect birds, but he also collected some notable
plants, the first known from any of the coast islands. They were
described by Thomas Nuttall in the Journal of the Philadelphia
Academy of Sciences in 1848. The most remarkable is Crosso-
soma californicum. This genus has been a puzzle to taxonomists.
In the Botany of California (Geological Survey), it is placed
in the Ranunculacee. Bentham and Hooker in Genera Plan-
tarum doubtfully included it in the Dilleniacee, tribe Hibbertie.
This tribe is chiefly Australian. Engler in Die nattirlichen
Pflanzenfamilien considers it a monotypic genus in a new family
which he named Crossosomatacee. Crossosoma californicum has
also been found on San Clemente and Guadalupe islands.

Not until many years later were these islands visited by
anyone interested in natural history. W.S. Lyon of Los Angeles
made a short trip in September, 1884, and the next year in June
and July. Among his collections on Santa Catalina was a new
tree, named Lyonothamnus in his honor. This genus, too, is
anomalous. Asa Gray named it in 1885 and was doubtful
whether to put it into the Saxifragacee or Rosaceae. N. L.
Britton in Flora of North America establishes it in the Cunont-
acee. This is an order chiefly Australian but found also in
South Africa, South America, and the East Indies. It is notable
that both Crossosoma and Lyonothamnus are allied to plants in
regions so far distant. Mr. Lyon listed 151 species, of which

APRIL, 1941] ISLANDS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 29

15 were insular. The Catalina Cherry, Prunus Lyont, was con-
sidered a variety of P. ilicifolia, but differs in being truly arbore-
ous with large glossy leaves usually entire and fruit with much
more pulp. It is restricted to the islands.

Mr. T. S. Brandegee made several visits in 1884, 1889, 1890,
and 1899. He added about 56 species, none of which was un-
described, according to him, and all except a very few found
also on the mainland. He describes the more luxuriant growth
of many species and some varietal differences. Since then other
authors, especially Dr. E. L. Greene, Dr. J. N. Rose, Dr. P. A.
Rydberg, Alice Eastwood, and Dr. C. F. Millspaugh, have added
over thirty new species, most of them endemic on Santa Cata-
lina. Many additions have come from the collections of Mrs.
Blanche Trask. She lived at Avalon for many years and walked
over all parts of the island, even sleeping out in the open if night
overtook her when she wandered too far. Her most complete
collection was in the Herbarium of the California Academy of
Sciences. It, together with all the other island collections, were
better represented in the Academy herbarium than in any other,
but all were destroyed in the earthquake and fire of 1906. Only
the types were saved. Some specimens were distributed by Mrs.
Trask to other herbariums and from these at least 30 have been
described as new, most of them endemic on Santa Catalina Island.
Undoubtedly as revisions of Californian genera appear, the
number of new species will increase.

The most important and latest work on the flora of Santa
Catalina Island is that of Millspaugh and Nuttall published in
1923 as one of the botanical publications of the Field Museum,
Chicago. The description of the island has been my source of
information, added to my own knowledge gained many years
ago by several trips with Mrs. Trask. From inspection of many
herbariums a list of all who have collected on the island is given
by Dr. Millspaugh. The mosses, hepatics, fungi, and lichens are
included in the flora, the first record of these groups. Leaving
these out, the vascular cryptogams number 11 species and the
phanerogams 446 species; 8 were described as new.

SAN CLEMENTE ISLAND

San Clemente Island, lying 20 miles west of Santa Catalina
Island, is 18 miles long and from 1% to 3 miles wide. Its highest

30 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 2

peak, Mt. Cortez, is 1904 ft. in elevation. The island is volcanic
in origin, and, together with San Nicolas, the two most distant
from the mainland, is believed to have had a later development
than the other islands. On San Clemente, what seems to have
been an ancient crater is at the northwest end and everywhere
evidences of volcanic action are visible. The island is girded
with a succession of caves rising one above the other and even
going down below the sea. They show former levels, the result
of upheavals and depressions. Some extend into the bowels of
the earth and have never been explored. The sea rushes in and
out with explosive force and noise. The surface of the island
shows few level areas not cut into by the deep and narrow gorges
that lead towards the ocean. Few of them reach the beach and
when rains come, the water dashes down to fall in cascades over
the cliffs. The upper rocky part is covered with the ice-plant,
which hides the rocks and is so dense and fleshy as to soak the
boots and leggings of the trespasser, and the danger of slipping
is imminent. According to John Robearts, an old inhabitant,
the ice-plant was confined to the sand-dunes, but is now continu-
ally spreading on to the uplands and increasing.

Mrs. Trask describes the descent into any of the canyons
leading to the sea as hazardous. The sharp volcanic rocks are
completely hidden by dense vegetation. Trifolium tridentatum
grows 4 to 6 feet high and the long thick stems spread vine-like
so that to avoid being tripped, hands and feet are both needed
to crawl down the steep defiles. Sailing around the island, Mrs.
Trask could count the groves of Lyonothamnus up the canyons,
and, near the summits, the oaks.

W. S. Lyon of Los Angeles, accompanied by the Rev. J. C.
Nevin, was the first to bring back a collection of plants from San
Clemente. Lyon’s account and list was published in the Botanical
Gazette in 1886. The plants were named by Asa Gray. They
visited the island in April, 1885, and spent four days there.
Eighty-one species were collected, six described as new.

Mrs. Trask spent three months on San Clemente Island in
1903. Her specimens were sent to me for identification, but both
specimens and list were lost in the earthquake and fire of 1906.
However, in a fine descriptive account which was published in
the Proceedings of the Southern California Academy of Sciences

APRIL, 1941] ISLANDS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 31

in 1904, she described the appearance and habitat of some im-
portant species that Lyon did not list. Among these were the
two oaks, Quercus chrysolepis and Q. tomentella, Crossosoma
californicum, heretofore listed only from Guadalupe and Santa
Catalina islands, and Lavatera assurgentiflora, the tree or bush
mallow restricted apparently to San Miguel, San Clemente, and
Anacapa islands.

There are three kinds of cactus on San Clemente, Opuntia
prolifera, O. Engelmanni var. littoralis, and Cereus Emoryt.
Thickets of the two species of Opuntia are so dense at the east
end as to make penetration almost impossible. At the south end,
Cereus Emoryi hangs down snake-like over the caves and dangles
back and forth in the wind.

The caves were evidently used as homes by the Indian inhabi-
tants, as indicated by the traces that they have left.

San Nicotas ISLAND

San Nicolas Island is farthest from the mainland, nearly
70 miles, but it is not the most western. It is a small wind-swept
island about 8 miles long and with an average width of 3 miles.
It has a central peak 850 ft. in elevation, the crater of an ancient
volcano, and the evidences of volcanic action are everywhere
evident.

Mrs. Blanche Trask was the first to make a botanical col-
lection on this island, and in April, 1897, she spent some time
there collecting the plants and relics of the former Indian inhabi-
tants. Her account with the list of plants was published by the
author in the Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences
(ser. 3, 1:89—120,—1898).

Dr. Stephen Bowers published an account of his visit to the
island in the Ninth Annual Report of the State Mineralogist
(1889, p. 57). He reported an abundance of water, but slightly
brackish. He did not see even a bush growing, though a portion
of the island was said to have formerly been clothed with trees
and brush. He thought two-thirds of the island capable of being
cultivated. Mrs. Trask found no soil on the broad uplands but
tons of pebbles, round as shot and about the same size, support-
ing only the ice-plant and some common weeds. A small lake
was discovered where Eleocharis grew. The only fresh water

32 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. 2

comes from dripping rocks at the west end, where also the most
abundant evidences of the former inhabitants can be found.

The island is apparently being gradually blown into the ocean.
The pebbles on the uplands are taken up by the wind like sand
and blown about. The caves along the coast are similar to other
ocean caves. Sand-dunes fill the canyons and have carved the
bluffs into giant stairs leading from the mesa to the ocean. The
surrounding beds of kelp make landing difficult.

Mrs. Trask collected 80 plants, but some were not sufficiently
advanced for identification. Twelve were described as new.

In March, 1932, Mr. J. T. Howell, when on the Templeton
Crocker Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to
the Galapagos Islands, landed at the south end and collected
34 numbers, adding 7 to Mrs. Trask’s list, and, from more ade-
quate material, naming some that had not been specifically de-
termined. He collected also some hepatics (Asterella, Targionia,
and Spherocarpus). His account and list were published in the
Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (ser. 4,
21 : 277—284,—1935).

Other species have been described from specimens that Mrs.
Trask distributed to other herbariums. Altogether about 95
species and varieties have been listed from San Nicolas. Among
the shrubs found by Mrs. Trask are Heteromeles arbutifolia,
Lycium californicum, Lycium verrucosum, Artemisia californica
var. insularis, Baccharis consanguinea, Coreopsis gigantea, and
two species of Opuntia.

SANTA Cruz ISLAND

This is one of the larger islands, 21 miles long and averaging
5 miles wide. Like all the other large islands, it is mountainous,
several peaks reaching an elevation of over 2400 ft. These
mountain ridges are cut into by innumerable canyons and gulches,
many of which reach the sea. Small streams run through them
and form sandy beaches where small boats can land. These can-
yons are more easily explored from the sea than from the land.

The caves along the shores are very remarkable, some so
large as to be able to hold over 100 persons, and one especially
that extends into the interior of the island in a succession of
caves, the outer ones lofty and large, the inner unknown. As
it takes only three hours in a launch to reach Santa Cruz Island

APRIL, 1941] ISLANDS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 33

from Santa Barbara, its easy accessibility has lured many
explorers, not only botanical but also archeological. At one time
the island supported a large population of Indians whose relics
are found throughout the island.

In 1874, Dr. Albert Kellogg and W. G. G. Harford spent a
short time on Santa Cruz Island. Only six species resulted from
their collecting, but all were new. Dr. Kellogg described Lepto-
syne gigantea (now Coreopsis), Dendromecon Harfordi, and
Grindelia latifolia. Later, from their collection, Dr. E. L. Greene
described Saxifraga malvefolia (now Jepsonia), Eriogonum
arborescens, and Hazardia detonsa. The Lyonothamnus, which
was brought to Dr. Greene by Mr. Hazard of Santa Barbara
in 1885, differs from the species on Santa Catalina. Instead of
the simple leaves of the Santa Catalina tree, this has pinnately
compound leaves, each leaflet similar to the simple leaves of the
Santa Catalina tree. Dr. Greene named this Lyonothamnus
asplenifolius from the resemblance to the fronds of Asplenium.
However, similar leaves are occasionally found also on the tree
of Santa Catalina Island, so now it is considered as a variety
only. It is found also on Santa Rosa and San Clemente islands.

Dr. E. L. Greene spent some time on this island in July, 1886,
as a guest of the owner, Justinian Caire of San Francisco. In
his account which was published in the second volume of the
Bulletin of the California Academy of Sciences, he describes the
island and puts forth the botanical problems which it suggests.
I am drawing largely from his fine description. From the harbor
the island presents a delightful woodsy aspect. Pines rise on
the slopes amid which shrubs flourish. One of the most interest-
ing shrubs is Comarostaphylos diversifolia. This genus, founded
on a Mexican plant, has characteristics of Arbutus and Arcto-
staphylos and is very different from the typical Californian
manzanitas. When I was on Santa Cruz Island, the bushes were
loaded with red berries and the color could be seen from the sea,
more conspicuous than the green foliage.

The only pine on the island was originally considered to be
Pinus insignis var. binata, named from trees on Guadalupe
Island. As it has been found as a fossil in the early Pleistocene
sediments on Santa Cruz Island and in the asphalt beds of
Carpenteria, California, Dr. Mason named it Pinus remorata

34 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 2

(Madrofio, 1930). Three groves occur on Santa Cruz Island,
one of the largest facing the harbor. The pine is very close to,
if not identical with, Pinus muricata, originally collected in San
Luis Obispo County, but also common in many coastal areas to
the north. From the northern summits, a deep and fertile valley
spreads below, where the fields and vineyards, the cottages and
barns of the various ranches of the Caires are situated. In the
western part of the valley a never-failing stream flows down a
broad and beautiful canyon to Prisoners Harbor. Dr. Greene
especially mentions the trees, Acer macrophyllum, Quercus agri-
folia, Populus trichocarpa, Salix levigata, Prunus Lyom, and
the fern-leaved Lyonothamnus. Dr. Greene’s collecting was
limited to the western part of the island. He collected 321 spe-
cies and described more than 20 as new. Later, he added other
species after more study.

In the early spring of 1887 or 1888, Mr. T. S. Brandegee
visited Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa islands. He published a list
of the species collected on Santa Cruz and an account of Santa
Rosa with a list of species in the Proceedings of the California
Academy of Sciences, October, 1888. His additions to Dr.
Greene’s list numbered about 80.

Mr. Ralph Hoffmann, Director of the Santa Barbara Museum
of Natural History, who lost his life in 1932 while exploring
San Miguel Island, probably knew the natural history of the
island as no one else. He was an authority on birds. His interest
in plants was later. His collections are in the Herbarium of the
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. It is unfortunate
that he did not live to finish his work on these islands. He began
to publish the list of additions in the Bulletin of the Southern
California Academy of Sciences, vol. 31, pt. 2 (1932). From
his notes and lists, Dr. P. A. Munz completed the list in part 3
of the same volume, adding several species from a list of Ira D.
Clokey published in the Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. 30.

SANTA Rosa ISLAND

I have taken the description which follows from Rider’s
“California,” with some alterations. Santa Rosa Island lies
3 miles from San Miguel Island and is separated from Santa
Cruz Island by a 5-mile channel. Rider likens it to a giant ray
measuring 15 miles across the fins from east to west and 10 miles

APRIL, 1941] ISLANDS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 35

from head to tail. The highest peak has an elevation of 1562 ft.
and rises near the center of the island. The shores are high pre-
cipitous bluffs with many small bays but no good harbors. Many
large caves penetrate the bluffs. At Sandy Point, there are sand-
dunes 400 ft. high. The canyons contain water and in them and
on the sheltered slopes the trees and other vegetation flourish.
It has less protection from wind than Santa Cruz Island and
that may account for fewer species. However, it has been less
explored. The whole island is a great sheep ranch of 45,000
acres,

The first botanical collection was made by Mr. T. S. Bran-
degee, who visited it on the same trip as that to Santa Cruz. In
the Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 1888,
he gave a description of the island, comparing the flora with that
of the other islands and the mainland. Among the 100 species
that he listed, 36 were insular and had been named as species
from Santa Cruz and San Miguel islands by Dr. Greene. There
were also many cosmopolitan species, mostly weeds.

Mr. Ralph Hoffmann made several trips to this island, and, in
the lists published in the Proceedings of the Southern California
Academy of Sciences (vol. 31,—1932), added 48 grasses and
sedges, 5 ferns, and 35 miscellaneous.

There are two species of pines on Santa Rosa Island, Pinus
remorata, the Santa Cruz Island Pine, and Pinus Torreyana,
which is found also on the mainland near San Diego. It is re-
markable that this pine should be found only in these widely
separated parts of California, and suggests that, like P. remorata,
it belongs to a previous geologic age.

San MIGuEL IsLAND

San Miguel Island is the most western and northern of all
the islands of the archipelago. It is a small island 7 1/7 miles
long and 2 miles wide. It does not have the protection of Pt.
Conception as do the other Santa Barbara Islands, but receives
the full force of the northwest winds and appears to be blowing
away. The great sand-dunes at the west end are continually
increasing, drifting over the island, destroying whatever vege-
tation may once have flourished or still persists.

According to Dr. E. L. Greene, who was the first to make a
botanical collection on the island late in August, 1886, it is of

36 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. 2

the nature of a tableland, its shores rising abruptly to a height
of 200 to 300 ft. elevation. The mound-like peaks near the
center of the island have an elevation of 850 to 861 ft. Cuyler
Harbor, where Cabrillo landed, is the most sheltered harbor on
the southern coast, though navigation is dangerous owing to the
many low reefs, the fogs, and the winds. Dr. Greene found only
three shrubby species, Heteromeles arbutifolia, Lavatera assur-
gentiflora, and a few stunted specimens of Rhus integrifolia.
These shrubs were all apparently verging to extinction. Dr.
Greene collected 121 phanerogams, 7 of which he described as
new. No ferns were found.

Mr. Ralph Hoffmann began to collect on the islands in 1925
and added many species to former lists. On San Miguel, he
collected 74 not listed by Dr. Greene. Among these were 18 spe-
cies of grasses, all cosmopolitan except Poa Douglasu. The
common small rush, Juncus bufonius, was the only other ad-
dition to the monocotyledons.

MY VISILES TO GUADALUPE ISEAND

BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL ,

I have made two short visits to Guadalupe Island off the coast
of Lower California, both with Mr. Templeton Crocker on his
yacht Zaca. My first visit was in November, 1931, when I spent
two days ashore near the north end of the island and one day
at the south end inland from Melpomene Cove; the second visit
was in March, 1932, when the Templeton Crocker Expedition
of the California Academy of Sciences stopped at the island for
three days en route to the Revillagigedo Islands and the Gala-
pagos Islands. Since even after nine years no complete account
of these visits has been given, I am taking this opportunity to
record some of my observations made at that time and later plan
a list of the vascular plants which I collected.

Guadalupe Island is composed of volcanic rocks and lies
about 135 miles west of the coast of Lower California, a little
above the middle of the peninsula. In outline, resembling an
elongate mis-shapen Indian arrowhead with nearly a north-south
axis, about 20 miles long and up to 7 miles wide, the island rises

APRIL, 1941] | MY VISITS TO GUADALUPE ISLAND 37

from oceanic depths as a colossal peak, of which only the upper
fourth is above water. Its shores rise precipitously at nearly all
points directly from the sea: near the north end rising to the
highest peak of 4500 ft., but at the south end to only 1000 ft. or
less. Deep, steep canyons cut back into the island, and here and
there along the shore are smaller or larger beaches which are
usually awash at high tide, the home of the grotesque Northern
Elephant Seal. The elevated ridges at the north end of the island
penetrate a higher, moisture-laden stratum of air, and it is there
that the trees of the island, the pine, cypress, and oak, are found.
The lower southern part is a desert where the sparse vegetation
nowhere conceals the raw vestiges of recent volcanic activity.

Thousands of goats, introduced many years ago in a com-
mercial goat-raising project, roam over the island seeking all
plant life that they may devour. Because of their ravages, many
of the rare plants endemic to the island have been exterminated
and it is only a matter of time until the trees disappear too, since
they are unable to reproduce. It would seem that the goats have
been most destructive on the northern part of the island; from
observations I made I judged that they rarely go into the extreme
desert at the south end and that there the vegetation may be
much less affected.

On my first excursion ashore on November 14, I hoped to
climb to the cypress grove high on the top of Mt. Augusta, more
than 4000 ft. above sea-level ; but immediately I was delayed by
liverworts, which proved an irresistible attraction (see D. Sut-
liffe, ““Hepaticae of Guadalupe Island,” Bryologist 35:41), and
by noon I was lunching in a small cluster of oaks at the head of
the rocky canyon above the barracks. I returned later to the
Zaca without reaching the cypresses to find that Mr. Crocker
had brought aboard some delectable botanical booty, found in
steep-walled coves along the shore, inaccessible to the ravaging
goats.

The next day I climbed to the pines which grow on the narrow
top of the high northernmost ridge of the island. To the west
of this ridge, which is a veritable hogback in places, a precipice
drops to the surf-bordered blue of the Pacific. Pines contorted
in trunk and wind-blown in crown cling tenaciously to the rocky
wall, framing charming vistas of cliff and sea. Down the steep

38 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 2

slope they grow, together with the island oak, to meet the island
palm, Erythea edulis (Wendl.) Wats., which marches singly
and in small groves up the slopes from the strand. Where else
in nature do palm and pine meet to frame such a delightful
prospect ?

The enjoyment of this inspiring scene and the study of the
pines was abruptly terminated by a torrential downpour which
seemed to envelop the entire northern end of the island. After
it had abated we began our slippery descent to the Zaca. Streams
of muddy water poured down the gullies, and from the cliffs
across the canyon from us a half-dozen waterfalls leapt into the
air to mingle below with the muddy torrent in the canyon bottom.
Nowhere had the ravaging goats left enough vegetation to hold
soil and rocks, and the roar that filled the air was the dull roar
of rocks and mud being dragged down to the sea.

The third day, November 16, I went ashore at Melpomene
Cove at the south end of the island. Here precipitous bluffs of
stratified beds of ash, lava, and lithified mud are capped by a
lava flow. The rocks are light colored and are in marked con-
trast to the dark and more massive volcanic rocks of the northern
part of the island. Inland from the cove is a volcanic tableland
bounded by ashy ridges and cinder-cones and everywhere is the
facies of an extreme desert. Apparently it had not even sprinkled
in this parched land although only the day before there had been
such a torrential downpour at higher elevations a few miles to
the north. It was a region without trees, the most abundant and
noticeable vegetation being low scraggly bushes of Atriplex
Palmeri, thickets of Lycium californicum, and hemispherical
mounds of Hemizonia Greeneana.

Four months later, on March 16, 1932, I again found myself
beneath the forbidding dark brown and gray cliffs and ridges
of Guadalupe Island’s Northeast Anchorage. Intrigued by the
problem of insular variations noted in the pines on the island,
I again climbed to the pine grove. Small herbs, such as grasses,
clovers, and filaree, were abundant among the rocks on the steep
slope of the ridge, and the grove itself was especially attractive
with its smooth undercover of green grass which was kept well
mowed by the goats. The appearance was that of a carefully
tended park. Alas! the goats were tending it only too carefully!

APRIL, 1941 | MY VISITS TO GUADALUPE ISLAND 39

The day following, accompanied by Jack Ratikan, able sea-
man of the Zaca, I began a two-day traverse of the island from
the Northeast Anchorage near the north end to Melpomene Cove
at the south end. It was a grand adventure and it proved very
profitable botanically because I found not only a number of the
rare island endemics but also a number of plants not reported
before from the island. Each of us carried his own bed-roll,
Jack carried water and food, and I was loaded with plant-press,
camera, and other paraphernalia. Most of the first day was
spent attaining the 4000-foot summit of Mt. Augusta and the
grove of Guadalupe Cypress. It was a long climb, first up the
rocky canyon and steep slopes above the barracks, then over
basaltic escarpments and terraces to the crest of the island. The
cypress grove presented an extensiveness for which I was not
prepared. The fringe of trees along the skyline as viewed from
the Northeast Anchorage proved to be only the eastern edge of
a fine and beautiful grove which grows on an undulating mesa
with a gentle slope to the west. The grove at its northern end
thins out to a narrow scattered growth, but a mile farther south
it is broad, perhaps a mile wide, and encloses grassy meadows
with attractive park-like vistas. For about two miles it extends
thus along the summit plateau, at the south edge ending rather
abruptly where the plateau drops off into the somewhat lower,
middle stretches of the island.

We camped for the night near the southern limit of the
cypresses where there was an abundance of dry wood and where
we were able to obtain water for tea from pot-holes in the bed
of a small stream. Little or no water flowed in the numerous
shallow brook channels which extended westward across the
cypress grove, their water-carrying being limited to periods of
rainfall. From our camp we looked out over the billowy top of
a high fog which was perhaps 2000 ft. below us and which
extended as far as the eye could see. A north wind blew, a wind
which had been violent at lower elevations, but was more moder-
ate and warmer at the top of the island. Darkness fell rapidly
after sunset and there was a wonderful golden afterglow; and
overhead the night was perfectly clear. An ambition was being
realized: I was sleeping out in the only grove of Guadalupe
Cypress in the world!

40 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VoL. III, NO. 2

At 5:20 the following morning (March 18), we were up
just as dawn began to dim the stars and by 6:30 we were off for
the south end of the island. Immediately after leaving the
cypress grove, which ended abruptly with the lava plateau, we
descended to the middle stretches of the island which is punctu-
ated with numerous cinder cones. Everywhere the ground was
covered by loose rocks about the size and shape of a baseball
and walking was' very difficult and very tiring. About 1.5 or 2
miles south of the cypresses we came to a ghost grove which I
took to be what was left of the California Juniper (Juniperus
californica) reported by Palmer as “all over the middle of the
island...” (Proc. Amer. Acad. 11:119) and by Greene as
on the verge of extinction (Bull Calif. Acad. Sci. 1:217). Ap-
parently the species is now extinct on the island although it once
extended for several miles as evidenced by the dead remains.
Soon the dead remains of another plant appeared (Franseria
camphorata), but as we advanced a few live stumps were seen
and still farther south we found shrubs a foot or two tall. This
seemed to indicate that the ravages of the goats decrease as one
passes from the middle of the island southward. Whereas
several large herds of goats were seen in the northern part of
the island, only a few individuals (6 or 8) were counted in the
valley at the south end above Melpomene Cove.

The day was very hot and all the water we had was what we
carried. We crossed broad transverse valleys and we skirted
others which descended to the coast, but all the time we remained
high above the coast in the middle of the island ; and everywhere
the ground was covered by the rocks that were too small to walk
on and too numerous to step between. By noon we reached the
peak above Jacks Bay, the highest point in the southern part of
the island. Just beyond it we had our first glimpse of Melpomene
Cove still far to the south of us and below us, and we hastened
on toward the ashy ridges and cinder cones which J had explored
the preceding November. In the late afternoon, we were met
by men from the Zaca who came inland to look for us and they
relieved us of excessive impedimenta for the last lap of our
tramp. I still paused here and there to collect, but by 5 o’clock
I was again aboard the Zaca. On the strenuous two-day trip
during which Jack Ratikan and I had climbed over a 4000-foot

APRIL, 1941] LUPIN US LATIFOLIUS AGGREGATE 41

mountain and traversed about 20 miles of intolerable terrain,
I had collected about sixty-five specimens of which twenty had
not before been reported from the island or had been known
from only a single collection.

THE LUPINUS LATIFOLIUS AGGREGATE
BY ALICE EASTWOOD

All of these have either been considered varieties of L. lati-
folius Agardh or identical with that species and those named as
varieties have not been listed in Index Kewensis. Since, after
all, the distinction is relative, it has seemed simpler to me in this
key to consider all as species. The group may be characterized
as follows: plants widely branching above; leaflets generally
broadest near the top, generally glabrous above, finely pubescent
below; corolla with broad banner and wings; keel ciliate near
the base.

KEY TO THE SPECIES
Flowers 15—16 mm. long.

Stems stout and erect, with large, long-petioled basal leaves, pubes-

cence fine and appressed.......... L. Parishiu (C. P. Sm.) Eastw.

Stems decumbent at base, 3—4 dm. tall, villous with long spreading

Lei sal SARs Bie Me DUN Pea a ate ere L. Dudleyi (C. P. Sm.) Eastw.
Flowers 12 mm. long.

Leaves green on upper surface, paler on lower; raceme densely

OW CLEC sete Ban OAs Lb st AS, Poe ke L. Pennellianus Heller

Leaves green on both sides; racemes loosely flowered.
Pubescence fine and appressed....................-....- L. lasiotropis Greene
Pubescence fine but spreading............2200......-.-. L. cytisoides Agardh

Flowers 10 mm. long.
Leaves green on both sides, pubescence fine and appressed, leaflets
ONLUSELatia PES ere ene oe ead L. latifolius Agardh
Leaves green on upper side, paler below, sometimes finely appressed-
pubescent above, denser below, leaflets acute or acuminate
oie ae Ao eee ete 8 Ne a es oe L. columbianus Heller
Flowers less than 10 mm. long; leaves green on both sides..................-..-
OTE Ae NE is a 1B eS A IO a L. viridifolius Heller

Lupinus ParisHit Eastwood. This species has been dis-
cussed in LEAFLETS OF WESTERN Botany, 2:181. It is the
largest-flowered perennial lupine in the Sierra Nevada, growing
in wet places, distinguished by the large long-petioled basal leaves
and the keel ciliate near the base.

42 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 2

Lupinus Dudleyi (C. P. Sm.) Eastwood, comb. nov. L. lati-
folius var. Dudleyi C. P. Sm. in Jepson Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 530
(1925). Apparently this is a local species, so far found only on
Mt. Montara, San Mateo County, California, where it was col-
lected by Dr. William R. Dudley.

Lupinus Pennellianus Heller, spec. nov. Robustus, circa 1 m. altus,
supra ramosus brevibus ramulis, puberulus; foliolis circa 7, oblongo-
oblanceolatis, exigue aristatis, 5—6 cm. longis, 1—2 cm. latis, supra glabris,
infra pallidis et adpresse pubescentibus; petiolis tenuissimis, longioribus
foliolis ; stipulis disjunctis, subulatis, infimis 1 cm. longis, villosis ; racemis
dense floriferis, superantibus folia, longioribus pedunculis; bracteis de-
ciduis; pedicellis 3 mm. longis; floribus 12 mm. longis, violaceis, vexillo
et alis separatim 5 mm.; calycis superiore labio basi saccato, 6 mm. longo,
ovato, acuminato, breviter 2-dentato, labio inferiore 5 mm. longo, lanceo-
lato, obtuso; vexillo basi saccato, suborbiculari, prope 1 cm. lato, apice
conjuncto; alis 12 mm. longis, 7 mm. latis, 1—2 mm. longioribus vexillo ;
carina curvata attenuata exserta, ciliata basi; legumine ignoto.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 281632, collected June 5,
1940, from a large colony growing on a roadside bank on the
edge of the forest in granitic soil along the Feather River High-
way between Pulga and Arch Rock Tunnel, Butte County, Cali-
fornia, Heller No. 15705. “Dr. Francis W. Pennell, his wife,
and son accompanied me on the trip when it was collected. It
gives me pleasure to commemorate Dr. Pennell’s services to
taxonomy by naming this beautiful lupine in his honor.”

Lupinus lasiotropis Greene, spec. nov. in herb. Elatus, ramosus divari-
cate, leviter adpresse pubescens ; foliolis circa 7, oblanceolatis, 4 cm. longis,
1—1.5 cm. latis, acutis et exigue aristatis, viridibus, supra glabris, infra
adpresso-pubescentibus ; racemis circa 2.5 dm. longis, laxe floriferis, super-
antibus folia; bracteis filiformibus, superantibus gemmas, deciduis; pedi-
cellis filiformibus, divaricatis, circa 8 mm. longis; pedunculis abditis follis ;
floribus 12 mm. longis, purpureis, brunneis in senectute ; calyce basi 4 mm.
lato, adpresso-pubescente, labio superiore ovato, basi saccato, 5 mm. longo,
bidentato, labio inferiore 6 mm. longo, lanceolato, obtuso, vexillo et alis
separatim 2 mm., vexillo suborbiculari, circa 12 mm. lato, basi saccato,

paulum breviore alis; alis 12 mm. longis, 6 min. latis; carina curvata, apice
acuta, ad basin ciliata.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 62852. This is No. 470
of C. F. Baker’s distribution and was collected by him at Crystal
Springs Lake, San Mateo County, California. “Small colonies
frequent along banks, especially in shady places, the plants 2—3
feet in height. One of the largest, finest lupines of this region.

APRIL, 1941] USE OF PLANTS FOR FISH-POISONING 43

Also not uncommon near Stanford University.” “Long known
to me, never described.” (E. L. Greene.)

This differs from typical L. latifolius Agardh most notice-
ably in the larger flowers and more pointed leaflets, and from
L. cytisoides Agardh in the different pubescence. Specimens
from Monterey where Douglas probably collected L. latifolius
have been used for comparison.

Lupinus cyTisoipes Agardh. Specimens collected by the
author in Mission Canyon, Santa Barbara, seem to fit the de-
scription of this species. The flowers are larger than those of
L. latifolius Agardh of which it has been made a synonym. The
fine short hairs of the pubescence are spreading rather than
appressed as in L. latifolius and altogether it is more hairy.

Lupinus LATIFoLIus Agardh. This was probably collected
at or near Monterey by Douglas. Several specimens from there
agree with the photograph and description of the type. It is also
common in other places. The purplish flowers soon turn a tawny
brown on the long racemes.

LuPINUS COLUMBIANUS Heller. This lupine grows at lower
elevations in the Mt. Hood region, Oregon. It extends into
Washington and the Siskiyou Mts. in northern California.

Lupinus viripiroLius Heller. This is common at lower
elevations in the mountains of northern California and is readily
distinguished by its vivid green leaves and small purplish flowers.

THE USE OF PLANTS FOR FISH-POISONING BY
THE CALIFORNIA INDIANS

BY ROBERT F, HEIZER
University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon

Within the present territorial boundaries of the State of
California in aboriginal times were a series of Indian tribes
who employed crushed plant materials to secure fish. The usual
method was to crush or macerate the plant stalks, leaves, or
roots, and to throw them into the water. The action of the plant
juices had a narcotic or stupefying effect upon the fish, and they
soon floated to the surface and were easily picked up. Smaller
fish usually were killed outright, but larger ones might be less
affected and could then be easily harpooned as they swam about
sluggishly,

44 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. 2

Two plants were favored most widely, Turkey Mullein
(Eremocarpus setigerus Benth.) and Soaproot (Chlorogalum
pomeridianum Kunth). Plants of Turkey Mullein are crushed
into a pulp and thrown into a slow-moving stream or pool by the
following tribes :1 Yokuts (southern San Joaquin Valley), Mono,
Pomo (vicinity of Clear Lake), Maidu, Wappo (Napa Valley),
and Nisenan. Roots of the Soaproot are used in a similar
manner by the Sinkyone (upper Mattole River), Chilula, Wiyot,
Nongatl, Yuki, Mattole, Yana, Wintu, Pomo, Valley Maidu,
Foothill Nisenan, Miwok, and Yokuts. Seeds of Buckeye,
Atsculus californica (Spach) Nutt. are hulled, pounded, and
either thrown into the water directly, or soused up and down in
the pool in an open-work basket. The tribes known to have used
these seeds for fish-stupefying include the Pomo, Coast Miwok,
Nisenan, Miwok, and Yokuts. Other plants used by various
tribes are as follows: Wild Parsnip, Sinkyone tribe; Pepper-
wood or Bay (Umbellularia californica Nutt.), Southern Miwok ;
Horehound (Lycopus sp.), Maidu; Manroot (Echinocystis
fabacea Naud. or EF. oregana Cogn.), Pomo; Slim Solomon
(Smilacina sessilifolia Nutt.), Owens Valley Paiute ; Leptotenia
multifida Nutt., Washo of Lake Tahoe; Trichostema lanceolatum
Gray, Nomlaki and Maidu.

A comparison of the actual distribution of botanical species
(from Jepson’s Manual of Flowering Plants ... ) with the
distribution of the ethnographic or cultural use of individual
plant species clearly indicates that there is a differential of natural
occurrence and cultural utilization. The implication is of possible
general significance, particularly in view of parallel examples,
in demonstrating that the efficient utilization of the external
environment depends upon “cultural recognition” of the utili-
tarian possibilities in the plants which nature offers. Merrill?
shows by a series of maps that the actual botanical distribution
of plants used for basketry by the California Indians is con-
sistently wider than the areas of their utilization.

1 For the exact locations of these tribes, see A. L. Kroeber, Handbook

of the Indians of California, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 78,
Washington, 1925.

2 Merrill, R. E. Plants Used in Basketry by the California Indians,
Univ. of Calif. Publ. in Amer. Arch. and Ethnol. 20:215—242 (1923). List
St cas of seventy-eight plant species representing thirty-six plant
amilies.

APRIL, 1941 | A NOTE ON HALOGETON 45

A NOTE ON HALOGETON?

BY C. V. MORTON
Washington, D. C.

A new weed of the family Chenopodiacee has recently been
introduced into the United States, and from present indications
may possibly become a pest like its relative Salsola. It was first
reported by Dr. Paul C. Standley? under the name Halogeton
sativus (L.) C. A. Mey, the identification being by Dr. Paul
Aellen. The original specimens were collected at Wells, Elko
County, Nevada, in August, 1935, by Mr. Ben Stahmann.

Recently Dr, Bassett Maguire has sent two additional col-
lections of the same species, one collected at Bull Canyon, Elk
Mountains, Humboldt National Forest, Elko County, Nevada,
June 11, 1939, Maguire No. 17043, the other at Wells, Nevada,
September 29, 1938, by Howard Passey. Dr. Raymond Fosberg
has also shown the author two specimens, one collected at the
junction of the Ruby Valley-Ely Highway, at Warm Springs
Ranch, Elko County, Nevada, 6000 feet elevation, September 10,
1937, Train No. 960, and one 10 miles north of Deeth, Elko
County, Nevada, July 30, 1937, Train No. 557.

There are some questions of nomenclature which need to be
discussed. The author of the combination Halogeton sativus is
not C. A. Meyer, as given by Standley. Meyer (in Ledebour,
Flora Altaica 1: 378,—1829) merely referred Salsola sativa L.
to the genus Halogeton with doubt, and did not make a combi-
nation. The binary name was first published by Moquin-Tandon
in his “Chenopodearum Monographica Enumeratio,” p. 158
(1840). Dr. J. F. Macbride has shown, however, that Salsola
sativa L. (1762) is antedated by Salsola Souda Loefl. (Iter His-
panicum 132,—1758), and has made the combination Halogeton
Souda (Loefl.) Macbr. (Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 53:13,—
1918).

Halogeton Souda is a native of Algeria and Spain. The
author has examined a good specimen with both flowers and
fruits from Biskra, Algeria, collected by Professor L. Chevallier.
The plants introduced into Nevada do not agree with this, but
do agree exactly with specimens of H. glomeratus (M. Bieb.)

. a Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Insti-
ution.
2 Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 17:240 (1937).

46 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. 2

C. A. Mey. from the Altai Mountains, Siberia, collected by
Bunge, and from Songaria, Siberia, collected by Schrenk. The
species, the type of the genus, differs from H. Souda in having
3, rather than 5 stamens, and in the smaller, more nearly equal
wings of the fruiting perianth. The proper name and citation
for the plant introduced into the United States is as follows:

HALOGETON GLOMERATUS (M. Bieb.) C. A. Mey. in Lede-
bour, Fl. Altaica 1: 378 (1829) ; Ledebour, Icon. Pl. Nov. FI.
Ross. 1: pl. 40 (1829). Anabasis glomerata M. Bieb. in Mem.

Soc. Nat. Moscou 1:110 (1808). U. S. National Museum

Washington, D. C.

NOTES ON THE EASTWOOD BLACKBERRY
BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

In 1905, as now, it was a custom that visitors to the Academy’s
Department of Botany should be guests on a field excursion to
Mt. Tamalpais in Marin County, in order to see at first-hand
one of California’s outstanding botanical districts. So it is not
surprising that on June 15 of that year Miss Eastwood had as
her guest on an excursion to the mountain, Dr. P. A. Rydberg
of the New York Botanical Garden; and it is also quite under-
standable that he should show his appreciation by naming a
peculiar blackberry he discovered during the course of the day,
Rubus Eastwoodianus. Since even now, after thirty-six years,
very little is known about the field occurrence and taxonomic
status of this blackberry, I am presenting herewith what I have
learned about it since I rediscovered it on Mt. Tamalpais.

According to Miss Eastwood, she and Dr. Rydberg went from
Mill Valley as far as Rock Spring at the west end of the moun-
tain, where they had lunch. Since she had a field excursion to
Muir Woods in the afternoon with the California Botanical Club,
she returned to Mill Valley to meet the club, leaving Dr. Rydberg
to botanize and to return later. Hence, it can be reasonably
inferred that it was some place on the south side of Mt. Tamal-
pais between Mill Valley and Rock Spring where Rydberg col-
lected the Eastwood Blackberry. It is there I have searched for
a blackberry that is nearly glabrous throughout, even to the fruit.

Blackberries are not uncommon on the south side of Mt.
Tamalpais, usually growing on partly shaded slopes in the can-

APRIL, 1941] | NOTES ON EASTWOOD BLACKBERRY 47

yons or in exposed sunny places on the edge of the chaparral.
Such plants are variable in appearance and character, but none
of them was seen with subglabrous stems and leaves and all have
hairy fruits. In only two places on the south side of Mt. Tamal-
pais have I found plants which agree in matters of vesture with
Rydberg’s original description. These are plants growing near
springs in thickets of Western Azalea (Rhododendron occiden-
tale) at Azalea Flat on the Matt Davis Trail and near Bootjack.
Although the leaves of the plants that have been studied and
collected at these two places do not entirely agree with the leaves
of Rubus Eastwoodianus as described by Rydberg or as shown
by photographs of the original specimens collected by Rydberg,
I believe these plants are definitely the Eastwood Blackberry.
In fact it seems quite probable that the locality where the plant
was originally collected is in the vicinity of Bootjack, a locality
less than a mile from Rock Spring, where Miss Eastwood and
Dr. Rydberg lunched.

Rubus Eastwoodianus is not the only peculiar plant found
in the springy places at Bootjack and Azalea Flat, for at both
places there are other plants that are either generally rare or
that are rare and unusual as they occur on Mt. Tamalpais. The
wet sloping meadow at Bootjack is the type locality of Zigadenus
fontanus Eastwood and probably the type locality of Cirsium
montigenum Petrak, both of which are species restricted to the
Tamalpais region or extending but little beyond it. In both
places are shrubby plants of the California Wax-myrtle (Myrica
californica) as well as Western Azalea, and in both are such
herbs as Carex debiliformis, Parnassia californica, and Hyperi-
cum anagalloides. At Azalea Flat there are also such notable
species as Panicum pacificum, Eleocharis rostellata, Carex ablata,
Juncus Bolanderi, Sisyrinchium californicum, Horkelia tenui-
loba, and Cicuta californica; and at Bootjack Brodiea peduncu-
laris and Stachys pycnantha have been found. So, it will be
seen that on Mt. Tamalpais the Eastwood Blackberry is a part
of a unique plant association; and it may be surmised that the
peculiar factors, climatic, edaphic, and geologic, that have con-
ditioned this association have perhaps also been the selective
factors by which this distinctive plant has been segregated from
the variable complex of Californian blackberries.

48 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. 2

A NEW NAME FOR HETEROCODON
RARIFLORUM NUTT.

BY ROGERS MC VAUGH
Washington, D. C.

The campanulaceous genus Heterocodon Nutt. (Trans.
Amer. Phil. Soc. n. s. 8:255,—1843), comprises a single species,
H. rariflorum Nutt., /. c., a native of the northwestern United
States and southwestern Canada. The genus is closely related
to Specularia Heist. ex Fabric. and is, indeed, inseparable from
that group except by the following character:

In Specularia the capsule is dehiscent by well-defined lateral
valves, these formed by the curling from base toward apex of a
small portion of the capsule wall. The opening thus formed in
the wall is usually symmetrical, ellipsoid or oval, with smooth
and sharply defined margins.

In Heterocodon the dehiscence of the capsule is exactly as
described above except that the valve is less well-differentiated,
curling of the valve is less in extent, and the capsule wall is
ruptured irregularly. The resultant opening is thus not smooth
and symmetrical, but has jagged edges and is partly closed by
the persistent and partially upcurved “lid” of the valve.

A character of the sort described above does not seem to the
writer to be of generic value, especially since Specularia includes
a considerable number of species which have the following
characters in common with Heterocodon rariflorum: 1. annual
duration ; 2. sessile leaves and flowers, the latter in small clusters
in the axils; 3. flowers of two sorts, the earlier with undeveloped
corolla and 3 or 4 calyx-lobes, the later complete, with 5 calyx-
lobes.

It seems best, therefore, to regard the species previously called
Heterocodon rariflorum Nutt. as a member of the widely dis-
tributed and well-marked (for the Campanulacee) genus Specu-
laria. The species in question may be designated as Specularia
rariflora (Nutt.) McVaugh, comb. nov.

Division of Plant Exploration and Introduction,

Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C.

Vor. III No. 3

LEAFLETS

of
WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS

PAGE

Interesting Western Plantt—V . . . . . . . 49
Puitie A. Munz

meri vamnes in iVientzelia. ct. ee a ee OS

GeEorGE J. GOODMAN

The Islands of Southern California and a List of the Recorded
OT ga OTE TS UE > aoa a URE IE vcr Ui

ALIcE EAstwoop

Mee Denes toe Moa litaritia. ci Pie cd WEAN ed hal oe eee ae
JoHn THomas Howe

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
Jury 17, 1941

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the
native flora of western North America, appearing about four
times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single
numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco,
California.

Cited as

LEAFL. WEsT. Bor.

EAL MUM UU UC A

pivuaovayonajavagavnagovegynna seed eeng ong eager ty

Owned and published by

A.icEe EAstwoop and JoHN THomAS HowELL

JULY, 1941] INTERESTING WESTERN PLANTS 49

INTERESTING WESTERN PLANTS—V*

BY PHILIP A. MUNZ
Pomona College, Claremont, California

Astragalus Jaegerianus Munz, spec. nov. Planta perennis, diffusa;
ramis decumbentibus aut ascendentibus, flexuosis, 3—5 dm. longis ; caulibus
teretibus, striatis, 2—2.5 mm. crassis, strigosis, cum ramulis cinereo-strigosis
ascendentibus, 1—1.5 dm. longis; foliis 3—7 cm. longis; stipulis lanceolato-
deltoideis, 1—4 mm. longis; foliolis 7 ad 13, sublinearibus aut lineari-
ellipticis, 5—25 (vel 30) mm. longis, 0.5—2 (vel 3) mm. latis, subcinereis ;
pedunculis 3.5—6 cm. longis; racemis 2—6 cm. longis, floribus 5 ad 11,
bracteis lanceolatis, 1 mm. longis; calycibus nigro-strigosis, tubo 2.5—3
mm. longo, dentibus subulatis, 2 mm. longis; corollis roseis vel ochroleucis,
9 mm. longis; vexillis 8 mm. latis; alis 8 mm. longis, 2.5 mm. latis; carinis
6 mm. longis; capsulis siccis duris, pendulis, rectis, glabris, compresso-
teretibus, 2—2.5 cm. longis, 3—3.5 mm. latis, 2.5 mm. crassis, subreticulatis,
stipitatis (3—4 mm.), fere 2-loculosis.

Perennial, somewhat woody at base, with decumbent and often zigzag
branches at least 3—5 dm. long or more, usually growing up through low
bushes; main stems terete, striate, 1.5—2.5 mm. thick, strigose, the inter-
nodes 2—5 (or 7) cm. long, branches ascending, 1—1.5 dm. long, slender,
cinereous-strigose, with internodes 1.5—2.5 cm. long ; leaves 3—7 cm. long ;
stipules lance-deltoid, 1—4 mm. long, with some black hairs ; leaflets 7 to 13,
linear to linear-elliptic, 5—25 (or 30) mm. long, 0.5—2 (or 3) mm. wide,
subcinereous-strigose ; peduncles 3.5—4.5 (or 6) cm. long, racemes 2—6
cm. long, flowers 5 to 11, bracts lanceolate, about 1 mm. long; calyx black-
strigose, the tube 2.5—3 mm. long, the teeth subulate, 2 mm. long; corolla
ochroleucous or purple- to violet-rose with deeper veining and becoming
ochroleucous in age, about 9 mm. long; banner 9 mm. long, 8 mm. wide,
suborbicular in terminal portion, slightly emarginate; wings about 8 mm.
long, 2.5 mm. wide, subacute, the claw 3 mm. long ; keel 6 mm. long, 2.5 mm.
wide, blunt; pod mottled and fleshy when fresh, rather hard when dry,
pendant, straight, glabrous, subterete and shining when fresh, somewhat
compressed and coarse-reticulate when dry, 2—2.5 cm. long, 3—3.5 mm.
wide, about 2.5 mm. thick, abruptly acute at apex, gradually attenuate at
base into a stipe 3—4 mm. long, upper suture forming a low flat ridge, the
lower somewhat the same but less conspicuous, the septum quite reaching
the upper suture but not the apex of the pod; seeds several.

Type from 2 miles south of Jay Mine, about 12 miles south
of Goldstone and 30 miles northeast of Yermo, Mohave Desert,
San Bernardino Co., California, April 26, 1941, at about 3000
ft., Munz No. 16580, Pomona College Herbarium No. 258775;
isotypes will be deposited in several herbaria. First collected by

* Unless otherwise indicated, the plant specimens cited in this paper are
in the Herbarium of Pomona College.

Leafl. West. Bot., Vol. III, pp. 49-80, July 17, 1941.

LIBRARY
NEW YORK
BOTANIC

GAR Di.

50 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. III, NO. 3

E. C. Jaeger at about the same place, April 16, 1939; another
collection is Munz No. 16581 from 15 miles north of Barstow
on the road to Superior Dry Lake. So far as I can determine,
the proposed species runs in Rydberg’s treatment in the North
American Flora (24: 399,—1939) to the genus Brachyphragma
and seems nearest to Astragalus pachypus Greene in its com-
pressed, stipitate, almost 2-celled pod, but differs in its glabrous,
more narrow, straight pod, smaller leaflets and flowers, and more
intricately branched and decumbent habit.

Astragalus Marcusjonesii Munz, nom. nov. Astragalus
amphioxys x Laynee Jones, Rev. Astrag., 215 (1923); Xy-
lophacos melanocalyx Rydb., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 52:149
(1925), not Astragalus melanocalyx Boiss., Nouv. Mém. Soc.
Nat. Hist. Mosc. 12:59 (1860). Study of a considerable series
of specimens from Utah, Nevada, and Arizona convinces me of
the specific validity of Rydberg’s Xylophacos melanocalyx with
its black-hairy calyx and straighter pod than in Astragalus ampl-
oxys which has a white-hairy calyx. Rydberg’s type was Jones
No. 5009 from Copper Mine, southwestern Utah. Since the
name melanocalyx has already been used in Astragalus, I pro-
pose the appellation Marcusjonesii in honor of a long-time stu-
dent of this genus. I refer here two Californian collections, both
from San Bernardino Co.: 10 miles north of Kessler Springs,
eastern Mohave Desert, at 4000 ft., May 5, 1935, Munz No.
13750; and west side of Ivanpah Mts., May 11, 1940, E. C.
Jaeger.

AstrAGALuS Wooton! Sheldon, Minn. Bot. Studies 1: 138
(1894). A. triflorus (DC.) Gray, 1853, not Phaca triflora DC.,
1802 ; A. playanus Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 8:6 (1898) ; A. triflorus
var. playanus Jones, Rey. Astrag., 106 (1923). Reported by
Rydberg (No. Amer. FI. 24: 350,—1929) as from Arizona to
Texas and Mexico. Collected at Goffs, eastern Mohave Desert,
San Bernardino Co., California, Apr. 7, 1940, Munz No. 16336.

ASTRAGALUS SERENOI Sheldon, Minn. Bot. Studies 1:130
(1894). Previously reported from western Nevada and White
Mts., California (Jepson, Fl. Calif. 2: 363,—1936). Has re-
cently been collected in Cottonwood Mts., Death Valley.

CEnothera cavernze Munz, spec. nov. Planta acaulescens, czspitosa ;
foliis lyrato-pinnatifidis, glanduloso-puberulentis pilosisque, 3—13 cm.
longis, 0.6—2.0 cm. latis; lobis lateralibus apice rotundatis, lanceolato-

JULY, 1941] INTERESTING WESTERN PLANTS 51

oblongis aut ovato-oblongis; lobo terminali oblongo-ovato, 0.7—2.2 cm.
longo; petiolo alato; hypantio tenue, piloso et glanduloso-puberulento,
2.5—4 cm. longo; sepalis reflexis, lanceolatis, 5—9 mm. longis, 2.5—3 mm.
latis; petalis albis, late obovatis, 8—12 mm. longis; staminibus subzequali-
bus, 4—6 mm. longis ; stylo glabro, lobis stigmatis rectis, 2—3.5 mm. longis ;
capsula sessili, lignosa, lanceolato-ovoidea, 1.5—3 cm. longa, 0.6—1.0 cm.
crassa, tuberculato-costata ; seminibus multis, 2 mm. longis.

Acaulescent, cespitose, winter annual with fleshy, tapering taproot;
leaves in a rosette, regularly lyrate-pinnatifid into simple lobes or these
somewhat crenate-dentate, the leaves oblanceolate in outline, glandular-
puberulent, also pilose, with the longer non-glandular hairs with somewhat
pustulate bases and borne particularly on the margins and veins; leaves
3—13 cm. long, 0.6—2.0 cm. wide, sometimes somewhat reddish, the lateral
lobes rounded at the apex, lance-oblong to ovate-oblong, the smaller deltoid,
about 5 to 15 lobes on each side of the winged midrib, the terminal lobes
oblong-ovate, 0.7—2.2 cm. long, rounded at apex, the narrowly winged
petiole constituting about 1% the leaf-length; flowers nocturnal; hypan-
thium slender, whitish, coarsely and sparingly pilose and glandular-puberu-
lent, 2.5—4 cm. long; sepals reflexed in pairs at anthesis, pilose and
glandular-puberulent, green, lanceolate, acute, 5—9 mm. long, 2.5—3 mm.
wide ; petals white ; not much reddened in age, broadly obovate, 8—12 mm.
long, almost as wide; stamens subequal; the filaments whitish, flattened,
about half the length of the petals, anthers yellow, 2—4 mm. long; style
equalling the stamens, glabrous; stigma-lobes erect, 2—3.5 mm. long; cap-
sule sessile, woody, lance-ovoid, with some reddish tinge, 1.5—3 cm. long,
0.6—1.0 cm. thick, somewhat pilose, with 8 longitudinal strongly tubercu-
late ridges; seeds many, brown, about 2 mm. long, with deeply furrowed
raphe.

Type from high rocky limestone slope at Gypsum Cave,
Frenchman Mts., 18 miles east of Las Vegas, Clark Co., Nevada,
at 1500 ft. elevation, April 8, 1940, Munz No. 16376, Pomona
College Herbarium No. 255352; isotypes will be distributed to
a number of herbaria. First seen by me April 5, 1937, Munz
No. 14942, but most of that collection was lost. Two other col-
lections from Clark Co., Nevada, are the following: foothills of
Spring Mts. above Arden, on limestone at 3600 ft., R. C. Barneby
No. 2885; Sheep Mt. above Jean, on calcareous rocky slopes,
Ripley & Barneby No. 3327, May 4, 1941.

This species seems to be a winter annual, since leaves and
fruits of only one season seem to be found on a plant, and indi-
viduals of drier situations were mostly quite dead at the time the
type was collected. Its leaves and habit are those of G2. primi-
veris Gray, but the smaller white flowers and less pubescence
easily separate it from the yellow-flowered species. In the key

52 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 3

in my paper on the subgenus Pachylophis to which this belongs
(Amer. Jour. Bot. 18:728—738,—1931), it would seem to run
to GZ. cespitosa because of the white flowers, but the lobing of
the leaves (regular and oblong), the smaller flowers, and the
more definitely annual habit easily separate it. In its elongate
tuberculate capsules and seeds with deeply furrowed raphe, it is
unquestionably a Pachylophis.

In Tidestrom’s Fl. Utah & Nev. (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
25: 380,—1925) and Rydberg’s Fl. Rocky Mts., 598, 1917, it
would run to Pachylophis Johnsonu (Parry) Rydb. But I can-
not agree with the interpretation of these writers as to Parry’s
(Enothera Johnsonu (Amer. Nat. 9:270,—1875), of which the
original description reads : “flowers large and yellow” and “petals
one inch long”’ and “capsules 9—12 lines long, somewhat 4-angled,
strongly veined, not crested.” On an earlier page of the same
volume of the American Naturalist for 1875, namely, page 18,
Parry wrote, “We accordingly note the appearance of several
species of CEnothera, conspicuous among which is a large yellow-
flowered one, which being undescribed, I take pleasure in dedi-
cating to my esteemed friend, J. E. Johnson, Esq., as Ginothera
Johnsonii n. sp. (See appendix No. 64). Mr. Johnson, who has
had this plant for many years in his garden, called my attention
to the regularity and suddenness of its opening, from fifteen to
twenty minutes after sunset. This opening process, as frequently
observed by both of us,” etc. Obviously Dr. Parry knew this ~
plant and it cannot be the same as the white-flowered one to which
I now refer. I consider GE. Johnsonii a synonym of CG. primi-
veris Gray.

(Enothera heterochroma Wats. var. megalantha Munz, var. nov.
Hypantium 7 mm. longum; sepalis 5—6 mm. longis; petalis 1 cm. longis.

Hypanthium 7 mm. long; sepals 5—6 mm. long; petals 1 cm. long, rose
to lavender, with carmine spots at base; longer stamens about as long as
petals.

Type, Cain Spring, 50 miles southeast of Beatty, Skull Mts.,
near Wahmonie, Nye Co., Nevada, at 3400 ft. elevation, Aug. 24,
1938, Percy Train No. 2358, Pomona College Herbarium No.
253923 ; isotypes at Calif. Acad. Sci. and U.S. Dept. Agriculture.
This variety differs from the typical G2. heterochroma in its
larger flowers, the hypanthium in the typical form being 2.5—3.5
mm. long, sepals 2.5——3 mm. long, and petals 3—5 mm. long.

JULY, 1941] TWO NAMES IN MENTZELIA 53

C£nothera claveformis Torr. & Frem. var. purpurascens
(Wats.) Munz, comb. nov. C:. scapoidea var. purpurascens
Wats., Proc. Amer. Acad. 8:595 (1873). G2. cruciformis Kell.,
Proc. Calif. Acad. 2:227, f. 71 (1863). Chylismia scapoidea
var. crucitformis Small, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 23: 193 (1896).
(Enothera claveformis var. cruciformis Munz, Amer. Jour. Bot.
15 :235 (1928). Chylismia lancifolia Heller, Muhlenbergia 2 :226
(1906). This yellow-flowered variety from east of the Sierra
Nevada was treated by me in my revision of the subgenus
Chylismia as cruciformis, because Watson in his original de-
scription of purpurascens gave the flower-color as “pinkish-white
or purplish, rarely yellow.” But the first three specimens he cited
(Brewer No. 1845, Mono Lake; Watson No. 415, Unionville
Valley; and Anderson No. 70, Carson City) belong here and
the first should be taken as the type. In dried material, flower-
color is not very reliable and may account for Watson’s statement.

Boisduvalia densiflora (Lindl.) Wats. var. salicina ( Nutt. )
Munz, comb. nov. CGnothera salicina Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray
Fl. No. Amer. 1: 505 (1840), in synon.; Boisduvalia salicina
Rydb., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 40:62 (1913). Differing from
typical B. densiflora in the more appressed pubescence and lack
of gland-tipped hairs, and in the lance-ovate rather than orbicular-
ovate floral bracts, as well as in its distinctly more inland geo-
graphic range.

TWO NAMES IN MENTZELIA

BY GEORGE J. GOODMAN
Towa State College

In Miss Darlington’s monograph of the genus Mentzelia,*
one of the names, with its bibliographic reference, is given as
follows: “M. multicaulis (Osterh.) Nelson in Coulter and Nel-
son, Man. Bot. Rocky Mts. 326. 1909.” The first synonym listed
is M. pumila var. multicaulis (Osterh.) Nelson, with the identical
bibliographic reference from Nelson’s Manual. The reference
for the synonym is correct, the crediting to Nelson of multicaulis
as a specific epithet under Mentzelia is a slip. Inasmuch as Miss

1 Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 21:103-226 (1934).

54 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. 3

Darlington treats Osterhout’s entity as a species, the name can
best be treated as a new combination, with it and reference as
follows: Mentzelia multicaulis (Osterhout) Darlington, Ann.
Mo. Bot. Gard. 21: 156 (1934).

Another name which may be commented on, although less
importantly, for no changes are suggested, is Mentzgelia stricta
(Osterhout) Stevens ex Jeffs & Little (p. 143 of the mono-
graph). It is probably best to do as is usually done when a
transfer is thus incorrectly made, and accept Jeffs and Little as
the publishing authors, although the Jeffs and Little publication
is a check list, and the “new comb.” is followed by neither
description nor bibliographic reference. Further, the specific
epithet was originally published as stictus (under Hesperaster).
Dr. Aven Nelson, Curator of the Rocky Mountain Herbarium,
where the Osterhout Herbarium is now deposited, tells me that
strictus is correct, however.

THE ISLANDS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA AND A
LIST OF THE RECORDED PLANTS—II

BY ALICE EASTWOOD

This list of names has been compiled from many sources, the
most important of which will be found in the appended bibliog-
raphy. It is hoped that no name has been overlooked in the search
but if some may be found later they can be added in another issue
of this journal.

Some species may also be listed under two names since the
plants themselves were not available. This would result from
the difference of opinion among taxonimists in regard to the
limits of genera and species. The last list which included all the
islands was published in 1890 by T. S. Brandegee, Zoe, vol. I,
pp. 129—148.

I wish to acknowledge with thanks the courtesy of Dr. Ira L.
Wiggins in sending me his list of island plants from which several
names were found not before recorded. Mr. J. T. Howell fur-
nished a manuscript list of plants on Anacapa Island. I hope that
my list will prove helpful to those who may be interested in the
flora of the archipelago of Southern California.

JULY, 1941] PLANTS ON ISLANDS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 55

List or PLANTS ON ISLANDS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

n wn
= - 2
ek E ge &
MUPMEMMIRECIEN CAMUNIUS~VETICTIS Loonie cen sek eecean cn ceenestnedensncrnscnerenscance —- —- X* X X X
Adiantum pedatum L. var. aleuticum Rupr. -....00.000000000........ a
OSTA HES OTT | SERS ee Se ome wen! jee OX ee
Pellza andromedzfolia (Kaulf.) Feée..........0.000.00000.... ae a) meme SS) SO ES Se
rate 1). 60. Fath cicnvsncaccosmnnescernnsomonsnsruceoncsseracennnnens — — KOK
Pityrogramma triangularis (Kaulf.) Maxon............-...... on (eh SO Gt een
Pityrogramma viscosa (D. C. Eat.) Maxon .......0..0...eceee — RPL
Polypodium californicum Kaulf. var. Kaulfussii D. C. Eat — — XK XK X X
SOS Cong Bata © Se ee Sh en ae
memrrremes aria, (Katt) Watt tne cao ccs ese csate since en deenee te RS IE Ne a
Setantnes calitornica (Hook.) Mett 2... 2....20-cscecs-enee — —- X XxX xX -
C. myriophylla of Brandegee.
Seetames, Cleveland D. Co Hate. ccce nec scncenecconnecennnennene — = ae
ce SLA OST at i DR A DE: SRE ne = = = Ko OX
iemmeminneaiitoriica DD). GC) Batson i). .ssoeicc ace cacti ceanen ene —- — X X xX -
Nuemmrwaroia Chamissot Brack... 2.25.52 -ck:cececaesteetnntestncnnn nee — — ee =
Athyrium Filix-femina (L.) Roth var. sitchense (Rupr.)

CUD Sine ats be EA aE eee ee ea ee = SS XK
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. pubescens Underw......... = — oe
meanancinm meantaum (Kaalt.) Presi... —|—=—- xX xX = =
Svaraprerte trapiis (1.).Bernh. Schrad 2-2 encase ce ee i te ees
CEE AC STEM SES rE ols a a a mom er ae OS ee
ELSES ET os i a Gat O°; | so sn! ae = Gy Ses
EE TENT Cea UTES (0 00 9s lg — me a ee
Equisetum hiemale L. var. californicum Milde........................ — = = KX OS
merdmimelia Birelovit Under w...---.a.a--.-naaccnatnemsece ne cetenseevnernneenenee = = <)> ex
(2 a SGC: oS CSO nO nN == XS
binisecemotata, Mason (1930; p. 9). 2 tees = = XX KS =

P. muricata of authors.
SECIS CVS) gh IRS ee a eA ee OS — — X X xX =
SESE ERE cal ESSA Sennen eat Pee ee ee Se SK
ES OST eas De =|—- -—-=—- X — =
aye Sa SS Se Sa ae es Cee eee et —_—=—- KX = — =
BREET UEC LICH tCER PIRTIS ELIS Leet cee oer icc a eee soa acs sc te es ceca aac cones dense —- —- —- —- xX =
LA LURE Sa a a ee ee a =) = Ke
PMR CSREES OLE CYE WV ACS 2 ot cen wcnoc em sentonncteee onto — SS ee ee
BEE ONOWON SACCHATOIGES OWES. osc anna —- —- XxX —- xX =
(ETT OS 20 i SS Se, Sea a Os
ELVRIESG TECH 0a (05 01 UA UES ee ee — = Kee KX =
Erich PRT SMCALO IU IALIA VV cll Crees tee rsce ea oy 5 each beset aee cata ——-—- -—- -—- x =
UPR EM EWES, MUD aVO EN, TSR PEER SR ee hee seme nee eo ea see peor Rhone —-=—- —- X = =
Re RaMIEIR NS APC TICEN AA ESSE a asin cee once aetn once mene ca —--- x --

56 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY

Monanthochioenlittoralise dim cel nie eee eee een
Lolium temulentum L. var. arvense (With.) Bab.....................
Boliumiperentnie ea eee es oe pe a eee
Pholiuniusnneunvyusn le) ese hinzjqaliliel lees tena
PP TASE LUTION DAO ALLIS Ste UC meee eee ee erent ae tee ee eee
Veirosecateyoront aye si 0 KE OG INE Oy eae
lordetmitmodos tiny Tee cierto es bee OE eee nt ee A ee
Ve lovqalebrooleseaishpboyeteah | Oi ese ie ee ete eect
Hordeuniiviuleare tae BA AUD he Rie a ec A a
leloraelabrany (Groene baniran, IREV Ne ccc neta cere ga asececcbacctascenues
BiyantysrcondensatusP rest) ses soot sass Sse) eee celles
Elymus -triticoides Buclel. 222 sl eee eens
Elvis elaucus Buckl.2.. ee oe ee ee eee
Sitaniony jupatium §.. Ga Smithis soc ee ee eee
Agerapyron uwepens = (125) (Reaves aie cl eee os eee Ries ee
Keoelerta enstata c(le;) aiberst ee ee ee restate a eee
Dissanthelium californicum (Nutt.) Benth..............222-2........-
Stenochloa californica Nutt. (1847, p. 189)
Drstichlisysprcatan G9) Greet cps eee eee nee eee
GynodonyMactyJlomiiGl;) Persie aera
VACV erat a tiial tls cet eer ee 8 Ser SeaR eee aU YL Saleen eeu
Avena Dana tae TeO teesececrcs. sees eee ee ree Seer ee meat
Ne rostisiiverticsll ate Wile mses ese ae sree ree eee eee eases
INS rOStiSH les OENSISMV ASEY eects a eee eae cece eee ree
PAS rOStISME A Galt apn TiTlysce sr sete cee Reale eterno Rie ee eer Ree
A rOstiSWSCGUIERI# air itliacs Siti: ele eer atk ers cas Oe cng eRe
Gastridium ventricosum (Gouan) Schinz & Thell.....................
Polypogon lutosus (oir) sii Ches ai ccen over peree ee cee ear
Polypegon-monspeliensis, CL) Desist. ee ee
Muhlenbergia microsperma (DC.) Kunth -.....20.022...2-ce22---
Stipa leprdanilitchies ssc so ee a eee ie ean
Viet, vavaralesestopmbiry (WEISER) TES Meh eer ececeeeeemeeeeeneneonee
Stipanpilciwrawblatehic cs {hes = (CR ee ee ee eee eee
PNGIStIawACSCEMSTOMIS) Dene acces eects cn lero rae ee Meee neree UMaine
@ryzopsisymiliaceayy (4) vB iy Ged eer eee eee eee
Bromus: thondeacets tlie recesses e recat ee ee eae
Bromus; miler Say le se esses eee Ee Sa cane
Bromus i alirim inlet ae eee cee vest ee eae a cee
Bromus; tector: Di. seee st ee cer ee eee
Bromus rigid us yi Roth eee eee ee ee ree erie eee ee
NEbey (Gibsonia (ety) (Goss Gel Dib beso eteece deen raeceere
IBEO mS) ORCUee amit s Vick Se yee oe eee ae eee ee
Bromusrsubvelutintisi is meats cree ee ee ee
Bromus carinatus H. & A. var. Hookerianus (Thurb.) Shear

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JULY, 1941] PLANTS ON ISLANDS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

a ESC a
Bromus maritimus (Piper) Hitche.........0......... Anacapa Island
TNS TEEATALE” IN COS 55 occas incase dea ide oserdiniseianivuecaevanbyenesdsvosoc¢esness
SEEM HIATTS (LOOK, | SHOAL ai ..00dc0c. coos incosuasovdvanisdcordvusecscsensvoes
Festuca octoflora Walt. var. hirtella Piper ......0.0.0.0.000000.000.00.--
a ci cioed.p emien sandonacovevioene onadvpaghdadvcesignaieds
TNT IATL oa sd any checgyesidesnadens adorn ddventnindae sins denne vee
RIT IRON ONCACIIVS NUE 5. cnsssdcscoeccssiconsicoesedocnncensaiunecncdcnaddesiouss
NL eh ane cnnesxdampssedapmennivitbuneddonadccn
TYE NS M1 cas ia feneontiesnseeelcnrecorcedonedansedeboiganisvndvevouee
a ON 8 ha crac gach wcsavevcbdievieueenednnddadesevoee
oh saantsatetadsiden Lscrcesendasd
IS GET ak SESS sn ee eT
ferbieser bel ( Winn.) Brent hiss. s- ac cteec een actak ecco cate cece casecd st ccok tees
Pe MMMTOTEIDICLSIIMIN GOS! oe oot e eee ee a a Ne
DIRE RS RE eT PO, vo CON
[Poe leet Aine} G7) 26 (l a (A pane Se Cea ee
Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench............00.0.0....00...- Prince’s Island
(NS EATEN BERS 3 0) | cn
TNS TS pa Ng) a ea eD

dee, ALS a 6G] Be) 6 a(a PPI eee eee tee Ot ea ge SSD OE
a DC ng Ct (LD a aS
USSG Sg ig ag od
PGE Ss
SG STE (21 a
meirpus calitornicus (C. A. Mey.) Britt. ....-.......---ccccecec--n----
rT SYN ED en a a ee
LA GT SE 0 a
MRC PTE ECA PIOOUE os «testes Nac Sinan cd acon sesesctnaencececcecsmatevaconssucnen
ce 2c A ne ee ee ae ee eee
ENP MPEOTUARTY, SENCMOEES ase hoi ics Sa doa boosts encinanndey dic etenee
EMSC aes hy ek a
EA Ge) nT Sh cc a
SS jn UN TDS A ee
i LGR, EO SS ae
SIAM CNM Ga cece eg a
Meares MIONtEreyensis MUZe, oo. ckik cocci cece cevcencasacencuscenensencosuue
gl | oR ER epi ace ee ne SSA
TERR TESMION co cc Mt oo as os ee eed ts
Bemmraetacnrg WW. Beott 4 a ee
REESE es oto Rote ee a a ee ls
MRTPRTOSPIINS Rh. ok ae te oe Bee
ESE hig FIRSTS nes PL Pe
oo pel RS SOU 1 OS Sen ee a ee

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58

LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY

GAEDE UNS an OUIS ULI WV ES cee ee ese cree
SAREPEXEL TSE) 28 0 SUT Sel DPR RAS I ee eR ee eee
A SUREMGETS) appa EGER PIR ce rec cee e ct armen rere nee
Nancus xaphiodes (Mey: 2. soe ce ce ee eee eae
iztilay Comosaly Mey cya. ee es oe a ea a eheereaecec
Luzula campestris DC. var. congesta (DC.) Buch. ................
Adltemimpeninstlare icemimon) o-1 2! 5 fe kt caer pce!
Altiumivamplectens) Mort ee ster ee res a Le een eeu sean
Allium precox, brandee wt. 0 Ae oe Seo eee eee tee
PANT starraeel ea CUT SUTRAS cm sees ane anne
[eg korvearaeey coygorerscy, (C1Novay)) (CoN Se esc er
iBrodices scapitatawben they. sce eee tes chee an ees need oe ema
B. insularis Greene (1886, p. 134)

Brodiza

synandraCGlieller) PlepSsi.. ee tec eee

B. jolonensis Eastw. fide Hoover (1939, p. 563)
Chloragalum pomeridianum (DC.) Kunth -........00000-.-------
Lilium Humboldtii R. & L. var. ocellatum (Kell.) Jeps. -.......

L. Bloomerianum Kell. var. ocellatum Kell. (1873, p. 88)
Calochortus catalinz Wats. (1879, p. 268) -...-...-..--- 0.202.020
Galochortussalbiis a CB eriths)yelDO te: eee tere eee eee

var.

riubellus: (Greenes see ee et) aks Le ee ee

Galochortus lute ns Dooly meee ee ee ee eee
Galochortusysplend ensy Ore lie eee eee
ZAG ACENIS] BREMIONMEN (DORE ecg enn ee se ace theese teres pcoes oer eee
Sisyaatichitim bel temliaVVialt Se teen a tee ose eet reenees
blabenariays iichae lain Gree ie meses en eee ee eee
(Byaygontears ten teqeuny were ID Yoyo Teg Dye ot cee ee eee he Ae ee eS
Peolemopsis: Galtt@rnica EL OOKS (ec. ec ne tenes Sects rerce reer reece
Poniinsstrichocarpa wl 1G, Gey eee Se eee
Populus Fremontii Wats. var. Wislizeni Wats. -...........-.-.-----
Sallsxcnilcevacata ase DD estrest5 ener ee ee ea a ge eocees S or cna
Saliscolasiole pers eritiny ccs teri ooo Se i Sea eee
Saltsoeargopbiytla: Nite) oss east eter eee
Se osetia ENS Eee al f= Wit SYS oh oleh a eee ane re ee Ie AS oe ee
Salix (Gooddiner Balli== Be PEP ON CN oh ee
S. longifolia Muhl.

Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus
Quercus

Guam Osa ANGE ste ce Eo Perec
MacDonaldi Greene (1889, p. 25) .......------------ee020-0--+-
ehnsysolepisMeielin: 2.2 28.6 2 ete eee erences
tomentella Engelm. (1878, p. 393) ....Anacapa Island
aeritolias Nee eerie 0 cot Ns aS eee eater ae
Oblong iFolia aor pte eee et eee ee renee ace
lobWatay Nee i Se ek ee i eee ee ener
MOPS MUS Hel ie) Ee A OL ee eco ee cea

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Bee: oe oa

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JULY, 1941] PLANTS ON ISLANDS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

Quercus parvula Greene (1887, p. 40) ............--:cecececcceeeccereeeeeee
a area dpusete Koccatcaensudediape ddos
EN EPEVICIRELICEH. DUISCE. ocaicsesscidenandcmnpicoevecsotescnatcorsnnsanecnesuedenvovensasen
IE ESSENSE t's a Be Re
ee PareeaECELT CAMEL COE: 1 LATION ULE bs aca ce oe haa cncoat cdScvevscsodecnudeudeschedlecdtoevonaee
Polygonum aviculare L. var. littorale Koch ...00200000000000000.......
aN NpentPeAV TERE EAMOSISS UENCE I: anaes die nance santo cnetcencennsneecese
Pterostegia drymarioides F. & M. ......2........:.csccecccceeeeee Be Pena
PRICE TEE VV TCEIEED (WV AUS toc eescce conceesceseseeasegedeccendncnscessantenctonteseoee
C. insularis Hoffm. (1932, p. 56)
PPA Teen CIINIENISIS. EREINY | <0ce22-s0cseencs-Sen ooo nes eas nade cannons suninascaceesdnd
1) iiem(S53. GOR [iE RS Bog Mae RES eine et he a Se a
OMAR ETCAMAMTIT ELA EMTINULS Psa focal oe arse oak ccs ace ca an deen accevaveadwatosereatesaoetce
LEHR? AACS) DE TOI a SR ee
IMP TESEP BGS) VV CLUIENL a: oan cc coca veer acncredy Se whe ndn ace eshonsncna nieuw
Reminemeconolomerdtus: MUUEr. 2.05 o oc cceccscccn se cocatjescecemteneacdcenasassnt
Leiesiees, fa(et ela (etae | Uy eRe ns a en ee ee
Eriogonum arborescens Greene (1884, p. 11) ..Anacapa Island
Eriogonum giganteum Wats. (1885, p. 371) 0.02202...
Wat. formosum K. Brandg. (1897, p. 79) ....-....---c0c-.-0200----.
Eriogonum grande Greene (1887, p. 38) ........ Anacapa Island
Eriogonum rubescens Greene (1887, p. 39) 0.....20.2.22..2:c0c0eeeee---
BE ricPONN Title CINETEUMI ESCM EL,, <a cease, sce ewe crease sac cbaccenenvancedensccencee
PMA EATIURISN OECECIZANS) Wiiei cnc csteeace tc cscs wascoeds.cevesvuctelwvesucoslosabmucdeicene
PERI AT ATIEIAIIS: PUMIE@ICLES = (VV AES. noe conc ceecs onc cabs so satacktestlecdechucesdecccecsouce
mrimex pactica A. Nels, | ..::..--.0—c-csc-cde—---- Anacapa Island
A. microcarpa Dietr.
BMUrt i esUV AtSOnth AniNGIS: ces. kee ee Nd Ek
A, decumbens Wats.
PUroEprece GOUMeL HD IEth, hee ee ee
murrepiiese SELeMana A's NCIS. 8s onccceceec nce -cecstetecce ta eSes sees cece ce reece
A. bracteosa Wats.
Atriplex Serenana A. Nels. var. Davidsonii Stand].

30 eat SE ne i a Coronado Islands
Atriplex californica Mog. ...Santa Barbara, Anacapa islands
evtripiess leucophylia’ CMog.) Dietr. ccc 0s. accel ences nsadeecncencense
has Rs 22a gfe oan
ERE ETE Shs WV AES, sas eh ere en hecee cc ones veo senile
Purinies patula LL. vary hastata, (.) Gray —..-.2....u
Atriplex semibaccata R. Br. .................. Santa Barbara Island
UREURMNERCAN RITE ANION ES) On tne te
RSMIEMOPOGIHEM AMIDLOSIOIMES, Pye este oct onc cea rondo ecco tee
Chenopodium murale L. ........Santa Barbara, Anacapa islands
Chenopodium californicum Wats. .................... Anacapa Island

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60 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY

iIMonolepis Nuttalliana s(R: @ S:))Greene. 22.

Srcedanlianreyarva iv vittsay ceeds eee ne clea nse CEE eer

StedarGalitotiatca a Vials sje eee ee eae Anacapa Island

Arthrocnemum subterminale (Parish) Stand]. -.....0002000.....
Salicornia subterminalis Parish

Salicormian BiselOovinn Oni es rst tere eee ee ee at ene eae
Aphanisma blitoides Nutt. ......2.0...-......- Santa Barbara Island
ANoeOvTME, FORE MATTE) INCI, eee eke eee eects Anacapa Island
JAIDrOniay minors: Sarre diye eri be ere notes a eet eae eee ona
Aibroniawumibel latasa ria scree serene terete eau Ae Ube te Gem
Aibrontas la tinolt gsc liege sec teee en eee erem larrenr nets eno oI NEE
ANpyaoarey rool Syeterebl (CUSIOM, fo, SN) eee ee ccsecassocdceoce
Abronia alba; Hastw. (1898, priO7i) ies cece eee cece rete

Webs, etary, (CSyeravell)) Gs eecedee ceecce cece ste stecessctseosnoccs

Abronia neurophylla Standl. (1909, p. 314) 000.
Hesperonia californica (Gray) Standl. var. microphylla
Stern lh ee es 2 ee aside See ARE Nh ee

lelegrdome, Ikaais (eyed) Sytner necee necse ete oeeonceceronssooan seo:

Hesperonia cedrosensis Standl. (1909, p. 362) -......02..2..---+-

BTR etereed & Oo naca axe yeUET Seal VU T T fra ree meme ee eee ee eee

Mesembryanthemum: chilense Miols 22-2 2s ee eee
M. equilaterale Haw.

+

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. ...Santa Barbara Island
Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum L. ...... Santa Barbara Island
Galandrinia Menziesi) (Hoalks) ina G. 2h eee co
Galan rintamea tll eS Cerise tel ks heen ene eee oe eee
(Caillevaahsbaviey sanewe tn aaey, INIT, apne ect teemno se bnnsbect desecrate
(Collraabaravia, leyayieinl \WENIS, ttc ot ota sents ss tans epee acer nates:
Montialitontanalylecy tec ae Pee ie IN SisIM We MeL ety Vee Cakes
Miontiampe tel tata G1) Ori0)) illo ye) pees nee ne eee enero eenmneteers

Varuparvidoras (Dougl:)\ Jeps...:25 7 see eee

ortulacalolera cea liye eect cia eM ached s Inve n aa dyes Seepesenen merle
Stellariatimediaci (es) Cyan
Stellariaiiiterts Ni iets cece te eee ee ee a ene eee
Sagania MOCCIGeTItAal Si VVic ES siete crates e ae enna neo Eee
Npenatiay DOuUe asim era lees eet sere tate sae eee a neon tere Raper
Spergularia macrotheca Heynh.

PONIES A AOE ghee eee ae Anacapa, Santa Barbara islands
Spereulantaenuabrcay (le) ya) meen Gem Eyes leer eee eee ere
Massa validas Greene (Gl SO Se piel (7p) aeereeeaeet ee eae ee tees

Spergularia macrotheca Heynh. fide R. P. Rossbach (1940)
Spergularia Clevelandii (Greene) Rob. 2-0-2... ceeeeccceeeeeenee
S. villosa (Pers.) Canb. fide R. P. Rossbach

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JULY, 1941] PLANTS ON ISLANDS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

ENTER PTO cx cas cmccesn chee sbaapaonsiaracutecdaannvssihise enonit
S. marina (L.) Griseb. fide R. P. Rossbach

Spergularia Bocconi (Scheele) Foucaud .000.0.0...0.0.ccccccceeeceeoes
BUEMGMETRIEL CEPLESSUNT INUt. ..........c0cncececececsesasecesesesesceseenssvecvivicesee
NTR fe. Fars casero is oxuasidec cb mtn ntcmpcutecacavtiep anid dkcndcan ovskevede
Pentaczena ramossissima Weinm. ..................-c0s:ccesessscesseceeesceceeees
Ee So scchisocsech cesta ncianddnenrucdpep ncmacavsacna cebldti anced
TAS DS RES RS se So oe
Silene simulans Greene (1887, p. 63) .............. Anacapa Island
Beslene MIUMINervia Wats. ............0ccccc-cecseccereceens Anacapa Island
a ESE a
OES Gp Ce) PE ae | 9 hc
GTS Si cr
Snawerminora Eastw. (1905, p. 193) cn... cccccncccecceccceseccncceaeee-
a IIIT AA CU UTUG sc
Ranunculus californicus Benth. var. cuneatus Greene..............
a Tee an Ci i cr
LS TS 9 it C2) a a a ee
RUPP MNEIREIIEE SIG SCT UCM: GAY. ooo sonce nes enconcccnecccereccosovcedersessasecsintebecsns
Parent inigata: (Lae.) Fedde iccc.cccc.tccastcoe ci enccecscctcschese econ.
Crossosoma californicum Nutt. (1847, p. 150) oo... cece
bP SEG tab i ©): 5 he cc cc cr re
Stylomecon heterophylla (Benth.) G. Tayl. 00.0000.
Meconella denticulata Greene (1886, p. 59) .ooc.ceecccceccccseeeeeeeeee-
Dendromecon flexilis Greene (1886, p. 216) 22....0...0.0ccccceseeeeeeee
Dendromecon rhamnoides Greene (1905, p. 305) 2.000...
Dendromecon arborea Greene (1905, p. 305) ooo.ccecccccecccceeseeeenee
Dendromecon densifolia Greene (1905, p. 304) 2.0.00.
Dendromecon Harfordii Kell. (1873, p. 102) .......e.ecceesececeeoeee-
Eschscholzia glauca Greene (1905, p. 226) .......-.ccececeseeeceseeoeee
Eschscholzia elegans Greene (1905, p. 182) oo..-.ecoceecceceeeeeeee-
Eschscholzia ramosa Greene (1886, p. 217) .0.......ccscececsececeeoe0e-
Eschscholzia maritima Greene (1905, p. 193) ......0.c.cceccceeeeeoee
Eschscholzia robusta Greene (1905, p. 266) .oo.c...ccccccccccseseseeoe---
Eschscholzia crossophylla Greene (1905, p. 268) .0.....0000-----.--
Eschscholzia Wrigleyana Millsp. (1923, p. 109) 20000000000...
Eschscholzia trichophylla Greene (1905, p. 268) .....020..-0.00-----
Platystemon hispidulus Greene (1905, p. 193) 000-00
Platystemon cernuus Greene (1905, p. 193) oocccccccceececseceeeeoeeees
Platystemon aculeolatus Greene (1905, p. 167)

Ree ee irises do cestlicany sec uecch Santa Barbara Island
Platystemon setosus Greene (1905, p. 194)

J 2 ea ne Pere ge ae Santa Barbara Island

Platystemon Ornithopus Greene (1905, p. 167). o...ccccccccsseceeeoe---

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62 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY

Isomeris arborea Nutt. var. insularis Jeps. (1936, p. 11) ......
Val no LODOSa s GO vey ees ere acer ae cec cer een menace
Reseda OdOrat ae ls. he se eee errs ee ree eee aoe eae eae say ase oe
Oligoments. glaucescens (Camb. | 225 See eee
Capsella Bursa-pastoris) (lL) Moench) 2 eee.
Capsella procumbens (L.) Fries var. Davidsonii Munz ........
Dithyrzea californica Harv. var. maritima Davidson -...........
Descuriania pinnata: (Walt) Merits ee nee eee ere
Atyssmum maritimeam |.) (deaminase
Bepiditim latipes: Took) ee eae sess eee
Mepidiume: lasiocarpiim) NMEt re tee eee ane aes oe ees
eppacd tnaeny rave rena: Nia eee een croeeetne
Lepidium dictyotum Gray var. acutidens Gray ~.........---..-
epidiameDrata Wis tse 5: See Bc Ne ec tae ce ea hee eae
Eepidium Robinsonn Dhell. 23.2205. .2 a ee ee
Eepidium pubescens Desve 222.-227/5 222 Anacapa Island
epidium ‘oblong um Small oe ae ence teers
Rorippa Nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Schinz & Thell.
Mhysanocatpus; laciaiatis, oNat tages pose cece eee erent re
Thysanocarpus conchuliferus Greene (1886, p. 218) —......
i hysanocarpus .curyipes LOOK, ee ies Bien ese skeen eee
Dhysanocarpus emarginatus Greene )oe te a eee
Thysanocarpus ramosus Greene (1887, p. 390) -~.....-...------.----
“hysanocarpus ats) Greene: steer ieee ee eee
Athysanus pusillus:-CHlook:)) Greener 222). tee eee
Tropidocarpum dubium Day. (1894, p. 179). ...--.--2--..c-ce-s----
Thelypodium lasiophyllum (H. & A.) Greene..Anacapa Island
Arabis maxima Greene var. Hoffmannii Munz (1932, p. 63)
Agabis spenioliata elsainic 2.220056 d- ve eine ece oe cea eect ccna ceva caeezese
Den tari ance lito tint Gea NiCr tap cere ae ee eee
Gardamiuttenoleospeninay Nil tte ye eee eect eee eee eee ee
Cardamine filifolia Greene (1887, p. 30) -......-.----.-.-2-2---c2--0-------
Sibara filifolia Greene

Cakile edentula (Bigel.) Hook. var. californica (Heller)
Bie rmall dite tse ee ee ee se ree

Brassicay Camipest tise tee as ee ee ee Nee ee Pe ee
BB Gassi@aleiil ara (G19) ee e@ Gln eee sce ee eee areas
Sisymbrium:otheimalel (Cia, Scops ts. ee eee eee eee
Raphanus Sativiisile, : eee se eet SE Ae See eet oe eee cee
Erysimum asperum (Nutt.) DC. .................... Anacapa Island
Erysimum insulare Greene (1886, p. 218) -.....-.....------------------
Wallac ‘erectay FW iG ei ee GaN Te eS MS Sit ener ea ete
Dudleya Greenei, Rose (1903, 1p: 17) 2

Dudleya ‘Candelabrum Rose (1903) ip) 17) 22a ee

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JULY, 1941] PLANTS ON ISLANDS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 63
n y ms a
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Dudleya candida Britton (1903, p. 18) .......... CoronadonlSiands) 1.
Stylophyllum virens Rose (1903, p. 34) 2...eccccsessssesssecteseeeeneneen - -—- -—- — — X
Stylophyllum albidum Rose (1903, p. 34) ..0.ccccccecccccececeeeeeeeee - -- =
Stylophyllum Traskze Rose (1903, p. 34)
ee Santa Barbara Island — — — — — —
Stylophyllum insulare Rose (1903, p. 34) .2...ee.ccccecccee cece —- —- -—- —- x =
peviopnyiiam Hassei Rose (1903, p. 35). ......-----cs...scceecscsneeesoee - -- —- x =
Stylophyllum anomalum Dav. (1928, p. 79)..Coronado Islands — — — — — —
Heuchera maxima Greene (1886, p. 149) ........ Anacapa Island — — xX xX — —
Sree MCAD TS DOLE, oa n.os oo nnsnccscdaeorevtnpntntonapvebetedecetdnnsen —- —- —- Xx - -—
Lithophragma catalinze Rydb. (1905, p. 88) 0.000200. pe pet), ee ee
Pirgopnragma Cymibalaria T. & Gy au... nnscsccccncecnccocsnesceneosncecseens =—-— —- X xX x =
PemetNeeTA CAML OLDICA Greene anaes neo ens oth enrnnesnepenemieceecenpoeetvncs —- —--—- xX —- =
Jepsonia Neo-nuttalliana Millsp. (1923, p. 124) 00. —_—- —- —- xX =
Sepeumia taalyetolia (Greene) Small 2. ees Kin 1 OK Keen
Saxifraga malvefolia Greene (1882, p. 121)
Ribes viburnifolium Gray (1882, p. 202) 00.200... eseeeeee- —- -—- —- —- xX =
PEMMGSUMMALVACCHIN Si. 5.5 on. on-n- cnc osenvoecesesocncecesnc Anacapa Island — — X xX X —
I DCR Tl a? , a ee a ve ek Cee = ies t= eS =
R. Mensiesti Pursh var. Thacherianum Jeps. (1936, p. 156)
Lyonothamnus floribundus Gray (1885, p. 292) 20002... —- -—- —- —- X =
Lyonothamnus asplenifolius Greene (1885, p. 187) ..00000........ —- — XK Xx — X
Holodiscus arizfolius (Sm.) Greeme 200..020.0.02.....ceceseeeeeeeeceeeeeee —- —- —- X xX =
ieemenpmstentia Tascictlatirn EX. Ge Ai ccs Se cette =—i — XxX XX. — &X
PMCRES CSETCVLIUISEE "VV AES; . tn os a intense eee ua —- - - xX - -
SIs ULE SGT 60) De AS 6 || cc es — te MSE
Cercocarpus Traskiz Eastw. (1898, p. 136) ..........::cccececece-00 SSeS
Cercocarpus alnifolius Rydb. (1913, p. 421) 000. —=——=—- xXx xX =
Meeocmearpis Dettloides Nite. \o ie accessed etee sep eeretetctee == IDS EX
SNES EDS yy An es es so hak ae ——=|-=-—- xX xX =
Meemetese mi sveinosa Lindl: oe he lt tho cyl tated —- -—- - —- xX =
PILE Neen Ts) ea ed ee ee —- xX - - - =
P. pacifica Howell
mtniniacarpiitiohia (Ait.) Eimdhy sis cco ccccessacs ctesncccece cet donenate SK ARR GY Oe Laid
Womwsuacrocarpa Mrunz:- (1931) p: 64) 22.2. osseecacwcsescceecennchee - - - —- xX -
PONS heel ig Cor ol 203 Laan 1 6) —- —- —- xX - -
Suen eoteenen ven. (1917, p. 71) ee —-- - xX - =
ermmmmrattmrrincicGs: te 5/022 ee 8 ds le — — X Xx xX =
MRRP IS: Ch Meas ae ss A) ale nee ted 4 AE OS pO Sab
Rete WONT Chastw.) esate. ee = Me KE
P. occidentalis Lyon (1886, pp. 202, 333)
2 gOS FEET ASG Dp | en —- —- — — xX X
maps truncatus Nutt, 2 pce REACT a1) ms CR Pe. SE
or Ra Get CR Ch | rc a re =<) eet Ry Se —

64 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY

| Da Shavravb ieee Ley) half bd eal oleter uae oe sabe Shao ager eee sa ee see eta t tet
Tupinus umbellatus (Greene. i2tst cee Anacapa Island
L. micranthus Doug}.
Taupimiss hipSutissimus emthi ce 22. tk epee an. ever ceeeeenaede ct eceaeen
Meupinas sticculemtis Doel 2 oe eee eee eet eee seer nen seen ae
Teurpimess Eval lise A bareutaas eset cee nee teneneee erodes meer ceeee ere ae aneooe
Dupitias «Chains soni sy ess clas) ee ti aE ake reper aeaee eaves eden
pints emminens Greeti alee e te ee eh ce ae caret neeea eames teer aaa reas
META IFUAS) ARDONETS) SSUTTIS Nee ee eeepc crc teeters eect cemeeecs
Mupinusvalbitoms Berth. cer cece nets Anacapa Island
Tetapitnias | Dove lasik eae ieee eee e pen renee Recee nearer nee
Ibepovbatbsyaler (col yp | Orta Cal eee aan eae ene peer eo Pa ereeers cee k
Keupinus microphyllus ‘(Greemes 222i ene co-ec oes ane gee cece ae een anenennnnn
(eaapIGS) MALCLOCALpUS Simms See a ao seeeeceace caen cence raeaec scene
Lupinus bicolor Lindl. var. tridentatus Eastw. .............-.-.-.--.-.--
Tlespoyha yb tspesate Fe) fo B Yo) by) Uy meee set stele a UOMO pepe see es ee nsec ferme ere
Pickerinerta smaomterna Nett aes sacs cca ate ceeerer ate eee eae een cee
Helo saclkciamarne rience (NIU GES) leg l p eta een ee ee cerca
losackea jeranicitloray NS etit lice eee toccscncep cee enatsceeseneceaegeeste se cans
Hosackia venusta Eastw. (1898, p. 103) (Syrmatium) ..........
Hosackia Veatchii Greene (1885, p. 83) (Syrmatium)
pee A Bes Bee ae A Sie EE Ee Bene Anacapa Island
Hosackia Wrangeliana (F. & M.) T. & G. 02
Ibforainsy, Wnterroenubis (Grease! oe ease eee es ee eho eres a cooecacee
Hiosackia ‘brachy.carpa Bemthy) 22 oi ese cceee eo tesceren ne
1B lawse tel etl Siete ata (ohne Wal 8(=) cid 9 ape nonceer ascension eee ePenee eee ech oer
[aoe rel acy seus on sbooe) ANAT Ey ee eae ee eee menace
EA SeAC hae A UTERO SOA NVELE eke o sees eter ans eA a stt Se cectecrane net nner seeeete
TB ieysevel ot, eb dovevley INCOR) ee ec leer eee ase oecemeci
losackia isubpimnata itary CoG ee ee ee secant
Inosackial amthwiloides) NU isp) 20s sete ecee cenectenee- teehee eee
Syrmatium Ornithopus Greene (1885, p. 185, as Hosackia)
Pe AY a ATS oes ead Wine eet ReMee eee Santa Barbara Island
Syrmatium Traskie Eastw. (Abrams, 1917, p. 201) -............-
Sytmatium micranthum (Nutt.) ‘Greene 220...
Syrmatiiin ‘@lalruimiy Vogel oes c2. 22 cette tects eee reeeereccees
Syrmatium dendroideum Greene (1886, p. 146) -......---.------.-----
Syrmatium niveum Greene (1886, p. 148) —...-----------1----
Syrmatium patens Greene (1886, p. 147) —.....----------e es
\Wierey etoatevereriaesh IVI DV ONS eee reat noes meen reo cec cee
NAN LTTL@ ATL S 7) VW UeUCS eye a sae ee rece eearas
Aire e Wateo otal Wal b3 synthe An el PN wwe Ye eam rad
Meath ris Ale velit, Wikis be yess eee eee cones corer meant reetee. te ceateeeeneaae
(GSavieeya Phan) ey VR ee pereea eee eeere th eee peecoocreccaccence

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JULY, 1941] PLANTS ON ISLANDS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

RIIRIGETOSISTS SECU. oo 2o cies ncinns sas asncovsnnncssacurnnntevnmynemncecnncversiens
I no hats tatatahiine earn tiotecormaanaled
TION CrA@ LEU. 55a o-<sacessnecenscavenionesanaecésensinacccvosteeosans seas
TEETER
TPN oon soos socites dooues consoen'enaadecpelsnndneecavensvuvargauscqonet
MITT ES chic 8 hess chan anicendaaesuscnnncenondpetceonadesagionnse
Remeireery exrerciientuiny Eb , Ge Goss... ek censnesanennnnoessnssceorennnonnde
RPPRMRTEIUVELS PICIIU EEN EVEL IN. cstce cedar oe cose ceesaceecedessveca-neancneVa-uercecesovs
porto sealmeri Wats. (1876, p. 132)! <-....-.-..-n20---cccsstecseoe-o-e0
BETPONMAECUIOlAtitn BOMth) | -...cccc-.c.scccanessocecscenascncnsserncstaeeubuecaecs
Remtrenrery Cepaliperatiiin Desy, ........--0:4.-..0c-<csescceseccesorsceesarcennenee
I TO Se aon cans deca canes ndcncnnityttbnnenbvondinesenine
mowitomum exile Greene (1887, p. 6) -....-2-<..-s--cosccennssoenecscnasnnee
Trifolium catalinz Wats. (1890, p. 128) ...............c.cceceeseeeeeeees
RerPaINPRREMINTACT AGL FT. Ge AC. 2... anes anccesseocesccvesssonncsesonssecdecenereinensueaten
Trifolium Traskz Kennedy (1913, p. 19) 0.............--::sc-ceeseseeee
Trifolium brachyodon Greene (1903, p. 107) -........2.2.2.200000000--+
Trifolium fucatum Lindl. var. Gambelii (Nutt.) Jeps. ........
Watemaviiting (Greene) Jeps, .....<-...cconcccce-cceccccecsseoeennesnnenesee
Memitoienedienotomunt bl. GAL vat. <2 cries cceete-cccdeeeeceecee eee
Trifolium insularum Kennedy (1913, p. 29) .0...0......e:eeeeseeeeee
Perro lvotmmavanterata eNiibhs, 2cc.2.cl.< fee ecee a eencccceeasacecsnesecernsectercec
Ulva) Lsbiagy lap ta Gerry atta opel 0000 | Oe eee np ope eae ene Bee aoe ECE PSS
DETR MEACIGINATE (NICE) IMC ICE.) cen ee teeta cageccesee tere
rermired tmicrOcephalutn Pursh, <2... -.c-..eccencn oceeeceedeaseeeconnns
meatier alpopurporeum: Ti. Ge Gy nnn nance cn ccecemstecennnee
OT TG Gy cid Gi as he ee
mane oosiin mastw.. (169s, p. 100) a2n.e. ne ect ecec
Spereiiimnd stenopiry Nrim Nit; 5... aoa anes catien nes saeco cnn eeen
T. amplectens of Brandegee
SG Tahoe rr idl No) 9 gees lee
URC bAAIIS CIC VINOGAL DUS HEL. Ge A oo oe siescvesec len tcacctedacetecseceneceeen
A. catalinensis Nutt. (1847, p. 152)
6 UMASS VET GS CRIES] ¢(2] (s [i Se
A. nigrescens Nutt.
Astragalus Nevinii Gray (1886, p. 412)
Ly son 18 ee ea Santa Barbara, Anacapa islands
Astragalus leucopsis (T. & G.) Torr. ....Santa Barbara Island
veaie LOVE Ve a yig oF UGS etch Celene Cee te ieee Aaa eg MO Se
(i SLL: 2: Va CRS 2 A ARG SSE Re ae dln ee een Ente
Me retieetl LS) 1k ASEICIO SUIS) GTOCTIGs see aces n ccs seew el seman tear ooeesttederse
Phaca fastidia Kell. (1860, p. 145)
Puatremsaius trichopodus (Nutt.) Gray 22.2... cecc econ
Astragalus miguelensis Greene (1887, p. 33)....Anacapa Island

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66 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY

Astragalus capillipes Jones (1923, p. 117)
Astragalus Traskie Eastw. (1898, p. 102)
Be eegUAN. Ben aU I. fA irs eaat AL Le Santa Barbara Island

Erodium moschatum (L.) L’Her. ........Santa Barbara Island
Brodium: cicutarinm) (2) ers 0 0 ee ee Ey,
Erodium macrophyllum H. & A. .............-...--
Erodium Botrys Bertol.
Oxalis cernua Thunb.
Oxalis corniculata L.
OxalistiptlosaNithaecs tos olla sale A IE cee AO MOR Mi el Bad
Tropeolum majus L.
utara veolens i) wiibinl” Selec YSN Ul Una Mian aap
Eremocarpus setigerus (Hook.) Benth.
RECTUS Commi emis Ea yield Fiala) SU BED
Euphorbia dictyosperma F. & M.
Euphorbia crenulata Engelm.
Euphorbia miseray Benth) reek ae oe a hee eh a
Euphorbia serpyllifolia Pers. var. rugulosa Engelm. (Millsp.,
EOD pena) seve yee ene ae ee. ete 1! MAL yeh ie A
Polygala californica Nutt.
RMS nVeRSiLa@ba: Gen Grp We ithe a A a NUT en sy
Rhus integrifolia (Nutt:) B..& W:. 2.2.0... Anacapa Island
Rhus ovata Wats.

Rhamnus insulus Kell. (1859, p. 20) ....
Rhamnus pirifolia Greene (1896, p. 15)
Rhamnusscalitormiicasbisch. ui ss ly a hee eae nd,
Rhamnusveatalinz: Day, (1917, pi 47)! oo a
Ceanothus arboreus Greene (1886, p. 144)

Wan PRIA Der MEPS sal ciel hehe CN Cle Ud Ae Oe Sane LP
Ceanothus insularis Eastw. (1927, p. 362)
Watts! GirdianalyMimsoiny ice vu niles ea Aleta cunt tLe RN
Lavatera insularis Wats. (1877, p. 249) ...... Coronado Islands
Saviniona clementina Greene (1911, p. 160) (Lavatera) .......
Saviniona reticulata Greene (1911, p. 161)
Saviniona dendroidea Greene (1911, p. 161) 00.00.02
Lavatera assurgentiflora Kell. (1854, p. 14) ....Anacapa Island
Malvar pusilla (Smt ce i cemiee Cus 1 Teen eke ea A
Malva parviflora W200 WM e lites Santa Barbara Island
Malvastrum catalinense Eastw. (1936, p. 215) ...-cececccec cece
Malvastrum clementinum Munz & Jtn. (1924, p. 296)
Malvastrum exile Gray

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JULY, 1941] PLANTS ON ISLANDS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

Malvastrum nesioticum Rob. (1897, p. 312) .2...00...0 eee
Broaiccalmalvenora (OC. )) Gray cicccctseccescccscecsecesacevicessdesenneeen
URNS ANCA Eg OE) Cos Sa ee cscs kato ind cer esi Bennesniond dav aeacooastltbe
ITE ED Sg Ch ea nn
Helianthemum Greenei Rob. (1895, p. 191) eee
H. occidentale Greene

lenantoemiim: scoparitim Nit. 0... c0ccccccssseccedecsedenareteacecnceenstdees-
Brankenta prandifolia ‘C. & S. 2....::.cc-sce2ec-- Anacapa Island
LS Te S Ce il NRE ol 2S an
TERRE MT AMICLETATSIGH CEL COING. cn 2S ecco los eeepc ede 3h nce ecte acest a cdscndestocsene
lila eZ SUNG aay Cohe ake a Yana Be sal © a i ee
Acrolasia catalinensis Millsp. (1923, p. 177) (Mentzelia) ....
Opuntia Occidentalis Engelm. & Bigel. —.........-W.-----2ses2-----0000
Opuntia littoralis (Engelm.) Ckll. ...... Santa Barbara Island
Opuntia prolifera Engelm. ....Anacapa, Santa Barbara islands
RT MMRTRESP RC ANTES CTU LE anon Seca aaa ocean
(Dearie LESTE Carina, Bs oF) V0 eae ee ae ee a ee gE
SpmmrmetnnGa Onto LG Gy accnk ates ieee ceeeeeeese eee
Zauschneria villosa Greene (1887, p. 27) -......--.-..-c-c-----220s------
Zauschneria cana Greene (1887, p. 28) .......... Anacapa Island
Manisahitientamcalutotiica,: Prest 2.08225 te ee ee
SSG) Face) Coos Tn agG RC) Ae nee ee ee
Peroni agenocaulon ELasskny | .5.2..22..c2-. scents ncenenececceoeaceenene
RerMereeed MOLOSETICCUIT ELON ooo oo ac sedacccececneadontesedeeeacsencoennen
Pra MISH IROL TIS SN Ultte iescnntietc suc acer eed sab esse ce eioe aes eee eee
MB etiter ee OOK Gil et Ge Ge sae eee eS Bye a Le
MENICPHeLAMOLStOnta) NTICG. ¢ espe cececes teen esrecs essence lascestestentes tote:
BBrioileras micrantha seOMmeniy s2.5 kaha see St
(Enothera contorta Dougl. var. epilobioides (Greene) Munz
Ghinothera strieulosa (F--& Mi.) Ts & G. u.2.2 ee
Genothera cheiranthifolia Hornets 2:22:20. 06...ceoc teense ee
Gbinorheray otiadalupersts? VWiatSe acrcecesiesectokescucseessecdeus eosteontesencs
€Hnothera nitida Greene (1887, p. 70) u-.-n2:.:2.0.-c-c2 cee demceenmn ee
Peliniciameleransy DOUG i <2) eae ae ee Aah 2
Goaetia quadrivulnera (Dougl:) ‘Spach ~....2...0.22 0c
Wein) STILE TO ECD Gal [ye pea are Pee Anand eer Bo ee ee
Godetia epilobioides (Nutt.) Wats. -.....2.....20....:cccceceeeeeeeeees
Brelele tte ein pitt Gxt aCe |) OM er eet eee ese erence ent 3 cee eu oe
Monetian Dott SNAC 1.2. ee Me hee pe Ah
eiien lAmVLenZICSH Eis Ge Aci tee ole 2d eee eeee
Sanicula bipinnatifida Dougl. var. Hoffmannii Munz (1932,
PG ) GRE ARS 2 RTE os POS CMY Ey Sand Beaks aaa Ata Re

CUD Ec RUB 211 ee a ceo TE Ee
ABtsvuitit ma tiiatiiin bree kee Cette Re ee, Sete

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68 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY

WMatcusupusil lus ix eee eee ee A ee eee eee
Gaucalissmicrocarpalellpeer Ae en reee ee ee
Bioenteu) tmavyatl panes ell) eee sere ee i re rere eee
Amiastritn yanetistisolium oN itty: feo. 2 0 eons eee ee tee eae
IBowlestanseptentistonalisy Gare wincy etter matey en ee aa
Berula aneustizoliay le.) mi Nilertey Ge tOChi tree ee ee ee
Lomatium: caruifolium: (HH: & A.) CGR. oo
Pomatiumemstlaren@Eastw.) me Mlumz eee eee eee
Peucedanum insulare Eastw. (1898, p. 106)
Mortis: nodosa sGls;)» Gaertn: tee et ee ee ea
Svida catalinensis Millsp. (1923, p. 189) (Cornus) ~..............
Comarostaphylisipolifolia GES Ke) yZucee ee ee
Comarostaphylis diversifolia (Parry) Greene ...................-..-.--
XevLOCOGCUSMOICOLO TIN UIEEs (Aer Le ee alee ne ee ee eae
Arctostaphylos insularis Greene (Parry, 1887, p. 494) ........
Webs, olen IBAA (IEEE (Ds 4) cheater er
Arctostaphylos subcordata Eastw. (1933, p. 61) -.....-.....-.--
Arctostaphylos pechoensis Dudley var. viridissima Eastw.
(LOSS ay O2))) akon ee teen cete este A ARN tec a8 ta Nees
NS CtOstaphiy OSmtOmMentOSa mE AUGS nee es eee ane eee
Ate bithtisl len zits iim Ey lit Silman earns eee ine aN cine eae
Wearecthovketonl Cnyeiibiany IACI tense eased ae re eortns arabe men sseneyae ease
DodecatheonGlevelandiu| Greene 22 eee
Dodecatheonpilendersanig Grays see ee ee ee
Anagallistarvensiswlzee asses neaci cen Salle sed Wrenn
Samolus Vialerandi les vareamentcattis Gray ee crete ee
Cera eN EEN ETS, Saou OUST TUES Ds ee ee ee are
Gentauriume venustum) (Gray) Obese een eee ee
Centaurium Muhlenbergii (Griseb.) Wight ...............2----....---+--
Centaurium exaltatum (Griseb.) Wight ...........0.0..---220-----
VARI CA RTI TIO Tar attests eee ae att LO Ue a Se ae
Statice arctica (Cham.) Blake var. californica (Boiss.) Blake
INSOLE pial SH ITle 1G atte © chin ete cee hea tan Tn 0 TEAL NRE Ld
Philibertia hirtella \(Gray,)) (Parisi. oe Me
Dichondrasrepens|MOrStay sees oe Nee UL cae ene
@ressartruscllensisp ENB Keyes eee hoe eRe eee ee ee eee
ipomecadhederaceat ia cquren seer ks ee es ene ee
GonvolyulusisSol darrell a lance se: a0 0 ee ee eee
Gonvolvalusaryersis) 12:2 a ee eee
Convolvulus (califonnicus M@noisy 246. eee
Convolvulus macrostegius Greene (1885, p. 208)
SUE Se ER SRE ea Santa Barbara, Anacapa islands
Gonvolvulusieyclostegtus House !.2...)4 45 re eee eee
Convolvulus ‘simulans: 12.Mi Perry cic ee ee

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[ VOL. 111, NO. 3

| X aquawary ‘sg

JULY, 1941] PLANTS ON ISLANDS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

NE eT ETTIITE Es, <anscsoycavensinvesnnisocetcerennithcarien tv sncihdcpndettinenicanned
NNT CY ECA. COG) oo.ccoacdencncieeevarnocesssecesncanncseseveonsearenesne
UEMMENUMETITTIONG, FONGCLIT. | cis.cncescncescncsncensatunencoancsseoseorsenniendecvon
PMMA CCICCL TALIS NATISH, | <....ceccceceorsseteeesesessncetncorencansrocacceonenennes
RN I ED CS EL 6 bg cuinacninsivweh chesncwcninscovbivecigno-bnacseenersvanvars
REM TINIE SPCPUBOLIOD, 6 cies sininzcavevvarasosucesveseavasdeceaseduadosivuclwessenacencns
Heliotropium Curassavicum L. ........0...202.......-... Anacapa Island
OL ESRBESE LS C1 2) ln
a RETNA Ean accra aniston nceohoconntaivarusieesbnlajinndncoduneanesen
Pecwearya penicellata (H. & A.) A. DC, ......0:...ccnnscsecccnesoncssece
EMILE VS CANESCENS Benth, .2...n:0ccc-ccccsceesenrcnneocsucestesenenesees
Plagiobothrys arizonicus (Gray) Greene var. catalinensis
MEMS EAT ND) AAS.) caaiSu pe asda cttsiscknntseon waa en aosicdntecondeus
UIERIEIT VS (COOPEYY GAY cnckeccenccmcsonsesasceniactsescrexeecnavosousvenscocsues
Plagiobothrys californicus (Gray) Greene var. gracilis Jtn.
WOME esos e Sic cae coe acc ceedacéuacnss Ssasdattoteds Anacapa Island

eM RTALVESCENS JEG). -ccuececsccnccacccsccseccececcscsvess. Anacapa Island
Cryptantha muricata (H. & A.) Nels. & Macbr. var. Jonesii
OO ES a Anacapa Island
Beresemriteats EEAGIEe Jit. C1925, Pp. 77): occcceacnncnenenccsansessennreneeannesn
Cryptantha micromeres (Gray) Greene .................c::-cscsccsceseee
Cryptantha maritima Greene .................. Santa Barbara Island
Cryptantha intermedia (Gray) Greene ....................2:::::cece0ce0-+
PMRTEASIC TENICEOSEACHYS GLEENE <1..ccecccceccccccnceicetensenccseensnewesnsnecen
Cryptantha ramossissima (Gray) Greene .2000000000.00.020.0.0eeeeees
Cryptantha Clevelandii Greene var. florosa Jtn. -.....00000000.......
eevpeaitha Brandegei Jin. (1925, p. 53). 2. ccnccceccccccccecncnceseensee
Cryptantha ambigua (Gray) Greene ...0...2...00.....c.ccccecsceceeeseeeeees
Amsinckia Evermannii Suks. (1931, p. 78) .....2.2........ccccsceseeeeee
Amsinckia microsperma Suks. (1931, p. 100) 220.2020...
Amsinckia nesophila Suks. (1931, p. 93) ...........c.cccssccsesccsesseseoeee
Amsinckia congesta Suks. (1931, p. 82) .......0.......:.2cscscssseseeesees
Amsinckia catalinensis Suks. (1931, p. 53) -.............ccsssesseseeesee
Amsinckia attenuata Eastw. (Suksdorf, 1931, p. 79) ..0.000.......
Semeserienia AHGilaris Sulks,’ (TOS1, Pp. 75) canna sancsnenccecsieectcvesosiiccnus
Semel waite Staks, (1931, 9.72) xcnicccnccnececcrccoccsececceeees
Amsinckia St. Nicolai Eastw. (1898, p. 109) 200.02.
Amsinckia maritima Eastw. (1898, p. 109) oo... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
SEP eR Ia | Rs A
Nemophila erodiifolia Millsp. (1923, p. 205) 20.00...
PERIOD SNROOUIOSS INGE Se ceieeciatebnasetasenecncicten er onctnisnctetlanen
CLE ger tale a 8s 7 cc
Nemophila insularis Eastw. (1935, p. 282) ..0.........ese-cseseeeseeoeee

enmeia Chr ySagithemifolia Bertha, o.cic sc ec lecescneeeincteetoveencccemneee

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70 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. Ill, NO. 3
72) wn % x
ee
S £ 0 eee
= 5 2) ance

Phacelia grandiflora (Benth.) Gray —-.....-.-.----0 0s e = = ia

Phacelia ys Patty til Otis ete escenario ne ae

Phacelialaviscicam (Be ntlis) pelo tate geese eae ener ==), SC SRS

Phaceliaghispiday Gray. Santa Barbara Island — — — X X —

IPhaceliandistansmoenthiy meee sme Anacapa Island — — — X X X

Phacelia suffrutescens Parry (1884, p. 38) -.....-..-.----------2----- SS = eS =

trace literate SiS Sita clin) U1 el eer pee cere een = 1

Phacelia floribunda Greene (1885, p. 200) -........-....2-2---22-2022------ — SS eS

Phacelia WyontrGray 1(168,"p; GUS) A ee ee + 2

Phacelia ansulatis) Munz) (193i ep. 113); 2 ee ee — xX Xx ==

Phacelia scabrella Greene (1887, p. 35) -....-2---.--2:2:2:--00ee — xX X = = =

Phacelia phyllomanica Gray (1876, p. 87) «..-.-..------2--------0--= Se

Etmmienanthe pendulifiora Benth: 2.2220 De ee ee — = — >

Eriodictyon Traskize Eastw. (1898, p. 131) -.....--------------------- Sr

Gilia Traskie Eastw. (Milliken, 1904, p. 26) ............-....----------- = ar

Gilrave ltimosa (Bem) Grieg eter acerca eee eer ee = = = >a

Gilbey sanriblewoubeney 1 Ge IMIG ee eee Anacapa Island — xX xX xX) 3¢u=

Giliay Newanitn Gray (ISSO; 50)) ce see ee eee eee SSS) EX SG a

Galiaermiul breauliswis errthty eee see ee ee ee gee = a

GiltapirnicranthaS tev eee eee oe eee ee SJ Me Sse S| &

Giltatdianthotdes ts tic leet ee ee eee ree SS —) a

(Gillin, ayncbeosevesn (byeatn,)) Seite, caesar = = <a

Gila bicolor Nit iabrand eo eee ee eee — =) aa

(Gel vevertemn vit © treme Eat Lee eee eee eee = = — Sa

INavatretial toliacea. Greene! aacec-cce faced cs asece ee cece ose eevee cence enecaees =r

Navarretia atractyloides (Benth.) H. & A. -.....22.22..-.1---- = a

INiavanie tiae lia tiatam Gseemey pes: e oes ee eae nee eesecvereee rere — — = = Saiex

fNietivel tes tlcae VAS CLT cae Es et ka gues came ee ne —- — = = xX =

INenaurceinea, mibvawolbte, (Gifretne,)) LBS aCal eee ce eee recente ree =) ar

Solanum Wallacei (Gray) Parish (1901, p. 166) ................. — = <) Sa

Solanum, GlokeyipWitnze (1932.07), D5) ei ee ee cee eee Se ea

S. arborescens Clokey (1931, p. 60)

Solanirimis i Oust siten wilt eee ee ee, Be ere ee = >< xX) aa

FIN COEUR Ae TE LO VAT VV UES can ce re cee Sa

Nicotiana Clevelandt 1Gtay. 225.00 ee EA ee Bee = SS ee

Neo bierticsrerlc tier ite eee tere eee re eee SS Sa

Dattina wmetel Ordesy ll) Gee cee oe Re ce ae eee ree eens = = <a

Petite ar vill trl US Semen ace ee eer rece eee =) = <a

Boyett: Richa J Gray eas a eee, hes anae ce renee tac —_ — — = x

Lycium Hasset Greene (1888, p. 222) 2n..---ccnccce-nceecsteceeetenene —- — — — X =

Lycium verrucosum Eastw. (1898, p. 111) ......-.-----------------1--- xX -—- -—- -—- - =

Lycium californicum Nutt. —........- Santa Barbara Island XxX — — — X X

Wycitam "Piremeorntiny) Garay eos ate cee ae arenes cer cn cremate ere = = <=

—"
ee

JULY, 1941] PLANTS ON ISLANDS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

Linaria canadensis (L.) Dum.-Cours. var. texana (Scheele)
LSTA Dc CS aati, Ss ae Ree Ra OE ee se Ae eee ler ie
Gambelia speciosa Nutt. (1847, p. 149) (Antirrhinum) ..........
Pemeernmiim Nuttallianum Benth, —....0.0.0.---.0.-ccscccocceseneoseense
Pemteerminim wlandilosum Lind]. ~.....0:..2.c-0ccocceeodeoncconeecceenoee
eremamim strictttm (FH. & A.) Gray -..c...--.------cserienconcslecenee
A. Hookerianum Pennell
Scrophularia villosa Pennell (in Millspaugh & Nuttall, 1923,
I a ee a Ee
PeMIISPEMOM COLCIOMUS CTU: 2 ..0ccacsccncccncncecceonscsscmeceeenttenetesoseoscoaus
Berpracreiimearis, (Benth.) Greene ........2...00-ceceerepecteernenctecsennneoee
Diplacus arachnoideus Greene (1885, p. 210) —...0-0-22e
Diplacus parviflorus Greene (1887, p. 36) -.....2.2....2:cc0ecceeeeeeees
Mimulus Flemingti Munz (1935, p. 477)
(8 STC CRE B00) Sel ec
CEES PNG 2 ce ees ee Be
Mimulus latifolius Gray (1876, p. 95) .......... Guadalupe Island
MMMM SPECHIEIAITG, POUL ooo 2. hace sac cnnisencgetvte ncdeooncedeacantonc ate
Mimulus Traskie Grant (in Millspaugh & Nuttall, 1923,
En ee a Age
COL eae ha Cas BS) 5] hc
(rtnocatpus purpurascens Benth: 2.202.
COEF, SELIG (ECR oe) Fe a ee Rn ee
MOPARTS GENSIMOCUS Berth. ci... occcc tcc cececcteeececscesesnececcvotets
fastileia Dougiasii Benth. -......................... Anacapa Island
ate EN 0S eS
Seep. msularis Bastw. (1936, p. 238). ..<cc-scccncwcenecteecea---
Pemmeentenoiosa E & As et
Castilleja hololeuca Greene (1887, p. 38) ...... Anacapa Island
ES ST ESE] S URE 280 2 cna ee te so ne
Peer ea stornica Abrams —j6- so
SME MEMREDICEROE SESCHELr 0c ire) 2 Oe) te ee
0 SEATTLE 21 (a
V. prostrata of authors.
IIIT AOMACCCRO CR NAICS cco AS
Micromeria Chamissonis (Benth.) Greene ~.........00000022.0000--....-
Sphacele fragrans Greene (1887, p. 38) -....2....0....22:cesececeeeeeee-
PIREIMICIIE A Bets ee eee ad ok i a te
emmmrateare, Walmate bs, ote Re
RRR ATATOCICIC ARE Bog a acc
SME EES BE en a ek Se Se eee de ee
USE e rg © cll 21 01? 5 0 ce a
Dalvia mellifera Greene ..........-.----0n0----n-ee-- Anacapa Island
elie FONESIO ITN zy an he es one tal Ls ee

SB[OJIN 'S

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72 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. Ill, NO. 3
mm me
Salvia Japiatia Pepss) ccc fe ee eee eB cee area = = — a
Salvia Brandegei\ Manz (1932, p./69): 2-2 — = 36
Salvia: leucophylla Greene: 22205 Se a eo —- —- —- xX —- =
Salvia Palmeri (Gray) Greene .............. weer th ee mas e (ees oad — = = =
Monardellanlanceola tain Giays ee re ee eee —_ =| —+ =| xX =
Scutellatiatuberosa sls ently: pecs eres ieee eee ee =
Stachys acuminata Greene (1887, p. 410) ......-...-..-.ss0c-see--- — — xX xX = =
@ropanche caltfornica CG Sane ee eee —_ = X = = =
@robanche ‘GrayatiaG, Beck 267 2.31 cer ho cet ene —- —- x —- -—- =
@robancheytascicuilatey INE ee cee eee eee eee =i) = 56 Gea
@robanche? bul bosa Gis Beck reece cere seen eee — = x xX) >a
Orobanche uniflora L. var. Sedi (Suks.) Achey .................... = = = x Sa
Piantago: Bisclovit (Gray. Re es —-— — XX = xX =
Plantae onbintella et BAK sess et Fe ee eee = XX Koa
Plantasoyerecta (NOE GIS) ce oe eas ntereete Se ceedhan ee aceoneee eee — = xX <a
Plantago instlacis Hastw ((1898.ip. 112)) 2 XK =] ) = =e
ABLE na tee kegeparoote boil ah ets) Ml Dexia tee vase a Umit ure RSE saab BusneM One eR oss SoA POEL LS — = <— Sa
Led erate WeKo) CONEGRY IWC) ORS) a cases rete eee er ee eee ocean oes —- -—- —- — X =
Plantag om baris trina ree ae —- —- —- — X =
BAR Vat oehego se) sven 0 age Wey, eer pare Re pe a Renae Oe ue REF Sere ere —- —- —- X —- =
Pilantas or Coromo psi lie eee ee cenaee ee eee —- —- —- —- xX =—
Plantapo speciosa Morris) 2.200.) kts Anacapa Island — — — — X —
Plantacomheterop lay lla mIN itty ese acrcee ce tac eee ae aun cecnee eee reereens —- Xx X —- -—- =
Spal oyber, Train gree) 1D) Ce 1 le cee cee ese acer esr meee — = Sai
Symphonicagpos mollis INGtt) ee ee oc eee —- —- XxX XxX xX =
Bonicera hispida Wot soc a ce ceenceeaae — xX = Kye
Var. Sibspicatal (tas ec Ac) tatay ion...) set ee ee eee ee —- —- —- xX =—- =
Lonicera catalinensis Millsp. (1923, p. 252) .........---------:--0-0----- —- —- — — X =
(Gaibiiton allaormanvebreay Lal, (ee NG Be ae tone ome sboeceeeertae — = = Sex
(Gatlin Ata reitne play ee eects eee ee PEIeN Speier tes x x Ke Gad
Galium catalinense Gray (1886, p. 445) -........---.------+---0-eceet-e= — XxX =) Rear
Galium buxifolium Greene (1886, p. 150) -.0....22.2.2-2.----2-----0----- —- XxX —- xX =—- =
Galium miguelense Greene (1887, p. 34) -.....-.-.----2--------------— = <> SS——
Galstmale Niattalllinin Girayies eee rene ees Anacapa Island — — X X XK —
Galium flaccidum Greene (1887, p. 34) -......--...------::2:0-000e0e-= — —|—- = XX = Sa
Galium siccatum Wight (1900, p. 54) 20-200: cee eee —_ — % <n
Galinmarrovstitolani Nitty. t nee peerage, — = Sa
var. foliosum Hilend & Howell (1934, p. 134)
Sromebeies van b Mota \ ah ebay FAME RES Bt i Anacapa Island — — xX ~ —
Maral cuadalupensis (Wats;)) Dunn 222.22 EPSON =o
Megarrhiza guadalupensis Wats. (1876, p. 115)
Marah ¥macrocarpa (Greene) i citi peer rere eee x «<x (XS ae
Marah major, Dunn (1913) p. 151) 2.22 eee x - —- — xX Xe
Cucurbita’ foetidissima HBR. As) eee ee eee eee SS = —) x ee

JULY, 1941] PLANTS ON ISLANDS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

merase Diora (R. & P.) Fo & Ma oncs.ecccccsccccccetescncsssinveccesoseee
ES GTEC, OGM 0 | eo
BemOmmin epectlarioides Nutt. ...........:-...c0-s-cccscsocesoveseoscarscnseamaser
a 2 Nia! Do oS ate ee SL
SUES Sag ic> tt a Anacapa Island
SEO RS cee ee ees, le ae OD
TM OTACCUS Bo, secs ceseecccnencinesevoonrs Santa Barbara Island
Malacothrix saxatilis (Nutt.) T. & G. var. tenuifolia ( Nutt.)

7 i EE ae ean Anacapa Island
Malacothrix Clevelandii Gray ......................-. Anacapa Island
NMNIUMER AM CARTE ONINCA DC x. .ccnscocciccecsemcncnn cos sdsnstnensonsen anancaer anor nee
Malacothrix Coulteri Gray var. cognata Jepson (1925, p.

poe) EI A sap en ene Re SR ea
Malacothrix incana (Nutt.) T. & G. (1841, p. 435) 20.
Malacothrix insularis Greene (1885, p. 194) 000.00
Malacothrix foliosa Gray (1886, p. 455)

a. weeds jacket ae eee Santa Barbara Island
Malacothrix indecora Greene (1886, p. 152) 2.02200
Malacothrix squalida Greene (1886, p. 152) -..02222202---20-.-------

Malacothrix implicata Eastw. (1898, p. 113)..Anacapa Island
Malacothrix Blairii Munz & Jtn. (as Stephanomeria, 1924,

155 SUNS oo aS 3 ARE res SO 28s ee ee 8
PO Sen Re et fas) Ci ol C7 (= (cr
Agoseris heterophylla (Nutt.) Greeme -2.200.2200.2.2..--:eccceseeeeeeeeeees
Agoseris grandiflora (Nutt.) Greene .....0..22.2.0.2..20.2cc-ceceeeeeeeeeee
Sermmmrirenas Viroata Escrito ci onesies ttc net cet le neces
ES 3a a | ce ce ne
Stephanomeria tomentosa Greene (1886, p. 152) 0.02000...
Bemaatwmneria Paniculata Nott incessant cette ccecetectceoeen
Hieracium argutum Nutt. —..020002020..0..... Santa Barbara Island
Memeramenti Grintiellit Fast w.. -.....0.cicccecceeeeceiedaneesensnnnnsnenvnreetanesee
menceonetis linearifolia (DC.) Schultz —.....2.......2-...-.-.0--
Memercperia apliantocarpha Gray aca ncis cecccccencicecrecencterinecerernnene
US SB ely fea C5) i
emreeras tottiaievy CDC.) Gray ance enter een
SELES OS ce. eee ee eee es
EERE LCSEATAS CECT N alder rtleindatnicl bend
Calais pluriseta Greene (1887, p. 34) (Microseris) —..............
i eMETIEE CNETICAELARES VV CD), cco ceca se cacinaviereneenenseenienercin
EEO UNICO wer ton ii § |; pc
IEEE SONG ROECSERE NS To es
SE SSI IR ASTI a RS
NICE St NRECAINEL ODS. S23 So a
Senta CAMMGTINGH FevOD, oe

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x X X

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|

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74 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY

Franseria bipiinatitida Nutt, es Anacapa Island
Var dtbiia astw Cleo, Peels) eee sseseccecc eee ecw eee
Pranseria, Chamissomis less. see cce te ede ts eter cee
WAN uVASCIda Weastw MC LOS etl) cert ee ke eet Bees
Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr. -....... Santa Barbara Island
Brickellia californica (T. & G.) Gray ............ Anacapa Island
Hieterotheca verasicitttorc VINEE) fee ee ites sceaceceace ns
iIPentachzeta We yonin Graven lSSOs p44 0) eters cee eee esate
Solidagoucaltiornrea iN itty ies et ete Pen secs canst sts
Corethrogyne lavandulacea Greene (1910, p. 27) .......-..------
Corethrogyne filaginifolia (H. & A.) Nutt. ........0.000....
Valeiarobtista y Greene wn sere sek ee see ree need eee
Walawinwata mb enehe)y Grays. portato. othe on neeee eeee ee
Haplopappus\iercoides (ess. Ti. 1& As se Or
Haplopappus venetus (HBK.) Blake var. furfuraceus
Greene) eMiuniz ieee ae eat eee ee AUR Gee
Big ell owvan faut frre Gi C1 Cacao ean occ ee anne cee ene
Haplopappus) Graskize Pastw. (1931, p. 156): 2.222
iBlevarcahia, Sequersose: Cal, Se AN.) (GRSCNS ccccteostesersocecoseetcee creer
IBlawzyealiay zine, (Gina) (GISSKS) eee cer cece ore eee oce
Elazandiamdetonsalm Grete meters eee ena Sees
Ela zardialese terete Gr Cen ene ere eset cee ee ee ce eee ete eee
NSGEOMMAAVE ETO MONG ES NES tamer eee seen ene
lsocomavsedtoidesm Greene ees eet ees
Tsocoma datitoliavsGreene C1906, ps 172)) <2
Grindelia latifolia Kell. (1873, p. 36) -.......... Anacapa Island
Grindeliayperennisi7A’ Niels) oes er ees a evctneteeee
(Grindeliavarentcolamsteyetiiie talc mare came sree enna ee or eae
Grindelia robusta Nutt. var. platyphylla Greene
aah EIR ERNE SLR ANY n OME tA ce Reed Dee ie Anacapa Island
IASte TNC latlem SiS a NICe Sitters tetas ae etree rhe ene RR esa
PNG ere (eb ce NNT] BUS sk OAC Ts ae Ae aa pee RE
PANSY ne GeV G UU URH ANDES Cpige Nit hase mare se Sata ne eye APs ee eRe are a
Erigeron stenophyllus Nutt. -............-..----.-- Anacapa Island
FSriserOnucanacensSismle eee aerate ee UE ee tenets
[Droterexvave thrarnyey bres. WaViealy: te
[Diysifeqernoyay Grate eraT WAVES, Goce eee
Erivetonselanicus ern etme es ee cal Anacapa Island
Baccharisitvimineawl) Cage ve cet eee ke en eee ta nae
le Yeciienatyie Droybredeisyil ID Gs Bee a
Baccharismeleammencem Girciyee er eee eee
IBACCHAGISMCONS atl oii ricci), © meee eee nee eee ns eee eves eres eee
ConyzaiCoulteriiGrayi sere ane fury eee eres es
Antheriis\(Cotul alley psp cna see ies kas Ra eee te

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JULY, 1941] PLANTS ON ISLANDS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

mn wn
ae
Achillea lanulosa Nutt. .......... Anacapa, Santa Barbara islands «
Berereanitnemiim COLOnariutny Ly, <i..srcsccsecoccedeseccosesacceceranceerecomseeooun S12
MPPMEARIETIOMIUI IPUtESCENS Li, -.-..:..<.ccovcsecccsnsovacoceneoncacearscravesseneeeece —_- —
RIPE SUAVCOLEHS EXUIGII in cccnocinsennconnacr cenceoracoonncosnsrovseraccsereusane —
Artemisia californica Less. var. insularis (Rydb.) Munz
oot eh Ree a a Santa Barbara, Anacapa islands x xX
Crossostephium insulare Rydb. (1916, p. 244)
PemremiistaenererOpiivila, Nitty: 22.26) .c2 ctorcssccecc-cetcestccsrnsennseebeavsate te
A. Douglasiana Besser
PrMrennIstanOLacunculoides PUrshy o2..)i-cle<cqsnceccrnmsncnocnceonsensaraecacsoce —_ —
REPENS ESMIGOWICIATIA: NUE. ..c.-:sa:ecnsecxrass-acalecerasccacuenesnsrneobecnodtene _- —
Baniamaustralisy (Sieb:) ELOOK:: £2 (ici 2elict he ccecscsececdescndecccccensecsees —_— —
MET ME OROTIO MILO ah Nise x cse8 oc ce 8b some acsevashecah clones ssesecacsncusdeedtezeseoctsc mis ISS
MerritnicamGannOsay (lSeSS:)) GLA ta: o.sacecccescscce sce cc oosace oseeuceccseaccsevasecs — x
BREE et STAN CALDESTONMES 1) Ge asses oes coc ccccecsuesavecoasidencs¥t daccSiss Jecucharsdnccene —
Fi LL S0e E) NSTC iL | Ge aa a ne ae on ee —_ —
Relea eATTRUASPATITN US oer, ee ee eee eae eee eee Ee a _-_ —
REEMA GLeChe (feo a — x
Beria Palmeri Gray var. clementina Gray (1886, p. 452) ...... <x
GG Sa eet 95 Uh rao De AR oo le Pe _ —
Amblyopappus pusillus H. & A. 2200. Anacapa Island x xX
Perityle Greenei Rose (1890, p. 117)
oi te ees Anacapa, Santa Barbara islands — —
P. Emoryi of authors
REN TIPETS LETAUII FON ea «IN Ut ccc 2 bcc cnsccatetasccosaelarsacscccasanesvadensacteceetare — =
Eriophyllum Nevinii Gray (1886, p. 452) ....2222.22.-.e..-eeeeeeeoe _- —
Eriophyllum confertiflorum (DC.) Gray ...... Anacapa Island — xX
cine, TE barb §COS ab ree tek Gy oe Gey ep ee ene a —_ —
Pacer Eraixeenn CIN UEE: Gray soo eset cccccinadete arses ce sdennnnene -_- —
Eriophyllum stechadifolium Lag. ........0.......... Anacapa Island — —
var. depressum Greene (1887, p. 404) -....22.....2.2e-ceeeeeeeeees i
Mea TT PCIETINCA SIN GLEE: aac occ cabs cescdus-csce rend epttcececenopesvetvasenndtteastnbe =e
Coreopsis gigantea (Kell.) Hall .......0.0.0.0....... Anacapa Island x xX
Leptosyne gigantea Kell. (1873, p. 198)
mmesespetina gtacile (Tort.) Gray: -.-n.--.-cc.----nacescssnecsnceeotaceetes —_- —
BE TT RE 7) Se ce —_ —
Bemmeareatinora (Nutt) To & Gagnon eschew —_-_ —
EESTI ENMU gS) 0 i C5 Crs |. pe ns —_ —
Hemizonia clementina Brandg. (1899, p. 70.)

San Ee en be Pee be Anacapa, Santa Barbara islands K —
Memmatmpiiigs voatnrciitata, Gray, oo oes cals tet e —
(CO TENE Coe Lola tse Fai > «5 ie a —_ —
Seemmeonia fasciculata (DC.) T. & Ge a2: cccectisccete cee etesncenen — x

var. ramosissima (Benth.) Gray ....Santa Barbara Island — —

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76

LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY

Eayiavelandulosa Chiook) Wy Ga Aerts eee eee
ayia platyglossa Cio Gray lee a cea a dace scence tev
Achyracheetia mollis SChaver G.c.c-5 no e-cee-chtenene oe ceaeeeecneeeseesee

Styloclinesonmaphalioidesm Nii tapes eee eseae enna eee eee

IPsilocanphis tenes Nici teeters eee nee eae

Rel aponcal sonia Nts eek ee eee ences ee carer eee a eee

Filago arizonica Gray

Micropuscalitormicus i). GoM. c ee ee

Evax caulescens Benth. var. humilis Jeps. -..... Cee ean ee ee

Gnaphaligmipalustre Wattessoe ess ne ete ee a a

Graphene ee tle cnr a lee ere ere eee oe ee

Gnapialiunt bicolor) Etoletites ss eee hare e meats ee

Gnhaphaliumpealitonnrerinal) Cygne ee se

CG tiapirhiiitran VV STOR CE AV cre hese ce see eae

Gnaphaliumpmicroceplial unm yNiitty eee eee

Gnaphialitimaramosyssimicinaly Nitattiapeeee eee eee eee

Gnaphalium chilense Spreng. ........................-.. Anacapa Island

Vatacontertioliumi Greener secre eee ee
Gnaphalium beneolens Dav. (1918, p. 17) ..0...2-.......-.ceeceeseeeeeeees
AMPEIN ORIN trem reeeeey (AU) 1, We NSIS ceccscg coor eee
Piticheameatn pic ta tem (bles) ll) Oapeuenrsn eens sn a ieletenie ere ee
Plivchearsenicea, Nutt.) (Gove on ee ls hs
Senecton oul asiny i) Ge getascstetcre cette reas een naee eee cance aca ste
Senecio luyonGray: C1886, ps 454) cscs-o.ssecsanta-c fosecncsooteccscdesshance
Senecioraphanactism Greene sess ecco see eee eee,

Senecio vulgaris L. ...

Bepidospartumiesauamatim Gray) -eccscece cesses eee eee

GirsiamiuoccidentalenCNitutt)) pepSs eee ee es

Girsimmeoccidentale vate tree ee eee a ee eee

(irsimm \calitorniceums (Gray 8 ee isos Pe ee

Cicstum—Comibert iat: Gr Gt aye racnec ccs caesar sass eae Reso eee 2
Cnicus lilacinus Greene (1887, p. 404) .2...............ceccecececeeseceeeeeees
Spiliy bo titra eV a ede ea tata) GACT EIS 2 caoc ccotac te ccenoaic ee kcotdrc tee neces nteaece

Cynara Scolymus L. ...

@entaureatmelitensisi Tey ee ee eo

Centaurea solstitialis ile. er ee ie es ee ey ee

Perezia microcephala (MGC): Gray cave .ctcccetoncea ck eee eee

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JULY, 1941] PLANTS ON ISLANDS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 77

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abrams, L. R. Fl. Los Angeles and Vicinity, 1917.
Bentham, G. Bot. Voyage H. M. S. Sulphur, 1844.
Brandegee, K. Erythea, vol. 5, 1897.
Brandegee, T. S. Flora of the Santa Barbara Islands. Proc. Calif. Acad.
Sci., ser. 2, vol. 1, 1888.
Flora of the Californian Islands. Zoe, vol. 1, 1890.
Island flora notes. Erythea, vol. 7, 1899.
Britton, N. L. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903.
Clokey, I. W. Notes on the flora of Santa Cruz Island. Bull. S. Calif.
Acad. Sci., vol. 30, 1931.
Coville, F. V. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 7, 1892.
Davidson, A. Erythea, vol. 2, 1894.
Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. 16, 1917; vol. 17, 1918; vol. 27, 1928.
Davidson, A., and Moxley, G. L. Fl. S. Calif., 1923.
Dunn, S. T. Kew Bull., no. 4, 1913.
Eastwood, A. Notes on the plants of San Nicolas Island. Proc. Calif.
Acad. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 1, 1898.
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, vol. 32, 1905.
Handbook of the trees of California. Calif. Acad. Sci. Occas. Paper
no. 9, 1905.
Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 16, 1927; vol. 20, 1931.
Leafl. West. Bot., vol. 1, 1933, 1936.
Engelmann, G. Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. 3, 1877—78.
Gray, A. Proc. Amer. Acad., vol. 11, 1876; vol. 20, 1884; vol. 21, 1886.
Synop. Fl. N. Amer. ed. 2, suppl., vol. 1, pt. 2, 1886; vol. 2, pt. 1, 1886.
Grant, A. L. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., vol. 11, 1924.
Greene, E. L. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, vol. 9, 1882.
Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. 1, 1884—86.
Notes on the botany of Santa Cruz Island. Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci.,
vol. 2, 1887.
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, vol. 13, 1886.
Catalogue of the flowering plants of the Island of San Miguel. Pit-
tonia, vol. 1, 1887.
Pittonia, vol. 2, 1889—92.
West American Oaks, 1889.
Erythea, vol. 1, 1893.
Pittonia, vol. 3, 1896—98.
Pittonia, vol. 5, 1902—05.
Leafl. Bot. Obs., vol. 1, 1903—06; vol. 2, 1910—12.
Hilend, M., and Howell, J. T. Leafl. West. Bot., vol. 1, 1934.
Hoffmann, R. Notes on the flora of the Channel Islands off Santa Barbara.
Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. 31, 1932.
Hoover, R. F. Amer. Midl. Nat., vol. 22, 1939.

78 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. Ill, NO. 3

Howell, J. T. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 21, 1935.
Jepson, W. L. Man. FI. Pl. Calif., 1923—25.
Fl. Calif., vol. 2, 1936.
Johnston, I. M. Contrib. Gray Herb., new ser. no. 74, 1925; no. 75, 1925.

Kellogg, A. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. 1, 1854; vol. 2, 1859; vol. 4, 1871;
vol. 5, 1873.
The Hesperian, 1860.

Kennedy, P. B. Muhlenbergia, vol. 9, 1913.

Lyon, W. S. Flora of our south-western archipelago and list of flowering
plants from Santa Catalina and San Clemente islands. Bot. Gaz.,
vol. 9, 1886.

Mason, H. L. Madrofo, vol. 2, 1930.

Milliken, J. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., vol. 2, 1904.

Millspaugh, C. F., and Nuttall, L. W. Flora of Santa Catalina Island.
Field Mus. Bot. Ser., vol. 5, 1923.

Munz, P. A. Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. 31, 1932.
Man. S. Calif. Bot., 1935.
Munz, P. A., and Johnston, I. M. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, vol. 51, 1924.

Nuttall, T. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., new ser., vol. 7, 1841.
Jour. Philad. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 1, 1847.

Parry, C. C. Proc. Davenport Acad. Sci., vol. 4, 1884.
Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. 2, 1887.
Robinson, B. L. In A. Gray, Synop. Fl. N. Amer., vol. 1, pt. 1, fasc. 1,
1895; fasc. 2, 1897.
Rose, J. N. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard., vol. 3, 1903.
Bot. Gaz., vol. 15, 1890.
Rossbach, R. P. Rhodora, vol. 42, 1940.

Rydberg, P. A. N. Amer. FI., vol. 22, pt. 1, 1905; vol. 34, pt. 3, 1916.
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, vol. 44, 1917.

Standley, P. C. Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb., vol. 12, 1909.
Steyermark, J. A. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., vol. 21, 1934.
Suksdorf, W. Werdenda, vol. 1, nos. 5—8, 1931.

Trask, B. Field notes from Santa Catalina Island. Erythea, vol. 7, 1899.
Flora of San Clemente Island. Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci., vol. 3, 1904.

Watson, S. Proc. Amer. Acad., vol. 11, 1876; vol. 12, 1877; vol. 14, 1879;
vol. 20, 1885.

Wight, W. F. Zoe, vol. 5, 1900.

GENERAL WorKS

Holder, C. F. Channel Islands of California, 1910.
Rider, F. California, 1925.

JULY, 1941] PLANTS NEW TO CALIFORNIA 79

PLANTS NEW TO CALIFORNIA

BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

In June, 1940, Miss Eastwood and I took a collecting trip
to Modoc County, and on our return to San Francisco we visited
both the Carson and Ebbetts passes in Alpine County. Five
specimens from our collections seem to represent plants not
reported heretofore for the flora of California, two introduced
and three indigenous.

PHALARIS TUBEROSA L. var. STENOPTERA (Hack.) Hitche.
This grass was collected from large vigorous clumps that grew
along the highway at Williams, Colusa Co. (Eastwood & Howell
No. 7875). It is noted in Hitchcock, Man. Grasses U. S., p. 534,
as a cultivated grass in California. In 1938, I collected speci-
mens of it near Loleta, Humboldt Co., which were determined
by Mrs. Agnes Chase, who wrote that, to her knowledge, the
collection was the first from plants growing spontaneously in
the United States (Howell No. 13721). The determination of the
present collection was verified by Dr. J. R. Swallen.

MUILLA TRANSMONTANA Greene. Along the road that tra-
verses Hope Valley, Alpine Co., and ascends the east slope of
Carson Pass, this liliaceous plant was quite common (Eastwood
& Howell No. 8477). It was originally described from near
Reno, Nevada, and has been found along the east slope of the
Sierra Nevada beyond Lake Tahoe, so this report of its occur-
rence in California is scarcely startling.

AvisMA Geyer!I Torr. This water-plantain, too, is a plant
the occurrence of which in California was to be anticipated. It
is a widely distributed plant of wet places through the northern
United States and by us was collected at Likely, Modoc Co.
(Eastwood & Howell No. 8037). The small rosy-pink flowers
of the short inflorescence are attractive and not like the flowers
in other Alismacee in California.

CryPTANTHA Watsont (Gray) Greene. On high subalpine
slopes adjacent to both the Carson and Ebbetts passes, this borage
was found (Eastwood & Howell No. 8435 and No. 8556). It is

80 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 3

widespread in the western states and yet no record of its occur-
rence in California has been seen by us in the literature.

SALVIA AtTHIOPIS L. This exotic mint, a native of southern
Europe and the Near East, was found along the Eagle Lake
road near Susanville, Lassen Co. (Eastwood & Howell 8330).
Other Californian collections in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. have
been made in Plumas County by Mrs. Clemens in 1919 and 1920
and by Miss Eastwood in 1927. Several collections in the Dudley
Herbarium from the vicinity of Lakeview, Lake Co., Oregon,
would seem to indicate the prevalence of this weed near the
northeast corner of California.*

Notes oN Potycarpon. The indigenous Californian species
of Polycarpon, P. depressum Nutt., is occasional in southern
California; but in central California it has been known in the
literature from only a single collection from the Pajaro Hills,
Monterey County (cf. Jepson, Fl. Calif. 1:496). In Herb. Calif.
Acad. Sci., there are specimens from two other stations that may
be recorded: dunes, Monterey, Monterey County, Clemens in
1919; burn in chaparral near the Pinnacles, San Benito County,
J.T. Howell m 1931.

The introduced species of Polycarpon in California, P. tetra-
phyllum L., is not uncommon about habitations in central Cali-
fornia, but for southern California it is listed by Munz (Man.
S. Calif. Bot., 165) as “reported from Santa Barbara.” The
following two collections from Los Angeles County are in Herb.
Calif. Acad. Sci.: Sawtelle, Walther in 1926; Redondo Beach,
L. S. Rose in 1940. It is interesting that Mr. Rose found both
P, tetraphyllum and P. depressum growing together on sandy
flats near the beach. What a long and varied evolutionary history
these two plants have experienced since genetic divergence first
appeared in their common progenitor, a divergence that resulted
in their differentiation and initiated those prolonged migrations
that now bring them together again on the beach at Redondo !—
John Thomas Howell.

* Since writing this paragraph, I have found that T. S. Brandegee re-
(Zoe 4: 158), But since the plant is not listed In the floras nor in Robbing’
treatment of “Alien Plants Growing without Cultivation in California”

(Univ. Calif. Agric. Exper. Sta. Bull. No. 637, 1940), the plant is “new” to
most of us and should be noted anyway.

Vor. III No. 4

a

LEAFLETS

of
WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS

PAGE

A New Species of Cymopterus from Nevada . . . . 81
R. C. BARNEBY

Interesting Western Plantsn—VI . . . . . . . 83
Puiuie A. Munz

Summerpectes Of Castiuleya- sj. ) 2 oh) Set Tet ea |
Avice EAstwoop

SE | Eerie oe Se Me ec inap make |f.
A. A. HELLER

eaten in Eiirelia— TS ag Me ge ngs

JoHN THomas Howe.

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
Novemser 6, 1941

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the
native flora of western North America, appearing about four
times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single
numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco,
California.

Cited as

LEAFL. WEsT. Bort.

peer eek UU

INCHES

CTT

Owned and published by

Auice Eastwoop and JoHN THoMAsS HowELu

NOVEMBER, 1941] CYMOPTERUS FROM NEVADA 81

A NEW SPECIES OF CYMOPTERUS FROM NEVADA

BY 'R. €. BARNEBY
i.)

Cymopterus Ripleyi Barneby, spec. nov., C. deserticole Bdg. a quo
fructus adeo minoris obovato-cuneati indumento magis copioso facieque
commissurali profundius excavata et presertim foliis palmatim 3-ternatis,
segmentis latis congestis nec 2—3-pinnatifidis satis diversus, affinis.

Herba perennis acaulescens demissa lete lutescenti-viridis ovario
fructuque exceptis glaberrima: foliis pedunculisque czspitosis e collo sub-
terraneo caudicis verticalis validi orientibus, inferne petiolis fibrosis per-
sistentibus laxiuscule vaginatis: pseudoscapo nullo: foliis patulis crassis
lucidis levissimis (in herbario exsiccatione corrugata epidermis sub-
scaberula videtur), superne pallide viridibus subtus discoloribus vel
glaucescentibus, petiolo striato 5—9 cm. longo suffultis; lamina ambitu
suborbiculari-cordata diametro 2—4 (5) cm. lata et equilonga in segmenta
3 primaria late flabellato-cuneata palmatim ternata, segmentis lateralibus
sessilibus mediano in petiolulum rachin simulantem sensim attenuato, omni-
bus iteratim 1- vel 2-ternatis laciniis ultimis 3—7 mm. longis fere equilatis
integris vel sepius 3-dentatis dentibus late ovalibus ad apicem truncatis
vel abrupte acutis mucrone cartilagineo albido 0.5 mm. longo apiculatis :
pedunculis validis striatis ad anthesin suberectis folia mox excedentibus
demum fructibus onustis procumbentibus sub umbella purpurascentibus :
bracteis involucri (vel involucelli unici) dimidiati paucis lineari-acuminatis
1—3 mm. longis scariosis 1-nerviis floribus occultis: floribus numerosis-
simis sterilibus fertilibusque commixtis subsessilibus vel pedicello vix
1 mm. longo insidentibus radiis primariis umbellularumque omnino abortis
in capitulum globosum ca. 1 cm. fructiferum ad 1.5—2.0 cm. accrescentem
latum arctissime congestis; dentibus calycinis evidentibus deltoideis per-
sistentibus; petalis supra unguiculum tenuissimum abrupte expansis apice
longe acuminatis inflexis viridibus vel plus minusve brunneo-tinctis, mar-
ginibus pallide membranaceis leviter undulatis reflexis : staminibus exsertis :
antheris flavis : ovario iam statu iuvenili pubescente: fructu dorsaliter valde
compresso 6—7 mm. longo, 3—4 mm. lato; mericarpiis obovatis basin versus
plus minusve cuneato-angustatis olivaceis, facie interna profundiuscule
excavatis fibroso-lepidotis carina filiformi alba percursis, ala crassa obtusa
spongioso-suberosa e costis lateralibus constituta cinctis, costis intermediis
et dorsali albis filiformibus vel rarius parum incrassato-productis basin
versus plerumque confluentibus, omnibus pilis filamentosis multicellulari-
bus (presertim superne) conspicue pubescentibus ; vittis minutis in quoque
intervallio 2, secundum commissuram 4.

NEVADA: in deep sand-dunes seven miles south of Calla-
way, in northeast Nye County, alt. 5150 ft., 26 May 1941.
Ripley & Barneby No. 3626. Type in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci.,
No. 290392. Also in drifting sands of the plateau north of
Cactus Peak, about twenty miles southeast of Tonopah, Nye

County, alt. 5250 ft., 3 June 1941, No. 3728.

Leafi. West. Bot., Vol. III, pp. 81-96, November 6, 1941.

82 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 4

Cymopterus Ripleyi var. saniculoides Barneby, var. nov. A typo,
cui habitu foliorumque forma persimilis, pedunculis longioribus folia iam
ad anthesin excedentibus, capitulis sepissime minoribus 0.5—0.9 cm. tantum
latis, floribus antherisque atro-purpureis et presertim mericarpiis breviori-
bus 3—6 mm. longis pro rata latioribus nunc et suborbicularibus purpuras-
centibus facie externa undique pube crebriore necnon longiore pulcherrime
sericeo-villosis differt. Transitum ad C. deserticolam fortasse prebet.

Nevapa: denuded white alkaline-calcareous gravel hills at
the base of the Spotted Range towards Frenchman Flat,
southern Nye County, alt. 3200 ft., 13 May 1941. No. 3429,

type, Herb. Calif Acad. Sci. No. 290391.

Cymopterus Ripleyi is rather abundant in the type locality
where it grows scattered among shrubs in deep sand with Rumex
venosus Pursh, Cenothera pallida Lindl., an apparently un-
described Astragalus and annual species of Gilia and Lupinus.
Later it was seen to occur over a much larger area of the high
sandy plateau southeast of Tonopah, but here the individual
plants were less frequent. The peduncles and petioles are largely
buried beneath the surface of the soil and the globose heads of
apple-green flowers stand erect among the lucent leaves which
are expanded to lie flat on the sand. In the structure of the fruit,
in which the lateral ribs are conspicuously thickened, spongy in
texture and very obtuse, it comes close to C. deserticola Bdg.,
a rare species known from two very restricted localities in the
southern Mohave Desert of California, and it seems to find much
more distant affinities in C. megacephalus Jones, C. globosus
Wats., or the high montane C. cinerarius A. Gray, the other
species with globose inflorescence. The form of the leaves, how-
ever, is quite characteristic and distinct. While in C. deserticola
the triangular leaf-blade is finely bipinnatifid into small remote
lobes with an elongated rachis, C. Ripleyi has suborbicular leaves
with the blade 2—3-ternate, the segments broadly cuneate and
often overlapping, in this respect much resembling the foliage
of C. (Aulospermum) basalticus Jones.

The two collections cited are remarkably constant, though
in both the fruit is somewhat variable in size. Owing to the
congestion of the flowers, there is little space for the develop-
ment of perfect fruits and they are often asymmetrical, dwarfed
or twisted at maturity.

The proposed variety saniculoides, while closely resembling
C. Ripleyi in habit, appears to represent a distinct race. The

NOVEMBER, 1941 ] WESTERN PLANTS 83

black-purple coloration of the flowers, a character which is shared
by C. deserticola, suffuses alike the petioles, peduncles and fruit ;
moreover the heads are usually smaller and on longer stems
while the very small mericarps are strikingly silky-pubescent,
the long silvery indument showing to great advantage against the
purplish body of the seed. The variety seemed to be much rarer
than the type, being confined to a small area of low alkaline
hills denuded of vegetation save for a scattering of a very
glaucous form of Polygala subspinosa Wats. and Phacelia
Parishii A, Gray, and even here the individuals were few. The
station is two thousand feet lower than the sandy plateau in-
habited by the typical form and some fifty miles farther south.

Cymopterus Ripleyi is named for Mr. H. D. Ripley, an
authority on the flora of Spain and an enthusiastic collector in
the Southwest, who first found and recognized this remarkable
little umbellifer as an undescribed species.

INTERESTING WESTERN PLANTS—VI*

BY PHILIP A. MUNZ
1 ‘ ‘
Pomona College, Claremont, California

STIPA ARIDA Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 5:725
(1895). Collected June 1, 1938, at 4000 ft. in Echo Canyon,
Funeral Mts., Inyo Co., California, M. French Gilman No. 3006.
Known heretofore from “southwestern Colorado, Utah, and
Arizona” (Hitchcock, Man. Grasses U. S., 437,—1935). The
Gilman collection matches the type (Jones No. 5377 from Marys-
vale, Utah) in every detail except in greater height of culms and
length of leaves, but does not much exceed the measurements
given by Hitchcock.

BETULA FONTINALIs Sarg., Bot. Gaz. 31: 239 (1901). This
species has been known in California from the Sierra Nevada
of Inyo Co. and from the White Mts. (cf. McMinn, Illus. Man.
Calif. Shrubs, 74,—1939), but the first collection from the Pana-
mint Mts. seems to be that by M. French Gilman No. 3111, from
“Birch” Spring, near the head of Jail Canyon which runs down
from the north side of Telescope Peak, June 13, 1938, at 8500 ft.

* Unless otherwise indicated, the plant specimens cited in this paper are
in the Herbarium of Pomona College. Those cited as (Sac) are from the
U. S. Dept. of Agriculture Herbarium at Sacaton, Arizona; those as (US)
are from the United States National Herbarium.

84 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 4

Mr. Gilman reports that one of the trees measured 54 inches in
diameter and over 25 feet in height.

Mottuco Cerviana (L.) Sér. in DC. Prodr. 1: 392 (1824).
During the winter of 1939—40, this plant was abundant in the
southern part of the Mohave Desert in the region of Twenty-
nine Palms, California, for example, one mile east of Twenty-
nine Palms, Munz No. 15898. Previously reported for Southern
California from the San Jacinto Mts., R. Hoffmann (Leafl. West.
Bot. 1 : 39,—1933).

PETALOSTEMUM SEARLSI& Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 380
(1873). Reported for Southern California from Pahrump
Valley and Providence Mts. (Munz, Man. So. Calif. Bot., 263,—
1935) and New York Mts. (Wolf, Occas. Papers Rancho Santa
Ana Bot. Gard. 2: 65,—1938). Collected June 4, 1940, in North
Branch, Emigrant Canyon, Death Valley, at 5000 ft., M. French
Gilman No. 4252 and No. 4253.

ASTRAGALUS MINTHORNIZ (Rydb.) Jepson, Fl. Calif. 2: 374
(1936). Hamosa Minthornie Rydb., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club
54:15 (1927) ; No. Amer. Fl. 24:420 (1929). Originally de-
scribed from Pioche, Lincoln Co., Nevada, and maintained by
Jepson as distinct from A. malacus Gray and cited by him from
Barnwell, New York Mts., eastern San Bernardino Co., Calif.,
T.S.& K. Brandegee, as well as from Gold Mt., Nevada, Purpus
No. 3439. I agree in the distinctness of this species, with its
ascending, almost straight pods and strigose herbage, as opposed
to the spreading arcuate pods and spreading hairs of A. malacus.
I cite the following additional collections for A. Minthornie:
NEVADA: Goose Springs, May, 1915, T. S. Brandegee; Kyle
Canyon, Charleston Mts., Clokey No. 7575; Potosi Mts., Jaeger,
May 28, 1930. CALIFORNIA: San Bernardino Co., 5 miles
south of Barnwell, at 4500 ft., Munz No. 13711 (reported as
A. malacus, Munz, Leafl. West. Bot. 2: 69,—1938) ; east side of
Clark Mt., at 6000 ft., Jaeger in 1933; south side of Clark Mt.,
at 5000 ft., Munz No. 12986.

Tetracoccus Hari Brandg., Zoe 5:229 (1906). Under
various synonyms (cf. Wheeler, Contr. Gray Herb. 127: 52,
1939) this species has been reported largely from the Cottonwood
Mts., Eagle Mts., and Chuckwalla Mts. of the Southern Cali-
fornia deserts, as well as from 10 miles south of Ivanpah, San

NOVEMBER, 1941 ] WESTERN PLANTS 85

Bernardino Co., California, and Yuma Co., Arizona (McMinn,
Illus. Man. Calif. Shrubs, 249,—1939). Other Southern Cali-
fornia stations, both in San Bernardino Co., are: 15 miles west
of Needles, Jaeger, March 27, 1940, and Carson’s Wells, Turtle
Mts., Jaeger, March 27, 1940.

GAURA ODORATO Sessé ex Lagasca Gen. & Sp. Pl., 14 (1816).
Native from Texas to Oaxaca, this species has established itself
widely in Southern California: Somis, Ventura Co., E. Johnson,
Oct., 1940; North Whittier Heights, Los Angeles Co., Johnson,
Aug. 19, 1939; Sunset, Puente, Los Angeles Co., Johnson, Aug.,
1939; Brea, Orange Co., Johnson, Aug. 5, 1939; Escondido, San
Diego Co., Johnson, May 1, 1939; Otay, San Diego Co., Johnson,
Oct., 1939 ; Twin Oaks, near Escondido, San Diego Co., Johnson,
Oct., 1939.

GAURA SINUATA Nutt. ex Séringe in DC. Prodr. 3:44
(1828). Native from Oklahoma to northern Mexico, this spe-
cies has been repeatedly reported from California. Since 1935,
the date of my Manual of So. Calif. Bot., p. 345, Gander has
reported a number of stations in San Diego Co. (Madrono
4:34,—1937). Robbins (Univ. Calif. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull.
637 :73,—1940) reports other stations. Additional ones are:
1.5 miles northeast of Somis, Ventura Co., E. Johnson, Oct.,
1940; San Dimas, Los Angeles Co., L. Wheeler No. 947; West
Covina, Los Angeles Co., E. Johnson, Aug., 1939.

GAURA VILLOSA Torr. var. TyPIcA Munz, Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club 65: 214 (1938). Native from Kansas to New Mexico and
Texas, this plant was taken in August, 1939, in the Galleano
Orchard near Walnut, Los Angeles Co., by Ethelbert Johnson.

GAURA VILLOSA var. MCKELVEY Munz, l. c., was collected
June 10, 1936, by Garrettson in a beet field east of Puente, Los
Angeles Co.

PETALONYX GILMANII Munz, Leafl. West. Bot. 2:69—70
(1938). Mr. Gilman has called my attention to the fact that
there has occurred an error in the type label (probably mine)
which should be No. 2468 instead of No. 1568 as reported, the
latter belonging to a collection of Cymopterus panamintensis
var. acutifolius (C. & R.) Munz. He has sent me additional
material of the Petalonyx, all from Death Valley: slopes of
Ubehebe Crater, at 3000 ft., Nov. 3, 1935, Gilman No. 2101;

86 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 4

Ubehebe Crater Wash, 2500 ft., Sept. 1, 1938, Gilman No. 3377,
Aug. 4, 1937, No. 2681; Ryan Wash, at 2000 ft., June 8, 1935,
Gilman No, 1679, May 20, 1937, No. 2469. Of these, the Ryan
Wash plants are most typical, those from Ubehebe Crater having
a leaf-shape more like that of P. Thurberi, but retaining the
softer pubescence and apparently smaller flowers described for
P. Gilman.

ANGELICA LINEARILOBA Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 347
(1868). Known heretofore from the Sierra Nevada. Collected
near Telescope Peak Trail, Panamint Mts., Inyo Co., Sept. 1,
1937, at 10,500 ft., M. French Gilman No. 2691.

PoLIOMINTHA INCANA (Torr.) Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad.
8:296 (1870). Hedeoma incana Torr., U. S. & Mex. Bound.
Bot., 130 (1859). This plant of the states to the east of Cali-
fornia was found on July 12, 1938, growing in boggy soil at
Cushenbury Springs, southern Mohave Desert, San Bernardino
Co., at 5400 ft., by Edmund C. Jaeger.

MARTYNIA PARVIFLORA Wooton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club
25:453 (1898). A species of Arizona, New Mexico, western
Texas. Collected in a citrus grove in Thompson Creek Wash,
3 miles northeast of La Verne, Los Angeles Co., Sept. 12, 1933,
L. C. Wheeler No. 2111; in Johnson Canyon, Panamint Mts.,
Inyo Co., at 3000 ft., Oct. 30, 1937, M. F. Gilman No. 2718.

CorRDYLANTHUS PARVIFLORUS (Ferris) Wiggins, Contrib.
Dudley Herb. 1:174 (1933). Adenostegia parviflora Ferris,
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 45: 409, pl. 10, f. 8, pl. 11, f. 4 (1918).
Some recent collections of Cordylanthus from the New York
Mts. in the eastern part of the Mohave Desert of California have
puzzled me. At first I referred them to C. eremicus (Cov. &
Morton) Munz. But as more material has become available, it
would seem they should be placed in C. parviflorus. The original
description of C. parviflorus was based on a single specimen from
Arizona and measurements given seemed entirely too small for
the California plants, but through the kindness of Mr. R. H.
Peebles of Sacaton, Arizona, and of Dr. William R. Maxon of
the U. S. National Herbarium, I have been able to examine a
series of specimens as well as the type. I find myself forced to
the same conclusion apparently reached by Dr. Kearney and
Mr. Peebles in their examination of many of these sheets, namely,

NOVEMBER, 1941] NEW SPECIES OF CASTILLEJA 87

that the type happened to be somewhat depauperate and that
C. parviflorus is a species of some geographical extent. I refer
here: NEVADA: Pioche, Lincoln Co., M. E. Jones, Aug. 31,
1912 (POM). ARIZONA: Coconino Co., Grand Canyon of
the Colorado River, near the San Francisco Mt., Sept., 13, 1889,
Knowlton No. 270, type (US) ; Kaibab Trail to Roaring Springs,
Grand Canyon, Sept. 22, 1938, Eastwood & Howell No. 7108
(US); Williams to Grand Canyon, 6400 ft., Sept. 25, 1935,
Kearney & Peebles No. 12802 (Sac, US) ; Fredonia to Kanab,
at 4750 ft., Aug. 16, 1937, Kearney & Peebles No. 13765 (Sac,
US); Mohave Co., Peach Springs, M. E. Jones, Oct. 13, 1884
(POM) ;80 miles southeast of Kingman, Sept. 17, 1935, Kearney
& Peebles No. 12585 (Sac, US). CALIFORNIA: San Ber-
nardino Co., near Barnwell, New York Mts., Aug. 25, 1937,
J. Roos No. 1 (POM); Keystone Spring, at 5500 ft., Oct. 10,
1935, Munz No. 13886 (POM); 5 miles south of Barnwell, at
4500 ft., Oct. 12, 1935, Munz No. 13839 (POM).

Specimens vary considerably in glandulosity (Roos, Munz
No. 13839, and collections from Pioche and Peach Springs being
more glandular than the others cited), in length of “calyx-
leaves” (the upper varying from 10—14 mm. in length, the lower
from 12—15 mm.), in length of corolla (14—18 mm. long), and
in whether the subtending bracts bear apical callosities or whether
they are rounded. Ferris described the latter condition, but in
Munz No. 13886 and Kearney & Peebles No. 12585 they may
be either way on the same plant. In the other collections they
are mostly callose. This species seems to grow on limestone.

NEW SPECIES OF CASTILLEJA
BY ALICE EASTWOOD
re

Castilleja adenophora Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules multi ex radice
lignea, 1.5—2 dm. alti, omnino glanduloso-villosi; foliis inferioribus pler-
umque lineari-oblongis, apice obtusis, circa 2 cm. longis, 2—3 mm. latis,
integris vel crispo-undulatis; foliis superioribus interdum 2- vel 5-lobatis,
plerumque trilobatis, medio lobo longiore et latiore lateralibus; bracteis
inferioribus similibus sed lobis spe latioribus, bracteis supremis coccineis,
approximatis floribus vel superantibus flores, medio lobo 5 mm. lato, apice
mucronato ; floribus strictis, sessilibus in spicis capitatis, in fructu elongatis ;
calyce circa 15 mm. longo, basi 5 mm. lato, fisso ex zequo, tubo 5 mm. longo,
membranaceo, subinflato, segmentis linearibus obtusis, 3—4 mm. longis,

88 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 4

1—2 mm. latis, coccineis; corolla 15 mm. longa, galea 6 mm. longa, basi
2 mm. lata, dorso viridi, glanduloso-puberula, ventro coccinea, glabra.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 290385, collected on Mono
Pass Trail at about 11,000 ft. altitude, Inyo County, California,
July 22, 1941, by John Thomas Howell, No. 16400. This belongs
to what has been included in C. pinetorum Fernald, a name which
in California has been applied to many plants that appear quite
distinct. This is one which is more closely related to C. disticha
Eastwood, a much taller, more slender, divaricately branching
plant.

Castilleja Barnebyana Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules non nulli ex radice
lignea, nani, circa 1 dm. alti, simplices, canescentes villis deflexis et adpressis
et divarticatis, basibus subterraneis, flavescentibus, squamosis ; foliis divari-
catis et divaricate 3—5-partitis, rhachide 1—5 mm. lata, trinervata, seg-
mentis prope filiformibus; bracteis flabelliformibus, 3—7-partitis, seg-
mentis angustissimis, coccineis, inferioribus 15 mm. longis, superioribus
5 mm. longis, rhachide lanceolata, basi circa 5 mm. lata, segmento termi-
nali oblongo-obovato, acuto; floribus 3.5 cm. longis, erectis, breviter pedicel-
latis in racemis divaricate villosis, subcapitatis; tubo calycis 1 cm. longo
dorso, 2 cm. longo ventro, laciniis lanceolatis, acuminatis, 5 mm. longis,
labium superantibus; galea superante bracteas, 1 cm. longa, breviore tubo,
dorso viridi puberulente, ventro rosea, labio brevissimo, protuberante,
3 dentibus incurvis, acuminatis, duobus exterioribus longioribus interiori-
bus, infra bisulcatis.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 290858, collected May 153,
1941, in clefts of calcareous rocks at Connors Pass, White Pine
County, Nevada, Eastwood & Howell No. 9368. It was col-
lected at the same place by H. D. Ripley and R. C. Barneby eight
days later and is named in honor of Mr. Barneby, who has given
our herbarium many valuable specimens.

What color the plants gave to the steep calcareous cliff where
their woody roots penetrated wherever clefts in the rock gave
them room! Of all the castillejas collected on our trip to Utah
and Nevada in 1941, this was the loveliest. The gray foliage
enhanced the beauty of its brilliant flowers.

Castilleja dolichostylis Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules non nulli, gra-
ciles, simplices ex basi, circa 3 dm. alti, omnino glanduloso-puberuli et
glanduloso-pilosi; foliis viridibus, inferioribus plerumque integris, lanceo-
latis, divaricatis, circa 4 cm. longis, 2—5 mm. latis; foliis superioribus
latioribus et plerumque 3-lobatis; bracteis inferioribus viridibus, similibus
foliis superioribus, bracteis superioribus coccineis, trilobatis, interdum
superantibus flores; floribus sessilibus in spicis terminalibus brevibus et
latis; calycis fisso posteriore profundiore, segmentis integris, curvatis

NOVEMBER, 1941] NEW SPECIES OF CASTILLEJA 89

prorsus oppositis labio inferiori corollz; tubo corollz 1.5 cm. longo, circa
4 mm. lato, in fructu curvato, galea erecta, posteriore puberula, anteriore
coccinea membranacea, labio inferiore protuberante, atro in siccate obtuse
trilobato; stylo longe exserto, rubescente, stigmate clavato; antheris albis,
longe caudatis.

Type: No. 290387, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected near
Government Flat on the Log Spring Ridge, Mendocino National
Forest, Tehama County, California, July 9, 1941, by Eastwood
and Howell, No. 9837. It is uncertain to what group this should
be referred. It has somewhat the habit of the C. miniata group,
but that is not glandular. The long-exserted style, the long-tailed,
exserted, white anthers, and the peculiar calyx mark it as dis-
tinct from any described species. It is quite different from
C. pinetorum Fernald, another glandular species, a form of which
was collected July 10, 1941, by Eastwood and Howell, No. 9863,
on Anthony Peak, the highest point on these mountains.

Castilleja Ewani Eastwood, spec. nov. Ramosa ex radice lignea, circa
10—15 cm. alta, divaricate albo-pilosa, viscida; foliis erectis, infimis lineari-
bus, 2—3 cm. longis, 2 mm. latis, trifidis, segmentis linearibus, 1 mm. latis,
medio longissimo; bracteis foliis supremis similibus, segmentis latioribus,
rubris, equilongis calyci; calyce tubum corollze superante, albo-piloso et
viscido, fisso posteriore magis anteriore, lobis rubris, obtusis, 2 mm. longis,
tubo corollz 15 mm. longo, galez zquali, puberulente dorso; stylo exserto,
inflexo, stigmate obscure bilobo.

Type: No. 180797, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected June 11,
1930, by Joseph A. Ewan, No. 1990, on “east shore of Baldwin
Lake, San Bernardino Mountains, 6674 ft. altitude, among rocks
on sandy slopes under pinyons.” It is related to C. Martini
Abrams. It is a low plant with leaves hugging the stems, the
lowest linear or lanceolate, the others 3-cleft, with erect acumi-
nate linear divisions. The spike is densely flowered with red-
tipped bracts similar to the upper leaves, the segments broader
but all acute; the calyx is cleft deeper at the back than at the
front and each part has two obtuse erect red-tipped lobes. The
red galea is conspicuously exserted 1 to 1.5 cm. The whole plant
is clothed with white spreading rather stiff hairs, but is green
from the viscid underlying pubescence.

Castilleja Howellii Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules porphyrei graciles,
circa 3 dm. alti, glabri, ramosi ex radice lignea, supra paucis ramis brevi-
bus ; foliis inferioribus anguste linearibus, divaricatis, circa 4 cm. longis,
1 mm. latis, porphyreis, minutissime albo-puberulis et vestitis pilis brevibus
deflexis, margine ciliatis; foliis superioribus trisectis, segmentis anguste

go LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. 4

linearibus; bracteis similibus foliis superioribus, apice rubris, floribus
rubris, puberulis, distichis, supremis subcapitatis, infimis remotis, in longi-
tudine variantibus, maximis 3 cm. longis; pedicellis 1—5 mm. longis,
rhachidibus albo-pilosis, pilis deflexis vel crispis; calyce circa 2 cm. longo,
tubo infra labium 8—12 mm. longo, inflato, curvato, rubescenti-nervato,
posteriore parte tubi ex galea divaricata circa 1 cm. longa, bisecta 4 mm.,
apice integra vel bidentata ; corolla exserta prorsus, galea 8—10 mm. longa,
basi 4 mm. lata, dorso viridi, ventro rubra, labio protuberante, tridentato,
dentibus exterioribus acuminatis, dente medio breviore, lato et obtuso.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 290389, collected Aug. 8,
1941, at Agnew Pass, Madera County, California, John Thomas
Howell, No. 16884, in whose honor it is named. It is related to
C. linariefolia Benth., differing in the pubescence, low very
slender stems, and in the parts of the flower. It comes near
C. salticola Eastwood from Ebbett’s Pass. It differs in the almost
imperceptible puberulence, the very slender purple stems, the
purplish leaves which curl downwards, the almost or quite entire
segments of the calyx, and the more open racemes. On the
mountain pass where it grew, it presented a lovely, airy, graceful
appearance quite unlike the coarse aspect of C. salticola. Other
collections in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. are the following from
California: Tioga Grade, Mono Co., by Ynez W. Winblad; and
by J. T. Howell, No. 14479, near Devil’s Postpile, Madera Co.,
and No. 14489, Minaret Summit, Mono Co.

Castilleja inornata Eastwood, spec. nov. Suffrutescens, ramosa ex
radice et infra inflorescentia, foliosa, viridis, omnino hispidula pilis albis
patentibus; foliis scabro-hispidulis, divaricatis vel declinatis, oblongis, in-
tegris, apice obtusis, 3-crenatis vel obtuse lobatis, 1—3 cm. longis, circa
1 cm. latis; spicis primo densis, deinde elongatis, distichis, 1—2 dm. longis,
1.5 cm. latis; floribus brevi-pedicellatis et divaricatis ; bracteis circa zequali-
bus calyci, 3- ad 5-nervatis, obtuse lobatis, 5—10 mm. latis; calyce 1—5 cm.
longo, fisso 5 mm., laciniis obtusis, 2 mm. longis; corolla exserta 7—10
mm., galea tenui, 1 cm. longa, posteriore hispidula, anteriore membra-
nacea, labio inferiore protuberante, tecto calyce, tridentato, dentibus mucro-
natis, medio latiore et breviore.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 271474, collected on the
Sonoma coast north of Bodega, April 2, 1939, by Eastwood and
Howell, No. 7367. It is related to C. latifolia H. & A. of which
it might be considered a subspecies. It is a dull green through-
out, with a stiff pubescence of short, spreading hairs mixed with
some longer hairs. The distichous spikes have the flowers point-
ing outwards, dense at first but later separating on the elongating
spike. Its appearance is quite different from any of the varieties

NOVEMBER, 1941] NEW SPECIES OF CASTILLEJA gt

of C. latifolia. It is an unattractive species with even the flowers
dull green.

Castilleja ochracea Eastwood, spec. nov. Ramosa ex radice lignea,
supra ramosa, circa 3 dm. alta, cinerea, hispida pilis longis divaricatis et
scabrida pilis brevibus; foliis inferioribus linearibus, 4—5 cm. longis, 1—2
mm. latis; foliis superioribus pectinatis, segmentis 3 ad 7, linearibus, circa
1—2 mm. latis, rhachide angusta; spicis 6—15 cm. longis, floribus con-
fertis, erectis, prope imbricatis; bracteis inferioribus pectinatis, rhachide
ovata 3-nervata, lacinia suprema oblonga obtusa, 2—3 mm. lata, otris prope
filiformibus, supremis brevissimis; calyce fisso ex aquo, piloso, laciniis
filiformibus circa zquilongis, tubo membranaceo, piloso, nervato, circa 7
mm. longo; corolla tenui, ochracea, circa 18 mm. longa, galea erecta, 4 mm.
longa, dorso villosa, labio subbreviore, laciniis linearibus, erectis, 2 mm.
longis, infra obscure saccato.

Type: Herb, Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 280638, collected June 11,
1940, 7 miles southwest of Canby, Modoc County, California,
by Alice Eastwood and John Thomas Howell, No. 8016. This
belongs in the perplexing group which connects Castilleja and
Orthocarpus. It seems more closely allied to Rocky Mountain
species than to those of the Pacific Coast. The harsh pubescence
due to the short stiff hairs separates it from C. pilosa ( Wats.)
Greenm., though both belong to the same group. The name
comes from the color of the corolla, yellow turning brown.

Castilleja zionis Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules non nulli ex radice
lignea, nani 1—1.5 dm. alti, vestiti villis albis tenuibus divaricatis, vix
canescentes sed sepe purpurascentes, basibus subterraneis, flavescentibus,
remote squamosis; foliis divaricatis et subfalcatis, sepe purpurascentibus,
vestitis villis albis tenuibus et puberulis, prope scabridis, foliis infimis
linearibus, circa 2 cm. longis, 2—3 mm. latis, foliis superioribus trisectis,
non numquam 5-sectis, segmentis lateralibus divaricatis, anguste linearibus,
ultimis circa 2 mm. latis, multo longioribus lateralibus, obtusis, rhachide
circa 5 mm. longa et lata; bracteis villosis 3—5-sectis, segmentis prope basi
rhachidis, longissimis et filiformibus, divaricatis, coccineis, ultimis circa
2 mm. latis, acutis vel breviter acuminatis; inflorescentia albo-villosa,
coccinea, floribus breviter pedicellatis, primo capitatis, demum racemosis ;
calyce 2 cm. longo, tubo villoso, dorso 12 mm. longo, ventro 9 mm. longo,
basi subsaccato, laciniis 5 mm. longis, 2 mm. latis, acuminatis, coccineis ;
corolla 3 cm. longa, galea curvata prorsus, equilongis tubo, exserta 1 cm.,
dorso viridi, puberula, ventro membranacea, rubescente, basi 2 mm. lata,
apice 3-dentata; capsula oblonga, circa 12 mm. longa, 4 mm. lata, un-
inervata, compressa; testa seminium arilliformi, membranacea alveolata.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 290862, collected May 11,
1941, in Clear Creek Canyon, Zion National Park, Washington
County, Utah, by Eastwood and Howell, No. 9227. It grew in

g2 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 4

the sand washed down from the cliffs, forming masses of bright
red. The conspicuous galea, green on back and pink in front,
projects and is exserted beyond the bright red bracts and calyx
divisions.

LUPINUS STUDIES—II

BY A. A. HELLER
X\

Sect. Formosi, sect. nov. Caules plerumque multi decumbentes, spe in
latis glebis, omnino albo-velutini vel sericei villis patentibus vel adpressis ;
flores magni et belli, floridi in estate. Typus: Lupinus formosus Greene.

While closely related to plants of section Albicaules in floral
structure, the differences in habit and pubescence of L. formosus
Greene and its relatives seem to warrant a distinctive sectional
name. Its many usually decumbent stems form a spreading plant
often several feet broad. It blooms later than other perennial
species and loves the hot valleys and foothills of California. The
flowers are large and lovely, the pubescence white-hairy, velvety,
silky-spreading, or appressed, or more often spreading and ap-
pressed. The sides of the banner are strongly reflexed, the face
narrow, the wings are narrow, never covering the back of the
keel nor generally the tip; the keel is always smooth and falcate,
verging from strongly curved to the upper acuminate part per-
pendicular to the lower. Some of the roots extend a long distance
underground.

The following key refers to the species described in this paper :

A. Plants noticeably pubescent with white, usually spreading hairs........ B
A. Plants with appressed hairs; corollas 15 mm. long; pedicels 7 mm.
1COS a Yep tetra eee ee ied oor Heh PRE Ri oy AS arene PU BE Se Ud hy L. lutosus
BaolntlorescencesZudm: of more in) lengthieaes eee (&
B. Inflorescence less than 2 dm. in length; corollas 15 mm. long;
MEMICSLS Kayenta wLON Ges ele. ee a eee ee eat coe tect eee ae L. ceruleus
C. Corollas 20 mm. long, pedicels 10 mm. long.........0.0....... L. albopilosus
C. Corollas 15 mm. long, pedicels 5 mm. long.................... L. navicularius
C. Corollas 12 mm. long, pedicels 3 mm. long........0............. L. sonomensis

Lupinus albopilosus Heller, spec. nov. Perennis, 6 dm. altus, omnino
albopilosus et velutinus; foliolis 7—9, oblanceolatis vel oblongo-ellipticis,
3—4 cm. longis, latissimis 10 mm. latis, apice mucronatis; racemis 7 cm.
longis, laxifloris, subverticillatis; bracteis linearibus, acuminatis, 13 mm.
longis, caducis ; pedicellis 10 mm. longis ; calyce 15 mm. longo, labiis lanceo-
latis, acuminatis, integris; corolla lilacina, 20 mm. longa, 15 mm. lata;
marginibus vexilli recurvatis, medio adnatis, facie vexilli angusta, apice

NOVEMBER, 1941 ] LUPINUS STUDIES 93

2 mm. lata, rubescente et purpureo-maculata; alis 8 mm. latis, marginibus
superioribus prope invenientibus, marginibus inferioribus separatis ; carina
glabra, medio 5 mm. lata, falcata, apice acuminata, rubescente infra, pur-
purea supra; leguminibus 3.5 cm. longis, 10 mm. latis; seminibus appla-
natis, 7 mm. longis, 5 mm. latis, brunneo-maculatis.

The type, in the Heller Herbarium, is Heller No. 15543,
collected April 21, 1940, along U. S. Highway No. 99W, 2 miles
south of Williams, Colusa County, California. Isotype in the
Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences. It has been
noted in this neighborhood for a number of years, occurring as
far south as a eucalyptus grove just north of Dunnigan. Lupinus
formosus var. robustus C. P. Smith, in Jepson, Manual 529, is
probably the same, based upon my No, 5573, which is no longer
in my possession for comparison. It was collected in the same
general region but farther east, near College City.

Lupinus cezruleus Heller, spec. nov. Perennis, 3—4 dm. altus, infra
simplex, brevi-ramosus supra, Omnino vestitus villis albis adpressis et
patentibus; foliolis 7 vel 8, oblanceolatis, 3—5 cm. longis, 8 mm. latis,
adpresse sericeis; stipulis lineari-aristatis, 2 cm. longis ; racemis 1—1.5 dm.
longis; pedunculis brevissimis; bracteis tenuissimis, equalibus floribus,
caducis; pedicellis gracilibus, circa 8 mm. longis; calyce 12 mm. longo,
minute bracteolato, labiis lanceolatis, integris; corolla pallido-lilacina, in
siccate cerulescente, 15 mm. longa, 12 mm. lata, marginibus vexilli prope
apice recurvatis, expansis infra, facie 2 mm. lata, albescente, purpureo-
maculata; alis 6 mm. latis supra medio; carina 4 mm. lata medio, curva-
tissima, apice purpurea.

The type, in the Heller Herbarium, is Heller No. 15561,
collected April 28, 1940, along the roadside between the radio
station and Hooker Oak, east of Chico, Butte County, California.
Isotype in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences.
This well-marked species occurs in considerable numbers in a
neighboring field, but has not been seen at any other place. It
occurs in the Quercus lobata belt. It is remarkable in the section
for its very short peduncles and inflorescence and bluish rather
than violet corollas.

Lupinus lutosus Heller, spec. nov. Perennis, 3—4 dm. altus, simplex
vel nonnumquam ramosus basi, omnino adpresse sericeus; foliolis 5—9,
oblongo-ellipticis, apice cuspidatis, basi acuminatis, longissimis 5 cm. longis,
8 mm. latis supra medium; racemis circa 2 dm. longis, inequaliter verti-
cillatis, internodiis ezqualibus verticillis; bracteis gracilibus, linearibus,
purpurascentibus, superantibus flores juniores, caducis; pedicellis 7 mm.
longis; calyce 10 mm. longo, labiis lanceolatis, labio superiore bidentato,
dentibus parallelis ; corolla pallido-violacea, 15 mm. longa, in latere 13 mm.

94 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 4

lata, basi 6—7 mm. lata; vexillis margine reflexis, medio contractis, facie
pallido-violacea, purpureo-lineata; alis 6 mm. latis medio; carina 4 mm.
lata medio, apice acutissima purpurascente, alis et vexillo separatim 4 mm.

The type, in the Heller Herbarium, is Heller No. 15546,
collected April 22, 1940, in Anderson Valley, Sonoma County,
California. Isotype in the Herbarium of the California Academy
of Sciences. It was common in a field in clay soil in the Quercus
lobata belt. The specific name refers to its occurrence in clay soil.

Lupinus navicularius Heller, spec. nov. Perennis, 6—7 dm. altus,
omnino vestitus villis albis patentibus; foliolis 7, oblongo-spatulatis, apicu-
latis, circa 3.5 cm. longis, 6 mm. latis, viridioribus supra; racemis 2.5 dm.
longis ; pedunculis robustis, circa 1 dm. longis; bracteis anguste linearibus,
circa 1 cm. longis, caducis; floribus subverticillatis, verticillis 15 mm. sepa-
ratim, pedicellis 5 mm. longis; calyce 10 mm. longo, labiis lanceolatis,
acuminatis, superiore labio bidentato, dentibus parallelis; corolla 15 mm.
longa, circa 12 mm. lata medio, navicularia, variicolorata, marginibus
vexilli adnatis dorso, facie angusta, atro-purpurea; alis 6 mm. latis medio;
inferiore parte carinz verticali ad superiore, apice purpurea.

The type, in the Heller Herbarium, is Heller No. 15572,
collected May 1, 1940, in a grain field on the Cone Ranch along
U.S. Highway No, 99E, several miles east of Red Bluff, Tehama
County, California. Isotype in the Herbarium of the California
Academy of Sciences. It has been observed in this field for a
number of years. Its nearest relative is L. albopilosus. Some
plants show two or three short branches near the ground. The
specific name was suggested by the decidedly boat-shaped fresh
flowers.

Lupinus sonomensis Heller, spec. nov. Perennis, 3—4 dm. altus,
nonnihil, gracilis, omnino vestitus villis albis adpressis et patentibus, villis
brevioribus supra quam infra; stipulis 7 mm. longis, 1 mm. latis; foliolis
6 vel 7, lineari-lanceolatis, 2—5 cm. longis, 3 mm. latis, viridioribus supra;
petiolis circa 14 mm. longis; racemis 2 dm. longis; pedunculis circa 5 cm.
longis ; bracteis brevioribus floribus, caducis ; pedicellis 3 mm. longis ; calyce
10 mm. longo; labiis lanceolatis, acutis, superiore bidentato, dentibus paral-
lelis ; corolla violacea vel pallido-purpurea, 12 mm. longa, 4 mm. lata, mar-
ginibus vexilli reflexis et medio adnatis, facie 2 mm. lata, purpurea vel
lilacina; alis 5 mm. lata supra medium, marginibus adnatis supra, apice
4 mm. ex vexillo; inferiore parte carinz verticali ad superiore, apice brun-
nescente vel flavescente, carina 5 mm. lata medio; leguminibus vestitis
villis albis patentibus, 3 cm. longis, 8 mm. latis, seminibus plerumque 3, 5
mm. longis, 3 mm. latis, nitidis, brunneo-maculatis et punctatis.

The type, in the Heller Herbarium, is Heller No. 15638,
collected May 17, 1940, in stiff clay soil on a steep grassy bank
2 miles east of Shellville, Sonoma County, California. Isotype
in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences.

NOVEMBER, 1941 ] STUDIES IN PHACELIA 95

STUDIES IN PHACELIA—I
BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

Phacelia laxiflora J. T. Howell, spec. nov. Herba laxe ramosa, per-
ennis, sordide viscido-pubescens omnino; caulibus lignosis tantum basi sub-
gracili, paucis, patentibus, 1—4.5 dm. longis; foliis orbicularibus, 0.5—3.5
em. diametro, et hirsutulis et glandulosis, dentatis ad dentato-lobatis, cor-
datis basi, petiolis ad 3.5 cm. longis; inflorescentia laxiflora floribus sub-
distantibus, pedicellis plerumque 1—3.5 cm. longis, crassiusculis ; segmentis
calycis ad anthesin 3.5—6 mm. longis, oblanceolatis, in fructu 5.5—7.5 mm.
longis, apice recurvatis vel rectis; corolla tubulato-campanulata, limbo
patente, 1 cm. lato, lobis rotundatis, ca. 3 mm. longis, albis, tubo 10 cm.
longo, dilute violaceo, plus minusve glanduloso-pubescente; staminibus
paullo inequalibus, 4—5 mm. longis, filamentis glabris, antheris 1 mm.
longis ; squamis minimis, circa 1 mm. longis, angustissime semilanceolatis,
reductis supra ad linea circa 1 mm. longa; stylo ramisque 4 mm. longis,
hirsutulis et glandulosis, ramis 1 mm. longis; ovario 1 mm. longo, hirsuto
supra, ovulis plurimis, plus quam 100 ad quamque placentam; capsula
oblongo-ovata, durescente, 5.5—6 mm. longa, basi styli conspicue apiculata ;
seminibus atris, subnitentibus, tenuiter reticulato-foveolatis, 0.5—0.75 mm.
longis, oblongis, subtruncatis apicibus.

Type, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 290831 and 290832, col-
lected at a spring near Toroweap Point on the north rim of the
Colorado River canyon, Mohave County, Arizona, by Martha
Hilend, June 20, 1932. Only four other collections have been
seen, all from Arizona: Hermit Trail in the Grand Canyon,
Coconino County, Eastwood No. 5823, June 18, 1916; Grand
Canyon, alt. 4000 ft., McDougal No. 198, June 14, 1891 (U.S.
Nat. Herb.) ; lower end of Toroweap Valley, alt. 4200 ft.,
Mohave County, Miss A. M. Alexander, May 29, 1933 (Herb.
Univ. Calif.) ; forming large pendent masses with Adiantum and
Petrophytum in dripping water on perpendicular cliffs, wall of
the Colorado River canyon near the head of Lake Mead about
0.5 mile above Emery Falls, Mohave County, Arizona, R. S.
Ferris No. 9871, June 28, 1940 (Dudley Herb.; Calif. Acad.
Sci.). The spring where the type was collected is 2 or 3 miles
northwest of Toroweap Point, at which a road running southerly
from Short Creek, Arizona, ends.

Phacelia laxiflora is closely related to P. perityloides Cov.,
but from that remarkable endemic of the Death Valley region
of California it differs in the coarser habit and the larger size of
nearly all the parts, and particularly in the hirsutulous and
glandular style and style-branches and in the absence of the

96 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 4

white velvety pubescence of the older stems. It is also related to
P. geranifolia Brand, which has been found in the Sheep Mts.
of southern Nevada and in the Clark Mts. of southeastern Cali-
fornia, but from both P. perityloides and P. laxiflora that species
differs in the densely cespitose basal cushion of reduced stems
and leaves from which elongate floriferous stems arise each year
and in the much smaller number of ovules (about 35 to 45) to
each placenta.

vf ty if

The following notes will place on record range-extensions
in the distribution of several species of Phacelia.

PHACELIA ANELSONI Macbr., heretofore reported only from
southern Nevada, has been collected in Utah and California:
western slopes of Beaverdam Mts. near Castle Cliff, Wash-
ington Co., Utah, alt. 4400 ft., Rk. C. Barneby No. 2937, Apr. 14,
1940; east side of Mountain Pass, eastern San Bernardino Co.,
California, Eastwood & Howell No. 8922, May 7, 1941.

PHACELIA C@RULEA Greene, a widely distributed species
that has been known from Texas-and adjacent Mexico westward
to southern Nevada, has been collected on Clark Mt. near Moun-
tain Pass, eastern San Bernardino Co., California, alt. 5500 ft.,
by H. D. Ripley and R. C. Barneby, No. 3361, May 8, 1941.

PHACELIA SAXICOLA Gray, one of the rarer desert species of
northern Arizona and southern Nevada, has been collected three
times, to my knowledge, in California: Teufel Canyon, 17 miles
north of Darwin on the Saline Valley road, Inyo Co., alt. 5200
ft., E. C. Jaeger, May 20, 1938 (Herb. Pomona College) ; near
the summit of Sherwin Grade, Mono Co., alt. 6200 ft., Peirson
No. 12418, July 8, 1938; above Scotty’s Castle, Grapevine
Canyon, Inyo Co., alt. 3400 ft., Ripley & Barneby No. 3683,
May 31, 1941.

LAMIUM PURPUREUM L. The so-called Red Dead-Nettle
of the Old World has been reported by St. John from Pullman,
Washington (FI. S. E. Wash., 354), and by Gilkey as “locally
abundant” (Hand. N. W. FI. PI., 286), but I have seen no record
of its occurrence in California. In 1937, I found it as a garden
weed at M. S. Baker’s home near Kenwood, Sonoma County.
An Oregon collection in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. is from Eugene,
Lane County (Henderson No. 15966).—John Thomas Howell.

wag

1
|

— oo Le

Vou. III No. 5

LEAFLETS

of
WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS

PAGE

Pugillus Astragalorum Nevadensium . . . . . . 97
R. C. BARNEBY

Observations on Californian Plantt—II . . . . . 114
Rosert F. Hoover

auemeeenties tr: Castilleja to ie ek ook AN ar
ALIcE Eastwoop

mernneV IE TAGet a4 Ph praise Ch ede ad Pu Le

JoHN THomaAs Howe.

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
JANuARY 23, 1942

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the
native flora of western North America, appearing about four
times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single
numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco,
California.

Cited as

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ROUT US OU Le

pity
INCHES

ee ee ETI Ua Ma La bane

Owned and published by

Auicre Eastwoop and JoHN THOMAS HoweELui

— see

JANUARY, 1942] PUGILLUS ASTRAGALORUM 97

PUGILLUS ASTRAGALORUM NEVADENSIUM
BY R. C. BARNEBY

The following notes are based primarily on collections made
during the spring and summer of 1941 in southern Nevada by
Mr. H. D. Ripley and the author. Types of all species and
varieties described below have been deposited in the Herbarium
of the California Academy of Sciences together with material
of all collections cited. Duplicates, where they exist, will be
sent to the herbaria at Kew Gardens, the New York Botanical
Garden, and Pomona College.

The author wishes to put on record his appreciation of facili-
ties most courteously extended by Dr. Philip Munz of Pomona
College. Without the opportunity to study the unrivalled col-
lections of Astragalus, largely gathered by Marcus Jones and
rich in type material, which are preserved in the Pomona College
Herbarium, these notes could not have been written.

AsTRAGALUS CarLToNII Macbr. Homalobus humilis Rydb.
(1907), non A. humilis Geyer (1847).

Nevapa: north slopes and ridges of Ward Mt., Egan Range,
White Pine Co., alt. 9500—10,050 ft., 21 July 1941, No. 4019.

A new record for Nevada. The specimens showed great
variation in length of stems, size of leaflets, and general luxuri-
ance according to the depth of shade and quality of soil in which
they grew. The smaller, depauperate plants, from exposed lime-
stone ridges at about ten thousand feet have very abbreviated,
slender, procumbent stems, short, acute leaflets not exceeding
a centimeter in length and seem to be a good match for Utah
material considered typical of A. Carltonti. These, however,
vary at all points into the tall, leafy, erect plants, with broad,
thin, obtuse leaflets up to two centimeters in length, which were
common in rich humus under firs and aspens on the northerly
slopes. The latter specimens are frequently found to have the
pods strigulose with black as well as white hairs and seem to
approach Homalobus Hitchcockii Rydb., a species described from
Duck Creek in the adjacent Schell Creek Range. It is likely
that H. Hitchcocki, when further investigated, will prove to be
a shade form of A. Carltonii with rather longer pods, but as the
type has not been available for study a definitive pronouncement
is not possible.

Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. III, pp. 97-120, January 23, 1942.

98 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. 5

AstrRAGALUS HAypENIANUuS A. Gray (?) var. NEVADENSIS
M. E. Jones.

NevapAa: gypsum flats by the White River near Sunnyside,
northeastern Nye Co., alt. 5000 ft., 25 May 1941, flor., No. 3612,
and 20 July 1941, fruct., No. 4003.

A puzzling collection: the deep tawny yellow flowers and
inconspicuously reticulate pods suggest passage towards the rare
A. haydenioides Porter (Diholcos nucranthus Rydb.), but the
dimensions of leaflets, flower, and fruit are exactly as found in
A. Haydenianus from Utah and Colorado and as elaborated by
Porter (1939, passim) in his revision of the group. From the
locality, it was to be expected that our plants would agree with
the type of the var. nevadensis from Palisade, in northern Eureka
Co., but this was described from immature specimens, and Jones’
remark “pods not evidently rugulose” is therefore without value,
while both in color of the flowers, evidently of small value in
this alliance, and in shape of leaflets no agreement is to be found.
Comparison of the two, however, brings to light a curious floral
peculiarity in both collections from Nevada: the banner, instead
of being held erect at anthesis as in A. Haydemianus, is arcuate-
reflexed through a double right angle, finally lying parallel and
contiguous with the calyx and thereby giving a highly character-
istic aspect to the flower. This is of little importance in itself,
but if it were found to be correlated with the nearly smooth pods
of the Sunnyside plants it might support the restitution of Jones’
varietal name. Unfortunately it has not been possible to study
Greene’s collection, also from the vicinity of Palisade, from
which he described his A. demissus (A. Jepson Sheld.), or to
determine the degree of corrugation in the pods. The point is
omitted from the type description, but presumably Porter has
verified it before reducing all Nevada plants to A. Haydenianus,
as particular emphasis is laid on the value of this character in
his revision. However, as no material is there cited as seen from
the state, I would prefer to know more of the western phases of
this variable species before following his reduction unreservedly.

ASTRAGALUS CONFERTIFLORUS A. Gray.

NevapA: in colonies on the gypsum near Crystal, Clark Co.,
alt. 2000 ft., 13 Apr. 1940, No. 2929.

No record of this species from the state has been seen in
the literature, but as it is a conspicuous feature of the roadside

JANUARY, 1942] PUGILLUS ASTRAGALORUM 99

flora along U. S. 91 in the vicinity of Crystal it must surely have
been collected. The flowers in this station are bluish-white,
fading to ochroleucous when dry, and were noted as being agree-
ably fragrant.

Astragalus pseudiodanthus Barneby, spec. nov. affinitatis subdubiz,
leguminis forma ad /odanthos Rydb. generis Xylophaci ejus seu Astragali
Argophyllos Jones juxta A. iodanthum S. Wats. et A. cibariuwm Sheld.
addenda sed calyce breviter campanulato indumentoque copioso aberrans
et his notis potius Villosis Batidophace Rydb. a quibus verosimiliter remota
vel Malacis Hamos@ ejus inter quas preter habitum persimilem legumine
omnino 1-loculari anomala referenda.

Perennis undique molliter villoso-pubescens cinerea e collo radicis
verticalis prelonge pluricaulis: caulibus diffusis prostratis vel demum
adscendentibus leviter striatis plerumque infra medium pauciramosis valde
flexuosis 1—4 dm. longis pilis brevibus griseolis nunc stricte appressis nunc
patulis strigoso- et villosulo-pubescentibus: stipulis deltoideis acutis vel
superioribus acuminatis brevi spatio connatis 1.5—3 mm. longis mem-
branaceis glabratis ciliatis mox plus minusve scariosis deflexis: foliis
patentibus petiolo brevi incluso 3—5 cm. longis, 7—9-jugis, foliolis articulo
gracillimo vix 0.5 mm. longo gestis late obovatis obtusis truncatisve basi
cuneatis 5—9 mm. longis 3—6 mm. latis sepissime conduplicatis superne
glaberrimis inferne ut rachis petiolusque indumento villoso e pilis griseis
patulis plus minusve crispatis constituto crebre vestitis : pedunculis numero-
sis rectis validis 2—3 cm. longis striatis in racemum (7—) 10—20-florum
subeequilongum fructiferum adeo elongatum jam ad anthesin folium suf-
fulcrans dimidio superantem abeuntibus: floribus rubro-violaceis 8—9 mm.
longis primum confertis mox laxiuscule dispositis pedicello ca. 1 mm. longo
fructifero deflexo bracteaque equilonga setaceo-subulata suffultis: calycis
presertim albo-villosi (rarius pili nonnulli atri adsunt) tubo breviter
campanulato ca. 2 mm. longo latoque admodum membranaceo inferne gibbo,
ore leviter obliquo, dentibus anguste deltoideis acutis vix 1 mm. longis
omnino herbaceis coronato: vexillo late obovato obtusissimo apice pro-
funde emarginato basi cuneato ca. 9 mm. longo infra medium leviter
arcuato macula elliptica pallida plus minusve striata instructo, marginibus
reflexis: alarum carineque petalis zequilongis ca. 7 mm. longis, limbo
unguiculos filiformes superanti, illarum oblanceolato obtuso recto vel
parum lunulato 1.5 mm. lato anguste auriculato, hujus duplo latiore de
visu laterali oblique obovato brevissime auriculato, margine inferiore
apicem obtusum versus abrupte arcuato: legumine sessili deflexo vix tur-
gido, ca. 2 cm. longo ambitu horizontali ovato-lanceolato basi cuneato apice
longiuscule acuminato stylo persistente cuspidato, dorsiventraliter con-
spicue compresso, sutura ventrali filiformi carinulata inferne recta sed
infra medium abrupte arcuato-recurvata in annulum fere completum vel
saltem dimidium retroflexo, septo omnino destituto valvulisque nihilo-
minus inflexis 1-loculari sed sutura dorsali sulco profundo aperto ad legu-
minis apicem haud producto fere ad ventralem usque impressa quasi bilocu-

100 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. 5

lari, sectione per mediam partem anguste reniformi-compressa 5—6 mm.
lata, 2—3 mm. alta, valvulis coriaceis in sicco parum rugulosis undique
indumento patulo crispo sparse villosis viridibus, pericarpio tenuiter recticu-
lato: seminibus ca. 10 ovalibus compressis ad hilum emarginatis 2 mm.
longis levibus ochraceis.

NeEvapA: in deep sands of the plateau north of Cactus Peak,
about twenty miles southeast of Tonopah, Nye Co., alt. 5500 ft.,
3 June 1941, fl. and fr., Ripley & Barneby No. 3725. Type in
Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 290405. Plate 1, fig. B.

According to my interpretation of Rydberg’s genera (1929,
p. 251), A. pseudiodanthus “keys out” to Batidophaca, a segre-
gate distinguished from Xylophacos chiefly by the shortly cam-
panulate calyx. In spite of the diversity of elements contained
in this group, however, there is no species closely allied to ours,
and the true relationship is to be sought elsewhere. In the struc-
ture of the fruit there is a marked resemblance to Rydberg’s
series Iodanthi of Xylophacos, and although the proportions of
the calyx, in ours very short and broad, and the softly villous
indument of the whole plant are at variance with all members
of that series, A. pseudiodanthus is placed here provisionally.
In addition to the characters just named, the prostrate, abruptly
zigzag stems will serve to distinguish it from A. todanthus
S. Wats. and A. cibarius Sheld., the only species with which it
might be confused.

Of the greatest interest is the extraordinary morphological
similarity between A. pseudiodanthus and A. chamemeniscus
nob. described below. Both are plants of a sandy habitat, from
the same geographic area and life-zone, and although similar
ecological stimuli are known to produce similar facies in plants
of totally unrelated ancestry and even of widely separated orders,
the sum of characters shared by these species, including the
imponderabilia of coloring and habit, are suggestive of a real
affinity. Astragalus chamemeniscus has been placed next to
A. malacus A. Gray, having the two-celled, falcate, coriaceous
pod characteristic of Rydberg’s Hamosa, but without the fruit
it would be difficult, except for the rather larger flowers and
more deeply campanulate calyx, to distinguish it from small
individuals of A. pseudiodanthus. The width of the septum in
the Malaci varies from the total partition in A. malacus to a
narrow inflexion of the valves in A. Laynee Greene, and it 1s

JANUARY, 1942] PUGILLUS ASTRAGALORUM 101

not difficult to imagine a species, derived from an identical source,
in which the valves fail to become adnate along the sulcate dorsal
suture, the pod thus remaining essentially one-celled. This con-
dition is, in fact, known in the case of Hamosa imperfecta Rydb.,
and A. pseudiodanthus may well have arisen along similar lines.
If this hypothetical view proves correct, the line of demar-
cation between the Jodanthi and the Malaci will be invalidated
to a point where there is a direct sequence of variation from one
to the other, and the question of relationship between these two
groups, hitherto regarded as remote (although Jones has sug-
gested an affinity between A. malacus and his Argophylli), will
have to be reconsidered. As this raises the much larger question
of the value of the septum as a criterion in Astragalus as a whole,
a subject quite outside the scope of this paper, it is preferable
to refer A. pseudiodanthus at least temporarily to the Jodantht
of Xylophacos until a more natural expression of the complex
interrelations within the genus has been proposed.

Astragalus pseudiodanthus was found in some quantity at
the foot of a low hill which stands up out of the plateau north
of Cactus Peak, at a point where the wind has piled up a dune
of deep yellow sand. It is a strong perennial with a deep root
and prostrate stems, the whole plant ashy with a soft, spreading
indument. The flowers are of a clear reddish-violet, except for
the banner which has a paler eye, while the racemose pods, green
at first but yellowing at maturity, are somewhat variably com-
pressed and arcuate, now spreading and claw-like, now deflexed
and arched to a full circle.

Astragalus uncialis Barneby, spec. nov. inter Cyaneos Rydb. generis
Xylophaci ejus seu Astragali Argophyllos A. Gray quorum leguminis
structuram omnino prebet A. amphioxyi A. Gray forsan maxime affinis
sed ab eo consociisque omnibus foliis 3—5-foliolatis, racemo depauperato
aliisque notulis diversissima adnumeranda.

Perennis czspitosa acaulescens e radice verticali prelonga gracili omni-
bus fere partibus indumento crebro sericeo laxiuscule appresso strigoso-
canescens: caulibus annotinis subnullis, foliis pedunculisque ad summos
ramulos caudicis multicipitis perbrevis validi dense congestis, caudice ipso
stipulis pedunculisque persistentibus confertim vestito: stipulis ovatis vel
late lanceolatis acutis petiolo adnatis 3—4 mm. longis hyalinis 1-nerviis
glabratis ciliatis arctissime imbricatis: foliis petiolo 1—3.5 cm. longo
gracili presertim erecto gestis nunc subpalmatim 3-foliolatis nunc impari-
pinnatis 2-jugis, foliolis brevissime articulatis lineari-lanceolatis vel anguste
ellipticis acutis 6—13 mm. longis pilis crebris adscendentibus utrinque

102 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 5

strigoso-sericeis, 3 summis plerumque valde approximatis (terminali alia
superanti) inferioribus 2, ‘ubi adsunt, rachi ca. 5 mm. longa ab aliis dis-
tantius semotis: pedunculis gracilibus 0.5—1 cm. longis rarissime ad 2 cm.
usque productis inter folia sepultis plerumque 2-floris (1—3) primum
erectis demum fructibus onustis patentibus: bracteis fioralibus pedicello
subzquilongis vel paullo brevioribus lineari-setaceis ca. 3 mm. longis struc-
tura cxterius stipulas simulantibus: floribus magnis ca. 2.8 cm. longis
folia vix superantibus verosimiliter purpureis vel saltem purpureo-suffusis
ad anthesin ignotis: calycis membranacei pilis precipue albis vel nonnullis
brevissimis atris adspersis appresse sericei tubo elongato angusto ca. 1 cm.
longo 0.3 cm. lato ad basin plus minusve obconicam dorsaliter gibbo szpis-
sime leviter arcuato legumine accrescenti mox rupto ore paullulum obliquo
dentibus subulato-setaceis ca. 2.5 mm. longis conspicue ciliatis coronato:
vexillo oblanceolato supra medium 6 mm. lato parum arcuato marginibus
reflexis: alarum carineque subequilongarum (2.2 cm.) limbo tenuissime
unguiculato illarum anguste lunulato sublineari obtuso fere recto 10—12
mm. longo vix 2 mm. lato auriculo minuto obtuso reflexo instructo, hujus
(de latere viso) oblique obovato vel oblanceolato plus minusve falcato
obtusiusculo 8—9 mm. longo 3 mm. lato margine superiore leviter concava
inferiore inferne recta sensim supra medium convexe recurva, auriculo
in dentem minusculum triangularem reducto: legumine patulo sepissime
solo accumbenti subsessili (calyci ut videtur brevissime articulato sed
minime stipitato) 1-loculari 2.5—3 cm. longo, ambitu longitudinali ovato-
lanceolato e€ basi rotundato-truncata sensim acuminato, preter rostrum
triangularem cuspidatum vacuum valde compressum sursumque arcuatum
conspicue dorsoventraliter obcompresso, sutura ventrali carinata proemi-
nenti circa medium leviter arcuata concava dorsali filiformi nisi apicem
versus ubi plerumque acuta tota longitudine depressa sed numquam sulcata,
sectione per mediam partem 1 cm. lata angustissime elliptica vel transverse
lineari suturis obcompressione approximatis 2 mm. tantum alta, valvulis
tenuiter coriaceo-membranaceis firmis, pericarpio pulchre reticulato un-
dique pilis adscendentibus basifixis crebre strigoso: seminibus compressis
oblique reniformibus emarginatis in utraque leguminis valvula numerosis,
funiculo nunc longo nunc abbreviato gestis subbiseriatim dispositis.

NevapDA: forming depressed tufts in alkaline-adobe soil on
a low hill in the vicinity of Currant, northeastern Nye Co., alt.
5300 ft., 22 May 1941, fruct., Ripley & Barneby No. 3563. Type
in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 290407. Plate 1, fig. E.

Astragalus uncialis stands out as a notably distinct species
‘in a group famed for puzzling intergrades. The structure of
the pod is typical of Xylophacos, with the rather thinly cori-
aceous, reticulated valves found in A. amphioxrys A. Gray, but
less arcuate than is usual in that species and abruptly truncate-
rounded, not gradually narrowed, at the insertion. In shape
alone the fruit is perhaps most like that of forms of A. argo-

oe

JANUARY, 1942] PUGILLUS ASTRAGALORUM 103

phyllus Nutt., but in ours the indument is closely appressed and
the endocarp is scarcely pulpy when fresh and not at all woody
in the dry state. The 3—5-foliolate leaves seem to be quite
characteristic: with their slender petiole and narrow, acute,
densely sericeous leaflets they are less suggestive of the plant’s
true affinity than of the rare A. detritalis Jones or perhaps a
species of Orophaca Britt. Trifoliate leaves do occur in the
Eriocarpt and Pygmai series of Xylophacos, but are there com-
bined with either the long-shaggy pods of A. Newberryi A. Gray
or the peculiar fibrous-corky ones of A. musiniensis Jones,
neither of which is closely allied.

Astragalus uncialis was, unfortunately, not collected in bloom,
so the description of the flowers was prepared from the many
perfectly preserved but faded corollas collected in a dry state
from among the leaves, and their color thus remains somewhat
doubtful. However, from the ample traces of purple pigment
found in all the petals it appears probable that the fresh flowers
are of a lively shade. The plants were seen but once, in a small
scattered colony on a bare knoll of stiff, alkaline clay where they
made silvery depressed mats scarcely an inch high and but three
to four inches in diameter. The leaves, peduncles, and stipules
are closely congested upon the many crowns of a densely cespi-
tose and very short caudex, or in the youngest plants rosulate
upon a single sessile crown: true stem is very obscure or want-
ing. The large erect flowers must be extremely handsome at
anthesis, but the pods, in spite of their relatively enormous size
are not conspicuous, being soon reflexed or recumbent on the
ground and largely hidden by the leaves.

Astragalus callithrix Barneby, spec. nov. inter Glareosos Rydb. generis
Xylophaci ejus sive Astragali Argophyllos A. Gray emend. Jones vero-
similiter juxta A. utahensem T. & G. necnon A. nudisiliquum A. Nels.
adnumeranda, sed ab eo legumine tenuius comoso, ab hoc calyce multo
breviore et floribus saturate purpureis, ab ambobus vero preter caules

erectos laxius cespitosos leguminis pericarpio pertenui subchartaceo satis
superque absimilis.

Perennis sed semper primo anno fructifera nec longe perdurans, e collo
radicis prelonge verticalis simplicis laxe caspitosa paucicaulis: caulibus
brevibus plerumque ad medium breviter ramosis flexuosis 2—6 cm. longis,
indumento e pilis rectis patule adscendentibus appressisque basifixis con-
stituto densissime tomentoso-canis : stipulis membranaceis 1—3-nerviis del-
toideo- vel triangulari-acuminatis 2—4 mm. longis petiolo breviter adnatis

104 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. §

sparsiuscule villosis ciliatisque: foliis substrictis patulisve 3—6 cm. longis,
internodiis ca. 5 mm. longis semotis, 7 (4—10) -jugis, petiolo rachique
gracilibus strigoso-canescentibus zquilongis vel eo paullo breviore: foliolis
brevissime articulatis late obovatis vel suborbicularibus apice rotundatis
vix nevix emarginatis 2—6 mm. longis utrinque appresse sericeo-canis
sursum secus rachin sensim decrescentibus: pedunculis erectis striatis 2—4
cm. longis gracilibus, fructiferis sepe patulis vix elongatis rigidioribus,
in racemum 5—12-florum ad anthesin 1—2 cm. longum post anthesin mox
elongatum demum duplo longiorem abeuntibus: floribus erectis speciosis
saturate purpureis 1.7—1.8 cm. longis: bracteis floralibus lanceolato-
acuminatis hyalinis 1-nerviis longe villosis pedicellum gracillimum 1—1.5
mm. longum saltem 2-plo superantibus: calycis membranacei purpuras-
centis tubo sparsiuscule albo-villoso 5—6 mm. longo, vix 2 mm. lato, post
anthesin ovario accrescente paullulum inflato demum ruptili, ad basin pos-
tice gibbo, ore conspicue obliquo, dentibus subulatis 1—1.5 mm. longis
ciliatis coronato: vexillo purpureo oblanceolato porrecto versus medium
leviter arcuato conduplicato marginibus reflexis, plica pallida plus minusve
lineolata instructo, ad apicem szpissime declinatum bidentato, dentibus
acutis : alis ca. 1.5 cm. longis, limbo unguiculum filiformem fere 2-plo super-
anti lineari-lanceolato acutiusculo subrecto purpureo, auriculo obtuso re-
flexo ca. 1 mm. longo predito: carinze 12—13 mm. longe limbo de latere
viso oblique oblanceolato-falcato valde obtuso ca. 2 mm. lata, marginibus
arcuatis inferiore ultra medium gradatim convexa superiore per longi-
tudinem totam leviter concava: legumine erecto sessili (revera articulo
brevissimo insidenti) 1-loculari parum inflato e basi truncato-rotundata
oblique ovoideo fere in annulum dimidium arcuato-inflexo et visu laterali
lunato, 1—1.3 cm. longo, 0.6 cm. lato, preter apicem adeo compressum
abrupte acutum cuspidatum dorsoventraliter obcompresso 2—3 mm. alto,
secus suturam dorsalem filiformem sulco aperto haud profundo nec longe
supra leguminis medium producto percurso, sutura ventrali angustissime
carinata proeminente valde concava, sectione late cordata, valvulis tenuiter
coriaceis subchartaceis undique indumento e pilis patulis albis nitidis ca.
2 mm. longis flexuosis sed haud intertextis constituto crebriusculo sed inter
affines sparso nec pericarpium tenuiter reticulatum viridem obscuranti
pulcherrime sericeo-comosis: seminibus numerosis suborbicularibus com-
pressis emarginatis 1—2 mm. latis laevibus ochraceis.

NevapA: in deep sands of the valley seven miles south of
Callaway, northeast Nye Co., alt. 5150 ft., 26 May 1941, fl. and
fr., Ripley & Barneby No. 3631. Type in Herb. Calif. Acad.
Sci., No. 290401. Plate 1, fig. C.

Astragalus callithrix is somewhat anomalous in Xylophacos,
having an unusually slender growth and delicate pods for a
member of this section. Nevertheless the indument of the whole
plant and particularly of the fruit, the long narrow flowers, and
tubular calyx are all typical of the group. Its immediate affini-

JANUARY, 1942] PUGILLUS ASTRAGALORUM 105

ties are less evident than its position in the genus as a whole.
Possibly it is derived from A. utahensis T. & G., but may be
easily separated from that species by the longer internodes, more
slender root and by its smaller, much less villous pods which
are borne in elongated racemes. The same characters, exclud-
ing the indument of the fruit, serve to distinguish it from
A. nudisiliquus A. Nels., which, moreover, has the calyx-tube a
half longer and ochroleucous flowers. The small, thin-walled
pods invite comparison with A. desperatus Jones, a rather
isolated species included by Jones in his Argophylli but which
was referred by Rydberg to the segregate genus Batidophaca:
this, however, has narrow leaflets, campanulate calyx, short
flowers, a wholly diverse indument, aa the characteristic wiry
stems of a crevice-plant.

Owing to the porous nature of the soil and the sharp drain-
age of the upper levels, dune-plants have a marked tendency to
develop either an exceptionally deep and heavy root-system or
a truly annual habit, and it is doubtless in response to these same
factors that A. callithrix is adapted to a short life-cycle. Many
individuals collected in flower and fruit were clearly in their
first year of growth and did not appear likely to outlast the
summer. Examination of a range of specimens, however, reveals
traces of at least two seasons’ growth in the larger plants and
A. callithrix must therefore be regarded as a very short-lived
perennial.

In the type locality A. callithrix does not occur outside a very
restricted area of deep yellow sand. With its white herbage and
contrasting racemes of brilliant purple flowers it forms a striking
feature of a specialized dune-flora which includes the widespread
Rumex venosus Pursh, a quantity of Gnothera pallida Lindl.,
the recently described Cymopterus Ripleyi Barneby, and a sparse
cover of low shrubs.

Astragalus chamzmeniscus Barneby, spec. nov. inter Malacas Rydb.
generis Hamose Medic. sensu Rydb. A. malaco A. Gray et verosimiliter
A. feensi Jones affinis adnumeranda, sed ab eo caulibus prostratis, pedun-
culis folio superatis, indumento breviore aliisque notulis diversissima, ab
hoc (cujus habitum simulare videtur) foliolis superne glabris, pube aliena
et presertim legumine majore patule villoso nec appresse striguloso satis
distincta.

Perennis undique molliter villoso-pubescens e collo radicis lignose
pluricipitis verticalis multicaulis, caulibus plerumque simplicibus prostratis

106 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 5

parum flexuosis ca. 7 cm. longis albo-villosulis fere e basi arcte foliatis et
racemigeris: stipulis inferioribus conspicuis late ovato-ellipticis obtusius-
culis scariosis 5 mm. longis circa caulem breviter connatis in superiores
angustiores acuminatas subliberas 3—4 mm. longis margine tantum scariosa
cinctas sensim decrescentibus: foliis breviter petiolatis 3—5 cm. longis
7—9-jugis, foliolis confertis vix contiguis sepe conduplicatis petiolulo
0.5 mm. longo croceo articulatis obovatis vel oblanceolatis basi cuneatis
apice rotundatis truncatis vel leviter retusis 5—8 mm. longis 2—4 mm.
latis, imis seepe alternis sursum decrescentibus superne omnino glabratis
inferne pallidis rachique pilis mollibus griseis arcuatis plus minusve inter-
textis patule villoso-canescentibus : racemis paucis 3—7-floris subcapitatis :
pedunculis gracilibus rectis folio suffulcranti superatis fructiferis immu-
tatis : bracteis floralibus subulato- vel deltoideo-acuminatis 2—4 mm. longis
subscariosis pedicello nunc zequilongis nunc fere duplo longioribus: calycis
tubuloso-campanulati pilis longiusculis crispis przesertim albis vel paucis
nigris commixtis villoso-hirsutuli tubo ca. 6 mm. longo 2—2.5 mm. lato
ovario accrescenti demum rupto dentibus subulatis 1.5—2 mm. longis vil-
losis ciliatisque coronato: floribus rubro-violaceis (in sicco omnino ex-
sanguibus) 10—13 mm. longis: vexillo supra basin angustatam late ovato
retuso macula pallida striata instructo medium versus arcuato marginibus
reflexis; alis brevioribus tenuissime unguiculatis lamina anguste lunulata
obtusa auriculo suborbiculari 1 mm. lato preedita: carina et breviore obtusa
oblique truncata : legumine patulo seepissime solo accumbenti ambitu lanceo-
lato utrinque abrupte acuto apice cuspidato ad basin in stipitem validum
1—2 mm. longum angustato valde compresso fere tricarinato sutura ven-
trali concave arcuata leviter falcato 2.5—3.5 cm. longo 5—6 mm. alto
latoque dorsaliter late sed haud profunde sulcato, septo membranaceo
valvulis inflexis adnatis efformato ad suturam ventralem usque sed vix
in leguminis apicem producto fere omnino biloculari, coriaceo firmo trans-
verse reticulato pilis sparsis crispis villoso, sectione per mediam partem
anguste deltoideo-cordata: seminibus compressis oblique reniformibus ad
hilum emarginatis ca. 2.5 mm. latis levibus olivaceis.

NEvADA: in deep somewhat alkaline sands on a low hill in
the valley of the White River near Sunnyside, Nye Co., alt. 4900
ft., 25 May 1941, fl. and fr., Ripley & Barneby No. 3614. Type
in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 290398. Plate 1, fig. A.

The affinities of this species are fairly straightforward, the
structure of the pod placing it in close relation to the Malace of
Rydberg’s genus Hamosa or the Malaci of the earlier revisions.
The falcate, rather thinly villous legume, wholly two-celled
except at the tip by the intrusion of the lower suture, is strongly
reminiscent of that of A. malacus A. Gray, but the pubescence
in ours is shorter, finer, and more sparse, the sulcus is wider and
less deep, while the texture of the valves is firmer, becoming

JANUARY, 1942] PUGILLUS ASTRAGALORUM 107

almost woody in age. In both, however, the pods are narrowed
at base to a short but strong stipe obscured by the calyx, a
character well-described by Jones but which Rydberg (1929,
p. 417) by implication denies to A. malacus, one of the generic
criteria of his Hamosa being the strictly sessile fruit. In vege-
tative characters A. chamemeniscus differs conspicuously from
A. malacus by its slender, prostrate, and abbreviated stems, by
the lack of pubescence on the upper surface of the leaves, and
by the shortly pedunculate, few-flowered racemes. Superficially
more similar, at least in gross habit, is the cespitose A. feensis
Jones, an obscure New Mexican species which does not appear
to have been seen since 1847 when Fendler collected some frag-
ments, in fruit only, in the vicinity of Santa Fe. From the de-
scription and from a photograph of the type preserved with a
single leaf in the Herbarium of Pomona College, this seems to
be amply distinct in its smaller stipules, in the appressed and
rather coarse silvery-strigose pubescence not confined to the
lower surface of the leaflets as in A. chamemeniscus, and in the
smaller, stigulose and not spreading-villous pods.

Astragalus chamemeniscus was seen but once, growing with
A. toanus Jones in deep, somewhat alkaline sands on a dry knoll
by the lower waters of the White River.* It was extremely rare,
prolonged search revealing only about a dozen plants. In habit
it resembles Dalea mollis Benth.: the short, prostrate branches,
closely set with softly villous herbage, radiate from the summit
of a stout tap-root and form depressed, circular mats from one
to almost two decimeters in diameter. The flowers are of a
bright reddish-violet with a pale, striate, diamond-shaped blotch
on the banner and are produced in small clusters among the leaves
on very short peduncles, while the heavy, crescent-shaped pods,
disproportionately large for the plant and often half-hidden by
the extremities of the leaves, are spread out in a ring upon the
sand.

Astragalus calycosus Torr. var. monophyllidius (Rydb.)
Barneby, comb. nov. Hamosa monophyllidia Rydb., N. Amer.
Fl. 24 :421 (1929).

* Also collected by Miss Alice Eastwood and Mr. J. T. Howell in the
upper valley of the White River in adjacent White Pine Co., about 35 miles
north of the type station (Hastwood & Howell No. 9379, 25 miles southwest
of Ely). In these specimens the calyx is found to be somewhat variable in
twee being sometimes only 4 mm. long with the teeth proportionately
shorter.

108 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. 5

The unifoliolate condition of the leaves, used by Rydberg as
a major character, is not constant. While specimens collected
along Currant Creek (No. 3550), in the vicinity of the type
locality, show the majority of the leaves reduced to a single
leaflet, in nearly all some trifoliolate ones occur. The same is
true of isotypic material in Herb. Pomona, which exactly matches
our collection. A few miles to the west, near Callaway, a further
gathering was made (No. 3624) on the bare, rocky foothills
below the pinyon-belt, which, although still referable to H. mono-
phyllidia, shows an even more marked tendency to multiplication
of leaflets. Moreover, in typical A. calycosus the lowest leaves
are often simple. In view of this variation, and as I have been
unable to find any feature in the flower or pod which does not
occur elsewhere in the range of A. calycosus, it seems proper to
reduce H. monophyllidia to a variety of that species. In spite
of a very close resemblance to the type, it does appear to be a
small race with the inherited character of large, predominantly
simple leaves and, in so far as it is readily recognizable, worthy
of a name.

It may be that further study will show that several micro-
species are contained in A. calycosus sens. lat., particularly
towards the periphery of its area of distribution. Among these
are A. chromoseminus Greene MS. ex Jones in syn. and the
robust plant which Jones cited as A. scaposus A. Gray from

Figures or ASTRAGALUS

Fig. A. A. chamemeniscus. 1, pod x %; 2, pod x %; 3, cross-section
of pod x 24; 4, flower x 214; 5, wing-petal x 2; 6, keel x 2; 7, lower
stipules x 1%; 8, leaf x %.

Fig. B. A. pseudiodanthus. 1, pod (lateral view) x 1%; 2, pod (front
view) x 1%; 3, cross-section of pod x 2%; 4, flower x 2%; 5, wing-petal
x 24%; 6, keel x 2%; 7, leaf x %.

Fig. C. A. callithrix. 1, pod x 2%; 2, cross-section of pod x 2%;
3, flower x 2; 4, wing-petal x 1%; 5, keel x 14; 6, leaf x %.

Fig. D. A. toquimanus. 1, pod x 1%; 2, cross-section of pod x 2%;
3, flower x 214; 4, wing-petal x 2%; 5, keel x 2%; 6, leaf x %.

Fig. E. A. uncialis. 1, pod (lateral view) x %; 2, pod (seen from
above) x %; 3, flower x %; 4, wing-petal x 4%; 5, keel x %; 6, leaves
x %; 7, cross-section of pod x 1%.

Fig. F. A. Nuttallianus vars. 1—3, var. piliferus: 1, pod x 1%;
2, cross-section of pod x 2%; 3, leaf x 114. 4 and 5, var. imperfectus: 4, pod

x 1%; 5, cross-section of pod x 21%. 6, var. trichocarpus: cross-section
of pod x 2%.

JANUARY, 1942] PUGILLUS ASTRAGALORUM 109

Owens Valley. These are not sufficiently known to warrant
description at the present time.

Astragalus Nuttallianus DC. var. imperfectus (Rydb.)
Barneby, comb. nov. Hamosa imperfecta Rydb., Bull. Torr.
Club 54 :329 (1927).

Nevapa: calcareous hills near Garnet, Clark Co., alt. 2300
ft., 6 May 1941, Ripley & Barneby No. 3338; arid slopes near
Searchlight, Clark Co., alt. 4100 ft., 8 May 1941, No. 3355
(forma leguminibus strigulosis). CALIFORNIA: calcareous gravel
hills on Darwin Mesa, Inyo Co., alt. 5200 ft., 6 June 1941, No.
3771 (leguminibus strigulosis). Plate 1, fig. F, 4 and 5.

The first collection cited is exactly Hamosa imperfecta as
from the type locality at Rhyolite, Nevada, and differs from the
common form of A, Nuttallianus with glabrous pods and acute
leaflets (Hamosa Emoryana Rydb. sens. strict.) only by the lack
of septum. The other two collections differ from typical H. im-
perfecta by having strigulose pods, and except for the wholly
one-celled legume are indistinguishable from A. Nuttallianus var.
trichocarpus T. & G. (H. austrina Small), at least as that plant
occurs in the far western states (plate 1, fig. F 6). This vari-
ation in pubescence of the fruit does not appear to have great
significance and is not correlated with distribution. The very
full series of A. Nuttallianus forms in the Herbarium of Pomona
College shows that the var. imperfectus occurs in the glabrous
form in northern Arizona (Mohave Co., Peebles No. 13145;
Yucca, Jones), in southern Nevada (Good Springs, Jones in
1905), and in southeast California (Panamint Mts. Hall &
Chandler No. 6939; Old Woman Mts., Jaeger; Whipple Mts.,
Peirson No. 11494), while the strigulose form has been found,
in addition to the collections of this year, in the Providence Mts.
(Munz, Johnston & Harwood No. 4231) and Old Dad Mts.
(Jones) of the eastern Mohave Desert of California and in
southern Utah (St. George, Jones). Rydberg also records the
glabrous form from Baja California. In view of the lack of geo-
graphic segregation, it seems proper to regard all forms desti-
tute of partition within the pod as representative of a single
entity, but in so doing the varieties trichocarpus T. & G. and
canescens T. & G. ex Wats. sens. restrict. auct. calif. (Hamosa
Emoryana Rydb., 7. e., the form with glabrous pods), which are
divided only by this same character of indument, are automati-

110 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. II, NO. 5

cally invalidated, and both will have to be referred to a single
variety of A. Nuttallianus, separated from the typical race of
the southeastern states by the narrow, acute, and more canescent
leaflets, but not distinct from one another. In this case the
varietal name trichocarpus must be used for the aggregate, as
the more appropriate canescens which, as shown by Rydberg
(1927, p. 327), technically includes both forms, is unfortunately
a later synonym. The only alternatives are either to create a
forma imperfecta for both the glabrous and the strigulose varie-
ties, thereby subordinating a point of structure to one of indu-
ment, or a forma canescens for the varieties with and without
septum, a logical classification but more elaborate than is justified
by the current treatments of the genus.

In all the collections of var. imperfectus cited the unilocular
condition of the fruit is constant, and examination of many indi-
viduals in the field has led me to the conclusion that it is an
hereditary character. While intimately connected with var.
trichocarpus and occurring sporadically throughout the western
range of that variety, it does not intergrade or hybridize, and
the two races, even when found in the same vicinity, do not seem
to grow in immediate association.

Astragalus Nuttallianus DC. var. piliferus Barneby, var. nov. A typo
et preesertim a var. trichocarpo T. & G. caulibus robustis nec filiformibus
plerumque prostratis, foliolis truncatis conspicue retusis, pedunculis brevis-
simis firmis, legumine paulo latiori magis compresso maturo inter semina
aliquantulum constricto per longitudinem totam (nec precipue basin
versus) arcuato et preterea foliorum leguminumque indumento e pilis
canis validis constituto multo crebriori patulo satis distincta videtur.
A var. acutirostri (S. Wats.) Jeps., cui foliolis retusis approximatur,
leguminis numquam resupinati forma, indumento alieno, floribus minoribus
carinaque obtusa nec rostrata et distantius recedit.

NevapA: alkaline gravelly slope in the foothills of the Spotted
Range, Nye Co., alt. 3200 ft., 14 May 1941, Ripley & Barneby
No. 3430. Type in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 290399. Plate 1,
fig. F, 1—3.

The propesed variety falls well within the specific limits of
A. Nuttallianus sens. lat. as treated by Jepson (1936, p. 379),
but seems to be distinct from anything described hitherto. The
indument of rather long, stiff, spreading hairs, the rigid branches,
broad, retuse leaflets, and very short (1—2 cm.) peduncles com-
bine to give the plant an aspect altogether unlike that of A. Nut-

JANUARY, 1942] PUGILLUS ASTRAGALORUM 111

tallianus var. trichocarpus, while the minute flowers with their
obtuse keel and the much flattened, slightly torulose pod, regu-
larly arched throughout its entire length to the fourth part of a
circle, are quite at variance with the variety acutirostris. Usually
the plants branch from the root-crown and have a short, erect
central stem, the few lateral branches being quite prostrate and
considerably longer. A collection made by Marcus Jones at
Indian Springs (15 May 1916, in Herb. Pomona) some fifteen
miles southwest of our station, possibly belongs here, but the
fruit is not mature; otherwise nothing similar has been seen.

This interesting little plant was observed very locally on
the white alkaline-gravel hills which fall away northward from
the Spotted Range towards Frenchman Flat. It grew with
Phacelia Parishu A. Gray, Cymopterus Ripleyi var. saniculoides
Barneby, and Polygala subspinosa 5. Wats., and seemed to form
part of the curious arid-saline flora dominant in this locality.

In summary I append a key to the varieties of A. Nuttallianus
as known from the desert region of California, Nevada, and
western Arizona. Astragalus pertenuis Greene, recorded by
Rydberg (1927, |. c. sub Hamosa) from Goffs in the eastern
Mohave Desert, is not included: this scarcely differs from var.
trichocarpus except in the cuneate, retuse leaflets of the lower
leaves, and is probably confined to Baja California. Rydberg
himself omitted the record from his final revision (1929, p. 431).

A. Pod (glabrous or strigulose) sulcate dorsally but wholly 1-celled,
Bepeiitn GUsOletes Se ee ee ce te oa var. umperfectus
A. Pod 2-celled by inflexion of the sulcate dorsal suture.
B. Leaflets at least of upper leaves acute; pod strigose or glabrous
PRAT TM Seem si ese we 2 KEL de eee Pee EET var. trichocarpus
B. All leaflets retuse or at least truncate; pod not glabrous.
C. Keel acute; pod appressed-strigose, often resupinate............
Be Nie ghee Somes 1 cuhaee dV ER See yeh ila OAs var. acuttirostris
C. Keel obtuse; pod long strigose-hirsute with curved hairs
Eo ORE RS OSS ee Pe SRE ETT eA AREER SS, var. piliferus

Astragalus toquimanus Barneby, spec. nov. inter Misella generis Tii
sensu Rydb. seu Astragali Hamosos Jones juxta A. misellum S. Wats.
a quo caulibus strictis carina acutirostri et prasertim legumine membra-
naceo maculato glaucescenti glaberrimo differt adnumeranda.

Perennis erecta multicaulis e radice lignescenti valida preter fructus
petalosque undique pilis brevibus adscendentibus sparsis appresse strigulosa
viridis vel partibus junioribus cinerascens: caulibus simplicibus numerosis
striatis sepe purpurascentibus strictis ca. 2 dm. longis e caudice brevi multi-

112 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 5

cipite ortis inferne denudatis rectis supra medium flexuosis crebre foliatis
racemigerisque: stipulis herbaceis petiolo breviter adnatis 2—3 mm. longis
imis deltoideis acutis in superiores angustiores acuminatas gradatim de-
crescentibus: foliis adscendentibus petiolo brevi gracili incluso 6—8 cm.
longis, (4—) 6—8-jugis, foliolis conspicue articulatis seepe alternis remoti-
usculis 5—8 mm. longis foliorum imorum haud raro late oblongis truncatis
apice retusis ceterius oblanceolatis conduplicatis plus minusve retrorsus
arcuatis emarginatis tantum utrinque pilis griseis brevissimis appresse
strigulosis viridibus vel primum adeo cinereis, facie superiore rarius glabre-
scenti: pedunculis gracilibus patule adscendentibus 3—5 cm. longis in race-
mum 10—20-florum ad anthesin confertiusculum mox valde elongatum
fructiferum laxissime secundum abeuntibus: floribus patulis parvis ca.
6 mm. longis ochroleucis plus minusve purpureo-lineolatis vel -suffusis :
bracteis floralibus subulatis 1.5—2 mm. longis membranaceis pedicellos
plerumque 2-plo superantibus calyceque pilis nigris albisque paucis com-
mixtis strigoso-pubescentibus: tubo calycino campanulato basin versus
leviter obliquo 2.5—3 mm. longo dentibus lineari-subulatis 1 mm. longis
sinu obtusissimo separatis coronato: petalis in sicco hyalinis subzequilongis ;
vexillo late obovato apice profunde emarginato ad medium abrupte retro-
arcuato, lamina conduplicata ca. 3 mm. longa angulum fere rectum cum
axi primario efformanti: alarum limbo ca. 1.5 mm. lato, auriculo angusto
reflexo incluso 4 mm. longo, leviter lunulato obtuso: carine wquilonge
margine inferiore abrupte angulata nec sensim arcuata, lamina (de visu
laterali) oblique 3-angulari in apicem valde acutum erectum subrostri-
formem purpureo-tinctum acuminata: legumine pendulo (e calyce haud
rupto demum recurvato dependenti) stipitato compresso adeo inflato glaber-
rimo, stipite gracillimo 3—4 mm. longo excluso fere 2 cm. longo, ambitu
oblique lanceolato lunulato utrinque acuto ca. 4 mm. alto latoque stylo
persistenti apiculato, sutura ventrali acute carinata concave arcuata sensim
falcato, dorsaliter fere tota longitudine profunde sulcato, septo saltem
2 mm. alto sutura inferiori valvulisque inflexis adnatisque efformato ad
suturam ventralem usque sed vix ad leguminis apicem producto subperfecte
2-loculari, sectione per mediam partem inverse Y-formi, pericarpio tenuiter
coriaceo preesertim translucido levissimo glaucescenti pulchre purpureo-
maculato: seminibus ca. 12 subquadratis compressis 2—2.5 mm. latis ad
hilum emarginatis brunneis nitidis.

NeEvapA: in a canyon of the Toquima Range about six miles
east of Manhattan, Nye Co., alt. 7000 ft., 1 June 1941, fl. and
fr., Ripley & Barneby No. 3692. Type in Herb. Calif. Acad.
Sci., No. 290403. Also ibid., 19 July 1941, fruct., No. 3996.
Plate 1, fig. D.

Astragalus toquimanus has the somewhat scoparious habit
and small ochroleucous flowers of the group of loco-weeds allied
to A. diversifolius Sheld. (the series Campestres of Rydberg’s
Homalobus), but the gently falcate, long-stipitate pod, almost

JANUARY, 1942] PUGILLUS ASTRAGALORUM 113

two-celled by intrusion of the dorsal suture, reveals a close
relationship to A. Howelli A. Gray and A. misellus S. Wats.,
both species of interior southern Oregon which are not known
to extend south into Nevada. From these two, which may not
be specifically distinct, and particularly from the latter which
has similarly small yellowish flowers, A. toquimanus differs by
its strictly erect stems, different pubescence, and perfectly gla-
brous pod, with the valves thinner in texture and beautifully
mottled. The peculiarly acute, almost beaked and “oxytropidoid”
keel is constant in our specimens and is a character unique among
species closely allied, although it occurs in the neighboring
Hamosa. Astragalus inyoensis Sheld., also of this group but
ranging farther west along the California-Nevada border, may
be quickly distinguished by its diffuse, zigzag stems, purplish
flowers, and strigose pod abruptly inflated above the stipe.

Astragalus toquimanus is not uncommon locally in the
pinyon-belt between Belmont and Manhattan, where it is found
growing up through sagebrush on gravelly slopes in the canyons,
and it probably occurs under similar conditions throughout the
Toquima Range. The stems are typically erect and very numer-
ous, almost fastigiate below but spreading a little upwards to
form dense, flat-topped, dome-like plants, very leafy and flo-
riferous. The elegant pods, pendant and secund along the lax
racemes, are notably glaucescent when fresh, but this character,
like the mottling, is less evident in the dry state.

ASTRAGALUS SHOCKLEYI M. E. Jones.

Nevapa: foothills of the Toquima Range, seven miles south
of Belmont, Nye Co., alt. 6800 ft., Ripley & Barneby No. 3673
(flor.), No. 4000 (fruct.).

This is one of the rarest species, described by Jones from
fruiting material only, and afterwards confused by him with the
very closely allied A. Serenoi (Kze.) Sheld. As the flowers
were unknown even to Rydberg, a description is appended here.

Calyx much as in A. Serenot, conspicuously black-strigose (in one
specimen mostly white-strigose), the tube tapering at base, 7—8 mm. long,
the teeth subulate 1—2 mm. long. Corolla deep tawny yellow, paler within
the calyx, the banner striate with purple veins and the keel broadly purple-
tipped. Banner oblanceolate, emarginate at apex, 12—15 mm. long, moder-
ately arched. Wing-petals a little shorter, exceeding the keel by about

2 mm., the blade narrowly oblong, somewhat falcate, including the reflexed
auricle 6 mm. long. Keel-petals broadly lunate, the blade about 5 mm. long,

IIl4 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VoL. III, NO. 5

the upper margins a little concave, the lower (adnate) straight below,
abruptly arched at the middle towards the obtuse summit.

Astragalus Shockleyi was found on the last, gentle slopes of
the Toquima Range, where the mountains gave way to a broad
sagebrush valley and where the soil, although not noticed at the
time, was probably of alkaline composition. It grew in colonies,
pushing up through bushes of Artemisia, and was locally abun-
dant. In addition to the characters enumerated by Rydberg
(1929, p. 399) in his key to Brachyphragma, the coloring and
smaller size of the flowers, as described above, will be of service
in separating the species from A. Serenoi.

LITERATURE CITED
Jepson, W. L.
1936. Astragalus im Fl. Calif. 2:342—380.
Jones, M. E.
1923. Revision of N. Amer. species of Astragalus, 1—288.
Porter, C. L.
1939. A revision of the subgenus Diholcos of the genus Astragalus.
Amer. Jour. Bot. 26 :690—693.
Rypserc, P. A.

1927. Notes on Fabacee: the genus Hamosa. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club
54 :13—23, 321—336.
1929. Fabacez subtribe Astragalane in N. Amer. FI. 24, parts 5, 6,
: 7 :251—462.

OBSERVATIONS ON CALIFORNIAN PLANTS—II

BY ROBERT F. HOOVER

EPHEDRA CALIFORNICA Wats. has been known to extend in
the inner South Coast Ranges as far north as Fresno and San
Benito counties, but has not been reported as occurring in western
Merced County, where it is notably plentiful on barren rocky
hills in the watershed of Ortigalita Creek. Collected in Piedra
Azul Canyon, Hoover No. 4371.

SCHISMUS BARBATUS (L.) Thell. is introduced in Arizona
and in Kern and Riverside counties, California. Of the col-
lections reported by me under that name (Madrofio 3: 229 and
Leafl. West. Bot. 2: 273), only the one from Bena, Kern County,
Hoover No. 936, actually represents S. barbatus. The others,
all of which are from the vicinity of the Kettleman Hills in

JANUARY, 1942] CALIFORNIAN PLANTS 115

Fresno and Kings counties, apparently belong to S. arabicus
Nees. In any event, they are indistinguishable from a collection
made near Jericho, Palestine, by Meyers and Dinsmore, dis-
tributed by A. Kneucker as S. arabicus. On the basis of speci-
mens now available, the two species can be distinguished as
follows:

Glumes 4—5 mm. long ; lemmas rounded and emarginate at apex, hairy

only near margins or sparsely so on the back; palea equalling
VAL eae ie RS ARE ee dae et ale Les SE a S. barbatus

Glumes 5—6 mm. long; lemmas parted into two acute lobes, densely

long-hairy over the back; palea shorter than lemma.............. S. arabicus
Schismus arabicus has never, to my knowledge, been reported
as introduced in America, although in the restricted area where
it occurs in California it is abundant and has the appearance of
having been established for many years.

MrraBiLis L#vis (Benth.) Curran is similar to Ephedra
californica in geographical distribution and grows with that spe-
cies in western Merced County, where its occurrence seems not
to have been previously known.

JUSSI®A REPENS L. apparently has not been recognized as
a member of the Californian flora, but has been collected between
Warnerville and Knights Ferry Stanislaus County, Hoover No.
2390, and one mile west of Chinese Camp, Tuolumne County,
Hoover No. 2557. A collection from Jamestown, Tuolumne
County, Mrs. W. J. Williamson No. 320, is represented in the
herbarium both at Stanford University and at the University of
California, and one from Yosemite Junction, Tuolumne County,
June 5, 1931, Mrs. E. C. Van Dyke, is in the herbarium of the
California Academy of Sciences.

From J. californica (Wats.) Jepson, the only other Cali-
fornian species of the genus, J. repens usually can be readily
distinguished by its hairy herbage, which is somewhat glandular.
Of more importance, however, are the large firm dark green
stipules, which are very conspicuous in living plants and easily
visible even after drying. In J. californica the herbage is rarely
somewhat hairy on the young parts, but the stipules are invari-
ably minute and soft.

There may be some doubt as to whether the plants under
discussion are correctly referred to J. repens. In herbarium
material the name is applied to more than one kind of plant, but

116 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 5

several specimens from South America in the University of
California herbarium and one from Australia in the herbarium
of the California Academy of Sciences, which are labelled as
J. repens, seem identical with the specimens cited above. The
species has all the appearance of a native plant where it grows
in California. This occurrence is not surprising in view of the
fact that the species is widely distributed over the warmer parts
of the earth.

NEW SPECIES OF CASTILLEJA
BY ALICE EASTWOOD

Castilleja Hoffmanni Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules ramosi ex radice
lignea, simplices vel interdum ramosi supra, 2—4 dm. alti, omnino glandu-
losi; foliis plerumque integris, lineari-lanceolatis, 2—4 cm. longis, 2—4
mm. latis; racemis glanduloso-pilosis, primo capitatis, deinde elongatis;
floribus coccineis sessilibus vel brevipedicellatis, curvatis prorsus, circa
3—4 cm. longis; bracteis trilobatis, segmentis linearibus rubris; calyce
coccineo bisecto posteriore profundiore, circa 2 cm. longo, superanti labium
vel breviore tubo calycis, segmentis breviter lobatis ; galea coccinea, gracili,
circa 2 cm. longa; labio protuberanti, breviter tridentato, dentibus zequalibus
brevibus.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 168558, collected May 26,
1928, on Mt. Pinos, Ventura County, California, by John
Thomas Howell, No. 3840, between Chula Vista Camp and
summit of the mountain.

It is named in honor of the late Ralph Hoffmann, who also
collected it on Mt. Pinos, elevation 8700 ft., on a rocky slope.
Mr. Howell’s specimen was the better one to take as the type.
A tall branching specimen, apparently the same, was collected
on the same mountains at an elevation of 8000 ft., July 27, 1931, ~
by Epling and Dunn. The type specimen and that of Ralph
Hoffmann are about 2 dm. high and the stems simple.

Castilleja pannosa Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules ramosi ex basi lignea,
simplices, erecti, 3—4 dm. alti, vestiti omnino pilis albis, brevibus et longi-
oribus, articulatis, divaricatis; foliis oblongis, obtusis vel acutis, circa
5 mm. latis, 3 cm. longis, 3—5-sectis, rhachide lata, nervata, segmentis
angustis, medio latiore; bracteis inferioribus similibus foliis superioribus ;
bracteis supremis lineari-oblongis, obtusis, strictis, pallido-carneis vel
pallido-ochroleucis; floribus nonihil separatis, brevipedicellatis circa 2.5
cm. longis; calyce attingenti vel superanti galeam, segmentis oblongis, apice
obtusis vel lato-crenatis ; corolla ochroleuca, gracillima, 2.5 cm. longa, galea

JANUARY, 1942] STUDIES IN PHACELIA 117

superanti labium 2—3 mm., dorso puberula, apice acuta; labio paulo sac-
cato, segmentis erectis, obtusis, circa 2 mm. longis; stigmate exserto ex
anteriore parte galez.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 235585, collected June 25,
1936, near Anatone, Asotin County, Washington, near the south-
eastern corner of Washington close to the border of Idaho, by
Eastwood and Howell, No. 3241.

This differs from its relatives which are related to C. pilosa
( Wats.) Greenm, in the more loosely flowered spike, the longer,
more slender flowers, and the peculiar fine jointed hairs most
abundant in the inflorescence. It is nearest to C. lutea Heller
differing in the pubescence of jointed hairs, the broad leaves,
the more loosely flowered spike, and the more slender corolla.
The name describes the ragged appearance of the inflorescence.

Castilleja uliginosa Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules perennes, simplices,
3—5 dm. alti, tenuiter villosi, villis non quis et paululum glandulosis ; foliis
oblongis vel oblongo-lanceolatis, circa 4 cm. longis, 8—12 mm. latis, apice
obtusis, basi sessilibus, infimis foliis imbricatis, scabro-hispidulis; spicis
10—15 cm. longis, 3 cm. latis, ochraceis; bracteis infimis similibus follis,
bracteis supremis trifidis, segmentis acuminatis; floribus infimis occultis
bracteis, floribus superioribus superantibus bracteas, floribus superioribus
circa 3 cm. longis; calyce circa 23 mm. longo, segmentis plerumque brevi-
oribus tubo, apice bidentato vel bisecto, glanduloso-villoso; galea circa
zquilonga tubo, dorso scabro-hispida; labio parvo, protuberanti, segmentis
exterioribus acuminatis, 1 mm. longis, interioribus minimis.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 252047, collected at Pitkin
Marsh,* Sonoma County, California, June 6, 1937, by John
Thomas Howell, No. 13031. It resembles C. pallida Kunth in
general appearance, but the character of the lower lip of the
corolla is that of the C. miniata group.

STUDIES IN PHACELIA—II
BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

Phacelia (§ Eutroca) Peirsoniana J. T. Howell, spec. nov. Annua,
glanduloso-villosa vel -puberula, 1—4 dm. alta, erecta, equabiliter foli-
fera, pauciramosa ex basi et ramosa supra; foliis vel late ovatis vel orbicu-
laribus vel etiam latioribus quam longa, plerumque 1—3.5 cm. longis et
latis, obtusis, basi cordatis reniformibus truncatis vel etiam rotundatis,
glandulosis et scabrido-hirsutulis, dentatis crenatis vel fere repando-
crenatis, petiolis 1—4 (—6) cm. longis; racemis sessilibus vel breviter

* See article by Milo S. Baker, Leafl. West. Bot. 1: 103 (1934), “Pitkin
Marsh, a floral island at Vine Hill, Sonoma County, California.”

118 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 5

pedunculatis, laxifloris, floribus inferioribus distantibus, confertioribus
supra, pedicellis plerumque 1—5 mm. longis vel raro infimis 10 mm. longis ;
sepalis ad anthesin 3—4 mm. longis, 0.5—0.75 mm. latis, lineari-oblongis
vel oblanceolato-oblongis, valde accrescentibus, in fructu 7—8 mm. longis
et 1—3 mm. latis, oblanceolato-spathulatis ; corolla tubulato-campanulata,
dilute violacea vel albescenti, 5 mm. longa, 3.5—4 mm. lata, lobis vix patenti-
bus, 1—1.5 mm. longis; squamis variabilibus, angustis et oblongis vel lati-
oribus et semiovalibus et semiovatis, 1—1.5 mm. longis, non ad filamenta
adnatis; staminibus paululum inzequalibus, 2.5—3.3 mm. longis, filamentis
sparse pilosis basi, antheris minutis, 0.3—0.5 mm. longis; stylo et ramis
2—3 mm. longis, ramis brevibus, 0.25—0.5 mm. longis ; ovario 1 mm. longo,
hirsutulo, ovulis 40—50; capsula 4—6 mm. longa, oblonga, obtuse truncata,
apiculata; seminibus fuscis vel nigrescentibus, oblongis, 1—1.3 mm. longis.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad! Sci. No. 292778, in crévicesvos
volcanic rocks under Pinus monophylla west of Little Round
Valley, alt. about 7000 ft., Mono Co., California, Aug. 7, 1938,
J. T. Howell No. 14353. Duplicates to be distributed.

Other collections. CALIFORNIA: Crooked Creek, 6700 ft.,
Mono Co., Peirson No. 8208 (FP1); summit of Sherwin Hill,
6400 ft., Mono Co., Peirson No. 11161 (CAS, FP); volcanic
tableland north of Bishop, 7000 ft., Mono Co., Klyver in 1926
(DS) ; 10 miles northeast of Big Pine on road to Westgard Pass,
6500 ft., Inyo Co., Keck No. 536 (CAS, DS, P). Nevapa: Big
Indian Canyon, Hawthorne, Mineral Co., 5000 ft., M@. E. Jones
in 1897 (P); summit of Gold Mt., 8000 ft., Esmeralda Co.,
Keck No. 575 (CAS, DS); in calcareous gravel under cliffs,
Muddy River Valley, 2 to 3 miles south of Caliente, 4500 ft.,
Lincoln Co., Ripley & Barneby No. 3514 (CAS). Of the last
collection, Mr. R. C. Barneby has written as follows: “It was
a rather coarse ill-smelling glandular plant with a very short
fleshy root and very pale mauve corollas largely hidden by the
leaves.”

Phacelia Peirsoniana is most closely related to P. mustelina
Cov., but is readily distinguished from that species (which has
been found mostly around Death Valley) by the strongly accres-
cent calyx, small corolla, small anthers, and larger and generally
fewer seeds. It may be less closely related to P. Lemmonu Gray,
but there are differences of indument, foliage, and fruit by which
it may be separated. The species is respectfully named for my

1 The symbols used to designate herbaria where material has been
examined are as follows: California Academy of Sciences, CAS; Dudley
Herbarium, Stanford University, DS; Frank W. Peirson, Altadena, FP;
Pomona College, P.

JANUARY, 1942] STUDIES IN PHACELIA 119

good friend, Mr. Frank W. Peirson, well-known collector and
discriminating student of the California flora,

2 7 ft

The collections noted below will indicate the occurrence of
certain species of Phacelia in states from which they have ap-
parently not been reported heretofore.

PHACELIA INTEGRIFOLIA Torr., a species widely distributed
from Kansas west to southeastern Utah and south to Mexico,’
was collected in the southern part of Monument Valley, Navajo
Co., northeastern Arizona, in 1938, Eastwood & Howell No.
6645 (CAS).

PHACELIA PULCHELLA Gray var. Goopp1nciI (Brand) J. T.
Howell,® an abundant and characteristic plant of alkaline valleys
in southern Nevada, has been collected in Inyo Co., California,
in Mesquite Valley, about 10 miles north of Kingston, Abrams
No. 14271 (CAS, DS). It has also been collected in north-
western Arizona near Pierces Ferry, Mohave Co., M. E. Jones
No. 5077aj (P, US), and at the east base of the Virgin Mts.
near ‘“Redrocks,’’ Mohave Co., Munz No. 16666 (CAS, P).

PHACELIA SERICEA (Graham) Gray has been known as far
south as Steens Mts. of southeastern Oregon, but the only speci-
men I have seen from California is one collected by Frances D.
Payne, No. 721, on the ridge north of Mt. Warren, 8000 ft.,
Warner Mts., Modoc Co., July 21, 1932 (CAS).

PHACELIA ANELSONII Macbr., which I recently reported for
California from San Bernardino Co. (Leafl. West. Bot. 3:96),
may now be reported from a second Californian station: Teufel
Canyon, 17 miles north of Darwin on Saline Valley road, 5200
ft., Inyo Co., Jaeger in 1938 (P).

of ef 7

While attending to certain bibliographical matters in Phacelia,
it has been noted that two presently accepted species in the genus
are later homonyms of species proposed by S. B. Buckley.
These are P. hispida (Gray) Gray and P. pusilla Torr. For

2 No specimen of P. integrifolia was cited from Arizona by Voss (A re-
vision of the Phacelia crenulata group for North America, Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club 64: 88,—1937), although Arizona was included in the distributional
data for the species by Rydberg (Fl. Rky. Mts. & Adj. Plains, p. 704, 1917)
aaak mo recently by Tidestrom and Kittell (Fl. Ariz. & N. Mex., p. 556,

8 Phacelia pulchella Gray var. Gooddingii (Brand) J. T. Howell, comb.
nov. P. Gooddingii Brand, Das Pflanzenr. IV. 251: 120 (1913).

120 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. Ill, NO. 5

the changes necessitated in replacing the former name, I have
followed the recent analytic study by John W. Voss (A revisional
study of the Phacelia hispida group, Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci.
33 : 169—177,—1934).

PHACELIA CICUTARIA Greene, Pitt. 5:20 (1902). P. hispida (Gray)
Gray var. genuina Brand subvar. cicutaria (Greene) Brand, Univ. Calif.
Publ. Bot. 4: 215 (1912) ; P. hispida (Gray) Gray var. cicutaria (Greene)
Macbr., Contrib. Gray Herb., n. ser., 49:28 (1917).

Phacelia cicutaria Greene var. hispida (Gray) J. T. Howell, comb.
nov. P. ramosissima Dougl. var. hispida Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 10: 319
(1875). P. hispida (Gray) Gray, Syn. Fl. 2: 161 (1878), non P. hispida
Buckley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 13: 463 (1862). P. hispida
(Gray) Gray var. genuina Brand, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 214 (1912).

Phacelia cicutaria Greene var. eximia (Eastw.) J. T. Howell, comb.
nov. P. eximia Eastw., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 32: 204 (1905). P. hispida
(Gray) Gray var. eximia (Eastw.) Voss, Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 33: 172
(1935).

Phacelia cicutaria Greene var. heterosepala (Greene) J. T. Howell,
comb. nov. P. heterosepala Greene, Pitt. 5:21 (1902). P. hispida (Gray)
Gray var. genuina Brand subvar. heterosepala (Greene) Brand, Univ.
Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 215 (1912). P. hispida (Gray) Gray var. heterosepala
(Greene) Voss, Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 33: 173 (1935).

Phacelia cicutaria Greene var. Hubbyi (Macbr.) J. T. Howell, comb.
nov. P. hispida (Gray) Gray var. Hubbyi Macbr., Contrib. Gray Herb.,
n. ser., 49:29 (1917).

Phacelia nevadensis J. T. Howell, nom. nov. P. pusilla Torr. ex
Wats., Bot. U. S. Geol. Explor. 40th Paral. (King’s Exped.), 253 (1871),
non P. pusilla Buckley, Amer. Journal Sci. 45: 172 (1843).

An AppiITIONAL NOTE ON THE CALIFORNIAN DISTRIBUTION
OF DESCHAMPSIA ATROPURPUREA. In the summer of 1939, the
writer found a rather large colony of Deschampsia atropurpurea
(Wahl.) Scheele along Squaw Valley Creek on Mt. Shasta,
Siskiyou Co., California (cf. W. B. Cooke, Fl. Mt. Shasta, Amer.
Midl. Nat. 23:516,—1940). The plant was growing on the
banks of the creek below the second cascade in an opening in the
Tsuga Mertensiana-Abies magnifica var. shastensis forest of the
upper Canadian Zone. This grass seems to be well-established
in the Canadian Zone of northern California (cf. J. T. Howell,
Leafl. West. Bot. 3: 24,—1941), although it was overlooked until
the summer of 1939 when it was simultaneously collected in the
Marble Mt. region and on Mt. Shasta.—William Bridge Cooke.

ey nv
V Vor. III No. 6

LEAFLETS

of
WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS

PAGE

A Botanical Expedition to Log Spring Ridge . . . . 121
Axice Eastwoop

Observations on Cleistogamy in Mimulus . . . . . 127
JoHN THomaAs Howe.

A Suffrutescent Gilia from Southern Nevada . . . . 129
R. C. BARNEBY

eens s0rarical Clavesey 8) uk a Sai 82
JoHn THomas HowELu

Two Varieties of Triteleia peduncularis . . . . . 137
ALICE Eastwoop

New Western Plants Oa Rta re MA ST OBIS aNs gied 22> Ea a

JoHN Tuomas Howe.

The Water Lily, Nymphza odorata, a Cultivated Plant in
the State of Washington Mee aso ert Meh ake tart eae
Haroxp St. JoHN

T his number published with funds from the
California Botanical Club

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
Aprit 21, 1942

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the
native flora of western North America, appearing about four
times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single
numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco,
California.

Cited as

LEAFL. WEsT. Bort.

PUUUPEUTP ETE PTL TEEPE ETP TEPER PEPE PET

INCHES

ee idl eM) Ue UY MM Le a

Owned and published by

Aice Eastwoop and JoHN THomAs HowELu

ws Ss a”.

APRIL, 1942 | EXPEDITION TO LOG SPRING RIDGE IZ!

A BOTANICAL EXPEDITION TO
LOG SPRING RIDGE

BY ALICE EASTWOOD

avh

This ridge is a part of the inner Coast Ranges of the
California mountain system and extends from Shasta County
on the north to the northern edge of where Lake and Colusa
counties join. Peaks from 6000 to over 8000 feet altitude rise
from an elevation of 5000 to 6000 feet. One road from Round
Valley, Mendocino County (elevation about 1300 feet), crosses
the ridge at what is known as Low Gap or Mendocino Pass.
From there on, one branch passes over Log Spring Ridge and
another branch reaches the Sacramento Valley at Willows via
Alder Springs in Glenn County. Log Spring Ridge is in Tehama
County, but is a part of the Mendocino National Forest. The
boundary line separating it from Mendocino County is at the
gap not far from Anthony Peak, where there is a lookout station
at an elevation of 6903 feet.

I had heard that it was formerly the custom of the people
of Round Valley to bring snow down from these mountains
in sacks to freeze the ice cream for the Fourth of July cele-
brations. We crossed the ridge July 8 in 1941 and the snow still
lay even down to the road, and many small areas indicated quite
recent snow. On one of these near Government Flat a tiny
Dodecatheon with the root system of D. Hendersonu was already
in fruit, and on another near the foot of Anthony Peak adjoin-
ing a forest of Shasta fir, the tiny seedlings of the fir still bore
the little brown caps over the green cotyledons, and pussy-paws
(Spraguea) and a small Lewisia were up but not yet in flower.

The trip was taken to explore an almost unknown region
and make a collection of plants for the California Academy of
Sciences. Mr. Howell and I looked after the plants, and Dr.
Isabel McCracken, retired professor of entomology of Stanford
University, collected insects, chiefly species of California bees.
We left San Francisco July 8, 1941, going over Highway 101
to Laytonville. From there we climbed up and down a moun-
tain road to Dos Rios where two branches of the lovely Eel River
join. Again it was up and down over a mountain road to Covelo
in Round Valley. The brown hills and valleys did not tempt

Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. III, pp. 121-144, April 21, 1942.

122 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 6

us to stop for any collecting. After passing through Round
Valley we again began to climb, and on this hot barren hillside
had a flat tire. With no chance to have it repaired until our
return, we had an uneasy feeling traveling in this wilderness
area over mountain roads without a spare.

We had been told that accommodations could be had at
Government Flat where there were cabins and a store, so had
planned to make it our headquarters. How appalled we were
when we were told by two motorists whom we met near the
summit that the camp was not open. We were not prepared for
camping, having brought food for two or three lunches only
and not even our warmer wraps as in July they seemed unneces-
sary. Mr. Howell had brought his sleeping bag because he pre-
ferred to sleep under the open sky. One man, however, gave
us hope that at the Ranger Station we might obtain accommo-
dations. So, on we went.

Mr. Al Smith, the ranger, and his wife were most hospitable.
Dr. McCracken and I occupied the cabin where C. C. C. boys
had lived the year before, slept on their cots and under their
army blankets. Mrs. Smith gave each of us a clean wide sheet.
We had to depend on them for breakfasts and dinners. They
would take no pay, as it is against the regulations. However,
there are other means of compensation.

Rarely have I seen a more beautiful forest of conifers. Over-
topping the other trees were the lofty sugar pines, every tree
laden with the hanging cones. Yellow pines, incense cedar,
Douglas fir and white fir abounded, while near Anthony Peak
the Shasta fir became dominant. Quercus Kelloggu, the black
oak, and Q. Garryana, the white oak, were not abundant on the
ridge. Here and there were signs indicating the presence of
springs. Ceanothus integerrimus grew on the main ridge and
C. cordulatus at greater altitudes. A very white, downy manza-
nita, several feet in height, related to Arctostaphylos canescens
grew near the ranger station. It differs from A. canescens in
habit, large leaves and a denser velvety down. This is found
also in the mountains of Lake, Napa, Mendocino and Glenn
counties and is an impressive shrub which I am naming A. candt-
dissima (see Note 1 at end). Another species, a very green
shrub, with smooth, pointed leaves, also grew near the ranger
station. From the short bracts and glandular inflorescence and

APRIL, 1942 | EXPEDITION TO LOG SPRING RIDGE 123

berries this seemed related to A. obtusifolia Piper, a native of
Washington and a species I have never seen. This I have named
A. acutifolia from the most apparently conspicuous difference
from A. obtusifolia (see Note 2 at end).

Some lovely herbaceous plants grew on this ridge along the
road, several that seem undescribed. A form of Castilleja pine-
torum Fernald was collected, also a new one that I have already
described as C. dolichostylis. A new yellow Iris, I. citrina,
formed mats of bloom (see Note 3 at end). The blue-purple
flowers of Penstemon Purpusti were very lovely set off by the
pale leaves. Near Government Flat a tall blue forget-me-not
was common and Mr. Howell has named it Hackelia amethystina
from the color of the spines on the nutlets (see Note 4 at end).
On Anthony Peak, Mr. Howell found a low-growing Del-
phinium, D. antoninum, related to the D. scopulorum aggregate
(see Note 5 at end). It was only a few inches above the ground,
in flower and fruit, and was growing in a scree-like gravel.
A very white woolly lupine also came from there, the large, white
flowers turning pink in age. Ribes Lobbii was in bloom, growing
and blooming in a snow bank. The genus was represented in
the collection by the following rather rare species, FR. Lobbu,
R. Halli, R. binominatum, and R. amarum.

We spent two days on the ridge, the second on our return
trip to Government Flat and on to Black Butte. Great areas
were covered with a shrubby variety of Quercus Garryana.
Along the side of the road the most luxuriant and brilliantly
colored Dicentra formosa grew, and every now and then Phlox
speciosa var. occidentalis formed clusters of rosy flowers.
A variety of Penstemon Rattani was seen in bud. Penstemon
azureus was also collected in flower. Near where a side road
branched off to Black Butte, low-growing lupines belonging to
Lupinus lepidus group were very white woolly and with flowers
both blue and white. It was a surprise to see a low-growing
form of Artemisia trifida also there.

We had to leave the trip to Black Butte to the future as we
had no time. The road down was densely forested, chiefly with
conifers similar to those on the ridge, the Shasta fir eventually
entirely replaced by the white fir. As we approached Copper
City the most perplexing manzanitas appeared. Arctostaphylos
candidissitma was conspicuous, but of the other manzanitas each

124 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 6

bush differed from those adjacent and seemed to be hybrids.
We did not have time to make a study of the complex lot, but
made notes with the collections. There may be manzanitas on
the hills through which the road passes which can explain the
puzzle. Near Alder Springs we found Arctostaphylos candi-
dissima again, where A. A. Heller (No. 12776) collected it in
1917, and not far from there a rayless variety of Eriophyllum
lanatum was a common subshrub in the chaparral (see Note 6
at end).

At Willows we had the tire repaired. A nail had been picked
up, probably at Covelo where we had stopped for ice cream and
had parked the car in an adjoining yard. We came home in the
cool of the evening, and consider the Willows-Alder Springs
route much better in every way than that by Round Valley, since
so much of it is on a forest road and not over dry hills.

We collected 219 numbers, representing 207 species. Among
them are eight that are new. There were four species of violets,
Viola purpurea, Shelton, Halli, adunca; four onions, Allium
Breweri, Bolanderi, Austine, validum; Arabis. platysperma and
the rare A. subpinnatifida; Collinsia Greenei and C. Rattani;
and in the Lily Family, besides the onions, Zigadenus micran-
thus, Veratrum californicum and Calochortus ceruleus var.
nudus. Not so bad for two days!

NOTES

Nore 1. Arctostaphylos candidissima Eastwood, spec. nov. Fruti-
cosa, circa 1—2 m. alta, erecta et diffuse ramosa prorsus densissime albo-
velutina; caulibus senioribus glabris, atro-porphyreis, junioribus dense
velutinis; foliis oblongis et late ovalibus, 3—4 cm. longis, 2—4 cm. latis,
apice plerumque obtusis, basi obtusis truncatis vel subcordatis, petiolis circa
5 mm. longis; floribus in brevibus racemis, subsessilibus, bracteis foliaceis,
inferioribus bracteis zqualibus pedicellis, superioribus brevioribus, pedi-
cellis et bracteis velutinis et glandulosis, pedicellis post anthesin recurvatis,
circa 1 cm. longis; sepalis oblongis, 2 mm. longis, membranaceis, ciliatis,
reflexis in fructu; corolla marcida, circa 4—5 mm. longa et lata, evidenter
rosea; filamentis 2—3 mm. longis, subglabris; ovario dense velutino.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 294923, collected on Log Spring
Ridge near the ranger station, July 9, 1941, by Alice Eastwood and John
Thomas Howell, No. 9752; also at Copper City, No. 9911, and Alder
Springs, No. 9916.

This species is widely distributed in the mountains of Mendocino, Lake,
Napa, Tehama, and Glenn counties, and is always conspicuous from the
large snowy leaves which show a pallid indument beneath the velvety

APRIL, 1942] | EXPEDITION TO LOG SPRING RIDGE 125

pubescence. It is allied to A. canescens Eastw., but so different appearing
in its area of distribution as to seem a distinct species as definite as the
other allies.

Norte 2. Arctostaphylos acutifolia Eastwood, spec. nov. Fruticosa,
divaricate ramosa, circa 5—6 dm. alta; caulibus senioribus glabris, atro-
porphyreis, caulibus junioribus rubescentibus, glanduloso-villosis; foliis
anguste vel late oblongis, acutis, maximis 4 cm. longis, 2 cm. latis, viridi-
bus, glabris, petiolis 5—10 mm. longis, aliquando glandulosis; paniculis
glanduloso-pilosis, bracteis brevibus et deltoideis, pedicellis glabris, brevi-
oribus baccis; floribus marcescentibus evidenter albis; baccis glandibus
sessilibus, sine villis.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 294924, collected on Log Spring
Ridge between Log Spring and Government Flat, July 9, 1941, by Alice
Eastwood and John Thomas Howell, No. 9718. In my key to Arcto-
staphylos (Leafl. West. Bot. 1:110), it comes between A. obtusifolia Piper
and A. Jepsonii Eastw.

Note 3. Iris citrina Eastwood, spec. nov. Czspitosa ex rhizomate
gracili, 5 mm. diametro, densissime vestito basibus foliorum veterum vagi-
natis, radicibus multis, subcarnosis; foliis radicalibus glaucis, glabris, basi
stramineis, superantibus flores, 2—4 mm. latis; foliis caulinis 1 vel 2, at-
tenuatis, floribus sepe approximatis; caulibus 1—15 cm. altis; floribus 2,
bracteis 2, lanceolatis, attenuatis, marginibus albo-membranaceis, exteriore
glauca, interiore flavescente, plerumque breviore et angustiore exteriore;
perianthio citrino, lilacino-venoso, pedicello 1—2 cm. longo, tuba gracili,
3 cm. longa, fauce 10—12 mm. longa; ovario anguste oblongo, circa 2 mm.
lato et 1 cm. longo; perianthii segmentis exterioribus spatulatis, 5 cm.
longis, 13 mm. latis, basi 4 mm. latis, segmentis interioribus oblanceolatis,
angustioribus et sepe longioribus, 5 mm. latis; styli ramis 3 cm. longis,
fissis circa 1 cm., partibus 4 mm. latis, apice fimbriatis vel acutis, stigmate
deltoideo, obtuso, 1—5 mm. longo et lato, filamento filiformi, 1 cm. longo,
anthera equilonga, 1—2 mm. lata, straminea, apice obtusa vel emarginata.

Type: No. 290382, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., collected July 9, 1941, on
Log Spring Ridge between Government Flat and Log Spring, Tehama
County, California, Eastwood & Howell No. 9722. This is allied to
/. macrosiphon Torr., differing in the glaucous foliage, the yellow flowers,
shorter perianth-tube, longer throat, and general shape of the floral organs.

Nore. 4. Hackelia amethystina J. T. Howell, spec. nov. Perennis
erecta caulibus nonnullis 5—7 dm. altis, 6 mm. diametro basi, viridulis
vel subcanescentibus pilis brevibus subappressis recurvis strigillosis; foliis
hirtellis vel breviter subpilosis, inferioribus anguste ellipticis, circa 10 cm.
longis, 1.5—2 cm. latis, apice subacutis, basi sensim in petiolum aquilongum
attenuatis, foliis superioribus sessilibus, lanceolatis ad late ovatis, basi late
rotundatis et semiamplexicaulibus; inflorescentia circa 2 dm. longa et
1—1.5 dm. lata, ramis canescentibus, pedicellis floriferis 2—3 mm., fructi-
feris ad 1 cm. longis; sepalis ad anthesin 1.5—2 mm. longis, 3 mm. longis

126 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 6

in fructu; corolla cerulea, 9—10 mm. diametro, tubo 2—3 mm. longo,
fornicibus carnosis, papillosis, subquadratis, paululum longioribus quam
latioribus, circa 2 mm. longis, apice retuso plus minusve foras curvato vel
recurvato, basi gibbum rotundatum mammiformem 0.3—0.5 mm. longum
ferentibus ; nuculis 5—6 mm. longis, facie late ovata, turberculata et minute
granulata, sparse hispidula et aculeolos paucos brevis crassos ferenti, aculeis
marginalibus plerumque 3—5 mm. longis, sepe usque ad basin liberis vel
paulum connatis, in senectute amethystinis.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 294646 and 294645 (fruit), col-
lected July 9, 1941, on Log Spring Ridge between Log Spring and Govern-
ment Flat, Tehama County, California, by Eastwood and Howell, No. 9720.
This was chiefly in fruit, but flowering specimens were found at Govern-
ment Flat, Tehama Co., No. 9787, and, on July 10, near Black Butte,
Glenn Co., No. 9884. It is allied to H. diffusa (Lehm.) Johnston, but
differs from it in the size of the flowers and fruits; and from the other
relatives of that species found in the North Coast Ranges, H. bella
(Macbr.) Johnston and H. Rattanii (Brand) Brand, it differs in the
smaller blue flowers and different appendages of the corolla.

Nore 5. Delphinium antoninum Eastwood, spec. noy. Caules et
petioli foliorum rubescentes, caules simplices vel ramosi subterraneti;
laminis supra terram subrosulatis, orbiculatis, trisectis, partibus flabellatis
et trilobatis, segmentis terminalibus obtusis, glabratis vel glanduloso-
villosis, villis brevibus et tenuissimis; pedunculis scaposis vel pauci-foliatis
prope basin, glanduloso-villosis, 10—15 cm. altis; racemis brevibus, in
fructu elongatis, pedicellis divaricato-ascendentibus, 1—4 cm. longis,
glanduloso-villosis, bracteis linearibus, circa 3 mm. longis, bracteolis op-
positis, 2—4 mm. ex floribus; floribus indigoticis, circa 2 cm. diametro,
calcaribus obtusis, horizontalibus, directis vel paululum curvatis, 15 mm.
longis; sepalis glabris, oblongis, 12 mm. longis, 6 mm. latis, apice acutis ;
petalis superioribus albis azureo-tinctis, apice obliquis, integris vel bilo-
batis, petalis inferioribus bilobatis, unguibus 4 mm. longis; folliculis 3,
conniventibus, 2 cm. longis, glanduloso-villosis ; tunica seminorum laxa et
membranacea.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 292755, collected July 10, 1941, on
Anthony Peak between Mendocino and Tehama counties, Eastwood &
Howell No. 9861. It is related to D. scopulorum Gray and perhaps comes
nearest to var. subalpinum Gray.

Note 6. Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) Forbes var. aphanactis J. T.
Howell, var. nov. Herba suffruticosa circa 2.5 dm. alta, foliis pinnatifidis,
capitulis eradiatis, acheniis angustis turbinatis 3 mm. longis, squamis pappi
ad 1 mm. longis.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 294931, collected near Alder Springs,
Glenn Co., by Eastwood and Howell, No. 9919, July 10, 1941. This variety
seems to differ from FE. lanatum var. achilleoides (DC.) Jepson only in
the eradiate heads.

APRIL, 1942] CLEISTOGAMY IN MIMULUS 127

OBSERVATIONS ON CLEISTOGAMY IN MIMULUS

BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

The small Mimulus with cleistogamous flowers, which I de-
scribed as M. cleistogamus from San Benito County in 1938
(Leafl. West. Bot. 2:79) and reported from the Napa Range
in 1941 (Bull. Sierra Club 26:67), is to be regarded merely as
a growth phase of the widespread M. Douglasii. During the
spring of 1941 I observed that the plants which produce the
beautiful and showy corollas by which the Douglas monkey-
flower has been heretofore recognized produce only cleistoga-
mous flowers a few weeks later. The first collection disclosing
this development was made near Deer Park on Mt. Diablo,
Contra Costa County, April 6, when I discovered that long
withered corollas adhered to the ripening capsules near the base
of the plants and that the uppermost flowers were cleistogamous
(J. T. Howell No. 16177). Plants in the same condition were
found near Mt. Bullion, Mariposa County, April 25 (Eastwood
& Howell No. 8773). The third set of these plants was observed
near Rock Spring on Mt. Tamalpais, Marin County, where
flowers of March 30 with showy corollas were followed by a
series of cleistogamous flowers by May 18 (J. T. Howell
No. 16193). As a result of these observations, not only does
M. cleistogamus J, T. Howell become a synonym of M. Douglasii
(Benth.) Gray, but Mimulus sect. Cleisanthus J. T. Howell
(Leafl. West. Bot. 2:80) becomes a synonym of Mimulus sect.
CEnoe Gray.

ry y y

In a small collection of Mimulus modestus Eastw. which
I made April 5, 1941, in Franz Valley, Napa County (J. T.
Howell No. 16156), there was apparently every variant from
entirely cleistogamous flowers with inconspicuous corollas to
those with large expanded corollas. On one plant, the first flower
in the axil of the third pair of leaves above the cotyledons was
definitely cleistogamous: the corolla was unopened, tiny, and
uncolored, and only two stamens were fertile and their anthers
were adnate to the stigma. On this plant, the next flower also
seemed to have been self-fertilized, but the corolla was better
developed and colored and the style was more elongate. Ap-

128 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 6

parently the corolla had never opened and yet the fruit was
beginning to enlarge.

In other plants, the corollas varied from 7 mm. long with a
pale pink narrowly funnel-form limb to 2 cm. long with a broadly
expanded bright rose limb. In the smaller-flowered forms,
fertilization was sometimes, if not always, self-fertilization. In
one such flower with smaller pink corolla, the two lower stamens
were fertile and adnate to the stigma, while the two upper
stamens were sterile and consisted of elongate filaments and
abortive anthers. I did not find a plant on which an early cleis-
togamous flower with a tiny unopened corolla was followed by
a flower with expanded corolla, nor was there an indication that
showy flowers were followed by cleistogamous flowers. But the
plants were probably too young to indicate any tendency, one
way or the other.

The fruit of the cleistogamous flower in which the corolla
was quite abortive was shorter and broader and curved abruptly
outward from the top of the pedicel. The fruits of the other
flowers varied in shape, but they were straight and erect and
did not seem to be so strongly flattened.

Dr. Grant, in her monograph of Mimulus, mentions that she
observed indications of self-fertilization in M. modestus and
M. Kelloggii (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 11:318), but apparently
she saw nothing that suggested cleistogamy.

t q y

On May 5, 1938, at Coarse Gold, Madera County, I collected
a series of plants in which at least the uppermost flowers, if not
all, were cleistogamous (Eastwood & Howell No. 5446). In
several of the plants, the lowest flowers have the dried remains
of corollas extending beyond the calyx but in only one specimen
can I be certain that the corolla had been expanded. Certainly
most of the flowers had been cleistogamous and the upper end
of the enlarging capsules carried the remains of the unopened
corollas like tiny caps. Because there were no expanded corollas
on any of the plants at the time they were collected, certain de-
termination of the material is not possible, but all the vegetative
and fruiting characters would indicate that the collection should
be referred to M. modestus Eastw.

APRIL, 1942] GILIA FROM SOUTHERN NEVADA 129

A SUFFRUTESCENT GILIA FROM SOUTHERN
NEVADA

BY R. C. BARNEBY

Gilia Ripleyi Barneby, spec. nov. inter Eu-gilie Leptomerias Rydb.
G. latifolie S. Wats. a qua radice perenni, foliis confertis brevius petio-
latis dentibus minus numerosis spinula duplo longiori valida cuspidatis
spinoso-dentatis, panicula nuda, capsulis tertia parte brevioribus anthesique
serotina inter alia differre videtur, affinis.

Perennis pluricaulis inferne caudicifera suffrutescens e radice suberosa
fragili in calcarearum fissuris rupium profunde evadenti orta, preter flores
undique glanduloso-villosa lete viridis graveolens: caulibus annotinis
2—10 (—20) laxe czspitosis e collo caudicis robusti corticosi tortuosi
adscendentibus erectisve plus minusve angulatis pilis crispulis griseolis
plerumque glanduliferis sparsiuscule villosis primum abbreviatis 8—10 cm.
longis valde foliosis herbaceis flexilibus pallide virentibus ad anthesin haud
elongatis sed paniculam gracilem longe pedunculatam subnudam (axi pri-
mario producto revera efformatam) sero emittentibus, demum desiccatis
fragillimis albicantibus cortice tenui exfolianti obtectis cicatricibus folio-
rum imorum caducorum basin versus nodosis: foliis alternis in plante
tertiam partem inferiorem valde confertis vel subrosulatis petiolo circa
1 cm. longo firmo superne sulcato gestis primum mollibus herbaceis lete
viridibus glanduloso-viscidis villosisque patulis ad anthesin (presertim
inferioribus) omnino exsiccatis spinoso-rigidis discoloribus circacircum
incurvis nidulantibus ; lamina ambitu late obovata 3—4 cm. longa 2—3 cm.
lata supra basin sensim cuneato-attenuatam profunde serrato-dentata denti-
bus triangulari-acuminatis utrinque 8—10 circa 4 mm. longis vel inter-
mediis haud raro brevioribus in spinulam validam subequilongam demum
vulnerantem apice exeuntibus, superne plana inferne elevatim penninervia
nervis rectis robustis pallidis remotiusculis in dentium spinas productis:
inflorescentia creberrime glandulosa: panicula interdum obscure cymosa
ambitu obovoidea 4—6 cm. longa adeo conferta ramulis inferioribus abortis
pedunculo gracili subnudo vel foliis 1—4 diminutis bracteiformibus lanceo-
latis sessilibus 3-dentatis integrisve 3—5 mm. longis predito gesta: brac-
teis ramealibus florumque subulatis acutissimis inferioribus circa 5 mm.
longis in summas vix 1.5 mm. longas sursum decrescentibus: floribus soli-
tariis secus panicule ramulos adscendentes flexuosos graciles separatim
dispositis numquam glomerulatis pedicello filiformi divaricatim patulo sub
calyce abrupte erecto 2—6 (—8) mm. longo insidentibus: calyce florifero
tubuloso-campanulato 3.5—4 mm. longo 1—1.5 mm. lato fere ad medium
in dentes conformes lineari-lanceolatas mucronatas herbaceas angustissime
scarioso-marginatas erectas 5-partito, fructifero ovario accrescenti extenso
rarissime rupto 2—3 mm. lato ad 5 mm. usque elongato tubo infra sinus
ad basin scarioso dentibus sepissime supra capsulam demum conniventi-
bus: corollz infundibuliformis circa 8 mm. longe ad medium in limbi
lacinias ovato-oblanceolatas acuminatas erosulas vel utrinque ad apicem
l1-denticulatas fisse tubo sursum vix ampliato 4 mm. longo albo limbo

130 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. III, NO. 6

rotato sub sole tantum expanso saturate roseo extus pallidius rosello nec
gilvo-suffuso: staminibus inclusis ad tubi corollini basin insertis filamenti-
bus filiformibus valde inzequalibus nunc 1.5 mm. tantum longis nunc tubo
subzequilongis: antheris 0.75—1 mm. longis albis: stylo 2.5—3 mm. longo
sepius persistenti: ovario glabro: capsula ovoidea abrupte obtusa mem-
branacea 3.5—4.5 mm. longa dentibus calycinis paullo superata valvulis
inconspicue corrugatis: seminibus numerosissimis oblongis vix 0.5 mm.
longis levibus castaneis madefactis spiracula haud emittentibus.

Planta infelix exsul videtur, verosimiliter relicta: Daturam redolet.

NEVADA: in fissures of hard, dry, limestone cliffs in the
south end of the Specter Range, southwestern Nye Co., alt. 3100
ft., 18 July 1941, fl. & fr., Ripley & Barneby No. 3992. Type
in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 290394 ; isotypes in herb. Pomona,
N. Y. Bot. Gard., Kew. Also ibid., 5 Apr. 1940, (folia tantum),
No. 2873. Cliffs of Spotted Range, Nye Co., alt. 4100 ift.,
14 May 1941, (fol.), No. 3420. Pintwater Range, Clark Co.,
alt. 3500 ft., 12 Apr. 1940, sine num. Cliffs of calcareous ravine
in the Desert Range, Clark Co., 4400 ft., 10 Apr. 1940, (fol.),
sine num. North end Desert Range, southwestern Lincoln Co.,
alt. 4000 ft., 5 May 1941, (fol.), sine num.

CALIFORNIA: cliffs of Titus Canyon, near Leadfield Mine,
Grapevine Mts., Inyo Co., alt. 4100 ft., 18 Apr. 1940, (fol.),
No. 2951,

Gilia Ripleyi was first seen in the type locality in the spring
of 1940 and was at once recognized as a species of exceptional
interest, but although the station was revisited by the author and
Mr. Ripley as late as June of that year no flowers were obtain-
able, the panicles, even at that late season, scarcely having begun
to rise from among the leaves. Subsequently during that year
and in the early part of 1941 plants were observed in all of the
low calcareous ranges lying between the Sheep Mts. to the south
and Rose’s Well to the north and just over the California line
in Titus Canyon. In these localities, where it occurred always in
exposed rock-walls of the most harsh and arid canyons, often
in close association with Buddleia utahensis Cov., it was never
met with in a mature state, but the clusters of short, brittle stems,
closely set with viscid and prickly holly-leaves, the woody caudex
and persistent inflorescences of the preceding year were un-
mistakable, and only fragmentary collections were made as proof
of locality. Finally a special expedition was made in July of
1941, at a period when the flora of southern Nevada, at least

APRIL, 1942] GILIA FROM SOUTHERN NEVADA 131

below the coniferous belt of the highest mountains, is almost
completely burnt away, and satisfactory material for description
was at last obtained.

The affinities of the plant are unquestionably with Gilia latt-
folia S. Wats. which occurs in gravelly washes throughout the
same range and far to the southward, and in herbaria it might
be taken by a superficial observer for an indurated form of that
species. While the characters enumerated in the diagnosis above
seem to be of sufficient weight to mark G. Ripleyi as a notable
taxonomic unit, the behavior of individual plants as observed
in the field offers strong evidence of its specific distinctness.
Particularly remarkable is the season and manner of anthesis.
The short herbaceous stems of the year, arising during the cool
months of winter from the summit of a shortly branching, suf-
frutescent caudex, develop very early, and by the beginning of
April, when allied annual species are already breaking into bloom,
have reached the limit of their growth. At this point, however,
the plants appear to fall into a state of suspended animation,
no change in outward aspect (except for a general and very
gradual desiccation of leaf and stem) being visible during the
season when the vegetation of the region is at its most active.
Finally, late in June, a slender, leafless panicle, set with numer-
ous, rather small corollas of bright, clear rose, is produced from
the summit of the already withering and rigid stems : this matures
rapidly and sets abundant seed and the whole plant goes to rest
until the following year.

It seems probable that this odd life-cycle may be explained
by the plant’s choice of habitat, the driest and most torrid
exposures of limestone cliffs, as a rule shared only by the Budd-
leia, Cryptantha confertiflora (Greene) Pays. and a few strongly
xerophytic shrubs of the Composite. Gilia Ripleyi being per-
ennial, having either lost or more probably not yet attained the
rapid vernal development of allied species, is unable to complete
the full annual cycle of growth on the limited moisture con-
served from the short winter rains. By mid-spring the supply
is, in fact, exhausted, and I suspect that a successful flowering
depends on the uncertain but considerable cloud-bursts which
occur over southern Nevada during the summer months. The
stimulus of rain, sufficient to support only a short period of
growth, is directed solely to the task of reproduction: no fur-

nz2 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 6

ther herbage is grown, leaves in the inflorescence being reduced
to minute spinescent bracts.

If this explanation is correct, it seems likely that G. Ripleyi
is a relict species, persisting precariously in a few favored
stations on the southwestern limestones, and represents, per-
haps, the ancestral type of which G. latifolia is the successfully
organized adaptation to the changing climate. Certainly it forms
part of that deeply interesting calciphile flora endemic to a broad
province which (with altitudinal limits of about three and five
thousand feet) may be approximately defined by lines drawn
from Darwin, California, east to St. George in southwest Utah
and south from these points to the Providence Mts. of the
Mohave Desert, and which reaches its climax in the fabulous
chasms and precipices of Titus Canyon. To this region belong
such memorable species as Penstemon petiolatus Bdg., Phacelia
perityloides Cov. and P. gerantifolia Brand, Tetracoccus ilict-
folius Cov. & Gilm. and the beautiful Maurandia petrophila Cov.,
all chasmophytes with broad, toothed leaves, taxonomically 1so-
lated and evident relicts of a mesophytic vegetation of immense
antiquity, and it is believed that the Gilia is an unrecognized
member of this august and ancient company.

SOUTHWEST BOTANICAL ODYSSEY
BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

In May, 1941, Miss Alice Eastwood, Dr. Isabel McCracken,
and I made another of our notable botanical and entomological
expeditions, which over a period of years have added such rich
scientific collections to the museum of the California Academy
of Sciences. This expedition was devoted primarily to the desert
and took us by way of Barstow, California, and Las Vegas,
Nevada, to St. George and Kanab in southern Utah. On our
return, we went north to Beaver, Utah, and west to Ely, Nevada,
thence southwest to Tonopah, reéntering California over the
White Mts. by way of Montgomery Pass. In the following notes
I wish to describe two or three of the places where especially
interesting plants were collected.

t > tv
Beyond Barstow the desert was flowering like a garden and
along the highway the appearance was that of an herbaceous

APRIL, 1942] | SOUTHWEST BOTANICAL ODYSSEY 133

border done in the most floriferous manner. Yellow and white
and mauve daisies representing several tribes and many genera
of the Sunflower Family varied in height from the prostrate
rosettes of Glyptopleura, the spreading mats of Monoptilon, and
the gold encrusted dwarfs of Eriophyllum to the taller plants
of Douglas’ Coreopsis, Parry’s Calycoseris, Coulter’s Malaco-
thrix, and Xantus’ Chenactis; and all were overtopped by the
flowers of the Desert Aster. Adding variety to this impressive
array of sunflowers were no fewer than five desert forget-me-
nots, six gilias (two kinds each in Gilia, Linanthus, and Lang-
loisia), and several diverse eriogonums. The clay slopes of a
small wash were fairly smothered in a green-gold mist of Erio-
gonum trichopes and adjacent slopes were adorned by the beauti-
ful satiny flowers of Mentzelia tricuspis. Two of the rarer
species of Nama, N. pusillum and N. depressum, grew in mats
not far from each other; and two species of Nemacladus,
N. rubescens and N. gracilior, exhibited diverse kinds of flowers
although the diffusely branched plants appeared quite alike as
they grew together. Then there were lupines and locoweeds,
poppies and phacelias, pale blue larkspurs and bright yellow
fiddle-necks; and, among the numerous shrubs, the golden-
flowered Cassia armata and purple-flowered Dalea Johnstoni
were the most showy and beautiful.

In the midst of this rich and varied floral display, | came
upon a small area of about a half acre, which, by contrast, was
nearly flowerless. It was that peculiar type of desert terrain
known as desert mosaic, where small darkened stones that are
all but buried by sun-baked soil cover a nearly level space that
is more or less restricted in extent. The only plants that ap-
peared to thrive on this mosaic island were peculiar phacelias
and they seemed as confined and restricted to their localized
habitat as if it were surrounded by water. A hasty glance at the
phacelias convinced me at once that two species were present :
the first with violet flowers borne on elongate racemes that far
exceeded the leafy part of the plant, the second with cream-
white flowers on short racemes that were nearly concealed by
the numerous leaves.

Further study has convinced me that my field interpretation
was correct and that two very distinct species are represented,
although heretofore they have been confused and improperly

134 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 6

understood. Both are rare plants, the violet-flowered one,
P. pachyphylla Gray, and the white-flowered one, P. neglecta
M. E. Jones. Both are related to the large- and purple-flowered
P. calthifolia Brand, one of the common and showy plants of
the Death Valley region to the north, and together the three form
a compact triad among our desert phacelias.*

Certainly on May 7, 1941, the desert from Barstow to Yermo
was a botanist’s paradise, the beginning of a colorful flowery
paradise that was to extend across southern Nevada and as far
east as we went in Utah.

7 tf 7

On three different occasions Miss Eastwood and I have
visited Zion National Park and each time there have been note-
worthy plants and new species in the botanical collections we
have made. For the most part we have done but little collecting
in Zion Canyon itself, although it was from specimens collected
at the hanging cliff-gardens in The Narrows that Dodecatheon
zionis Eastwood was described; and Eriogonum filicaule Stokes
was collected on steep clay slopes in the canyon just outside the
park near Springdale. Most of our collections have come from
the Clear Creek Canyon that is traversed by the scenic Mt.

* These phacelias, which differ from all others in their broad, roundish,
entire to dentate or crenate leaves and transversely corrugated seeds, may
be distinguished by the following synopsis which has been prepared from
specimens at Pomona College, Stanford University, and the California
Academy of Sciences:

A. Stems mostly 1—3 dm. tall, well-covered by hirsutulous hairs and
conspicuous stalked black-headed glands; racemes above the leafy
part of the plant; corolla violet or purplish, throat hairy inside;
anthers violet, pollen lavender; capsule generally spreading or
ascending.

B. Stems mostly 1—1.5 dm. tall; corolla 5.5—6.5 mm. long; corolla-
scales narrowly linear, 1—2 mm. long; stamens 2.5—4 mm. long;
style and branches 2—2.5 mm. long; capsule 5—7 mm. long,
seeds over 100. Specimens seen only from California in Kern,
San Bernardino, Riverside, and Imperial counties........................-
NN Nee eh cea ates pe ae eR ora eee | P. pachyphylla

B. Stems mostly 1.5—3 dm. tall; corolla about 1 cm. long; corolla-
scales semi-ovate or semi-lanceolate, 2—3 mm. long; stamens
5—6 mm. long; style and branches 5—6 mm. long; capsule 4—5
mm. long, seeds about 50. Specimens examined from Nevada
(Amargossa Desert, Nye Co., M. EH. Jones in 1907) and from
California, chiefly from Inyo Co., one from northern San
Bernardino County (37 miles north of Baker, J. T. Howell
INOS SG. 0 Oct S i SBE ee Se PEAS ROU AALS Sl Re Loe Seles ee P. calthifolia

A. Stems 0.3—1 dm. tall, glandular-villous, black-headed glands none;
racemes more or less concealed by the leaves; corolla creamy-
white, 5 mm. long, throat glabrous inside; corolla-seales linear-
lanceolate, 2 mm. long; stamens 3 mm. long, anthers and pollen
yellow ; style and branches 2 mm. long; at least the lowest capsules
in racemes reflexed, capsule 4 mm. long, seeds about 100. Speci-
mens examined from California (San Bernardino, Riverside, and
Imperial counties), from Arizona (Mohave, Yuma, and Pima coun-
ties), and from Nevada (10 miles northeast of Las Vegas, Clark
Co.) Hastwood ¢é Howell No! 8975). P. neglecta

APRIL, 1942] SOUTHWEST BOTANICAL ODYSSEY 135

Carmel Highway in the middle altitudes of the park. This part
of the park, which is situated mostly above the massive red sand-
stone in the region of the white sandstone, lacks the grandeur
of Zion Canyon, but it possesses a scenic charm that is quite as
unigue. Everywhere the pale rocks are enlivened by showy
masses of bloom: yellow wall-flowers and forget-me-nots, purple
rock-cresses and locoweeds, pink and rose phloxes, red and
mauve penstemons, scarlet paintbrushes, lavender sweet peas,
and yellow and lavender daisies—these are but a few of the more
conspicuous flowers. .

Although Clear Creek Canyon has presented the best flower
show seen in Zion Park each time we have visited there, this
part of the park has apparently not been well explored botani-
cally. Comparing the record of our collections made there in
September, 1938, and May, 1941, with the plants listed in the
little flora of the park, ‘Plants of Zion National Park,” I find
that we have found there more than twenty species (including
six genera) not reported before from Zion. It may be thought
that our additions to the park flora are inconspicuous little plants
in which the general public would not be interested; but this is
not entirely so since our list includes such showy plants as a
shrubby yellow-flowered Eriogonum (E. effusum ssp. durum
Stokes), a purple-flowered Arabis (A. Selbyi Rydb.), a white-
flowered Saxifraga (S. rhomboidea Greene), a white-flowered
Oreocarya (O. multicaulis Greene), and several yellow-flowered
shrubs and herbs in the Composite (Helianthella microcephala
Gray, Hesperodoria scopulorum Greene, and Hymenopappus
lugens Greene). Second only in importance to the two new
species which have been described from our Clear Creek Canyon
collections, Eriogonum zionis Howell and Castilleja zionis East-
wood, are collections of three plants which are not reported
for Utah in Tidestrom’s “Flora of Utah and Nevada” and
which seem to be new to that state. These are Juncus brachy-
stylus (Engelm.) Piper, Eriogonum vimineum var. Davidsonii
(Greene) Stokes, and Cryptantha muricata var. denticulata
(Greene) Johnston. The only liverworts I have seen in Zion
are two which grew along Clear Creek on moist ledges shaded
by sandstone cliffs and which have been determined by Mrs.
E. C. Sutliffe as Asterella saccata and Reboulia hemispherica.

136 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. ILI, NO. 6

Is it surprising that I am anxious to collect again in Zion’s
Clear Creek Canyon to see what further treasures may be
discovered ?

of y <e

On our expedition in May, 1941, it was our primary purpose
to collect in southern Utah along the southwestern borders of
the plateau country between the sonoran deserts and montane
uplands, a region abounding in interesting and critical problems
because of the climatic and geographic character of the country.
Moreover this was the region first explored by botanists or
botanically minded inhabitants who for a longer or shorter time
resided in the early-day Mormon villages of St. George and
Kanab. Many plants new to science were described from the
collections of Palmer and of Parry, of Captain Bishop and of
Mrs. Thompson; and now, after these many years, botanists still
return to St. George and Kanab, not only to see the remarkable
plants which are found nowhere else, but also to study the re-
Jation between these first-described species and their relatives
which grow in other parts of the American southwest.

One of the plants which I especially hoped to find in southern
Utah was Phacelia cephalotes, a remarkable endemic in which
small capitate clusters of inconspicuous flowers occur in the forks
of prostrate stems. Altogether it had been collected only about
five times, and the last-recorded collection was one made by
Miss Eastwood when on her adventurous botanical expedition
into southern Utah in 1892. I was almost certain that if so rare
and specialized a species was to be found, it would be in the
most specialized habitat of the region, 7. e., on the clay flats or
slopes that are left behind as the perpendicular front of massive
red sandstone slowly retreats farther and farther north due to
erosion. These clay flats are especially common around St.
George, and, although we searched them diligently and collected
many wonderful and desirable plants, we found no trace of the
little Phacelia. The older flats in which the soil was highly
mineralized were empurpled by a glorious show of Phacelia pul-
chella in fine contrast to the yellow flowers of GEnothera Parryt;
on clay flats of more recent age we found Astragalus conferti-
florus and Cymopterus Newberryi; while on still younger slopes,
right under the sandstone cliffs, we found such choice plants as
Eriogonum insigne, E. Parryi, and Cordylanthus Parry. As we

APRIL, 1942] TRITELEIA PEDUNCULARIS 137

left St. George for Zion Canyon and Kanab, at least one member
of the party was depressed and disappointed because St. George
had withheld its rarest and choicest Phacelia!

We had gone less than ten miles and had just passed the
village of Washington when a change of terrain brought new
hope. The highway extended along the crest of a low ridge and
to one side we looked out over a series of badlands from the
midst of which arose a prominent knoll of lavender-rose clay.
Although it appeared entirely sterile, this colorful mound was
different from any formation we had explored, so we stopped
to see what it might have to offer. There were only three species
of plants on its steep, sun-baked, crumbly sides, but what a
trio!—Eriogonum subreniforme Wats., a rare and little-known
endemic; Astragalus ampullarius Wats., hitherto known only
from the type collection (cf. M. E. Jones, Rev. Astragalus
p. 154,—1923); and Phacelia cephalotes Gray, the first col-
lection, it would seem, in 49 years (cf. J. T. Howell, A Revision
of Species Related to Phacelia pulchella and P. rotundtfolia,
MS.). The next day, on similar clay knolls southeast of Kanab,
we again collected this remarkable trio of plants. Our expedition
to southern Utah had been crowned with successes exceeding
our fondest hopes, and we still had the riches of our homeward
journey before us!

TWO VARIETIES OF TRITELEIA PEDUNCULARIS
BY ALICE EASTWOOD

Triteleia peduncularis was described by John Lindley in
3otanical Register, Vol. XX, under plate 1685. Lindley’s de-
scription is as follows:

“Foliis linearibus scapo erecto bipedali brevioribus, involucro pedicellis
quater breviore, pedicellis strictis perianthio obconico quarter longioribus,
ovario breviter stipitato, limbo perianthii tubo longiore, umbella multi-
flora—California. Flowers apparently pale blue. Not yet introduced.”

Confusion has arisen between two varieties or species which
differ noticeably in the manner of flowering. The typical form
is common in wet places in the San Francisco Bay region, while
the other seems to be farther north. The former has strict pedi-
cels, the latter has pedicels much longer and more widely spread-

138 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 6

ing. The latter I am naming as var. longipedicellata‘ ; the former
unfortunately has been catalogued and distributed by Carl Purdy
and named in my honor. As it has never been described, it is a
nomen nudum.

Last year on Mt. Tamalpais, in a springy place on the Boot-
jack Trail, the author found a peculiar variety of the same spe-
cies. It had the rather short, strict pedicels of the type, but each
alternate segment of the perianth was trifid. Mr. Howell had
collected the same at approximately the same locality. I have
named it var. trifida.? All of the specimens that are in our her-
barium have single corms, but this has smaller corms with many

offsets.

NEW WESTERN PLANTS
BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

Eriogonum viscidulum J. T. Howell, spec. nov. Annuum erectum
2—4 dm. altum, caulibus sepius solitariis ex basi, 2—8-chotomis supra,
flavo-viridibus, omnino preter ramulos ultimos viscidulis, glabris, sursum
deorsum minute striatulis, basi usque ad 4 mm. diametro, supremis fili-
formibus; foliis basalibus rotundis vel paululum longioribus quam lati-
oribus, 1—3 cm. longis, subreniformibus subtruncatisve vel raro etiam late
cuneatis basi, floccoso-tomentosis subter, arachnoideis vel subglabratis
supra, petiolis usque ad 4 cm. longis; bracteis plerumque 3, inferioribus
tenuiter tomentosis; pedicellis tenuissimis, 1—1.5 cm. longis, glabris, lzvi-
bus; involucris paucifloris (bifloris?), turbinatis, parvulis, 1 mm. longis,
basi angustissimis, glabris, 4-lobatis, lobis quadratis vel late subobcordatis,
szepe paululum latioribus quam longioribus, truncatis vel retusis, margini-
bus superioribus undique membranaceo-hyalinis, bracteolis minimis, minute
ciliatis; perianthiis perglabris, citrinis preter costam viridem, in senectute
rubiginoso-tinctis, segmentis oblongis, obtusis, interioribus et exterioribus
subsimilibus, ad anthesin 1.5 mm., in fructu 2 mm. longis; staminibus
glabris; acheniis turgide ovatis, 1 mm. longis, subacutis, levibus et sub-
nitentibus.

1 Triteleia peduncularis Lindley var. I¢ngipedicellata Eastwood, var.
nov. Pedicellis 15—17 cm. longis, erecto-divaricatis.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 107938, collected by A. A. Heller,
No. 12382, June 8, 1916, in ‘‘moist places in the oak belt between Hough's
Springs and the Colusa county line, the principal shrubs, Ceanothus and
Toxicodendron. The plants grew in moist gravel on a tributary of the
Cache Creek.”’

2 Triteleia peduncularis var. trifida Eastwood, var. nov. Differt: seg-
mentis alternantibus perianthii trifidis, floribus minoribus.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 256730, collected June 9, 1938, by John
Thomas Howell, No. 13909a, on a springy slope east of Bootjack, Mt. Tamal-
pais, Marin County. The author collected it in the same locality June 6,
1941. Mr. Howell’s plants were without corms. The author’s collection
had small corms furnished with several offsets.

APRIL, 1942] NEW WESTERN PLANTS 139

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 294932, collected from
sandstone bluff at the Virgin River Bridge, 5 miles southwest
of Bunkerville, Clark Co., Nevada, by Eastwood and Howell
No. 9031, May 8, 1941.

Eriogonum viscidulum, which superficially resembles a form
of E. trichopes with non-inflated stems, is most closely related
to E. subreniforme Wats., differing from that species in the
glabrous but viscidulous stems, the truncate or retuse involucral
lobes, the yellow perianth, and the much smaller achenes. Sand
thickly and firmly adheres to the glutinous coating that covers all
of the stem except the uppermost filiform branchlets. The station
where this remarkable plant was collected is also the type locality
of E. exaltatum M. E. Jones, topotypes of which were collected
by Miss Eastwood and me in September, 1938 (No. 6316).

Lewisia Cantelovii J. T. Howell, spec. nov. Herba perennis caudice
subgloboso; foliis basalibus crassis sed planiusculis, numerosis in rosula
plana, oblanceolatis, sensim attenuatis ad basin, vix petiolatis, 2—4.5 cm.
longis, 0.5—1.2 cm. latis, prominenter et argute dentatis vel prope basin
subintegris, apice obtusis vel subtruncatis plerumque retusis vel subobcor-
datis; caulibus scapiformibus, 1.5—4 cm. altis, gracilibus (1—2.5 mm.
diametro), foliis caulinis multum reductis, sparsis, anguste oblongis vel
lanceolatis, 3—10 mm. longis, acutis, denticulatis, denticulis foliorum
supremorum glanduliferis; paniculis multifloris aperte ramosis, ad 2 dm.
longis, pedicellis gracillimis, 0.5—1 cm. longis; sepalis late ellipticis, 3 mm.
longis, 2.5 mm. latis, glanduloso-dentatis; petalis 5 ad 7, 7 mm. longis,
albis, carneo-nervatis (carneis et roseo-nervatis in siccitate) ; staminibus
circa 5; stigmatibus 2; fructu ignoto.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 294735, collected by Mr.
and Mrs. H. C. Cantelow from wet rocky cliff, 3.2 miles west
of Belden in the Feather River Canyon, Plumas Co., California,
May 25, 1941.

Lewisia Cantelovii belongs to that part of the subgenus
Oreobroma in which the many-flowered panicles arise from low
rosettes of flattened leaves. It seems most closely related to the
rare Lewisia Congdonu (Rydb.) J. T. Howell? of Mariposa
County, differing in its toothed and differently shaped leaves.
From Lewista Heckneri (Morton) J. T. Howell,? a rare species
in the Trinity-Salmon Alps of northwestern California in which
the leaves are also dentate, it differs in its narrower retuse leaves,

1 Lewisia Congdonii (Rydb.) J. T. Howell, comb. nov. Oreobroma Cong-
donit Rydb., N. Amer. Fl. 21:322 (1932).

2 Lewisia Heckneri (Morton) J. T. Howell, comb. nov. Oreobroma
Heckneri Morton, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 44:9 (1931).

140 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 6

more graceful inflorescences, and smaller flowers. It is a real
pleasure to associate with this distinct and beautiful species the
name of Mr. Cantelow, who with Mrs. Cantelow, is responsible
for so many rare and choice accessions to the Academy’s
herbarium.

The following, taken from Mr. Cantelow’s diary for May 25,
1941, tells of the discovery of his Lewisia: “The ride down the
canyon was delightful. Well down the gorge, in the granite
section on a wet moss-covered wall we discovered a Lewista—
new to us. I took one and placed it in a pot. It seems to have
shallow roots—it sits, in fact, where a thin coating of soil has
gathered on a tiny ledge or crack and has been covered by a
cushion of moss. The flowers are inconspicuous, being white
strongly lined with pink. The large flat rosettes send up long
slender panicles which bear small leaves here and there, and the
flowers appear along the outer edge, being not over three-eighths
of an inch in diameter.”

Phacelia Quickii J. T. Howell, spec. nov. Annua glanduloso-hirsutula,
erecta stricta et pauciramosa supra vel fastigiate ramosa ex basi, 0.5—3.5
dm. alta; foliis interdum rosulatis basi, plerumque caulinis, infimis oppositis
2-jugis, alternis supra, lanceolatis ad oblongo-linearibus, 0.6—4 cm. longis,
0.2—1 cm. latis, integerrimis, plus minusve revolutis, acutis, basi sensim in
petiolum marginatum usque ad 1.5 cm. longum attenuatis; racemis densi-
floris, sepe elongatis, breviter pedunculatis, pedicellis circa 1 mm. longis;
sepalis inzqualibus, ad anthesin 2—4 mm. longis, 0.3—0.8 mm. latis, in
fructu plerumque valde inzqualibus, 3.5—7 mm. longis, 0.3—1 mm. Iatis,
anguste linearibus ad oblanceolato-spatulatis, glanduloso-hirsutis; corolla
cerulea vel lilicina, tarde decidua, primo campanulata, demum tubulata
post anthesin, 3—5 mm. longa, tubo circa 2 mm. longo; squamis 1 mm.
longis, anguste oblongis subquadrangularibus, squamis jugorum vicinorum
marginibus liberis connatis ; staminibus 3—6 mm. longis, plerumque paulum
exsertis, filamentis glabris ; stylo et ramis 3.5—6 mm. longis, ramis 2.5—4.5
mm. longis, stylo hirsutulo et glanduloso, ramis basi glandulosis; ovario
circa 1 mm. longo, glanduloso-hirsutulo, ovulis 4; capsula globoso-ovata,
paululum longiore quam latiore, 2—2.5 mm. longa, hirsuta et hirtella, vix
glandulosa, rostro perbrevi vel obsolescenti; seminibus 2 vel 3, turgide
lateque ovatis, obtusis, 1.3 mm. longis.

Type: Herb, Calif. Acad. Sei: No. 294733, colléctediiby
Clarence R. Quick, 3 miles northeast of Strawberry, Tuolumne
County, California, June 19, 1931. The species is not uncommon
in the main forest belt of the Sierra Nevada from Lake Tahoe
south to the region of Yosemite. Specimens are in Herb. Calif.
Acad. Sci. from Eldorado, Alpine, Tuolumne, Mariposa, and

APRIL, 1942] NEW WESTERN PLANTS 141

Madera counties, five besides the type having been collected by
Mr. Quick.

Phacelia Quicku has been confused by Brand and others
with P. humilis T. & G. It is the plant figured as that species
in Jepson, Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. fig. 789; and I reported it as
P. humilis in my Yosemite plant notes in the Sierra Club Bulle-
tin, vol, 26, p. 69. It is most closely related to P. marcescens
Eastw. from which it differs in its narrower leaves, markedly
unequal sepals, less marcescent corolla, subglobose fruit, and
plumper seeds. Both of these species are related to P. humilis,
but they may be distinguished by their glandular pubescence
and glabrous filaments.

Phacelia Quicku is named in honor of my friend and former
student, Mr. Clarence R. Quick of the Office of Blister Rust
Control of the United States Department of Agriculture. For
more than ten years the Herbarium of the California Academy
of Sciences has been periodically enriched by gifts of specimens
which he has collected, chiefly from middle elevations of the
Sierra Nevada.

Senecio Lewisrosei J. T. Howell, spec. nov. Herba perennis suffru-
tescens, caudicis ramis crassis, ad 12 mm. diametro, patentibus, subligneis,
caulibus floriferis erectis annuis, 3—5 dm. altis, arachnoideo-tomentosis
vel demum subglabratis; foliis bi- vel tri-pinnatisectis, ad 12 cm. longis,
4 cm. latis, oblongis, incano-tomentosis, divisionibus gracillimis, segmentis
ultimis oblongis, acutis, ad 3 mm. latis, foliis superioribus similibus sed
reductis, sepe pinnatisectis; capitulis 1.5 cm. longis, radiatis, paucis in
cyma corymbosa terminali; involucro campanulato, vix calyculato, circa
1 cm. longo, phyllariis subglabratis, 14 ad 21, lineari-lanceolatis; floribus
radii paucis, 1 ad 3 (vel 0?), floribus disci numerosis ; acheniis cylindraceo-
turbinatis, prominente costatis, 3—4 mm. longis, glabris.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 294928, collected in the
canyon of the North Fork of the Feather River at an elevation
of about 2000 ft., 3 miles south of Pulga, Butte County, Cali-
fornia, June 7, 1939, by Lewis S. Rose, No. 39247.

Senecio Lewisrosei is a member of the Section Lobati Rydb.
and is most nearly related to S. eurycephalus T. & G. as the sec-
tion is treated by Greenman (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 15—35,—
1917). It is to be distinguished from that species by its more
extended suffrutescent base, remarkably dissected leaves, few
rays, and smaller achenes. The tendency to dimorphism of leaves
in S. eurycephalus and other related species, in which the lower
leaves are less divided than the upper, is entirely lacking in the

142 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. 6

present species, in which the leaves on the sterile basal shoots
are sometimes even more finely dissected than are the upper
leaves of the flowering stems.

It is a distinct pleasure to name this beautiful senecio in
honor of its discoverer, Mr. Lewis S. Rose, whose devotion
to the botanical department of the California Academy of
Sciences has been exemplified in his generous gifts of speci-
mens and herbarium assistance. Since 1931, he has given to the
Academy 48,579 specimens received from all parts of the world
through his exchange activities, and, in addition, more than
5000 of his own collecting from widespread parts of western
North America. Of even greater scientific significance, per-
haps, is Mr. Rose’s work in the Academy herbarium. Most
generously and faithfully he has relieved the curators (especially
the writer) of many time-consuming tasks, so that their efforts
could be devoted to much of the research that has found publi-
cation in LEAFLETS OF WESTERN Botany. As floras, mono-
graphs, and revisions have appeared, Mr. Rose has competently
checked each with the Academy collections, correcting determi-
nations, annotating cited collections, and adding references and
synonomy to the species- and genus-covers. I doubt if any her-
barium in America has been more solicitously curated than has
the Academy’s with Mr. Rose’s help.

THE WATER LILY, NYMPHASA OQDORATA,
Me CULIMNVATED PLANT IN THE STATE
OF WASHINGTON*

BY HAROLD ST. JOHN

University of Hawai, Honolulu

Range extensions of plants are always of interest, especially
so when they are great extensions of the range of a noteworthy
plant.

In 1939 C. W. Sharsmith reported (State College of Wash-
ington, Res. Stud. 7:159—160,—1939) Nymphea odorata
Dryand. ex Ait. (Castalia odorata) from northeastern Wash-
ington. It was collected by another person, Roy D. Shenefelt
on Aug. 15, 1938, at Newman Lake, Spokane County. Shar-

* New and Noteworthy Northwestern Plants—Part 10.

APRIL, 1942] NYMPH/EA ODORATA 143

smith did not reach a final decision, but he suggested as equal
possibilities that the water lily at Newman Lake might be a
recent introduction, a garden escape, or an indigenous member
of the flora. No further investigations seem to have been made
by Sharsmith or the succeeding botanists in eastern Washington.

One other water lily of this genus, Nymphea tetragona
Georgi subsp. Leibergi (Morong) Porsild, is of rare and local
occurrence in the Pacific Northwest. In 1892 J. B. Leiberg first
collected it in a pond at Granite Station, Bonner County, Idaho.
No other neighboring stations have been found, and in 1929
when Mrs. E. E. Teape sought to make added collections, she
found the pond dried up and the exsiccated bottom without any
of these water lilies with white flowers that are small (1—1%
inches in diameter) and odorless. Dr. W. C. Muenscher has
reported (Torreya 40:167,—1940) another locality, near the
Pacific coast at Ferndale, Whatcom County, Washington, The
writer, during extensive explorations of the Pacific Northwest,
has never encountered any native Nymphea or white water lily.
He has fond memories of N. odorata from the northeastern
United States, where the myriad lakes are fringed with their
rounded pads and in season glisten with their white, fragrant,
floating blossoms. The species is abundant in the eastern,
southern, and midwestern states and the eastern Canadian
provinces, and extends as far west as the line from Manitoba
to Kansas and eastern Texas. It barely enters the tier of states
of the Great Plains. According to the standard floras and the
state check lists, it is lacking in North Dakota, South Dakota,
and Nebraska. In Kansas there are but three stations, two in
the far eastern part, one in the northwestern part. It is recorded
in Oklahoma, and in Texas it is reported only from the coasta!
prairies or the northeastern half of the gulf coast. There are
no records for the great expanse of the Great Plains to the west-
ward, or from the Rocky Mountains, or from the Pacific States.

A range extension of Nymphea odorata from its nearest
station in Kansas to Spokane County, 1,000 miles westward
across plains and mountains, would be really noteworthy, but
it needs verification.

Newman Lake is an attractive lake 2% miles long, occupy-
ing the head of a side valley opening out onto the sand and gravel

144 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. Ill, NO. 6

flats of the Spokane Valley. The lake has no outlet, the water
seeping away through the sand plains. It is closely ringed on
three sides by the steep, wooded ridges that culminate to the
north in Mt. Spokane. It is situated within one mile of the Idaho
boundary and about 10 miles northwest by west of the city of
Spokane. The lake is a charming one, quiet, sheltered, and
largely bordered with an evergreen forest. Naturally it has
become a resort for the city dwellers from Spokane, and its
shores are closely ringed by camps, cottages, and summer homes.

In an attempt to verify the record of the water lily at New-
man Lake, an inquiry was sent to a friend, Warren W. Clarke,
who has long had a lake cottage there. On Oct. 2, 1941, he
replied:

“T know exactly the location of the water lilies which you
mentioned. They are in the back yard, so to speak, of my friend
C. A. Bartleson of the Spokane Building Supply Company, who
is also a member of our Peninsula Road Association at Newman
Lake. They are not, by the way, white water lilies, but have a
pinkish tinge. They are, however, the eastern lily. They are
large and fragrant and the leaves lie flat on top of the water and
they are quite distinct from the yellow blossoms of the tulles
(Nuphar polysepalum Engelm.) at Newman Lake.

“Mr. Bartleson says these lilies are not native to Newman
Lake at all. His wife purchased the roots at one of the florist
shops in Spokane and then planted them in the lake in a little
inlet or bay just beyond their garage. The muskrats ate the roots
or bulbs off all but one. This one, however, survived and has
spread until now there are between 50 and 100 plants and they
are doing nicely and seem to thrive. They were planted about
ten years ago.”

This evidence seems complete and final. The water lily was
recently planted in Newman Lake, Washington, and is not in-
digenous. It is possible that it is not Nymphea odorata. Mr.
Clarke testifies that the flowers are not white, but have a pinkish
tinge. Hence, it is suggested that the plant may be a horti-
cultural variety of that species or even another of the numerous
species in cultivation and offered for sale by florists.

Vou. III No. 7

LEAFLETS

of
WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS
PAGE

A List of Vascular Plants from acetate Island,
Lower California .. Me ee

Joun THOMAS Hoare’

An Addition to the Genus Swertia . . . . . . 155
R. C. BARNEBY

Eg de eet es INL by
ALIcE EAstwoop

Concerning David Douglas . . . . . .. « + 1600
JoHn THomas Howe.

The Identity of Phacelia humilis var. calycosa . . . 162
Joun THomas Howe.

Scirpus criniger Transferred to Eriophorum . . . . 164
ALAN A. BEETLE

A New Californian Polygonum. . . . . . .~ 166
J. F. BRENCKLE

A New Erigeron from Idaho St eet Ad he PRE
ARTHUR CRONQUIST

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
Joy. 21,1942

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the
native flora of western North America, appearing about four
times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single
numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco,
California. °

Cited as

LEAFL. WEsT. Bort.

RUMOUR OU OU

INCHES

fuavanvnengnnnayeenggenenpenn gacaguuay ecg aveyeseapagTg AUT TT |

Owned and published by

Auice Eastwoop and JoHN THomAs Howe.

JULY, 1942] GUADALUPE PLANTS 145

A LIST OF VASCULAR PLANTS FROM GUADALUPE
ISLAND, LOWER CALIFORNIA

BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

In the last published list of Guadalupe Island plants (East-
wood, 1929), 161 vascular plants are listed. On my two visits
to the island, as recounted in an earlier paper (Howell, 1941 b),
I collected 94 vascular plants of which 20 are new to the flora of
the island and 11 are known from only one earlier collection.
Most of the new records represent weeds which will probably
become increasingly abundant on the island, but several of the
new records are undoubtedly of indigenous plants overlooked by
earlier collectors. An enumeration of my collections follows, the
new records being marked by an asterisk.

List oF COLLECTIONS

NotHoL2NA Newserryi D. C. Eaton. Under rocks on dry
canyon side above the barracks, Northeast Anchorage, No. 8169.

POLYPODIUM CALIFORNICUM Kaulf. Rock-crevice in pine
grove, No. 8264.

Pinus RADIATA Don. The typical form with cones decidedly
asymmetrical is not common. No. 8184, No. 8269.

PINUS RADIATA Don forma BINATA (Engelm.) J. T. Howell.
This is the most common form of Guadalupe Island pine with
cones only moderately asymmetrical. No. 8183, No. 8268.

PINus RADIATA Don forma GUADALUPENSIS J. T. Howell.
This form with cones nearly symmetrical and smooth is not
common. No. 8185, No. 8267. The pines with the three forms
of cones grow together on the high narrow ridge at the north
end of the island above the Northeast Anchorage. An extended
discussion of this pine has already been given (Howell, 1941 a).

CUPRESSUS GUADALUPENSIS Wats. Because of the fastigiate
manner of branching, the trees are moderately broad with a
rounded crown, although occasionally the crown of an individual
may tend to be flat and broader. In young specimens the trunk
is smooth and is covered with an even unridged bark of grayish-
purple mottled or blotched with gray. In older specimens the
lower part of the trunk becomes strongly ribbed or ridged longi-
tudinally, probably due to the dying out of certain vascular
strands. In color of foliage there is considerable variation, some

Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. III, pp. 145-168, July 21, 1942.

146 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 7

specimens being especially green, others noticeably glaucous,
while on the whole the trees are moderately glaucous ; in density
of foliage likewise there is variation, some individuals being quite
loosely branched, others closely so. Although the cones varied
considerably in size and shape, the several variants were constant
for a given tree. An individual specimen about 40 to 50 feet tall
which seemed about as large as any, measured 18% feet in
circumference (5% feet or 1.67 m. in diameter) about 1 foot
above the ground. The diameter of the trunks is usually only
about half as large as the one measured but the height is about
that of most of the trees. No small trees were seen; seedlings
with only their tiny seed-leaves were numerous but unfortunately
they will furnish the goats with a wee bit of green pasture in
the summer.

The following variations were collected: No. 8297 (cones
large and relatively smooth, leaves only slightly glaucous) ; No.
8298 (small cones with horns) ; No. 8299 (cones large and rela-
tively smooth, herbage very green and non-glaucous) ; No. 8300
(cones with short horns, herbage very glaucous); No. 8301
(cones furrowed, the cone-scales convex) ; No. 8302 (large cones
with horns, herbage rather green) ; No. 8303 (cones oblongish
and horned).

*AVENA BARBATA Brot. Not common but occurring widely.
No. 8283.

*BROMUS RUBENS L. Not common, this collection made near
the Northeast Anchorage. No. 8280.

*FESTUCA MEGALURA Nutt. Gravelly slope of pine ridge, No.
8259; pine grove, No. 8263; slopes above the barracks, No.
S284A.

*FESTUCA OCTOFLORA Walt. Not common in middle part of
island, No. 8309.

HorDEUM MuRINUM L. In 1885 Greene found “only a few
tufts ...near the cabins on the plateau.”’ In 1925 Mason reported
it as ““very common ;” and in 1932 in my field book, I noted it as
“the most common plant on the island.” I did not collect a speci-
men.

MUHLENBERGIA MICROSPERMA (DC.) Kunth. Rare; this, the
only specimen seen, from the slope of the pine ridge. No. 8255.

PHALARIS CAROLINIANA Walt. Rare; only seen in the middle
part of the island. No. 8317.

JULY, 1942] GUADALUPE PLANTS 147

*Poa ANNUAL. Pine grove, No. 8260.

Juncus suronius L. On springy slope along trail to the
cypress grove, not seen elsewhere. No. 8286.

Bropr#a sp. Leaves of a species of Brodiea were numerous
on the east slope of Mt. Augusta.

QUERCUS TOMENTELLA Engelm. There may be two species of
oak on Guadalupe Island; or, with the collection of a number of
specimens, it may be possible to show that the two types are
extremes of variation in a single species. What I take to be
specimens typical of Q. tomentella Engelm. were collected on
July 15, 1922, by J. R. Slevin, who has told me that they were
obtained in the oak grove on the west side of the ridge north of
Mt. Augusta between the cypress and pine groves. This is the
oak grove figured in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 18: plate 34,
figs. 1 and 2. In the specimens collected by Mr. Slevin the twigs
and the lower side of the leaves of the current season are densely
tomentellous with rather loose buff-colored hairs. The older
branches are glabrate or nearly so and the lower side of older
leaves are only thinly pubescent and slightly glaucous.

The specimens of oak which I collected came from a few
trees clustered near the head of the rocky canyon above the
barracks on the east side of the island. Although these specimens
are not entirely typical of Q. chrysolepis Liebm., they are more
like that species than the specimens of Q. tomentella described
above. In these, the leaves are more coriaceous; the upper side
is light green and the lower side is entirely pale and chalky with
a scattering of those peculiar glandular trichomes characteristic
of the Canyon Live Oak of California. The pubescence on the
twigs and petiole is thick and close, quite unlike the relatively
shaggy pubescence of typical Q. tomentella. I was able to obtain
acorns and cups and these resemble the acorns and cups of that
form of Q. chrysolepis that occurs in the mountains of southern
California that has been called Q. crassipocula Torr. No. 8173.

PARIETARIA FLORIDANA Nutt. Slope of pine ridge, No. 8252;
cypress grove, No. §296. Occurring throughout the island under
rocks.

PTEROSTEGIA DRYMARIOIDES F. & M. Slope of pine ridge,
No. 8248. Occurring throughout the island except at the extreme
south end.

148 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. III, NO. 7

ATRIPLEX BARCLAYANA subsp. PALMERI (Wats.) Hall &
Clements. This is one of the common plants of the desert region
at the south end of the island. Although there was observed some
variation in habit and vesture and considerable variation in size
and shape of fruiting bracts, all are here regarded as belonging
to a single variable entity. No attempt has been made to separate
A. Rosei Standl. from A. Palmeri Wats., for both of which
Guadalupe Island is the type locality. Staminate plants, No. 188,
No. 8197 ; pistillate plants, No. 8187, No. 8198, No. 8199.

* ATRIPLEX CALIFORNICA Mog. Ocean bluff near the barracks,
No. 8174.

CHENOPODIUM MURALE L. Slope of pine ridge, No. 8254.
Occurring elsewhere but nowhere common.

*SuDA FRUTICOSA (L.) Forsk. According to Standley’s
treatment in the North American Flora (21 :86—92, as Dondia),
the scraggly glabrous shrub at the south end of the island seems
to be this species. No. 8189.

MrraBiLis HEIMERLII (Standl.) Macbr. This grew among
rocks at the south end of the island, the type locality. It is probably
only an insular variety of the widespread and variable mainland
species, M. levis (Benth.) Curran, which was originally described
from Magdalena Bay. No. 8333.

MESEMBRYANTHEMUM CRYSTALLINUM L. Common on rocky
slopes at the south end, No. 8334.

*MESEMBRYANTHEMUM NODIFLORUM L. South end, No.
8190.

CaLANDRINIA Menziesit (Hook.) T. & G. Slope of pine
ridge, No. 8251; trail to Mt. Augusta, No. 8288 ; near the upper
corral, No. 8299 (petals white).

MonrTIA PERFOLIATA (Don) Howell. Pine grove, No. 8262.
The form on Guadalupe Island, which is rather common through-
out the island and almost invariable, has been named Limnta
guadalupensis Rydb.

TALINUM GUADALUPENSE Dudley. On rocks inaccessible to
goat and man near the Northeast Anchorage grew a striking
plant with white fleshy leaves and what seemed to be lavender-
blue flowers. I took it to be this rare Guadalupe endemic which
will be one of those plants discussed at length in a chapter I
propose on ‘“‘Plants I Didn’t Collect!”

JULY, 1942] GUADALUPE PLANTS 149

SILENE GALLICA L. Occasional on trail to the cypress grove
but not seen elsewhere. No. 8284.

SPERGULARIA MACROCARPA (Hornem.) Heynh. The much-
condensed plants I collected from the arid slopes of the south end
of the island are what Greene described as Tissa Talinum. No.
8200, No. 8329.

SPERGULARIA MARINA (L.) Griseb. Seen only on trail to
cypress grove, No. 8287.

ESCHSCHOLZIA ELEGANS Greene. Following Munz, I am re-
ferring the delicate glaucous annual which I collected to this
insular species, the type locality of which is Guadalupe Island.
However my plants, which are from the south end of Guadalupe
Island, are much smaller and more delicate than the type in Herb.
Calif. Acad. Sci. and they should perhaps be referred elsewhere.
No. 8323A.

Eschscholzia frutescens (Greene) J. T. Howell, comb. nov.
Petromecon frutescens Greene, Pitt. 5:294 (1905). Foliage and
stems of this very remarkable poppy were among the botanical
specimens collected by Mr. Templeton Crocker from ocean bluffs
inaccessible to goats near the Northeast Anchorage. The young
stems and leaves are very glaucous while the thickened woody
stems from the base of the plant are 1.5 cm. in diameter and are
covered with a rather soft corky bark that is a bright golden-brown
in color. Certainly in habit and aspect this differs from the usual
type of Eschscholzia but I do not believe there is sufficient struc-
tural divergence to warrant the generic segregation proposed by
Greene. No. 8176.

EScCHSCHOLZIA PALMERI Rose. Petromecon Palmeri (Rose)
Greene. Low stout perennial from arid flats at the south end of
the island, No. 8201.

*CAPSELLA Bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. Occasional on rocky
slope below the upper corral on trail to the cypress grove, No.
8291.

*CAPSELLA PROCUMBENS (L.) Fries. Gravelly soil at south
end of island, No. 8330.

DESCURAINIA PINNATA (Walt.) Britt. subsp. MENzieEsi1
(DC.) Detling. Occasional in meadow in cypress grove, No. 8295.

*SISYMBRIUM Irto L. Seen only near the barracks, No. 8276.

CAULANTHUS LASIOPHYLLUS (H. & A.) Payson. Occasional
in the middle and southern parts of the island, No. 8304, No. 8326.

150 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 7

THYSANOCARPUS ERECTUS Wats. Leaves pale and glaucous ;
sepals purplish; petals white; fruit glabrous or hairy, wing of
fruit purple. Not common on rocky slopes between the cypress
grove and the broad transverse valley, No. 8305.

LEPIDIUM, LASIOCARPUM Nutt. Near the barracks, No. 8275;
middle of the island, No. 8316 in part.

LEPIDIUM OBLONGUM Small. In pine grove, No. 8182; slope
of pine ridge, No. 8249 ; middle of island, No. 8316 in part.

*LEPIDIUM NITIDUM Nutt. Seen only on trail to cypress
grove, No. 8293.

OLIGOMERIS LINIFOLIA (Vahl) Macbr. Near the barracks,
No. 8281, and occasional on dry slopes over all the island.

TitL#a ERECTA H. & A. Slope of pine ridge, No. 8253, and
occasional in sandy or gravelly places throughout the island.

Hosack1aA OrNITHOPUS Greene. Ocean bluff near the North-
east Anchorage, No. 8177.

*]_UPINUS BICOLOR Lindl. var. MICROPHYLLUS ( Wats.) C. P.
Smith. Seen only on trail to cypress grove, No. 8289.

Lupinus Niveus Wats. Ocean bluff near the Northeast An-
chorage, No. 8178.

*MEDICAGO HISPIDA Gaertn. Seen only near the barracks,
No. 8279.

TRIFOLIUM AMPLECTENS T. & G. On trail to the cypress
grove, No. 8285. Common at higher elevations on the island.

*TRIFOLIUM GRACILENTUM T. & G. Common clover at lower
elevations at north end of island, as on slope on pine ridge, No.
8247,

TRIFOLIUM GRACILENTUM T. & G. var. PALMERI ( Wats.)
McDerm. In the middle and southern parts of the island, No.
8308, No. 8332.

TRIFOLIUM MICROCEPHALUM Pursh. Slope of pine ridge,
No. 8246.

ViciA EXIGUA Nutt. Near the south end of the island, No.
8320.

Eropium cicuTartum L’Her. Common at higher elevations
throughout the island, as in the pine grove, No. 8266.

Eropium mMoscHATUM L’Her. Throughout the island, espe-
cially at lower elevations, No. 8265. The two species of Erodium
are perhaps the commonest plants on Guadalupe Island after
Hordeum murinum L.

JULY, 1942] GUADALUPE PLANTS 151

Evupuorsia Ponpi Millsp. E. guadalupensis J. T. Howell.
Occasional on gravelly flats at the south end of the island, No.
8195, No. 8331.

MALVA PARVIFLORA L. Widespread over the island but not
abundant. No. 8261.

SPH#RALCEA PALMERI Rose. Depressed condensed plants
on the rocky mesa at Melpomene Cove at the south end of the
island, No. 8328.

SPH #RALCEA SULPHUREA Wats. Ocean bluffs near the North-
east Anchorage, No. 8181. The petals are pale yellowish.

MAMILLARIA GooprRIDGEI Scheer. Arid flats at south end of
island, No. 8193, No. 8335. Petals rosy-pink, fading to white on
margins ; fruit orange-red.

OPUNTIA PROLIFERA Engelm. Near the barracks, No. 8170.

CONVOLVULUS MACROSTEGIUS Greene. Hanging in long masses
from crevices of rocks just below the upper corral, No. 8292.

Gitia Nevinit Gray. Occasional at lower and middle eleva-
tions throughout the island: near the barracks, No. 8270, No.
8271; middle part, No. 8313 ; south end, No. 8325.

LiInantTuUus sp. Seedlings of a species of Linanthus were
occasional in meadows in the cypress grove. These may have
been either Gilia guadalupensis Brand or Gilia pygmea Brand
both of which were described from Palmer’s Guadalupe Island
collection.

ELLISIA CHRYSANTHEMIFOLIA Benth. At lower elevations;
fairly common near the barracks, No. 8282; at the south end of
island, No. 8322.

NEMOPHILA RACEMOSA Nutt. Near the barracks, No. 8278;
middle southern part of island, No. 8319.

PHACELIA FLORIBUNDA Greene. Young plants just beginning
to bloom, in the shade of rocks at south end of island, No. 8323.

AMSINCKIA INTERMEDIA F. & M. In the south central part
of the island, No. 8321.

CRYPTANTHA FOLIOSA Greene. Slope of pine ridge, No. 8258 ;
near the barracks, No. 8273; middle part of island, No. 8318;
south end, No. 8192. This Guadalupe endemic occurs sparingly
at the north end of the island, rather commonly at the south.

CRYPTANTHA MARITIMA Greene. Near the barracks, No.
8272; south end of island, No. 8324.

152 ' LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. Ill, NO. 7

HARPAGONELLA PALMERI Gray. Plants of this monotypic
genus, first described from Guadalupe Island, were seen only in
the middle part of the island where it was fairly common. No.
8300.

PECTOCARYA PENICILLATA (H.& A.) A. DC. Trail to cypress
grove, No. &290.

*PLAGIOBOTHRYS CALIFORNICUS (Gray) Greene. Seen only
near the barracks, No. 8274.

LycruM CALIFORNICUM Nutt. Forming thickets that are one
of the conspicuous vegetative features of the south end of island,
No. 8194. The manner in which this plant spreads and propagates
itself vegetatively is noteworthy. The stems grow about a half
meter tall and then curve over to the ground. On reaching the
ground the stems grow along the ground for several centimeters
and then again grow upward to the usual height before bending
downwards again. Since the parts in contact with the soil root,
broad loose spiny thickets are formed. The sizes of the flower-
parts of the present collection are a little smaller than those given
by Hitchcock in his monograph.

ANTIRRHINUM NUTTALLIANUM Benth. Middle part of island,
No. 8314.

ANTIRRHINUM SPECIOSUM (Nutt.) Gray. Above the bar-
racks, No. 8171; ocean bluffs near Northeast Anchorage, No.
8180.

PLANTAGO INSULARIS Eastw. South end of island, No. 8196,
No. 83244 ; near the barracks, No. 8275A.

GaLiuM APpaRINE L. Middle of island, No. 8307; occasional
elsewhere.

AMBLYOPAPPUS PUSILLUS H. & A. Middle part of island,
No. 8317A.

Beria chrysostoma F. & M. var. Palmeri (Gray) J. T.
Howell, comb. nov. B. Palmeri Gray, Bot. Calif. 1:376 (1876).
Differing from B. chrysostoma var. gracilis (Gray) Hall in the
character of the pappus-paleee which are firm in texture and
laciniate or coarsely denticulate. Occasional from the middle to
the south end of island. No. 8315.

Beriopsis J. T. Howell, gen. nov., Compositarum. Capitula heterogama,
radiata, floribus radii femineis, floribus disci hermaphroditis, omnibus
fertilibus. Involucrum late hemisphericum, phyllariis 7 vel 8, 2-seriatis,
subzequalibus, herbaceis, crassis, distinctis, late obovatis, abrupte acutiusculis,

JULY, 1942] GUADALUPE PLANTS 153

concavo-carinatis, achenia radii basi foventibus. Receptaculum hemisphzri-
cum, scrobiculatum. Corollz radii ligulate. Corolle disci regulares, limbo
breviter 5-fido, faucibus campanulatis, tubo zqualibus vel paulum longior-
ibus. Rami styli apice capitato-truncati, breviter penicillati. Achenia
anguste cuneata, paulum compressa, 3- vel 4-angulata, dense resinoso-
glandulosa, angulis sparse hirsuta. Pappus squamellatus parvus, squamellis
plus minusve inzqualibus et obliquis, firmis, enerviis, erosulatis. ——
Herba xerophila perennis depressa glabra, caulibus paucis brevibus dense
foliosis ex radice lignea. Folia carnoso-cylindracea, lineari-oblanceolata,
alterna, sessilia, integra. Capitule mediocres, subterminales, solitariz,
pedunculate, multiflores, floribus flavis.

Beriopsis guadalupensis J. T. Howell, spec. nov. Caulibus 3—4 cm.
longis, foliis omnino vestitis ; foliis 1 ad prope 2 cm. longis, circa 1—2 mm.
latis, basi paulum attenuatis; capitulis circa 1 cm. diametro, phyllariis
4—5 mm. longis, 3 mm. latis, pedunculis nudis, 0.5—1.5 cm. longis; ligulis
4 mm. longis, 3 mm. latis, apice 3-denticulatis; corollis disci 2.5—3 mm.
longis, lobis 0.5 mm. longis, apice penicillato-appendiculatis, faucibus 1—1.5
mm. longis, pilos longos sparsos ferentibus, tubo 1 mm. longo, glanduloso-
piloso; acheniis 2.5 mm. longis; squamellis 12—15, circa 0.5 mm. longis,
oblongis, subacutis vel obtusis, interdum basi confluentibus.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 280934, collected March
18, 1932, on a rocky flat in the desert region at the south end of
Guadalupe Island, Lower California, J. T. Howell No. 8327A.
Only a single specimen of this peculiar little xerophyte, growing
with Hemizonia Palmeri Rose and Spheralcea Palmeri Rose,
was found. It carries 5 heads, one each on 3 branches and 2 on
yet another.

Although the little plant reminds one of a small condensed
Beria, the immediate affinities of the plant are not evident. It
belongs to the subtribe Beriee of the Helenioidee according to
Bentham and Hooker (Gen. Pl. 2:200) ; according to Gray it
seems to belong to the “Bahia type” of the Heleniee rather than
to the “Beria type” (Syn. Fl. 1, pt. 2:72) ; and it is referable to
the Heleniee-Helenine according to O. Hoffmann (Engler &
Prantl, Die Nat. Pfl. 1V.5:254). The characters of the involucre,
achenes, and pappus seem to relate the plant to Amblyopappus,
a monotypic genus of California and Chile which is referred by
Gray to his “Bahia type’’ but by Rydberg to his subtribe Beriane
(N. Amer. Fl. 34:2, 75). From Beria, our plant seems further
removed by its habit, alternate leaves, rounded receptacle, and
pappus, and yet further from such a representative of the “Bahia
type” as Eriophyllum. The extreme xerophytic development in
Beriopsis is like that of no other member of the Heleniee with

154 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. III, NO. 7

which I am acquainted and it may bear to the Bahia group in that
tribe a relation comparable to that of Kleinia to Senecio.

FiLaGo arizonica Gray. Slope of pine ridge, No. 8256;
middle part of island, No. 8312.

FILAGO CALIFORNICA Nutt. Slope of pine ridge, No. 8257;
middle part of island, No. 8311.

FRANSERIA CAMPHORATA Greene. Middle part of island,
No. 8310.

HEMIZONIA GREENEANA Rose. Seen only at the south end of
island where it grows with Atriplex Barclayana subsp. Palmert
and Lycium californicum. No. 8186, No. 8191. The young plants
have spreading prostrate branches but later as wind-blown sand
collects about the plants and more erect central stems arise, the
plants develop into large hemispherical mounds quite covered
with leafy branchlets. One of the largest of these mounds was
0.6 m. tall and 1.42 m. across. The woody base is covered by a
rough bark and attains a diameter of nearly a decimeter. As this
plant grows on the open wind-swept slopes back of Melpomene
Cove, a dark green mound here and there, it is a distinctive feature
of the landscape.

HeMIzoniA PALMERI Rose. Only two plants seen on rocky
flats at the south end of island, No. 8327. The depressed shrubby
plants of this species with its pale sericeous leaves are very
different in appearance from those of H. Greeneana which also
grow in the vicinity.

HypocHa@ris GLABRA L. Slope of pine ridge, No. 8250.
Occasional in canyons néar the north end of island.

NESOTHAMNUS INCANUS (Gray) Rydb. Above the barracks,
No. 8172; ocean bluff near Northeast Anchorage, No. 8179.

PERITYLE GRAYI Rose. South end of island, No. 8196A.

SONCHUS OLERACEUS L. Near the barracks, No. 8277.

STEPHANOMERIA GUADALUPENSIS Brandegee. An excellent
fruiting specimen was obtained by Mr. Templeton Crocker from
an ocean bluff near the Northeast Anchorage. This is perhaps
the first collection since the original. No. 8175.

REFERENCES
Eastwoop, A.
1929. Studies in the flora of Lower California and adjacent islands.
Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 18 :394—420.

JULY, 1942] | AN ADDITION TO GENUS SWERTIA 155

HowE.t, J. T.
194la. The closed-cone pines of insular California. Leafl. West. Bot.
3 :1—8.
1941b. My visits to Guadalupe Island. Leafl. West. Bot. 3:36—41.

tT uF 7?

Reports on the nonvascular cryptogams, collected on the 1931 and 1932
visits of Templeton Crocker to Guadalupe Island, have been published in
Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Series 4 (unless otherwise noted) as follows:

Algae. Setchell, W. A., and Gardner, N. L., 22 :65—98 (1937) ; Setchell,
W. A., 22 :127—158 (1939).

Fungi. Bonar, L., 22 :195—206 (1939).

Lichenes. Linder, D. H., 21:211—224 (1934) ; Darbishire, O. V., 21:
285—294 (1935).

Hepatice. Howe, M. A., 21:199—210 (1934) ; Sutliffe, D., Bryologist
35 :41—42 (1932).

Musci. Bartram, E. B., 21:75—86 (1933).

AN ADDITION TO THE GENUS SWERTIA
BY R. C. BARNEBY

Swertia gypsicola Barneby, spec. nov. floribus albis foliisque oppositis
albomarginatis Leucocraspedis Rydb. seu speciebus glabris S. nitide (Bth.)
Jeps. evidenter affinis sed caudice multicipite valido, foliis angustissime
linearibus glandulzeque petaline structura ab omnibus diversa nec ulla cum
specie hucusque descripta arcte comparanda.

Herba perennis undique levis glaberrima pallide glauco-virens vel
albicans e radice simplice verticali crassa caudice breviter ramoso indurato
coronata multicaulis: caudicis pluricipitis ramulis arcte confertis 1—4 cm.
longis tota longitudine foliorum evanidorum vaginis fibrosis persistentibus
imbricatim vestitis ceespitem depressum firmum 1—2 dm. latum efformanti-
bus: caulibus annotinis primariis perbrevibus vix 1 cm. longis creberrime
foliatis apice sterilibus fertiles herbaceos elongatos radicales 1—4 e foliorum
imorum axillis emittentibus: caulibus florigeris erectis gracilibus teretibus
striatis nitidis 2—3 dm. longis inferne simplicissimis circa medium in
paniculam angustam denudatam rigidam presertim pauci- atque remoti-
floram interdum valde depauperatam subracemosam abeuntibus: foliis
omnibus oppositis, iis axeos primarii arcte imbricatis infimis in vaginam
coriaceam late ovato-acuminatam ca. 1 cm. longam amplexicaulem reductis
in terminalia pauca laxe rosulata plus minusve erecta supra basin late
vaginantem scariosam anguste linearia obtusiuscula 5—9 cm. longa 1.5—2.5
mm. lata conduplicata obscure 5—7-nervia pulchre sed tenuiter albomar-
ginata abrupte accrescentibus ; iis caulium fertilium (imis approximatis ad
vaginam discolorem reductis exceptis) internodiis 2—3 cm. longis semotis
e basi breviter connata lineari-filiformibus superne canaliculatis margine
angustissima alba nonnumquam minute sinuata preditis presertim patulis
apice falcato-recurvis apiculatis 2—4 cm. longis vix 2 mm. latis sursum
in inflorescentiz bracteas ultimas ovatas minutissimas scarioso-marginatas

156 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. III, NO. 7

gradatim decrescentibus: floribus 4-meris oppositis remotiusculis secus
panicule ramulos adscendentes singulatim dispositis haud verticillatis
pedicello gracili 2—12 mm. longo nudo vel gemmis lateralibus penultimis
abortis quasi 2-bracteolato infra calycem paullo clavato insidentibus : calycis
laciniis triangulari-ovatis acuminatis 4 mm. longis 1.5—2 mm. latis scarioso-
marginatis: petalis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis integerrimis 6—6.5 mm.
longis circa 2 mm. latis albidis vel seepius candidis superne inordinatim
cyaneo-guttulatis -scriptisve infra medium glandula unica lineari-oblonga
impressa (inferne bullata) tubulosa viridi 2.25 mm. longa 0.75 mm. lata,
ore elliptico subterminali vix 0.75 mm. longo 0.5 lato margine erecta mem-
branacea saltem 1 mm. alta profunde laciniata cincto ad ipsum apicem
aperta instructis: appendiculis corollinis (seu laciniis coronz) erectis circa
2 mm. longis nunc lanceolatis subintegris dentatisve nunc in lacinias 2—4
inzquales filiformes acutissimas ad medium flabellatim fissis: filamentis
3—4 mm. longis compressis sursum angustatis: antheris ovalibus flavis
1.5 mm. longis : capsula oblonga valde compressa superne abrupte acuminata
vacua 10—12 mm. longa exserta: seminibus 2—4 ellipticis utrinque obtusis
circa 5 mm. longis subtriquetris vel ventraliter excavato-concavis dorsoque
carinato cymbiformibus brunneis sub lente minutissime tuberculatis.

Nevapa: locally abundant on gypsum-flats in the valley of
the White River near Sunnyside, northeastern Nye Go., alt.
4950—5000 ft., 20 July 1941, fl. & fr., Ripley & Barneby No.
4002. Type in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 290406. Isotypes at -
Pomona College, N. Y. Bot. Gard., Kew.

This distinctive species was first collected in the summer of
1941, and being recognized as new to science, was distributed
shortly afterwards under a manuscript combination in Frasera.
Later Mr. J. T. Howell of the California Academy kindly drew
my attention to Prof. St. John’s monographic revision of the
American species of Swertia which had appeared in the American
Midland Naturalist, vol. 26, in July of the same year, and follow-
ing the cogent arguments presented there for the final reduction
of Frasera Walt. to Swertia L., it has become necessary to refer
our unpublished species to the latter genus. The author’s debt
to Mr. Howell and Prof. St. John will be apparent.

According to my interpretation of St. John’s key to the species
of Swertia, S. gypsicola “runs down” to the last dichotomy (d. d.)
and is clearly allied to the glabrous species approaching S. nitida
(Bth.) Jeps., but may be readily distinguished by the linear,
almost filiform, channeled leaves and by the structure of the
petaline gland, in ours produced basally. within the tissue of the
petal into a longer tubular portion than is found in any species
but the isolated and amply distinct S. tubulosa (Cov.) Jeps. In

JULY, 1942] NEW WESTERN PLANTS 157

view of the great diagnostic importance attached to this organ by
all students of the genus, the dimensions may be repeated here.

Gland situated on the lower half of the petal immediately below the
middle, linear-oblong, impressed, greenish, 2.25 mm. long, 0.75 mm. broad,
tubular-saccate, the orifice nearly terminal, broadly elliptic or suborbicular,
scarcely 0.75 mm. long and about 0.5 mm. broad, fringed all round with an
erect, white, deeply laciniate membrane 1 mm. high.

The habitat of S. gypsicola is also of interest. On the alkaline
flats by the lower waters of the White River, where the deep,
somewhat sandy, alluvial soil is overlaid with a dazzling rime of
mineral salts, the species occurs in abundance over a small area,
and the heavy, depressed tufts of pale, grass-like foliage, which
erupt towards mid-summer into innumerable slender panicles of
blossom, form a striking feature of the sparse but highly interest-
ing saline flora. The plants grow singly or in clumps, sometimes
springing from the hemispherical mounds of Lepidium nanum
Wats., and, like that species, arise from an extremely robust,
rather fieshy tap-root, while the flowers, arranged in lax and
unusually narrow panicles, are small and nearly white, the petals
elegantly freckled with indigo above the greenish gland. The
reduction of leaf-surface suggests a high state of evolutionary
development within the genus and represents, perhaps, a greater
xerophytic modification of the primitive, circumpolar S. perennis
L. than any hitherto described.

NEW WESTERN PLANTS—IV
BY ALICE EASTWOOD

Lupinus Kerrii Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules robusti, ex caudicibus
robustis et radice lignosa, circa 6 dm. alti, ramosi, ramis ascendentibus,
caudice densissime vestito stipulis et petiolis marcidis; caulibus et foliis
densissime albo-tomentosis et divaricate pilosis; petiolis foliorum radi-
calium circa 1 dm. longis; foliolis 5 ad 9, late lanceolatis vel oblanceolatis,
mucronatis, circa 4 cm. longis, 1 cm. latis; stipulis 4 cm. longis, adnatis
2 cm.; foliis caulinis similibus foliis radicalibus, petiolis brevioribus et
stipulis multo minoribus; racemis axillaribus et terminalibus, circa 5—6
cm. longis, dense floriferis, bracteis deciduis, pilosissimis, superantibus
gemmas, pedunculis robustis equilongis vel longioribus petiolis; pedicellis
zquilongis calycibus ; calyce basi gibboso, tuba 2 mm. longa, labio superiore
bisecto, segmentis divaricatis, 4 mm. longis; labio inferiore zquilongo,
integro, acuminato; corolla circa 12 mm. longa, violacea; vexillo sub-
orbiculato, basi gibboso, 1 cm. lato, medio albo-maculato; alis 1 cm. longis,
5 mm. latis, ungue 2 mm. longo; carina tecta alis, glabra, curvata, non fal-

158 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 7

cata, apice purpurea; leguminibus circa 3 cm. longis, 1 cm. latis, densis-
sime albo-tomentosis et pilosis; seminibus 4 vel 5, albis, rotundis, 3 mm.
diametro.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 277380, collected May 18,
1940, on Mt. Whitney road about 4 miles west of Lone Pine,
Inyo County, California, by Mark Kerr, No. 614. It isa pleasure
to name this lovely lupine in honor of Mr. Kerr, who has sent
most interesting specimens to the Herbarium of the California
Academy of Sciences. It is related to L. magnificus M. E. Jones
and may be the same as var. glarecola M. E. Jones, but from
the inadequate description it is not possible to determine. Mr.
Kerr writes that it grows just within the pinyon belt in clay,
gravel, sand, and boulders, and that it forms a clump about
8 inches across and 2 feet high.

Lupinus Whiltonz Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules elati, cinereo-pubes-
centes villis tenuibus, brevibus, patentibus; foliolis 7 ad 9, oblanceolatis,
obtusis, mucronatis, cinereis, adpresso-sericeis, 4—4.5 cm. longis, circa
1 cm. latis, petiolis brevioribus vel longioribus foliolis, stipulis disjunctis,
lineari-acuminatis, 5 mm. longis; racemis elongatis, circa 2 dm. longis,
pedunculis multo brevioribus, tectis foliis; floribus albis, verticillatis, circa
12 mm. longis, 10 mm. latis, pedicellis patentibus, brevioribus calycibus,
bracteis caducis, brevioribus gemmis, lineari-acuminatis ; tubo calycis 2 mm.
longo, 3 mm. lato basi, labiis prope equilongis, circa 2 mm. longis, superiore
bidentato, inferiore obtuso; vexillo glabro, albo, purpureo-punctato, prope
marginem fulvo, 12 mm. longo, 6—7 mm. lato, basi sessili; alis albis,

12 mm. longis, 7 mm. latis, ungue circa 0.5 mm. longo; carina alba, fal-
cata, glabra, medio 2 mm. lata, demum exserta.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 292775, collected June 1,
1941, on the Mineral King Road, Tulare County, California,
by Mrs. Inez Whilton Winblad in whose honor it is named. She
has made a large collection of Californian plants, beautifully
preserved and scientifically named and each species framed to
decorate the walls of the rooms in Hotel Tulare, owned by her
father, Emery Whilton. His large natural history collection
has been donated to found a museum at Lebec in Kern County
on the Ridge Route to Los Angeles.

This belongs to Section Formosi and has undoubtedly the
habit of the well-known species in that section, several stems
which are generally decumbent in a spreading group. The de-
scription is drawn from the upper flowering branches only. The
standard is much narrower than that of any species of the group
known to me. The keel is not evident in young flowers, but

JULY, 1942] NEW WESTERN PLANTS 159

later is much exserted from the wings. The wings and standard
are about 5 to 10 mm. apart.

Lotus intricatus Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules graciles, glabri, torti,
intricato-ramosi supra et ex radice annua, 3 dm. alti, 2 dm. diametro;
foliolis 5 ad 7, oblanceolatis, obtusis, 1—8 mm. longis, 2—3 mm. latis,
strigosis, rhachide plano, stipulis brunneis, minimis, squamosis; floribus
solis, paucis, axillaribus, pedunculis gracilibus, brevioribus vel longioribus
foliis, bracteis squamosis; floribus 5 mm. longis; calycibus 3 mm. longis,
segmentis, 1.5 mm. longis, linearibus; vexillo flavo, deinde rubro, 5 mm.
longo, obovato, contracto ad ungue; alis 3.5 mm. longis, apice conniventi-
bus, ungue 1 mm. longo; carina 2 mm. diametro, ungue 1 mm. longo; legu-
mine protuberante ex flore post anthesin, strigoso, falcato, circa 8 mm.
longo; stipe brevi et crasso.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 292764, collected May 8,
1941, in the Valley of Fire, Clark County, Nevada, by Eastwood
and Howell, No. 9015.

This odd-looking lotus has the habit of some tumble weeds,
the zigzag stems and branches converging above and forming a
roundish plant. The flowers are small and few, solitary on
slender axillary peduncles. They apparently are fertilized in
the bud as the young pods begin to emerge from the flower
while it is still in bloom and the many empty calyces which
terminate the peduncles seem to indicate unfertilized flowers
soon evanescent. It is a reedy-looking plant and belongs near
Hosackia nudiflora Nutt.

Cycladenia Jonesii Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules 10—15 cm. alti ex
rhizomate ligneo, parte subterranea squamosa; foliis orbicularibus, lato-
ovatis vel ellipticis, petiolis brevibus latis amplexicaulibus, laminis 5—6 cm.
latis, pallido-viridibus, pedato-nervatis, apice obtusis; floribus 2- vel 3-
verticillatis, pedicellis gracilibus, lanatis, 1—2 cm. longis; bracteis lanatis ;
calycis segmentis inzqualibus, lanceolatis, obtusis, 5—10 cm. longis, lanatis ;
corolla rosea, infundibulari, lanata interiore et exteriore, 2 cm. longa, lamina
15 mm. lata, segmentis oblongis, obtusis, 5 mm. longis; antheris basi
sagittatis, apice acuminatis, 3 mm. longis, filamentis villosis, adnatis 3 mm.
supra basin tubi; folliculis glabris, 6 cm. longis.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 154331, collected at San
Rafael Swell, Utah, May 19, 1914, by Marcus E. Jones in whose
honor it is named.

The species of Cycladenta are few and the loveliest represen-
tatives of the Dogbane Family in California. The rosy flowers
somewhat resemble small morning-glories and have a charm that
thrills the beholder. Cycladenia Jonesii differs from C. humilis
Benth. in the woolly covering of the flowers; from C. venusta

160 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. III, NO. 7

Eastwood in the shape and size of the corolla, the limb being less
broad across and the tube and throat longer. The divisions of the
corolla of C. venusta are twice as long. Generally the midrib is
less prominent in C. Jonesti than in the other species. A specimen
collected by Mark Kerr in loose sand on a steep slope one half
mile south of Seep Hole, Inyo Mts., Inyo County, California,
No. 3267, seems to be the same.

The differences in the four species represented in the Her-
barium of the California Academy of Sciences are shown in

this key:

i: Teeaves smooth ive sos ee eh Se 2
DIGCAVES HOMIENTOSE eyes ks eA hel ee he C. tomentosa Gray
EMPL EN TaN ig Shey (5 016 (0) « WARE Me Unes Ce Ana nN EPR. SNC EL C. humilis Gray
Ze MOWERS MAU a seco rsr cots pee eas ened Od Sh a ee 3
Oe Divisionsiolcorollavlnern] Ong eee een C. venusta Eastwood
3. Divisions of corolla about half as long... C. Jonesti Eastwood

CONCERNING DAVID DOUGLAS
BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

For a number of years, Mr. A. G. Harvey of Vancouver,
British Columbia, has devoted much time to research on the
travels of David Douglas in western North America between
1825 and 1833. He has recently published an important historical
paper on “David Douglas in British Columbia” in the British
Columbia Historical Quarterly (Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 221—243,
October, 1940) in which is given a detailed account of Douglas’
arduous and unfortunate journey to Fort St. James in New
Caledonia, as the central and northern interior part of British
Columbia was then known. The paper is accompanied by an
extensive and valuable bibliography which conveniently brings
together numerous scattered references to Douglas in the far
north. Also of special interest to western American botanists are
Harvey’s remarks on Meredith Gairdner and William Fraser
Tolmie, doctors who arrived at Fort Vancouver in the employ
of Hudson’s Bay Company in 1833 while Douglas was on his
northern journey. Near the end of this able study, Harvey
epitomizes the heroic life of David Douglas as follows:

Douglas was a votary of science. From the long, hard days of his youth

as a garden boy, his whole life was devoted to scientific pursuits. Strong,
enthusiastic, self-reliant, and resourceful, he faced dangers, overcame diffi-

JULY, 1942] CONCERNING DAVID DOUGLAS 161

_ culties, endured hardships, and made sacrifices such as have been the ex-
perience of few men. Over and over again he had driven his body beyond
the safe limit of human endurance. He became racked with rheumatism,
his eyesight was seriously impaired, and his mind confused. So he met
his end. His work was done. His devotion to science was so great that he
prematurely wore himself out in its service. (Pp. 239, 240.)
7 7 7

In April, 1938, while I was in the midst of my account of
the Russian set of Douglas’ western American plants (A Collec-
tion of Douglas’ Western American Plants, I—VII, Leafl. West.
Bot., Vol. 2, No. 4—10, 1937—-1939), Mr. Harvey sent me a
letter giving a series of localities visited by Douglas in California
with the dates of the visits. Although these Californian data will
be given in the biography of Douglas on which Mr. Harvey is
working, he has permitted us to publish them now because of
their great scientific importance to California botanists and
zoologists. Mr. Harvey wrote as follows:

From a manuscript at the Royal Society, London, I find that Douglas
took the longitudes and latitudes of the California missions on the following
dates :

1831
Monterey, January 29 Purissima, May 5
Santa Clara, February 20 Santa Ynez, May 6
Monterey, March 2 Monterey, July 15
Monterey, March 27 San Rafael, July 27
Monterey, April 21 San Francisco Solano, July 29
Soledad, April 25 San Jose, August 5
San Antonio, April 27 San Jose, August 9
San Miguel, May 1 Monterey, August 25

San Luis Obispo, May 3

From other sources I have obtained other dates of his visits as follows:
San Juan Bautista, February 14, 1831 Monterey, late June, 1831
Santa Cruz, February, 1831 Monterey, November 23, 1831
Santa Barbara, middle May, 1831 Monterey, August, 1832

San Francisco (Yerba Buena), November 11, 1833
A letter from Douglas to Dr. W. J. Hooker (ms. Kew Gardens) men-
tions ... the Hill of Bonavista sixteen miles from Monterey in June, 1831.
Ts 5
Yet another recent account of David Douglas should be noted,
the biographical memoir by F. R. S. Balfour in the Journal of
the Royal Horticultural Society (Vol. 67, part 4, pp. 121—128,
and part 5, pp. 153—162,—1942). This is enlivened by various
anecdotes that have not been seen elsewhere that are taken
chiefly from Douglas’ correspondence. Further information on

162 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. III, NO. 7

Douglas’ Californian journeys is given, probably also from his
correspondence, although Balfour does not indicate the source.
Concerning Douglas’ trips in California, Balfour writes:

For nearly two years he explored the coast as far south as Santa Bar-
bara, the Santa Lucia Mountains as well as the Sacramento Valley. He
does not speak of crossing that great plain and exploring any of the lateral
valleys which descend from the Sierra Nevada. . . . He went north to
within 65 miles of the southernmost point reached in his journey of the
autumn of 1826. It would seem that he never saw Mount Shasta or crossed
the Siskiyou Range.” (P. 156.)

The figure of 65 miles given by Balfour is surely a mistake.
In the autumn of 1826, Douglas went south to the valley of the
Umpqua River to discover Pinus Lambertiana and the southern-
most point reached, where the pine was found, was about 80 miles
north of the present California-Oregon line in Looking Glass
Valley near Roseburg (op. cit., p. 128). In the northern Coast
Ranges of California, Douglas is not known to have approached
within 200 miles of the California-Oregon line.

Californians will also find of interest the following details
recorded by Balfour: .

Douglas sailed [from the Columbia] on October 18 [1833] for the
Sandwich Islands by way of California, reaching Drake’s Bay in 16 days
after a boisterous passage down the coast. There the ship remained for
three weeks, but Douglas did not do much botanizing. He did, however,
climb Mount Tamalpais... .” (P. 158.)

It was during these last days in California when Douglas wrote
the letter to Hartnell from his “tent on the Hill of Yerba Buena”
(Madrofio 2 :98,—1933).

THE IDENTITY OF PHACELIA HUMIETS
VAR CALYCOSA

BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

With only a phrase or two of description and without an
indication of collector or locality, Gray appended to the descrip-
tion of Phacelia humilis T. & G. in his ““Conspectus of the North
American Hydrophyllaceae” the new entity, var. calycosa (Proc.
Amer. Acad. 10:318,—1875). The year following, however, in
the Botany of California (1:507), the missing data were supplied
together with an illuminating remark on the foliage: “The var.
calycosa, from near Mono Lake, Bolander. Only in Bolander’s
specimens have any divided leaves been seen.” This information

JULY, 1942] TILLAZA MUSCOSA 163

was just enough to raise doubts as to the specificity of the plant
and the correctness of the data. No specimen of P. humilis had
been seen except with entire leaves, although some of its relatives
from the west slope of the Sierra Nevada frequently exhibited
lobed or divided leaves. Further weight was given to these doubts
when it was learned that the party of the California Geological
Survey which Bolander accompanied did not reach Mono Lake
until September, 1866 (Erythea 6:102), at least a month after
an annual Phacelia of the P. humilis group would be expected on
the arid sagebrush flats and slopes of the Basin. Moreover, an-
other specimen of this same set of plants, the type of Arabis
Bolanderi Wats., had carried uncertain data (Proc. Amer. Acad.
22 :467) and had been critically discussed by Prof. Jepson in
order to ascertain its identity (Madrofio 1 :254).

Through the kindness and codperation of Dr. L. B. Smith of
the Gray Herbarium, I have been able to examine the type of
P. humilis var. calycosa. The label on the sheet carries the data
H.N. Bolander No. 6384, collected in 1866, and, in Gray’s hand,
“Towards Mono.” The type consists of two slender plants that
are entirely typical of P. Purpusii T. S. Brandg., a species of
the subgenus Eutoca not even closely related to P. humilis of
Euphacelia. Gray, however, is not the only one who has confused
these plants with P. hwmilis: although Brand recognized P. Pur-
pusti from the middle and southern Sierra Nevada (Pflanzenr.
IV. 251:120), he unaccountably referred to P. humilis var.
calycosa (op. cit., 103) specimens of P. Purpust chiefly from
the middle Sierra Nevada northward!

It only remains to note that Bolander No. 6384 was not
collected either “towards Mono” or “near Mono Lake.” Miss
Marjorie W. Stone, Bibliographer at the Gray Herbarium, writes
that, according to Bolander’s notes, No. 6384 was collected in
“Yos.[emite] Valley.”

New From Europe. Small moss-like plants collected from
a clay flat at Ione, Amador County, California, April 23, 1941,
have proven to be Till~a muscosa L. (Eastwood & Howell
No. 8682). This species differs from the indigenous T. erecta
H. & A., with which it might be confused, by its 3-parted flowers
and 2-seeded carpels. No North American record for this
European plant has been noted—John Thomas Howell.

164 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. 7

SCIRPUS CRINIGER TRANSFERRED TO
ERIOPHORUM

BY ALAN A, BEETLE
Agronomy Division, University of California, Berkeley

Scirpus criniger was described by Gray in 1867. At that time
Gray himself pointed out that this species had “nearly the habit
and inflorescence of Eriophorum virginicum,” but concluded that
“the number and serrulation of these bristles refer the species
to Trichophorum.” Trichophorum is a genus of Persoon which
originally included Scirpus lineatus, cyperinus, pumilus (as
alpinum), hudsonianus, and cespitosus. Palla in 1889 reéstab-
lished Trichophorum to include Scirpus pumilus (as alpinum)
and c@spitosus on the basis of stem structure. These two species
fall into the section Beothryon Ehrh. of Scirpus (Beetle, 1941).
Scirpus criniger has then remained until now as an unchallenged
member of Scirpus.

In the process of monographing Scirpus, an attempt was
made to put all the species into natural sections. Soon it became
evident that Scirpus criniger, having been excluded from the
Section Beothryon, for it has not a single terminal spikelet, must
stand by itself, that it did not in fact have any natural resting
place in Scirpus.

A detailed study of seed variation in Scirpus brought the
first clue as to the proper alignment of Scirpus criniger. The
elongate bristles of this species superficially suggested that it
.must fall either near the wool-grasses in the subgenus Euscirpus
of Scirpus or into Eriophorum.

A remarkable uniformity is exhibited by the achenes of the
sections of Euscirpus, Scirpus sylvaticus, atrovirens, lineatus,
cyperinus, Eriophorum, and all their close allies having achenes
1 mm. long, 0.5 to 0.75 mm. broad, smooth, apiculate, light to
pale brown or whitish. Surely then, Scirpus criniger, with its
achene 2 to 2.5 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, and dark brown, should
not be placed with these.

Eriophorum, on the other hand, has achenes 2 to 3 mm. long,
dark brown, smooth, often apiculate, trigonous. In every point
the achenes agree. It then seemed obvious that Scirpus criniger
with its elongate bristles must fall into Eriophorum.

This is not the first case in which the affinities of a species
have been confused between Scirpus and Eriophorum. Fernald

JULY, 1942] SCIRPUS CRINIGER 165

(1905) in transferring Eriophorum alpinum L. to Scirpus (now
treated as Scirpus hudsonianus [Michx.] Fernald) discussed the
naturalness of the genus Eriophorum. He pointed out that “the
membranous scales of the spikelets with spreading or loosely
ascending tips, and the perianth of many slender ligulate bristles”
characterize the genus.

Other points were then checked to see if they bore out the
conclusion drawn from the achenes. The following characters
possessed by Scirpus criniger indicate that it falls naturally into
Eriophorum: (1) style 3-fid, (2) stigmas woolly, (3) stem and
leaves prominently striate, (4) perennial habit, (5) alpine bog
habitat, (6) spikelets few, (7) scales membranous, (8) bristles
elongate, (9) dry persistent leaf-sheaths at base of culm. In
consideration of these points, it is felt that, even though Scirpus
criniger were put in a section by itself in Scirpus, it would fall
closer to Eriophorum than to any other section of Scirpus.

The question remains, then, why was the species put in Scirpus?
According to Gray, it was because of the serrulation and number
of the bristles. The bristles are counted as six in the original
description and undoubtedly the number (always variable) is
correct in some plants. Morphologically, too, the number is prob-
ably correct since the larger number characteristic of Ertophorum
is derived from the splitting of an original six. However, the
number of bristles in Scirpus criniger seems more frequently to
be 9 to 12 (see illustration in Jepson, Man. Fl. Pl. Calif., 156).
It is true that the bristles are not as elongate and often not as
silky as those of Eriophorum, and they are very strongly an-
trorsely scabrous. However, in the most mature specimens (e. g.,
Peirson in 1933 from Inyo County, California, Herb. Univ.
Calif.), the bristles lose to a large extent both their rigidity
and their serrulation and closely approach in character those of
Eriophorum.

Since nothing more fundamental than the bristles has kept
Scirpus criniger out of Eriophorum, and, since achene charac-
ters are held to be more fundamental, the transfer is here made:

Eriophorum criniger (Gray) Beetle, comb. nov.

Scirpus criniger Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad, Arts & Sci. 7: 392
(1867).

Specimens examined. Orecon: Josephine Co., Henderson
No. 5928, Yates No. 5779; Curry Co., Thompson No. 12849.

166 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. III, NO. 7

CALIFORNIA: Del Norte Co., VanDeventer No. 282, Eastwood
&¥ Howell No. 3711; Humboldt Co., Tracy No. 7637; Siskiyou
Co., J. T. Howell No. 13411, Butler No. 1703; Shasta Co.,
W.R. Dudley; Mendocino Co., McMurphy No. 595; Red Mt.,
H. WN. Bolander (type collection in Gray Herbarium, part of type
collection in University of California Herbarium and in Dudley
Herbarium) ; Sierra Co., Kennedy in 1929; Placer Co., Car-
penter in 1892 ; Eldorado Co., Babcock No. 5699 ; Tuolumne Co.,
Schoof No. 50, Beetle No. 2912; Mariposa Co., Schreiber No.
1816; J. T. Howell No. 14571; Madera Co., J. T. Howell No.
16691; Fresno Co., Clemens in 1910; Tulare Co., J. T. Howell
No. 15887, No. 16013a; Inyo Co., Peirson No. 9147. Specimens
cited may be found in the University of California Herbarium,
Berkeley, the California Academy of Sciences Herbarium, the
Dudley Herbarium, Stanford University, and the author’s
personal collection.
LITERATURE CITED

Beetle, A. A. 1941. Studies in the genus Scirpus L.—II. The section
Beothryon Ehrh. Amer. Journ. Bot. 28: 469—476.

Fernald, M. L. 1905. North American species of Eriophorum. Rhodora
7: 131—132.

Gray, A. 1867. Characters of new plants of California and elsewhere,
principally those collected by H. N. Bolander in the state geological
survey. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 7: 392.

Jepson, W. L. 1923. Manual of the Flowering Plants of California, 156.

Palla, E. 1889. Zur Kenntnis der Gattung Scirpus. Jn Engler, Bot.
Jahrb. 10: 293—301.

A NEW CALIFORNIAN POLYGONUM

BY J. F. BRENCKLE
Mellette, South Dakota

Polygonum montereyense Brenckle, sp. nov. Planta annua, pallida
viridis ; caulis brevis, basi divaricate ramosus, 4—10 cm. longus; internodi
foliis breviores; nodi crassuli; ocrez conspicuz, basi brunnescentes,
bipartite lobis attenuatis, denique laceratzee, 5—7 mm. longe; folia lineari-
lanceolata, utrinque acuta, sessilia, venis ad tergum prominentibus, 0.5—1.5
cm. longa; inflorescentia congesta ramis terminalis; perianthia petaloidea,
exteriore pallide viridia, 2 mm. longa, ex medio 5-partita segmentis
rotundatis albo-marginatis; achenia angusta, levia, nigrescentia, 1.5—1.7
mm. longa.*

*T am grateful to L. H. Shirmer for preparing the Latin diagnosis.

JULY, 1942] NEW ERIGERON FROM IDAHO 167

Annual, pale green, stem short, sturdy, profusely branched at the base,
spreading, 4—10 cm. long, irregularly bent at the nodes; internodes shorter
than the leaves, 10 mm. long or less; nodes somewhat swollen and covered
by the dark brown bases of the ocree; ocree almost transparent above,
2-parted into attenuate lobes or lacerated, 5—7 mm. long, prominent ;
leaves articulated to the bases of the ocre, linear-lanceolate, pointed at
each end, sessile, 0.5—1.5 cm. long; inflorescence crowded toward the ends
of branches and branchlets, forming short, bracted, capitate spikelets
somewhat interrupted below ; perianths one to several in the axil of a bract,
pale green at the back, petaloid when open, 2 mm. long, 5-parted to the
middle, segments rounded, white-margined, limb spreading ; stamens 5 or 6,
yellow ; achenes slender, flattened, rounded at the base, 3-edged at the top,
slightly bent at the tip, smooth and shining or minutely punctate, becoming
black, 1.5—1.7 mm. long. Exserted achenes are also present.

“On hard dry clay,” Monterey, California, S. B. Parish No.
11577, August, 1917. Distributed as P. Parryi Greene. Type
sheet in the Gray Herbarium, Harvard University.

This species is a member of a closely interrelated group of
which P. prolificum (Small) Robins. was first described.

A NEW ERIGERON FROM IDAHO

BY ARTHUR CRONOQUIST
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis

Erigeron Engelmanni A. Nels. subsp. Davisii Cronquist, subsp. nov.
Planta 10—25 cm. alta quasi erecta, disco 10—18 mm. lato (siccato),
involucro 6—8 mm. alto, ligulis 8—14 mm. longis; cetera similis subsp.
typico.*

Plant 10—25 cm. tall, erect or nearly so, cespitose from a perennial root ;
stem green, hirsute with appressed or spreading hairs; leaves hirsute on
both surfaces with curved ascending but scarcely spreading pubescence,
and with spreading septate hairs 1.5—2 mm. long on the margins near their
bases; basal leaves numerous, persistent, narrowly linear-oblanceolate,
acute or obtuse, l-nerved, 3—8 cm. long, 1—4 mm. wide, tapering gradually
to the slender petioles or petioliform bases, cauline leaves few and smaller,
often linear; heads solitary on terminal nearly naked peduncles mostly
about 10 cm. long, these usually with 1 to 3 reduced linear leaves 1—3 cm.
long; disk 10—18 mm. wide (when pressed) ; involucre 6—8 mm. high,
phyllaries in about 2 nearly equal series, the inner wider and with more or
less prominent scarious margins, all obscurely viscid and moderately villous
with flattened septate hairs resembling those of the petioles; ligules white,
sometimes turning rose-purple, about 40 to 50, 10—14 mm. long; pappus
double, the outer of inconspicuous bristles less than 1 mm. long; akenes
2-nerved, villous, the hairs usually denser and spreading on the nerves.

* Erigeron Engelmanni A. Nels. subsp. typicus Cronquist, nom. nov.
E. Engelmanni A. Nels., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 26:247 (1899).

168 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _[VOL. III, NO. 7

Type: Davis No. 3254, moist woods, Whitebird Summit,
range 2 east, township 29 north, Idaho County, Idaho, June 14,
1941 ; University of Minnesota Herbarium No. 368670. Cotypes:
Davis No. 2271, dry ridge, Graves Point Lookout, Idaho County,
Idaho, June 24, 1940 (Herb. Univ. Idaho S. Branch) ; Davis
No. 2253, open hillside, Graves Point Lookout, Idaho County,
Idaho, June 24, 1940 (Herb. Univ. Idaho S. Branch).

Erigeron Engelmanni subsp. Davisii is essentially a large
edition of subsp. typicus, which latter is known to me from
southern Wyoming, extreme southeastern Idaho, northern Utah,
and western Colorado. Records of E. Engelmanni from Montana
may be based on another species. So far as is indicated by her-
barium specimens, the real homeland of subsp. typicus is southern
Wyoming, where it grows on sandy or gravelly soils among sage-
brush and in open places. Subsp. Davisii is recorded by Dr. Davis
from open places and moist woods of western Idaho, over 300
miles northwest of the nearest known station for subsp. typicus.
Prominent morphological characters of the two subspecies may
be contrasted as follows:

subsp. Davisti subsp. typicus

Ligules 8—14 mm. long 5—8 mm. long

Involucre 6—8 mm. high 4—6 mm. high

Disk 10—18 mm. wide (when 7—10 mm. wide (when
pressed) pressed)

Stem 10—25 cm. long, rather 3—12 cm. long, rarely longer,
stout, erect. often spreading or

decumbent.

Typical E. Engelmanni is frequently branched, when well-
developed, while all the specimens I have seen of subsp. Davisu
are monocephalous. The subnaked peduncles of subsp. Davisu
are usually longer in proportion to the rest of the plant than are
those of subsp. typicus.

I wish to thank Dr. William R. Maxon, of the United States
National Herbarium, for the loan of the National Herbarium
material of E. Engelmanni.

Now IN Catirornia. In 1938, Gifola germanica (L.) Du-
mort. was found between Hopland and Cloverdale, Mendocino
County, by J. P. Tracy (No. 15848). On the Pacific coast, it
has been reported from Roseburg, Oregon (Leafl. West. Bot.
2:192).—J. T. Howell.

Vot. III No. 8

LEAFLETS

of
WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS
PAGE

New Species and Varietiesof Lupinus . . . . . 169
Aice EAstwoop

A New Species of Mirabilis, With Remarks on Hermidium
NA LPRD, CRENIOTS 5.90 ers ig fs eh eI occ hth. ite ec
R. C. BARNEBY
A Short List of Plants From Cedros Island,
MOMLALIRONYNG Wy fos te) ee , ety perk tether ee
JoHN THomas Howe.

Amaranthus Powelliiin California . . . . . . 185
Louis CuTTER WHEELER

Western Plants From Hereand There . . . . . 187
Joun Tuomas Howe.

Solanum lanceolatum in California . . . . . . 189
A.icre Eastwoop

Studies in Phacelia—III Hh sha, tate ve lo Wt par sah ne rece aba en
JoHN THomas HowELui

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
NoveMBER 19, 1942

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the
native flora of western North America, appearing about four
times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single
numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco,
California.

Cited as

LEAFL. WEsT. Bot.

POTEET PAUT PUTA TCU OEY] CCPL ERTT CO eta

UUECOTFLRT ROTC LOU LL LLL QL

Owned and published by

Auice Eastwoop and JoHN THomaAs HowELu

NOVEMBER, 1942] NEW SPECIES OF LUPINUS 169

NEW SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF LUPINUS
BY ALICE EASTWOOD

Lupinus czsius Eastwood, spec. nov. Perennis basi ramosus, circa
4 dm. altus; caulibus erectis, infra sine foliis supra foliosis et ramis
brevibus in axillis; foliolis 6—8, anguste oblanceolatis, mucronatis, 2—3
cm. longis, 3—5 mm. latis, viridibus, minutissime atro-punctatis et leviter
pubescentibus, densioribus infra; petiolis gracilibus, zquilongis foliolis
vel brevioribus ; stipulis adnatis circa 2 mm., tenuissimis 3—4 mm. longis ;
floribus circa 7 mm. longis, czsiis, 2 mm. inter vexillum et alas, laxifloris
in racemis 5—7 cm. longis; pedunculis 3—5 cm. longis, tectis foliis; pedi-
cellis 3—4 mm. longis, gracilibus; bracteis brevioribus pedicellis, nonnum-
quam persistentibus; calyce basi gibboso, labio superiore 3 mm. longo,
divaricate bilobato 1.5 mm., labio inferiore ovato, circa 4 mm. longo, apice
bidentato ; vexillo reflexo, breviore alis, orbiculato, circa 4 mm. lato, medio
dorsi villoso; alis 7 mm. longis, 4 mm. latis; carina prope tecta alis, medio
ciliata, apice obtusa, purpurea.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 217630, collected June 21,
1931, at Diamond Lake, Douglas County, Oregon, J. T. Howell
No. 6862.

This dainty little lupine is related to L. silvicola Heller, differ-
ing chiefly in smaller flowers and leaves, calyx merely gibbous,
and banner pubescent on the fold at the back. The corolla is
lavender, the banner darker and shorter than the wings. It

belongs in the Lupinus laxiflorus group.

Lupinus klamathensis Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules simplices, ramosi
ex radice lignea, circa 4 dm. alti, basi sine foliis, squamosi stipulis, divari-
cate villosi, villis longis tenuissimis, stipulis infimis adnatis circa 1 cm.,
parte libera filiformi villosa; foliolis 6—9, incanis, falcatis, conduplicatis,
4 cm. longis, 2—4 mm. latis; anguste oblanceolatis, acutis laxo-adpresse
villosis, petiolis circa equilongis foliolis; floribus purpureis circa 10—12
cm. longis, laxe verticillatis in racemis 6—12 cm. longis, superantibus folia,
breviter pedunculatis; bracteis caducis; pedicellis filiformibus, 3—5 mm.
longis villosis ; calyce basi gibboso, villoso ; labio superiore late ovato, 5 mm.
lato, labio inferiore anguste ovato; vexillo suborbiculato, circa 1 cm. dia-
metro, margine purpureo, medio aurantiaco, dorso basi pubescenti; alis
purpureis, 12 mm. longis, 4 mm. latis, stipite circa 2 mm. longo; carina
falcata, glabra, 12 mm. longa, medio 4 mm. lata, stipite 2 mm. longo.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 216317, collected April 20,
1934, at the junction of the Klamath and Shasta rivers, Siskiyou
Co., California, Eastwood & Howell No. 1775. This beautiful
lupine was a mass of bloom from the many stems arising from
a woody base. It belongs to the L. formosus group, differing in
the fine villous spreading pubescence, the many falcate leaflets,

and smaller flowers.

Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. III, pp. 169-192, November 19, 1942.

170 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 8

Lupinus Kuschei Eastwood, spec. nov. Czspitosus ex rhizomate
ligneo, basi et supra foliosus, circa 2 dm. altus, omnino dense vestitus pilis
sericeis, argenteis, adpressis et divaricatis; petiolis foliorum inferiorum
longis, gracilibus, longissimis, 1 dm. longis, petiolis foliorum caulincrum
brevioribus vel zqualibus foliolis; stipulis 1 cm. longis, filiformibus, longe
pilosis, 1% conjunctis; foliolis 6 ad 9, conduplicatis, lineari-lanceolatis,
acuminatis, 2—3.5 cm. longis, circa 4 mm. latis, erectis; pedunculis folia
vix superantibus, racemis 4—6 cm. longis, 3 cm. latis, dense floriferis et
pilosissimis ; bracteis persistentibus, zequalibus calycibus, pedicellis filiformi-
bus, circa 3 mm. longis ; floribus violaceis, circa 1 cm. longis ; calyce bracteo-
lato, 7 mm. longo, labio inferiore 4 mm. longo, tridentato, labio superiore
bilobato, 3 mm. longo, vexillo glabro, orbiculato, reflexo, equali alis, fulvo-
maculato medio; carina prope tecta alis, parte inferiore alba, superiore
purpurea, exserta, inter medium et apicem parce et minute ciliata; legu-
mine circa 2 cm. longo, 5 mm. lato, 5-ovulato; seminibus paucibus,
stramineis.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 62472, collected by the
author along the shore of Lake Bennett, Carcross, Yukon,
July 10, 1914. Specimens of flowering stems were collected by
J. August Kusche at Whitehorse, Yukon, May, 1916.

Judging by Rydberg’s description this seems nearest to
L. candicans, Torr. Bull. 28:35. It grew in patches, with several
tufted stems from a rather slender woody root-stock. The whole
plant is white and shining with a dense silvery-silky pubescence
that is appressed on both sides of the leaves, appressed and
spreading on stems, pedicels and peduncles and almost shaggy
on bracts, pedicels and calyx. The hairs are so long on the calyx
that they surpass the lobes and obscure the apices; the plants are
about 2 dm. high, very leafy at base and above; the basal leaves
on long slender petioles; the cauline on petioles a little longer
than or equal to the leaflets; the racemes of pale violet flowers
are 4 to 6 cm. long, 3 cm. wide, densely flowered and shaggy
with long hairs on all parts except the corolla; the peduncles are
surpassed by the leaves; leaflets generally 9, linear-lanceolate,
folded, acuminate, 2 to 3.5 cm. long, 3 cm. broad; the calyx is
not saccate at base, the lower lip a little longer than the upper,
with a small bracteole in the sinus; the dark purple apex of the
keel is conspicuous contrasted with the paler wings and banner.

It is named in honor of the late J. August Kusche to whose
zeal and generosity we are indebted for many specimens from
the Arctic regions, Arizona, the Hawaiian Islands and other
places where his entomological collections were made.

NOVEMBER, 1942] NEW SPECIES OF LUPINUS 171

Lupinus ochroleucus Eastwood, spec. nov. Perennis, decumbens, ex
basi ramosus, 2—3 dm. altus, circa 6 dm. latus, foliosus et in axillis ramis
abortivis, ubique argenteo-sericeus villis adpressis et patentibus; foliolis
5—8, oblanceolatis, apice mucronatis, 3—4 cm. longis, 6—8 mm. latis;
petiolis plerumque longioribus foliolis, longissimis 6 cm. longis, gracilibus ;
stipulis filiformibus, 3—4 mm. longis, breviter adnatis; racemis caules
terminantibus, 5—15 cm. longis, breviter pedunculatis, plerumque laxi-
floris ; bracteis caducis, attenuatis, brevioribus alabastris infimis; pedicellis
1—4 mm. longis ; floribus ochroleucis, circa 13 mm. longis, 8 mm. latis, 5 mm.
inter alas et vexillum; calyce basi subsaccato, tubo 2 mm. longo, bracteo-
lato, labio superiore 6 mm. longo, 2 mm. lato, sublineari, apice bicrenato,
labio inferiore zquilongo, lineari-lanceolato; vexillo 12 mm. longo, 5 mm.
lato, oblongo, apice breviter acuminato, basi carinato, marginibus conni-
ventibus dorso, glabro; alis 13 mm. longis, 3 mm. latis; carina falcata,
2.5 mm. lata, margine glabra, paululum tecta alis.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 299534, collected June 1,
1941, about midway between Briceburg and Mariposa, Mariposa
Co., California, by John Thomas Howell, No. 16244. This is
related to Lupinus formosus Greene, differing in the much
narrower parts and color of the flowers. The silvery-white silky
pubescence is much denser and the entire plant more canescent.
It differs from L. albopilosus Heller (L. formosus var. robustus
C. P. Sm.) in the color of the flowers, narrower parts, and less
shaggy pubescence. It is a member of that most variable group
blooming in the summer and generally forming spreading clumps
of flowering decumbent stems. In this group the keel of the
corolla is always falcate and glabrous along the margin and is
rarely covered by the wings,

Lupinus oreocharis Eastwood, spec. nov. Czspitosis ex radice lignea,
nanus, 1—2 dm. latus, cinereus, densissime pilosus, pilis longis divaricatis
et appressis; caulibus gracilibus, ramis initium fascientibus ad medium,
raro nudis; petiolis longis gracilibus; stipulis adnatis 34, libera parte fili-
formi, 2 mm. longa; foliolis 3—5, oblanceolatis, circa 1 cm. longis, 2 mm.
latis, equaliter pilosis; racemis verticillatis, brevibus, nonnumquam capi-
tatis, superantibus folia; bracteis anguste lanceolatis, longioribus pedicellis,
brevioribus calycibus ; floribus 7 mm. longis, 3 mm. inter alas et vexillum ;
vexillo orbiculato, glabro, 4 mm. diametro, basi 2 mm. lato, reflexo, violaceo,
prope apice luteo; alis 6 mm. longis, 4 mm. latis, basi auriculatis, breviter
stipitatis ; carina tecta alis, apice purpurea, in senectute exserta, medio lata
et pallida; fructu ignoto.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 299170, collected in Little
Five Lakes Basin, Tulare Co., California, July 29, 1942, by John
Thomas Howell, No. 17392.

172 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. 8

This little mountain beauty suggests the L. Lyallii group, but
has a different pubescence, more slender stems and petioles,
smaller leaflets and flowers. Incipient branches are on the slender
stems, generally near the middle. The yellow spot near the top
of the violet-blue vexillum is conspicuous on the young flowers
and turns orange at first and later dark reddish-purple. These
plants form mats 1 to 2 dm. broad. The branching caudex comes
from a woody tap-root.

Lupinus pasadenensis Eastwood, spec. nov. Perennis, erectus, ramo-
sus, omnino tomentoso-villosus, supra foliosus et in axillis ramis brevibus ;
foliolis circa 8, oblongo-oblanceolatis, 2—3 cm. longis, 5—8 mm. latis,
obtusis et mucronatis, pallidis, petiolis longioribus foliolis, stipulis separatis,
lanceolatis, villosis 2—3 mm. longis; floribus purpurascentibus, circa 1 cm.
longis, verticillatis in racemis circa 15 cm. longis; pedunculis gracilibus
folia superantibus ; bracteis caducis, brevioribus alabastris ; calyce basi gib-
boso, 3 mm. lato, labio superiore oblongo, breviter bidentato, 3 mm. lato,
4 mm. longo, labio inferiore oblongo, acuto, 4 mm. longo, 3 mm. lato;
vexillo glabro orbiculato 1 cm. longo, 9 mm. lato, apice truncato et mucro-
nato, basi lato-stipitato; alis circa 8 mm. longis, 5 mm. latis; carina fere
tecta alis, glabra, falcata, prope basin 3 mm. lata.

Type: Herb, Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 299496, collected April 20,
1936, at the end of New York Avenue towards Pasadena Glen,
Pasadena, Los Angeles Co., California, by Lester Rowntree. It
grew in decomposed granite.

Lupinus pasadenensis is a member of the variable L. formosus
group. The dull woolly pubescence differentiates it from other
related species and the flowers are smaller than those of L. for-
mosus Greene. The specimen on which L. pasadenensis is
founded seems to have been a tall branching leafy-stemmed plant.
The lower part is wanting, the part present is more than 4 dm.
high.

Lupinus piperitus Davidson var. sparsipilosus Eastwood, var. nov.
Differt : sparsipilosis stipulis et inferiore superficie foliorum; floribus non-
nihil minoribus.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 299172, collected Aug. 5,
1942, between Big Arroyo and Chagoopa Plateau, Tulare Co.,
California, J. T. Howell No. 17698.

This is similar to the type in habit and large leaves, differing
in the somewhat smaller flowers and scattered appressed hairs
on stipules and lower leaf-surfaces, the hairs somewhat denser
on the calyx.

NOVEMBER, 1942] NEW SPECIES OF LUPINUS 173

Lupinus pulcher Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules plures ex radice lignea,
erecti, circa 3 dm. alti, basi brunneo-squamosi, foliosi supra, ramis abortivis
in axillis, omnino argentco-sericeus villis adpressis ; foliolis 5—9, breviori-
bus petiolis, oblanceolatis, mucronatis, 2 cm. longis, 4 mm. latis, petiolis
infimis 5 cm. longis, supremis 1.5 cm. longis, stipulis infimis adnatis, supremis
discretis, anguste linearibus, 3—4 mm. longis; racemis sessilibus, 15 cm.
longis, multifloris et laxifloris; pedicellis patentibus, circa 2 mm. longis;
bracteis caducis; floribus cyaneis, circa 8 mm. longis; labiis calycis sub-
zqualibus, circa 4 mm. longis, 3 mm. latis, superiore bidentato, dentibus
approximatis, inferiore tridentato, tubo basi saccato, circa 1 mm. lato;
vexillo orbiculato, 8 mm. lato et longo, superante alas, dorso supra glabro,
infra pubescenti; alis 7 mm. longis, 4 mm. latis, stipite 1 mm. longo; carina
curvata, superiore parte lanato-ciliata, apice purpurea, medio 2 mm. lata,
stipite 1 mm. longo.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 299533, collected May 18,
1939, in sandy soil 18 miles south of Cedar City, Iron Co., Utah,
alt. 6500 ft., by Fred A. Barkley and Merton J. Reed, No. 4069.
It was distributed as Lupinus meionanthus Gray. It may be re-
lated, but the two species are quite different in appearance. The
flowers of L. metonanthus are about half as large, circular in out-
line, and with the banner sessile. The pubescence is denser and
more shaggy. This is a beautiful species, with the open-flowered
racemes of purplish-blue flowers terminating each stem.

Lupinus rimz Eastwood, spec. nov. Caulis divaricate ramosus supra
basin, circa 4 dm. altus, expansus 3 dm.; ramis gracilibus terminantibus in
racemis circa 8 cm. longis, laxe floriferis; pedunculis brevibus, occultis
foliis, omnino incanis; foliolis 5—7, oblanceolatis, mucronatis, circa 2 cm.
longis, 6 mm. latis, nonnihil adpresse villosis; petiolis gracillimis, multo
longioribus foliolis ; stipulis inferioribus adnatis, superioribus prope liberis,
subulatis; floribus 9—10 mm. longis, violaceis vel purpureis; pedicellis
gracilibus, 1—2 mm. longis; calyce basi gibboso, labio superiore ovato,
bidentato, 4 mm. longo, basi 4 mm. lato, labio inferiore 5 mm. longo, obtuso ;
vexillo orbiculato, prope basin villoso et gibboso, 8 mm. diametro, apice
plicato ; alis 10 mm. longis, 7 mm. latis prope apicem; carina glabra, falcata,
parte tecta alis.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 280705, collected August
10, 1938, at Inyo Earthquake Fault near Mammoth, Mono Co.,
California, J. T. Howell No. 14495.

This is a lupine with a pale green aspect, widely branching
from a single stem, each slender branch terminating in a short
laxly flowered raceme surpassing the leaves which hide the
peduncles, The peculiar very short spreading pubescence be-
comes more appressed on the leaves. The small flowers with the

174 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _[ VOL. III, No. 8

strongly falcate glabrous keel allies it to the L. formosus group.
It differs in the smaller flowers and quite different pubescence.

Lupinus sellulus Kell. var. elatus Eastwood, var. nov. Caules elati,
supra ramosi; foliolis circa 6, oblongo-linearibus; pubescentia, floribus et
racemis similibus typo.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 278848, collected at East
Lake, Fresno Co., California, July 31, 1940, by John Thomas
Howell, No. 15767. Another similar specimen was collected by
Mr. Howell, No. 16074, Aug. 9, 1940, between Junction and
Vidette meadows in the same region, Herb. No. 281004.

Other collections, all from California, are as follows: along
the highway, 25 miles north of Bishop, Mono Co., July 29, 1938,
Y. W. Winblad; Jackass Meadow near Lake Florence, Fresno
Co., August 31, 1940, Mrs. H. C. Cantelow; Mammoth, Mono
Co., July 13, 1935, L. Rowntree. These last three collections
have shorter leaflets than in the type.

Lupinus sublanatus Eastwood, spec. nov. Perennis, herbaceus, ex basi
ramosus, circa 2 dm. altus; caulibus sine foliis basi, gracilibus, foliosis,
simplicibus, sublanatis et divaricate villosis, foliolis 5—7, oblongo-oblanceo-
latis, obtusis et mucronatis, sublanatis, circa 2 cm. longis, 3—5 mm. latis,
petiolis inferioribus longioribus et petiolis superioribus brevioribus foliolis,
stipulis adnatis 14, subulatis, 4 mm. longis; floribus purpureis, 1 cm. longis,
8 mm. latis, circa 4 mm. inter alas et vexillum, verticillatis in racemis
subsessilibus circa 5 cm. longis; calyce basi subgibboso, labio superiore
2-crenato, 5 mm. longo, 4 mm. lato, labio inferiore oblongo-lanceolato,
obtuso, 7 mm. longo; vexillo orbiculato, circa 8 mm. lato, reflexo, dorso
villoso, stipitato; alis 8 mm. longis, 7 mm. latis; carina curvata, tecta alis,
medio 2 mm. lata, superiore parte ciliata, stipite 2 mm. longo.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 299537, collected July 16,
1935, between Mammoth and Earthquake Fault, Mono Co., Cali-
fornia, by Lester Rowntree.

The affinities of this species are not evident to the author.
The dull white woolly pubescence gives it a peculiar appearance.
The flowers somewhat resemble those of L. Gray: Watson, but
are much smaller and in habit the plant is quite unlike that species.

Lupinus wenatchensis Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules ramosi ex radice
lignea, erecti, simplices 4 dm. alti, basi squamosi et fere sine foliis, dense
adpresse sericei ; foliis radicalibus paucis, petiolis circa 1 dm. longis, petiolis
foliorum superiorum circa zqualibus foliolis; stipulis infimis 1 cm. longis,
4 adnatis, parte libera filiformi, stipulis supremis brevioribus et fere
liberis ; foliolis 6—9, conduplicatis, lanceolatis, acutis, 3—4 cm. longis, 46
mm. latis, utrimque adpresse pubescentibus; racemis sessilibus, circa 8 cm.
longis, dense floriferis, pedicellis circa 3 mm. longis, ascendentibus ; floribus

NOVEMBER, 1942] NEW SPECIES OF MIRABILIS 175

circa 10 mm. longis, inornatis, in juventute atro-purpureis, vexillo flavo
vel brunneo-occulato, in senectute rubiginoso ; calyce bracteolato, basi calca-
rato, labio superiore 4 mm. lato et longo, obtuso, labio inferiore lanceolato-
ovato, 5 mm. longo, obtuso; vexillo dorso paulo villoso, 9 mm. longo, 5 mm.
lato, anguste obovato, basi 2 mm. lato, fere equilongo alis; alis 4 mm. latis
prope apicem; carina paulo curvata, medio 4 mm. lata et ciliata, obtusa,
alba, apice purpurea.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 254504, collected on alpine
slopes of Wenatchee Mt., alt. 6800 ft., Kittitas Co., Washington,
Sept. 13, 1937, by J. William Thompson, No. 14242.

The spurred calyx allies it to the small-flowered L. laxiflorus
group. The wings and banner are approximate in anthesis and
the tip of the keel is exserted. The foliage becomes darker in
drying and is perhaps somewhat fleshy. The color of the dried
flowers is a dirty brown. However, in the very young flowers
the banner seems to be a very dark purple with a yellowish or
brownish spot in the middle. This species might be included in
the L. laxiflorus group, but the small dull colored flowers, the
dense racemes, and the general aspect all mark it as distinct from
L. laxiflorus.

A NEW SPECIES OF MIRABILIS, WITH REMARKS
ON HERMIDIUM AND RELATED GENERA

BY R. C. BARNEBY

Mirabilis pudica Barneby, spec. nov. ad subgenus Quamoclidion
(Choisy) Jeps. involucro plurifloro referenda, M. Greenei S. Wats. cui
habitu approximatur affinis, sed ab eo involucro rotato deflexo, perigonii
dimidio brevioris campanulati albi limbo superne vix ampliato nec infundi-
buliformi aliisque diversis notulis toto ccelo diversa. M. triflora Benth.
et M. Macfarlanei Const. & Roll. que etiam inter Quamoclidia involucrum
subrotatum przbent, perigonii purpurei forma, pube, totoque habitu et dis-
tantius recedunt.

Perennis herbacea pluricaulis ex ipsa basi ramosa, omnibus partibus
pallide glauco-virens albicansve fragilis, preter filamenta atque perigonium
obscure puberulum undique glaberrima: caulibus numerosis graciliusculis
3—5 dm. altis e collo radicis lignose adscendentibus erectisve, inferne brevi
spatio lignescentibus, hinc inde alternatim vel subdichotome ramosis, demum
rigidis striatis pallidis, ad nodos incrassatis, supra medium florigeris: foliis
oppositis conspicue adscendentibus (szepissime petiolo torto ad perpendicu-
lum dispositis) breviter petiolatis 2—5 cm. longis plerumque internodio
superatis, inferioribus late ovatis obtusis in media angustiora acuta necnon
summa lanceolata acutissima sensim decrescentibus, lamina plana crassa

176 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. III, No. 8

rigida perglauca in sicco rugulosa angustissime albomarginata secus petio-
lum 1—5 mm. longum anguste alatum decurrenti, nervis pallidis inferne
prominulis superne inconspicuis pinnatim paucinervia : involucris solitariis
axillaribus et terminali, 6- (rarissime 5- vel 7-) floris, pedunculo gracili
circa 1 cm. longo apicem versus clavato abrupte dejecto pendulis, ad an-
thesin breviter et aperte rotato-campanulatis 12—15 mm. longis, 20—25 mm.
latis, basi leviter umbilicatis, gamophyllis sed infra medium in lacinias
5 late ovatas admodum cordatas valde acutas vel apiculatas 1-nervias pro-
funde fissis, fructiferis ad 3 cm. usque latis accrescentibus, primum magis
explanato-rotatis demum laxe conniventibus: floribus subsessilibus in invo-
lucri basi incrassata receptaculiformi alba insidentibus: ovario ad anthesin
suborbiculari 2.5 mm. longo: perigonii utrinque puberuli 13—14 mm. longi
tubo viridulo supra basin rotundatam late campanulato, versus medium
circa 10 mm. lato, in limbum angustum album lobulis vix 1 mm. longis
emarginatis crenulatim 5-lobatum, demum fere 2 cm. latum, sensim am-
pliato (vix autem tubus a limbo distingui potest), nervis 5 viridibus in
lobulorum sinus usque productis percurso: staminibus inzequalibus peri-
gonium superantibus, filamentis 12—16 mm. longis filiformibus inferne
breviter concretis, ad medium villosulis, antheris circa 1 mm. latis luteis:
stylo 17—19 mm. longo glabro: anthocarpio subsphzercideo, ovoideo vel
ellipsoideo, 5—8 mm. longo, 5—7 mm. lato, exangulato multistriato coriaceo
castaneo vel nigrescenti. Noctu floret.

NevapA: sandy playa three miles west of Crystal Springs,
Lincoln Co., alt. 4200 ft., 10 May 1942, Ripley & Barneby No.
4403, flor., and ibid., 12 June 1942, No. 4974, fruct. Types in
Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. Nos. 298965 & 298957. The following
collections may also be noted: east of Crystal Springs, Lincoln
Co., No. 4399; near Hiko, Lincoln Co., No. 3478 ; alkaline flats
near south end of the Spotted Range, Nye Co., No. 3428. Also
observed in some quantity on alkaline flats at the foot of the
Desert Range in both Clark and Lincoln counties and about the
Pahranagat Lakes.

Mirabilis pudica has been compared in the diagnosis primarily
with M. Greenei S. Wats., but it is doubtful whether it is in
reality more closely allied to that species than to M. Macfarlanet
Const. & Roll. or even to Hermidium alipes S. Wats. Mirabilis
Greenei, it is true, has similarly fleshy and glaucous herbage, but
the rotate involucre of our species, pendent upon its abruptly
recurved peduncle, and the white, campanulate, scarcely exserted
perianth are very different and find no counterpart in the sub-
genus Quamoclidion. In M. Macfarlane: the involucre is also
rotate, but the calyx is a long purple trumpet and the whole aspect
of the plant is reminiscent rather of the common Four-o’clocks

NOVEMBER, 1942] NEW SPECIES OF MIRABILIS 177

of the southwestern deserts, M. multiflora A. Gray and M. Froe-
beliti (Behr) Greene, Even more remote, both taxonomically and
geographically, is the genotype of Quamoclidion, M. triflora,
Benth., with its very narrow perianth and three-flowered invo-
lucre. That so remarkable and distinct a species, and one, more-
over, that is abundant over quite a large area in southern Nevada,
could have been overlooked until the present, can be explained
only, it seems, by its quite considerable resemblance to the mono-
typic Hermidium. And herbarium studies have convinced the
writer that this is no mere chance resemblance, but betrays, in
all probability, a very real and close affinity.

Hermidium is unique among the Mirabilee in that each flower
in the head is subtended by a broad, ovate bract attached for a
short distance to the pedicel, the flower thus appearing to spring
from the midvein of the bract : occasionally the exterior bracts are
somewhat adnate at base, but they never form the true gamophyl-
lous involucre of Mirabilis sens. lat. and the inflorescence is
essentially as in Bougainvillea Commers. Mirabilis pudica, on
the other hand, is a typical Quamoclidion, with five flowers seated
on the thickened bases of the adnate involucral bracts and one or
rarely two central ebracteate flowers. Exceptionally, however,
an involucre may be found (among some hundred examined two
have been seen by the writer) in which the central flower is sub-
tended by a free bract exactly similar in structure to a division
of the involucre proper. Such an abnormality suggests strongly
that M. pudica has but recently evolved from the primitive
“bougainvilleoid” state of the flower-cluster as exhibited by
Hermidium towards the composite inflorescence of Mirabilis.
The bowl-shaped perianth of M. pudica is exactly as in Her-
midium and recurs also in Hesperonia Standl., another segregate
from Mirabilis marked by this character, free filaments and a
solitary flower. In the reproductive organs there is no appreci-
able difference between Hermidium and Quamoclidion, stamens,
ovary, and anthocarp being essentially alike. It will thus be seen
that M. pudica, which combines the campanulate perianth of
Hesperonia and Hermidium with the rotate, polyanthous invo-
lucre of Quamoclidion pro parte,occupies a highly critical position
in the Mirabilee and tends to weaken the lines of differentiation
between these genera, In this paper it is proposed to remark
only on the position of Hermidium.

178 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, No. 8

As has been shown above, the form of the inflorescence is
the sole criterion of importance which now remains to distinguish
the genus from Quamoclidion, and the gap between the two is
considerably narrowed by the discovery in M. pudica of abnormal
involucres bearing a central bracteate flower. Moreover, a com-
parison of M. pudica with the genotype of Quamoclidion, M. tri-
flora, reveals a much wider divergence in all other details between
the two than exists between the former and Hermidium alipes,
while, if Hesperonia and Quamoclidion are regarded merely as
subgenera of Mirabilis, sens. lat. (which seems to be the current
taxonomic practice), a very much wider latitude of variation
will be admitted to Mirabilis than exists between Hermidium and
the subgenus Quamoclidion. It appears, in fact, that Hermidium
should be regarded phylogenetically as a primitive Quamoclidion,
related at least as closely to M. pudica as the latter is to any known
species of Mirabilis, and the genus can hardly be retained, except
on grounds of convenience, without doing violence to the princi-
ples of natural classification. In this connection it is not out
of place to consider the geographic range of Hermidium. Is it
not suggestive that this species occupies almost exactly the area
enclosed by the more local ranges of Mm. Greenei, pudica, and
Macfarlanei? Or conversely that these three highly localized but
distinct species are scattered about the periphery of Hermidium’s
wider habitat ?

Mirabilis pudica was first encountered in a low, sink-like
valley at the foot of the Spotted Range in southeastern Nye
County, and here, as at the base of the Sheep Mts., the plants
occur in dense colonies on gentle slopes or flats of white alkaline
clay, where, over small areas, it is the dominant species in a
strongly saline association of chenopodiaceous shrubs. In these
localities it had the aspect of such strictly gypsophilous xero-
phytes as Asclepias cryptoceras S. Wats. or Astragalus asclepia-
doides M. E. Jones, both of which have leaves of similar color
and texture. Subsequently, however, it was found to be less
eclectic in its habital requirements than those species, appearing
to be equally at home on the calcareous gravel foothills of the
Hiko Range as in the sandy valleys and playas between Crystal
Springs and the Pahranagat Lakes. In the latter stations, in
fact, the individual plants were usually larger and more luxuriant,

NOVEMBER, 1942] NEW SPECIES OF MIRABILIS 179

though they were never seen to form the almost pure stands
already described.

As the species has been seen at all stages of development the
, following notes may be of interest. The herbaceous shoots, when
they first appear in early spring, are sparingly branched, rather
tender and often suffused with purple. As the season advances
the numerous stems become diffusely and intricately branched,
rigid and fragile, and at maturity may form a glaucous, dome-
like plant two or three feet in diameter, heavily laden throughout
with pendent involucres. The leaves, by tortion of the petiole,
are held vertically erect in the manner of the Jojoba, Simmondsia
chinensis (Link) Schn., a device, one may presume, designed to
avoid the extreme insolation of the noonday sun. The membra-
nous perianth, with pale green tube fading insensibly into a
narrow white crenate limb, expands with Linanthus dichotomus
(Gray) Greene towards evening and remains open until about
ten o’clock of the following day. On one occasion a humming-
bird was observed hovering before the flowers, evidently in search
of nectar, but the corollas with their nocturnal anthesis and
exserted stamens are so perfectly adapted to pollination by night-
flying moths that this occurrence must be regarded as quite acci-
dental. The species occupies a zone intermediate between the
Upper and Lower Sonoran, with altitudinal limits, so far as
known, of 3200 and 4200 feet.

ANOTHER BINDWEED IN CALIForNIA. A Convolvulus new
to the weed flora of California has appeared in the southern part
of the state from the Mediterranean region. It is Convolvulus
altheoides L., a species which will be readily distinguished among
our morning-glories and bindweeds if it becomes widely estab-
lished because of its dimorphic leaves, the lower being crispate
or shallowly lobed, the upper deeply palmately parted. Accord-
ing to Mr. Lewis Brock, Deputy Agricultural Commissioner of
Ventura County, the plant was discovered in July, 1942, on the
Limoneira Ranch near Santa Paula, where it covers about 700
square feet in a lemon grove and has even climbed into the
trees.—John Thomas Howell.

180 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. ItI, No. 8

A SHORT LIST OF PLANTS FROM CEDROS ISLAND,
LOWER CALIFORNIA

BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

In 1932, the Templeton Crocker Expedition of the California
Academy of Sciences, on its homeward voyage from the Gala-
pagos Islands, paused at Cedros Island off the middle western
coast of Lower California, and on two days I went ashore near
the south end of the island. On August 16, I went inland from
the settlement at the abalone cannery, collecting along the desert
wash and going as far as a large solitary tree-cactus but not
reaching the chief spring in the southern part of the island. Late
in the afternoon of the following day, I collected inland from
South Bay ina highly desert region where I obtained a few things
of great interest. It was at this time when Mr. Crocker collected
from marine rocks the beautiful fruticulose lichen that the late
O. V. Darbishire described as Rocella fimbriata (Proc. Calif.
Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 21: 287,—1935).

In so short a time, it was not possible to make a very extensive
collection, especially since considerable time was taken to pre-
pare specimens of cacti. In all, only 43 specimens were collected,
but when compared with the list of Cedros Island plants pub-
lished by Miss Eastwood (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 18:
420—441), this small collection is seen to contain enough of
interest to justify a brief report on it. Out of the 41 different
plants represented, 6 (indicated in list by an asterisk) apparently
have not been recorded before from the island. Of these the
most remarkable record is that of the giant tree-cactus, Cereus
Pringlei, Thirteen of the specimens represent topotypes ; and of
the remaining 21 plants, 12 are known from the island only from
one or two collections.

List oF COLLECTIONS

* DISTICHLIS SPICATA (L.) Greene (?). The only specimens
obtained were some sterile fragments from the vicinity of a
spring, No. 10699a. Although the specimens resemble that form
of the Salt Grass that grows in unusually unfavorable places, it
is not possible to determine our plant definitely without more
adequate material.

Juncus acutus L. var. spH#RocarPUS Engelm. Large
clumps in canyon below the spring, No. 10699.

NOVEMBER, 1942] PLANTS FROM CEDROS ISLAND 181

AGAVE SEBASTIANA Greene. Rocky wash above the settle-
ment, No. 10691. Rosette subglobular, about 1.5—2 feet in
diameter, the leaves suberect and pale glaucous-green ; peduncle
6—8 feet tall, the inflorescence flat-topped and rather dense.
Variations were noted in the size of capsules in different plants.

* ANEMOPSIS CALIFORNICA Hook. Rare in damp soil around
bunches of Juncus below the spring, No. 10697.

ERIOGONUM FASCICULATUM Benth. Common bushy shrub
on wash and rocky slopes above the settlement, No. 10674. The
form collected is subsp. typicum Stokes with the outside of the
perianth glabrous.

ERIOGONUM INTRICATUM Benth, Abundant on rocky wash
above the settlement, No. 10677. Stems spreading and sprawl-
ing, the largest plants 3—4 feet across ; perianth-segments strigil-
lose to subglabrous, the outer segments a little smaller than the
inner.

Erioconum Ponpi Greene. Low dense bushes on rocky
slopes, South Bay, No. 10708.

HarrorDIA FRUTICOSA (Greene) Greene. A rather common
scraggly shrub of rocky slopes above South Bay, No. 10704. The
fleshy leaves are tinged brownish, giving the plant a colorful
appearance amid the extreme desert surroundings.

ATRIPLEX PACIFICA Nels. Rather common on coastal bluff
at South Bay, No. 10711.

MIRABILIS CEDROSENSIS (Standl.) Jeps. Only a solitary
plant found on the wash above the settlement, No. 10676.

*DRYMARIA HOLOSTEOIDES Benth. A single plant found in
a sandy place in the wash above the settlement, No. 10680.

OLIGOMERIS LINIFOLIA (Vahl) Macbr. South Bay, No.
10709a.

* ECHEVERIA LINEARIS (Greene) A. Berg. South Bay, No.
10709. Stems numerous from stout woody caudex, forming
dense cushion-like masses up to a foot across; leaves pale green,
not glaucous; branches of the inflorescence and calyx glaucous ;
corolla very pale yellowish tinged with green, fading brownish.

Lotus cCEDROSENSIS Greene. Hosackia flexuosa Greene.
Rather common on the sandy wash above South Bay, No. 10707.
Stems prostrate; flowers yellow at first, becoming brick-red.

1 This collection may be regarded as an exact topotype of Greene’s
species. The type in Herb. Greene. bears the following data: “SW. end of
the island,’’ Cedros Island, February, 1889, Lieut. Chas. F. Pond, U. S. N.

182 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _[ VOL. III, NO. 8

Lotus NupaATus (Greene) Greene. Rocky wash above the
settlement, No. 10673. Stems subprostrate, forming low intri-
cately branched mounds; corolla yellow, becoming reddish. At
the time of our visit, most of the plants were leafless and without
flowers.

Lotus SALSUGINOSUS Greene var. BREVIVEXILLUS Ottley.
L. humilis Greene. Below the spring, rare, No. 10698.

PHASEOLUS FILIFORMIS Benth. Rocky wash above the settle-
ment, No. 10681. Corolla pink.

EUPHORBIA MISERA Benth. (Det. L. C. Wheeler.) Rocky
wash above the settlement, No. 10679. Shrub 2—3 feet tall;
gland reddish, the appendages white, creamy-white, or shaded
with rose.

EUPHORBIA POLYCARPA Benth. var. Typica L. C. Wheeler.
Very common on rocky wash above the settlement, No. 10688.
The following discussion by Dr. Wheéler accompanied his de-

termination :

Howell No. 10688 was first considered a distinct entity closely allied to
E. melanadenia Torr., but microscopic examination showed it to be pubes-
cent rather than tomentose, which places it nearer E. polycarpa. The un-
usually wrinkled testa appeared distinctive, but Berry No. 22 (Herb. Calif.
Acad. Sci.), Cedros Island, has less wrinkled seeds which form a tran-
sition to the slightly wrinkled seeds of the pubescent collection from Point
Mugu, Ventura County, California, Wheeler No. 494 (Wheeler herb.).

It is possible to arbitrarily divide E. polycarpa var. typica and var.
hirtella into four groups having the following combinations of charac-
ters: (1) glabrous, appendages wide; (2) glabrous, appendages narrow;
(3) pubescent, appendages wide; (4) pubescent, appendages narrow. Var.
typica has been used by Wheeler to designate the first three combinations.
No. (4) is var. hirtella sensu Wheeler and is a plant of the deserts. Combi-
nation No. (3) occurs sporadically in the coastal region, as Wheeler No.
494, but is not found well developed in the deserts. Rather than endlessly
multiplying names for trivial variants, it seems better to continue to recog-
nize only two groups at most and even these intergrade rather hopelessly.
The width of the appendages is suspected (by Wheeler) to be more eco-
logical than genetical and the degree of pubescence varies considerably
from one part of an individual plant to another.

Howell No. 10688 approaches FE. bartolomei Greene in the character
of the seeds. It is quite possible that the specimen collected in 1897 on
Cedros Island by T. S. Brandegee and cited as doubtfully E. polycarpa var.
hirtella (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 63 :409,—1936) is identical with Howell
No. 10688 and Berry No. 22, but the specimen is not at hand for com-
parison. It is admitted that the pubescence on the specimens from Cedros
Island is extremely dense, but so is it on some specimens from the main-

NOVEMBER, 1942] PLANTS FROM CEDROS ISLAND 183

land of Lower California. The plants from Cedros Island appear some-
what distinct but lack definite characters to separate them from E. poly-
carpa var. typica, combination (3).

SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS (Link) Schn. Common shrub on
the wash and rocky slopes above the settlement, No. 10672.

RHUS LAURINA Nutt. The tallest leafy plant on the wash
above the settlement, No. 10695. Rhus Lentii Kell. was common
but was not collected.

FRANKENIA PALMERI Wats. Common on the wash and on
rocky slopes above the settlement, No. 10694; common above
South Bay, No. 10705. Petals white.

EucNIDE corDATA (Kell.) Kell. ex Curran. Common on
wash and rocky slopes above the settlement, No. 10685. Plants
bushy, the largest 2—3 feet tall, 4—6 feet across; petals pale
greenish-yellow.

* CEREUS PRINGLEI Wats. A single tree, inland from the
settlement in the vicinity of the spring, No. 10700. Tree about
35 feet tall; trunk 2 feet in diameter at the ground, decreasing
to 1.5 feet upward but increasing to 2 feet again at the point
where four branches arise; branches appearing about 1.5 feet in
diameter at the base; trunk protected by fascicles of long spines,
the ridges on the lower part of the branches bearing long spines
also, but the spines becoming very short or disappearing entirely
at about 15 feet; fruit just below the top, the spines on fruit
white with rose base.

EcHINOCACTUS CHRYSACANTHUs Orcutt. Common on rocky
slopes in the vicinity of the spring, No. 10701. Stems to 3 feet
tall ; spines of young specimens rosy, becoming yellowish on older
plants ; petals reddish fading to yellowish on the edges, or some
petals almost entirely yellow.

ECHINOCEREUS MARITIMUS (M.E. Jones) Schum. On rocky
slopes in the vicinity of the spring, No. 10702. Stems numerous,
forming cushion-like colonies 1 or 2 feet across; spines white,
ranged on 8 ribs; petals yellowish with broad brownish stripe
down the middle.

MAmMMILLARIA Ponpit Greene. On rocky slopes in the
vicinity of the spring, No. 10703. Stems clustered or spreading,
a foot long, the cottony pubescence varying in amount.

PHACELIA IxoDEs Kell. Rocky wash above the settlement,
No. 10678 ; rock crevices of marine bluff, South Bay, No. 10712.

184 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, No. 8

Plants 1—2.5 feet tall with widely spreading branches; stems
and leaves heavily glandular, the glandular secretion odorous;
corolla-limb pale lavender, the throat brownish-tinged. On ex-
amination the plant seems definitely an annual, but its bushy habit
gives it the appearance of a perennial.

* CRYPTANTHA GrayI (Vasey & Rose) Macbr. var. cryPTO-
CH#TA (Macbr.) Johnston. Sandy place on wash above the
settlement, No. 10690. In Lower California this plant has been
reported heretofore only from the extreme southern part.

HELIOTROPIUM CURASSAVICUM L. var. XEROPHILUM (CKkIl.)

Nels. & Macbr. Occasional in the upper part of the wash above
the settlement. No. 10682.

PHYSALIS GREENEI Vasey & Rose. Rocky wash above the
settlement, No. 10692. Stems ii gs herbage glandular ;
corolla greenish-yellow.

GALVESIA JUNCEA (Benth.) Gray. Shrubby plants 3 feet tall
on the wash above the settlement, No. 10693.

PENSTEMON CERROSENSIS Kell. Occasional on rocky slopes
near the spring, No. 10696. Fruiting specimens with gray-green
leaves,

BEBBIA JUNCEA (Benth.) Greene. Common shrub on the
wash above the settlement, No. 10675. The plants are densely
branched and form mounds 4—6 feet tall and 10 feet or more
across.

FRANSERIA CHENOPODIIFOLIA Benth. Common shrub on the
wash above the settlement, No. 10687. The stems and leaves are
sticky-glandular and odorous.

GUTIERREZIA SAROTHR# (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby. Common
bushes on the wash above the settlement, No. 10689.

Isocoma sp. According to my notes a species of Jsocoma
was a common shrubby plant along the wash above South Bay,
but I have not been able to locate my specimens collected as
No. 10710.

PERITYLE Gray Rose. Glandular and odorous plants from
the wash above the settlement, No. 10684.

PERITYLE GREENEI Rose. From the sandy canyon bottom
above South Bay, No. 10706.

NOVEMBER, 1942] AMARANTHUS POWELLII 185

POROPHYLLUM CEDRENSE Rose & Standl. Rocky wash above
the settlement, No. 10683. Low, rather rigidly branched plant
with odorous glaucous-blue stems and leaves,

SONCHUS OLERACEuS L. Occasional on wash above the settle-
ment, No. 10686.

AMARANTHUS POWELLII IN CALIFORNIA

BY LOUIS CUTTER WHEELER
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia

The range given by Standley, North American Flora 21 (2):
112 (1917) for Amaranthus Powellu S, Wats., Proc. Amer.
Acad. Arts & Sci. 10: 347 (1875), “Oregon to Wyoming and
northern Mexico; . . . ” suggests the possibility that the species
might occur in California. Examination of the specimens in the
United States National Herbarium, where Standley prepared his
treatment of the Amaranthacee for the North American Flora,
yielded several collections of A. Powellii from California: San
Bernardino County: San Bernardino, Aug., 1893, 5. B. Parish.
Los Angeles County: Echo Park, Los Angeles, Oct., 1902,
E. Braunton No. 705; Vernon, Los Angeles, Oct., 1902,
E. Braunton No. 720. Amador County: New York Falls, alt.
1,500 ft., July 27, 1895, Geo. Hansen No. 1411 in part, rest
A. retroflexus. Placer County: Auburn, June 24, 1892, Ed.
Palmer No. 2402 and 2403. Alameda County : Alameda, Oct. 1,
1894, W. L. Jepson. Contra Costa County: Berkeley, Sept.,
1894, W. L. Jepson.

None of these was labeled A. Powellit. It appears that
Standley sorted the specimens into the right folders, but left most
with the original names given them by the collectors.

Any report of this sort calls for a statement of the difference
between the species being reported and the species with which
it may have been confused. Of the native or naturalized mo-
neecious species of Amaranthus occurring in California which
have primarily terminal inflorescences and dehiscent utricles
_there are four species. Amaranthus fimbriatus (Torr.) Benth.
ex S. Wats. is readily separated from the others by its broadly
spatulate pistillate sepals. The others may be distinguished as
follows:

186 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. III, No. 8

Pistillate sepals (at least the longer in each flower) conspicuously exceed-
ing the utricle, all spreading at maturity, oblong-linear, most in
each flower obtuse or truncate or emarginate and sub-erose, often
AeiState's) Stalin ms 79 ssc. cat ter oo cee sea ee A. retroflexus

Pistillate sepals shorter than, to slightly exceeding, the utricle, erect, lanceo-
late, entire, tapering gradually to the terminal arista.

Seeds elliptical to broadly ovate in outline, 1.1—1.3 mm. long, brownish-

black; stamens 3 in some of the flowers on any plant, some-

time st 4. Or 55.22 Sas hn 2k es A. Powellit
Seeds circular in outline; not over 1 mm. in diameter, jet black;
Stamens) heise! ert aN es dO ve A ace A. hybridus

It will be helpful in using the key to know the frequency of
flowers with three stamens in A. Powellii, as it would be tedious
to examine all the numerous staminate flowers on an unknown
plant on the chance that one might have only three stamens. Of
37 staminate flowers from 9 plants in the 8 collections definitely
referred above to typical A. Powelliit, 17 had 3 stamens, 6 had 4,
and 15 had 5. Flowers with 3 stamens were always encountered
within the first 6 examined on any plant and, as will be seen from
the above data, nearly half had 3 stamens.

In addition to the characters given in the key to distinguish
A. Powellu from A. hybridus, the former has spiciform panicles
thicker, longer, and more conspicuously aristate-spiny-bracted
while the latter has spiciform panicles more slender, shorter, and
obscurely aristate-spiny-bracted. These latter characters are
useful when both species are in hand. In actual practice it is
unnecessary to count the stamens if ripe seeds are available since
the combination of size, outline, and usually color makes it easy to
distinguish the two species. There is one collection of two plants
one of which is plain A. retroflexus and the other A. Powellii
with enough characters of A. retroflexus to suggest a hybrid:
Mendocino County: Kaisen District, Aug., 1903, Jas. McMurphy
No. 3 (U.S. Nat. Herb.). This putative hybrid has the leaves,
tomentulose stem, and 5 stamens of A. retroflexus but the inflo-
rescence and seeds of A. Powellii. A similar combination of
the foliage and tomentulose stem of A. retroflexus with the inflo-
rescence and pistillate flowers of A. hybridus is the following:
Blue Ridge Mountains, Rockingham Co., Virginia, Fosberg No. _
17427 (Univ. of Penn.).

A collection of Amaranthus from Araquipa Ranch, Vacaville,
Sonoma County, California, Oct., 1892, W. L. Jepson (U.S.

NOVEMBER, 1942] WESTERN PLANTS 187

Nat. Herb.) is worthy of special comment. It is apparently
teratological, judging by the few seeds matured. Pistillate
flowers are numerous, but on casual dissection only one stami-
nate flower was noted and it had three stamens. One perfect
flower with one stamen was found. The prevailingly blunt pistil-
late sepals suggest an affinity with A. retroflexus, but other
characters do not. The specimen consists of a leafless terminal
panicle 40 cm. long, composed of numerous more or less ascend-
ing slender (about 1 cm. thick) panicles mostly 1O—15 cm. long
made up of very numerous overlapping subtriangular conspicu-
ously bracted spikes about 3 mm. broad and up to 10 mm. long.
Similar autumnal phases with elongated spikes which appear as
if braided occur in other species.

WESTERN PLANTS FROM HERE AND THERE
BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

The following collections (in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. unless
otherwise indicated) seem to represent new records for the states
from which they are being reported. All are indigenous except
the first.

SCHISMUS ARABICUS Nees. Near Las Vegas, Clark Co.,
Nevada, Eastwood & Howell No. 8954. (Cf. Hoover, Leafl.
West. Bot. 3:114, 115.)

CoRALLORRHIZA TRIFIDA Chatelain. C. innata R. Br. Near
Treasure Lake, Snake Range, White Pine Co., Nevada, Ripley
& Barneby No. 4038.

ERIOGONUM ESMERALDENSE Wats. East slope of Inyo Mts.
near the summit south of Seep Hole Spring, Inyo Co., Cali-
fornia, Kerr No. 3276.

ERIOGONUM VILLIFLORUM Gray. Calcareous gravel slopes
in juniper zone near Shoshone, White Pine Co., Nevada, Ripley
& Barneby No. 3537.

RUMEX UTAHENSIS Rech. f. Hope Valley, Alpine Co., Cali-
fornia, Eastwood & Howell No. 8393.

CymopTerus Watson (C. & R.) M. E. Jones. Sagebrush
flats, 10 miles south of Beaver, Iron Co., Utah, Eastwood &
Howell No. 9341.

LINANTHUS MOHAVENSIS H, L. Mason. Alkaline depres-
sions on high mobile dunes, 10 miles south of Callaway, Nye

188 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _[VOL. III, NO. 8

Co., Nevada, Ripley & Barneby No. 3634; slopes southwest of
Columbus Salt Marsh, Esmeralda Co., Nevada, Eastwood &
Howell No, 9512a.

MILTITZIA PUSILLA Gray. Alkaline flats east of Whitmore
Tubs, Long Valley, Mono Co., California, J. T. Howell No.
14382.

PHACELIA NEGLECTA M. E. Jones. Alkaline flats, 10 miles
northeast of Las Vegas, Clark Co., Nevada, Eastwood & Howell
No. 8974,

PHACELIA CALTHIFOLIA Brand. Amargossa Desert, Nye
Co., Nevada, M. E. Jones in 1907 (Herb. Pomona College).

CrYPTANTHA GLOMERIFLORA Greene. Foothills of Toquima
Range near Belmont, Nye Co., Nevada, Ripley & Barneby No.
3699, Third Creek at 8500 ft., near Mt. Rose, Washoe Co.,
Nevada, J. T. Howell No. 14059.

SONNEA FOLIACEA Greene. Plagiobothrys hispidus Gray var.
foliaceus (Greene) Johnston. Scree of volcanic rocks, Agnew
Pass, Madera Co., California, J. T. Howell No. 16885.

Mimutus Parryi Gray. West slope of Westgard Pass just
above Bachelder Spring, Inyo Co., California Eastwood &
Howell No. 9620; volcanic flats in pass near south end of Pan-
cake Range, Nye Co., Nevada, Eastwood & Howell No. 9438.
(Previously reported from Nevada from Lincoln Co. by
Maguire, Leafl. West. Bot. 3:13.)

ANTENNARIA SUFFRUTESCENS Greene. Oregon Mt. north
of Monumental, Del Norte Co., California, Eastwood & Howell
No. 3753.

ERIGERON NUDATUS Gray. Oregon Mt. north of Monu-
mental, Del Norte Co., California, Eastwood & Howell No. 3718.

VERONICA TRIPHYLLos L. IN CALIFoRNIA. This annual
European species, in which the lowest pair of leaves are crenate
or subentire and the upper leaves deeply 3-lobed or 3-parted,
has been collected in the vicinity of Yreka, Siskiyou County, in
March, 1914, by L. E. Smith, and in 1933 by M. S. Baker
(No. 7353, “Thomas Ranch, 2 miles south of Yreka’). Ap-
parently it has not been reported before from California. Pen-
nell’s report of its occurrence in Kansas is the only American
record for this plant that I have found in the literature ( Philadel.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Monogr. 1 : 333,—1935 ).—John Thomas Howell.

NOVEMBER, 1942] SOLANUM LANCEOLATUM 189

SOLANUM LANCEOLATUM IN CALIFORNIA
BY ALICE EASTWOOD

Mr. G. R. Gorton, Deputy Agricultural Commissioner in
charge of quarantine, Los Angeles County Agricultural Com-
mission, sent me in August, 1939, a Solanum for identification.
He reported it as “a rampant grower and inclined to spread in
volunteer fashion, in fact, it is practically naturalized in portions
of the county.” As it seemed to be a Mexican species and I was
in doubt, I sent it to Dr. P. C. Standley, Field Museum, Chicago,
whose book on the “Trees of Mexico” is one of the most im-
portant publications of the National Herbarium. Here is his
reply :

“The California Solanum is S. lanceolatum Cav. Of this
species we have authentic material from the Madrid Herbarium,
also various specimens from southern Mexico. The California
specimen shows a greater tendency toward pinnatifid leaves, but
this, I think, is only because the branches are comparatively
young and vigorous.”

Dunal in DeCandolle’s Prodromus (13, pt. 1:343) under
S. lanceolatum Cav. adds var. sinuatum which describes this plant
better than the description in Cavanilles’ Icones (3:23, tab. 245).
In Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., a specimen resembling the plate in
Cavanilles’ Icones was collected by Paul C. Russell and Max
Souviron (No, 245) at Molinas, Pueblo, Mexico, and labelled
S. laurifolium Mill. Another specimen, from the Botanical
Museum at Berlin, collected on Monte Alban near Oaxaca,
Mexico, Seler No. 4397, also labelled S. laurifolium Mill., re-
sembles the plant from Los Angeles. In Standley’s “Trees of
Mexico” under S. laurifolium, seven synonyms are listed, S.
lanceolatum Cav. among them. This seems to indicate great vari-
ability as well as a wide distribution.

From the specimens received, the plant seems to be sub-
shrubby and about 1 m. high. The leaves are extremely different
on the same plant, those at the upper part lanceolate-acuminate
and entire, though some are slightly wavy-margined. The lower
and larger leaves are bluntly and irregularly lobed below the
middle, the upper part entire, oblong-ovate and obtuse. The base
of the leaves is cuneate. Stems, leaves, and flowers are clothed

190 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _[VOL. III, NO. 8

with a white tomentum. The older stems and leaves become
smoother in age and the upper surface smoother and greener
than the lower. The tone of the leaves is greenish rather than
white and the veins are conspicuous. The main stems are clothed
with spines. The inflorescence is a cymose panicle on long
peduncles in the upper leaf-axils. The flowers are closely clus-
tered but the fruit is more scattered. The corolla is a light
purplish-blue about 15 mm. across and very downy on the back.
The orange berries are about the size of a pea on erect secund
pedicels.

Solanum lanceolatum probably spreads from the long root-
stocks. The birds also may distribute the seeds. In Golden Gate
Park and elsewhere in San Francisco, S. marginatum L. f. and
S. Gayanum (Remy) Phil. f. appear spontaneously.

Solanum lanceolatum was formerly in Golden Gate Park
where it was known as S. crotonifolium Humb. & Bonp.

STUDIES IN PHACELIA—III
BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

Phacelia austromontana J. T. Howell, spec. nov. Annua caulibus
plerumque fastigiate lateque ramosis ex basi, interdum simplicibus infra
et plus minusve ramosis supra, 0.5—2 dm. altis, hirsutulo-glandulosis, pilis
capitato-glandulosis paucis vel numerosis ; foliis integris prominenter pauci-
dentatis vel pinnato-lobatis, lobis utrinque 1—4, laminis lineari-lanceolatis
ad oblongis vel ovatis, preesertim 1—3 cm. longis et 0.2—1.5 (vel 2) cm.
latis, hirsutis glandulosisque, apice acutis, basi cuneatis, petiolis ad 2 cm.
longis ; racemis laxifloris vel densifloris, partem foliosam plantz paulo ex-
cedentibus, in senectute elongatis et usque ad 5 cm. longis, pedicellis 2—3
mm. longis infra, brevioribus supra, vel raro circa 1 cm. longis, pedicellis
infimis patentibus vel recurvatis in fructu; lobis calycis inaequalibus in lati-
tudine et longitudine, ad anthesin 2.5—3.5 mm. longis, 0.25—1 mm. latis,
in fructu 3.5—5.5 (vel 8) mm. longis, 0.3—1.5 (vel 2) mm. latis, linearibus
ad spatulato-oblanceolatis, subacutis, hirsutis et plus minusve glandulosis ;
corolla czsia, prompte decidua, aperte campanulata, 3—5 mm. longa, tuba
2—2.5 mm. longa; squamis 0.75—1 mm. longis, subquadrangularibus,
squamis jugorum vicinorum marginibus liberis connatis; staminibus et
corolla subzequilongis vel staminibus paulo longioribus, 2—4 mm. longis,
filamentis glabris, lavibus vel processus retrorsos tuberculatos ferentibus,
antheris 0.3—0.5 mm. longis; stylo et ramis 3—4 mm. longis, stylo hirsutulo
prope basin, ramis 1.25—2 mm. longis, ovario circa 1 mm. longo, ovulis 4;
capsulis turgide ovatis, 3—3.5 mm. longis, aliquantum prominenter rostratis,

NOVEMBER, 1942] STUDIES IN PHACELIA 191

piloso-puberulis et paulo capitato-glandulosis; seminibus 2—4, 1.5—1.75
mm. longis, oblongis vel oblongo-ovatis, subacutis, spadiceis, crasse foveo-
latis.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 188265, collected on the
South Fork of Rock Creek at 6000 ft., San Gabriel Mts., Los
Angeles Co., California, June 2, 1928, by Frank W. Peirson,
No. 7940, Phacelia austromontana ranges from the southern
Sierra Nevada and Panamint Mts. south to the San Bernardino
Mts. in California and it occurs locally in the Pine Valley Mts.,
Washington Co., Utah.

Phacelia austromontana is closely related to P. Eisenii T. S.
Brandg., but may be distinguished from it by the usually more
robust habit, the connate corolla-scales, the less deeply parted
style, and the markedly unequal lobes of the fruiting calyx. It
is also related to P. Quickii J. T. Howell, but in that species the
corolla becomes tubular-contracted after flowering and is tardily
deciduous. Phacelia austromontana is related to P. inconspicua
Greene, which has been collected only by Greene in the West
Humboldt Mts., Nevada, but it differs from that rare species in
its open corolla and glandular pubescence.

There is considerable variation in the material of P. austro-
montana that has been examined, but most of the variation seems
to result from environmental factors and the fluctuating differ-
ences in leaf-form have not seemed worthy of nomenclatural
recognition. Phacelia humilis var. lobata Davidson (Bull. S.
Calif. Acad. Sci. 5:61,—1906) is to be referred to P. austro-
montana although on examination the type (Herb. Mus. Los
Angeles County) was found to be a mixture of P. austromontana
and P. Davidsonu Gray.

Phacelia Barnebyana J. T. Howell, spec. nov. Herba annua elegans
gracillima erecta 0.4—1.5 dm. alta, purpurascens simplex vel pauci-ramosa
prope basin ; caulibus hirsutulo-villosis pilis longioribus capitato-glandulosis
brevioribus tenuioribus haud glandulosis ; foliis plerumque prope basin plan-
tarum elliptico-oblongis ad ovatis, 0.4—1.5 cm. longis, 0.2—0.7 cm. latis,
integris vel paulum repandis vel szepe aliquot serraturas prominentes ferenti-
bus, hirsutulis glandulosisque, apice obtusis subacutisve, basi late cuneatis
ad rotundatis, petiolis ad 2 cm. longis ; racemis substrictis elongatis, ad 1 dm.
longis, floribus distantibus, pedicellis gracillimis, 0.4—1 cm. longis, patenti-
bus vel adscendentibus, calyce maturato longioribus; calyce ad anthesin
2—2.5 mm. longo, lineari-oblongo ad oblanceolato, in senectute 3—4.5 mm.
longo, sparse hirsutulo et glanduloso vix capsulam excedenti ; corolla dilute
lilacina, tubulato-campanulata, (3—) 4.5—5 mm. longa, tenuiter glandu-

192 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. III, No. 8

loso-pubescenti vel subglabra extra, lobis 0.6—1 mm. longis ; squamis lineari-
bus vel obsolescentibus ; staminibus subzequalibus, 2 mm. longis, filamentis
glabris, antheris rotundis, 0.25—0.33 mm. diametro; stylo 2 mm. longis,
glabris, ramis perbrevibus capitellatisque circa 0.2—0.3 mm. longis; ovario
0.75 mm. longo, hirsutulo-barbato supra pubescenti infra, ovulis 18—20;
capsula 3—4 mm. longa, elliptico-oblonga ad late ovata, sparse hirsuta pilis
longis, apice rotundata et breviter apiculata; seminibus turgide ovoideis,
0.75—1 mm. longis, brunnescentibus vel nigrescentibus, crasse foveolatis.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 293736, collected at 5500
ft. on Clark Mt. near Mountain Pass, eastern San Bernardino
Co., California, May 8, 1941, by H. D. Ripley and R. C. Barneby,
No. 3362. Two other collections, both from California, are:
head of Johnson Canyon, 8000 ft., Panamint Mts., Inyo Co.,
June 16, 1938, Gilman No, 3134 (Herb. Pomona College) ; south
of Seep Hole Spring, east side of Inyo Mts. near summit, Inyo
Co., July 3, 1941, Kerr No. 3271.

Phacelia Barnebyana is related to both P. imcana Brand and
P. nevadensis J. T. Howell (P. pusilla Torr., not Buckl.), but
from both of them it differs in its more slender habit, purple-
tinged stem, more glandular indument, frequently toothed leaves,
and much smaller calyces. It is both an honor and pleasure to
name this attractive little plant for Mr. R. C. Barneby, who with
Mr. H. D. Ripley has achieved such brilliant results from critical
field studies in the deserts of southwestern United States.

A NotaBle ACCESSION TO THE CALIFORNIAN CHICKWEEDS.
An especially noteworthy extension of range may be reported
with the discovery of Stellaria obtusa Engelm. in the high inner
North Coast Ranges of California at Plaskett Meadow, Glenn
County. The specimen that I have examined is M. S. Baker
No. 10186 which was found growing in a box of Viola Mac-
loskeyt which Mr. Baker had transplanted to his experimental
garden at Kenwood, Sonoma County, from Plaskett Meadow
in July, 1941. On a more recent visit to Plaskett Meadow in
July, 1942, Mr. Baker found the plant growing in the meadow
in a dense turf of grasses and sedges where he had obtained his
transplant, but he reports that the chickweed was very rare. The
nearest locality where this distinctive little plant has been found
heretofore seems to be in the mountains of northeastern Oregon
(Peck, Man. Higher Pl. Ore., p. 289).—John Thomas Howell.

“/

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Vou. III No. 9

LEAFLETS

of
WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS

PAGE
uermrmorons: trarnoses. an Se) a ey as
R. C. BARNEBY
Further Studies in Eriogonum—V . . . . . . 200
Susan G. STOKES
DMMPORPCTIN EAUIDINIES) | co)! eevee, Sete PN eel ret 202
ALice EAstwoop
Dumere Cccidentales—ll 69 6 ky ew eS

JoHN THomas Howe.

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
Fesruary 18, 1943

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the
native flora of western North America, appearing about four
times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single
numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco,
California.

Cited as

LEAFL. WEsT. Bort.

Se RU U0 UU Une Oo a

feavennuadguavagenngyananyunugecnapey nage gnganegge ve eengge nce UeeepeeA Tae

Owned and published by

A ice Eastwoop and JOHN THOMAS HowELL

FEBRUARY, 1943] MISCELLANEOUS DIAGNOSES 193

MISCELLANEOUS DIAGNOSES
BY R, C. BARNEBY

The present paper is devoted to the description of several
unrecognized novelties collected by Mr. H. D. Ripley and the
writer in the Southwest. In the preliminary studies the her-
barium of Pomona College has, with the kind permission of Dr.
P. A. Munz, been consulted on various occasions. The writer
is also especially indebted to Miss Alice Eastwood, who has
loaned indispensable and valuable material from the collections
at California Academy of Sciences. These are more fully
acknowledged in the text. Types of all proposed entities are
deposited in the herbarium of the Academy.

Psoralea (PEDIOMELUM) epipsila Barneby spec. nov. P. mephitice
S. Wats. varietatique sue retrorse (Rydb.) Kearney & Peebles proxime
affinis, sed ab ea calyce dimidio longiori, ab hac corolla haud exserta denti-
bus calycinis zquilonga, ab ambabus vero caulibus manifeste caulescentibus,
stipulis infimis haud imbricatis, foliolisque superne discoloribus glaber-
rimis evidentius nigro-punctatis facillime separanda.

Perennis e radice elongato fusiformi farinaceo paucicipite, preter corol-
las atque superiorem foliolorum paginam undique sericeo-villosa: caulibus
haud numerosis erectis simplicibus vel prope basin parce ramosis, 2—7 cm.
longis, angulatis, ut pedunculi petiolique pilis brevibus subincurvis crispulis
villisque longioribus patulis commixtis molliter strigoso- et villoso-cinera-
scentibus ; stipulis membranaceis, late ovatis acutis vel acuminatis, 5—11
mm. longis, mox deciduis : petiolis circa 5 cm. longis, horizontaliter patenti-
bus: foliis palmatim (3—) 5-foliolatis, foliolis breviter petiolulatis, obovatis
obtusis vel acutiusculis haud raro mucronulatis, basi cuneatis, 1.5—2.5 cm.
longis, obscure penninerviis, ciliatis et inferne pilis adscendentibus sub-
appressis sericeo-cinereis, pagina superiori conspicue discolori, saturate
viridi glaberrima, glandulis parvis fuscis impressis multipunctata: peduncu-
lis petiolo folii suffulcrantis superatis erectis, in racemum 2—4 cm. longum
abeuntibus : bracteis saltem inferioribus latissimis, 10—13 mm. longis, prope
apicem spe 2—3-dentatis, dente terminali elongato-caudato, superioribus
angustioribus plerumque integris, omnibus intus glabratis extus villosis
ciliatisque : pedicellis filiformibus, circa 3 mm. longis, longe villosis: calycis
intus glabri tubo membranaceo postice valde gibbo, 5—6 mm. longo, denti-
bus acutis adeo heteromorphis, superioribus 4 subequilongis 7 mm. longis
anguste lineari-lanceolatis, inferiori circa 8 mm. longo latius lanceolato
ad medium 1.5—2.5 mm. lato: corolla dilute violacea dentibus calycinis
equilonga, preter magnitudinem ei P. mephitice omnibus partibus per-
simili: semine oblongo 4—5 mm. longo, 2.5 mm. lato, levi nitido.

Urau: red clay mesa 17 miles east of Kanab, towards Jepson

Spring, Kane Co., alt. 5500 ft., 6 June 1942, Ripley & Barneby

* Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. III, pp. 193-208, February 18, 1943.

194 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. 9

No. 4832, type, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 300410. Arizona:
Buckskin Mts., Coconino Co., 19 June 1890, Marcus E. Jones
(Pomona Coll. Herb. Nos. 27985 and 27986, annotated as
“P. castored’ ):

Psoralea epipsila is one of the group of species with enlarged
tuberiform roots to which belong the Indian Breadroots or
Pommes Blanches of the prairie states, and which were segre-
gated by Rydberg as the genus Pediomelum. In general struc-
ture it resembles P. mephitica S. Wats. rather closely, but differs
in being very distinctly caulescent and in the conspicuously bi-
colored leaflets which are cinereous beneath but bright green,
glabrous and punctate on the upper surface. In the size of the
flowers P. epipsila is intermediate between P. mephitica and its
variety retrorsa (Rydb.) Kearney & Peebles, but in both of these
the corolla is manifestly, though in the former but shortly, ex-
serted from the calyx-lobes, while in ours the banner barely
equals the lowest and largest lobe. Jones’ ample specimens from
Arizona bear both flower and fruit and it is from them only that
the character of the seed has been observed. They should per-
haps have been regarded as the type, but the vague indication
of locality, presumably somewhere in the northern foothills of
the Kaibab Plateau south of Kanab, led me to discard them in
favor of our own collection.

Polygala subspinosa S. Wats. var. heterorhyncha Barneby, var. nov.
P. subspinosa sensu Munz, Man. S. Calif. Bot. 282 (1935); Jepson, FI.
Calif. 2: 414 (1936) ; Jaeger, Desert Wildfirs. 123, fig. 267 (1940) ; Blake,
Contrib. Fl. Nev. 18:2 (1941), omn. pro parte quoad loc. calif.; Barneby,
Leafl. W. Bot. 3:111 (1942), non S. Wats.

A var. typica nob.* carinz rostro longiori ventraliter profunde emargi-
nato nec integro, floribus majoribus, foliis caulinis mediis arcte sessilibus
nec breviter petiolatis, preesertim late ellipticis basi cuneatis nec spatulato-
oblanceolatis inferne attenuatis diversa.

Nevapa: denuded alkaline calcareous foothills of the Spotted
Range towards Frenchman Flat, southeastern Nye Co., alt. 3200
ft., 13 May 1941, Ripley & Barneby No. 3427, type, Herb. Calif.
Acad. Sci. No. 286840; between Bonnie Clare and Beatty, Nye
Co., M. F. Gilman No. 2549 (Pomona Coll. Herb.). Catt-
FORNIA: Chloride Cliff, Death Valley, Inyo Co., Jaeger No. 1101
(Pomona).

* Polygala subspinosa var. typica Barneby, nom. nov. P. subspinosa S8.
Wats., Amer. Nat. 7:299 (1873), sensu stricto.

FEBRUARY, 1943] MISCELLANEOUS DIAGNOSES 195

As will be seen from the bibliography already cited, P. sub-
spinosa var. heterorhyncha is the plant which in recent years has
passed as typical among California botanists, but, while in habit
it very closely resembles the type, it may be separated by a number
of significant details, chief among which is the structure of the
keel. In P. subspinosa var. typica the keel is terminated by a
straight or very slightly declined blunt and entire beak which is
1.5—2 mm. in length: the corresponding organ in var. hetero-
rhyncha, on the other hand, is emarginate on the lower side at
about the middle with a deep, rounded notch or fold 0.5—0.75
mm, in diameter, the margins of which are elevated and variously
undulate. The whole beak is usually longer than in the type (up
to 3 mm.) and occasionally a second smaller tooth is produced
near the apex. In drying or in age the beak sometimes becomes
strongly declined and the notch is thereby closed, but in the fresh
flower it is always evident and may be discerned obscurely in
Jaeger’s figure (1. c.). In addition to this peculiarity the flowers
of the variety are larger, 13 mm. long as opposed to a maximum
10.5 mm. in the var. typica, and the broadest cauline leaves, par-
ticularly those subtending the lower branches of the inflorescence,
are perceptibly broader, strictly sessile at the cuneate base, and
inclined to be elliptic in outline rather than oblanceolate or spathu-
late and narrowed to a very short petiole as in all other specimens
examined. Also the fresh herbage of var. heterorhyncha is glau-
cescent, a character often lost in the herbarium. The altitude at
which the variety occurs is considerably lower.

Through the kindness of Miss Eastwood, who loaned all the
material of P. subspinosa at the California Academy together
with authentic specimens of P. lasseniana Heller, it has been
possible, in conjunction with the collections at Pomona College,
to study the species throughout almost its entire known range,
and the following observations have been made. Some variation
is evident in the development and persistence of the spines, the
former attributable probably to the age of the specimens and
the latter to considerations of habitat, for, while plants growing
on barren alkaline slopes or mesas (the usual environment) gener-
ally spring from a subterranean caudex and are truly herbaceous,
those inhabiting stony slopes (e. g., Ripley & Barneby No. 3562)
have an aerial caudex and growing stems intricately enlaced by

196 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. III, NO. 9

the persistent spiny branches of the preceding year. The flowers
are somewhat variable in length (9—11 mm.) and the sepals
may be obtuse, acute or acuminate. The only variation which
has been found to be correlated with distribution, however, is
that of pubescence on the exterior surface of the outer sepals.
In all material from the Navajo Basin, including that from Kanab,
Utah, the sepals are entirely glabrous: west of the Wasatch, how-
ever, and reaching through middle Nevada into Lassen County,
California, occurs a race indistinguishable from the former save
for the fact that the fine hirsutulous pubescence of the herbage
and pedicels extends upwards along the midvein of the outer
sepals, occasionally recurring along the dorsal edge of the upper
petals. To this race belongs P. lasseniana Hel.

In publishing P. lasseniana (Leafl. West. Bot. 2 :230,—1940),
Mr. Heller gave no diagnosis beyond a brief indication that his
species was related to P. acanthoclada A. Gray. No mention was
made of P. subspinosa, but this must surely have been an over-
sight, for, although the plant is connected with P. acanthoclada,
the affinity is comparatively remote, while I find that the isotype
before me (Heller No. 15213) can be distinguished from P. sub-
spinosa of New Mexico and Utah only in the puberulence, some-
times very obscure, of the exterior sepals, and not at all, by any
detail of significance, from Nevada specimens of the species. It
would seem therefore that P. subspinosa, as accepted hitherto,
should be divided into two varieties, var. typica nob. from trans-
montane northern California, Nevada, Utah, and northern Ari-
zona and New Mexico, and var. heterorhyncha which inhabits
a much more restricted area in the deserts of southwestern
Nevada and the adjacent Death Valley region of California. If
it should be found desirable to separate the two races of P. sub-
spinosa var. typica indicated above, the identity of the type, about
which some ambiguity exists in the literature, will have to be
established beyond question. That Watson’s original specific
concept included both forms is evident from the phrase in his
description “sepals naked or ciliate’ and may also be inferred
from the provenance of the three collections (Silver City, Ne-
vada, Kellogg; Arizona, Palmer; Kanab, Mrs. Thompson) from
which the characters of the species were drawn. Dr. Jepson
(Fl. Calif., 1. c.) for unstated reasons took the Ellen Thompson

FEBRUARY, 1943] MISCELLANEOUS DIAGNOSES 197

collection from southern Utah as the type, but, as this is cited
last by Watson, the choice of Kellogg’s gathering from Nevada
as made by Wooton & Standley (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb.
19 :392,—1915) is probably more correct. None of the three
collections has been examined by the writer, but there is little
doubt that at least the Kellogg element will prove to belong to
the race with hirsutulous sepals, and therefore, that P. lasseniana
is exactly synonymous with P. subspinosa var. typica in the most
restricted sense.

Additional stations in California, all from Lassen County,
are indicated by the following specimens in the herbarium of the
Academy: Surprise Valley, Monnet No. 898; south of Secret
Valley on the road from Susanville to Alturas, J. Kelly in 1937.
To the distribution of the species in Nevada as elaborated by
Blake (1941, 1. c.) should be added Lincoln County (Highland
Range, Ripley & Barneby No. 3498).

Cryptantha (Orrocarya) semiglabra Barneby spec. nov. nuculis
acutangulis levissimis Jamesianis Pays. et corolla alba exserta nuculisque
contiguis C. capitate (Eastw.) I. Jtn. manifeste affinis, sed ab ea caulibus
imis sericeo-subtomentosis, foliis superne glabratis nec strigoso-cinereis
basalibus brevioribus in caulina zquilata sursum vix decrescentibus, thyrso
fructifero laxo angusto minime capitato demum 4-plo longiori, calyce minus
accrescenti limboque corollino permagno diversissima.

Herba perennis cespitosa e radice lignosa valida caudiceque ramoso
petiolis foliorum evanidorum persistentibus inferne induto caules brevis-
simos steriles crebre foliatos florigerosque elatos numerosos emittenti orta:
caulibus validis demum circa 2 dm. altis erectis flexuosis sulcatis ad ipsam
basin villis longiusculis sericeis subtomentosis superne strigosis vel inflo-
rescentiam versus setisque horridis pallidis plus minusve dense obsitis:
foliis basalibus in apice caudicis ramulorum congestis erectis oblanceo-
latis, 3—7 cm. longis, 3—6 mm. latis, inferne attenuatis sed imo in petiolum
dilatatum vaginantem abrupte expansis, caulinis numerosis in inflores-
centiam sursum paulo decrescentibus sessilibus latius lanceolatis, omnibus
sepissime conduplicatis, pilis appressis in pustula demum accrescenti crus-
tacea insidentibus subtus strigosis, pagina superiori saturate viridi omnino
glabrata vel ad margines setoso-ciliatas parce strigulosa: racemis numero-
sis pedunculatis paucifloris, in thyrso primum adeo congesto mox elongato
fructifero angusto laxoque 10—14 cm. longo, circa 3 cm. lato, dispositis,
infimis remotiusculis conspicue bracteatis supremis haud raro aliquantulum
cymosis: pedicellis circa 3 mm. longis, ut racemorum axis calycesque setis
1.5—2 mm. longis patule urticaceo-horridis strigosisque: calyce ad an-
thesin circa 9 mm. longo, in lacinias 5 anguste lanceolatas fere ad basin
abrupte obconicam fisso, fructifero ad 12 mm. usque longo accrescenti,
laciniis erectis vel conniventibus nervo valido prominulo percursis: corolle

198 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. III, NO. 9

albze tubo exserto 11—12 mm. longo, 1.75 mm. diametro, sursum vix am-
pliato, limbi saltem 1 cm. lati lobulis suborbicularibus, fornicibus erectis
obtusissimis flavis 1.25 mm. longis obscure papillosis: antheris 1.5 mm.
longis, nunc ad medium tubum nunc in faucibus ipsis affixis: nuculis 4 con-
tiguis ovatis obtusis, 4 mm. longis, stylo persistenti multo superatis, undique
levissimis nitidis griseolis, lateraliter acutangulis vel subalatis, faciebus
dorsali 3 mm. lata, leviter prorsus inflexa, lateralibus 2 mm. latis, cicatrice
arcte clauso 3.25 mm. alto, marginibus haud elevatis.

ARIZONA: on detrital clay hills about 2 miles east of Fredonia,
northern Coconino Co., south of Kanab, Utah, alt. 4900 ft.,
6 May 1942, flor., Ripley & Barneby No. 4363, and ibid., 5 June,
fruct, No. 4829. Types in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., Nos. 300408
and 300409.

Cryptantha senuglabra has the white corolla with tube ex-
serted from the calyx and the smooth and shining, ovate, con-
tiguous nutlets which together characterize C. capitata (Eastw.)
I. Jtn. (Oreocarya capitata Eastw.), a species known only from
the Grand Canyon of the Colorado and evidently its nearest
relative. Through the generosity of Miss Eastwood the writer
has had the opportunity of examining three sheets of the latter,
including the type, Eastwood No. 5969, and cotype, Eastwood
& Howell No. 1005, and a careful comparison has shown that,
although closely allied, C. capitata and C. semiglabra differ in sev-
eral important particulars. The most immediately striking differ-
ence lies in the distribution of the pubescence. In C. semiglabra
the base of the stems and the uppermost parts of the caudex-
branches are densely clothed in long, fine, silky hairs which be-
come somewhat matted and hence subtomentose; the stems are
strigose and become setose in the inflorescence ; the lower surface
of the leaves is coarsely strigose with stout trichomes seated upon
a pustular, at length enlarged and crustaceous base, while the
upper surface is glabrous or bears a few closely appressed filiform
hairs toward the hispid-ciliate margins. In C. capitata, on the
other hand, the base of the stem is not at all tomentose nor more
markedly pubescent than the extremities, and the leaves are uni-
formly canescent-strigose above. The shining green upper sur-
face of the leaves of C. semiglabra, as recognized in the specific
epithet, gives a characteristic aspect to the plant, but it can
scarcely be regarded as of the first importance when it is re-
membered that the allied C. Jamesu (Torr.) Pays. varies in the

FEBRUARY, 1943] MISCELLANEOUS DIAGNOSES 199

same respect into an extreme and similarly glabrate form which
has been described as Oreocarya pustulosa Rydb., and more
reliance has been placed on other criteria.

In C. capitata the flowers are loosely congested into an in-
conspicuously bracteate, head-like, cymose glomerule about 2 cm.
in diameter, sometimes with one or two depauperate axillary
racemes below, but in any case, even in fruit, the inflorescence
does not exceed 3 cm. in length. The fruiting inflorescence of
C. semiglabra, however, is a long narrow thyrsus of pedunculate,
few-flowered scorpioid racemes, reaching a minimum length of
10 cm. at maturity and conspicuously leafy-bracted in the lower
half. The leaves of C. capitata are linear-lanceolate, the broadest
and longest being those clustered on the rootstock, while in ours
the lanceolate cauline leaves are quite as broad and nearly as
long as the basal, more numerous than in C. capitata and scarcely
diminishing upwards as in that species. In addition C. semt-
glabra differs in the dimensions of the less markedly accrescent
calyx, as well as in the broader limb of the corolla.

The flowers of C. semiglabra, as in many species of Oreo-
carya, are dimorphic in respect to the insertion of the stamens.
In most of our specimens the anthers are attached at a point on
the corolla-tube a little above or nearly at the middle, but in a
few they are placed just within the orifice of the throat and
immediately below the fornices. The tube itself is also somewhat
variable in length, with limits of about 9 and 12 mm., but this
is not correlated with the position of the stamens.

Cryptantha semiglabra was found quite locally in the bad-
lands east of Fredonia where it occurs on sterile red hills, in
gullies or on steep clay banks, associated with C. echinotdes
(M. E. Jones) Pays., the common Oreocarya of the region,
Asclepias cryptoceras S. Wats., Astragalus Pattersonu A. Gray
and Phacelia Palmeri Torr. All these species are commonly con-
fined to stiff detrital soils of rather high alkaline content, and
the Cryptantha is no doubt adapted to the same conditions.

Gilia salticola Eastwood, nom. nov. This name is suggested
to replace G. alpina Eastwood, Leafl. West. Bot. 2: 282 (1940),
which is a later homonym of G. alpina (Wedd.) Brand, Das
Pflanzenr. 1V. 250: 107 (1907) .—Alice Eastwood.

200 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. 9

FURTHER STUDIES IN ERIOGONUM—V
BY SUSAN G, STOKES

Eriogonum fulvum Stokes, spec. nov. Subhirsutum; caudice ligneo,
ramoso, tecto basibus marcescentibus petiolorum; foliis confertis, rosulatis,
dense pubescentibus, laminis ovalibus, multo brevioribus petiolis ; pedunculis
pubescentibus, 1.5—2.5 dm. altis, ferentibus radios paucos et unum sessile
involucrum in axillis radiorum; involucris turbinatis, breviter dentatis,
dense et persistente fulvo-pubescentibus, non tomentosis; floribus eburneis
vel roseis, glabris, sessilibus, basi angustatis, segmentis perianthii late ob-
ovatis vel ellipticis, 2—3 mm. longis.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 221423, collected at Bickle-
ton, Washington, June 29, 1930, by M. E. Jones, No. 25225.
A duplicate of the same collection is in the Dudley Herbarium,
Stanford University. Branching at the base, it is not unlike
E. ovalifolium Nutt. from which it differs in the character of
the pubescence, the shape of the flowers, the divisions of the
perianth, and the mode of branching of the rays which curve
upward.

Eriogonum chrysocephalum Gray subsp. bannockense Stokes, subsp.
nov. Perenne, dense cespitosum ex radice lignea; caudice congesto multis
ramis brevibus et foliis erectis; foliis numerosis, lineari-lanceolatis,
circa 2—7 cm. longis, petiolis 5—20 mm. longis; pedunculis solis ex ramis
caudicum, gracilibus, erectis, 10—15 cm. altis; involucris capitatis, ses-
silibus, bracteatis, bracteis angustis, acutis, tomentosis, membranaceis, turbi-
natis longe dentatis ; floribus flavescentibus, glabris, in juventute turbinatis,
in senectute obtusis et crassioribus.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 300415, collected May 26,
1939, at Pocatello, Bannock Co., Idaho, by Prof. Ray J. Davis,
No. &42, Another specimen, Davis No. 2000, was collected June
26, 1940, at “dry hill point 7 miles northwest of Pocatello, range
34 east, township 8 south.’”’ It is not infrequent in collections
from Idaho.

Eriogonum Davisianum Stokes, spec. nov. Caudex perennis, ramosus,
tectus basibus marcescentibus petiolorum; foliis 5—6 cm. longis, tomen-
tosis, laminis ellipticis ad ovato-orbiculatis, apice obtusis, basi cuneatis,
petiolis gracilibus, 3—6 cm. longis ; pedunculis 1 ad pluribus ex ramis caudi-
cum, 1.5—3 cm. altis; involucris capitatis, turbinatis, breviter dentatis,
dentibus circa 3 mm. longis, bracteatis, pubescentibus, bracteis 3—6 mm.
longis; floribus numerosis, flavescentibus, roseo-tinctis, 2—2.5 mm. longis,
glabris, segmentis perianthii elliptico-obovatis, nonnihil gibbosis.

Type: Herb. Univ. Idaho, collected May 24, 1940, by
S. Garrett at St. Anthony, Fremont Co., Idaho, and submitted

FEBRUARY, 1943] FURTHER STUDIES IN ERIOGONUM 201

by Prof. Ray J. Davis of the Southern Branch of the University
of Idaho, Pocatello.

This suggests E. pyrolefolium var. corypheum T. & G., but
the pubescence is different and the flowers are glabrous. It
appears to be the northern Rocky Mountain representative of
that line which has followed a different climatic combination and
been well isolated. In other ways it suggests EF. latens Jepson,
in which the flowers are attenuate at base.

Eriogonum nodosum Small subsp. monoense Stokes, subsp. nov.
Perenne, amplum multis ramis intricatis et divaricatis suberectis, przter
flores omnino dense floccoso-tomentosum ; pedunculis multo et obtuse ramo-
sis; bracteis parvis, acutis; foliis late ovatis, 1—3 cm. longis et paulo an-
gustioribus, petiolis brevioribus; involucris sessilibus, solis in axillis, apice
ramulorum subcapitatis et dense confertis, dentibus invertis, majoribus
2 mm. diametro; floribus 1.5—2 mm. longis, fere inclusis in involucris,
basi obtusis, segmentis perianthii obtusis, pallidis.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 298959, collected Aug. 7,
1938, at the summit of the Sherwin Grade, Mono County, Cali-
fornia, by J. T. Howell, No. 14362. It was collected also by
Mark Kerr, No. 453, on Mt. Whitney Road, 6000 ft. elev. The
subspecies is founded upon the small involucres and flowers and
the subcapitate arrangement of the involucres.

Eriogonum saxatile Wats. subsp. multicaule Stokes, subsp. nov.
Caudex czspitosus robustus, ligneus, multo ramosus ramis validis; foliis
dense rosulatis, albo-tomentosis, ovatis, circa 1 cm. longis, longioribus
petiolis; pedunculis numerosis (30—40), 6—12 cm. altis, radiis circa 2,
virgatis, terminantibus in umbellis sessilibus, tectis bracteis; floribus
numerosis, pallidis, stipitatis; segmentis perianthii 7 mm. longis, anguste
ovatis, medio rubro-nervatis, anguste alatis vel callosis ad stipitem.

Type: Herb. Univ. Calif., collected by Annie M. Alexander
and Louise A. Kellogg, No. 2478A, on Gold Mountain, Esmeralda
County, Nevada. It grew with E. ovalifolinm Nutt. In habit,
profuse branching, and low inflorescence it differs from FE. saxa-
tile; but it exactly resembles the species in leaves, pubescence,
bracts, involucres, and flowers.

Eriogonum pratense Stokes, spec. nov. Annuum, nanum, diffuse ramo-
sum ex basi et supra ramis recurvatis gracilibus; internodiis inferioribus
2—3 cm. longis, superioribus brevissimis; foliis basi confertis, lineari-
lanceolatis, 5—10 mm. longis, tenuibus, villosis ; inflorescentia late et multo
ramosa; involucris glandulosis, in axillis superioribus brevi-pedunculatis ;
pedunculis involucrorum inferiorum 5—10 mm. longis; breve tempore flori-
bus apertis, 2 mm. longis, cito floribus clausis, ovatis ; segmentis perianthii
pubescentibus, involutis, albis, rubiginoso-punctatis ; antheris nigris.

202 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. lI, NO. 9

Type: Herb. Univ. Calif., collected Aug. 21, 1942, by Annie
M. Alexander and Louise A. Kellogg, No. 3357, on Cottonwood
Creek, Inyo County, California, elev. 10,200 ft., where it occurred
“on the outer edge of meadows growing thickly in small areas.”
This species is closely related to E. spergulinum Gray, but is quite
distinct in floral character and short internodes. In outline the
individual plants are much wider than high.

NEW WESTERN LUPINES
BY ALICE EASTWOOD

Lupinus antoninus Eastwood, spec. nov. Decumbens, tomentosus et
pilosus ubicumque pilis albis et divaricatis; caulibus principibus circa 3—5
dm. longis ramulis pluribus brevibus foliosis; foliolis 5—7 lineari-lanceo-
latis, conduplicatis, falcatis, inferiore facie densius pilosis, maximis circa
2—5 cm. longis, 4 mm. latis, acutis, petiolis plerumque brevioribus foliolis ;
racemis terminantibus ramos vix superantibus folia, 1—1.5 dm. longis, dense
floriferis, pedunculis 2—3 cm. longis, bracteis persistentibus, longioribus
pedicellis, pedicellis circa 3—5 mm. longis; floribus circa 15 mm. longis,
albis fulvis breve tempore; calyce basi gibboso, circa 2.5 mm. lato, labio
superiore oblongo, 4 mm. longo apice bidentato, labio inferiore lanceolato,
falcato, 1 cm. longo, apice obtuso; vexillo paululum breviore alis, glabro,
margine crispo, reflexo, ovato-orbiculato, 9 mm. longo et lato; alis circa
1 cm. longis, 5 mm. latis, stipite brevissimo; carina glabra, medio 4 mm.
lata, apice obtusa, dorso et apice non tecta alis.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No, 300988, collected July 10,
1941, on Anthony Peak, between Mendocino and Tehama coun-
ties, California, by Eastwood and Howell, No. 9840.

This is another member of the puzzling L. formosus group.
The white flowers that become tawny almost as soon as they
bloom mark it as distinct.

Lupinus Munzii Eastwood, spec. nov. Caulis basi sine foliis et nudus,
perennis, striatus, adpresse sericeus villis tenuibus et sparsis, erecto-ramosus
et foliosus; foliolis 7—9, conduplicatis, inzequalibus, oblongo-linearibus,
acutis, adpresse tenuiter sericeis supra et infra, maximis 4.5 cm. longis,
8 mm. latis, petiolis gracilibus adpresso-sericeis, inferioribus longioribus
foliolis, superioribus brevioribus ; stipulis infimis adnatis 4, parte libera fili-
formi, 5 mm. longa; racemis laxe subverticillatis, brevi-pedunculatis, pedi-
cellis 2 mm. longis, adpresso-sericeis ; calyce bracteolato, basi gibboso, 1.5
mm. lato, labio superiore circa 4 mm. longo, basi 3 mm. lato, apice bisecto
2 mm., labio inferiore 4.5 mm. longo, lanceolato, obtuso; floribus circa 1 cm.
longis, vexillo circa 10 mm. longo et lato, prope basin sericeo et luteo, supra

FEBRUARY, 1943] © NEW WESTERN LUPINES 203

pallido-czeruleo ; alis pallido-ceruleis, 5 mm. latis, equilongis vexillo, stipite
1 mm. longo; carina medio 4 mm. lata et ciliata.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 253732, collected July 7,
1937, upper Wild Rose Canyon in Thorndyke’s canyon, Pana-
mint Mountains, Inyo County, California, by Philip A. Munz,
No. 14818a. This is allied to L. laxiflorus Dougl., differing in
stems leafless and naked at base, the gibbous base of the calyx,
the longer calyx-divisions, and the color of the broader flowers.
It is compared with a photograph and notes of the type taken
by the author in Lindley’s Herbarium, Cambridge University,
England.

Lupinus rubro-soli Eastwood, spec. nov. Nanus czspitosus, omnino
laxe adpresse sericeo-pilosus ; caudice ramoso ex radice longa, gracili, sim-
plici; foliis totis radicalibus, foliolis 7 vel 8, oblanceolatis, maximis circa
11 mm. longis, 2 mm. latis, equaliter pilosis supra et infra, superantibus
scapos; stipulis adnatis petiolis, gracilibus, 2—7 mm. longis; racemis brevi-
bus et dense floriferis, bracteis linearibus attenuatis brevioribus calycibus,
pedicellis 1—2 mm. longis; calyce 4 mm. longo, tubo 1 mm. longo, basi
obtuso, labio superiore oblongo, 2 mm. longo et lato, bisecto %4, labio in-
feriore zquilongo, lanceolato, obtuso; corolla purpurea, 8 mm. longa;
vexillo subelliptico, 7 mm. longo, 4 mm. lato, glabro, medio leviter punctato ;
alis equilongis, 2.5 mm. latis, stipite 1 mm. longo; carina circa 6 mm. longa,
erecta, curvata, dense villoso-ciliata ex medio ad apicem, stipite 1 mm.
longo.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 301107, collected June 21,
1937, on Red Mountain, Mendocino County, California, by
Eastwood and Howell, No. 4674.

This is the Red Mountain on the boundary between Mendo-
cino and Humboldt counties and so-called because of the red
soil that colors every herb that grows thereon. Lupinus rubro-
soli filled a low meadow near the summit and gave a beautiful
color to the area. It seems to belong to the L. Lyallii group, but
is a distinct entity.

Lupinus salticola Eastwood, spec. nov. Caules ramosi ex basi et supra,
omnino dense villosi villis albis tenuibus divaricatis et adpressis; foliolis
6—8, oblanceolatis, maximis circa 2 cm. longis, 4 mm. latis, mucronatis,
supra minus villosis, brevioribus petiolis; stipulis filiformibus, 3—5 mm.
longis, villosis; racemis fere 2 dm. longis, terminantibus ramos, pedunculis
3—4 cm. longis, plerumque superantibus folia, pedicellis divaricatis, 3—4
mm. longis, bracteis caducis, circa equalibus pedicellis ; floribus verticillatis
vel laxis, ceruleo-purpureis, circa 1 cm. longis; calyce basi obtuso, labio
superiore 4 mm. longo, oblongo tridentato, labio inferiore paulo longiore,
lanceolato, obtuso; vexillo late obovato 10 mm. lato, circa 9 mm. longo,

204 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. III, NO. 9

dorso glabro, prope apicem purpureo-maculato, infra albo, margine crispo,
separatim alis 4 mm.; alis lilacinis, 1 cm. longis, 8 mm. latis, exteriore
paulo villosis ; carina curvata, ventro glabra, dorso paulo villosa, tecta alis.

Type: Herb, Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 293870, collected May
16, 1941, on the west side of Walker Pass near the summit by
Eastwood and Howell, No. 9634.

This beautiful lupine is one of the smaller-flowered species
belonging to the group with strongly curved glabrous keel and
villous pubescence. Generally they grow in clumps and are often
somewhat decumbent. They are summer-bloomers. This is per-
haps nearest to L. lilacinus Heller (Leafl. West. Bot. 2: 280,—
1940).

Lupinus uncialis Wats. var. cryptanthus Eastwood, var. nov. Differt:
floribus occultis foliis.

Type: (Herb) ‘Galift.\/Acad. Sc No. 301104) collectedmae
Current Creek, Nye County, Nevada, by Eastwood and Howell,
No. 9402, May 14, 1941.

We almost missed collecting this tiny lupine, as the flowers
were completely hidden by the leaves. The plants resembled the
tiny mats or rosulate clusters of leaves of a plant yet to flower.

Lupinus VanDykez Eastwood, spec. nov. Caulis basi sine foliis et
nudus, supra foliosus, perennis circa 6 dm. altus, simplex vel ramos abor-
tivos ferens, sparse adpresso-pubescens; foliolis 7 vel 8, anguste oblongo-
linearibus, acutis, conduplicatis, supra glabris, infra adpresso-sericeis, maxi-
mis 3—4 cm. longis, 8 mm. latis, petiolis gracilibus, adpresso-sericeis,
infimis longioribus foliolis, supremis brevioribus, stipulis filiformibus, basi
adnatis; floribus circa 1 cm. longis et latis czerulescentibus, dense verti-
cillatis in racemis terminalibus, brevi-pedunculatis, pedicellis circa 3 mm.
longis ; calyce adpresso-sericeo, basi 2 mm. lato, gibboso vel subcalcarato,
labio superiore deltoideo, circa 3 mm. longo, apice bidentato, labio inferiore
lanceolato, 5 mm. longo, obtuso ; vexillo glabro, reflexo, czerulescente, medio
aurantiaco, 10 mm. lato et longo, stipite lato 2 mm. longo; alis 11 mm.
longis, 5 mm. latis, stipite 2mm. longo; carina falcata, ciliata supra medium,
tecta alis, apice purpurea, 3 mm. lata medio.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No, 180231, collected June 30;
1930, near the east entrance to Glacier National Park, Montana,
by the late Mrs. E. C. Van Dyke in whose honor it is named.
Mrs. Van Dyke collected plants for the California Academy of
Sciences while Dr. Van Dyke collected insects. I have great
pleasure in giving this lovely lupine her name.

FEBRUARY, 1943 | PLANTAE OCCIDENTALES 205

PLANT OCCIDENTALES—III
BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

Chorizanthe Thurberi (Gray) Wats. var. macrotheca J. T. Howell,
var. nov. A specie differt : involucris majoribus (ad 9 mm. longis et latis)
et conspicue venulosis.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 84941, collected at Alcalde,
western Fresno Co., California, by Alice Eastwood, on May 9,
1893. Also known from a collection made in the Griswold Hills,
southeastern San Benito Co., by Gregory S. Lyon (No. 796), on
May 10, 1936.

Although this variety seems to differ only in the larger size
of its veiny involucres, it is very different in appearance from
the species and is entirely worthy of a name. The species is
common enough in the Mohave Desert and has also been collected
on the western slope of the mountains at the head of the San
Joaquin Valley, but the variety undoubtedly represents a geo-
graphic segregate peculiar to the hills bordering the west side of
the San Joaquin Valley in one of California’s distinctive floristic
provinces. That the plant must be rare there, however, is evi-
denced by the fact that, until now, it has been known in the litera-
ture from only a single collection (cf. Zoe 4:158).

Eriogonum zionis J. T. Howell var. coccineum J. T. Howell, var.
nov. A var. typico* per flores majores (ad 5 cm. longos) et speciosissime
coccineo-tintos abludens.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 293860, collected at Point
Sublime on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Coconino Co.,
Arizona, by Dr. Harold C. Bryant, Aug. 21, 1941. According
to Dr. Bryant, this variety has also been found on the South Rim.

The scarlet flowers of this canyon buckwheat are in startling
contrast to the drab greenish-yellow flowers of the typical Zion
buckwheat and indicates a distinguished variant that should be
recognized by name. The larger flowers of var. coccineum might
appear at first to connect E. zionts too closely with E. racemosum
Nutt., but the peculiarities of floral structure that were used to
distinguish the Zion buckwheat originally are to be found in the
flowers of var. coccineum. Also the variety has the glabrous
upwardly inflated stems that give to the Zion buckwheat its dis-
tinctive appearance.

* Eriogonum zionis var. typicum J. T. Howell, nom. nov. B#. zionis J. T.
Howell, Leafl. West. Bot. 2:253 (1940).

206 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. III, NO. 9

Limnanthes Bakeri J. T. Howell, spec. nov. Herba flaccida glaber-
rima levis erecta plerumque simplex ex basi et supra vel 1- vel 2-ramosa,
1—2 dm. alta, sparse foliosa internodiis elongatis ; foliis inferioribus erectis,
longe petiolatis et 5-foliolatis, petiolis ad 1 dm. longis, foliolis ellipticis
usque ad ovatis, 1—1.5 cm. longis, 0.5—0.7 cm. latis, integerrimis vel raris-
sime unidentatis, obtusis vel subacutis, basi late cuneatis et interdum breviter
petiolulatis, foliis superioribus vel 3-foliolatis vel simplicibus, brevipetio-
latis subsessilibusve ; floribus axillaribus in pedunculis divaricate patentibus
ad 1 dm. longis infra; sepalis ovato-lanceolatis, 5—8 mm. longis, 2—3.5
mm. latis; petalis subcuneiformibus, 6—9 mm. longis, 3—4 mm. latis, sub-
truncatis vel paulum emarginatis, apice crasse ad sublaciniate denticulatis,
angustatis sensim infra sed basibus haud unguiculatis, albis supra dilute
citrinis et pellucide venosis infra, intrinsecus pilos dispersos longos (2—3
mm.) ferentibus supra, ad basin seepe duabus v-formibus lineis pilorum
breviorum ornatis; staminibus 2—3.5 mm. longis, antheris prope 1 mm.
longis; stylo 2—3.5 mm. longo; nucula obovata, 2—3 mm. longa, apice
processis tenuibus subacutis dense tuberculata.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 301275, collected about
3 miles north of Willits, Mendocino Co., California, by Milo S.
Baker, No. 9538, Apr. 15, 1940. A second collection, M.S. Baker
No. 9939, was made on Apr. 8, 1941, “1.2 miles north of Willits
High School west of the highway.”

Because of the leaves with few broad prevailingly obtuse
leaflets (or leaf-divisions), L. Bakeri presents an appearance
different from any known species and it may be distinguished
by this obvious character. From the widespread and variable
L. Douglasu R. Br., near which it grew according to Mr. Baker,
it may be further distinguished not only in the character of its
fruit but also in its much shorter stamens and styles, these barely
exceeding the top of the nutlets. From the point of view of
relationship it seems to be nearer L. gracilis Howell and L. striata
Jeps., other species with relatively short stamens and styles, differ-
ing from the former in its brownish more densely tuberculate
nutlets and more abundantly hairy petals, and from the latter
in its differently shaped flowers and pellucidly nerved petals with
broader more sparsely hairy base.

Phacelia Leonis J. T. Howell, spec. nov. Herba annua pumila erecta
glandulosa hirsutulaque, 2—12 cm. alta, caulibus sepe elongatis infra folia
prima foliacea pauci-ramosis supra; foliis linearibus ad lineari-oblongis
vel lineari-lanceolatis, 0.5—3 cm. longis, 1—4 mm. latis, hirsutulis et
capitato-glandulosis, integerrimis, acutis, basi anguste cuneato-attenutis in
petiolum anguste marginatum circa 3 mm. longum; racemis 1—9 cm. longis,

FEBRUARY, 1943] PLANT OCCIDENTALES 207

plerumque paulum patentibus non flexuosis, floribus approximatis vel
paulum distantibus, pedicellis 1—2 mm. longis vel brevioribus; segmentis
calycis circa 2 mm. longis et 0.5—1 mm. latis ad anthesin, in fructu valde
inzequalibus 4—7 mm. longis, 0.5—1.2 mm. latis, linearibus ad oblanceolatis,
glanduloso-hirsutulis ; corolla lilacina, aperte campanulata, 2—3 mm. longa,
tubo 1 mm. longo, lobis tenuiter crenulatis ; squamis minutis, circa 0.5 mm.
longis, marginibus liberis connatisve, interdum obsolescentibus ; staminibus
1.75—2 mm. longis, filamentis glabris vel tenuiter et sparse pilosiusculis,
antheris circa 0.25 mm. longis; stylo et ramis 2 mm. longis, ramis 1.3 mm.
longis vel prope distinctis ad basin, stylo glabro; ovario sparse longe piloso
et glanduloso, 0.6 mm. longo, ovulis 6—8; capsula late elliptica, 3—3.5 mm.
longa, 2—2.5 mm. lata, obtusa, breviter apiculata, hirsutula et sparse
capitato-glandulosa prope apicem; seminibus subovatis, 1.75 mm. longis,
paulum grosse foveolatis.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 291857, collected on an
open slope at the summit of the Siskiyou Mts. on the Takilma-
Happy Camp road, Siskiyou Co., California, alt. 5,500 ft., July 6,
1939, by C. Leo Hitchcock and J. P. Martin, No. 5217. Dupl.
in Herb. Univ. Wash.

This little phacelia is known only from the mountains of
northern California and is apparently restricted to the geologically
significant Siskiyou highland. It is most closely related to
P. Pringlei Gray but is readily distinguished from that species,
which is also a narrow endemic in the same region, by its much
smaller and differently shaped flowers. It is a real pleasure to
name this interesting little plant for my friend, Prof. C. L.
Hitchcock, Chairman, Department of Botany, University of
Washington.

Cordylanthus nidularius J. T. Howell, spec. nov. Herba prostrata
viscido-glandulosa purpureo-viridis, caulibus ramosis ex basi, gracilibus,
1—4 dm. longis, pubescentibus pilis patentibus viscidulis paululum odoratis
et pilis multo brevioribus retrosis non glandulosis; foliis caulinis anguste
linearibus, 1—5 cm. longis, ad 2 mm. latis, integerrimis vel lobos lineares
1 vel 2 ferentibus, foliis supremis 3-fidis flores subtendentibus et bracteis
similibus; floribus plus minusve dispersis in ramulis vel laxe aggregatis
apicibus, erectis, bracteis 1.5 cm. longis, 3-fidis, viscidulo-pilosis, segmentis
anguste linearibus, apice paulum dilatatis et glanduloso-callosis, 1—1.2
cm. longis, lateralibus medio 1 mm. brevioribus; calyce diphyllo, segmentis
purpureo-nervatis, 6 mm. longis, 3 mm. latis, segmento superiore lanceo-
lato apiculate acuto, inferiore oblongo-lanceolato, obtuso, 7-nervato ; corolla
alba vel lilacino-tincta, 13—15 mm. longis, labiis equilongis, labio inferiore
roseo-purpureo-striato, tubo 5 mm. longo, fauce 4 mm. longa; stamini-
bus 4, filamentis capitellato-ampliatis apice, antheris 2-locularibus ; capsula
7 mm. longa; seminibus triangulari-ovatis, dorso rugulosis.

208 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 9

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 300508, collected on the
serpentine slope northeast of Deer Flat, north side of Mt. Diablo,
Contra Costa Co., California, by J. T. Howell, No. 17044, July
19, 1942.

This striking accession to the so-called “bird’s-beaks” is
clearly allied to those entities related to C. pilosus Gray, and,
following Mrs. Ferris’ clear straightforward treatment of the
group (Taxonomy and distribution of Adenostegia, Bull. Torr.
Bot. Club 45 :399—423, pl. 10—12,—1918), I have accepted it
as a species. According to her key to the species of Adenostegia
§ Euadenostegia (p. 403), C. nidularius is most nearly related
to Adenostegia viscida Howell [C. viscidus (Howell) Pennell].
From that species of northern California and southwestern Ore-
gon, the Mt. Diablo plant differs in habit, in the more densely
glandular-pilose pubescence especially in the inflorescence, and
in the veining of the calyx-segments, as well as in minor vari-
ations of size of parts.

Cordylanthus nidularius was very abundant on the limited
serpentine flats where it was discovered and the interlacing
branches of the numerous plants formed unbroken mats over
much of the area. And what a strange mat it formed with its
numerous erect flowers looking like nothing so much as the jowly
uplifted heads of hungry nestlings expecting food! Associated
with the rare cordylanthus were Streptanthus glandulosus Hook.,
Linum Breweri Gray, Monardella Douglas Benth., and Navar-
retia mellita Greene.

A New ALIEN IN CALIFORNIA. In a limited area near the
Blair Grove on the Redwood Highway in Humboldt County,
I collected Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link on July 8, 1942. It
was growing vigorously and may become a pest as the seeds are
like burs. This is the first record from California. It has prob-
ably spread from Oregon, where Mr. Howell and I collected it,
June 3, 1936, No. 2826, near Roseburg, Douglas County. Dr.
Helen M. Gilkey, in her “Handbook of Northwest Flowering
Plants,” has reported it as sparingly introduced in Oregon, but
it is not in Morton E. Peck’s “A. Manual of the Higher Plants
of Oregon.”—Alice Eastwood.

Vo.. III

LEAFLETS
of

- 19

WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS

The Names of the Giant Sequoia
WitiiaM A. Dayton

Some Veronicas in Golden Gate Park
ALIcE Eastwoop

The Correct Name for the Pacific Involucrate Trifolium
JosEpH Ewan

Marin County Miscellany—I
JoHN THomas Howe.

Notes on Chorizanthe
GeorGE J. GOODMAN

New Varieties of Western Plants—III
Joun THomas Howe.

This number published with funds from the
California Botanical Club

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
Apri 30, 1943

225

230

230

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the
native flora of western North America, appearing about four
times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single
numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco,
California.

Cited as

LEAFL. WEsT. Bort.

RUE PU UU A

pig
INCHES

plvngarag toner aggaayyoveguanape agave angus cape ange

Owned and published by

A.ice Eastwoop and JoHN THomas Howe.

wey ta

ay. er a Se

APRIL, 1943] NAMES OF THE GIANT SEQUOIA 209

THE NAMES OF THE GIANT SEQUOIA
A Discussion
BY WILLIAM A, DAYTON

In charge, Dendrology and Range Forage Investigations,
U. S. Forest Service

The synonymy of the botanical name of the giant sequoia,
or bigtree, has been so fully set forth by others (for example,
in terminal bibliography see 4, 14, 17, 18, 23) that there is no
need to repeat it here. The fact remains, however, that four
different Latin names are at present in vogue for this largest,
oldest and, in some respects, most remarkable of trees: Sequoia
gigantea (Lindl.) Dec., Sequoia Washingtoniana (Winsl.)
Sudw., Sequoia Wellingtonia Seem., and Sequoiadendron gigan-
teum (Lindl.) Buchh.

The name Sequoia Washingtoniana (Winsl.) Sudw. origi-
nated with the United States Forest Service, that name having
been used by the late George B. Sudworth, Dendrologist of the
Forest Service until his death in 1927 (17, 18, 19, 20). Some
other authors (3, 6, 7, 22), following the lead of the Federal
Forest Service, also use Sequoia Washingtoniana. Forest Service
regulations require that the nomenclature of Sudworth’s Check
List (20) be followed in all publications and reports of the
Service. However, as a result of recommendations made by the
U. S. Department of Agriculture’s Committee on Plant Names,
the Secretary of Agriculture issued an order on April 30, 1940,
requiring that the Department follow International Rules of
Botanical Nomenclature. No one, I believe, has disputed Buch-
holz’ statement (4) that the name Sequoia Washingtoniana
(Winsl.) Sudw. is untenable under International Rules. Also,
no one denies that Sequoia gigantea (Lindl.) Dec., being a
homonym, is untenable under present International Rules. That
leaves us with two names valid under Rules: Sequoia Welling-
tonia Seem., a name I recall having seen in only one American
tree or botanical book and that one 47 years old (14), and
Sequotadendron giganteum (Lindl.) Buchh., used by Buchholz,
Rehder, and Bailey (4, 13, 2). Unfortunately, however, we are
not faced alone by a choice between these two names, but by the
fact that the name Sequoia gigantea not only continues to survive
but is, far and away, the generally used scientific name for

* Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. III, pp. 209-232, April 30, 1943.

210 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VoL. III, NO. 10

this tree. Indeed, the National Park Service, which has almost
exclusive custody of this tree, has formally adopted the name
Sequoia gigantea for it. Abrams, Collingwood, Jepson, McMinn
and Maino, and Sargent in their well-known manuals (1, 5, 8,
10, 15) use Sequoia gigantea. And to this agree the more popular
works, such as those of Whitney (23) and Shirley (16).

In connection with my work on the new edition of “Standard-
ized Plant Names’’ (9), it seemed desirable to circularize Cali-
fornia botanists, using for that purpose the directory of the
American Society of Plant Taxonomists, with the following
question :

“What are California botanists (presumably following Inter-
national Rules) now calling the Giant Sequoia, or Bigtree:

1. Sequoiadendron giganteum

2. Sequoia Washingtoniana (very doubtfully tenable)
3. Sequoia Wellingtonia

4. Sequoia gigantea (a homonym, of course) ?”

To the above inquiry, 29 replies were received from the
following botanists: Prof. W. E. Allen, Prof. E. B. Babcock,
Dr. Rimo Bacigalupi, Prof. Lyman Benson, Mrs. H. P. Bracelin,
Dr. Jens Clausen, Mr. Ira W. Clokey, Prof. Lincoln Constance,
the late Miss Ethel Crum, Dr. Easter E. Cupp, Miss Alice East-
wood, Prof. Carl Epling, Mrs. Roxana S. Ferris, Dr. Doris
Kildale Gillespie, Mrs. Dorothy R. Harvey, Dr. William M.
Hiesey, Mr. John Thomas Howell, Prof. W. L. Jepson, Prof.
Arthur M. Johnson, Dr. David D. Keck, Prof. H. E. McMinn,
Prof. P. A. Munz, Mr. Donald Culross Peattie, Mr. Lewis S.
Rose, Miss Beryl O. Schreiber (now Mrs. Holger J. Jesperson),
Prof. G. Ledyard Stebbins, Jr., Dr. Louis C. Wheeler, and Prof.
Ira L. Wiggins. My warm thanks are extended to these botanists
for their gracious and kind coéperation.

I realize fully that scientific truth is not determined by
majority votes (alas, human experience demonstrates that the
factual is frequently adhered to by the minority only). Never-
theless, the replies received contain so much of interest that it
seems desirable to record the results, and particularly so since
so many who replied have requested that that be done. To make
the record more complete, it is regretted that, even after two
requests, no reply was received from nine of the botanists ad-

APRIL, 1943] NAMES OF THE GIANT SEQUOIA 211

dressed including, alas, four or five of the most distinguished
systematists of the State. The letter addressed to one of these
nine people, Miss Florence S. Youngberg, at Pomona College,
Claremont, California, was returned by the postal authorities
marked “unclaimed” and “moved; left no address.’”’ One reply
received immersed me in embarrassment, the poor man explain-
ing that he was writing it on a hospital bed. I hereby convey my
sincere apologies to any of the botanists I did not hear from if
I impertinently insinuated myself under untoward circumstances,
such as illness, childbirth, sabbatical leave, or a honeymoon.
Of the 29 replies received:

24 state definitely that California botanists generally con-
tinue to call this tree Sequoia gigantea;

10 are definitely opposed to accepting Sequotadendron as
a valid genus ;

8 definitely state that they would like to see the name
Sequoia gigantea conserved (although that question
was not asked) ;

3 favor adoption of Sequoiadendron, but 2 of these
“provisionally” ;

3 are noncommittal about any of these names;

2 express themselves as having “no personal objection”
to accepting Sequoia Wellingtonia;

2 feel unprepared or unqualified to express an opinion.

With the permission’ of the respective authors, there is
quoted below, arranged alphabetically by the authors’ surnames,

what seem to be the most significant parts of twenty of the letters
received :

“I have never seen or heard any name except Sequoia gigantea. Two
of the younger men here have the same experience” (Prof. W. E. Allen).

“Personally, I have no objection to the binomial Sequoia Wellingtonia,
rejected for the most part I suspect on chauvinistic grounds, although it is
the earliest name that may, beyond the slightest shadow of doubt, stand as
tenable. But the specific question seems to be: What are California bota-
nists now calling the Giant Sequoia or Bigtree? As far as my experience
goes, they are still calling it by the unlawful name, Sequoia gigantea” (Dr.
Rimo Bacigalupi).

“In my opinion Buchholz gave apparently ample support for the segre-
gation of Sequoiadendron by his list of characters published in the American

1 With this permission, however, has gone the deletion of the more spicy

parts of some of the original communications; this, though understandable
enough, is regretted for the sake of the general reader!

212 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. IO

Journal of Botany. My interpretation of genera and species is decidedly
conservative. However, it seems to me that Buchholz has done a fine piece
of research and that he has shown probably a clear need for the segregation
proposed. I presume that many botanists, and laymen alike, will stick to
the name Sequoia gigantea since it has been used so long, but retention of
it may be against the best evidence we have concerning the correct classifi-
cation of the tree. However, this matter is not one for us to attempt to
settle in our armchairs, and it is to be attacked not only by study of living
material but fossil as well. It is possible that despite the many differences
in the two redwoods the gap between them may be bridged completely as
more prehistoric material becomes available” (Prof. Lyman Benson).

“California botanists call it Sequoia gigantea. It is called thus for
sentiment and for botanical reasons. I have not heard one botanist agree
to any other name. To anyone who has lived among those trees, the name
of our country might as well be changed as to change Sequoia gigantea to
any of the 3 names suggested. ... No single species of plant has had its
name published so often in every tiny newspaper, magazines, . . . circulars,
not to mention books, for all of the years of the history of California. It
would run into thousands upon thousands of citations and regardless of
what group of botanists decide upon a different name, the tree will go on
being called Sequoia gigantea. Millions of visitors come to this State to
view that tree” (Mrs. H. P. Bracelin).

“We all wish that the rules permitted conserved specific names. There
is very little enthusiasm for separating the Giant Sequoia and the Coast
Redwood into different genera. Irrespective of Buchholz’ excellent em-
bryological investigations, it is felt that the two species are considerably
related and of similar origin. The Conifer are a relatively primitive
group, and their embryological patterns are evidently not as fixed as in less
primitive families. In their distribution, ecology and chromosome numbers,
the two sequoias follow a very common pattern characteristic of Califor-
nian species of one genus. Also, leaf variants of Sequoia sempervirens are
known, which mimic the leaves of S. gigantea, indicating that the former
has genic potentialities capable of producing forms which would minimize
the differences in respect to the leaves. When selection, as here, has wiped
out the intermediate species, then those which remain loom up as very dis-
tinct and we are deceived thereby. Scientifically the proper proportions
would probably be restored by putting the sequoias back into Taxodium,
but because of the common usage of these names I would not advocate
such a move. Of the two evils I would prefer Sequoia Wellingtoma for
Sequoiadendron, but I suspect that most Californian botanists will con-
tinue to use the name Sequoia gigantea. It will be very difficult, if not
impossible, to change a name in such general, and even public usage”
(Dr. Jens Clausen).

“As the question is stated there can be only a single truthful answer,
the California botanists are unanimously calling the Big Tree Sequoia
gigantea. We are all quite aware that this is a specific violation of the
International Rules, but I do not think that this will make any difference.

APRIL, 1943] NAMES OF THE GIANT SEQUOIA 213

The objection to a name change in conformity with the Rules would impose
an artificial change upon a long-established and universally accepted scien-
tific name, known even to many laymen. ... California botanists will
probably work for conservation of the specific name. As to what it should
be called (under the Rules), the answer is of course entirely different. . . .
If the plant remains in the genus Sequoia, its correct specific name is
Wellingtonia. The other problem is a taxonomic one, upon which western
botanists are divided” (Prof. Lincoln Constance).

“I don’t believe in placing the large-coned Sequoia in a different genus,
and I also believe that no matter what the nomenclatorial status is nobody
will ever call it by any other name than Sequoia gigantea which is so suit-
able” (Miss Alice Eastwood).

“Buchholz, it seems to me, has presented cogent evidence for generic
segregation of the Big Tree and the Redwood, and I am willing to follow
his lead until other evidence suggests another course. However, the general
acceptance of his genus, and hence its validity in a taxonomic sense, will
depend upon the composite opinion of a series of botanists over a period
of time. The genus is too newly proposed to have received either rejection
or acceptance as yet. The implication of this statement is that the scope
and content of a given genus is arbitrary and determined by opinion to a
much greater degree than that of a given species. I object strongly to
employing the epithet Wellingtonia, as being meaningless and misleading.
If any of the available names had clear and unquestioned priority, then
I believe that most botanists would accept that one, regardless of its con-
notation. Since this is not the case, I believe that usage and fitness should
be the determining factors. The name gigantea is not only the sole name
employed by botanists, foresters and even the general public to some extent
or other, it is well chosen and descriptive. You will probably not have
immediate and wide acceptance of the generic name Sequoiadendron, per-
haps in part because of its length, but you will assuredly fail in any attempt
to establish either Wellingtonia or Washingtoniana as specific epithets”
(Prof. Carl Epling).

“Although illegal, the name Sequoia gigantea is used exclusively in the
western floras and manuals, and is one of the few scientific names well-
known to the general public and will probably always be so-called by the
non-professionals, regardless of rules. Legally the name Sequoia Welling-
tonia seems to be the one to be used unless some ruling can be made ta
retain the more well-known name, gigantea” (Mrs. Roxana S. Ferris,
writing in her own behalf and for Dr. C. Piper Smith).

“In answer to your question, ‘What are California botanists now call-
ing the Giant Sequoia?’, I feel that the answer certainly is: Sequoia
gigantea. If you were to inquire as to my own preference in the matter,
my reply would be in favor of the same name. I believe that its long estab-
lished usage justifies conserving it even though outlawed by the present
version of the International Rules’ (Dr. Wm. M. Hiesey).

“Californians and California botanists in particular are still calling the
‘Big Tree’ Sequoia gigantea, a scientific name that has about as nearly

214 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. 10

approached permanence through usage as any I can think of. ... I have
not gone into the claims of Sequoiadendron sufficiently to know if it should
be accepted. The proper evaluation of the genus Sequoia must include a
consideration of paleobotanical evidence which I do not believe has been
done by the proponents of Sequoiadendron” (Mr. John Thomas Howell).

“The scientific name for the Big Tree of the Sierra Nevada, Sequoia
gigantea, has been in use by botanists for nearly ninety years. During that
time the name has spread widely all over the world, not only in scientific.
writings but in the general literature of all kinds. Some little study has
been given the matter and I am prepared to say that a skilled bibliographer
working steadily for six hundred years could not compile a complete bibli-
ography of all the literature of every kind published in the United States
which has used the name Sequoia gigantea. What more should botanists
wish than that the general public should accept one of their scientific plant
names and make almost universal use of it? It is to the public a definite
name applicable only to the Big Tree of the Sierra Nevada. If one add
the author to the name and write Sequoia gigantea Dec. then one has a
name that is to botanists precise, definite and scientifically intelligible,
a name which clearly excludes any other species. However, at present, it
has no standing under the present International Rules of Botanical Nomen-
clature, nor under the so-called American Code. Nevertheless, it was a
valid name until 1930. I had always used it as the name for the Big Tree
and always shall. Some day it may be put on a Nomina Specifica Conser-
vanda list. Such a nomenclatorial category was proposed to the Inter-
national Botanical Congress when it met in Amsterdam in 1935, mainly by
South African delegates, but supported by some English delegates and by a
few American delegates, including myself; but the proposal lost on vote
of the Congress. Such a measure is, however, certain to come up again
and may be expected to gain ground” (Prof. W. L. Jepson).

“The name Sequoia gigantea has become almost if not wholly a tra-
dition in California. Any change in the name would produce a distinct
shock among ‘plant lovers.’ Sequoiadendron giganteum would be a knock-
out to these good people. . . . Your Committee has a thankless job, but all
power to you. And if you could in some way use your influence towards
getting some common sense into this hopeless confusion in names you will
perform a most valuable service. And I wish there were some way by
which we could ‘get at’ dealers who seemingly deliberately falsify names
of plants for commercial purposes. We do have a pure food law; we should
have also a pure plant-name law” (Prof. Arthur M. Johnson).

“T shall continue to call the Big Tree or Giant Sequoia Sequoia gigantea.
The reasoning I employ is as follows: (1) I reject Sequoiadendron as
a distinct genus. The two remaining species of Sequoia have a consider-
able number of differences separating them, as Buchholz has painstakingly
pointed out, and as coniferous genera go these may now be considered
by many as of generic importance. However, no one has demonstrated,
I think, that the two sequoias are more like other species than they are

APRIL, 1943] NAMES OF THE GIANT SEQUOIA 215

like each other. They surely are products of a common line of evolution,
little understood though that may be. They are not more different from
each other than a number of unlike species in many of our genera, and
because the intermediate species have been lost in Sequoia, we are by no
means obliged now to cleave the genus in half. If the suggestion had been
made and adopted one hundred years ago, we all would probably be happy
enough with the situation now, but there is a tremendous confusion intro-
duced into the literature by drawing this unnecessary distinction today.
(2) Sequoia gigantea has stood as the name for the Giant Sequoia for
about 86 years and has been universally adopted in the West. It is used in
our three big floras (Jepson 2, Abrams 1), and in our silvas and tree
manuals. There are no projected new floras or new editions of old ones
in sight that are apt to bring about a change in the name Sequoia gigantea
in these California reference books within the next twenty years or so, so
that most people will continue to use the old name regardless of how
botanists legislate.

The name Sequoia gigantea was legal under International Rules until
the Congress of 1930 upset it by an act of legislation. It is my personal
feeling that another piece of legislation is now needed to correct this
unfortunate change for this plant. I favor the principle of a conserved
list of specific names for those few cases such as the present one that seem
justified. Here is a tree that has entered the literature of zodlogy as well
as botany, of history, travel, letters, forestry, conservation, etc. The tree,
being the outstanding giant of the living world, is well known to many
people of all lands, and its name is as commonly used as that of many of
the common economic crop plants of the earth. Taxonomists should make
every attempt to avoid creating confusion in a now very extensive litera-
ture by changing this name. I well realize that the principle of conserved
specific names has once been voted down by the International Congress,
but I hope it will come up again and then succeed. This case well illustrates
the need for it. The zodlogists have such a provision in their rules and the
botanists should not be less progressive. I think the whole case hinges upon
the fact that extensive common usage in this case creates a law greater
than the 1930 amendment to International Rules. I shall look forward
expectantly to seeing what your poll of public opinion brings forth” (Dr.
David D. Keck).

“TI have waited to reply until I had conferred with other botanists of the
San Francisco Bay region. From the standpoint of pure science I suppose
we should call the Giant Sequoia, Sequotadendron giganteum. However,
most of the botanists with whom I have talked, as well as I, will continue
to call the Bigtree, Sequoia gigantea” (Prof. H. E. McMinn).

“|. All the California botanists to whom I have spoken speak of the
Bigtree as Sequoia gigantea. I am acquainted with the controversy and
still think that S. gigantea is the only appropriate name. No one ever con-
fuses the Sierran trees with the coastal ones, which are definitely known
as S. sempervirens, although the name S. gigantea seems to have been

216 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 10

applied to them once, but in error. I do not believe that there is any need
of segregating the Bigtree under a new generic name, so as to preserve
the specific name S. gigantea. In my opinion both the Bigtree and the Red-
wood belong to the same genus” (Mr. Lewis S. Rose).

“Personally I have been calling the Big Tree Sequoia gigantea. How-
ever, according to International Rules, I realize this name is invalid... .
I have not been inclined to place it in a separate genus. Therefore, I pre-
sume the name which I will have to follow is Sequoia Wellingtonia. Since,
however, the name Sequoia gigantea has been used over a long period of
time it would seem rather difficult to impress a change of name on the
public, it being such a well-known tree. In this case I think it is regrettable
that specific names cannot be conserved according to International Rules,
since it seems to me that the long popular usage of this name would warrant
conservation, because not only botanists have been using this name but also
the general public’ (Mrs. Jesperson, née Miss Beryl O. Schreiber).

“When talking to other botanists or in my classes, I use Sequoia gigantea
since that is the name people understand, although I realize that it is
incorrect according to the rules of nomenclature” (Prof. G. Ledyard Steb-
bins, Jr.).

“Being both a Californian and a nomenclaturist, I am very much inter-
ested in the name of this species. The proper name according to the present
Rules of botanical nomenclature is Sequoia Wellingtonia Seeman, if
Sequoiadendron Buchholz is deemed an unnecessary innovation (aside from
its apparent anticipation by Americus, 1854), which is my view. Sequoia
gigantea Decaisne was valid until the homonym rule was passed in 1930”
(Dr. Louis C. Wheeler).

“Apparently there are two questions involved in the name of the Cali-
fornia Bigtree, first, the name which is being used generally by botanists
and the lay public, and secondly, the name which can be applied and yet
comply with the rules of nomenclature. It is my opinion that the illegal
though long-used combination Sequoia gigantea (Lindl.) Decn. will prob-
ably continue to be used by the majority of people who are not attempting
to monograph the conifers. Sequoia gigantea has been used by both Abrams
and Jepson, and has also been accepted by Rehder, at least in the 1927
edition of the Cultivated Trees, and McMinn has also retained this name
in his book. To the non-professional botanists the tree will undoubtedly
remain Sequoia gigantea, regardless of what the botanical legalists do with
the names. ... It seems to me that the general retention of Sequoia
gigantea in all save monographic works or technical floras might just as
well be made. I believe this simply because the non-botanist is more or less
irritated by the rules of nomenclature and the changes made necessary by
them, and will be further angered by an attempt to discard a name well
known and almost universally applied to a particularly conspicuous tree.
At least, the present name might just as well be retained until some kind
of definite ruling is made by a large body of botanists” (Prof. Ira L.
Wiggins).

APRIL, 1943] NAMES OF THE GIANT SEQUOIA 217

From the above, I think the conclusions may fairly be drawn
that botanical opinion in California (the region directly con-
cerned) :

(1) Favors retention and use of the name Sequoia gigantea

for the Giant Sequoia, or Bigtree.

(2) Favors amendment of International Rules to conserve

this name.

(3) Is wary of accepting Sequotadendron as a valid genus,

at least at this time.

It seems worthwhile also to comment on a suggestion oc-
casionally made that the generic name Steinhauera Presl (1838)
perhaps synonymizes and renders superfluous Buchholz’ genus
Sequoiadendron. It will be recalled that, in International Rules,
Sequoia Endl. (1847) is conserved as against the rejected Stein-
hauera Presl. Yet, if Sequoia be split into two genera, and
Steinhauera and Sequoiadendron prove synonymous, Steinhauera
would have to be restored.

Through the kindness of Dr. Roland W. Brown, distinguished
paleobotanist of the U. S. Geological Survey and National
Museum, I have been able to see the original description of the
fossil genus Steinhauera Presl. As this book seems to be very
rare and represented in very few libraries in this country, it seems
desirable to reproduce the original description (12) verbatim
below :

“Strobilus ovalis vel oblongus, utrinque rotundato-obtusus, squamis cre-
berrimis imbricatis horizontaliter patientibus cuneato-oblongis spiraliter
dispositis demum deciduis et cicatrices suborbiculatos umbilicatus relin-

quentes. Rudimenta seminum globosorum in squamarum axillis. Rachis
cylindrica crassiuscula.

Genus hoc memorize reverendi Henrici Steinhauer dicatum prope.
Pinites suum sibi vindicat locus et illi nempe speciebus fructu notis, quam
maxime affine est. Strobili Steinhaueri inter minutos et minimos numerandi
sunt.”

In my judgment, neither the above description nor the plates
which accompany it (No. 49, Steinhauera subglobosa Presl;
No. 57, S. oblonga Presl) give any inkling whatever as to whether
these two fossil Bohemian plants are more nearly related to
Sequoia gigantea (Wellingtonia) than to S. sempervirens. Inter-
national Rules have done well to reject Steinhauera, at least so
far as living plants are concerned.

218 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. IO

A few words should be added concerning a common name
for the tree under discussion, It is believed that the common
name Giant Sequoia, approved by the National Park Service,
U. S. Forest Service, and Standardized Plant Names (9, 21) is
less ambiguous and preferable to Bigtree for Sequoia gigantea,
and that it is as much in common usage in California as is Big-
tree. Prof. Emanuel Fritz of the Department of Forestry,
University of California, a well-known authority on these trees,
a forestry consultant of the California Redwood Association, a
councilor of the Save-the-Redwoods League, and compiler of an
immense bibliography (unfortunately still unpublished) of the
Redwood, writes me, in part, as follows:

“A number of years ago, in a radio address, I proposed Sierra redwood
and Coast redwood (as common names for the sequoias) because the generic
relationship was thereby preserved ... and the geographic separation would
be cleared up in the minds of those not too familiar with their ranges. Some
people think S. gigantea is a sequoia, but that S. sempervirens is not such,
because some of us call the former Giant Sequoia. The name Bigtree is
equally inappropriate. All along the Redwood Highway are signs like
this, ‘Big Tree Camp,’ featuring a big eucalyptus; ‘The First Big Trees,’
featuring Douglas firs; ‘Big Tree Park,’ featuring coast redwoods. In the
Sierra region, S. gigantea has been called since earliest times ‘redwood’ and
we have Redwood Creeks there, a Redwood Mountain, etc., and even the
lumber is locally called redwood. Incidentally, should you adopt Sequoia-
dendron, the common name, Giant Sequoia, must be dropped. So, please,
in the interest of simplicity and usefulness, I beg of you on bended knee,
don’t accept Buchholz’s new genus.”

Whether redwood or sequoia be eventually adopted as the
common name for the genus Sequoia is of less importance than
that there should be general agreement on one or the other. The
National Park Service, the U. S. Forest Service (21), and Stand-
ardized Plant Names (9) have preferred sequoia as an English
generic name, chiefly because it agrees with the Latin generic
name, and because there is only one genus Sequoia, but there
are numerous “redwoods.’’ For example, Meyer (11) lists
lumber of 19 genera, belonging to 13 families, under the general
name “redwood,” so that there is bound to be less ambiguity with
the name sequoia than with redwood.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Abrams, LeRoy. 1923—An illustrated flora of the Pacific States. Vol. 1,
557 pp., illus. Stanford University.

APRIL, 1943] NAMES OF THE GIANT SEQUOIA 219

2.

3.

4.

Bailey, L. H., and Bailey, Ethel Zoe. 1941—Hortus second. 778 pp.
ie

Britton, Nathaniel Lord, and Shafer, John Adolph. 1908—North
American trees. 894 pp., illus. N. Y.

Buchholz, J.T. 1939—The generic segregation of the sequoias. Amer.
Journ. Bot. 26(7) :535-538.

. Collingwood, G. H. 1941—Knowing your trees. 213 pp., illus. Wash-

ington.

. Eliot, Willard Ayres, and McLean, G. B. 1938—Forest trees of the

Pacific Coast. 565 pp., illus. N. Y.

. Harlow, William W., and Harrar, Ellwood S. 1941—Textbook of

dendrology. 2d ed. 542 pp., illus. N. Y.

. Jepson, Willis Linn. 1923-1925—A manual of the flowering plants of

California. 1238 pp., illus. Berkeley.

. Kelsey, Harlan P., and Dayton, William A. 1942—Standardized plant

names. 2d ed. 675 pp. Harrisburg.

. McMinn, Howard E., and Maino, Evelyn. 1935—An illustrated manual

of Pacific Coast trees. 409 pp., illus. Berkeley.

. Meyer, Hans. 1936—Buch der Holznamen. 564 pp. Hannover.

12. Presl, J. S., in Sternberg, Graf Kaspar. 1838—Versuch einer geognos-
tich-botanischen Darstellung den “Flore der Vorwelt,” Vol. 2,
p. 202, t. 49 et 57. Prague.

13. Rehder, Alfred. 1940—Manual of cultivated trees and shrubs. 2d ed.
996 pp. N. Y.

14. Sargent, Charles Sprague. 1896—The sylva of North America. Vol.
10, 159 pp., illus. Boston and N. Y.

15. —— 1926—Manual of the trees of North America. 2d ed. 910 pp.,
illus. Boston and N. Y.

16. Shirley, James Clifford. 1937—-The redwoods of Coast and Sierra.
84 pp., illus. Berkeley.

17. Sudworth, George B. 1897—Nomenclature of the arborescent flora
of the United States. U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Forestry Bull. 14,
419 pp.

18. —— 1898—Check list of the forest trees of the United States. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Div. Forestry Bull. 17, 144 pp.

19. —— 1908—Forest trees of the Pacific Slope. 441 pp., illus. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Forest Service, unnumbered pub.

20. —— 1927—Check list of the forest trees of the United States, their
names and ranges. U.S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Circ. 92, 295 pp.

21. U. S. Forest Service Tree Name Comm. (H. L. Shantz, Chmn.)—
1940—Approved changes in Sudworth’s Check List. 98 pp.,
mimeogr. [Approved Jan. 24, 1940, C. M. Granger, Actg. Chief,
Forest Service. ]

22. Van Dersal, William R. 1938—Native woody plants of the United
States, their erosion-control and wildlife values. U.S. Dept. Agr.
Misc. Circ. 303. 362 pp., illus.

23. Whitney, J. D. 1869—The Yosemite guide-book. Calif. Geol. Surv.

155 pp., illus.

220 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. 10

SOME VERONICAS IN GOLDEN GATE PARK
BY ALICE EASTWOOD

Among the many species of Veronica cultivated in Golden
Gate Park, two that seem related and that differ most noticeably
in the color of the flowers have been a puzzle to me. Both are
shrubs with broad elliptical opposite leaves, alternately in two
ranks so that they form the arms of a cross. One known as
V. elliptica has white flowers slightly tinged with light purplish-
blue and leaves of a pale green. The other which has passed
under the name of V’. decussata has dark lilac-purple flowers in
densely flowered racemes, clustered towards the ends of the
branches.

Veronica elliptica Forst. f. was originally collected by the
Forsters, father and son, who were the botanists on Cook’s
second voyage in 1772. They found it at Dusky Bay, New
Zealand, where later it was collected also by Menzies and
Anderson. The true ’. decussata Moench came to the gardens
of Europe from the Falkland Islands, that small group southeast
of the coast of South America. While it was introduced into the
gardens of England in 1776 under that name, it was not pub-
lished until 1785, and later was illustrated in several publications,
notably Curtis Botanical Magazine, plate 242 (1793). The
picture represents a species with few white flowers in short and
rather lax racemes. It was described by Moench as a white-
flowered shrub.*

In the first part of Flora Antarctica, Sir Joseph Hooker dis-
cusses the relative status of these two closely related white-
flowered veronicas and concludes both to be the same, a notable
example of the similarities in floras of the different parts of the
southern hemisphere. As JV. elliptica is the earlier published
name, he considers V. decussata a synonym. Some doubt has
existed as to the actual identity of the two, the plants from the
Falkland Islands being low shrubs while the New Zealand plants
become trees. Sir Joseph Hooker describes one that he saw in
the Lord Auckland’s group south of New Zealand: “In Lord
Auckland’s group this species attains a much larger size than it

* Moench, Conrad. Verzeichniss auslandischer Baume und Stauden, p. 137
(1785). The description and reference are from Mrs. Janet R. Sellars, Li-
brarian of the Arnold Arboretum.

APRIL, 1943] VERONICAS IN GOLDEN GATE PARK 221

does in America, there seldom exceeding four feet in height;
while Forster describes the Dusky Bay tree as twelve feet and
I have seen it as much as thirty on the margins of the woods close
to the sea, where it may readily be distinguished by its pale green
foliage and erect branches. I saw but one specimen in full flower,
growing on an inaccessible rock overlooking Rendezvous Har-
bour; from a distance it looked powdered with white flowers.”

In looking over the lists of trees and shrubs published in the
early reports of the Commissioners of Golden Gate Park after
Mr. McLaren had become superintendent, I find . decussata in
the report of 1889. In that year, 933 were in the nursery. Both
it and V. elliptica appear in the lists in the report of 1892. In
the 1893 report, 320 V. elliptica plants were in the nursery and
300 V’. decussata. In this report 12 veronicas were listed. These
lists of plants in the old park reports indicate Mr. McLaren’s
interest in introducing new species into cultivation and convince
me that he introduced more species into California than any other
person.

I wrote to Mr. H. M. Butterfield to learn when either one
was first advertised in some of the early nursery catalogues.
Veronica elliptica appears first in the 1884 catalogue of the Santa
Clara Nursery of R. D. Fox which after his death in 1881 was
taken over by his nephew. Veronica decussata appears in none.
Where the lilac-purple veronica that has been called . decussata
originated I have been unable to learn. When A. L. Cockayne
was here several years ago, he said that he had never seen it in
New Zealand. He is the son of the eminent New Zealand bota-
nist Leonard Cockayne and was here on an agricultural mission
from New Zealand. It seems that this most common of all the
cultivated veronicas is really without a name. I suggest that it
be named Veronica franciscana.* Perhaps it originated in the
park.

Veronica franciscana Eastwood is a shrub about 1 m. high,
densely branched, leaves elliptic, decussate, sessile, dark green
on upper surface, paler on the lower, about 3 cm. long, 2 cm. wide.

*Veronica franciscana Eastwood, spec. nov. Frutex densus circa 1 m.
altus; foliis decussatis, sessilibus, congestis, supra atro-viridibus, infra
pallidioribus, ellipticis, circa 3 cm. longis, 2 cm. latis; racemis densifloris
nonnullis prope apicem ramorum; floribus lilacino-purpureis, corolle tubo
albo, brevissimo, lamina circa 1 cm. diametro, medio alba.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 20685, collected by Alice Eastwood in
Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, Oct. 1913.

222 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VoL. Ill, NO. 10

The densely flowered racemes are clustered toward the ends of
the branches, the lilac-purple corolla has a very short white tube
which shows in the throat as a white spot.

I am not in sympathy with those taxonomists who would
change the name of these shrubby veronicas of the southern hemi-
sphere to Hebe. This is one of the seven sections under Veronica
in Bentham and Hooker’s Genera Plantarum. Each section might
as well be considered a distinct genus ; but these eminent botanists
whose knowledge of plants was world-wide, one the author of a
flora of Australia and the other of New Zealand, did not con-
sider the differences sufficient to separate them. Ever since these
shrubby veronicas have been in cultivation they have been known
as veronicas and the name is too firmly entrenched in horticultural
as well as in strictly scientific literature to be changed on so slight
a pretext.

THE CORRECT NAME FOR THE PACIFIC
INVOLUCRATE TRIFOLIUM

BY JOSEPH EWAN
University of Colorado, Boulder

Two names are current for the widespread Pacific Coast “cow
clover,” but neither Trifolium involucratum nor T. Wormskjoldu
appears to be tenable. The former name, T. involucratum Ort.,
has been shown to be inapplicable, since (a) it properly belongs
to a Mexican clover not present in the Pacific Coast region, and
since (b) it is a homonym, Ortega’s use of the epithet (1797)
being considerably antedated by Lamarck’s (1778). This Mexi-
can species has been lately redescribed by Vaughan (Amer. Midl.
Nat. 22:576,—1939). The second name in use, Trifolium
Wormskjoldii Lehm., is of doubtful application. Jepson says
(Fl. Calif. 2:293,—1936) that the type of this binomial is a
plant grown from seed collected in California by Wormskjold.
“Groenlandia” is given as the source of the seed, however, by
both Walpers (Repertorium 1:645) and McDermott (Mono-
graph of Trifolium, 40,—1910). Since the Danish navigator,
Lt. Wormskjold, is known to have botanized in Greenland, but
more questionably in northern California (cf. Laségue, Musée

APRIL, 1943] PACIFIC INVOLUCRATE TRIFOLIUM 223

botanique de M. Benjamin Delessert, s. v. 1845), there may be
some doubt as to the source of Lehmann’s seed. An attempt to
locate Lehmann’s. actual type has so far proved unavailing. In
a communication from Hans Scheerer, assistant at Botanisches
Institut at Kiel, dated 14 July 1939, I am informed that Leh-
mann’s type is not in their collection nor do they possess reliable
information regarding its whereabouts.

Our Pacific Coast involucrate clover may be known, how-
ever, as:

TRIFOLIUM WILLDENovII Spreng., Syst. 3: 208 (1826), based
on T. involucratum Willd., Sp. Pl. 3: 1372 (1800), this based on
a garden grown plant the exact source unknown. Not T. involu-
cratum Lam. or Ortega,

Of the few plant collectors who had visited the Pacific Coast
prior to 1800, Haenke and Menzies alone are likely to have been
instrumental in collecting the seed of this clover. Haenke, who
visited San Diego and Monterey in 1791 with the Malaspina
Expedition, may have collected the seed. Safford, however, does
not mention that any of Haenke’s material reached Professor
Karl Ludwig Willdenow at Berlin (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
9:27,—1905). Furthermore, I fail to discover any mention of
seeds having been collected by Haenke, though it seems almost
surely that he must have done so. On the other hand, Archibald
Menzies, as surgeon and botanist with Vancouver’s Expedition,
collected seeds apparently throughout the journey. Moreover,
Menzies’ seeds sometimes reached botanic gardens, were grown
anonymously, and the plants subsequently described as of un-
known nativity (see Lupinus arboreus in Jepson, Fl. Calif.
2:254,—1936). Sir James Edward Smith may likely have been
responsible for distributing Menzies’ seeds. Smith was a founder
and first president of the Linnean Society of London and an
active correspondent with a wide circle of botanists. There is in
the Society’s herbarium a set of Menzies’ plants from “North-
west America” and Sir Joseph Banks, who promoted the appoint-
ment of Menzies to the expedition, gave the Society his hearty

1“The story goes” that Menzies, as a guest at a dinner given by the
Viceroy of Chile to Vancouver and his men, “collected” a portion of the nuts
Bin Golecovery, snd planted them in s box of earth: they sprouted, end tims
was brought to England five plants of Araucaria imbricata! (Ed. Smith,

Life of Sir Joseph Banks, 145,—1911). For biog., see Jepson, Madrofio
1:262—266, port. (1929).

224 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. IO

support. In describing the content and organization of the
Willdenow Herbarium,? Asa Gray does not give any clue as to
the source of the seed in question (Sci. Papers Asa Gray, ed.
C. S. Sargent, 2: 19—20,—1889).

Fortunately Willdenow’s types have been preserved, and,
through the courtesy of Dr. Ludwig Diels, Director Botanischer
Garten und Museum, Berlin-Dahlem, I have before me photo-
graphs of the two collections constituting the type of T. involu-
cratum Willd. Happily they are both the plant currently recog-
nized on the Pacific Coast as the species in question, that is,
“T. involucratum Ort.” or “T. Wormskjoldu Lehm.” Each sheet
bears the initial “V” in the lower right-hand corner and each
represents, according to Dr. Diels, a plant grown in the Berlin
Botanic Gardens. Unfortunately there are no data on the sheets
or otherwise recorded at Berlin as to the exact source of the seeds
from which these plants were grown. We have, however, in the
extant Willdenovian types a precise basis for the binomial
Trifolium Willdenovi Spreng. It seems desirable, accordingly,
to take up Sprengel’s name, and to make the following changes
in nomenclature:

Trifolium Willdenovii var. fimbriatum (Lindl.) Ewan,
comb. nov. T. fimbriatum Lindl., Bot. Reg. t. 1070 (1827) ;
T. involucratum var. fimbriatum (Lindl.) McDerm., Trifolium
52 (1910) ; T. Wormskjoldii var. fimbriatum (Lindl.) Jeps., FI.
Calif. 2:294 (1936).

Trifolium Willdenovii var. Kennedianum (McDerm.)
Ewan, comb. nov. T. involucratum var, Kennedianum McDerm.,
op. cit. 56 (1910) ; T. Wormskjoldii var. Kennedianum (Mc-
Derm.) Jeps., loc. cit. (1936).

There is in the Herbarium Academy Natural Sciences Phila-
delphia a collection of the little-known Trifolium spinulosum var.
triste T. & G. This is considered to be a synonym of var. fimbrt-
atum by Jepson (loc. cit.), though it comes from Santa Bar-
bara, a point far beyond the range of that variety. What it
represents—local valid phase of the species or of yet another
Trifoliwm—is another as yet an unsolved problem.

2 Two possibly useful references, not seen, are: Schultes, Observationes,
1809 (cf. Pritzel, item 5427), and Willdenow, Enumeratio, 1809 (ibid. item
10285).

APRIL, 1943] MARIN COUNTY MISCELLANY 225

MARIN COUNTY MISCELLANY—I

BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

It is now nearly 90 years since John M. Bigelow made the
first extensive collection of plants on the Marin County Peninsula
in California just to the north of San Francisco and the Golden
Gate. From his collections made in 1854 at ““Tamul Pass” was
described the Fetid Adder’s Tongue, Scoliopus Bigelovii Torr. ;
and “near San Geronimo Ranch” he collected the Red Larkspur,
Delphinium nudicaule T. & G. In all the years that have elapsed
since those pioneer days, Marin County has offered a rich and
varied flora for the attention of the botanist, and even yet the
depth of its botanical resources have not been plumbed. The
following notes treat of some of the noteworthy plants, both
native and naturalized, that I have recently found in Marin
County.

7, 7 7

In the late summer and autumn of 1939, I made several collect-
ing trips to the region on the north side of Mt. Tamalpais, de-
voting particular attention to the plants growing along the shores
of the reservoirs, Phoenix, Lagunitas, and Alpine lakes. At that
season as the water is withdrawn for use in near-by communities,
a considerable extent of lake bottom becomes exposed and on
this dried area an interesting community of plants flourishes.
Although most of the plants were found to be sedges and rushes,
several members of the population were dicotyledonous plants
new to the flora of Marin County and particularly noteworthy
since they are rather uncommon in California.

Two such plants growing at Alpine Lake were Amaranthus
californicus (Mogq.) Wats. and Mollugo verticillata L., the
former indigenous to California but not commonly collected, the
latter introduced from the tropics. At Lake Lagunitas below
the high water line were three unusual and unexpected plants:
Cypselea humifusa Turp., Ammannia coccinea Rottb., and Lin-
dernia anagallidea (Michx.) Pennell. The cypselea, a native of
the West Indies, has been known in California heretofore only
from Santa Cruz County and from the lower San Joaquin River
(cf. Jepson, Fl. Calif. 1:461). The other two plants are regarded
as indigenous to the Californian flora, but they are not particu-

226 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. IO

larly common, occurring chiefly in the Sacramento and San
Joaquin valleys. The lindernia has been generally reported for
California as Ilysanthes dubia (L.) Barnh. (i. e., Lindernia dubia
(L.) Pennell). That species has been collected in California in
Siskiyou County, according to Pennell (Philad. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Monogr. 1:151), but he refers all the specimens from central
California to Lindernia anagallidea (i. e., Ilysanthes anagallidea
(Michx.) Raf.). For a time the Marin County plants were be-
lieved to be Lindernia dubia because of their cleistogamous
flowers, but on the characters of leaves, inflorescence, and seeds
they seem definitely L. anagallidea, a species in which the flowers
are occasionally cleistogamous although Pennell describes them
as “all opening” (op. cit., p. 140).
uf a t

In a mimeographed key to the shrubby plants of Marin
County which I prepared nearly a year ago (Key to the shrubs,
subshrubs, and woody vines in Marin County, Sierra Club Na-
ture Notes No. 11), I included several exotic plants which have
become naturalized in Marin County and perhaps elsewhere in
California. Several of these plants, such as Cytisus monspes-
sulanus L., C. scoparius (L.) Link, and Ulex europeus L., have
already been recognized in the botanical literature of California
as established weeds, but several others were included which have
not yet found place in the floras and weed lists of the state.

One of these, the Common Privet, Ligustrum vulgare L.,
should probably not have been included in my list (p. 10). Al-
though it forms a vigorous thicket at a station in Cascade Canyon
in Mill Valley, it has not spread far from where it was originally
planted in a hedge and so can scarcely be regarded as naturalized.
The same may be said of the occurrence of the Common Privet
at a station in San Rafael.

Hedera Helix L. (p. 17), the English Ivy, on the other hand,
has become definitely naturalized locally and has been noted as
established in several parts of Mill Valley, Sausalito, Ross, and
Ignacio. Birds are undoubtedly instrumental in the spread of
this plant, since medium-sized passerines have been seen feeding
greedily on the berries.

Spartium junceum L. (p. 7), the Spanish Broom, is definitely
established on rocky slopes above Mill Valley. Here it forms

APRIL, 1943] MARIN COUNTY MISCELLANY 227

thickets with the French Broom (Cystisus monspessulanus) and
the Scotch Broom (C. scoparius), the three producing an Old
World brush formation that blends with the native chaparral
ecologically but certainly neither floristically nor scenically. The
Spanish Broom has also been noted as naturalized at San Rafael
and at Fairfax.

Perhaps the most rampant of these neglected woody weeds
and the one most widely naturalized is the Himalaya-berry which
forms thorny thickets along roads and in waste places in many
localities in Marin County. The scientific name for this European
bramble differs in the various reference works on cultivated
plants, but the name I adopted in my key to the Marin County
shrubs (p. 3) is that given by Bailey in Hortus Second (1941,
p. 645), Rubus procerus P. J. Muell. Why this plant has been
omitted from the naturalized flora of California is not clear.
I have noted infestations in nine localities in Marin County, and
the plant is not lacking in other parts of California. In San
Francisco abundant seedlings have been seen in the vicinity of
fruiting plants, proof that the species does not spread alone by
vegetative means.

7 ft 7

Perhaps the rarest shrub in California admitted by Dr, Jepson
to his Flora of California is Ribes Victoris Greene, which he re-
ports as occurring “near Lake Lagunitas, .. . only one or two
shrubs known” (2:157—1936). More recently, while on walk-
ing trips through the hills of Marin County, I have located two
other stations at which the rare Victor Gooseberry grows, the
first in the hills northeast of San Rafael, the second on the north
side of Mt. Tamalpais above Lake Lagunitas, and at both stations
I have collected both flowering and fruiting specimens. Because
the plant has been so rare heretofore, it seems proper to re-
consider its specific status in the light of more numerous col-
lections from the three known localities, especially since the plant
does not appear sufficiently differentiated from other related
gooseberries.

Ribes Victoris is part of that remarkable series of goose-
berries that occurs along the Pacific coast from southern Cali-
fornia northward to southern Oregon. Ribes Menziesii Pursh
was the first of this series to be named, but besides that species

228 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VoL. III, NO. IO

about a dozen other entities have been recognized in the variable
complex. Two of these entities, R. Victoris and R. Greenetanum
Heller, have been separated from the rest of the complex in keys
and floras by the color of their flowers and by the character of the
spines on their ovaries. Whereas the color of the flowers is given
as green to purple for R. Menziesu and its more immediate rela-
tives, the color of flowers in R. Victoris and R. Greeneianum
is given as greenish-white or whitish. In the character of the
spines on the ovaries, Coville (N. Amer. Fl. 22: 209) states that
the ovary is “clothed with gland-tipped hairs, without an ad-
mixture of longer glandless bristles,” while Jepson (FI. Calif.
2:145) states that the ovary is covered “‘with spines and some-
times also with short-stiped glands.” There are errors in both
these statements: in R. Victoris there is a mixture of glandular
and glandless spines, but in R. Greeneianum there are only gland-
tipped spines. Hence the real diagnostic character according to
the keys resolves itself into the color of the flower, particularly
since the spines of the ovary in R. Menziesu and its relatives are
even more variable, sometimes entirely glandular, sometimes
entirely glandless, and sometimes a mixture.

At the stations on Mt. Tamalpais and in the San Rafael hills
where I have studied the gooseberry in the field, the color of
the flower does not definitely distinguish it from the other goose-
berry of the R. Menziesii group which has been described from
Marin County, R. leptosmum (Cov.) Fedde, one of the purplish-
flowered forms which has been known in Marin County from
several stations between Mt. Tamalpais and the coast. In the
San Rafael hills, the Victor Gooseberry was represented by a
dozen or so plants growing together in a wooded canyon and the
color of the flowers on the different plants varied from greenish-
white slightly tinged with rose to greenish-purple and reddish-
purple. Only a single bush was seen with the greenish-white
flowers and on it the flowers were frequently tinged with pink
or rose. Certainly no botanist seeing all the bushes growing to-
gether on that canyon side would regard this one plant as one
species and the rest of the individuals as another species! At the
station on Mt. Tamalpais, two collections of flowering material
have been made, the first on March 3 by Dr. Hans Leschke, the
second by me on March 14. In both, the flowers were pale

APRIL, 1943] SIBARA ON CEDROS ISLAND 229

greenish tinged with rose, but it was evident that the rosy tinge
had become more pronounced in the flowers of the second col-
lection and that some of the flowers were then distinctly purplish.
Specimens collected by Miss Eastwood at the type locality of
R. Victoris at Lake Lagunitas demonstrate the same variability
in color.

From this I conclude that R. Victoris cannot be distinguished
from the R. Menziesii complex by the color of the flowers but
that in the character of the spines on the fruits we have a mark
which distinguishes in R. Victoris an entity coequal with the other
entities of the R. Menziesii complex. In the fruit of R. Victoris
the glandular and glandless spines are short, a little unequal, and
pale yellowish or straw-eolor. In its two nearest relatives,
R. Greeneianum and R, leptosmum, the spines on the fruits are
all glandular, in the former equal, yellowish, shorter, and very
dense, in the latter unequal, purplish or brownish, longer, and
sparse, Moreover in R. Greeneianum the flowers are more uni-
formly greenish and in R. leptosmum more uniformly purplish.

Since all the entities of the R. Menzies relationship seem
best regarded as varieties in a variable complex, I shall use for
R. Victoris and R. Greeneianum the varietal names proposed by
Janczewski, R. Menzies var. Victoris (Greene) Jancz. and
R. Menziesii var. minus Jancz. (R. Menziesii var. Greeneianum
(Heller) Jepson).

S1BARA ON CeEpROs ISLAND. In my recent account of Cedros
Island plants (Leafl. West. Bot. 3 :180—185), I overlooked one
which should have been listed and which is certainly worthy
of the present supplementary notice. This is Sibara pectinata
(Greene) Greene. My specimen (No. 10688a) was lost among
duplicate collections of Euphorbia polycarpa Benth., the plant
with which it grew on the sandy wash above the abalone cannery
on the southeast side of the island. Only two plants were col-
lected and these are without leaves and flowers, but they carry
numerous mature siliques which are horizontally divaricate on
one plant and arcuate-recurved on the other. The type of the
species was collected at San Bartolomé on the west coast of Lower
California southeast of Cedros Island; from the island it has
apparently been collected only once before (cf. Arabis pectinata,
Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 18:429).—John Thomas Howell.

230 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VoL. III, NO. IO

NOTES ON CHORIZANTHE

BY GEORGE J. GOODMAN

Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa

Chorizanthe chilensis (Remy) Goodman, comb. nov. Las-
tarriea chilensis Remy in Gay, Fl. Chil. 5:290 (1849). Chori-
zanthe Lastarriea Parry, Proc. Davenp. Acad. Sci. 4:63 (1884),
as to South American specimens.

Chorizanthe coriacea Goodman, nom. nov. Lastarriea chi-
lensis Remy subsp. californica Gross, Bot. Jahrb. 49: 345 (1913).
Chorizanthe Lastarriea Parry, |. c., as to North American speci-
mens. Chorizanthe Lastarriea Parry var. californica (Gross)
Goodman, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 21:33 (1934).

I have recently had opportunity to examine some South
American specimens of “Lastarriea chilensis” and find them to
be quite as distinct from their North American relatives as the
figure in Gay, Hist. Chile, Atlas Bot. 1: pl. 58, fig. 1 (1854),
would lead one familiar with our California material to believe.
The bracts in Chorizanthe chilensis are hispid on the margins,
they are shorter, and commonly retain their width to near the
apex. This is then terminated by a very short, hooked awn.

In the North American material (C. coriacea) the plants are
more diffuse, and the pubescence is much softer. The bracts are
longer, and have a gradually tapering distal half which terminates
in a relatively long awn.

NEW VARIETIES OF WESTERN PLANTS—III

BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt. var. dubius J. T. Howell, var.
nov. Frutex robustus latus 1.5—4 m. altus, ramulis arcuatis pilis parvis
adpressis subsericeis leviter vestitis ; foliis integris vel raro dentatis, anguste
obovatis ad late ellipticis, ad 3 (vel 4.5) cm. longis et 2 cm. latis, obtusis
vel retusis, basi cuneatis; floribus albis; capsulis subglobosis, 5—6 mm.
diametro, fere rugulosis, cornibus parvis apicalibus rugosis, cristis mediis
parvis vel subobsoletis, plus minusve rugulosis, hypanthio extrinsecus supra
pedicellum plus minusve tuberculato-ruguloso in fructu.

Types from Skyline Boulevard west of Saratoga near Sara-
toga Gap, 2500 ft. elev., Santa Clara Co., California: for flower,

APRIL, 1943] NEW VARIETIES OF WESTERN PLANTS 231

L. S. Rose No. 39053, April 7, 1939, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci.
No, 300000; for fruit, J. T. Howell No, 14751, June 16, 1939,
Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 300001. Other collections in Herb.
Calif. Acad. Sci. are: Loma Prieta, Mexia in 1926 ; Mt. Hermon,
Santa Cruz Co., Bolton in 1929; Ben Lomond, Santa Cruz Co.,
Eastwood & Howell No. 7446, L. S. Rose No. 39110 and No.
39285, J. T. Howell No. 14766 ; near Saratoga Gap, Santa Cruz
Co., J. T. Howell No. 14756 ; Los Altos, Santa Clara Co., Camp-
bell & Miere in 1920.

This is the large-leaved buck brush of the Santa Cruz Mts.
treated by McMinn as C. cuneatus minor variation No. 6 (Ceano-
thus, 241,—1942). Not only does the Santa Cruz buck brush
differ from the historical type of C. cuneatus in its subsericeous
pubescence and much larger leaves, but also it differs from all
specimens examined in C. cuneatus, C. Ferrisie, C. rigidus, and
C. ramulosus in the peculiar wrinkled surface on the outside of
the fruiting hypanthium. In my variety, I have included only
that form with white flowers, but it may prove necessary to
enlarge the entity to include the lavender-flowered variant with
large leaves in the Santa Cruz Mts. when fruiting specimens
from it have been studied. Such an enlarged entity may also
come to accommodate the broad-leaved white-flowered Ceanothus
of the Coast Ranges south to San Luis Obispo County when
flowering and fruiting material are properly correlated by a series
of detailed field studies. The present variety occupies a position
almost equally related to C. cuneatus and C. ramulosus, and it is
doubtful if it will be retained in the former if the latter is eventu-
ally defined to include all the coastal buck brushes with arching
stems.

Ceanothus Jepsonii Greene var. albiflorus J. T. Howell, var. nov.
Frutex erectus plerumque circa 1 m. altus, cortice sublevi pallido-grisea ;
floribus albis ; capsulis subglobosis ad oblongis, 9—12 mm. longis, 6—10 mm.
latis.

Types from Napa County, California : for flower, J.T. Howell
No. 6147, 5 miles from Aetna Springs on road to Middletown,
April 3, 1931, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 194485; for fruit,
canyon of St. Helena Creek, J. T. Howell No. 13100, July 18,
1937, Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 248657. Among numerous
collections in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., the following may be cited
to indicate range: Walters Springs, Napa Co., J. T. Howell

232 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. IO

No. 14633; between Cobb Mt. and Adams Springs, Lake Co.,
Jussel No. 313; Putah Creek north of Middletown, Lake Co.,
J. T. Howell No. 14643 ; between Knoxville and Lower Lake,
Lake Co., J. T. Howell No. 14651; grade between Mud Flat and
Bennett Spring, Tehama Co., Heller No. 12999,

From the typical form of the species which is found in the
Mt. Tamalpais region of Marin County, var. albiflorus differs
in its more erect habit, smoother bark, larger and somewhat
elongate fruits, and white (instead of violet-blue) flowers. The
violet-flowered form of the species which grows in the mountains
north of Marin County and west of the area occupied by var.
albiflorus seems intermediate between the two entities and may
represent yet another unnamed variety.

NEw CALIFORNIAN LOCALITIES FoR PAcHystTima. A most
notable and interesting extension of range is to be recorded with
the discovery of the Oregon Box, Pachystuma Myrsinites Raf.,
on the north side of Mt. Tamalpais, Marin County, where it was
discovered by Mr. Robert H. Menzies on Jan. 13, 1941. In the
Coast Ranges, it has been reported no farther south than northern
Humboldt County (Jepson, Fl. Calif. 2:450); but since the
discovery of the plant on Mt. Tamalpais, several intermediate
stations for the plant have been brought to my attention. Mrs.
Mary L. Courtright has found the Oregon Box at Camp Meeker,
Sonoma County; and Milo S. Baker has collected it near Healds-
burg, Sonoma County, and near Carl Purdy’s place, east of
Ukiah, Mendocino County. These stations in Mendocino and
Sonoma counties bridge a gap that would otherwise lend to the
plant a remarkable distribution pattern.

Concerning the occurrence of Pachystima on Mt. Tamalpais,
Mr. Menzies has written as follows: “I found it about 1.5 miles
north of Rock Spring, well off any trail, in heavy brush beneath
scrub oak. There was quite a small colony covering some 25
or 30 feet square. A characteristic distinguishing it from the
Pachystima I found on Mt. Rainier is that on Tamalpais it is
very prostrate and grows in extended fan-like branches . . . and
does not attain anything like the size it does in the north. . . .’—
John Thomas Howell.

: aN /
“dae

J
| x Vot. III No. 1!

LEAFLETS

of
WESTERN BOTANY

GONTEN TS

PAGE

The Genus Habenaria in Western North America . . . 233
DonovaNn S. CorrELL

Variations in Castilleja plagiotoma . . . . . « 248
A.ice Eastwoop

The Varieties of Astragalus decumbens . . . . . 250
ARTHUR CRONQUIST

Observations on Californian Plantn—III . . . . . 254

Rosert F. Hoover

SAN FRANCIsco, CALIFORNIA
Jury 7, 1943

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the
native flora of western North America, appearing about four
times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single
numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco,
California.

Cited as

LEAFL. WEsT. Bort.

POCO COOL EL CO Co Es Ce

peesnnnenngnnnagesnggennagacngyanengenngsngeyeeng errnpe tng ener rea ret eer earn ey

Owned and published by

Auice Eastwoop and JoHN THomas HowkELi

JULY, 1943 | HABENARIA IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA 233

THE GENUS HABENARIA IN WESTERN
NORTH AMERICA

BY DONOVAN S. CORRELL
Botanical Museum, Harvard University

The species of Habenaria here treated occur in North
America north of Mexico and west of the 102nd meridian. Space
does not allow a statement of the general distribution of each
species. Therefore, the distributional data are limited to the
above region. The species in the section Limnorchis which occur
in this area comprise the most difficult problem existing today in
the Orchidacee of North America, north of Mexico. The fol-
lowing tentative key, with some additional information, is offered
in the hope that those who may be interested will use the key
and send their criticisms to me. In this way it is hoped that a
serviceable key to this perplexing group of plants may finally be
constructed for a forthcoming Orchid Flora of North America.

The vast area under consideration includes many complex
ecological regions, extending from the Lower Sonoran Zone of
southern California to the Arctic, and comprises such formations
as the Rocky Mountain, Sierra Nevada, and Pacific Conifer For-
est complexes, as well as large tracts of desert, semi-desert, and
tundra. The ecological conditions of these complex regions have
a tremendous influence upon plant life and often cause extreme
variations within a given species. Endemism, not uncommon in
many plant families in this region, does not play a prominent
part in the Orchidacee. A species may, however, assume differ-
ent vegetative aspects and growth habits throughout its area of
distribution as the result of the complicated ecological factors,
but when the flowers are compared they may be found to vary
only slightly, if at all.

In the genus Habenaria the general aspect of the various
species is often greatly affected by age. This is particularly true
in regard to the inflorescence. In bud, anthesis, beginning of
capsule enlargement, and finally in fruit maturity, each stage in
the same species often appears to be separable from the preceding
or following stage. The various phases of growth often deter-
mine the density and size of the inflorescence. Because of these
superficial and minor differences the various growth forms of

* Leafl. West. Bot., Vol. III, pp. 233-256, July 7, 1943.

234 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. II

some of the species have been segregated by some authors as
distinct species. There is little doubt that in most of the species
spur development, especially as to length, is also greatly affected
by age. However, in several of the species this does not seem to
be the case. In working with such variable plants, it seems best
to allow for extreme variations within a species. This has been
the guiding factor in the preparation of this work.

Several authors have contributed materially toward the un-
derstanding of this genus within our area; namely, Ames [Orch.,
fasc. 4 (1910)], Kranzlin [Orch. Gen. et Sp., vol. 1 and 2
(1897-1903) ], and Rydberg [Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 28 : 605—643
(1901)]. The present contribution follows essentially the con-
servative treatment offered by Ames.

In most cases, only the essential synonymy current in our
area is given for a segregate. In the citation of distribution,
counties are given where a species or variety is found, or, in
some cases, other information concerning local distribution has
been inserted after the states.

This study has been based primarily upon specimens in the
following herbaria: Herbarium of Oakes Ames, Harvard Uni-
versity; University of Arizona, Tucson; California Academy
of Sciences, San Francisco; Dudley Herbarium, Stanford Uni-
versity; Gray Herbarium, Harvard University; Herbarium of
W. L. Jepson, Berkeley; University of Nevada, Reno; New
York Botanical Garden, New York.

Key To WESTERN SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF HABENARIA
1. Leaves 1 or 2, rarely 3, basal or essentially so; stem ebracteate or
provided with a solitary bract (rarely more) about the middle.
2. Spur scrotiform; lip suborbicular to obovate, deeply concave
EDISON AID SGRRE AN Tea baler 9 eNOS URI TEAR Casta eg Cah 2 2. H. Chorisiana
2. Spur elongated, cylindrical, tapering at the apex or somewhat
thickened; lip linear to linear-lanceolate, not concave.
3. Leaves 2 or rarely 3, large, orbicular to broadly oval, spreading
on the ground; spur more than 1.4 cm. long......7. H. orbiculata
3. Leaf solitary or rarely 2, small, broadly obovate to linear-
oblanceolate, erect-spreading ; spur 1.2 cm. or less long.
4. Lip linear to linear-lanceolate ; spur tapering from a rather
broad base, about as long as the lip.............. 6. H. obtusata
4. Lip elliptic; spur cylindrical, usually thickened near the
apex, about twice as long as the lip........ 1. H. behringiana

JULY, 1943] HABENARIA IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA 235

1. Leaves several, cauline or sub-basal; stem leafy or conspicuously

bracteate.
5. Lip unequally tridentate at the apex, with the middle tooth minute ;
spur always scrotiform........................ ll. H. viridis var. bracteata

5. Lip entire at the apex; spur slender to scrotiform.

6. Leaves always clustered at or near base of stem, usually
withering before or during anthesis; stem provided with
numerous scale-like bracts; lip somewhat truncate at the
base or angled on each side at the base; sepals 1-nerved.

7. Spur about equal to or a little longer than the lip; raceme
laxly flowered, wand-like, usually about 1 cm. or less
Wil GTAINICCOI ee eyed a ee Stacia 10. H. unalascensis

7. Spur twice or more longer than the lip; raceme rather
densely flowered, cylindrical to pyramidal, rarely less
than 1.5 cm. in diameter.

8. Plant entirely coastal, typically short and stout; flowers
whitish, congested in a dense thick raceme; raceme
often pyramidal, 2 cm. or more in diameter..............

10b. H. unalascensis var. maritima

8. Plant widely distributed, typically slender and tall;
flowers greenish, in a lax or dense raceme, not
conspicuously congested, often distant; raceme cyl-
indrical, usually less than 2 cm. in diameter..............

10a. H. unalascensis var. elata

6. Leaves scattered on the stem or sometimes clustered at or near
base of stem, usually persisting after anthesis; stem pro-
vided with a few foliaceous bracts; lip not truncate or
angled at the base; sepals 3-nerved.

9. Lip rhombic-lanceolate, prominently and rather abruptly
dilated at the base; flowers usually white, rarely

greenish.
10. Spur one and one-half times as long as the lip or
Ifo) 9 eo) ctaeeedtae ton Whey cae. 3b. H. dilatata var. leucostachys

10. Spur about equal to or shorter than the lip.
11. Spur about equal to or only slightly exceeding
They line mee ect ek ee 3. H. dilatata

11. Spur usually one-half to two-thirds the length of
the lip, often clavate....3a. H. dilatata var. albiflora

9. Lip linear to broadly lanceolate, not prominently dilated
at the base; flowers usually greenish, sometimes marked
with purple.

12. Spur twice or more longer than the lip.

236 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. II

13. Plant dwarf; lip pendent, fleshy, ecallose; distribution Aleutian
Tisfesedsit ke ee ay Ae EAD Ce ee oe ae 1. H. behringiana

13. Plant tall; lip strongly arcuate at the base, with a small tubercle
or cushion-like callus in the center at or near the base;
distributionsseuthiwesteniess = a ene naan eee 5. H. limosa

12. Spur never more than one and one-half times as long as the lip.
14. Spur usually less than two-thirds the length of the lip.

15. Spur scrotiform or strongly saccate; lip linear to lanceolate ;
raceme usually laxly flowered, elongated, often with the
flowers scattered: Nee) Sa eee 8. H. saccata

15. Spur cylindrical, sometimes thickened or only slightly clavate ;
lip elliptic to lanceolate; raceme usually short and con-
pestedi sur. Acc th i oe ae ees oe ee 4. H. hyperborea

14. Spur about as long as or longer than the lip.
16. Column large, with a broad connective, usually about one-half
as long as the dorsal sepal, 2 mm. or more long.

17. Leaves very short, ovate, less than 9 cm. long, usually
FEduced. to) claspingytubular; sheatliSmes= eee ae ane
SOON AD ere. cS )"h G8 | Ss Fae oh eRe 9a. H. sparsiflora var. brevifolia

17. Leaves ample, elliptic to lanceolate, variable in length,
never reduced entirely to sheaths.

18. Lip linear to linear-elliptic, up to 1.3 cm. long, often
with a fleshy ridge in the center below the middle;
raceme usually elongated and laxly flowered........

Se ee re ee ee eee Seen EC ee 9. H. sparsiflora

18. Lip elliptic to lanceolate, rarely more than 8 mm.
long, ecallose; raceme usually short and densely
HOWweLe de seset trae eee eee ee 4. H. hyperborea

16. Column small, usually without a broad connective, one-third
or less as long as the dorsal sepal, less than 2 mm. long.

19. Raceme usually densely flowered and short; spur cylin-
drical or somewhat thickened; lip elliptic to lance-
(0) eS eer EUR i Ae ee ee rte eee 4. H. hyperborea

19. Raceme usually laxly flowered and elongated ; spur slender
or clavate; lip linear to lanceolate.

20. Spur slender, usually exceeding the lip ; leaves variable,
scattered along the stem or clustered near the base
of the stem, elliptic to linear-lanceolate............
Se vee Bal stll LR ea 9b. H. sparsiflora var. laxiflora

20. Spur scrotiform or clavate, shorter than the lip; leaves
Canline: typically, elliptic 8. H. saccata

JULY, 1943] HABENARIA IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA 237

1. HABENARIA BEHRINGIANA (Rydb.) Ames, Orch., fase.
4:91, pl. 60 (1910) ; Limnorchis behringiana Rydb., Bull. Torr.
Bot. Club 28: 620 (1901).

This species is characterized by its dwarf habit and elongated
spur (about 1 cm. long), which is about twice as long as the lip.
The flowers are said to be purplish, and, judging from their
appearance in the dried state, it is quite possible that the petals,
lip and spur are suffused with this color. The plant averages
about 12 cm. in height and the typically solitary basal leaf and
single foliaceous bract on the stem are distinctive.

Habenaria behringiana is a very rare species. So far as I
know, there has been but one collection definitely known from
North America, specimens of which are available in the Cali-
fornia Academy of Sciences and the Dudley Herbarium. This
collection was obtained by Hultén and bears the following data:
“Aleutian Islands: Attu, July 26, 1932, Eric Hultén 6831.”

2. HABENARIA CHOoRISIANA Cham., Linnaea 3:31 (1828).

This is our smallest habenaria. The plant seldom exceeds
10 cm. in height and the floral segments are about 1 mm. long.
The pair of sub-basal leaves and the few-flowered, scapose in-
florescence are distinctive.

This species and H. behringiana are doubtless the rarest
orchids in our range, if not in North America. So far as I know,
there are but two really serviceable collections in the herbaria
of North America. The collection from Atka in the Aleutian
Islands (Eric Hultén No. 6540) is represented by specimens in
the California Academy of Sciences and the Dudley Herbarium.
A previously unidentified collection of this species in the New
York Botanical Garden was collected on Vancouver Island. The
specimen consists of two flowering plants and one sterile plant
and bears the following data: Ucluelet, Vancouver Island, B. C.,
in the swamp near Cranberry Patch, July 20, 1909, John Macoun
No. 82,473. So far as I know, this is the first report of this
species from continental North America. The Chamisso speci-
men in the Gray Herbarium is in a poor state of preservation.

3. HABENARIA DILATATA (Pursh) Hook., Ex. Fl. 2: pl. 95
(1824) ; Orchis dilatata Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 2: 588 (1814) ;
Limnorchis dilatata Rydb. in Britton, Man. Fl. North. States &
Can., ed. 1, 294 (1901) ; L. foliosa Rydb., Bull. Torr. Bot., Club

238 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. II

28: 622 (1901) ; L. graminifolia Rydb., loc. cit., 627; L. gracilis
Rydb., loc. cit., 627, in part; L. convallariefolia Rydb., loc. cit.,
628, in part ; L. leptoceratitis Rydb., Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2: 162
(1901), as to type specimen and description only; Habenaria
graminifolia Henry, Fl. South. B. C. 92 (1915).

The usually white or occasionally yellowish or greenish white
flowers provided with a rhombic-lanceolate lip which is conspicu-
ously dilated at the base and tapers to the apex are characteristic
of this species. The spur is about equal in length to the lip which
typically projects outward from the rest of the flower. The floral
bracts are usually incurved against the rachis, causing the raceme
to appear slender and wand-like in contrast to the raceme of
H. hyperborea with its more or less spreading floral bracts.
Habenaria dilatata is often associated with H. hyperborea. Some
specimens of H. dilatata which were collected in Washington
have lips which are extremely dilated at the base and give to the
lip a 3-lobed aspect.

Nearly always in moist situations in meadows, swamps, bogs,
marshes, coniferous forests, canyons, tidal flats, on moist seepage
slopes and in or along streams, bordering lakes, rarely on dry
open slopes, from sea level up to 10,000 ft. in Colorado, Idaho
and Utah, 5000 ft. in British Columbia; blooming from April
to September throughout its range. Colo. (Gilpin), Utah (Salt
Lake), Nev. (Elko, Mineral), Calif. (Humboldt, Placer, Siski-
you), Wyo. (Sublette, Yellowstone Pk.), Idaho (widespread),
Ore. (mostly Cascade Mts.), S. Dak. (Pennington), Mont.
(Flathead), Wash. (western half), Sask., Alta, B. C., N. W.
Terr., Yukon, Alaska, Aleutian Islands.

3a. Habenaria dilatata var. albiflora (Cham.) Correll,
comb. nov. ; H. borealis Cham. var. albiflora Cham., Linnaea 3: 28
(1828) ; H. dilatatiformis Rydb., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 24: 189
(1897) ; Limnorchis dilatatiformis Rydb., Mem. N. Y. Bot.
Gard. 1 (Fl. Mont.) : 105 (1900) ; L. borealis Rydb., Bull. Torr.
Bot. Club 28: 621 (1901), exclude syn. in part.

This is a short-spurred form which usually has a short, dense
inflorescence of rather large flowers. However, it is represented
in the Rocky Mountains by a plant, segregated by Rydberg as
H. dilatatiformis, which has a rather slender, lax raceme of
smaller flowers. Some forms of typical H. dilatata approach var.

JULY, 1943] HABENARIA IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA 239

albiflora. Such forms, however, have a slender, terete spur
instead of the somewhat inflated, clavate spur characteristic of
this variety.

Moist rocky slopes, meadows, wet woods, bogs and marshes,
usually at high elevations in the Rocky Mountains, up to 12,000
ft. in Wyoming, 10,000 ft. in Utah and Colorado, 4000 ft. in
British Columbia ; blooming from June to September throughout
its range. Colo. (Gilpin, Grand, Larimer), Utah (Salt Lake,
Summit), Wyo. (Albany, Teton, Yellowstone Pk.), Idaho (Nez
Perces), Mont. (Glacier, Meagher, Park, Teton), Ore. (Baker),
Wash. (Pierce), Alta., B. C., Alaska.

3b. HABENARIA DILATATA var. LEUCOSTACHYsS (Lindl.)
Ames, Orch., fasc. 4:71 (1910); Platanthera leucostachys
Lindl., Gen. & Sp. Orch. Pl. 288 (1835) ; Habenaria pedicellata
S. Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 12:276 (1877); H. leucostachys
S. Wats. in Brewer & Watson, Bot. Calif. 2: 134 (1880), exclude
syn. H. Thurberi; H. flagellans S. Wats. in Brewer & Watson,
Bot. Calif. 2: 483 (1880) ; Limnorchis leucostachys Rydb., Mem.
N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1 (FI. Mont.) : 106 (1900) ; L. leucostachys
var. robusta Rydb., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 28:626 (1901) ;
Habenaria leptoceratitis Henry, Fl. South. B. C. 92 (1915).

This superficial variety is identical to the typical form, except
for the long spur which is 1 to 2 cm. long and varies from about
one and one-half times to more than twice as long as the lip. It
is apparently confined to the western United States and Canada,
although some northeastern specimens approach it closely. There
seems to be a rather definite delimitation in the length of the
spur between var. leucostachys and the typical form which cor-
responds to a similar condition existing between H. unalascensis
and its varieties. Although the lip is often narrower and longer
than in typical H. dilatata, the shape is fundamentally the same
in both. Variety leucostachys is often confused with H. limosa
which it superficially resembles.

Habitat similar to that of the typical form but usually at
higher elevations, frequent in alpine meadows and about moun-
tain springs, from 2000 ft. in Idaho and Montana up to 11,000
ft. in California and Nevada; blooming from April to September
throughout its range. Utah (Mt. Ipabah), Nev. (northern half),
Calif. (common, widespread), Idaho (western half), Ore. (wide-

240 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. II

spread), Mont. (western part), Wash. (Clallam, Pierce, Sno-
homish), B. C. (Vancouver Isl.).

4. HABENARIA HYPERBOREA (L.) R. Br. in Aiton, Hort.
Kew., ed. 2, 5: 193 (1813) ; Orchis hyperborea L., Man. Pl. 121
(1767) ; Habenaria borealis Cham., Linnaea 3:28 (1828) ;
Habenaria borealis var. viridiflora Cham., loc. cit., 28 (1828) ;
Limnorchis hyperborea Rydb., Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1 (FI.
Mont.) : 104 (1900) ; L. brachypetala Rydb., Bull. N. Y. Bot.
Gard. 2: 161 (1901), in part; L. viridiflora Rydb., Bull. Torr.
Bot. Club 28: 616 (1901) ; Platanthera hyperborea var. dilata-
toides Hult., Fl. Aleut. Isls. 141 (1937) ; Habenaria septentrion-
alis Tidestrom in Tidestrom & Kittell, Fl. Ariz. & N. Mex. 731
(1941).

In typical material of H. hyperborea the lip is lanceolate and
not conspicuously dilated at the base. The flowers are greenish
or yellowish green, rarely whitish green, and are usually in a
rather dense, cylindrical, spicate raceme. The lanceolate lip often
passes gradually into forms with a linear or linear-elliptic lip.
The spur is commonly shorter, or occasionally only slightly longer,
than the lip which is usually upcurved or projecting forward.

The more northern and northwestern plants are often small
and have a rather compact, short raceme, whereas the more
southern and eastern plants are usually tall and have a slender,
elongated raceme. Nevertheless, the flowers of this species are
remarkably constant throughout its distribution. However, some
of the specimens found in Alaska, described as Habenaria
borealis, and in the Rocky Mountains have larger flowers and the
spur is shorter and more clavate than in typical H. hyperborea.
The Rocky Mountain and western form, segregated as Lim-
norchis viridiflora by Rydberg, approaches the form found in
the Great Lakes region and New England, segregated as Orchis
huronensis by Nuttall. Both of these forms differ somewhat
from the type in their characteristically lax, few-flowered in-
florescence. Some forms are found which apparently represent
an intermediate condition between this species and H. saccata
and H. dilatata. Many of the southwestern Rocky Mountain
plants grade almost imperceptibly into H. sparsiflora and its
variety. Habenaria hyperborea is doubtless the most perplexing
species of Habenaria within our range and it is here treated as an
extremely polymorphic species.

JULY, 1943] HABENARIA IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA 241

Moist or wet soil in meadows, bogs, thickets, swamps, con-
iferous forests, canyons, marshes, on open slopes and along
streams and rivers, usually at high elevations in the Rocky Moun-
tains, up to 12,500 ft. in Colorado, 9000 ft. in California, Utah
and New Mexico; blooming from June to September throughout
its range. N. Mex. (Otero, San Miguel), Ariz. (White Mts.),
Colo. (mostly in the Rocky Mts.), Utah (north-central part),
Calif. (Inyo, Mono), Neb. (Dawes), Wyo. (widespread), Idaho
(widespread), Ore. (Coos, Josephine, Wallowa), S. Dak. (Black
Hills Nat'l. Pk.), Mont. (western part), Wash. (Okanogan),
Sask., Alta., B. C., N. W. Terr., Yukon, Alaska, Aleutian Isls.

5. HABENARIA LIMOSA (Lindl.) Hemsl. in Godm. & Salvin,
Biol. Centr.-am., Bot. 3: 305 (1884) ; Platanthera limosa Lindl.,
Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 4: 381 (1840) ; Habenaria Thurberi
A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 389 (1868) ; Lumnorchis Thurberi
Rydb., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 28: 264 (1901), as to name only ;
L. arizonica Rydb., loc. cit., 629.

This species is characterized by the somewhat mammillate,
cushion-like callus on the lower part of the lip and the elongated,
slender spur which is usually more than twice as long as the lip.
It differs from H. sparsiflora primarily in these characters as
well as in its smaller column. The raceme is usually very long,
slender and cylindrical. The lip is characteristically linear and
arcuate-decurved below the middle with the small callus in the
bend. This character distinguishes it from such forms as H.
dilatata var. leucostachys (with which it has been confused),
especially when the inflorescence approaches that variety in habit.

Usually in boggy soil about springs in gulches and canyons,
commonly between 7000 and 8000 ft. altitude; blooming from
June to September throughout its range. N. Mex. (Socorro),
Ariz. (Cochise, Pima).

6. HABENARIA OBTUSATA (Banks ex Pursh) Richards. in
Franklin, Narr. Journ. to Polar Sea, Bot. Appen., quarto ed. 1,
750 (Separate, p. 22) (1823) ; Orchis obtusata Banks ex Pursh,
Fl. Am. Sept. 2: 588 (1814); Lysiella obtusata Rydb., Mem.
N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1 (Fl. Mont.) : 104 (1900).

The typically obovate or oblanceolate, solitary (rarely 2),
basal leaf and the tapering, subequal spur and lip are character-

242 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. Ill, NO. II

istic of this species. The small, few-flowered plants are usually
less than 25 cm. tall.

Damp or wet soil in open or dense coniferous forests, bogs,
swamps, and along stream banks, at high elevations, up to 10,500
ft. in Colorado, 9000 ft. in Utah, 4500 ft. in Alberta; blooming
from June to August throughout its range. Colo. (mostly north-
central part), Utah (Summit), Wyo. (Sublette), Idaho (Cus-
ter), Mont. (Flathead, Glacier, Meagher), Sask., Alta., B. C.,
N. W. Terr., Yukon, Alaska, Aleutian Isls.

7. HABENARIA ORBICULATA (Pursh) Torr., Comp. Fl. North.
& Middle States 318 (1826) ; Orchis orbiculata Pursh, Fl. Am.
Sept. 2: 588 (1814) ; Habenaria Menziesii Macoun, Cat. Can.
Pl., pt. 4: 17 (1888) ; Lysias orbiculata Rydb., Mem. N. Y. Bot.
Gard. 1 (FI. Mont.) : 103 (1900).

The pair of large, succulent, lucid, basal leaves spreading
upon the ground and the erect, scapose inflorescence characterize
this species.

Moist or dry places in forests, swamps and bogs, up to 4000
ft. in Montana, 2000 ft. in Idaho and Washington; blooming
from June to September throughout its range. Idaho (Bonner,
Kootenai, Latah), Mont. (Flathead, Lake), Wash. (King, Sno-
homish, Stevens, Whatcom), B. C., Alaska.

8. HaBENARIA SACCATA Greene, Erythea 3:49 (1895) ; H.
gracilis S. Wats., Proc. Am. Acad, 12: 277, in text (1877), not
Colebrook nor Lindley ; H. stricta Rydb., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club
24: 189 (1897), not A. Rich. & Gal. nor Ridley; Limnorchs
stricta Rydb., Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1 (Fl. Mont.): 105
(1900) ; L. brachypetala Rydb., Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2: 161
(1901), in part; L. gracilis Rydb., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 28: 627
(1901), in part; L. purpurascens Rydb., loc. cit., 269, 615, as
to type specimen and description only; Habenaria hyperborea
var. purpurascens Ames, Orch., fasc. 4:90 (1910); H. pur-
purascens Tidestrom in Tidestrom & Kittell, Fl. Ariz. & N. Mex.
731 (1941) ; H. neomexicana Tidestrom, loc. cit., 731.

The inflorescence of H. saccata is typically an elongated,
laxly or remotely flowered, cylindrical or subsecund raceme. In
this character, this species strongly resembles some forms of
H. sparsiflora. The typically linear lip is conspicuously pendent
and the petals as well as the lip and sometimes the sepals are

JULY, 1943] HABENARIA IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA 243

often marked or suffused with purple or greenish purple. The
typically scrotiform or saccate spur, which is occasionally didy-
mous and purplish, varies from one-third to two-thirds (rarely
longer) the length of the lip. The column is characteristically
small, although some forms approach the large column of H.
sparsiflora. The scrotiform or saccate spur of H. saccata, how-
ever, easily separates such forms from that species. The form
possessing a linear-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate lip and some-
what denser inflorescence, described as Limnorchis purpurascens,
has been included here. This form doubtless represents an ap-
proach to H. hyperborea. However, its saccate spur is more
typical of H. saccata than of that species.

Moist or wet soil in meadows, fields, bogs, thickets, swamps,
marshes, canyons, coniferous forests, on open seepage slopes,
ledges and in or along streams, from sea level up to 12,500 ft.
in Colorado, 9500 ft. in Arizona and Washington, 3500 ft. in
Unalaska; blooming from May to September throughout its
range. N. Mex. (Santa Fe: Lake Peak), Ariz. (Graham and
White Mts.), Colo. (Clear Creek, El Paso, Jefferson), Nev.
(Elko), Calif. (Del Norte, Humboldt, Modoc, Siskiyou, Trinity ),
Wyo. (Lincoln, Yellowstone Pk.), Idaho (widespread), Ore.
(widespread), Mont. (western part), Wash. (mostly north-
western), Alta., B. C., Alaska, Aleutian Isls.

9. HABENARIA SPARSIFLORA S. Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 12:
276 (1877) ; Limnorchis ensifolia Rydb., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club
28: 629 (1901) ; L. sparsiflora Rydb., loc. cit., 631; Habenaria
aggregata Howell, Fl. Northwestern Am. 628 (1902); Lim-
norchis aggregata Frye & Rigg, Northwest Fl. 114 (1912);
Habenaria leucostachys var. virida Jepson, FI. Calif. 1, pt. 6: 331
(1921).

This species is represented by two characteristic forms. One
form, as exhibited by the type, approaches H. saccata in that
the rather short, elliptic, bluntly obtuse leaves are scattered along
the stem and the inflorescence has the elongated, lax aspect of
that species. Another form, described as Limnorchis ensifolia,
has linear-lanceolate leaves which are clustered at or near the
base of the stem and the inflorescence is rather short and densely
flowered. Intermediate conditions are common. Nevertheless,
the essential floral characters are so similar in all of these forms
that it seems unwise to attempt their segregation.

244 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. II

Some forms of H. sparsiflora approach H. limosa. Both are
characterized by a fleshy-thickening near the base of the lip. In
H. sparstflora, however, the thickening tends to extend to near
the middle of the lip. The shorter spur and much larger column
of H. sparsiflora also aid in the separation of this species from
H. limosa. The typically elongated raceme and general habit of
H. sparsiflora are often quite similar to H. saccata. However,
the large flowers with their large column and slender, elongated
spur easily separate this species from H. saccata. The lip is
usually linear or linear-elliptic but may occasionally be linear-
lanceolate.

Moist or wet soil in mountain meadows, marshes, swamps,
bogs, open or dense forests, on stream banks and open seepage
slopes, frequent about springs, from near sea level up to 11,500
ft. in Utah, 9500 ft. in California, Colorado and Nevada; bloom-
ing from April to September throughout its range. N. Mex.
(Lincoln), Ariz. (Oak Creek, Navajo Mt.), Utah (Iron, Piute,
Salt Lake, Utah), Nev. (Washoe), Calif. (widespread), Ore.
(Curry, Josephine), Wash. (Skamania).

9a. Habenaria sparsiflora var. brevifolia (Greene) Correll,
comb. nov.; Habenaria brevifolia Greene, Bot. Gaz. 6:218
(1881) ; Limnorchis brevifolia Rydb., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 28:
GslyGLI01).

Variety brevifolia is distinguished from the typical form
primarily by its abbreviated leaves which are often only clasping
sheaths. The reduced leaves are usually more ovate than in the
typical form and are rarely as much as 9 cm. long. The flowering
habits of both are similar, although the raceme of var. brevifolia
may be somewhat more congested and may extend further down
the stem. Florally, H. sparsiflora and var. brevifolia are almost
identical. However, the sepals of var. brevifolia are sometimes
more acuminate and the spur, which varies from 1 to 2 cm. in
length, is always (but usually only slightly) exceeding the lip
and is often longer than that of typical H. sparsiflora. The
column is large, as in the typical form, and is one-half to two-
thirds the length of the dorsal sepal.

Dry mountain slopes in open pine forests, about 7000 ft.
altitude in New Mexico; blooming in August and September.
N. Mex. (Lincoln, Socorro, Otero).

JULY, 1943] HABENARIA IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA 245

9b. Habenaria sparsiflora var. laxiflora (Rydb.) Correll,
comb. nov.; Limnorchis laxiflora Rydb., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club
28: 630 (1901), as to type specimen and description only;
Habenaria laxiflora S. B. Parish, Pl. World 20: 209 (1917).

This is a small-flowered variety of H. sparsiflora. It includes
two rather distinctive vegetative types. The form so common
in the Charleston Mountains of Nevada, characterized by having
the linear-elliptic to lanceolate leaves clustered at or near the
base of the stem and an elongated, cylindrical raceme, is closely
allied to H. limosa and some forms of H. hyperborea, and it might
well be considered as a variety of either of those species. How-
ever, the flowers of this plant appear to be most closely allied
to H. sparsiflora. The form most frequent on the Pacific Coast
with the elliptic to elliptic-oblong, obtuse leaves scattered on the
stem and the remotely placed flowers, as represented by the type
collections of Limnorchis laxiflora, superficially resembles a
slender-spurred H. saccata and it seems to grade imperceptibly
into that species. There is little doubt that most of the species
included in the section Limnorchis freely hybridize with one
another, thus creating for the taxonomist a most perplexing
hybrid population with which to work.

Moist or wet soil in or around springs, in bogs, marshes,
ravines, meadows, swamps, woods, along stream banks, usually
at high elevations, up to 11,000 ft. in California and Nevada;
blooming from June to August throughout its range. Ariz.
(Coconino, Navajo Indian Res.), Colo. (Rio Blanco), Utah
(Salt Lake, Utah), Nev. (Clark, Esmeralda), Calif. (wide-
spread), Ore. (Klamath).

10. HABENARIA UNALASCENSIS (Spreng.) S. Wats., Proc.
Am. Acad. 12:277,in text (1877); Spiranthes unalascensis
Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 708 (1826) ; Habenaria Cooperi S. Wats.,
Proc. Am. Acad. 12:276 (1877); Montolivea unalaschensis
Rydb., Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1 (Fl. Mont.) : 107 (1900) ;
Piperia unalaschensis Rydb., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 28: 270, 635
(1901) ; Piperia Cooperi Rydb., loc. cit., 636.

This species varies considerably in habit. The leaves, when
present, vary in shape from linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate or
rarely obovate and the inflorescence may consist of only a few

246 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. II

scattered flowers or a rather densely flowered, cylindrical raceme.
However, the flowers, except for minor variations, are similar
in all of the forms examined.

This species is almost ubiquitous, being found under various
ecological conditions. Dry or moist soil on grassy open slopes,
in forests, chaparral, brush-lands, meadows, sandy or gravelly
soil along rivers and streams, in leafmold or coniferous or mixed
coniferous-hardwood forests, usually at low elevations, from
sea level up to 8000 ft. in California and Nevada; blooming from
April to August throughout its range. Colo. (S. Boulder Peak),
Utah (Summit, Weber), Nev. (E. Humboldt Mts.), Calif.
(common, widespread), Wyo. (Lincoln, Teton, Uinta, Yellow-
stone Pk.), Idaho (mostly north-central part), Ore. (mostly
Cascade Mts.), Mont. (western part), Wash. (Cascade and
Olympic Mts.), Alta., B. C., Alaska, Aleutian Isls.

10a. Habenaria unalascensis var. elata (Jepson) Correll,
comb. nov.; H. elegans Bolander, Cat. Pl. Vicinity San Fran-
cisco 29 (1870); H. Michaelii Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci.
1:281 (1885) ; Montolivea elegans Rydb., Mem. N. Y. Bot.
Gard. 1 (FI. Mont.) : 106 (1900), not Reichb. f.; Piperia elegans
Rydb., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 28: 270, 638 (1901) ; P. elongata
Rydb., loc. cit., 270; P. lancifolia Rydb., loc. cit., 637; P. lepto-
petala Rydb., loc. cit., 637; P. multiflora Rydb., loc. cit., 638;
P. longispica Rydb., loc. cit., 639; P. Michaelii Rydb., loc. cit.,
640; Habenaria multiflora Blankenship, Mont. Coll. Agric. &
Mech. Arts, Sci. Stud., Bot. 1:45 (1905) ; H. longispicata S. B.
Parish, Pl. World 20: 209 (1917) ; H. elegans var. elata Jepson,
BE MGalii: lot Os 500 C1921).

Variety elata, except for its elongated spur, is florally iden-
tical to the typical form. However, the floral segments are often
slightly larger and the spur, which is 8 to 18 mm. long, is about
twice as long as the lip, or longer. The plant is usually stouter
and taller and the leaves larger, being typically oblong-elliptic.
Also, the raceme, which may be as much as 6 dm. long, is usually
more densely flowered than in the typical form.

Usually in dry woods, also in dry or moist soil in canyons,
brush-lands, open slopes, barrens, sandhills and on rocky ridges,
usually at low elevations, from sea level up to 8000 ft. in Cali-

JULY, 1943] HABENARIA IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA 247

fornia, 6000 ft. in Idaho; blooming from May to September,
rarely April, throughout its range. Calif. (common, widespread),
Idaho (mostly northern part), Ore. (mostly Cascade Mts.),
Mont. (Flathead), Wash. (widespread), B. C. (southwestern
corner).

10b. Habenaria unalascensis var. maritima (Greene) Cor-
rell, comb. nov.; H. maritima Greene, Pittonia 2: 298 (1892);
Piperia maritima Rydb., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 28: 641 (1901) ;
Habenaria elegans var. maritima Ames, Orch., fase. 4: 113
— (1910).

Variety maritima apparently represents a robust form of var.
elata. However, it is here segregated as a distinct variety of
H. unalascensis. This form is a short, stout plant with large,
broad leaves and a conspicuously congested, often pyramidal,
raceme. The flowers are more nearly white than in the typical
form and are said to be quite fragrant.

Sandy soil of slopes, fields, pastures, bluffs, cliffs and terraces
facing the sea, near or at sea level along the coast; blooming
from July to September. As Ames noted, this variety is found
only under the influence of salt air in the littoral region of Cali-
fornia (Del Norte, Marin, Mendocino, Monterey, San Fran-
cisco, San Mateo) and Oregon (Coos, Curry, Lincoln, Tilla-
mook).

11. Hapenarta viripis (L.) R. Br. var. BRACTEATA (Muhl.
ex Willd.) A. Gray, Man. Bot. North. U. S., ed. 5, 500 (1867) ;
Orchis bracteata Muhl, ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 34 (1805) ; Haben-
aria bracteata R. Br, in Aiton, Hort. Kew., ed. 2, 5: 192 (1813).

The rather large, pendent lip which is unequally tridentate at
the apex and the scrotiform spur are characteristic of this species.
The lowermost floral bracts always greatly exceed the flowers.

Moist or wet soil in dense hardwood or mixed coniferous-
hardwood forests, occasionally in meadows and prairies, up to
9000 ft. in Colorado, 6000 ft. in Wyoming ; blooming from May
to August, rarely earlier, throughout its range. Colo. (Gilpin,
Jefferson, Larimer), Utah (Iron), Neb. (Dawes), Wyo. (Sher-
idan), S. Dak. (Custer, Lawrence), Mont. (Gallatin, Lake,
Wheatland), Wash. (rare in Cascade Mts.), Sask., Alta., B. C.,
N. W. Terr., Yukon, Alaska, Aleutian Isls.

248 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VoL. Ill, NO. 11

VARIATIONS IN CASTILLEJA PLAGIOTOMA
BY ALICE EASTWOOD

Of all the species of Castilleja this is the most distinctive and
once seen is always immediately recognized. In the Synoptical
Flora (vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 452), Gray describes the peculiar calyx
which separates this species from all others: “normally bilabiate,
i. e., cleft at the sides deeper than before or behind, upper lip
emarginate, lower obcordately 2-cleft.” The type was collected
by C. G. Pringle in the Mohave Desert, California. I have not
seen the type but from other specimens collected in various parts
of the Mohave Desert which in general agree, I find that the
upper lip consists of two lobes that in some are so united by the
dense white tomentum that they seem to be one and the emargi-
nation is where they are separable. In others the lobes are quite
distinct. The longer division of the calyx is adjacent to the lower
lip of the corolla and its lobes are generally oblong, though in
some there is a slight broadening upwards. The shorter division
is at the back of the galea and the two parts are separated by a
sinus broad and rounding or almost acute.

Since I have already studied the variations in the parts of
the flowers in C. latifolia H. & A. and C. affinis H. & A. (Leafl.
West. Bot. 1:235—238), a study of specimens of a species so
well marked as this induced the examination of specimens from
the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences and those
from the University of California Herbarium.

The specimen from Oil Canyon, western Fresno County, col-
lected by Eastwood and Howell differs somewhat in appearance
from those from the Mohave Desert. The leaves have more
linear divisions and in general the bracts are five-cleft instead of
three-cleft. The difference in the teeth of the lower lip of the
corolla seemed very distinct in some flowers examined, not dis-
cernible in others. I am in doubt as to the value of the descrip-
tions of the lower lip of the corolla since it is very thin and
inconspicuous and the teeth very small. The spike is yellowish-
white from the color of the corolla and the dense wool on the
divisions of the calyx and bracts. The specimen collected by the
author on the white hills separating the Cuyama Valley from the
Carrizo Plain resembles the plants from the Mohave Desert
rather than those from Oil Canyon, though it is out of its general
range and in a region more like the oil country of Fresno County.

249

JULY, 1943] VARIATIONS IN CASTILLEJA PLAGIOTOMA

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250 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [voL. Ill, NO. II

THE VARIETIES OF ASTRAGALUS DECUMBENS

BY ARTHUR CRONQUIST
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis

There has been much confusion, both in the nomenclature
and in the taxonomic interpretation, of the species which Marcus
E. Jones (1923) treated as Astragalus campestris (Nutt. ex T.
& G.) A. Gray. After observing some of the varieties in the field,
and working with herbarium specimens at intervals for several
years, I am convinced that Jones’ taxonomic interpretation was
nearly correct. His treatment did not help the confused nomen-
clature, however. He listed A. campestris (typical), and the
varieties decumbens, hylophilus, crispatus, and serotinus. Asa
synonym of var. decumbens he listed A. convallarius Greene,
a name which was founded on A. campestris Gray. (Greene
pointed out, quite correctly, that the name A. campestris Gray is
untenable because of the earlier A. campestris L.). Further-
more, Jones made a most peculiar interpretation of how the name
A. campestris Gray should be applied. His A. campestris
(typical) is the low hairy form having narrow but well-developed
leaflets, which he says has the “stems mostly flat on the ground.”
This is difficult to reconcile with the original description, which
reads, in part, “nearly erect, stout, with rigid rush-like branches

. [leaves] bearing 3-5 pairs of rigid linear-subulate leaflets,
the upper ones 3-foliolate or simple.” The description of Homalo-
bus campestris Nutt. ex T. & G. (i. e., A. campestris) indeed
indicates a plant very similar to the species which Jones treated as
A. junceus, also an untenable name.*

Macbride (1922) considered A. campestris Gray to be in-
separable from A. junceus, but quite distinct from the other units
grouped under Jones’ A. campestris. In that respect I agree with
Macbride, that the names A. campestris and A. junceus properly
apply to a rush-like species which is related to, but readily dis-
tinguishable from, the species which Jones treated as A. cam-
pestris. Since both the names A. campestris and A. junceus are
preoccupied, the oldest available name for the unit to which they
belong is A. diversifolius A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad., 6: 230
(1864).

*Astragalus junceus Ledeb. in Spreng., Syst. Veg., 3:297 (1826), is va

published, and antedates by many years A. junceus (Nutt. ex T. & G
A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad., 6:230 (1864).

JULY, 1943] VARIETIES OF ASTRAGALUS DECUMBENS 251

Tidestrom (1937), without giving any reasons, has recently
made the combinations A. convallarius diversifolius and A. con-
vallarius hylophilus, while apparently regarding A, decumbens
as a distinct species. Aside from the taxonomic questions in-
volved, his procedure is quite indefensible, since the name A. di-
versifolius (1864) antedates A. convallarius (1893).

The nomenclature is thus seen to be badly confused. On the
taxonomic side, it might be pointed out that Rydberg (1929)
was able to see 14 species in what Jones treated as one poly-
morphic species.

The oldest available name for the species which Jones treated
as A. campestris is A. decumbens (Nutt. ex T. & G.) A. Gray,
Proc. Am. Acad., 6:229 (1864), which has clear priority over
A. decumbens Boiss., Fl. Orient., 2:429 (1867). This name, in
the restricted sense, applies to the low, narrow-leaved, usually
hairy form of the species, which Jones treated in part as A. cam-
pestris proper. Inasmuch as he had seen the type collection of
A. campestris, which his photograph shows to be the rush-like
plant described by Torrey and Gray, it is difficult to see how he
arrived at his interpretation. His A. campestris var. decumbens
appears to be this phase also, at least in part, although his com-
ments are contradictory and confusing. The oldest epithet that
has been applied to typical A. decumbens as a variety is also
decumbens (A. campestris var, decumbens Jones), so that it may
be known as A, decumbens (Nutt. ex T. & G.) A. Gray var,
decumbens (Nutt.) Cron. (Homalobus decumbens Nutt. ex
T.&G,, Fl. N. Am., 1: 352,—1838).

Jones’ A. campestris var. crispatus is represented in his her-
barium by a single collection (Jones, Alta, Montana). It is
similar to var. decumbens but rather loosely silvery-pubescent,
the hairs on the pods fine and somewhat twisted. It may be a
good variety, but at least until more is collected and it is shown
to be reasonably constant, I prefer to regard it as an extreme
form of var. decumbens, which is sometimes closely silvery.

Similar to the variety decumbens, and having about the same
range, but less pubescent, and with broad obtuse leaflets, is
the plant which has usually been called A. hylophilus (Rydb.)
A. Nels. The oldest epithet that has been applied to it as a variety
is oblongifolius (A. hylophilus var. oblongtfolius Macbr., Contr.
Gray Herb., n. ser., 65: 37,—1922), so that it may be known as

252 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOoL. Ill, NO. I1

A. decumbens (Nutt. ex T. & G.) A. Gray var. oblongifolius
(Rydb.) Cron. (Homalobus oblongifolius Rydb., Bull. Torr.
Club, 34: 50,—1907). This is Jones’ A. campestris var. hy-
lophilus.

Similar to the variety oblongifolius, but taller, with longer
relatively narrower leaflets, the terminal one sometimes not dis-
tinctly articulated to the rachis, is the phase which has been called
Homalobus decurrens Rydb. Jones reduced this to A. campestris
var. hylophilus, but on the basis of five collections known to me
I think it distinctive enough to warrant varietal recognition. It
may be known as A. decumbens (Nutt. ex T. & G.) A. Gray
var. decurrens (Rydb.) Cron. (Homalobus decurrens Rydb.,
Bull. Torr. Club, 31 : 563—1904. )

Occupying a range mostly to the northwestward of the other
varieties is a phase which is commonly tall (2—5 dm.), only
moderately pubescent, and with fairly narrow and acute leaflets.
In one of his earlier papers Jones called this A. decumbens var.
serotinus, which stands as the correct name.

To recapitulate, the varieties of Astragalus decumbens, as
I understand them, and their probable synonyms, as indicated by
descriptions and cited specimens, are:

1. ASTRAGALUS DECUMBENS var. DECUMBENS (Nutt.) Cron.

Homalobus decumbens Nutt. ex T. & G., Fl. N. Am. 1: 352 (1838) ;

Homalobus tenuifolius Nutt. ex T. & G., loc. cit. ;

Astragalus divergens Blankinship, Mont. Bot. Stud. 1: 73 (1905) ;

Homalobus camporum Rydb., Bull. Torr. Club 32: 666 (1906) ;

Homalobus divergens Rydb., loc. cit. 34:417 (1907) ;

Homalobus humilis Rydb., loc. cit. 34: 417 (1907) ;

Homalobus microcarpus Rydb., loc. cit. 34: 417 (1907) ;

Homalobus paucijugus Rydb., loc. cit. 34: 418 (1907) ;

Astragalus Carltonii Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 65: 36
(1922) ;

Astragalus Garrettii Macbride, loc. cit.;

Astragalus campestris var. decumbens Jones, Rev. N. Am. Sp.
Astr. p. 74 (1923) ;

? Astragalus campestris var. crispatus Jones, op. cit. p. 75;

? Homalobus Hitchcockii Rydb., N. Am. Fl. 24 (part 5): 271
(1929). ‘

Plant low, tufted, mostly 15 cm. high or less; leaflets mostly narrow,
often folded, usually acute, seldom over 1 cm. long, strigose on the lower
surfaces, usually also strigose above, but sometimes glabrate, the terminal
one sometimes an elongated scarcely expanded continuation of the rachis;
inflorescence usually compact and short, at least in flower; pod moderately

JULY, 1943] VARIETIES OF ASTRAGALUS DECUMBENS 253

to densely pubescent, sometimes only sparsely so. Colorado, Wyoming,
Montana, Idaho, Utah, and probably Nevada.

2. ASTRAGALUS DECUMBENS var. SEROTINUS (A. Gray) Jones.

Astragalus serotinus A. Gray, Pac. R. R. Rep. 12:51 (1860) ;

Astragalus Palliseri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6:227 (1864) ;

Astragalus strigosus Coult. & Fish., Bot. Gaz. 18: 299 (1893) ;

Astragalus griseopubescens Sheld., Minn. Bot. Stud. 1:24 (1894) ;

Homalobus serotinus Rydb., Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 248 (1900) ;

Astragalus decumbens var. serotinus Jones, Contr. West. Bot.
no. 10:58 (1902) ;

Homalobus strigosus Rydb., Bull. Torr. Club 40:53 (1913) ;

Astragalus serotinus var. strigosus Macbr., Contr. Gray Herb.
n. ser. 65:37 (1922) ;

Astragalus serotinus var. Palliseri Macbr., loc. cit. ;

Astragalus campestris var. serotinus Jones, Rev. N. Am. Sp. Astr.
p. 75 (1923).

Plant mostly 2—5 dm. high, often rather straggly ; leaflets mostly lance-
linear to linear, acute, strigose below, strigose or glabrate above, seldom
over 2.5 cm. long; inflorescence rather loose and elongate; pod sparsely to
moderately strigose, rarely densely strigose or glabrate. Alberta and
British Columbia to Washington, Idaho, Montana, and northern Wyoming.

3. ASTRAGALUS DECUMBENS var. OBLONGIFOLIUS (Rydb.) Cron.

Homalobus hylophilus Rydb., Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 247
(1900) ;

Homalobus oblongifolius Rydb., Bull. Torr. Club 34:50 (1907) ;

Astragalus hylophilus A. Nels. in Coult. & Nels., Man. Ry. Mt.
Bot. p. 291 (1909) ;

Astragalus hylophilus var. oblongifolius Macbr., Contr. Gray
Herb. n. ser. 65:37 (1922) ;

Astragalus campestris var. hylophilus Jones, Rev. N. Am. Sp.
Astr. p. 75 (1923) ;

Astragalus convallarius hylophilus Tidestrom, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Wash. 50:20 (1937).

Plant mostly 1—3 dm. high; leaflets rather closely set, broad, lanceolate
to elliptic or oblong, mostly 2 cm. long or less, mostly obtuse, sparingly
strigose below, glabrous above; inflorescence mostly short and compact,
sometimes loose and elongate; pod sparsely strigose or more commonly
glabrous. Montana, Utah, Idaho, Wyoming, South Dakota, and Colorado.

4. ASTRAGALUS DECUMBENS var. DECURRENS (Rydb.) Cron.

_ Homalobus decurrens Rydb., Bull. Torr. Club 31 :563 (1904) ;
Astragalus Rydbergii Macbr., Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 65: 37
(1922).
Plant mostly 3—4 dm. high; leaflets lanceolate, acute, mostly 2—5 cm.
long, rather distantly set, strigose below, glabrous above, the terminal one
often larger than the others and not distinctly articulated to the rachis;

254 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. II

inflorescence mostly somewhat loose, occasionally compact; pod glabrous
or sparingly strigose. Colorado and apparently Nevada; perhaps else-
where.

I wish to thank Dr. P. A. Munz, of Pomona College, for the
loan of Marcus E. Jones’ material of Astragalus decumbens.

REFERENCES

1. Jones, M. E. 1923. Revision of the North American Species of
Astragalus.

2. Macbride, J. F. 1922. Revision of Astragalus, subgenus Homalobus.
Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 65 : 28—39.

3. Tidestrom, I. 1937. Notes on Astragalus [Tournef.] L. Proc. Biol. Soc.
Wash. 50: 17—22.

4. Rydberg, P. A. 1929. Homalobus. N. Am. FI. 24 (pt. 5) : 256—280.

OBSERVATIONS ON CALIFORNIAN PLANTS—III
BY ROBERT F. HOOVER

The present notes deal exclusively with certain plants of the
Sweetwater Mountains northwest of Bridgeport in Mono County,
where I was able to spend two days in the summer of 1941. There
is no published record indicating that any other botanist has col-
lected in this mountain range. The most notable fact concerning
the flora of the Sweetwater Mountains is, perhaps, the common
occurrence there of certain species which are rare in the Sierra
Nevada to the west. Here are mentioned only species of particu-
lar interest, which are rare or which represent range extensions.

Poa LEPTOCOMA Trin, is rare in California, where it has been
known to occur only in the central Sierra Nevada, It is locally
abundant in wet places in the upper watershed of Deep Creek in
the Sweetwater Mountains, Hoover No. 5560.

Etymus ScrIBNERI (Vasey) Jones. Agropyron Scribnert
Vasey. Mt. Patterson, Hoover No.5553. Ihave found no previ-
ous reference to the occurrence of this species in California, or
any other specimens indicating such occurrence.

Although this is hardly the place for a complete discussion
of generic limits, an explanation of my listing this species as
Elymus rather than Agropyron may be called for. After a care-
ful study of the species occurring in California, it does not seem
that any of the native North American species customarily re-
ferred to Agropyron are generically separable from Elymus. The
original species of Agropyron belongs to a distinct Old-World
group having crowded compressed spikelets, and I believe that

JULY, 1943 | OBSERVATIONS ON CALIFORNIAN PLANTS 255

the generic name should be restricted to that group of species.
It has been customary to include in Agropyron those species of
Elymus which have usually solitary spikelets, but the occurrence
of both paired and solitary spikelets in several species, including
such common ones as E. glaucus and E. triticoides, constitutes a
strong argument against such a course. If the number of spike-
lets at a node is taken as a generic character, then it is found that
two different genera very frequently occur on a single plant!

Elymus Saundersii Vasey var. californicus Hoover, var. nov., aristis
glumarum 5—16 mm. longis, aristis lemmarum 7—30 mm. longis.

Upper Cottonwood Creek, Hoover No. 5568 (type). Other
collections: Patterson Flat, Lassen Co., Fischer & Johnson No.
F233; north side of Pigeon Flat, Alpine Co., Hoover No. 5480;
Eagle Meadow, Tuolumne Co., Hoover No. 5495; Tuolumne
Meadows, Sharsmith No. 390 in part; trail from Bullion Flat to
Mineral King, Tulare Co., Dudley No. 2562.

This plant appears to differ from E. Saundersit, a Colorado
species, only in the shorter awns, so that it seems best regarded
asa variety. In typical E. Saundersii the awns of the glumes are
2 to 4 cm. long and those of the lemmas 2.5 to 5 cm. long. Like
the typical form of the species, the variety here described has
most of the spikelets solitary but there are often a few paired ones
in each spike. It may be noted that Elymus Hansenti Scribner
(Sitanion Hansenii J. G. Smith), which is widely distributed in
California, is also closely related to E. Saundersit and may not
be specifically distinct, but it appears always to have two spikelets
(though one of them may be reduced and sterile) at each node.

STIPA PINETORUM Jones in the Sierra Nevada occurs only
at high altitudes. In the Sweetwater Mountains it grows from
about 7000 to 9000 feet, but was not seen on the higher moun-
tains. A form having pubescent foliage was collected in the hills
along Hot Creek near the base of the Sweetwater Mountains,
Hoover No. 5443.

CAREX VALLICOLA Dewey. Common in dry places in the
upper basin of Deep Creek, Hoover No. 5562. The collection
was identified by Dr. F. J. Hermann, who states that this species
has not previously been found in California.

CLAYTONIA NEVADENSIs Watson, which had been found only
in a restricted area in the central Sierra Nevada, was collected
along upper Deep Creek, Hoover No. 5561.

256 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. Ill, NO. II

ASTRAGALUS INEPTUS Gray has been collected several times
in the Sonora Pass region of the Sierra Nevada. It is locally
common at relatively low altitudes in the Sweetwater Mountains:
upper Cottonwood Creek, Hoover No. 5537.

CYMOPTERUS CINERARIUS Gray is a rare species originally
collected near Sonora Pass. In the Sweetwater Mountains it
was found growing on rock-slides near Mt. Patterson, Hoover
No. 5545.

ANDROSACE SEPTENTRIONALIS L, var. SUBUMBELLATA A. Nel-
son. Mt. Patterson, Hoover No. 5559. Rarely collected in
California.

PoLEMONIUM CHARTACEUM Mason. Mt. Patterson, among
rocks above timberline, Hoover No. 5548. I have seen no refer-
ence to any other collections except from the White Mountains
of Mono County.

CRYPTANTHA GLOMERIFLORA Greene. Along upper Cotton-
wood Creek, Hoover No. 5540, locally very abundant and un-
usually large for this species. It is not common in the Sierra
Nevada, where it never grows thickly nor luxuriantly.

Senecio revolutus Hoover, spec. nov. Perennis caulibus erectis ramosis
floriferis ex rhizomatibus gracilibus patentibus, caulibus 7—10 cm. altis,
prorsus et dense foliosis, purpurascentibus prope basin ; foliis ascendentibus,
10—35 mm. longis, linearibus, sinuatis dentatis vel integris, valde revolutis
margine; phyllariis 12—18, scariosis margine, nigris vel viridibus apice,
7—8 mm. longis; floribus luteis, radii circa 8, 5—6 mm. longis; acheniis
(immaturis) pallide fuscis, 3.5 mm. longis.

Plant with slender creeping rhizomes and erect branching flowering
stems; stems 7 to 10 cm. tall, densely leafy throughout, purplish near the
base, each branch terminating in a head; leaves ascending, 10 to 35 mm.
long, linear, sinuate, dentate, or apparently entire, the margins strongly
revolute; involucral bracts 12 to 18, scarious-margined, with or without
black tips, 7 or 8 mm. long; flowers yellow; rays about 8, 5 or 6 mm. long;
achenes (immature) light brown, 3.5 mm. long.

Mt. Patterson, above timberline, Hoover No. 5550. One
other collection, also from Mono County, has been seen: south
of Emma Lake, French No. 855.

The only species which seems closely related to the one here
described is S. Fremontiu T. & G., which has very different leaves.
Senecio Fremontu apparently never develops true creeping rhi-
zomes, although the stems may root near the base. The stout
woody main roots of S. Fremonti are lacking in S. revolutus.

at

\/ Vor. III No. 12

LEAFLETS

GM)
WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS

PAGE

Two New Species from BajaCalifornia . . . . . 257
Axicre Eastwoop

Notes on the Distribution of California Grasses . . .~. 258
A. A. BEETLE

Some Weedy Californian Bedstraws. . . . « « 260
Joun THomas Howe Ly

meee ioalitotninn ROse sk fee we ew Oe
A ice Eastwoop

fnteson Calyptridium..) 6. - oe ww te we OR

Joun Tuomas Howe tt

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
NovemMpBeEr 18, 1943

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

A publication on the exotic flora of California and on the
native flora of western North America, appearing about four
times each year. Subscription price, $1.00 annually; single
numbers, 40c. Address: John Thomas Howell, California
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco,
California.

Cited as

LEAFL. WEst. Bor.

RPO RUA OU UU

PLO Ee Did AUT AA hs ie Rend ha |

Owned and published by

Atice Eastwoop and JoHn THomas HoweEti

. 4 > os oe

Tg ee ne

NOVEMBER, 1943 | TWO NEW SPECIES 257

TWO NEW SPECIES FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA
BY ALICE EASTWOOD

Hypericum peninsulare Eastw., spec. nov. Suffruticosum, erectum,
stricto-ramosum, glabrum, circa 2—3 dm. altum; caulibus senioribus por-
phyreis, decorticatis, junioribus viridibus, tenuibus, nonnihil 4-angulatis;
‘foliis anguste lanceolatis vel linearibus, marginibus revolutis, apice acutis,
basi sessilibus, 5—20 mm. longis, 1—3 mm. latis, supra et infra dense atro-
punctatis, sepe papillosis, supra viridibus, infra glaucis; floribus prope
sessilibus in cymis terminalibus, ramis spe elongatis; sepalis lanceolatis
vel oblongis, acutis, striatis, circa 3 mm. longis, 1—2 mm. latis, prope #quali-
bus; petalis luteis, bis longioribus sepalis; staminibus 15—20, distinctis;
capsula acuminata, superante calycem; stylis 3.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 294479, collected October
13, 1941, by Betty J. Hammerly, No. 382, on Sierra de la
Laguna, elev. about 5000 feet, Baja California. It was abundant
on dry rocky margins of the meadow.

This is closely related to Hypericum Eastwoodianum John-
ston from the Revillagigedo Islands and resembles it in general
habit of growth and leaves. The sepals are different in shape,
the stamens are fewer, and the ripe capsule surpasses the calyx
with the spreading styles conspicuous.

Ipomoea odorata Eastw., spec. nov. Caules tenues, glabri, dense volu-
biles; foliis basi reniformibus, apice acutis acuminatisve, 2—3 cm. latis,
2—4 cm. longis, petiolis gracilibus, brevissimis ad 4 cm. longis; pedunculis
2—4 cm. longis, prope basin articulatis ; floribus solitariis, odoratis ; sepalis
membranaceis, glabris, 3 interioribus anguste oblongis, obtusis, apiculatis,
circa 15 mm. longis, 5 mm. latis, sepalis 2 exterioribus circa 1 cm. longis,
4mm. latis, apice obtusis ; corolla rosea, infundibulari, 6—7 cm. longa, limbo
circa 7 cm. lato, tubo 2 cm. longo, zquilongo calyci; stylo et staminibus
ex fauce exsertis, brevioribus corolla; filamentis adnatis basi corollz, ali-

quando pilosis ; antheris linearibus, 4 cm. longis, acutis; stylo glabro, stig-
mate capitato.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 294296, collected Oct. 30,
1941, by Betty J. Hammerly, No. 172, 5 miles north of Comondu,
Baja California. “It grew on open plateau thickly strewn with
lava boulders. Flowers pink with heavy sweet odor.”’

This is related to J. tastensis Bdg., differing in smaller flowers
with shorter corolla-tube, the limb obtusely undulate. Another
collection is Hammerly No. 104, south end of Viscaino Desert,
about 15 miles north of San Ignacio, in a rocky, shallow,

dry arroyo; flowers light pink with heavy sweet odor; Herb.
No. 294297.

Leafil. West. Bot., Vol. III, No. 12, pp. 257-276, November 18, 1943.

258 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 12

NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF
CALIFORNIA GRASSES

BY A, A. BEETLE
Division of Agronomy, University of California, Davis

In spite of the relatively short time during which the grasses
of California have been studied, it cannot be said that they are
poorly known. The first comprehensive list of these grasses was
made by Bolander (Grasses of the State in Transactions of the
State Agric. Soc. for 1864-65, pp. 131-145). At this time he
knew 112 grasses growing without cultivation, of which 31 were
introductions. Three hundred ninety are now known in the state,
282 native, and 108 introduced. Only 45 of the names used by
Bolander have successfully survived the scrutiny of botanists
and changes in nomenclature.

The following notes, accumulated during a two-year poe
of intensive collecting and study of the California grasses, are
intended to round out the knowledge of the distribution of Cali-
fornia grasses as given at present in manuals and periodicals.
Unless otherwise stated the specimens cited are in the Grass
Herbarium of the Agronomy Division, College of Agriculture,
University of California, Berkeley.

FEGILOPS CYLINDRICA Host., as revealed by a thorough search
of California herbaria, has been collected only once in this state,
namely, by A. E. Martin in 1939, Siskiyou Co. (Herb. State Dept.
Agric., Sacramento). Since annual weeds frequently appear for
only a season, arising as impurities in seed mixtures, it seems
illogical to give this species a place in the California flora.

7EGILOPS OVATA L., like A. cylindrica, is known in California
from a single collection. Although it has usually been reported
from Mendocino Co. it was actually collected in 1928 at Two
Rock Ranch, Willows, Glenn Co. (Herb. State Dept. Agric.,
Sacramento).

Acrostis HENDERSONI! Hitchce. has been collected in Shasta
Co., 5 miles south of Ingot, Beetle No. 3277. This is the third
recorded collection of the grass, and the second collection in Cali-
fornia. It has previously been known from the type collection,
Henderson No. 12387, Jackson Co., Oregon, and Hoover No.
532a, Merced Co., California, as reported by R. F. Hoover ( Notes
on California Grasses, Madrofio 3: 230,—1936).

NOVEMBER, 1943] CALIFORNIA GRASSES 259

Bromus TrIN1I Desv. is reported by Hitchcock (Manual of
the Grasses of the United States, 57,1935) as introduced from
Chile. The occurrence of a described variety in the Panamint
Mountains would lead one to suppose that it is native and in its
limited California occurrence on wooded slopes it hardly simu-
lates other weedy bromes. Robbins (Alien plants growing with-
out cultivation in California, Univ. of Calif. College of Agric.
Exper. Sta. Bull. 637,—1940) includes this species to the neglect
of such obvious introductions as Phalaris minor Retz., Keleria
phleoides (Vill.) Pers., Poa bulbosa L., Setaria geniculata
(Lam.) Beauv., Setaria italica (L.) Beauv., Aira precox L.,
Andropogon saccharoides Swartz, Agrostis palustris Huds.,
A. stolonifera L., and A, tenuis Sibth. It is possible that Bromus
Trinii may, along with Poa secunda Presl, form a natural link
between the Californian and Chilean floras.

EHRHATA ERECTA Lam., escaping from the Agronomy Di-
vision Grass Garden, Berkeley, has established itself locally. It
has been collected by Beetle No. 1744 and Stebbins No. 3063.

FESTUCA ARIZONICA Vasey has been collected on Clark Mt.
in San Bernardino Co. by Munz No. 12913 (Herb. Pomona
College).

HELEOCHLOA SCHGNOIDES (L.) Host. has been collected a
few miles east of Davis, Yolo Co., by Raynor in 1940 and by
Tofsrud in 1942. Tofsrud found the same plant in 1942 on the
road between Rio Vista and Fairfield in a drainage ditch. This
species is introduced from the Mediterranean region.

MUHLENBERGIA REPENS Hitchc. was collected by Johnston
in 1916 on Red Hill near Claremont in southern California
(Dudley Herb., Stanford Univ.).

NEOSTAPFIA COLUSANA Davy has been collected near Merced,
Merced Co., according to a specimen collected by H. R. Guilbert,
June 8, 1938 (Herb. Bot. Dept., Davis). If the plant is extinct
at the type locality as has been reported, then this is the only
locality known at present besides those reported by Hoover in
Stanislaus Co. (Leafl. West. Bot. 2: 273).

Puoriurus incurvus (L.) Schinz & Thell. has been col-
lected 12 miles north of Williams, Colusa Co., Beetle No. 3271.
Previously this species was thought to be confined to coastal
marshes from the San Francisco Bay region southward.

260 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 12

SCHISMUS BARBATUS (L.) Thell. Santa Barbara, Santa Bar-
bara Co., Beetle No. 3225 ; 28 miles north of Travis, San Bernar-
dino Co., Beetle No. 3198; 13 miles south of Pasadena, Los
Angeles Co., Beetle No. 3085. Other recent California collections
are: Imperial Co., Hastings in 1941; Riverside Co., Yates No.
6415; and Kern Co., Yates No. 6515.

ScHiIsmMus ARABICUS Nees. South side of Tulare Lake,
Kings Co., Beetle No. 2989 ; 3 miles east of Lost Hills, Kern Co.,
Beetle No. 2990. This introduced annual has also been found
recently by Hoover: Kings Co., No. 3321, and Fresno Co., No.
443. Schismus arabicus and S. barbatus although superficially
similar are easily separated as indicated by Hoover (Leafl. West.
Bot. 3: 114—115,—1942).

StipA ParisHit Vasey is so readily distinguishable from
S. coronata by its once geniculate awn and small dense panicle
that there seems no reason to omit it from the California flora
as Hitchcock consistently does. It occurs in Inyo Co., Duran
No. 3466 (Dudley Herb., Stanford Univ.) ; Los Angeles Co.,
Elmer No. 4165; San Bernardino Co., Beetle No. 3667; River-
side Co., Jaeger in 1922 (Dudley Herb., Stanford Univ.) ; and
San Diego Co., Abrams No. 3637 (Dudley Herb., Stanford
Univ.).

SOME WEEDY CALIFORNIAN BEDSTRAWS

BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

On a field trip in San Anselmo Canyon above Fairfax, Marin
County, on June 7, 1942, I found the two kinds of Galiwm that I
have been calling G. parisiense L. and G. parisiense var. anglicum
Huds. (sic), as they are given in Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 958.
The plants were very unlike in habit and fruit, and a study of
them seems to indicate that two specific entities are involved.
Following Boissier (Fl. Orient. 3:72), I shall call the coarser
plant with stems retrorsely aculeolate and with fruits densely
hispidulous G. parisiense L., and the more delicate plant with
stems nearly or quite smooth and with half smaller granulate
fruits G. divaricatum Lam. Those who may prefer to follow
more conservative European workers may call the latter plant
G. parisiense var. divaricatum (Lam.) Koch. An English collec-

NOVEMBER, 1943] WEEDY CALIFORNIA BEDSTRAWS 261

tion of G. anglicum Huds. (G. parisiense var. leiocarpum Tausch)
in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. seems to differ from G. parisiense only
in the hairless, granulate fruit.

Galium divaricatum is in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. from the
following counties of California: Yuba, Mendocino, Lake, So-
noma, Napa, and Marin. Collections of G. parisiense are from
Butte, Calaveras, Tuolumne, Humboldt, Mendocino, Napa, and
Marin counties.

AY ’

On April 26, 1942, I found Galinm murale (L.) All. very
common on the east side of the Oakland Hills near Redwood Peak
in Contra Costa County (No. 16953). Heretofore it has been
known in California only from Santa Clara County near Stanford
University (Stacey, Leafl. West. Bot. 1:69, where the specific
name is attributed to DeCandolle in error).

7 7 if

Galium Mollugo L. is another Old World bedstraw which has
been found growing spontaneously in California but which has
not been listed for the state. The plant first came to my attention
in a specimen from Mr. Joseph P. Tracy (Parks & Tracy No.
11451) which was collected in a pasture near Trinidad, Hum-
boldt County, in the summer of 1937. Also in Herb. Calif. Acad.
Sci. is a specimen of a plant which grew spontaneously in a
ploughed orchard at Menlo Park, San Mateo County, collected
by Mrs. Joseph Donahoe in July, 1922. It is not known if the
species has persisted in either of these localities. In Oregon,
Peck (Man. Higher Pl. Oreg. p. 685) reports G. Mollugo as
“sparingly established in lawns in the Willamette Valley” ; and
in eastern North America it is widely naturalized along road-
sides and in fields (cf. Gray’s Manual, ed. 7, p. 749).

Among our native species of bedstraw, G. Mollugo most
closely resembles G. asperrimum Gray, but from that species
which usually has bristly-hairy fruits, G. Mollugo can be dis-
tinguished by its more floriferous appearance, somewhat swollen
nodes, and glabrous fruits.

262 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. 12

A NEW CALIFORNIAN ROSE
BY ALICE EASTWOOD

Rosa Lesterze Eastwood, spec. nov. Procumbens et prostrata, caulibus
radicantibus glabris, setis paucis divaricatis non curvatis, 5 mm. longis infra
stipulas; foliolis 3—5, rotundatis glabris serratis vel biserratis, dentibus
apice obtusis vel acutis et gladulosis, supra viridibus, infra pallidioribus;
petiolis et rhachidibus stipitato-glandulosis; stipulis adnatis circa 3 mm.,
parte libera acuta vel acuminata margine stipitato-glandulosa; floribus
1—3, pedunculis glabris, brevissimis tectis bracteis; hypanthio glabro
orbiculato ; sepalis ovato-lanceolatis apiculatis, circa 6 mm. longis, 3—4 mm.
latis, exteriore glabris vel paucis stipitatis glandibus dorso et margine.
interiore tomentosis post anthesin reflexis ; corolla rosea, petalis obcordatis,
circa 1.5 cm. longis, 1 cm. latis.

Type: Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 290633, collected May 14,
1941, along the road between Dobbins and Camptonville, Yuba
County, California, by Lester Rowntree. She reported it as
growing amid Chamebatia and Iris Hartwegu and as having
very fragrant flowers.

- It belongs with the R. spithamea Watson group and is nearest
to R. sonomensis Greene. It differs from both in the smooth
leaves and hypanthium, also in the very short and smooth
peduncles. It is a great pleasure to name this rose in honor of
this writer who has done so much to make known by her writings
and distribution of plants, some of the lovely plants of California
not previously cultivated. She has recently given her valuable
herbarium, representing the plants collected on her extensive
explorations in California and Mexico, to the California Academy
of Sciences.

NOTES ON CALYPTRIDIUM
BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

1h

On July 31, 1942, in the high southern Sierra Nevada in
Tulare County, California, I collected a tiny annual portula-
caceous plant (J. T. Howell No. 17427) which grew on a sandy
flat on the floor of Big Arroyo at an elevation of 9900 ft. (cf.
Howell, 1942, p. 13). In the field I thought it might be Calyp-
tridium roseum Wats., a rather rare but widely distributed plant
of the Great Basin from eastern California and Oregon to
Wyoming, but a subsequent study of the material revealed that
it was probably C. pygmeum Parish ex Rydb. (Rydberg, 1932,

NOVEMBER, 1943] NOTES ON CALYPTRIDIUM 263

p. 320), a plant known only from the type collection from the
San Bernardino Mountains of southern California. Since there
were several minor points in which my plants seemed to differ
from Rydberg’s description, I have compared it with the type
of the species which is in the Dudley Herbarium, Stanford Uni-
versity. I have concluded that the two plants are specifically the
same although there is a notable difference in the seeds of the
two collections: in the type the seeds are a little larger and are
low-tuberculate ; in the Sierran plant the smaller seeds are smooth
except around the edges. In the type the larger leaves nearly
equal or exceed the inflorescences while in the plants from the
Sierra the leaves are smaller and much shorter; but the more
vigorous habit and the green rather than reddish color of the type
plants are believed to be due to environmental conditions. Where
C. pygmeum grew in the Big Arroyo it was associated with
Polygonum sawatchense Small, Navarretia divaricata (Torr.)
Greene, and Cryptantha glomeriflora Greene.

While I was comparing the plants of C. pygmeum with speci-
mens of C. roseum, I came across another and earlier collection
of C. pygmeum from the Sierra Nevada, that of Frank W. Peir-
son made on Aug. 3, 1937, in the Rock Creek Lake Basin, 10550
ft., Inyo County (Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci.). The collection bears
the name C. roseum and is a mixture of that species and C. pyg-
meum. According to Mr. Peirson’s data, the Calyptridium was
“first-collected in 1934 under my number 11269. Rather scarce
in sandy and gravelly flats on glacial ridges near Heart Lake.”
An examination of Peirson No. 11269 (Herb. Peirson.) showed
all of it to be C. roseum. The discovery of these collections of
C. pygmeum in the Sierra Nevada adds another notable name to
the plants already known from both the southern Sierra Nevada
and the high mountains of southern California.

The type of C. pygmeum is Parish No. 1803 and carries the
following data: dry hill, Bear Valley, San Bernardino Moun-
tains, 6500 ft., June, 1885. On the label under the name of the
species, Parish wrote a later determination, “C. Parryi Gray—
depauperate.” Because of Parish’s redetermination and because
C. pygmeum was only separated with some difficulty from
C. roseum, I critically examined characters by which the three
might be distinguished.

264 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 12

Some of the results of this study have been quite unexpected
and have revealed a new arrangement of the species in Calyp-
tridium along lines which are possibly more natural than any
before proposed. In past treatments (Gray, 1897, p. 278-9;
Jepson, 1914, p. 463-5; Rydberg, 1932, p. 319-20), the numbers
of petals and stamens have been used as the most important “‘key-
characters” of the species; and although the numbers of flower
parts are undoubtedly important, they have not been found en-
tirely reliable. Hence, a new classification based chiefly on the
capsule and fruiting sepals offers a distinct advantage, and espe-
cially so in a genus like Calyptridium in which the petals and
stamens are so promptly and completely colliquescent. In the
following key the differences between Spraguea Torr. and Calyp-
tridium Nutt. are indicated, but the key to species concerns only
Calyptridium sens, strict.

A. Plants annual, biennial, or perennial; flowers pedicellate, deciduous;
style elongate, usually exceeding the petals, the stigma conspicu-
ously forked; capsule orbicular or nearly so, 1—few-seeded
Be ah A AUR ecg NER sD er eine eae Nee SB SPRAGUEA

A. Plants annual; flowers pedicellate or sessile; style very short or none,
stigmas 2; capsule elongate, ovate to linear-oblong, few- to many-
SECM EG a0 oe eee ee ee cee ete ne er CALYPTRIDIUM

B. Capsule broadly to narrowly ovate, the valves widest near the base,
rather faintly nerved, the primary nerves only 5 or 6; flowers
pedicellate or subsessile, the pedicels usually conspicuous in
the lowest flowers.

C. Flowers deciduous; fruiting sepals round or round-reniform.

DiaiSepalsenound! a. 2h ot eee eed C. roseum
D. Sepals round-reniform ...................-.- C. quadripetalum
C. Flowers persistent ; sepals ovate, acute.................... C. pygmeum

B. Capsules linear-oblong to elliptic, the valves widest near the middle,
many-striate-nerved near the base; flowers subsessile or ses-
sile, deciduous.

E. Capsule less than twice as long as the fruiting sepals................
PTGS LOLs eel, AMONG! Cnt el fete md See Mr cae eet C. Parryt
E. Capsule more than twice as long as the fruiting sepals..............
he) ta Tall Tc AM RAL 2 est ee a al C. monandrum
With such limited study in a family notorious for diversified
opinion regarding generic lines, my belief that Spraguea seems
best treated as a subgenus of Calyptridium need receive no serious
attention. I do wish, however, to express a serious doubt as to
the correctness of Dr. Hoover’s recent conclusion that the shoot
of Spraguea is indeterminate while that of Calyptridium is de-

NOVEMBER, 1943] NOTES ON CALYPTRIDIUM 265

terminate (Hoover, 1940, p. 223). Because of the condensed
character of the primary axis throughout this group, a micro-
scopic histological examination will probably be required to settle
this point; but my tentative opinion, based on the examination
of many specimens, is that the plant axis in both groups is in-
determinate. From Dr. Hoover’s article one might be led to
consider Spraguea pulchella Eastw. more closely related to Calyp-
tridium than to Spraguea; but I regard that that species is as
much a part of the Spraguea complex as S. paniculata Kell. and
that it must not be referred to Calyptridium if Spraguea is sepa-
rated from that genus.

A few distributional notes on the species of Calyptridium sens.
strict. may be in order at this time. Until recently, C. roseum has
been known in California only from Sierra County (Brewer and
Watson, 1876, p. 78) and from Inyo County (Jepson, 1923,
p. 344; Peirson, 1938, p. 7), but now it may be reported also
from Mono County: Long Valley, J. T. Howell No. 14387.
Although C. quadripetalum Wats. is sometimes limited strictly
to Lake County (Rydberg, 1932, p. 320), it has also been re-
ported from Sonoma County (as C. “tetrapetalum,” Greene,
1891, p. 182) and from Napa County (Howell, 1941, p. 68) ;
and, in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., under the misnomer Spraguea
eximia, is Heller No. 11929 from Glenn County. Apparently
C. Parryi Gray has been reported only from the mountains
of southern California and southern Arizona (Rydberg, 1932,
p- 320; Kearney & Peebles, 1942, p. 300) ; but on the basis of a
specimen in Herb. Univ. Calif., it may now be reported from
Gold Mountain, Esmeralda County, Nevada (Keck No. 559).
In this collection the fruiting sepals are much showier than usual
and the seeds are smooth and shiny instead of low-tuberculate ;
but these differences seem to represent variables which can
scarcely indicate a distinct variety. Calyptridium monandrum
Nutt., the commonest and most widespread species in California,
has been collected on a number of occasions in the South Coast
Ranges from San Benito and Monterey counties southward, but
no mention in the literature has been seen to indicate its occur-
rence on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley in Fresno
County : Alcalde, Eastwood No. 13568 ; Oil Fields, J. T. Howell
No. 5868.

266 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 12

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Brewer, W. H., and Watson, S. 1876. Bot. Calif. vol. 1.

Gray, A. 1897. Syn. Fl. N. Amer. vol. 1, pt. 1, fasc. 2.

Greene, E. L. 1891. Fl. Francis., pt. 2.

Hoover, R. F. 1940. Leafl. West. Bot. vol. 2, no. 13.

Howell, J. T. 1941. Sierra Club Bull. vol. 26.
1942. Base Camp Botany, 1942.

Jepson, W. L. 1914. FI. Calif. vol. 1, pt. 4.
1923. Man. FI. Pl. Calif. [fasc. 2].

Kearney, T. H., and Peebles, R. H. 1942. Flowering plants and ferns of
Arizona.

Peirson, F. W. 1938. Plants of Rock Creek Lake Basin, Inyo County,
California. A check list.

Rydberg, P. A. 1932. Portulacacee in N. Amer. FI. vol. 21, pt. 4.

Prepitis PorTULA IN CALiForNIA. In July, 1943, while bot-
anizing in Summit Valley, Placer County, I discovered Peplis
Portula L. growing on muddy flats near the east end of Lake Van
Norden (J. T. Howell No. 18566). The plants were young, the
tallest being less than 5 cm. tall with slender decumbent stems
which rooted at the nodes. Most of the solitary axillary flowers
were in bud but they presented a very distinctive appearance,
being somewhat napiform in shape. The base of the flower was
cuneate, the valvate calyx-lobes formed a slender beak, and the
upper part of the hypanthium was angled with small folds below
the sinuses and with shallow pouch-like hollows behind the
stamens. None of the numerous flowers examined was petalous,
the calices were usually without appendages, and sometimes the
flowers were only 4-merous. According to Koehne (Das Pflan-
zenreich IV. 216: 56-58), the flowers of P. Portula are 6-merous
and petalous and the calyx usually bears at least one appendage.
Mature plants would probably exhibit flowers more characteristic
of the species, but even with the discrepancies disclosed by these
earliest flowers, there is no doubt as to the identity of our
palustrine herb.

The only reference to the occurrence of P. Portula in North
America that I have seen is the doubtful record of a Mexican
collection given by Koehne (1. c.). It is not unreasonable to be-
lieve that this Old World species has been introduced into the
Californian Sierra Nevada by some European visitor who was
attracted to the Donner Pass region by the winter sports which
are so zealously pursued in that area. —John Thomas Howell.

NOVEMBER, 1943] ERRATA © 267

ERRATA

Page 11, line 23; for 2—2.5 read 2.5—3.

Page 45, line 8; for C. A. Mey, read C. A. Meyer.

Page 85, line 6; for oDORATO read ODORATA.

Page 95, line 27; for McDougal read MacDougal.

Page 117, line 36; for longa read longioribus.

Page 133, line 22; for Johnstonii read Johnsonit.

Page 144, line 5; for northwest by west read northeast by east.
Page 149, line 3; for MACROCARPA read MACROTHECA.
Page 171, line 29; for cespitosis read cespitosus.

Page 183, line 36; for MAMMILLARIA read MAMILLARIA.
Page 205, line 23; for 5 cm. read 5 mm.

Page 227, line 1; for Cystisus read Cytisus.

268 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. III, NO. 12

INDEX

(Plants listed on pages 55 to 76 from
the islands of southern Califorma are
not given in the index.)

Acer macrophyllum, 34.

Adenostegia parviflora, 86; viscida,
208.

ZEgilops cylindrica, 258; ovata, 258.

ZEsculus californica, 44.

Agave sebastiana, 181.

Agropyron Scribneri, 254.

Agrostis Hendersonii, 258; palus-
tris, 259; stolonifera, 259 ; tenuis,
259.

Aira przecox, 259.

Alisma Geyeri, 79.

Allium Austine, 124; Bolanderi,
124; Breweri, 124; validum, 124.

Amaranthus californicus, 225;
fimbriatus, 185; hybridus, 186;
Powellii, 185, 186; retroflexus,
186, 187.

Amblyopappus pusillus, 152.

Ammannia coccinea, 225.

Amsinckia intermedia, 151.

Anabasis glomerata, 46.

Andropogon saccharoides, 259.

Androsace septentrionalis var. sub-
umbellata, 256.

Anemopsis californica, 181.

Angelica lineariloba, 86.

Antennaria suffrutescens, 188.

Antirrhinum Nuttallianum, 152;
speciosum, 152.

Arabis Bolanderi, 163; pectinata,
229; platysperma, 124; Selbyi,
135; subpinnatifida, 124.

Araucaria imbricata, 223.

Arctostaphylos acutifolia, 123, 125;
candidissima, 122, 123, 124; canes-
cens, 122, 124; Jepsonii, 125;
obtusifolia, 123, 125.

Artemisia californica var. insularis,
32; pygmea, 14; trifida, 123.

Asclepias cryptoceras, 178, 199.

Asterella saccata, 135.

Astragalus amphioxys, 50, 101, 102;

amphioxys x Laynee, 50; ampul-
larius, 137; asclepiadoides, 178;
argophyllus, 102; callithrix, 103,
104, 105, 108; calycosus, 108, var.
monophyllidius, 107; campestris,
250, 251, var. crispatus, 250, 251,
252, var. decumbens, 250, 251, 252,
var. hylophilus, 250, 252, 253, var.
serotinus, 250, 253; Carltonii, 97,
252; chamzmeniscus, 100, 105,
107, 108; chromoseminus, 108; ci-
barius, 100; confertiflorus, 98,
136; convallarius, 250; convyal-
larius diversifolius, 251; conval-
larius hylophilus, 251, 253 ;decum-
bens, 250, 251, 252, var. decum-
bens, 251, 252, var. decurrens,
252, 253, var. oblongifolius, 252,
253, var. serotinus, 252, 253; de-
missus, 98; desperatus, 105; detri-
talis, 103; divergens, 252; diversi-
folius, 112, 250, 251; feensis, 105,
107; Garrettii, 252; griseopubes-
cens, 253; Haydenianus, 98, var.
nevadensis, 98; haydenioides, 98;
Howellii, 113; humilis, 97; hy-
lophilus, 251, 253, var. oblongi-
folius, 251, 253; ineptus, 256;
inyoensis, 113; iodanthus, 100;
Jaegerianus, 49; Jepsoni, 98;
junceus, 250; Laynez, 100; mala-
cus, 84, 100, 101, 105, 106, 107;
Marcusjonesii, 50; melanocalyx,
50; Minthorniz, 84; misellus, 111,
113; musiniensis, 103 ; Newberryi,
103; nudisiliquus, 103, 105; Nut-
tallianus, 110, var. imperfectus,
108, 109, 110, 111, var. piliferus,
108, 110, 111, var. trichocarpus,
108, 109, 110, 111, var. canescens,
109, var. acutirostris, 111; pachy-
pus, 50; Palliseri, 253; Patter-

NOVEMBER, 1943]

sonii, 199; pertenuis, 111; play-
anus, 50; pseudiodanthus, 99, 100,
101, 108; Rydbergii, 253; scapo-
sus, 108; Serenoi, 50, 113, 114;
serotinus, 253, var. strigosus, 253,
var. Palliseri, 253 ; Shockleyi, 113,
114; strigosus, 253; toanus, 107;
toquimanus, 108, 111, 112, 113;
triflorus, 50, var. playanus, 50;
uncialis, 101, 102, 103, 108; utah-
ensis, 103, 105; Wootoni, 50.

Atriplex Barclayana subsp. Pal-
meri, 148; californica, 148; pa-
cifica, 181; Palmeri, 38, 148;
Rosei, 148.

Avena barbata, 146.

Baccharis consanguinea, 32.

Beria chrysostoma var. gracilis,
152, var. Palmeri, 152; Palmeri,
152.

Beriopsis guadalupensis, 153.

Balsamorhiza hirsuta var. neglecta,
14; platylepis, 14, 15.

Barneby, R. C. A new Species of
Cymopterus from Nevada, 81;
Pugillus astragalorum nevaden-
sium, 97; a Suffrutescent Gilia
from Southern Nevada, 129; an
Addition to the Genus Swertia,
155; a new Species of Mirabilis,
with Remarks on Hermidium and
Related Genera, 175; Miscellane-
ous Diagnoses, 193.

Bebbia juncea, 184.

Beetle, A. A. Scirpus criniger
Transferred to Eriophorum, 164;
Notes on the Distribution of Cali-
fornia Grasses, 258.

Betula fontinalis, 83.

Blepharidachne Kingii, 8.

Boisduvalia densiflora, 53, var. sali-
cina, 53; salicina, 53.

Brenckle, J. F. A new California
Polygonum, 166.

Brodiza peduncularis, 47.

Bromus rubens, 146; Trinii, 259.

Buddleia utahensis, 130.

Calandrinia Menziesii, 148.

INDEX

269

Calochortus cceruleus var. nudus,
124.

Calyptridium, 264; monandrum,
264, 265; Parryi, 264, 265; pyg-
mzum, 262, 263, 264; quadri-
petalum, 264, 265; roseum, 262,
263, 264, 265; tetrapetalum, 265.

Capsella Bursa-pastoris, 149; pro-
cumbens, 149.

Carex ablata, 47; debiliformis, 47;
vallicola, 255.

Cassia armata, 133.

Castalia odorata, 142.

Castilleja adenophora, 87 ; Barneby-
ana, 88; disticha, 88; dolichosty-
lis, 88, 123; Ewani, 89; Hoff-
mannii, 116; Howellii, 89; in-
ornata, 90; latifolia, 90; linariz-
folia, 90; lutea, 117; Martini, 89;
miniata, 89, 117; ochracea, 91;
pallida, 117; pannosa, 116; pilosa,
91, 117; pinetorum, 88, 89, 123;
plagiotoma, 248, 249; salticola,
90, uliginosa, 117; zionis, 91, 135.

Caulanthus lasiophyllus, 149.

Ceanothus cordulatus, 122; cune-
atus, 231, var. dubius, 230; Fer-
rise, 231; integerrimus, 122; Jep-
sonii var. albiflorus, 231, 232;
ramulosus, 231; rigidus, 231.

Cereus Emoryi, 31; Pringlei, 183.

Chenopodium murale, 148.

Chlorogalum pomeridianum, 44.

Chorizanthe chilensis, 230; coriacea,
230; Lastarrizea, 230, var. califor-
nica, 230; Thurberi var. macro-
theca, 205.

Chylismia lancifolia, 53; scapoidea
var. cruciformis, 53.

Cicuta californica, 47.

Cirsium montigenum, 47.

Claytonia nevadensis, 255.

Collinsia Greenei, 124; Rattani, 124.

Comarostaphylos diversifolia, 33.

Convolvulus althzoides, 179 ; macro-
stegius, 151.

Corallorrhiza innata, 187; striata,
9; trifida, 187.

Cordylanthus eremicus, 86; nidu-

270

larius, 207, 208; Parryi, 136;
parviflorus, 86, 87; pilosus, 208;
viscidus, 208.

Coreopsis gigantea, 32.

Correll, Donovan S. The Genus
Habenaria in Western North
America, 233.

Cronquist, Arthur. A new Erigeron
from Idaho, 167; the Varieties of
Astragalus decumbens, 250.

Crossosoma californicum, 28, 31.

Cryptantha capitata, 197, 198, 199;
confertiflora, 131; echinoides,
199; foliosa, 151; glomeriflora,
188, 256; Grayi var. cryptocheta,
184; Jamesii, 198; maritima, 151;
muricata var. denticulata, 135;
semiglabra, 197, 198, 199; Wat-
soni, 79.

Cupressus guadalupensis, 145.

Cycladenia humilis, 159, 160;
Jonesii, 159, 160; tomentosa, 160;
venusta, 159, 160.

Cymopterus basalticus, 82; cine-
rarius, 82, 256; deserticola, 82;
globosus, 82; megacephalus, 82;
Newberryi, 136; panamintensis
var. acutifolius, 85; Ripleyi, 81,
82, 83, 105, var. saniculoides, 82,
111; Watsonii, 187.

Cypselea humifusa, 225.

Cytisus monspessulanus, 226, 227;
scoparius, 226, 227.

Dalea Johnsonii, 133.

Dayton, William A. The Names of
the Giant Sequoia, 209.

Delphinium antoninum, 123, 126;
nudicaule, 225; scopulorum, 123,
126, var. subalpinum, 126.

Dendromecon Harfordii, 33.

Deschampsia atropurpurea, 24, 120.

Descurainia pinnata subsp. Men-
ziesii, 149.

Dicentra formosa, 123.

Diholcos micranthus, 98.

Distichlis spicata, 180.

Dodecatheon Hendersonii, 121;
zionis, 134.

LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. Ill, NO. 12

Draba Douglasii, 12.
Drymaria holosteoides, 181.

Eastwood, Alice. New Western
Plants, 18, 157; on the Golden
Anniversary of the California
Botanical Club, 26; Islands of
Southern California and a List of
the Recorded Plants, 27, 54; the
Lupinus latifolius Aggregate, 41;
New Species of Castilleja, 87,
116; a Botanical Expedition to
Log Spring Ridge, 121; Two Va-
rieties of Triteleia peduncularis,
137; new Species and Varieties
of Lupinus, 169; Solanum lanceo-
latum in California, 189; Gilia
salticola, 199; new Western Lu-
pines, 202; a new Alien in Cali-
fornia, 208; some Veronicas in
Golden Gate Park, 220; Vari-
ations in Castilleja plagiotoma,
248; Two new Species from
Baja California, 257 ; a new Cali-
fornian Rose, 262.

Echeveria linearis, 181.

Echinocactus chrysacanthus, 183.

Echinocereus maritimus, 183.

Echinocystis fabacea, 44; oregana,
44.

Ehrhata erecta, 259.

Eleocharis rostellata, 47.

Ellisia chrysanthemifolia, 151.

Elymus glaucus, 255; Hansenii, 255;
Saundersii, 255, var. californicus,
255; Scribneri, 254; triticoides,
P3\5)

Ephedra californica, 114, 115.

Eremocarpus setigerus, 44.

Erigeron Austine, 13; compactus,
13; Engelmanni, 167, 168, subsp.
Davisii, 167, 168, subsp. typicus,
167, 168; nudatus, 188; pulvi-
natus, 13.

Eriogonum arborescens, 33; bicolor,
16; chrysocephalum subsp. de-
sertorum, 11, var. bannockense,
200; Davisianum, 200; effusum
subsp. durum, 135, var. limbatum,

NOVEMBER, 1943]

15; esmeraldense, 187 ; exaltatum,
139; fasciculatum, 181; filicaule,
134; fulvum, 200; Gilmani, 16;
Hoffmanni var. robustius, 16; in-
signe, 136; intricatum, 181; la-
tens, 201; mensicola, 16; nodosum
subsp. monoense, 201; ovali-
folium, 200, 201; Parryi, 136;
Pondii, 181; pratense, 201; pyro-
lefolium, 17, var. coryphzeum,
201; racemosum, 205, var. de-
sertorum, 17; saxatile, 201, subsp.
multicaule, 201; Shockleyi, 10,
subsp. candidum, 11, subsp. longi-
lobum, 11; spergulinum, 202 ; sub-
reniforme, 137, 138; trichopes,
133, 139; umbellatum subsp.
aridum var. versicolor, 17; villi-
florum, 187; vimineum var.
Davidsonii, 135; viscidulum, 138;
zionis, 135, 205, var. coccineum,
205, var. typicum, 205.

Eriophorum alpinum, 165; criniger,
165.

Eriophyllum lanatum var. aphanac-
tis, 126, var. achillzoides, 126.
Erodium cicutarium, 150; moscha-

tum, 150.

Erythea edulis, 38.

Eschscholzia elegans, 149; frutes-
cens, 149; Palmeri, 149.

Eucnide cordata, 183.

Euphorbia bartolomzi, 182; guada-
lupensis, 151; melanadenia, 182;
misera, 182; polycarpa var. hir-
tella, 182, var. typica, 182, 183;
Pondii, 151.

Ewan, Joseph. The Correct Name
for the Pacific Involucrate Tri-
folium, 222.

Festuca arizonica, 259; megalura,
146; octoflora, 146.

Filago arizonica, 154; californica,
154.

Frankenia Palmeri, 183.

Franseria camphorata, 40, 154;
chenopodiifolia, 184.

INDEX 271
Galium anglicum, 261; Aparine,
152; asperrimum, 261; divari-

catum, 260, 261; Mollugo, 261;
murale, 261; parisiense, 260, 261,
var. anglicum, 260, var. divari-
catum, 260, var. leiocarpum, 261.
Galvesia juncea, 184.
Gaura odorata, 85; sinuata, 85; vil-

losa var. typica, 85, var. Mc-
Kelveyz, 85.

Gifola germanica, 186.

Gilia alpina, 199; guadalupensis,

151; latifolia 129, 131, 132; Nev-
inii, 151; pygmza, 151; Ripleyi,
129, 130, 131, 132; salticola, 199.

Goodman, George J. Two Names in
Mentzelia, 53; Notes on Chori-
zanthe, 230.

Grindelia latifolia, 33.

Gutierrezia Sarothre, 184.

Habenaria aggregata, 243; behrin-
giana, 234, 236, 237 ; borealis, 240,
var. albiflora, 238, var. viridiflora,
240; bracteata, 247; brevifolia,
244; Chorisana, 234, 237 ; Cooperi,
245; dilatata, 235, 237, 238, 239,
240, var. albiflora, 235, 238, var.
leucostachys, 235, 239, 241; dila-
tatiformis, 238; elegans, 246, var.
elata, 246, var. maritima, 247;
flagellans, 239; gracilis, 242;
graminifolia, 238; hyperborea,
236, 238, 240, 243, 245, var. pur-
purascens, 242; leptoceratitis,
239 ; leucostachys, 239, var. virida,
243; limosa, 236, 239, 241, 244,
245; longispicata, 246; maritima,
247; Menziesii, 242; Michaelii,
246; multiflora, 246; pedicellata,
239; purpurascens, 242; obtusata,
234, 241 ; orbiculata, 234, 242; sac-
cata, 236, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244,
245; septentrionalis, 240; sparsi-
flora, 236, 240, 242, 243, 244, 245,
var. brevifolia, 236, 244, var. laxi-
flora, 236, 245; stricta, 242; Thur-
beri, 239, 241; unalascensis, 235,
239, 245, var. elata, 235, 246, var.

Bo:

maritima, 235, 247; viridis var.
bracteata, 235, 247.

Hackelia amethystina, 123, 125;
bella, 126; diffusa, 126; Rattanii,
126.

Halogeton glomeratus, 45, 46; sa-
tivus, 45; Souda, 45, 46.

Hamosa austrina, 109; Emoryana,
109; imperfecta, 101, 109; Min-
thornie, 84; monophyllidia, 107,
108.

Harfordia fruticosa, 181.

Harpagonella Palmeri, 152.

Hazardia detonsa, 33.

Hedeoma incana, 86.

Hedera Helix, 226.

Heizer, Robert F. The Use of
Plants for Fish-poisoning by the
California Indians, 43.

Heleochloa schcenoides, 259.

Helianthella microcephala, 135.

Heliotropium curassavicum var.
xerophilum, 184.

Heller, A. A. Lupinus Studies, 92.

Hemizonia Greeneana, 38, 154; Pal-
meri, 154.

Hermidium alipes, 176, 178.

Hesperodoria scopulorum, 135.

Heterocodon rariflorum, 48.

Heteromeles arbutifolia, 32, 36.

Homalobus campestris, 250; cam-
porum, 252; decumbens, 251, 252;
decurrens, 252, 253; divergens,
252; Hitchcockii, 97, 252; humilis,
97, 252; hylophilus, 253; micro-
carpus, 252; oblongifolius, 252,
253; paucijugus, 252; serotinus,
253; strigosus, 253; tenuifolius,
252.

Hoover, Robert F. Observations
on California Plants, 114, 254.

Hordeum murinum, 146.

Horkelia tenuiloba, 47.

Hosackia flexuosa, 181; nudiflora,
159; Ornithopus, 150.

Howell, John Thomas. Closed-
cone Pines of Insular California,
1; Deschampsia atropurpurea in
California, 24; My Visits to

LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. 12

Guadalupe Island, 36; Notes on
the Eastwood Blackberry, 46;
Plants new to California, 79;
Notes on Polycarpon, 80; Studies
* in Phacelia, 95, 117, 190; Lamium
purpureum L., 96; Hackelia
amethystina J. T. Howell, spec.
noy., 125; Eriophyllum lanatum
(Pursh) Forbes var. aphanactis
J. T. Howell, var: nov,.9Zar
Observations on Cleistogamy in
Mimulus, 127; Southwest Botani-
cal Odyssey, 132; New Western
Plants, 138; List of Vascular
Plants from Guadalupe Island,
145; Concerning David Douglas,
160; the Identity of Phacelia hu-
milis var. calycosa, 162; New
from Europe, 163; Now in Cali-
fornia, 168; another Bindweed
in California, 179; a Short List
of Plants from Cedros Island,
Lower California, 180; Western
Plants from here and there, 187;
Veronica triphyllos in California,
188; a Notable Accession to the
Californian Chickweeds, 192;
Plantz Occidentales, 205; Marin
County Miscellany, 225; Sibara
on Cedros Island, 229; new Va-
rieties of Western Plants, 230;
new Californian Localities for
Pachystima, 232; Some Weedy
Californian Bedstraws, 260;
Notes on Calyptridium, 262; Pep-
lis Portula in California, 266.
Hymenopappus lugens, 135.
Hypericum anagalloides, 47; East-
woodianum, 257 ; peninsulare, 257.
Hypocheeris glabra, 154.

Ilysanthes anagallidea, 226; dubia,
226.
Ipomcea odorata, 257 ; tastensis, 257.

Iris citrina, 123, 125; macrosiphon,
125.

Juniperus californica, 40.
Juncus acutus var. sphzrocarpus,

NOVEMBER, 1943]

180; Bolanderi, 47; brachystylus,
135; bufonius, 36, 147.

Jussiza californica, 115; repens,
115, 116.

Koeleria phleoides, 259.

Lamium purpureum, 96.

Lastarriza chilensis, 230, subsp.

californica, 230.

Lavatera assurgentiflora, 31, 36.

Lepidium lasiocarpum, 150; nanum,
12, 157; nitidum, 150; oblongum,
150.

Leptosyne gigantea, 33.

Leptotzenia multifida, 44.

Lewisia Cantelovii, 139; Congdonii,
139; Heckneri, 139.

Ligustrum vulgare, 226.

Lilium fresnense, 18; inyoense, 18;
nevadense var. fresnense, 18; par-
dalinum parviflorum, 18.

Limnanthes Bakeri, 206; Douglasii,
206; gracilis, 206; striata, 206.

Limnia guadalupensis, 148.

Limnorchis aggregata, 243; ari-
zonica, 241; behringiana, 237;
borealis, 238; brachypetala, 240,
242; brevifolia, 244; convallariz-
folia, 238; dilatata, 237; dila-
tatiformis, 238; ensifolia, 243;
foliosa, 237; gracilis, 238, 242;
graminifolia, 238; hyperborea,
240; laxiflora, 245; leptoceratitis,
238; leucostachys, 239, var. ro-
busta, 239; purpurascens, 242,
243 ; sparsiflora, 243; stricta, 242;
Thurberi, 241; viridiflora, 240.

Linanthus mohavensis, 187.

Lindernia anagallidea, 225, 226; du-
bia, 226.

Linum Breweri, 208; Kingii var.
sedoides, 12.

Lotus cedrosensis, 181; nudatus,
182; humilis, 182; intricatus, 159;
salsuginosus var. brevivexillus,
182.

Lupinus albopilosus, 92, 94, 171;
antoninus, 202; bicolor var.

INDEX

273

microphyllus, 150; Blaisdellii, 18;
Brandegeci, 19; brunneo-macula-
tus, 19; cxruleus, 92, 93; cxsius,
169; calcaratus, 21; candicans,
170; candidissimus, 20; caudatus,
20; citrinus, 19; columbianus, 41,
43; cytisoides, 41, 43; deflexus,
19; Dudleyi, 41, 42; elegantulus,
20; formosus, 22, 92, 169, 171,
172, 174, 202, var. robustus, 93,
171; Grayi, 174; Kerrii, 157;
klamathensis, 169; Kuschei, 170;
lasiotropis, 41, 42; latifolius, 41,
43, var. Dudleyi, 42; laxiflorus,
169, 174, 203; Lelandsmithii, 21;
lepidus, 123; lilacinus, 19, 204;
lutosus, 92, 93; Lyallii, 172, 203;
magnificus, 158, var. glarecola,
158; meionanthus, 173; Munzii,
202; nanus, 19; navicularius, 92,
94; niveus, 150; ochroleucus, 171;
oreocharis, 171; Parishii, 41;
pasadenensis, 172; Pennellianus,
41, 42; piperitus var. sparsipilo-
sus, 172; pulcher, 173; rimz, 173;
Rosei, 22; rubro-soli, 203; salti-
cola, 203; sellulus var. elatus,
174; silvicola, 169 ; sonomensis, 92,
94: sublanatus, 174; uncialis var.
cryptanthus, 204; Van Dykee,
204 ; viridifolius, 41, 43 ; wenatch-
ensis, 174; Whiltonz, 158.

Lycium californicum, 32, 38, 152;
verrucosum, 32.

Lyonothamnus asplenifolius, 33.

Lysias orbiculata, 242.

Lysiella obtusata, 241.

Maguire, Bassett, and Arthur H.
Holmgren. Great Basin Plants, 8.

Malvastrum parviflora, 151.

Mamillaria Goodridgei, 151; Pondii,
183.

Martynia parviflora, 86.

Maurandia petrophila, 132.

McVaugh, Rogers. New Name for
Heterocodon rariflorum Nutt., 48.

Medicago hispida, 150.

Melica stricta, 8.

274

Mentzelia multicaulis, 53, 54; pumila
var. multicaulis, 53; stricta, 54;
tricuspis, 133.

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum,
148; nodiflorum, 148.

Miltitzia pusilla, 188.

Mimulus cleistogamus, 127; Doug-
lasii, 127; modestus, 127, 128;
Kelloggii, 128; Parryi, 13, 188.

Mirabilis cedrosensis, 181; Froe-
belii, 177; Greenei, 175, 176, 178;
Heimerlii, 148; levis, 115, 148;
Macfarlanei, 175, 176, 178; multi-
Hora pl aepudicawl7o nl Onmdds
178; triflora, 175, 177, 178.

Mollugo Cerviana, 84; verticillata,
(Bex,

Monardella Douglasii, 208.

Montia perfoliata, 148.

Montolivzea unalaschensis, 245; ele-
gans, 246.

Morton, C. V. Note on Halogeton,
45.

Muhlenbergia microsperma, 146;
repens, 259.

Muilla transmontana, 79.

Munz, Philip A. Interesting West-
ern Plants, 49, 83.

Myrica californica, 47.

Nama depressum, 133; pusillum,
133

Navarretia mellita, 208.

Nemacladus gracilior, 133; rubes-
cens, 133.

Nemophila racemosa, 151.

Neostapfia colusana, 259.

Nesothamnus incanus, 154.

Notholzna Newberryi, 145.

Nymphea odorata, 142, 143, 144;

tetragona subsp. Leibergii, 143.

(Enothera cespitosa, 52; caverne,
50; claveformis var. cruciformis,
53, var. purpurascens, 53; cruci-
formis, 53; heterochroma, 52, var.
megalantha, 52; Johnsonii, 52;
peNIKGE YA ils leewanyaiy Isis
primiveris, 51, 52; salicina, 53;
scapoidea var. purpurascens, 53.

LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. 12

Oligomeris linifolia, 150, 181.

Opuntia Engelmanni var. littoralis,
31; prolifera, 31, 151.

Orchis bracteata, 247 ; dilatata, 237;
huronensis, 240; hyperborea, 240;
obtusata, 241; orbiculata, 242.

Oreobroma Congdonii, 139; Heck-
neri, 139.

Oreocarya capitata, 198 ; multicaulis,
135; pustulosa, 199.

Pachylophis Johnsonii, 52.
Pachystima Myrsinites, 232.
Pzonia Brownii, 9.

Panicum pacificum, 47.

Parietaria floridana, 147.

Parnassia californica, 47.

Pectocarya penicillata, 152.

Penstemon azureus, 123; cerrosen-
sis, 184; petiolatus, 132; Purpusii,
123; Rattani, 123.

Peplis Portula, 266.

Perityle Grayi, 154, 184; Greenei,
184.

Petalonyx Gilmanii, 85, 86; Thur-
beri, 86.

Petalostemon ornatus, 13; Searlsiz,
13, 84.

Phaca triflora, 50.

Phacelia Anelsoni, 96, 119; austro-
montana, 190, 191; Barnebyana,
191; calthifolia, 134, 188; cepha-
lotes, 136, 137; cicutaria, 120, var.
hispida, 120, var. eximia, 120, var.
heterosepala, 120, var. Hubbyi,
120; ccerulea, 96 ; Davidsonii, 191;
Eisenii, 191; eximia, 120; flori-
bunda, 151; geraniifolia, 96, 132;
Gooddingii, 119; heterosepala,
120; hispida, 119, 120, var. cicu-
taria, 120, var. eximia, 120, var.
genuina, 120, subvar. cicutaria,
120, var. heterosepala, 120, var.
Hubbyi, 120; humilis, 141, 162,
var. calycosa, 162, 163, var. lobata,
191; incana, 192; inconspicua, 191 ;
integrifolia, 119; ixodes, 183;
laxiflora, 95, 96; Lemmonii, 118;
Leonis, 206; marcescens, 141;

NOVEMBER, 1943]

mustelina, 118; neglecta, 134, 188;
nevadensis, 120, 192; pachyphylla,
134; Palmeri, 199; Parishii, 83,
111; Peirsoniana, 117, 118; peri-
tyloides, 95, 96, 132; Pringlei,
207; pulchella, 136, 137, var.
Gooddingii, 119; Purpusii, 163;
pusilla, 119, 120, 192; Quickii,
140, 191; ramosissima var. his-
pida, 120; rotundifolia, 137; saxi-
cola, 96; sericea, 119.

Phalaris caroliniana, 146; minor,
259; tuberosa var. stenoptera, 79.

Phaseolus filiformis, 182.

Phlox speciosa var. occidentalis,
123.

Pholiurus incurvus, 259.

Physalis Greenei, 184.

Pinus attenuata, 5; californiana, 5;
insignis, 5, var. binata, 2, 3, 4,
33; Lambertiana, 162; muricata,
2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 34, var. Anthonyi, 6,
var. cedrosensis, 7; radiata, 2, 4,
6, 145, var. binata, 4, f. binata, 3,
145, f. guadalupensis, 3, 145; re-
morata, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 33, 35; Tor-
reyana, 35; tuberculata, 5.

Piperia Cooperi, 245; elegans, 246;
elongata, 246; lancifolia, 246;
leptopetala, 246; longispica, 246;
maritima, 247; Michaelii, 246;
multiflora, 246; unalaschensis,
245.

Plagiobothrys californicus, 152;
hispidus var. foliaceus, 188.

Plantago insularis, 152.

Plantanthera hyperborea var. di-
latatoides, 240; leucostachys, 239 ;
limosa, 241.

Poa annua, 147; bulbosa, 259;
Douglasii, 36 ; leptocoma, 254; se-
cunda, 259.

Polemonium chartaceum, 256.

Poliomintha incana, 86.

Polycarpon depressum, 80; tetra-
phyllum, 80.

Polygala acanthoclada, 196; lasseni-
ana, 195, 196; subspinosa, 83, 194,
195, 196, var. heterorhyncha, 194,

INDEX

275

195, 196, var. typica, 194, 195, 196,
197.
Polygonum montereyense,
Parryi, 167; prolificum, 167.
Polypodium californicum, 145.
Populus trichocarpa, 34.
Porophyllum cedrense, 185.
Prunus Lyoni, 29, 34; ilicifolia, 29.
Psoralea epipsila, 193, 194; me-
phitica, 193, 194, var. retrorsa,
193, 194.
Pterostegia drymarioides, 147.

166;

Quercus agrifolia, 34; chrysolepis,
31, 147; crassipocula, 147 ; Garry-
ana, 122, 123; Kelloggii, 122; to-
mentella, 31, 147.

Reboulia hemispherica, 135.

Rhododendron occidentale, 47.

Rhus integrifolia, 36; laurina, 183;
Lentii, 183.

Ribes amarum, 123; binominatum,
123; Greeneianum, 228, 229;
Hallii, 123 ; leptosmum, 228 ; Lob-
bii, 123; Menziesii, 227, 228, 229,
var. Greeneianum, 229, var. mi-
nus, 229, var. Victoris, 229; Vic-
toris, 227, 228, 229.

Rosa Lesterz, 262 ; sonomensis, 262;
spithamea, 262.

Rubus Eastwoodianus, 46, 47; pro-
cerus, 227.

Rumex utahensis, 187; venosus, 82,

105.

St. John, Harold. The Water Lily,
Nymphza odorata, a Cultivated
Plant in the State of Washington,
142.

Salix levigata, 34.

Salvia ZEthiopis, 80.

Salsola sativa, 45; Souda, 45.

Saxifraga malvefolia, 33; rhom-
boidea, 135.

Schismus arabicus, 115, 187, 260;
barbatus, 114, 115, 260.

Scirpus atrovirens, 164; caspitosus,
164; criniger, 164, 165; cyperi-

276

nus, 164; Eriophorum, 164; hud-
sonianus, 164, 165; linearis, 164;
pumilus, 164; sylvaticus, 164.

Scoliopus Bigelovii, 225.

Senecio eurycephalus, 141;
montii, 256; Lewisrosei,
revolutus, 256.

Sequoia gigantea, 209; semper-
virens, 217 ; Washingtoniana, 209 ;
Wellingtonia, 209.

Sequoiadendron giganteum, 209.

Setaria geniculata, 259; italica, 259.

Sibara pectinata, 229.

Silene gallica, 149.

Simmondsia chinensis, 179, 183.

Sisymbrium Irio, 149.

Sisyrinchium californicum, 47.

Sitanion Hansenii, 255.

Smilacina sessilifolia, 44.

Solanum crotonifolium, 190; Gaya-
num, 190; lanceolatum, 189, var.
sinuatum, 189; laurifolium, 189;
marginatum, 190.

Sonchus oleraceus, 154, 185.

Sonnea foliacea, 188.

Spartium junceum, 226.

Specularia rariflora, 48.

Spergularia macrotheca, 149; ma-
rina, 149.

Spheralcea Palmeri, 151; sul-
phurea, 151.

Spiranthes unalascensis, 245.

Spraguea, 264; eximia, 265; panicu-
lata, 265; pulchella, 265.

Stachys pycnantha, 47.

Steinhauera oblonga, 217; subglo-
bosa, 217.

Stellaria obtusa, 192.

Stephanomeria guadalupensis, 154.

Stipa arida, 83; coronata, 260;
Parishii, 260; pinetorum, 255.

Stokes, Susan G. Further Studies
in Eriogonum, 15, 200.

Streptanthus glandulosus, 208.

Sueda fruticosa, 148.

Swertia gypsicola, 155, 156, 157;
nitida, 155, 156; perennis, 157;
tubulosa, 156.

Fre-
141;

LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. III, NO. 12

Talinum guadalupensis, 148.

Tetracoccus Hallii, 84; ilicifolius,
132.

Thysanocarpus erectus, 150.

Tillezea erecta, 150, 163; muscosa,
163.

Tissa Talinum, 149.

Torilis arvensis, 208.

Trichophorum alpinum, 164.

Trichostema lanceolatum, 44.

Trifolium amplectens, 150; fimbri-
atum, 224; gracilentum, 150, var.
Palmeri, 150; involucratum, 222,
223, 224, var. fimbriatum, 224,
var. Kennedianum, 224; micro-
cephalum, 150; spinulosum var.
triste, 224; tridentatum, 30; Will-
denovii, 223, 224, var. fimbriatum,
224, var. Kennedianum, 224;
Wormskjoldii, 222, 224, var. fim-
briatum, 224, var. Kennedianum,
224.

Triodia pilosa, 8.

Triteleia peduncularis, 137, var.
longipedicellata, 138, var. trifida,
138.

Ulex europzus, 226.
Umbellularia californica, 44.

Valeriana Adamsiana, 23; anomala,
22; californica, 24; Follettiana,
23; maculata, 23 ; occidentalis, 23 ;
Whiltone, 24.

Veratrum californicum, 124.

Veronica decussata, 220, 221; ellip-
tica, 220, 221; franciscana, 221;
triphyllos, 188.

Vicia exigua, 150.

Viola adunca, 124; Hallii, 124;
Macloskeyi, 192; purpurea, 124;
Sheltonii, 124.

Wheeler, L. C. Amaranthus Pow-
ellii in California, 185.
Wyethia helianthoides, 14.

Xylophacos melanocalyx, 50.

Zigadenus fontanus, 47; micran-
thus, 124.

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