ena, eed: nee ke
einen 8 Ay Nate be By pw | Ipc y Me eA
3 NE at a ay” tn na
- oe he ytd Vets Mi hy nie
we a 8 ae Age ee Bae

yay » x

oo ater eer ~ x
* ante id - - i -

ier En we -

Sennen gente
.

on - -
i eg ae et
wae etre a

a Od ——
= = =

ael-+ antes
——

oe ony Oe
oon aed

aot

a ———
ewe we

—— “ —_ ied eg tod —* a

~ eee, * ay ee
= + Sy
~ el a Eat

tt rae

NT gy
A ty oe

—— ~

ean nema aadiedenet indepth tn
ws ee

A iia ce tmthgany yg LO Pm emmys tg Cee Er = te Sy EE Ee - ar Partin a Naren Ney a eS IP ~ a a Py Ne thee greene amare tea
- oO tn one “ a oat ag area a ta PR mt NT a ng
a a - ; Re er ae in a ge tty ee le ea A lt tt CE a Na OR NY a a ia
i rl acters Se ranges tetanen re os oe “ —_ oa ~ _ : “< pear tte lt - laO y Ge Bi ennnrnr Otten: — Areal
A ag wey = a — os 4 7 >
SN ae a - -

Free
OF raat

— ee een Oe ee oe Fe ay
; a Be Se ee ee

*
LRP ne 5 ‘

LEAFLETS

OF

WESTERN BOTANY

Votume VII

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA

1956-1958

me a James J. Gillick & C
Berkeley, California

*
a
t
Pe
i
v
a’

a

if

BSW YO
72 BOTANIC;

Vol. VIII No. 1

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS

PAGE

The Ledum glandulosum Complex . ....... «1
C. Leo HiTcHcock
peeecview Of Calyptridium Parry: 3.9).
Joun H. ‘THomMaAs
The Globose-headed Form of Juncus acuminatus . . . 12
F. J. HERMANN
Pugillus Astragalorum XVII: Four New Species

SPRMMPERS ViLEBO LY 2 Oe.) latte gy a era ape ae

R. C. BARNEBY

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
FEBRUARY 15, 1956

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

A publication devoted particularly to the native and naturalized
plants of western North America and to the cultivated plants
of California, appearing about four times each year. Subscrip-
tion, $2.00 annually. Cost of back files or single numbers fur-
nished on request. Address: John Thomas Howell, California

Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18.

Cited as

LEAFL. WEstT. Bor.

Owned and published by

Joxun THoMAs HOWELL

THE LEDUM GLANDULOSUM COMPLEX

BY C. LEO HITCHCOCK
University of Washington, Seattle

Ledum columbianum was described by Piper (Contr. U. S.
Nat. Herb. 11:441,—1906), who cited two collections for the
species (the type, Piper 6451, from Ilwaco, Pacific Co., Wash.,
and Coville 869, from Clatsop, Ore.) and expressed the opinion
that it was “nearest related to L. groenlandicum, from which it
may at once be distinguished by the absence of the tomentose
pubescence. In this respect it resembles L. glandulosum alone,
but the capsule characters are those of the former species.” He
described the species as having leaves 4 to 6 cm. long, obtuse
but apiculate, strongly revolute, dark green and glabrous above,
whitish and resinous-dotted beneath, the midrib and short
petiole minutely puberulent; stamens 5 to 7.1 Besides L. colum-
bianum, Piper included two other species of Ledum for Wash-
ington, L. glandulosum Nutt. (characterized by leaves oval or
oblong, not revolute-margined, ranging in the Hudsonian Zone
from British Columbia to California and Wyoming) and L.
groenlandicum Oeder (with leaves lanceolate, the margins revo-
lute, rusty-tomentose beneath, in the Humid Transition Zone
from Alaska to Greenland, southward to New Jersey, Wiscon-
sin, and Oregon).

Subsequent workers, including Small (N. Am. Fl. 29:38,—
1914), Peck (Man. High. Pl]. Oreg. 541,—1941), and Abrams (Ill.
Fl. Pac. States 3:298,—1951), have recognized Piper’s species, and
maintained it as distinct from L. glandulosum on the basis of its
fewer stamens (nearly always “5-6, rarely more’’), more elongate
capsules, and revolute leaves. They have ascribed to it a more
extensive range, including the coastal area as far southward as
Santa Cruz County, California, although Jepson (Fl. Calif.
3:19,—1939) included all Californian Ledum in L. glandulosum.

The writer has had opportunity to examine numerous col-
onies of non-tomentose Ledum in the Rocky and Cascade moun-
tains and along the coasts of Oregon and California, and has
been greatly puzzled about the status of L. columbianum. In

4 1 The isotype of L. columbianum at the University of Washington has 10 stamens in each
ower.

Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VIII, pp. 1-24, February 15, 1956.

2 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. VIII, NO. 1

brief summary, this is the situation, as he sees it. Ledum glandu-
losum, described from Rocky Mountain material, is a plant that
has globose to ovoid capsules averaging about 4 mm. long; leaf-
blades mostly less than 3 cm. long and at least half as broad,
usually rounded at base, with margins not revolute; and 10
stamens in each flower. It ranges through the Rocky Mountains
from Wyoming to Alberta, westward to British Columbia, and
southward to central Washington. In Oregon it is found only in
the Blue and Wallowa mountains, but it is common in the Sierra
Nevada from Fresno to Plumas and Tehama counties and in
the Salmon-Trinity Mountains of California. This southern ele-
ment (which has been called L. californicum Kellogg) differs
but slightly from the Rocky Mountain material, having a some-
what longer leaf that is more acute at the base and often some-
what revolute. In the serpentine areas of the mountains of south-
western Oregon and adjacent California there is a Ledum which
resembles the Sierran form of L. glandulosum very closely, but
it has a more yellowish, oblong-elliptic leaf that is usually slight-
ly revolute; the flowers have 10 stamens. This Ledum extends
westward toward the coast where it merges with the more revo-
lute-leaved plant usually called L. columbianum. “Ledum co-
lumbianum” of the coast shows clinal variation in two signifi-
cant features. The more southern plants have less tightly revo-
lute leaves (in outline usually over 1 cm. broad) and capsules
that average between 4 and 4.5 mm. in length. In progression
northward the leaves become more strongly revolute and, there-
fore, somewhat narrower in outline and the capsules lengthen
to an average of slightly more than 4.5 (4 to 5.5) mm. long. All
coastal plants examined from south of the Columbia River con-
sistently had about 10 stamens in each flower with but slight
variation (8 to 12). Unfortunately, no Ledum was found in the
vicinity of Clatsop, Oregon, whence came Coville’s collection
mentioned by Piper.

It is not at all difficult to select herbarium material? that
shows the complete transition from the Rocky Mountain “glan-
dulosum” to the coastal “columbianum,” with the exception,
of course, that the latter will not “key” to L. columbianum be-
cause of the 10 stamens.

2JTn the course of this study, herbarium material from the following institutions was
borrowed, through the courtesy of the respective curators, to whom I take pleasure in ex-
pressing my gratitude: University of California (C) and California Vegetative Type Survey
(CVT), California Academy of Sciences (CA), University of Oregon (O), Oregon State
College (OSC), and Washington State College (WSC).

FEBRUARY, 1956] LEDUM GLANDULOSUM 3

In mid-June, 1954, small populations of “‘columbianum”
were examined in the vicinity of Ilwaco, from the margins of a
cranberry bog (Hitchcock 20198) and from cut-over land (Hitch-
cock 20197). In the first instance, no plants were found with
fewer than 8 stamens to a flower, but the second sampling in-
cluded plants with stamens ranging from 5 to 11, the commonest
numbers being 8, 9, or 10. It was not until later, when the her-
barium samples were examined under a microscope, that it was
noted that each collection included a single specimen with a
thin rusty tomentum on the lower surface of the leaves, similar
to, but much less abundant than, that characteristic of L. groen-
landicum. A second sampling of the Ilwacan plants was there-
fore made, this time in early August. Again two colonies were
studied, one of which occurred on fairly recently cut-over land
near a cranberry bog 1.2 mile east of Seaview (Hitchcock 20352).
Fifty plants were examined, the sampling necessarily being se-
lective, since it was desired to take specimens that would allow
at least 5 counts of stamens for each branch, and many of the
plants had finished flowering. Of the 50 plants selected, thirty-
five had 10 stamens only, ten others showed variation between
8 and 10, and five had 8 or fewer stamens, two having 7 and 8,
one having 6, 7, and 8, one having 5 and 6, and 1 having 5 only.
None of the shrubs showed any tomentum on the leaves. How-
ever, when other plants in fruit were examined, it was noticed
not only that a few individuals of L. groenlandicum were pres-
ent (Hitchcock 20355) but careful search disclosed a number of
plants that had tomentose leaves, ranging from some that were
nearly as tomentose as L. groenlandicum to others that had only
a trace of tomentum. Although most of these plants (Hitchcock
20357) were also past flowering, it was possible to obtain counts
of stamens on 10 of them, the numbers varying as follows: 5, 6,
7,8 (1 plant); 6, 6, 6, 8 (1 plant); 6, 7, 8 (1 plant); 6. 8 (1 plant);
8 (2 plants); 8, 9 (2 plants); and 9 or 10 (2 plants). The other
colony studied was in an area less recently cleared (Hitchcock
20360). Thirty plants were sampled: one had 10 and 12 stamens;
eighteen had 10; six had 9 or 10; two had 8 or 9; one had 8; one
had 6 or 7; and one had 5. Six of the thirty plants had a slight
trace of reddish wool on the lower surface of the leaves, detect-
able only with a lens. All plants examined were fertile, as judged
by the dried capsules of previous years and plump young devel-
oping fruits.

4 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. VIII, NO. 1

The conclusion seems inescapable that in this particular area,
which is one disturbed by logging and agricultural operations
and one of the few places where L. groenlandicum overlaps “co-
lumbianum” in range, hybridization has occurred and may still
be occurring, although it would seem more likely that most of
the intermediate plants are backcrosses with L. columbianum.

It is rather obvious that the two plants are at least moderately
interfertile, and therefore there is some question whether or not
they should be maintained as separate specific entities. When
viewed from the standpoint of geographic range and morpho-
logical differences (tomentose leaves and 5-7 stamens as com-
pared with non-tomentose leaves and 8 to 10 stamens) it seems
not inconsistent to continue to maintain “columbianum” and
L. groenlandicum under separate specific entities.

On the other hand, since there is complete transition between
“columbianum” and L. glandulosum, the following alternative
treatments are possible for them: (1) recognize at least one (the
plants from southwestern Oregon) and possibly two or even
three more taxa at the specific level in addition to L. columbt-
anum and L. glandulosum; (2) maintain the latter two at the
specific level and propose three other taxa of subspecific status;
(3) recognize but one species, L. glandulosum, with several geo-
graphic races. The latter course, it would seem, would most
nearly express the relationship of the several taxa, and, there-

fore, the following taxonomic revision is proposed.

LEDUM GLANDULOSUM Nutt., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II, 8:270 (1843).

Plants evergreen shrubs 0.5-3 m. tall, twigs puberulent and glandular-
dotted; leaves leathery, deep green, somewhat rugose and usually puberulent
to lanate above along midrib, yellowish-green to grayish and finely mealy-
pubescent and densely glandular (very rarely brownish-tomentose) on
lower surfaces, ovate and rounded at base to oblong-ovate or narrowly
elliptic, plane to very conspicuously revolute-margined; flowers white; pedi-
cels 1-2 cm. long; sepals ciliolate and also usually long tortuous-ciliate,
glandular; petals 46 mm. long, more or less pubescent at base; stamens 10,
rarely 12, occasionally 8 or 9, very rarely fewer, filaments densely hairy on
lower half, very rarely glabrous; capsule from nearly globose to cylindric-
ovoid, puberulent and usually glandular.

Key TO SUBSPECIFIC TAXA

Capsules globose to ovoid, averaging less than 4 mm. in length; leaf-blades
often less than 3 cm. long, margins inconspicuously or not at all revo-
lute.

Leaf-blades usually rounded at base, mostly less than 3 cm. long and at
least half as broad as long, margins not at all revolute .........

ae bie-wis, o/s bial ealetete eo oe eee ae ssp. glandulosum var. glandulosum -

FEBRUARY, 1956] LEDUM GLANDULOSUM 5

Leaf-blades usually acute at base or over 3 cm. long and less than half as

broad, margins often slightly revolute.

Leaves oblong-elliptic, mostly nearly 3 times as long as broad, deep gray
beneath, light olive-green above, margins usually slightly revo-
MPRRSE CON ai distalal 21d € eeibe'e via riniela ¢inis'e in ee eisiae™ ae .cjele ssp. olivaceum

Leaves various but usually not three times as long as broad, often
greenish beneath, dark green above, margins scarcely at all revo-
Mic erdaniasls ce hae eines ats ssp. glandulosum var. californicum

Capsules ovoid to oblong-ovoid, averaging more than 4 mm. in length; leaf-
blades usually well over 3 cm. long, margins conspicuously revolute.

Margins of leaves very strongly revolute, the blades apparently less than

1 cm. broad; stamens sometimes fewer than 10..............

et mg aeleie ary S vis biettye aqe.ate v0.0 ssp. columbianum var. columbianum
Margins of leaves less strongly revolute, the blades usually well over 1 cm.

broad; stamens usually 10.

Leaves light olive-green on upper surface, margins but slightly revolute,
outline oblong-elliptic, averaging about 3 times as long as broad
et ace creat a AS, ik'nib-©. sine ahs cle ahiebare, whe, wicketeiore etary Vee ssp. olivaceum

Leaves deep green on upper surface, margins distinctly revolute, out-
line more narrowly oblong, averaging over 4 times as long as
LOTS a een eear erie ssp. columbianum var. australe

LEDUM GLANDULOSUM ssp. GLANDULOSUM var. GLANDULOSUM.

L. glandulosum Nutt., loc. cit. Type: Nuttall, central chain of the Rocky
Mts.

Leaves mostly 1-3 (4.5) cm. long and at least half as broad, rounded or
distinctly obtuse at base, mostly obtuse at apex, margins not at all revolute;
capsules averaging between 3 and 3.5 mm. in length.

Rocky Mountains from northwestern Wyoming to Alberta
westward to British Columbia and southward in the Cascades
to Kittitas and Yakima counties, Washington, also through cen-
tral and northern Idaho to the Wallowa and Blue mountains
of Oregon.

There apparently is no record of the occurrence of L. glandu-
losum in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon or from the Olympic
or Cascade mountains of Washington south of northwestern
Yakima and northeastern King counties. It might be expected,
therefore, that the plants of the northern Cascades would show
much more resemblance to those of the Rocky Mountains, with
which they are more or less continuous in range, than to those
of the Sierra of California, but in reality they represent a com-
plete transition between the two. Two mass collections, Hitch-
cock 20270 from 2 miles north of Fish Lake, Kittitas Co., and
20351 from Mission Peak, Kittitas Co., show the degree of this
intergradation.

There is another phase of ssp. glandulosum that occurs in
the Cascade Mountains that is somewhat distinctive, character-

6 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

ized by leaves which are unusually large, even for var. californt-
cum, the taxon to which it is being assigned. It is exemplified
by the following collections: Kittitas County: Boulder Creek,
Thompson 10691 (W); Scatter Creek Trail, Hitchcock 7995 (W);
King County: 9 miles south of Skykomish, Broadbent (CA, W);
Okanogan County: Rock Pass, Fiker 298 (WSC); Tiffany Range,
Fiker 298 (W) and Thompson 7031 (W). The plants appear to
be ecological rather than genetical variants, as they are found
usually at rather low elevations and can be matched fairly closely
by Californian collections such as Sequoia National Park, Tu-
lare Co., Mrs. Charles Derby (CA), and Gold Lake Region,
Plumas Co., Mrs. E. C. Sutliffe (CA). They have no counterpart
in the Rocky Mountains.

Ledum glandulosum ssp. glandulosum var. californicum (Kellogg) C. L.
Hitchc., comb. nov.

L. californicum Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2:14 (1863). Type: Sierra Ne-
vada Mts., Hutchings. Although this type no longer exists, there can be no
reasonable doubt of its identity, since the only Ledum that occurs in the
Sierra Nevada fits Kellogg’s description well.

Leaves often well over 3 cm. long, usually less than half as broad as long,
mostly acute at base, margins often slightly revolute; capsules averaging
about 3.5 (to 4.2) mm. in length.

Sierra Nevada Mountains of California from Fresno County
northward to Plumas and Tehama counties, also in the Salmon-
Trinity Alps of Trinity County, California, and in the Cascades
of northern Washington.

Occasional Sierran plants, such as the following: above North
Lake, Inyo Co., Ferris 8957 (C), and Sapphire Lake, Fresno Co.,
Johnson & Johnson 8212 (OSC), have leaves round at base and
are indistinguishable from var. glandulosum of the Rocky
Mountains. Also, plants with leaves acute at base occasionally
are collected in the Rockies, e.g., Holland Lake, Missoula Co.,
Montana, Hitchcock 18462 (W, WSC), and head of Pintlar
Creek, Beaverhead Co., Montana, Hitchcock & Muhlick 12825
(W, WSC), and will surely be placed in var. californicum by
use of the above key. In general, however, it is not difficult to
distinguish between plants of the two regions by means of leaf-
size and shape.

Ledum glandulosum ssp. olivaceum C. L. Hitchc., ssp. nov.

Foliis oblongis aut oblongo-ellipticis, (2) 3-7 cm. longis, supra olivaceis,
marginibus paulum revolutis; capsulis ovoideis, circa 4 mm. longis.

Leaves oblong to oblong-elliptic, (2) 3-7 cm. long, upper surface olive-

green, margins slightly revolute; capsules ovoid, averaging about 4 mm. in
length.

FEBRUARY, 1956] LEDUM GLANDULOSUM 7

Type: Josephine Co., Oregon, 3 miles west of O’brien, along small marshy
springs on soil of serpentine origin, Hitchcock & Martin 5160 (W).

Other material seen. OREGON. Coos County: Bassendorf Bog, July 10, 1941,
Marshall Ross (OSC); Iron Mt., W. H. Baker 4248 (C, CA, OSC). Josephine
County: 9.75 miles west of O’brien, July 1, 1950, Rosenstiel (OSC); along
Whiskey Creek, 8 miles south of O’brien, Hitchcock 20251 (W) and 10 miles
south of O’brien, Hitchcock 20250 (W); 16 miles below Selma, June 2, 1940,
Overlander (OSC); Rock Creek, May 27, 1923, Sweetser (O); near Waldo,
June 5, 1884, T. Howell (O). Curry County: Snow Camp Mt. Thompson
12871 (W); near end of South Fork of road up Pistol River, Hitchcock
19514 (W).

CALIForNIA. Del Norte County: trail to Black Butte, Eastwood 2157 (CA);
Shelley Creek, near Monumental, Parks & Tracy 11357 (C); 5 miles east of
Gasquet, Yates 5764 (C); Gasquet, Aug. 3, 1929, Heller (W); Smith River
region, Applegate 5239 (C); Preston Peak, R. St. John 291 (CVT); between
Waldo and Gasquet, Blasdale 1075 (C); near Oregon Boundary, Eastwood
12051 (CA); between Crescent City and Oregon line, Winblad (CA).

These plants, found only in Del Norte County, California,
and adjacent Oregon, appear always to inhabit serpentine soil,
usually in company with Darlingtonia californica. The nearest
Sierran counterparts of ssp. olivaceum include: Mt. Lassen Na-
tional Park, June 10, 1939, E. D. Cantelow (CA); Gold Lake,
Plumas Co., Mrs. E. C. Sutliffe (CA); Salmon Lake, Sierra Co.,
Mrs. E. C. Sutliffe (CA); and east slope of Kaiser Pass, Fresno
Co., H. C. Cantelow (CA).

Ledum glandulosum ssp. columbianum (Piper) C. L. Hitchc., comb. nov.

L.columbianum Piper, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 11:441 (1906).

It is unfortunate that this taxon, as originally proposed, was
based upon a type specimen almost surely of hybrid origin, and
not entirely representative, because of its few stamens, of this
coastal race of L. glandulosum. It is not felt, however, that
there is ample reason to reject the name.

LEDUM GLANDULOSUM ssp. COLUMBIANUM var. COLUMBIANUM.

Type: Piper 6451, Ilwaco, Pacific Co., Wash.

Leaves 3-5 cm. long, margins usually strongly revolute, the blades aver-
aging less than 1 cm. in width of outline, very occasionally more or less
rusty-tomentose on lower surfaces; stamens 9 or 10, occasionally fewer,
rarely 5; capsules cylindric-ovoid, averaging over 4.5 (4-5.5) mm. in length.

In coastal bogs from Pacific County, Washington, to Clatsop
County, Oregon.

Southward in its range ssp. columbianum tends to develop
broader (less revolute) leaves and somewhat shorter capsules and
thus the transition is made to the plants of the California coast
which Jepson called L. glandulosum. Although, in general, the
more southern plants have broader leaves, occasional plants

8 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

are to be found in the south that have the more revolute, nar-
rower leaves, e.g., above Gasquet, Del Norte Co., June 1902,
J. B. Davy (C), and Big Lagoon, Humboldt Co., Kildale 8774
(OSC). In contrast, a collection made at Ilwaco, August, 1886,
Henderson (O), has short, broad leaves very similar to those of
many collections from the Mendocino County coast mentioned
below.

Ledum glandulosum ssp. columbianum var. australe C. L. Hitchc., var.
nov.

Foliis 3-7 cm. longis, marginibus minus revolutis quam in var. columbiano,
laminis fere 1 cm. latis; staminibus fere 10; capsulis ovoideis, circa 44.5
mm. longis.

Leaves 3-7 cm. long, margins less revolute than in var. columbianum and
blade outline usually at least 1 cm. broad; stamens usually 10; capsules
ovoid, averaging between 4 and 4.5 mm. in length.

Type: A. D. E. Elmer 4944, Pt. Reyes Post Office, Marin Co., Calif., July,
1903 (C).

Coastal, usually in bogs, from Clatsop County, Oregon, south-
ward to Santa Cruz County, California, extending inland some-
what, as at Pitkin Marsh, Sonoma County, G. T. Robbins 203
(C); 2 miles southeast of Forestville, Sonoma County, Yates 3592
(VIM); near Sebastopol, Sonoma County, Hoover 4112 (CQ);
Noti, Lane County, Oregon, Eugene Armstrong (C); and “low
ground in old bed of Lake Labish,” 3 miles northeast of Che-
mawa, near Salem, Oregon, J. C. Nelson 636 (WSC).

On the peculiar sandy soil of the “‘pine barrens” of Mendocino
County, many plants have smaller and more elliptic leaves than
the average for the variety. This foliage appears to be produced
as the result of general stunting of the plant, since garden intro-
ductions (Hitchcock 20253), growing at an accelerated rate, are
developing larger leaves.

Occasional coastal plants [such as the Yates and Hoover col-
lections above, as well as the following: 1 mile north of Devil’s
Lake, northern Lincoln Co., Oregon, March 8, 1951, W. A. Kesst
(OSC), and Yaquina Bay, Lincoln Co., Oregon, July 11, 1881,
L. F. Henderson (O)] have leaves as slightly revolute as do those
from the Sierra Nevada and are practically indistinguishable
from such collections of var. californicum as the following: Se-
quoia National Park, July 15, 1932, Charles Darland (C); 0.5
mile southwest of Pacific Hills, Alpine Co., H. Lee 22 (VIM);
Butterfly Valley, Plumas Co., H. M. Hall 9274 (C).

FEBRUARY, 1956] CALYPTRIDIUM PARRYI 9
A REVIEW OF CALYPTRIDIUM PARRYI

BY JOHN H. THOMAS
Dudley Herbarium, Stanford University

The known populations of Calyptridium Parryi are widely
separated geographically and occur from about 2000 to over
10,000 feet. The anther or anthers in young flowers are closely
appressed to the stigma; the petals closely surround these, com-
ing off as a calyptra after fertilization; and the sepals enclose the
other flower-parts. In view of the disjunct range and the appar-
ently self-fertilized flowers, it is not surprising that the popula-
tions vary in their morphological characters. ‘Three varieties of
this species have already been proposed. The purpose of this
paper is to propose another taxon of this species and to indi-
cate how it varies from the others.

CALYPTRIDIUM ParRyI A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22:285 (1887).

Plants fleshy annuals with a somewhat woody tap root, with several to
many prostrate to decumbent to erect stems branching from the base, to
1 dm. long, these in turn branched or not, glabrous throughout; basal leaves
in a rosette, fleshy, spatulate, 1-3 cm. long; cauline leaves alternate, spatu-
late to oblanceolate, 1-3 cm. long, obtuse; flowers perfect, racemose or pani-
culate, sometimes secund, sometimes imbricate, the lower pedicellate or
subsessile and sometimes in the axils of cauline leaves, the upper sub-
sessile or sessile and somtimes subtended by small scarious bracts, articu-
lation with the rachis evident or not; sepals 2, the abaxial ovate to reniform,
with a white scarious irregular margin or this lacking, 2-4 mm. long, adaxial
sepal smaller and narrower; petals usually 4, white, quickly deciduous and
forming a temporary calyptra over the capsule; stamens 1 to 3; ovary 1-celled
with basal placentation; ovules on slender funiculi of different lengths;
stigma 2-lobed, sessile; capsule 2-valved, dehiscent, ovate to oblong, obtuse,
3-7 mm. long, usually about twice the length of the fruiting abaxial sepal,
the lower portion of the valve with at least 10 fine parallel veins, the upper
portion thicker and appearing minutely warty-tuberculate; seeds round
biconvex disks in the basal 14 to % of the capsule, 10 to 15, black, tuber-
culate or not, 0.5-0.75 mm. in diameter (as measured perpendicular to the
diameter through the micropyle).

KEY TO THE VARIETIES
Seeds not completely smooth, with tubercles at least along the margin;
pedicels articulate with the rachis.

Seeds with tubercles throughout, dull; flowers persistent. Mountains of
BOUT Er My CalifOrmial sors aieieheieivin ccc» vic oners ele el alec chalsl Mele 1. var. Parryi

Seeds with tubercles only on the small wing-like margin, central portion
of lateral convex surface shiny; flowers not persistent.

10 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

Seeds over 0.65 mm. in diameter; abaxial fruiting sepal reniform with a
wide scarious margin. Southern Nevada and Inyo County, Cali-
FOURIA . <3. d's be ee Me eee eee 2. var. nevadense

Seeds under 0.6 mm. in diameter; abaxial fruiting sepals usually ovate
with a very narrow scarious margin or none. Santa Cruz and Santa

Clara counties; Galiformiasssa. cc eee ee ee 3. var. Hesseae
Seeds completely smooth, shiny, lacking tubercles; pedicels not articulate
with the rachis. Southeastern Arizona............... 4. var. arizonicum

1. CALYPTRIDIUM PARRYI A. Gray var. PARRYI, loc. cit. C. Parryi A. Gray
var. typicum J. T. Howell, Leaf. West. Bot. 4:214 (1945).

Flowers usually persistent; pedicels appearing jointed; abaxial sepals
usually broader than long and with a conspicuous scarious margin; seeds not
shiny, covered with small tubercles, 0.65-0.75 mm. in diameter.

Type. San Bernardino Co.: Mohave slope of the San Bernardino Moun-
tains, Bear Valley, Parry & Lemmon, 1876 (G).

Mt. Pinos to the San Antonio, San Bernardino, and San Jacinto moun-
tains in southern California and in the southern Sierra Nevada, from 5000
to nearly 11,000 feet on sandy flats or on loose rocky slopes, often locally
abundant. June and July and at higher altitudes to the middle of September.

Representative specimens examined. Ventura Co.: Griffins, Mt. Pinos,
Elmer 3948, July, 1902 (CAS, DS). Riverside Co.: Pine Mt., I. M. Johnston s.n.
July 6, 1918 (UC); Strawberry Valley, San Jacinto Mountains, E. C. Jaeger
s.n., June 30, 1921 (DS); San Jacinto Peak, W. W. Swarth s.n., Sept. 14, 1914
(CAS). San Bernardino Co.: near summit of Mt. San Antonio, Abrams 1929,
July, 1901 (DS); Bear Valley, Parish 1800, June, 1885 (DS, paratype); South
Fork of Santa Ana River, Howell 23485, July 22, 1947 (CAS). Inyo Co.: end
of Mt. Whitney Road, M. Kerr s.n., June 14, 1937 (CAS).

2. CALYPTRIDIUM PARRYI A. Gray var. NEVADENSE J. T. Howell, Leaf. West.
Bot. 4:216 (1945).

Flowers deciduous; pedicels articulate with the rachis; abaxial sepals
usually broader than long with a white scarious margin; seeds with tuber-
cles along margin, the central portion shiny, about 0.65 mm. in diameter.

Gold Mountain, Esmeralda County, Nevada, and Panamint Mountains,
Inyo County, California, from about 7000 to 8000 feet in sandy soil of canyon
washes.

Specimens examined. NEvADA. Esmeralda Co.: Gold Mountain, Keck 559,
June 23, 1930 (DS, type; CAS, UC). Cattrorntia. Inyo Co.: Wild Rose Can-
yon, Munz 14864, July 7, 1937 (CAS); Surprise Canyon near Panamint City,
Howell 3912, June 14, 1928 (CAS).

3. Calyptridium Parryi A. Gray var. Hesseae J. H. Thomas, var. nov.

Flores decidui; sepalis abaxillaribus ovatis usque ad orbicularibus, mar-
ginibus scariosis angustis vel nullis; seminibus 0.5-0.59 mm. diametro, mar-
gine tuberculatis.

Flowers readily deciduous; pedicels articulate with the rachis; abaxial
sepal ovate to occasionally orbicular, with a narrow scarious margin or none;
seeds 0.5-0.59 mm. in diameter, tuberculate on the margin, the convex sur-
faces shiny.

FEBRUARY, 1956] CALYPTRIDIUM PARRYI 11

Known from Ben Lomond Mountain and Loma Prieta in the Santa Cruz
Mountains and from the Mt. Hamilton Range, central California, from
about 2300 to 3500 feet. June to the middle of August.

Specimens examined. Santa Cruz Co.: Ben Lomond Mountain, southwest
of Eagle Rock, Hesse 1288, June 3, 1954 (DS); Hesse 1317, July 2, 1954 (CAS,
type, DS); Hesse 1370, Aug. 13, 1954 (CAS); slope of Loma Prieta, Hesse 972,
July 11, 1952 (DS). Santa Clara Co.: northeast slope of Mt. Santa Isabella,
H. K. Sharsmith 3381, June 16, 1935 (DS, UC).

It is a pleasure to name this variety for Miss Vesta F. Hesse, a resident
of Boulder Creek, Santa Cruz County, who through her careful and discrimi-
nating collecting in the Santa Cruz Mountains, has added many valuable
specimens to the herbaria of the California Academy of Sciences, the Uni-
versity of California, and Stanford University.

4. CALYPTRIDIUM ParRyI A. Gray var. ARIZONICUM J. T. Howell, Leaf.
West. Bot. 4:215 (1945).

Flowers persistent; pedicels not articulate; sepals broad with a wide
margin; seeds completely smooth and shiny, about 0.7 mm. in diameter.

Type. Pima Co.: hills above Rosemont, Griffiths 4125, Mar. 13 to Apr. 23,
1903 (US).

Pima and Santa Cruz counties, Arizona, and probably in adjacent Mex-
ico, usually from 3500 to 5000 feet. March through the first half of May.

Specimen examined. Santa Cruz Co.: near Nogales, Peebles & Fulton
11454, May 5, 1935 (CAS, paratype).

bb

4
A

Distribution of Calyptridium Parryi: var. arizonicum, shaded triangles;
var. Parryi, open circles; var. nevadense, open triangles; var. Hesseae, shaded
circles.

.
12 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII,NO.1

THE GLOBOSE-HEADED FORM OF
JUNCUS ACUMINATUS

BY F. J. HERMANN
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland

The flower-heads in the widely distributed Juncus acumina-
tus Michx. are ordinarily hemispheric to broadly obpyramidal
and few- to several-flowered. But sporadically throughout the
range of the species, and more commonly in the Southwest, a
form occurs with spherical, many-flowered heads which has re-
peatedly proven puzzling to collectors. Occasionally it is found
in herbaria misdetermined as J. nodosus or J. brachycarpus, or
more frequently left with merely generic identification. A dozen
years ago the writer proposed to designate this variant as forma
sphaerocephalus in a treatment of the genus contributed as part
of a regional flora, and accordingly annotated several sheets in
various herbaria with this name. But after preparation of the
manuscript it was found that the form had not been collected
quite within the boundaries of the area embraced by the flora
so it had to be deleted from the account. The expectation that
an early opportunity might arise for its inclusion in another
treatment was not fulfilled; and only now has it been found that
the plant had already been given varietal status under another
species.

From Jepson’s brief description (F]. Calif. 1:255,-1921) of his
variety riparius of Juncus Bolanderi it was suspected that this
was very likely J. acuminatus and probably the globose-headed
form. When John Thomas Howell recently suggested the same
conclusion, a loan of the type from the Jepson Herbarium was
secured, through the kindness of Dr. Rimo Bacigalupi, and this
at once confirmed the suspicion of its identity with J. acumina-
tus £. sphaerocephalus. Subsequent examination of the material
in the U. S. National Herbarium revealed that Engelmann also
recognized the form and correctly referred it to J. acuminatus,
although there is no reference to it in his “Revision of the
North American Species of the Genus Juncus” (Trans. Mo.
Acad. Sci. 2:424-498,—1866-68). Nor did he ever publish the
quadrinomial “J. acuminatus Michx. var. legitimus Engelm.
Revis., paucicapitatus” under which he distributed No. 55 in
his Herbarium Juncorum Boreali-Americanorum Normale (E.
Hall, July 2-16, 1866, Athens, I11.).

FEBRUARY, 1956] | FORM OF JUNCUS ACUMINATUS 13

Jepson collected the type of his Juncus Bolanderi var. riparius
in October, 1893, “on the Lower Sacramento River near Rio
Vista” [Solano County], California. In 1919 he submitted it to
Dr. F. V. Coville who referred it to J. Bolanderi Engelm. and it
was so distributed under the number 26a. That Jepson was not
satisfied with this disposition of the plant is evidenced by a
notation in his field book that the “perianth and infl. are quite
different from J. bolanderi of the coast. I do not understand
Coville’s det.” And in October, 1919, he attached the following
note to his specimen. “The genuine J. bolanderi of the coast has
larger heads which are very dark and compacted. The perianth
segs. in the coast form are almost bristly—almost suggestive of
an Eryngium head. So I do not understand Coville’s det. Yet
further—the coast thing occupies a uniform and distinctive cli-
matic zone which is very different from the habitat of this plant,
no. 26a.” But despite his misgivings Jepson proposed varietal
status for the plant in 1921, still under J. Bolanderi, with his
collection number now changed from 26a to 29a.

As a form this plant may appropriately be known as Juncus
acuminatus Michx., f. sphaerocephalus, forma nova, capitulis
globosis multifloris plerumque paucis. It may readily be sepa-
rated from J. Bolanderi by the following key.

Culms arising from stout, creeping rhizomes; heads subsessile, generally
congested into 2 to several, principally terminal, glomerules; sepals linear
to narrowly linear-lanceolate, long-attenuate; capsule oblong, not broad-
ened toward the base, tipped with a persistent style-base about 0.5 mm.
MRE toe ie ia nietnts o.oo: d/h aiu'eoio's sial's misiw es wievgiiv « dan! a's J. Bolanderi

Culms densely cespitose, creeping rhizomes absent; heads conspicuously
peduncled, usually scattered and not chiefly terminal; sepals lanceolate,
conspicuously widened at the base, acute to acuminate; capsule ovate,
clearly broadened toward the base, the style-base 0.25 mm. long or less.

J. acuminatus f£. sphaerocephalus

Representative collections of J. acuminatus f. sphaerocepha-

lus, in addition to the two cited above, are the following.
Mexico: swamps, Valley of Zamora, 5000 ft., Michoacan State, C. G.
Pringle 9464 (distributed as J. microcephalus H.B.K.); Majalca, Chihuahua,
H. LeSueur 1123.
ARIZONA: Chiricahua Mts., Lemmon 309 [as J. acuwminatus var. diffusis-
simus (Buckley) Engelm.].
CALIFORNIA: in irrigation ditch, Modesto, Stanislaus Co., R. F. Hoover
103.
WASHINGTON: in pond, Pleasant Valley, Whatcom Co., W. C. Muenscher
8838. y
Texas: Fern Canyon, Davis Mts., Jeff Davis Co., V. L. Cory 9617 (as J.

Lo: LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

nodosus L.); also B. H. Warnock T257; Bastrop, Bastrop Co., B. C. Tharp 962
(mixed with J. brachycarpus Engelm.); Gonzales Co., B. C. Tharp 10509;
fallow rice field, Tex. Agric. Exper. Sta., Beaumont, Jefferson Co., Mrs. B. W.
Higinbotham 40; bog off U.S.175 between Elam and Seagoville, Dallas Co.,
Lundell & Lundell 10625.

Missouri: Buckner, Jackson Co., B. F. Bush 6782.

INDIANA: muddy edge of pond, 14 mile east of Bartlettsville, Lawrence
Co., R. M. Kriebel 2057; Pinhook bog, 6 miles west of La Porte, Laporte
Co., C. C. Deam 55,275.

MICHIGAN: Frank Reed marsh, Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., F. W. Rapp
2624-1.

New York: Verono Beach, Oneida Lake, J. V. Haberer, Sept., 1900.

PENNSYLVANIA: On serpentine, Nottingham Barrens, Chester Co., F. W.
Pennell 1444.

PUGILLUS ASTRAGALORUM XVII:
FOUR NEW SPECIES AND ONE VARIETY

BY R. C. BARNEBY
Wappingers Falls, N.Y.

Astragalus siliceus Barneby, spec. nov. ex affinitate A. gilensis Greene
et A. cremnophylacis Barneby, ab illo habitu pulvinato racemoque 1-3-floro
foliis superato (nec plurifloro exserto), ab hoc (habitu simili sed omnibus
partibus minori) floribus subduplo longioribus, carina 7.5-8.7 (nec 3.74.3)
mm. longa, legumine multo majori de latere compresso nec dorso depresso
procul distans.

Herba densissime caespitoso-pulvinata acaulescens e radice verticali cras-
sa lignosa diutius perduranti, foliis in ultimis caudicis suffruticulosi ramulis
(stipulis marcidis squamuloso-columnaribus) rosulatis, pube appressa dola-
briformi praeter petala undique sericeo-cana; stipulae submembranaceae
ovato-lanceolatae imbricatae semiamplexicaules inter se liberae 1.5-3 mm.
longae; folia 0.5-3 cm. longa imparipinnata, foliolis sessilibus sed omnibus
articulatis confertis (1) 2—4-jugis elliptico-oblanceolatis acutiusculis con-
duplicatis 15-5 mm. longis; pedunculi graciles foliis multo superati 1.5-6
(11) mm. longi in racemum laxum 1-3-florum abeuntes, floribus adscenden-
tibus; pedicelli gracillimi 2.2-3.5 mm. longi, fructiferi vix mutati; calycis
ebracteolati 4—5.9 mm. longi sericeo-strigulosi tubus campanulatus 3.2-4.2
mm. longus demum ruptus, dentes subulati 0.8-1.8 mm. longi; petala pur-
purea in sicco coerulescentia, vexilli limbo saturatius striato, alis apice pal-
lidis; vexillum leviter (per 40°) recurvum spatulato-oblanceolatum vel obo-
vatum longe cuneatum emarginatum 9.5-11.5 mm. longum; alae 9.4-11 mm,
longae, laminis anguste ellipticis elliptico-oblanceolatisve obtusis ambabus
subrectis 4.9-7 mm. longis; carina 7.5-8.7 mm. longa, laminis semi-obovatis
3.64.5 mm. longis abrupte per 90° in apicem obtusissimum incurvis; legu-
men adscendens vel patulum sessile, de visu laterali oblique ovatum lenti-
forme 5-7.5 mm. longum, 2.8-3.8 mm. latum, basi obtusum apice in cuspi-

FEBRUARY, 1956] |= PUGILLUS ASTRAGALORUM 15

dem parvam saepissime prorsus decurvam abrupte contractum, totum de
latere compressum suturis bicarinatum, sutura ventrali crassiuscula promi-
nula magis convexa, valvulis dense strigulosis immaculatis tenuiter carnosis
demum coriaceis, intus filamentosis, haud inflexis; ovula 8-10; semina ignota.

New Mexico: low granite-quartz outcrop on high rolling
plains, elevation 6250 ft., southerly foothills of the Pedernal
Mts., 3 miles west of Negra, Torrance County, 7 May and 22
May, 1955, in flower and fruit respectively, Barneby 12,600 &
12,816. Cotypes in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., Nos. 396234, 396233.
Isotypes: GH, NY, POM, UTC, RM, US, WS.

This remarkable little Astragalus is related to A. gilensis
Greene and A. cremnophylax Barneby. Characters common to
all three are the vesture of silvery dolabriform hairs, free stip-
ules, small flowers and small 1-locular fruits of ovoid but vari-
ably compressed form which are keeled ventrally by the promi-
nent suture and tipped by a minute declined beak. Astragalus
siliceus differs very obviously from A. gilensis, which ranges
through the yellow pine forests of the Mogollon mountain sys-
tem from southern Apache County, Arizona, to the Black Range
in Sierra County, New Mexico,! in the pulvinate rather than
tufted growth-habit, and in the few-flowered racemes immersed
in the leaves. From A. cremnophylax, similar in life-form but
known at present only from a tiny strip of limestone pavement
on the south rim of Grand Canyon, it is readily distinguished
by its larger leaves, flowers, and fruits, and by more numerous
ovules (8-10 as opposed to 4-6). Further, the pod differs from
that of either related species in being laterally compressed and
keeled by both sutures, not dorsally flattened or depressed to-
ward the base. The few other North American Astragali which
combine an acaulescent or subacaulescent mounded growth-
form with dolabriform pubescence are related either to A. spat-
ulatus Sheld., A. sericoleucus Gray, or A. Kentrophyta Gray; all
are conveniently distinguished from A. siliceus by connate stip-
ules, not to mention numerous individual characters.

The landscape around the type-locality of A. siliceus might be
described as a bleak rolling plain or elevated prairie, where the
sandy soil is mantled in thin turf depleted by overgrazing. Other
than a sprinkling of shrubby cylindropuntias there is no tall
growth. Here and there along the higher ridges leading north

_1 The Herbarium of the University of New Mexico possesses several sheets of A. gilensis
(kindly loaned for identification by Dr. E. F. Castetter) from the Jemez Mts., Sandoval
County, New Mexico. These gatherings mark a northeasterly range-extension of some 170
miles from the nearest stations hitherto known (in the southern half of Catron County).

16 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

toward Pedernal Mt. are scattered outcrops of granite and rose-
colored quartz, and it was on one of these isolated knolls that
the Astragalus occurred, apparently confined to an area not over
three hundred feet across. Several similar granitic islands within
a radius of a few miles were examined but no further colony
was discovered. The plants grew sparsely, associated with Hous-
tonia rubra Cav., Paronychia sessiliflora Nutt., and Arenaria
Hookeri Nutt. (var. Hookeri Maguire, here at its most southerly
known station, apparently not recorded hitherto from New
Mexico). Wind-blown sand caught among the foliage and im-
pacted in the thatch of persistent stipules and leaf-bases builds
up the older plants of A. stliceus into dense hard cushions which
may reach 3 dm. in diameter.

Astragalus nidularius Barneby, spec. nov., juxta A. duchesnensem Jones
necnon A. lancearium Gray collocanda, sed inter affines legumine stipitato
dorso compresso praestans. A. Coltoni Jones, habitu necnon legumine pen-
dulo stipitato nostrae haud absimilis legumine aliter compresso et insuper
floribus pendulis ulterius distat.

Herba perennis caulescens rigidiuscula sparsifolia, pilis appressis rectis
basifixis fere undique cinereo-strigulosa; caules solitarii vel pauci 1.5-3 (3.5)
dm. longi e sepulto radicis verticalis collo erecti et adscendentes, per 4-16
cm. subterranei simplices nudi, emersi robustiores et deinde divaricatim
ramosi, ramis iteratim ramulosis, ramulis incurvis laxe intertextis ultimis
subfiliformibus; stipulae 1.5-6 mm. longae dimorphae, imae majores ovatae
obtusae in vaginam chartaceam post petiolum supressum coadunatae (nec
vero connatae), caeterae herbaceae triangulari-ovatae semiamplexicaules
plerumque recurvae inter se utrinque liberae; folia 1.5-4.5 (6) cm. longa
brevissime petiolata, foliolis dissitis 2-4- (5-) jugis linearibus lineari-lanceo-
latis -oblanceolatisve obtusis vel emarginatis involutis 2-13 mm. longis, foli-
olo terminali foliorum summorum reductorum in rachin decurrenti caeteris
articulatis; pedunculi 4-11 cm. longi folium multo superantes; racemi laxis-
sime 8-33- (vel summi depauperati 3-7-) flori, floribus ad anthesin adscen-
dentibus; pedicelli ad anthesin adscendentes 1.2-2.5 mm. longi, fructiferi
firmiores abrupte recurvi vel dejecti 1.5-3 mm. longi; bracteolae 0-2, minu-
tae; calycis nigro-strigulosi 4.8-7 mm. longi tubus campanulatus vel turbi-
nato-campanulatus 4-5.2 mm. longus, 2.7-3.1 mm. latus, dentes subulati
0.8-2 (2.2) mm. longi; petala roseo-purpurea in sicco coerulescentia; vexil-
lum per 45° recurvum late rhombico-obovatum emarginatum 11.2-14 mm.
longum, 8-9 mm. latum; alae 10-13.2 mm. longae, laminis oblanceolatis
obtusis vix incurvis 7.1-8 mm. longis, 2.8-3.5 mm. latis; carina 8.4-10.3 mm.
longa, laminis semi-obovatis 4.7-5.9 mm. longis, 2.7-2.9 mm. latis per 90°
in apicem deltoideum incurvis; legumen pendulum stipitatum lineari-
oblongum vel -oblanceolatum rectum vel leviter decurvum 2.2-3.2 cm.
longum, 3.5-4.5 mm. latum, basi in stipitem gracilem rectum (3.5) 4-6 mm.
longum cuneatim contractum, apice breviter triangulari-rostratum, dorso-
ventraliter compressum, sutura ventrali prominula obtuse carinatum, dorso

FEBRUARY, 1956] | PUGILLUS ASTRAGALORUM 17

applanatum vel saepius aperte sulcatum, valvulis tenuiter carnosis viridibus
vel purpurascentibus strigulosis maturis chartaceis brunneo-stramineis trans-
verse reticulatis, intus filamentosis, haud inflexis; ovula 21-24; semina ma-
tura ignota.

Urau: locally abundant on sandy benches beneath red sand-
stone cliffs, in pinyon-juniper forest, elevation 5800 ft., near the
head of White Canyon, 2 miles below the Kachina Bridge of
Natural Bridges National Monument, on the road down to
Hite’s Ferry, San Juan County, 19 May, 1955, fl. & fr., Barneby
12,777. Type in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 396231. Isotypes:
GH, NY, POM, RM, US, UTC, WS, WTC. Also in the same
environment, elevation 5750 ft., about 13 miles below Kachina
Bridge, Barneby 12,781 (CAS, NY).

This species is related to A. lancearius Gray and A. duches-
nensis Jones, closely resembling the former in its repeatedly
forking and incurved stems and branches which tend to assume,
at least in compactly growing individuals, the bird’s-nest archi-
tecture of some annual eriogonums, while it somewhat ap-
proaches the latter in the dorsoventral compression of the pod.
It differs from both, however, in the presence of a well-devel-
oped stipe, a feature unique in its immediate group. It can be
distinguished further from A. lancearius by the more numerous
and better-developed leaflets, and from A. duchesnensis by the
color of the petals, uniformly pink-purple in the present case,
conspicuously bicolored in the other, where the white wing-tips
contrast with a reddish-purple banner and keel.

On account of their similar stipules and fruits A. nidularius
must be compared further with A. lonchocarpus Torr. and A.
Schmollae C. L. Porter. Both are larger and coarser plants, dif-
fering in general aspect, in details of foliage, larger ochroleu-
cous flowers nodding at full anthesis, as well as other details.
Astragalus Coltoni Jones, resembling A. nidularius in habit, in
the purple (but ordinarily larger and always nodding) flowers,
and stipitate pod, is readily separated by the lateral compres-
sion of the pod-body, which is moreover uniformly glabrous.

Astragalus saurinus Barneby, spec. nov., A. toano Jones et A. rafaelensi
Jones arcte affinis, ab eo imprimis legumine reflexo, ab hoc caulibus brevi-
oribus strictis, foliolis magis numerosis, legumine brevissime cuspidato, ab
ambobus leguminis valvulis maturis chartaceis subdiaphanis nec coriaceis
aberrans.

Herba robusta perennis multicaulis sparsifolia subjuncea olida (selenium
spirans), pilis brevibus appressis subappressisque basifixis fere undique

18 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

strigulosa, junioribus partibus cinerascens; caules subfastigiatim erecti e sub-
terraneo radicis crassae lignosae collo orti (1.5) 2-3 dm. longi, basi aphylli,
ad nodos 1-3 pedunculum primum praecedentes ramulosi; stipulae 1.5-7
mm. longae dimorphae, imae in vaginam pallidam plurinerviam campanu-
latam truncatam vel breviter 2-dentatam connatae, superiores subherbaceae
triangulari-ovatae vel lanceolatae semiamplexicaules nunc basi contra petio-
lum brevissime inter se conjunctae; folia (2.5) 3-9 cm. longa, inferiora et
media imparipinnata, foliolis 14-jugis remotis lineari-filiformibus vel an-
gustissime lineari-oblanceolatis obtusis vel acutiusculis involutis 1-2.5 cm.
longis, superiora vel summa in rachin nudum filiformem reducta, foliolo
terminali omnium exarticulato lateralibus longiori; pedunculi fortes erecti
7-17 cm. longi folium longe superantes; racemi breviter sed laxe (4) 6-14-
flori, floribus mox declinatis, axi fructifero parum elongato (1) 2-6 cm.
longo; pedicelli 1-5-2.5 mm. longi mox retro-arcuati, fructiferi incrassati
paulum longiores; bracteolae minutae 1-2; calycis (6.4) 7-9.4 mm. longi
striguloso-villosuli tubus campanulatus purpurascens 5.6-6.7 mm. longus,
2.8-5.2 mm. latus, dentes late subulati vel triangulares (0.9) 1.2-3.6 mm.
longi; petala bicoloria, vexillo carinaque roseo-purpureis, alis candidis; vex-
illum per 50° recurvum late rhombico-oblanceolatum emarginatum 18-22
mm. longum, 9-13 mm. latum; alae 14.5-20 mm. longae, laminis lineari-
oblongis -oblanceolatisve obtusis subrectis 9.8-14 mm. longis, 2.7-4 mm.
latis; carinae 12-16 mm. longae laminae lunatim semi-ellipticae 6.2-8.3 mm.
longae, 2.9-4.2 mm. latae, per 85-90° in apicem obtusum incurvae; legumen
reflexum sessile, de visu laterali lineari-oblongum vel anguste oblanceola-
tum rectum vel leviter incurvum, (1.5) 2-3 cm. longum, 4.4-6 mm. latum,
basi cuneatim vel sensim angustatum, apice abruptius contractum brevis-
sime cuspidatum, de latere complanatum, suturis prominulis bicarinatum,
valvulis tenuiter carnosis viridibus dense vel parce strigulosis demum char-
taceis stramineis reticulatis, intus filamentosis, haud inflexis; ovula 19-29;
semina brunneo-viridula saepe rubro- vel purpureo-guttulata sublaevia
3.24 mm. longa.

Urau (all Uintah County): sandy soil among junipers, draw
above headquarters, Dinosaur National Monument, 6 miles
north of Jensen, 26 June, 1953, fr., dA. H. Holmgren & S. S. Til-
lett 9527. Type in Herb. N.Y. Bot. Gard.; isotype in the writer’s
collection. Gullied clay hills, on sandstone, elevation 5150-5350
ft., Raven Ridge, 16-18 miles north of Bonanza, 16 May, 1955,
fl., Barneby 12,716. Cotype in Herb. N.Y. Bot. Gard.; isotypes
and paratypes: CAS, RM, US, UTC. Headquarters, Dinosaur
Monument, W. A. Weber 5318 (CAS). Dinosaur Monument,
7 miles north of Jensen, Wolf & Deaver 5055 (TEX). Small can-
yon lateral to the Green River, just below Dinosaur Monument,
Barneby 12,714 (CAS, GH, NY, POM, UTC, US).

Astragalus toanus Jones, A. rafaelensis Jones, and A. saurinus,
which together form a small group among the seleniferous Pec-
tinati distinguished by great reduction of the lateral leaflets and

FEBRUARY, 1956] |= PUGILLUS ASTRAGALORUM 19

by bicolored petals (the white wings contrasting with pink-
purple banner and keel), are closely related. Detailed descrip-
tions of A. toanus and A. saurinus read alike almost word for
word up to the pod, and the two are scarcely distinguishable in
the flowering condition. In fruit the raceme of A. toanus tends
to be looser and longer (3-30 cm. as opposed to 1-6 cm. long);
and the erect or narrowly ascending pod is woody or rigidly
leathery and opaque when ripe, rather than deflexed and of
stifly papery but subdiaphanous texture as in the species here
described. The range of A. toanus extends across north and
north-central Nevada nearly throughout the Humboldt River
drainage, east just into Utah (Millard and Box Elder counties),
and north to the Snake and lower Bruneau rivers in south and
southwest Idaho. But its eastern limit lies some two hundred
miles to the west of A. sauwrinus.

Although technically similar to A. saurinus in the deflexed or
decurved pod, A. rafaelensis is less like it in other respects, espe-
cially as seen in the field. The usually longer remarkably jun-
ceous stems, nearly or quite glabrous and subglaucescent when
fresh, are not held stiffly erect but tend to sprawl outward or
ultimately droop under the burden of the fleshy fruits, forming
plants of low bushy outline rather than the tidy clumps of A.
saurinus. Furthermore the ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid glabrous
pod is relatively shorter and broader, of much thicker texture,
drying leathery or woody, carinate around the long diameter by
thicker and more prominent sutures, and contracted at apex
into‘a stiff and much longer cusp (2.5-4 mm. as opposed to 0.5-1
mm. long).

For purposes of comparison A. rafaelensis has been consid-
ered here only in the phase which occurs within and around the
San Rafael Swell in Emery County, Utah (Cedar Mt. near Wood-
side, Jones in 1915, type; Red Plateau near Woodside, Ripley &
Barneby 8676; San Rafael River near By Joe Spring, Ripley &
Barneby 4720), at points about a hundred miles southwest of
A. saurinus and to the south of the important floristic barrier
of the Tavaputs Escarpment. Astragalus linifolius Osterh.,
known to the writer only from parts of the original collections
(hills south of Grand Junction, Colorado, Osterhout 6106, 6221;
NY), was referred by Rydberg (in N. Amer. Fl. 24:287) to A.
rafaelensis, but may be at least varietally distinct. The pod is
similar, but erect, and the flowers are described by the collector

20 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

in a letter addressed to Rydberg and preserved with the isotype
at New York as “white except for a small purple tip of the keel”.
More recently A. linifolius has been treated by C. L. Porter (in
Univ. Wyo. Pub., Bot., 16:31) as a synonym of A. toanus. Its
status requires study in the light of new material, but it can in
any case hardly be confused with A. saurinus.

Some early collections of A. saurinus seem to have been con-
fused with A. Colton: Jones, the material from Dinosaur Monu-
ment referred to the latter by Graham (Bot. Uinta Basin 246)
being almost certainly of the present species. Astragalus Col-
toni, rather similar in foliage but smaller-flowered and with
long-stipitate glabrous pods, is unknown as yet from north of
Tavaputs Escarpment.

Astragalus pictiformis Barneby, spec. nov., quoad flores et legumina
A. gracilentum Gray simulans, sed caulium parte subterranea valde elongata
demum in caudicem gracilem late repentem hinc inde radicantem trans-
formata, parte emersa abbreviata (1.5—5 cm. tantum longa), racemisque con-
fertis (fructiferis 0.5-2.5 cm. longis) quoad habitum aliena et inter affines
omnes ex affinitate A. flexuosi Dougl. insignis.

Herba humilis caulescens e collo profunde sepulto radicis gracilis verti-
calis perennis assurgens, supra soli nivellum pilis adscendentibus subappres-
sisque sinuosis rectisque basifixis dense striguloso-villosula canescens vel
cinerea, foliolis bicoloribus inferne (infra pubem) pallidis, superne satura-
tius viridibus ad medium glabrescentibus; caules singuli vel pauci, apud
plantas juniores ex ipsa radice prodeuntes, apud vetustiores hinc inde e
caudicis gracilis sepulti parce radicantis ramulis oblique lateque repentibus
emissi, per (2) 3.5-40 cm. subterranei, emersi laxe adscendentes 1.5-5 cm.
longi plerumque simplices, internodiis confertis; stipulae 1.5-5 (6) mm.
longae subdimorphae, sepultae in vaginam campanulatam scariosam glab-
ram truncatam vel breviter 2-dentatam coadunatae, emersae late ovato-acu-
minatae vel lanceolatae subherbaceae dorso pubescentes amplexicaules bre-
vius connatae; folia (1) 1.5-5.5 cm. longa breviter petiolata, foliolis 4-8-jugis
confertis oblongo-ovatis -oblanceolatisve rarius suborbicularibus obtusis
retusisve 2-8 (10) mm. longis; pedunculi laxe adscendentes (1) 1.5-5 (6.5)
cm. longi, folio breviores et subaequilongi rarius longiores; racemi densius-
cule 4-14-flori, floribus primum adscendentibus demum declinatis, axi fruc-
tifero parum elongato 0.5-2.5 cm. longo; pedicelli ad anthesin recti 0.8-1.4
mm. longi, fructiferi recurvi paulo incrassati 1.4-2.5 mm. longi; bracteolae
saepe 2 minutae, rarius 0; calycis 4-6.3 mm. longi albo-villosuli tubus cam-
panulatus 3-4 mm. longus, 2.4-2.9 mm. latus, dentes subulati 1-2.5 mm.
longi; petala pallide carnea, vexillo striato, carina apice purpurascenti;
vexillum per 50° recurvum ovato-cuneatum aperte emarginatum 9-11 mm.
longum, 6-8 mm. latum; alae 8.7-10.8 mm. longae, laminis oblongo-oblance-
olatis -obovatisve obtusissimis vel truncatis subrectis 5.7-7.3 mm. longis;
carinae 7-8.9 mm. longae laminae semi-obovatae 4-5.2 mm. longae in api-
cem deltoideum per 95° incurvae; legumen deflexum subsessile ambitu ob-

FEBRUARY, 1956] |= PUGILLUS ASTRAGALORUM 21

longum vel late oblongo-ellipticum saepissime leviter decurvum 1-1.7 mm.
longum, 4.5-6 mm. latum, basi in collum obscurum substipitiformem apice
in rostrum brevissimum declinatum abrupte contractum, obtuse trigonum,
sutura ventrali crassa prominula carinatum, dorso late et aperte sulcatum,
valvulis dense striguloso-villosulis primum tenuiter carnosis viridibus vel
purpurascentibus demum subcoriaceis brunneo-stramineis transverse reticu-
latis, intus filamentosis, haud inflexis; ovula (10) 14-18; semina (pauca visa)
brunnea laevia circa 2.2 mm. longa.

New Mexico: sandy slopes and along gullies and draws in
rolling arid grassland, elevation 6250 ft., 3-4 miles west of Negra,
Torrance County, 7 May (fl.) and 22 May (fl. & fr.), 1955, Bar-
neby 12,605 & 12,812. Cotypes in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., Nos.
$96232 & 396230; isotypes: GH, NY, OKLA, POM, UTC. Sand-
stone mesa, elevation 4800 ft., 10 miles east of Santa Rosa, Guad-
alupe County, Ripley & Barneby 7513. Stony hills with Nolina
and Acacia, 12 miles west of Roswell, Chaves County, Waterfall
10,561. Texas: dry hillside among scrub-oaks, elevation 5500 ft.,
Signal Peak, Guadalupe Mts., Culberson County, Ripley &
Barneby in March, 1949 (the last three in the writer’s collection).

Astragalus pictiformis has been known for several years in the
form of flowering and fragmentary fruiting or sterile specimens
hitherto assigned tentatively to A. gracilentus Gray or some re-
lated form. The flowers and fruits greatly resemble those of A.
gracilentus (in which I would include A. Greenei Gray as a
minor variant), and it is the greatly shortened aerial stems, con-
densed racemes and, especially, the modified caudex and, as a
result, the wholly different aspect of the growing plants which
entitle A. pictiformis to specific rank.

All members of Sect. Scytocarpi Gray (Sect. Flexuosi Jones or
the genus Pisophaca Rydb.) are characterized by a subterranean
root-crown which gives rise to partly buried annual stems, these
often persisting underground as a loosely forking caudex but
not rooting at the nodes. The principal stems (disregarding an
occasional starveling individual) are as long as and commonly
up to two or three times longer than the subterranean portion,
and branched upon emergence. In A. gracilentus and the per-
haps too closely allied A. flexwosus, the members of the group
with which we are here particularly concerned, the racemes are
loose and open, the axis becoming 2.5-13 cm. long in fruit. In
the present species the subterranean part of the stems is at least
as long as and up to twenty times longer than the shortened and
simple leafy exserted part, and the racemes, borne close to the

ae LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

ground, are shorter and more densely flowered, the fruiting axis

being only 0.5-2.5 cm. long. The subterranean stems persist as_

widely creeping thready rhizomes which root adventitiously
from the nodes, these secondary roots often becoming thickened
and woody and assuming the function of an independent tap-
root. Old plants thus form clones connected by a network of
slender cords. This peculiar habit of growth, especially well
adapted to sandy or other loose and deep soils, is familiar to
anyone acquainted with A. ceramicus Sheld. (formerly Phaca
picta, whence the epithet pictiformis). The latter differs from
A. pictiformis in the bladdery-inflated nearly always stipitate

pod (sessile only in southeastern Idaho), and in the decurrent

terminal leaflet of all or at least most leaves.

Astragalus lentiginosus Dougl. var. micans Barneby, var. nov., var.
Coulteri (Benth.) Jones necnon var. variabilis Barneby formis cano-sericeis
proxima, ab ambabus radice forte perenni, caulibus inferne induratis valde
robustis, indumento densissimo villoso-tomentoso e pilis longioribus (1.2-2
mm. usque longis) constituto absimilis. A var. variabili insuper differt den-
tibus calycinis longioribus 1.4-2.6 mm. longis; a var. Coulteri allopatrica.

CALiForRNIA: lower slopes of sand dunes at southeast end of
Eureka Valley, east of Inyo Mts., Inyo County, elevation 3050
ft., May 13, 1955 (fr.), John C. Roos 6354, and at the same place,
elevation 3100 ft., April 9, 1955 (fl.), Munz & Roos 20,851. Co-
types (and photographs of the plants im situ) in Herb. Rancho
Santa Ana Bot. Gard. First discovered in the same place, Sept.
18, 1954, Munz & Roos 20,153.

In view of the known variability of all forms of A. lentigino-
sus it may well seem imprudent to describe a variety to accom-
modate a single population, but I am unable to dispose other-
wise of these remarkable plants. The var. micans is closely re-
lated to var. Coulteri (Benth.) Jones and var. variabilis Barneby
and can be distinguished from the former and from the more
silvery-pubescent forms of the latter only with difficulty. Two
small features of var. micans stand out as unique in this alli-
ance: the length of the longer hairs (1.2-2 mm. as opposed to
0.5-1, in var. Coulteri exceptionally 1.2 mm. long), and the ex-
traordinarily robust habit of growth. The allied forms are short-
lived perennials rarely persisting over more than two winters
and commonly flowering the first season, and the base of the
stems never becomes indurated as here. In the length of the
calyx-teeth (1.4-2.6 mm. long) var. micans nearly approaches
var. Coulteri, but this is narrowly endemic to the Coachella

OO EEE

FEBRUARY, 1956] AXONOPUS COMPRESSUS 25

Valley (from near Indio north to Morongo and San Gorgonio
passes, mostly below 1200 feet altitude), about two hundred and
thirty miles south of Eureka Valley. The range of var. variabilis
lies in the southwestern parts of the Mohave Desert, from the
northern foothills of the San Bernardino and Little San Ber-
nardino mountains northward along the foot of the Sierra Ne-
vada just into southern Inyo County. This differs consistently
from var. micans in the short calyx-teeth (1-1.4, exceptionally
1.5 mm. long) and those forms of it (fma. 8 and y as defined by
the writer in Leafl. West. Bot. 4:126, 127) with silvery-silky herb-
age are winter-annuals, the one (fma. y) extending into Inyo
County having in addition smaller flowers and intergrading
with var. Fremontii (Gray) Wats., which is the common repre-
sentative of A. lentiginosus at low elevations in the Death Val-
ley region. In short it seems probable that var. micans represents
an independent offshoot of the Coulteri-variabilis complex
which has acquired a few small distinctive qualities in its iso-
lated dune-habitat in the sink of Eureka Valley, and practical
taxonomy is best served by its systematic recognition. It may be
noted in passing that endemic subspecies of Stanleya pinnata
and Oenothera deltoides have recently been described from
these same dunes by Munz & Roos (in El Aliso 3:115, 118,—1955).

Axonopus A LAWN WEED IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. The car-
pet grass, Axonopus compressus (Sw.) Beauv., which is sometimes
cultivated as a coarse lawn grass or ground cover, has appeared
in the Pasadena lawn of Joseph A. Geohegan. He regards its oc-
currence with him as weedy: he did not plant the grass and
wishes to eradicate it. Mrs. Grace Cole Fleischman, Senior Seed
Analyst with the California Department of Agriculture in Los
Angeles, inspected the infestation and writes of it as follows:
“The lawn is the typical weedy sort I see all over Pasadena, with
crabgrass, veronica, mouse-ear chickweed, oxalis, etc. I did not
see the carpet grass scattered over the entire lawn — just in ir-
regular patches in the middle near a water sprinkler that seemed
to be leaking a bit.” The grass was first sent to Mrs. Fleischman
for determination in October, 1954, and she made.the above
observations and a collection on November 2.—]. T. HOWELL.

ae LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 1

HELIANTHEMUM GUTTATUM NEGLECTED IN CALIFORNIA. One of

the conspicuous annual herbs on the lower foothills of the Sierra
Nevada near Ione, Amador County, California, is the European

plant, Helianthemum guttatum (L.) Mill. (Tuberaria guttata —

Grosser) (Howell 29,809). Depending on immediate edaphic con-
ditions in open grassy places in the chaparral, the plants vary
greatly in habit, those growing in thin sterile soil being depau-

perate and one- or few-flowered, those growing in deep soil be- |

ing taller, branched, and many-flowered. When I found the
plant on May 18, 1954, only the more robust plants still carried
flowers with spreading yellow petals with dark brown base.

This distinctive introduction, so unlike our perennial native
species, was reported from the Amador County foothills in 1940
by W. W. Robbins (Calif. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 637, p. 72), but
it has not been noted in floristic works nor in “Weeds of Califor-
nia” (1941, 1951). Helianthemum guttatum may as yet be re-
stricted in its distribution, but, because of its local abundance
and its adaptability, I believe it is here to stay and deserves rec-
ognition.—JOHN THoMAs HowELL.

ANOTHER ORNITHOPUS IN SANTA Cruz COUNTY, CALIFORNIA.
From the same district where Vesta F. Hesse discovered Orni-
thopus roseus Dufour in 1941 (cf. Leaf. West. Bot. 5: 186,—1949)
now comes a record of O. pinnatus (Mill.) Druce to be credited
to the same collector: Graham Hill between Felton and Santa
Cruz, elev. about 600 ft., Santa Cruz County, California, Hesse

1614 (June 14, 1955, in flower) and Hesse 1653 (July 5, 1955, in

fruit). The flowering plants of this slender Old World annual

a

might readily be mistaken for one of our native species of Lotus,
but such an error will be quickly rectified when one sees the ©
slender legumes disarticulating into small loments. The two —

species of Ornithopus, which I know of in California only from
Miss Hesse’s collections, may be readily distinguished by char-

acters of foliage, inflorescence, flower-color, and fruit. Because —

the young fruits of certain species of Ornithopus (such as the one
we are here reporting) resemble the claws of a bird, the common

name for the plants in several European countries is the direct —

translation of the generic name: Vogelfuss, pied d’oiseau, and
bird’s foot.—JoHN THomas HowELL.

4Ie

Vou. VIII No. 2

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS

PAGE

Benitoa, a New Genus of Compositae from California . . 25
D. D. Keck

SIM WY VCRTRAT IGE CCE ERE. C0815 aN SARIS Ne. die ied ae negeab a) eae
F. J. HERMANN

The Subspecies of Phacelia nemoralis Greene . . . . 29
L. R. HEcKARD

Notes on the FloraofIdaho-I . . . .... . 82

WILLIAM H. BAKER

Eriogonum Notes V: E. glandulosum, with a New Variety . 37
JouN ‘THomMAs HowELL

im mwew Warvasus trom Orepon) 1 et go SD
Morton E. PEcK

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
Apri 30, 1956

LIBRARY
NEW Yo!
BOTANIC?

GARDEN

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

A publication devoted particularly to the native and naturalized
plants of western North America and to the cultivated plants
of California, appearing about four times each year. Subscrip-
tion, $2.00 annually. Cost of back files or single numbers fur-
nished on request. Address: John Thomas Howell, California

Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18.

Cited as

LEAFL. WEsT. Bort.

Owned and published by

Joun THomaAs HOWELL

APRIL, 1956] BENITOA, A NEW GENUS 25

BENITOA, A NEW GENUS OF COMPOSITAE
FROM CALIFORNIA

BY DAVID D. KECK
The New York Botanical Garden, New York

In late summer on the browning short-grass hot and arid hills
of the inner South Coast Range of California, from southern
San Benito County to Parkfield Grade, one finds patches of a
yellow-flowered composite, as individuals slender and rather in-
conspicuous. The numerous small heads are held erect on their
slender peduncles in the large open corymbose panicle. The
stem below is unbranched and moderately leafy with yellow-
green foliage that soon develops a reddish cast. The whole plant
may be covered with dust from its habitat due to an abundance
of stalked glands, which incidentally impart a resiny odor. This
plant was first described in 1928 by H. M. Hall, who called it
Haplopappus occidentalis and added it to the otherwise mono-
typic section Isopappus. At that time the writer was employed
as an assistant to Dr. Hall and he was assigned the task of finding
as many differences as possible between the new species and Hap-
lopappus divaricatus (Nutt.) Gray, which seemed to be its clos-
est relative. Nine sets of characters in which these species differ
are compared on page 216 of Hall’s monograph (The Genus
Haplopappus. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. No. 389, 391 pp.).
Many of the differences enumerated there also separate H. occi-
dentalis from all other members of the genus. In preparing ac-
counts of Haplopappus for Abrams’ Illustrated Flora of the
Pacific States and for a California flora that P. A. Munz and he
have in preparation, the writer has been impressed by the fact
that this plant is an aberrant element in Haplopappus from
many points of view, and that the circumscription of that genus
becomes clearer and more natural if this species is excluded from
it. Consideration has therefore been given to generic segrega-
tion, and the name Benitoa is proposed for this monotypic
genus. The more important generic differences are tabulated
below.

Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VIII, pp. 25-40, April 30, 1956. ‘

26 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY

HAPLOPAPPUS

Disk-florets fertile, their akenes
densely pubescent.

Ray-florets, when present, usually
sterile, if fertile their akenes most-
ly cylindro-turbinate, not obvious-
ly obcompressed nor 3-nerved, vil-
lous to glabrous, not finely serice-
ous-puberulent nor patterned.

Pappus-bristles numerous (12-40 or
more), persistent or rarely some-
what deciduous, as long as or long-
er than the involucre.

Outer phyllaries not tipped with a
prominent capitate gland.

[VOL. VIII, NO. 2

BENITOA

Disk-florets sterile, their undevel-
oped akenes glabrous.

Ray-florets fertile, their akenes ob-
compressed, 3-nerved, triangular
in cross-section, the superficial
nerves peelable, finely sericeous-
puberulent in patches, forming a
regular mottled pattern on the
dark coat of the akene.

Pappus-bristles 1-8, early deciduous,
exceptionally slender and fragile,
much shorter than the involucre.

Outer phyllaries tipped with a prom-
inent capitate gland.

In addition, Benitoa is an annual herb with ligules of the ray-
florets becoming revolute into a coil at the tip, yellow often
tinged with red, and only about 1 mm. wide. Very few species
of Haplopappus are annuals, and these belong in the sections
Blepharodon and Isopappus. It is just here, too, that species
occur in which the ligule is often revolute, and only in Bleph-
arodon and Hazardia may it become reddish. The ligule is ordi-
narily wider in Haplopappus than in Benitoa.

Benitoa Keck, gen. nov. Capitulum multiflorum, floribus radiorum ligulatis
foemineis 1-seriatis fertilibus, fl. disci tubulosis hermaphroditis 5-dentatis.
Involucrum cylindro-turbinatum, 5- vel 6-seriatum imbricatum, squamis
30-50 corneis lineari-attenuatis exterioribus apice subpatulo glandulam
pedicellatam gerentibus. Achaenia radiorum trigona puberula, disci linearia
glaberrima abortiva. Pappus disci et radiorum 1-8 setis tenuissimis flexuosis
deciduis constans.—Herbae annuae xerophyticae cymoso-paniculatae ramo-
sae omnino aspere glanduloso-pubescentes aromaticae. Folia alterna reticu-
lato-venosa integerrima sessilia. Capitula lutea roseo-tincta pedicellata.
(Named for San Benito County.)

Monotypic.

Benitoa occidentalis (Hall) Keck, comb. nov. Haplopappus occidentalis
Hall, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. No. 389:214, fig. 72 (1928).

This uncommon endemic of the Diablo Range occurs in col-
onies that sometimes color entire fields from north of Cook,
southern San Benito County, southward through Peachtree and
Priest valleys in Monterey and Fresno counties to the north side
of Parkfield Grade, the type locality. It is a member of the Foot-
hill Woodland plant community at elevations of 1200 to 3200
feet, with Pinus Sabiniana, P. Coulteri, Quercus Douglasit, Aes-

Se

APRIL, 1956] BENITOA, A NEW GENUS 27

culus californica, Haplopappus squarrosus subsp. stenolepis,
Hemizonia Lobbii, etc., and is perhaps confined to serpentine
soils. It blooms from late June to November.

In addition to the collections cited by Hall, there are: near
Hernandez, San Benito County, Aug. 17, 1933, J. T. Howell
11549 (CAS, NY); 18 miles east of San Lucas, Monterey County,
about 1500 feet altitude, Sept. 29, 1928, Keck 469 (CI); Priest
Valley, San Benito County, Sept. 22, 1920, L. R. Abrams 7676
(DS, NY); 3.5 miles southeast of Priest Valley post office, Fresno
County, 1500 feet altitude, and noted that it was common for
seven miles southeastward, Sept. 29, 1928, Keck 470 (CI, DS, K,
POM, UC); range south of Jacalitos Creek, Fresno County, June
13, 1938, Eastwood & Howell 5862 (CAS, NY); 5.7 miles north
of summit of Parkfield Grade, Fresno County, 1200 feet altitude,
Aug. 31, 1955, Peter H. Raven 8792 (CAS, NY, duplicates to be
distributed); northeastern end of summit of Parkfield Grade,
Fresno County, topotype, Raven 8798 (CAS, NY).

Hall attempted to make a case for deriving this plant from
Haplopappus divaricatus (Nutt.) Gray of the section Isopappus.
The latter plant grows in the southeastern United States from
South Carolina and Florida to Texas, and habitally it bears a
strong resemblance to Benitoa. Its leaves, although spiny-
toothed, are similarly thickish and veiny, its stems are glandu-
lar-pubescent, and even its ligules may become tightly revolute.
Attention may be called to the fact, however, that in other char-
acters some similarity may be found between Benitoa and some
members of the section Blepharodon, of the southwestern
United States and Mexico, in which one also finds the annual
habit, revolute ligules, which in addition may turn reddish as
in Benitoa, and rather firm linear-subulate phyllaries. Hall
made a primary separation of the sections of Haplopappus on
the basis of head-size, but this has since been questioned by a
few, and the present instance bears on the point. Hall kept
Blepharodon among the large-headed sections, and Isopappus
among the small-headed. Actually, the heads of H. divaricatus,
although narrowly campanulate, are not fundamentally differ-
ent from those of the smaller-headed members of the section
Blepharodon, which are broadly campanulate to hemispheric,
and on the strength of the many other obvious similarities it
would seem to be better to unite the now monotypic section

28 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

Isopappus with section Blepharodon. In any case, Benitoa has
surely had a long independent evolutionary history, and whether
it has been derived from the relatively primitive Blepharodon-
Isopappus complex in Haplopappus or from a precursor of that
genus is not certain. It does appear to stand sufficiently apart
from all other species to warrant generic status.

A NEW WYOMING SEDGE

BY F. J. HERMANN
Plant Industry Station, Beltsville, Md.

Carex limnophila F. J. Hermann, spec. nov. (OvALEs), Caespitosa; culmi
graciles folia superantes; folia ad basim culmi maxima ex parte aggregata,
vaginis teneris non artis ventraliter albidis; spicae 4-8 gynaecandrae in
capitulum fusco-nigrum terminale 7-12 mm. longum, 5-10 mm. latum
confertae; squamae lanceolatae breviacuminatae; perigynia tenuiter mem-
branacea, plano-convexa, ovato-lanceolata vel anguste lanceolata, 2.5-3.25
mm. longa, I-1.3 mm. lata, valde alata in rostrum serrulatum angustum
1.5 mm. longum apice teres attenuata; achaenia lenticularia ovoidea sub-
stipitata.

Cespitose; culms 24.5 dm. high, slender, obtusely triangular below, sharply
so below the heads, weakly scabridulous above, otherwise smooth; lowest
2 or 3 leaves with rudimentary blades; leaves with well-developed blades 3
to 5 to a fertile culm, mostly on the lower half of the culm and Y% to % its
length, the blades flat, linear, 6-17 cm. long, 1.5-3.25 mm. wide, scabridulous
on the margins and midrib toward the attenuate apex, the sheaths loose,
ventrally white-hyaline, thin and fragile, prolonged 0.5-1 mm. at the throat
beyond the base of the blade, the ligule wider than long; head ovoid to
oblong, 7-12 mm. long, 5-10 mm. wide, dull dark olive-brown to blackish-
brown; spikes 4 to 8, gynaecandrous, aggregated, 4-6 mm. long, 3-4 mm.
wide, rounded at the base, the apex truncately obtuse at maturity, the
perigynia ascending; bracts scale-like except the lowermost which is generally
setaceous and 10-12 mm. in length; scales lanceolate, short-acuminate, 2-2.5
mm. long, 0.75-1 mm. wide, about the length of the bodies of the perigynia,
dark olive-brown, glossy, the midvein slender and mostly inconspicuous (ex-
cept sometimes towards the base) or obsolete; perigynia thin, plano-convex
to shallowly convex, ovate-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 2.5-3.25 mm.
long, 1-1.3 mm. wide (averaging 3 x 1.25 mm.), membranaceous, drab-brown
ventrally, blackish-brown dorsally, the body ovate to elliptic, obscurely
nerved or nerveless dorsally, nerveless ventrally and generally with 1 or 2
conspicuous transverse folds across the center of the body, strongly winged
to the base, doubly serrate to below the middle, rounded at the slightly
spongy base, tapering or contracted into a slender beak about 1.5 mm. long,
obliquely cut dorsally, dark brown to black, the tip terete, almost imper-

APRIL, 1956] = SUBSPECIES OF PHACELIA NEMORALIS 29

ceptibly bidentulate and hyaline; achenes lenticular, ovoid, 1 x 0.75 mm.,
substipitate, apiculate, stramineous to grayish-brown and minutely red-
flecked; stigmas two, slender, reddish-brown.

WyomiInc: associated with Carex Douglasii, Juncus longistylis, and Oxy-
tropis deflexa var. sericea on gravelly edge of road bordering willows on
north shore of Half Moon Lake, altitude about 7500 ft., Wind River Mts.,
7 miles northeast of Pinedale, Sublette County, Aug. 21, 1955, F. J. Hermann
12252 (US, type, CAS, RM, NA); growing with Luzula Piperi on abrupt,
mossy shore of Bridge Bay, Yellowstone Lake, altitude about 7800 ft., 3 miles
southwest of Lake Junction, Yellowstone National Park, Sept. 12, 1955, F. J.
Hermann 12527 (US, MONT, NA).

Carex limnophila is most nearly related to C. Haydeniana
Olney (C. nubicola Mack.) from which it is readily distinguished
by its small heads and its much smaller perigynia (3 mm., rather
than 4.5-6 mm., long) which are brown throughout rather than
“greenish straw-colored, tinged with brown,” and have a more
constant and deeper ventral fold. In habit the new sedge is much
more suggestive of C. illota Bailey, the small, blackish heads of
both species being of the same size and strikingly similar in ap-
pearance, but C. illota is very different in its plump, almost wing-
less perigynia, because of which it is perhaps more naturally
placed in Section Stellulatae than in Section Ovales.

THE SUBSPECIES OF PHACELIA NEMORALIS
GREENE

BY L. R. HECKARD

During the course of investigating the members of Phacelia
muagellanica polyploid complex in California (Heckard, 1954),
it has become increasingly apparent that plants of P. nemoralis
Greene of the moister foothills of the Coast Ranges of central
California are recognizably different from plants occupying a
somewhat similar habitat in the Pacific Northwest. This mor-
phological difference, although slight, is supplemented by evi-
dence from chromosome counts. A survey of chromosome num-
bers in this species has shown that the central California plants
are all diploid (n = 11) while those from the Pacific Northwest
are tetraploid. Herbarium specimens of plants of the two levels
of ploidy are often difficult to distinguish owing to overlapping
variation, but certain slight differences are present rather con-

30 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

sistently, especially those which are seen when the plants are
in cultivation side by side. It would seem that the goals of tax-
onomy are better served by recognizing the plants of the Pacific
Northwest as a subspecies. This treatment expresses the close
relationship of plants of the two levels of ploidy, a feature which
would be lost by assigning the tetraploids specific rank as a
result of rigidly applying a genetic definition of a species.

Phacelia nemoralis Greene subsp. oregonensis Heckard, subsp. nov. Caulis
unico vel caules plures crassi (diametro longitudinis dimidio 7-10 mm.) 5-20
dm. alti; rosulae foliis maturis foliolorum paribus duobus vel pluribus
flavido-viridibus vel atro-viridibus rugosis supra sparse appresso-hispidis,
10-25 cm. longis, 4—9 cm. latis; corolla eburnea, 5-6 mm. longa, 4-5 cm. lata;
seminibus unicis vel duobus, 2-2.5 mm. longis.

Stems one to several, stout (usually 7-10 mm. in diameter for one-half their
length), 5-20 dm. high; mature rosette leaves yellow-green to dark green,
rugose and sparsely appressed-hispid on upper surface, 10-25 cm. long, 4-9
cm. broad, with 2 or more pairs of leaflets; corolla yellowish-white, 5-6 mm.
long, 4-5 mm. broad; seed 1 or 2, 2-2.5 mm. long.

Type: Sauvies Island, 4 miles north of Burlington ferry, Multnomah
County, Oregon, Constance & Beetle 2674 (UC 671710); n = 22.

Habitat and distribution. Shaded or partially shaded banks and road-
sides, often associated with thickets or luxuriant roadside vegetation; west
of the Cascade Mountain axis in Washington, Oregon, and northwestern
California, sea level to approximately 2000 feet.

Tetraploid chromosome vouchers.* WASHINGTON. Pacific County: near
Megler Ferry landing along Columbia River, Heckard 591. OREGON. Mult-
nomah County: Multnomah Falls, Heckard S-173 (seed collection by Francia
Chisaki). Clackamas County: West Bluffs, Willamette River falls, Oregon
City, Constance & Beetle 2767; Zigzag River, 1.3 miles above Rhododendron,
2000 feet, Constance & Beetle 2778. Marion County: Silver Creek Falls State
Park, Heckard T-266 (transplant collected by C. R. Bell). Linn County: near
Calapooya River, 3 miles north of Shedd, Constance & Beetle 2782. Tilla-
mook County: ocean bluffs at Short Sands Beach State Park, 4.5 miles north-
west of Nehalem, Heckard 592; 3 miles north of Neskowin, Constance &
Beetle 2643. Lincoln County: Cape Perpetua, Constance & Beetle 2643. Coos
County: bluffs, 300 feet above ocean, Humbug Mountain State Park, Heckard
595 (specimen intermediate towards P. argentea); 2 miles east of Bridge,
Kruckeberg 3314. CALIFoRNIA. Del Norte County: west of Myrtle Creek, along
Smith River, Heckard 265. Humboldt County: summit of Table Bluff, 12
miles south of Eureka, Constance & Beetle 2609.

Other representative specimens (uncounted). WASHINGTON. Pierce County:
Carbon River bridge, below Fairfax, H. E. & §. T. Parks 682. Thurston Coun-
ty: Olympia, 18 June 1904, E. C. Townsend. Lewis County: Lewis and Clark
State Park, J. T. Howell 7341 (CAS). Grays Harbor County: near Montesano,

*Unless otherwise designated the specimens are in the Herbarium of the University of
California, Berkeley. Professor Lincoln Constance and Dr. Marion Cave of that institution
have kindly made available their chromosome vouchers for this study.

APRIL, 1956] SUBSPECIES OF PHACELIA NEMORALIS 31

A. A. & G. E. Heller 3923, Wahkiakum County: Altoona, Suksdorf 6677.
Cowlitz County: 2 miles southeast of Kelso, Constance & Beetle 2781. OREGON.
Lane County: McKenzie River Valley, 3 miles east of Walterville, Eastwood
& Howell 1584 (CAS). Hood River County: Columbia River Gorge, Benson
2270.

The diploid plants of P. nemoralis constitute a morphologi-
cally homogeneous group, limited in its distribution to the
moister foothills of the California Coast Ranges from San Luis
Obispo County north to Sonoma County. The tetraploid plants
(subsp. oregonensis), on the other hand, exhibit considerably
more morphological variability. The greatest constancy of char-
acters is found in the plants of the lowland areas of Oregon and
Washington west of the Cascade Mountain crest. These plants
differ most conspicuously from those of subsp. nemoralis in the
following features:

subsp. nemoralis

Stems slender, rarely exceeding 7
mm. at midpoint.

Branches of inflorescence loosely dis-
posed along stem.

Mature rosette leaves yellow-green,
with one pair of lateral leaflets (oc-
casionally 2), the upper surface of
leaf sparsely hispid.

Corolla greenish-white, 3.5-5 mm.
long and 3.5-4.5 mm. broad.

subsp. oregonensis

Stems stout, usually 7-10 mm. in di-
ameter at midpoint.

Branches of inflorescence more com-
pactly arranged along stem.

Mature rosette leaves green, with 2
or more pairs of lateral leaflets, the
upper surface of leaf rugose and
sparsely appressed-hispid or stri-
gose.

Corolla yellowish-white, 5-6 mm.
long and 4-5 mm. broad.

In the Cascade Mountains of south-central Washington, diff-
culties occasionally arise in separating subsp. oregonensis from
P. leptosepala Rydberg (Kruckeberg, in press), while in similar
areas south of the Columbia River intergrades are found be-
tween subsp. oregonensis and the montane tetraploid P. mu-
tabilis (for example, Constance & Beetle 2678). Plants have been
collected on the sea bluffs of Curry County, Oregon (Peck 20392,
Eastwood & Howell 3620, Heckard 595) which indicate the in-
fluence of genes from the sand dune P. argentea Nels. & Macbr.
At the southern limit of distribution of subsp. oregonensis in
northwest California (Del Norte and Humboldt counties), a com-
plex mélange of plants is encountered which occupies the habi-
tat of the subspecies, but which varies in the direction of, other
tetraploid taxa of the area. While the “nemoraloid”’ features of

32 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

rank habit and large stem size are retained, other features such
as increased corolla size, less hispidity, and more densely strigose
leaf surface are developed to varying degrees. A fuller account
of this variability and its documentation is to be presented in
the author’s forthcoming treatise of the California members of
the P. magellanica complex. These intergradations are typical
of the variation pattern which is encountered on the tetraploid
level throughout this polyploid complex. Taxa must be inter-
rupted somewhat arbitrarily in order to apply a practical system
of nomenclature to the major recognizable plateaus of morpho-
logical uniformity.
REFERENCES

HEcKARD, L. R. 1954. VIII Cong. Int. Bot. Rapp. & Comm. Sect. 9: 72,73.
KRUCKEBERG, A. R. 1956. Madrono, in press.

Department of Botany

University of Illinois
Urbana, Illinois

NOTES ON THE FLORA OF IDAHO-I

BY WILLIAM H. BAKER

University of Idaho, Moscow

In 1950 the University of Idaho initiated Special Research
Project No. 31, entitled “A Taxonomic and Distributional Sur-
vey of Aquatic, Range, and Weed Plants of Idaho.” The work
is now in its fifth year. Collections during this period have re-
sulted in an accumulation of over 5000 specimens which have
been deposited in the University of Idaho Herbarium. Many of
these were collected in sets of 10, making available approxi-
mately 50,000 specimens for exchange with other herbaria. A
series of papers is planned, as the work progresses, dealing with
the more interesting plant records which are being obtained
during the study.

The plants listed in the present report are for the most part
new to the state. The plants discussed here and in future papers
will fall into five general categories: (1) plants which have been
introduced or have become naturalized along roadsides, in
wastelands, or in cultivated or irrigated sections, these consti-

APRIL, 1956] FLORA OF IDAHO 33

tuting a group of considerable importance in our flora today;
(2) plants which previously have been listed as “probably occur-
ring in Idaho” based on the presence of the species in states
adjacent to Idaho; (3) plants which have been listed in older
reports as growing within the state but for which no material is
at present available for study; (4) native Idaho plants which
for lack of previous intensive plant exploration have been over-
looked; (5) any unusual distributional records which may prove
to be of sufficient interest to warrant further discussion.

All of the collections mentioned are the author’s except as
noted in the text. Appreciation is expressed to R. C. Barneby,
F. J. Hermann, C. L. Hitchcock, J. T. Howell, E. R. Sohns, and
J. R. Swallen for help with the identification of certain critical
specimens.

AEGILOPS CYLINDRICA Host. Waste ground, a weed on the cam-
pus of University of Idaho, Moscow, Latah County, No. 9090.
A native of southern Europe which is becoming a serious weed
pest in the midwest and New Mexico. St. John (3) records it as
an established weed in grassy places around Pullman, Whitman
County, Washington.

AGROSTIS VARIABILIS Rydb. Frequent, dry rocky wash, above
Sawpit Creek, about 2 miles south of Silver City, Owyhee Coun-
ty, No. 8286 (US). This plant has apparently often been included
in A. Rossae Vasey in the floras covering our area. It is found
along rocky creek banks and on mountain slopes from British
Columbia to California and eastward through Idaho, Nevada,
Utah, and Colorado.

ERAGROSTIS ORCUTTIANA Vasey. Frequent, dry roadsides, 10
miles south of Nampa, Canyon County, No. 8340 (US). Dupli-
cate identified by E. R. Sohns and J. R. Swallen. This is the
first collection of the species in Idaho, although it has been re-
corded previously from Oregon (ballast, Portland), California,
Nevada, Arizona, and Colorado.

HorRDEUM LEPORINUM Link. Frequent, roadside weed at Oak-
ley, Cassia County, No. 8668 (US). Not previously known from
Idaho. It is present in the states immediately adjacent to Idaho
on the west and south, having been collected in Oregon, Wash-
ington, Nevada, and Utah.

LEPTOCHLOA FASCICULARIS (Lam.) Gray. Occasional, moist
soil, along the Snake River at Walters Ferry, Owyhee County,

34 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

No. 8591 (US). The first record of this genus in Idaho. The
species appears throughout most of the United States, south
through tropical America to Argentina. Previously it had been
found in all the states west of the Mississippi River except
Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming.

ELEOCHARIS BELLA (Piper) Sven. Frequent, moist ground along
the banks of Indian Creek, 1.5 miles south of Riddle, Owyhee
County, No. 8479. Very similar in appearance to E. acicularis
which is a perennial with creeping rootstocks. Ours differs in
being densely tufted with smaller spikelets and anthers. This
is the second record for Idaho.

CAREX MULTICOSTATA Mkze. Frequent, wet pools along the
lower Sawpit Creek, about | mile south of Silver City, Owyhee
County, No. 8240. Only known from the mountains of Oregon
and California. Our record constitutes a considerable extension
in range. It has not previously been reported from Idaho.

JUNcUs OCCIDENTALIS (Cov.) Wieg. Frequent, moist stream
side, lower Sawpit Creek, about 1 mile south of Silver City,
Owyee County, No. 8245. Duplicate identified by F. J. Her-
mann. This is the most eastern locality record to date. It nor-
mally ranges from Washington to Oregon, mainly east of the
Cascade Mountains, to central California. New to Idaho.

Juncus Tweepy1 Rydb. Moist seepage pond at Big Springs
Railroad Junction, Fremont County, No. 9944. Duplicate iden-
tified by F. J. Hermann. This is a perennial species with caespi-
tose rootstocks and it can be easily distinguished from other
species by its long-caudate seeds. It has been collected before in
bogs and wet meadows from Montana to Wyoming (Yellow-
stone National Park) and in Utah. This collection is an im-
portant extension of the known range into Idaho. —

Juncus xipHioiwEs E. Mey. Frequent, moist ground along
Birch Creek, near Silent City of the Rocks, Cassia County, No.
8669. Duplicate identified by F. J. Hermann. A plant of usually
more southern distribution in Arizona and Lower California,

northward through Oregon. Our collection is apparently the

most northeastern record to date and is the first report for
Idaho. The station where it was obtained is just a few miles
north of the Utah-Idaho line. It should be looked for in Utah.

DIANTHus ARMERIA L. Open grassy flat, Falls Point Lookout,
above the Selway River, Nez Perce National Forest, Idaho

—— a

= ©

APRIL, 1956] FLORA OF IDAHO 35

County, No. 12454; waste ground, along the banks of the South
Fork of the Clearwater River, 20 miles west of Golden, Idaho
County, No. 12351; muddy place, near head of the grade into
the South Fork of the Clearwater River, main highway north-
east of Grangeville, Idaho County, R. M. Joslyn No. 727. Ap-
parently well established in this area. The author has collected
it in fields and waste ground around Eugene, Oregon, where it
is fairly common. Introduced from Europe.

SILENE CONOIDEA L. Wheatfields, south of Tomer’s Butte, 4
miles southeast of Moscow, Latah County, No. 8939. Identifica-
tion verified by C. L. Hitchcock. There is also a specimen in
the herbarium collected on June 28, 1907, an introduced weed
in fields, Moscow, Latah County, which was misidentified as
S. vulgaris L. This would seem to indicate that it has been pres-
ent in the area for a long time. It is quite common in wheat-
fields in adjacent Whitman County, Washington, 3 miles east
of Pullman. Hitchcock and Maguire (2) list it as a Eurasian
weed. Introduced along the Pacific Coast and in Delaware.

Claytonia linearis Doug]. var. dichotoma (Nutt.) W. H. Baker,
comb. nov. Claytonia dichotoma Nutt. in Torr. & Gray Fl. N.
Am. 1:202 (1838). This plant is considered to be synonymous
with C. linearis Doug]. by Davis (1). The author has studied the
abundant material from this area both in the herbarium and
in the field, where it grows with the species, and considers it to
be at least worthy of varietal status. The following are represen-
tative collections: roadside ditch, northeast of Moscow, Latah
County, No. 5783; moist ditches along the road to Moscow
Mountain, about 4 miles northeast of Moscow, Latah County,
No. 5832; south slope of Tomer’s Butte, 4 miles southeast of
Moscow, Latah County, No. 7353; edge of grassy field, 6 miles
west of Athol, Kootenai County, No. 7363.

BRASSICA CAMPESTRIS L. Open field, west slope of ‘Tomer’s
Butte, 4 miles southeast of Moscow, Latah County, No. 8856.
An abundant weed in the early spring throughout much of
Idaho. In addition to the above, there are collections in the
herbarium from Bonner, Clearwater, Canyon, Valley, and Nez
Perce counties in Idaho.

LEPIDIUM LATIFOLIUM L. Common, edge of field 14 mile south-
east of Weiser, Washington County, No. 7857. A tall erect plant
with vigorous creeping roots, a troublesome weed in areas which

36 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

have been infested. This plant is a newly recorded weed in the
rich delta lands of Yolo County and elsewhere in California.
It has recently been reported from Montana and is well estab-
lished along the Atlantic Coast, in Connecticut and Massa-
chusetts. Introduced from Eurasia.

AsTRAGALUS KENTROPHYTA Gray. Infrequent on fine sandy
banks, 1 mile north of Bruneau, Owyhee County, No. 10200.
Identification verified by R. C. Barneby. There is another speci-
men in the University of Idaho Herbarium collected in the
same general locality: on a sandy hill, 3 miles northeast of
Grandview, Owyhee County, J. H. Christ No. 9578. Apparently
a polymorphic species of dry, hot, sandy soils in desert regions.
Southeastern Oregon, southwestern Idaho (Owyhee County),
Nevada to Colorado and northern New Mexico.

LATHYRUs LATIFOLIUs L. Garden escape, Rathdrum, Kootenai
County, J. H. Christ s.n.; Sandpoint substation, Bonner County,
J. H. Christ No. 595. Rapidly becoming naturalized in many
sections of northern Idaho.

FRANSERIA DISCOLOR Nutt. A native perennial weed infesting
about 40 acres of cultivated, irrigated fields, 1 mile north and
1 mile west of Jerome, Jerome County, Lambert C. Erickson
(University of Idaho Herbarium No. 26315). Normally distrib-
uted from Nebraska to Wyoming, southward to New Mexico
and Arizona, but may be expected in cultivated areas. It has a
rhizomatous habit which is characteristic of so many of our seri-
ous noxious weeds.

Hypocuorris RADICATA L. A common lawn weed in northern
Idaho. Specimens have been collected from the campus of the
University of Idaho, and there is a sheet in the herbarium from
Hope, Bonner County, collected August 12, 1914, in a lawn. In
any region in which it is found it becomes an abundant and
troublesome lawn weed. Introduced from Europe.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Davis, Ray J. Flora of Idaho. William C. Brown Company, Dubuque,
Towa. 1952.

2. Hitcucock, C. L., and Macurre, B. A Revision of the North American
Species of Silene. Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 13:1-73 (1947).

3. Sr. JoHN, H. Flora of Southeastern Washington and of Adjacent Idaho.
Student Book Corporation. Pullman, Wash. 1937.

ee

APRIL, 1956] ERIOGONUM GLANDULOSUM 37

ERIOGONUM NOTES V: E. GLANDULOSUM,
WITH A NEW VARIETY

BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

Eriogonum glandulosum (Nutt.) Nutt. is one of the older
species of the genus, having been named and described (as Oxy-
theca) more than one hundred years ago, but because it is one
of the rarer species, it has not been well known. In 1906 Rydberg
(Fl. Colo. p. 107) confused with E. glandulosum the very distinct
plant described in 1891 as E. flexum by M. E. Jones, a confusion
in which all authors dealing with these plants have participated
down to the present, excepting only Miss Stokes, who recognized
E. flexum as a distinct species (Gen. Eriog. p. 25). However,
Miss Stokes overemphasized the relationship of E. glandulosum
to E. trichopes Torr. by treating it as a subspecies of that species
and further confused her subspecific taxon by making E. trich-
opes var. rubricaule (Tidestrom) Stokes a part of it.*

The occasion to examine critically this interesting problem
came to me recently when I received from Dr. P. A. Munz a
Californian variant of E. glandulosum that appeared to be un-
described. The result of this study is given in the following key
and synopsis which will evaluate what I believe to be a distinct
and remarkable species. To Dr. Munz and curators of herbaria
who have loaned me material for this study I am very grateful.

KEY

Involucre 3-parted, the divisions extending almost to the base, the involucral
peduncle usually bent at a right angle above the middle...... E. flexum

Involucre 4- or 5-lobed, the lobes 4-14 the length of the involucre, the in-
volucral peduncle straight or flexuous.

Stems and peduncles rarely glandular-hairy; involucre 4-lobed; anthers

CAEP eats ele aici eae eater e = poe syn Saas Se winle aie = 9 ieee E. trichopes
Stems and peduncles capitate-glandular; involucre 5- (or sometimes 4-)
lobed-fanthers Loum pein. i-cpnieie tm) ohste relied =e E. glandulosum

Perianth yellow, becoming reddish-tinged in age; basal and lower cau-
line leaves hirsutulous but scarcely glandular ....var. glandulosum
Perianth pink or whitish with reddish midvein; leaves hirsutulous and
iSitly, SiaMOONAL fag se hae oe 2 Oe es ee ese 9 ee var. carneum

*In an earlier note I have already discussed the identity and specifitity of E. rubricaule
Tidestrom (Leafl. West. Bot. 6: 178, 179,-—1952).

38 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

SYNOPSIS OF ERIOGONUM GLANDULOSUM

ERIOGONUM GLANDULOsSUM (Nutt.) Nutt. ex Benth. in DC. Prodr. 14: 21
(1856). Oxytheca glandulosa Nutt., Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser.
2, 1: 170 (1848). E. trichopes Torr. subsp. glandulosum (Nutt.) Stokes, Gen.
Eriog. 25 (1936), exclud. var. rubricaule (Tidestr.) Stokes.

Annual; stems erect, 0.5-3 dm. tall, branching from base or above and
bearing tack-shaped glands, the glands more numerous on lower part of
internodes, sparser or lacking on upper part of internodes; foliage leaves
basal, broadly elliptic to round, 0.7-2.5 cm. long, 0.5-2 cm. wide, rounded-
obtuse (rarely subacute) at apex, rounded to broadly cuneate at base, pilose-
hirsutulous above and below, sometimes a little glandular, petiole 0.54
cm. long, pilose-hirsutulous; cauline leaves reduced to bracts, broadly del-
toid or narrowly ovate, more or less connate, hirsutulous and sometimes
glandular below, becoming glabrous above; peduncles slender, spreading or
ascending, 3-10 mm. long, bearing tack-shaped glands mostly below the
middle; involucres broadly or narrowly turbinate, 1.3-2 mm. long and
about as broad, about 5-flowered, glabrous without and within, 5- (or rarely
4-) lobed, the lobes obtuse to subacute, about 4 length of involucre, bract-
lets finely hirsutulous and perhaps a little glandular, pedicels glabrous;
perianth yellow or pinkish, about 1 mm. long in anthesis, densely pilose
outside with fine spreading hairs, glabrous inside, segments about equal,
broadly lanceolate to ovate, in fruit becoming somewhat longer, about 2
mm. long and lanceolate or lanceolate-attenuate; stamens 9, anthers round-
ish, 14-14 mm. in diameter; achene smooth and glabrous, about 1.5 mm.
long, dull, the sharply triangular beak light brown, the roundish body dark
brown.

ERIOGONUM GLANDULOSUM var. GLANDULOSUM.

Perianth yellow, becoming reddish-tinged in age; anthers yellow.

Type-collection: Rocky Mountains, Gambel (G, from “Coll. Nuttall. pre-
sented by Elias Durand, 1866”).

Nevapa. Lander County (?): Fish Creek, T. S. Brandegee in 1885 (G, UC).
Elko County: dry sandy soil, south end of Pilot Mt., Holmgren 1594 (UC).
Lincoln County: on volcanic ash of foothill mesa, 10 miles east of Groom
Dry Lake on road to Crystal Springs, 4000 ft., Train 2375 (DS, NY).

Uran. Juab or Tooele County: Deep Creek, Jones, June, 1891 (UC, US),
July 29, 1891 (CAS, G, PO). Millard County: alkaline gravel-clay bank,
Preuss Lake south of Garrison, 5250 ft., Ripley & Barneby 9271 (CAS).

Eriogonum glandulosum var. carneum J. T. Howell, var. nov., perianthiis
carneis vel albescentibus costis rubescentibus, antheris rubris, foliis bract-
eisque paulum glandulosis.

Collections. CALIFORNIA: dry sandy wash at west base of Last Chance Mts.,
east of Eureka Valley sand dunes, 3800 ft., Inyo County, August 23, 1955,
J.C. & A. R. Roos 6527 (CAS, type; RSA); west of summit in canyon above
Crystal Spring, Tecopa Pass, Kingston Range, 4100 feet, San Bernardino
County, June 21, 1941, Alexander & Kellogg 2383 (DS, UC).

This plant, scarcely more than a form distinguished by characters of color
and, less surely, of vestiture, is recognized varietally because of its occur-

APRIL, 1956] A NEW CORYDALIS 39

rence on the western periphery of the diffused distribution of the species
as a whole. While the California stations are some 150 miles from the nearest
Nevada station for the species in Lincoln County, it is interesting to note
that the two California stations for the variety are themselves about the
same distance apart, to the northwest and southeast of Death Valley
National Monument. The Kingston Mt. collection was studied by Miss
Stokes in 1941 and was distributed with her determination, “Eriogonum
trichopes subsp. glandulosum (Nutt.) Stokes aff.”

A NEW CORYDALIS FROM OREGON

BY MORTON E. PECK

Willamette University, Salem, Oregon

Early in September, 1947, the writer received from Mr. War-
ren C. Wilson of Maplewood, Oregon, a specimen of Corydalis
which he believed represented an undescribed species, or at least
one new to the northwest flora, with which he is fairly well ac-
quainted. I was in agreement with his conclusions. The speci-
mens obtained were too scant for an entirely satisfactory study
or diagnosis, and Mr. Wilson volunteered to try for more ma-
terial as opportunity might offer. Finally in August, 1955, he
sent me a generous parcel of fresh material from the same lo-
cality where that of the previous sending had been obtained.
This made possible a fairly full description. When this was near
completion, several fine specimens of the same thing, from a
different locality, collected by Mr. and Mrs. Earl Marshall and
Mrs. Lilla Leach of Portland, were brought me by Mrs. Leach.
This material was taken in the prime of flowering, and at once
served to establish this as the most beautiful species of the genus
west of the Rocky Mountains. The diagnosis under the joint
authorship of those most concerned with this is herewith pre-
sented:

Corydalis aquae-gelidae M. E. Peck & W. C. Wilson, spec. nov. Planta
aquatilis vel subaquatilis dense vel laxe fasciculata e rhizomatibus pro-
fundis stolones saepe bifurcatos dimittentibus; caulibus erectis 3-9 dm.
altis simplicibus vel 2—4-ramosis, ad basin parce frondosis summe succosis
nonnumquam cavis; foliis basilaribus caulinibusque inferioribus caulibus
subaequilongis, petiolis laminis subaequilongis, laminis pinnate plerumque
4-divisis, petiolulis praeter seriem primam brevissimis, segmentis ultimis
8-15 mm. longis, segmentis ultimis foliorum superiorum multo brevioribus

40 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 2

3-7 mm. longis; racemis terminalibus 5-10 cm. longis, floribus ad 30 vel 40,

racemis lateralibus nonnumquam multis multo brevioribus, pedicellis 8-12 _

mm. longis; corolla clare roseo-lavendulacea, petalis 8-10 mm. longis, cucullo

petali summi extente carinato margine pellucido, calcare lamina aequilongo; —

capsula anguste elliptica 7-10 mm. longa, seminibus 2 mm. longis.

Plant aquatic or subaquatic, in large dense or rather loose clusters from
deep-seated rootstocks producing often bifurcating stolons; stems erect, 3-9
dm. high, very succulent and more or less fistulose below but slender above,
simple or sometimes 2—4-branched from near the base; basal and lower
cauline leaves about equaling the stem, the petiole as long as or somewhat
shorter than the blade, the latter ovate in general outline, pinnately mostly
4-divided or -parted, the primary and secondary series of segments com-
monly 8-10, always alternately arranged on the rachis, all segments or all
but the primary series very short-stalked or sessile, the ultimate series very
numerous and many confluent, mostly narrowly elliptic to elliptic- or linear-
oblong, 8-15 mm. long, the ultimate segments of the upper cauline leaves
much reduéed, 3-7 mm. long; leaf-segments not usually spreading in a single
plane, but often diversely, the entire blade having a very compact habit;
raceme terminal on the stem or one on each of the few main branches, or
sometimes several on short lateral branches, in the latter case the inflorescence
occasionally partly paniculate, the main raceme 5-10 cm. long, the flowers
usually numerous, up to 40, the bracts lanceolate or linear-oblong, 5-10 mm.
long; corolla bright rose-lavender, the petals 10-12 mm. long, the upper
petal of the outer pair with prominently keeled hood, the spur about equal-
ing the blade in length and 2 mm. broad at base, the inner petals with claw
equaling the main blade; capsule 8-12 mm. long, narrowly elliptic, the style
about half as long; seeds 2 mm. long.

Type (in Herb. Willamette Univ., Acq. No. 28829) collected
by Warren C. Wilson at the juncture of Clackamas River with
Calliwash River, Clackamas County, Oregon, July 30, 1955. The
above-mentioned material secured by Mr. and Mrs. Marshall
and Mrs. Leach was collected on Squaw Mountain, near Look-
out Spring Guard Station, on Aug. 14, 1955, at a point about 13
miles east of the type locality. All the specimens were found
growing in water a few inches deep or on mud at the margins of
springs and streams, the temperature of the water being appar-
ently always low, not much above freezing point, as reported by
Mrs. Leach for the Squaw Mountain material. The specific name
selected for the new species seems therefore quite appropriate.

EUPHORBIA SERPENS IN CISMONTANE CALIFORNIA. On October
23, 1955, Henry M. Pollard collected Euphorbia serpens H.B.K.
near a lemon-packing plant at Goleta, Santa Barbara County.
The only other Californian record for this species that I know
of is that of S. B. Parish from the Salton Sink (Carnegie Inst.
Wash. Publ. 193: 110,—1914).—J. IT. Howe Lt.

girs

Vo.. VIII No. 3

LEAFLETS
of

WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS

PAGE

Charles Piper Smith, 1877-1955
Joun H. ‘THOMAs

The Lupines Collected by David Douglas from 1825 to 1827:

Their Type Localities and Nomenclature .
Davip B. DUNN

A New Species of Arenaria :
BaAssETT MAGUIRE AND R. C. BARNEBY

The Field Occurrence of Howelliella .
ERNEST C. TwIissELMANN

_A Numerical Summary of the Vascular Plants of California
LILLiAN Herriotr AND ANITA M. NOLDEKE

The Numerical Summary of California Plants and
Endemism
Joun THomas Howry

This number published with funds from
THE CALIFORNIA BOTANICAL CLUB

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
Aucust 28, 1956

4]

47

55

57

58

59

BOTA hy
GARI

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

A publication devoted particularly to the native and naturalized
plants of western North America and to the cultivated plants
of California, appearing about four times each year. Subscrip-
tion, $2.00 annually. Cost of back files or single numbers fur-
nished on request. Address: John Thomas Howell, California
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18.

Cited as

LEAFL. WEsT. Bot.

Owned and published by

Joun THomaAs HowELi

ith, about 1930

harles Piper Sm

C

AUGUST, 1956] CHARLES PIPER SMITH 4]

CHARLES PIPER SMITH, 1877-1955

BY JOHN H. THOMAS
Dudley Herbarium, Stanford University

Charles Piper Smith was born in St. Catharines, Ontario, Can-
ada, on April 25, 1877, to Thomas Rea Smith and Lucy Leaven-
worth Smith, the youngest of five children. His mother was Ca-
nadian, having been born in St. Catharines, but his father was
born in Schellsburg, Pennsylvania, and thus Charles Piper
‘ Smith could claim American citizenship from birth. His early
life was spent in Canada, in Portsmouth, Ohio, and in Bedford
and Anderson, Indiana. He graduated from high school in An-
derson in 1897 and three years later entered Purdue University
from which he graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Science
in 1903. Although primarily interested in natural history, he
was a member of the Irving Literary Society. During the year fol-
lowing his graduation he was employed by the Indiana State
Forestry Board. This resulted in one of his first publications,
“Report upon a botanical survey of the Indiana State Forest
Reservation.” From 1904-06 and 1907-08 he was in attendance at
Stanford University, studying primarily botany and entomology.
He received the degree of Master of Arts in 1908, presenting a
thesis on spiders entitled, “Studies in the family Avicularidea
and related families,” and prepared under the guidance of Pro-
fessor Vernon Kellogg. ~

The intervening year, 1906-07, was spent as forester, entomol-
ogist, and water-biologist with the Pacific Improvement Co. in
Monterey. Following his graduate work at Stanford he was suc-
cessively assistant professor of zoology and entomology and as-
sistant professor of botany at Utah Agricultural College in
Logan from 1908-11. He spent the year of 1911-12 at Ithaca, New
York, as a graduate student and teaching assistant in the De-
partment of Plant Pathology at Cornell University.

In August, 1910, Smith married Edyth Gertrude Menker of
San Jose, California, and returned with his bride to Logan. From
1912-20 the Smiths lived in Maryland where he was first an as-

Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VIII, pp. 41-60, August 28, 1956.

42 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

sociate professor of botany at Maryland Agricultural College
(1912-14), then seed inspector and analyst with the Maryland
Board of Agriculture (1912-19), and finally he was employed by
William G. Scarlett & Co., wholesale seedsmen in Baltimore
(1919-20). The year 1920 saw the Smiths back in California
where they were to make their homes for the rest of their lives.
From 1920-40 he taught biology and botany at the San Jose High
School. Perhaps his return to California was prompted by family
reasons, or perhaps he wished to be nearer to one of the centers
of distribution of the genus Lupinus in which he had become
interested.

By 1926 Smith had published fourteen papers on Lupinus and
had contributed the treatment of the genus for the then-new
Manual of the Flowering Plants of California by W. L. Jepson.
In the fall of that year he applied for admission to candidacy
for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Stanford. His petition
was accepted and he was awarded the degree in June of 1927
with a dissertation entitled “The lupines of the Pacific States of
North America” prepared under the direction of Professor Le-
Roy Abrams. A rather curious situation developed in connec-
tion with Dr. Smith’s dissertation. Stanford University had only
recently abandoned the custom of requiring one typewritten
and eventually one hundred printed copies of a doctoral disser-
tation. Since his treatment of the Pacific States lupines was to
be used in volume two of Abrams’ Illustrated Flora of the Pa-
cific States, Dr. Smith petitioned to be allowed to follow the old
dissertations requirements. No one at that time could foresee
that it would be 1944 before volume two of the Illustrated Flora
would appear. Meanwhile, Dr. Smith had revised his disserta-
tion. The copies of his printed dissertation in the Stanford Li-
brary, which were submitted in 1944, thus bear a date of 1927
on the title page but include taxa described in 1940 and new
combinations which did not become effective until the publica-
tion of the Illustrated Flora. Not only that, but even the title
was changed to “A taxonomic study of the Pacific States species
of Lupinus”! In spite of (or perhaps because of) the delay, Dr.
Smith’s treatment of Lupinus in the Illustrated Flora is the best
and most realistic that exists to date for the Pacific States.

In 1923 a daughter, Rachel Jane, the Smiths’ only child, was
born. While Dr. Smith was in Europe during the summer of

AUGUST, 1956] CHARLES PIPER SMITH 43

1930, a trip made possible by a National Research Council grant,
he received word at Geneva that his daughter had died suddenly.
Dr. Smith was crushed but he determined to continue his re-
search on lupines at various European herbaria. He returned to
San Jose in August to an empty house and a heartbroken and
ailing wife. In November Mrs. Smith died. Though immeasur-
ably saddened, Dr. Smith nevertheless continued his teaching
and his research.

By this time, Dr. Smith had become recognized as an authority
in the genus Lupinus and many collectors sent their lupines to
him for identification. During those years, too, most of his cor-
respondence came addressed to him as “Professor,” and he was
known by that title at San Jose High School.

Dr. Smith married again in August, 1931. His second wife, a
widow and the mother of several children, was Olive Norton
Brown. About 1935, Dr. Smith moved to Saratoga and built
large and elaborate facilities for raising chickens, a venture in
which he was never entirely successful financially. In addition
to their home in Saratoga he had another house toward the back
of the lot where he kept his collection, books, accumulated rec-
ords, and notes. It was here where he would in later years with-
draw for several days at a time while working on his plants.

Prior to his retirement, Dr. Smith started in 1938 what he
considered to be his main work, a series of papers on lupines
under the title of Species Lupinorum, published at his own ex-
pense and issued in fascicles of sixteen or thirty-two pages, each
fascicle being called a “Signature.’’ Species Lupinorum eventu-
ally ran to 44 signatures made up of 768 pages and was pub-
lished in the years from 1938-53. Not only did he write all of it,
but he also typed much of it on a variable-space typewriter. ‘The
sheets were then reproduced photographically and printed com-
mercially. In Species Lupinorum are described countless new
species and varieties of lupines, both from North and South
America, many of which will probably be relegated to synonymy.
By this time, Dr. Smith had come to treat species not from the
standpoint of their total range but from the standpoint of small
politico-geographical units, such as counties, provinces, districts,
or departments. His failure to consider the variation throughout
the total range of a species resulted in the multiplication of taxa.

Another one of Dr. Smith’s interests was the study and raising

44 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

of ornamental “geraniums,” species and hybrids of Pelargonium.
He started a publication, Geranium Records, which like Spe-
cies Lupinorum was issued in signatures and at his own expense.
Dr. Smith gained some brief and unwanted publicity in Novem-
ber of 1941 when the International News Service put on its wires
a story widely printed in papers throughout the country to the
effect that he raised geraniums as a hobby, delving “‘into the
lore of the plant, creating new varieties for his collection of more
than 600 kinds,” and was “now publishing a book on the gerani-
um, its history and culture.” A deluge of letters, many of them
bordering on the illiterate, poured in upon him. All were care-
fully and politely answered and in each Dr. Smith disclaimed
credit for being an expert. Geranium Records, despite the pub-
licity, died after the fourth signature due to lack of funds.

Dr. Smith’s health during his last few years was very poor and
for several months at a time he was unable to work. He contin-
ued to work at his lupines, however, when he was able, until
his death on January 6, 1955.

Throughout his life, Dr. Smith was deeply interested in the
natural history aspects of biology. His special interests, aside
from botany, were ornithology and entomology and he main-
tained a large collection of birds’ eggs and nests and was an avid
observer. He had a large collection of seeds, probably dating to
his years as a seed inspector and analyst. He kept voluminous
notes and catalogues of the organisms he observed, some of them
handwritten, elaborately illustrated, and ornamented. His her-
barium at the time of his death was made up almost entirely of
lupines, many of them types. After insects had attacked his col-
lection, he kept it in specially made boxes. His herbarium was
presented by Mrs. Smith to the Dudley Herbarium of Stanford
University and is now in the process of being mounted.

Dr. Smith travelled widely in the United States and collected
lupines extensively in many parts of the western states and west-
ern Canada. His last trip of any extent was made to southern
California in 1954. Dr. Smith was at one time or other a mem-
ber of the Torrey Botanical Club, the Ornithological Union,
the Indiana Academy of Sciences, and the Botanical Society of
America. In 1941 he was invited to submit a biography to be in-
cluded in Who’s Who on the Pacific Coast but apparently never
felt it necessary to do so. It is perhaps fitting that his name is

AUGUST, 1956] CHARLES PIPER SMITH 45

commemorated in the combination Lupinus Pipersmithii Hel-
ler, a plant whose type locality is near Stanford University.

My own connection with Dr. Smith was that of a graduate as-
sistant in the Dudley Herbarium who helped him find the speci-
mens he wanted to examine and who listened to an old gentle-
man talk about the plants he loved and had worked on for so
many years.

BOTANICAL WRITINGS OF CHARLES PIPER SMITH

1. Report upon a botanical survey of the Indiana State Forest Reservation.
Ann. Rep. State Board of Forestry Indiana 3: 73-161 and map (1904).

2. Notes upon some little-known members of the Indiana flora [all pub-
lished in Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci.]. 1903: 133-135 (1904); Paper number two.
1904: 301-303 (1905); Paper number three. 1905: 155-158 (1906).

3. A rare Centromadia. Muhlenbergia 4: 73 (1908).

4. Notes from northern Utah [all published in Muhlenbergia]. I. 6: 37-39
(1910); IL. 6: 61-63 (1910); III. 7: 61-65 (1911); IV. 7: 136-138 (1912).

5. Notes upon some annual lupines of the Micranthus group. Muhlen-
bergia 6: 133-141 (1911).

6. The fruit of Lupinus Tidestromii Greene. Muhlenbergia 7: 51-52 (1911).

7. Review of A. O. Garrett, “Spring Flora of the Wasatch Region.” Muhlen-
bergia 7: 58-59 (1911).

8. Studies in the genus Erythrocoma Greene — I. Muhlenbergia 8: 1-17
(1912).

9. Plurality of seeds in acorns of Quercus Prinus. Rhodora 16: 41-43 (1914).

10. Carex Tuckermani niagarensis; a neglected sedge. Rhodora 17: 57-59
(1915).

11. Studies in the genus Lupinus [all published in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club].

‘I. A new species of the subgenus Platycarpos. 44: 405-406 (1917); Il. The
Microcarpi, exclusive of Lupinus densiflorus. 45: 1-22 (1918); III. Lupinus
densiflorus. 45: 167-202 (1918); IV. The Pusilli. 46: 389-410 (1919); V. The
Sparsiflori. 47: 487-509 (1920); VI. The Stiversiani, Concinni and Sub-
carnosi. 48: 219-234 (1921); VII. L. succulentus and L. niveus. 49: 197-206
(1922); VIII. Lupinus nanus. 50: 159-172 (1923); IX. Lupinus bicolor.
50: 373-387 (1923); X. The Micranthi concluded. 51: 91-102 (1924); XI.
Some new names and combinations. 51: 303-310 (1924).

12. Pseudotaenidia in Maryland. Rhodora 26: 23-24 (1924).

13. Lupinus in Willis Linn Jepson, “A Manual of the Flowering Plants of
California.” Pages 516-533. Associated Students Store, Berkeley, Califor-
nia. 1925.

14. Reviews of some perennial lupines. I. Calcarati-laxiflori. Amer. Journ.
Bot. 13: 521-530 (1926).

15. A distributional catalogue of the lupines of Oregon. Contr. Dudley Herb.
1; 7-55 (1927).

46 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

16. Lupinus in Harold St. John, “Flora of Southeastern Washington and of
Adjacent Idaho” (with Harold St. John). Pages 225-230. Students Book
Corporation, Pullman, Washington. 1937.

17. Species Lupinorum. Signatures 1-44. Pages 1-768. Saratoga, California.
1938-1953.

18. Geranium Records. Signatures 1-4. Pages 1-64. Saratoga, California. 1941-
1942.

19. Lupinus in LeRoy Abrams, “Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States,” Vol.
Il. Pages 483-519. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. 1944.

ZOOLOGICAL WRITINGS OF CHARLES PIPER SMITH
1. Bird notes from the Indiana State Forestry Reservation. Proc. Ind. Acad.
Sci. 1903: 129-132 (1904).

2.A preliminary study of the Araneae Theraphosae of California. Ann.
Ent. Soc. Amer. 1: 207-236, pl. 8-20 (1908).

CHENOPODIUM NEVADENSE IN CALIFORNIA. A recent collection
of Chenopodium nevadense Standley that was made at Ante-
lope Springs, Deep Springs Valley, Inyo County, California, by
Peter H. Raven, No. 7049, has been annotated by Herbert A.
Wahl as the “first collection I have seen outside of Nevada.” In
his study of the genus Chenopodium in North America (Bar-
tonia, No. 27, pp. 146, —1954), Dr. Wahl cites the range of C.
nevadense as “limited to central and western Nevada” (p. 27).—
J. T. HOwELL.

LYALL’s LEAFY ASTER IN CALIFORNIA. Two California collec-
tions of Aster foliaceus Lindl. var. Lyallii (Gray) Cronquist in
the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences have been
noted by Dr. Arthur Cronquist as constituting a new state record
for the variety: damp sunny meadow, north side of White Mt.,
5800 ft., Siskiyou Mts., Siskiyou Co., L. C. Wheeler 3130, Aug.
14, 1934; Sky High Valley, about 6000 ft., Marble Mts., Siskiyou -
Co., J. T. Howell 15134, Aug. 7, 1939. In his revision of the
A. foliaceus group (Amer. Midl. Nat. 29: 429-468, —1943), Cron-
quist gave the distribution of this variety as “mountains of
northern Idaho and adjacent parts of Oregon, Washington,
Montana, and Canada,” and he did not extend it in his recent
treatment (Vascular Pl. Pac. NW. 5: 83, —1955).—J. T. HowE Lt.

AUGUST, 1956] |= LUPINES COLLECTED BY DOUGLAS 47

THE LUPINES COLLECTED BY DAVID
DOUGLAS FROM 1825 TO 1827: THEIR
TYPE LOCALITIES AND NOMENCLATURE

BY DAVID B. DUNN!

The entire set of Douglas’ type specimens of the genus Lu-
pinus was borrowed from the Lindley Herbarium at Cambridge
School of Botany (CGE) by Dr. P. A. Munz and myself in order
to clarify the names of earliest described species from western
North America, since Dr. Munz was working on the flora of
California and I was working on the lupines of Nevada as well
as doing monographic work in the genus. Since the type con-
cept was not in use at the time when Douglas and Lindley made
the descriptions or when Douglas’ specimens were mounted,
none had originally been labeled as types. The labels indicating
types had been put on the specimens perhaps as much as 100
years after the plant had been described. Lupinus micranthus
had definitely been mislabeled and there was considerable doubt
about some of the others.

In order to attempt to clear up what was and what was not
type material, a thorough study was first made of the type de-
scriptions and the specimens. This proved inadequate for sev-
eral taxa and as a last resort Douglas’ Journal? was used to ob-
tain as much information as possible. It was found that, while
there was a list of species of lupines in the appendix, only two
were referred to definite collections, and I have reason to be-
lieve one of these is incorrect. Hence, we found that it was not
even possible to refer to the location of the collection of a par-
ticular species. Thus, the following attempt to match the Doug-
las type specimens with his collection numbers was undertaken
in order to clarify both the type localities and several type speci-
mens, that of L. ornatus in particular. The localities arrived at
are probably within 75 or 100 miles of the actual type localities.

It is important to note that, contrary to a common notion,
Douglas’ numbers in his Journal refer to actual herbarium
specimens and that the ‘‘S’” on the 1825 collection records in-
dicates that seeds also were collected. Refer to p. 103, paragraph
preceding the numbered collection: “a dry specimen of each is
"1, Visiting Botanist, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, California.

2. Journal Kept by David Douglas During his Travels in North America 1823-1827.
London. 1914.

48 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

also kept.” He apparently did not record in his Journal collec-
tions of seeds only. Refer to p. 203: “added a good many seeds, —
collected the following plants” (the latter are enumerated); and
p- 202: “sent seeds and plants”; as well as numerous other points
of reference. It should be noted that there was a reference or a
collection number for all of the types of species described from
the Columbia River Basin from the Douglas collection except
for L. micranthus and L. ornatus. There are two additional
specimens, L. sericeus and L. pusillus, which Douglas identified,
and possibly a third, the specimen Douglas referred to as L.
argenteus (L. ornatus?).

The illustrations in Lindley’s Botanical Register were all
made from plants grown in England and involved, necessarily,
a growing season there.

I made dissections of the flowers of each of the Douglas speci-
mens and mounted them on plastic-coated slides, and these were
then matched with dissections of present-day material.

COLLECTIONS MADE IN 1825

Douglas No. 49 (2 seed samples), April, 1825; Journal pp. 109, 118. Both
are apparently L. leucophyllus (Bot. Reg. t. 1124; illustration made Oct.,
1826). Of his second collection, the white-flowered specimen, Douglas said
he “doubted not it would prove to be L. villosus Pursh,” but that does not
occur on the west coast. The red-purple color noted for the first would be
the color of light blue flowers after fertilization. This is one of the first
species described from his Northwest collections. The type sheet has “Mihi”
on it, which must be in Douglas’ handwriting. The type locality is cited in
the type description as “dry plains, vicinity of Fort Vancouver,” and the
Douglas journal confirms this. On pages 57 and 58 Douglas refers to L.
leuwcophyllus near the Great Falls of the Columbia (Celilo). This part of the
manuscript was written after Douglas returned to England. The present
distribution suggests the latter as the type locality.

Douglas No. 116 (S), April, 1825; Journal p. 113. This collection has to be
L. polyphyllus (Bot. Reg. t. 1096; drawn in July, 1826) or L. grandifolius
(supposed to have been collected in California). Again this is one of the
first species described from the region and the notes, “leaflets 14 to 17, lance-
olate, herbaceous, and racemes 18 inches long” all apply. Type locality,
lowland and along the stream banks, vicinity Fort Vancouver.

Douglas No. 117 (S), April 29, 1825; Journal p. 113. This collection was
not given a name by Douglas; he said in his notes it was near L. sericeus
of Pursh, a copy of whose Flora Septentrionalis he must have had with him.
He writes: “leaflets 7 to 9, lanceolate, tomentose, — on plains and river
banks.” Either this specimen or No. 90 of 1826, p. 178, is the specimen that
Agardh picked and named L. leucopsis. Both are in the collection and I
would pick the latter for L. leucopsis. Explanation below under No. 90.

AUGUST, 1956] |= LUPINES COLLECTED BY DOUGLAS 49

Douglas No. 234, May 23, 1825; Journal p. 122. This collection is prob-
ably L. affinis. Douglas merely notes that it was var. albus of what he sup-
poses is L. nootkatensis. The type of L. affinis (distinguished by Agardh’s
handwriting) with obovate leaflets does resemble L. nootkatensis and Agardh
went to great length to separate the two in his description (L. carnosulus
Greene).

Douglas No. 235 (S), May 23, 1825; Journal p. 122. This collection would
be L. lepidus (Bot. Reg. t. 1149; drawn Sept., 1827). Douglas noted, “flowers
blue and white, leaflets 5 to 7, lanceolate, silky beneath, a small species,
spikes 8-14 inches long, only one cauline leaf, on gravelly soil.” The char-
acters fit L. lepidus, although it may have 1 to 3 cauline leaves. The species
was also one of the earliest described in this group. Type locality, near the
Grand Rapids.

Douglas No. 262 (S), May 25, 1825; Journal p. 124. This collection would
be L. bicolor (Bot. Reg. t. 1109; drawn in Aug., 1826). In addition to the note
of annual and the reference in the footnote that No. 262 was referred to in a
manuscript as L. bicolor, Douglas wrote in the notes “leaflets 5 to 7, villous
on both sides,” a character which does not apply to L. micranthus. Type
locality, near the Grand Rapids.

Douglas No. 263 (S), May 25, 1825; Journal p. 124. I would suggest that
this is probably L. rivularis (Bot. Reg. t. 1595), in spite of the footnote
saying No. 263 is L. albicaulis in manuscript, because L. rivularis is the only
one of the group that might be interpreted in the field as “whole plant
glabrous, branching, leaflets 7 to 9, lanceolate, obtuse.” This certainly does
not apply to the specimen described as L. albicaulis (see below). However,
either could have been collected by Douglas on his return to the Fort Van-
couver area in 1830 prior to arriving in California on Dec. 22, 1830, but I
doubt that he did. Type locality (?): note says banks of rivers and dry soil,
Grand Rapids. Lupinus rivularis is discussed below.

Douglas No. 277 (S), May 31, 1825; Journal p. 125. This appears to be the
specimen described as L. laxiflorus (Bot. Reg. t. 1140; drawn in Aug. or
Sept., 1827). “Leaflets 4 to 7, pubescent, stems purple, flowers purple rose,
plant 1-2 ft. tall, gravelly soil near the Grand Rapids.” Unfortunately this is
apparently also the specimen which Douglas labeled L. tenellus, a name
which would have remained unpublished had it not been validated by G.
Don (Gen. Syst. Dichl. Pl. 2: 367, —1832) and again by Agardh ee Gen.
Lup. 26, —1835).

Douglas No. 296 (S), June 20, 1825; Journal p. 130. This would be L.
arbustus (Bot. Reg. t. 1230; drawn in Aug., 1828). The name, Lupinus ar-
bustus, is written in Douglas’ or Lindley’s handwriting on the type sheet.
It is more robust, as Douglas said, than his No. 297, with “all parts alike,
hairy” (sericeous). The flower color (faint rose color with a tint of yellow)
matches the plate. Near the falls of the Columbia.

Douglas No. 297 (S), June 20, 1825; Journal p. 130. Douglas says “‘perennial,
a small plant seldom more than 10 inches to | ft. tall, flowers bright purple,
in the same location as 296.” Any light blue or lavender-blue flower would
be bright purple after fertilization. I believe this is the specimen which was
later labeled as L. laxiflorus, one branch of which is mounted on the same

50 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

original sheet with L. arbustus. The specimen has been designated by some-
one as L. laxiflorus but the writing does not appear to be the same hand-
writing as that of Douglas’ “Mihi” or that which I have referred to as either
Douglas’ or Lindley’s. It looks more like Agardh’s. Agardh drew his descrip-
tion of L. laxiflorus from this specimen (“leaflets shorter than the petioles”)
and it does not agree with the type description of L. laxiflorus done by
Lindley. (See Leafl. West. Bot. 7: 254, —1955, under L. arbustus ssp. neo-
laxiflorus.)

Douglas No. 426 (S), July 19, 1825; Journal pp. 139, 149. Lupinus littoralis
(Bot. Reg. t. 1198; drawn in Aug., 1828) is unquestionably the species con-
cerned. “Creeping stems, 5 to 7 linear leaflets, silky on both sides, 8 to 12
seeds, generally 10, and along the seashore,” could not fit any other species
in the region. Type locality, shores near Cape Disappointment.

COLLECTIONS MADE IN 1826

Douglas No. 49, May 5, 1826; Journal p. 169. This must be L. minimus
Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 163 (1834). No illustration. The type sheet
has L. minimus in Douglas’ or Lindley’s handwriting, and the specimen
matches the notes on No. 49: “5 to 9 leaflets, equally silky on both sides, 1 to
3 cauline leaves, a small plant 10-16 inches, in open woods and on river
banks.” The type area would be near the junction of the Kettle and Colum-
bia rivers in the northeastern corner of Washington. (See Douglas’ table of
mileage, p. 255.) He was not able to obtain seed at the time, only a specimen.
One of the pieces has a fragment of Equisetum in it, suggesting a field col-
lection.

Douglas No. 90, May 29, 30, 1826; Journal p. 178. Douglas’ note says
“perennial, 7 to 13 leaflets, silky on both sides, flowers beautiful blue”;
hence, the assumption by most that this is L. ornatus. However, Douglas
goes on to say that it “does not appear to differ much from the one found
last year so abundant around Fort Vancouver,” which does not fit L. ornatus.
I believe this is Agardh’s L. lewcopsis (a variant of L. sericeus with a less
pubescent banner). This specimen (labeled L. leucopsis in Agardh’s hand-
writing) and Douglas No. 117 (see above) are the only two that are actually
close enough for Douglas’ comment to have applied. Furthermore, this speci-
men has short, stout petioles conforming with L. sericeus material I have
collected north of Spokane and on into northern Montana, while the 1825
specimen I believe to be No. 117 has longer slender petioles, a condition
more general in the Fort Vancouver area. However, they are both L. sericeus
and similar specimens could be found in either area. The specimen of No.
117 was on the sheet designated L. ornatus by someone, the reason L. ornatus
has often been considered a synonym of L. sericeus. Asa Gray correctly
labeled it as L. sericeus and the other half as L. ornatus. The specimen
designated by Asa Gray as being probably the original L. ornatus (probably
No. 151) has flowers 17 to 19 mm. long. It is entirely different from L. sericeus
and appears to fit the type description, with exceptions. See below under
No. 151.

Douglas No. 121, June 10, 1826; Journal p. 186. “A hairy annual, 2-seeded
legume, 4-8 inches high, on the open barren plains.” The only Douglas

AUGUST, 1956] |= LUPINES COLLECTED BY DOUGLAS 5]

specimen in the collection fitting this is L. pusillus ssp. intermontanus. He
said “this is no doubt L. pusillus.” Area around Fort Wallawallah.

Douglas No. 126, June 10, 1826; Journal p. 186. This collection was a
species in Cruciferae, but in the discussion he notes “a lupine that he doubts
not is L. villosus.” This, then, is either his L. plumosus or else the two earlier
(1825) collections of No. 49 were split into two taxa. Lupinus plumosus was
illustrated Aug., 1828. The fact that no number was allocated to the lupine
here indicates he did not make a specimen but merely collected seed. How-
ever, Miss Alice Eastwood had a photograph of a short branch of L. plu-
mosus in the Lindley collection.

Douglas No. 151, June, 1826; Journal p. 192. This specimen was collected
on Douglas’ 8-day trip into the Blue Mountains in which he crossed the
southern branch of the Wallawallah River. He labeled it as “L. argenteus,
of Pursh, . . . on the subalpine or undulating grounds, in dry gravelly
soils. Seldom exceeding 14-18 inches, abundant with the annual species so
common on the alluvial plains of the Columbia.” The annual would be
either L. bicolor or L. pusillus but I believe he would have said pusillus
since he had just mentioned it under No. 121. The perennial, however, is
another problem since none of his specimens was L. argenteus (L. tenellus
labeled by him, is a variety of L. argenteus, but he was not aware of that).
It would have been a little early for ripe seed from an alpine habitat; how-
ever, he got seed of No. 152 at some time, and there is a half mature pod.
I believe this will prove to be the specimen which Asa Gray labeled as
the type of L. ornatus, probably a blue-flowered L. Sabinianus.

Douglas No. 152, June, 1826; Journal pp. 192, 268. Douglas notes: “‘leaflets
5 to 10, lanceolate, densely covered with white silky hairs, stem nearly
smooth, flowers very large bright golden yellow; . . . found on mountainous
grounds.” These characters leave no doubt that L. Sabinianus (Bot. Reg. t.
1435; flowered first time in May, 1831) and No. 152 are the same. The type
specimen is labeled in Douglas’ handwriting and Lindley validated an her-
barium name. Type locality, the Blue Mountains? Probably Wallowa Mts.

Douglas No. 180 (bis), June 28, 29, 1826; Journal p. 196. The notes, “‘5 to
9 lanceolate leaflets, pubescent, 1 foot to 18 inches tall, flowers small, white,”
leave only L. sulphureus (Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 166, —1834) as
a possibility. He said, “always alone, taken at the foot of the mountains in
dry soil.” This was on his second trip to the Blue Mts. along the North Fork
of the Wallawallah. The color should be yellow, but by the end of June
the flowers might well be somewhat bleached and the true color show
later on growing it in England. The label of L. sulphureus says junction
of Lewis and Clark (Snake) and the Columbia. The name L. sulphureus is in
Douglas’ handwriting.

Douglas No. 218, July 31 to Aug. 6, 1826; Journal p. 205. The specimen
was collected on the trip overland by horse from the junction of Snake and
Clearwater rivers to Spokane and Kettle Falls. His notes, “perennial hirsute,
flowers blue, in small patches on the plains, rare,” could only apply to the
specimen labeled as the type of L. aridus which is today present in the same
area. The type specimen has an annotation which is typewritten saying
Douglas No. 97, 1827. That number is unfortunately not in Douglas’ Jour-
nal. Illustration drawn in the fall of 1828.

52 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

Journal, p. 228, Oct. 23, 1826. Douglas records his observation on a shrubby
species of lupine with “5 to 7 or 9 leaflets, lanceolate, silky on both sides,
2-4 feet tall,” but apparently he did not make a specimen since he “could
find none in a perfect state.’”” However, he undoubtedly collected seed since
his account of the trip frequently refers to his seed collection. This would
also account for the absence of a Douglas specimen in the Lindley collec-
tion. This is the only reference to a lupine that could fit L. albicaulis which
was described from material from the Northwest. Besides Douglas explored
the Umpqua River Valley in October, 1826, on his 593-mile trip to the south
of Fort Vancouver and that region is in the present-day known range of L.
albicaulis. It is therefore suggested that the Umpqua River Valley is the
type locality. The type specimen at Kew (photographed by A. Eastwood) is
apparently from a garden plant.

REMARKS ON THREE SPECIES

1. LupINUs MICcRANTHUS Dougl. in Lindl., Bot. Reg. t. 1251
(July, 1829).

Douglas found this species on the southern tributaries of the
Columbia, undoubtedly on one of his two trips up the Multno-
mah (Willamette) River, since the hairy form illustrated is today
found in that river valley near Corvallis, Oregon. It should be
noted that Lindley’s reference to the interior of California was
erroneous since the Umpqua River Valley is as far south as
Douglas traveled from 1825 to 1827. Douglas then returned to
England and did not reach California until Dec. 22, 1830. Lu-
pinus micranthus was described prior to that date, probably
from seed sent to England, since no specimen was listed in his
Journal. In his discussion of his trip to the Umpqua, however,
Douglas said he had papers along and refers to making speci-
mens but none from that trip is enumerated in the Journal. A
specimen is in the Lindley collection labeled “California Doug-
las” prior to dividing the sheet. ‘The illustration in the Botanical
Register was drawn in the Horticultural Society Gardens, May
to July, 1828.

2. LUPINUS ORNATUS Dougl. in Lindl., Bot. Reg. t. 1216 (Feb.
1, 1829). L. Hellerae Heller, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 25: 265
(1898); type collected 4 miles east of Lewiston, opposite Central
Ferry, along the Clearwater River, Nez Perce Co., Idaho, A. A.
Heller 3080 (type collection, DS).

The illustration of L. ornatus was made from a garden speci-
men raised in 1827. The inflorescence could fit either the speci-
men that Asa Gray designated as probably L. ornatus or L.

AUGUST, 1956] |= LUPINES COLLECTED BY DOUGLAS 53

Hellerae, but the other characters fit the latter much better.
Douglas spent a week at the junction of the Snake and Clear-
water rivers (he referred to it as the junction 150 miles up the
Lewis and Clark River, eastward from Fort Wallawallah) which
is the type locality of L. Hellerae. On page 202, Douglas said he
sent seeds and plants back to Fort Vancouver with Mr. Mc-
Donald, while he and Mr. Work went overland to Kettle Falls
via Spokane. He did not write up the seed collections in the
Journal and he only tried to collect specimens that were in their
prime. At the time that he was at the Clearwater-Snake River
junction the lupines would have been past their prime and in
fruit. I believe that the description of L. ornatus was made from
the gardens plants grown from seed that Douglas sent from the
vicinity of the Clearwater-Snake River junction area rather than
from the specimen labeled as L. ornatus by Asa Gray (see discus-
sion of No. 151 of 1826 above). That plant has petioles about
the same length as the leaflets while the illustration of L. ornatus
shows the petioles cut off, indicating that they were too long
to be included in the illustration. ‘The entire petiole was always
included in the illustrations wherever possible (compare L.
Sabinianus, Bot. Reg. t. 1435, with L. ornatus, Bot. Reg. t. 1216).

There are several additional characters which tend to con-
firm that L. Hellerae is L. ornatus. Leaflets in the latter num-
bered 7 to 12, were linear-lanceolate, and densely silky on both
sides. ‘These characters apply to L. Hellerae and the petioles of
L. Hellerae are 8-10 cm. long. Lupinus ornatus has small white
seeds, according to Douglas, a fact which also suggests narrow
pods. Two specimens of L. Hellerae show the small white seeds:
1) St. John, et al. 3246 (DS 372202), collected on a sandbar, 5
miles east of Lewiston, Idaho, along the Clearwater River, and
2) St. John, Warren, & Cary, May 30, 1924, collected on a gravel
bar north of Lewiston along the Clearwater River (DS 372203).
In these specimens the seeds are 2.8-2.9 mm. wide and 3.5-3.8
mm. long and the pods are 5.5-6.3 mm. wide. All of these meas-
urements are smaller than those for any of the other taxa of the
area that might be interpreted as L. ornatus. These specimens
were collected not far from the place where Douglas camped.

A specimen in C. P. Smith’s herbarium was given to him by
Dr. Richter of the Biologische Reichsanstalt of Berlin-Dahlem,
Germany, in 1936, as material of L. ornatus cultivated in Eu-

54 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

rope. This specimen has 6 or 7 leaflets which are nearly glabrous
on the upper surface while the pods are 8.9 mm. wide and the
seeds are 5.3 mm. long and 4 mm. wide. None of these charac-
ters fits the type description, so we conclude that 100 years of
garden culture had resulted in hybridization at least, if the speci-
men had L. ornatus in its lineage at all.

3. LUPINUS RIVULARIS Dougl. in Lindl., Bot. Reg. t. 1595. L.
lignipes Heller, Muhl. 8: 66 (1912).

Alice Eastwood, C. P. Smith, and W. L. Jepson were in Europe
and studied the type of L. rivularis and each came back and ap-
plied the name to a different taxon along the west coast. I con-
cur with Jepson’s note on the herbarium sheet he chose as the
type. He selected the garden specimen with the Herb. Soc. Hort.
Lond. label (America boreali-occidentalis, Douglas, 1830) and
suggested that the second sheet was probably the wild specimen.
He also pointed out that Lindley was in error in saying “from
California” in the type description since the term “boreali-occi-
dentalis” was employed for collections from the Northwest, the
Columbia River Basin. Jepson also noted that the flowers,
foliage, and inflorescence were strikingly like the illustration.
However, he then returned and misapplied the name to L. latt-
folius. I agree with C. P. Smith’s use of the name as applied
in his treatment in Abrams’ Flora of the Pacific States.

The characters which mark the specimen as L. rivularis are:
(1) the leaflets as long as the petioles, (2) the oblong-oblanceo-
late shape, (3) the ciliation along the entire length of the upper
edge of the keel (longer at the acumen, the reverse of the artist’s
conception), (4) Lindley’s statement about a loose but not strag-
gly mode of growth, and (5) the statement about sparse pubes-
cence below on the leaflets implying glabrousness above. ‘To the
naked eye, the plant appears glabrous.

To fix the locality somewhat better, refer above to No. 263 of
1825, Douglas Journal p. 124. The notes can only fit L. rivularis.
Moreover, L. lignipes Heller (type locality, Eugene, Oregon, on
the Willamette) is a synonym, essentially identical in every re-
spect except in nature the stems appear decumbent, branching
(as also in Douglas’ wild specimen). In 1825 Douglas made a
trip of 133 miles up the Multnomah River (now the Willamette)
and approached the type area of L. lignipes.

AUGUST, 1956] A NEW ARENARIA 55

A NEW SPECIES OF ARENARIA

BY BASSETT MAGUIRE
New York Botanical Garden
AND
R. C. BARNEBY
Wappingers Falls, New York

Arenaria Rosei, herein described, is a member of the A. stricta
Mx.—A. Nuttalli: Pax complex in western North America. Close
relationship among the geographically restricted A. Rosei and
its two more polymorphic and geographically extended con-
geners is at once obvious because of concord of “‘critical’’ char-
acters and over-all morphological organization, 7. e. the facies of

_the entire ensemble. Common to the three are similar habit,
conspicuous “‘fasciculation’”’ of the secondary leaves, fragile in-
florescence, and stout caudex and taproot (except in one sub-
species of A. stricta).

Arenaria Nuttallii and A. Rosei are most readily distinguished
from A. stricta (sens. lat.) by their massive oblong seeds, which
in the latter are reniform (hence broader than long) and much
smaller. Fasciculation of the secondary leaves is less prominent
than in A. stricta.

Arenaria Nuttallit and A. Rosei are thus obviously between
themselves more closely interrelated. The subspecies of the first
are held together by continuity of form in which morphologi-
cally minor differentiation is accompanied by geographic seg-
regation. In A. Rosei morphologic differentiation has progressed
along three distinct lines: 1. Herbage is glabrous and glaucous;
only in the upper part of the inflorescence is to be found the
diminished presence of the characteristic stipitate glandulosity
so prevalent in the various subspecies of A. Nuttallit. 2. The con-
spicuous diffuse inflorescence of A. Rose is much longer than
the leafy portion of the stem; whereas in the subspecies of A.
Nuttallii the leafy portion of the stem is ordinarily considerably
longer than the inflorescence. 3. Reduction in the number of
ovules to six is concurrent with a compensating enlargement of
the single maturing seed; in A. Nuttalli the ovules vary from
nine to fifteen; two or three, or sometimes a single seed, develop
and are at maturity some twenty to thirty per cent ‘ana than
those of A. Roset.

56 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

Two obvious courses are open for the taxonomic disposition
of A. Rosei. One may more loosely, but with some justification,
consider the element to form a subspecific taxon of A. Nuttallit.
To do so one would be forced to recognize for it a more progres-
sive differentiation than obtains among the others, so that the
entity would thus stand alone above the other subspecies of A.
Nuttallii.1 The second course, and the one accepted by the writ-
ers, is to consider A. Rosei, which appears morphologically al-
ways to be clearly distinct, to have evolved and differentiated
sufficiently from its closer relatives to have achieved specific
status.

The new species may be separated from 4. Nuttallii in the
following manner:

Primary leaves 5-10 mm. long, 3-nerved, non-glaucous, stipitate-glandular
(rarely glabrous); inflorescence half or less than half the length of the
glandular stem; sepals 3.5-6.5 mm. long, lanceolate, acuminate or pun-
gently attenuate, 1-3-nerved, usually moderately or strongly glandular;
ovules 9-15; seeds several or solitary, oblong, 1-1.3 mm. broad, 1.25-2
DUNE ROME Se ces cee cegatas poe ys eae aes ema eee A. Nuttallii Pax2

Primary leaves 4-12 mm. long, l-nerved, glaucous, glabrous; inflorescence
diffuse, exceeding the length of the glabrous stem; sepals 3.04.5 mm.
long, narrowly ovate or broadly lanceolate, merely acute, sparingly
glandular, 1l-nerved; ovules 6 (7); seed solitary, oblong, 1.4-1.5 mm.
broad, 23-25 main, LONE). 66/00) hisis vpinin sb pe A. Rosei Maguire & Barneby

Arenaria (sect. ALSINE Benth. & Hook.) Rosei Maguire & Barneby, spec.
nov., A. Nuttallii Pax affinis sed differt inflorescentiis longioribus magis
diffusis, floribus minoribus et seminibus multo longioribus.

Herbae perennes graciles e radice verticali inferne glabrae inflorescentia
parce stipitato-glandulosae; caules annotini e caudicis suffruticulosi in glareis
sepulti ramulis oblique adscendentibus emissi 12-24 cm. longi, basi pauci-
ramosi deinde simplices, per dimidiam tertiamve partem foliosi, in cymam
laxe paniculatam effusam abeuntes; folia subulato-linearia acuta vix rigida
crassiuscula glauca, majora 4-12 mm. longa, fasciculos foliorum breviorum
fere semper suffulcrantia, superiora in bracteas parvas gradatim diminuta;
pedicelli filiformes adscendentes fructiferi plerumque divaricati, longiores
saltem 16 mm. longissimi ad 29 mm. usque longi; calycis 3-4.5 mm. longi
sepala anguste ovata vel late lanceolata scarioso-marginata acuta 1-nervia;
petala alba oblanceolata vel anguste oblongo-elliptica obtusa vel subemargi-

1 For a discussion of the subspecific organization of A. Nuttallii, see: Maguire, Bassett.
Studies in the Caryophyllaceae — II. Arenaria Nuttallii and Arenaria filiorum, section
Alsine. Madrofio 8: 258-262 (1946).

2In the Key to the [North American] Species of Arenaria (Maguire, Bassett. —
in America north of Mexico, a conspectus. Am. Mid. Nat. 46: 494-498, —1951), A. Roset
would be placed last, following: “Al. A. nuttalliv’ (p. 498). In the “Key, » substitution
ror be made for line 2, page 498, so as to read: “10 mm. long, 3-nerved; seed oblong,
1.3 mm. broad, 1.25— 2.0 mm. . long, DLGWH s/o s

AUGUST, 1956] HOWELLIELLA 57

nato-truncata 4.5-6.3 mm. longa, sepalis duplo vel sesquilongiora; glandulae
adversus sepalis modice evolutae; staminum filamenta 1.44 mm. longa; styli
3, 0.9-1.6 mm. longi; ovula 6, rarius 7, unum solum in semen maturescens;
capsula ovoideo-ellipsoidea 3.5-4.3 mm. longa, calyce parum longior vel
brevior; semen oblongo-ellipsoideum 2.3-2.8 mm. longum, 1.4-1.5 mm.
latum, de latere paulo supra basin placentae affixum, testa fuliginosa-grisea
tenuiter papilloso-tessellata.

Type. Serpentine slopes, at 2500 feet altitude, Peanut, Trinity County,
California, June 13, 1955, J. T. Howell 30370 (holotype, NY; isotypes: CAS,
DS, GH, K, RSA, UC, US, WTU).

Paratypes. Hills south and southwest of Peanut, Trinity County, Califor-
nia: May 18, 1954, R. C. Barneby 11557 (CAS, NY); July 17, 1955, L. S. Rose
55126 (CAS, F, NY) and J. T. Howell 30702 (CAS, DS, MICH, MIN, NY, P,
RSA, UC, UTC).

Distribution. Known only from loose serpentine gravels, with scattered
yellow pine, Asclepias Solanoana, Senecio Greenei, Allium falcifolium, and
Astragalus Whitneyi var. siskiyouensis, elevation 2500-2600 feet, hills south

_and southwest of Peanut, Coast Ranges, Trinity County, California.

THE FIELD OCCURRENCE OF HOWELLIELLA

BY ERNEST C. TWISSELMANN
Cholame, California

One of California’s truly rare plants, the Howell snapless
snapdragon (Howelliella ovata Rothmaler), was first collected
by Alice Eastwood near Painted Rock in 1902. It was not again
collected until 1948 when it was found by Eben McMillan at
the head of Bitterwater Creek in the Pinole Hills. Largely be-
cause of his efforts, it has been collected and observed since at
several sites. Its range, which rather closely follows the San
Andreas Fault, has now been established from the southern Car-
risa Plains and Caliente Peak in southeastern San Luis Obispo
County to Cedar Canyon in Kern County and to Priest Valley
in southern Monterey County. It grows at widely scattered sta-
tions and the colonies rarely have more than a few plants.

The abundance and even the occurrence of the plant varies
greatly from year to year, its growth seemingly dependent on
highly specialized meteorologic conditions. In 1952, a year with
heavy rains and a moist warm spring, the plant was found at
eleven different stations known to the author. In 1955, the au-
thor found one plant, and in 1956, a year with a cold dry spring,
no plants at all were found.

58 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. Vill, NO. 3

The plant grows in a surprising variety of habitats. Typical
stations are: on the Pinole Hills, where it grows in barren black
clay; at the Twisselmann Ranch in a vernal pool bed where it
was found under a dense growth of wild lettuce in heavy adobe
soil; in the gypsum sink at the gypsum mine southeast of Simm-
ler; in alkali soil and in black clay in the Cholame Valley;
among oaks in gravelly soil in Priest Valley (acc. Munz); in
growing grain in adobe soil on hilltops at the summit of Palo
Prieta Canyon; in light gypsum soil at Davidson Hills above
Grant’s Lake; and in fractured brown shale in the Cedar Can-
yon creek bed. (An excerpt from the flora of the Temblor area,
Ms.)

A NUMERICAL SUMMARY OF THE
VASCULAR PLANTS OF CALIFORNIA

BY LILLIAN HERRIOTT AND ANITA M. NOLDEKE

The present summary of all plant groups treated in Jepson’s
Manual of the Flowering Plants of California* was undertaken
at the suggestion of Mr. John Thomas Howell who came to re-
alize how useful such a summary would be while he was pre-
paring “A tabulation of California endemics’’ (Leafl. West. Bot.
7: 257-264). Since Jepson enumerates only the number of spe-
cies treated in the Manual (p. 11), there has been no way to
compare the California flora with floras found in other parts
of the United States or elsewhere when more detailed analyses
are given. Also in the future it will be of interest to compare
Jepson’s treatment of our flora with treatments that will be pre-
pared by other botanists.

In the present summary, only categories entirely accepted and
treated in keys have been counted; such a genus as Eichornia (p.
195) and such a species as Eriogonum panduratum (p. 308)
have not been counted. Nevertheless, there is a small discrepancy
between the species count given here and that given by Jepson:
whereas Jepson (p. 11) gives 4019 species (3727 native and 292
introduced, these figures presumably including the additions
found in the Supplement on p. 1170), the present count shows
that the Manual actually “accepts’’ 4038 species (3740 native

*A Manual of the Flowering Plants of California by Willis Linn Jepson. Pages 1-1238;
figures 1-1023. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California.

AUGUST, 1956] |= CALIFORNIA PLANTS AND ENDEMISM 59

and 298 introduced). In treating those species represented in
California only by one or more varieties, the first variety has
been counted as a species and additional varieties (if there are
any) have been counted as varieties. Thus in the summary, the
sum of species numbers and variety numbers gives the Manual’s
total of named vascular plants in California, viz., 5349.

Since the authors prepared their counts independently and.
then compared their totals, it is believed the figures are quite
accurate. The detailed work sheets from which the totals are de-
rived are on file in the California Academy of Sciences.

Families Genera Species Varieties

Intro- Intro- Intro- Intro-

Native duced Native duced Native duced Native duced

PTERIDOPHYTA Bh. Bare 26 ae ion ee: 22

GYMNOSPERMAE ais aere NG So PU tae Ba Ne es. SAF st
MONOCOTYLEDONEAE ieee lol 22 ell 68 98 7
DICOTYLEDONEAE 110 2* 649 85 2903 230 1158 18
TOTALS 140 2 820 107 3740 298 1286 25

*These two families are Tamaricaceae and Dipsacaceae

THE NUMERICAL SUMMARY OF CALIFORNIA
PLANTS AND ENDEMISM

BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

With figures available from the numerical analysis of Jep-
son’s Manual by Mrs. Herriott and Miss Noldeke (see above),
it is now possible to compare the number of indigenous taxa in
California with the number of endemics, a matter of consid-
erable phytogeographic interest since endemism is one of the
distinguishing marks of the California flora. The comparison
of the numbers of genera and species is simple: the number of
“strictly restricted endemic genera” is based on my corrected
total (Leafl. West. Bot. 7: 290)! and the number of species is
from my enumeration of California endemics (ibid., p. 264).

The figures available for indigenous and endemic varieties,
however, cannot be compared without adjusting them. As Mrs.
Herriott and Miss Noldeke point out, they have counted as

1Two more genera which I believed to be restricted to California are now known to occur
in northern Baja California: Tropidocarpum (cf. Abrams, Illus. Fl. 2: 285, —1944), and

Venegasia (cf. Rydberg, N. Amer. Fl. 34: 5, —1914; Blake, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23:
1599, —1926). -

60 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 3

species those species represented in the state only by one or more
varieties (7. €., with typical variety not Californian). There are
135 such species in Jepson’s Manual. Moreover, when I pre-
pared my enumeration of California endemics, I counted as en-
demic varieties the typical element of those species in which
that element was endemic but in which a subsequent variety
was not endemic. There are 42 such “‘typical varieties” in Jep-
son’s Manual. Hence, in order to compare numbers of named
indigenous and endemic varieties, it is necessary to adjust the
available figures as follows: 135 must be added to the number
of named varieties in the Herriott-Noldeke summary and 42
must be subtracted from my total of endemic varieties. The
resulting figures are given below and contrast the indigenous
and endemic named varieties in Jepson’s Manual.

Genera Species Named Varieties
Indigenous 820 3740 1421
Endemic 24 1440 1118
Percentage 2.92 38.50 78.67

APONOGETON DISTACHYUS IN SAN MATEO County, CALIFORNIA.
Aponogeton distachyus L. f. (Aponogetonaceae), called Cape
pond-weed, has been found to grow, apparently spontaneously,
in a little pond on the east side of Skyline Boulevard (State
Highway 5) immediately south of the junction of Chinese Ceme-
tery Road, 4.6 miles south of the southern boundary of San
Francisco. When the plant was first collected on February 11,
1954, it was in flower. The following year it was collected in
flower and fruit on April 2. On March 13, 1956, it was observed
in flowering condition. Thus the plant seems to be established
in this pond.

A native of the region of Cape of Good Hope, A. distachyus is
sometimes cultivated in our region as an ornamental plant.
However, in the above-mentioned pond it seems to grow spon-
taneously, since the surrounding area is not under cultivation,
and it should thus be considered a garden escape. The speci-
mens (Rubtzoff 1451, 1767) are in the Herbarium of the Cali-
fornia Academy of Sciences.—PETER RUBTZOFF.

ff

Vou. VIII No. 4

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS

PERM PALE RICOMEIS DEE: «go oe oud. fo ae ae ecto se 61

THomas H. KEARNEY

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
NovEMBER 28, 1956

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

A publication devoted particularly to the native and naturalized
plants of western North America and to the cultivated plants
of California, appearing about four times each year. Subscrip-
tion, $2.00 annually. Cost of back files or single numbers fur- es "
nished on request. Address: John Thomas Howell, California
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18.

Cited as

LEAFL. WEsT. Bor.

Owned and published by

JouN THomaAs HOWELL

NOVEMBER, 1956] |= ARIZONA PLANT RECORDS 61

ARIZONA PLANT RECORDS III

BY THOMAS H. KEARNEYT

Two earlier papers (Leafl. West. Bot. 7: 1-11 and 165-175)
recorded the addition of certain genera and species to the known
flora of Arizona, together with extensions of ranges within the
state, additional records of rare taxa, and changes of taxonomic
status suggested by recent publications of other authors. A third
installment of similar information is presented here, without
repetition of data given in the earlier papers. Extensions of the
altitudinal range of very many species have also been recorded,
but limitation of space precludes presentation of these data in
this paper. The page references, in parentheses, are to Arizona
Flora by Kearney and Peebles, published in 1951.

Five genera, 22 species, and one variety are here added to the
recorded flora of the state, bringing the total number of addi-
tions reported in the three papers to 12 genera and 53 species.

ADDITIONAL TAXA

AEGILOPS CYLINDRICA Host. Grand Canyon Village, Coconino
Co. (Whiting in 1941), Prescott, Yavapai Co. (Passey in 1955),
Pinetop, Navajo Co. (Michaels in 1955). This weedy European
grass, commonly known as Goat Grass, is more or less natural-
ized in many parts of the United States and tends to become a
troublesome weed in fields and pastures. The genus, as well as
the species, was not previously recorded for Arizona. Aegilops
is nearly related to Triticum, the genus that includes the culti-
vated wheats. In the key to the genera of Gramineae in Arizona
Flora, it would be inserted under second paragraph 32 (p. 73),
differing from Secale in its terete, much narrower spikes, etc.

MUHLENBERGIA TENUIFOLIA (H.B.K.) Trin. Dragoon Mts.,
Cochise Co., on a partly timbered slope (L. N. Goodding 44-54).
Southern Arizona and Mexico.

This collection was identified by Charlotte Goodding. In the
key to the species of Muhlenbergia this species would seem to
come next to M. polycaulis (No. 35, paragraph 44 of the key,
pp. 108, 111) but the panicle is more open and the floret is more

{This paper was in press at the time of Dr. Kearney’s death on Oct. 19.—J.T.H.

Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VIII, pp. 61-80, November 28, 1956.

62 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 4

densely pubescent at base. The flexuous awn of the lemma is
about 15 mm. long.

DiGiTaR1A IscHAEMUM (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl. Tucson,
Pima Co., a common weed in Bermuda-grass lawns, forming
patches 20 to 30 feet in diameter (K. F. Parker 8427). Extensively
naturalized in the United States, from Eurasia.

This taxon is distinguished from D. sanguinalis (p. 132) by
the glabrous sheaths and smaller spikelets (about 2 mm. long
as compared with 3 mm. in D. sanguinalis).

ANDROPOGON WricHtTt Hack. This makes the fourth species
of Sect. Amphilophis of Andropogon in the Arizona flora, hav-
ing been collected in the Canelo Hills, Santa Cruz Co. (Reynolds
in 1954, R. White 153), 5000 feet. The species was known pre-
viously only from southern New Mexico and northern Mexico.
Reynolds’ specimen was identified by Charles T. Mason, Jr.,
and the identification was confirmed by Jason R. Swallen. This
species differs from A. barbinodis and A. saccharoides (Arizona
Flora p. 142) and resembles A. Ischaemum L. (see Leafl. West.
Bot. 7: 166) in having the pedicellate spikelet about as large as
the sessile one and the inflorescence not conspicuously silvery-
hairy. Andropogon Wrightwu differs from A. Ischaemum in the
greenish or tawny inflorescence and the thicker, very obtuse,
shiny first glume of the sessile spikelet, which is glabrous except
for the upwardly setulose keel, whereas in A. Ischaemum the
inflorescence is brown-purple and the first glume is acutish or
obtusish, not shiny, and appressed-pilose on the lower 14 to 4%
of the back. (See Eduard Hackel, Andropogoneae, in A. & C.
DeCandolle, Monogr. Phan. 6: 474-478.)

Juncus acuminatus (No. 17, p. 172). Forma sphaerocephalus
Hermann (Leafl. West. Bot. 8: 12, 13), characterized by globose,
many-flowered heads, has been collected in the Chiricahua Mts.,
Cochise Co. (Lemmon 309).

LupiINus VOLUTANS Greene. Between Frazier Well and Hualpai
Hilltop, Coconino Co. (J. T. Howell 26610). This is the species
mentioned in the paragraph in small type in Arizona Flora
(p. 420). It resembles L. huachucanus of extreme southern Ari-
zona in its subacaulescent habit, but differs in the longer hairs
of the stems and petioles (up to 3 mm. long), racemes scarcely
surpassing the foliage, and larger corollas (12-13 mm. long).

Lupinus cAuDATus Kellogg. Kaibab Plateau near Jacobs Lake,
Coconino Co. (Eastwood & Howell 1112, 6390, 6432, 6440).

NOVEMBER, 1956] |= ARIZONA PLANT RECORDS 63

These collections were referred formerly to L. argenteus Pursh,
but differ in having the herbage, even the upper leaf-surface,
densely sericeous and the calyx shortly spurred.

AstraGAus. The addition of A. coccineus Brandeg. to the
known flora of Arizona was reported in an earlier paper (Leafl.
West. Bot. 7: 2). Mr. Rupert C. Barneby recently brought to my
attention the occurrence of five other species and one variety of
this genus not hitherto recorded as components of the state
flora. ‘These are:

AstTRAGALUS Haiti Gray (Pisophaca Hallit Rydb.). Near
Richville, Apache Co. (Richey in 1950), previously reported as
A. albulus Woot. & Standl. (Leafl. West. Bot. 7: 10). Mr. Bar-
neby thought that the Arizona specimen may have been intro-
duced from Colorado or New Mexico, the only states where this
species had hitherto been known.

Of the species previously recorded from Arizona, this is
nearest A. famelicus Sheldon (Arizona Flora No. 29, p. 462) but
is readily distinguished therefrom by its dense inflorescences
and much narrower, elliptic-oblong, nearly symmetric pods.

ASTRAGALUS GRACILENTUS Gray (A. Greenei Gray, Pisophaca
gracilenta Rydb., P. Greenei Rydb.). Natanes Plateau, 34 miles
northeast of Globe, Gila Co., 5700 feet, in clay soil in juniper-
grassland (Barneby 12629); 14 miles northeast of Globe, Gila
Co., 4450 feet, dry gravelly hills (Barneby 12634); near Salt River
Bridge, Gila Co., 4400 feet, sandy talus and rocky hillsides (Bar-
neby 12625). New Mexico and central Arizona.

This species, also, is related to 4. famelicus, differing in its
smaller flowers, the corolla being 10-12 mm. long (commonly
about 15 mm. long in A. famelicus) and lighter colored, whitish
or pale purple. The pods are elliptic in outline, narrower and
less asymmetric than in A. famelicus. As in the latter species, the
upper leaf-surface varies from strigose-pubescent to glabrous or
nearly so.

Mr. Barneby (personal communication, August 3, 1955),
doubted that this taxon is distinct, as a species, from A. flexuosus
Dougl.

ASTRAGALUS FLEXUOSUS Doug]. Second Mesa, Hopi Indian
Reservation, Navajo Co. (C. C. Michaels 10 in 1955). Manitoba
to Alberta, south to Kansas, New Mexico, and eastern Arizona.

The Arizona collection belongs to var. Diehliz (Jones) Bar-
neby, which differs from A. gracilentus chiefly in having the

64 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 4

flowers smaller in all their parts. This variety occurs also in
western Colorado and eastern Utah.

ASTRAGALUS STRATURENSIS Jones (Atelophragma straturense
Rydb., Tiwm atratiforme Rydb.). Nixon Springs, Mt. Trumbull,
northern Mohave Co., 6500 feet (Gould 1716). Southern Utah
and Nevada and northwestern Arizona.

Of the species in Arizona Flora, A. Rusbyi (No. 52) and A.
recurvus (No. 54, p. 465) appear to be the nearest relatives of
A. straturensis. Mr. Barneby (personal communication) pointed
out that A. Rusbyi differs from A. straturensis in the connation
of the lowest stipules, much more elongate wing-petals, and
much longer-stipitate pods. In A. recurvus the pods are sessile or
subsessile in the calyx and are strongly curved, whereas in A.
straturensis they are distinctly stipitate and straight or nearly so.
Mr. Barneby has suggested also that the inclusion of “Mount
Trumbull (Mohave County)” in the range of A. Rusbyi, as
stated in Arizona Flora (p. 465), probably was based upon this
Gould collection, now referred to A. straturensis, and should be
deleted.

ASTRAGALUS SCOPULORUM Porter (Tium scopulorum Rydb.).
Sixteen miles northeast of Salt River Bridge, Gila Co., 5400
feet, on red clay hills with juniper (Barneby 12620); Carrizo
Creek, 22 miles southwest of Showlow, southern Navajo Co.,
4800 feet, clay banks in pinyon-juniper forest (Barneby 12618);
Black Mesa, Apache Co., 7250 feet (Deaver 3928). This species
occurs also in Colorado, southeastern Utah, and northern New
Mexico.

Astragalus scopulorum has almost completely 2-celled pods.
Of the species recorded in Arizona Flora, it seems nearest re-
lated to A. Rusbyi Greene, A. Egglestonit (Rydb.) Kearney &
Peebles, and A. recurvus Greene (Nos. 52, 53, and 54, p. 465).
All of these have pendulous, septate (incompletely 2-celled)
pods but looser racemes and much smaller flowers than in
A. scopulorum. The corollas are not more than 8 mm. long,
whereas in A. scopulorum, the ochroleucous corollas are nearly
20 mm. long. Rydberg (N. Amer. Flora 24 (5): 380) referred
A. Rusbyi to his segregate genus Atelophragma, but included
A. recurvus and A. Egglestonii in Tium (ibid. pp. 396, 397).
These three species seem, however, to be more closely interre-
lated than Rydberg’s treatment would indicate.

ASTRAGALUS HUMISTRATUS Gray var. HUMIVAGANS (Rydb.)

NOVEMBER, 1956] = ARIZONA PLANT RECORDS 65

Barneby (Batidophaca humivagans Rydb.). In Arizona Flora
(p. 461) this taxon was synonymized with var. sonorae (Gray)
Jones, but R. C. Barneby (Amer. Midland Nat. 55: 478, 1956)
has pointed out several characters in which these varieties differ
and has noted that, in Arizona, var. humivagans is found only
north of the Gila River, whereas var. sonorae is limited to the
southern counties.

Another species is added to the known flora of Arizona by
the replacement of Astragalus convallarius Greene by two vari-
eties, raised to specific rank. (See below under Changes of ‘Tax-
onomic Status.)

NAMA Rornrocki Gray. Near Mt. Trumbull, northern Mo-
have Co., about 6000 feet (Jaeger in 1941). Known previously
only from California. Readily distinguishable from all species
of Nama recorded previously for this state (Arizona Flora, pp.
705, 706) as a perennial, with thickish, coarsely serrate-dentate
leaves and densely subcapitate, many-flowered, terminal inflor-
escences.

TRICHOSTEMA MICRANTHUM Gray. This species, known pre-
viously only from southern California and northern Baja Cali-
fornia, has been collected near Mt. Trumbull, northern Mohave
Co., about 6000 feet (Jaeger in 1941). It resembles T. brachiatum
(Arizona Flora p. 734) in being annual, but the corolla-tube is
curved upward (not straight as in T. brachiatum), the leaves
are commonly narrower (2-6 mm. wide as compared with 4-16
mm. in T. brachiatum), and the flowers are more numerous in
the cymules.

SALPICHROA RHOMBOIDEA (Gill. & Hook.) Miers. Tucson,
Pima Co., a common weed in yards (K. F. Parker 8426). Culti-
vated and tending to become naturalized in California and
southern Arizona; native of southern South America.

Lily-of-the-valley vine. In the key to the genera of Solanaceae
(p. 749), Salpichroa would come nearest to Capsicum, differing
in the deeply cleft calyx, urceolate corolla, and non-pungent
fruit. The shape of the whitish corolla is much as in Margaran-
thus, but the species of the latter are small annual herbs with a
greatly accrescent calyx, whereas Salpichroa is a subshrub with
long, flexuous stems and a non-accrescent calyx.

ENGELMANNIA PINNATIFIDA Nutt. (p. 891). Window Rock,
northern Apache Co., 6850 feet (C. F. Deaver 4836). This seems
to be the first definite record of occurrence of this interesting

66 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 4

member of the Compositae in Arizona, although Gray (Syn. FI.
N. Amer. 1 (2): 244) included that state in the range.

CoTULA AUSTRALIS Hook. f. Papago Park near Tempe, Mari-
copa Co., in sandy-silt soil, April (E. R. Blakley 1981). Probably
an introduction from southern California, where this species
is extensively naturalized. It is a much smaller plant than C.
coronopifolia (see Arizona Flora p. 938), annual, with pinnately
dissected leaves, more or less villous herbage, and heads only
about 3 mm. in diameter.

Microseris. A second species of this genus was recorded for
Arizona by Kenton L. Chambers in his “‘Biosystematic Study of
the Annual Species of Microseris” (Contrib. Dudley Herbar-
ium 4: 207-312). It is M. heterocarpa (Nutt.) K. Chambers, of
which a collection on the San Carlos Indian Reservation, Gila
Co. (A. & R. Nelson 1848) was listed (ibid. p. 288). Microseris
heterocarpa differs from M. linearifolia (Arizona Flora p. 959)
in the stouter and usually longer awn of the paleae, beakless
achenes, etc. In M. linearifolia the achenes are usually distinctly
beaked.

Three trees that were not included in Arizona Flora have
been reported by Dr. Horace S. Haskell as escapes from cultiva-
tion in this state. They are:

Lombardy poplar (Populus nigra L. var. italica Muenchh.).
Oraibi, Navajo Co. (Deaver 3774).

Tree-of-Heaven (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, family
Simarubaceae). Pecks Lake, Yavapai Co. (M. A. Wetherill in
1956).

Chinaberry (Melia Azedarach L., family Meliaceae). Pecks
Lake, Yavapai Co. (M. A. Wetherill in 1956).

CHANGES OF TAXONOMIC STATUS AND NOMENCLATURE*

Pinus spp. (pp. 53, 54). In his Check List of Native and Nat-
uralized Trees of the United States (U. S. Dept. Agric. Agri-
cultural Handb. 41: pp. 265-267. 1953) Elbert L. Little, Jr.,
adopted for P. reflexa (No. 6) the name Pinus flexilis James
var. reflexa Engelm., citing as synonyms P. strobiformis Engelm.
and P. reflexa (Engelm.) Engelm. He followed Shaw in reducing
P. chihuahuana (No. 7) to varietal status under P. leiophylla
and adopted for P. latifolia (No. 9) the older name P. Engel-
mannii Carr.

*The changes here recorded do not necessarily accord with the present writer’s views.

NOVEMBER, 1956] ARIZONA PLANT RECORDS 67

Abies concolor (No. 1, p. 56). According to Little (ibid. p. 28)
the author of this combination was Lindley, not Hoopes.

Torreyochloa (p. 82) was combined with Puccinellia by Rob-
ert T. Clausen (Rhedora 54: 42-45) but Church (ibid. pp. 197-
200) argued for its maintenance as a genus.

Setaria lutescens (No. 1, p. 139), John R. Reeder (Rhodora
53: 27-30) concluded that this name is untenable and that the
species should be known as S. glauca (L.) Beauv.

Cyperus aristatus (No. 6, p. 149). Fernald (Gray’s Man. ed. 8,
p. 242) adopted the name C. inflexus Muhl. for this species,
citing as a synonym “C. aristatus of authors, non Rottb.”

Eleocharis montevidensis (No.9, p. 155) was reduced by Osten
(An. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, ser. 2, 3: 183) to a subspecies
of E. montana H. B. K.

Carex ebenea (No. 19, p. 161). L. Kelso (Biol. Leafl. No. 66,
p. 23) reduced this taxon to varietal rank under C. Haydeniana
Olney.

Salix pseudomonticola (No. 16, p. 213). Little, in his Check
List of U. S. Trees (1953, p. 392), reduced this to synonymy
under S. padophylla Rydb.

Betula fontinalis (p. 215) was listed by Little (ibid. p. 66) as
a synonym of B. occidentalis Hook. var. occidentalis.

Eriogonum glandulosum (No. 13, p. 237). Mr. J. T. Howell
(Leaf. West. Bot. 8: 37) has pointed out the fact that E. glan-
dulosum Nutt. is not known to cccur in Arizona. The collection
cited in Arizona Flora is the type collection of E. flexum Jones, a
different species.

Rumex occidentalis Wats. (No. 9, p. 245). This species appar-
ently does not occur in Arizona, its place being taken by R.
densiflorus Osterh. and R. nematopodus Rech. f. (see Leafl. W.
Bot. 7: 166, 172). In the key to Rumex (Arizona Flora, pp. 243,
244) both species would come under second paragraph 2, be-
longing to Sect. B, Simplicis of Rechinger f. (see Bot. Publ.
Field Mus. 17: 7), characterized by the lack of axillary shoots.
Absence of callosities on the valves would place them under
first paragraph 7 (Subsect. Aquatici of Rechinger (ibid.)). Since
the valves in fruit are not more than 6 mm. long, both species
would be entered under second paragraph 8 of the key in Ari-
zona Flora, and under second paragraph 9 because the prin-
cipal lateral leaf-veins are ascending or sub-erect. This para-

68 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [ VOL. VIII, NO. 4

graph should now read: “9. Principal lateral veins ascending
or suberect (9a).’’ Then insert:
9a. Flowering stems from a vertical root; longest pedicels 3-4 times as long

as the perianth; valves in fruit 4-5 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide........
Stes rayireiselstar ancy iA Shel aay & laaaitapenetghd win ous cten Aiobead Srnheal a tied steele 9. R. nematopodus

9a. Flowering stems from a black, horizontal rootstock, this covered with
rootlets; pedicels (as described) 1-114 times as long as the perianth;
valves in fruit 5-6 mm. long and wide .............. 9a. R. densiflorus

Both species seem to be local in Arizona, R. nematopodus
being known only from the Huachuca Mts. and R. densiflorus
only from the White Mts.

CHENOPODIUM (pp. 251-254). Herbert A. Wahl, in a paper
entitled “A Preliminary Study of the Genus Chenopodium in
North America’ (Bartonia No. 27,-1954) presented data indi-
cating that the following changes should be made in the treat-
ment of this genus in Arizona Flora. For C. incisum (No. 2) he
preferred the name C. graveolens Willd., citing C. incisum Poir.
as a synonym (ibid. p. 7). C. Watsoni A. Nels. (No. 8) is appar-
ently less common in Arizona than the distribution given in
Arizona Flora would indicate. Specimens from Black Mesa,
Navajo Co. (Eastwood & Howell 6630, Deaver 3894) were so
identified by Wahl. For C. arizonicum (No. 9) should be
substituted C. Palmeri Standley (C. artzonicum Standley as a
synonym) and C. neomexicanum Standley, two closely related
species, distinguished chiefly by the inflorescences, these leafless
in C. Palmeri, moderately leafy in C. neomexicanum, also by
size of the seeds, these not more than 1.1 mm. wide in C. Palmeri,
up to 1.5 mm. in C. neomexicanum. C. Berlandieri (No. 10),
according to Wahl, is represented in Arizona by var. sinuatum
(Murr) Wahl and var. Zschackei (Murr) Murr, but the differ-
ences between these varieties seem rather vague. C. leptophyllum
Nutt. (C. inamoenum Standley excl. the type), No. 11 in Arizona
Flora, apparently is confined to the three counties there men-
tioned. C. hians Standley (No. 12) seems to be limited, in Ari-
zona, to Coconino Co. For C. pratericola (No. 13) substitute: 13.
C. desiccatum A. Nels. The fact that this name has priority over
C. pratericola was noted by Wahl in a later publication (Field
and Lab. 23: 22,-1955). The species is represented in Arizona by
var. desiccatum, a low, usually diffusely branched plant with
oblong or oval, entire leaves; and var. leptophylloides (Murr)
Wahl (C. pratericola Rydb. var. leptophylloides Aellen), a tall,

NOVEMBER, 1956] ARIZONA PLANT RECORDS 69

erect plant with linear, lanceolate, or narrowly oblong leaves,
the lower ones often somewhat 3-lobed. C. Fremonti (No. 14),
as treated in Arizona Flora comprises, according to Wahl, 4
species: C. Fremontii Wats. (including forma farinosum Aellen),
C. atrovirens Rydb., C. incanum (Wats.) Heller, and C. incog-
nitum Wahl. These taxa are not always easy to distinguish by
the characters given in Wahl’s key (ibid. pp. 14, 15), but fruit-
ing specimens of C. incognitum may be identified by the nor-
mally attached pericarp, whereas the other 3 taxa have the
pericarp separable from the seed. C. album (No. 16) apparently
is not common in Arizona. There seems to be no evidence of the
occurrence in this state of C. rubrum (No. 6) and C. albescens
(No. 15).

Amaranthus Torreyi (No. 4, p. 266). The identity of the taxon
or taxa included under this name in Arizona Flora is doubtful.
Standley (N. Amer. Flora 21 (2): 107) described A. Torreyi
(Gray) Benth. as dioecious, although in the key to the species
in Arizona Flora (p. 265, second paragraph 4) it was treated
as a monoecious species. The Arizona plants may belong to A.
Pringlei Wats., a name which Ivan M. Johnston (Jour. Arnold
Arbor. 25: 155) cited as a synonym of A. Torrey: (Gray) Benth.
The latter, however, is a nomen ambiguum, according to Jona-
than Sauer (Madrofio 13: 36-40) and he synonymized it partly
with A. Watson: Standl. and partly with A. arenicola I. M.
Johnst., both dioecious. He.cited only one Arizona collection of
A. Watsoni, at Yuma (Thornber in 1912) and none of A. are-
nicola. ‘The range of A. Pringlei as given by Standley (ibid. p.
110) could include Arizona, although he did not mention that
State.

Acanthochiton Wrightii (p. 267). Sauer (ibid. p. 44) com-
bined this genus with Amaranthus and designated our species
Amaranthus Acanthochiton Sauer.

Stellaria umbellata Turcz. (No. 4, p. 293). According to Boi-
vin (Svensk Bot. ‘Tidskr. 50: 113, 114,—1956), this species is
Asiatic, only. The Arizona plants previously referred to it are
S. gonomischa Boivin. This taxon was recorded by Boivin only
for Colorado and California, but is probably much more widely
distributed in western mountain regions.

Philadelphus microphyllus (p. 366). A very different inter-
pretation of this complex was presented by Shiu-ying Hu in her
recently published monograph of the genus (see Journ. Arnold

70 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 4

Arbor. vol. 37, pp. 15-35). Instead of the single aggregate spe-
cies recognized by C. Leo Hitchcock (Madrofio 7: 35-56), she
distinguished 11 species of “Section Microphyllus,” of which 7
were recorded as occurring in Arizona.

Swainsona (pp. 444, 445). Substitute Sphaerophysa for the
name of the genus and Sphaerophysa salsula (Pall.) DC. for the
name of the species.

Astragalus. R. C. Barneby (Amer. Midland Nat. 55: 477,-
1956) has excluded A. convallarius Greene from the flora of
Arizona and has raised to species status the two varieties repre-
senting A. convallarius in Arizona Flora (No. 4, p. 457), as A.
xiphoides (Barneby) Barneby and 4. titanophilus Barneby (A.
convallarius var. foliolatus Barneby). Both of these species have
the stipules free, whereas in A. convallarius they are united
below into a “‘contrapetiolar sheath.”

Astragalus sesquiflorus Wats. (No. 25, p. 461). Barneby (ibid.
p. 478) has described the Arizona representatives of this species
as var. brevipes Barneby, limiting var. sesquiflorus to south-
western Utah.

Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt. (No. 72, p. 469). Regarding the
Arizona representatives of this species, Barneby (ibid. p. 498)
stated: “This southern form resembles var. Paysoni [ (Kelso)
Barneby] in nearly every way, but the pod is strongly inflated,
with thin walls and a large empty cavity, very unlike the solid
fruit of A. crassicarpus. The material at hand is as yet insuffi-
cient for adequate analysis, but a distinct taxon is assuredly
involved.”

Aeschynomene (p. 472). According to Rudd (Contrib. U. S.
Nat. Herb. 32 (1): 33), the Arizona species is A. villosa Poir.,
which differs from A. americana in having hispid, not conspicu-
ously veiny fruits, these, in A. americana, being glabrous or
puberulent and reticulate-veiny.

Tetracoccus Hallit (p. 503). Dressler (Rhodora 56: 57) re-
duced this taxon to varietal status as T. fasciculatus (Wats.)
Croizat var. Halli (Brandeg.) Dressler.

Ditaxis (pp. 505, 506) has been reduced by Croizat (Jour.
Arnold Arbor. 26: 191) toa subgenus of Argythamnia P. Browne.
The 7 species in Arizona Flora would be renamed, accordingly:
1. Argythamnia adenophora Gray; 2. A. mercurialina (Nutt.)
Muell. Arg.; 3. A. cyanophylla (Woot. & Standl.) Ingram; 4. A.

act

NOVEMBER, 1956 | ARIZONA PLANT RECORDS ral

Brandegei Millsp. and var. intonsa (I. M. Johnst.) Ingram; 5. A.
lanceolata (Benth.) Muell. Arg.; 6. 4. neomexicana Muell. Arg.;
7. A. serrata (Torr.) Muell. Arg. The status of A. Clariana
Jepson (FI. Calif. 2: 419) is uncertain. Jepson included Arizona
in the range of this taxon.

Mentzelia albicaulis (No. 7, p. 566). In the light of data given
by H. J. Thompson and Harlan Lewis (Madrofio 13: 103), all
but the last sentence of the second paragraph under this species
in Arizona Flora should be deleted. They recognized M. Veatchi-
ana Kellogg as a species and stated that it has petals 7-12 mm.
long, as compared with only 3-6 mm. in M. albicaulis.

Mentzelia pumila (No. 9). Thompson and Lewis (ibid. p. 106)
apparently recognize M. multiflora (Nutt.) Gray as a species.
(They made no mention of M. pumila (Nutt.) Torr. & Gray, of
which M. multiflora was treated as a variety in Arizona Flora,
following Urban and Gilg.

Clarkia (p. 592). The merger of Godetia with Clarkia, by
Lewis and Lewis, was noted in an earlier paper (Leafl. West.
Bot. 7: 174). Since that note was written, these authors have pub-
lished “The Genus Clarkia’ (Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 20: 241-
392,—1955), including 3 species that occur in Arizona. These are:
C. rhomboidea Dougl., C. purpurea (Curtis) Nels. & Macbr.
subsp. quadrivulnera (Dougl.) Lewis & Lewis (Godetia quadri-
vulnera (Dougl.) Spach.), and C. epilobioides (Nutt.) Nels. &
Macbr. (Godetia epilobioides (Nutt.) Wats.). These taxa are
readily identifiable by the characters given under Clarkia and
Godetia in Arizona Flora (pp. 592, 593).

Myriophyllum exalbescens (No. 2, p. 605). P. Patten (Rho-
dora 56: 223, 224) concluded that this taxon should be relegated
to subspecific status, as M. spicatum L. subsp. exalbescens
(Fern.) Hultén (M. spicatum var. exalbescens (Fern.) Jepson).

Asclepias (pp. 657-663). Robert E. Woodson, Jr., in a paper
entitled ‘““The North American Species of Asclepias, L.” (Ann.
Mo. Bot. Gard. 41: 1-211) gave data that indicate certain
changes which should be made in the treatment of this genus in
Arizona Flora. He recognized as a species (ibid. p. 183) A. Rusbyi
(Vail) Woodson, this taxon having been given varietal status
under A. Engelmanniana Woodson (No. 2, p. 660) in Arizona
Flora. Probably many of the Arizona specimens referred pre-
viously to A. Engelmanniana are A. Rusbyt. Woodson (ibid. p.

72 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 4

193) took up for A. capricornu Woodson (No. 4 in Arizona
Flora, p. 660) the name A. asperula (Dcne.) Woodson, referring
the Arizona plants to subsp. asperula. The Arizona representa-
tives of A. tuberosa (No. 7, p. 661 in Arizona Flora) were later
referred by Woodson (ibid. p. 75) to subsp. terminalis Woodson,
instead of the more eastern subsp. interior (Woodson) Woodson,
The range of A. fascicularis (No. 10, p. 661 in Arizona Flora) as
stated by Woodson (ibid. p. 65) does not include Arizona, but
he mentioned intergradations between this species and A. sub-
verticillata “throughout the southern Great Basin area.”

Gilia gilioides (No. 4, p. 690). This species was transferred
by A. and V. Grant (El Aliso 3: 105) to their new genus Allophyl-
lum, as A. gilioides (Benth.) A. & V. Grant.

Macromeria viridiflora (p. 724). I. M. Johnston (Jour. Ar-
nold Arboretum 35: 13) referred the Arizona plants mainly to
the relatively small-flowered var. Thurberi (Gray) I. M. Johnst.,
but stated that typical M. viridiflora occurs in the Chiricahua
and Huachuca Mts.

Monardella odoratissima (No. 1, p. 747). The synonym in
line 1 should be deleted and a second paragraph inserted: “This
species is represented in Arizona by subsp. parvifolia (Greene)
Epling (M. parvifolia Greene).”

Sambucus neomexicana (No. 3, p. 813). In the latest Check
List of U. S. Trees (p. 396) this taxon was reduced by Little to
synonymy under S. glauca Nutt., but the reduction of status
seems questionable. Also the name S. glauca is preferred to
S. coerulea Raf. (No. 6, p. 814), the latter being designated a
“nomen subnudum.”

RANGE EXTENSIONS AND ADDITIONAL RECORDS
OF RARER TAXA

Equisetum laevigatum (No. 2, p. 30). Apache Co.

Pellaea limitanea and P. Jonesii (Nos. 1 and 2, p. 37). Both species occur —

at Toroweap Point, northern Mohave Co. (McClintock 52-242, 52-243a).

Notholaena sinuata (No. 2, p. 41) var. integerrima. Mohave Co.

Pinus edulis (No. 2, p. 52). Grand Canyon National Monument, Mohave
Co.; also in southeastern California.

Picea pungens (No. 2, p. 55). Apparently also on the west fork of Oak
Creek (Haskell & Deaver 2011).

Ephedra viridis (No. 3, p. 61). Apache Co.

Typha domingensis (No. 2, p. 64). Apache and Pima Cos.

Alisma subcordatum (No. 2, p. 68). Swamp Lake, Grand Canyon, 7700
feet (Collom 1831).

NOVEMBER, 1956] = ARIZONA PLANT RECORDS iy

Bromus marginatus (No. 4, p. 77). Maricopa and Cochise Cos.

B. inermis (No. 5, p. 77). Several additional localities in Coconino Co.

B. frondosus (No. 10, p. 78). Yavapai and Santa Cruz Cos.

B.commutatus (No. 13, p. 78). Reported also from the Lukachukai Mts.,
Apache Co., 7500 feet (Phillips & Gould 4818).

Festuca elatior (No. 9, p. 80). Pinetop, Navajo Co.

Poa Bigelovii (No. 1, p. 83). Yuma Co.

P. compressa (No. 6, p. 84). Pinetop, Navajo Co., and North Rim of
Grand Canyon.

Eragrostis intermedia (No. 14, p. 87). Mohave Co.

Tridens elongatus (No. 5, p. 91). Navajo and Mohave Cos.

Cottea pappophoroides (p. 91). Santa Cruz Co.

Agropyron desertorum (No. 6, p. 93). Keams Canyon, Navajo Co.

A. subsecundum (No. 8, p. 94). Montezuma Castle, Yavapai Co.

Deschampsia elongata (No. 2, p. 100). North Rim of Grand Canyon,
Coconino Co.

Avena fatua (No. 1, p. 100). Santa Cruz Co.

Danthonia intermedia (No. 1, p. 101). North Rim of Grand Canyon.

Agrostis idahoensis (No. 6, p. 103). Additional collections have been
made on the Kaibab Plateau (Merkle 964, 968).

Polypogon interruptus (No. 2, p. 104). Reported from Alamo Crossing,
Yuma Co. (Gould & Darrow 4334).

Lycurus phleoides (p. 104). Northeastern Mohave Co.

Muhlenbergia sinuosa (No. 1, p. 108). Graham Co.

M. minutissima (No. 4, p. 108). Mt. Trumbull, Mohave Co. (Merkle 939).

M. Richardsonis (No. 20, p. 110). North Rim of Grand Canyon (Merkle
975).

M. curtifolia (No. 22, p. 110). Apparently also at Toroweap, north-
eastern Mohave Co., 4500 feet (Cottam 13323).

M. Porteri (No. 38, p. 111). Santa Cruz Co.

Sporobolus airoides (No. 8, p. 114). Mohave and Yuma Cos.

S. Wrightii (No.9, p. 114). Yuma Co.

* §. contractus (No. 13, p. 114). Yuma Co.

Stipa Lettermani (No. 13, p. 118). Apparently also on Black Mesa, Apache
Co., 8500 feet (Deaver 3907).

Aristida Wrightii (No. 15, p. 121). Apparently also in Havasu Canyon,
Coconino Co. (J. T. Howell 26387).

Bouteloua simplex (No. 1, p. 127). Mt. Trumbull, northern Mohave Co.
(Merkle 938a).

Leersia oryzoides (p. 131). Sedona, southern Coconino Co. (Deaver 4836).

Cyperus laevigatus (No. 1, p. 149). Burro Creek, Mohave Co.

C. aristatus (No. 6, p. 149). Yuma Co.

C. esculentus (No. 17, p. 150). Yuma Co.

Scirpus americanus (No. 5, p. 152), var. polyphyllus. Burro Creek, west-
ern Yavapai Co. (Gould & Darrow 4220).

Eleocharis montevidensis (No. 9, p. 155). Near Safford, Graham Co.
(Blakely 1496).

74 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 4

Yucca elata (No. 9, p. 188). Northern Yuma Co.; also in northern Mexico.

Agave Parryi (No. 7, p. 194), var. huachucensis. In line 9 on p. 195, read
“Huachuca Mountains and westward into Santa Cruz County.”

Salix Bonplandiana (No. 13, p. 213). Cochise Co.

Ostrya Knowltoni (p. 214). Toroweap, Mohave Co.

Eriogonum pharnaceoides (No. 11, p. 237). Northeastern Mohave Co.

E. trichopes (No. 15, p. 238). Reported from Havasu Canyon, western

Coconino Co.

. alatum (No. 30, p. 239). Probably also in northeastern Mohave Co.

. Bakeri (No. 35, p. 240). Black Mesa, Apache Co.

. Pringlet (No. 45, p. 241). Castle Dome Mts., Yuma Co.

. racemosum (No. 46, p. 241). Mt. Trumbull, northern Mohave Co.

. corymbosum (No. 53, p. 242). Northeastern Mohave Co.

. Mearnsii (No. 57, p. 243), var. pulchrum. Northeastern Mohave Co.
Rumex triangulivalvis (No. 6, p. 244). Northeastern Mohave Co.
Polygonum Convolvulus (No. 1, p. 247). Mt. Trumbull, northern Mohave

Co.

P. Kelloggii (No. 2, p. 247). Additional collections have been made on

North Rim of Grand Canyon (Merkle 669, 672).

P. aviculare (No. 4, p. 247). Apache and Mohave Cos.

P. pensylvanicum (No. 13, p. 248). Escudilla Mt., Apache Co., and delta
of Williams River, southern Mohave Co.

Chenopodium incisum (No. 2, p. 252). Northeastern Mohave Co.

Atriplex semibaccata (No. 3, p. 257). Pinal Co.

A. Powellii (No. 6, p. 257). Santa Rita Mts., Pima or Santa Cruz Co.

A. Wrightii (No. 9, p. 258). Santa Cruz Co.

A. Jonesii (No. 13, p. 258). Also in southeastern Utah.

Bassia hyssopifolia (p. 261). Apache Co.

Kochia scoparia (No. 2, p. 261), var. subvillosa. Abundant at Seligman,

Yavapai Co. (K. F. Parker 8410).

Mirabilis oxybaphoides (No. 1, p. 272). Northern Mohave Co.

Oxybaphus pumilus (No. 1, p. 273). Probably also in Apache Co.

O. comatus (No. 2, p. 273). Escudilla Mt., southern Apache Co. and
apparently also on Mt. Trumbull, Mohave Co.

Boerhaavia intermedia (No. 9, p. 276). Yuma Co.

Commicarpus scandens (p. 277). Santa Cruz Co.

Abronia fragrans (No. 5, p. 278). Collected in northern Apache Co.

also by Deaver (No. 4040).

Mollugo Cerviana (No. 2, p. 280). Northeastern Mohave Co.
Trianthema Portulacastrum (p. 281). Santa Cruz Co.

Cerastium vulgatum (No. 2, p. 294). Near Prescott, Yavapai Co.
Ceratophyllum demersum (p. 304). Apache Co.

Delphinium scaposum (No. 2, p. 308). Yuma Co.

Clematis Drummondii (No. 1, p. 312). Yuma Co.

Ranunculus sceleratus (No. 5, p. 316). Winslow and Showlow, Navajo Co.

(Michaels 842, Hamilton in 1955).

Berberis repens (No. 3, p. 321). Mohave Co.
B. haematocarpa (No. 6, p. 321). Occurs also in southeastern California.

thot by ty

NOVEMBER, 1956] |= ARIZONA PLANT RECORDS 75

Cocculus diversifolius (p. 321). Santa Cruz Co.

Argemone intermedia (No. 2, p. 324). Mohave Co.

Stanleya albescens (No. 3, p. 329). Black Mt., Navajo Co.

Thelypodium Wrightii (No. 1, p. 329). Apache Co.

T. integrifolium (No. 6, p. 330). Grand Canyon National Monument,
Mohave Co.

Lepidium lasiocarpum (No. 7, p. 334), var. Wrightii. Yuma Co.

Rorippa obtusa (No. 8, p. 340). Escudilla Mt., southern Apache Co., 8500
feet, and Kaibab Plateau, Coconino Co.

Lesquerella Fendleri (No. 3, p. 343). Gila Co.

L. Wardii (No. 5, p. 343). V. T. Park, Kaibab Plateau, Coconino Co.
(Merkle 762).

Draba asprella (No. 1, p. 346), var. stelligera. Southern Navajo Co.
(Barneby 12616).

D. petrophila (No. 5, p. 346). Probably also on Escudilla Mt., southern
Apache Co.

Arabis glabra (No. 1, p. 352). Reported also from Havasu Canyon,
Coconino Co.

Erysimum repandum (No. 1, p. 354). Northeastern Mohave Co.

E. inconspicuum (No. 3, p. 354). Northern Navajo Co. and widely dis-
tributed in Coconino Co.

Cleome serrulata (No. 2, p. 356). Graham Co.

C. lutea (No. 3, p. 356). Northeastern Mohave Co.

Wislizenia refracta (p. 357). Yuma Co.

Polanisia trachysperma (p. 358). Toroweap Valley, northeastern Mohave
Co.

Fendlera rupicola (p. 367). Grand Canyon National Monument, north-
eastern Mohave Co.

Ribes aureum (No. 2, p. 369). Coconino Co.

R.cereum (No. 5, p. 370). Northeastern Mohave Co.

Amelanchier oreophila (No. 5, p. 377). Mohave Co.

Potentilla pensylvanica (No. 16, p. 385). Also in eastern California.

Fallugia paradoxa (p. 387). Santa Cruz Co.

Cercocarpus intricatus (No. 2, p. 389). Northern Apache Co.

C. montanus (No. 5, p. 390). Northeastern Mohave Co.

Purshia tridentata (p. 391). Northeastern Mohave Co.

Rosa neomexicana (No. 3, p. 393). Walnut Canyon, Coconino Co.

Prunus fasciculata (No. 1, p. 394). Southwestern Yavapai Co.

P. emarginata (No. 2, p. 394). Grand Canyon National Monument; Mo-
have Co.

Acacia Greggii (No. 2, p. 398). Santa Cruz Co.

A. angustissima (No. 3, p. 399), subsp. Lemmonii. In lines 4 and 5 of this
page read: “known only from the mountains of Cochise County, the type
(Lemmon in 1882) from the Huachuca Mountains.”

A. constricta (No. 5, p. 399). Santa Cruz Co.

Cassia armata (No. 1, p. 405). Also in Baja California.

Cercidium floridum (No. 2, p. 407). Santa Cruz Co. and reported from
Cochise Co.

76 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 4

Hoffmanseggia densiflora (No. 4, p. 408). Santa Cruz Co.

Lupinus argenieus (No. 16, p. 418). Mt. Trumbull, northern Mohave Co.

Medicago hispida (No. 3, p. 421). Santa Cruz Co.

Melilotus albus (No. 3, p. 422). Apache Co.

Trifolium pratense (No. 14, p. 424). Pinetop, Navajo Co., Oak Creek
Canyon, Yavapai (?) Co.

T. Rusbyi (No. 17, p. 425). South of Flagstaff, Coconino Co.

Lotus Purshianus (No. 4, p. 427). Northeastern Mohave Co.

Psoralea mephitica (No. 3, p. 430), var. retrorsa. Near Globe, Gila Co.
(Barneby 12636).

Dalea urceolata (No. 16, p. 437). Flagstaff (B. Downer in 1953).

Olneya Tesota (p. 442). Southwestern Mohave Co.

Astragalus kaibensis (No. 6, p. 457). Near Navajo Bridge, Coconino Co.,
4000 feet (Peebles & Parker 14644).

A. Haydenianus (No. 7, p. 457). Piute Rock, northern Apache Co.
(Starr 90).

A. amphioxys (No. 14, p. 458), var. vespertinus. Bright Angel Trail,

Grand Canyon (Eastwood 6073).

A. albulus (No. 21, p. 461). The collection from Richville Valley
(Richey in 1950) cited in Leafl. West. Bot. 7:10, has been identified subse-
quently as A. Hallii Gray, but an additional collection of A. albulus from
1] miles south of St. Johns, Apache Co. (Ownbey & Ownbey 3021) should
be mentioned. The collectors described the corolla-color as “ocholeucous.”

A. desperatus (No. 27, p. 461), var. desperatus. Between Jacobs Lake and
Kanab, Coconino Co. (Eastwood & Howell 1128); near Navajo Bridge, Coco-
nino Co., in a sandy wash (Barneby 12668). Var conspectus Barneby (p. 462)
has been collected also near Fredonia, Coconino Co., on barren sandstone
hills (Barneby 12676).

A. Beathii (No. 46, p. 464). South of Cameron, Coconino Co., 4500 feet,
in red clay soil (Ripley & Barneby 4880), and between Flagstaff and Cameron
(Deaver 1982).

A. cobrensis (No. 51, p. 465). Pinal Peak, Gila Co., 5500 feet, open stony
slopes in pine forest (Barneby 12641).

A. Egglestonii (No. 53, p. 465). Nutrioso, southern Apache Co., in a
grassy mountain meadow (Ripley & Barneby 5063).

A. eremiticus (No. 55, p. 465). Mohave Co., north of Wolf Hole, and
near Toroweap Point, on red sandstone with pinyon and juniper.

A. lentiginosus (No. 56, p. 466), var. Wilsonii. Northwestern Gila Co.,
between Pine and the Verde River, 3750 feet, clay hillside with oaks and
pinyon (Barneby 12654).

A. Bigelovii (No. 68, p. 469), var. mogollonicus (Greene) Barneby. Point
of Pines, Graham Co., 6200 feet, “with grama and lupine” (V. Bohrer 322).

Desmodium neomexicanum (No. 8, p. 475). Coconino Co.

Galactia Wrightii (p. 480). Maricopa Co.

Geranium Parryi (No. 2, p. 485). White Mountains, Apache Co. (Mi-
chaels in 1955).

G. eremophilum (No. 7, p. 486). Mt. Trumbull, northern Mohave Co.

G. caespitosum (No. 8, p. 486). Mt. Trumbull, Mohave Co.

NOVEMBER, 1956] ARIZONA PLANT RECORDS res

Erodium texanum (No. 1, p. 486). Mohave and Yuma Cos.

Choisya arizonica (No. 1, p. 493). Also in northern Sonora.

C. mollis (No. 2, p, 494). Also in northern Sonora.

Thamnosma montana (No. 1, p. 494). Along the Little Colorado River,
Coconino (?) Co.

Polygala subspinosa (No. 11, p. 500). Kanab Plateau, northern Mohave
Co., 6000 feet (Cottam 14001).

Tetracoccus Hallii (p. 503). Castle Dome Mts. and between Quartzite
and Cibola, Yuma Co.

Euphorbia Fendleri (No. 31, p. 519). Graham and Gila Cos.

E. Abramsiana (No. 41, p. 520). Santa Cruz Co.

Glossopetalon nevadense (No. 1, p. 526). Northern and eastern Yavapai
Co.

Condalia spathulata (No. 3, p. 530). Also in southeastern California.

Ceanothus Martini (No. 3, p. 534). Northeastern Mohave Co.

Horsfordia alata (No. 2, p. 540). Castle Dome Mts., Yuma Co.

Sphaeralcea Rusbyi (No. 6, p. 543). Mohave Co.

.Malva neglecta (No. 2, p. 549). Northeastern Mohave Co.

Menitzelia involucrata (No. 1, p. 565). Mohave Co.

M. puberula (No. 10, p. 566). Near Toroweap Point, northern Mohave
Co.
Carnegiea gigantea (p. 569). Reported from northwestern Cochise Co.
Echinocactus polycephalus (No. 3, p. 573). Reported from Havasu Can-
yon, western Coconino Co.

Ferocactus acanthodes (No. 3, p. 573). Reported from Havasu Canyon.

Ammanania coccinea (No. 2, p. 588). Mohave Co.

Epilobium saximontanum (No. 5, p. 592). Kaibab Basin and North Rim
of Grand Canyon, Coconino Co.

Oenothera cavernae (No. 14, p. 598). Grand Canyon National Monument,
northeastern Mohave Co.

O. Boothii (No. 29, p. 600). Grand Canyon National Monument and
near Mt. Trumbull, northern Mohave Co., 4000-6000 feet (Cottam 13936,
Jaeger in 1941).

Gaura parviflora (No. 1, p. 603). Santa Cruz Co.

Conium maculatum (p. 614). Seligman, Yavapai Co.

Heracleum lanatum (p. 623). North Fork of White River, Apache Co.

Garrya Wrightii (No. 2, p. 625). Mt. Elden, Coconino Co.

Pterospora andromedea (p. 630). Mt. Trumbull, northern Mohave Co.

Primula Hunnewellii (No. 4, p. 636). Cliff Springs, North Rim of Grand
Canyon (Merkle 777).

Androsace septentrionalis (No. 2, p. 636), var. glandulosa (p. 637).
Kaibab Plateau, Coconino Co.

Dodecatheon Ellisiae (No. 1, p. 639). White Mts., Greenlee Co.

D. alpinum (No. 3, p. 639). White Mts., Greenlee Co.; “Park Gate,”
Coconino Co.

Fraxinus Gooddingii (No. 4, p. 642, as F. Greggii). Several collections
have been made in Santa Cruz Co. west of Nogales, including the type
(Goodding in 1936), Also in northeastern Sonora.

78 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 4

Gentiana strictiflora (No. 14, p. 649). Mt. Trumbull, northern Mohave Co.

Swertia radiata (No. 2, p. 650). Mt. Trumbull, Mohave Co.

Apocynum Suksdorfiit (No. 1, p. 654). Point of Pines, Graham Co.

Asclepias Engelmanniana (No. 2, p. 660). Gila and Santa Cruz Cos.; also
in northern Mexico.

A. albicans (No. 5, p. 660). Also in Baja California.

A. subulata (No. 6, p. 661). Yavapai and Pima Cos.; also in southern
Nevada.

A. subverticillata (No. 9, p. 661). Northeastern Mohave Co.

A. Linaria (No. 12, p. 661). Greenlee and Yuma Cos.

A. quinquedentata (No. 13, p. 661). Reported by Woodson from Coconino
Co.

A. speciosa (No. 20, p. 662). Maricopa Co.

A. latifolia (No. 27, p. 663). Reported by Woodson from Graham and
Santa Cruz Cos.

Funastrum hirtellum (No. 3, p. 664). Probably in northern Yuma Co.

Convolvulus arvensis (No. 2, p. 674). Mohave Co.

Navarretia Breweri (No. 1, p. 684). Near Mt. Trumbull, northern Mo-
have Co. (Jaeger in 1941).

Gilia polyantha (No. 19, p. 692). Mohave Co., near Mt. Trumbull, where
growing with Artemisia in juniper-pine forest (Robbins 2200), and on the
Kanab Plateau (Cottam 13893).

Phacelia affinis (No. 13, p. 702). Mohave Co.

P. magellanica (No. 16, p. 702). Northeastern Mohave Co.

P. integrifolia (No. 22, p. 703). Northeastern Mohave Co.

Nama dichotomum (No. 2, p. 705). Summit of Mt. Trumbull, northern
Mohave Co.

Pectocarya recurvata (No. 4, p. 712). Reported from Havasu Canyon,
western Coconino Co., by Deaver and Haskell (Plateau 28: 21).

Cryptantha abata (No. 9, p. 718). Havasu Canyon.

C. gracilis (No. 13, p. 719). Havasu Canyon, also Toroweap Valley, north-
eastern Mohave Co.

C. recurvata (No. 15, p. 719). Havasu Canyon, also Grand Canyon Na-
tional Monument, Mohave Co.

C. crassisepala (No. 20, p. 719). Havasu Canyon.

C. holoptera (No. 25, p. 710). Reported from Havasu Canyon by Deaver
and Haskell (Plateau 28: 20).

C. barbigera (No. 30, p. 721). Santa Cruz Co.

Amsinckia tessellata (No. 2, p. 723). Yuma Co.

Lithospermum multiflorum (No. 3, p. 724). Santa Cruz Co.

Agastache pallidiflora (No. 6, p. 737), subsp. neomexicana occurs, ap-
parently, also on the Kaibab Plateau, Coconino Co. (K. F. Parker 6226).

Moldavica parviflora (p. 738). Graham Co.

Leonurus Cardiaca (p. 739). Mt. Trumbull, northern Mohave Co.
(Merkle 942).

Salvia subincisa (No. 10, p. 742). Graham Co.

S. reflexa (No. 11, p. 743). Northeastern Mohave Co.

Hedeoma nanum (No. 2, p. 745), subsp. californicum. Havasu Canyon,
western Coconino Co.

NOVEMBER, 1956] = ARIZONA PLANT RECORDS 79

Chamaesaracha Coronopus (No. 1, p. 752). Northeastern Mohave Co.

Solanum Fendleri (No. 6, p. 758). Southern Apache Co.

S. triflorum (No. 10, p. 758). Northern Mohave Co.

S. americanum (No. 14, p. 759). Reported from Havasu Canyon by
Deaver and Haskell (Plateau 28: 21).

Verbascum Thapsus (p. 764). Mohave and Yuma Cos.

Collinsia parviflora (p. 767). Uinkaret Plateau, northern Mohave Co.

Penstemon pseudospectabilis (No. 16, p. 774). Reported from Havasu
Canyon, western Coconino Co., by Deaver and Haskell (Plateau 28:21).

P. oliganthus (No. 25, p. 776). Escudilla Mt., southern Apache Co.

P. Rydbergii (No. 27, p. 776). Another collection has been made on the
North Rim of Grand Canyon, about 8000 feet (Merkle 506).

P. virgatus (No. 35, p. 778), subsp. arizonicus (Gray) Keck. Escudilla Mt.,
southern Apache Co.

Mimulus Bigelovii (No. 4, p. 781). Mt. Trumbull, northern Mohave Co.,
7500 feet, in volcanic soil, flowering in August.

M. nasutus (No. 9, p. 781). Apparently also in northeastern Mohave Co.
(McClintock 52-534).

Gratiola neglecta (p. 782). Mormon Lake, Coconino Co. (Deaver 4901).

Limosella aquatica (p. 783). Near Greer, Apache Co. (Leydendecker in
1953).

Castilleja linariaefolia (No. 9, p. 789). Near Toroweap Point, north-
eastern Mohave Co.

Cordylanthus parviflorus (No. 6, p. 791). Toroweap and near Mt. Trum-
bull, northern Mohave Co.

Pedicularis centranthera (No. 4, p. 793). Navajo Co.

Proboscidea parviflora (No. 1, p. 795). Yavapai Co.

P. arenaria (No. 2, p. 796). Apparently also in Havasu Canyon, Coconino
Co. (Deaver 4454).

Orobanche multiflora (No. 2, p. 797), var. arenosa has been reported
from Havasu Canyon, Coconino Co. by Deaver and Haskell (Plateau 28: 21).

Plantago argyraea (No. 11, p. 805). Apache Co.

Galium boreale (No. 14, p. 812). White River, Apache Co. (Michaels in
1955); Big Lake, Apache Co. (Deaver 4690).

Sambucus neomexicana (No. 3, p. 813). Southern Apache Co.

S. coerulea (No. 6, p. 814). Grand Canyon National Monument, north-
eastern Mohave Co. (Cottam 14041).

Symphoricarpos Parishii (No. 2, p. 815). Grand Canyon National Monu-
ment, northeastern Mohave Co.

Lonicera arizonica (No. 4, p. 817). Sierra Ancha, Gila Co.

Valeriana edulis (No. 1, p. 819). Gila Co.

V. arizonica (No. 3, p. 819). Cochise Co.

Cucurbita foetidissima (No. 1, p. 822). Santa Cruz Co.

Brickellia longifolia (No. 1, p. 848). Reported from Betatakin Canyon,
Navajo Co.

Grindelia arizonica (No. 4, p. 852). Greenlee Co.

Chrysopsis viscida (No. 6, p. 856). Toroweap Point, northeastern Mohave
G.

80 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 4

Solidago decumbens (No. 2, p. 857). Escudilla Mt., southern Apache Co.
S. missouriensis (No. 3, p. 857). A collection in Grand Canyon National
Monument, northeastern Mohave Co. (Cottam 13531) seems to be of this
species, but the stems are puberulent.
Chrysothamnus pulchellus (No. 4, p. 863). Kaibito Plateau, Coconino
Co. (Love 8855).
C. viscidiflorus (No. 5, p. 864), var. stenophyllus. Northeastern Mohave Co.
Aster arenosus (No. 9, p. 872). Northeastern Mohave Co.
A. tanacetifolius (No. 18, p. 873). Apache and Mohave Cos.
A. aquifolius (No. 23, p. 874). Escudilla Mt., southern Apache Co.
Baccharis sergilloides (No. 4, p. 883). Also in southern Nevada.
Dicoria canescens (No. 2, p. 893). Mohave Co.
Ambrosia aptera (No. 1, p. 894). Also in southeastern Utah.
Franseria ambrosioides (No. 8, p. 896). Southern Mohave Co.
Helianthus anomalus (No. 3, p. 903). Uinkaret Plateau, northeastern
Mohave Co. (Cottam 13926).
Verbesina encelioides (No. 3, p. 907). Santa Cruz Co.
Thelesperma megapotamicum (No. 1, p. 909). Coconino and Mohave Cos.
Hymenopappus lugens (No. 4, p. 919). Graham Co.
Eriophyllum lanosum (No. 5, p. 921). Betatakin, Navajo Co.
Chaenactis macrantha (No. 4, p. 922). Almost throughout Mohave Co.
C. Douglasii (No. 6, p. 923). Grand Canyon National Monument, Mohave
Co. (Cottam 13992).
Bahia Woodhousei (No. 6, p. 925). Flagstaff, Coconino Co., 7000 feet
(Deaver 2304); Daggs Reservoir, Navajo Co. (Michaels 709).
Gaillardia Parryi (No. 3, p. 930). Toroweap Point, northeastern Mohave
Co., in gypsum soil (Cottam 14025).
Dyssodia papposa (No. 5, p. 933). Apache Co.
D. pentachaeta (No. 8, p. 933). Toroweap Point, northeastern Mohave Co.
Artemisia Carruthii (No. 3, p. 940). Mt. Trumbull, northern Mohave Co.,
about 5000 feet.
A. Bigelovii (No. 6, p. 941). Mohave Co.
A. tridentata (No. 11, p. 941). Northeastern Mohave Co.
A. nova (No. 12, p. 942). Almost throughout Coconino Co. and Grand
Canyon National Monument, Mohave Co.
Tetradymia canescens (No. 2, p. 944). Apache Co.
Senecio millelobatus (No. 10, p. 948). Toroweap Valley, northeastern
Mohave Co.
Cirsium Parryi (No. 2, p. 952). Escudilla Mt., southern Apache Co.
C. pulchellum (No. 10, p. 953). Kaibito Spring, Coconino Co.
Centaurea melitensis (No. 3, p. 955). Yuma Co.
C. Picris (No. 5, p. 956). Near Flagstaff, Coconino Co.
Microseris linearifolia (p. 959). Graham and Yuma Cos.
Stephanomeria Thurberi (No. 2, p. 960). Graham Co.
Tragopogon dubius (No. 3, p. 962). Apache Co.
Sonchus oleraceus (No. 2, p. 965). Santa Cruz Co.

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

A publication devoted particularly to the native and naturalized
plants of western North America and to the cultivated plants
of California, appearing about four times each year. Subscrip-
tion, $2.00 annually. Cost of back files or single numbers fur-
nished on request. Address: John Thomas Howell, California

Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18.

Cited as

LEAFL. WEsT. Bor.

Owned and published by

Joxun THoMAs HOWELL

1932—1957

On this, the twenty-fifth anniversary of the founding of LEar-
LETS OF WESTERN Botany, I wish to honor and to thank those
who have been most closely associated with our little journal
through the years. Of the ten contributors on this occasion, six
also contributed to Volume I, and the others have, in one special
way or another, been partly responsible for whatever success
the journal may have achieved.

LEAFLETS OF WESTERN Botany could not have begun without
the support and co-sponsorship of Alice Eastwood and it is grat-
ifying to remember her in this issue not only in a short paper
that she left unpublished but particularly in Mr. and Mrs. Cante-
low’s set of biographical sketches of people whom Miss Eastwood
commemorated in the names of plants. As a contributor, the late
Thomas H. Kearney did not appear in LEAFLETS’ pages until
well along in Volume IV, but from that time on he was a gen-
erous contributor, so I am especially happy to be able to offer
his unpublished paper on Gossypium that not only summarizes
the fascinating systematic and phytogeographic problems relat-
ing to that genus, but also recalls the economically and botan-
ically important work Dr. Kearney did in the development of
Pima Cotton. Dwight Ripley and Eric Walther in their articles
bring back to this issue the horticultural aspect of western bot-
any which was a feature of Volume I but which has been too-
long absent from the journal’s pages.

On this occasion I would like to express my gratitude to sev-
eral institutions and organizations for their help and coopera-
tion through the years. First I would like to thank the able
printers who have faithfully attended to our exacting editorial
demands — the James H. Barry Company in whose press rooms
LEAFLETs first saw the light of day twenty-five years ago and
where it was printed through the year 1947; and James J. Gillick
& Company who have continued to provide expert service from
1948 to the present. In the spirit of good-will the Bank of Cali-
fornia has attended to the financial accounting of the journal

Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VIII, pp. 81-144, January 16; 1957.

82 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

and has cared for its all-too-often diminutive deposit. For many
years the California Botanical Club has generously sponsored
one issue each year, in spite of the fact that the members as in-
dividuals might have been little attracted to accounts about new
Californian weeds or old western collectors. And to the Cali-
fornia Academy of Sciences I am especially grateful, not only
for the financial help its Board of Trustees has generously given
but also for the privilege we have been granted in allowing the
Academy’s Department of Botany to be identified as the source
of our journalistic contribution to western botany. — JOHN
THOMAS HOWELL.

This anniversary issue has been published
with funds from
THE CALIFORNIA BOTANICAL CLUB
THE IDA BourRNE AND LENA GIBBS FUND
OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
AND FRIENDS

JANUARY, 1957] BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES 83

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES ON PERSONS
IN WHOSE HONOR
ALICE EASTWOOD NAMED NATIVE PLANTS

BY

ELLA DALES CANTELOW AND HERBERT CLAIR CANTELOW

Alice Eastwood was fond of reciting, “I count my age by
friends, not years—and I am rich in friends.” The list which fol-
lows includes the names of 101 people, most of whom she num-
bered among her friends. Her cordial, warm-hearted devotion
to the friends it pleased her to honor is manifested many times
in the dedicatory notes accompanying the descriptions she
wrote of the new plants they brought to her or assisted her in
discovering, often in remote places.

While the names of many distinguished men and women are
encountered here, it is especially noteworthy that others may
be described as ardent nature lovers who found joy in visiting
the fields and woods and in carrying home interesting plant
specimens, for study and identification.

At the end of each biographical sketch we give the plant name
(or names) pertaining to the person concerned. Except for seven
type specimens found in other herbaria,* the types on which
these names rest are deposited in the California Academy of
Sciences.

The facts presented here have been assembled at the request
of John Thomas Howell, Curator of Botany, California Acad-
emy of Sciences. He in turn had received from Joseph Ewan,
Associate Professor of Botany at Tulane University, New Or-
leans, the suggestion that such a compilation be undertaken
before a lapse of time had raised too many difficulties. Both of
these friends have given valuable help in various ways in the
search for elusive information. The deepest appreciation should
be expressed to them and to the many others, too numerous to
mention individually, without whose help many necessary facts
could not have been secured. We are grateful especially to the
California State Library for valuable help graciously given.

*These are types of Aristolochia Nelsonii, Castilleja Palmeri, C. Nelsonii, Diospyros
Palmeri, Lupinus Tracyi, Orthocarpus Brownii, and Veronica Copelandii. Data pertaining
to the types in the California Academy of Sciences have been published by Mr. Howell in
the Wasmann Collector in 1948 and 1949 and in the Wasmann Journal of Biology in 1950-53.

84 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

While every effort has been exerted to make the list complete,
there is always the possibility that some person has been over-
looked in a reference that has eluded us. Where complete data
on birth and death do not appear, it is because the information
has not been found.

Assott, Dr. Epwin Kirk. Physician; born in Hartley, Canada, 27
Dec. 1840, died in Monterey, Calif., 11 June 1917. Graduate of Ann
Arbor Medical School; early resident of Salinas, Calif., where he es-
tablished the first drug store and maintained it for 34 years; served
the county as weather observer for 40 years and rendered other public
services; his favorite study was botany and he was an ardent collector
of plants, especially in Monterey Co.; his herbarium was given to the
Calif. Acad. Sci. by Mrs. Abbott after the doctor’s death. Malvastrum
Abbottii.

ApAms, Mary (Mrs. Peter Peacock). Pioneer of Del Norte Co., Calif.;
born in Waldo, Oregon, 16 May 1861, died at Adams Station, Del
Norte Co., Calif., 13 July 1942. Moved to Gasquet Flat on the Crescent
City-Grants Pass road in 1890; established Adams Station in 1898;
married Peter Peacock, a popular stage-driver, 1908, but continued to
be known as “Aunt Mary Adams.” From Alice Eastwood we learn that
she was a greatly respected woman who sent travelers on their way
with much material for happy memories. Anemone Adamsiana, Valeri-
ana Adamsiana.

Atvorp, WILLIAM. Business man; born in Albany, N. Y., 3 Jan. 1833,
died in San Francisco, Calif., 21 Dec. 1904. Early president of the Calif.
Acad. Sci.; Mayor of San Francisco 1871; Park Commissioner 1873-82;
largely responsible for the early development of Golden Gate Park.
He gave continuously and unselfishly of his services and wealth to pro-
mote the public good. Charter member of Calif. Bot. Club. Quercus
Alvordiana.

AUSTIN, CAROLA JOSEPHINE. See Bruce, Mrs. Charles Clinton.

AusTIN, Mrs. ReseccA Merritt (Mrs. James Thomas Austin). Bot-
anist; born in Cumberland Co., Kentucky, 10 Mar. 1832, died in Chico,
Calif., 14 Mar. 1919. Began her studies of native plants in the area
around Quincy, Calif., in 1866; earliest experiments were with Dar-
lingtonia californica; owned her first hand lens in 1875; first plant col-
lector in Modoc Co., Calif.; explored Shasta, Tehama, Plumas, and
Lassen cos. in Calif. and the southern Cascade Mts. in Ore. Jepson has
called her the finest and most outstanding type of pioneer woman bot-
anist in Calif. Nemophila Austinae, Symphoricarpos Austinae.

AUSTIN, STAFFORD WALLACE. Business man, lawyer; born in Hilo,
T. H., 16 May 1861, died in Los Angeles, Calif., 12 Sept. 1931. Col-
lected plants in Inyo Co., Calif., while County Superintendent of
Schools (1895-98), and next as Registrar in U. S. Land Office at Inde-

JANUARY, 1957] BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES 85

pendence; identified with the discovery of potash at Trona and was
later manager of Los Angeles office of Amer. Potash and Chem. Corp.,
or its predecessor, 1919-29; practiced law in San Francisco, 1906-09.
Penstemon Austint.

BAILEY, VERNON ORLANDO. Biologist; born in Manchester, Mich.,
21 June 1864, died in Washington, D. C., 20 Apr. 1942. Famous nat-
uralist; member of the Death Valley Expedition, 1890-91; one time
chief field naturalist of U. S. Biol. Surv. under C. Hart Merriam: au-
thor of many valuable scientific works. Campanula Baileyi.

Baker, MILo SAMUEL. Educator, botanist; born in Strawberry Point,
Iowa, 19 July 1868, now resides near Kenwood, Sonoma Co., Calif.
Life-long student of the genus Viola; a pioneer explorer of Modoc
Co., Calif.; for many years professor of biology in Santa Rosa Junior
College; brought to the attention of botanists generally the remarkable
Pitkin Marsh, Sonoma Co., Calif. He has been most generous in sup-
plying specimens to specialists and has donated many specimens, in-
cluding isotypes of new taxa based on his collections, to the Calif. Acad.
Sci. and other institutions. Arctostaphylos Bakeri.

BARNEBY, RUPERT CHARLES. Amateur botanist; born in Abergavenny,
Monmouth, England, 6 Oct. 1911, now a resident of Wappingers Falls,
N. Y. Most of his collections have been made with (Harry) Dwight
Ripley (born in London, England, 23 Oct. 1908). Together they have
specialized in floristic studies of desert and semidesert areas in Europe,
northern Africa, and North America where they have re-collected many
rare plants and discovered a number of new ones. They have most
generously given Calif. Acad. Sci. specimens of their American collec-
tions. Mr. Barneby is well known for his scholarly studies in the vast
and difficult genus Astragalus. Castilleja Barnebyana.

Berry, SENECA LUCIEN. Engineer; born in Mt. Vernon, Ind., 1 June
1869, died in Sunnyvale, Calif., 16 Mar. 1923. Mr. Berry, Pierson Dur-
brow, and Benjamin Brooks were Alice Eastwood’s companions in
1899 when they explored the South Fork of Kings River and Bubbs
Creek, proceeding as far as Harrison and Kearsarge passes. In 1901
with Dr. Kasper Pischel and Carlos Hittell, he assisted her on a pioneer-
botanical exploration of the Trinity Alps region which the party en-
tered by Canyon Creek. Miss Eastwood records the fact that “without
his assistance the trip to this inaccessible region would have been un-
successful.” Convolvulus Berryi, Penstemon Berryi, Polemonium
Berryt.

Brovetti, Dr. FREDERIC THEODORE. Viticulturist; born in Liverpool,
England, 21 July 1865, died in Redwood City, Calif., 12 Sept. 1939.
Graduate of Univ. Calif., Berkeley, where he studied under Edward
L. Greene, whom he greatly admired; Prof. of Viticulture, College of
Agriculture, Univ. Calif., specializing in grapes and olives; world au-
thority on wine; helped build the Calif. wine industry; contributor to
L. H. Bailey’s Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. Mimulus Biolettt.

86 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

BLAISDELL, Dr. FRANK ELLSworTH. Physician, entomologist, “able
naturalist’; born in Pittsfield, N. H., 13 Mar. 1862, died in Watson-
ville, Calif., 6 July 1946. An enthusiastic collector of native plants who
gave many specimens to the Calif. Acad. Herbarium, including a val-
uable Alaskan collection; Professor of Surgery, Stanford University,
at the time of his retirement in 1927; Research Associate in Entomol-
ogy Dept., Calif. Acad. Sci., where he gave his very important collec-
tion of Coleoptera. Cardamine Blaisdellii, Delphinium Blaisdellii, Lu-
pinus Blaisdellit.

BLOCHMAN, Mrs. IpA May TwitcuHe.t (Mrs. Lazar E. Blochman).
Educator; born in Bangor, Me., 11 Apr. 1854, died in Berkeley, Calif.,
1 Aug. 1931. Eighteen years a teacher in the Santa Maria Valley, Calif.,
where she did much to make known the plants of that region; became
a resident of Berkeley in 1909 and conducted weekly classes in botany
at the College Women’s Club; once a member of the Berkeley Board
of Education. Sedum Blochmanae, Sphacele Blochmanae.

BowMan, FRANCES AGNES. School teacher; born in Shanghai, China,
22 Aug. 1873, died in San Francisco, Calif., 16 Apr. 1931. Came to San
Francisco when one year old and was educated there; graduated from
Stanford University in 1896 where she majored in botany; her interest
in botany, and in a beautiful garden, continued through many years
while she taught school in San Francisco; at one time she assisted
Alice Eastwood in the herbarium, donating her services. Both she and
her mother, Mary C. Bowman, were charter members of the Calif. Bot.
Club and both brought many specimens to the Academy. Navarretia
Bowmanae.

BRANDEGEE, Mrs. KATHARINE (Mary Katharine Layne, Dr. M. K.
Curran, Mrs. T. S. Brandegee). Botanist; born in w. Tenn., 28 Oct.
1844, died in Berkeley, Calif., 3 Apr. 1920. Spent childhood in Sierra
Nevada foothills, Eldorado Co., Calif.; married Hugh Curran who died
when she was 30; then began study of medicine, graduating from Univ.
Calif. in 1878; began study and collection of plants at Calif. Acad. Sci.
in 1882 and gave up her small practice to become Curator of Botany
there in 1883, the next decade spent in that service; married T. S.
Brandegee in San Diego in 1889 and walked with him to San Francisco,
botanizing all the way; founded biological publication Zoe that was
financed by her husband; organized and led the Calif. Bot. Club in
1891; persuaded Alice Eastwood to join the Academy staff as joint
Curator of Botany in 1892, leaving the entire curatorship to Miss East-
wood when the Brandegees moved to San Diego in 1894; during
the last 14 years of her life she worked in the Univ. Calif. herbar-
ium at Berkeley, refusing compensation, “content to feel she had con-
tributed her quota toward a better knowledge of the flora of Califor-
nia.” A remarkable woman. Lupinus Layneae.

BRANDEGEE, TOWNSHEND STITH. Civil engineer, botanist; born in Ber-
lin, Conn., “two days after St. Valentine’s Day” in 1843, died in Berke-

JANUARY, 1957] BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES 87

ley, Calif., 7 Apr. 1925. Surveyed extensively for the railroads, mainly
in Colorado, after graduation from Yale; botany at once became his
avocation, and in time became his only study and life work; visited
Calif. in 1886-87, and thereafter lived there; joined Calif. Acad.
Sci. and, at the end of May, 1889, married its Curator of Botany, Mrs.
M. K. Curran; charter member of Calif. Bot. Club; appointed Hon-
orary Curator when he and Mrs. Brandegee gave to Univ. Calif. their
extremely valuable herbarium and library in 1906; worked in the
Berkeley herbarium for the next nineteen years, accepting no compen-
sation. A remarkable man. Fritillaria Brandeget, Lupinus Brandegei,
Nemophila Brandegei, Ribes Brandeget.

Brooks, BENJAMIN. Engineer; born in San Francisco, Calif., 26 Nov.
1876, and still a resident of that city. Accompanied Alice Eastwood,
together with Pierson Durbrow and Lucien Berry, when she explored
the South Fork of Kings River in 1899; the only plants interesting to
him were in the form of “good grass and clover for the burros.”’ Mr.
Brooks believes Miss Eastwood was the first woman to scale Mt. Stan-
ford. His father, Wm. Brooks, left Brooklyn when four months old and
celebrated his first birthday in San Francisco in 1849. Castilleja
Brooksii.

Brown, H. E. Plant collector. As early as 1890 but not after 1897,
Mr. Brown collected plant specimens in the Mt. Shasta-Mt. Eddy re-
gion of California and on the Mendocino Co. coast in May and June,
1898. He prepared sets of duplicates for sale that were advertized by a
printed list and, according to William Bridge Cooke (Amer. Mid]. Nat.
26: 80,—1941), there is a complete set of Brown’s plants as well as the
printed list at the N. Y. Bot. Gard. Probably many of his collections
were determined by Alice Eastwood at the Calif. Acad. Sci. A memo-
randum in the Jepson Herb. library, Univ. Calif., suggests that Mr.
Brown may have been a storekeeper in Mt. Shasta City (Sissons), Calif.
Further details are lacking. Lathyrus Brownti, Orthocarpus Brownit.

Bruce, Mrs. CHARLES CLINTON (Carola Josephine Austin). Botanist
and collector; born in Butterfly Valley near Quincy, Plumas Co., Calif.,
24 May 1865, died in Oakland, Calif., 31 Aug. 1931, buried in Chico,
Calif. According to her son, Chester Austin Bruce of Chico, Mrs.
Bruce’s botanical activities were restricted to south central Oregon and
to Butte, Plumas, Lassen, and Modoc counties in California where
she collected flowers, seeds, roots, and bulbs; dealt with Luther Bur-
bank, Carl Purdy, F. H. Harsford at Charlotte, Vt., Smithsonian Insti-
tution, and Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, England. Plants collected
by Mrs. Bruce and named by Miss Eastwood for her and for her and
her mother (Rebecca Merritt Austin) are Cynoglossum Austinae and
Scutellaria Austinae.

CAMPBELL, Mrs. MARIAN Louise (Waldron). Born in Jackson, Mich.,
19 Mar. 1865, now residing in Saratoga, Calif. Early member of the
Calif. Bot. Club. Following the 1906 fire, when Alice Eastwood re-

88 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

turned to Calif. Acad. Sci. to build a new herbarium, Mrs. Campbell,
who had recently moved to Calif., volunteered her assistance. During
World War I she was employed as mounter in the herbarium. She
recalls her elation when specimen No. 1000 had been mounted. And
she adds, “to those of us who were there, this early time was a most
enthusiastic and delightful period.” Lupinus Campbellae.

CAMPBELL, Mrs. WILLIAM WALLACE (Elizabeth Ballard). Born in
Grand Rapids, Mich., 24 June 1869, now residing in Pasadena, Calif.
Prior to his selection as President of Univ. Calif., the late Dr. Campbell
was Director of Lick Observatory, Mt. Hamilton, Calif. While residing
there, Mrs. Campbell found leisure moments to observe and enjoy the
plants of that most interesting region, one of which is the manzanita
named by Miss Eastwood. The members of her family rejoice in the
fact that she has enjoyed a wonderfully useful and full life. Arcto-
staphylos Campbellae.

Cannon, EveLina. Music teacher, botanical collector. After meeting
with success as a music teacher in New York, she moved to San Fran-
cisco, becoming a charter member of the Calif. Bot. Club and a very
active amateur collector, especially in and around San Francisco. Be-
fore the San Francisco Fire she was employed by Miss Eastwood as an
assistant in the Calif. Acad. Sci. herbarium. Her valuable herbarium
was the first to be donated to the Academy after the fire. Miss Cannon
having died a few years before, the gift was from Miss Carrington, her
niece. Further details are lacking. Helianthella Cannonae.

CANTELOW, Mrs. HERBERT CLaIR (Ella Dales Miles). Amateur col-
lector and long-time member of Calif. Bot. Club; born in San Fran-
cisco, Calif., 12 Sept. 1875, now residing in Berkeley, Calif. Long an
enthusiastic collector of native plants; was made a life member of the
Calif. Acad. Sci. in 1942 in appreciation of plants collected in Ariz.,
Nev., Wyo., Utah, Idaho, and Colo., and given to the herbarium; do-
nated her private herbarium to the Academy in 1947. Lupinus Dalesae.

CLEMENS, Mrs. Mary Stronc (wife of Rev. Joseph Clemens). Botan-
ical collector; born in Cochecton Center, N. Y., 3 Jan. 1873, now
residing in Brisbane, Australia. Her earliest collections were made in
Colo., Wyo., Mont., Utah, and Calif.; later, collected extensively in
Philippines, Borneo, Australia, New Guinea, etc.; fearlessly explored
the wildest regions, unattended; was collecting in New Guinea when
the Japanese invaded that little-known island. All of her earnings from
collections and all of her properties have been given to charity. Cas-
tilleja Clementis, Galium Clementis.

Concpon, JosEPH WHIPPLE. Attorney, plant collector; born in Pom-
fret, Conn., 12 Apr. 1834, died in Waterman, Wash., 5 Apr. 1910.
Practiced law in San Francisco, Calif.; collected extensively, particu-
larly in Sonoma and Mariposa cos., Calif. His private herbarium is
now at Univ. of Minnesota. Garrya Congdoni, Nemophila Congdoni,
Sedum Congdoni.

JANUARY, 1957] BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES 89

Coomss, Mrs. A. L. A friend or possibly only a botanical cor-
respondent of Alice Eastwood. Miss Eastwood recounted that Mrs.
Coombs accompanied her husband on fishing trips and occupied her
time collecting plants while he angled. That the Coombs-Eastwood
correspondence extended from before the San Francisco Fire until
after the Calif. Acad. Sci. was reéstablished may be judged from the
citation of a Coombs collection from Baird, Shasta Co., Calif., under
Scutellaria Austinae in 1903 (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 30: 494) and from
the Coombs collection with which we deal here made on the William-
son River, Ore., in 1913. Further details are lacking. Streptanthus
Coombsae.

CorELAND, Dr. EpwiIn BINGHAM. Botanist; born in Monroe, Wis.,
30 Sept. 1873, now a resident of Berkeley, Calif. Graduate of Stanford
Univ. with pioneer class of 1895; botanist of U. S. Philippine Com-
mission, 1903; Curator of Herbarium, Univ. Calif., Berkeley, 1928-32;
world authority on ferns and author of Genera Filicum. Erigeron
Copelandi, Gentiana Copelandi, Orthocarpus Copelandi, Veronica
Copeland, Vicia Copelandi.

CovitLE, Dr. FREDERICK VERNON. Botanist; born in Preston, N. Y.,
23 Mar. 1867, died in Washington, D. C., 9 Jan. 1937. Taught botany
at Cornell, 1887-88; botanist U. S. Dept. Agriculture, 1888-93; Curator,
U. S. National Herbarium, 1893-1937; botanist on the Death Valley
Expedition and author of its famous Botany; joint author of Stand-
ardized Plant Names; awarded George Robert White Medal of Honor
by Mass. Hort. Society, 1931. Eriogonum Covilleanum, Salix Covillei.

Curran, Dr. M. K. See Brandegee, Mrs. Katharine.

CusHINnG, SypNEY Bartow. Banker, railroad builder; born in Jack-
son, Amador Co., Calif., 8 Mar. 1856, died in Mill Valley, Calif., 30
Sept. 1909. Took the lead in promoting, building, and operating the
Mt. Tamalpais Railroad, sometimes called “the crookedest railroad
in the world”; was first president of the owning company. Arctostaphy-
los Cushingiana.

Cusick, WILLIAM CoNnkKLIN. Farmer, explorer, botanical collector;
born in Adams Co., IIl., 21 Feb. 1842, died in Union, Oregon, 7 Oct.
1922. Made famous in botanical world by his collections and feats of
exploration, especially in eastern Oregon. Collected in sets of twelve,
found purchasers for many of them; sold his private herbarium to
Univ. Ore. in 1913. Crepis Cusickit.

Cuter, Dr. Hucu Carson. Botanist; born in Milwaukee, Wis., 8
Sept. 1912, now a resident of St. Louis, Mo. Associated with Bot. Mus.
at Harvard, 1941-47; field technician Rubber Development Corp. in
Brazil, 1943-45; Curator of Economic Botany, Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus.,
1947; presently Associate Director, Missouri Bot. Gard., St. Louis, Mo.
Has contributed articles on taxonomy and economic botany to tech-
nical journals. Lupinus Cutlert.

90 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

DaiLey, ANNA E. In the summer of 1896, less than four years after
Miss Eastwood “came to California to stay,” Miss Dailey collected an
interesting Aquilegia at Evergreen, on Bear Creek, Colo. She had
“noted it growing there for several years,” and sent it to Miss Eastwood
for identification. Biographical details are lacking. Aquilegia caerulea
var. Daileyae.

DupbLey, CHESTER Davip. Cattleman, amateur botanical collector.
Born in Humboldt Co., Calif., 10 Sept. 1868, died in Turlock, Calif.,
4 Aug. 1947. An enthusiastic collector of our native flora who donated
many appreciated specimens to Calif. Acad. Sci. His botanical library
was given to the Academy by Mrs. Dudley after his death. Malvastrum
Dudleyi, Streptanthus Dudleyi.

Duran, Victor (GERSHON). Photographer, amateur botanist; born in
London, England, 31 Mar. 1897, now residing in Berkeley, Calif. Best
known botanically for his collections from the east side of the Sierra
Nevada and from the White Mts.; Alice Eastwood has recorded the fact
that his specimens were always good and from localities where but little
collecting had been done; at present, Biological Photographer, Univ.
Calif., Berkeley. Lupinus Durani.

Dursrow, Mr. AND Mrs. Pierson. He was born in San Francisco,
Calif., 16 Jan. 1867, died in San Francisco, 11 July 1948, an insurance
broker. She was born Elizabeth Dodge in San Francisco, 9 Nov. 1866,
died in San Francisco, 9 Oct. 1948. He, with Benjamin Brooks and
S. L. Berry, accompanied Alice Eastwood on her pioneer botanical
exploration of South Fork of Kings River in 1899. Both were life-long
lovers of native and exotic flowers. Aster Durbrowi (named in his
honor), Vicia Durbrowi (named in their honor).

EVERMANN, Dr. BARTON WarREN. Ichthyologist; born in Albia, Iowa,
24 Oct. 1853, died in Berkeley, Calif., 27 Sept. 1932. World authority
on fishes; published many works of great importance on New World
fishes; U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, 1888-1914; Director of the Museum,
Calif. Acad. Sci., 1914-1932; under his directorship the North American
Hall, Steinhart Aquarium, and African Hall were built and fruitful
expeditions were completed. Nemophila Evermanni.

Ewan, JosePpH ANDoRFER. Botanist, biographer, bibliographer; born
in Philadelphia, Pa., 24 Oct. 1909, now Assoc. Prof. Botany, Tulane
University, New Orleans, La. Author of “Rocky Mountain Natural-
ists” and many reviews, monographs, and papers covering a wide
range of botanical, historical, and related subjects; has collected widely
but chiefly in Calif., Colo., and in S. Amer. Castilleja Ewani.

Fo.tett, Mr. ano Mrs. W. I. Attorneys; he was born in Newark,
N. J., 10 Mar. 1901, she was born in Hemet, Calif., 26 July 1902; they
now live in Oakland, Calif., and both practice law there and in the
San Francisco Bay area. Mr. Follett has for years been Curator of
Ichthyology, Calif. Acad. Sci., as an avocation. Both have long been

JANUARY, 1957] BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES ot

interested in native flora and have brought interesting material to
Univ. Calif. and Calif. Acad. Sci. Mrs. Follett (Evelyn Follett) is now
President of Queen’s Bench, an organization of women lawyers and
judges, dedicated to educational activities. Valeriana Follettiana.

GIFFoRD, Pror. Epwarp WINSsLOow. Anthropologist; born in Oakland,
Calif., 14 Aug. 1887, now residing in San Francisco, Calif. Assistant
Curator, Dept. of Ornithology, Calif. Acad. Sci., 1904-12; author of
“Birds of the Galapagos Islands”; anthropologist at Univ. Calif., Berke-
ley, Calif., where he is Emeritus Professor. Asclepias Giffordi.

GoLpsTEIN, LuTIE DEBorAH. Philanthropist, patron of music, nature
lover; born in San Francisco, Calif., 9 June 1866, died in San Francisco,
16 Apr. 1955. Her pioneer father came to San Francisco in 1852; early
member of Calif. Bot. Club and one of Alice Eastwood’s devoted ad-.
mirers. Lathyrus Goldsteinae.

GranT, Dr. ADELE LEwis. Botanist, educator; born in Carpinteria,
Calif., 3 July 1881, now residing in Los Angeles, Calif. Instructor in
Botany, Cornell Univ., 1920-26; Lecturer, Univ. S. Africa, 1926-30;
Asst. Prof., Washington Univ., St. Louis, Mo., 1930-31; many years as
lecturer in botany and nature study, Univ. S. Calif., retired there in
1952; now teaching botany part time; author of a monograph on the
genus Mimulus. Mimulus Grantianus.

GREENE, Pror. Epwarp LEz. Clergyman, professor, botanist, born in
Hopkinton, R. 1., 20 Aug. 1843, died in Washington, D. C., 10 Nov.
1915. Episcopal minister, 1871-85, in Colo., N. Mex., Calif.; collected
extensively, becoming an expert field botanist, in that period; became
associated with Univ. Calif., 1885; Prof. of Botany, 1893, and founder
of the Dept. of Botany; Prof. of Botany, Catholic Univ. Amer., 1895-;
Assoc. in Bot., Smithsonian Institution; strongly influenced the de-
velopment of systematic botany in America; publisher of Pittonia,
founder of Erythea, author of many works and papers; left 4,000 choice
books and 100,000 mounted specimens to Notre Dame Univ. Delphin-
ium Greenet.

GRINNELL, Dr. Forpyce. Entomologist; born in Pine Ridge, S. Dak.,
17 June 1882, died in San Francisco, Calif., 20 July 1943. Earned his
degree in entomology at Stanford Univ.; an extensive traveler who once
taught English in the Philippines. As a young man, collected and gave
to the Calif. Acad. Sci. many valuable Calif. plants. Hieractum Grin-
nellii, Penstemon Grinnellit.

HALeEy, Dr. Grorce. Biologist, explorer, teacher; born in Brown-
field, Me., 27 Nov. 1870, died in Berkeley, Calif., 1 Apr. 1954. For
many years Prof. of Botany and Biology, Univ. San Francisco; taught
school in many states, Japan, and Alaska; half of his estate was left
to the Univ. San Francisco, the other half has established a memorial
endowment for the Calif. Acad. Sci. Botany Dept. Dr. Haley and his

OZ LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

wife are buried on St. Paul Island, where both had taught school and
endeared themselves to the Pribilof Aleuts. Stephanomeria Haleyt.

HA.i, Dr. Harvey Monrog. Botanist; born in Lee Co., Ill., 29 Mar.
1874, died in Washington, D. C., 11 Mar. 1932. Prof. of Botany, Univ.
Calif.; later staff member, Carnegie Inst. Washington; one-time mem-
ber Calif. Acad. Sci. Council; pioneer in experimental taxonomy;
authority in Compositae: Haplopappus, Madieae, etc. — Malvastrum
Hallit.

He.tier, Dr. AMos ArTHuR. Botanist, teacher; born on a farm in
Montour Co., Pa., 21 Mar. 1867, died in Vacaville, Calif., 18 May 1944.
Founder and publisher of journal Muhlenbergia which he printed by
hand and which was illustrated with pen and ink drawings by his wife,
Emily Gertrude Halbach Heller; collected extensively in Pennsylvania,
Texas, and Western States, also in Hawaii and Puerto Rico; came to
Calif. to live in Apr. 1902; retired as instructor at Chico High School.

‘About 1913 he sold his herbarium of 10,000 sheets to the Brooklyn
Botanic Garden; the Univ. Wash., Seattle, purchased his library and
second herbarium after his death. Malvastrum Helleri, Arctostaphylos
Hellert.

HENDERSON, Louts ForNIQUET. Botanist; born in Roxbury, Mass., 17
Sept. 1853, burial services held in Tacoma, Wash., 18 June 1942. An
early and important collector in Idaho; original herbarium lost in
Univ. Idaho fire but duplicates are in Gray Herb. and elsewhere; once
Curator of Botany, Univ. Oregon; did much to further our knowledge
of western flora. Lupinus Hendersont.

HICKMAN, JOHN Bate. Teacher, horticulturist; born in Oxford, Eng-
land, 1848, died in Watsonville, Calif., 4 Feb. 1929. He taught school at
Caneros Canyon on the Natividad road in the San Miguel Hills in
Monterey Co., Calif., and spent his spare time and vacations searching
that area and Monterey Bay area for interesting plants; sent some to
Prof. Greene, Univ. Calif., Berkeley, and some to Calif. Acad. Sci.
Allium Hickmani, Potentilla Hickmani.

Hitrett, CHARLES (CaRLos) Jacos. Artist; born in San Francisco,
Calif., 4 Aug. 1861, died in Monterey, Calif., 30 Mar. 1938. With Lucien
Berry and Dr. Kasper Pischel, he assisted Alice Eastwood in her botani-
cal pioneering in the Trinity Alps wilderness in 1901. Studied exten-
sively in Germany and France and was a professional painter the
rest of his life. Ribes Hittellianum.

HorFrMANN, RALPH. Ornithologist, botanist; born in Stockbridge,
Mass., 30 Nov. 1870, died on San Miguel Island off Santa Barbara,
Calif., July 1932. Author of books on birds of New England, New York,
and Pacific States; Director, Santa Barbara Museum of Nat. Hist. at
time of death. He was perhaps more intimately connected with the
flora of the Santa Barbara Islands, Calif., than any other botanist.
Castilleja Hoffmannt, Gilia Hoffmanni.

JANUARY, 1957] BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES 93

Howe LL, JoHN Tuomas. Botanist; born in Merced, Calif., 6 Nov.
1903, now a resident of San Francisco, Calif. Graduate, Univ. Calif.,
Berkeley, 1926; botanist at Rancho Santa Ana Botanical Garden be-
fore becoming associated with Calif. Acad. Sci. in 1929; Assistant Cur-
ator of Botany there, 1930-1949, succeeding Alice Eastwood as Curator,
1949; botanist on Templeton Crocker Expedition to Galapagos Islands,
1932; author of “Marin Flora” and numerous papers; with Alice East-
wood, founder of journal, Leaflets of Western Botany, and present
owner and publisher; president of Calif. Bot. Club. Allium Howellit,
Arctostaphylos Howellii, Brodiaea Howellii, Castilleja Howellii, Mal-
vastrum Howellit.

JARED, Dr. Lorenzo Dow. Physician, plant collector; born near
Abingdon, Ill., 6 Aug. 1832, died in Santa Barbara Co., Calif., 3 Aug.
1909. Pioneer physician and surgeon of San Luis Obispo Co., Calif.,
where he lived in Estrella from 1883 to 1894; well known for his dili-
gent collection and study of the flora; sent novel specimens to Asa
Gray, and later, to California botanists; after many years he compiled
a manuscript list of the native plants of that region. Navarretia Jaredi,
Peucedanum Jaredi.

Jasper, Mrs. WILLIAM. It appears that Mrs. Jasper collected in the
San Emigdio Canyon, Kern Co., Calif., in May, 1895. She may have
been a guest at the San Emigdio Ranch, then owned by the Tevis
family. Miss Eastwood collected there in the spring, 1893, according
to Carol Green Wilson’s biography (pp. 51, 52) and she may have met
Mrs. Jasper in that area then. Biographical details are lacking. Ribes
ascendens var. Jasperae.

Jerson, Dr. WILLIs LINN. Botanist, educator; born near Vacaville,
Calif., 19 Aug. 1867, died in Berkeley, Calif., 7 Nov. 1946. One of the
chief interpreters of Calif. flora; devoted half a century to systematic
hotany at Univ. Calif., Berkeley; editor of Erythea and author of many
scientific books and papers; founder of Calif. Bot. Society and its jour-
nal, Madrofio. Arctostaphylos Jepsont.

Joxunson, ANDREW JOHN. Botanist-nurseryman; born in Sunne Warm-
land, Sweden, 1853, died in Portland, Oregon, 1903. Went to Astoria,
Oregon, via San Francisco as a young man; established a nursery there,
1890; collected shrubs and trees from many countries; while in the
service of the state of Oregon he mapped many of that state’s forests;
developed a marked interest in native flora. Nemophila Johnsoni.

Jones, Marcus EuGENE. Botanist, explorer, mining consultant; born
in Jefferson, Ohio, 25 Apr. 1852, died in San Bernardino, Calif.,
3 June 1934. During fifty years he botanized from Washington to cen-
tral Mexico, on foot, horseback, bicycle, and in later years, in a “model
T Ford”; studies began in 1876; resident of Claremont, Calif., after
1923; monographer of N. Amer. Astragalus; publisher of Contributions
to Western Botany; charter member of Calif. Bot. Club. His excep-

94 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

tionally valuable herbarium was purchased by Pomona College. Cycla-
denia Jonesii.

JusseL, MARTIN Stmon. Teacher; born near Eagle, Neb., 4 Nov. 1877,
now living in Oakland, Calif. Graduate of Univ. Neb., 1910; moved
to Calif., 1912; to Oakland, 1922; taught at various times at Lowell,
Polytechnic, and Mission High schools in San Francisco, 17 years a
teacher at Polytechnic; retired, 1946. Through the years, Mr. Jussel has
been an enthusiastic collector of Calif. flora. Castilleja Jusselit.

Ke._occ, Dr. ALBERT. Botanist, physician; born in New Hartford,
Conn., 6 Dec. 1813, died in Alameda, Calif., 31 Mar. 1887. Voyaged
to Calif. “around the Horn,” arriving in Sacramento, 8 Aug. 1849;
removed to San Francisco in time to be one of seven men who founded
Calif. Acad. Sci. in Apr., 1853; his personal botanizing began in earnest
in Alaska, 1867. None was more intimately associated with Calif. bot-
any in the twenty-year period ending in his death. Many of his papers
he illustrated with excellent drawings. Nemophila Kelloggit.

Kerr, Mark E. Botanical collector; born in Ireland, 1883, died at
Pearl Harbor, T. H., 29 Apr. 1950. Long a resident of Independence,
Inyo Co., Calif., where he was well known for his active interest in the
Boy Scout movement, mountaineering, Indian welfare, natural history,
and especially in the native flora. Awarded Distinguished Service Cross,
World War I; left Inyo Co. early in World War II to participate in
war work in Hawaii, at which time he gave his herbarium to Calif.
Acad. Sci. To the end, his chief interest was in native plants. Lupinus
Kerrit.

KuscHe, JoHN Aucust. Natural history collector, particularly in
entomology. Born in Germany in 1869, died in San Francisco, Calif.,
3 Mar. 1934. Made extensive collections in remote South Pacific and
Arctic regions, Alaska, Arizona, Hawaiian Islands, and elsewhere; con-
tributed many valuable specimens to collections at Univ. Calif., Berke-
ley, Calif. Acad. Sci., and other museums. Arenaria Kuschei, Castilleja
Kuschet, Erigeron Kuschei, Lupinus Kuschei.

LANSDALE, Mrs. PHILIP VAN Horne (Ethel Shipley Smith). Nature
lover, philanthropist, conservationist; born in San Francisco, Calif.,
23 Sept. 1871, where she still resides. A lover of beautiful gardens,
whether creations of God or of man and active in movements to con-
serve them; the redwood grove dedicated to her husband and father
was one of the first memorial groves to be established. She is one of
the many who recognized the worth and ability of Alice Eastwood and
became her devoted friend. Iris Lansdaleana.

Layne, Mary KATHARINE. See Brandegee, Mrs. Katharine.

LEMMON, JOHN GILL. Botanist, botanical collector, erstwhile teacher;
born in Lima, Mich., 2 Jan. 1832, died in Oakland, Calif., 24 Nov.
1908. Taught in Mich. public schools; escaped death by a narrow
margin in the Civil War; in 1866 convalesced in Sierra Valley, Calif.,

JANUARY, 1957] BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES 95

after suffering in Andersonville Prison; botanized that area for 8
years and taught briefly in Sierraville; moved to Oakland, Calif., in
1880 and botanized actively from there; made notable early botanical
explorations in Ariz., 1880-84, and in the vicinity of Cholame, San
Luis Obispo Co., Calif., in the late 1880's; botanist, Calif. State Board
of Forestry, 1888-92; his wife, Sara Allen Plummer (born in New
Gloucester, Me., in 1836, died in Calif., 16 Jan. 1929), equally zealous
in botany, accompanied him on his botanical trips. The Lemmon
Herb., rich in early records, now at Univ. Calif., Berkeley. Oreocarya
Lemmoni.

LESTER, GERTRUDE ELLEN. See Rowntree, Mrs. Lester.

Macoun, Joun. Canadian naturalist; born in Marlin, County Down,
Ireland, 17 Apr. 1831, died in Sidney, B. C., Canada, 18 July 1920.
Prof. of Botany and Geology, Albert College, Belleville, Canada, 1868;
entered Canadian government service, 1879; botanist to Canadian
Geological and Natural History Survey; assistant director of the Sur-
vey, 1887; author of several books and numerous scientific papers and
reports. Oreocarya Macouni.

McCracken, Dr. IsaBeL. Entomologist, educator; born in Oakland,
Calif., 27 Dec. 1866, died at Stanford Univ., 29 Oct. 1955. Professor of
Entomology, Stanford Univ., where she achieved eminence and was
highly respected; Research Associate at Calif. Acad. Sci., a specialist
in Hymenoptera; accompanied Miss Eastwood and Mr. Howell on
many of their collecting trips. Lupinus Isabelianus.

McDona_p, Cart. JAMES Monroe. Capitalist, philanthropist; born
in Washington Co., Kentucky, 10 July 1825, died in San Francisco,
Calif., 7 June 1907. “At an early age he crossed the plains with the
first of the gold seekers to California” (S. F. Chronicle). It was in appre-
ciation of his generosity in making possible the publication of Prof.
Edward Lee Greene’s book, West American Oaks, that Alice Eastwood
named a new species in his honor. He was one of three who gave the
Ricksecker collection of Coleoptera to Univ. Calif. in 1881. Arabis
McDonaldiana.

MerrIAM, Dr. CLINTON Hart. Biologist, author; born in New York,
N. Y., 5 Dec. 1855, died in Berkeley, Calif., 19 Mar. 1942. Best known
botanically as the one who established the life zone concept in the
1890’s; founder and one-time Chief of the U. S. Bureau of Biological
Survey; author of many scientific natural history books and papers;
founder and member of Board of Trustees, National Geographic So-
ciety, 1888; eminent scientist. Chrysoma Merriami, Heuchera Mer-
riami.

MexiA, Ynes (Mrs. Augustin A. de Reygadas). Botanical explorer,
lecturer; born in Georgetown, Washington, D. C., 24 May 1870, died
in Berkeley, Calif., 12 July 1938. Granddaughter of José Antonio
Mexia, a Mexican general under Santa Anna; early childhood spent in

96 LEAFLETS OF. WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

Texas where the family owned vast acreage upon which the town of
Mexia is now located; resided in San Francisco during last thirty years
of her life; began collecting in 1922; explored and collected extensively
in Mexico, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile; made
the first general collection in Mt. McKinley Nat. Park, Alaska, in
1928; total collections about 150,000 specimens. Castilleja Mexiae.

MILLIKEN, EDWARD REDINGTON. Attorney; born in Maynard, Mass.,
9 July 1881, died in Pasadena, Calif., 27 July 1956. Following his
graduation from Pomona College in 1904, he and his classmate, James
D. Culbertson, undertook the collection of Sierra Nevada plants at
the request of Prof. C. F. Baker; graduated from Stanford Law School
in 1908 with degree of J. D.; practiced law in the same suite in Pasa-
dena from 1908 until the time of his death; a confirmed, life-long lover
of the High Sierra. Senecio Millikeni.

Morrat, Davin HA.LuipAyY. Banker, railroad builder; born in Orange
Co., N. Y., 22 July 1839, died in New York, N. Y., 18 Mar. 1911. Presi-
dent First National Bank, Denver, Colo., 1880; instrumental in de-
veloping Colorado’s water and mineral resources and in building sev-
eral railroads; President, Denver & Rio Grande, 1885; returned to
banking, 1891; the 6-mile Moffat Tunnel made possible an all-weather
railroad from Denver to Salt Lake City. He extended many courtesies
to Alice Eastwood in her early botanizing days. Penstemon Moffatii.

Munz, Dr. Puitip ALEXANDER. Botanist, educator; born in Saratoga,
Wyo., 1 Apr. 1892, now Director, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden,
Claremont, Calif. Former Prof. of Botany, Pomona College; Prof. of
Botany and Horticulture, Cornell Univ., 1944-46; author of Manual
of Southern California Botany; keen student of western plants and
authority on New World Onagraceae. Lupinus Munzit.

NELSON, EDWARD WILLIAM. Naturalist; born in Manchester, N. H.,
8 May 1855, died in Washington, D. C., 19 May 1934. Pioneer collector
of ethnological data on Bering Straits Eskimo; wrote a treatise on the
Eskimo and another on birds of that region; did field work in every
state of Mexico, where his contributions were of great importance;
over 100 plants and animals have been named in his honor. His was
a rarely brilliant career. Aristolochia Nelsonii, Castilleja Nelsonit.

No.pEKE, ANITA MATILDA. Plant-lover and active member Calif. Bot.
Club; born in San Francisco, Calif., 9 Jan. 1891, now residing in San
Francisco. While living in a little-known part of Mono Co., Calif., she
collected and sent to the Calif. Acad. Sci. many valuable specimens;
now, a volunteer, part-time assistant in the Academy herbarium. Lu-
pinus Noldekae.

PALMER, Dr. Epwarp. Naturalist, botanical explorer; born near
Brandon, Norfolk, England, 12 Jan. 1831, died in Washington, D. C.,
10 Apr. 1911. Collector of all kinds of natural history specimens; first
naturalist to collect on Guadalupe Island off Baja Calif.; explored in

JANUARY, 1957] BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES 97

Paraguay, Mexico, sw. U. S., and elsewhere; member of the Calif. Bot.
Club in 1892 when associated with U. S. Dept. of Agriculture in Wash-
ington. Castilleja Palmeri, Diospyros Palmeri.

PaRISH, SAMUEL BONSALL. Botanist, erstwhile farmer; born in Pater-
son, N. J., 13 Jan. 1838, died in Berkeley, Calif., 5 June 1928. A pioneer
in botanical exploration in southern Calif., much of his early collecting
being done with his brother, William Fletcher Parish; botanical expe-
ditions in the 1880’s made to Palm Springs, Bear Valley, Palomar Mt.
(then called Smith Mt.), and San Jacinto Mts.; the Parish farm on
the Santa Ana River between Colton and San Bernardino was a Mecca
for botanists, among the botanical visitors being M. S. Bebb, H. de
Vries, G. Englemann, A. Gray, C. C. Parry, C. G. Pringle. Parish was
an authority on southern Calif. botany, student of Cactaceae, charter
member of Calif. Botany Club. The Parish herbarium is at Stanford
Univ. Lupinus Parishtt, Malvastrum Parishii.

PAYNE, FRANCES Dorris. Teacher; born near Alturas, Modoc Co.,
Calif., 9 Nov. 1902, now a resident of Alameda, Calif. An ardent col-
lector of wild flowers, particularly in Modoc Co., when opportunity
offers; under the direction of W. L. Jepson, she made a critical collec-
tion in the Warner Mts., Modoc Co., which she deposited at Univ.
Calif. and Calif. Acad. Sci. Castilleja Payneae.

Peacock, Mrs. PETER. See Adams, Mary.

PEIRSON, FRANK WARRINGTON. Scholar, botanical collector; born in
western New York, 11 Dec. 1865, died in Altadena, Calif., 1 May 1951.
Became a resident of Altadena in 1902; assisted by his sister, Mabel,
he became a most competent collector in the San Gabriel Range, in
Inyo Co., and elsewhere in Calif.; the Peirson herbarium, of about
14,000 sheets, now at Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont,
Calif. Mr. Peirson was a close friend of W. L. Jepson and did many
chores botanical and editorial to assist in the publication of the Flora
of California. Castilleja Peirsont.

PLASKETT, REASON ALPHA. Carpenter, one-time botanical collector;
born in Cherokee, Tuolumne Co., Calif., 11 Dec. 1852, died in Cam-
bria, Calif., 27 Oct. 1933. Son of Mr. and Mrs. William Lucas Plaskett
who settled in Pacific Valley near Gorda, Monterey Co., Calif., in
1868, lived there about thirty years, and raised a family of ten chil-
dren, including at least six boys. The Plasketts became large land-
holders in the Santa Lucia Mts. in areas about Jolon and San Antonio
and along the coast. When Miss Eastwod botanized there in 1893 and
1897, the Plasketts were her hosts. Her collections were supplemented
by Reason Plaskett, who, it appears, began to collect plants and send
them to her in December, 1897, continuing this practice until at least
April, 1898. His collections in less than five months included at least
six new species or varieties. Linanthus Plaskettit, Nemophila Plaskettii.

Purpy, Cart (Charlton Elmer Purdy). Plant collector, nurseryman;
born in Danville, Mich., 16 Mar. 1861, died east of Ukiah, Calif., 8

98 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

Aug. 1945. Because of his great interest in our native lilies, he gave
up school teaching, purchased land high in the hills east of Ukiah,
Mendocino Co., Calif., and devoted more than fifty years to the col-
lecting, propagating, and sale of lily bulbs and other plants. He made
deliveries to every continent. Charter member of Calif. Bot. Club.
Allium Purdyi, Brodiaea Purdyi, Calochortus Purdyt, Fritillaria Purdyt,
Tris Purdyt.

Ritrer, Mr. AND Mrs. BENJAMIN WapE. Mr. Ritter was a lawyer
and mining man; born in Plainfield, Ind., 6 Feb. 1859, died in Durango,
Colo., 18 Nov. 1935. Mrs. Ritter (Jeanette T.) was born in Pleasant
Hill, Ohio, 24 Sept. 1857, died in Durango, Colo., 23 Nov. 1920. He
gave up his Durango law practice to engage in pioneering mining op-
erations in that area but later resumed law practice there. Mrs. Ritter
was an active member of the Durango Library Board for over thirty
years. They made it possible for Alice Eastwood to collect in the La
Plata Mts. in 1892. Synthyris Ritteriana.

RrxrorpD, GULIAN PICKERING. Journalist, horticulturist; born in East
Highgate, Vt., 20 Sept. 1838, died in Palo Alto, Calif., 27 Oct. 1931.
Graduate of McGill Univ., Montreal, Canada, in engineering; arrived
in Calif. in 1867; managed San Francisco Bulletin for several years; was
keenly interested in horticulture and applied entomology and led in
the introduction of the Smyrna fig from Asia Minor; Calif. Acad. Sci.
Librarian at time of his death; charter member of Calif. Bot. Club.
Eriophyllum Rixfordi.

Rose, Lewis SAMUEL. Botanist; born in San Francisco, Calif., 25
Nov. 1893, where he still resides. Graduate of Univ. Calif., Berkeley,
1917; collected and studied algae in Japan, 1917-18 (specimens in
Univ. Calif. under name of L. S. Rosenbaum); life member and Fellow
of Calif. Acad. Sci.; friend and benefactor to the Academy herbarium
to which he has given without remuneration over 25 years of his time
and energies, enlarging it and making it more serviceable; since 1930
he has been collecting western American plants and exchanging them
on all continents, the specimens received, by exchange presented as a
gift to the Academy; it is estimated he has given the herbarium over
70,000 specimens, far more than any other donor. Arctostaphylos Rosei,
Castilleja Roseana, Lupinus Rosei.

Rowntree, Mrs. Lester (Gertrude Ellen Lester). Collector, lecturer,
author; born in Penrith, Cumberland, England, 16 Feb. 1879, now
residing in Carmel, Calif. Her extensive field work has included every
state in the U. S., Canada, and Mexico, done in connection with her
wild flower seed business; has distributed seeds to all parts of the
world; author of several books and a great many magazine articles;
has lectured throughout the U. S.; her private herbarium at Calif.
Acad. Sci. Rosa Lesterae.

ScuPHAM, MAjor JOHN RosBeErRTSON. Civil engineer; born at Rossy
Priory, Edinburgh, Scotland, 5 Apr. 1840, died in San Francisco, Calif.,

JANUARY, 1957] BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES 99

30 May 1927. Came to Calif. at close of Civil War during which he had
served as an engineer officer in the Northern Army; employment by
Central Pacific Railroad afforded opportunities for field work in the
Sierra Nevada; collected and brought to the Calif. Acad. Sci. many
interesting plants from little-explored parts of California; Secretary
of Calif. Acad. Sci. during presidency of Dr. Harkness; friend of Mr.
and Mrs. Lemmon from whom he purchased specimens. His collections
were given to Univ. Calif. after his death. Ribes Scuphamt.

SHOCKLEY, WILLIAM HILLMAN. Mining engineer, plant collector;
born in New Bedford, Mass., 18 Sept. 1855, died in Los Angeles, Calif.,
26 May 1925. Said to be the first botanical explorer to collect in the
White Mts. of Calif. and Nev.; duplicates of his 1880-93 specimens
were sent to Gray Herbarium; his personal herbarium now at Univ.
Calif., Berkeley; charter member of Calif. Bot. Club; father of William
Shockley, physicist, Nobel Prize winner in 1956. Aquilegia Shockleyi,
Oreocarya Shockleyt.

SINSHEIMER, GERTRUDE. Nature lover; born in Vicksburg, Miss., now
a resident of San Luis Obispo, Calif. For the last 77 years, a well-known
citizen of San Luis Obispo; held Alice Eastwood in the highest esteem
and often, through the years, acted as her hostess, sometimes com-
panioning her on botanizing excursions in the San Luis Obispo Co.
area. Sedum Gertrudianum.

SmiTH, LELAND E. Traveling salesman. When traveling about the
country seeking orders for his firm, Mr. Smith developed an interest
in the plants he saw and sent specimens to Miss Eastwood. These and
other gifts came just as the Academy museum and library were being
reéstablished and were much appreciated. Mr. Smith’s plant collec-
tions appear to have come from northern California and southern
Oregon from 1913 to 1915. A thistle he collected at Montague, Siski-
you Co., Calif., in 1913 is the type of Cirstwm Botrys Petrak. Further
biographic details are lacking. Lupinus Lelandsmithit.

Trevis, Ltoyp Pacueco. Activities various including mining, ranch-
ing, and hotel operations; born in San Francisco, Calif., 29 Apr. 1890,
now a resident of Carmel, Calif. Grandson of the famous pioneer,
Lloyd Tevis, and of Romualdo Pacheco, an early Governor of Cali-
fornia. Mr. Tevis recalls being encouraged by Grandfather Tevis to
collect wild flowers in the Lake Tahoe region. The day he found the
new Polemonium he was competing with his brothers for a prize offered
by his grandfather. Mr. Tevis maintains a lively interest in wild flowers
and fungi. Polemonium Tevisit.

Titus, Dr. FRANK H. Physician; born in Powellsville, Ohio, in 1851,
the son of Dr. Arthur Titus. Graduated from Medical College of the
Pacific, San Francisco, Calif., 1876; resident physician at St. Luke’s
Hospital, San Francisco, 1890-92; Superintendent of San Francisco City
and County Hospital, 1894-95; proprietor of a San Francisco phar-

100 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

macy, 1896-98; served in the U. S. Army as surgeon in the Philippines,
1898-1902, receiving his honorable discharge 9 Dec. 1902; according
to 1905 Official Register of Physicians and Surgeons, “address un-
known.” Astragalus Titi.

Tracy, JOSEPH PrincE. Abstractor of land titles, botanical collector;
born in Hydesville, Calif., 11 Jan. 1879, died in Eureka, Calif., 26 Nov.
1953. His field work, mostly in northwestern Calif., extended over the
last 50 years of his life; maintained close contact with Univ. Calif.,
Berkeley, where his personal herbarium will be preserved. Arctostaph-
ylos Tracyi, Lupinus Tracyi.

Trask, Mrs. BLANCHE (Luella Blanche Engles). Botanical explorer;
born in Austin, Minn., 26 July 1865, died in San Francisco, Calif., 11
Nov. 1916. Resided on Santa Catalina Is., Calif., 1893-1912; a daunt-
less explorer who collected in great quantities both botanical and
ethnological specimens; her prime collections destroyed in San Fran-
cisco’s 1906 fire; her private herbarium was lost in the Avalon fire,
Nov., 1916. Aplopappus Traskae, Astragalus Traskae, Cercocarpus
Traskae, Eriodictyon Traskae, Gilia Traskae.

VAN Dyke, Mrs. Epwin Cooper (Mary Annie Ames). Occasional col-
lector; born in Rutland, Iowa, 28 Jan. 1872, died in Gadsen, Alabama,
18 May 1940. Through many years she accompanied her husband
(physician, Curator of Entomology at Calif. Acad. Sci., Prof. of En-
tomology at Univ. Calif., Berkeley) on his collecting excursions; she
sought plants while he harvested insects. Lupinus VanDykeae.

VoLLMER, Dr. ALBERT M. Physician, collector and grower of native
lilies; born in San Diego, Calif., 14 May 1896; now residing in San
Francisco, Calif. Quoting from Alice Eastwood: “not only has he cul-
tivated most of the lilies of California in his garden, but he has prob-
ably seen more growing in their native habitat than anyone.” Dr.
Vollmer has also collected in Baja California with Dr. I. L. Wiggins
of Stanford University. Lilium Vollmeri.

WarKINS, WILLIAM GRANT. Apiarist, botanist, carpenter; born in
Erie, Pa., 17 July 1870, died in Placerville, Calif., 4 Jan. 1944. Moved
from Virginia City, Nev., to the present outskirts of Placerville in 1880;
first earned his livelihood as a carpenter, but his deep interest in wild
flowers and bees persisted from an early age; propagated and distrib-
uted widely native bulbs and plants while continuing his study of bot-
any and bee culture; became a leading bee-keeper and in time an au-
thority on honey, bees and their diseases, and the flowers on which they
fed; long an active and highly respected member of the Bee-keepers
Association; exhibited many kinds of honey and won many prizes at
state and county fairs; later became field botanist at the Davis field
station, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, where a major accomplishment was
the breeding of bees immune to poisonous plants; rediscoverer of the
rare Arctostaphylos nissenana (Leafl. West. Bot. 1: 233-4). Ribes Wat-
kinst.

JANUARY, 1957] BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES 101

Way, Mrs. ALLAN EuGENE (Catherine Caroline Cooney). Grower of
native plants; born in Kamloops, B. C., Canada, 24 June 1869, and
still residing there. Her father, Charles Thomas Cooney, came from
Ireland to enter the service of the Hudson Bay Co. Mrs. Way reports
that there were only a dozen houses in the Hudson Bay Fort at Kam-
loops when she was born. Talinum Wayae.

WESTON; Epwarp Roy. Geological draftsman; born in Dayton, Ohio,
17 Apr. 1885, now residing in San Francisco, Calif. He came to Calif.
from Idaho, 1915; his love for the out-of-doors led to the “popular
sport of hiking in Marin County,” and it was thus that he “had the
pleasure and honor of meeting Miss Alice Eastwood.” He has been
chiefly engaged in map making for the State Mining Bureau, War De-
partment, and many oil companies; still active on a consulting basis;
has made excursions to remote spots in Calif. in search of rare plants,
sometimes in company with Alice Eastwood. Calochortus Westoni.

WETHERILL, BENJAMIN ALFRED. Archaeological explorer; born in
Leavenworth, Kan., 25 June 1861, died in Tulsa, Okla., 5 Jan. 1950.
“Al” Wetherill was the first white man to sight Cliff Palace in what is
now Mesa Verde Nat. Park. Alice Eastwood’s extensive, pioneer botan-
ical surveys of that remote general region and adjacent parts of Utah
were largely made possible and chiefly conducted under his capable
guidance. Corydalis Wetherillit, Dicoria Wetherillit, Eriogonum
Wetherillii, Oreocarya Wetherillit.

WHILTON, YNEZ YNA (Mrs. Ynez Whilton Winblad). Collector of
plants and birds; born in Little Rock, Ark., 6 Oct. 1907, now residing
in Los Angeles, Calif. She assisted her father, Emory Whilton, in col-
lecting and mounting wild flowers, birds, and mammals; many of them
occupied the walls of his hotel in Tulare, Calif. These specimens are
now housed in the Kern County Museum, Bakersfield, Calif. Over 1300
botanical specimens are in Calif. Acad. Sci. where they were sent for
determination from 1935 to 1938. Lupinus Whiltonae, Valeriana Whil-
tonae.

Wuitney, Leo Davin. Botanist; born in Willits, Calif., 11 May 1908,
died in Honolulu, T. H., 7 Nov. 1937. He was a student at the Univ.
Calif. in Berkeley, College of Agriculture and Graduate Division,
1931-35; Assistant Agronomist, Hawaii Agricul. Exper. Station at time
of death. Lotus Leonis.

WINBLAD, Mrs. YNEZ WHILTON. See Whilton, Ynez Yna.

Wotr, Dr. Cart BRANDT. Botanist, rancher; born in Freesoil, Mich.,
22 Mar. 1905, now residing in Fillmore, Calif. Graduate of Occidental
College, Los Angeles, Calif., 1926; M.A. and Ph.D. at Stanford Univ.,
1927 and 1930; botanist, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1930-45;
author of many papers on Calif. flora, including revisions of New
World Cupressus and North American Rhamnus.—Mimulus Wolfi.

102 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

A LIST OF PLANTS FROM DALL AND
ANNETTE ISLANDS, ALASKA

BY ALICE EASTWOOD (7)

These plants were collected by Dr. G. Dallas Hanna, curator
of the Geology Department of the California Academy of Sci-
ences. He spent about two months in June and July of 1947 in
investigations on the natural history of these islands and made
collections for several departments of the Academy. The accom-
panying lists represent the collection of plants. As no plants, so
far as I have learned, have ever been recorded from these islands,
it has seemed desirable to publish the list. The Glumiflorae have
been determined by Mr. Howell.

These islands lie in the southern part of the Alexander Archi-
pelago in southeastern Alaska. Dall Island was formerly inhab-
ited only by wild animals — deer, bear, wolves, etc. — but now a
cannery and a quarry give employment to many people in the
summer. Deep inlets indent the coast, with dense woods on the
slopes. Annette Island is an Indian reservation and has an air
of civilization with church, schools, and dwellings.

Annette Island

Pinus contorta Doug]. Streptopus roseus Mx.
Juniperus communis L. var. montana subsp. curvipes (Vail) Hult.

Ait. Aquilegia formosa Fisch.
Triglochin maritima L. Ranunculus Bongardi Greene
Carex Lyngbyei Hornem. Ranunculus occidentalis Nutt.
Carex stygia Fries Epilobium latifolium L.
Juncus balticus Willd. Kalmia polifolia Wang.
Fritillaria camschatcensis (L.) Ker- Dodecatheon radicatum Greene

Gawl. Castilleja miniata Doug].
Maianthemum dilatatum (Howell)

Nels. & Macbr.

Dall Island

Adiantum pedatum L. var. Streptopus roseus Mx.

aleuticum Rupr.

Elymus hirsutus Presl

Festuca rubra L.

Festuca subulata Trin.

Carex Lyngbyei Hornem.

Scirpus microcarpus Pres] —

Fritillaria camschatcensis (L.) Ker-
Gawl.

Maianthemum dilatatum (Howell)
Nels. & Macbr.

subsp. curvipes (Vail) Hult.
Montia parvifolia (Moc.) Greene
Montia sibirica (L.) Howell
Saxifraga Mertensiana Bong.
Tolmiea Menziesii (Pursh) T. & G.
Aruncus sylvester Kostel.
Epilobium Hornemanni Rchb.
Moneses uniflora (L.) Gray
Campanula rotundifolia L.
Prenanthes alata (Hook.) Dietr.

JANUARY, 1957] COTTON PLANTS OF THE WORLD 103

WILD AND DOMESTICATED COTTON
PLANTS OF THE WORLD

BY THOMAS H. KEARNEY (7)

Cotton has been grown as a textile plant, in both the Old
World and the New, since very early times. Bits of fabric made
from cotton have been found in prehistoric ruins in India, and
in North and South America. The existing cultivated cottons of
the Eastern and the Western hemispheres are very unlike in
their botanical characters, and it is nearly impossible to cross
them with one another, so there can be no reasonable doubt that
their domestication took place independently in the two hemi-
spheres. In this respect cotton is unlike most of the other impor-
tant agricultural plants. Wheat, barley, oats, rice, flax, hemp,
and alfalfa, for example, were first brought under cultivation in
the Old World, whereas maize, potatoes, tomatoes, and tobacco
were unknown there before the discovery of America.

The genus Gossypium, of the Mallow Family, comprises two
principal groups of cultivated cottons, the Asiatic-African and
the American. With each of these are associated numerous wild
or semi-wild forms, many of which have been described as spe-
cies. Most of these, having seed-hairs of spinnable length, are
probably relics of ancient cultivation; but there are also some 16
species with seed-hairs too short to be capable of spinning. These
are found in widely scattered areas almost throughout the trop-
ical and subtropical parts of the world, usually in arid situa-
tions remote from centers of cotton cultivation. In very few
cases do their present distributions overlap, and when they do
the two species are seldom, if ever, found growing at the same
station. This lintless group is a very heterogeneous one, and
most of the species have little in common except the absence of
long hairs on the seeds, a shrubby or arborescent habit of growth,
and the fact that they are truly wild species, unmodified by hu-
man influences.t

Seven of these truly wild species are indigenous to the Pacific
side of North and South America, two to Australia, three to
Africa, and two to southern Arabia and the shores of the Persian

1 The writer follows, in the main, the classification of the species of Gossypium adopted
by Hutchinson et al. (9, pp. 1-64).

104 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

Gulf. Illustrations of several of the American species were pre-
sented in an earlier paper (10). These American wild cottons
are: G. Thurberi, the most northern and farthest inland, in the
mountains of southern Arizona and northern Mexico; G. David-
sonii, in Baja California and a small coastal area in Sonora; G.
Harknessii and G. Armourianum on the shores and islands of
Baja California; G. aridum (Erioxylum) in the states of Sinaloa
and Colima, Mexico; G. Klotzschianum in the Galapagos
Islands off the coast of Ecuador; and G. Raimondii in north-
western Peru. There are also two very little-known Mexican
species apparently related to G. Thurberi.?

Especial interest attaches to the Arizona wild cotton (G. Thur-
beri) because this species has been used extensively in recent
years in hybridization experiments, in the endeavor to com-
bine its hardiness and resistance to diseases and injurious in-
sects with the desirable properties of cultivated cottons. It is so
different from any of the cultivated cottons that Asa Gray, who
first described it, made it the type of a separate genus, Thur-
beria. Webber (17) demonstrated, however, that it can be crossed
rather readily with two other wild American species, G. Hark-
nessii and G. Armourianum, and that the hybrids are highly self-
fertile. Harland (5,6), Beasley (1), and Stephens (13) crossed an
Asiatic cultivated cotton with G. Thurberi. The resulting hy-
brids were sterile, but when treated with colchicine doubling of
the chromosomes occurred, and these amphidiploids were fe-
male-fertile when crossed, in turn with American cultivated cot-
tons.

Further evidence of the relationship of G. Thurber is the fact
that it harbors a race of the very destructive cotton boll-weevil
that is almost indistinguishable from the typical insect. When
it was proved experimentally that the ““Thurberia’’ weevil could
be made to feed on cultivated cotton, the U. S. Department of
Agriculture started a campaign of eradication of the wild plant
in areas closest to the cotton-growing districts of Arizona, but
the cost was found to be prohibitive.

The most local in its distribution of all the American wild
lintless species is G. Armourianum, which is known only from
the small island of San Marcos, in the Gulf of California. Here it

2A new arborescent species, Gossypium lobatum Gentry, has recently been described
from are (Madrofio 13: 261,—1956). It is “‘closely related to Gossypium

aridum....

JANUARY, 1957] COTTON PLANTS OF THE WORLD 105

was first collected by Ivan M. Johnston on the expedition of the
California Academy of Sciences to the Gulf of California, in
1921. Dr. Johnston, and also the writer when he first saw it in
its native habitat, mistook it for G. Harknessti. Subsequently
plants were grown by Charles G. Marshall at the former U. S.
Acclimatization Garden, at Torrey Pines, California, from seeds
of G. Harknessii gathered by the writer on Carmen Island, and
from seeds from San Marcos Island supplied by Mr. and Mrs.
Edward H. Page.

Mr. Marshall noticed that, even in the seedling stage, the two
could be distinguished, and when the plants reached maturity it
became evident that the San Marcos plant was a very distinct spe-
cies, although evidently related to G. Harknessit. It was my
great pleasure to dedicate the new species to Allison V. Armour,
whose guest I was during ten delightful days in the Gulf of Cali-
fornia. Mr. Armour, who had generously made his yacht avail-
able to numerous scientific expeditions, remarked that various
animals had been named for him, but this was the first cotton
plant to which he had stood as godfather.

The handsomest of all the truly wild cottons of the world is
the Australian “‘desert-rose”’ (G. Sturti). This plant is unique in
the genus in having foliage covered with whitish bloom, like
that of a cabbage leaf. Its flowers are of a beautiful lavender-
mauve color, with a large crimson spot near the base of each
petal. This is an unusual color in the genus, most of the species
having yellow, whitish, or rose-red corollas, with or without the
petal spot.

Two other species may be mentioned that grow wild on
islands in the Pacific Ocean. These are G. Darwinii of the Gala-
pagos Islands, discovered by Charles Darwin during the voyage
of the Beagle, and G. tomentosum, the mao cotton of the Ha-
waiian Islands.

While on the Pinchot Expedition of 1929, Dr. A. K. Fisher col-
lected cotton seeds from the nests of Galapagos ground finches.
Plants grown in California from these seeds showed a great di-
versity of characters, ranging from what seemed to be typical G.
Darwinii as described by Sir George Watt (16, p. 68) to plants
closely resembling the South American group of cultivated cot-
tons known as G. barbadense or G. peruvianum. All of these
plants, however, had short lint hairs on the seed and none resem-

106 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

bled the lintless G. Klotzschianum of the same island group.
Gossypium tomentosum is believed to be indigenous to the Ha-
waiian Islands and, although unquestionably related to the
American cultivated cottons, it differs rather markedly from any
form now in cultivation and its seed-hairs are scarcely of spin-
nable length.

During the past 20 years, intensive study of the gentics and
cytology of Gossypium has thrown much light on the relation-
ships of the species. The discovery was made, almost simultane-
ously, by Denham in England, Longley in America, and Nikola-
jeva in Russia, that in the germ cells the basic number of chro-
mosomes is 13 in the Old World and 26 in the New World culti-
vated cottons. In other words, the former are diploid and the
latter are tetraploid. This finding accounted for the previously
known facts that it is very difficult to cross an Asiatic with an
American cultivated cotton, and that the few hybrids obtained
have been highly sterile.

Subsequent investigation, by Skovsted, Webber, and others,
showed that all of the wild lintless species which have been
studied cytologically are diploid, like the Asiatic cultivated cot-
tons. Skovsted (12) announced later that in the New World cul-
tivated cottons (Upland, Sea Island, etc.) the chromosome com-
plement comprises two sets, 13 larger ones similar to those of the
Old World cultivated cottons, and 13 smaller chromosomes re-
sembling those of the American wild lintless species. He con-
cluded that the tetraploid American cultivated cottons have
originated from hybrids between two diploid species, one re-
lated to the existing Old World cultivated species and the other
to one of the lintless wild species of the New World.

Other investigators have found it difficult to confirm Skov-
sted’s observations by direct cytological examination. On the
other hand, considerable evidence has accumulated from genetic
experiments that his hypothesis is well founded. This evidence
was obtained by Harland (5,6), Beasley (1,2), Harland and At-
teck (7), Stephens (13,14), Brown (3,4), and others, and was re-
viewed by Hutchinson, Silow, and Stephens (9, pp. 71-74). Be-
cause of their behavior in hybridization experiments, the Old
World wild diploid species seem to be excluded as possible an-
cestors of the American cultivated cottons. Hutchinson, Ste-
phens, and Dodd (8) and Stephens (15) inferred from its greater

JANUARY, 1957] COTTON PLANTS OF THE WORLD 107

compatibility in crosses with Old World cultivated cottons and
from the structure of its seed hairs, that the Peruvian G. Rai-
mondit, or a related and perhaps now extinct species, is more
likely than any of the other extant American wild diploid spe-
cies to have been the other parent of the original cross.

Assuming that the American cultivated cottons originated in
this manner, how are we to account for the contact between an
Old World and a New World species necessary to produce a
hybrid? As was pointed out at the beginning of this paper, the
American cultivated cottons were in existence before (probably
long before) 1492. Furthermore, since all of the wild American
diploid species inhabit the western rather than the eastern side
of North and South America, it seems that migration of the Old
World parent species must have been across the Pacific rather
than the Atlantic Ocean.

Harland (5, p. 177) who first attacked this problem, suggested
the existence of a land bridge across the Pacific, presumably in
tropical or subtropical latitudes, during the late Cretaceous or
the early Tertiary period. There seems to be little geological
evidence in support of this view, and the further objection has
been made (9, p. 75) that if a diploid species of Gossypium re-
lated to the Asiatic cultivated cottons had followed this path of
migration, it should have left descendants along its course. But
the only cottons now known as growing wild on Pacific islands
are the above-mentioned wild, lintless diploid species of the
Galapagos Islands and lint-bearing, tetraploid plants evidently
related to the American cultivated cottons.

Stephens (16) and Hutchinson, Silow, and Stephens (9, p.
75-80) advanced the idea of the transportation, by prehistoric
voyagers across the Pacific, of seeds of a diploid Asiatic, lint-
bearing cotton. These are supposed to have been planted some-
where in the neighborhood of a diploid wild American species,
with which crossing eventually took place, to give rise to the tet-
raploid American cultivated cottons. Limitation of space pre-
cludes giving their argument in full, but it would seem, if this
explanation be accepted, that the origination of the American
tetraploid cottons is a much more recent event than Harland
supposed it to have been.

A third alternative has been proposed by Stebbins (12, p. 155),
who has supposed that the presence of plant fossils of both

108 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

Asiatic and American relationship in North American deposits
of Eocene age may afford a clue to the mystery. It is true that no
remains of cotton plants have been found in such deposits, but in
view of the arid nature of the habitats in which the existing wild
species occur, failure to find such plants preserved as fossils is
perhaps not surprising. Migration of an Asiatic species could
have taken place across the northern Pacific when the climate
was warmer, by means of land bridges known to have existed.
Subsequent movement southward in America, as refrigeration
set in, could then have brought about contact with an American
diploid species, without human intervention. It may be objected
that G. Raimondii, the species which seems most likely to have
been the American parent of this cross, in its present distribu-
tion is the most southern and the most remote from Bering Strait
of all the diploid wild cottons of the Western Hemisphere. This,
or a closely related species, may, however, have been more widely
distributed in the past.

Probably we shall never know how this extraordinary mating
came about. Whatever the explanation may be, it has given the
world its most valuable cotton plants. These are: the Upland cot-
tons that constitute the bulk of the crop in the United States,
the so-called Egyptian cottons that are the principal wealth of
the Land of the Nile, and, longest and finest of all cottons, the
famous Sea Island, once the pride of South Carolina, but now
grown chiefly in the West Indies.

REFERENCES

1. BEASLEY, J. O. The origin of the American tetraploid Gossypium species.
Amer. Nat. 74: 285-286 (1940).

2.——. Meiotic chromosome behavior in species, species hybrids, haploids,
and induced polyploids of Gossypium. Genetics 27: 25-54 (1942).

3. Brown, Meta S. The spontaneous occurrence of amphidiploidy in species
hybrids of Gossypium. Evolution 5: 25-41 (1951).

4. Brown, Meta S., and MARGARET Y. MENZEL. New trispecies hybrids in
cotton. Jour. Heredity 41: 291-295 (1950).

5. HARLAND, SIDNEY Cross. The genetics of cotton. London (1939).

6. ——. New polyploids in cotton by the use of colchicine. Trop. Agric.,
Trinidad 17: 53-54 (1940).

7. HARLAND, SIDNEY Cross, and Oxtca M. Atreck. The genetics of cotton
XVIII. Transference of genes from diploid North American wild cottons
. .. to tetraploid New World cottons. Jour. Genetics 42: 1-19 (1941).

8. HutcHInson, J. B., S. G. STEPHENS, and K. S. Dopps. The seed hairs of
Gossypium. Ann. Bot. n. ser. 9: 361-367 (1945).

JANUARY, 1957] NEW CARICES 109

9. HUTCHINSON, J. B., R. A. StLow, and S. G. STEPHENS. The evolution of
Gossypium and the differentiation of the cultivated cottons. 160 pp.
Oxford University Press (1947).

10. KEARNEY, THOMAS H. American wild cottons with thirteen chromosomes.
Jour. Heredity 25: 305-312 (1934).

11. Skovstep, A. Cytological studies in cotton II. Two interspecific hybrids
between Asiatic and New World Cottons. Jour. Genetics 28: 407-424
(1934).

12. STEBBINS, G. LEDYARD, JR. Evidence on rates of evolution from the dis-
tribution of existing and fossil plant species. Ecological Monographs
17: 149-158 (1947).

13. STEPHENS, S. G. Colchicine-produced polyploids in Gossypium I. An auto-
tetraploid Asiatic cotton and certain of its hybrids with wild species.
Jour. Genetics 44: 272-295 (1942).

14.——. Phenogenetic evidence for the amphidiploid origin of the New
World cottons. Nature 153: 53-54 (1944).
15. ——. Cytogenetics of Gossypium and the problem of origin of the New

World cottons. Advances in Genetics 1: 431-442 (1947).

16. Watt, SiR Georce. The wild and cultivated cotton plants of the world.
406 pp. London (1907).

17. WeBBER, J. M. Relationships in the genus Gossypium as indicated by
cytological data. Jour. Agric. Res. 58: 237-261 (1939).

NEW CARICES FROM THE CANADIAN
ROCKY MOUNTAINS

BY F. J. HERMANN
Plant Industry Station, Beltsville, Md.

Procurement of sedges for testing was included in an explora-
tion trip by B. M. Leese and the writer to the Canadian North-
west for the U. S. Department of Agriculture during July and
August, 1956, made primarily for the collecting of seed of in-
digenous grasses and legumes showing promise of forage value.
Among the Carices collected three species and a variety herein
described are apparently new to science and three additional
species evidently represent first records from Canada. Herbar-
ium abbreviations are those standardized by Lanjouw and Staf-
leu in their Index Herbariorum, Part I, 3rd ed. (Regnum Vege-
tabile 6: 1-224,—1956).

Carex eurystachya F. J. Hermann, spec. nov. (ACUTAE). Repens rhizomati-
bus tenuibus verticalibus; culmi graciles 1.5—3 dm. alti folia vix vel dimidio

superantes; spicae 3-5, ovoideae vel breviter oblongae, 7-10 mm. longae,
5-10 mm. latae, densiflorae, sessiles vel infima subsessilis brevipedunculata

110 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

in capitulum terminale 1.5-2 cm. longum confertae, spica terminalis gynae-
candra laterales femineae; squamae atropurpureae costa angustissima vel
obsoleta; perigynia biconvexa, ovato-lanceolata, 3-3.5 mm. longa, 1.1-1.3
mm. lata, conspicue stipitata, valde nervosa; achaenia lenticularia obovoidea
0.65 mm. longa, 0.55 mm. lata perigynii dimidium explentia.

Non-cespitose; extensively creeping from slender, vertical rhizomes, gen-
erally with sterile branches from the base; culms 1.5-3 dm. high, phyllo-
podic, slender, triangular, smooth below, more or less scabridulous above,
from slightly exceeding to 114 times the length of the leaves, the dried
leaves of the previous year persistent at the base; leaves 2 to 4 to a fertile
culm, mostly clustered toward the base, the blades 4-12 cm. long, 0.5-1.5 cm.
wide, flat below, channeled to somewhat triangular toward the strongly
scabrous, attenuate apex, the midrib prominent on the under surface, scab-
ridulous toward the apex, the sheaths very thin ventrally and soon breaking
but not becoming fibrillose, hyaline, generally red-dotted or mottled below,
brown to dark reddish-brown at the concave mouth, the ligule as wide as,
or wider than, long; spikes 3 or 4 (rarely 5), ovoid to short-oblong, 7-10
(rarely 12) mm. long, 5-7 mm. wide, densely flowered, sessile or the lower-
most subsessile to short-peduncled, aggregated into a terminal head 1.5-2
cm. long or the lowermost occasionally separate, the terminal gynaecandrous,
clavate at the base, the lateral pistillate, from slightly narrowed to rounded
at the base; bracts generally two, the lowermost 3-8 cm. long, exceeding the
inflorescence, with short, colored, open sheath; scales oblong-lanceolate,
blunt to barely acute, dark purple, not at all hyaline-margined or rarely
slightly so at the apex, the midrib very narrow and not extending to the
apex or obsolete, the pistillate much shorter and narrower than the peri-
gynia; perigynia ovate-lanceolate, 3-3.5 mm. long; 1.1-1.3 mm. wide, bicon-
vex, ascending to ascending-spreading, the empty, often more or less twisted,
tips sometimes reflexed, strongly stipitate (the stipe 0.5 mm. long) and heav-
ily 12-20-nerved, membranaceous, the body smooth and white, the apex min-
utely granular and green or gold-tinged, tapering to an apiculate, subentire,
dark reddish-brown beak less than 0.25 mm. long; achenes lenticular, obo-
void, 0.65 mm. long, 0.55 mm. wide, brown, shallowly-minutely pitted, sessile,

abruptly long-apiculate, jointed with the style, filling the lower half of the ~

perigynium; stigmas 2, short, reddish-brown.

ALBERTA: forming extensive beds on clay-gravel outwash plain
on south shore of Cavell Lake, alt. 5620 ft., northeast slope of
Mt. Edith Cavell, 14 miles south of Jasper, Jasper National Park,
Aug. 28, 1956, Hermann 13529 (ALTA, CAN, CAS, NA, US,
type).

Nearest allied to Carex Hindsii C. B. Clarke of meadows of
the West Coast in its conspicuously stipitate, strongly nerved
perigynia, C. eurystachya, with its non-cespitose culms, vertical
rhizomes, congested inflorescence, and short, thick, sessile or sub-
sessile spikes, the terminal gynaecandrous rather than staminate,
is strikingly different from that and other related species in

JANUARY, 1957] NEW CARICES 111

habit. Additional distinguishing characteristics are the narrow-
er, almost smooth perigynia, achenes only half as large and filling
only the lower half of the perigynium, and the darker pistillate
scales with very narrow or obsolete midrib and without hyaline
margins.

Carex athabascensis F. J. Hermann, spec. nov. (SCIRPINAE). Laxe caespitosa
e rhizomatibus validis repentibus; culmi 2.5—4 dm. alti, crassi, rigidi, phyllo-
podi; folia frondosa 2-4 ad basim culmi aggregata; foliorum ligula longior
quam latior; spica feminea lineari-cylindrica, 3.5-4.5 cm. longa, dense 50-120-
flora; perigynia 2-2.5 mm. longa, 1.5-1.75 mm. lata, late obovoidea vel sub-
orbicularia, dense hirsuta; achaenia late obovoidea, 1.25 mm. longa, 1-1.25
mm. lata, angulis obsoletis.

Loosely cespitose from stout, woody, fibrillose, creeping rootstocks; culms
2.5-4 dm. high, stout, stiff, triangular, roughened on the angles above, more
than twice the length of the leaves, phyllopodic, brownish or slightly red-
dish-brown-tinged at the base, more or less clothed at the base with the
dried-up leaves of the previous year; sterile shoots conspicuous, phyllopodic;
leaves with well-developed blades 2 to 4 to a fertile culm, clustered near the
base; blades erect or ascending, thick and stiff, green, channeled above, 2-16
cm. long, 1.2-3 mm. wide, the margins very rough toward the attenuate
apex; sheaths brown-hyaline and short-pubescent, very thin and early rup-
tured ventrally, the mouth from shallowly concave to slightly convex, the
ligule longer than wide; culms dioecious; pistillate spike solitary, erect,
linear-cylindric, 3.5(rarely 2)-4.5 cm. long, 4 (rarely 3)-5 mm. wide, closely
50(30)-120-flowered, the perigynia ascending, in many rows; bract rudi-
mentary or obsolete, 2.5 cm. or less long, inserted somewhat below the base
of the spike, its sheath 2-3 mm. long, open, reddish-brown-tinged; pistillate
scales ovate, sparsely pubescent, purplish-brown, the margins broadly white-
hyaline and ciliate-lacerate towards the blunt apex, broader than and equal-
ing or slightly exceeding the perigynia; perigynia 2-2.25 mm. long, 1.5-1.75
mm. wide, broadly obovoid to suborbicular, obscurely trigonous, somewhat
compressed, dirty white below, deep reddish-brown above, copiously hirsute,
the hairs yellowish- to reddish-brown toward the apex, membranaceous,
2-ribbed, tapering to the generally short-stipitate base, very abruptly con-
tracted into an entire, dark-tipped beak 0.25 mm. long; achenes nearly filling
the perigynium, broadly obovoid, the angles rounded or obsolete, 1.25 mm.
long and nearly as wide (1—1.25 mm.), dark grayish-brown, apiculate, abruptly
narrowed to the sessile base; stigmas 3, slender, brownish.

ALBERTA: rocky marl shore of Athabaska River above Atha-
baska Falls, alt. 3800 ft., 20 miles southeast of Jasper, Jasper Na-
tional Park, Aug. 28, 1956, Hermann 13498 (ALTA, CAN, NA,
US, type). .

Resembling a stiff Carex scirpiformis Mack. with stouter and
longer pistillate spikes, but phyllopodic, with the ligule longer
than wide, with short, broad perigynia,.and short, scarcely an-
gled achenes which are as wide as long. From the southern, phyl-

112 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

lopodic C. pseudoscirpoidea Rydb. C. athabascensis is set off by
the broader perigynium and broad gray-brown, scarcely angled
achene, the elongated ligule, fewer (2 to 4 rather than 5 to 10)
stem-leaves, and coarse habit.

Carex incondita F. J. Hermann, spec. nov. (OVALEs). Dense caespitosa e
rhizomatibus fibrillosis brevissimis; culmi 0.6—3.6 dm. alti, erecti, folia multo
superantes; folia ad basim culmi aggregata; spicae 4~7, gynaecandrae in
capitulum laxum terminale brevi-oblongum vel ovoideum aggregatae peri-
gyniis 10-25 ascendentibus vel plus minusve adpressis; squamae cupreo-
brunneae apice marginibusque hyalinis; perigynia crassa, achaenio conspicue
distenta 3-3.5 mm. longa, 1.25-1.5 mm. lata, basi marginibusque spongiosa,
ventre enervia vel obscure ad basim paucinervia.

Densely cespitose from very short fibrillose rootstocks; culms 0.6-3.6 dm.
high, rather slender but stiff, obtusely triangular below, sharply triangular
and scabrous on the angles above, deeply striate, erect, two to three times
the length of the leaves, brown at the base and conspicuously clothed with
the dried-up leaves of the previous year, the lower bladeless; leaves with
well-developed blades 2 to 5 to a fertile culm, clustered near the base, the
blades flat, yellow-green, stiff, ascending, 3-12 cm. long, 1.5-3 mm. wide, the
margins and midrib scabrous toward the attenuate, more or less channeled
apex, the sheaths rather tight, ventrally thin and white-hyaline; ligule
wider than long or the uppermost occasionally slightly longer than wide;
sterile shoots with 3 to 9 similar leaves bunched toward the apex; spikes
(2) 4 to 7, aggregated into a short-oblong to ovoid head, 1-1.75 cm. long,
(0.5)1-1.25 cm. wide, or the lowermost sometimes slightly separate, the spikes
well defined, gynaecandrous, ovoid to oblong, 7-8 mm. long, 3.5-5 mm. wide,
rounded to short-clavate at the base, short-pointed to rounded at the apex,
the perigynia 10-25, ascending to somewhat appressed, the staminate flowers
few; bracts scale-like, the lowermost rarely somewhat separate and awned;
scales narrowly ovate, acutish, coppery-brown with hyaline margins widen-
ing at the apex, the midvein paler and usually prominent especially toward
the somewhat keeled base, nearly as wide below as, but somewhat shorter
than, the perigynia, persistent; perigynia thick, shallowly concavo-convex,
ovate, conspicuously distended over the achene, 3-3.5 mm. long, 1.25-1.5
(1.75) mm. wide, membranaceous, copper-brown to very dark brown, wing-
margined to the rounded base, serrulate to below the middle, the base and
margins bordering the achene filled with spongy tissue, lightly nerved
dorsally, ventrally nerveless or obscurely few-nerved toward the base, more
or less abruptly contracted into a slender, serrulate, terete-tipped beak half
the length of the body, the tip short-hyaline, obliquely cut dorsally, very
minutely if at all bidentulate; achenes lenticular, elliptic to oblong, 1.5 mm.
long, 0.75-0.9 mm. wide, stipitate, apiculate, yellowish-brown; style slender,
jointed with the achene; stigmas 2, slender, dark brown.

ALBERTA: dry, grassy island in sedge meadow, 114 miles south
of Ram River, alt. about 5500 ft., 40 miles south of Nordegg,
Aug. 15, 1956, Hermann 13347 (ALTA, CAN, CAS, NA, US,

type); gravelly flood plain of McCleod River, alt. about 5200 ft.,

JANUARY, 1957] NEW CARICES 113

along road to Mountain Park, 414 miles south of Cadomin, Aug.
26, 1956, Hermann 13444 (ALTA, CAN, NA). Growing with
C. atrosquama Mack. at both localities.

Related to the arctic and subarctic Carex macloviana Urv.,
C. incondita differs in its thicker, smaller perigynia which are
filled with corky tissue on either side of the achene, in its longer,
more broadly hyaline-margined scales, and in having the spikes
arranged in a much looser, generally elongate-oblong head
rather than densely capitate. From the taller (3-10 dm. high)
C. pachystachya Cham. it is set off by the appressed-ascending,
rather than spreading, perigynia which are more clearly dis-
tended over the achene and much more finely nerved.

Carex praticola Rydb. var. subcoriacea F. J. Hermann, var. nov. A forma
typica recedit inflorescentia erecta, spicis ad apicem plus minusve confertis,
perigyniis subcoriaceis opacis brunneis rostri apice breviter tereti.

ALBERTA: grassy, gravelly roadside above McCleod River, alt.
about 5500 ft., 3 miles northwest of Mountain Park (35 miles
east of Jasper), Aug. 26, 1956, Hermann 13453 (ALTA, CAN,
CAS, NA, US, type). Wyomine (U.S.A.): clearing in lodgepole
pine woods north of Lower Green River Lake, alt. 8000 ft., Wind
River Mountains, 30 miles north of Pinedale, Sublette County,
Aug. 21, 1955, Hermann 12230 (CAS, NA).

Differing from typical Carex praticola in its erect inflorescence
with the spikes clustered toward the tip, instead of flexuous and
moniliform, and in its opaque, subcoriaceous, brown, rather
than translucent, membranaceous, green or whitish, perigynia
which, though terete-tipped, lack the prolonged tubular beak-
tip of the typical form. Transitional forms occur with enough
frequency so that these characteristics cannot be considered more
than tendencies, yet the extreme of this evidently montane va-
riety is sufficiently distinct to be puzzling, so it seems advisable
that it receive nomenclatorial designation.

NEw REcorpDs

CAREX LIMNOPHILA F. J. Hermann (Leafl. West. Bot. 8: 28,—
1956). ALBERTA: plentiful along canal and south shore of Two
Jack Lake, alt. 4800 ft., 414 miles northeast of Banff, Aug. 12,
Hermann 13284 (ALTA, CAN, CAS, NA, US); wet, grassy bank
of Livingstone River, alt. 5700 ft., Livingstone Falls Campsite,
Coleman-Kananaskis Highway, 41 miles north of Coleman, Aug.
5, 1956, Hermann 13122 (ALTA, CAN, -NA); edge of spruce-

Lid LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

cottonwoods on mossy bank of McCleod River, alt. about 4500
ft., 3 miles southwest of Mercoal, Aug. 26, 1956, Hermann 13440
(ALTA, NA). Heretofore known only from the shore of two
montane lakes in Wyoming. Although the Banff locality is also
lacustrine it is evident from the other two Alberta stations that
the species is also riparian.

CAREX PLATYLEPIS Mack. ALBERTA: moist ditch at edge of
woods along highway near north shore of Cameron Lake, alt.
5450 ft., Waterton Lakes National Park, Aug. 1, 1956, Hermann
13041 (ALTA, CAN, NA); grassy, gravel slope along Coleman-
Kananaskis Highway, alt. about 4700 ft., Livingstone Range, 4
miles north of Coleman, Aug. 5, 1956, Hermann 13088 (ALTA,
NA). Although sometimes confused with C. praticola Rydb.,
this is a conspicuously coarser plant readily recognized by its
leafy culms with broader, spreading leaves, and by its clustered
heads and opaque perigynia only 44.25 (4.75) mm. long.
Mackenzie’s report of the species from Montana, Alberta, and
British Columbia (N. Amer. Flora 18: 142,—1931) appears to be
the result of a typographical error since in his distributional ac-
counts both in North American Flora (1.c.) and in his North
American Cariceae (1: 154,—1940), he ascribes it only to the
mountains of Wyoming and Idaho.

CAREX GYMNOCLADA Holm. ALBERTA: in deep moss, depression
in limestone outcrop along Livingstone River, alt. 5700 ft., Liv-
ingstone Falls Campsite, Coleman-Kananaskis Highway, 41
miles north of Coleman, Aug. 6, 1956, Hermann 13131 (ALTA,
CAN, CAS, NA); wet, muddy bottom of dried pond in meadow,
114 miles south of Ram River, alt. about 5500 ft., 40 miles south
of Nordegg, Aug. 15, 1956, Hermann 13336 (NA). Reported from
mountain meadows of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Colorado,
and California by Mackenzie, and subsequently collected at Mir-
ror Lake, Kalso, British Columbia by J. W. Eastham.

WESTERNERS IN THE EAST

BY DWIGHT RIPLEY
Wappingers Falls, New York

Ten miles outside the town of Poughkeepsie, in New York’s
Hudson Valley, Mr. R. C. Barneby and the writer have for sev-
eral years been growing uncommon western plants in both a
rock garden and a cold greenhouse — though not always with

JANUARY, 1957] WESTERNERS IN THE EAST 115

conspicuous success. The latest count of those still with us is 294
species. On the whole, as cultivators readily admit, it is the al-
pines that would seem to be the hardest to keep alive, those from
the high cold slides of the Rockies being out of the question in
this climate. At the moment we are consoling ourselves with
three near-alpines collected at about 8000 feet in the San Ber-
nardino Mts. Grown indoors in pots, they are Arabis Parishit, a
mat of narrow hoary foliage, Eriogonum Kennedy var. austro-
montanum, another mat with yet smaller leaves, densely white-
pannose, and scapes somewhat too tall for the plant (it is aston-
ishing how easy this choice little buckwheat has turned out to
be: at first glance it looks quite impossible), and Potentilla ar-
gyrocoma, perhaps the most elegant of all the members of the
subgenus Ivesia, with beautiful silver “mousetails,” common
about Bear Lake. Other ivesias that we have had for many years
outdoors are PP. sericoleuca, sabulosa, multifoliolata, and
Baileyi var. setosa.

From the mountains to the south we have Monardella macran-
tha, that striking labiate with the decumbent stems, round
shiny leaves and long tubes of brilliant scarlet that seems to
play Oswego Tea (Monarda didyma) to the other “little monar-
das,” and M. nana var. arida, a shrublet with tiny gray leaves and
spidery, flesh-colored corollas protruding in rather haphazard
fashion from broad bracts of pinkish white. Both these do well
in the open during the summer but are not reliably hardy, so a
few plants of each are kept under glass, as is also M. neglecta
from Mount Tamalpais, a more modest member of the genus
with violet heads and neat evergreen foliage. San Diego County
provides Salvia Clevelandii in vivid blue and Gilia tenuifolia
in crimson. The latter is local about Jacumba, whence we also
have Mimulus aridus, a diplacus with smallish, pure yellow
flowers in contrast to the salmon, buff and reddish tones of its
relatives, and the more widely distributed Astragalus coccineus,
whose dazzling corollas make atonement for the failure of other
loco-weeds to respond to culture. The autumn-flowering Jep-
sonia Parryi, formerly considered a saxifrage, is, even as I write
this in October, unfurling its little white stars veined with choc-
olate, while its northern counterpart, J. heterandra, rare in the
Sierra Nevada, unfurls them with veins of pink. Rock ferns
from the Colorado Desert are Notholaena Parryi and the less
common but more vigorous N. californica. Cismontane ferns are

116 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

inclined to be unpredictable, but those from the interior seem to
prosper, particularly the Texan saxatile species such as Cheilan-
thes leucopoda, Notholaena Copelandii, and the incomparably
lovely Pellaea pulchella,a tangle of pale blue filigree. Quite dif-
ferent in aspect but full of spiky charm is P. brachyptera from
California’s serpentine, while Pityrogramma triangularis var.
pallida is the whitest of them all, the fronds being covered in
meal on the upper as well as the under surface.

Easy to manage under glass are Ranunculus (Kumlienia) hys-
triculus from dripping rocks in the Sierra, Romanzoffia Suks-
dorfii, Sedum Purdyi, and Isopyrum occidentale. Less easy, in
fact, difficult, are Senecio Greenet, Delphinium uliginosum, and
Viola Hallii, a trio partial to serpentine. Viola Beckwithii, with
deeply cut leaves and bicolored violets, has flowered outdoors
every spring since 1948, growing on a terrace of inhospitable
gravel. Before moving eastward, I should like to point out how
rewarding it is to raise annuals each year from seed, and Cali-
fornia is of course the state where they occur most abundantly.
The month of March is a gloomy one in the Hudson Valley, but
how pleasant to ignore the rigors without and step into the
greenhouse for a while to study a pan of Mimulus tricolor in full
bloom. Last spring this captive hogwallow sat snugly on the stag-
ing surrounded by similar pans of MM. Palmeri, Fremontit,
Congdoni, Kelloggit, and angustatus, the last with fantastically
long corolla-tubes rising from tiny huddles of leaves. The rare
Phacelia verna of Oregon was also present, flanked by Canbya
candida, that Lilliputian poppy of the Mohave Desert, and
Cardamine Pattersonii, confined to Saddle Mountain in north-
west Oregon and most attractive with its pink crosses and deep-
green, glossy little leaves.

When we come to the Great Basin it is a rather different story.
Such desirable cushions as Lepidum nanum, Phlox tumulosa,
and Leptodactylon caespitosum must be abandoned by the col-
lector on their lonely high plateaus, for it is madness to attempt
their cultivation. Nevada’s homesick exiles left here long ago.
From Utah we still have Townsendia minima, a most distinct
species named by Miss Eastwood and endemic to the Bryce Can-
yon region; Penstemon utahensis, bright coral-red with glaucous
leaves; Primula specuicola, mauve invalid of southern caves, and
Aquilegia micrantha which often accompanies it; Draba sub-

JANUARY, 1957] WESTERNERS IN THE EAST 117

alpina, white and showy; and Lomatium latilobum known from
a few cliffs on either side of the Utah-Colorado line. Our one
surviving specimen was recently removed from the rock garden,
where it had been since 1949, and carefully potted. The caudex
is very stout, and there are no less than six rosettes of lucent,
apple-green leaves with their broad divisions.

Arizona plants seem quite amenable on the whole. The reli-
quial Maurandya acerifolia, cousin of Mexican species, has flow-
ers of yellowish ivory and scalloped, glandular foliage more
reminiscent of a cymbalaria’s than a maple’s. Erigeron Pringlei,
similarly saxatile, is foolproof. Penstemon pinifolius, looking
like a scarlet-flowered member of the Ericopsis group (P. lina-
rioides, etc.) is found also in New Mexico and is incredibly
hearty in the open. Rarity in nature — it grows only on a few
rocky summits above 5000 feet — apparently does not prevent it
from being a durable ornament of many rock gardens, where
dozens of lesser beard-tongues have been known to fail miser-
ably. Except for bulbs, Valeriana arizonica is the first thing to
come into bloom in the greenhouse, starting in January and
continuing through February — large, compact heads of softest
pink rising just above the leaves. Polemonium Brandeget, at
least in the form on New Mexico’s Sandia Rim, bears flowers of
clear, almost golden yellow; so often they are pale as parchment
in this species. It is intensely saxatile, and therefore easier to
grow in a pot than polemoniums from alpine turf or scree (this
is practically a hard and fast rule where chasmophytes are con-
cerned). Sharing the cliffs with it are Primula Ellisiae, whose
unusual habitat is never commented on by floras, and Heuchera
pulchella forming enormous cushions of small neat leaves topped
by diminutive heads of rose. The genus Talinum is well repre-
sented in Arizona and New Mexico, the choicest being T. brevi-
folium, with extra-large pink flowers at ground-level, and T.
pulchellum, a shade more glaucous and slightly smaller flowered.
But alas, all talinums seem to have the tedious habit of only
expanding their corollas for an hour or so each day, and the
gardener has to be unpreoccupied indeed to catch them during
their fleeting moment.

The better known Talinum okanoganense from Washington
shows great tolerance of outdoor conditions, and all in all one
cannot deny it is the pearl, in both senses, of the race. Campan-

118 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

ula Piperi, endemic to the Olympics, has a reputation for diffi-
culty, and in the garden it seems hard to manage. Indoors, how-
ever, it ramps unchecked. White-leaved Synthyris lanuginosa
from the same mountains can be grown under glass, the foliage
being so beautiful that one hardly cares whether it blooms or
not — and it doesn’t very often. This came from seed sent by Mr.
Carl English, but our two plants of the closely related S. Pay-
soni were collected in 1947 on a rocky ridge in the Tetons at
9000 feet. The leaves are just as cleft but green, not white; it is
rather aloof. Other Wyoming species still around are Tanace-
tum capitatum, a silver mat of great charm, Ranunculus (Cyr-
torrhyncha) ranunculinus with corymbs of tiny yellow flowers
and deeply dissected foliage, and a single clump of Eriogonum
flavum subsp. crassifolium, whose many-rosetted dome of broad
ashen leaves has successfully come through nine summers and
winters.

Lastly, let me mention a plant from the Texas limestone:
Laphamia rotundata, confined to escarpments west of San An-
tonio. Laphamias have always intrigued us, since they are
exclusively cliff-dwellers and tend to remind us of the rich saxa-
tile flora of the Mediterranean where we spent many years
collecting. Small shrubby composites, they bloom with few ex-
ceptions in the fall. Their flowers are modest, with yellow (rarely
white) rays, and the leaves are of varied design but always pro-
portionate to the neat capitula. Last summer Laphamuia rotun-
data produced in the greenhouse a bigeneric hybrid with Perityle
coronoptfolia of Arizona and New Mexico, a white-flowered
suffrutescent species to be seen, for instance, on stark rock walls
high in the Chiricahua Mts. The hybrid plants have cream-
colored rays and foliage midway between the coarsely toothed
leaves of the Laphamia and the finely shredded ones of the
Perityle. Apparently in the East some Westerners do things they
don’t (or can’t) do at home.

NEW LIGHT ON A LOCAL EUCALYPTUS
HYBRID

BY ERIC WALTHER

When our “Key to the species of Eucalyptus grown in Cali-
fornia” was published in 1928! we devoted several pages of an

1 Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 67-87.

JANUARY, 1957] EUCALYPTUS HYBRID 119

appendix to a local eucalypt that was growing in Golden Gate
Park, San Francisco, that had puzzled us. This agreed so well
with A. Kinney’s E. Mortoniana? that was described from south-
ern California that we were strongly inclined to retain this
name. At that time nothing like this tree was on record from
Australia. The idea that it might be a hybrid of local origin,
while obvious, could not then be decided with certainty. Since
then our original tree fell and had to be disposed of, but not
before numerous seedlings could be raised. These were very uni-
form and agreed remarkably with young plants of E. globulus
Labill. in shape and size of the juvenile leaves, but their pul-
verulence was much less pronounced. On several occasions,
while visiting Santa Barbara, we were shown very similar trees,
of unknown origin, which to us at least appeared to be identical.

W. F. Blakeley,? under No. 257, treats E. Mortoniana as a
reputed hybrid of E. Maiden: F. Muell. and E. pseudo-globulus
Naudin, of which possible parents only the first mentioned was
grown here. Under his No. 255, Blakeley treats E. unialata
Baker & Smith* and, on the same page under his No. 255, he re-
fers to remarks, description, and illustration in Maiden. Here
Maiden? may be quoted: “This form I have found only in plan-
tations of EF. viminalis growing with E. globulus. I take it to bea
hybrid.” Maiden’s localities are given as Government Domain
at Hobart and the Mt. Nelson Range, both in Tasmania.

Our interest in the matter was renewed when we were
brought material, undoubtedly of this hybrid, for identifica-
tion, long after our original large tree had disappeared. Per-
sonal investigation revealed that the young tree in question was
one of numerous volunteer seedlings that had sprung up under
a specimen of EF. viminalis Labill. Less than 100 feet away was
growing a large tree of E. globulus, so that no doubt could re-
main as to the origin of this hybrid. Since the name E. Mor-
toniana antedates EF. unialata by 17 years, the former designa-
tion needs to be retained.

Over 28 years have elapsed since our first meeting with this
little problem, and we take pleasure in presenting what appears
to be its final solution.

2 A. Kinney. Eucalyptus, p. 193 (1895).
3 A Key to the Eucalypts, p. 155 (1934).
4 Papers and Proceedings Royal Society, Tasmania, p. 177 (1912).
5 J. H. Maiden. Critical Revision of the Genus Eucatyotus, part 51, p. 9 (1922).

120 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

PUGILLUS ASTRAGALORUM XX: NOTES ON
A. MULFORDAE AND SOME CLOSE RELATIVES

BY R. C. BARNEBY
Wappingers Falls, New York

To the casual or credulous reader Rybderg’s disposition of
Astragalus Mulfordae Jones (in Bull. Torr. Club 40: 51,—1913;
N. Amer. Fl. 24: 415, -1929; and Amer. Jour. Bot. 17: 232, PI.
XVII, fig. W,—1930) as the one North American member of the
Old World genus Onix, the species must appear widely isolated
in our flora. Onix Medik was based on A. galegiformis L., a Cau-
casian species differing greatly in habit of growth, form of flow-
ers, ample thin-textured foliage, and other details, and only
resembling A. Mulfordae in the structure of the pod. Included
by Bunge in his sect. Diplotheca, which contained a number of
diverse elements, A. galegiformis is recognized by Gontscharov
(in Fl. U. R. S. S. 12: 25,—1946) as representing a monotypic
section. There is no evidence that it is related to A. Mulfordae
and the similarities in the fruiting structures are to be attributed
to convergent evolution. On the other hand little doubt exists
that Jones (Rev. Astrag. 263,—1923) was correct in placing A.
Mulfordae next to A. misellus Wats. (or A. Howellii var. mi-
sellus (Wats.) Jones). These are alike in every essential par-
ticular except for the attachment of the stipules, the lower ones
being connate-amplexicaul in A. Mulfordae and free in A. mi-
sellus. Connate stipules are generally conceded to be of syste-
matic importance in Astragalus, but there are striking excep-
tions, such as A. Drummondii Dougl., where the stipules are
free in some populations and connate in others, so that the value
of this character is not absolute, but must be assessed independ-
ently in each case where it may arise and be employed chiefly as
confirmatory evidence of a relationship expressed in a general
congruence of other organs. In this case connate stipules provide
no more than a good specific character.

The two species described below, A. oniciformis and A. Johan-
nis-Howellii, are of particular interest in that they form bridges,
through A. Mulfordae, to which both are closely related, linking
two groups of species between which no close relationship has
hitherto been suspected. Thus A. oniciformis combines nearly
every feature of A. Mulfordae with the free stipules of A. misel-

JANUARY, 1957] PUGILLUS ASTRAGALORUM 121

lus, thereby confirming Jones’s disposition of the former; where-
as A. Johannis-Howellii provides a clear passage towards the
formerly isolated and more strongly modified A. Peckii Piper,
A. lentiformis Gray, and A. Lemmoni Gray.

All of the species mentioned have very small loosely racemose
white or ochroleucous (sometimes purple-veined) flowers with
more or less dimorphic wing-petals (the left one much more
strongly and abruptly incurved than the right), and deflexed,
strigulose, bilocular pods varying from stipitate to sessile and
from sharply triquetrous with three almost equally broad faces
to compressed-triquetrous, when the dorsal face becomes much
narrower than the lateral ones. Most of them are distinguished
by their extremely narrow, often mutually exclusive areas of
dispersal and all are endemic to the intermountain region, from
the south edge of the Columbia Basin and western half of the
Snake River Plains south along the eastern foot of the Sierra-
Cascade Range to east-central California. The following key
pretends to distinguish only those species directly concerned
with A. Mulfordae and the taxa newly described. Others closely
related, but not directly involved in the present problem, are A.
straturensis Jones (with bright purple flowers, of southwest Utah
and adjoining Nevada), A. toquimanus Barneby (with glabrous
pod, of central Nevada), A. Howellii Gray and A. Arthuri Jones
(much larger-flowered, of northeast Oregon and adjacent Idaho
and Washington), and probably A. carminis Barneby (purple-
flowered and of Coahuila).

KEY TO ASTRAGALUS MULFORDAE AND RELATED SPECIES

1. Stipules all, or at least those at the lower nodes, connate opposite the
petiole into an amplexicaul sheath.

2. Pod triquetrously compressed, stipitate (the stipe 0.5-5 mm. long), the
dorsal face openly sulcate, little or no narrower than the lateral faces;
leaflets (13) 15-25.

3. Stipules dimorphic, the upper ones semiamplexicaul, free, only the
lowest connate; banner 6.2-8.1 mm. and keel 4.7-5 mm. long; stipe
of the pod 3-5 mm. long, the body (9) 10-16 mm. long; leaves (2.5)
5-10.5 cm. long, the leaflets linear or linear-filiform, the terminal
one of most upper leaves confluent with the rachis; axis of the
raceme (2) 3-10 cm. long in fruit; ovules 11-16; local in Ada and
Washington counties, Idaho, and immediately adjoining Malheur
County, Oregon, elevation 2200-2750 ft. ............. A. Mulfordae
3. Stipules all connate, the uppermost ones a little more shortly so than
the lowest; banner 5-5.5 mm., keel 3.5-3.9 mm. long; stipe of the pod

122 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

0.5-2.5 mm., the body 7-10.5 mm. long; leaves 4-6 cm. long, the
oblong-oblanceolate or narrowly obovate leaflets all jointed to the
rachis; raceme-axis 1.5-4 cm. long in fruit; ovules 6-11; Mono
County, California, elevation about 7000 ft... .A. Johannis-Howellii

2. Pod laterally compressed-triquetrous, sessile or subsessile, the narrowly
sulcate dorsal face much narrower than the lateral faces; leaflets 7-15.
4. Stipules subhomomorphic, all connate; herbage loosely stigulose;

leaf-rachis stiff, persistent, running out into a filiform or slightly

enlarged and hooked appendage representing the terminal leaflet,

the leaves thus paripinnate; seeds about 1.5 mm. long; Deschutes,

Klamath, and Crook counties, Oregon................ A. Peckii

4. Stipules dimorphic, the lowest connate, the upper ones free; herbage
villosulous; leaf-rachis flaccid, the terminal leaflet jointed like the

lateral ones, the leaves imparipinnate; seeds about 2.6 mm. long;

s. Plumas and adjacent Sierra counties, California. . A. lentiformis

1. Stipules all free, the lowest sometimes fully amplexicaul but not united

opposite the petiole.

5. Diffuse or ascending xerophytic plants of dry sandy flats and hillsides
(of central transmontane Oregon, se. Washington and sw. Idaho); flow-
ers a little larger than the next, the keel 46.4 mm. long; peduncles
solitary in the axils; pod stipitate, the stipe (1.5) 2-5 mm. long.

6. Leaflets (13) 17-25 (27); peduncles 0.5-2.5 cm. long; banner 5.3-6.8
mm. long; body of the pod 6-12 mm. long; seeds 1.5-1.8 mm. long;
local in the foothills of the Sawtooth Mts. in Blaine County, Idaho. .
anand buepaieieis eerie es ymraee at Clelsie Baile et taeitaie 2's a alee eae A. oniciformis

6. Leaflets (7) 11-21; peduncles (1.5) 2.5-7 (10) cm. long; banner 7-10
mm. long; body of the pod 12-25 mm. long; ovules 11-17; seeds
2.2-2.7 mm. long; Oregon (w. Grant to Crook and Deschutes coun-
ties) and north to the Yakima River, Washington...... A. misellus

5. Prostrate mesophytic plants of lake-shores and moist stream-banks (from
the head of Deschutes River, central Oregon, s. along the foot of the
Cascades and Sierra to upper Owens Valley, California); flowers min-
ute, the keel 3.4-4 mm. long; peduncles geminate in the upper axils or
paired with a branchlet in some lower axils; pod sessile, compressed-
triquetrous, 4-7 mums long... .j1s6 cdi senna oe ee A. Lemmoni

Astragalus oniciformis Barneby, spec. nov., A. Mulfordae Jones necnon
A. misello Wats. affinis et quasi intermedia, illi habitu, foliolis numerosis,
pedunculis abbreviatis et legumine breviusculo, huic stipulis inter se liberis
acclinis, sed ab utroque iisdem notulis et insuper ovulis paucis (6-12) dis-
cedens.

Herba perennis caulescens diffusa gracilis e radice verticali, pilis brevibus
incurvis vel adscendentibus subrectis sinuosisque fere undique subcinerea,
foliolis supra glabrescentibus; caules numerosi subprostrati e caudice breviter
ramuloso emissi (0.5) 1-2.5 dm. longi, basin versus ramuligeri deinde ex
axillis omnibus racemigeri; stipulae demum chartaceae triangulari-acumi-
natae 1.5-4 mm. longae, imae amplexicaules sed inter se liberae, superiores
semiamplexicaules; folia 2.5-7.5 cm. longa breviter petiolata, foliolis (6) 8-12
(13)-jugis remotis ellipticis vel oblongis obtusis retusisve conduplicatis 1-6.5

JANUARY, 1957] PUGILLUS ASTRAGALORUM 123

(8) mm. longis, omnibus articulatis; pedunculi 0.5-2.5 cm. longi, folio multo
superati; racemi laxissime (4) 6—12-flori, floribus mox nutantibus, axi fructi-
fero 1-7 cm. longo; pedicelli filiformes arcuati vel recurvi 1-1.6 mm. longi
cum fructu tarde decidui; calycis 2.9-3.8 mm. longi tubus campanulatus
2.1-2.3 mm. longus, 1.7-2 mm. diametro, dentes subulati 0.8-1.5 mm. longi;
petala ochroleuca, vexillo lilacino-striato; vexillum per 90° abrupte recurvum
late obovato-cuneatum 5.3-6.8 mm. longum; alae (vexillo parum breviores
vel longiores) 5.7-6.8 mm. longae, laminis oblongo-obovatis obtusis 44.4 mm.
longis, 1.9-2.9 mm. latis, dextra leviter sinistra ulterius abruptiusque in-
curvis; carina 4-5 mm. longa, laminis semi-circularibus 2.4-3 mm. longis per
110-130° in apicem deltoideum incurvis; legumen pendulum stipitatum,
stipite gracili recto (1.5) 2-4 mm. longo, lanceolato- vel oblongo-ellipticum
saepissime leviter lunatim incurvum, 7-12 mm. longum, (2) 2.5-3.5 (3.8)
mm. latum, utrinque cuneatum vel basi truncatum, apice cuspidatum,
triquetrum, sutura ventrali carinatum, faciebus lateralibus planis dorsali
aperte sulcata, valvulis chartaceis densiuscule villosulo-strigulosis demum
stramineis transverse reticulatis inflexis, septo subcompleto 0.7-1.2 mm. lato;
ovula 6-12; semina brunnea nunc purpureo-guttulata laevia sed vix lucida,
1.5-1.8 mm. longa.

IpAno (all from Blaine County): sandy flats on basalt substra-
tum, elevation 4750 ft., east of Picabo, 21 June 1947, fl. & fr.,
Ripley & Barneby 8795. Type in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No.
338,410. Isotypes IDS, NY, RM, UTC, WTU. Picabo, Nelson &
Macbride 2987 (CAS), George Wood in 1941 (IDS). 3 miles west
of Carey, R. J. Davis 3088 (IDS).

The cited material has been referred, by the writer as well as
by others, to A. Mulfordae, to which A. oniciformis is more close-
ly related than might appear from the foregoing key, which is
based primarily on the stipular attachment. The two are, in fact,
disturbingly alike in general facies, both having numerous (most-
ly 17-25) small remote leaflets and short peduncles (0.5-2.5 cm.
long), and in these respects they differ together from A. misellus.
There are numerous small differences. The vesture of A. oni-
ciformis is more copious and composed of more loosely appressed
often largely sinuous hairs; the petals are ochroleucous veined
with dull lilac rather than white; the leaflets are a trifle broader
and the terminal one is articulate in all the leaves; the body of
the pod is shorter (6-12 mm. as opposed to 10-16 mm. long), the
ovules fewer (6-12 as opposed to 12-16) and the seeds smaller
(1.5-1.8 mm. as opposed to 2.2-2.6 mm. long). The present spe-
cies is locally plentiful but apparently confined to the foothills
of the Sawtooth Mountains at elevations of about 4750 to 4900
feet, whereas A. Mulfordae is known only from river-bluffs be-

124 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

tween 2200 and 2750 feet elevation along the Snake and its im-
mediate affluents in Ada and Washington counties, Idaho,
whence it extends just across the Oregon line near the mouth of
the Owyhee River. Their ranges, as known at present, are sep-
arated by a gap of over one hundred miles.

Astragalus Johannis-Howellii Barneby, spec. nov., A. Mulfordae Jones
necnon A. oniciformi Barneby (supra descripto) affinis, illius ob stipulas
connatas proxima sed ab eo floribus paulo minoribus, legumine breviori
brevius stipitato, ovulis minus numerosis, ab hoc praesertim stipulis omnibus
in vaginam amplexicaulem connatis absimilis.

Herba diffusa gracilis caulescens e radice verticali perenni, praeter folio-
lorum paginam superiorem pilis brevibus subappressis et adscendentibus
basifixis undique striguloso-villosula; caules annotini e caudicis suffruticulosi
ramulis emissi 1.5-4 dm. longi verosimiliter prostrati inferne ramulosi, infra
medium et deinde sursum floriferi; stipulae scariosae 1.5-4 mm. longae
imae in vaginam campanulatam breviter bidentatam superiores brevius
coadunatae; folia 4-6 cm. longa, breviter petiolata, foliolis (6) 7—11-jugis
remotis oblongo-oblanceolatis, -ellipticis vel anguste obovatis obtusis con-
duplicatis 1.5-6 mm. longis, omnibus articulatis; pedunculi tenuissimi 0.8-2.5
cm. longi folio superati; racemi laxissime 6—12-flori, floribus demum declin-
atis, axi fructifero 1.5-4 cm. longo; pedicelli filiformes demum arcuati
0.8-1.3 mm. longi, fructiferi persistentes; calycis 2.9-3.8 mm. longi tubus
campanulatus 1.6-2 mm. longus, 1.5-1.7 mm. diametro, dentes subulati
1.3-1.8 mm. longi; petala albida immaculata; vexillum per 90° recurvum
ovato-cuneatum emarginatum 5-5.5 mm. longum, 3.6-3.8 mm. latum; alae
4.4—-5.2 mm. longae, laminis oblongo-ellipticis obtusis 3.4-3.9 mm. longis,
dextra leviter sinistra fere per angulum rectum incurvis; carina 3.3-3.9 mm.
longa, laminis semi-circularibus 2.1-2.4 mm. longis per 110° in apicem
deltoideum abrupte incurvis; legumen pendulum stipitatum, stipite recto
gracili 0.5-2.5 mm. longo, lunatim oblongo-ellipticum 7-10.5 mm. longum,
2.5-3 mm. latum, utrinque cuneatim contractum, apice cuspidulatum, tri-
quetrum, sutura ventrali carinatum, faciebus lateralibus planis dorsali aperte
sulcata, valvulis chartaceo-membranaceis demum stramineis strigulosis trans-
verse reticulatis inflexis, septo subcompleto circa 1 mm. lato; ovula 6-11;
semina brunnea nunc purpureo-guttulata sublucida 1.6—2.4 mm. longa.

CALIFORNIA: near Owens River, east of Whitmore Tubs
Springs, elevation about 7000 ft., in Long Valley, Mono Coun-
ty, 8 August 1938, fl. & fr., John Thomas Howell 14383. Type
in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 265372. This locality is probably
now inundated by Lake Crowley, formed by the dam across
Owens River near the south end of Long Valley.

The remarkable little plant described here was at first deter-
mined by the writer, reluctantly it is true, as a form of A. Mul-
fordae with short-stipitate pod. Difficulty in separating the two
species arose from my failure to separate A. Mulfordae from A.

JANUARY, 1957] CENTROSTEGIA 125

oniciformis which exhibit, collectively, most of the characters
of A. Johannis-Howellii. Once the oniciformis element is re-
moved from A. Mulfordae and the latter is more narrowly and
accurately defined, it becomes a simple matter to distinguish
the present species, as shown by the numerous differential char-
ters brought out in the key. Although the ranges of variation in
the body and stipe of the pod, in the shape of the leaflets, the
size of the flowers and the number of ovules are nearly identical
in A. Johannis-Howellii and A. oniciformis the great difference
in the stipules coupled with dramatic geographical isolation at
points nearly five hundred miles apart provide an ample basis
for separating the two taxa. I suspect that they are not so much
directly related as parallel developments from a common but
relatively remote ancestor. Probably A. Johannis-Howellii is at
least as close to A. lentiformis and A. Peckii, although in both
these species the stipe of the pod is suppressed or reduced to a
rudiment and the body of the pod has become more strongly
compressed laterally.

THE GENUS CENTROSTEGIA,
TRIBE ERIOGONEAE

BY GEORGE J. GOODMAN
University of Oklahoma, Norman

In 1856, Dr. Gray described the genus Centrostegia, based on
a collection made in southern California by George Thurber. In
1870, when Torrey and Gray revised the Eriogoneae, the genus
was maintained, and a second species, C. leptoceras, was newly
described. In 1877, Watson revised the genus Chorizanthe and
included in it three groups previously described as genera. His
opening remark was that Chorizanthe was “A polymorphous
genus... .”” Indeed it was, containing such elements as Acantho-
gonum, Mucronea, Eriogonella, and the two species of Centro-
stegia. Most authors of western floras have followed Watson’s
course, and it is understandable, historically, that two species
that have been discovered since, and that are referable to Cen-
trostegia were both described in Chorizanthe.

The delimitation of the four species here considered presents
no problem, the taxa being very distinct. The apparent rela-

126 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

tionship of the four to the rest of the Eriogoneae, however, war-
rants a word of explanation.

In the following table, the morphological characters of Cen-
trostegia are compared with Chorizanthe, the genus with which
it has been so generally united, and with Oxytheca (interpreted
here as consisting of O. dendroidea and O. Watsoni, both of
which Miss Stokes, correctly, I think, referred to Eriogonum, and
excluding O. caryophylloides, O. emarginata, and O. trilobata,
a group which it is thought requires separate treatment).

CENTROSTEGIA OXYTHECA CHORIZANTHE
Pubescence glandular glandular non-glandular
Bract position alternate opposite or opposite or
in 3’s whorled
Bract shape trilobed entire entire
Involucral tube elongated not elongated elongated
Number of flow- 2-6 (sometimes several 1
ers in an but 1 in one
involucre of the species)
Pedicels long long very short to
medium
Perianth divided divided lobed
Cotyledons circular and circular and linear and
accumbent accumbent straight

It is evident that Centrostegia and Chorizanthe have but one
of the characters listed in common — the elongated involucral
tube. Centrostegia agrees in all respects with Oxytheca except
as to the involucral tube and the shape and position of the
bracts. On the basis of these characters almost entirely is Cen-
trostegia held generically distinct from Oxytheca.

Centrostegia Gray ex Benth. in DC. Prod. 14: 27 (1856); Gray in Torr.
Pac. R. R. Rept. 7: 19 (1858); Torrey & Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 191 (1870);
Benth. & Hooker, Gen. Pl. 3: 93 (1880); Dammer in Engler & Prantl, Nat.
Pflanzenfam. 31: 13 (1893); Goodding, Bot. Gaz. 37: 53 (1904); Rydb., FI.
Rocky Mts. 229 (1918) and ed. 2 (1923).

Annual desert herbs; dichotomously branching or trichotomous at the
first node; leaves basal, oblanceolate, glabrate; stems glandular-pubescent;
bracts alternate and 3-lobed, the lobes spine-tipped; involucres sessile or
subsessile and with a definite tube, teeth spine-tipped; flowers 2-6 in each
involucre (sometimes but one occurring in C. Thurberi), pedicellate (pedi-

JANUARY, 1957] CENTROSTEGIA 127

cels often quite as long as the flowers), perianth cleft to the base, the (very
usually) 6 segments similar; stamens 9 (sometimes fewer developing), at-
tached at the base of the perianth; achene trigonous above, styles 3, medium
long, capitate; embryo with accumbent, circular cotyledons.
The involucral tube varies in cross section from quadrangular (in C.
Vortriedei) to pentagonal or essentially circular, but is never triangular.
Type species: Centrostegia Thurberi Gray ex Benth.

KEY TO THE SPECIES

Involucres lacking spurs or spines at the base.

SB ert Ta) oh AN UM RURUIE eyes lay) isin ire oe 9 ores! Wher alae woraeleratara 1. C. insignis

SReL/ S, ISEANNY TMICINAES oh). ews s lane, en shale eens 2. C. Vortriedei
Involucres with spines or spurs at the base.

Involucre with 6 slender spines at base ................ 3. C. leptoceras

Involucre with 3 conical spurs at base .................. 4. C. Thurberi

1, CENTROSTEGIA INSIGNIS (Curran) Heller, Cat. No. Am. PI. ed. 3, 97 (1910).

Chorizanthe insignis Curran, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 275 (1886), and most sub-
sequent authors.

Oxytheca insignis (Curran) Goodman, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 21: 91 (1934).

Flowers pubescent and commonly 6 in each involucre.

The structure of the involucre, the number of flowers in the involucre,
and their appearance all indicate a relationship with C. leptoceras, as Mrs.
Curran suggested.

Type: Indian Valley, near the Salinas River, Monterey Co., California,
June, 1885, Mary K. Curran.

Number of collections seen: 8.

Time of flowering: May, June, and July.

Distribution. CALIFORNIA: Monterey and San Luis Obispo counties.

2. CENTROSTEGIA VORTRIEDEI (T. S. Brandegee) Goodman, Ann. Mo. Bot.
Gard. 21: 91 (1934).

Chorizanthe Vortriedei T. S. Brandegee, Zoe 4: 158 (1893), and most sub-
sequent authors.

Flowers 2, glabrous, the lower half yellow, the perianth segments bilobed.

Type: Santa Lucia Mountains, Monterey Co., California, June, 1892, Wm.
Vortriede.

Number of collections seen: 7.

Time of flowering: May, June, and July.

Distribution. CALIFORNIA: Monterey County.

3. CENTROSTEGIA LEPTOCERAS Gray in Torrey & Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8:
192 (1870); Goodding, Bot. Gaz. 37: 53 (1904); Goodman, Ann. Mo. Bot.
Gard. 21: 91 (1934).

Chorizanthe leptoceras (Gray) Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 269 (1877), and
most subsequent authors.

Flowers pubescent, as many as 6 in an involucre.

Type: “Plains of San Gabriel,” Los Angeles Co., California, William Lobb.

Number of collections seen: 20.

128 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

Time of flowering: April, May, and June.

Distribution. CaLirornia: Los Angeles, Riverside, and San Bernardino
counties.

Six sheets of Parish Bros. 829 have been seen. The month and year vary,
and four are indicated as from San Bernardino County. Two are stated to
be from San Jacinto Plains, San Diego County. The sheet at the University
of California has such a printed label but it has been modified, deleting “San
Jacinto,” and the county changed to San Bernardino. Perhaps all six sheets
are from San Bernardino County.

4. CENTROSTEGIA THURBERI Gray ex Benth. in DC. Prod. 14: 27 (1856);
Gray in Torrey, Pac. R. R. Rept. 7: 20, pl. 8 (1858); Dammer in Engler &
Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 31: 12, fig. 5P (1891); Goodman, Ann. Mo. Bot.
Gard. 21: 91 (1934).

Chorizanthe Thurberi (Gray) Wats., Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 269 (1877), and
most subsequent authors.

Flowers pubescent, 1 or 2 in an involucre.

This species is represented by two varieties, the ranges of which do not
overlap.

4a. CENTROSTEGIA THURBERI Var. THURBERI.

Centrostegia Thurberi Gray, loc. cit.

Type: Sandy hillsides near San Felipe, San Diego Co., California, May,
1852, George Thurber.

Chorizanthe Thurberi var. cryptantha Curran, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 275
(1886).

Type: Mojave Desert, Lancaster Station, Los Angeles Co., California,
July, 1884, Mary K. Curran.

Centrostegia cryptantha (Curran) Goodding, Bot. Gaz. 37: 53 (1904).

Number of collections seen: 172. Of these, 137 are from California and 44
from San Bernardino County.

Time of flowering: primarily April, May, and June. Over 40% of all
collections seen were collected in May.

Distribution. Arizona: Gila, Maricopa, Mojave, Pima, Yavapai, and Yuma
counties. CALIFORNIA: Inyo, Kern, Kings, Los Angeles, Riverside, San Ber-
nardino, San Diego, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, and Ventura counties.
Nevana: Clark, Lincoln, and Washoe counties. UTAH: Washington County.

A few collections from Arizona and Nevada have not been located as to
county.

4b. Centrostegia Thurberi var. macrotheca (J. T. Howell) Goodman,
comb. nov.

Chorizanthe Thurberi var. macrotheca J. T. Howell, Leafl. West. Bot. 3:
205 (1943).

Differing from the type variety in having larger conspicuously veined in-
volucres, these being 8-9 mm. long and wide.

Type: Alcalde, western Fresno Co., California, May 9, 1893, Alice Eastwood.

Number of collections seen: 3.

Time of flowering: May and June.

Distribution. CALIFORNIA: Fresno and San Benito counties.

JANUARY, 1957] CALIFORNIA PLANTS 129

OBSERVATIONS ON CALIFORNIA PLANTS—IV

BY ROBERT F. HOOVER
California State Polytechnic College, San Luis Obispo

These notes deal with plants in the relationship of the genus
Allium, referred in Engler’s system of classification to the sub-
family Allioideae of the family Liliaceae, but according to
Hutchinson’s system belonging to the Amaryllidaceae.

TRITELEIA LUGENS Greene. The known geographical distribu-
tion of this rare plant has been puzzling. Collections have been
made in a coherent small area of the north Coast Ranges in
Lake, Sonoma, Napa, and Solano counties; then the species has
been reported at two remote localities to the south, one in the
San Gabriel Mountains of Los Angeles County, California, and
the other on Guadalupe Island, Baja California (Hoover, 1941,
p- 87). This “almost incredible” distributional pattern is made
more credible by a recent discovery: 1.5 miles north of site of
Pinnacles station (about 27 miles from Hollister on road to King
City), San Benito County, May 6, 1956, Hoover 8374. The plants
were locally plentiful on east-facing slopes in the partial shade
of oaks.

The flowers, which I had described as “dull yellow’ from
study of dried specimens, were a bright shade of yellow. Other
yellow flowers were abundant on the same slopes, so that the
plants of Triteleia could very easily have been overlooked except
for my special interest in the group. Other occurrences of T.
lugens between the northern and southern parts of its range,
it may be concluded, remain to be discovered.

The nature of the plant’s occurrence also has significance with
regard to its proper taxonomic status. Triteleia lugens has been
by various authors reduced to varietal rank under T. ixioides.
The latter occurs in western Monterey County and northwestern
San Benito County. Two varieties of the same species, when
occurring in relative geographical proximity, may reasonably
be expected to show some evidence of exchange of genes. Tri-
telera ixioides and T. lugens are, however, as distinct from each
other in San Benito County as in the remainder of their ranges.
Aside from the distinctive form of the filaments, T. lugens has
flowers of smaller average size than those of T. ixioides, and the
pedicels are shorter, so that the umbel is relatively compact.

130 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

Triteleia lugens, with the possible exception of its inadequately
known occurrence on Guadalupe Island, inhabits regions of
considerable temperature fluctuation with long dry summers.
True T. ixioides, in contrast, is adapted to the cool coastal cli-
mate with frequent summer fogs. In correlation with the differ-
ence between their habitats, T. lwgens flowers at least a month
earlier than does T. ixioides.

AN INTERSPECIFIC HyBrRID IN TRITELEIA. In the Milo district
in the Sierra Nevada of Tulare County, Tvriteleia scabra
(Greene) Hoover and T. hyacinthina (Lindl.) Greene are both
abundant. Here, as well as elsewhere, the two species show a dif-
ference in habitat preference. Triteleia hyacinthina grows in
moist depressions or on the lower part of slopes where the soil is
retentive of water, whereas T. scabra favors higher and drier
situations. Nevertheless, the local topography is such that the
two are often found close together.

On April 28, 1956, several plants were found in the Milo dis-
trict which were obviously of hybrid origin (Hoover 8371). They
were not plentiful but were scattered over a considerable local
area. All such plants were found where both the presumed par-
ent species grew very near. Corms were collected, so that in
future years it may be possible to report on the sterility or fer-
tility of the hybrid, and the nature of its possible progeny.

The hybrid is compared with its parents in the following
table:

T. HYACINTHINA
Perianth white, bowl-
shaped with ascending
segments.

Stamens equal, their
filaments distant from
one another and from
the style, deltoid-di-
lated toward base, not
forked or notched at
apex.

Scape scabrous near
base, or quite smooth.

HyYsBriID
Perianth white, inter-
mediate in shape.

Stamens alternately
long and short, their
filaments intermediate
in position, deltoid-di-
lated, usually notched
or very shortly forked
at apex, or sometimes
merely truncate below
attachment of anther.

Scape varying from
moderately scabrous to
entirely smooth.

T. SCABRA
Perianth yellowish, with
segments rotate or re-
flexed from the mouth
of the short tube.

Stamens alternately
long and short, their fil-
aments contiguous or
nearly so, forming a
false tube around the
style, gradually and
slightly widened toward
base, usually conspicu-
ously forked at apex.

Scape markedly hairy
near base.

JANUARY, 1957] CALIFORNIA PLANTS 131

Aside from its intrinsic interest, the hybrid here reported fur-
nishes confirmatory evidence regarding the circumscription of
Triteleia as a genus. Triteleia hyacinthina is the type of the
genus Hesperoscordum Lindl., while T. scabra has been referred
to Calliprora Lindl. However, the existence of morphologically
intermediate species had already made it clear, even in the ab-
sence of evidence from genetics, that Hesperoscordum and Calli-
prora should not be held generically distinct from each other
or from typical Tritelera (Greene, 1886; Hoover, 1941). The
hybridization of the two species agrees with the conclusion pre-
viously reached on other grounds, that they are congeneric. A
parallel instance of hybridization between T. Bridgesii (section
Hesperoscordum) and T. ixtoides (section Calliprora) (Hoover,
1941, p. 76, and 1955, p. 19) leads to the same conclusion.

TRITELEIA LILACINA Greene. Previously I have reduced this
rare plant to varietal status as T. hyacinthina var. Greenei
(Hoover, 1941). Recent field observation suggests that Greene,
in judging it to be a distinct species, gave better expression to
the biological facts.

In an open field about two miles west of Chinese Camp,
Tuolumne County, T. hyacinthina was found in low places,
growing in relatively moist soil, while T. lilacina occurred on
higher ground in thin dry soil over rocks. The remarkable thing
about their occurrence is that there was no mixing of colonies
of the two species. The boundary between them was as well
defined as if artificially drawn. Although the two entities were
immediately adjacent to each other, no apparent hybrids or
intergrading forms could be found. The two collections con-
firming this occurrence, both made April 21, 1956, are Hoover
8366 for T. hyacinthina and Hoover 8367 for T. lilacina.

Triteleia lilacina is very similar to T. hyacinthina in aspect,
but the following differences were noted in fresh flowers:

Perianth at anthesis bowl-shaped, the segments ascending; no hyaline vesicles
it perianth-tube; anthers yellow 22.0000. ewe cance eee et T. hyacinthina
Perianth somewhat pointed at base, the segments subrotate; interior of
perianth-tube covered with hyaline vesicles; anthers pale to deep blue. .
mel Eicon) «Ati Anier yt Add sehen. oR uals Pare his T. lilacina

The difference in color of the anthers was constant at this
locality but is not everywhere reliable. In examining a large
series of specimens of T. hyacinthina, I found that a few speci-

132 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

mens from the northern Sierra Nevada had considerable blue
color in both the anthers and the perianth.

The perianth of T. lilacina, which is white when fresh, be-
comes markedly tinged with purple in drying. This change in
color would account for Greene’s original description of the
flowers as “‘lilac-purple.”

Brodiaea elegans Hoover var. australis Hoover, var. nov. Staminodiis
stamina superantibus, purpureo-tinctis, obtusis, margine paulo involuta.

Staminodia longer than the stamens, purple-tinged, obtuse, with slightly
involute margin.

Type in California State Polytechnic College herbarium:
Terra Bella, Tulare County, California (persistent in unculti-
vated strip along railway), April 28, 1956, Hoover 8372.

The two species of “Harvest Brodiaea,”’ B. coronaria and
B. elegans, are distinct enough over most of their ranges, but
some seemingly intermediate specimens have constituted a dif-
ficult problem in classification (Hoover, 1939, p. 557). Certain
plants of this relationship occurring in Tulare County have the
general aspect of B. elegans and, unlike true B. coronaria, have
a turbinate rather than cup-shaped perianth-tube, but the rela-
tively long staminodia, evident even in herbarium specimens,
showed the plants to be not identical with typical B. elegans.
Observation of living plants now leads to the conclusion that
this variant should be placed in varietal status. Specimens from
San Bernardino County which have been referred to B. elegans
are probably essentially identical, but I should prefer to study
living plants before definitely citing them under this name.

The geographical position of B. elegans var. australis suggests
a possible origin by hybridization between the widely distrib-
uted B. elegans var. elegans and B. coronaria var. kernensis.
However, in the absence of experimental evidence, it is by no
means necessary to invoke hybridization to account for the char-
acters and occurrence of this variety. Presumably these species
and varieties, closely related as they unquestionably are, had a
common ancestor. In the course of evolution, the varying forms
of the ancestral population, it may be postulated, became sorted
out into more or less distinct areas of distribution.

As a review of the named variants of B. elegans, the following
key to varieties is offered:

JANUARY, 1957] | THE CALIFORNIA PROVINCE 133

Staminodia flat, acute, white, shorter than the stamens.
Umbels loose; staminodia 9-11 mm. long; filaments 4-6 mm. long;

antnees F— LO aa ran Dae a a ais sn old oy faints uot siggy ashen aS 2 var. elegans
Umbels relatively compact; staminodia 7-8 mm. long; filaments 3 mm.
Inne; anthers. 6-7 ‘Mit. Toney’... os nd one toe var. mundula

Staminodia slightly involute, obtuse, purplish, longer than the stamens. .
Peta eetare oaie ie ate clat ave ev anaterete) se cals areviena wie aretereteheratets Vert tated var. australis

REFERENCES

GREENE, E. L. Some genera which have been confused under the name
Brodiaea. Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2: 125-144 (1886).

Hoover, R. F. A revision of the genus Brodiaea. Am. Midl. Nat. 22: 551-574
(1939).

——. A systematic study of Triteleia. Am. Midl. Nat. 25: 73-100 (1941).

——. Further observations on Brodiaea and some related genera. Plant Life
11: 13-23 (1955).

THE CALIFORNIA FLORA AND ITS
PROVINCE

BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

As I was preparing my catalogue of California endemics (1955)
based on those so-indicated in Jepson’s Manual of the Flowering
Plants of California (1923-25), I was aware of two weaknesses in
the list: (1) the inclusion of certain plants as endemics that are
known to extend beyond the state boundaries; and (2) the ex-
clusion of many typically Californian plants that range into
northern Baja California or southwestern Oregon. At that time,
it was my intention to prepare an up-to-date corrected list of
endemics, the endemics still determined by the political boun-
daries of the state; but on further consideration, I decided that
a study of endemism in a California area based on a natural
floristic concept would yield results of higher phytogeographic
importance. Immediately the questions arose: is there a natural
California flora; and if there is, what are its boundaries?

I believe that there is a segment of vegetation along the Pa-
cific coast of North America distinctive and extensive enough
to be termed the California flora. Two marks for this flora are
the high endemism which is found in both genera and species,
and the distinctive associations in which these genera and species
occur. Endemism in the California flora is of that proportion

134 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

which one usually associates with insular, not with continental,
floras. Moreover, the endemics, both generic and specific, dis-
play all of the diversity of distribution and of origin one might
expect in a well-matured flora — some are broadly distributed
and others are extremely limited; some show boreal affinities,
many austral. Also this endemism pervades all groups of seed
plants from gymnosperms to sunflowers, and is found in all
growth forms, from ephemeral herbs to giant trees.

These endemic plants, as well as others growing with them
that are more widespread, become assorted because of diverse
geological, geographic, and climatic factors, and give rise to
several plant associations which impart to the landscape aspects
that are often peculiarly Californian. In broad terms I would
list the following plant associations as those most typical:

1. Redwood forest and its forest borders.

2. Montane (‘‘Sierran’’) coniferous forest.

3. Closed-cone pine and cypress forest.

4. Sonoran chaparral.

5. Coastal and interior brush and sagebrush.

6. Hill and valley grassland and savanna woodland.
Partly due to the conditions under which they have developed
and partly due to the many endemic plants that are found in
them, these associations have an appearance more or less dis-
tinctive, even when they are as widespread as coniferous forest
or grassland. On the other hand, the montane coniferous forest
of California merges gradually with that of the Cascade Moun-
tains in Oregon and even the chaparral has a rather widespread
development in the mountains of central Arizona.

In general, however, the above-listed associations are as Cali-
fornian as the many endemic plants that grow in them, and, to-
gether with those plants, are a distinctive mark of a California
flora. Regardless of how this flora may fit into a hierarchy of
American floras or biologic provinces, whether as a distinct
major flora, or whether as a subdivision of some broader floris-
tic concept, there is such a flora, transitional from boreal and
mesophytic to austral and desert, that is worthy of recognition.

The high endemism and distinctive plant formations charac-
teristic of the California flora extend from southern Oregon to
northern Baja California; hence, in outlining a floral province,
it is necessary to cross political boundaries in order to encompass

JANUARY, 1957] | THE CALIFORNIA PROVINCE 135

the entire flora. On the other hand, all of the state of California
is not within the California floral province since there are ex-
tensive areas in the eastern part of California that cannot be in-
cluded in the California province, areas to be related floristically
in large part to the Columbia Plateau, Great Basin, or Sonoran
Desert. Because, however, the largest part of the province lies
within and centers in the state, it seems entirely proper to call
the province the California Floral Province and its flora, the
California Flora.

When delimiting a continental flora it is generally not pos-
sible to establish a definite lineal boundary except where the
boundary is defined by sudden changes in the character of the
terrain, by large bodies of water or by abrupt mountain ranges.
Otherwise a given flora merges gradually with that of the adja-
cent province with the zone of transition sometimes many miles
broad. Both kinds of boundaries delimit the California prov-
ince: the Pacific Ocean forms most of the western boundary and
the precipitous eastern escarpment of the Sierra Nevada, Sierra
Madre, Sierra Juarez, and Sierra San Pedro Martir establishes
most of the eastern boundary; but on the north and south where
the California flora merges gradually with the Northwest Coast-
Cascade and Sonoran Desert floras respectively, the boundary
is not so definite. The following outline gives the boundaries
of the California Floral Province as I now accept it, but with
further study it may be necessary to modify certain details.

_ The northernmost point of the California Floral Province is
on the Oregon coast in the vicinity of Coos Bay. There, due to
the effect of higher summer temperatures modified by coastal
fogs, certain California plants reach their northern limit and
there also certain ancient rocks of the Klamath Mountain area
reach their northern limit. From Coos Bay the boundary runs
southeasterly to the divide between the Umpqua and Rogue
rivers and thence continues on southeasterly, up the arm of the
Rogue River Valley in which Ashland is situated, to the Oregon-
California line. This floristic boundary excludes from the Cali-
fornia Floral Province all of the Cascade Mountains in Oregon
and includes in the province the Klamath Mountains, which
continue on southward into California to encompass such ridges
as the Marble Mountains, Scott Mountains, and Trinity Alps.
Whereas most of the Rogue River drainage west of the Cascade

136 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

Mountains is included in the California province, the floristic-
ally closely related Umpqua River Valley is not, it being better
considered a transitional zone from the California province to
that of the Northwest Coast and Cascades.

In California the boundary extends southerly along the east
side of the Klamath area, and from the vicinity of Mt. Shasta
turns southeastward to the north end of the Sierra Nevada near
Susanville. This excludes from the California province Mt.
Shasta, Shasta Valley, eastern Siskiyou County, and all of Modoc
County, but includes Mt. Lassen and the highlands around it.
The line may be altered to include Mt. Shasta, but at present it
is considered Cascadian floristically, as certainly it is geologi-
cally.

The line then runs southerly along the east side of the Sierra
Nevada, taking in the Lake Tahoe angle of Nevada, and on as
far as the Tehachapi Mountains. This cuts off part of Lassen
County and most of Mono and Inyo counties. Whether to in-
clude in the California province a part of the Mohave Desert is
a question, but at present I am excluding it, considering it a
great transitional area (or floristic province of its own) where
the floras of California, Great Basin, Southwestern Plateau, and
Sonoran Desert merge. From the Tehachapi area the boundary
continues along the north side of the San Gabriel and San Ber-
nardino mountains, thence it rounds the east end of the San
Bernardino Mountains and continues south along the east side
of the San Jacinto, Santa Rosa, and Cuyamaca mountains to
the Mexican border. This excludes from the California province
the Colorado Desert and the mountains between the Colorado
and Mohave deserts. The flora of the Colorado Desert belongs
chiefly to that of the Sonoran Desert.

Since the mountain range and the flora do not stop at the
border, the California Floral Province goes on too, taking in
the chaparral and forest belts of the Sierra Juarez and of the
Sierra San Pedro Martir. The southernmost point of the Cali-
fornia Floral Province on the mainland is near the southern end
of the Sierra San Pedro Martir, about 160 miles south of the
international boundary.

On the west side of Baja California between these ranges and
the Pacific Ocean, the southern boundary of the floral province
is not very definite since there is no decided climatic or geo-

JANUARY, 1957] | THE CALIFORNIA PROVINCE 137

graphic break. This part of the boundary is determined by the
southern limit of the chaparral which extends in typical form
near sea level to the Santo Tomas Valley, a short distance south
of Ensenada. Beyond Santo Tomas Valley, however, the transi-
tion between the chaparral and the Sonoran Desert is very
gradual, so that the northern boundary of the desert is not
reached for about 100 miles and many California plants extend
for varying distances southward into this broad transition zone
to mingle with desert plants. Shreve (1936) places the northern
boundary of the Sonoran Desert on the west coast of Baja Cali-
fornia about 20 miles north of Rosario.

The islands off southern California belong entirely to the
California province. On Guadalupe and Cedros islands off Baja
California, however, the higher ridges belong to the California
province, while the more desert lowlands belong to the Sonoran
Desert or to the transition zone between chaparral and desert.

Jepson in the opening pages of his Manual outlines the prov-
ince of a California flora similar in many details to the one pro-
posed here, but after arguing strongly in favor of it, he devotes
the remainder of the work to a California flora determined by
political boundaries.

A California Floral Province having the character and extent
outlined is a sort of super-biotic province in the sense of Dice
(1943). Dice says that a biotic province “covers a considerable
and continuous geographic area and is characterized by the oc-
currence of one or more important ecological associations that
differ, at least in proportional area covered, from the associa-
tions of adjacent provinces. In general, biotic provinces are char-
acterized also by peculiarities of vegetation type, ecological cli-
max, flora, fauna, climate, physiography, and soil.” The Cali-
fornia Floral Province is not only marked as a coherent “super-
biotic province’ by its flora and distinctive plant associations,
but it is also a region physiographically and climatically distinct.
In a generalized way the area is almost completely isolated by
the Pacific Ocean, the mountains of southwestern Oregon, the
montane axis from the Sierra Nevada to the Sierra San Pedro
Martir, and the desert of Baja California. In this great area the
climate is characterized by precipitation chiefly in the winter
but with summer dryness somewhat alleviated along the coast
by dense fogs. Botanically, physiographically, and climatically

138 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

the California Floral Province is a distinct area and it and its
flora are worthy of delimitation and description.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abrams, L. R. 1910. Phytogeographic features in a Phytogeographic and
Taxonomic Study of the Southern California Trees and Shrubs. Bull.
N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6: 307-322.

1923. Introduction in Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States. Pp. v—viii.
Brandegee, T. S. 1893. Southern extension of California flora. Zoe 4: 199-210.
Dice, L. R. 1943. The Biotic Provinces of North America. viii + 78 pp.
Howell, J. T. 1955. A tabulation of California endemics. Leafl. West. Bot.

7: 257-264.
Jepson, W. L. 1925. Outline of geographic distribution of seed plants in
California in a Manual of the Flowering Plants of California. Pp. 3-20.
Mason, H. L. 1936. The principles of geographic distribution as applied to
floral analysis. Madrono 3: 181-190.
Munz, P. A. 1935. A discussion of distribution of southern California plants
in a Manual of Southern California Botany. Pp. vii-xxviii.
Peck, M. E. 1941. Plant areas of Oregon in a Manual of the Higher Plants
of Oregon. Pp. 10-30.
Shreve, F. 1936. The transition from desert to chaparral in Baja California.
Madronio 3: 257-264.
1942. The vegetation of Arizona in Kearney and Peebles, Flowering Plants
and Ferns of Arizona. Pp. 10-23.
1951. Vegetation of the Sonoran Desert in Shreve and Wiggins, Vegetation
and Flora of the Sonoran Desert. Carnegie Institution of Washington
Publication No. 591, Vol. 1.

THE CALIFORNIA FLORAL PROVINCE AND
ITS ENDEMIC GENERA

BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

In my “Tabulation of California endemics,” I listed 28 gen-
era restricted to California in a political, not a phytogeographic,
sense (Leafl. West. Bot. 7: 260), but because I overlooked several
distributional references and have subsequently subtracted four
of those genera (ibid., 7: 290; 8: 59), the number of genera
strictly confined to California is now 24. Since in my description
and delimitation of a natural California flora (supra, pp. 133-
137) I echoed the opinion of former students of this flora in stat-
ing that the large number of endemics is one of its chief marks
(cf. Jepson, 1925, p. 4; Eastwood, 1947, p. 55), I have been inter-

JANUARY, 1957] | CALIFORNIA ENDEMIC GENERA 139

ested in noting how the change from a political to a natural flor-
istic boundary might alter the number of endemics. There has
not yet been time to enumerate the many species and varieties,
but a preliminary list of genera floristically Californian is being
presented herewith that totals 65. So large and impressive a num-
ber of endemic genera would certainly appear to justify a phyto-
geographic concept for a California flora, and the importance
of the floristic viewpoint is further enhanced when one notes
the inclusion of such genera as Sequoia, Umbellularia, Adenos-
toma, and Hemizonia.

It should be remembered, however, that the boundaries of a
continental flora are generally not definite lines like those of
a political subdivision and that whether or not a certain plant
is counted as endemic may be a matter for discussion. In the list
that I am presenting here, several genera are included whose
distributions extend somewhat beyond the limits of the Califor-
nia Floral Province, but in each case the distribution of the
genus is chiefly within our province and the extra-limital dis-
tribution is minor in extent or more or less confined to an area
transitional to an adjacent flora. Thus, Darlingtonia and Pelti-
phyllum which range somewhat north of the province line in
Oregon are listed as Californian, whereas Cneoridium and Ber-
gerocactus are excluded and interpreted as genera endemic to
the transitional zone between the California and Sonoran Desert
floras. Such genera as Cycladenia with an isolated variety in
southern Utah and Malacothamnus with a single recently recog-
nized Chilean species! are excluded from the endemic count.
The distributional data for the genera are mostly derived from
current revisions, floras, and plant lists as they pertain to the
Pacific coast states.

Sequoia Endl. (Taxod.) — Sw. Ore. to Calif.

SEQUOIADENDRON Buchholz (Taxod.) — Sierra Nevada, Calif.

NEOSTAPFIA Davy (Gram.) — Great Valley, Calif.

OrcuTTIA Vasey (Gram.) — Shasta Co., Calif., to San Quintin, Baja Calif.

Bioome_ria Kell. (Lil.) — Calif. to n. Baja Calif.

CHLOROGALUM Kunth (Lil.) — Coos Co., Ore., to n. Baja Calif.

MulILia Wats. (Lil.) — Calif. ton. Baja Calif., e. to Mohave Desert and Great
Basin borders.

OponTostoMuUM Torr. (Lil.) — Calif.

1 Malacothamnus chilensis (Gay) Krapovickas, Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 4: 189 (1952).

140 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

SCHOENOLIRION Durand (Lil.) — Sw. Ore. to n. Calif.

HOLLIsTERIA Wats. (Polygon.) — Calif.

APHANISMA Nutt. (Chenop.) — S. Calif. to n. Baja Calif.

UMBELLULARIA Nutt. (Laur.) — S. Douglas Co., Ore., to s. Calif.

DENDROMECON Benth. (Papav.) — Calif. to n. Baja Calif.

RomneyA Harv. (Papav.) — S. Calif. to n. Baja Calif.

STYLOMECON G. Taylor (Papav.) — Calif. to n. Baja Calif.

HETERODRABA Greene (Crucif.) — S. Ore. to n. Baja Calif.

TropmpocarPuM Hook. (Crucif.) — Calif. to n. Baja Calif., e. to Mohave
Desert.

DaRLINGTONIA Torr. (Sarrac.) — Lane Co., Ore., to n. Calif.

HASSEANTHUS Rose (Crass.) — S. Calif. ton. Baja Calif.

SEDELLA Britt. & Rose (Crass.) — Calif.

BENSONIA Abrams & Bacigalupi (Saxifr.) — Sw. Ore. to nw. Calif.

CARPENTERIA Torr. (Saxifr.) — Central Sierra Nevada, Calif.

Jersonia Small (Saxifr.) — Calif. to n. Baja Calif.

PELTIPHYLLUM Engler (Saxifr.) — Benton Co., Ore., to Calif.

SAXIFRAGOPSIS Small (Saxifr.) — Sw. Ore. to nw. Calif.

LYONOTHAMNUsS Gray (Ros.) — Islands of s. Calif.

ADENOSTOMA H. & A. (Ros.) — Calif. to n. Baja Calif.

CHAMAEBATIA Benth. (Ros.) — Calif. to n. Baja Calif.

PICKERINGIA Nutt. (Legum.) — Calif. to n. Baja Calif.

FREMONTODENDRON Cov. (Stercul.) — Calif. to n. Baja Calif.

HETEROGAURA Rothrock (Onagr.) — S. Ore. to Calif.

ApraAstruM Nutt. (Umbell.) — Calif. to n. Baja Calif. (and Arizona?).?

OREONANA Jepson (Umbell.) — Calif.

SarcopEs Torr. (Eric.) — S. Ore. to Calif. (Baja Calif. acc. Jepson).

Katmriopsis Rehder (Eric.) — Sw. Ore.

ORNITHOSTAPHYLOS Small (Eric.) — N. Baja Calif.

HEsPERELAEA Gray (Olea.) — Guadalupe Island, Baja Calif.

Draperia Torr. (Hydrophyll.) — Calif.

LEMMONIA Gray (Hydrophyll.) — Calif. to n. Baja Calif.

TurricuLa Macbride (Hydrophyll.) — Calif. to n. Baja Calif.

ACANTHOMINTHA Gray (Lab.) — S. Coast Ranges, Calif.

PocoGyNnE Benth. (Lab.) — Sw. Ore. to n. Baja Calif. (Guadalupe Island).

HoweELtiE.ta Rothmaler (Scroph.) — S. Coast Ranges, Calif.

OPHIOCEPHALUS Wiggins (Scroph.) — Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja Calif.

COMPOSITAE, ASTEREAE

BEnITOoA Keck — S. Coast Ranges, Calif.
CoRETHROGYNE DC. — Coos Co., Ore., to n. Baja Calif.
Eastwoopia T.S. Brandegee — S. Coast Ranges, Calif.
PENTACHAETA Nutt. — Calif. to n. Baja Calif.
TracyIna Blake — Nw. Calif.

2 The three collections that are reported from Pima Co., Ariz., by Mathias and Constance
(Fl. Pl. and Ferns Ariz., 639, —1942) perhaps represent. an introduction into Arizona. In
Abrams’ Illustrated Flora (3: 222, —1951) Mathias and Constance give Apiastrum as “a
monotypic Californian genus.’

8 One extra-limital sehen of Turricula Parryi (Gray) Macbride is known to me:
Surprise Canyon near Panamint City, Panamint Mts., 6800 ft., Howell 4024, June 18, 1928.

JANUARY, 1957] MONTEREY CYPRESS 141

COMPOSITAE, MADIEAE

ACHYRACHAENA Schauer — Douglas Co., Ore., to s. Calif.

ADENOTHAMNUs Keck — San Antonio (between Tiajuana and Ensenada), n.
Baja Calif.

BLEPHARIZONIA Greene — S. Coast Ranges, Calif.

CaLycabENiA DC, — N. Umpqua Valley, Ore., to n. Baja Calif.

CENTROMADIA Greene — Sw. Oregon to s. Calif.

HeEmIzonia DC. — Sw. Ore. to n. Baja Calif.

HOovocarPHa Greene — Calif.

Hoozonia Greene — Calif.

CoMPoOSITAE, HELENIEAE
Baeriopsis J. T. Howell — Guadalupe Island, Baja Calif.
CrockErRIA Greene — San Joaquin Valley, Calif.
Monovopia DC. — Calif.
OrROCHAENACTIS Cov. — S. Sierra Nevada, Calif.
PSEUDOBAHIA (Gray) Rydb. — Calif.
VENEGASIA DC. — S. Calif. to n. Baja Calif.
WuiTNEYA Gray — Calif. (to “Eagle Lake, Lassen Co.”).

CoMPosITAE, CICHORIEAE
PHALACROSERIS Gray — Sierra Nevada, Calif.

REFERENCES

Eastwoop, A. 1947. Endemism in the flora of California. Contrib. Gray
Herb. 165: 55-62.

Jepson, W. L. 1923-1925. A Manual of the Flowering Plants of California.
Berkeley, California.

MONTEREY CYPRESS AS A “NATURALIZED”
SPECIES

BY ROBERT F. HOOVER
California State Polytechnic College, San Luis Obispo

In its native occurrence, Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw. occu-
pies one of the most restricted areas of any species of plants,
namely, the coastal headlands on either side of Carmel Bay in
Monterey County, California. Its total distributional area is
probably less than one square mile (cf. Jepson, Trees of Cali-
fornia, p. 75). This cypress has been very widely distributed in
cultivation, but seems hardly ever to reproduce itself spontane-
ously where not indigenous, and still less to increase the extent
of planted stands. At least, if such occurrences have been ob-

142 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

served, there has been a notable lack of published reports. Dr.
C. B. Wolf, in his exhaustive treatise ““The New World Cypres-
ses,’ did not mention a single instance of such. The only report
of this sort which has come to my attention is one by Peter H.
Raven, who states that the species is increasing by natural seed-
ing at one spot in San Francisco (Leafl. West. Bot. 6: 210,—
1952).

A row of large cypresses, evidently planted many years ago,
is found near the coast in northern San Luis Obispo County, a
short distance south of the Monterey County line. Around these
old trees are many younger trees ranging in size from small seed-
lings to vigorous medium-sized individuals full of cones, all
scattered in an irregular manner and very obviously the result
of natural reproduction. The exact locality is on the south side
of the second ravine north of San Carpoforo Creek, above (east
of) State Highway number I. A collection was made there Jan-
uary 22, 1955, Hoover 8351. "This occurrence is of particular sig-
nificance in view of the following quotation from Dr. Wolf's
work.

“Examination of the present stands indicates that, for the
most part, the cypresses occupy approximately all of the local
area in each instance that is suitable for their growth, but that
they are not sufficiently aggressive to colonize adjacent areas.
Their seed production and methods of dispersal are such that
there is practically no possibility of them reaching any nearby
suitable areas, even if such a spot were only a mile or two away.”
(El Aliso 1: 9,—1948.)

It now appears that human agency, at least in two instances,
has given the impetus to spontaneous extension of the range of
Monterey cypress which would not otherwise have begun.

The reproductive vigor of the cypress near San Carpoforo
Creek can be partly understood by the close similarity of the
climate to that in its indigenous stands to the north. The soil,
on the other hand, is at least of different origin if not, perhaps,
of different composition. As a native species, Monterey cypress
is restricted to areas of granitic rocks, but in this place where it
has become introduced, the rocks are evidently of sedimentary
origin (shale or sandstone).

Perhaps the publication of this note will evoke other similar
reports. It would indeed be an occasion for surprise if the species
in question has not undergone natural increase in some of the

JANUARY, 1957] TWO RARE MILTITZIAS 143

numerous localities where the established trees grow success-
fully, particularly along the coastline of California.

A New NAME FoR SENECIO WEBSTERI GREENM. — The name
Senecio Websteri given by Greenman (Bot. Gaz. 53: 511,—1912)
to a ragwort from the state of Washington is untenable, having
already been used by J. D. Hooker in 1846 (Bot. Antarct. 317)
for a plant from Patagonia. It may be called Senecio neoweb-
steri, nom. nov. Curiously enough, on the same page on which
he published the homonymous name Websteri, Greenman pro-
vided a new name for another homonymous species of this genus
(S. Adams: Howell), but he must have neglected to look in the
original volumes of the Index Kewensis to see whether his own
new specific name had already been used. — S. F. BLAKE, Horti-
cultural Crops Research Branch, U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Belts-
ville, Md.

RE-COLLECTIONS OF Two Rare Muictitzias. In the introduc-
tion to my revision of species belonging to Phacelia sect. Miltit-
zia (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser 4, 25: 357-376,—1944), I took occa-
sion to point out that “four are to be counted among the rarest
of western plants... .” More recently, R. C. Barneby has re-col-
lected two of these plants and has not only added to our meager
number of study-specimens but has also added systematic data
of value in his field observations.

Phacelia inyoensis (Macbr.) Howell has been known from only
three collections made more than forty years ago along the east
base of the Sierra Nevada in Owens Valley, Inyo County, Cali-
fornia. On May 4, 1954, Mr. Barneby succeeded in re-locating
this long-overlooked plant where, according to his field data, it
spread small yellow-flowered mats over “dry granite sand in an
alkaline seepage area, 3.5 miles west of Lone Pine at 4600 feet
elevation” (Barneby 11329).

On May 17, 1955, Mr. Barneby visited the clay hills at De-
Beque, Mesa County, Colorado, where he was successful in find-
ing Phacelia submutica Howell, before that known only from
the three collections made in the same region by G. E. Osterhout
in 1911, 1912, and 1920. Mr. Barneby’s collection data under his
number 12738 read: “gumbo clay knolls, 1 mile north of De-
Beque; herbage fetid; corolla-tube yellow, the narrow limb
white.” —JoHn THomMAs HowELt.

144 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 5

CALIFORNIA STATIONS FOR TRIFOLIUM INCARNATUM. Although
crimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum L., has been noted in the
literature as an introduced plant in California, definite cita-
tions for its occurrence have been very few. The following col-
lections in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sci-
ences indicate its increasing prevalence in the last few years: 3.3
miles from Bangor on road to Oroville, Butte Co., Raven 5458
in 1953 (cf. Leafl. West. Bot. 7: 151); sparsely scattered in hay-
field southeast of Rutherford on the Silverado Trail, Napa Co.,
Mr. & Mrs. H. C. Cantelow in 1956; near Sonoma, Sonoma Co.,
Lovegrove in 1954; about 1 mile west of Ignacio, Marin Co., G.
T. Robbins 3618 in 1954; established on chaparral burn where
it probably had been planted, 2 miles from Mission San Antonio
on road to Santa Lucia Camp, Santa Lucia Mts., Monterey Co.,
Howell 30616 in 1955; Cafiada del Venadito (where probably
introduced with grass seed on burn), Santa Ynez Mts., Santa
Barbara Co., Pollard in 1956.—J. T. HOwELL.

ReEcorps OF EHRHARTA CALYCINA IN CALIFORNIA. At least two
stations may be cited that will record the spontaneous occur-
rence of the attractive South African bunch-grass, Ehrharta
calycina Smith, in California: hillside burn (where probably
seeded), Casitas Pass, Ventura Co., H. M. Pollard, Mar. 27 and
June 22, 1955; common in light sandy soil in a clearing in
eucalyptus grove, Nipomo Mesa, San Luis Obispo Co., Twissel-
mann 2632, Apr. 10, 1956. Mr. ‘Twisselmann also collected the
species in April, 1956, on the Chris Twisselmann Ranch in east-
ern San Luis Obispo Co. (No. 2729), but he reports that this
collection came from a small trial plot planted in 1955 that
had received some irrigating. The species is noted by Mrs. Chase
in Hitchcock’s Manual ed. 2 (p. 551) as being cultivated at Davis,
California.

The genus Ehrharta, belonging to the Phalarideae, has been
known in California for a number of years from the naturalized
occurrence of E. erecta Lamk. about the University of Califor-
nia campus at Berkeley (cf. Howell 23289 in 1947). This species
also occurs on the Westwood campus of the University of Cali-
fornia at Los Angeles (Raven 9397).—J. IT. HOWELL.

LIPO a °
* - Per =
NS ee ae

Vol. VIII

LEAFLETS
of

No. 6

WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS

The Typification of Galium multiflorum var.
Watsoni Gray
ARTHUR CRONQUIST

The Lectotype of Galium multiflorum var. Watsoni .
F. EHRENDORFER

Mimulus Reifschneiderae, a New Mimulus from Nevada .

GABRIEL EDWIN

The Introduced Species of Bromus, sect. Ceratochloa,
in California .
PETER H. RAVEN

Lupinus Notes I
Davip B. DUNN

New Records of Compositae in California .
June McCaskIL AND WILLIAM A. HARVEY

The Santa Ynez Thermopsis .
Joun THomAs HOWELL

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
ApRIL 24, 1957

PAGE

145

148

150

151

154

156

158

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

A publication devoted particularly to the native and naturalized
plants of western North America and to the cultivated plants
of California, appearing about four times each year. Subscrip-
tion, $2.00 annually. Cost of back files or single numbers fur-
nished on request. Address: John Thomas Howell, California

Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18.

Cited as

LEAFL. WEsT. Bort.

Owned and published by

JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

APRIL, 1957] | GALIUM MULTIFLORUM VAR. WATSONI 145

THE TYPIFICATION OF GALIUM
MULTIFLORUM VAR. WATSONI GRAY

BY ARTHUR CRONQUIST
The New York Botanical Garden, New York

In a recent taxonomic treatment of the Galium multiflorum
complex (Contr. Dudley Herb. 5: 1-21, —1956), Friedrich Ehren-
dorfer has selected as the lectotype of Galium multiflorum var.
Watsoni Gray a specimen collected by Cusick in Oregon. This
typification is contrary to an earlier typification by Heller, and
cannot be accepted.

Gray’s original description (Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1, pt. 2: 40,
—1884) was:

“Var. Watsoni. Mostly glabrous and smooth: leaves thinner,
oblong-lanceolate (commonly about half-inch long and 2 lines
wide), with lateral nerves either distinct or obsolete.——G. multi-
florum, Watson, l.c. in great part——Cafions and gulches, N.
Arizona to E. Oregon and adjacent Idaho.”

The reference to “Watson, l.c.” is to Bot. King Expl. p. 135.
Watson’s specimens, distributed under the number 484, were
said by him to be “frequent in the East Humboldt Mountains,
Nevada, and in the Wahsatch; 5-9000 feet altitude; June-
August.” Watson 484 is now represented in the Gray Herbarium
by two specimens: one collected in the Wahsatch (nowadays
regularly spelled Wasatch) Mountains in August, 1869, at an
altitude of 8000 feet; the other collected in the East Humboldt
Mountains in August, 1868, at an elevation of 7000 feet. The
specimen from the Wasatch conforms to Gray’s description, but
the leaves of the specimen from the East Humboldt Mountains
are a little shorter and broader than indicated in the descrip-
tion, and are distincly scabrous rather than glabrous.

The specimen of Watson 484 from the Wasatch Mountains, at
the Gray Herbarium bears Gray’s own annotation as var. Wat-
sont, the label attached directly to the base of the specimen. ‘The
scabrous specimen from the East Humboldt Mountains does
not now bear Gray’s annotation, although it may conceivably
have done so at one time; the portion of an original herbarium
sheet bearing this specimen and Watson’s label for it has been
cut off and remounted on another sheet. There are also some

Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VIII, pp. 145-160, April 24, 1957.

146 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 6

other sheets at the Gray Herbarium which carry Gray’s anno-
tation as G. multiflorum var. Watsoni. Among these is the
Cusick collection of 1878 from Union Co., Oregon, chosen by
Ehrendorfer as the lectotype of var. Watsoni. In my opinion
neither the Cusick specimen nor any of the other original speci-
mens conforms to the original description better than the Wat-
son specimen annotated by Gray.

From the fact that Gray cited part of Watson’s material and
named his new variety for Watson, and from the fact that the
only reference in the original description to any other material
is the indirect one implied by the listed geographic range, it
would seem that some part of the Watson material could and
probably should constitute the type of the variety. From the
further fact that only one of the Watson collections, the one
from the Wasatch at 8000 feet, conforms to the original descrip-
tion and bears Gray’s annotation as var. Watsont, it seems that
this collection would be a proper and certainly unobjectionable
choice as the lectotype of the variety. That is exactly the choice
made by Heller in 1898 when he raised G. multiflorum var. Wat-
sont to specific status as G. Watsoni (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 25:
627, —1898). After quoting Gray’s description, Heller com-
mented that: “From description, the type of this would be no.
484, collected on the Wahsatch Mountains, Utah, August, 1869,
altitude 8000 feet. But on the same sheet in the Columbia Uni-
versity Herbarium, and under the same number, 484, are two
other specimens, which are not of this species. One was collected
on the Wahsatch Mountains, Utah, July, 1869, and the other on
the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada. These have shorter,
rounder, pubescent leaves.” By these words Heller effectively
selected as the lectotype of G. multiflorum var. Watsoni that
part of Watson 484 which was collected in the Wasatch in 1869
at an altitude of 8000 feet. The fact that the specimens which he
saw were in the Columbia University Herbarium rather than
at the Gray Herbarium is immaterial, since his lectotype is rep-
resented at both herbaria, and the specimen at the Gray Herbar-
ium actually bears Gray’s annotation as var. Watsoni. The
Columbia and the Gray Herbarium specimens of the Heller
lectotype are very much alike.

According to the International Code of Botanical Nomen-
clature, 1956 edition, Appendix IV, paragraph 4e, “The first
choice of a lectotype should be followed by subsequent workers

APRIL, 1957] | GALIUM MULTIFLORUM VAR. WATSONI 147

unless it can be shown that the choice does not fit the original
description as well as another of the original elements... . .
Heller’s typification of G. multiflorum var. Watsoni must there-
fore be accepted, and Ehrendorfer’s recent attempt to substitute
the Cusick specimen as the lectotype must be rejected.

The typification of G. multiflorum var. Watsoni becomes of
some significance because according to Ehrendorfer’s taxonomic
interpretation of the group the Cusick specimen does not belong
to the same species as the Watson specimen. Galium Watsoni as
defined by Ehrendorfer, and as typified by him on the Cusick
specimen, occurs in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and north-
western Nevada, but not in Utah. If Heller’s typification is
accepted, as I believe it must be, then those who accept Ehren-
dorfer’s taxonomic treatment will have to find another name
for the plant he calls G. Watson. To judge from his published
synonymy, this will require a new combination or a new name.

Galium hypotrichium Gray subsp. utahense Ehrendorfer is
defined by Ehrendorfer to include the Heller lectotype of G.
Watsont, as he has confirmed in personal correspondence with
me. Inasmuch as priority under the Rules holds only within
categories, those who accept G. hypotrichium subsp. utahense
as a proper subspecific taxon can properly use Ehrendorfer’s
name. At both the specific and the varietal levels, however, there
is an earlier epithet ( meter) available for this taxon as defined
by Ehrendorfer.

I refrain from proposing a new name for G. Watsoni sensu
Ehrendorfer because I am not convinced that it is taxonomically
separable from G. multiflorum. Ehrendorfer’s closing comment
is worthy of serious consideration. After recognizing 10 species
and a number of subspecies, 1 species and 4 subspecies of which
are described as new, he says: “Today it still may be a matter of
debate whether a rather narrow concept of species should be
used as is proposed here, or whether this would be better re-
placed by lumping all but a few taxa (G. hallit, ? G. matthewsii,
? G. parishit) into one large entity.”

I wish to thank Dr. Reed C. Rollins, Director of the Gray
Herbarium, for his kindness in making the original material of
Galium multiflorum var. Watsoni Gray available to me.

148 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 6

THE LECTOTYPE OF GALLIUM
MULTIFLORUM VAR. WATSONI

BY F. EHRENDORFER

Vienna, Austria

In order to make possible an immediate answer to the fore-
going article, Dr. Cronquist has kindly informed me in detail
about his position in the matter of typification of Galium multi-
florum var. Watsont. For this and for his help in clarifying some
open problems I want to thank him. Also I am grateful to the
editor of LEAFLETS OF WESTERN Botany for prompt acceptance
of my manuscript.

In my survey of the Galium multiflorum complex (Contr.
Dudley Herb. 5: 1-21,—1956), I selected a new lectotype for G.
multiflorum var. Watsoni in place of an earlier one chosen by
Heller. To make my presentation as short and compact as pos-
sible, I did not give detailed reasons for this in my original note.
As my procedure has been questioned by Dr. Cronquist I have
to make up for that brevity here.

1. In the diagnosis of G. multiflorum var. Watsoni stress is put
on the differential character of the oblong-lanceolate leaf-shape
with an average length-breadth index of 3:1. This is easy to
understand, as the material personally annotated by Asa Gray
in his herbarium mainly consists of the northwestern taxon
(called G. Watsoni in my treatment) for which numerous meas-
urements have shown the important key-character of leaf length-
breadth index to be = 3.0-3.5.

2. In addition the material personally annotated by Gray also
contains part of the collection Watson 484, i.e. from the Wasatch
Mts., August, 1869 (a scabrous specimen with the same number
from the East Humboldt Mts. was excluded by Gray; it belongs
to G. hypotrichium subsp. hypotrichium). The single specimen
of Watson 484 from the Wasatch Mts. in the Gray Herbarium
forms only part of Watson’s collections in that area (cf. point 3)
and represents, by accident, an extremely narrow-leaved form of
the Wasatch population which has an average leaf length-
breadth index of + 2.4-2.6. In spite of the fact that the leaves
of this Watson 484 specimen are still slightly broader than is in-
dicated in the diagnosis, it was included by Gray in his new
variety, as it was the only material of the Wasatch taxon avail-
able to him at that time.

APRIL, 1957] | GALIUM MULTIFLORUM VAR. WATSONI 149

3. The specimen of Watson 484 which Heller had in hand is
in the Columbia University Herbarium and was not seen by
Gray. In addition to the collections represented under this num-
ber in Gray Herbarium, the Columbia University Herbarium
contains a second collection from the Wasatch Mts. made in
July, 1869. This latter collection is quite typical of the local pop-
ulation and has broader leaves. It is Dr. Cronquist’s and my firm
opinion that these two (like all other) Wasatch collections rep-
resent the same taxon. That Heller thought that they were two
species was a mistake; that he spoke of the extreme narrow-
leaved specimen which barely fits the diagnosis as “the type” of
var. Watsoni is definitely a misrepresentation of what Gray
meant by this taxon. Had Gray seen the full material of Watson
484 or even more broad-leaved collections from the Wasatch
Mts., he certainly would not have included them in his variety
which basically fits only the narrow-leaved northwestern taxon
so amply represented in his herbarium. It is my opinion there-
fore that according to the Rules the Cusick collection from
Union County, Oregon, is a better representation of Gray’s
variety, its description, and the paratypes in his herbarium than
the deviating and atypical single fragmentary specimen of Wat-
son 484 from the Wasatch Mts. in the Gray Herbarium.

4. What would have to be done if Heller’s lectotype were ac-
cepted? The name var. Watsoni would have to be applied to the
Wasatch taxon for which its description certainly fits less well
than for the northwestern entity. As other names are already
available on the subspecific level for the Wasatch taxon (and
as it certainly does not deserve specific status), the well-known
name would have to be dropped. Contrary to this, the north-
western entity would be without a name and a new one would
have to be chosen, in spite of the fact that G. Watsoni has been
used for it for such a long time.

Summing up the above points, I feel that there is no cogent
reason to reéstablish the Heller lectotype of var. Watsoni and to
load the taxonomy of the Galium multiflorum group with more
mew names and confusing rearrangements. It is my opinion
that the Rules should not be interpreted in a hair-splitting man-
ner but in a way so as to insure current use of names and general
taxonomic practice as much as possible.

Institute of Botany, University of Vienna,
Vienna, Austria

150 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 6

MIMULUS REIFSCHNEIDERAE, A NEW
MIMULUS FROM NEVADA

BY GABRIEL EDWIN
Beltsville, Maryland

Mimulus Reifschneiderae Edwin, spec. nov. Annuus; caulis teres, erectus,
ramosus, usque ad 17 cm. altus, glanduloso-pubescens; folia sessilia, 3-nervia,
cum floribus fasciculata (jugo infimo excepto), lanceolata vel lanceolato-
ovata, acuta vel breviter acuminata, pubescentia vel glanduloso-pubescentia,
ciliata, interdum subglabra, saturate rubescentia, ea jugi infimi usque ad
3 cm. longa, cetera brevissima; calyx usque ad 10 mm. longus, maturitate
capsula completus, oblongus vel ovatus, venis ciliatis, dentibus aequalibus
4 longitudinis tubi aequantibus et glanduloso-pubescentibus; corolla 1.7-2.3
(2.6) cm. longa, tubo calyce 2-2.5-plo longiore, infundibuliformi vel campan-
ulato, laete aureo intus ad basim cristis 2 dense pubescentibus pilis laete
aureis, labiis aequalibus; antherae paulo longiores quam latiores apice linea
breviter albo-ciliata ornatae; stylus pubescens; stigmatis lobi elliptici, aequi-
longi, breviter et rigide albo-pubescentes; capsula calyce paulo brevior usque
ad paulo longior secundum suturas ambas per totam longitudinem dehiscens;
semina utrinque inaequaliter apiculata.

Annual; stem terete, upright, branched, up to 17 cm. high, glandular-
pubescent; leaves sessile, 3-nerved, clustered with the flowers (except the 2
lowermost), lanceolate to lanceolate-ovate, tip acute to short-acuminate,
margins entire or subentire, ciliate, tissue pubescent or glandular-pubescent,
occasionally almost glabrous, often turning dark red especially below, the
two lowest leaves up to 3 cm. long, the others much shorter; calyx about
10 mm. long (or less), filled by the mature capsule, sometimes slightly ex-
panded, oblong to ovate, veins ciliate and strongly angled, the tissue mostly
glabrous, light green to almost white, teeth about 14 the size of the tube,
equal or almost so, acute or acutish at the tip, ciliate and glandular-pubes-
cent; corolla up to 2.6 cm. long (mostly 1.7-2.3 cm.), withering in place, tube
well exserted, bright golden-yellow, with 2 small, densely hairy ridges inside
ventrally, the hairs bright golden-yellow, this small palate not at all obstruct-
ing the throat, the funnelform to campanulate tube and broad throat
marked with dark brown flecks and lines below, lips equal or nearly so,
lobes entire, rotate, about 14-18 mm. across, sinuses v-shaped, the tube 2 to
2.5 times the calyx; anthers little longer than broad, forming crosses in pairs,
with a row of small white cilia across the top, filaments glabrous, upper pair
of stamens occasionally little exserted; style pubescent with short white hairs
over most of its length, stigma-lips equal, elliptical, beset with short, stiff,
white hairs (occasionally almost glabrous); capsule at maturity little shorter
to little longer than the calyx, lanceolate-ovoid to ovoid, tip often acuminate,
completely dehiscent along both sutures, placentae splitting their entire
length, adhering to the valves; seeds numerous, smooth, shiny, ellipsoid,
unequally apiculate at both ends (occasionally only at one end).

Type: Olga Reifschneider 212 (US), collected on Pyramid

APRIL, 1957] BROMUS SECT. CERATOCHLOA 151

Lake Road 10 miles from Reno, Washoe County, Nevada, June
12, 1956.

This species, named in honor of its collector, is the second one
to be described recently from the Pyramid Lake Road, the other
being my M. washoensis.* The present plant is striking because
of its very bright golden-yellow corolla. Its style pubescent over
the entire length, corolla-lobes abruptly rotate, and capsule
dehiscent along both sutures indicate affinities with sections
other than Eunanus Gray, where it is tentatively placed. Al-
though most of the other characters would lead to Eunanus,
there is no section at present recognized that will accommodate
the combination of characters displayed by M. Reifschneiderae.

Herbarium, U. S. National Arboretum

U. S. Department of Agriculture
Beltsville, Maryland

THE INTRODUCED SPECIES OF BROMUS,
SECT. CERATOCHLOA, IN CALIFORNIA

BY PETER H. RAVEN

Recent field work on the weedy grasses of northern California,
principally by G. L. Stebbins, Jr., J. T. Howell, and the writer,
has disclosed the fact that instead of a single introduced species
of Bromus, sect. Ceratochloa (B. catharticus Vahl), occurring as a
weed in the flora of the State, there are three. Dr. Stebbins, of
the Department of Genetics, University of California, Davis,
California, first called my attention to the fact in 1951 that cer-
tain long-awned forms which constituted an anomalous element
in this assemblage, or were more often referred to B. carinatus
H. & A. or B. marginatus Nees, were conspecific with B. stamin-
eus E. Desv., a South American species. In addition, short-awned
plants which have been referred to B. catharticus previously,
may be divided into two distinct groups, as will be shown in the
key. Both of these additional species have become widespread
in California and have been collected rather frequently.

Dr. Stebbins has provided the data on which the following
key is based, as well as the native distribution of these species.
The specimens cited are from the herbarium of the California

*The type of M, washoensis Edwin is P. A. Lehenbauer 1096, not P. A. Lehanbauer 1906
as given in the original description (Leafl. West. Bot. 7:221,—1955).

152 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 6

Academy of Sciences, San Francisco (CAS), the Dudley Herbar-
ium of Stanford University (DS), the herbarium of the Uni-
versity of California at Berkeley (UC), and the Agronomy Her-
barium of the University of California, Davis (AHUC). While
the citations are thus not extensive, they will serve to outline
the known distributions of these plants in the State, as the key
indicates the differences between them, and thus make this in-
formation available for further study. The writer is especially
grateful to Dr. Stebbins for help and encouragement given in
the course of this study.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF BROMUS, SECT. CERATOCHLOA, IN CALIFORNIA

Lemmas awnless, or bearing short awns up to 2.5 mm. long.
Leaves relatively broad, bright- or yellowish-green; lemmas 14-18 mm.
long, 11-13-nerved, the nerves often close together ...............

eT CUE Beh tS: Cay Sed Lo ie Mee Gk Bd 2s SUE a 3 B. catharticus Vahl
Leaves relatively narrow, bluish-green; lemmas 9-13 mm. long, 7-9-
nerved. the nerves distinct yh... ~- .«m ss site os B. Haenkeanus Presl

Lemmas bearing awns 3 mm. or more in length.

Annual; upper glume nearly or quite equaling the lowest lemma; lem-
mas scabrous or nearly glabrous on the back, slightly or strongly
ciliate-pubescent on the margins. ...B. arizonicus (Shear) Stebbins!

Usually perennial; upper glume distincly shorter than lowest lemma;
lemmas evenly pubescent or scabrous.

Spikelets rather strongly compressed laterally, the mature caryopsis
distinctly thicker than broad; ovary at anthesis with a distinctly
trilobalie Apex yr. sat Aeiies se eet eae B. stamineus E. Desv.

Spikelets only moderately compressed laterally, the mature cary-
opsis cylindrical or slightly broader than thick; ovary at anthe-
sis entire or indistincly trilobate. .............++.+s0 eset
igre spaces Bae eet ae group related to B. sitchensis Trin.2

BROMUS CATHARTICUs Vahl

In California, this is mostly a plant of rich soil and fairly well-watered
situations, as in parks or about fields: common in the Sacramento Valley,
fairly common in the north Coast Ranges and northern San Joaquin Valley,
and apparently sporadic in southern California, with one station known in
Inyo County.

Distribution: pampas of southern Brazil, Uruguay, and northeastern
Argentina; widely introduced elsewhere in the New and Old Worlds.

Representative collections, California only: Eureka, Humboldt Co., Henry

1 For a treatment of this native species, see Stebbins, G. L., Jr., H. A. Tobgy, and J. R.
Harlan, ‘‘The cytogenetics of hybrids in Bromus II. Bromus carinatus and Bromus ari-
zonicus,’’ Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 25:307-322 (1944).

2 These native species are referred by Agnes Chase in Hitchcock’s Manual of the Grasses
of the United States, ed. 2 (1950), to B. sitchensis Trin., B. aleuticus Trin., B. brevi-
aristatus Buckl., B. carinatus H. & A., B. marginatus Nees, B. maritimus (Piper) Hitchc.,
and B. polyanthus Scribn. The distinctness of these species is not considered here, but they
are included as a group since they are the grasses most likely to be confused with B. stamsneus.

APRIL, 1957] BROMUS SECT. CERATOCHLOA 153

Melde, February 8, 1902 (UC); Yuba City, Sutter Co., Raven 6612 (CAS);
Willows, Glenn Co., Howell 29576 (CAS); Napa, Napa Co., Raven 3000
(CAS); Berkeley, Alameda Co., Stebbins 2746 (UC); Piedmont, Alameda Co.,
Howell 30007 (CAS); Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, Howell 13985 (CAS);
Skyline Boulevard above San Bruno, San Mateo Co., Howell 30010 (CAS);
Stockton, San Joaquin Co., E. E. Stanford 1505 (CAS); Santa Clara College,
Santa Clara Co., Dudley 4028 in 1895 (DS); Carmel, Monterey Co., Howell
28955 (CAS); Las Positas Road near Veronica Springs, Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara Co., Pollard in 1955 (CAS); Ventura, Ventura Co., Pollard in 1945
(CAS), in 1949 (UC); San Bernardino Co., R. J. Smith in 1904 (UC); Yorba
Linda, Orange Co., Howell 30922, 30924 (CAS); San Diego, San Diego Co.,
Howell 31116 (CAS); edge of stream, Saline Valley Trail, 4750 feet elevation,
Inyo Mountains, Inyo Co., Alexander & Kellogg 2879 (UC).

Bromus HAENKEANUS Presl

This species, which seems to be more drought-resistant than the preced-
ing, is commoner in the interior of the state. It has been reported from
Coconino Co., Arizona (T. H. Kearney, Leafl. West. Bot. 7:172,—1954) and
from Santa Barbara Co., California (C. F. Smith, A Flora of Santa Barbara,
p- 16, —1952), where it is listed as ‘frequent in gardens and orchards.”

Distribution: in the Andes from Colombia south to the Strait of Magel-
lan and on the steppes of Patagonia in southern Argentina; introduced in
North America.

Representative collections, North America. CALIFoRNIA: Salinas River
bridge, King City, Monterey Co., Howell 30577, 30578 (CAS); Chris Twissel-
mann Ranch, Temblor Range, San Luis Obispo Co., E. C. Twisselmann 1177
(CAS); Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara Co., Pollard in 1955 (CAS); Mojave,
Kern Co., Howell 26647 (CAS); Yorba Linda, Orange Co., Howell 30923
(CAS); Ventura, Ventura Co., Howell 30919 (CAS); Ridge Route west of
Newhall, Los Angeles Co., Howell 31126 (CAS); 2 miles northeast of La
Verne, Los Angeles Co., Wheeler 4085 (CAS); very common along irrigating
ditches, Riverside, Riverside Co., H. M. Hall 1365 in 1899 (UC), E. S. Koethen,
August 12, 1897 (UC); common, San Bernardino Valley, San Bernardino Co.,
S. B. Parish 11243 (UC); street weed, Sierraville, Sierra Co., Howell 30889
(CAS); Reds Meadows, 7500 feet elevation, Madera Co., Raven 3658 (CAS);
Red Hill west of Bishop, Inyo Co., Heller 8251 in 1906 (CAS); Jeffrey pine
belt, Sage Flat to Olancha Pass, 8000 feet elevation, Inyo Co., Howell 26736
(CAS); court-house yard, Independence, Inyo Co., Jepson 906 (UC), W. J.
Bunney, July 30, 1901 (UC); north end of Hessian Meadows on trail to Tem-
pleton Meadows 8800 feet elevation, Tulare Co., Howell 26647 (CAS).

NeEvapa: alfalfa field, Mills Ranch, 4 miles southwest of Fallon, elevation
4000 feet, Churchill Co., Mills &% Beach 1130 (UC); Beatty, Nye Co., Raven
6276 (CAS); 10 miles east of Sparks, Washoe Co., Jean Harlan NI (UC).

Urau: Price, Carbon Co., W. D. Stanton 567 (CAS).

ARIZONA: roadside seep, Concho, elevation 6000 feet, Apache Co., Gould
& Phillips 4882 (UC).

Mexico. CoAnuILLa: along irrigation ditches on campus of La Escuela
Superior de Agricultura, Buena Vista, about 5 miles southeast of Saltilla,
Gould 6382 (UC, mixture with B. catharticus Vahl).

154 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 6

BROMUS STAMINEUS E. Desvaux

Plants of this species were grown in Berkeley by P. B. Kennedy in about
1910, being used for experimental purposes, and apparently have spread
outward from that area, following roadways and railroad tracks, often
growing on disturbed soil. It has now become a fairly common weedy spe-
cies in the coastal part of central California. In addition to the characters
mentioned in the key, the rather compactly branched panicle is quite dis-
tinctive.

Distribution: endemic to central Chile; elsewhere known only as a weed
in central California.

Representative collections from California: Hopland, Mendocino Co.,
Stebbins 5207 (AHUC); Sebastopol, Sonoma Co., acc. Stebbins; Santa Rosa,
Sonoma Co., Abrams 13409 in 1931 (DS); Sonoma, Sonoma Co., Howell 30148
(CAS); Oakville, Napa Co., Raven 2836 (CAS); Olema, Marin Co., Howell
30016 (CAS); East Peak of Mount Tamalpais, Marin Co., Howell 29105
(CAS); Stinson Beach, Marin Co., Howell 30144 (CAS); northeast edge of Val-
lejo, Solano Co., Stebbins 5205 (AHUC); 2 miles southeast of Vacaville, Solano
Co., Stebbins 5206 (AHUC); San Francisco, Howell 28319, 29956 (CAS);
Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, Raven 5518 (CAS); Sigmund Stern Grove,
San Francisco, Raven 10475 (CAS); Crockett, Contra Costa Co., Stebbins 5204
(AHUC); Berkeley, Alameda Co., P. B. Kennedy in 1915 (AHUC; noted as
spreading from experimental plots; see Sampson, A. W., A. Chase, & D. W.
Hendrick, California Grasslands and Range Forage Grasses, Calif. Agric.
Exper. Sta. Bull. 724, p. 37, —1949); Menlo Park, San Mateo Co., Howell
31446 (CAS); Monterey, Monterey Co., Howell in 1954 (CAS); Placerville,
Eldorado Co., Howell 29654 (CAS); lone, Amador Co., Raven 5513 (CAS); So-
nora, Tuolumne Co., Howell 28999 (CAS, DS).

LUPINUS NOTES I

BY DAVID B. DUNN
University of Missouri, Columbia

LUPINUS VOLUTANS GREENE

E. L. Greene (Muhl. 8: 118, —1912) desecribed Lupinus volu-
tans from a collection made by J. B. Leiberg on June 8, 1896, in
the Malheur Valley of arid southeastern Oregon. Detling (Amer.
Midl. Nat. 45: 493, —1951) apparently placed it under his L.
lepidus ssp. Cusickii because of the dense shaggy villous pubes-
cence, although the size of the flower and the size of the vegeta-
tive parts are considerably larger than those of Cusickit. Lyle
Phillips (Wash. State Coll. Res. Studies 23: 184, —1955) consid-
ered it a part of typical L. lepidus, to which the flowers corre-
spond quite closely. Lupinus lepidus, in its typical form, has
only sparse pubescence and may be nearly glabrate, in addition
to the fact, as pointed out by Detling, that typical lepidus is re-

APRIL, 1957] LUPINUS NOTES 155
957

stricted to the western side of the Cascade Mountains, mostly in
Washington. Since Phillips considered pubescence in Lupinus to
be of no significance, he placed volutans under lepidus and
simply ignored the additional fact that a habitat in southeastern
Oregon is entirely different from one on the western side of the
Cascade Mountains in Washington.

If Leiberg’s specimens were the only material of this plant, it
might be considered as a possible hybrid or an aberrant individ-
ual. Indeed, L. volutans appears to have arisen from hybridiza-
tion (or introgression) between L. aridus or L. lepidus and L.
leucophyllus. The flower structure is similar to that of L. aridus
but the flowers are larger, while the shaggy pubescence and the
size of the leaflets appear to have been derived from L. leuco-
phyllus. The plant, however, appears to have become stabilized
and now has been found in White Pine and Nye counties, Ne-
vada, and in Coconino County, Arizona (J. T. Howell 26610,
CAS). Neither of the potential parent species occurs in south-
ern Nevada or Arizona. There are then three additional collec-
tions which extend the range across the Great Basin, an area
rather poorly collected. Since specimens from these later collec-
tions are all virtually identical with the Leiberg specimen, I
believe the plant requires recognition. It does belong to the
group Lepidi of Lupinus, however, and its final status will re-
quire evaluation through breeding studies. A description has
been given recently by me in Contributions to a Flora of Ne-
vada, No. 39, p. 56 (1956).

RELIcTs OF LUPINUS, GROUP MICRANTHI

At the time I did the monographic work and the breeding
studies on the Pacific Coast species of the group Micranthi of
Lupinus, I was not aware that L. guadalupensis Greene non C.
P. Sm. (Bull. Calif. Acad. i. IV. 184, —1885) and L. aliclemen-
tinus C. P. Sm. (Sp. Lup. 408, —1944) belonged to the Micranthi.
In discussing the phylogeny of the Micranthi (El Aliso 3: 136-
143, —1955), I suggested that the Mexican members of the group
had been isolated too long and that evolution had progressed
too far to be able to point to their nearest relative among the
present plants of the west coast. I also suggested that L. affinis ap-
peared to be the oldest species of the west coast members of the
group. ;

The two plants referred to above appear to be relicts of that

156 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 6

missing link between the Mexican and the west coast species.
Isolated today on Guadalupe Island, off the coast of Lower Cali-
fornia, and on San Clemente Island, California, respectively,
they are very close morphologically and may ultimately prove
inseparable. Morphologically they are intermediate in some
vegetative characters between L. nanus and L. affinis and they
resemble also the Mexican species in some vegetative characters.
They have large pods corresponding to those of L. affinis but
with the characteristics of tapered ends of pods, pubescence of
pods, and angle of the seeds within the pods that resemble these
features of the Mexican species, now restricted to mountain
peaks. Their survival in more mesic sites, such as those of the
islands, might have been anticipated. If any botanist collects
specimens from either island, I would very much appreciate
seed material so that breeding studies can be conducted. Ma-
terial seen to date is limited. Lupinus GUADALUPENSIS: E. L.
Greene, Apr. 23, 24, 1885 (CAS, UC); Brandegee, Mar. 20, 1897
(UC). Lupinus ALICLEMENTINUs: P. A. Munz 6741 (POM); Reid
Moran 587 (DS).

NEW RECORDS OF COMPOSITAE IN
CALIFORNIA

JUNE MCCASKILL AND WILLIAM A. HARVEY
University of California, Davis

The first record of Coreopsis Atkinsoniana Dougl. occurring
as a weed in California was established in November, 1953, when
specimens of the plant were brought into our herbarium for
identification by the junior author who had noted this unfamil-
iar plant covering extensive areas in Stanislaus County. Hereto-
fore this species had been reported as occurring from Saskatche-
wan and British Columbia to South Dakota, northern Arizona,
and Oregon.

Another composite collected in the same area was identified
as Helenium tenuifolium Nutt. This species is native to the east-
ern and southern United States and has been reported as an
introduced plant in Marin County by Mr. J. T. Howell in his
Marin Flora.

A more extensive survey of Stanislaus County and the sur-
rounding area made in July, 1956, revealed that the infestation
of Coreopsis Atkinsoniana extended throughout the central por-

APRIL, 1957] RECORDS OF COMPOSITAE 157

tion of Stanislaus County and north into the southern part of
San Joaquin County. The plants most frequently occurred in
neglected pastures, along roadsides, in irrigation ditches, and in
abandoned yards. ‘They were most prevalent in wet soil, but also
were thriving in dry, sun-baked soil. Collections of the Coreop-
sis were made from a wet ditch along Eleanor Road approxi-
mately 1 mile south of Patterson Road (about 7 miles northeast
of Modesto) and again in a dry, neglected pasture beside Grayson
Road just west of Laird Road (about 7 miles southwest of Mo-
desto) in Stanislaus County. It is interesting to note that the
plants growing at the Grayson Road station had ray corollas
varying from the usual yellow with brown-purple bases through
various combinations of yellow and brown-purple to solid brown-
purple.

At the second station for the Coreopsis a collection of Hel-
enium tenuifolium was made. This site was the only locality
where the Helenium was found. Neither this plant nor the Core-
opsis appeared to be competing with cultivated crops, but were
spreading only in neglected areas and were only residual in cul-
tivated fields.

As far as we are able to determine, these occurrences of Core-
opsis Atkinsoniana constitute a new record for California and
the occurrence of Helenium tenuifolium in Stanislaus County is
an extension of its range in California.

We wish to thank Dr. S. F. Blake for kindly confirming the
identification of both species and Mr. E. E. Stevenson, Stanislaus
County Farm Advisor, for aiding in the search for these species
in his county.

Specimens of the Coreopsis collections (Harvey, November
1953, Harvey & McCaskill 504, and Harvey & McCaskill 505)
and of the Helenium (Harvey, November 1953, and Harvey &
McCaskill 506) are on file in the herbarium of the Botany De-
partment of the University of California at Davis, and duplicate
material will be distributed in the near future.

A CorrecTIONn. Following the usage in Das Pflanzenreich IV. 130 (p. 233),
we have been consistently incorrect in this journal in using the epithet
Smallii instead of Smalliana in references to Oxalis Smalliana R. Knuth. The
name first published on page 185, vol. 7, should be Oxalis oregana var.
Smalliana (R. Knuth) M. E. Peck (as has been noted in the Gray Herbarium
Catalogue issue No. 220).—J. T. Howe Lt.

158 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 6
THE SANTA YNEZ THERMOPSIS

BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

On several occasions Mr. Henry M. Pollard has collected speci-
mens of a large form of Thermopsis macrophylla H. & A. which
grows on the crest of the Santa Ynez Mts. near Santa Barbara,
California. The plants have been found in clearings in the chap-
arral along the summit road, Camino Cielo, forming “large
clumps of near-shrub size” and reaching a height of about 6 feet.
Since this plant differs not only in size but also in certain techni-
cal details from typical T. macrophylla, it is here named as a new
variety.

Thermopsis macrophylla H. & A. var. agnina J. T. Howell, var. nov. Herba
robusta ad 2 m. alta; caulibus crassis ad 1.2 cm. diametro; foliolis tenuiter
villoso-pubescentibus utrinque, ellipticis vel obovatis, obtusis vel acutis, ad
11.5 cm. longis, stipulis ad 9 cm. longis; inflorescentiis usque ad 5 dm. longis;
calycibus laxe pubescentibus, 7 mm. longis, lobis inferioribus deltoideis,
3.54 mm. longis; corollis circa 2 cm. longis; leguminibus erectis, 3.5-5 cm.
longis, seminibus 4-6.

Collections, all by Henry M. Pollard from the vicinity of Santa
Ynez Peak, Santa Ynez Mts., Santa Barbara County, California:
about 1 mile west of Santa Ynez Peak, elev. about 3500 ft., June
27, 1955 (type, CAS, flowers and fruits); small colony seeding
vigorously after Refugio Pass burn of 1955, Santa Ynez Peak,
elev. about 4000 ft., May 16, 1956 (seedlings and flowers), May
23, 1956 (flowers); near Santa Ynez Peak, Jan. 15, 1956 (seeds).

The original collection of T. macrophylla, made by David
Douglas somewhere in coastal California, was originally de-
scribed with leaflets glabrous above and with lower lobes of the
calyx lanceolate-subulate (Bot. Beechey, p. 329). The Santa Ynez
Thermopsis differs from the typical plant in these details and
probably also in the height of the plant which more than twice
exceeds the dimensions usually given for the species. In the
herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences the only speci-
mens corresponding to the points of the original description
noted above are three specimens collected near Aromas, San
Benito County, by Miss Eastwood (No. 4205) in April, 1915, and
by J. B. Hickman in May, 1915 (but neither in these collections
nor in the original description is the height of the plant indi-
cated). We know that Douglas visited San Juan Bautista on at
least one occasion (cf. Leafl. West. Bot. 3:161), and, since Aromas
is not far distant, it would have been quite possible for him to

APRIL, 1957] SCIRPUS SAXIMONTANUS 159

have made the type collection of T. macrophylla in present-day
San Benito County. Miss Eastwood has already stated that the
type may have been collected in the Santa Cruz Mts. near Glen-
wood (Zoe 5:76-78, —1900), but a specimen collected at Glen-
wood in 1907 by Horace Davis (CAS) has the upper leaf-surface
sparsely and evenly pubescent.

Although no recent description allows a western Thermopsis
a height of 4 feet, a plant “4 to 6 feet high” was described from
northern California by Thomas Howell in 1893 as T. robusta.
In spite of the fact that M. M. Larisey includes this tall plant in
typical T. macrophylla (Mo. Bot. Gard. Annals 27:255, —1940),
she gives the height of that species as only 4 to 6 dm.

SCIRPUS SAXIMONTANUS IN CALIFORNIA. During the summer of
1952, Henry M. Pollard made three collections of Scirpus saxt-
montanus Fernald on the drying margin of Mirror Lake, a small
pond in Ojai Valley, Ventura County, California. There the
plant grew abundantly for that one year when it was collected
on June 28, July 8, and August 12, but, according to Mr. Pollard,
it has not since been seen. Among the many marsh plants found
by Mr. Pollard at Mirror Lake when he was collecting Scirpus
in 1952, the following may be noted: Isoetes Howellit, Marsilea
vestita, Sagittaria Sanfordu, Najas guadalupensis, Cyperus acu-
minatus, Hemicarpha micrantha, Rorippa palustris, Ludwigia
palustris, and Verbena bracteata.

' On October 24, 1954, yet another California collection of S.
saximontanus was made, this time by Ernest C. ‘Twisselmann in
Kern County: 8 miles north of U. S. Highway 466 on the Cor-
coran highway, Twisselmann 1642. Mr. ‘Twisselmann notes that
the plant was “scarce, growing in drying mud of a small fresh
water pool.”

Although Beetle (N. Amer. Fl]. 18: 498) treats S. saxtmontanus
as a synonym of S. supinus var. Hallii (Gray) Gray, I prefer to
follow Fernald (Gray’s Manual, ed. 8, 268), not only in separat-
ing specifically the European and American plants of this rela-
tionship, but also in distinguishing the distigmatic S. Halli
Gray from the tristigmatic S$. saximontanus. The latter, accord-
ing to Fernald, is distributed from “‘Colo. to Mex., e. to S. D.,
Neb., Kans. and Tex.; Pickaway Co., O.” I have not seen a report
of the plant for any western state—JOHN THOMAS HowELL.

160 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 6

GLYCERIA DECLINATA IN STANISLAUS COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. On
May 11, 1953, I collected Glyceria declinata Brébisson (G.
Cookei Swallen) from a vernal pool 2 miles south of Oakdale on
the road to Waterford, Stanislaus County, California, my No.
1247. This, I believe, is a new locality within the state and rather
far removed from the moist canyons and meadows of northern
California whence this European plant has been known earlier.
My determination has been confirmed by J. R. Swallen at the
U. S. National Herbarium.—BEECHER CRAMPTON, University
of California, Davis.

GuIzoTIA SPONTANEOUS IN CALIFORNIA. The African annual,
Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cas., has been found growing as a gar-
den weed in San Francisco (Eastwood in 1932) and as a weed of
waste ground in Santa Barbara (Pollard in 1956). In California,
it most closely resembles species of Bidens from which it may be
distinguished by the broad, erect, herbaceous, outer involucral
bracts, the fertile ray-flowers, and the epappose achenes. One
may wonder how this exotic sunflower, which is widely culti-
vated in India for the oil of its achenes, has appeared in Califor-
nia. A possible clue is suggested by H. F. Macmillan, who reports
that its seed is “commonly used as food for cage birds” (Tropical
Gardening and Planting, ed. 3, p. 396). So far we have no evi-
dence that this plant will become naturalized._JoHN ‘THOMAS
HowELL.

CHENOPODIUM VULVARIA IN CALIForNIA. Although Chenopo-
dium Vulvaria L. is widespread and locally common in northern
California, each of the records of Greene (FI. Fran. 165, —1891),
Abrams (Fl. Pac. States 2:70, —1944), and myself (The Gull
25:23, —1943) concerns only single occurrences. The following
California collections of this evil-smelling weed, which certainly
deserves full floristic recognition in the state, are in the Califor-
nia Academy of Sciences Herbarium: Yreka, Siskiyou Co., L. C.
Wheeler 3307 in 1934; Experiment Station, Chico, Butte Co.,
Eastwood in 1913; along Putah Creek near Davis, Solano Co.,
Crampton 3583 in 1956; lower part of Arroyo Mocho, Alameda
Co., Howell 18111 in 1943; Turlock, Stanislaus Co., Chester
Dudley in 1947.—JoHN THOMAS HOWELL.

a

»

47

Vol. VIII No.7

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS

PAGE
A Tentative Key to the South American Species
Pah CEG SE aes aOR ON oh oa eR RB | 5 |
THOMAS H. KEARNEY

A New Species of Laphamia from New Mexico . . . 168
R. C. BARNEBY

Anent Corydalis Caseana and Eliphalet Lewis Case . . 170
WILLIAM A. DAYTON

Plant Records from San Benito County, California . . 174
PETER H. RAVEN

mew Records oF Western Plants . 6c oe ee ee I)
JosErpH MoNACHINO

The Identity of Carexalbida Bailey. ... . . . . 178
Joun THomas Howe.

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
Aucust 16, 1957

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

A publication devoted particularly to the native and naturalized
plants of western North America and to the cultivated plants
of California, appearing about four times each year. Subscrip-
tion, $2.00 annually. Cost of back files or single numbers fur-
nished on request. Address: John Thomas Howell, California

Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18.

Cited as

LEAFL. WEsT. Bort.

Owned and published by

Joun THomMaAs HOWELL

AUGUST, 1957] SOUTH AMERICAN HIBISCUS 161

AT ATIVE KEY TO THE
SOUTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF HIBISCUS, L.

BY THOMAS H. KEARNEY (7)

The genus Abelmoschus Medic. is excluded, although it was
included in Hibiscus (as a section) by Hochreutiner in his mono-
graph of that genus (Ann. Conserv. et Jard. Bot. Genéve 4: 32,
4951, 148-156). Juxtaposition of species in this artificial key
does not necessarily indicate close relationship. The notes will
be found at the end of the key. Note 1.

1. Plants arborescent or large shrubs, litoral; leaves large, broadly ovate or
suborbicular, often wider than long, coriaceous, discolorous, abruptly
and shortly acuminate, deeply cordate at base, the margin entire or
finely crenulate. Bractlets of the involucel 8 or more, united below;
flowers large, the petals 6 cm. or longer, yellow fading greenish.
Widely distributed on the coasts of South America.................
Re See Ee tte cSt. dans We bln Selaieigs ee ahs H. tiliaceus L. Note 2

1. Plants not arborescent and litoral, or the leaves otherwise (2).

2. Mature leaves, some or all of them, palmately cleft to far below the mid-
dle, or parted. Plants herbaceous; bractlets sometimes appendaged at
apex; calyx, especially in fruit, with conspicuously thickened nerves
and margins. Old World species, often cultivated but scarcely natu-
ralized in South America (3).

2. Mature leaves (except sometimes in H. bifurcatus, H. cisplatinus, H. di-
versifolius, H. furcellatus, H. ingratus, and H. insignis) not lobed or
less deeply lobed (4).

§.Involucel and calyx becoming fleshy and dark red or purple; herbage
glabrous or nearly so; leaf-lobes serrulate or crenulate; calyx-hairs soft
and fine, not conspicuously pustular-based; corolla yellow...........
Beth SORES Cle Gee 6 SOE EOE eae ae H. Sabdariffa L. Note 3

3. Involucel and calyx not becoming fleshy, remaining green; herbage often
more or less hispid; leaf-lobes coarsely toothed; calyx-hairs stiff and
relatively coarse, from a conspicuously pustular base; corolla yellow
or occasionally red, with a dark center...... H. cannabinus L. Note 4

4. Bractlets bifurcate, sometimes very unequally or obsoletely so. Plants usu-
ally shrubby; calyx-lobes with a more or less conspicuous median
gland; petals 4-9 cm. long, pink, crimson, or purple (5).

4. Bractlets not bifurcate (12).

5. Stems normally aculeate. Bractlets 8 or more (6).

5. Stems not aculeate but sometimes (in H. furcellatus) more or less setose.
Bractlets commonly about 14 as long as the calyx (8).

6. Stems usually hispid with long, spreading or retrorse, simple hairs, these
borne on the prominent aculei or on smaller, pustular bases; petals
6-9 cm. long. Leaves mostly 3—5-lobed, often deeply so, serrate; in-

(7) At the time of his death on Oct. 19, 1956,-Dr. Kearney left several completed
manuscripts dealing with the taxonomy of Malvaceae. Through the interest and generosity
of his friends, a fund has been collected under the auspices of the California Academy of
Sciences to meet in part the expense of publishing these papers. The first one is presented
here and others will appear in subsequent numbers of this journal—J. T. Howexv.

Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VIII, pp. 161-180, August 16, 1957.

162 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 7

volucel and calyx hirsute or hispid with long simple hairs. Colombia,
Guiana, Brazil; North America........... H. bifurcatus Cav. Note 5

6.Stems without such long hairs, the aculei minute and more or less re-
curved; petals about 9 cm. long (7).

7. Leaves glabrous or glabrescent, sometimes 3-lobed with lanceolate, acu-
minate lobes; bractlets deeply bifurcate, with arms of nearly equal
length, the bractlets and calyx hispid with long hairs. Guiana......
divi lefy nlc ches wid wieebys Riis Ge x a na ete a seme en Diane ere H. varians Splitg.

7. Leaves minutely pubescent on the nerves, mostly angulately 3-lobed, the
upper ones sometimes triangular to narrowly lanceolate and not
lobed; bractlets shallowly bifurcate with one arm much longer than
the other, the bractlets and calyx tomentellous. Peru..............
iva Raid hin wlabihle Ald wren nis ecb Wie amie haere eee H. peruvianus R. E. Fries

8. Upper leaves greatly reduced, the inflorescence appearing as a naked
raceme; leaves not lobed but (in H. flagelliformis) somewhat angu-
late (9).

8. Upper leaves (in H. kitaibelifolius?) not greatly reduced and the inflores-
cence not appearing as a naked raceme; leaves mostly lobed or angu-
late, often nearly or quite as wide as long but sometimes (in H. fur-
cellatus) much narrower, cordate or subcordate at base. Bractlets
shallowly bifurcate; petals 6-9 cm. long (11).

9. Bractlets 11-13; leaves broadly ovate or suborbicular or the upper ones
subrhombic, denticulate; petals 7-8 cm. long. Brazil...............
ee rere yee te ey yt ee H. trilineatus St. Hil. & Naud.

9. Bractlets 8-10; leaves more or less reniform, mostly wider than long,
rather coarsely and sharply dentate; petals 4-6 cm. long (10).

10. Leaves subangulate; petals pale pink. Stems prostrate. Brazil..........
PET Ce) PER) Taree bee ee: H. flagelliformis St. Hil.
10. Leaves rounded; petals red. Byazil . 06202. : 22s. scienen H. Pohlii Guerke

11.Stems usually velutinous with minute, stellate hairs, sometimes also
more or less setose; leaf-lobes obtuse or acutish, or the leaves not
lobed; capsules usually villous or sericeous. Leaves narrowly ovate to
suborbicular. Colombia, Venezuela, Guiana, Brazil, Paraguay, Peru,
Bolivia, Argentina; North America........ H. furcellatus Desr. Note 6

11. Stems hirsute or villous with long, simple hairs, also shortly stellate-
pubescent; leaf-lobes acute; capsules glabrous. Brazil..............
aie Oieraicis etm decid dle te cee iaxoh nat gtwlbte at totale tapers ewe H. kitaibelifolius St. Hil.

12. Involucel-bractlets conduplicate, with a subcylindric, stalk-like basal
portion and a broad blade, 8-10 in number. Plants suffrutescent to
shrubby; leaves broad; petals erect or only slightly spreading, pink
or purple (12a).

12. Involucel bractlets otherwise (13).

12a. Bractlets less than 14 as long as the calyx, abruptly dilated into a
rounded, subreniform blade, this shorter than the stalk; stems stel-
late-hirsutulous; leaves not lobed, at most slightly angulate, crenu-
late; calyx-lobes obtuse or acutish; petals 3.5-6 cm. long; capsules
hirsute externally; seeds minutely tuberculate, otherwise glabrous.
Venezuela, Guiana, northern Brazil, Bolivia, northern Argentina...
ee oer PI ae H. sororius L. £. Note 7

AUGUST, 1957] SOUTH AMERICAN HIBISCUS 163

12a. Bractlets 34 as long as to nearly equaling the calyx, expanded into an
ovate, acuminate blade, this much longer than the stalk; stems mi-
nutely stellate-pubescent; leaves shallowly 3—5-lobed with broad,
rounded lobes, sparingly crenate; calyx-lobes attenuate-acuminate;
petals 6-7 cm. long; capsules scurfy-puberulent externally; seeds
densely lanate. Ecuador and Peru...... H. Hitchcockii Ulbr. Note 7a

13. Bractlets 4, broadly ovate, cordate, 5—9-nerved, accrescent, up to 2 cm.
long. Stems shortly stellate-tomentose and with long, simple, rigid
hairs; leaves broadly ovate, subangulate, coarsely serrate; calyx some-
what longer than the involucel; petals yellow with a dark red basal
spot, about 6 cm. long; capsules about 44 as long as the calyx, densely
hispid. Northern Brazil and perhaps in British Guiana.............
MR aen ee ee inte st eohe whe @ S/a6 Loe we ck oe Satan H. dimidiatus Schrank

13. Bractlets more numerous and narrower (14).

14. Aculei (except in H. ferox var. metensis) present on the herbage or at
least on the peduncles (15).

14. Aculei absent (24).

15. Leaves usually considerably longer than wide. Bractlets subulate or fili-
form; capsules hirsute or hispid (16).

15. Leaves from wider than long to slightly longer than wide, long-petiolate.
Bractlets much shorter than the calyx, the involucel and calyx more
or less hirsute or hispid (20).

16. Blades mostly lobed. Herbage sparsely (rarely copiously) pubescent, or
glabrate; calyx tubular-campanulate; petals 6-9 cm. long (17).

16. Blades not lobed or sometimes (in H. Lambertianus) subhastately so (18).

17. Involucel usually much shorter than the calyx, the bractlets and calyx
sometimes sparsely hirsute; hairs of the lower leaf-surface mostly
stellate and minute but apparently sometimes simple and longer;
leaf-blades commonly at least twice as long as wide, mostly subhas-
tately to deeply and palmately 3-5-lobed; peduncles mostly 2-4 cm.
long; petals rose-purple with a darker basal spot. Southern Brazil,
Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina......... H. cisplatinus St. Hil. Note 8

17. Involucel about equaling the calyx, the bractlets and calyx hispid; hairs
of the lower leaf-surface simple or the leaves sometimes glabrous on
both surfaces; leaf-blades less than twice as long as wide, mostly
deeply 3-lobed; peduncles up to 9 cm. long; petal color unknown.
Guiana and perhaps in. Brazile ies. 6..10,5 ye eieie nies H. ingratus Miq.

18. Leaves about twice as long as wide; involucel and calyx hispid; bractlets
somewhat shorter than the calyx, arcuate-spreading; petals 8-10 cm.
long, the color unknown. Seeds glabrous. Brazil, Uruguay..........
Repo roae Aopsiar es asst kiatish ahaiatal eaeielsteaye Weave niet dh eee H. amoenus Link & Otto

18. Leaves mostly 3 or more times as long as wide; involucel and calyx usu-
ally more or less hirsute or hispid; bractlets much shorter than the
calyx; petals pink or purple with a darker basal spot (19).

19. Blades mostly 3 times as long as wide, crenate or crenate-serrate, some-
times subhastately lobed; bractlets 14-18; petals (6?) 9-11 cm. long;
seeds hairy. Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argen-
tina; North America... 2.2.2.3 H. Lambertianus H.B.K. Note 9

164 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 7

19. Blades 5 or more times as long as wide, serrate, not lobed; bractlets 10-12;
petals 7-9 cm. long; seeds presumably glabrous. Brazil, northern Ar-
POTION Nees Sere <a Gini icine asm ates ate H. linearis St. Hil. & Naud.

20. Petals 4-5 cm. long, commonly yellow; calyx campanulate, the lobes
about as long as the tube. Leaves very diverse, suborbicular to oblong-
ovate, often 5-lobed or 5-parted, long-petiolate, the upper leaves much
reduced and the inflorescence thus appearing as a terminal, spike-like
raceme; peduncles short; bractlets 8-10, these and the strongly nerved
calyx thick, more or less verrucose; capsules hispid. Colombia, Brazil;
North America; perhaps introduced from the Old World..........
ss sales Mish ste eae eli Ve ag eda cise aa Hi. diversifolius Jacq. Note 10

20. Petals 6 cm. or longer; calyx more or less tubular, the lobes shorter than
the tube (21).

21. Leaves not lobed, aculeate and tomentose beneath, discolorous; pistil
long-exserted. Petioles, peduncles, and calyx aculeate; peduncles 20
cm. or longer; petals red, up to 11.5 cm. long. Colombia...........
scaperaverey es ef Poole tok oars tate ue ee Neceatortapeeve te ea H. pseudoferox Hochr.

21. Leaves usually more or less angulate or lobed; pistil not or only moder-
ately exserted (22).

22. Petals pink or purple with a darker colored basal spot, 7-8 cm. long;
leaves 3- or obscurely 5-lobed, deeply serrate, hispid on both surfaces.
Plants shrubby or arborescent; bractlets 12-14, hirsute; calyx-lobes
broad, rounded and apiculate at apex; capsules about 14 as long as
the fruiting calyx, hispid with yellowish hairs. Guiana; West Indies.
sites Wie tacit i sialon hale: a pi ae H. trilobus Aubl. Note 11

22. Petals yellow; leaves commonly 5-7-lobed or -angulate, suborbicular.
Calyx hispid, the lobes much shorter than the tube; petals about
twice as long as the calyx, spreading or reflexed apically (23).

23. Peduncles, stems, and leaf-veins aculeate with stout, basally flattened
spines, or (in var. metensis Tr. & Planch.) hispid but not aculeate;
plants shrubby or arborescent; peduncles at anthesis 1-3 cm. long;
bractlets 7-10, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, hispid. Leaves up to
25 cm. long and wide, cordate; calyx at anthesis 4-5 cm. long, in fruit
up to 13 cm. long. Colombia, Ecuador and perhaps Bolivia; Costa
RAGA Force lisse ee etelerm ates aie hae lsh ated oer aayereede te ates Hi. ferox Hook.

23. Peduncles, but not the stems and leaves, aculeate; plants herbaceous,
tall; peduncles (at anthesis?) 7-11 cm. long; bractlets 11 or 12, lanceo-
late, stellate-hirsute. Ecuador.......... H. trichromathus R. E. Fries

24. Calyx-lobes with an oblong or circular median gland (25).

24. Calyx-lobes (except perhaps in H. setifer) not glandular. Bractlets sub-
ulate (29).

25. Bractlets 10 or more, linear-subulate or narrowly oblanceolate, hirsute
or hispid (26).

25. Bractlets 9 or fewer, much shorter than the calyx. Petals 4-6 cm. long (27).

26. Stems densely pubescent with rigid, spreading, stellate hairs; leaves or-
bicular or broadly ovate, typically obtuse (acuminate in var. acumi-
natus Hassler), rather shallowly crenate-dentate, sometimes obscurely
3-5-lobed; bractlets about 14 as long as the calyx. Petals 5-6 cm. long
(up to 8 cm. in var. acuminatus), pink with a red basal spot. Southern
Brazil, | Pakata ye cies eins: sts utes eee eee H. cucurbitaceus St. Hil.

AUGUST, 1957] SOUTH AMERICAN HIBISCUS 165

26.Stems pubescent with mostly simple hairs; leaves ovate, acuminate, con-
spicuously doubly serrate; bractlets only slightly shorter than the
calyx. Petals not described but apparently about 6 cm. long. Southern
BVAZILS eee athe eielcle So Sia wiceel aig H. urticaefolius St. Hil. Note 12

27.Stems densely tomentose with minute, stellate hairs. Flowers often in a
nearly leafless raceme or thyrse at end of the stem and branches;
bractlets 6 or 7, subulate, not more than 14 as long as the calyx, united
toward base; petals rose, about twice as long as the androecium.
Brazier see mths ais eden isis sata welche H. Henningsianus Guerke

27. Stems hirsute or roughly stellate-pubescent (28).

28. Flowers in a more or less racemose or paniculate inflorescence, with the
uppermost leaves greatly reduced or aborted; leaves suborbicular,
broadly ovate, or subrhombic, more or less denticulate, subcordate to
cuneate at base; petals pink with a purplish base. Bractlets often more
OlslessPLeEHeXECs SBLAZAN sts cic) e aiays tere oc Berea oe H. laxiflorus St. Hil.

28. Flowers solitary in the axils; leaves subreniform, much wider than long,
coarsely crenate-dentate, subcordate at base with a very open sinus;
Petals TOse-pink. Paraguay... -sece.s see. H. Hasslerianus Hochr.

29. Petals not more than 2 cm. long. Plants shrubby or suffrutescent; stems
glabrous or sparsely pubescent; leaves thin, coarsely toothed, more
or less acuminate; bractlets 9-11, narrowly linear or nearly filiform,
equaling (rarely shorter) to much longer than the calyx (30).

29. Petals (except perhaps in H. setifer) not less than 3 cm. long (31).

30. Leaves 3-6(9?) cm. long, 2/5 to equally as wide as long, deltoid-ovate or
deltoid-lanceolate, truncate, obtuse, or subcuneate at base, often shal-
lowly lobed; petals normally crimson; seeds with long white hairs.
Colombia, Venezuela, and perhaps in Brazil; North America........
Nera aca rape eae o a4 Sis wes og > ys Aid, Soaps eee H. brasiliensis L. Note 13

30. Leaves 15 cm. or longer, 14 as wide as long, ovate-oblong and subrhom-
bic, not lobed; petals (as described) violet; seeds not described. Brazil
(Amazon, Valley) excicteierern aveisia o)harais ee, 2s H. Cavanillesianus H.B. K.

3}. Stems hirsute with long (up to 5 mm.), simple, mostly retrorse hairs, and
with a decurrent, tomentose line. Leaves cordate with a closed sinus,
tomentose on both surfaces, discolorous, 3—5-lobed, the midlobe
elongate, attenuate-acuminate; stipules subulate, becoming reflexed;
bractlets 15, setaceous, tomentose and densely ciliate; flowers and
fruit unknown. Presumably from Ecuador...H. setifer Presl. Note 14

31. Stems glabrous or the hairs much shorter or not simple (32).

32. Herbage glabrous or nearly so (33).

32. Herbage very pubescent (36).

33. Petals deeply laciniate with numerous oblong or spatulate lobes, pink or
crimson. Plants shrubby; leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate; flowers on
very long, slender peduncles; bractlets minute, many times shorter
than the tubular, shallowly lobed calyx; androecium slender, greatly
surpassing the corolla. An Old World species, often cultivated and
frequently escaping in northern South America, apparently natural-
i EI 2 ei eae ee H. schizopetalus (Mast.) Hook. f.

33. Petals not laciniate (34). ;.

34. Leaves subsessile or very shortly petiolate, lanceolate, the margins entire
or sparingly dentate; bractlets 9, subulate, much shorter than the

166 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 7

calyx; petals dorsally farinose. Capsules villous at apex. Brazil (Matto
GHOSE) Cha chs KER tn Set wee H. glabrifolius St. Hil. & Naud. Note 15

34. Leaves mostly distinctly (often long-) petiolate, broader, rather coarsely
toothed; bractlets fewer, linear to subulate; petals not farinose, usu-
ally with a darker basal spot. Plants shrubby or arborescent. Old
World species, extensively cultivated and sometimes escaping (35).

35. Blades up to 15 cm. long, commonly broadly ovate, truncate or sub-
cuneate at base; bractlets 5 or 6, about 14 as long as the calyx; petals
6-8 cm. long, bright red; androecium often long-exserted...........
bg Ad de vides Wovens So ia VE etn H. Rosa-sinensis L. Note 16

35. Blades up to 8 cm. long, rhombic-ovate, cuneate at base, mostly 3-lobed;
bractlets 6-8, equaling or somewhat longer than the calyx; petals 3-6
cm. long, pink or white; androecium not exserted...... H. syriacus L.

36. Petals (in H. insignis?) 10 cm. or longer (37).

36. Petals not more than 8 cm. long. Calyx somewhat accrescent and bladder-
like after anthesis (38).

37. Leaves mostly deeply 3-lobed, the lobes cuspidate-acuminate; involucel
much shorter than the calyx, shortly 8-dentate; petals yellow tinged
with pink, with a purple basal spot; capsules hirsute................
ES ee ree rhe ee nee H. insignis Mart. Note 17

37. Leaves not lobed, ovate, subcordate or obtuse at base, up to 25 cm. long;
involucel about 34 as long as the calyx, of 8 or 9 subulate, distinct
bractlets; petals white, with suborbicular blades somewhat shorter
than the very long claws; fruit unknown. Brazil...................
Nan rs a aida lg Sole) 8 ASN bib oy Eo Ra ea H. Peterianus Guerke

38. Bractlets 13 or more, subulate, thick, hispid, 24-34 as long as the calyx;
flowers solitary in the axils; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate,
14-14 as wide as long, obtuse or subcordate at base, rather coarsely
serrate-dentate; petals (6?) 7-8 cm. long, normally red with a darker
colored basal spot; capsules hirsute. Herbage stellate-tomentose; calyx
membranous, hirsute. Brazil, Paraguay, northern Argentina.........
BE SMES en ORO S eI ONC SD ONE OIROG om H. Selloi Guerke. Note 18

38. Bractlets fewer and broader; flowers often subcorymbosely aggregated at
apex of the stem and branches; leaves nearly as wide as to wider than
long, usually angulate or shallowly lobed, cordate; petals 4-6 cm.
long; capsules hispid (39).

39. Herbage more or less pubescent with minute, stellate hairs, often also
with glandular hairs; leaves long-petiolate, the lobes acutish to acumi-
nate; bractlets 6-8, narrowly to broadly lanceolate; calyx tomentose;
petals spreading, pink, or white fading pink; seeds lanate-hispid.
Brazil, Peru, perhaps only cultivated; native of tropical Asia........
Sa tA solspichs Alc uiG OS Ue Bats SUA Ao mincna pio H. mutabilis L.

39. Herbage hispid-tomentose with longish, forked or stellate hairs; leaves
shortly petiolate; bractlets 9 or 10, spatulate, 3-4 mm. wide; calyx
somewhat hirsute; petals erect, pink or purple; seeds puberulent.
Guiana, northern Brazil: Panama.: .)3:2..55..2... oceces eee

NOTES

1. The following plants, some of which may not belong to the genus Hibis-
cus as now restricted, are too poorly known for inclusion in this key: H.

AUGUST, 1957] SOUTH AMERICAN HIBISCUS 167

apricus Vell. (Brazil), H. axillaris Vell. (Brazil), H. fuwgax Mart. ex Spreng.
(Brazil), H. geminiflorus Ernst (Venezuela), H. Joungianus Tr. & Planch.
(Colombia?), H. prunifolius F. G. Dietr. (Guiana), H. quinquelobatus Vell.
(Brazil), H. submaritimus Larrafiaga (Uruguay).

2. Synonyms: see key to the Northern American species, Note 3 (Leafl.
West. Bot. 7:281). I. M. Johnston (Sargentia 8: 195-196) distinguished var.
abutiloides (Willd.) Hochr. in northern South America and var. pernambu-
censis (Bertol.) Johnst. (H. pernambucensis Bertol.) on the coast of Brazil
south of the Amazon, the latter with a merely dentate involucel.

8. Synonyms: see key to the North American species, Note 5 (Leafl. West.
Bot. 7:282).

4. Synonym (or variety?): H. radiatus Cav., a form with usually appen-
daged bractlets.

5. Synonyms: see key to the North American species, Note 10 (Leafl. West.
Bot. 7:282).

6. Synonyms: see key to the North American species, Note 11 (Leafl. West.
Bot. 7:282). In var. dominicus (Hochr.) Hassler (H. dominicus Hochr.) the
herbage is copiously setose (subaculeate). In var. multiformis (St. Hil.)
Guerke (H. multiformis St. Hil.) the capsules are glabrous (Fl. Bras. 123:
563).

7. Synonym: H. crenatus Splitg. non Vell.

7a. Leafl. West. Bot. 7:271.

8. This polymorphic species apparently intergrades with H. Lambertianus.
Rodrigo (Rev. Mus. La Plata ser. 2, 7: 137, 139) cited the following as syno-
nyms: H. argentinus Speg., H. Lambertianus var. lobatus Chod. & Hassler,
H. Lindmanii Guerke. The last was described as having broad, deeply lobed
leaves and non-aculeate stems.

9. H. salviaefolius St. Hil. was cited as a synonym by Rodrigo (ibid. p.
132). Hochreutiner (Ann. Genéve 4: 143) distinguished two varieties, var.
genuinus Hochr. and var. angustifolius (Hook. & Arn.) Hochr. (H. angusti-
folius Hook. & Arn.), the latter characterized by stems, petioles, and pedun-
cles glabrous except for the aculei, and leaves glabrescent. An older varietal
name for this plant is var. glaber Guerke (FI. Bras. 123: 552).

10. Synonyms: see key to the North American species, Note 22 (Leafl. West.
Bot. 7: 282).

11. See key to the North American species for other characters (second
key paragraph 31) and synonyms (Note 23) (Leafl. West. Bot. 7: 278, 282).
As figured by Cavanilles (Diss. t. 53, fig. 2), the calyx is broadly tubular, with
broad lobes.

12. A photograph of the type of this little-known plant shows only upper
leaves, none of which is lobed, although Hochreutiner (Ann. Genéve 4: 118)
described the leaves as obtusely trilobate. Two species may be represented
in this photograph, the right-hand portion having, apparently, bifurcate
bractlets.

13. Synonyms: see key to the North American species, Note 26 (Leafl.
West. Bot. 7: 283).

14. The status of this plant is uncertain. It may not belong to the genus
Hibiscus as now understood. Hochreutiner (Ann. Genéve 4: 176) listed it as
“sp. dub.”

168 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 7

15. The length and color of the petals were not mentioned in the authors’
description.

16. Several varieties have been described. Synonym: H. pulcherrimus
Speg., according to Rodrigo (Rev. Mus. La Plata ser. 2, 7: 149).

17. Possibly an Old World species, although reported from Brazil. See
Fl. Bras. 123: 555 and Hochreutiner’s Monograph (Ann. Genéve 4: 122, 123).

18. Rodrigo’s description (Rev. Mus. La Plata ser. 2, 7: 129-131) differs in
some respects from Guerke’s (Fl. Bras. 123: 553). In var. paraguariensis Chod.
& Hassler, the petals were described as white or pale pink.

19. In Fl. Bras. (123: 547) H. verbasciformis was described under the
untenable name H. spathulatus Garcke, non Gaudich.

A NEW SPECIES OF LAPHAMIA FROM
NEW MEXICO

BY R. C. BARNEBY
Wappingers Falls, New York

Laphamia staurophylla Barneby, spec. nov., inter congeneres pappo 2-6-
setoso necnon foliis palmatim, fere cruciatim tripartitis insignis.

Suffruticulus humilis diffusus fere undique puberulus nunc inferne gla-
bratus, nunc superne minutim atomifero-resinosus; caules annotini herbacei
fragiles e trunco valido nodoso vel e caudice breviter ramuloso emissi 5-20 cm.
longi, infra inflorescentiam laxe cymoso-paniculatam (1) 3-13-capitulatam
simplices; folia (in vivo crassiuscula subsucculenta) caulina opposita cum
petiolo elongato 7-35 mm. longa, majora palmatim tripartita, laciniis ambitu
oblanceolatis vel spatulatis deorsum attenuatis, integris vel saepius 14-den-
tatis -lobatisve, in bracteas alternas lineares vel spatulato-trilobas abeuntia;
pedunculi 3-15 mm. longi, anguste clavati; involucri campanulati 44.8 mm.
longi squamae circa 14 oblongo-oblanceolatae obtusae vel acutiusculae dorso
carinatae concavae apicem versus villosulae atque ciliolatae; receptaculum
convexum alveolatum; capitula radiata circa 30-35-flora; radii pauci (1-4),
lamina oblongo-obovata tricrenata 3.5-4 mm. longa aurea (nunc in sicco
albescenti); disci corollae 3-4 mm. longae, fauce cylindracea tubum angus-
tiorem glandulosum superanti; achaenia oblonga compressa vel obscure tetra-
gono-compressa nigra 1.7-2.2 mm. longa, margine carinata sed vix incrassata,
parce puberula, ciliolata; pappus simplex, e setis 2-6 minute scaberulis, sin-
gula (nonnumquam 2) ex utroque angulo 1.2-2.1 mm. longa, aliis (ubi
adsunt) plerumque brevioribus ex intervallo passim ortis.

New Mexico: crevices of dry, north-facing limestone cliffs,
and in cracks of massive fallen boulders, elevation about 6300 ft.,
La Luz Canyon below High Rolls, on the western slope of the
Sacramento Mountains, Otero County, 2 September, 1956, R. C.
Barneby 12,889. Type in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci., No. 405624;
isotypes NY, GH, K, RSA, US, and herb. Univ. New Mex.

On account of the concave involucral bracts and long-cylindric

AUGUST, 1957] A NEW LAPHAMIA 169

throat of the disc-corollas, L. staurophylla would key to Lepto-
pharynx (Rydberg, 1914). However this genus has been shown
by Everly (1947, p. 378) to be inadequately characterized and
composed, in fact, of a mixture of Perityle and Laphamia. In her
study of generic limits in the group, Everly returned, with minor
modifications, to the classic definition of the genera proposed by

Laphamia staurophylla Barneby, spec. nov. Upper left, leaf-outlines; upper
right, involucre; bottom, from left to right, achenes, disc-corolla,
involucral scale and ray.

Gray (1886, pp. 71 and 319-320), and emphasized the absence of
an outer pappus-crown of short squamellae as the one consistent
differential character of Laphamia. In this sense L. staurophylla
is unquestionably a true Laphamia, although readily distin-
guished in the genus by the combination of deeply tripartite, al-
most cruciform leaves and the peculiar pappus composed of two
to six bristles.

The form of the pappus is of theoretical interest in that it rep-
resents a state somewhat intermediate between that of Laphamia
“proper” (in Gray’s sense) and Laphamia sect. Pappothrix Gray,
a little group of four west Texan and New Mexican species
which was elevated by Rydberg to generic rank and lately ac-
cepted at the generic level by Everly. The pappus of typical La-
phamia consists of a narrow naked callous crown with or without

170 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 7

a single bristle (exceptionally two) arising from one or both
angles of the achene. In some species the setae vary from one to
none, in others from one to two (or three). About half the
achenes of L. staurophylla are bisetose, that is typically lapha-
mioid; the rest bear anything from one to four subsidiary, com-
monly shorter bristles arising close to the primary pair or at
random points in the intervals between the angles. ‘The pappus
of Pappothrix consists of some twenty to thirty closely spaced
bristles.

Whatever the evolutionary significance of the pappus may be,
the general appearance of L. stawrophylla does not suggest a close
relationship to any species of Pappothrix. In growth-habit, size
and arrangement of the heads, and other details, it resembles
the Texan L. laciniata (Torr.) Rydb.; but this has oblanceolate,
saliently few-toothed leaves, rayless heads, and no pappus. La-
phamia gilensis, endemic to cliffs along the Salt River and tribu-
tary creeks in central Arizona, has some deeply tripartite leaves,
but the lobation of the segments is greatly different in pattern,
the heads are larger, the rays commonly more numerous, and the
pappus consists of but a single bristle.

LITERATURE CITED
Everty, Mary Louise. 1947, A taxonomic study of the genus Perityle and
related genera. In Contrib. Dudley Herb. 3: 375-369.
Gray, AsA. 1886. Synoptical Flora vol. 2, part 1, Gamopetalae.
RYDBERG, PER AXEL. 1914. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 21-26.

ANENT CORYDALIS CASEANA
AND ELIPHALET LEWIS CASE (1843-1925)

BY WILLIAM A. DAYTON
Arlington, Virginia

Fitweed corydalis (Corydalis Caseana A. Gray) was published
in Brewer, Watson & Gray’s “Botany of California” (vol. 1, p. 24,
-1876) with the statement that it was named for E. L. Case. ‘This
handsome plant, in ornamental cultivation, has caused serious
sickness and losses of cattle and sheep in the Plumas National
Forest in California. In preparing a manuscript on western
range forbs I became interested in learning something about
that tragic figure, the eponym of this plant. Having searched in
vain among my fairly numerous biographical references, I ap-
pealed to the owner and publisher of this journal, John Thomas

AUGUST, 1957] ELIPHALET LEWIS CASE Ril

Howell, who in turn kindly suggested three possible sources of
information. One of these sources, Mr. Allan R. Ottley, Cali-
fornia Section Librarian of the California State Library at Sac-
ramento, has very graciously furnished me with the following:
(1) a reproduction of an account of Mr. Case’s death in The
Mountain Messenger of Downieville, California, for November
21, 1925; (2) eleven other (page and date) references to the Dow-
nieville Mountain Messenger for 1925 and 1926. I have since
obtained from Mr, Ottley 16 photostatic excerpts relating to the
last days of Mr. Case. (3) Registration registers of voters in Plu-
mas and Sierra counties, California, for 1872 and 1876, respec-
tively; (4) an excerpt from an “Illustrated History of Plumas,
Sierra and Lassen Counties” for 1882. Through the U. S. De-
partment of Agriculture Library, I have been able to obtain two
references to the Pacific Rural Press for 1876. Prof. Joseph Ewan
of Tulane University kindly wrote on my behalf to Dr. Harold
St. John at Honolulu and the latter has furnished two addi-
tional details. My warm thanks are extended to Messrs. Howell,
Ottley, Ewan, and St. John for their invaluable help, without
which this notice could not have been written.

From the above it would appear that Eliphalet Lewis Case
was a native of Fredericktown, Knox County, Ohio, and that he
served in the Union Army during the latter part of the Civil
War. He moved to Sierra Valley, California, after the war and
taught in the public schools of ‘Taylorsville and Sierraville. He
later moved to Downieville, the county seat of Sierra County,
about 1895 and became a member of the Board of School Exam-
iners of the county. In 1902 he was elected Treasurer of Sierra
County and served in that capacity, with the exception of one
term, until his death. He was an ardent amateur botanist and
an intimate associate of the well-known California botanist
John Gill Lemmon (1832-1908).

Vol. 11 (1876) of the Pacific Rural Press has six articles by
Lemmon under the head “Botanical Excursions’, at least three
of which have personal references to Case. In the first one
(March 4, p. 146) Lemmon writes that, in his “snow-covered re-
treat at Webber lake, April 8, 1875,” he received a letter from
“Dr. Geo. Vasey, Botanist of the Agricultural Department in
Washington,” saying that “Dr. Gray advises me to solicit you to
collect specimens of the trees and shrubs of your region . . . for
exhibition at the Centennial.” He then adds:

“But one can do little collecting alone, so I led my little curly pony,

ly LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 7

packed to his ears with plants, back to Sierra valley, and beset in his school-
room my companion on so many excursions, Prof. E. L. Case, to accompany
me out in the great basin to Pyramid Lake — one of the reservoirs or residual
seas of this once vast ocean. Thinking of the heavy labor and fierce exposure
it involved, the Professor at first hesitated, but by dint of glowing descrip-
tions and strong promises, he kindly consented.

“Stowing our little wagon with bedding, food and great bales of botanical
paper, we scampered down the long east side of Sierra valley, 35 miles to
Beckwourth pass, through which we emerged into the great Fremont basin,
to toil for weeks through its sand, alkali and prickly bushes, revel in its
curious and rare flora, gaze upon its grand yet gloomy scenery, and bring
away — beside the characteristic products of the basin — a train of vivid,
treasured memories of strange scenes and striking adventures in that wonder-
ful sun-scorched land — a veritable tierra caliente!”

In the second of these Pacific Rural Press articles (No. 14, p.
210, April 1, 1876) Lemmon writes:

“We [i.e., Lemmon and Case] took our fill of Humboldt desert in two days
and one night. That night was spent out on the rank smelling floor to rid
ourselves of the . . . 9,473,608 solid feet of mosquitos, until becoming ex-
hausted, we crowded into the wagon, dropped the curtains, crept under five
pairs of blankets, with our boots on and a bake kettle over our heads. . . . The
only way we could botanize the plain next day was for me to arm one hand
with a bush, and continually whip my face, with the other hand grasp
blindly for flowers, while Prof. Case stood over me with a wisp of bushes in
each hand, with which he lashed alternately my shoulders and his own. We
thus secured a number of rare prizes, among them a fifth new Astragalus,
which properly bears the name of Astragalus Casei, Gray. .. . Returning by
the same route to Pyramid Lake . . . Prof. Case amused himself with shooting
pelicans. . . . Four rods off I can detect plants two inches high . . . but I see
nothing else. . . . Perhaps this is why I have not seen a grizzly bear in all
my travels. Case declares, however, that it is because of my inveterate whis-
tling or singing, enough, he says, to frighten a grizzly a half mile away.”

Lemmon graphically describes in detail a harrowing ride in
a skiff in a succession of squalls on Pyramid Lake, with Case act-
ing as skipper, using a blanket for a sail. “Case, I cried... I
would as leave go down here as anywhere, and with you as any-
one, but think of the trouble it would give to learn our fate.
Think of the Odd Fellows. Think of our mothers!”’ He mentions
some of his war experiences, of marching through Georgia and
of six months of starvation in Andersonville Prison, but says he
was young then and none of this equaled “the row for life on
Pyramid Lake and the search for water and food” the following
night.

In the third of these Pacific Rural Press articles (“The North-
ern Valley of Lassen’s Peak. Part Ist. Sierra Valley to American
Valley. No. 15, p. 226, April 8, 1876) Lemmon writes that, at the
request of Asa Gray, “some three years ago I visited Lassen’s

AUGUST, 1957] ELIPHALET LEWIS CASE 173

peak, on one of my first botanical trips. I was accompanied then,
for the first time, by the genial gentleman who has so often been
my companion since, Prof. E. L. Case”. He adds that they were
able to bring back only a few specimens (in a copy of Harper’s
Monthly) and, among them, was “a very beautiful, sweet-scented
Corydalis, entirely new to science’. Dr. St. John calls my atten-
tion to a letter dated January 30, 1874, from Lemmon to Gray
in which the writer says: “Should the enclosed Corydalis prove
a new species or variety I beg you will honor another of my
friends, Prof. E. L. Case of this valley. He is a very good scholar,
a pure-minded gentleman, and as modest as he is good. He was
with me at the time of its discovery and has accompanied me in
nearly all of my ramblings.”

In the last of these articles, concluding the Lassen’s Peak series
(No. 25, pp. 386-7, June 17, 1876), Lemmon writes that, after
leaving Hot Springs Valley and the Hot Springs (now within the
present Lassen Volcanic National Park),

“all taking to horse, we wind through the forest of Picea amabilis,1 or red
silver fir, eight miles, and (Corydalis) Caseana valley is reached. This is a
meadow or swamp of rank herbs and grasses skirted with alders and cut
through a stream the banks of which are lined with the new Corydalis
Caseana, which I have omitted to describe until we came to its home. Here
the plant grows to the largest size and presents the finest appearance of
any locality yet found. It is often four or five feet high, and its fragrance is
detected 10 rods away. The abundant foliage is pea green, and the robust
branches terminate in spikes of white flowers holding a purple swollen
palatee [referring to the petal tips—W.A.D.] in the open mouth, and pro-
vided with a large spur or sac of nectar below. The succeeding pods contain
four to six black, ariled, hard seeds, that when ripe are thrown to a great
distance by the valves of the pods. The slightest breath or touch, and woe
to the curious eyes unprotected. With difficulty I have captured a few seeds,
as you would catch grasshoppers, and sent them abroad. Thriving plants
are now reported in Cambridge, Philadelphia and Washington, also in Eng-
land and the continent.”

The last two years of Case’s life ended in tragedy. His associ-
ates noted that he was conspicuously failing mentally. On Wed-
nesday afternoon, November 18, 1925, he shot himself through
the heart on the grave of his wife. He left a daughter and two
grandchildren. He was Treasurer of the Sierra County Chapter
of the American Red Cross, a Mason, Knight Templar, and Odd
Fellow and was given a Masonic funeral. His finances proved to
be in deplorable state; there was a shortage of nearly $25,000

1 Presumably the California red fir (Abies magnifica Murr.) is intended. The following
trees are not known to occur in California: Pacific silver fir [Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forbes,
syn. Picea amabilis Dougl. ex Loud.]; subalpine fir [A. lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt., syn. Picea
amabilis Gordon in part]; noble fir [A. procera Rehd., syns. A. nobilis (Dougl.) Lindl.,
Picea amabilis Hort. ex Carr.].—W.A.D.

174 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 7

in county funds, and he owed numerous individuals about an
equal amount. Case was a very frugal man, lived modestly and
the Downieville Mountain Messenger of December 5, 1925, ob-
served: “Where this money . . . has disappeared without leaving
any traces... is one of the queerest features in a decidedly queer
case.” Downieville was stunned by the situation, the ““Messen-
ger,” remarking: “Mr. Case was known to nearly every resident
of Sierra County, all of whom esteemed him highly.’’ Beside
Case’s body, when it was discovered, were two letters, one ad-
dressed to his daughter and the other jointly to Henry E. Quig-
ley (County Clerk and Auditor) and District Attorney Henry B.
Neville. The latter read as follows: “Being a bankrupt, defaulter
and a ‘liar’ I can not live longer! No blame in my heart toward
you. You have simply done your duty. . . . No hope. I deserve
nothing but censure. Business matters simply awful! Phone to
Mamie and Fred [his daughter and son-in-law] not to come up
to attend funeral. . . . Of course I don’t deserve—and I don’t
want—a Masonic funeral. Glad I’m not entitled to it.”

A Mr. Frank P. Roddy recalled that the night before he shot
himself Case had talked to him about the gruesome John Deer-
water murder many years before in Sierra Valley and that the
noon of the day of Case’s death his talk had been incoherent. A
former convict, who later evaded the authorities, ran a chicken
farm on Case’s property and whether this had any possible con-
nection with Case’s difficulties apparently will never be known.

PLANT RECORDS FROM SAN BENITO
COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

BY PETER H. RAVEN

Several recent trips to San Benito County have provided an
opportunity to obtain certain collections of plants which, ac-
cording to the available literature, seem to represent notable
extensions of range. Because some of these have considerable
phytogeographic interest, they are reported on at this time.
Numbers for collections cited are my field numbers, unless
otherwise indicated; and the specimens are deposited in the herb-
arium of the California Academy of Sciences or in the herbarium
of the University of California at Berkeley (UC).

MUHLENBERGIA ANDINA (Nutt.) Hitchc. With Parnassia cali-
fornica (Gray) Greene along a stream in a small grove of Caloced-

AUGUST, 1957] SAN BENITO COUNTY PLANT RECORDS 175

rus decurrens (Torr.) Florin (Libocedrus decurrens Torr.; see
Taxon 5: 192,—1956), in heavily serpentinized soil, 24.1 miles
from junction north of Bitterwater on road to New Idria (8827).
I can find no previous record from cismontane California for
this grass, which is generally thought of as Sierran in this State.

MUHLENBERGIA ASPERIFOLIA (Nees & Mey.) Parodi. Along Clear
Creek near road to New Idria, 18.8 miles from junction north
of Bitterwater (8825). Here it grew in serpentine soil, and was
associated with such other typical Great Basin plants as Haplo-
pappus racemosus (Nutt.) Torr. (8818) and Chrysothamnus nau-
eosus (Pall.) Britt. ssp. mohavensis (Greene) Hall & Clements
(8819), as well as other, more local plants such as Salix Breweri
Bebb (8822), Solidago confinis Gray, and Aquilegia eximia Van
Houtte ex Planch. (8826). The last was in full bloom on Septem-
ber 1, 1955, and heavily browsed by deer.

The Muhlenbergia was not reported from the Coast Ranges
or central San Joaquin Valley by Beetle (Hilgardia 17:334,
—1947), but the following specimens indicate a somewhat more
extensive distribution: Corral Hollow, San Joaquin Co., Howell
10847, E. Crum 1486 (UC); Cuyama Ranch, 2200 feet elevation,
San Luis Obispo Co., W. A. Peterson 342 (UC); 1 mile south of
Merced, Merced Co., Mrs. F. Angwin in 1934 (UC); Lockwood
Valley, Ventura Co., Pollard in 1949; Willits Hot Springs, Sespe
Creek, Ventura Co.,. Dudley & Lamb 4795 (UC).

ALLIUM Burtewm Davidson. Near Bench-mark X3046 along
Clear Creek about 7 miles from Hernandez, with Pinus Sabin-
tana, P. Jeffreyi, Quercus durata, Arctostaphylos glauca, and
Ertodictyon californicum (9195A, with G. L. Stebbins, Jr., R.
Tomich, et al.); Vallecito region, either on Griswold Hills or at
New Idria Mine, G. Lyon 774 (UC; det. M. Ownbey). Not re-
ported from north of the San Emigdio Range.

PHORADENDRON JUNIPERINUM Engelm. var. Lisocepri Engelm.
Common on a single tree of Calocedrus decurrens, on the south-
east slope of San Benito Peak, at about 4900 feet elevation (9201,
with Stebbins and Tomich). This seems to be the first record
from the central Coast Ranges.

LANGLoIsIA ScHoTTu (Torr.) Greene. Although H. L. Mason
(in Abrams, Illustr. Fl. Pac. States 3:453, —1951) does not cite this
species from north of the Mojave Desert in California, Jepson
(Fl. Calif. 3:221, —1943) mentions a collection from the Kettle-
man Hills, Kings County, and the following may also be cited:
deserty slope near junction of Griswold Hills with road to New

176 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 7

Idria, with Yucca Whipplei and Ephedra californica (9237, with
Stebbins and Tomich; Mason 12574, UC; G. Lyon 949, UC). I
have also seen collections from the inner south Coast Ranges in
Fresno, Kern, and San Luis Obispo counties.

PHACELIA RATTANII Gray. In oak woodland near the mouth of
Horsethief Canyon, 3.6 miles south of Hernandez on road to
Coalinga (9/62, with Stebbins and Tomich); between Templeton
and Cayucos, San Luis Obispo Co., Eastwood & Howell 2281;
Jack Creek bridge in Dover Canyon, Santa Lucia Mts., San Luis
Obispo Co., Ferris 9782 (CAS, UC). South to the Santa Cruz
Mountains and Mount Hamilton Range, according to Jepson
(Fl. Calif. 3:267, —1943).

NICOTIANA ATTENUATA Torr. Cole Gem Mine, on a shoulder of
Santa Rita Peak at about 4500 feet elevation, San Carlos Range
(8834). According to Jepson (Fl. Calif. 3:453, —1943), “basically
a Great Basin plant, . . . in California almost wholly transmon-
tane. .. .” Seemingly the first report from between Humboldt
and Trinity counties on the north and the San Emigdio Range
on the south (see Goodspeed, The Genus Nicotiana, p. 429,
—1954).

NEW RECORDS OF WESTERN PLANTS

BY JOSEPH MONACHINO
The New York Botanical Garden, New York

The following plants were collected by the writer in Montana
and Washington during 1953 and 1954 and vouchers are depos-
ited in the Herbarium of The New York Botanical Garden.
They appear to be first records for the respective states. With the
exception of the Gaultheria, all are European weeds which
surely will in time greatly increase their range in the United
States. The Lychnis, Ajuga, and Hieracium are already natural-
ized in the East.

Lycunis pioicA L. Longmire, Mount Rainier National Park,
Pierce Co., Wash., July 16, 1954. The species had already been
collected in 1933 at Coeur d’Alene, Idaho (J. H. Christ 2404, det.
C. V. Morton).

AJUGA REPTANS L. Longmire, Mount Rainier National Park,
July 16, 1954. Large dense colony, spreading by stolons; flowers
blue.

PARENTUCELLIA viscosa (L.) Car. Lowland approach to Mt.

AUGUST, 1957] TWO UMBELLIFEROUS WEEDS 177

Rainier, Pierce Co., Wash., July 12, 1954; abundant in a field.
The species also has been collected in Snohomish Co., Wash.
(J. G. Witt 1976, Aug. 2, 1954). It is known from Oregon and
California.

HIERACIUM AURANTIACUM L. Bremerton, Illahee State Park,
Kitsap Co., Wash., July 17, 1954; a considerable stand in a lawn.
The mention of this species on page 235 in part 5 of Vascular
Plants of the Pacific Northwest (Hitchcock et al., 1955) is based
on the present collection.

FILAGO ARVENSIS L. Glacier National Park, near Belton, Flat-
head Co., Mont., July 21, 1953; not rare. The species also has
been collected in British Columbia, Idaho (several times), and
Michigan.

GAULTHERIA OVATIFOLIA Gray. Glacier National Park, near
Belton, Mont., July 20, 1953; occasional. This northwestern spe-
cies is known from northern Idaho; the present report is a slight
eastern extension of range.

NorTEs ON 'TWo UMBELLIFEROUS WEEDS IN CALIFORNIA. Since
the recent discussion by J. T. Howell on the status of Apiuwm
leptophyllum (Pers.) F. Muell. in California (Leafl. West. Bot.
6:219-220, —1952), it has been reported as a weed in Santa Bar-
bara by C. F. Smith (A Flora of Santa Barbara, p. 56, —1952),
and collected there twice by Henry M. Pollard (Pollard in 1950,
in 1952). The following weedy occurrences have also come to our
attention: common lawn and roadside weed, Lompoc, Santa Bar-
bara Co., Pollard in 1952; roadside, Ventura, Ventura Co., Pol-
lard in 1949; lawn weed, Alameda, Alameda Co., F. Payne in
1952; lawn and garden weed, Westwood, Los Angeles, Los An-
geles Co., Raven 9398, 9401.

I also collected Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. in weedy
lawns in Westwood (my No. 9402) and noted it as locally com-
mon in several places. I have also seen a specimen from a lawn in
San Mateo, San Mateo Co. (W. J. Bevan in 1951). I can find no
previous record from the western United States, but this vari-
able, nearly pantropical weed may well become established to a
limited extent in California. It can easily be distinguished from
other North American species by:the characters given by Math-
ias and Constance in the North American Flora (Vol. 28B:52,
—1944).—PETER H. RAVEN.

178 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 7

THE IDENTITY OF CAREX ALBIDA BAILEY
BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

It would appear that neither Mackenzie nor Stacey appreci-
ated the problems of Californian phytogeography when each of
them referred Carex albida Bailey to synonymy under C. Lem-
monii W. Boott. Although C. Lemmonii was recognized as a
montane species with chiefly a Sierran distribution by both these
workers, each of them identified as C. Lemmonii the type col-
lection of C. albida which came from a distantly removed part
of the central California Coast Ranges at an elevation of less
than a thousand feet. Unfortunately Stacey persisted in this
error even after making field studies in the region where the
type of C. albida was collected—he continued to call the type
plant of that species C. Lemmonii, while the plants he saw grow-
ing he described as new. I am convinced that C. sonomensts
Stacey is a synonym of C. albida Bailey. The type of C. albida
was collected by Bigelow on Santa Rosa Creek in 1854 and the
type of C. sonomensis was collected by Howell and Stacey at the
Pitkin Marsh in the same general region in 1937.

An examination of the type collection of C. albida preserved
in the Torrey Herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden
explains why Mackenzie and Stacey misinterpreted the plant.
This specimen, which has been annotated by Bailey, Mackenzie,
and Stacey, consists of two immature pieces, but since the piece
on the right is the larger and more mature it is the one on which
studies, past and present, have been made. This part of the spec-
imen carries six spikelets, of which the two uppermost are so
closely approximate that they appear to be one, and, since there
is an open interval between them and the next lateral spikelet
below, the pair appears to be pedunculate. Because C. Lemmonit
has been differentiated from its relatives by “uppermost pistil-
late spikes strongly overtopped by the staminate spike. . .” (Mac-
kenzie, 1931-1935, p. 311), C. albida seemed to agree with C.
Lemmonit. However, since the type material of C. albida is
young, I believe that if it had matured its two uppermost spike-
lets would have exhibited the contrasting character: “upper-
most pistillate spikes little exceeded by the staminate spike”
(Mackenzie, 1. c.), one of the characters used by Stacey (1937, p.
64) to separate C. sonomensis and C. luzulina from C. Lem-
monit.

Another character for distinguishing C. albida from C. Lem-

AUGUST, 1957] CAREX ALBIDA BAILEY ie,

monii which I discovered while critically examining these plants
is to be found on the teeth of the perigynium-beak. Whereas
these tiny points are smooth in C. Lemmonit, in C. albida they
are frequently minutely serrulate-hispidulous-roughened, both
inside and out. This character, as well as the characters of the
perigynia, inflorescence, and leaves, indicates that C. albida is
more closely related to C. luzulina than to C. Lemmonii. Al-
though Mackenzie in the N. Amer. Fl. (p. 314) states that C. al-
bida “‘apparently is best placed under C. Lemmoniz’”’, before
that he too had realized the interrelationship of C. albida and
C. luzulina and had referred it in synonymy to that species (see
below under C. luzulina). The brownish-purple-tinged peri-
gynia and the brownish scales of C. Juzulina differentiate it from
C. albida in which the perigynia are pale and the scales are whit-
ish-hyaline except for the pale midrib.

When Bailey described C. albida (1889, p. 9), he referred to
specimens collected on Santa Rosa Creek, California, by Thur-
ber and by Bigelow to be found in herb. Boott. and herb. Tor-
rey., and specimens by these two collectors are cited by Kiiken-
thal (1909, p. 558). I do not believe that Thurber ever collected
this plant and that his name was used inadvertently by Boott
when he was examining material of Bigelow’s collection sub-
mitted to him. In Boott’s notation, as given on the sheet in the
New York Botanical Garden, his reference to ““Thurber’s speci-
mens” has been altered by someone, possibly Torrey, to “Bige-
low’s? specimens.” Boott’s note was later published in Pacific
Railroad Survey Botany (p. 154) under C. cherokeensis and
there it is Bigelow, not ‘Thurber, who is named.

To ascertain the nature of the collection in herb. Boott., I
sought information about it from Mr. E. Nelmes, specialist in
Cyperaceae at Kew, and he kindly sent me a detailed description
of plants, labels, and annotations on the sheet there. In herb.
Kew. there are four culms, two in herb. Boott. and two in herb.
Hooker., all mounted on the same sheet. ‘The specimen in herb.
Hooker. is accompanied by the same printed label that is found
on the specimen in New York, while the one in herb. Boott. car-
ries two labels, one with “Thurber ... Gray sent 1854” in Boott’s
hand and the other with “No. 20. Thurber” in Boott’s hand. It
would appear that all of the specimens are from a single collec-
tion made by Bigelow and that either Gray or Boott attributed
to Thurber by mistake the specimen sent to Boott for deter-
mination.

180 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VIII, NO. 7

The following is a nomenclatural and bibliographic synopsis
of C. albida with the citation of material I have examined:

CAREX ALBIDA Bailey, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club 1: 9 (1889). C. luzulaefolia W.
Boott var. ablata (Bailey) Kiikenthal forma albida (Bailey) Kiikenthal in
Engler, Das Pflanzenreich IV. 20 (Heft 38): 558 (1909).

C. cherokeensis Boott in Torrey, Pacific RR. Reports (Botany) 4: 154
(1857), and W. Boott in S. Watson Bot. Calif. 2: 248 (1880); not Schweinitz.

C. luzulina Mackenzie in part, Erythea 8: 64 (1922); in Jepson Fl. Calif. 1:
231 (1922); in Abrams III. Fl. Pacific States 1: 325 (1923); not Olney.

C. Lemmonii Mackenzie in part, N. Amer. Fl. 18: 314 (1935); not W. Boott.

C. sonomensis Stacey, Leafl. West. Bot. 2: 63 (1937); M.S. Baker in A Partial
List of Seed Plants of the North Coast Ranges of California, p. 7 (June,
1951), mimeographed; P. Rubtzoff, Wasmann Journ. Biol. 11: 160 (1953).

CoLLEcTIons (all from Sonoma County, California): Santa Rosa Creek,
Bigelow in 1854 (May 1, acc. Pacific RR. Rept. 4: 154), type collection of C.
albida (Torrey Herbarium in NY); Pitkin Marsh Howell & Stacey 12681,
Howell & Stacey 13042 (type, CAS), Howell 20889, Howell 32621, M.S. Baker
11392, Rubtzoff 140, 235, 256, 496; Perry’s Ranch near Sebastopol, Hoover
4111.

CALIFORNIA RECORDS OF KOELERIA PHLEOIDES. New informa-
tion on the expanding distribution of Koeleria phleoides (Vill.)
Pers. in California has not been printed to my knowledge since
Hitchcock listed three collections in Jepson, Fl. Calif. 1: 131
(1912). These collections came from Shasta, Butte, and San Joa-
quin counties. The following collections in the California Acad-
emy of Sciences indicate a present wider dispersal: flood bed
of Dibble Creek just north of Red Bluff, Tehama Co., Howell
29187 in 1954; common in rocky grassland, McLaren Park, San
Francisco, San Francisco Co., Raven 9251 in 1956; Bayview
Hills, San Francisco, Howell 31628 in 1956; street weed, Ala-
meda, Alameda Co., Howell 31248 in 1956; Los Banos bird re-
serve, Merced Co., Eastwood 17961 in 1930; Millerton, Fresno
Co., Eastwood & Howell 5441 in 1938; Gillis Canyon southeast
of Shandon, San Luis Obispo Co., Howell 24376 in 1948; grassy
valley, 7 miles north of Woodlake, ‘Tulare Co., Howell & Barne-
by 29236 in 1954; dry grassy hills, 7 miles east of Famoso, Kern
Co., Howell & Barneby 29199 in 1954; Ross Canyon, 8 miles
south of Blackwell’s Corner, Kern Co., Twisselmann 1053 in
1954; Antelope Plains, 9 miles southwest of Blackwell’s Corner,
Kern Co., Twisselmann 1858 in 1955. All of these collections
except the one from Alameda have pilose spikelets.

—J. T. HOWELL.

0 ae tthe
PPR ory
“a

aa

ee
gl

, ww OY

“Tay

Vol. VIII No. 8

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS

PAGE
The 1932 Templeton Crocker Expedition,
penny -tave. Weatsyeeter ia De kee Olan re ST
Joun THomas HOWELL

remime ton trocmers: ether 2s. iG) oer eo Be

Hetus of tne’ Galapagos Aslands 3.) fe a a 88
C. V. Morton

The Atriplex of the GalapagosIslands . . . . . . 195

Joun THoMAs HOWELL

Biographical Additions and Corrections . . FO
ELLA DALES CANTELOW AND HERBERT CLAIR Chinois

The Grasses of San Francisco, California . . . . . 198
PETER H. RAVEN

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
DECEMBER 6, 1957

LEAFLETS

of
WESTERN BOTANY

A publication devoted particularly to the native and naturalized
plants of western North America and to the cultivated plants
of California, appearing about four times each year. Subscrip-
tion, $2.00 annually. Cost of back files or single numbers fur-
nished on request. Address: John Thomas Howell, California

Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18.

Cited as

LEAFL. WEsT. Bort.

Owned and published by

Joxun THoMAsS HOWELL

DECEMBER, 1957] © TEMPLETON CROCKER EXPEDITION 181

THE 1952 TEMPLETON CROCKER
EXPEDITION, TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AFTER

BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

The year 1957, besides marking the twenty-fifth anniversary
of LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BoTANY, is also the twenty-fifth anni-
versary of the 1932 Templeton Crocker Expedition of the Cali-
fornia Academy of Sciences. Although a few Festschrift pages
here are scarcely commensurate with the overall scientific ac-
complishments of that expedition, I believe that this is the ap-
propriate time to recall the importance of the expedition to
the Academy, to place on record the total number of plant
collections, and to present an up-to-date bibliography pertain-
ing to the plants and to the botanical activities. At this time
it seems proper to publish a letter written by the late Temple-
ton Crocker* in which he writes of his happy recollection of
the first large-scale scientific expedition he directed. And I am
grateful to my friend C. V. Morton for his important contribu-
tion to the celebration.

G Dallas Hanna has already given a brief account of the
expedition (Science, New Series, 76:375-377, —1932) and C. E.
Grunsky and Templeton Crocker give a list of personnel and
an itinerary with map in the papers which open the two volumes
of the Academy’s Proceedings that are devoted almost in their
entirety to the reports on the natural history collections of the
expedition (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, vols. 21, 22). Suffice
it to repeat here, the expedition under the direction of Mr.
Crocker sailed from Yacht Harbor, San Francisco, on his yacht
Zaca on March 10, 1932, and docked at Pier 45 at the end of the
return trip on September 1, 1932. During this time, 9046 miles
were traversed and landings were made on the shores of the
Galapagos Islands, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Mexico, and south-
ern California.

Besides the extensive natural history collections obtained,
the expedition made important contributions to the geography
and hydrography of places visited, particularly in the Galapagos
Islands. One of the outstanding geographic accomplishments
was the first ascent of the highest central point of Indefatigable
Island which now bears the name Mt. Crocker. Already I have

* Mr. Crocker died in San Francisco, Dec. 12, 1948.
Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VIII, pp. 181-200, December 6, 1957.

182 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. vull, NO. 8

published an account of this ascent (Sierra Club Bulletin 27:79-
82, —1942), but the pictures published here are the first to show
the fern-covered summit. It seems particularly appropriate that
the unnamed caulescent fern, which is the most conspicuous
vegetative feature of the highest slopes of the mountain, is be-
ing named and described at this time.

Although the high attainment of the expedition is primarily
a tribute to Mr. Crocker, whose generosity paid for it and whose
personal direction of activities netted such rich scientific re-
turns, the importance of the expedition is also a tribute to Bar-
ton Warren Evermann who envisioned the whole. The 1932
expedition is to be counted as the final crowning achievement
in Dr. Evermann’s distinguished career which was closed by his
death less than a month after the return of the expedition.

In botany the collecting of vascular plants was first in order
of attention, but as botanist on the expedition I also made a
special effort to collect algae and liverworts. Whenever I de-
dected liverworts, I collected them for my friend, Mrs. Dorothy
Sutliffe; and algae I collected for my good friend and inspiring
teacher, William Albert Setchell, who touched my pride when
he asked me to get what algae I could, but added “of course I
know phanerogamic botanists don’t like to get their feet wet.”
Fungi, lichens, and mosses, I regret to state, did not receive the
attention they deserved; but if I had given them more attention,
some other branch of collecting would have had to be neglected.

The following table lists the approximate total number of
specimens (not counting duplicates) obtained in the major plant
groups. The figure for the vascular plants is derived from my
field numbers. I did not give field numbers to non-vascular
cryptogams, so the totals for them are generally based on the
numbers assigned to collections by specialists who studied them.

NUMBER OF BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS

POAC Gots use meh tea eee 1000
PEM) oe as age dean Meee ae 75
BR SPACTAS, a ehacnae Siok a hehe 50
PIC PAHICAS oss aoa) ee eye 140
WRRISCA 75 0.5 4k ake nhc ene eens 50
Vascinlar Prints ooo ee 2555

Total 3870

DECEMBER, 1957] © TEMPLETON CROCKER EXPEDITION 183

NuMBER OF NOVELTIES DESCRIBED FROM THE
BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS

Subspecies,
varieties,
Genus Species and forms
LS ie BAe renee ia a2 8
MRRNNE eee cA deh caus nts (os - 3
ET eee a 3
BED ARICAG 2 c)a thn 48a» 6p ls A 9
ET ee ee ee See ae 1 2 avis
Praecilat PAANES:. oo, 6.0% ss, » 1 32 28
Totals 1 91 36

BIBLIOGRAPHY RELATING TO THE BOTANY
OF THE
‘TEMPLETON CROCKER EXPEDITION OF THE
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 1932
COMPILED FOR THE YEARS 1932 To 1957

1. GENERAL ACCOUNTS OF THE EXPEDITION
CROCKER, TEMPLETON.
1933. Introductory statement. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4,
21:3-12, Plate 1 (Map).
GRUNSKY, CARL EWALD.
1933. Foreword. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 21:1, 2.
Hanna, G DALLAS.
- 1932. The Templeton Crocker Expedition of the California
Academy of Sciences. Science, New Series, 76:375-377.
RotcH, GARLAND.

1933. Appendix B. Itinerary of the Templeton Crocker Ex-
pedition of the California Academy of Sciences, 1932,
pp. 8, 9. In: Introductory statement, by Templeton
Crocker. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 21:3-12.

2. BOTANICAL CONTRIBUTIONS
BARTRAM, EpwIn B.
1933. Mosses of the Templeton Crocker Expedition. Proc.
Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 21:75-86.
Bonar, LEE.
1939. Fungi from the Galapagos and other Pacific coastal
islands. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 22:195-206.

184 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO.8

CxarK, Lois.

1953. Some Hepaticae from the Galapagos, Cocos, and other
Pacific coast islands. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4,
27:593-624.

DARBISHIRE, OTTO VERNON.

1935. The Roccellaceae. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser 4, 21:285—-
294.

Hircucock, ALBERT SPEAR.

1935. New species of grasses from the Galapagos and the
Revillagigedo islands. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, .
21:295-300.

Howe, MARSHALL A.

1934. The Hepaticae (chiefly Riccia and Anthocerotaceae) of
the Galapagos Islands and the coast and islands of Cen-
tral America and Mexico. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4,
21:199-210.

HowELL, JOHN THOMAS.

1933. The genus Mollugo in the Galapagos Islands. Proc.

Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 21:13-—23.

The Cactaceae of the Galapagos Islands. Proc. Calif.
Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 21:41-54.

[Euphorbia guadalupensis J. T. Howell, spec. nov., pp.
51, 52.] In: Some western euphorbias of the section An-
isophyllum. Leafl. West. Bot. 1:51-54.

The Amaranthaceae of the Galapagos Islands. Proc.
Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 21:87-116.

1934. Cacti in the Galapagos Islands. Cactus and Succulent
Journal 5:515-518, 531, 532.
Concerning the names of the species of Cereus in the
Galapagos Islands. Cactus and Succulent Journal 5:585,
586.

1935. The vascular plants from San Nicolas Island, Califor-
nia. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 21:277-284.
New flowering plants from the Galapagos Islands. Proc.
Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 21:329-336.

1937. The plant genus Coldenia in the Galapagos Islands.
Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 22:99-110.

1941. My visits to Guadalupe Island. Leafl. West. Bot. 3:36—41.
The genus Scalesia. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 22:
221-271.

DECEMBER, 1957] | TEMPLETON CROCKER EXPEDITION 185

1942. A list of vascular plants from Guadalupe Island, Lower
California. Leafl. West. Bot. 3:145-155.

Up under the Equator. Sierra Club Bulletin 27:79-82.
A short list of plants from Cedros Island, Lower Cali-
fornia. Leafl. West. Bot. 3:180-185.

1949. Eight days in the Revillagigedo Islands. Leafl. West.
Bot. 5:157-162.

1952. [Sida salviaefolia Pres] var. submutica J. T. Howell, var.
nov., p. 169.] Jn: Notes on Malvaceae II, by Thomas H.
Kearney. Leafl. West. Bot. 6:165-172.

1957. The 1932 Templeton Crocker Expedition, twenty-five
years after. Leafl. West. Bot. 8:181—186.

The Atriplex of the Galapagos Islands. Leafl. West. Bot.
8:195-197.
KEARNEY, THOMAS H.

1952. [Malvastrum insulare Kearney, spec. nov., pp. 167, 168. ]

In: Notes on Malvaceae II. Leafl. West. Bot. 6:165-172.
KILuLip, ELLSworTH P.

1938. [Passiflora foetida var. galapagensis Killip, var. nov.,
p- 505.] Im: American species of Passifloraceae. Field
Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., Vol. 19, parts I and II, pp. 1-
613.

LEGRAND, C. DIEGO.

1953. [Portulaca lutea Soland. Howellii, nov. var., pp. 11, 12,
Plate VI.] In: Notas sobre Portulaca. Comunicaciones
Botanicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Monte-
video, Vol. 2, No. 27, pp. 1-21.

LInpER, Davin H.
1934. Lichens. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 21:211-224.
Morton, C. V.

1957. Ferns of the Galapagos Islands. Leafl. West. Bot. 8:188-
195.

O’NEILL, HuGH, AND BROTHER BENEDICT AyREs, F. S. C.

1944. [Cyperus Howellii O’Neill & Benedict, spec. nov., p. 35.]
In: Some New World Cyperi. Leafl. West. Bot. 4:33-38.

SETCHELL, WILLIAM ALBERT.

1937. Report on the sargassums. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4,
22:127-158.

SETCHELL, WILLIAM ALBERT, AND NATHANIEL LYON GARDNER.

1937. A preliminary report on’ the algae. Proc. Calif. Acad.
Sci., Ser. 4, 22:65—98.

186 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. vill, No. 8

SLEUMER, HERMANN.

1935. [P(ernettya) Howellii sp. nov., p. 649.] In: Revision der
Gattung Pernettya Gaud. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. u. Mus.
Berlin-Dahlem 12:626-655.

STANDLEY, PAUL C.

1944. [Bursera Howellii Standl., sp. nov., pp. 58, 59. Randia
crescentioides Standl., sp. nov., pp. 88, 89.] In: Studies
of Central American Plants —IV, by Paul C. Standley
and Julian A. Steyermark. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot.
Ser., 23:31—109.

[ Disciphania nesiotes Standl., sp. nov., pp. 113, 114.] In:
Studies of Central American Plants —V, by Paul C.
Standley and Julian A. Steyermark. Field Mus. Nat.
Hist., Bot. Ser., 23:113—150.
SVENSON, HEnry K.
1939. The Cyperaceae. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 22:187-
193.

This issue of

LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY

has been made possible by gifts from the
Ida Bourne and Lena Gibbs Fund
of the

California Academy of Sciences

and from the
California Botanical Club

All pictures except Pate 1 are from photographs by Toshio Asaeda,
expedition photographer and artist.

Plate 1. On board the Zaca, sailing day, March 10, 1932 (left to right): J. T.
Howell, Templeton Crocker, Captain Garland Rotch, and Robert J. Lanier, (San

Francisco Examiner photograph.)

Plate 2a. Indefatigable Island from Academy Bay with the Zaca at anchor.
Mt. Crocker is the highest point on the skyline.

i

: ee ee Ps oles

Plate 2b. The fog-shrouded summit of Mt. Crocker, elevation about 2300 feet.
The floor and walls of the much-wasted crater are covered with a low dense growth
of plants, the tallest and most conspicuous being the tree-fern, Hemitelia Weather-
byana Morton.

945 GREEN STREET
SAN FRANCISCO

September 7, 1942.

My dear Howell:

I was very much impressed by the expressions in
your letter commemorating the terth anniversary of
our expedition. It came as a surprise, because so
much has intervened that I would have thought it closer
to twelve or fourteen years since we entered the Golden
ae so very early in the morning on September first,
Oz.

That was my first experience, but the crew and I
profited so much that we were able to carry on through
five subseouent expeditions.

The Zaca and ourselves have travelled €6,915 miles
in ovr devotion to science, and two additional trins
had been planned when finances, then the war, made us
stov.

I can say without reservation that the Galapagos
venture was the most successful from the standpoint of
successful accomrlishment. On none of my expeditions
has everyone cooperated so willingly and effectiveiy
with those whose sole interest was to assist you all.

The most expert and the most energetic workers were
yourself and Coultas, field ornithologist of the American
Museum of Natural History.

In 1962 I had not the experience to appreciate

fully your persistency and enthusiasm, but I can now.

Your description of the Indefatigable climb was most
interesting to me. Do you remember that night at
Horniman's when you tried to spend the night in a baby's
crib?

I congratulate you on the work you have so far
accomplished on your collection of Galapagos material,
and ho.e that the time spent on it will bring up memories
that will always be as pleasant as they are to me.

With kindest regards,

“1 hap EDm Croefecte,

_ Crocker’s reply to greetings on the tenth anniversary of his 1932 expedition
to the Galapagos Islands.

188 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VIII, NO. 8

FERNS OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS?*

BY C. V. MORTON
U. S. National Museum, Washington, D.C.

The ferns of the Galapagos Islands have been listed several
times, by Hooker, Robinson, Stewart, and others. ‘The most re-
cent and complete list is ““Pteridophyta of the Galapagos and
Cocos Islands,’ by H. K. Svenson?, which summarizes the work
of previous investigators. Altogether 68 species are listed defi-
nitely from the Galapagos. The collections made by Mr. John
Thomas Howell while a member of the Templeton Crocker Ex-
pedition in 1932 added three species to the known fern flora.

Studies undertaken incidental to identifying some of Mr.
Howell’s collections have revealed that several species of Sven-
son’s list were incorrectly determined. The present paper gives
some of the results of this work. However, no attempt has been
made to study many of the species that have been listed. Future
studies may well result in some additional nomenclatural or
taxonomic changes.

Ophioglossaceae

OPHIOGLOSSUM RETICULATUM L. Albemarle Island: Villamil
Mountain, above Santo Tomas, Howell 9001.
This species is not included in Svenson’s list. It was reported
by Clausen.3
Cyatheaceae

Hemitelia Weatherbyana Morton, spec. nov. Arbor, trunco erecto, usque
ad 3 m. alto apice paleato, paleis lineari-lanceolatis, 2-2.5 cm. longis, 4-5 mm.
basi latis, apice filiformibus, valde bicoloribus, medio fuscis, marginibus
pallidis apicem versus erosis; stipites castanei, apicem versus circa 7 mm.
diametro, furfuracei, remote tuberculati sed vix spinosi; rhachis straminea,
inermis, parcissime furfuracea, supra canaliculata; lamina bipinnato-pin-
natifida, pinnis alternis breviter petiolulatis (6-15 mm.), oblongo-lanceolatis,
maximis 44 cm. longis et 20.5 cm. latis, longe acuminatis, rhachilla brunnea,
furfuracea, supra canaliculata, pinnulis 15—20-jugis, alternis, sessilibus, maxi-
mis circa 11 cm. longis et 2 cm. latis, acuminatis, segmentis circa 18-jugis
infra apicem pinnatifidum, oblongis, circa 1 cm. longis et 5 mm. latis, paulo
falcatis, apice vix acutis, apicem versus subdenticulatis vel maximis ubique
crenulatis, basi in alam 1.5-2.5 mm. latam conjunctis, supra in costulis
brunneo-pilosulis alibi glabris, subtus in costis paleis substramineis subplanis
longe ciliatis usque ad 5 mm. longis ornatis, in costis venis superficiebusque
pilosulis, pilis patulis hyalinis multicellularibus, in costis et venis paleatis,

1 Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
2 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 65: 303-333 (1938).
a aa Robert T. A monograph of the Ophioglossaceae. Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 19:

DECEMBER, 1957] | FERNS OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 189

paleis albidis vel subhyalinis subcucullatis longe acuminatis; venae liberae,
7-9-jugae, omnes furcatae, subtus prominentes; sori magni, supramediales,
dorso in ramulo antico venarum vel deorsum in ramulis ambobus positi;
indusium semi-hemisphaericum, antice apertum, hyalinum vel subbrun-
neum, glabrum, apice subdentatum vel erosum; receptaculum magnum
sphaericum prominens; paraphyses nullae vel non obviae.

Type in the United States National Herbarium, No. 2,204,812,
collected on Mount Crocker, Indefatigable Island, Galapagos
Islands, May 9, 1932, by John Thomas Howell (No. 9227). Iso-
type in the California Academy of Sciences. Additional speci-
mens: ALBEMARLE IsLAND: Villamil, common on the south, east, ©
and southeast inner walls of crater-at 3150 feet elevation and
occasionally on the outside above 2450 feet, Aug. 28, 1905, A.
Stewart 894 (CAS, US). JAMEs IsLAND: James Bay, trees 8—10 feet
high on south and southeast sides above 2750 feet elevation,
Aug. 8, 1905, A. Stewart 896 (CAS, US), 897 (CAS, US). Cuat-
HAM IsL_Anp: Wreck Bay, trees 6-10 feet high, common on the
south and southeast sides of the main mountain at 1800-2000
feet elevation, Feb. 23, 1906, A. Stewart 895 (CAS, US).

This, the only tree-fern of the Galapagos, is the dominant
plant of the higher elevations of the interior mountains, where
it is one of the few woody or tree-like plants. A description of
the peculiar habitat where the type was found (in the crater of
Mount Crocker) will be found in Mr. Howell’s paper “Up under
the Equator.’’4

A. Stewart identified and reported his collections as H. multi-
flora, but, as pointed out by Svenson (op. cit. 318), they are quite
different from that species as delimited by Maxon.° Svenson list-
ed this plant as Hemitelia aff. subcaesia Sodiro, but such a rela-
tionship is extremely unlikely. As shown by Sodiro’s original de-
scription® (“involucro cupuliformi”) and by a specimen in the
United States National Herbarium collected by Sodiro “‘in sylvis
subandinis montis Cotacachi” in April, 1874, which is probably
a part of a syntype, “Hemitelia” subcaesia is not a Hemitelia
at all but a true Cyathea. I would not exactly describe its indu-
sium as ‘“‘cupuliform”’; it is rather “patelliform,” a circular disk
completely surrounding the receptacle at base. The present spe-
cies, H. Weatherbyana, is a true and typical Hemitelia, with a
one-sided, half-spherical indusium facing outward. ‘The deter-

4 Sierra Club Bulletin 27: 79-82 (1942). °

5 Maxon, W. R. On the identity of Hemitelia multiflora, the type of the genus Hemitelia
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 38: 545-550 (1912).

6 Sodiro, Luis. Crypt. Vasc. Quit. 522 (1893).

190 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VIII, NO. 8

mination of its true relationship must await future studies of
the South American representatives of the genus. I do not find
any species that seem close.

It has been often stated that the character of the indusia is
an unreliable guide to relationships in the Cyatheaceae, and
that consequently the traditional genera Cyathea, Alsophila,
and Hemitelia ought to be merged in Cyathea. In my opinion
this radical viewpoint, involving the renaming of hundreds of
species, has not been proved. It may well be true that a more nat-
ural classification could be developed by an intensive compara-
tive study of anatomy, scales, sporangia, and spores, but until
such time it does not seem that anything is to be gained by an
indiscriminate dumping of all the species into Cyathea.

The species is named in honor of the late Mr. C. A. Weather-
by, in recognition of his work in studying various collections
from the Galapagos Islands.

Polypodiaceae
BLECHNUM FALCIFORME (Liebm.) C. Chr. Indefatigable Island:
Mount Crocker, May 10, 1932, J. T. Howell 9252. A surprising
extension of range, the first record of a species of the subgenus
Lomaria from the islands. However, although the range has been
thought to be only from Mexico to Panama, there is one collec-
tion known from Colombia, which will be reported elsewhere.

Ctenitis pleiosora (Hooker f.) Morton, comb. nov. Polypo-
dium pleiosoros Hook. f., Trans. Linn. Soc. [London] 20: 166
(1847). Dryopteris pleitosora Svenson, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club
65: 316 (1938).

As I have mentioned in other publications, I believe that the
traditional large genus Dryopteris may conveniently be split up
into three major genera Dryopteris, Thelypteris, and Ctenitis,
which are perhaps not closely allied, and possibly a few smaller
ones. This viewpoint necessitates the new combination given
above for this endemic species of the Galapagos. The other
species of Ctenitis known from the area should be called Ctenitis
ampla (Humb. & Bonpl.) Ching.

DIPLAZIUM EXPANSUM Willd. Indefatigable Island: above For-
tuna, Howell 9275.

Doubtless the same as Svenson 132 (which I have not seen),
reported by Svenson (op. cit. 313) as “aff. subobtusum Rosenst.”
It appears that D. subobtusum is a doubtful species, known from

DECEMBER, 1957] | FERNS OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 19]

inadequate material, which may or may not be closely allied.
Howell 9275 matches closely Valeur 547, from the Dominican
Republic, identified by Christensen as D. expansum, and it may
with fair assurance be so identified. These large compound spe-
cies of Diplazium need working out.

DENNSTAEDTIA CICUTARIA (Swartz) Moore. Indefatigable Is-
land: forest belt, Fortuna, Howell 9192.

A first record for the Galapagos Islands. Another species of
Dennstaedtia, D. globulifera (Poiret) Hieron., has been known
from James Island (Stewart 882, 883). It was reported by Stewart,
strangely enough, as Polystichum apztifolium, i.e. Maxonia api-
folia, which is, of course, an entirely unrelated plant belonging
to a different tribe from Dennstaedtia. Dennstaedtia cicutaria
may be distinguished at a glance from D. globulifera by its
greater dissection (quadripinnate rather than tripinnate) and
its minute saucer-shaped (rather than large, short-tubular) in-
dusia.

ELAPHOGLOSSUM ENGELII (Karsten) Christ. Indefatigable Is-
land: Mount Crocker, May 10, 1932, Howell 9250.

Svenson’s list contains only one Elaphoglossum, viz., E. petio-
latum (Swartz) Urban, to which are referred the previous records
for E. Langsdorfti, E. muscosum, E. viscosum, and “Acrostichum
viscosum var. glabriusculum.” Four species are now definitely
known from the Galapagos, and strangely enough none of the
above names seems to be applicable to any of them. Inexplicably,
Svenson annotated Stewart 775 (Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 91,809) as
“E. petiolatum,” although this sheet contains obviously three
species belonging to three sections of the genus, and none of
them is petiolatum or even in the same section as that species.
One of these is the species here reported as E. longifoliwm, one
is E. glossophyllum, and the third (the left-hand plant) is pos-
sibly the present species E. Engelii, but it is fragmentary and
scarcely to be identified.

It is likely that the Darwin collection referred by Hooker to
Langsdorfii and by Robinson to muscosum is the same as the
Howell collection here referred to E. Engelii, a species charac-
terized, among the other species of the island, by having the
sterile blades densely paleaceous beneath, with large, imbricate
ciliate scales similar to those of muscosum. As represented from
the type locality (Jamaica) and’ elsewhere, E. muscosum has an
essentially erect rhizome with clustered fronds; the stipes are

192 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. vill, NO. 8

shorter, with large, pale, spreading scales, and the blades are
relatively short and broad. The thick rhizome of E. Engelii is
obviously creeping and the fronds scattered and subdistichous;
the stipes are longer, and the scales smaller, darker, and some-
what appressed.
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ELAPHOGLOSSUM
Blades densely and persistently scaly beneath, the scales large, imbricate,
fonp-ciliatie ¢ ja). ctec ie d.e sat cote wale oles Pe eae at E. Engelti
Blades scaleless, or if scaly (E. leptophyllum) the scales small, few, and by
no means imbricate.

Rhizome thick (6 mm. in diameter or more), short-creeping; rhizome
scales large, dark brown, concolorous. Blades large (30 cm. long or
more, 4 cm. wide or more) short-stipitate ............. E. longifolium

Rhizome slender (2-2.5 mm. in diameter), long-creeping; rhizome scales
bicolorous, dark shining black in the center above the middle.

Blades less than 1 cm. wide; stipes slender, 0.4-0.8 mm. in diameter....
Sie’ in fait Sie ecg dix sp ake ale plain & hoard Sin get cls Se ele eae E. leptophyllum
Blades 3.5-4.5 cm. wide; stipes 1.5 mm. in diameter or more............
= ayeoisteigts iol arevel stakevalete ssbtai cceis ca ¥eueia erm ie evel ehayaiote el orars toad E. glossophyllum

ELAPHOGLOSSUM GLOSSOPHYLLUM Hieron. Albemarle Island:
Villamil, abundant on the sides of steep banks on the south side
of the mountain, 3150 feet altitude, Stewart 775 (Calif. Acad.
Sci. 91,809, center plant).

The specimen at hand consists of a part of a rhizome and the
stipe and base of a sterile frond. So far as can be determined, it
agrees exactly with a syntype of Hieronymus’ species (Lehmann
6944, from Popayan, Colombia) in the U.S. National Herbarium
(No. 1,424,803). The elongate, slender (2 mm. thick) sparingly
scaly, creeping rhizome, and the spaced-out, long-stipitate,
broad, scaleless fronds readily distinguished this species from the
others known from the Galapagos.

ELAPHOGLOSSUM LEPTOPHYLLUM (Fée) Moore. Indefatigable
Island: above Fortuna, in the Miconia-belt, May 10, 1932,
Howell 9260.

It is quite likely, on a priori grounds, that the Darwin speci-
men identified by Hooker as viscosum, i.e. now E. petiolatum, is
referable to this species, even though these two species are not at
all allied, as noted above.

ELAPHOGLOSSUM LONGIFOLIUM (Jacquin) J. Smith. Albemarle
Island: Villamil, 3150 feet, Stewart 775 p. p. (right-hand plant on
Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 91,809).

The specimen at hand consists of a part of a rhizome and parts
of two sterile fronds lacking apices. The rhizome is coarse and

DECEMBER, 1957] | FERNS OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 193

thick (over 8 mm. in diameter excluding scales), short-creeping,
and densely brown-scaly. The stipes are short and thick, and the
blades large, thick, and essentially scaleless. The exact limits of
E. longifolium, which has been variously interpreted, are uncer-
tain. The type came from Martinique. The original description
and comments seem to agree well with Duss 4121, from Marti-
nique (U. S. Nat. Herb. 524,035) from which I cannot distinguish
the Galapagos plant cited above.

POLYPODIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM var. AMPHISTEMON (Kunze) Hier-
on. Indefatigable Island: Mount Crocker, May 9, 1932, Howell
o232.

This variety with broad fronds has not previously been re-
ported from the islands. Its real status remains to be determined.

Polypodium bombycinum Maxon? var. insularum Morton, var. nov. Seg-
menta comparate pauca, saepe 20-30, inferiora triangularia paucissima
(1-3-juga); stipitis paleae saepe bicolores basi nigricantes.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2,204,810, col-
lected in the forest belt at Fortuna, Indefatigable Island, Gala-
pagos Islands, May 8, 1932, by J. T. Howell (9194). Other collec-
tions are: ALBEMARLE ISLAND: Villamil, common on trunks and
branches of trees, 500-600 feet altitude, Stewart 952 (US). Dun-
CAN IsLAND: occasional on bushes and small trees at 1200 feet al-
titude, Stewart 954 (US). INDEFATIGABLE IsLAND: Academy Bay,
on trees, 375-450 feet altitude, Stewart 956 (US). JAMEs IsLAND:
James Bay, on trees at 1300 feet altitude, Stewart 955 (US).

The plant of the Galapagos Islands has usually passed as Poly-
podium lepidopteris (Langsd. & Fisch.) Kunze, but Mr. Weather-
by in his paper on this species® showed that the true P. lepidop-
teris is restricted to Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, and that the
plants of northwestern South America are referable to the re-
lated species P. balaonense Hieron. and P. bombycinum Maxon.
In a footnote Mr. Weatherby wrote, “The plant of the Gala-
pagos may prove varietally separable from P. bombycinum,” and
a note by him, dated 1948, in the U. S. National Herbarium (at-
tached to the specimen Stewart 952) reads, ““This Galapagos
plant I once called Polypodium bombycinum var. oligomeris,
but I have never felt sure enough of my ground to publish the
name.” I do feel that the Galapagos plant is varietally separable,
at least, but in the circumstances it scarcely seems justifiable to

7 Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 592 (1916).

8 Weatherby, C. A. Polypodium lepidopteris and its relatives in Brazil. Contr. Gray
Herb. 165: 76-82 (1947).

194 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 8

take up the varietal name that Mr. Weatherby suggested but
was never willing to publish himself, and consequently I have
proposed the new epithet zmsularum.

Typical P. bombycinum, when fully mature and well devel-
oped, has many pairs of segments (40 or more) and many pairs
(5 or more) of reduced triangular lower segments. The scales
of the stipe are uniformly bright brown and not bicolorous at
base.

Thelypteris columbiana (C. Chr.) Morton, comb. nov. Dryop-
teris columbiana C. Chr. Vid. Selsk. Skr. VII. 4:279 (1907).

This new combination is necessitated by the segregation of
Thelypteris from Dryopteris, as noted above under Ctenitis. The
other Galapagos species referable to Thelypteris are to be known
as T. gongylodes (Schkuhr) Small, T. dentata (Forsk.) E. P. St.
John, T. patens (Swartz) Small, T. Poiteana (Bory) Proctor, and
the following:

Thelypteris tetragona (Swartz) Small subsp. aberrans Morton, subsp. nov.
Rhizoma repens, circa 7 mm. diametro, sparse paleaceum; folia numerosa,
subfasciculata; stipes erectus ex basi curvata, quam lamina longior, circa
50 cm. longus, basi circa 3 mm. diametro, profunde sulcatus, stramineus,
basi dense paleaceus, paleis anguste lanceolatis, 3-6 mm. longis, 0.5-1 mm.
latis, longe attenuatis, integris, pallide, brunneis, externe pilis minutis stel-
latis sessilibus vestitis, intus glabris, supra basin fere epaleaceus, pilis minu-
tis stellatis stipitatis (2)3-6-radiatis, pallidis subdense instructus; lamina
pinnata, ambitu subdeltoidea, usque ad 35 cm. longa et 30 cm. basi lata,
rhache pilosa, pilis albidis patentibus circa 1 mm. longis simplicibus et
unicellularibus subrigidis, vel apicem versus unifurcatis; pinnae herbaceae,
5-jugae cum impari, subhorizontaliter patentes sessiles lineari-lanceolatae,
usque ad 17 cm. longae et 3.2 cm. latae, basi truncata vix angustatae, apice
acuminatae, ad costam 4-14 pinnatifidae, apice integrae, costa venis super-
ficiebusque subtus villosulis, pilis simplicibus, 0.3-0.5 mm. longis, unicellu-
laribus, subrigidis, patentibus, costa supra antrorse strigosa, costulis supra
pilis setiformibus paucis instructis, superficie glabra; segmenta lata, 8-9 mm.
longa, basi 5-6 mm. lata, obtusa, paulo falcata integra ciliata; venae 8-11-
jugae, 1- vel 2-jugae basales anastomosantes, infirma meniscoidea, secunda
ad sinum excurrens, interdum jugae tertiae et aliquando quaternae ad
sinum conniventes, venis alteris liberis, margine attingentibus; sori paulo
inframediales, parvi; indusium nullum; sporangia setosa, seta rigida unica
dorsali decidua; annulus ex circa 14 cellulis induratis compositus.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2,204,811, col-
lected in forest belt at Fortuna, Indefatigable Island, Galapagos
Islands, May 8, 1932, by J. T. Howell (9180). Another collection,
referable here but not altogether identical, is Howell 9182 from
the same locality. A sterile specimen is Stewart 885, from Acad-

Plate 3a. Southeast from the summit of Mt. Crocker. Fog fringes of a persistent
cloud cap drift over fern-covered craters.

ss np & . . = 7 .
Plate 3b. “Camp 2” among the ferns in the crater just below the summit of

Mt. Crocker.

‘ZIJN SLD] NS
“ul vispunjyiy aie saydydida snonoidsuos ay) ‘[jamoy
MWOSUAAg “IRA DIVINIUNPpad DvISa]VIG IK SII IYT, ‘1924
OGL INoqe UONRAI|y “uosvas AUTeI ayI JO IYSIay ay
“‘purjs] a[qeonejapuy ‘eunjIog ev Jaq IaIOq “GF 1°

i

‘yJaq UID} 9YI MOTaq AayIOAy “1yYy JO sadoyjs
ay uo JayoIyI Surprasad-y[e ‘uaaa ‘asuap kB suo, xneTU
“SOD VUDIUOSUIGOY YIUWOIITTY 199} YNGLT WMoqe uoNraaya
QJ9q viUoJIY ay) Ul Sutteap ve ur ,., duey,, ‘ef aed

DECEMBER, 1957] | ATRIPLEX OF THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS 195

emy Bay, Indefatigable Island, distributed as Dryopteris pseudo-
tetragona Urban and so listed by Stewart.

Typical T. tetragona from Jamaica and elsewhere is essen-
tially glabrous beneath on the leaf surfaces between the veins.
The numerous short stiff hairs on the lower surfaces are charac-
teristic of subsp. aberrans. Very likely plants of this type are not
restricted to Indefatigable Island.

THE ATRIPLEX OF THE GALAPAGOS
ISLANDS

BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

The Atriplex of the Galapagos Islands has long presented a
problem as to its identity. It was first collected by Snodgrass
and Heller on the Hopkins-Stanford Galapagos Expedition,
1898-1899, but, since the specimens were only in flower or young
fruit, the material was left undetermined by B. L. Robinson
who indicated two unnamed species in his Flora of the Gala-
pagos Islands (Proc. Amer. Acad. 38: 134,—1902). Stewart on the
expedition of the California Academy of Sciences in 1905 and
1906 also collected the Atriplex but his collection added nothing
to our knowledge of the plant or its identity since the specimens
were neither in flower nor fruit. No further collections were
made until 1932 when I collected flowering and fruiting speci-
mens on the Templeton Crocker Expedition of the California
Academy of Sciences. Even with adequate material for deter-
mination, the plant still remained difficult and puzzling and
several attempts to identify it with species on the mainland of
South America failed.

During the summer of 1935, both in Europe and in the larger
herbaria of the eastern United States, I examined South Ameri-
can collections of Atriplex in hope of finding a clue to relation-
ship. In Europe no specimen was seen that suggested a solution
of the problem but in America a collection made by Weberbauer
in Peru (No. 5735, F, G, US) and determined as A. peruviana
Mog. seemed to represent a mainland plant related to the one on
the islands. Paul C. Standley kindly sent to the California Acad-
emy of Sciences a liberal fragment from the Weberbauer collec-
tion in the Chicago Museum as well as a photograph of the type

196 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 8

of A. peruviana which further confirmed the relationship of the
Galapagos saltbush.

In spite of the obvious relationship, the fruiting bracts of the
Galapagos plant did not match sufficiently closely the bracts of
Weberbauer’s plant, while they did seem to correspond more
closely to details given in the original description (DC. Prodro-
mus 13, pt. 2: 102,—1849). In order to determine which sort of
fruiting bract more nearly corresponded to the fruiting bracts
of the type, material was sent to Prof. Hochreutiner at the Con-
servatoire et Jardin Botaniques in Geneva for comparison with
the type which is in herb. DeCandolle. Prof. Hochreutiner in
turn sent drawings of fruiting bracts of the type and loaned me
two bracts for examination in San Francisco. From all this, it
seems clear that the Galapagos plant is nearer typical A. peru-
viana than is Weberbauer’s No. 5735 but that both variants may
be referred to that species. That the exact interpretation of A.
peruviana still remains a problem on the mainland is inferred by
Standley in his remarks on the species in Macbride’s Flora of
Peru (Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser., 13, part II:477,—1937).

A comparison of the fruiting bracts of the type with those of
the insular material shows some divergence in variation. The
fruiting bracts of the type are characterized by a peculiar swol-
len bony substipitate base below the expanded quadrilateral
herbaceous part. The sides are smooth or more or less crested
and the free margins which extend down to the acute lateral
angles are entire or bear one or two teeth. In the island plants
the sides of the bracts vary from smooth to very strongly crested;
and, although nearly always the shape of the herbaceous part is
more generally triangular, bracts are not uncommon which
have the prominent lateral angles and quadrilateral rhomboidal
shape found in the type. .

As might be expected, there is some variation in the specimens
from the different islands of the archipelago, not only in fruit-
ing bracts but also in foliage. When further collections of plants
can be assembled, not only from the different islands but also
from the mainland, it may be found that more than one specific
or subspecific entity is involved; but for the present, especially
when we recall the great variability characteristic of many spe-
cies of Atriplex, I believe that the Galapagos saltbush should be
called A. peruviana Mogq. Moreover this view, that the same salt-
bush occurs on both the islands and the mainland, adds another

DECEMBER, 1957] BIOGRAPHICAL ADDITIONS 197

example supporting the conclusion reached by Svenson (Amer.
Journ. Bot. 33: 496,—1946), that the flora of the Galapagos
Islands is very closely related to and largely derived from the
xerophytic flora of coastal Peru and Ecuador.

On the Galapagos Islands I saw A. peruviana only near the
shore along the landward border of calcareous beaches and it
was noted as abundant at two stations where I collected it. In
the original description the species is indicated as an annual
with herbaceous stems, but a study of the photograph of the
type shows material that would scarcely warrant such a conclu-
sion. In the Galapagos Islands the plant is generally a low loosely
branched soft-woody shrub up to a meter in height, but in the
company of taller supporting plants it may become twice as
tall. A description of the Galapagos saltbush, together with a list

of collections studied, follows:

Shrub 1-2 m. tall; stems woody below, angled and covered with a thin close
scurf above; leaves pale with a close or loose scurf, entire or undulate, ovate-
lanceolate to rhombic-ovate, widest below the middle, rounded-cuneate or
even truncate at base, acute or obtuse, frequently mucronulate at apex,
0.5-3 cm. long, 0.2-2 cm. wide, reticulately few-veined on lower side, the
veins more or less paired or alternate, 1-3 on each half, petiole 0.2-1 cm.
long; plants monoecious but tending to be dioecious, the staminate flowers
in terminal or axillary panicles, the pistillate flowers axillary or disposed in
glomerules in the lower part of the staminate inflorescence; calyx of stami-
nate flowers densely scurfy except on scarious magins of lobes; fruiting bracts
united to middle, generally 4-6 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, the sides promi-
nently corky-crested or rarely quite smooth, widest at about the middle or
below, rhombic, the free part generally entire or with a pair of salient teeth
near the middle.

‘ INSULAR COLLECTIONS EXAMINED: Indefatigable Island, Chapin 1135, north
side, Snodgrass & Heller 676, Stewart 1346, Howell 9878; North Seymour
Island, Snodgrass & Heller 571, Howell 9977; Wenman Island, Snodgrass &
Heller 9.

BIOGRAPHICAL ADDITIONS AND
CORRECTIONS

BY ELLA DALES CANTELOW AND HERBERT CLAIR CANTELOW

Since the publication of our “Biographical notes on persons in
whose honor Alice Eastwood named native plants’ (Leafl. West.
Bot. 8:83-101), several corrections and additional details have
come to our attention. We are. grateful for the interest of Dr.
H. W. Rickett, Bibliographer at the New York Botanical Gar-

198 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VIII, NO. 8

den, who has corresponded with us about several of these mat-
ters.

Havey, Dr. Georce. All publications except one give his
birth date as 28 Nov. 1870, instead of 27 Nov., as given by us
(p. 91).

HENDERSON, Louis FORNIQUET. According to the “Register
Guard” (Eugene, Oregon), he died in Tacoma, Wash., 14 June
1942.

Macoun, Joun. The place of his birth in Ireland was Maralin,
not Marlin (p. 95).

Purpy, Cart. According to his son, Elmer, his full name was
Carlton Elmer Purdy. Charlton (p. 97) was an error copied from
a Ukiah newspaper.

Trask, Mrs. BLANCHE. According to her daughter, Caroline
Trask, her maiden name was Engle, not Engles, and she was
born in Waterloo, Iowa, not in Austin, Minn. (p. 100).

THE GRASSES OF SAN FRANCISCO,
CALIFORNIA

BY PETER H. RAVEN
University of California, Los Angeles

In connection with a forthcoming work on the flora of San
Francisco by J. T. Howell, Peter Rubtzoff, and the writer, a
study of the Grass Family disclosed several interesting facts with
regard to the number of species and to the composition of the
grass flora of this rather limited area, most of which is under
heavy industrial and residential use. In the 45 square miles in
the City and County of San Francisco, 135 species of grasses
have been found, a figure which compares impressively with the
151 species found in the 529 square miles of Marin County just
to the north across the Golden Gate (Howell, Marin Flora, 1949).
In addition, 12 named varieties and forms have been found in
San Francisco, 10 in Marin County. These statistics would be
startling, when we keep in mind the larger size and greater eco-
logical diversity of Marin County, if it were not for a significant
difference in the composition of the respective grass floras. Of
the 135 species of the Grass Family in San Francisco, 85 have
been introduced by man, either by accident or on purpose,

DECEMBER, 1957] GRASSES OF SAN FRANCISCO 199

whereas only 65 introduced species were found in Marin County.

A remark made by Howell about Marin County introductions
applies equally to those of San Francisco: “Some of these aliens
are among the rarest and most localized of the . . . grasses, but
a considerable number are very widespread and commonly con-
stitute the dominant elements in much of the grassland of the
region” (Leafl. West. Bot. 4: 244,—1946). For example, Eremo-
chloa ciliaris (L.) Merr. is known in the United States only as a
waif near a Chinese warehouse, where it was collected by H. N.
Bolander in the early days of the city. On the other hand, there
is hardly a patch of ground which does not provide a suitable
habitat for such species as Poa annua L., Bromus rigidus L., and
B. mollis L.

The 50 native species, in marked contrast to such successful
aliens, are mostly uncommon or restricted in area at the present
time. One of them, Elymus vancouverensis Vasey, seems to reach
a southern distributional limit in San Francisco, and four others,
which have not been collected in recent years, apparently did
also: Agrostis pallens Trin., Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv.
subsp. caespitosa, Glyceria leptostachya Buckl., and Phleum com-
mutatum Gaud. In addition to these native species, there have
been no recent collections of any species of Bromus sect. Bro-
mopsis, Phragmites communis Trin., Spartina foliosa Trin., or
Torreyochloa pauciflora (Pres!) Church. The majority of these
were found in marshes and clayey flats, perhaps mostly in the
valuable industrial land of the Mission district, and would not
be expected at the present day. Agrostis pallens and Phleum
commutatum, however, are members of coastal communities of
dunes and bluffs, and may persist to the present day. Many na-
tive species are now restricted to single stations, so it is perhaps
not unreasonable to postulate a similar condition for these two,
in which case they might have been overlooked in our survey.
At least one member of the native grass flora, Festuca megalura
Nutt., has exhibited marked weedy tendencies, and hence has
probably increased with the urban development, but most others
have decreased greatly.

Some of the adventive species, too, have not been collected
in recent years. This is probably due to the early collection of
sporadic introductions which never did become well established,
but may also be due in part to the general reduction of land
area available to non-cultivated plant species. Others have ap-

200 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 8

parently increased greatly since they were first noted by various
authors of the late nineteenth century, such as Katharine Bran-
degee, H. N. Bolander, and H. H. Behr. This clearly indicates
the value of collection and observation of the waifs and garden
fugitives of today, for they may well become the competitive
weeds of tomorrow.

The limited and heavily urbanized area of San Francisco
has yielded many interesting facts, not only about its grasses but
also about its other plants. We have felt that it is urgent that we
assemble and record what information we can about its frag-
mentary flora, for even present fragments are rapidly being re-
duced. Even as this is being written, power equipment is biting
deep into the lower slopes of the Bayview Hills (having probably
already destroyed the only known San Francisco station for
Stipa cernua Stebbins & Love), and it appears but a matter of
time until the scenic chert-crowned summit of those hills will
be degraded to furnish fill for tidal shallows of the bay.

HELEOCHLOA ALOPECUROIDES IN WASHINGTON. A recent collec-
tion from the margin of the Columbia River at Sacajawea State
Park (just below the confluence of the Snake River), Franklin
Co., Washington, September 2, 1956 (Raven 10349), has proven
to be Heleochloa alopecuroides (Pill. & Mitterp.) Host. In Hitch-
cock’s Manual of the Grasses of the United States (second edi-
tion, 1950, p. 433), where the distinctive characters of this Euro-
pean species are pointed out, it is listed from two localities,
namely, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and near Portland, Oregon.
Presumably the basis for the latter citation is a collection, of
which a duplicate is in the herbarium of the California Academy
of Sciences, labeled “Near a pond on bottom-land at Lower
Albina, Portland, Multnomah County, Oregon, 1. Sept., 2. Nov.
1911,” Suksdorf 1672 (determined by A. S. Hitchcock). Although
the species is not mentioned in Peck’s Manual of the Higher
Plants of Oregon (1941), it seems likely that it will be found else-
where on the bottom-lands of the Northwest, just as H. schoen-
oides (L.) Host has spread in similar situations in California.—
PETER H. RAVEN.

=

if

4

¢ ?
< it tae ai) a

ee,

ae ar all NEW

Vol. VIII No. 9

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS

A Tentative Key to the South American Species of
Peer EAN Cia NLM E 9, 1) ahi) SU ehh sg! cage a)’ Bp ieh Mat we ON

Tuomas H. KEARNEY

Notable Plants of the Warm Springs Indian
POCRERVAEIOT MOT GAOM Ya) ds te ss Mel igl lehy acer Soh a MRE

ROBERT ORNDUFF AND DAvip H. FRENCH

A Reappraisal of Carex flaccifolia . . ..... . 220
Joun THomMAs HowELL

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
FEBRUARY 5, 1958

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

A publication devoted particularly to the native and naturalized
plants of western North America and to the cultivated plants
of California, appearing about four times each year. Subscrip-
tion, $2.00 annually. Cost of back files or single numbers fur-
nished on request. Address: John Thomas Howell, California

Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18.

Cited as

LEAFL. WEsT. Bot.

Owned and published by

Joun THOMAS HOWELL

FEBRUARY, 1958] SOUTH AMERICAN ABUTILON 201

A TENTATIVE KEY TO THE
SOUTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF ABUTILON,
MILLER

BY THOMAS H. KEARNEY (7)

The characterizations in this key are based, whenever possible,
upon examination of herbarium specimens and (or) photo-
graphs of types, but, for many of the species, published descrip-
tions were the only available source of information. In such
cases, especially, the characterizations are subject to correction.
Juxtaposition of species in this purely artificial key does not ne-
cessarily imply close relationship. ‘The segregate genera Bak-
ertdesia Hochr., Bogenhardia Reichenb. (Gayoides Small) and
Corynabutilon (K. Schum.) Kearney are not included. This is,
perhaps, the most difficult of the genera of Malvaceae, an “‘um-
fangreiche und schwierige Gattung,” as Garcke characterized it
in a paper (Bot. Jahrb. 15:480—491) devoted mainly to a criticism
of Schumann’s treatment of the genus in Flora Brasiliensis (12°:
364-437). Note 1.

1. Calyx inflated (more or less utricular), the lobes not (seldom?) more
(often much less) than 14 as long as the tube. Leaves truncate or
cordate at base; flowers solitary, on long, very slender peduncles;
petals (20) 30-40 mm. long, narrow; androecium more or less exserted;
carpels 5 or 6, pluriovulate. Note 2. (2).

1. Calyx otherwise, if somewhat inflated (in A. thyrsodendron), then deeply
cleft (3).

2. Leaves rarely slightly 3-lobed, elongate-deltoid or ovate-oblong, rather
finely serrate or dentate; petals pale yellow; mature fruit unknown.
Calyx commonly red or brown. Southern Brazil....................
epasretiay Lepeler siete oto <5) sie A. megapotamicum (Spreng.) St. Hil. & Naud.

2. Leaves distinctly 3-5-lobed, broadly ovate, irregularly and coarsely ser-
rate; petals drying pink; carpels muticous, villous, about 15 mm. long.
Southern) Brazily.oc,4..0. sant A. inflatum Garcke & K. Schum. Note 3

3. Flowers relatively large, the petals 25 mm. or longer (4).

3. Flowers smaller, the petals less than 25 mm. long (45).

4. Leaves peltate. Plants shrubby or arborescent; calyx cleft about 24, the
lobes deltoid-lanceolate, acuminate; petals about 35 mm. long; car-
pels 8, 34-46 as long as the calyx, pluriovulate, hirsute, muticous or
slightly apiculate (5).

(+) This is the second paper dealing with the taxonomy of Malvaceae to be published
with aid from the T. H. Kearney Memorial Fund of the California Academy of Sciences.
ei La wit on American Hibiscus and was published in this journal last year

: 161-168).—J. T. H.

Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol VIII, pp. 201-224, February 5, 1958.

202 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 9

4. Leaves not peltate but sometimes appearing so when deeply cordate and
with overlapping basal lobes (6).

5. Blades not lobed, rounded at base, the margins subentire; petals pale
yellow. Brazil (Minas Geraés)................ A. peltatum K. Schum.

5. Blades distinctly 3-lobed, cordate at base, the margins conspicuously
dentate; petal color not described. Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)...........
Liao SOMBRE NR sees Hee ene Ree ot alan A. fluviatile (Vell.) K. Schum.

6. Leaves conspicuously and often deeply lobed above the base. Carpels
pluriovulate (7).

6. Leaves (except sometimes in A. Bedfordianum, A. insigne, and A. Sel-
lowianum) not conspicuously although sometimes very shallowly
lobed (13).

7. Petals white, strongly veined, 25-35 mm. long, suborbicular, abruptly
long-clawed. Flowers subcorymbosely clustered at ends of the stems
and branches; androecium nearly equalling the petals; carpels about
10, muticous or nearly so, 12-16 mm. long. Argentina..............
AST hee a Cy iia ee ceaers Choc a rN A. niveum Griseb.

7. Petals not white (8).

8. Calyx cleft nearly to the base, the lobes lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate.
Petals yellow or red, conspicuously veined (9).

8. Calyx less deeply cleft or the lobes broader (10).

9. Herbage glabrous or nearly so; leaves cleft nearly to the base, the lobes
narrow; petals 35-55 mm. long; carpels about 13 in number, 17-18
mm. long, not more than 14 as long as the calyx, rounded and muti-
cous at apex. Southern Brazil, cultivated elsewhere in South America.
Sif Tele aM ery pa este ints ARTS iain eye win ieialeists ta A, venosum Lem. Note 4

9. Herbage more or less tomentose when young; leaves less deeply cleft and
the lobes broader; petals 22-25 (40?) mm. long; carpels 8, the mature
fruit unknown. Southern Brazil............... A. Darwinii Hook. f.

10. Stems and leaves glabrous or glabrescent. Flowers axillary, long-pendun-
culate, more or less nutant; petals 25-40 mm. long, deep yellow with
conspicuous reddish veins; androecium often conspicuously exserted;
carpels about 11, 7-9-ovulate. Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Uruguay,
Argentina; North America, where probably only an escape from
coltivation, . niches ea ee kee onthe tere A, striatum Dicks. Note 5

10. Stems and leaves more or less tomentose, at least when young (11).

11. Carpels 10, with 9-11 ovules; petals 45-55 mm. long, red. Leaves dis-
colorous, whitish-velutinous beneath; androecium exserted; mature
fruit unknown. Brazil (Santa Catarima)..............++eeeeeeeeeees
PR rg Rn Sta tur meer A. Muelleri-Friderici Giirke & Schum. Note 6

11. Carpels more numerous, with 4-6 ovules; petals 35-45 mm. long (12).

12. Plants up to 1 m. high; peduncles up to 8 cm. long; calyx coarsely papil-
late, strongly nerved; petals orange-yellow; carpels about 14 as long
as the calyx. Brazil (Minas Geraés, SAo Paulo).......... hss Saplahoist setae
wa Sa bes oS ew wal psa Sani aa ra erp he A. Regnellii Mig. Note 7

12. Plants up to 4 m. high; peduncles up to 15 cm. long; calyx not papillate,
obscurely nerved; petals violet (?); carpels about 34 as long as the
calyx. Brazil (Minas Geraés)........... A. pedrae-brancae K. Schum.

FEBRUARY, 1958] | SOUTH AMERICAN ABUTILON 203

13. Leaves distinctly to conspicuously asymmetric (oblique at base), 14-94 as
wide as long. Carpels plurioculate (14).

13. Leaves (so far as is known except sometimes in A. geminiflorum, A.
Mouraei, A. Schenckii, and perhaps, A. insigne) symmetric or nearly
so (18).

14. Corolla 25-30 mm. long (15).

14. Corolla 35-40 mm. long (17).

15. Petals becoming reflexed; leaves subsessile, with the deeply cordate base
amplexicaul, discolorous. Flowers solitary, nodding, the peduncles
long and slender; calyx campanulate, cleft about 14 way, the lobes
lanceolate; petals pink, oblanceolate; carpels about 16, pluriovu-
late(?); mature fruit unknown. Peru........ A. piurense Ulbr. Note 8

15. Petals not becoming reflexed; leaves distinctly petiolate (16).

16. Flowers in several-flowered axillary racemes; leaves cordate at base;
petals probably yellow, with red veins. Southern Brazil..............
“SGI Ra OS NCR NCIC RRR CREE A. appendiculatum K. Schum. Note 9

16. Flowers solitary or geminate in the axils; leaves obliquely subcordate at
base, crenate or serrulate; petals yellow or yellowish, drying pink.
Carpels numerous, rounded at apex, muticous, somewhat inflated.
colombia, Venevileld..2. 3.0. .v.cces sss « A. Woronovii Ulbr. Note 10

17. Leaves truncate or subcordate at base; calyx 5-ribbed and somewhat
winged at base; petals white. Southern Brazil..A. inaequale K. Schum.

17. Leaves cordate at base, sharply attenuate-acuminate; calyx 10-nerved;
petals presumably purple. Peduncles very slender; fruit truncate, the
carpels about 10, slightly apiculate. Brazil..... A. Glaziovii K. Schum.

18. Petals becoming more or less reflexed. Carpels pauciovulate (19).

18. Petals (so far as is known) not becoming reflexed (23).

19. Inflorescence a terminal raceme. Peduncles subtended by long, tricuspi-
date bracts; calyx not at all angulate, rounded at base; petals 26-28
mm. long, 14 as wide, ochroleucous with a purple basal spot; androe-
cium about equalling the petals, the stamens in 5 fascicles; ovary
constricted at the middle; carpels about 13, described as uniovulate;
mature fruit unknowns Colomibiac. 355526 i. See ae eis les so ad ei elace nies
Riga cle ralte Get lean dewe At A. oxypetalum Planch. & Lind. Note 11

19. Inflorescence otherwise. Carpels with 2 or 3 ovules (20).

20. Corolla brick-red, 35-40 mm. long. Leaves coarsely crenate-dentate, sub-
orbicular, deeply cordate, abruptly short-acuminate, nearly concolor-
ous except when young; flowers long-pedunculate, subnutant; petals
about 14 as wide as long; carpels very numerous, thin, conspicuously
cuspidate, less than 14 as long as the calyx, separating at maturity.
Bele ahs ae SB eal eto te late Rel A. lateritium Ulbr.

20. Corolla yellow or purple (21).

21. Peduncles shorter than to little-surpassing the subtending leaves; stamen-
tube densely white-lanate at base; petals about 30 mm. long, obovate,
pale yellow when dry. Leaves short-petiolate; carpels numerous, about
Yy as long as the calyx, obliquely acute, tomentose. Ecuador.........
PA haven Met Stepan a acter ON a trke: rotted Mara tflated eboPo eters! ats A. pubistamineum Ulbr.

204 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 9

21. Peduncles mostly greatly surpassing the subtending leaves; stamen-tube
glabrous; petals narrowly spatulate, not more than ¥{ as wide as long,
purple. Carpels villous (22).

22. Stems with long, slender, spreading or reflexed, presumably simple hairs;
peduncles up to 20 cm. long, filiform; carpels about 20, aristate.
Colombia (?) and Ecuador or Peru............ A. pedunculare H.B.K.

22. Stems otherwise pubescent, the hairs usually all short and mostly stellate;
peduncles up to 12 cm. long, slender but not filiform; carpels 12-14,
with a short, oblique beak. Petals about 35 mm. long. Peru..........
5D OGONO ES WOO S > Odpo aN ado Ud Be hond me A. reflexum (Juss. ex Cav.) Sweet

23. Calyx tubular or tubular-campanulate, cleft not more than about 44-way
from the apex. Leaves attenuate-acuminate (24).

23. Calyx campanulate, usually more deeply cleft (25).

24. Leaves lanceolate, about 14 as wide as long, denticulate to subentire,
cuneate or truncate at base; carpels pluriovulate; petals, when dry,
purple with darker veins, 30-40 mm. long. Androecium as long as or
longer than the petals; carpels 9, muticous, about 17 mm. long. Brazil
(Minas \ Gerdes) iain a-.c ate valet ceiet ae ierton foie A. longifolium K. Schum.

. Leaves ovate or deltoid-ovate, 4 to nearly as wide as long, crenate or
crenate-serrate, cordate at base; carpels pauciovulate; petals white,
with red or purple veins, 40-50 mm. long. Plants shrubby, up to 1 m.
high; herbage ferruginous-pubescent; leaves (the lower ones) 3-lobed;
flowers pendulous; mature fruit unknown. Venezuela...............
sais) Fieve aptiol 4? systeksse1 o> apepesce ain ancusrstslcle clays favets) ones eo petete A. insigne Planch.

25. Width of the leaf-blades (except sometimes in A. elegans, A. Schenchii,
and 4. sylvaticum) not more and commonly less than % of the
length (26).

25. Width of the leaf-blades (except sometimes in A. peruvianum?) seldom
less and usually more than 44 of the length (33).

26. Petals yellow or whitish. Leaves attenuate-acuminate; flowers 1-3 in the
axils (27).

26. Petals (in A. amoenum?, A. elegans?) pink, red, purple, or purple-veined.
Carpels pluriovulate (29).

27. Leaf-bases distinctly cordate. Plants shrubby, up to 3 m. high; petals 35
(-40?) mm. long, more than 24 as wide; carpels 9-16, pluriovulate,
somewhat inflated, muticous or nearly so, about 15 mm. long, tomen-
tose dorsally. Peru, Bolivia....A. sylvaticum (Cav.) K. Schum. Note 12

27. Leaf-bases truncate, rounded or subcordate (28).

28. Corolla ochroleucous, 25-30 mm. long; leaf-margins serrate; petioles 44—
1% as long as the blades; carpels pluriovulate, about 13 in number,
obtuse. Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)........ A. Schenchii K. Schum. Note 13

28. Corolla orange-yellow, 30-35 mm. long; leaf-margins entire; petioles not
more than 4 as long as the blade; carpels pauciovulate. Leaves
narrowly ovate or subrhombic, less than 14 as wide as long, long-
attenuate-acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base; peduncles up to
4 cm. long; androecium about 14 as long as the petals; mature fruit
unknown: Colombia}. 4.0. sis 24.285 A. Goudotianum Tr. & Planch.

2¢

—

FEBRUARY, 1958] | SOUTH AMERICAN ABUTILON 205

29. Leaves seldom more than % (usually 44-14) as wide as long, elliptic or
elliptic-lanceolate. Pubescence usually ferruginous, especially on the
leaf-nerves; carpels about 15, rounded at apex, muticous, 10-12 mm.
long, shorter than the calyx. Brazil...... A. rufinerve St. Hil. Note 14

29. Leaves 14-24 or more as wide as long (30).

30. Calyx 20-25 mm. long (31).

30. Calyx 30-35 mm. long (32).

31. Petals dull pink, the short claws pale yellow; carpels about 13 mm. long,
about 14 as long as the calyx, muticous. Leaves sometimes distinctly
3-lobed, somewhat discolorous. Southern Brazil....................
Matias testa saya ek ayia atiolt wtareie A. Sellowianum (Klotzsch) Regel. Note 15

. Petals purple; carpels 20-22 mm. long, about equalling the calyx, obtuse.
Leaves more or less abruptly narrowed from the middle. Brazil (Minas
GELAES) Bape poicre ies cies tle seshoucPennisics-riys «loi ciaqaraker yan ene) © A. montanum St. Hil.

32. Carpels 12; petals broadly obovate. Southern Brazil...................
ion obo Oot Coad holt os OOD DES ORO Eo Da oh EOS Socr A. amoenum K. Schum.

32. Carpels 8; petals elliptic. Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Minas Geraés)........
Seeder hope ieteeie Main avs ate) minth a's teuahcraele Taras alee oa A. elegans St. Hil.

33. Leaf-margins entire. Plants shrubby or arborescent; leaves suborbicular,
shallowly cordate with an open sinus, shortly acuminate; petals up to
45 mm. long, slightly 2-lobed, deep yellow; androecium about 4 as
long as the petals; carpels pauciovulate; mature fruit unknown.
Colombia, Venezuela........ A. integerrimum (Hook.) Turcz. Note 16

33. Leaf-margins crenulate, crenate, or serrate, sometimes obscurely so (34).

3

—

34. Flowers mostly in paniculate or subcorymbose terminal inflorescences
(35).

34. Flowers 1-3 in the axils (38).

35. Calyx externally rugose and densely woolly; petals dark- or violet-
purple, up to 50 mm. long; stipules small, subulate, caducous. Leaves
broadly ovate or suborbicular, deeply cordate, crenate or crenulate,
strongly discolorous; flowers mostly in small, subcorymbose, terminal
clusters; carpels muticous, 14 mm. long, about 14 as long as the calyx,
pluniovulate. Brazil. o.o.< 2 ve ao osc sa. sierese A. macranthum St. Hil. Note 17

35. Calyx otherwise; petals (in A. cyclonervosum?) yellow; stipules large,
more or less persistent (36).

36. Leaves nearly concolorous; petals about 45 mm. long, the color unknown.
Carpels 14-16, pluriovulate; mature fruit unknown. Bolivia.........
Seana ae Oe oie pte te ete Ue eee ite tarts, Hee aX A. cyclonervosum Hochr.

36. Leaves more or less discolorous; petals not more than 40 mm. long.
Leaves sometimes shallowly 3-lobed; carpels muticous or nearly so,
very pubescent (37).

37. Calyx about 25 mm. long, cleft about % of its length; petals 30-40 mm.
long, conspicuously veined, contracted into a rather long claw; carpels
pauciovulate, 15-20 mm. long. Leaf-margins crenate-dentate; stipules
deltoid; androecium slightly longer than the petals. Bolivia.........
Snobs Wome ems cai tat SPA Bead ahpectataone ow Pivessviee ow dsele EBKET Rusby. Note <8

206 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO.g

37. Calyx about 18 mm. long; petals 25-30 mm. long, yellow, not (?) conspicu-
ously veined; carpels pluriovulate. Brazil (Matto Grosso)............
gsi 'y:= ple aivnale ipinial MOET a me aa pale ie Ries aie A. Malmeanum R. E. Fries

38. Petals blood-red, 30-35 mm. long, 144-14 as wide. Shrub about 3 m. high;
stems hirsute with long, simple, retrorse hairs and also tomentulose;
leaves up to 16 cm. long and 34 as wide as long, deeply cordate with a
closed sinus so as to appear peltate, acuminate, sparsely denticulate
to subentire, discolorous; peduncles slender, much surpassing the
subtending leaves, up to 18 cm. long; carpels about 20 mm. long,
about 34 as long as the calyx, obliquely truncate at apex, pauciovu-
Wate! PEPE os ccd ccs 4 een engras oe pinenee A. pionense Ulbr. Note 19

38. Petals (in A. Mouraei?) otherwise colored, at least 14 as wide as long (39).

39. Carpels 25 or more, l-ovulate or with an additional aborted ovule. Shrub
about | m. high; leaves up to 5.5 cm. long and nearly as wide as long,
finely serrulate, discolorous; stems more or less tomentose and with
long, simple hairs; corolla about 30 mm. long, bright yellow with a
dark-purple center; mature fruit unknown. Northeastern Brazil.....
sat cisue gmat day cease = ones aye Ole a nts Petes esta ae A. monospermum K., Schum.

39. Carpels (in A. longipes?) fewer, normally pluriovulate (40).

40. Corolla rose-pink. Lower leaves obscurely trilobate; mature fruit un-
known. Northern Argentina...............++++ A. jujuiense Hassler

40. Corolla (in A. Mouraei?) yellow or ochroleucous, sometimes conspicuously
red-veined (41).

41.Stipules narrow, seldom more than 1.5 mm. wide at base; carpels
8-14 (42).

41. Stipules broader, about 2.5 mm. wide at base, becoming reflexed; carpels
(in A. longipes?) 12 or more. Leaves usually discolorous; calyx usually
cleft to below the middle, the lobes lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate; petals (30?) 35-40 mm. long, pale yellow or whitish (44).

42. Stems with longish simple hairs, also tomentellous; leaves strongly dis-
colorous. Petals up to 40 mm. long, abruptly contracted into a rather
long claw, the color unknown; mature fruit unknown. Southern
PPAR Ei. 9 oes tie ca ne estes teh rbehaedactee es A. Mouraei K. Schum.

42.Stems glabrous or puberulent, without long hairs; leaves (except in
A. Bedfordianum var. discolor) nearly concolorous (43).

43. Petals 30-35 mm. long, 34-34 as wide as long, yellow with conspicuous
red or purple veins; carpels 8-10 in number, 12-15 mm. long, nearly
as long as the calyx. Southern Brazil............: 00sec creer eeeeeee
ath pdt Moca mot A. Bedfordianum (Hook.) St. Hil. & Naud. Note 20

43. Petals up to 50 mm. long, about 14 as wide as long, pale yellow (?);
carpels about 13, the mature fruit apparently unknown. Venezuela.
we. sham a sin 6 nl eonepa 5 en cance pba (ibaa A. geminiflorum H.B.K. Note 21

44, Peduncles shorter than the subtending leaves; blades crenate. Ecuador
(2), Peru, Bolivia. 23, 054555 A. peruvianum (Lam.) Kearney. Note 22

44. Peduncles longer than the subtending leaves, up to 16 cm. long; blades
denticulates Pere «56.06.45 c4:2 on oe Hiss oe = A. longipes Ulbr. Note 23

45. Petals 15 mm. or longer (46).

45. Petals not more, usually less than 15 mm. long (62).

FEBRUARY, 1958] SOUTH AMERICAN ABUTILON 207

46. Leaves conspicuously lobed. Flowers nutant, 1-3 in the axils; petals 22-25
mm. long, yellow outside, pink within and with purple veins and
basal spot; carpels 8, pluriovulate; mature fruit unknown. Southern
ESARAN Min aie winds wieresc dete cura e's ras Sienna tere tae els ee A. Darwinii Hook. f.

46. Leaves not lobed, or shallowly and inconspicuously trilobate (47).

47. Flowers in paniculate, corymbiform, or umbelliform inflorescences. Car-
pels pauciovulate (48).

47. Flowers mostly solitary or binate (exceptionally ternate) in the axils, but
the inflorescences sometimes subpaniculate or subcorymbose by the
development of accessory, axillary branchlets (52).

48. Ovules not in a vertical series, the 2 upper ones collateral and the lower
one solitary, as in Wissadula. Plants shrubby or arborescent, up to
10 m. high; stems terete; stipules broad, very caducous; leaves up to
11 cm. long, attenuate-acuminate; flowers in an ample, open panicle;
calyx angulate, tomentose, accrescent and becoming somewhat in-
flated; petals 15-18 mm. long and about 44 as wide; carpels 4-6,
shorter than the calyx, obovoid-trigonous, thin-walled, inflated. Bo-
livia and northwestern Argentina. ..A. thyrsodendron Griseb. Note 24

48. Ovules (so far as is known) all in one vertical series (49).

49. Corolla white tinged with purple, about 20 mm. long; style-branches
slightly enlarged toward apex, these and the capitate stigmas dark-
purple. Plants shrubby; leaves 24 to nearly as wide as long, deeply
cordate with a closed sinus, subcrenulate to coarsely serrate, moder-
ately discolorous; inflorescences corymbiform-paniculate; carpels 9
(-15?), rounded at apex, about 9 mm. long. Bolivia.................
“ry ed spec pain a Ree ea eg eS A. fusicalyx Ulbr. Note 25

49. Corolla yellow to deep orange, sometimes tinged with or fading pink;
styles and stigmas otherwise (50).

50. Inflorescences subtended by long, narrow, stipule-like bracts, subcapitate-
umbelliform. Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent; stems yellowish-
tomentellous and with long, very fine, simple hairs below the inflores-
cence; leaves strongly discolorous, long-petiolate, deltoid-ovate or
oblong-ovate, cordate, coarsely crenate-serrate, sometimes slightly
trilobate; petals 15-20 mm. long, yellow (?) when fresh, drying red or
pink; carpels about 10, trigonous, obtuse and muticous. Southern
Brazil, Uruguay, and northern Arpentina «: 02250000200. o se oe eee
PAIRS Gt. Steals A. malachroides St. Hil. & Naud. Note 26

50. Inflorescences not so subtended (51).

51. Carpels 13 or fewer; stems usually more or less hirsute with very long,
spreading, simple hairs in addition to other pubescence. Leaves com-
monly about as wide as long; flowers in relatively short, axillary and
terminal umbelliform clusters; carpels muticous or nearly so, con-
spicuously and densely hirsute. Southern Brazil, Paraguay, northern
AGPCRMMAI LES S2 coos laa ce dese A. umbellifiorum St. Hil. Note 27

51. Carpels about 20; stems not conspicuously hirsute, the simple hairs, if
any, much shorter. Petioles up to 12 cm. long; leaf-nerves 11-13;
petals 15-18 mm. long, not more than 4% as wide, yellow; calyx in
fruit 8-10 mm. long; carpels 9-12 mm. long, but the fruit much sur-

208 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 9

passing the somewhat explanate calyx. Colombia, Ecuador..........
Bates Nepesetetcuneepecesere © te) Pte Morcne fekehe-sieeteic lous Renate me eaters A. ibarrense H.B.K.

52. Fruit of numerous (commonly about 20) thin-walled carpels (53).

52. Fruit of 12 or fewer carpels (55).

53. Petals narrow, purple; carpels aristate, 14 as long as the calyx, without
(?) attaching threads, pluriovulate. Peduncles mostly greatly surpass-
ing the subtending leaves, up to 20 cm. long, very slender. Colombia
it), BGMAAGE (ey PCE ecient ca owe een Valea & A. pedunculare H.B.K.

53. Petals broad, orange- or tawny-yellow with a dark basal spot; carpels
muticous or apiculate, nearly as long as to longer than the calyx
with attaching threads, pauciovulate. Stems usually with long, spread-
ing, simple hairs in addition to other pubescence. Old World species,
introduced in South America (54).

54. Herbage more or less glandular; petals 15-20 mm. long. Venezuela, Peru,
and probably elsewhere in South America. ...........\s..sssrseemen

SOP Oe PACE AN A OPS OA Bc NOT A. hirtum (Lam.) Sweet. Note 28
54. Herbage not glandular; petals usually less than 15 mm. long. Leaves
often coarsely dentate. Colombia, Guiana, Peru, Brazil.............

SHI DIRS Hy o2 SaTa MUO DSS a cn aio AOE LonOO.20 A. indicum (L.) Sweet

55. Petals (so far as is known) pink, red, or purple, at least when dry (56).

55. Petals yellow. Leaves velutinous, broadly ovate or suborbicular (60).

56. Petioles relatively short, usually less than 5 cm. long. Leaves 14-34 as
wide as long; flowers axillary (often geminate) and in small terminal
clusters; androecium aboutt 24 as long as the corolla; carpels about
10, pluriovulate, 10-15 mm. long, short-beaked or muticous. Brazil.
FO ee nO Pea ee re re A. esculentum St. Hil. Note 29

56. Petioles elongate, 5-15 cm. long (57).

57. Leaf-bases truncate-subcuneate. Plants arborescent-shrubby, up to 6 m.
high; leaves 34 as wide as long; flowers 2-4 in the upper axils and in
subglobose, umbelliform, terminal clusters; androecium about 14 as
long as the dark-maroon petals; carpels 10-12, pluriovulate; mature

fruit unknown. Brazil (Minas Geraés)......... A. Mexiae R. E. Fries
57. Leaf-bases cordate (58).
58. Carpels 7, pauciovulate. Mature fruit unknown. Brazil...............++
Ra Gbsisra sieweiar neat Oe ae pee a) eaaeteie are oe ee See A. minarum K. Schum.

58. Carpels more numerous, pluriovulate (59).

59. Petioles mostly longer than the blades, these long-acuminate, sharply
dentate. Carpels 10-11 mm. long, apiculate or cuspidate. Colombia.
Sanh) © yadaye Meib enia'(asta she teva oce abt sere pte i fecai e eer A. petiolare H.B.K.

59. Petioles shorter than the blades, these shortly acuminate. Stems appar-
ently without long, simple hairs; leaves finely dentate, with very
numerous teeth; petals pink; carpels slightly to considerably longer
than the calyx. Brazil (Rio.de Janeiro). .............s.08eseke eee

60. Carpels pauciovulate; petals less than 15 mm. long. Otherwise similar to
A. molle. Eastern Peru........ A. mollissimum (Cav.) Sweet. Note 31

60. Carpels pluriovulate; petals 15-20 mm. long. Stems with long, spreading,
simple hairs in addition to other pubescence (61).

FEBRUARY, 1958] SOUTH AMERICAN ABUTILON 209

61. Leaves seldom strongly discolorous; flowers often geminate. Southern
Boraiaa WAR EME) t) 5.655 215 = cs:c 0! as a6 A. molle (Ortega) Sweet. Note 32

61. Leaves strongly discolorous; flowers always solitary. Plants suffruticose,
rarely shrubby; leaves mostly short-acuminate, often slightly 3-lobed.
Southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina...................
ado Op BOSD TOOO OO UU OGD ou ee BOUn Bak A. pauciflorum St. Hil. Note 33

62. Carpels 12 or more (63).

62. Carpels (except sometimes in A. abutiloides, A. giganteum, and per-
haps A. arequipense) 10 or fewer, pauciovulate (67).

63. Flowers in more or less umbelliform inflorescences. Leaves more or less
discolorous; carpels pauciovulate (64).

63. Flowers solitary in the axils but sometimes paniculately aggregated at
ends of the stem and branches (66).

64. Inflorescences corymbiform, more or less subtended by narrow, stipule-
like bracts; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, up to 9 cm. long, 14-
¥ as wide as long; corolla yellow. Carpels 12-15 in number, 6-7 mm.
long. Southern Brazil, Paraguay?, Uruguay?, Argentina.............
= io cite OS bane CEP Rene: Gaacee A. affine (Spreng.) G. Don. Note 34

64. Inflorescences not so subtended; leaves broader; corolla orange (65).

65. Stamen-tube stellate-hirsute; carpels nearly as long as the calyx. See
HESE PALAPTADI SE. ocr as se wide soe eriens es A. umbelliflorum St. Hil.

65. Stamen-tube glabrous; carpels considerably shorter than the calyx. Peti-
oles up to 6.5 cm. long; leaf-nerves 9; petals 11 mm. long, nearly as
wide, orange with darker veins; calyx 1.3-2 mm. long; Venezuela.
7a. So GO ONE BORO OUR OD OOO OP ING ODO Ga BIOrD A. cuspidatum Pittier

66. Calyx very accrescent and enclosing the fruit, 20-25 mm. long at ma-
turity, plicate-alate, cleft nearly to the base, the lobes suborbicular,
deeply cordate, abruptly short-acuminate. Herbage densely soft-
velutinous, with simple and stellate longish, spreading hairs; leaves
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, up to 8 cm. long, 144-% as wide, tapering
from near base to apex, rather coarsely crenate; flowers solitary in the
axils, the peduncles mostly shorter than the leaves; petals little if at
all surpassing the calyx; carpels very numerous, pluriovulate, thin,
10-15 mm. long, aristate, villous, nigrescent. Paraguay and northern
PNDRE MAGEE ASS He. siietehs sa aos ela dhatensts, site se A. Hassleranum Hochr. Note 35

66. Calyx otherwise. Plants perennial (?); petals pure white, 12-15 mm. long,
becoming reflexed; carpels pauciovulate, spreading at maturity, cus-
pidate; stems with rather long, spreading or reflexed, simple hairs;
leaves up to 10 cm. long, 34-44 as wide, deeply cordate, rather
abruptly acuminate, denticulate or subentire; androecium about 1%
as long as the petals. Ecuador............ A. multiflorum R. E. Fries

67. Petals becoming reflexed (68).

67. Petals (so far as is known) not becoming reflexed, mostly yellow or
yellowish, sometimes fading pink (70).

68. Petals suborbicular, violet; flowers axillary, solitary, long-pedunculate.
Leaves 2-4.5 cm. long, oblong or ovate-oblong, shallowly cordate,
crenulate, soft-tomentose on both surfaces; stems shortly stellulate-
pubescent (sublepidote); stamen-tube densely pilose below the fila-

210 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 9

ments; style-branches filiform, slightly thickened toward apex, these
and the small stigmas dark-violet; carpels 9-10, obtuse, 2-seeded.
Pers Joe pase Sy ee eat a ee eee eee A. arequipense Ulbr.

68. Petals narrower, yellow or whitish; flowers in an open, terminal, often
nearly naked panicle (69).

69. Carpels 8-14 (16?), more or less aristate (exceptionally muticous and
rounded or truncate at apex), 10-15 mm. long, villous; petals obovate-
oblong, 9-15 mm. long, about 14 (?) as wide as long, often with a
purple basal spot. Plants shrubby or arborescent; herbage velutinous,
the stems and (or) petioles also with long, spreading, simple hairs;
leaves broadly ovate or suborbicular, more or less cordate, sometimes
slightly lobed; flower-buds angulate-turbinate; corolla often with a
red or purple center. Venezuela to Peru; North America...........
haat Ghteh pie nls Boletos a ciate ewe ore A. giganteum (Jacq.) Sweet. Note 36

69. Carpels 7-9 (12?), truncate and muticous or very nearly so at apex, 7-8
mm. long; petals narrowly oblong, 7 mm. long, about 4 as wide.
Colenibia and Venemiela ecu 0 eaten sen ee es A. stenopetalum Garcke

70. Ovules not in a vertical series, the 2 upper ones collateral, the lower one
solitary, as in Wissadula (71).

70. Ovules (so far as is known) all in one vertical series (73).

71. Petals 6-9 mm. long; flowers very numerous, in a nearly leafless terminal
panicle. Plants shrubby (or herbaceous?); stems trigonous and deeply
sulcate above; leaves up to 18 cm. long, obtuse to short-acuminate;
calyx globose in bud; carpels 6-7, about twice the length of the calyx,
7-8 mm. long, mucronulate to cuspidate. Brazil, Paraguay..........
Bi alecersrola: srepaietsy ane velne Cotes iota mic secret a ernie Site eee ia A. ramiflorum St. Hil.

71. Petals 12-15 mm. long; inflorescence otherwise (72).

72. Plants arborescent; flower-buds globose, rounded at base; carpels 6-8,
long-rostrate, 114 times as long as the calyx. Stems minutely stellate-
pubescent, sometimes also with long, simple hairs; leaves thin, dis-
colorous, acuminate at apex, prominently reticulate beneath, up to
16 cm. long; stamen-tube, fruit, and seeds white-pilose. Brazil......
SER oD DOE O nD Ub DONO dee Boas aa esse: A. itatiaiae R. E. Fries

72. Plants shrubby; flower-buds angulate, carpels 5, the mature fruit un-
known. Leaves 2-4 cm. long, suborbicular, shortly acuminate, ir-
regularly and coarsely dentate, sometimes slightly 3-lobed; flowers
pendulous; calyx alate-pentagonous, cleft nearly to the base, the lobes
cordate; petals. 12-14 mm. long. Bolivia,.........<.:. <.» («sane
SAREE So ae op Siaynic ait horas Seioer A. Herzogianum R. E. Fries

73. Flowers mostly in corymbiform, umbelliform, racemiform, or paniculate
inflorescences (74).

73. Flowers mostly solitary in the axils but sometimes also more or less
aggregated apically or in small axillary clusters or (in A. divaricatum)
the inflorescence sometimes subpaniculate (79).

74. Carpels 5; petals not more than 8 mm. long (75).

74. Carpels (except sometimes in A. umbellatum) more than 5; petals (except
sometimes in A. umbellatum) more than 8 mm. long (77).

FEBRUARY, 1958] | SOUTH AMERICAN ABUTILON rail

75.Stems stellate-tomentellous below the inflorescence; leaves somewhat
discolorous, persistently (?) softly-stellate-tomentose on both surfaces.
Calyx in fruit about 8 mm. long, nearly equalling the aristate carpels.
RUMEN ore Seve see Miele wile PIS Ree ste ain ae A. aristulosum K. Schum.

75. Stems stellulate-puberulent below the inflorescence; leaves nearly con-
colorous (76).

76. Carpel-body about 4 mm. long, the awns 2.5-3 mm. long. Bolivia.......
Pp ee si ovants 6 cia NSs Wintabaathiiy ix ps A. benense (Britton) Baker f. Note 37

76. Carpel-body 6 mm. long, the awns 5 mm. long. Paraguay...............
Brag sy Sa stha abhor teleTRe tales alge a0 A. Balansae (Hassler) Hassler. Note 38

77. Inflorescences becoming loosely racemose, up to 20 cm. long but usually
shorter; carpels very obtuse, muticous, silky-villous, about 9 in num-
ber, 8-10 mm. long. Leaves deltoid-ovate, cordate, crenate, up to 4
cm. long, 14 to equally as wide as long. Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina.
Rg eitn th aes caine ashe wWlciala Sie, wise 2's A. terminale (Cav.) St. Hil.

77. Inflorescences otherwise; carpels cuspidate or aristate (78).

78. Flowers axillary and also racemosely or subcorymbosely clustered at ends
of more or less elongate axillary branchlets, the inflorescence, when
well developed, a very open, leafy panicle. Stems not conspicuously
hirsute, the simple hairs, if any, relatively short; leaves commonly
longer than wide; petals 10-15 mm. long; carpels conspicuously
beaked, rather finely tomentose. Colombia; North America.........
SR ae Ee oe A. abutiloides (Jacq.) Garcke. Note 39

78. Flowers mostly in small corymbiform or subumbellate clusters at ends of
the stem and axillary branchlets. Leaves sometimes shallowly trilo-
bate; calyx hirsute; petals 8-10 mm. long; carpels 5-7, aristate, 6-8
(9?) mm. long. Venezuela and Colombia to Peru and Bolivia........
VASES Bee Ia eos SHEE eas or A. umbellatum (L.) Sweet. Note 40

79. Stipules 13-15 mm. long, about 14 as wide at the unequally auriculate
base. Petals 10-13 mm. long, deep yellow; carpels about 10, apiculate,
114-2 times as long as the calyx. Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Brazil,
introduced from the Old World....A. auritum (Wall. ex Link) Sweet

79. Stipules narrower and mostly shorter, not auriculate (80).

80. Carpels biovulate. Stems with few or numerous long, simple hairs in
addition to other pubescence; leaves broadly ovate, deeply cordate,
sharply acuminate, crenulate to rather coarsely dentate; calyx-lobes
strongly ribbed; carpels 5 in number, 10-15 mm. long, aristate with
erect awns, glandular-pilose as are the herbage and calyx. Ecuador.
Brebie ats sheik shes! Sasysuhlenieueustilohas steve eet vot teen A. divaricatum Turcz. Note 41

80. Carpels triovulate, mostly long-cuspidate or aristate (81).

81. Leaves conspicuously asymmetric at base, ovate-oblong, up to 10 cm. long
and not more than 14 as wide, rather finely and regularly crenate-
serrate. Carpels about equalling the calyx, villous. Brazil...........
lide aed aictiua i's Cpahey avait Alara en phe bara ohio euelt pana siete A. inaequilaterum St. Hil.

81. Leaves symmetric or nearly so (82).

82. Blades discolorous, the lower surface much more pubescent than the
upper, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 14 or more times as wide as long,
truncate or subcordate at base, sharply long-acuminate, denticulate.

212 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 9g

Flowers small; carpels about 8, longer than the calyx. Brazil (Rio de
PAMELIO) ss coyer es oa sia eens se A. neovidense K. Schum. Note 42

82. Blades concolorous or nearly so (83).

83. Carpels commonly 8 or 9, long-cuspidate or aristate; leaves often shal-
lowly 3-lobed. Stems subhirsute or (in var. tomentosum K. Schum.)
velutinous with stellate hairs, sometimes also with long, simple hairs;
flowers often several in the upper axils and the inflorescence becom-
ing a leafy thyrse; fruit mostly considerably surpassing the calyx,
more or less septicidal as well as loculicidal. Brazil, Peru, Bolivia,
Chile; Areeatingds oc.e00b 22 sees = A. virgatum (Cav.) Sweet. Note 43

83. Carpels commonly 5-7; leaves not lobed or very obscurely so (84).

84. Stems tomentellous, without long, simple hairs; leaves shallowly den-
tate; some of the flowers often subumbellate on accessory branchlets;
carpel-awns 1.5-2 mm. long. Galapagos Islands.................++:
bocsdiatanb oe aoa feormnnins Ste oncesel oy eh or bgt A. Anderssonianum Garcke. Note 44

84. Stems with or without long simple hairs; leaves deeply dentate; flowers
solitary, long-pedunculate; carpel-awns about 1 mm. long. Brazil,
ATECRUEE wot oe say ie tetas pv nee eee A. saltense Hassler. Note 45

NOTES

1. The following taxa are too little known for inclusion in this key:
A. Arnottianum (Gill.) Walp. (Chile), A. benedictum Bunb. (Brazil), A. cir-
cinnatum (Willd.) G. Don (Brazil), A. densiflorum Walp. (Chile), A. eximium
Lind. & Planch. (Venezuela), A. globiflorum (Hook.) G. Don, A. hirsutum
(Vell.) K. Schum. (Brazil), A. lineatum (Vell.) K. Schum. (Brazil), A. pilosum
(Vell.) K. Schum. (Brazil), A. pyramidale Turcz. (Colombia). A. globiflorum
is probably an Old World species, although E. G. Baker (Journ. Bot. 31:271)
assigned it to Peru or Chile, where it may have been cultivated. A. bene-
dictum may be a Bakeridesia, since Baker (ibid.) thought it allied to “A.
rufivellum” K. Schum., which is Bakeridesia rufivela Hochr. A. quinquelo-
bum Ulbr. is certainly Bakeridesia, being based on the same type collection
as is B. senilis (K. Schum.) Hochr. A. scabridum K. Schum., which Garcke
(Bot. Jahrb. 15:408) thought to be the same as A. truncatum (Vell.) K.
Schum., also should be transferred to Bakeridesia. A. Weberbaueri Ulbr.,
from Peru, is a Bastardia. A. pulverulentum Utbr., from Peru, is a Sida
(S. pulverulenta (Ulbr.) Kearney). A. turumiquirense Steyerm., from Vene-
zuela, seems to be known only by the type collection, without flowers but
with old dehiscent fruits. Its identity is uncertain but it does not seem to be
an Abutilon, the ovule, apparently, being solitary and pendulous. It may
represent an undescribed genus.

2. The term pluriovulate, as used in this key, signifies that the number
of ovules in each carpel is 4 or more; and the term pauciovulate signifies
that the number is not more than 3. Garcke (Bot. Jahrb. 15:483) considered
the number of ovules an inconstant and unsatisfactory character, although
Schumann in Flora Brasiliensis and most recent authors have used it as the
principal basis for grouping the species. In the present artificial key, this
character has been subordinated as far as is practicable.

3. Perhaps only a variety of A. megapotamicum, with lobed leaves.

FEBRUARY, 1958] | SOUTH AMERICAN ABUTILON 213

4, A. venosum Lem. (Fl. Serr. Jard. 23: pl. 5, -1846), although stated to
have come originally from Mexico, appears to be the same as Sida venosa
Hook. (Bot. Mag. 75 : t. 4463, -1849), the latter being the basonym of Abuti-
lon venosum (Hook.) Hook. ex Walp.

5. Synonyms: A. pictum (Gill.) Walp. and perhaps A. Thompsoni André.

6. Apparently very close to A. senile, which is a Bakeridesia.

7. Synonym: A. septemlobum Miq.

8. Ulbrich considered this species related to A. megapotamicum, but it
differs in several characters. He did not state the number of ovules.

9. Garcke (Bot. Jahrb. 15:484) thought this to be identical with A. inae-
quale, but the descriptions in FI. Bras. (123:407,408) indicate different plants.

10. A collection from near Caracas (Pittier 9931), determined by Ulbrich
as A. Woronovii var., was described by the collector as “shrubby, trailing,
flowers yellowish white.”

11. Schumann stated (Fl. Bras. 12°:432) that, although anomalous in the
uniovulate carpels, A. oxypetalum otherwise agrees with Abutilon. It would
seem better, however, to transfer it to Sida. The constriction of the carpels
suggests Wissadula, but the carpels are too numerous.

12. See Fl. Bras. 128:418, where the name is spelled silvaticum. Cavanilles
(Diss. 2:56-57) described his Sida sylvatica as having “capsulae 30-36 com-
pressae, muticae, monospermae,” which certainly would not apply to the
plant described by Schumann, but as Schumann himself pointed out (ibid.,
Obs.), Cavanilles’ illustration (Diss. t. 133 f. 2) corresponds well with the
plant described by Schumann. A. laxum Rusby is perhaps a synonym. Three
subspecies of A. silvaticum (sic) were described by R. E. Fries (K. Sv. Vet.
Akad. Hand. ser. 3, 242: 7-8). As compared with ssp. genuinum, ssp. Buch-
tienii seems to differ chiefly in the more caudate-acuminate calyx-lobes. Ssp.
Klugii was described as having longer, ferruginous pubescence of the herb-
age and calyx, leaves less deeply cordate at base, stamens in 5 fascicles, and
more numerous carpels.

13. Synonym (?) fide Garcke: A. falcatum St. Hil. & Naud., an older name.
This was described as having a 9-10-merous ovary and carpels 20 mm. long
at maturity.

14. Synonym (?): A. paeoniflorum (Hook.) Walp.

15. According to Garcke (Bot. Jahrb. 15:491), A. Sellowianum may be
synonymous with A. macrocarpum St. Hil. & Naud. and A. macrophyllum
St. Hil. & Naud. These taxa were too briefly and inadequately described to
afford certain identification. Photographs of the types in the Paris Herbar-
ium show, in the former, a leaf with 2 rather large, acutish teeth, and in the
latter, a leaf with 2 very sharp but very short lateral lobes. The carpels were
stated to be 12-15 in A. macrocarpum, the ovary polymerous in A. macro-
phyllum, and in both the carpels were described as having more than 4
ovules and muticous. A fruit from the type of A. macrocarpum has muti-
cous carpels about 14 as long as the calyx, the latter about 2 cm. long, cleft
nearly to the base with triangular-lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate lobes.
The calyx of A. macrophyllum, as shown in the photograph, seems very
similar. Since both photographs show the petals at least twice as long as the
calyx, it may be assumed that the’ corolla is about 40 mm. long. Garcke

214 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 9

(ibid.) suggested that A. elegans St. Hil., an older name, may be only varie-
tally distinct from A. Sellowianum.

16. This plant is probably a Bakeridesia, the carpels being described as
“dorso bialatis” (Fl. Bras. 12°:388). It was not mentioned, however, by
Hochreutiner in his synopsis of Bakeridesia (Ann. Genéve 21:418-421). A.
aurantiacum Linden is probably a synonym.

17. Synonym: A. lanatum Miq., the name under which this species was
described in Fl. Bras. (123:409).

18. Superficially resembles A. sylvaticum but the carpels are 3-ovulate.
Rusby described them as “strongly beaked,” but they do not appear so in
the type specimen.

19. Ulbrich thought this species to be related to A. reflexum, but de-
scribed the petals as spreading, as is evident in the type collection.

20. Leaves discolorous in var. discolor K. Schum. In subsp. discolor var.
hirsutum R. E. Fries, the young stems have longish hairs, as in A. Mouraei,
which may be not specifically distinct from A. Bedfordianum. Garcke (Bot.
Jahrb. 15:488) thought that A. montanum St. Hil. may be an older name for
A. Bedfordianum.

21. An insufficiently known species. A. dianthum Pres] may be a synonym.
If Steyermark 55054 was correctly identified as A. geminiflorum, the imma-
ture carpels are muticous and densely soft-pilose. According to Garcke
(ibid. p. 489), this species is scarcely distinguishable from 4A. sylvaticum.

22. A. peruvianum (Lam.) Kearney, comb. nov., based on Sida peruviana
Lam., Encycloped. 1:6 (1783). Synonym: A. arboreum of Sweet and later
authors, not Sida arborea L. f. if the latter was described as having fruits of
only 5 carpels and as coming from Africa. (See Cavanilles, Diss. p. 389).

23. Probably at most only a variety of A. peruvianum. According to
Ulbrich (Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl. 117:52), the carpels are 3-5-seeded.

24. Synonym: A. Lilloi Hassler (fide A. Krapovickas, personal communi-
cation).

25. The styles are slightly enlarged toward apex but the stigmas are
capitate and this species certainly does not belong to Schumann’s Section
Corynabutilon (genus Corynabutilon Kearney) as Ulbrich thought it did.

26. Synonyms: A. Flueckigerianum K. Schum., A. tacuaremboense Arech.

27. Synonym: A. Briquetii Hochr.

28. Synonym: A. indicum var. hirtum Griseb. A collection of A. hirtum
in Peru, by Pavon, was mentioned in Fl. Bras. (123:385).

29. Synonyms: A. purpurascens K. Schum. but probably not Sida purpu-
rascens Link (see Garcke, Bot. Jahrb. 15:489-490). A. virens St. Hil. & Naud.
may also be a synonym.

30. A. carneum was referred by Garcke (Bot. Jahrh. 15:483) to A. esculen-
tum St. Hil.

31. Cavanilles’ description and illustration of his Sida mollissima (Diss.
2:49, t.14, fig. 1) indicate a plant with very small flowers and triovulate
carpels. Garcke (Bot. Jahrb. 15:487, 488) cited as synonyms: A. calycinum
Presl, A. sordidum K. Schum., A. asiaticum Griseb. non Sida asiatica L., and
Sida cistiflora L’Heér.

FEBRUARY, 1958] SOUTH AMERICAN ABUTILON 215

32. A. molle (Ortega) Sweet, based on Sida mollis Ortega non Rich., is
apparently the same as A. mollissimum K. Schum. non (Cav.) Sweet, and A.
grandifolium (Willd.) Sweet.

33. Garcke (ibid. p. 488) referred A. melanocarpum St. Hil. & Naud. and
A. pedunculare Griseb. non H.B.K. to A. pauciflorum. Presumably A. parvi-
folium (St. Hil. & Naud.) Hochr. (A. melanocarpum var. parvifolium St. Hil.
& Naud.) and A. rugulosum Hochr. are additional synonyms. The corolla of
A. pauciflorum is always yellow when fresh, although frequently drying
pink, fide A. Krapovickas (personal communication). In the related North
American A. Hulseanum (T.& G.) Torr., the corolla seems to be always white
or pink when fresh.

34. Synonym: A. rivulare St. Hil. (See Garcke, Bot. Jahrb. 15:484.)

35. Synonym: A. Johnsonii Ekman. According to Ingr. A. Krapovickas
(personal communication), this very distinct species (A. Hassleranum) has
an endoglossum under the seeds and in this character represents a transition
to the genus Pseudabutilon, although otherwise it is very unlike any recog-
nized species of that genus.

36. Synonyms: A. pseudogiganteum Steyerm. (and others cited in the key
to the North American species, Note 18). Steyermark (Fieldiana 28:362) dis-
tinguished A. pseudogiganteum from A. giganteum as having pubescent
seeds, muticous carpels, and corolla without a purple center. The seeds of
A. giganteum were described in Fl. Bras. (123:394) as glabrous, but by Faw-
cett & Rendle (Fl. Jamaica 53:102) as having “short white hairs tuberculate
at base’, and this seems generally the case in West Indian and Central
American specimens. The carpels of A. giganteum are usually cuspidate or
short-aristate, but in a specimen from Cuba (Hioram 1270), they are exactly
as described for A. pseudogiganteum; and Urban & Helwig (Repert. Sp. Nov.
24:231) mentioned a specimen from Trinidad with carpels rounded and
muticous or submuticous. Finally, the purple center of the coralla seems to
be occasionally present in A. giganteum. The type and 2 other collections
of A. pseudogiganteum, cited by Steyermark, came from Venezuela.

- 37. Very like A. umbellatum (L.) Sweet and perhaps only a variety thereof.

38. Probably not distinct, as a species, from A. benense. The combination
was based upon Wissadula Balansae Hassler (1907) which R. E. Fries, in his
monograph of Wissadula (p. 91) concluded to be probably an Abutilon.
Hassler’s name is untenable, however, there being an older Wissadula Balan-
sae Baker f. (1893) which Fries (ibid.) identified as a Briquetia.

39. Synonyms: see key to the North American species, Note 31 (Leafl.
West. Bot. 7:253).

40. According to Cavanilles, the carpels are 6-11. A specimen from Hua-
nuco, Peru (Macbride 3493, Chicago Museum No. 534567), very like A. um-
bellatum, has 11 carpels, these 9 mm. long. Synonyms?: A. Bridgesii Baker f.,
and A. cymosum Tr. & Planch. See also A. Anderssonianum (first paragraph
84).

41. According to Garcke (Bot. Jahrb. 15:483, 484) the older name 4A. di-
varicatum Turcz. was based upon the same collection (Jameson 605) as was
A. cordatum Garcke & K. Schum. Garcke confirmed the fact that the carpels

216 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VIII, NO. 9g

are dispermous, although Turczaninow described them as trispermous in
A. divaricatum.

42. This name is antedated by A. anodoides St. Hil. & Naud. according to
Garcke (ibid. p. 485).

43. Synonyms (?): A. cinereum Griseb., A. cornutum (Humb. & Bonpl.)
Sweet, A. Grevilleanum (Gill. & Hook.) Walp., A. mendocinum Phil., A.
paranthemoides Griseb.

44. Perhaps only a variety of A. umbellatum. See Kearney, Madrofio
11:285, 286.

45. Perhaps only a variety of A. virgatum.

THE AUTHOR OF BROMUS HAENKEANUS, A CORRECTION. In a
recent article on certain weedy species of Bromus (Leafl. West.
Bot. 8: 151-154,—1957), I cited Presl as the authority for B.
Haenkeanus, as has been done also in references by C. F. Smith
(A Flora of Santa Barbara, p. 16,—1951), T. H. Kearney (Leafl.
West. Bot. 7: 172,—1954), and E. C. Twisselmann (Wasmann
Journ. Biol. 14: 203,—1957). Dr. P. A. Munz, however, has called
my attention to the fact that Presl’s name was Ceratochloa Haen-
keana (Rel. Haenk. 1: 285,—1830) and that Kunth transferred it
to Bromus (Enum. PI. 1: 416,—1833). Hence, for those not recog-
nizing the genus Ceratochloa, the correct citation becomes Bro-
mus Haenkeanus (Presl) Kunth.—PETER H. RAVEN.

Latuyrus CICERA ADVENTIVE IN CALIFORNIA. The attractive
little Mediterranean annual, Lathyrus Cicera L., has been found
by Miss Vesta Hesse in the Santa Cruz Mts., San Mateo Co., Cali-
fornia. Of its occurrence Miss Hesse writes: “My No. 1886 was
growing among grasses and other weeds along the Skyline Boule-
vard about 2 miles north of Saratoga Summit at an elevation of
about 2300 feet. There was quite a number of plants but they
were scattered and inconspicuous. The fresh flowers were red-
dish.” From L. sphaericus Retz., which is also an annual with
solitary reddish flowers and bifoliolate leaves, L. Cicera may be
distinguished by the flower-stalks which are longer than the
petioles, the very short prolongation of the rhachis, the calyx-
lobes which are much longer than the tube, and the twisted style.
Since the species is not given by C. L. Hitchcock in his Revision
of the North American Species of Lathyrus (Univ. Wash. Publ.
Biol. vol. 15, —1952), the plant may be new not only to California
but to North America as well.—JoHN ‘THoMAs HowELL.

FEBRUARY, 1958] | WARM SPRINGS RESERVATION AVY

NOTABLE PLANTS OF THE WARM SPRINGS
INDIAN RESERVATION, OREGON

BY ROBERT ORNDUFF
Department of Botany, University of California, Berkeley

AND

DAVID H. FRENCH
Reed College, Portland, Oregon

For the past few years the second author has been making ex-
tensive collections of vascular plants from the lower elevations
in and near the Warm Springs Indian Reservation located in
Wasco and Jefferson counties, Oregon. These collections have
been made in connection with the second author’s ethnobotani-
cal studies of the three tribes represented on the reservation.
During the course of identification of the plants by the first au-
thor, who gratefully acknowledges the assistance of Dr. Arthur
Cronquist and Dr. C. Leo Hitchcock, several novelties of distri-
bution were noted which were considered of sufficient interest
to warrant a separate report. Judging from specimens deposited
in western herbaria, we believe that practically no botanical
collections had previously been made on the reservation.

In checking distributional data on the species listed, we have
had access to the herbaria of the University of Washington and
the University of California and have referred, when possible,
to recent monographic treatments of the plants involved and to
papers dealing with the floristics of Oregon east of the Cascades.
All of the specimens cited are in the second author’s herbarium
at Reed College, although, where indicated, duplicates have
been deposited in the Herbarium of the New York Botanical
Garden.

NATIVE SPECIES

Pinus LAMBERTIANA Dougl. A single cone-producing tree has
been noted near the junction of the Metolius and Whitewater
rivers east of Mount Jefferson, Jefferson County, No. 1738. On
the western slope of the Cascades this species has been reported
as far north as southeastern Clackamas County. In Oregon east
of the Cascades the species occurs in scattered stands in the Bend
area. The Indian Service reports it from Sawmill Butte in the
western central portion of the'reservation and has also noted the

218 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. g

existence of a single tree, now dead, on Hehe butte near the
Wasco-Jefferson County line.

CoRALLORHIZA TRIFIDA Chat. This species has been recorded
in Oregon from Wallowa, Hood River, and Union counties. We
have collected a flowering specimen in the moist woods near
Beaver Creek, Highway 26, near the north reservation bound-
ary, Wasco County, No. 1339 (NY).

Quercus GARRYANA Dougl. This species forms a narrow belt
on the eastern edge of the yellow pine forests on the eastern
slope of the Cascades near the Columbia Gorge, and has previ-
ously been recorded as far south as Tygh Valley. A large stand of
this oak occurs on the northern faces of the hills near the north-
ern reservation boundary; it also occurs near Simnasho, a small
settlement on the reservation about 20 miles southwest of Tygh
Valley, No. 87; and it has been noted locally at the mouths of
streams tributary to the Deschutes River, such as Oak Creek and
Skookum Creek.

LuPpINUS ALBICAULIS Dougl. Near Highway 26, approximately
2.5 miles south of the northern reservation boundary, Wasco
County, No. 1458. As far as we know, this species has been found
in Oregon only on the western slopes of the Cascades.

CoNnvoLVULUs POLYMORPHUS Greene. Although primarily a
species of southern Oregon and northern California, this would
seem to be well distributed in our region. Peck records this
species from Maupin, Wasco County, and we have collected it
in the open pine forest near Old Mill, Wasco County, No. 159;
Tenino Creek valley, Jefferson County, No. 786; and pine woods
above the junction of the Metolius and Whitewater rivers, Jef-
ferson County, No. 1449.

PHACELIA THERMALIs Greene. In Oregon this species has been
known only from alkaline flats in Lake, Harney, and Malheur
counties. However, we have one plant from the Warm Springs
River valley at the bridge on the Warm Springs-Simnasho road,
Wasco County, No. 886. Whether this species is actually estab-
lished in the area remains to be determined.

PLAGIOBOTHRYS SCOULERI (H. & A.) Johnst. This species has
been recorded from Hood River County in Oregon east of the
Cascades. We have noted it in two localities in Wasco County,
one a temporary pond at the south end of Schoolie Flat, No.

FEBRUARY, 1958] | WARM SPRINGS RESERVATION 219

1186, and the other near the old Beaver Creek bridge, Simnasho-
Hehe Butte road, No. 893 (NY).

DowNnInGIA YINA Appleg. var. MAJOR McVaugh. This species
is known from Lake and Harney counties east of the Cascades,
and has been found along the Columbia River at The Dalles. It
is locally abundant in our area, having been collected at Log
Springs, No. 976; on a sandbar near the Warm Springs River
below the Warm Springs-Simnasho road bridge, No. 1293; and
at the Schoolie Pasture ranger station, No. 1596. All of these
localities are in Wasco County.

CHAENACTIS Nevi Gray. Previously this species has been col-
lected only in the John Day River valley, but we have found it
in Indian Head Canyon, which joins the Warm Springs River
valley near the hot springs, Wasco County, No. 1184 (NY). This
is about 40 miles west of the John Day River.

HAPLOPAPPUS CARTHAMOIDES (Hook.) Gray. Specimens show-
ing a range of variation between H. carthamoides var. cartha-
moides and var. Cusickii Gray have been collected in pine woods
by the Wolfard Canyon road, ‘Tenino bench, Jefferson County,
No. 1579 (NY). The former variety has been found at the east
end of the Columbia River Gorge in Oregon, and the latter va-
riety is known in Oregon only from the Blue Mountains. While
our specimens cannot be assigned exclusively to either variety,
the locality in which they were collected is clearly a new one for
the species.

. ERIOPHYLLUM LANATUM (Pursh) Forbes var. ACHILLAEOIDES
(DC.) Jeps. In Oregon, this variety of E. lanatum has been re-
corded as far north as Lane County. We have collected it in suc-

cessive years at the Hehe celebration ground, Wasco County,
No. 1283, 1469 (NY).

Mania sATivA Mol. Although previously recorded in Oregon
only from the western portion of the state, we have found it
along the road north of Simnasho, Wasco County, No. 1562
(NY).

INTRODUCED SPECIES

AGROPYRON DESERTORUM (Fisch.) Schult. Beside Highway 26,
east side of Deschutes River, 0.5 mile south of bridge, Jefferson
County, No. 1253.

220 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO.9

Poa BULBOSA L. Valley of Shitike Creek, west of Warm Springs
agency area, No. 701.

DrANTHus ARMERIA L. Hehe celebration ground by the Warm
Springs River, Wasco County, No. 1624.

LYCHNIS CORONARIA (L.) Desr. About 3 miles below the head
of the Metolius River, Jefferson County, No. 135.

RANUNCULUS TESTICULATUS Crantz. This interesting little
plant has been previously recorded in Oregon from Condon in
Gilliam County and from Wheeler County. Our plants were
collected near a cattle trough at Miller Flat, south of Highway
26, southern Wasco County, No. 1679 (NY).

TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS L. First recorded in 1938, this pest has
spread rapidly in Oregon. It is occasionally encountered on the
reservation, especially on open, packed ground near human
habitation, e.g., No. 845, near the stores at the Warm Springs
agency area.

Myosoris DISCOLOR Pers. Although this species occurs in scat-
tered localities in western Oregon, it has been recorded east of
the Cascades only in Wallowa County. We have it from open
pine woods at the Hehe celebration ground, Wasco County,
No. 898.

CENTAUREA DIFFUSA Lam. Creek bottom on Tygh Ridge, Was-
co County, No. 1115 (NY); in this locality plants with whitish
flowers and plants with lavender flowers grew together.

HypocHaERis RADICATA L. While this weed is well established
in western Oregon, it is uncommon east of the Cascades. Our
specimens are from the Hehe celebration ground, Wasco Coun-
ty, No. 1631 (NY).

A REAPPRAISAL OF CAREX FLACCIFOLIA

BY JOHN THOMAS HOWELL

Even as Carex flaccifolia was being named among “additional
species” in “A monograph of the California species of the genus
Carex” by Mackenzie (1922a, p. 92), it seemed a questionable
proposal based on a specimen “said to have been collected on
dry plains in southwestern California” by George B. Grant. At
the time it was described, it was referable presumably to the
section Laxiflorae, since it was numbered 76a (to follow 76. C.
Hendersonii Bailey on p. 60), there being nothing in the inade-

FEBRUARY, 1958] CAREX FLACCIFOLIA 221

quately brief diagnosis to indicate that its real affinity was with
the following species, 77. C. Whitneyi Olney. Although the mat-
ter of its relationship to C. Whitney: has been clearly stated
several times since (Mackenzie, 1922b, 1923a, 1923b, 1931-1935),
C. flaccifolia has remained a doubtful entity, known from only
the single collection that was reputedly found in a region where
such a plant could probably not grow. It now appears that
C. flaccifolia is not only referable to C. Whitney in the most
restricted sense of that species but that its type may have come
from Yosemite Valley, the type-locality of C. Whitneyz.

In my attempt to gain a proper estimate of C. flaccifolia with
respect to C. Whitneyz, I made an analytic comparison of Mac-
kenzie’s full diagnoses in the North American Flora (1935, pp.
274, 275) and compared each point of difference with the type of
C. flaccifolia (loaned to me from the U.S. National Herbarium
by J. R. Swallen), with the type of C. Whitney: (loaned to me
together with other collections from the Herbarium of Brown
University by G. L. Church), and with a set of 34 specimens of
Carex sect. Longicaules of the western United States in the Cali-
fornia Academy of Sciences Herbarium. The result of this study
disclosed that whereas Mackenzie’s concept of C. Whitney: cor-
responded to most of the specimens in the series, his delineation
of C. flaccifolia agreed in even minute details with a few speci-
mens from the central Sierra Nevada in California, notably with
collections made in Yosemite Valley. In these specimens and also
in two collections made by D. D. Keck in Tuolumne County at
Mather (No. 1229, 5547), the following critical characters of
C. flaccifolia were met: leaf-blades generally flat, leaf-sheaths
white-hyaline ventrally, scales of staminate flowers oblong-
obovate and pale yellowish or whitish, pistillate spikelets 8-10
mm. wide, scales of pistillate flowers spreading or widely ascend-
ing and usually not appressed, perigynia ovoid, 4—4.5 mm. long
and 2-2.3 mm. wide, rather abruptly contracted into the beak,
the beak 0.5—1 mm. long, more or less bidentulate.1

Since morphologic evidence indicates that C. flaccifolia is not
distinguishable from that form of C. Whitney: that grows in the
Transition Zone forest on the western slope of the central Sierra
~~ 1 Mackenzie gives the length of perigynia as 3.5-4.25 mm. for C. flaccifolia. Of 7 peri-
gynia that I measured on the type, 5 were a little over 4 mm. long and 2 were about 4.5 mm.
long. Originally Mackenzie described the perigynium-beak of C. flaccifolia as 0.5 mm. long
(Erythea 8: 92) but later changed this to 0.25 mm. (N. Amer. Fl. 18: 274). I would give

the length of the perigynium-beaks of thé type as generally about 0.5 mm. and I measured
one beak about 1 mm. long.

222 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 9

Nevada, it would seem quite certain that George B. Grant mis-
labeled the type of C. flaccifolia. Grant, whose home was in
Pasadena, is best remembered for his extensive collections of
southern California plants; but, to determine whether he did
field work in the Sierra Nevada, I turned to Adele Lewis Grant’s
highly documented monograph of the genus Mimulus (Mo. Bot.
Gard. Ann. 11: 99-388) in an attempt to locate some of G. B.
Grant’s collecting areas farther afield. From this I learned that
from July 4 to 12, 1901, G. B. Grant had collected in Yosemite
Valley (cf. data under Mimulus moschatus, pp. 226, 228). To me
the inference is indubitable—that the type of C. flaccifolia was
collected in Yosemite Valley (or vicinity), and later, being mis-
taken for C. triquetra, was given a label to fit the provenance of
that species. As I had scrutinized the Grant specimen I had felt
that its more slender culms, more flaccid foliage, and more loose-
ly spreading pistillate scales indicated a Whitney: collection that
was more advanced in age than those I was studying from the
Yosemite. Since those collections were made in May and June,
the July dates of Grant’s Yosemite visit corroborated my feeling
and could account in part for morphologic details that im-
pressed Mackenzie.

Carex Whitneyi Olney was based on seven collections from
the Sierra Nevada (Olney, 1868, p. 394), and it is this set of ma-
terial, as noted above, which I have been privileged to examine
from the Olney Herbarium at Brown University. In this series
it is obvious that Olney regarded Brewer’s collection from Yo-
semite Valley, No. 1639, as the type, since it is the only collec-
tion Olney labeled “n. s.’”” Moreover it is the collection first cited
by Olney (l.c.) and is the one accepted by Mackenzie as the type
(Erythea 8: 61). From this it seems apparent that the name C.
Whitneyi is to be applied to a relatively rare plant with a lim-
ited Sierran distribution and that C. flaccifolia is a synonym.

Although Mackenzie accepted the typification of C. Whitneyi
as established by Olney, the plant he treated as C. Whitney? is
one that grows at higher elevations and is distributed from
southern Oregon southward through the Sierra Nevada. That
plant, now without a name,” may be known as Carex Jepsonii
27 have not been able to ascertain the correct identity of C. pilosiuscula Boeck. (1882),
given as a synonym of C. Whitneyi by Kiikenthal (1909, p. 581) and Mackenzie. The type
locality given by Mackenzie (1922a) as ‘‘salt plains of the Rocky Mts.” would seem to indi-
cate that Boeckeler’s species is the same as C. Whitneyi sensu Mackenzie. Boeckeler’s name,

however, is a later homonyn of C. pilosiuscula Gobi (1876) and hence is not available for
the plant herein named as new.

FEBRUARY, 1958] CAREX FLACCIFOLIA 223

J. T. Howell, spec. nov.? It may be appropriately typified by
Jepson No. 4477 in the Herbarium of the New York Botanical
Garden, the specimen selected by Mackenzie to illustrate “C.
Whitney?” in Plate 321 of the North American Cariceae. In that
work C. Whitney is depicted by Plate 320 (entitled C. flacci-
folia). The illustration of C. Whitney: in Erythea vol. 8 (fig. 31)
is based on Jepson 4348 from Yosemite Valley and hence is cor-
rectly named. Fig. 783 in Abrams I]lustrated Flora (vol. 1, p. 324)
is based on the collection of Bolander and Keller made in 1872
that is in the New York Botanical Garden. This collection,
loaned to me by D. D. Keck, is C. Jepsonii.

The following synopsis outlines the pertinent synonymy and
lists collections on which the study has been made. Collections
are in Herb. Calif. Acad. Sci. (CAS) unless otherwise indicated.

CAREX WHITNEYI Olney, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7:394 (1868). C. flaccifolia Mkze.,
Erythea 8:92 (1922); N. Amer. Cariceae Plate 320 (1940).

CALIFORNIA. MArRIposA CounTy: Yosemite Valley, 4000 ft., June 18, 1863,
Brewer 1639, “growing loosely in a tuft on dry granite soil . . ., common”
(BRU, type; UC); Yosemite Valley, May 24, 1892, Congdon (UC); Yosemite
Valley, June 24, 1911, Jepson 4348 (JEPS, NY); east end of Yosemite Valley
between Happy Isles and Mirror Lake, June 2, 1940, Howell 15578 (CAS);
Hogan Mt., June 23, 1893, Congdon (UC). TUOLUMNE County: frequent
in dry places in shade of Pinus ponderosa and Quercus Kelloggii, Mather,
4600 ft., June 8, 1931, Keck 1229 (CAS); dry meadow borders, Mather,
May 29 and June 3, 1946, Keck 5547 (CAS).

CAREX JEPSONII J. T. Howell. C. Whitneyi Mkze. in large part, N. Amer.
FI. 18: 274 (1935); N. Amer. Cariceae Plate 321 (1940). ? C. pilosiuscula Boeck.,
Flora 65: 61 (1882), not Gobi (1876).

OrEcon. Alpine pumice slopes near Vitae Falls, Crater Lake, 6000 ft.,
Klamath Co., J. W. Thompson 12227; Crane Mt. near Lakeview, Lake Co.,
J. W. Thompson 13208.

NevapA. Incline, Washoe Co., L. S. Smith in 1928.

CauiFornia. California, Bolander & Keller in 1872 (BRU, CAS, NY); in fir

3 Carex Jepsonu J. T. Howell, spec. nov. (LONGICAULES). Dense caespitosa; culmis
2.5—6 dm. altis, brunnescentibus basi; laminis foliorum pubescentibus supra et infra, 2-3 mm.
latis, planis vel plerumque revolutis margine, vaginis albescentibus vel cinnamomeis ventro;
spiculis 3 vel 4, terminali staminea lineari, 0.5—2 cm. longa, squamis stamineis oblongo-
ovatis plus minusve brunneo-tinctis, spiculis lateralibus femineis oblongis vel lineari-oblongis,
1-2.5 cm. longis, 5-7 mm. latis, squamis femineis late ovatis, appresso-ascendentibus, 3-ner-
vatis, viridescentibus praeter castaneo-brunnescentem marginem; perigyniis valde ascenden-
tibus elliptico-ovoideis vel -obovoideis, triangularibus, 3.75—4.5 mm. longis, 1.5—2 mm. latis,
conspicue nervatis, glabris, pallide viridibus, supra sensim attenuatis in rostrum brevem cras-
sum, rostro 0.25—0.5 mm. longo, bidentulato, paulum hyalino, perigyniis basi cuneatis vel
substipiformibus; stigmatibus 3, stylo deciduo; achaeniis obovatis, 3-3.5 mm. longis, brun-
neis, breviter rostratis, substipitatis basi.

Type in Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard., Jepson 4477, collected July 20, 1911, in Tuolumne
Meadows, 8800 ft. alt., Tuolumne County, California. : R

Carex Jepsonii is closely related to C., Whitneyi Olney from which it may be differenti-
ated by its narrow leaves, narrower pistillate spikelets with appressed-ascending scales, and
smaller perigynia with shorter, stouter beaks.

224 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 9

and pine woods, Benton Meadow area, Warner Mts., 6800 ft., Modoc Co.,
Alexander & Kellogg 5018; Medicine Lake, Siskiyou Co., Eastwood 109414;
Mt. Shasta, 5500 ft., Siskiyou Co., Cooke 11161; Hat Lake, Mt. Lassen, 6450
ft., Shasta Co., Leschke in 1954; meadow at Drakesbad, Plumas Co., Mrs. H.
C. Cantelow 2278; Johnsville, 5200 ft., Plumas Co., Howell 27567; west side of
Donner Pass near Norden, 7000 ft., Nevada Co., Howell 18320; open pine
forest, Chambers Lodge, Lake Tahoe, 6300 ft., Placer Co., L. S. Rose 44051;
Silver Fork of American River, 4700 ft., Eldorado Co., Howell 18888; Luther
Pass, Alpine Co., Eastwood & Howell 8370; Tuolumne Meadows, 8800 ft.,
Tuolumne Co., Jepson 4477 (NY, type; JEPS); Dog Lake above Tuolumne
Meadows, 9240 ft., Tuolumne Co., L. S. Rose 34430; east side of Ostrander
Rocks, Mariposa Co., Hoover 3750; Mammoth Lakes region, Mono Co.,
L. S. Rose 35398, Howell 14424; Agnew Pass Trail, Madera Co., Howell
16566; ridge north of Colby Meadows, 11,000 ft., Fresno Co., Raven 4365;
Chagoopa Plateau, Tulare Co., Howell 17564; Long Lake, Rock Creek Lake
Basin, 10,700 ft., Inyo Co., Peirson 9415. Possibly also a sterile specimen:
South Fork of Salmon River near Big Flat, 5000 ft., Siskiyou Co., Howell
13322, collected July 22, 1937.

REFERENCES
KUKENTHAL, G.
1909. Cyperaceae-Caricoideae in Engler, Das Pflanzenreich IV. 20 (Heft 38),
1-824.
MACKENZIE, K. K.
1922a (Jan.). A monograph of the California species of the genus Carex.
Erythea 8: 1-95.
1922b (March). Carex in W. L. Jepson, A Flora of California, vol. 1, pp.
207-242.
1923a (May). Carex in L. Abrams, An Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States,
vol. 1, pp. 282-344.
1923b (Dec.). Carex in W. L. Jepson, A Manual of the Flowering Plants of
California, pp. 158-193.
1931-1935. North American Flora, vol. 18, parts 1-7.
1940. North American Cariceae. 2 vols.
OLNEY, S. T.
1868. Carices novae a Stephen T. Olney, A. M., descriptae, 1868. Proc.
Amer. Acad. 7: 393-396.

MEApow SALSIFY IN SAN LuIs OBIsPO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. On
May 17, 1957, I collected several specimens of Tragopogon pra-
tensis L. one-fourth mile north of the west entrance to Califor-
nia State Polytechnic College on State Highway 1, San Luis
Obispo County, California, my No. 169. Herbarium specimens
are deposited in the college herbarium. This is apparently a
new station in California for this species——WINTON H. FREy, JR.,
San Luis Obispo.

*

>

Vol. VIII No. 10

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS

A Tentative Key to the South American Species of
ES OA EMI GE AO UY ONC ae TE 225
Tuomas H. KEARNEY

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
May 15, 1958

3
» Q

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

A publication devoted particularly to the native and naturalized
plants of western North America and to the cultivated plants
of California, appearing about four times each year. Subscrip-
tion, $2.00 annually. Cost of back files or single numbers fur-
nished on request. Address: John Thomas Howell, California

Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18.

Cited as

LEAFL. WEsT. Bort.

Owned and published by

Joun THoMAS HOWELL

MAY, 1958] SOUTH AMERICAN PAVONIA 295

A TENTATIVE KEY TO THE SOUTH
AMERICAN SPECIES OF PAVONIA, CAV.

BY THOMAS H. KEARNEY (1)

Asterochlaena Garcke (Pseudopavonia Hassler) and Peltaea
(Presl) Standley (Peltobractea Rusby) are included but Lopimia
Mart. and Triplochlamys Ulbr. are excluded from the genus
Pavonia as here understood. Juxtaposition of species does not
necessarily indicate close relationship, the key being an artificial
one. As far as practicable, the characterizations are based upon
examination of herbarium specimens, but in many cases these
were not available and published descriptions and (or) photo-
graphs of types were the only source of information, hence the
word “tentative” in the title. Species not known from south of
Panama are excluded. The notes will be found at the end of the
key.

1. Involucel-bractlets (7-12) stipe-like, more or less rigid, expanded abrupt-
ly at apex into a thickish, often reflexed, usually more or less peltate
bladelet. Flowers more or less closely subtended by large, foliaceous
bracts. Section PELTAEA (2).

1. Involucel-bractlets sometimes spatulate, but not stipe-like and expanded
at apex as above (6).

2. Petals (20) 25-50 mm. long, red or white with a purple basal spot;
carpels more or less conspicuously transversely veiny, more or less
pubescent (3).

2. Petals not more (?), usually less than 25 mm. long, yellow (or pink?);
carpels obscurely if at all veiny (4).

3. Stems hirsute and (or) tomentose; leaves suborbicular, ovate, or ovate-
oblong, obtuse or acutish; calyx often more than 9 mm. long. Petals
usually 30 mm. or longer. Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay .............
OC UOTIOS P. speciosa H.B.K. ssp. polymorpha (St. Hil.) Guerke. Note 1

3.Stems minutely stellate-pilose or glabrescent; leaves oblong-elliptic,
elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate, very acute or subacuminate; calyx 4-9

MATS MATA, SUT RUAN 00 yee ass 519,03 o,s aaceio inet P. Julianae Uitt. Note 2
4. Leaves 7-9-nerved; more or less tomentose; carpels glabrous. Costa Rica
to Braril and. Paraguay .....6<.....0. 3. 00st P. sessiliflora H.B.K. Note 3

4. Leaves 3—-5-nerved, sparsely rough-pubescent or puberulent; carpels
pubescent (5).
5. Blades mostly lanceolate and 3-nerved. Colombia, Brazil, Peru, Bo-

UWE, 29a, oro arog 515 Haus, helen one an staat SEIOP P. Riedelii Guerke. Note 4
5. Blades normally ovate or lance-ovate and 5-nerved. Panama and Vene-
MRE oo 8 an! wine sh cia AS 2am he Rn o's SO P. Preslii Standl. Note 5

(+) This is the third paper dealing with the taxonomy of Malvaceae to be published in
this journal with aid from the T. H. Kearney Memorial Fund of the California Academy of
of Sciences.—J. T. Howe tt.

Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VIII, pp. 225-248, May 15, 1958.

226 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 10

6. Calyx more or less cylindric, the lobes only 4-14 of its length. Bractlets
8-14; corolla tubular, the petals erect, red, 25 mm. or longer; androe-
cium (in P. Glazioviana?) more or less exserted. Section MALVAVIS-
COIDES. Note 6. (7).

6. Calyx campanulate or cup-shaped, the lobes more than 14 of its length.
Note 7. (11).

7. Bractlets 1-2 cm. long, shorter than the calyx; petals 35-45 mm. long.
Leaves ovate or suborbicular (8).

7. Bractlets 3-4 cm. long, longer than the calyx; petals 25-30 mm. long (9).

8. Involucel of 8-10 linear-subulate bractlets. Brazil (Minas Geraes, etc.)

Grapes Clahielehd Batty dereeth aratae Wie ete ites erat Ota tie aorta P. malvaviscoides A. Juss.
8. Involucel of 11-14 subulate-filiform bractlets. Brazil (Minas Geraes,
FiO Ge Janey) | ich os senkemuiseany re P. montana Garcke. Note 8
9. Bractlets 12-14; leaves orbicular or suborbicular, distinctly petiolate.
Brazil (Baba). ss ns xan vied sal ere tented oF P. Glazioviana Guerke

9. Bractlets fewer than 12; leaves otherwise (10).

10. Leaves short-petiolate, oblong-lanceolate; bractlets 8. Brazil (Minas
Gerda) i lias thc iutcaea Oe heen tiean eke ame P. erythrolema Guerke

10. Leaves subsessile, elliptic or ovate; bractlets about 10. Petals purple,
about 25 mm. long; stamens, anthers, and styles dark purple; fruit
unknown: Brazil: (Rania). -. oo). «se aid sede ce P. melanostyla Ulbr.

11. Leaves I-nerved, pinnately veined, elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or lanceo-
late; bractlets 5-9; petals 14-20 mm. long; carpels muticous or mu-
cronate. Section GOETHEOIDES. Note 9. (12).

11. Leaves 3- or more-nerved (Note 10), or the bractlets more numerous,
or the petals longer than 20 mm., or the carpels cuspidate or aristate
(15).

12. Stipules 6-8 mm. long; lower leaves 2-5 cm. long; androecium nearly
twice as long as the petals. Bractlets 5 or 6. Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)
Dieveyatayotereta suo a: sepielsl ataweiadn elaiegelovanie eeeters P. semiserrata (Schrad.) Guerke

12. Stipules 10-25 mm. long; lower leaves 7-20 cm. long; androecium shorter
to slightly longer than the petals (13).

13. Bractlets 5 or 6, ovate-lanceolate; calyx nearly or quite equaling the
involucel. Brazil (Minas Geraes, Rio de Janeiro) . . . P. alnifolia A. Juss.

13. Bractlets 7-10; calyx 2-2.5 times shorter than the involucel (14).

14. Stipules 10-15 mm. long; peduncles 9-11 cm. long; bractlets narrowly

linear. Brazil (Bahia) ......... P. calyculosa St. Hil. & Naud. Note 11
14. Stipules 20-25 mm. long; peduncles 20-30 cm. long; bractlets elliptic or
oblanceolate. Brazil (Bahia) ............ P. longipedunculata Guerke

15. Carpels aristate or cuspidate, with 1 or 3, usually retrorsely hispid or
retrorsely pilose, apical awns or cusps. Section TyPHALAEA (16).

15. Carpels muticous or merely mucronate (Note 12). Section EUPAVONIA,
including Asterochlaena (43).

16. Apical awn or cusp single (17).

16. Apical awns or cusps 3 (20).

17. Cusp much less than 4 mm. long. Leaves up to 5 cm. long, often shal-
lowly 3-lobed; carpels pubescent or puberulent (18).

MAY, 1958] SOUTH AMERICAN PAVONIA 227

17. Cusp or awn 4 mm. or longer. Bractlets 9 or more, much longer than
the calyx (19).

18. Carpels with concave, wing-like margins; petals yellow, spotless (?),
about 25 mm. long; bractlets 6 or 7 in number, very narrow, 15-18
mm. long, 3 times as long as the calyx. Paraguay................
Biles creda chats Seaias Were anaes tek P. apiculata R. E. Fries. Note 13

18.Carpels not wing-margined; petals purple or blood-red, 10-12 mm.
long; bractlets 12-18 in number, twice as long as the calyx. Leaves
discolorous. Brazil (Bahia) ................ P. Philippi Ulbr. Note 14

19. Leaves elliptic-oblong, much longer than wide, not cordate, 1-nerved;
stems not glandular; bractlets 9 or 10, subulate; petals 10-12 mm.
long; androecium not exserted; awn usually much longer than the
body of the carpel, mostly 8-10 mm. long, retrorsely hispid. Brazil
PR ta ie ars aheteh abana anata site Said asthe P. monatherica Casar. Note 15

19. Leaves suborbicular, cordate, several-nerved; stems glandular-tomen-
tose and hirsute; bractlets about 22, filiform; petals 25-30 mm. long;
androecium 3-4 times as long as the petals; awn somewhat shorter
than the body of the winged carpel, about 4 mm. long. Brazil (Ba-
LS ent Ee ces. eeeae eR Terme P. Luetzelburgii Ulbr. Note 16

20. Leaves deeply, palmately 5—7-lobed, suborbicular, velutinous on both
surfaces, the lobes obtuse, with undulate and more or less incurved
margins, the basal lobes overlapping. Bractlets 9-12, linear-subulate;
petals yellow, 20-25 mm. long; awns conic, much shorter than the
carpel-body, the lateral awns borne far below the apex of the carpel
and projecting between the calyx-lobes. Brazil (Bahia) ...........
Rates tative onto stalas pay cae arate «eV LEE Sa ei iee sided P. varians Moric.

20. Leaves not lobed, or shallowly angulate-lobed, or deeply hastate-cor-
date (21).

21. Bractlets 5-7 or (in P. fruticosa, P. Spinifex, and (?) P. sepium) sometimes
8, less than twice the length of the calyx. Leaves crenate-dentate or
serrate (22). .

21. Bractlets rarely fewer than 9 (28).

22. Petals 2-4 cm. long (sometimes shorter in P. Spinifex?), yellow; leaves
subcordate to rounded at base, broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate;
carpel-awns variable, sometimes short and stout and the lateral ones
strongly divergent. Flowers solitary, sometimes crowded apically;
bractlets nearly distinct, linear-lanceolate or narrowly spatulate (23).

22. Petals seldom more than 2 cm. long; leaves cuneate to rounded (excep-
tionally subcordate) at base; carpel-awns usually elongate, slender,
and the lateral ones erect or ascending (24).

23. Herbage inconspicuously pubescent or glabrescent; leaves slightly dis-
colorous to nearly concolorous, rather finely dentate; androecium and
styles usually longer than the corolla. Peru; North America.....
BABA a wily aed, s ys a eae MT oe 8 P. Spinifex (L.) Cav. Note 17

23. Herbage more or less velutinous; leaves distinctly discolorous, coarsely
(often doubly) dentate; androecium and styles usually shorter than
the corolla. South-central Brazil to Peru, eastern Bolivia and northern
MATTED arise. He IMs os fd UR P. communis St. Hil. Note 18

228 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 10

24. Bractlets ovate- or oblong-lanceolate, commonly united at least 14 of
their length, the lobes 2-4 mm. wide at base; petals normally white
or whitish, 10-13 mm. long (25).

24. Bractlets (in P. urticifolia?) linear-lanceolate or subspatulate, united only
at base; petals yellow, 10-20 (25) mm. long. Note 19. (26).

25. Flowers mostly in terminal, capitate or corymbiform clusters; leaves
oblong-elliptic or obovate, cuneate to rounded (exceptionally subcor-
date) and usually nearly symmetric at base. West Indies and Mexico
to Pern, Brazil; and, Paraguay. 06.65.06 052) 2 oe wise @eivielet= relate nate
Side in celthie a eta tetera, Cenae P. fruticosa (Mill.) Fawc. & Rendl. Note 20

25. Flowers in loosely corymbiform or racemose clusters of 3 to 6, these
borne on very long, scape-like peduncles; leaves broadly oval to
elliptic-lanceolate, rounded and inequilateral at base. Peru, Bolivia
(Ar CAG Orr) oe.) ais: = ache te nina aise nin ere ainya)shoinig:aiele’s P. leucantha Garcke

26. Calyx 8-10 mm. long, longer than the involucel, cleft nearly to the base,
sparsely hispidulous; carpels dorsally pilose with long, crisp hairs,
the awns obscurely retrorse-pilosulous. Brazil ...... P. flavispana Miq.

26. Calyx not more, usually less than 8 mm. long, seldom longer than the
involucel; carpel-awns conspicuously retrorse-hispid (27).

27.Flowers mostly solitary in the axils, long-pedunculate; calyx seldom
more than 5 mm. long, usually shorter than the involucel; carpels
often hispid on the dorsal keel and the margins as well as the awns,
otherwise glabrous. Leaves oblong-lanceolate to oval or ovate, thin,
conspicuously dentate or serrate. Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia (?), Para-
guay, Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina. ....... P. sepium St. Hil. Note 21.

27. Flowers more or less clustered in terminal, corymbiform inflorescences;
calyx 6-8 mm. long, equaling the involucel; carpels covered dorsally
with bristles, Drupuay «22. a2» deicees P. urticifolia Arech. Note 22

28. Leaves 1-2 cm. long, about 14 as wide, ovate to ovate-lanceolate. Flowers
solitary in the axils, on peduncles much longer than the leaves;
bractlets 9-15, 2-3 times the length of the calyx; petals 18-20 mm.
long, greenish-yellow; carpels transverse-rugose dorsally, the awns
short and stout, the lateral ones divergent. Brazil, Paraguay .....

5 disco bis\eurte epider te ar shores ttre msieyausia( ore) < fe Solana Mareen P. microphylla Casar.

28. Leaves (the larger ones) more than 2 cm. long and (except in P. cancel-
lata, P. cochensis, and P. humifusa) usually less than 14 as wide (29).

29. Involucel shorter than to equaling the calyx. Leaves crenate or crenate-
serrate; bractlets united well above the base; petals white or whitish
(30).

29. Involucel longer than the calyx (31).

30. Flowers solitary or geminate, short-pedunculate; leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, about 3 times as long as wide; petal length unknown; carpel
awns about as long as the body. Colombia.............++++++++:
oy: siioya pm nhaiagu ip Rd fe johns Seay RNeae wane REET P. Goudotiana Tr. & Planch.

30. Flowers in clusters of 3-6, these loosely racemose or corymbose on long,
scape-like peduncles; leaves broadly oval to elliptic-lanceolate; petals
10-12 mm. long; carpel-awns 1/ as long as (or sometimes nearly equal-

MAY, 1958] SOUTH AMERICAN PAVONIA 229

ing?) the narrowly obovoid-trigonous body. Peru, Bolivia, (and Ecua-
OEP Gar RLS Messier hain gk sent ianh areas ase P. leucantha Garcke. Note 23

$1. Stems prostrate; leaves (except sometimes in P. humifusa) not more than
6.5 cm. long; awns or cusps shorter than the body of the carpel,
usually stout. Flowers solitary, on short or somewhat elongate pedun-
cles; bractlets numerous, very narrow, conspicuously hirsute or hispid,
longer than the calyx (32).

31.Stems mostly erect or ascending; leaves (except sometimes in P. pseu-
dotyphalaea) often more than 6.5 cm. long; awns usually elongate (34).

$2. Leaves ovate, not (?) lobed, (up to?) 3 cm. long and nearly as wide;
bractlets about 10 mm. long. Herbage velutinous; corolla and stamens
unknown; carpels shortly 3-aristate, minutely puberulent. Venezuela
(Goche island)! t.cjazes. sk ae os P. cochensis J. R. Johnst. Note 24

32. Leaves more or less deltoid and often angulate-lobed; bractlets mostly
more than 10 mm. long. Stamen-column antheriferous to the base;
petals yellow; carpels rugose (33).

33. Petals 18-25 mm. long, with a dark purple basal spot; stems usually
more or less hirsute with long, simple hairs, often also glandular-
pubescent; leaves subdeltoid, often trilobate, deeply cordate or has-
tate-cordate, up to 5 (6) cm. long, about as wide as long; bractlets 9-15
mm. long, distinct; androecium 10 mm. long; carpels with sharp edges
or narrowly winged, shortly 3-aristate to merely 3-mucronate. Colom-
bia, Venezuela, Guiatia, Brazil, BOUVIA i 6 /4/<j4/sje)e a9 ves <n npe accel -
Be Etc fatege hiatal diated ticle ee halen, & boa eye P. cancellata (L. f.) Cav. Note 25

33. Petals 30-40 mm. long, without (?) basal spot; stems velutinous, usually
without long, simple hairs; leaves deltoid, more or less 3—5-lobed, up
to 8 cm. long, usually wider than long; bractlets 15-20 mm. long;
androecium 20-25 mm. long; carpels not winged, 3-mucronate or 3-
cuspidate. Brazil (Bahia, Rio de Janeiro).P. humifusa A. Juss. Note 26

34. Bractlets distinct or united not more than 14 way from base (35).

34. Bractlets united well above (usually at least ¥% way from) the base.
Flowers mostly in terminal, corymbiform or subcapitate inflorescences
(37).

35. Stems hirsutulous or puberulent with short, whitish, mostly forked or
stellate hairs; flowers mostly in short, more or less dense, corymbi-
form or subcapitate terminal clusters. Involucel of usually 8-10 linear
or narrowly lanceolate bractlets, these united toward base, 0.5-2 mm.
wide, 3-nerved; petals 10-15 mm. long, pink or white. West Indies
and Mexico to Colombia, Ecuador, and Brazil .................

Set CAA ris Shed epotace Ree eee dete Ree ar P. rosea Schlecht. Note 27.

35. Stems copiously hirsute or hispid with yellowish or fulvous hairs; flow-
ers solitary, binate, or in clusters of 3 or 4. Leaves oblong-elliptic or
elliptic-lanceolate (exceptionally slightly obovate); petals white (36).

36. Stipules 8-10 mm. long; flowers solitary or in corymbose clusters of 3 or
4; bractlets 10, about 1.5 times as long as the calyx; petals 12-13 mm.
long; fruit unknown. Colombia ...P. pseudotyphalaea Planch. & Lind.

36. Stipules 3-5 mm. long; flowers mostly solitary or binate; bractlets 11 or
more, 2-4 times as long as the calyx; petals about 10 mm. long; carpel-

230 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VIII, NO. 10

awns subequal, spreading, longer than the body. Colombia, Brazil,
Peru, Costa Rica, Panama ...... P. oxyphyllaria Donn. Smith. Note 28

37. Leaves (the largest) less than 15 cm. long. Petals about as long as the
involucel (38).

37. Leaves (except sometimes in P. intermedia and P. umbrosa) 15 cm. long
or longer (40).

38. Peduncle (scape) 3-4 cm. long; leaves glabrescent above, elliptic; calyx
glabrous, cylindric, 3 mm. long; awns about 14 as long as the carpel-
body, subequal. Bractlets about 10, united nearly 14 their length;
petals pink, 8-9 mm. long. Peru .............. P. parva Ulbr. Note 29

38. Peduncle 5-20 cm. long; leaves more or less pubescent above; calyx pu-
bescent or puberulent, campanulate (in P. silvatica?), more than 3
mm. long; awns about 14 as long as the carpel-body (39).

39. Leaves obovate or oblanceolate, sparsely stellate-pilose on both surfaces;
petals white, 6-7 mm. long. Ecuador ....... P. silvatica Diels. Note 30

39. Leaves oblong-elliptic or subrhombic, hirsute on both surfaces with
mostly simple hairs; petals (color unknown) 8-10 mm. long. Floral
bracts 3-parted; bractlets 9-10, united about 14 way. Colombia, Peru
b EOE RIES noaleys os sa wld eUlaia.e Aore eh gies ah eivioee sree P. peruviana Guerke

40. Carpel-awns (at least the middle one) longer than the body. Inflores-
cences corymbiform, several- to many-flowered; involucel 9-10-lobed
(41).

40. Carpel-awns not longer than the body. Leaves cuneate at base, coarsely
and irregularly dentate, 15-20 mm. long, much longer than wide;
involucel much longer than the calyx, 9-12-lobed (42).

41. Leaves elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or lanceolate, 2-4 times as long as wide,
more or less acuminate at apex, coarsely and irregularly dentate,
appressed-hispidulous on both surfaces with rigid, simple or stellate
hairs; involucel very shortly stellate-pubescent; petals apparently less
than 10 mm. long, whitish; middle awn 2.5-3 times as long as the
carpel-body, much longer than the lateral awns, the carpel-body
carinate, smooth-sided, glabrous. Brazil ........ P. intermedia St. Hil.

41. Leaves narrowly oblanceolate, about 4 times as long as wide, somewhat
abruptly caudate-acuminate at apex, serrate, glabrescent on both
surfaces; involucel glabrate; petals about 10 mm. long; mature fruit
unknown. Bolvia in s<c.0ctistie. cesite Sacnieges P. umbrosa R. E. Fries

42. Middle awn of the carpel about equaling the body; leaves (in the type)
cuneate-obovate; involucel much longer than the very short calyx;
petals pink. Southern Brazil and (?) Trinidad...............-.-
AOTC ee eee Coo Oo igr ere P. castaneaefolia St. Hil. & Naud.

42. Middle awn shorter than the carpel-body; leaves cuneate-lanceolate,
about 14 as wide as long, appressed-hispidulous on both surfaces
(then glabrescent?); involucel about 3 times as long as the calyx;
petals white, 12-13 mm. long. Carpels elongate, narrow, carinate,
rugose-veiny, glabrous. Brazil, Peru. .P. Warmingiana Guerke. Note 31

43. Involucel of 4 bractlets, these distinct or nearly so, broadly ovate, 13-16
mm. long and nearly as wide at the cordate base. Herbage densely

MAY, 1958] SOUTH AMERICAN PAVONIA 231

pubescent; leaves ovate, cordate or subcordate, irregularly dentate
(44).

43. Involucel, except rarely in P. Hassleriana and P. lanata, of more than
4 bractlets, these usually much narrower and not cordate (45).

44. Herbage velutinous with short, stellate hairs; leaves 1.5-2 times as
long as wide; calyx 8-10 mm. long, the lobes deltoid-lanceolate; petals
about 30 mm. long, the color unknown; carpels 3.5-4 mm. long,
obovoid-trigonous, reticulate-veiny and nodulose-tuberculate. Brazil
(Matto Grosso, Minas Geraes) and Bolivia...... P. Garckeana Guerke

44. Herbage hirsute-tomentose with rather long, few-armed hairs; leaves
little longer than wide; calyx 15-20 mm. long, the lobes oblong-ovate;
petals about 45 mm. long, red; carpels 8 mm. long, oblong in outline,
slightly curved, not evidently veined, smooth. Brazil (Maranhao, Para)
PE StS Me ete RE RA RNS cits Ak hee Be ss P. Ulbrichiana Kearney

45. Bractlets normally 5, exceptionally 6 or 7. Petals white, pink, purplish,
or red, often with a dark purple basal spot. Note 32. (46).

45. Bractlets normally 6 or more (77).

46. Leaves (except occasionally or normally in P. belophylla, P. hastata,
P. lanata, P. nana, P. pulchra, P. rhodantha, and perhaps P. con-
sobrina) relatively narrow, mostly less than 14 as wide as long, sagit-
tate or hastate (exceptionally truncate or subcordate) at base, not
otherwise lobed. Note 33. (47).

46. Leaves (except in P. Schrankii) relatively broad, mostly 14 as wide as
long or longer, mostly cordate or subcordate at base, sometimes lobed
above the base (66).

47. Calyx-lobes (in P. Hoehnei?, P. lanata?) 3-nerved; involucel-bractlets
(except in P. rhodantha and perhaps also P. Hoehnei, P. lanata, and
P. nana) commonly 5-nerved (48).

47. Calyx-lobes (except occasionally in P. hastata?) more or less distinctly
5-nerved; bractlets 3-5-nerved. Note 34. (55).

48.Carpels (in P. lanata?) smooth, obscurely to conspicuously (but not
prominently) veined or marbled. Leaves more or less discolorous,
ovate- to oblong-lanceolate, 14-14 as wide as long, deeply and narrowly
sagittate or subhastate, often reflexed; flowers solitary in the axils;
involucel slightly shorter than the calyx (49).

48. Carpels prominently reticulate or tuberculate (50).

49. Herbage velutinous or subhirsute with rather long hairs; leaves acutish,
denticulate, up to 10 cm. long; involucel calyx-like, of 5 (exceptionally
6) bractlets, these united below (often to the middle), the lobes ovate
or obovate, obtuse, 3-6 mm. wide at base; petals 20-25 mm. long.
Carpels strongly carinate, pubescent or puberulent. Brazil.......
Drab eirecnd be cul oe ue ee R hen hy P. sagittata A. Juss. Note 35

49. Herbage densely but loosely white-pubescent; leaves narrowed to an
obtuse apex, subentire, up to 4.5 cm. long; involucel of 5 (rarely 4)
bractlets, these distinct (?), oblong-lanceolate, acute, 2-3 mm. - wide;
petals about 10 mm. long. Fruit unknown. Brazil...............

Leo Peneieee es oe anaes cist See sbeerelare eCiceig ot # sc RaRe P. lanata R. E. Fries. Note 36

232 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VIII, NO. 10

50. Leaves discolorous, more densely pubescent (tomentose) on the lower
surface. Carpels very rugose and with prominent tubercles (51).

50. Leaves not conspicuously discolorous, about equally pubescent on both
surfaces or more so above (53).

51. Bractlets shorter than the calyx, broadly ovate or suborbicular (Note
37); petals rose (without basal spot?), about 20 mm. long. Leaves 144-%
as wide as'long. Brazil (Sa0’Paulo) .....).....<..ts«0 Je¢ eee
ee ere ot P. Hoehnei E. G. Baker var. oblongifolia R. E. Fries

51. Bractlets equaling or longer than the calyx or, if shorter, then narrower
than in P. Hoehnei; petals pink with a dark purple basal spot. Leaves
sagittate or hastate, crenate-dentate (52).

52. Peduncles 1-3 cm. long; bractlets cuneate-obovate (exceptionally ob-
long?) united toward base, 8-9 mm. long, about equaling the calyx;
petals 20-25 mm. long; leaves 44-12 as wide as long. Brazil, Uruguay,
PAPER We a's sis cin Aw ges tek Sider es Bea sa P. Urbaniana Guerke

52. Peduncles 2-4 cm. long; bractlets linear-oblong or linear, distinct (?),
(9?) 14-15 mm. long, considerably longer than the calyx; petals 30-35
mm. long; leaves 4-14 as wide as long. Brazil.................-
iin ie erate atin ln antenna ou aaa | cranial P. Malmeana R. E. Fries

53. Bractlets much shorter than the calyx, suborbicular, very hirsute, 3-
nerved; carpels rugose-tuberculate. Leaves %-44 as wide as long,
strigose-hirsute on both surfaces with long, few-armed hairs, the pu-
bescence golden-yellow or ferruginous; petals deep red, 14 mm. long.
arAQU AY. <pirx hone eile 20s. Seat ees canine tent P. rhodantha Hochr.

53. Bractlets longer than the calyx; carpels reticulate, not tuberculate.
Petals 15-17 mm. long. (54).

54. Leaves 1.5-4 cm. long, about 4 as wide as long, deeply sagittate, often
reflexed, sparsely stellate-puberulent or glabrescent, ciliate on the
margin with long, simple hairs; bractlets lanceolate or ovate-lanceo-
late, ciliate, 10-15 mm. long. Southern Brazil ....P. reticulata Garcke

54. Leaves not more than 1.5 cm. long, 34 as wide as long, loosely stellate-
pubescent on both surfaces with long hairs; bractlets (rarely 6) linear
or linear-oblanceolate, 6-9 mm. long. Petals red. Uruguay........

SEO nod. COpGsa0 Come oy dooce tySecoe sobenedo Ulan l. P. nana R. E. Fries

55. Bractlets (rarely 6) linear or lanceolate. Leaves %4-14 as wide as long,
glabrous on both surfaces or sparsely stellate-pubescent on the veins;
corolla pink, with a purple center; carpels obsoletely carinate, with
3 or 4 prominent transverse ridges, not muricate. Argentina (Misiones)
nid Sime hth 400 a Bal gehen ee aaa Pee. Oe ee P. psilophylla Ekman. Note 38

55. Bractlets broader, mostly (except in P. Guerkeana) obovate or spatu-
late (56).

56. Herbage with minute, pluricellular, capitellate, glandular hairs as well
as stellate hairs. Leaves about 34 as wide as long; bractlets spatulate-
lanceolate, shorter than the calyx; petals up to 25 mm. long, pink
with a dark purple basal spot; carpels described as not or obsoletely
carinate, rugose-reticulate and somewhat tuberculate. Paraguay,
Arpentina 5.22536 «dresses sae de P. xanthogloea Ekman. Note 39

56. Herbage not glandular (57).

MAY, 1958] SOUTH AMERICAN PAVONIA 233

57. Carpels strongly reticulate and (or) more or less tuberculate or muricate.
Leaves sagittate, more or less discolorous, 14-14 as wide as long;
bractlets shorter than the calyx (58).

57. Carpels conspicuously reticulate but the reticulation less elevated, not
(or exceptionally slightly?) tuberculate or muricate, strongly cari-
nate (59).

58. Leaves about 3 times as long as wide, acute, regularly serrate, often
reflexed; bractlets ovate-elliptic; carpels strongly reticulate and with
2 minute, subapical tubercles. Corolla not described. Brazil (Rio de
Janerro; Minas Geraes): os ses. 55 sashes ois P. prionophylla R. E. Fries

58. Leaves about 4 times as long as wide, acuminate, coarsely toothed; bract-
lets lanceolate to ovate; carpels sharply muricate-tuberculate. Corolla
rose with a dark purple center, up to 30 mm. long. Brazil (Minas
Geraes; Parana): 2. 2.201 6 5 d5 2's sisi P. Guerkeana R. E. Fries. Note 40

59. Corolla about 6 mm. long, scarcely surpassing the calyx. Bractlets linear
or narrowly oblanceolate-oblong, distinctly longer than the calyx;
peduncles not longer than the petiole; carpels strongly carinate,
liehtly reticulate. Uruguay, ATPentinal. 32.1.0...) db ya wes baer wed
Sate gtndatec Maou sacee gaa teak P. consobrina N. E. Brown. Note 41

59. Corolla larger (60).

60. Calyx with broad, subcordate, connivent lobes; petals red, 20-30 mm.
long. Leaves 44 to equally as wide as long, deeply cordate-sagittate;
bractlets (occasionally 6?) ovate or somewhat obovate. Brazil, Para-
PRIA piesa eae eae rais A tie a8 wine 9 aan aon Ses P. belophylla Hochr. Note 42

60. Calyx not as in the preceding (or somewhat so in P. pulchra); petals
rose with a dark purple basal spot (61).

. Bractlets very broad, ovate, 5-6 mm. wide, nearly concealing the calyx;
leaves ¥3-l4 as wide as long, subhastate-subcordate, silky beneath,
glabrescent above. Petals about 15 mm. long; fruit unknown. Argen-
tina (Catamarca) ....... Mie seed PRs ein dee arnt s P. eurychlamys Ulbr.

61. Bractlets narrower, not concealing the calyx; leaves 14 to equally as

; wide as long, more or less sagittate at base (62).

62. Petals 30-40 mm. long; leaves less than twice as long as wide, deltoid-
ovate, deeply subhastate-cordate. Bractlets linear-lanceolate, tomen-
tose; calyx longer than the involucel, the broad lobes cordate; petals
pale pink with a very dark purple base. Paraguay...............
BORA LED coene Sees RREOM clash oy WSIS cla cua wt ohio P. pulchra Hochr. Note 43

62. Petals mostly not more than 25 mm. long; leaves mostly 2 or more times
as long as wide. Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, Chile.
Varieties and forms of P. hastata Cav. (63).

63. Leaves nearly concolorous (64).

63. Leaves distinctly discolorous, whitish beneath (65).

64. Herbage glabrous or glabrate...... P. hastata var. glabriuscula Guerke

64. Herbage pubescent ........ P. hastata var. subconcolor Hassler. Note 44

65) Leaves‘oblong or lanceolate 0. 01050 i. . eSecc cease ates seston.

a athe P. hastata var. pubescens Guerke f. longifolia Guerke. Note 45

65. Leaves suborbicular or broadly ovate, sometimes wider than long, sub-
TEMILOLM. 62/122 P. hastata var. pubescens f. brevifolia Guerke. Note 46

6

—

234 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _[VOL. VIII, NO. 10

66. Leaves (all or some of them) usually more or less distinctly lobed above
the base (67).

66. Leaves (so far as is known, except occasionally in P. mattogrossensis
and (?) P. commutata) not lobed above the base (69).

67. Carpels prominently tuberculate-cristate; petals not more than 20 mm.
long. Herbage copiously glandular; leaves cordate, nearly concolor-
ous, thin, 34 to nearly as wide as long; flowers solitary in the axils,
often crowded at ends of the stem and branches; bractlets linear or
lanceolate, usually about 14 as long as the calyx; petals rose-purple.
NorthernAreentiam 3). 6 i205 2520 als oop tae P. missionum Ekman

67.Carpels not tuberculate, lightly reticulate; petals 25-30 mm. long.
Leaves often shallowly lobed; bractlets (sometimes 6) about as long as
the calyx (68).

68. Flowers in corymbs of 2-6; bractlets broadly lanceolate, 5-nerved; petals
25 min. long, white. Pararuay 25 sans vais sens P. Hassleriana Chod.

68. Flowers in a lax panicle with very slender branchlets and peduncles;
bractlets linear, 3-nerved; petals about 10 mm. long, drying pink.
Brazil (Matto Groms0)) 5. 6 vise ns saan ase P. gracilis R. E. Fries. Note 47

69. Bractlets united well above the base (70).

69. Bractlets distinct or nearly so (73).

70. Calyx little if any longer than the involucel. Leaves pubescent above (71).

70. Calyx distinctly longer than the involucel. Petals 20-25 mm. long;
carpels carinate and tuberculate (72).

71. Involucel-lobes relatively narrow, more than 3 times as long as wide,
united only near the base; petals white, 35-40 mm. long, much longer
than the involucel; leaves 24-44 as wide as long; carpels tuberculate-
COIst Ate. PATA RUAN, 510s s9hep let. oi swiss wate tadiers P. sapucayensis Hassler

71. Involucel-lobes relatively broad, ovate or deltoid; petals scarlet, much
less than 35 mm. long, scarcely longer than the involucel; leaves 14
as wide as long; carpels obscurely reticulate. Brazil..............
mienis st Sate curds a ctcuabapalciega kai) <lcuetan tere mia P. latifolia (Nees & Mart.) Spreng.

72. Herbage rather coarsely pubescent; leaves coarsely dentate, 4%4-%4 as
wide as long; involucel-bractlets united nearly 14 their length; carpels
broadly. obovoid. Brantl.1...09 5.05 1taneevhop len P. commutata Garcke

72. Herbage finely puberulent; leaves obscurely and remotely crenate-
serrulate, 24-34 as wide as long, the margins more or less revolute;
involucel-bractlets united about 14 their length; carpels narrowly
obovoid. Leaves discolorous; petals drying rose. Brazil............

«jaye exe edephtvale doy Keaton delat, Saha aetnath Oak = a oR a anes P. Engleriana Guerke

73. Petals (30?) 35-40 mm. long. Involucel shorter to somewhat longer than
the calyx (74).

73. Petals not more than 30 mm. long (75).

74. Herbage without glandular hairs, copiously hirsute with relatively long,
stellate hairs; bractlets oblong-ovate or lanceolate; leaves ovate, ovate-
oblong, or elliptic-lanceolate, 4-14 as wide as long, acute or acumi-
nate, rounded or subcordate at base, deeply serrate; petals red or
sometimes white; carpels very tuberculate-rugose. Brazil, Argentina
wis wshpyoi aa! a0, Syoilidyel alah haba balan lyapidhe: ote male Marten P. Schrankii Spreng. Note 48

MAY, 1958] SOUTH AMERICAN PAVONIA 235

74. Herbage with glandular hairs; bractlets linear-lanceolate; leaves broadly
ovate, 34 to nearly as wide as long, acute, deeply cordate; petals white
with a purple basal spot; carpels prominently rugose-reticulate. Bract-
lets rarely 6 in number. Paraguay................. P. Rojasii Hassler

75. Bractlets broadly ovate or suborbicular, much shorter than the calyx.
Leaves 14-3 as wide as long, crenate-serrate, discolorous, cinereous-
velutinous beneath; petals rose, about 20 mm. long; fruit unknown.

BS ee Wey en Se ee ete P. Hoehnei E. G. Baker. Note 49
75. Bractlets narrower. Carpels carinate; leaves cordate with an open sinus
(76).

76.Stems more or less decumbent; leaves suborbicular or subreniform to
ovate, about as wide as long, deeply crenate or crenate-dentate; bract-
lets (sometimes 6) shorter than to about equaling the calyx, lanceo-
late or spatulate; petals white, with a dark purple basal spot, 20-25
mm. long; carpels reticulate-rugose, pubescent. Brazil, Bolivia, Uru-
guay, Argentina, and (?) Chile .............. P. glechomoides A. Juss.

76.Stems (presumably) erect or ascending; leaves ovate (to nearly quad-
rate?), 14 to equally as wide as long, shallowly crenate-dentate; bract-
lets slightly longer than the calyx, narrowly oblong or lanceolate;
petals (when dry) white with a yellowish base, 25-30 mm. long; carpels
tuberculate. Leaves (in var. lobata Hassler) distinctly but shallowly
3-lobed. Brazil, Paraguay ...... P. mattogrossensis R. E. Fries. Note 50

77. Bractlets of the involucel seldom more than 9. Note 51. (78).

77. Bractlets (except occasionally in P. Balansae, P. spinistipula, and P.
surumuensis) 10 or more (94).

78. Flowers usually clustered, the inflorescences corymbose, racemose, or
paniculate (79).

78. Flowers solitary or sometimes geminate in the leaf-axils (83).

79. Inflorescence an open, usually leafy panicle, the flowers often subcorym-
bosely clustered at ends of the branchlets. Herbage usually glandular-
pilose, the stems with or without long, spreading hairs; leaves ovate
(usually broadly so), often more or less trilobate (rarely deeply so);
bractlets 6-12, subulate or filiform, much longer than the calyx;
petals yellow, 10-12 (15?) mm. long; carpels obovoid-trigonous, muti-
cous, rugose-reticulate. Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil,
(and northern Argentina’); North America. P. paniculata Cav. Note 52

79. Inflorescence otherwise (80).

80. Flowers (the lower ones) rather long-pedunculate, in a (usually elon-
gate) very open, terminal raceme; petals usually about 2 cm. long,
yellow, yellowish, or greenish-white. Plants mostly litoral, sometimes
growing in mangrove swamps, shrubby or arborescent; herbage stel-
late-tomentulose or -pilosulous, then glabrescent; leaves usually sharp-
ly long-acuminate, the margin entire or sparingly denticulate; bract-
lets lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate; carpels elongate, rather narrowly
obovoid-trigonous, prominently keeled, lightly reticulate (81).

80. Flowers mostly in corymbiform, short-stalked clusters at ends of the
stem and branches; petals up to 5 cm. long (82).

236 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VIII, NO. 10

81. Leaves broadly ovate or suborbicular, more or less cordate at base, 5—7-
nerved from the base; bractlets 6-10, usually longer than the calyx;
carpels with 3 thick, triangular, apical crests, these sometimes obscure.
Northern South America; North America..... P. spicata Cav. Note 53

81. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, elliptic, or (exceptionally) slightly obovate, sub-
cuneate at base, 3-nerved from the base; bractlets 5-8, about 34 as long
as the calyx; carpels with a stout apical cusp. Colombia ..........
Vee he ae See E OG ead okt es Ree eR P. Rhizophorae Killip

82. Leaves 1-nerved, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 149-14 as wide as long;
bractlets (occasionally 10) subulate-filiform, shorter than the calyx;
petals 4 cm. long; carpels distinctly transverse-rugose. Guiana, Brazil
Sih nt mie AY A walls sed p Sad dae pe cab Me) oie ta a ee a P. angustifolia Benth.

82. Leaves 5- or more-nerved, suborbicular to oblong-elliptic, 14 to nearly
as wide as long, rounded or subcordate at base, subsessile or shortly
petiolate; bractlets lanceolate-spatulate to nearly filiform, nearly
equaling to somewhat longer than the calyx; petals 2-5 cm. long, red
with a dark purple basal spot; carpels rather obscurely transverse-
veiny, dehiscent, splitting into 2 valves. Herbage densely hirsute or
tomentose with (usually long) yellowish, stellate hairs; flowers very
shortly pedunculate, mostly in small clusters, exceptionally solitary.
Colombia, Venezuela, Guiana, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay...........
ie ee Ps « ted AR A Sele prin Cob a comes P. speciosa H.B.K. Note 54

83. Petals 4-7 mm. long, white. Stems cinereous-puberulent, sometimes also
sparsely hirsute with very long and fine, simple hairs; leaves ovate to
lanceolate, rounded to shallowly cordate at base, long-acuminate,
crenate-serrate, inconspicuously pubescent or puberulent; flowers soli-
tary in the axils, long-pedunculate; involucel of 6-8, linear, acute,
hirsute-ciliate bractlets; carpels subrotund, muticous, smooth and
nearly glabrous, thin-walled, very dehiscent. Panama and Colombia
Release at kas eral a cintee peel as <n enya ineiies P. alba Seem. Note 55

83. Petals 10 mm. or longer and (except in P. albiflora) yellow or purple (84).

84. Involucel less than 14 as long as the calyx, the bractlets linear, glandular-
tomentose. Herbage glandular-pubescent; leaves sessile or nearly so,
suborbicular, sharply dentate, up to 3 cm. long, crowded at ends of
the branches; petals purple; carpels rugulose-veiny, shortly appressed-
pubescent; Brazil (Balaia), <4)... 625% presi ws a arapaiee P. almasana Ulbr.

84. Involucel from nearly as long as to longer than the calyx (85).

85. Bractlets suborbicular or rounded-spatulate, 1.5 times as long as the
calyx. Leaves cordate at base; petals 15-17 mm. long, lemon-yellow;
carpels glabrous, nearly smooth. Paraguay...............++++++
‘nat wtnplenta wiped Snobs goes sipaeaimaten date P. platyloba R. E. Fries. Note 55a

85. Bractlets linear or lanceolate (86).

86. Petals white, without a basal spot, (18) 20-28 mm. long. Herbage glandu-
lar; leaves ovate, cordate, caudate-acuminate; bractlets 7-9, very acute,
nearly twice as long as the calyx; carpels muticous, glabrous (or min-
utely puberulent?), nearly smooth. Ecuador... .P. albiflora R. E. Fries

86. Petals yellow or rose with or without a basal spot (87).

MAY, 1958] SOUTH AMERICAN PAVONIA 237

87. Corolla rose with a dark purple center, 18-25 mm. long. Herbage usually
stellate-tomentose and with very long, simple hairs and also glandular
hairs; leaves narrowly ovate to suborbicular, cordate, acute to long-
acuminate, sometimes obscurely sublobate; flowers solitary or gemi-
nate, long-pedunculate; involucel of 7-9 bractlets, these 1-2 mm. wide,
longer than the calyx, up to 3 times as long; carpels rugose-reticulate
dorsally, the margins nodulose-tuberculate. Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,
PARAS Aoi nin ieregr dun darces emrmibareid Sete oa Ge Se P. mollis H.B.K. Note 56

87. Corolla yellow or yellowish, with or without a dark center (88).

88. Carpels conspicuously mucronate, or else wing-margined (89).

88. Carpels muticous or mucronulate. Flowers solitary, often somewhat
clustered at apex of stem and branches (90).

89. Flowers mostly in pairs; carpels not wing-margined; herbage viscid, with
numerous glandular hairs; bractlets 7-9 (10), narrowly linear, nearly
twice as long as the calyx; petals 11-13 mm. long; carpels glabrous,
somewhat rugose-reticulate toward the margins, acutely mucronate.
Guiana and Brazil (Bahia, Ceara, Rio de Janeiro) ...............
Dero eMa oe SUR tate seedie oes ede: oe bee ees P. geminiflora Moric.

89. Flowers solitary; carpels wing-margined; herbage not glandular; bract-
lets 6 or 7, linear, 3 times as long as the calyx; petals about 24 mm.
aie WParastay 5 :% nd. saessdsle atin P. apiculata R. E. Fries. Note 57

90. Carpels muticous, not (?) crested; petals 13-14 mm. long, without basal
spot, the claws glabrous. Leaves deltoid or deltoid-ovate, sometimes
subhastately angulate at base; bractlets 6-8, linear, 1.5-2 times as long
as the calyx. Brazil (Matto Grosso) ......... P. immaculata R. E. Fries

90. Carpels with a low, laterally flattened apical crest (elevated portion of
the midrib); petals seldom less than 15 mm. long, the claws (in P.
campestris?) pubescent. Note 58. (91).

91. Stems hirsute with very long, simple hairs, intermixed with short, simple
and stellate hairs and (usually numerous) glandular hairs; corolla
often without a dark center. Bractlets 6-8 (rarely more?), up to 2.5
mm. wide (92).

91.Stems puberulent or tomentose, sometimes also sparsely villous with
long, simple hairs, with few or no glandular hairs; corolla neatly
with a conspicuous dark center (93).

92. Bractlets obtuse or acutish, about 1.5 times as long as the calyx. Argen-
tina and Bolivial 225/222 Abide ee wee he P. argentina Guerke. Note 59

92. Bractlets acute, 2-2.5 times as long as the calyx. Paraguay ..........

Dc UES och GRA OD MUe De ABT patos sate P. campestris R. E. Fries. Note 60

93. Stems puberulent or short-villous, the plants not conspicuously pubes-
cent; bractlets usually 2-3 times as long as the calyx, narrowly linear,
seldom more and often less than 1 mm. wide. Flowers on long, spread-
ing peduncles, these up to 9 cm. long. Brazil, Bolivia (?), Paraguay,
PRED RULUGH «i iorete nee ei ree alee seat P. Hieronymi Guerke. Note 61

93. Stems more or less tomentose, the plants conspicuously soft-pubescent;
bractlets usually about twice as long as the calyx, lanceolate or linear-
lanceolate, (1) 2-3 (4) mtn. wide. Peru, Venezuela, Guiana, Bolivia,
Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina ............. P. sidifolia H.B.K. Note 62

238 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VIII, NO. 10

94. Bractlets 10-14 or (in P. Balansae, P. melanostyla?, P. orbicularis, P.
speciosa, P. spinistipula, P. surumuensis) sometimes fewer than 10,
occasionally (in P. laetevirens, P. subhastata, and ? P. pterocarpa) as
many as 15 or 16 (95).

94. Bractlets 15 or more, or (occasionally in P. piauhyensis) only 14 (111).

95. Petals (except sometimes in P. speciosa and ? P. orbicularis) 3 cm. or
longer (96).

95. Petals mostly less than 3 cm. long (103).

96. Carpels apically cornute, pubescent. Stems tomentose; leaves often sub-
trilobate, tomentose on both surfaces; flowers solitary in the axils;
bractlets 9-11, linear, equaling or somewhat shorter than the calyx;
petals 30-35 mm. long (97).

96. Carpels not cornute, or (in P. orbicularis?) slightly so (98).

97. Leaves subsessile, narrowed or subcordate at base, up to 7 cm. long and
less than 44 as wide; bractlets about 10 mm. long; corolla campanulate,
lilac, the petals obovate, nearly 14 as wide as long; carpels about 5
mm. long, with 2 lateral, triangular horns. Brazil (Amazon region)

5 sie ahh Meas daa astclate Wik o ncix a oid ee wr SNe we P. surumuensis Ulbr.

97. Leaves distinctly petioled, cordate at base, 3-6 cm. long and nearly as
wide; bractlets about 17 mm. long; corolla tubular-campanulate,
drying pinkish-yellow, the petals narrowly lanceolate; carpels about
10 mm. long, with 5 short, obtuse apical horns. Brazil (Bahia) ....
PED is MED a weet ees daca tetas P. Zehntneri Ulbr. Note 63

98. Flowers mostly crowded at apex of the stem and branches, very short-
pedunculate; bractlets oblanceolate to nearly filiform, 8-12 in num-
ber, nearly equaling to somewhat longer than the calyx. Stems
densely hirsute or tomentose with usually long hairs; leaves subor-
bicular to oblong-elliptic, rounded or subcordate at base, subsessile
or short-petiolate; petals 20-50 mm. long, red with a dark purple
basal spot; carpels 4-5 mm. long, very obtuse, muticous, rather ob-
scurely transverse-veiny. Colombia, Venezuela, Guiana, Brazil, Para-
CRAY oy nk atmos canes aA mapas > Ewen AY P. speciosa H. B. K. Note 64

98. Flowers mostly solitary in the axils, long-pedunculate; bractlets subu-
late or filiform (99).

99. Petals white, sometimes with a red base; stems hispid with long (2-3
mm.), 2-6-armed hairs, also glandular; bractlets shorter than the
calyx. Leaves oval, elliptic, or suborbicular, 44-24 as wide as long;
bractlets about 12, from 12-17 mm. long, hispid like the stems; car-
pels 7 mm. long, rugulose, very minutely and sparsely glandular.
PALAPUAY: <i). 5. 5a2 sib ine Uadecleine duane eG aan oem P. aspera Hassler

99. Petals not white; stems more or less tomentose, often with fewer long,
spreading, simple hairs; bractlets equaling or longer than the calyx
(100).

100. Stems densely glandular-tomentose; petals about 45 mm. long, pink;
carpels narrowly winged toward base, 6.5 mm. long. Leaves rounded-
ovate, acute, cordate at base, 4-6 cm. long and very nearly as wide;
bractlets about 14, terete, 20 mm. long and barely 1 mm. wide.
Brazil (Minds ‘Geraes) 003... cee ee P. pterocarpa R. E. Fries

MAY, 1958] SOUTH AMERICAN PAVONIA 239

100. Stems not glandular, or sparsely so in P. orbicularis; petals less than 45
mm. long; carpels not winged, 5-6 mm. long (101).

101. Leaves rather deeply 3-lobed, the lobes rather coarsely crenate-serrate;
bractlets nearly twice as long as the calyx. Corolla yellow, tinged
with red; carpels trigonous-obovoid, rugose. Paraguay ..........
PS Pepi aie aa St St siaid Pia dmt ae atarkts tats aie'e P. patuliloba Hochr. Note 65

101. Leaves not or obscurely lobed; bractlets about equaling the calyx (102).

102. Herbage velutinous; leaves 144-4% as wide as long, broadly ovate or sub-
orbicular, deeply cordate at base; bractlets 12, from 15-17 (22?) mm.
long; petals 35-40 mm. long, pink with a deep red basal spot; carpels
reticulate-veiny on the back, smooth on the sides. Brazil (southern)
PRM OCIS Soin ental aco e SNE Fae Betis neha dere P. grandiflora A. Juss.

102. Herbage hirsute and subtomentose; leaves often wider than long, or-
bicular or reniform, not angulate, cordate or subcordate at base;
bractlets 9-11, from 9-13 mm. long; petals 20(?)-30 mm. long, in
anthesis bright yellow with a purple basal spot; carpels rugose with
(usually) 3 transverse ridges. Paraguay, Argentina (Corrientes). . .
WMP eter iste sie ais cya e nistetaiclserelatsey eee ale P. orbicularis Ulbr. Note 65a

103. Bractlets (2?) 3-4 times as long as the calyx; carpels 7-9 mm. long,
shortly rostrate, reticulate-rugose. Plants shrubby; stems more or less
densely stellate-puberulent and usually also hirsute with very long
and fine, simple hairs; leaves ovate or suborbicular, acute or acutish,
the larger ones 2-5 (8?) cm. long and nearly as wide; flowers solitary
or in small, apical clusters; bractlets 10-14, lanceolate, long-ciliate,
8-16 mm. long; petals red or pink, 15-25 mm. long. Brazil, northern
EUMPERMAILE teal ipit et vas hae ede tes Sones P. rosa-campestris Juss.

103. Bractlets not more than twice as long as the calyx; carpels not more
(usually less) than 7 mm. long (104).

104, Petals 20 mm. or longer. Bractlets subulate-filiform, more or less ar-
cuate (105).

104. Petals (except sometimes in P. Balansae?) less than 20 mm. long. Flowers
clustered at ends of the branchlets or the lower ones solitary (108).
105. Leaves not lobed; petals red, 22-25 mm. long. Stems hispid with very
long, spreading or retrorse, simple hairs, also stellate-pubescent;
leaves long-petioled, ovate, cordate, about 14 as wide as long; stipules
spreading, subulate-filiform, almost spinose, persistent; flowers soli-
tary in the axils; bractlets 9-12, about twice as long as the calyx,
25-30 mm. long; carpels 6-7 mm. long, glabrous, obscurely rugose,

3-mucronate. Brazil (Bahia) .........5.6++ss00% P. spinistipula Guerke
105. Leaves normally lobed; petals yellow, 15-25 (35?) mm. long. Bractlets
10-16 (106).

106. Herbage with very short, glandular and long, non-glandular, very slen-
der, simple hairs; leaves elongate, usually subhastately lobed at base,
up to 12 cm. long. Plants shrubby; flowers solitary in the axils, some-
what crowded at ends of stem and branches, rather long-peduncu-
late; bractlets subulate-filiform, usually considerably longer than the
calyx, conspicuously hirsute with long, simple hairs; carpels obovoid-

240 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VIII, NO. 10

trigonous, reticulate-rugose, glabrous, 4-5 mm. long. Colombia, Ecua-
dor, (Brazil?, Paraguay?, Argentina?) ...........---..+2-eeeeeeee
Acid iced. tind renal PRN See ae P. subhastata Tr. & Planch. Note 66

106. Herbage eglandular; leaves broad, palmately lobed. Flowers mostly in
corymbiform clusters (107).

107. Stems stellate-tomentose; carpels 5-6 mm. long, conspicuously veiny
(almost cristate) on the sides. Brazil (Matto Grosso) .............

Bem i epee a A esha te UN i Pad Na ree eta od ee me P. opulifolia $. Moore

107. Stems rather sparsely pubescent with strigillose, stellate hairs, these
papillate at base, also with a line of tomentum; carpels scarcely 5
mm. long, reticulate-rugose and somewhat tuberculate at apex, ir-
regularly triquetrous. Paraguay and (?) northern Argentina .....
is Wt apd sda ladae sas Be URE Oe Eke P. vitifolia Hochr. Note 67

108. Leaves 1-nerved from the base, lanceolate, not more than 14 as wide as
long, obtuse or rounded at base; petals red, 11-12 mm. long. Stems
subtomentose with short stellate hairs; carpels 3-3.5 mm. long, rugose.
Bravil (Minas Ceraes) 525 anus power en's te ane P. Schwackei Guerke

108. Leaves with 3 or more nerves from the base; petals yellow (109).

109. Bractlets thick, subterete, nerveless, tomentose. Herbage velutinous;
leaves broadly ovate or suborbicular, deeply cordate, sometimes ob-
scurely trilobate; flowers solitary in the axils and somewhat crowded
apically; bractlets 9-11, up to 1.5 times as long as the calyx; petals
13-16 (20?) mm. long; carpels 4-5 mm. long, muticous, obscurely
rugose-reticulate, splitting into 2 valves at maturity. Paraguay ...
ree: Pree hoe tet! Se ae P. Balansae Guerke. Note 67a

109. Bractlets otherwise (110).

110. Leaves elongate, normally subhastately lobed; petals 15 mm. long;
carpels 4-5 mm. long. (See also first paragraph 106.) ............

6's yh air de Fa Siacan a m tehe Laea oe 2B eat ool a P. subhastata Tr. & Planch.

110. Leaves not (?) elongate and subhastately lobed; petals about 10 mm.
long; carpels 3.5 mm. long. Stems glandular-pilose and with longer,
rigid, simple hairs; leaves round-ovate, oblong, or lanceolate, some-
times angulate or shallowly 3—5-lobed; bractlets 13-15, twice as long
as the calyx; petals yellow or orange (?), somewhat more deeply
colored at base; carpels glabrous, somewhat reticulate. Brazil (Matto
Grosso) 20 ae elem tear eres P. laetevirens R. E. Fries. Note 68

111. Androecium 10-11 cm. long, very slender, very long-exserted. Stems
velutinous-tomentose; leaves ovate or suborbicular, 7-9 cm. long and
nearly as wide; flowers solitary, bractlets 19-22, linear-subulate,
(20) 25-27 mm. long, about equaling the calyx; petals about 30 mm.
long, yellow with red basal spot and veins; styles 1 cm. longer than
the stamen-column. Brazil (Bahia, Minas Geraes) ..............
gold sales ee Le a aoe tea gee eS P. macrostyla Guerke. Note 69

111. Androecium much less than 10 cm. long, not exserted (112).

112. Stems prostrate; carpels usually 3-mucronate or 3-cuspidate, the cusps
much shorter than the body of the carpel, usually stout. Flowers soli-
tary, the peduncles elongate; bractlets 14-18, very narrow, conspicu-
ously hirsute or hispid (in P. cochensis?), longer than the calyx (115).

MAY, 1958] SOUTH AMERICAN PAVONIA 241

112. Stems mostly erect or ascending; carpels not tricuspidate (115).

113. Leaves ovate, not (?) lobed, 3 cm. long and nearly as wide; bractlets
about 10 mm. long. Corolla and stamens unknown. Venezuela (Coche
WEAN, goo. cir afc crore oie vs sett MORON P. cochensis J. R. Johnst. Note 71

113. Leaves more or less deltoid, often angulate-lobed; bractlets mostly more
than 10 mm. long. Stamen-column antheriferous to the base; petals
yellow; carpels rugose (114).

114. Petals 18-25 mm. long, with a dark purple basal spot; stems usually
more or less hirsute with long, simple hairs, sometimes also glandular-
pubescent; leaves subdeltoid, often trilobate, deeply cordate or hastate-
cordate, up to 5 (6) cm. long, about as wide as long; bractlets 9-15 mm.
long, distinct; androecium 10 mm. long; carpels with sharp edges or
narrowly winged, shortly triaristate to merely 3-mucronate. Colom-
bia, Venezuela, Guiana, Brazil, Bolivia ....... P. cancellata (L.f.) Cav.

114. Petals 30-40 mm. long, without (?) a basal spot; stems velutinous,
usually without long, simple hairs; leaves deltoid, more or less 3-5-
lobed, up to 8 cm. long, usually wider than long; bractlets 15-20 mm.
long; androecium 20-25 mm. long; carpels not winged, 3-mucronate
or 3-cuspidate. Brazil (Bahia, Alagoas, Rio de Janeiro) ..........

2 Vol AiR BCP Oe, SS Ti Siri) = Sian ick tek) ror eet P. humifusa Juss.

115. Corolla not more than 15 mm. long (116).

115. Corolla not less than 25 mm. long (117).

116. Stems velutinous; leaves deeply 3-5-lobed, up to 10 cm. long, 34 to
nearly as wide as long; bractlets lanate; petals purple, 12-15 mm.
long; androecium 3-—% as long as the petals; styles not exserted;
carpels muticous or nearly so. Leaves very variable in shape. Brazil
(AL) Coes Pe i id Sea eng eae ae P. piauhyensis Ulbr.

116. Stems glandular-tomentose, soon glabrescent; leaves deltoid-ovate, shal-
lowly 3-lobed, up to 4 cm. long, 14-5 as wide as long; bractlets densely
hirsute; petals purple to blood-red, 10-12 mm. long; androecium
equaling the petals; styles exserted; carpels (as described) short-awned
apically and dorsally. Brazil (Bahia) ....... P. Philippi Ulbr. Note 72

117. Petals 45-50 mm. long. Herbage densely velutinous; leaves broadly ovate
or suborbicular, the nerves very prominent beneath, the lower leaves
5-6 cm. long and equally wide; flowers solitary, rather long-pedun-
culate; bractlets 16-17, subulate-filiform, 20-30 cm. long, 1.5 times as
long as the calyx; androecium about 44 as long as the petals; carpels
5 mm. long, muticous, obscurely reticulate-rugose, narrowly mar-
gined toward base, glabrous. Brazil (Goyaz, Matto Grosso) .......
De IAS Ac selene atts RIL ea he » Benet ope ee P. Pohlii Guerke. Note 73

117. Petals not more than 35 mm. long (118).

118. Bractlets shorter than to only slightly longer than the long, narrow
calyx; carpels 6-7 mm. long, muticous, reticulate-rugose, glabrous.
Stems pubescent with short, glandular hairs and longer, simple,
spreading hairs; leaves ovate or orbicular, occasionally angulate or
subtrilobate, up to 8 cm. long, % to nearly as wide as long; flowers
solitary in the axils and clustered at apex of the stem and branches;
bractlets 15-18, narrowly linear-lanceolate, pubescent and rather long-

949 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VIII, NO. 10

ciliate, 15-17 mm. long; petals 30 mm. long, % as wide. Brazil (and
Argentina?) ........0.. 22sec cere eect ec enes P. viscosa A. Juss.

118. Bractlets 1.5-3 times as long as the calyx, narrowly linear or subulate;
carpels 4-5 mm. long, mucronate (119).

119. Carpels broadly 2-winged, pubescent, reticulate-veiny; stems appressed-
hairy with short, rigid, stellate hairs; leaves subdeltoid, hastate-cor-
date, 2-4 cm. long, 14-34 as wide as long; flowers solitary, long-pedun-
culate; bractlets 20-25 in number, 15-25 mm. long; petals violet
(when dry), 25-30 mm. long; androecium about 4 as long as the
petals. Brazil (Bahia) ........-...--------00-0- P. Blanchetiana Miq.

119. Carpels not winged, glabrous, reticulate-rugose dorsally; stems densely
white-tomentulose with very short hairs. Leaves ovate or suborbicular,
deeply cordate with often overlapping basal lobes, up to 7 cm. long,
nearly as wide as long; flowers solitary and sometimes in terminal
subcorymbose clusters; bractlets 15-17 in number, 22-25 mm. long;
petals red, 30-35 mm. long, less than 13 as wide; androecium about
24 as long as the petals. Brazil (Minas Geraes) ...................
ERIN: oh OME Oe cee Sheree wapiey cma: ead P. Aschersoniana Guerke

NOTES

1. Basonym: P. polymorpha St. Hil. Synonyms: P. nudicaulis St. Hil.,
P. Edouardii Hochr. — P. speciosa usually has non-peltate, although often
spatulate bractlets and therefore is keyed also in section Eupavonia (second
paragraph 82 and first paragraph 98 of this key).

2. Not seen. Characters from Uittien, in Meded. Bot. Mus. Ryksunivers.
Utrecht. No. 39 (Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl. 33:770).

3. Synonyms: P. bracteosa Benth., P. involucrata Klotzsch. Two varieties
were distinguished in Fl. Bras.: var. obtusifolia Guerke and var. acutifolia
Guerke.

4. Synonyms: Peltobractea nigrobracteata Rusby, Pavonia nigrobracteata
(Rusby) Uitt. Petals described by Rusby as salmon-pink, by Klug as flesh-red.

5. Characters from Presl’s description of Malachra ovata Presl, the name
on which Standley’s name was based. (Pavonia ovata Spreng. is an older
name.)

6. From FI. Bras. 123: 479, 522-524. P. Zehntneri Ulbr., here keyed under
Eupavonia (second paragraph 97), was described as having a tubular-cam-
panulate calyx, but with lobes nearly as long as the tube.

7. The shape of the calyx and the degree to which it is cleft are unknown
for P. Hoehnei and P. subrotunda.

8. The type (Sellow 1426) had suborbicular, coarsely and irregularly
dentate leaves, very different from the ovate-lanceolate, attenuate-acumi-
nate, subentire leaves of the type of var. velutina Guerke (Glaziou 14507).

. 9. From FI. Bras. 123: 479, 525-527.

10. The number of leaf-nerves is unknown for P. Hoehnei, P. nana, P.
subrotunda, and P. surumuensis. Only the last has been reported from Brazil,
so far as the writer knows. Since all of these have relatively broad, and
several of them more or less lobed, leaves, it seems safe to assume that the
leaves are at least 3-nerved at base. Two species of Section Eupavonia, P.
angustifolia Benth. (first paragraph 82) with petals 50 mm. long, and P.

MAY, 1958] SOUTH AMERICAN PAVONIA 243

Schwackei Guerke (first paragraph 108) with 11 or 12 bractlets, were de-
scribed as having 1-nerved leaves.

11. Synonym: P. bahiensis Guerke. The same collection (Blanchet 2117)
was cited as the type of both P. calyculosa and P. bahiensis. (See Ann. Sci:
Nat. ser. 2, 18:40.)

12. The distinction between “‘cuspidate” and “mucronate” is purely arbi-
trary but in this key, if the apiculation is much more than 0.5 mm. long,
the carpel is characterized as cuspidate. In P. paniculata of Section Eupa-
vonia (first paragraph 79) the carpels have “‘sometimes a short weak spine
at apex,” fide Fawcett and Rendle (Fl. Jamaica 5:131).

13. Also keyed in section Eupavonia, second paragraph 89. Fries consid-
ered it allied to P. sidifolia and P. campestris.

14. Also keyed in Section Eupavonia, second paragraph 116, because
Ulbrich thought it very close to P. piauhyensis, which apparently has mu-
ticous carpels.

15. Synonym: P. begoniaefolia Gardner.

16. It is doubtful that this species belongs properly to section Typhalaea,
since Ulbrich thought it nearest P. macrostyla Guerke, which has winged
but awnless carpels.

17. P. Spinifex var. genuina Guerke is cited from Peru in Fl. Bras. and
Ferreyia 7072 from Dep. Cajamarca of that country seems typical. Specimens
from Colombia with relatively small flowers (petals 12-20 mm. long) and
included androecium and styles but with carpel-awns as in P. Spinifex may
constitute a new species. The herbage is very sparsely pubescent.

18. Synonyms: P. Regnelliana Migq., P. Spinifex ssp. communis (St. Hil.)
Guerke. Leaves are usually longer and broader and the carpel-awns mostly
shorter and stouter than in West Indian specimens of P. Spinifex.

19. P. Martii Colla, of Brazil, if a distnict species, should be inserted
somewhere between paragraphs 24 and 43. Colla thought it related to P.
Spinifex Cav. but with much smaller (narrower?), elongate leaves and ter-
minal peduncles. He described it also as having 10~12 linear bractlets, petals
about 12 mm. long, and elongate carpel-awns, it being different in all of
these characters from P. Spinifex.

20. Synonym: P. Typhalaea (L.) Cav. The petals in W. H. Camp E841,
from Ecuador, were noted as “pale lavender.”

21. Synonym: P. flava Spring and perhaps P. ageratoides Rusby. P.
sepium var. Balansae Guerke approaches P. Spinifex in its broad, often
thickish leaves, relatively large flowers, and usually relatively short carpel-
awns.

22. Of Arechavaleta (1898), perhaps only a form of P. sepium. Not P.
urticaefolia Pres| (1835).

23. This species, apparently, is very close to P. Goudotiana.

24. This and the two following species are keyed also in section Eupa-
vonia, to which they more properly belong. (See paragraphs 113 and 114.)

25. In var. deltoidea (Mart.) St. Hil. & Naud. (P. deltoidea Mart.), the
hairs of the herbage are mostly long, appressed, and simple and the leaves
are acute, with more or less acute basal lobes.

26. Synonym: P. prostrata Moric.

244 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VIII, NO. 10

27. Very like P. fruticosa in general appearance, differing chiefly in the
more numerous, narrower, less-united bractlets. As was pointed out by
Garcke (Jahrb. K. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1:208), there is an older P. rosea (of
Wallich ex Moris). If this name was validly published, the name P. nemoralis
St. Hil. is available for the American plant. Specimens from Colombia in
the U. S. Nat. Herb. (Pennell & Killip 5731, Killip 6143, Killip & Hazen
8782, Rusby & Pennell 617) with white corollas, are atypical in having the
flowers mostly solitary and long-peduncled.

28. Synonyms: P. costaricensis Hochr., P. fulva (Standl.) Standl. Perhaps
not distinct from P. pseudotyphalaea.

29. Synonym: P. nana Ulbr. non R. E. Fries.

30. Doubtfully distinct, as a species, from P. peruviana.

31. Perhaps not specifically distinct from the inadequately known P.
castaneaefolia.

32. P. betonicaefolia Presl, of Peru, with leaves ovate to oblong-lanceo-
late, obtuse at apex, subcordate at base, apparently belongs in this section
(paragraphs 46-76) but Pres] did not mention the number of nerves of the
bractlets and calyx-lobes. Petal-color has not been described for P. com-
mutata, P. consobrina, P. glandulosa, P. lanata, P. prionophylla, and P.
reticulata.

33. Several of the plants in this relatively narrow-leaved group (para-
graphs 48-65) were reduced by Hassler to varieties of P. hastata Cav.

34. Bractlets 3—5-nerved in P. hastata fide R. E. Fries (Kgl. Sv. Vet. Akad.
Hand. ser. 2, 4212:56).

35. Synonyms (fide Fl. Bras.): P. affinis A. Juss., P. distinguenda St. Hil.
& Naud., P. viscidula St. Hil. & Naud. Fries (ibid., p. 51) stated that P. sagit-
tata has strictly sagittate leaves and reticulate but not sculptured carpels
(see his t. 6, figs. 3, 4).

36. Related to P. sagittata fide R. E. Fries (ibid., p. 52).

37. As described by Baker f. for typical P. Hoehnei (see first paragraph
75). Fries did not describe the bractlets of var. oblongifolia, so presumably
they are similar.

38. Compare P. hastata var. glabriuscula Guerke (first paragraph 64).

39. The number of bractlets was not stated by Ekman, but presumably is
normally 5. The specimens I have determined tentatively as P. xanthogloea
have distinctly carinate carpels. This species was stated to be intermediate
between P. hastata and P. psilophylla Ekman.

40. Synonym: P. hastata var. pubescens f. longifolia Guerke, in part (com-
pare first paragraph 65).

41. Carpel-characters from illustration in R. E. Fries (Sv. Vet. Akad.
Hand. ser. 2, 4212: t. 6, figs. 19, 20).

42. Synonym: P. hastata var. grandiflora Hassler forma belophylla
(Hochr.) Hassler but considered a good species by Fries (Sv. Vet. Akad.
Handl. ser. 2, 4212:49) who questioned Hassler’s reduction of so many
species to varieties and forms of P. hastata. Hochreutiner compared the
calyx to that of Sida physocalyx.

43. Synonym: P. hastata var. grandiflora Hassler forma pulchra (Hochr.)
Hassler. This also was recognized as a species by Fries (ibid., p. 54) who

MAY, 1958] SOUTH AMERICAN PAVONIA 245

stated that it differs from P. belophylla in the shorter and broader, more
deltoid leaves, and large flowers.

44, Synonyms: P. bullulata Hochr., P. hastata var. swbconcolor forma
bullulata (Hochr.) Hassler.

45. Compare P. Guerkeana R. E. Fries (second paragraph 58).

46. Synonym: P. Cymbalaria St. Hil. & Naud.

47. Fries thought this species related to the yellow-flowered P. paniculata
Cav. but differing in having the petals rose-colored when dried, fewer bract-
lets, etc.

48. Synonym: P. muricata St. Hil. (see Fl. Bras. 123:498).

49. See also var. oblongifolia R. E. Fries (first paragraph 51 of this key).

50. Nearest P. commutata Garcke according to R. E. Fries (Sv. Vet. Akad.
Hand. ser. 2, 4212:50). Compare first paragraph 71 of this key.

51. Exceptionally as many as 12 in P. paniculata. P. subrotunda St. Hil.
& Naud., described as having 8-10 bractlets, is too little known for inclusion
in this key.

52. Synonym: P. subtriloba Rusby, probably also P. restiarta Bertoni. See
also P. subhastata Tr. & Planch.

53. Synonyms: P. racemosa Sw., P. scabra (B. Vog.) Cif., non Presl. P.
spicata and P. Rhizophorae constitute a very distinct group in Section Eupa-
vonia. See Leafl. West. Bot. 7:119.

54. See also first paragraph 98. Bractlets linear and apically dilated into
a peltate bladelet in ssp. polymorpha (St. Hil.) Guerke (see first paragraph
3). Synonyms of P. speciosa: P. grisea St. Hil. & Naud., P. Hostmanni Migq,.,
P. canaminensis Rusby, and Hibiscus rhomboideus Rusby.

55. Synonyms: Malache panamensis Standl., Pavonia panamensis (Standl.)
Standl. A collection, Fosberg 19477, from Uribe, Cordillera Oriental, Colom-
bia, has larger flowers than in any other specimen seen previously (petals
7 mm. long) and the stems are rather sparsely hirsute with very long and
very fine hairs.

55a. Synonym: Asterochlaena platyloba (R. E. Fries) Hassler.

_56. Synonyms: P. Mutisii H.B.K., P. Kunthit Guerke. According to Garcke
(Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1:203), the involucel is sometimes shorter than
the calyx in this species, but this must be an exceptional condition. Astero-
chlaena cuspidata Garcke, based upon a collection in Peru, may possibly be
a form of Pavonia mollis, but Garcke did not describe the corolla, so it
cannot be identified positively with any of the species in this key.

57. Synonym: Asterochlaena Hieronymi (Guerke) Hassler ssp. longipila
Hassler var. apiculata (R. E. Fries) Hassler. See also first paragraph 18 of
this key.

58. The four following species apparently intergrade.

59. Synonyms: P. Bangii Ulbr., Asterochlaena argentina (Guerke) Stuckert.

60. Doubtfully distinct from P. argentina. Synonym: Asterochlaena sidi-
folia (H.B.K.) Hassler ssp. genuina Hassler var. campestris (R. E. Fries)
Hassler.

61. Synonyms: P. Morongii S. Moore, Asterochlaena Hieronymi (Guerke)
Hassler, A. Morongii (S. Moore) Hassler. See E. Hassler, Repert. Sp. Nov.
8:118.

246 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VIII, NO. 10

62. Synonyms: P. diuretica St. Hil., P. sidifolia ssp. diuretica Guerke, a
form without long, simple, stem-hairs; Asterochlaena sidifolia (H.B.K.)
Hassler.

63. This and P. surumuensis, as well as P. Pohlii Guerke (first paragraph
117) were referred by Ulbrich to “section Lopimia” (Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin 6:327 and 9:45) but the descriptions of the calyx and fruit of these
three species do not indicate that they belong to the genus Lopimia as I
understand it. (See Amer. Midl. Nat. 46:99, 106.)

64. See also first paragraph 3 and second paragraph 82 of this key.

65. Later reduced by Hochreutiner to synonymy under P. subhastata (first
paragraph 106 of this key) but that species was described as much smaller
flowered. It is P. subhastata ssp. paludosa var. mollis £. patuliloba (Hochr.)
Hassler.

65a. Synonym: Asterochlaena orbicularis (Ulbr.) Hassler.

66. Carpels very similar to those of P. paniculata Cav. (first paragraph 79
of this key) to which P. subhastata apparently is related, differing however
in its more elongate, usually subhastate leaves, less paniculate inflorescence,
larger flowers, and commonly more numerous bractlets. Hassler (Bull. Herb.
Boiss. ser. 2, 7:733-736) published a subsp. paludosa with 4 varieties and
several forms, from Paraguay, including therein P. patuliloba Hochr. (see
first paragraph 101) and P. vitifolia Hochr. (see second paragraph 107).
Specimens from northern Argentina (Formosa, Misiones) are probably re-
ferable to Hassler’s subsp. paludosa, having larger flowers than in P. panicu-
lata. They vary greatly in leaf-shape from broadly ovate and not lobed or
subapically lobed to narrow and subhastately lobed. The bractlets are few for
P. subhastata (6-11). There is an isotype of P. subhastata ssp. paludosa var.
viscosissima Hassler in the Herbarium of the University of California.

67. Synonym. P. subhastata Tr. & Planch. ssp. paludosa Hassler var.
eglandulosa Hassler f. vitifolia (Hochr). Hassler. This seems very close to,
and is, perhaps, not specifically distinct from P. opulifolia.

67a. Synonym: Asterochlaena Balansae (Guerke) Hassler.

68. Not sufficiently known. Perhaps not specifically distinct from P. sub-
hastata, sensu lat.

69. It is stated in the text of Fl. Bras. (123:521) “carpella non vidi,” but
a carpel illustrated in pl. 101, fig. 2, is broadly winged, very much as in
P. Blanchetiana (first paragraph 119).. Guerke distinguished var. ovata
Guerke with subentire leaves, rounded at base, and var. cordata Guerke with
dentate, cordate leaves.

70. P. lanceolata Colla, of Brazil, if a distinct species, belongs somewhere
among paragraphs 116-119. It was described as having subfistulous stems,
glabrous herbage (except the peduncles), lanceolate, crenulate, 1-nerved
leaves, solitary, axillary flowers (corolla not seen), an involucel of 15-20
linear bractlets, and unarmed carpels.

71. This and the 2 following species are keyed also in Sect. Typhalaea,
paragraphs 32 and 33.

72. Also keyed in Section Typhalaea, second paragraph 18.

73. See Note 63.

MAY, 1958] NATURALIZED ANNUALS 247

THREE NATURALIZED ANNUALS IN YUBA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA.
The following field notes concern plants that were found at
Timbuctoo, Yuba County, California, in the lower foothills of
the Sierra Nevada at an elevation of about 400 feet on June 5,
1957. All are natives in the Old World but promise to become
increasingly common in California.

BRACHYPODIUM DISTACHYON (L.) Beauv. The plants of the
“false brome” with their stiff brownish racemes of 2 or 3 large
spikelets are quite prominent among the other annual grasses
which are now largely dried on the slopes about the site of this
old mining town. The surrounding Yuba County hills are well
populated with this European grass which is becoming increas-
ingly abundant in the northern and central Sierra Nevada foot-
hills.

TRIFOLIUM GLOMERATUM L. Patches of “cluster clover” are
growing on brownish-red, gravelly soil, on the edge of the road
somewhat southwesterly from the old Stewart & Bros.-Wells
Fargo store. The plants, which have prostrate stems, are from
two to several inches in diameter and bear small light pink flow-
ers. Many of the plants are dried, some are fruiting, while yet
others are green and flowering. In fruit the flowers become
brown and somewhat rigid, the sessile heads resembling small
pincushions beset with stubby brown “pins.” ‘The seeds are very
small (1 mm.) and are light green.

This probably is the first known naturalized occurrence of
the plant in California, it having been reported only once before
to our knowledge in the United States (in Texas according to
Shinners, Leafl. West. Bot. 7:132, —1954)*.

CRUCIANELLA ANGUSTIFOLIA L. This plant is growing on a low
roadbank, opposite the old Stewart & Bros.-Wells Fargo store in
brownish-red, somewhat stony soil. Superficially the inflores-
cence resembles a grass, particularly some forms of Phalaris
Lemmoni, but closer examination reveals its affinity to Rubi-
aceae, far from the grasses.—BEECHER CRAMPTON, University of
California, Davis.

*A second station for Trifolium glomeratum L. in the Sierra Nevada foothills may be
recorded here: Coloma, Eldorado County, elevation 850 feet, where the plant was collected
on May 16, 1954, my No. 29644.—J. T. Howext.

248 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VIII, NO. 10

PLANTS FROM Mount WHITNEY, CALIFORNIA. Due to the scar-
city of records of flowering plants in California at the 14,000-
foot level, I wish to record the following which I collected at
14,200 feet on Mt. Whitney, July 30, 1954: Poa Suksdorfiu
(Beal) Vasey (7632), Calyptridium umbellatum (Torr.) Greene
var. caudiciferum (Gray) Jeps. (7633), Draba Lemmoniti Wats.
(7630), and D. Breweri Wats. (7631). Polemonium eximium
Greene and Hulsea algida Gray grew in the vicinity; and a
little way down the trail, at about the 13,500-foot level, grew
Carex Helleri Mkze., Anelsonia eurycarpa (Gray) Macbr. & Pays.
(7629), and Erigeron vagus Pays. (7628). I do not believe that
Anelsonia reaches, in this vicinity, the elevation of 14,300 feet
attributed to it by Jepson (Fl. Calif. 2: 76), apparently on the
basis of a Purpus collection labeled “Mt. Whitney,” but, of
course, it may.

My collections, indicated by my field numbers in parentheses,
are in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences. All
were made in Tulare County.—PETER H. RAVEN.

NEAPOLITAN ONION IN CALIFORNIA. The Neapolitan onion,
Allium neapolitanum Cyr., is an attractive garden plant that
tends to become weedy in California gardens and to become nat-
uralized beyond the garden gate. Although some uncultivated
occurrences of the plant seem to result from bulbs that have
been discarded in refuse from gardens, a few other occurrences
appear to indicate plants growing spontaneously under natural
conditions. The Neapolitan onion, which is attractively white-
flowered, might be confused in California with the much weed-
ier A. triquetrum L., but that has a sharply triangular scape,
whereas in A. neapolitanum the scape is nearly terete.

The following specimens are in the California Academy of
Sciences Herbarium: vacant lot, Davis, Yolo Co., Raven 8278;
trash pile, Sacramento, Sacramento Co., M. K. Bellue in 1953;
open grassy pasture, 2 miles east of Napa, Napa Co., Mr. and
Mrs. Merrel Ackley in 1956, in 1957; Rio Nido, Sonoma Co., N.
Boyle in 1941; spontaneous in garden, Larkspur, Marin Co.,
B. Clear in 1958; garden weed, San Francisco, Howell 29140;
roadside fugitive from cultivation, Fullerton, Orange Co., How-
ell 30921.—J. T. HOWELL.

uw

Vol. VIII No. 11

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS

PAGE

A Tentative Key to the South American Species
Poe iki 00 Om) SI Pa ee A aie Srna SMBS A aR

THOMAS H. KEARNEY

An Orchid Newtothe United States . . ..... . 271
DONOVAN S. CORRELL

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
SEPTEMBER 5, 1958

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

A publication devoted particularly to the native and naturalized
plants of western North America and to the cultivated plants
of California, appearing about four times each year. Subscrip-
tion, $2.00 annually. Cost of back files or single numbers fur-
nished on request. Address: John Thomas Howell, California
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18.

Cited as

LEAFL. WEsT. Bor.

Owned and published by

Joun Tuomas HowELi

SEPTEMBER, 1958 | SOUTH AMERICAN SIDA eau

A TENTATIVE KEY TO THE
SOUTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF SIDA, L.

BY THOMAS H. KEARNEY (7)

This is an artificial key, and juxtaposition of the species does
not necessarily indicate close relationship. Many of the species
are imperfectly known, and in such cases published descriptions
have been the only source of the characterizations in the key.
This is always unsatisfactory because the descriptions often omit
characters that have been used as the basis of the divisions of the
present key, hence the large number of possible exceptions that
are mentioned in parentheses. As far as practicable, however, the
diagnoses are based upon examination of herbarium specimens
and of photographs of types, when available. Species not known
from farther south than Panama are excluded. The notes will
be found at the end of the paper. Note 1.

Epitor’s Nore. In his monographic “Studies in Sida (Mal-
vaceae)” (Contrib. Gray Herb. No. 180, pp. 4-91, April, 1957),
I. D. Clement treats 28 species, 18 of which occur in South Amer-
ica. In the key which we are publishing here, Dr. Kearney uses
all names that Clement has employed except three. Whereas
Dr. Kearney accepts the name S. prostrata Cav. (first paragraph
18 of key) and treats S. flavescens Cav. as a synonym (Note 15),
Clement (p. 44) does the reverse. Dr. Kearney accepts S. Hassleri
Hochr. as a species distinct from S. linifolia Cav., but Clement
treats S. Hassleri as a synonym of S. linifolia var. brevis (Hochr.)
Clement (p. 84). With reservations, Dr. Kearney retains S. quin-
quenervia Duchass. in Sida (cf. Note 59), while Clement refers
the plant to the monotypic genus Sidastrum Baker f. (p. 9).
Kearney and Clement do not always dispose of nonacceptable
names in the same way, but we have not gone through the synon-
ymy in the two treatments to list the discrepancies. Among the
names listed as indeterminate by Dr. Kearney in his Note 1, two
are disposed of by Clement: S. graminifolia Rich. is given as a
synonym of S. linifolia Cav. var. linifolia by Clement (p. 83); and
S. inflata Larraniaga is given as S. physocalyx A. Gray by Clement
(pp. 32, 34). Sida centuriata Clement, “obviously in close rela-
tionship to S. ciliaris,’ is described as a new species from Para-

guay (pp. 18—20).

(+) This is the fourth paper dealing with the taxonomy of Malvaceae to be published
in this journal with au i oe the T. H. Kearney Memorial Fund of the California Academy
of Sciences.—J. T. Hi

Leaflets of Wise Bi eae Vol. VIII, pp. 249-272, September 5, 1958.

250 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 11

In his treatment of Sida in the Flora of Peru, J. Francis Mac-
bride (Field Museum Bot. Ser. 13, Pt. 3A, No. 2: 573—588,
—1956) treats two species not included by Dr. Kearney in the
present key: S. chachapoyensis Baker f. (p. 576) and S. grewiti-
folia (Ulbr.) Hochr. ex Macbride (p. 578). The former is men-
tioned by Dr. Kearney in his Note 23; the latter is based on
Abutilothamnus grewiifolius Ulbr. which Dr. Kearney retained
in its monotypic genus (cf. Kearney, Amer. Midl. Nat. 46: 104,
124,—1951). The plant called S. veronicaefolia by Macbride (p.
587) is treated as S. hederaefolia by Kearney (cf. dichotomy 37
in key).—J. T. HOWELL.

1. Leaves palmately lobed, usually deeply so. Plants annual (so far as is

known); inflorescences paniculate, usually many flowered; petals pink
to red-violet; anthers few (5-20); carpels 5-7, aristate (except some-

times in S. jatrophoides?), the awns retrorsely hispid. Section OLI-
GANDRAE. Note 2. (2).

1. Leaves not palmately lobed (9).

2.Staminal column glabrous; anthers 5. Carpels 5 (3).

2.Staminal column pubescent; anthers 10-20 (6).

§. Carpel-awns about 14 mm. long. Peru. ........ S. lomana Bruns. Note 3
3. Carpel-awns 4-6 mm. long (4).

4. Leaf-lobes oblong, obtuse, scarcely narrowed at base. Peru.........

Ser Ore ee re cr eae eee eee oe Pee S. patuliloba R. E. Fries

4. Leaf-lobes lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acutish, narrowed (in
S. lomageiton?) at base (5).

5. Stipules 5-7 mm. long; leaves cleft to below the middle; calyx subto-
mentose; carpel-awns 6 mm. long. Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia....
ais 5 Sip setina otaio Oot clgtate aie Mle uote teaiias) une sie a eine S. oligandra K. Schum.
5. Stipules 1.5-2 mm. long; leaves cleft nearly to the middle; calyx seri-
ceous; carpel-awns about 4 mm. long. Peru. ..........-+--eseseeuss
zr api p esate) eM whois Ate as atop ene ee Re alg aie ma erties S. lomageiton Ulbr. Note 4
6. Carpels 5, the awns 12-14 mm. long. Anthers 10. Ecuador ..........
5 Gin allel Se Wale RG Ree Rae erates See S. decandra R. E. Fries. Note 5
6. Carpels 7, the awns 4-5 mm. long (7).
7. Leaves relatively shallowly cleft, the lobes broad at base, triangular;
anthers 10-15. Ecuador, Peru, and (?) Brazil... .S. palmata Cav. Note 6
7. Leaves cleft to below the middle, the lobes narrowed at base (8).
8. Anthers 20; leaf-lobes pinnately incised. Peru ..............-..---
aa bie £2 acy Hoe Sneha new idandts eis tae ere S. jatrophoides L’Hér. Note 7
8. Anthers 10; leaf-lobes irregularly toothed. Peru.......... S. rupo Ulbr.
9. Peduncle adnate to the petiole of the subtending leaf or bract; flowers in
more or less dense, few-flowered apical clusters, as if involucrate by
the upper leaves and conspicuous, hirsute-ciliate stipules. Leaves (ex-
cept in S. surumuensis) sparingly serrate toward apex, mostly narrow, ~
often wedge-shaped; carpels 5-8. Section Pseudomalachra. (10).

SEPTEMBER, 1958 | SOUTH AMERICAN SIDA 251

9. Peduncles not so adnate; flowers not in dense terminal clusters or, if so,
then not appearing involucrate (13).

10. Leaves tridentate at the broadly truncate apex, cuneate-obovate or ob-
lanceolate. Stems more or less decumbent; petals about 17 mm. long,
pinkish-yellow; carpels 5, aristate, rugose-reticulate, conspicuously
spinose-muricate on the dorsal angles. Northern Argentina......
SEMPRE SIS Sm le ais site Ia Slutje-s Mente eat wal aide! mia sia we He S. paradoxa Rodrigo

10. Leaves several-toothed in the upper half or two-thirds or nearly entire
in S. surumuensis. Carpels rugose-reticulate and muricate, shortly and
stoutly aristate (11).

11. Stems erect or ascending, sparingly branched; carpels with long, spinose
murications. Leaves linear; petals 10-15 mm. long, pink or purple.
Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina; North America...........

EE TeR cae sca iste) fal atalisre ae aiatahisnelavavs marae, evcialsrorsyaretetercvele es S. anomala St. Hil.

11.Stems procumbent to ascending, diffusely branched from the base; car-
pels with usually short murications (12).

12. Plants suffrutescent from a strong, woody caudex; stems up to 40 cm.
long; leaves narrowly linear or linear-lanceolate, acute at apex, the
margins entire or nearly so; petals more than 10 mm. long, orange.
Brazil (Amazonas) and (?) British Guiana. .S. surumuensis Ulbr. Note 8

12. Plants (sometimes annual?) herbaceous or nearly so above the caudex;
stems seldom more than 25 cm. long; leaves narrowly oblong to obo-
vate or (rarely) suborbicular, rounded or truncate to acute at apex,
the margins serrulate or serrate; petals 6-10 mm. long, pink, purplish,
or orange. Almost throughout South America; North America.....

Pee whe ips ohms bis ae Ahn Ah sia aa 8m ahd ptt" me tao aus S. ciliaris L. Note 9

13. Flowers with an involucel of (usually 3) narrowly linear bractlets; herb-
age silvery-lepidote. Perennial herb with low, decumbent stems; leaves
thickish, asymmetric, suborbicular, rather coarsely dentate; flowers
solitary in the axils on more or less elongate, often curved peduncles;
petals yellow, drying blackish; carpels 6-8, muticous. Section PsEUDO-
MALVASTRUM. Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina ...................

BE Ae aie wd x a aid one he Rae eee ee S. leprosa (Ortega) K. Schum. Note 10

13. Flowers not involucellate; herbage not silvery-lepidote (14).

14. Calyx becoming greatly enlarged, inflated, membranous, more or less
conspicuously veiny, enclosing and much longer than the muticous
(sometimes bluntly rostrate) carpels. Plants mostly herbaceous above
ground; leaves mostly cordate. Section PHyYSALODEs. (15).

14. Calyx otherwise, only moderately accrescent. Note 11. (19).

15. Flowers numerous, in rather loose, axillary clusters of 4 or more. Herbage
loosely tomentose; stems erect; leaves oblong-ovate to suborbicular,
cordate, coarsely crenate-dentate, somewhat discolorous; calyx 7-10
mm. long at maturity; petals salmon-pink; carpels 5, not at all ros-
trate, smooth-sided. Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina........
SEE Ley ica ee abd ohare bt temesattatecon ara S. urticaefolia St. Hil. Note 12

15. Flowers few, either solitary in the axils of the stem and branches or
rarely 2 in S. macrodon, or normally 2, rarely 3 in S. prostrata (16).

252 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 11

16. Stems usually creeping and rooting at the nodes, very slender, minutely
stellate and with long, simple hairs; leaves very asymmetric, cordate
at base, thin, ovate, acute or acuminate at apex, shallowly dentate or
crenate; carpels 5, with hyaline lateral walls, smooth or obscurely
reticulate, muticous or nearly so. Calyx 5-7 mm. long at maturity,
the lobes scarcely cordate; petals yellow or whitish, 6-7 mm. long.
Brazil, Argentina; southern Mexico, Central America, and Panama
wisn te AISA S cadens Flues eS ERAS S. decumbens St. Hil. & Naud. Note 13

16, Stems not creeping or rooting at the nodes; leaves symmetric or nearly
so, thicker; carpels with thicker, firm lateral walls (17).

17. Calyx strongly plicate-angulate, the lobes deeply cordate; carpels 10-14,
with coarsely reticulate, firm, lateral walls and a long, horizontal,
blunt beak, black at maturity; petals yellow, 10-20 mm. long. Stems
more or less decumbent from a long, tuber-like caudex, rather loosely
pubescent with mostly few-rayed hairs; leaves symmetric or nearly so,
oval, ovate, or suborbicular, coarsely crenate-dentate, usually sub-
cordate at base, rounded to acutish at apex; calyx 10-15 mm. long.
Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina; North America..........
Pe, en Te re ee ee ee S. physocalyx A. Gray. Note 14

17. Calyx not or but slightly plicate-angulate, the lobes not deeply cordate;
carpels fewer, with smooth or smoothish lateral walls and without a
long horizontal beak; petals pink or white. Stems finely stellate and
with long simple hairs (18).

18. Peduncles much shorter than the subtending leaves; flowers 1-3 in the
axils; carpels 5. Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina. .S. prostrata Cay. Note 15

18. Peduncles mostly longer than the subtending leaves; flowers solitary,
rarely binate; carpels about 8. Stems sometimes from a thick, tuber-
like root. Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, Peru.............
Ranchi borin tine cede ween em ecasce io iinee bur S. macrodon DC. Note 16

19. Inflorescences terminal or subterminal, corymbiform or short-racemose,
the small subulate bracts caducous; leaves entire-margined, mostly
linear or lanceolate, elongate, sharply attenuate-acuminate, short-
petiolate or subsessile. Stipules conspicuous, subulate, rather per-
sistent; calyx campanulate, pilose or villous; petals white or yellow,
sometimes with a brown-purple basal spot; carpels muticous or nearly
so. Section STENINDA. (20).

19. Inflorescences otherwise or the leaves not entire (21).

20. Plants herbaceous, annual (or sometimes perennial?); stems unbranched
or sparingly (seldom freely) branched; leaves linear or narrowly lan-
ceolate; calyx 4-5 mm. long; petals 7-10 mm. long; carpels 7-9.
Northern South America to Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay; North
PRCT ACA 3, ceca a at pe re eet see S. linifolia Juss. ex Cav. Note 17

20. Plants suffrutescent; stems more branched; leaves lanceolate, or the
lower ovate-lanceolate or elliptic; calyx about 7 mm. long; petals
11-15 mm. long; carpels fewer. Herbage hirsute with long, pustular-
based, simple hairs, Paraguay). iis ool. Ge wacinemets § S. Hassleri Hochr.

21. Flowers numerous or many, in open, more or less leafy, terminal pan-
icles, usually long-pedicellate (except in S$. micrantha and S. pyra-

SEPTEMBER, 1958] SOUTH AMERICAN SIDA 253

midata). Carpels 7 or fewer. Section TuyrsinpA, amplified. Note 18.
(22).
21. Flowers relatively few, if many and more or less paniculate (S. aggregata,

S. cordifolia, S. wrens) then short-pedicellate and crowded. Section
MALVINDA (26).

22. Petals dark red or purple. Herbage pubescent, usually copiously so,
without glandular hairs; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, cordate or
rounded at base, crenate or serrate; panicle very open, the filiform
pedicels much longer than the flowers; petals 3-5 mm. long, often
reflexed; carpels 5, muticous or short-beaked. Northern South America
to northern Argentina; North America...... S. paniculata L. Note 19

22. Petals (in S. goyazensis?) yellow or orange or (in S. micrantha) sometimes
pink (23).

23. Flowers very small, the petals 2-3 mm. long, not or barely surpassing the
calyx; inflorescence an elongate, leafy thyrse with suberect, very many-
flowered branchlets. Herbage rather roughly stellate-tomentose; leaves
broadly ovate or suborbicular, cordate to truncate at base, up to 12
cm. long; calyx rounded at base, not angulate; carpels 5, short-cuspi-
date to nearly muticous, puberulent apically. Colombia, Venezuela,
Guigna, BrazilyGuba Os. 2.6662 oes S. micrantha St. Hil. Note 20

23. Flowers larger, the petals 5 mm. or longer, surpassing the calyx; inflores-
cence more open and fewer-flowered (24).

24. Herbage sparsely to copiously pubescent, usually with few or no long
and simple, or glandular hairs; leaves shortly and rather abruptly
acuminate; carpels 5-8, muticous to cuspidate, thick, the firm lateral
walls smooth. Plants suffruticose or shrubby; leaves thin, green, broadly
ovate, shallowly cordate or truncate at base, the uppermost leaves
reduced to small bracts;.inflorescence-branches slender, mostly elon-
gate and more or less racemose or subpaniculate; calyx rounded at
base, not angulate; petals 6-8 mm. long, yellow or orange, sometimes
red at base. Colombia and Venezuela; North America ...........
MRE CTs Sais viene eye Geet Tate S. pyramidata Desportes. Note 21

24. Herbage with long, spreading, simple hairs and copiously glandular-
pilose; leaves usually long-acuminate; carpels 5, more or less aristate.
Calyx rounded or somewhat angulate (25).

25. Petals about 5 mm. long; carpel-awns slender, antrorsely pilose. In-
florescence-branches rather lax, the flowers rarely solitary in the
axils; leaves long-petiolate, ovate, cordate, finely dentate or crenate.
Colombia, Venezuela; North America. . .S. glutinosa Commers. Note 22

25. Petals 9 mm. long; carpel-awns retrorsely pilose. Plants perennial, her-
baceous or suffrutescent; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, concolorous;
stipules deltoid-ovate, barely 1 mm. long; flowers on long, slender
peduncles; carpel-awns very short, curved. Brazil (Goyaz) ........
tes te Sark aie cslemiey een ea GN a aide str ure crea S. goyazensis K. Schum.

26. Carpels 5 or occasionally 6 (often so in S. acrantha and S. subcuneata?).
Note 23. (27).

26. Carpels (in S. galheirensis?) seldom fewer and often more than 6 (71).

256

38.
59.

a9.

40.

40.

41.

41.

42.

42.

a3,

43.

44,

44.
45.

LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VIII, NO. 11

edge. Stems with scattered, long, simple hairs in addition to the more
abundant shorter hairs; leaves ovate-lanceolate, shallowly cordate;
calyx 8-9 mm. long, puberulent and also with longer, simple hairs on
the angles and margins, the lobes sharply attenuate-acuminate; petals
about 12 mm. long. Bolivia.............. S. gracilipes Rusby. Note 32

Carpels (in S. lapaensis?) otherwise (39).

Carpels muticous, truncate or depressed at apex, glandular. Herbage
glandular and viscid; flowers somewhat clustered at apex of the
branchlets, very fragrant; petals more (?) than 20 mm. long. Brazil
(Minas Geraesys ois. aut vinnsind oxiects S. odorata Monteiro f. Note 33

Carpels (in S. lapaensis?) corniculate, cuspidate, or aristate at apex, not
glandular. Leaves small, discolorous (40).

Plant shrubby; leaves linear-oblong, subcordate, obtuse at apex; petals
10 mm. long, retuse at apex. Calyx tomentellous; mature fruit un-
known. Brazil\(Minas)Geraes)is sey.) ieee S. lapaensis K. Schum.

Plants herbaceous, perennial; leaves ovate, cordate, acutish to sub-
acuminate at apex; petals about 7 mm. long. Carpels cuspidate or
very shortly aristate (41).

Stem-pubescence of long, fine, spreading, simple hairs only; petals un-
equally bilobate. Argentina (Tucuman).......... S. Lilloana Rodrigo

Stem-pubescence of short, more or less glandular hairs; petals emar-
ginate. Parapuay ......... S. rupicola Hassler var. grandiflora Hassler

Inflorescences mainly terminal, subcapitate or umbelliform, the flowers
conspicuously subtended by the stipule-like, reduced upper leaves.
Leaves (below the inflorescence) oblanceolate or oblong-obovate,
often somewhat rhombic, mostly cuneate or subcuneate at base, ser-
rate or crenate above the middle; calyx-lobes long-acuminate; petals
yellow or white with a purple basal spot; carpels (sometimes 6) mu-
ticous or nearly so, dehiscent only at apex, with fragile lateral walls
(43).

Inflorescence otherwise, if terminal, then not conspicuously bracteate
with stipule-like bracts, the flowers solitary or clustered in the upper
axils (44).

Plants herbaceous, perennial; pubescence grayish; leaves rhombic-ob-
long or -obovate, 14-14 as wide as long, acute or obtuse at apex,
crenate-dentate to about the middle; flowers mostly terminal. Brazil
(Minas Geraes))).54-ohy isi Po ae ees, ee eee S. acrantha Link

Plants woody; pubescence yellowish; leaves oblong-oblanceolate, about
4 as wide as long, rounded-truncate at apex, dentate only at or very
near the apex; flowers axillary as well as terminal. Brazil (Minas
Gerdes) at. siete yt ee as iene ace S. subcuneata St. Hil. Note 34

Flowers solitary or subracemosely clustered in the axils of the uppermost
leaves (45).

Flowers more scattered along the stem, solitary or glomerate (46).

Leaves linear-lanceolate, about 14 as wide as long; flowers mostly soli-
tary, the pedicels 5 mm. or longer; calyx glabrous, the lobes very long-

caudate; petals about 5 mm. long, oblong, yellow; carpels muticous.
Brazil (Amazouasy 2 o.ce¢ 6-22 t cee S. blepharoprion Ulbr. Note 35

SEPTEMBER, 1958] SOUTH AMERICAN SIDA 257

45. Leaves ovate or elliptic, about 14 as wide as long; flowers mostly in dense
clusters, the pedicels not more than 2 mm. long; calyx minutely stel-
late-pubescent and with long, simple hairs, the lobes subacuminate;
petals 7 mm. long, suborbicular, rose-pink; fruit unkown. Brazil
(Beealaea) rae atecetes ecto oie ehatte eueseics crcvaterae: crate aes aie S. Ulei Ulbr. Note 36

46. Inflorescence (when well developed) composed of dense, subcapitate,
several-flowered, axillary and terminal glomerules, these sometimes
constituting a leafy panicle, the flowers (except in S. margaritensis)
subsessile or very shortly pedicellate. Leaves cordate at base; calyx
(except sometimes in S. tomentella?) hirsute or villous, plicate-angu-
late; petals (in S. pseudo-urens?, S. tomentella?) yellow, sometimes
with a red base (47).

46. Inflorescence otherwise (52).

47.Carpels shortly aristate, the awns retrorsely hirsutulous. Stems some-
what woody, black-violet after loss of the pubescence; leaves lanceo-
late to ovate, about 14 as wide as long, shallowly cordate, attenuate-
acuminate at apex; petals 4.5 mm. long, shorter than the calyx; seeds
minutely puberulent. Paraguay ....S. melanocaulon Hassler. Note 37

47. Carpels muticous to shortly aristate, the awns, when present, antrorsely
pilose (48).

48. Calyx about 4 mm. long; stems with reddish, stellate pubescence. Leaves
24-34 as wide as long, acute. Peru...S. pseudo-urens Baker f. Note 38

48. Calyx 5-8 mm. long; stems with long, simple, spreading hairs in addition
to other pubescence (49).

49. Petals 5 mm. long; plants suffruticose; peduncles up to 4 cm. long;
carpels with a somewhat prominent dorsal costa, 3 mm. long. Para-
QUAY - 022s. eee eee eee eee eee S. margaritensis Hassler. Note 39

49. Petals 6-7 mm. long; plants herbaceous or nearly so; peduncles much
shorter; carpels rounded on the back, not prominently costate (50).

50. Stems densely tomentose toward apex with short, stellate hairs, also
more sparsely villous with long, very fine, lax, simple hairs; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, serrate or crenate-serrate, discol-
orous, dark green above, whitish-tomentose beneath; calyx commonly
without long hairs; carpels 3 mm. long, apiculate, puberulent.
BRE AZ UY Te so aie 2 lace ste ie aes wields asthe monte S. tomentella Miq. Note 40

50. Stems not tomentose, hirsute or hispid with stiff, simple or few-armed
hairs; leaves commonly ovate, acutish to short- (exceptionally long-)
acuminate, nearly concolorous; calyx villous or hirsute, especially on
the angles and margins; carpels 1.5-2 mm. long, glabrous or nearly
so (51).

51. Herbage rather sparsely pubescent; leaves thin, usually short-acuminate,
rather coarsely dentate or serrate; lateral glomerules often borne on
elongate branchlets. Almost throughout South America; North Amer-
Mi Minss sates ele ohh s. RiaMeet atv Wont Mbt epics Ringer ath ofa s ota a S. urens L. Note 41

51. Herbage densely pubescent with reddish or yellowish hairs; leaves thick,
acutish, crenulate-serrulate; lateral glomerules sessile in the axils or
nearly so. Venezuela, Bolivia, Brazil, and (?) Paraguay ..........

Bess bc ira: Sebates satatiche orslons a stasel<imistaieis sess S. rufescens St. Hil. Note 42

258 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 11

52. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, not more than 14 as wide as long, sub-
cordate-subauriculate at base, acute, serrulate above the middle;
petals white with a dark purple basal spot, about 11 mm. long. Plants
herbaceous; stipules up to 12 mm. long, persistent after the leaves
fall; carpels 2-2.5 mm. long, obovoid-trigonous, thick, muticous or
slightly apiculate, reticulate and minutely pitted, thin-walled, glab-
TOUS? BraZzilyonsy, 2 pohe:2 esc sess bats tetas se S. linearifolia St. Hil.

52. Leaves broader, or the petals yellow, or, if white, then without a basal
spot (53).

53. Corollas white or whitish; carpels opening irregularly below by a whitish
membrane. Stems minutely stellate-pubescent; leaves broadly ovate
to lanceolate, serrate, rounded to subcordate at base; flowers solitary
in the axils but becoming racemosely crowded at apex; peduncles
much shorter than the subtending leaves; calyx 5-angulate, the lobes
acute. West Indies and “tropical continental America”..........
RaitvaGbart sii Meio eden ae Were Aaa ty ater a> Soa S. alba L. Note 43

53. Corollas normally yellow in most of the species (paragraphs 54-70);
carpels commonly opening regularly at apex (54).

54. Carpels muticous, obovoid-trigonous, rounded or depressed at apex.
Herbage more or less glandular-puberulent, the stems also with long,
spreading, simple hairs; leaves lanceolate to ovate; flowers axillary,
solitary or in very few-flowered loose clusters, often rather long-
pedunculate; calyx glandular-puberulent and hirsute; petals about
6 mm. long, shorter than the calyx, yellow (55).

54. Carpels corniculate, cuspidate, or aristate at apex (56).

55. Lateral walls of the carpels smooth, very thin and fragile. Brazil and
() PAPARUAN |. s ca titrr eis ata eee aeons ata OEE S. aurantiaca St. Hil.

55. Lateral walls of the carpels rugulose, firm. Venezuela, Brazil, Colom-
bial?); Paraeuay (F)'s 2cas stone =a aes ae hee S. Martiana St. Hil. Note 44

56. Peduncles (except sometimes in S. spinosa) very short. Leaves rounded,
truncate, or subcuneate at base (rarely obscurely cordate); carpels
normally more or less aristate, the awns and apex of the carpel-body
pilosulous with antrorse or spreading hairs (57).

56. Peduncles (in S. Emilei?) elongate, usually very slender (60).

57. Herbage finely soft-tomentose; stems herbaceous or somewhat woody,
often decumbent, without infrapetiolar tubercles; leaves oblong or
subrhombic to suborbicular, rounded or obtuse at apex, nearly con-
colorous; corolla whitish, buff, or pale yellow. Northern South Amer-
ica; West Indies, southern Mexico (?), Panama..............+++-
wes wives la eancrebeeneida Rie cae ee teat an eae S. jamaicensis L. Note 45

57. Herbage minutely stellate-puberulent; stems herbaceous, erect, often
with more or less spinose infrapetiolar tubercles; leaves ovate or ob-
long to narrowly lanceolate, obtuse or acutish at apex, usually dis-
colorous; petals normally yellow (58).

58. Leaves ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or oblong, 1%4—% as wide as long. Almost
throughout South America; North America..............6+.200-
aerate seca cla ictal Rea POLS ee eenee, Sele S. spinosa L. var. spinosa. Note 46

SEPTEMBER, 1958 | SOUTH AMERICAN SIDA 259

58. Leaves (except sometimes in var. Riedelii) linear or lanceolate, not more
than 4% as wide as long (59).

59. Flowers commonly only 1 or 2 in the axil, sometimes with an accessory
branchlet; carpel-awns erect. Almost throughout South America. .
She ce halt Shale dc eas S. spinosa var. angustifolia (Lam.) Griseb. Note 47

59. Flowers commonly several in the axil, in dense glomerules; carpel-awns
divergent. Brazil, Paraguay; (ATBEntINES 0). ee le eek wee
Milecaete alohien sais S. spinosa var. Riedelii (K. Schum.) Rodrigo. Note 48

60. Leaf-base not cordate, either truncate or cuneate (61).
60. Leaf-base more or less deeply cordate (63).

61. Leaves less than 2 cm. long, linear, truncate at apex, serrulate, discol-
orous; calyx 3-3.5 mm. long, longer than the corolla. Herbage min-
utely stellate-puberulent; stems profusely branched; carpels about 2
mm. long, rugose-reticulate on the sides, mucronate. Colombia....
EME Hee U ere ey erent chic es Sujata hes See ee S. Killipii Kearney. Note 49

61. Leaves mostly more than 2 cm. long, broader than linear, acuminate at
apex, irregularly serrate; flowers larger, the corolla 5 mm. or longer.
Carpels shortly beaked (62).

62. Blades rhombic-lanceolate, strongly cuneate and subhastate at base,
COATSElY LOOLHEO PR ETUP ois <[o famine oe scien class S. Ruizii Ulbr. Note 50

62. Blades ovate-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, truncate at base. Flowers
nutant; carpels with thin, fragile, obscurely veined lateral walls. Bra-
mala (VUITE ASS GOTACS) 525 '0/0) ope) ohcr5) 3 s1s 1.21 «co iis o\ ope S. chapadensis K. Schum.

63.Stems (or lateral branches) prostrate and often rooting at the nodes,
very slender, often nearly filiform. Leaves nearly or quite as long as
wide; carpels more or less aristate with antrorsely (sometimes re-
trorsely?) scabrous or pilose awns, the body 2—-2.5 mm. long. Colom-
bia, Peru, Galapagos Islands; West Indias, Old World Tropics... .
VAN oan ciste theo) rea sich Sicoann Sota ere te shaiecars S. hederaefolia Cay. Note 51

63. Stems decumbent to erect, not rooting at the nodes (64).

64. Carpels muticous or merely corniculate at apex. Leaves broadly ovate
or subtrilobate (65).

64. Carpels more or less aristate (66).

65. Herbage and calyx entirely glabrous except that the young stems are
sparsely glandular and hirsute; lateral walls of the carpel very thin,
Petecuidte, Brarl (Ceara) oes <a. sis. se nes S. cearensis Ulbr. Note 52

65. Herbage and calyx copiously pubescent with short glandular and
eglandular, and with long, simple hairs; lateral walls of the carpels
covered with sessile, fetid glands. Bolivia, Brazil, Argentina......
SSE ee ELI eS ers S. piauhyensis Ulbr. Note 53

66. Petals 9-10 mm. long; carpels 1.5 mm. long, including the awns. Plants
perennial, herbaceous, with subscandent, flexuous stems; leaves nearly
concolorous, triangular-lanceolate or oblong-ovate, 2.5-6 cm. long;
flowers solitary in the axils, long-pedunculate; calyx with minute
hairs on ribs and margins, otherwise glabrous. Paraguay.........

SN Eaten Seer rc ees cp PPL riTt S. gracillima Hassler. Note 54

66. Petals (in S. Emilei?) not more than 7 mm. long; carpels larger (67).

260 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 11

67. Carpels 2-lobed at apex, the lobes deltoid or quadrate and terminating
in awns, the carpel-body below the smooth lobes usually finely reticu-
late (68).

67. Carpels (in S. Emilei?) otherwise (70).

68. Stems decumbent, herbaceous or nearly so above the caudex, with long,
fine, simple hairs in addition to shorter pubescence; carpel-body
2.54.5 mm. long, narrow, the awns rather long, antrorsely pilose.
LILUPUAy, AR PEMTINE. A. ot stk oe oan ea Sere eine S. dictyocarpa Griseb.

68. Stems erect or ascending (69).

69. Carpels as in S. dictyocarpa but with shorter awns; stems more or less
woody above the caudex, up to 1 m. high, minutely puberulent, with-
out long hairs. Argentina, Bolivia, and (?) Paraguay.............
ciel Ur nk ala ia iy galas eae S. esperanzae R. E, Fries. Note 55

69. Carpels rounded-trigonous, 2.5 mm. high, short-awned; stems herba-
ceous or nearly so, with long hairs in addition to other pubescence.
Pata PUAy oc sce se sige artistes ove ew akreiep ts S. rupicola Hassler. Note 56

70. Peduncles articulated toward the base; stems densely pubescent toward
apex; leaves velutinous on both surfaces, obtuse or acute at apex.
Flowers solitary in the axils; petals (even the claws) entirely glabrous;
mature fruit unknown. Paraguay.........S. Emilei Hochr. Note 57

70. Peduncles articulated at or above the middle; stems not densely pubes-
cent; leaves not velutinous, attenuate-acuminate. Stems glabrate to
copiously but not densely pubescent with mostly simple, often some-
what glandular hairs; leaves sparsely pubescent, thin, ovate or ovate-
lanceolate, cordate, serrate-dentate; inflorescence, when well devel-
oped, forming an open, leafy, relatively few-flowered panicle, the
peduncles up to 4 cm. long; petals about 6 mm. long; carpels narrow,
usually finely reticulate, pilose toward apex, with (often very long)
antrosely pilosulous awns. Mexico and West Indies to northern South
AMMONIA ss Ae nec. ss We one beds Si ot ease et oe ee S. glabra Mill. Note 58

71. Inflorescence mainly terminal and spike-like, the flowers nearly sessile
and closely subtended (falsely involucellate) by several subulate, hispid
bracts, these much longer than the calyx. Plant herbaceous; stems
hispid; leaves lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or ovate-oblong, acumi-
nate; calyx 6-7 mm. long, with acute lobes, shorter than the yellow
petals; carpels 7-10, dehiscent to the base dorsally. Guiana, Brazil;
Panama! oa: dict eens ees S. quinquenervia Duchass. Note 59

71. Inflorescence not spike-like or the flowers not subtended as above (72).

72. Blades of the leaves more or less acutely lobed. Stems erect, scurfy or
white-tomentose; blades ovate, cordate at base, acuminate at apex,
irregularly serrate, discolorous, white-tomentose beneath, up to 10
cm. long; flowers glomerate at apex of the long pedunctes; petals
12-16 mm. long, much longer than the calyx; carpels 12-15, cuspidate.
Ecuador 4.6 eta so eee ee eee S. Jamesonii Baker f.

72. Blades not lobed or very shallowly so. Note 60. (73).

73. Leaves distichous, shortly petiolate or subsessile, often more or less
rhombic, rounded to cuneate and more or less asymmetric at base.
Stipules conspicuous, persistent, prominently 3-nerved; pedicels very
short; carpels usually more than 7, cuspidate or aristate (74).

SEPTEMBER, 1958] SOUTH AMERICAN SIDA 261

73. Leaves not distichous (75).

74. Herbage (except in var. hispida K. Schum.) not conspicuously pubescent,
often glabrate; leaves narrowly lanceolate to ovate, up to 8.5 cm. long;
flowers solitary or in small, short-pedunculate, axillary glomerules;
petals yellow or whitish, from little-surpassing to about twice as long
as the calyx; carpels cuspidate or short-aristate. Almost throughout
South America; North America; Old World...S. acuta Burm. Note 61

74. Herbage copiously hirsute with simple and stellate hairs; leaves elliptic-
lanceolate, up to 14 cm. long, coarsely serrate, long-acuminate; flowers
mostly in dense, many-flowered clusters at the ends of axillary branch-
lets; petals light purple, scarcely surpassing the calyx; carpels long-
RINE: EMOUIVE A 62 oso 0ici- eislensinpessins ow isa wl S. Bakeriana Rusby. Note 62

75. Carpels aristate, the awns retrorsely hispid or pilose (76).

75. Carpels not aristate, or the awns not retrorsely pubescent (84).

76. Leaves mostly linear to oblong-lanceolate and less than 14 as wide as
long (77).

76. Leaves mostly oblong, ovate, or suborbicular, at least the lower ones
nearly 14 to quite as wide as long (80).

77. Petals 13-14 mm. long, at least twice as long as the calyx, yellow; leaves
very narrow, not more than 4 as wide as long, acute at base, up to
6 cm. long, short-petiolate. Flowers loosely subcorymbose or race-
mose at apex of the stem and branches; stems tomentulous or ee
lent above; carpels with rather long, divergent awns. Brazil. ......
She POR ED ARS ES eae ys S. angustissima St. Hil.

77. Petals not more than 10 mm. long; leaves (in S. Allemanii?) mostly
broader, truncate or rounded (rarely subcordate) at base (78).

78. Stems minutely canescent, very rarely with long, simple hairs; leaves
denticulate or serrulate,-mostly linear or narrowly oblong, rounded o1
subcuneate at base; calyx angulate-turbinate; petals whitish or cream-
colored, brownish at base or pink-veined. Flowers solitary in the
axils, somewhat crowded apically; carpels 6-8, narrow, conspicuously
muricate, the awns nearly or quite equaling or (in var. swbmutica)
much shorter than the body. Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador; North
America; var. submutica in the Galapagos Islands and (?) Peru...
52a Be A tibaatet tots ond mia een RS ae S. salviaefolia Presl

78. Stems with long, simple, spreading hairs in addition to much shorter

stellate and glandular hairs; leaves crenate or serrate; calyx (in S.
Allemanii?) more or less campanulate; petals (in S. Allemanii?) pink

(79).
79. Petioles geniculate at apex; lowest teeth of the leaves not spreading.
Northeastern: Brazil) ooo: oad nee a ener S. Allemanii Monteiro f. Note 63

79. Petioles straight, not geniculate; lowest teeth of the leaves spreading.
Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent; stems rarely aculeate (Note 64);
flowers solitary in the upper axils and aggregated at apex of the
stems; lower leaves sometimes ovate; peduncles articulated shortly
below the calyx; carpels 9-13, the awns slender, as long as the body
or, in var. manresana (Note 65) considerably shorter. Brazil, Paraguay,
Uruguay, morthern Argentina ..........--.-- eee ee eee e eee eeeee
Sees MeiAe ake hie etclels stats S. pseudo-potentilloides Monteiro f. Note 66

262 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 11

80. Stems pubescent with short, glandular hairs; petioles as long or longer
than the blades; flowers all solitary in the axils. Plants herbaceous,
perennial; leaf-blades suborbicular or oblong, up to 2 cm. long; calyx
campanulate; petals 15 mm. long, rose; carpels 10 or 11, long-awned,
deeply reticulate below. Northwestern Argentina ............++-
Hetivisl Ne nits cw sajaaly Homies oy ahi weet S. calchaquiensis Rodrigo

80. Stems otherwise pubescent, the glandular hairs few or none; petioles
shorter (usually much shorter) than the blades; flowers solitary or
clustered in the axils and more or less crowded at apex of the stem
and branches (81).

81. Flowers very numerous, in dense, axillary and terminal, corymbose or
subracemose clusters, the whole inflorescence more or less paniculate.
Herbage velutinous with rather long, fine hairs, often rather loosely
so, usually without very long, stiff, spreading hairs; leaves ovate to
suborbicular, 14 to nearly as wide as long, cordate or truncate at the
broad base, conspicuously dentate or serrate; calyx plicate-angulate,
the lobes broad, subcordate; petals 10-12 mm. long, commonly yel-
low; carpels 7-12, prominently reticulate, the awns elongate and
retrorsely hispid, or short and the hairs not retrorse. Almost through-
out South America; North America .......... S. cordifolia L. Note 67

81. Flowers not very numerous, | or 2 in the axils and more or less aggre-
gated at apex (82).

82. Stems without long, simple hairs, whitish- or yellowish-lanate; calyx
angulate, spreading in fruit, tomentose, the lobes caudate. Leaves
rhombic or oblong (to orbicular?), rather coarsely crenate-serrate;
petals about 12 mm. long, suborbicular, yellow (?); carpels about 10.
Northeastern Brazil. 25%, oes. oo aoe S. galheirensis Ulbr. Note 68

82. Stems (except sometimes in S. campestris?) with long, spreading, simple
hairs in addition to other pubescence; calyx broadly campanulate,
the lobes acuminate. Carpels prominently rugose below (83).

83. Plants perennial and suffrutescent, but flowering the first season; calyx
about 10 mm. long, villous with spreading hairs; corolla reddish-
yellow; carpels about 12, long-ciliate on the margins of the dehiscent
section. Uruguay, Argentina... .S. variegata (Griseb.) Krapov. Note 69

83. Plants annual; calyx 5 mm. long, pilosulous; corolla (fide Svenson)
white with a red center; carpels 6-10, the dehiscent section not ciliate.
Upper leaves sometimes narrowly lanceolate. Ecuador ...........
sale ain das wie Bie Ae els aM Bele Ree ia wht ee Bs, sare Ris S. campestris Benth.

84. Carpels (except sometimes in S. rhombifolia) distinctly aristate but the
awns not retrorsely pilose (85).

84. Carpels not aristate, muticous to cuspidate or (in S. Glaziovii) some-
times minutely aristate (90).

85. Leaves linear or narrowly lanceolate or oblong, 4%-14 (14) as wide as
long, discolorous; flowers mostly in small, terminal, subcorymbose
clusters. Plants suffrutescent; petals emarginate or unequally bilo-
bate, very asymmetric; carpels about 10, with a broad, more or less
reticulate basal section; the awns shorter than the body (86).

SEPTEMBER, 1958] SOUTH AMERICAN SIDA 263

85. Leaves (at least the lower ones) broader, 44 or more as wide as long or,
if less than 144 (S. rhombifolia) then more or less rhombic and the
flowers more scattered (87).

86.Stems with long, spreading, simple hairs in addition to other pubes-
cence; leaves truncate or subcordate at base, crenate; peduncles ar-
ticulated; petals 15-18 mm. long, yellow. Southern Brazil (?), Para-
Pliny, NOTE ATPENUEA OL. 0s vee sige nee ee S. vespertina Ekman

86. Stems without long hairs, minutely puberulent; leaves subcuneate at
base, sharply serrate; peduncles not articulated; petals not more
than 10 mm. long, yellow or (fide Ekman) when fresh, violet with a
yellow base. Southern Brazil, northern Argentina ...............
MEE Ee Ne ore Sane ee ae S. potentilloides St. Hil. Note 70

87. Petals rose-colored, 10-15 mm. long. Stems shortly stellate-pubescent,
also villous, and with sessile glands; flowers solitary (or few?) in the
upper axils, aggregated at end of the stem, the peduncles articulated;
leaves linear or oblong, rather thick, truncate at base, crenate
throughout; calyx 8-12 mm. long. Carpel-awns antrorsely pilose.
Paraguay, Uruguay, and (?) northern Argentina.................

Af tee IEA RNS ARR ORCL RP ie Pt S. multicrena Hochr. Note 71

87. Petals (in S. santaremensis?) prevailingly yellow, sometimes whitish or
tinged with pink, not more than 12 mm. long; calyx smaller (88).

88. Leaves 14 to very nearly as wide as long, ovate to suborbicular; herbage
velutinous. Carpels with short awns, these with spreading, stellate
and. simple hairs. Northern Argentina ioc... 52020606 oe aajente'se nie v0
ABC AO of ROR OIRO Ook S. cordifolia var. breviaristata Monteiro f.

88. Leaves usually less than 14 as wide as long (89).

89. Leaves normally more or less rhombic and cuneate at base, lanceolate
to ovate or obovate; carpels commonly longer than wide. Plants often
suffrutescent to shrubby; herbage seldom conspicuously pubescent;
infrapetiolar tubercles sometimes present; stipules more or less per-
sistent; flowers solitary or few in the axils, or more or less clustered
apically, the peduncles short or elongate; carpels mostly 10-14, with
long, glabrous or minutely pilosulous awns, or sometimes nearly
muticous. Almost throughout South America; North America; Old
VV ODIC =, Jtis wheats sea iacem ta oatnen lee ns S. rhombifolia L. Note 72

89. Leaves not rhombic, not (?) cuneate at base, elliptic, oval, or suborbicu-
lar; carpels wider than long. Small infrapetiolar tubercles present;
carpel-awns 1 mm. or longer. Northern Argentina ..............
Sheree S. santaremensis Monteiro f. var. Krapovickasiana Monteiro f.

90. Inflorescence of few-flowered, axillary, short-peduncled, subumbellate
or subracemose clusters, the flowers seldom solitary in the axils,
flowers very small, the calyx barely 5 mm. long, rounded-campanu-
late, not at all angulate, the petals little, if any, longer. Plants shrubby
or suffruticose; herbage stellate-tomentose; leaves short-petiolate,
ovate to lanceolate, often subrhombic, cuneate, rounded, or subcor-
date at base, obtuse to subacuminate at apex, rather finely crenate or
dentate; calyx densely tomentose, the lobes acutish; petals pink with
a dark basal spot (or yellow turning red?); carpels about 10, muticous

264 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 11

or mucronate, with thin, finely reticulate lateral walls. Venezuela,
Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina; West Indies .. .S. acuminata DC. Note 73

90. Inflorescence otherwise, or the flowers larger, or the calyx more or less
angulate (91).

91. Petals purple, pink, or white drying pink or (in S. purpurascens?) ex-
ceptionally yellow (92).

91. Petals (in S. santaremensis?, S. tuberculata?) normally yellow or orange,
sometimes drying pink (97).

92. Stems decumbent or procumbent; leaves about as wide as long, up to
2.5 cm. long, rather long-petiolate, subcordate or subtruncate at base,
coarsely crenate-dentate. Stems with long, spreading hairs in addition
to other pubescence; flowers solitary in the axils, the peduncles long
(often longer than the subtending leaves), slender; petals about 15
mm. long, white or pink, rather deeply emarginate, slightly asym-
metric; carpels 10, muticous, with fragile lateral walls. Paraguay. .

UE EUS Wd oe tas ite eae S. pseudocymbalaria (Hassler) Hassler. Note 74

92. Stems erect or ascending; leaves longer than wide (93).

93. Leaves usually less than 4% as wide as long, oblong or lanceolate, rather
long-petiolate; stems (except sometimes in S. Weberbaueri) with long,
simple hairs in addition to other pubescence. Carpels muticous or
slightly apiculate (94).

93. Leaves 44-96 as wide as long; stems without long hairs (95).

94. Carpels 11-13, the indehiscent (basal) portion strongly reticulate; petals
rose-violet; leaves narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate, rounded or
subcordate at base. Southern Brazil, northern Argentina .........
SRT lee Stee ile eis ee RRE METS tie atetatele eietaw a eta s eae ae S. Regnellii R. E. Fries

94. Carpels 6 or 7, muticous, with 2 short, thick, obtuse beaks, the inde-
hiscent portion very rugose with about 4 elevated, oblique or trans-
verse ridges; petals white or lilac with pink or purple bases and (or)
veins; leaves lanceolate, subrhombic, more or less cuneate at base.
GLUE triattanats & nies fe teiv eee omin were oe: Sp line eee S. Weberbaueri Ulbr.

95. Petals about 20 mm. long, pale lilac; carpels (about 15?), subangulate at
apex; stipules linear-lanceolate. A shrub, up to 3 m. high; stems
pulverulent, tomentose; leaves ovate, about 14 as wide as long, den-
ticulate-serrulate, sometimes shallowly 3-lobed, rounded or subcor-
date at base, acuminate; flowers cymosely clustered at apex of the
stem and branches. Peru ....S. pulverulenta (Ulbr.) Kearney. Note 75

95. Petals less than 15 mm. long; carpels 7-9, muticous, glabrous; stipules
filiform or nearly so (96).

96. Peduncles elongate, sometimes surpassing the subtending leaves, very
slender; leaves elliptic or somewhat rhombic, more or less cuneate at
base, obtuse or acutish at apex, serrate, 44-14 as wide as long; petals
white, drying pink. Southern Brazil, Paraguay.................-
ia AAS SA Sie hc Suet Ne oy Zt iat S. adscendens St. Hil. Note 76

96. Peduncles much shorter than the leaves; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceo-
late, rounded, truncate, or cordate at base, acuminate at apex, ir-
regularly crenate or serrate, /2-%4 as wide as long; petals pink or pale
purple (sometimes yellow?). Carpels smooth or nearly so, the walls
framile, Bravile 45 .foser. S. purpurascens Salzm. ex K. Schum. Note 77

SEPTEMBER, 1958] SOUTH AMERICAN SIDA 265

97. Inflorescence mostly of loose, few-flowered clusters on often elongate
axillary branchlets but some of the flowers also solitary in the axils;
carpels (10 or more) obliquely cuspidate or aristulate, the basal section
strongly reticulate, much wider than the smooth apical section. Plants
herbaceous or suffrutescent; stems erect, sparsely to copiously stel-
late-tomentose or tomentulous, with inconspicuous infrapetiolar
tubercles; leaves broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, often somewhat
rhombic, subcuneate or truncate at base, crenate or serrate; calyx-
lobes deltoid, acute or mucronate; petals about 10 mm. long, yellow
(exceptionally white?). Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina .............
Se tapie re yah POET a ene nS MAL sci 6 S. Glaziovii K. Schum. Note 78

97. Inflorescence (in S. santaremensis?) otherwise; carpels muticous to cor-
niculate (98).

98. Carpel-apex corniculate, the horns rather long and broad; leaves orbicu-
lar to elliptic, not rhombic. Petals about 10 mm. long; carpels (9?)
LO=14 Brazil andinorthern Argentina: 20%.) 4.05 << acs sie ns eles seteye:
Met seks FOU Wars. wie's Bem ie Mle ee S. santaremensis Monteiro f. Note 79

98. Carpel-apex muticous or apiculate or, if corniculate (in S. tobatiensis),
then the horns much narrower (99).

99. Stems with numerous long, simple hairs and subtomentose with short,
stellate hairs; leaves oval to suborbicular, subcordate or truncate at
base, corolla about 20 mm. long, yellow drying pink. Flowers solitary,
rather long-pedunculate; carpels 10, dehiscent dorsally, the lateral
walls very thin and fragile. Brazil (Minas Geraes)...............

See ai aree ns ate eneiaaie. 0/4 sia elent ‘axle iescaste Senge S. rubifolia St. Hil. Note 80

99. Stems without long, simple hairs, stellate-tomentose or tomentulous;
leaves narrower; corolla smaller (100).

100. Leaves up to 2 cm. long, oblong, about 3 as wide as long, truncate at
base, the margin of the lower 14 entire; calyx about 5 mm. long,
minutely puberulent. Stems woody, with infrapetiolar tubercles;
flowers solitary in the axils, the petals not described; carpels 6 or 7, the
mature fruit unknown. Brazil (Minas Geraes) ...............+++-
Met ie dn cre Wie el Ase 2 bo.8 Ua ete es Oh S. tuberculata R. E. Fries. Note 81

100. Leaves up to 5 cm. long, not more than 14 as wide as long (except
sometimes in S. urosepala), rounded to subcordate at base; calyx 8-10
mm. long (101).

101. Petals about 15 mm. long, pale orange, entirely glabrous; calyx yellow-
ish-tomentulous, the lobes acute; floral leaves much reduced, the in-
florescence appearing subracemose; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate,
Y%-14 as wide as long; carpels about 12, minutely curved-corniculate

abapes. Paraguay: onl te tiie. codes oes S. tobatiensis Ulbr. Note 82

101. Petals about 10 mm. long, bright yellow with a dark base, drying pink,
ciliate at base; calyx hirsute with long, simple hairs, the lobes rather
abruptly caudate-acuminate; floral leaves not (?) greatly reduced, the
flowers subcorymbosely aggregated toward apex; leaves narrowly
oblong, 44-14 as wide as long; carpels 7, slightly 2-lobed at apex.
Brazil (Sao PAM) ees och cee seas 8 oe S. urosepala R. E. Fries. Note 83

266 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 11

NOTES

1. The following taxa, some of which probably do not belong to the genus
Sida as now restricted, are insufficiently known for inclusion in this key:
S. amoena Desf. (Brazil), S. angulata Vell. (Brazil), S. betulaefolia Schrank
(Brazil), S. brasiliensis Cay. (Brazil), S. chacoensis Hassler (Paraguay, nom.
nud.?), 8. compressicaulis Larranaga (Brazil), S. echinata Willd. (Ecuador),
S. graminifolia Rich. (Guiana), S. hirticarpa Larrafiaga (Uruguay), S. inflata
Larranaga (Uruguay), §. Luschnathiana Steud. (Brazil), S. micrantha Schrank
non St. Hil. (Brazil), §. Miqueliana Turcz. (Brazil), §. myriantha Planch. &
Lind. (Colombia, Brazil), §. nemorensis Mart. ex Colla (Brazil), S. ovalis
Kostel. (Peru), S. Pohliana Pres] (Peru), S. radiciflora Pres] (Ecuador), S.
rhombiformis Larrafiaga (Uruguay), S. ribifolia St. Hil. (Brazil), S. Rojasii
Lév. non Hassler (Argentina), S. semidentata St. Hil. & Naud. (Brazil), S.
setosa Mart. ex Colla (Brazil), S. suborbicularis St. Hil. & Naud. (Brazil), 8.
tomentosa Mart. ex Colla non Cav. (Brazil), S. villosa Mill. (South America),
S. viscidula Klotzsch (Brazil?) Sida Tulla Ulbr. is excluded (see Leafl. West.
Bot. 7:121).

2. Paragraphs 2 to 8, inclusive, were taken from R. E. Fries’ treatment of
this section (K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. ser. 3, 242:14-19).

3. The petals of S. lomana were described as probably ochroleucous.

4. Perhaps not specifically distinct from S. oligandra.

5. Fries thought this very near S. lomana.

6. Synonym: S. ricinoides L’Hér. Contrary to the statement by Schumann
(Fl. Bras. 123:322), a specimen from Prov. Chimborazo, Ecuador (W. H.
‘Camp E2999) has the stems and petioles hirsute with very long, spreading,
simple hairs.

7. Synonyms: S. palmata Cav. (Diss. p. 274, not p. 20) and of Jacq.

8. Very close to S. anomala St. Hil.

9. Synonyms: see Key to the North American Species, Leafl. West. Bot.
7:148, Note 3.

10. Synonyms: S. sulphurea (Gill.) A. Gray.

11. S. pseudocymbalaria (Hassler) Hassler, with strongly connivent calyx-
lobes, might be sought here, but the calyx is only moderately accrescent (see
first paragraph 92).

12. Synonyms: S. flavescens K. Schum. non Cav. (fide Rodrigo).

13. Synonyms: S. stolonifera Salzm., Anoda decumbens Hochr. (See also
Key to the North American Species, Leafl. West. Bot. 7:148, Note 11.) This
species was included by Rodrigo in Section Physalodes but Monteiro f.
placed it in his Malvinda-Pentacocca Section Decumbentae.

14. Synonym: S. hastata St. Hil. non Willd.

15. Synonyms: S. flavescens Cav., S. intermedia St. Hil. This species ap-
parently intergrades with S. urticaefolia (first paragraph 15).

16. Synonyms: S. physaloides Pres] and (doubtfully) S. cymbalaria Hochr.
The latter, from Paraguay, was described as suffrutescent, with white-tom-
entose young branches and sessile glands on the petioles. It was reduced
by Hassler to a variety of S$. macrodon. The photograph of the type at

SEPTEMBER, 1958] SOUTH AMERICAN SIDA 267

Chicago Museum shows, however, that, as compared with the type of S.
macrodon, the leaves are more elongate (ovate), symmetric, more shallowly
dentate, and strongly discolorous.

17. Synonyms: S. angustissima Miq. non St. Hil., S. campi Vell., 8. viminea
Fisch., and (doubtfully) S. Fiebrigit Ulbr. The last, from Paraguay, has the
lower leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate and was described as having the
petals dark red toward the base. It may be at least varietally distinct.

18. S. glabra Mill. (second paragraph 70) might be sought here, but the
flowers, although sometimes in an open leafy panicle and long-pedicellate,
are relatively few.

19. Synonyms: see Key to the North American Species, Leafl. West. Bot.
7:148, Note 14.

20. Synonyms: see Key to the North American Species, ibid., p. 148, Note
18.

21. Synonyms: see Key to the North American Species, ibid., p. 148, Note
16. S. capituliflora Colla, from Brazil, was described as differing from S.
dumosa (S. pyramidata) in having merely acutish leaves, more pubescent
herbage, and a more capitate inflorescence.

22. Synonyms: see Key to the North American Species, ibid., p. 148, Note
15.

23. The following 5-carpellary taxa were too inadequately described for
inclusion in this key: S. Bradei Baker f. (Brazil), S. chachapoyensis Baker f.
(Peru), S. obsita Mart. ex Colla (Brazil). Monteiro f. thought that the first
might be a synonym of S. viarum St. Hil. but, as described, it has broader
leaves, shorter petioles and peduncles, a larger calyx (about 8 mm. high),
and apparently no long hairs.

24. Synonyms: S. mollis Rich. non Ortega and (doubtfully) S. viridis St.
Hil. & Naud.

25. Synonyms: S. savannarum K. Schum. and (doubtfully) S. pilifera
Klotzsch. The latter name may never have been published as it is not in
Index Kew. and FI. Bras.

26. Considered by Ulbrich to be related to S. Weberbaueri (second para-
graph 94) but he described the latter as having the fruit usually 7-merous.

27. Synonyms: S. abscissa Willd., S. serrata var. abscissa (Willd.) K. Schum.

28. Ulbrich thought this species related to S. spinosa. The relationship
seems closer to S. serrata.

29. Synonym (fide Rodrigo): S. argentina var. paraguayensis Ulbr.

30. Synonyms: see Key to the North American Species, Leafl. West. Bot.
7:149, Note 22.

31. Synonyms: S. Dombeyana DC., S. repens Dombey ex Cav., S. veronici-

folia var. hederifolia K. Schum. This species seems closely related to the

. Old World S. veronicaefolia Lam., but in the latter the carpels are commonly
muticous. .

32. The peculiar carpels are somewhat like those of S. dictyocarpa Griseb.
(first paragraph 68). Rusby described the corolla as “slightly exceeding the
calyx” and “light purple,” but in the type collection, it is 1.5 times as long
as the calyx and appears orange-yellow.

268 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 11

33. Stated by Monteiro f. to be related to S. aurantiaca var. fragrantissima
K. Schum., which was described in Fl. Bras. as having erect, strict, virgate
stems and small linear or subovate-lanceolate, minutely crenulate, often
obtuse, inconspicuously 3-nerved leaves.

34. Paragraphs 43 are based on comparison of photographs of the types
of S. acrantha and S. subcuneata. They certainly appear specifically distinct.
Monteiro f. published the combination S. swbcuneata var. acrantha but S.
acrantha is the older name.

35. Ulbrich thought this species related to S. linifolia, but he described
the leaves as regularly and acutely serrate.

36. Ulbrich did not state the number of carpels, but as he thought this
species related to S. tomentella Miq., the number is presumably 5.

37. Very similar in appearance to S. tomentella Miq. (first paragraph 50).

38. Too imperfectly described for certain identification. |

39. Doubtfully distinct from S. urens or S. tomentella.

40. Perhaps a synonym of S. caudata St. Hil. & Naud., an older name.

41. Synonyms: see Key to the North American Species, Leafl. West. Bot.
7:149, Note 24.

42. The above characterization is based upon two specimens in the U. S.
National Herbarium which correspond rather well with St. Hilaire’s descrip-
tion. These are from Venezuela (L. H. Bailey 99) and Bolivia (Bang 2807).
Synonyms: S. urens var. rufescens (St. Hil.) Baker f. and, probably S. wrens
var. aurea Hassler, described from Paraguay.

43. See Fl. Jamaica 53:114. This species is poorly understood. In Fl. Bras.
and Index Kew., S. alba is cited as a synonym of S. spinosa L. which, how-
ever, has apically dehiscent carpels.

44. Including var. viscosissima St. Hil. (A. Juss.?). In Fl. Bras. §. Martiana
was cited as a synonym of S. aurantiaca. Monteiro f. (Lilloa 17:504) recog-
nized both as species and the carpel-characters in paragraphs 55 are taken
from his key.

45. Synonyms: see Key to the North American Species, Leafl. West. Bot.
7:149, Note 28.

46. Synonyms: see Key to the North American Species, ibid., Note 29.

47. Basonym: S. angustifolia Lam.

48. Basonym: S. Riedelii K. Schum. It may be specifically distinct from S.
spinosa.

49. Synonym: S. ramosissima Killip & Cuatrecasas non (Presl) D. Dietr.

50. Very imperfectly known, being based on a single old specimen showing
only the top of the plant.

51. Synonym: see Note 31.

52. Ulbrich thought this related to S. decumbens St. Hil. & Naud. (see
first paragraph 16), but the photograph of the type indicates a very different
plant from either S. decumbens or from S. veronicaefolia, of which Monteiro
f. suggested that it might be a variety.

53. Ulbrich considered the relationship to be with S. goyazensis (see sec-
ond paragraph 25) but Monteiro f. thought it near S. veronicaefolia. Com-

SEPTEMBER, 1958] SOUTH AMERICAN SIDA 269

parison of photographs of the types shows it to be very similar to S. cearensis
and perhaps not specifically distinct.

54. Hassler compared this species with S. veronicaefolia.

55. Synonym: S. dictyocarpa var. esperanzae (R. E. Fries) Rodrigo and
perhaps not more than varietally distinct.

56. Related to S. glutinosa Cav., fide Hassler. This also is doubtfully dis-
tinct, as a species, from S. dictyocarpa. See also second paragraph 41.

57. Characters from Hochreutiner (Ann. Genéve 20:138) who compared
it with S$. decumbens St. Hil. & Naud.

58. Synonyms: see Key to the North American Species, Leafl. West. Bot.
7:148, Note 19.

59. Synonyms: S. guianensis K. Schum., Sidastrum quinquenervium Baker
f. If the carpels are dehiscent as described by Baker, the genus Sidastrum
Baker f. perhaps should be maintained.

60. S. interrupta Balb., of Colombia (carpels 8-10) presumably belongs
to this section but was too imperfectly described for inclusion in this key.
If a Sida, it seems very different from any other species in this key, to judge
by a photograph of the upper part of the plant, which shows the broadly
ovate, acuminate leaves nearly sessile and the flowers in dense, widely spaced,
subsessile glomerules, these in long, naked, terminal, spike-like inflores-
cences. S. sessiliflora Hook. from Mendoza (Argentina?) with very broad
merely acute leaves and very small, yellow flowers (carpels 10) is not iden-
tifiable and may not even be a Sida, as Hooker did not state that the carpels
are l-ovulate.

61. Synonyms: see Key to the North American Species, Leafl. West. Bot.
7:149, Note 33. Also S$. Arrudiana Monteiro f. which Monteiro himself
(ined.?) subsequently reduced to synonymy. This species is sometimes diffi-
cult to distinguish from S. glomerata. (See first paragraph 27.)

62. Petal-color as described by Rusby, but wants checking.

’ 63. Monteiro’s original description should be consulted for additional
characters. In his key (Monogr. Malv. Bras.), he placed next to this species
“S. elata Hassler” (S. potentilloides ssp. elata Hassler?) from Paraguay, dis-
tinguishing the latter as having the upper leaves broader and carpels larger
(8.5 mm. long including the awns) and with the orifice rather long-pilose.

64. In B. Rambo 40353 from Villa Manresa, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,
the stems are rather copiously verrucose or shortly aculeate. I can find no
mention of this character. It is less strongly developed in Brizuela 924 and
1359 from Prov. Catamarca and in several other specimens from Argentina.

65. This variety, of Leite & Monteiro, was described in Lilloa 17:519.

66. Synonym (fide Monteiro f., Lilloa 17:516): S. potentilloides K. Schum.,
non St. Hil. Judging from the photograph of the type of S. dubia St. Hil.
& Naud. this also may be a synonym.

67. Synonyms: see Key-to the North American Species, Leafl. West. Bot.
7:149, Note 37. See also first paragraph 88 of this key.

68. Ulbrich described this as having about 10 styles and 5 carpels! From
the shape of the calyx as shown in photograph of type, the fruit may well
be 5-carpellary.

270 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 11

69. Basonym: Sida cordifolia var. variegata Griseb. Synonym: S. montana
K. Schum. non D. Dietr.

70. As restricted by Monteiro f. (Lilloa 17:520) who cited S. anarthra
Ekman as a synonym.

71. Synonym (fide Monteiro f., Lilloa 17:520): S$. camporum (Hassler)
Hassler. According to Monteiro f. (ibid., p. 516) S. multicrena var. longearis-
tata (Hassler) Hochr., as interpreted by Rodrigo (Rev. Mus. La Plata ser. 2,
6:160-163, fig. 32) is S. pseudo-potentilloides.

72. An extremely variable species. Synonyms: see Key to the North Amer-
ican Species, Leafl. West. Bot. 7:150, Note 45. S. lonchitis St. Hil. & Naud.
may also be a synonym. Several varieties were described in FI. Bras. (123:339),
of which var. surinamensis (Miq.) K. Schum. (S. Kohautiana Presl) is the
most distinct, having lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, more or less rhombic,
attenuate-acuminate leaves up to 15 cm. long and carpels with very long,
flexuous awns. A specimen from Colombia (Cuatrecasas 15913) has similar
carpels but the leaves are rounded at base and scarcely rhombic, although
otherwise as in var. surinamensis, and the flowers are subcorymbosely clus-
tered at apex of axillary branchlets. This may represent an undescribed
species.

73. Several varieties have been described, including (both from Paraguay)
var. Rojasii (Hassler) Hassler (S. Rojasii Hassler) with longer petioles and
stipules than in typical S. acuminata and petals 7—-7.5 mm. long; and var.
grandiflora Hassler with petals 9 mm. long and about 1.5 times as long as
the calyx.

74. Basonym: S. rubifolia St. Hil. ssp. pseudocymbalaria Hassler. Synonym:
S. rubifolia £. suborbicularis Chod. & Hassler. Compare first paragraph 99.
Plant very similar in general appearance to S. argentina (second paragraph
37) but described as having 10 muticous carpels.

75. Basonym: Abutilon pulverulentum Ulbr. Ulbrich gave the number of
style-branches as 7 or 8, the number of carpels as about 15.

76. Synonym (fide Hassler): §. paraguariensis Hochr.

77. A homonym, Sida purpurascens Link (Abutilon purpurascens K.
Schum.) being a much older name. Schumann (Fl. Bras. 123:346) thought
that S. subsessilis Turcz. might be the same as S. purpurascens Salzm., but
Turczaninow’s name is also invalid, there being an older S. subsessilis, of
Colla.

78. Synonym (fide Monteiro f.): $. Bradei Ulbr., non Baker f.

79. Compare second paragraph 89.

80. Compare S. pseudocymbalaria, first paragraph 92.

81. Var. pseudorhombifolia Monteiro f., also from Brazil, was described
as having linear to elliptic or subrhombic leaves, resembling S. rhombifolia
but having different chromosome numbers.

82. Thought by Ulbrich to be related to S. Barclayi Baker f. See Key to
the North American Species, first paragraph 49, Leafl. West. Bot. 7:146. The
types of S. tobatiensis, to judge by a photograph, has much the appearance
of S. salviaefolia Pres.

83. Reduced to synonymy under S. subcuneata by Monteiro f. (Lilloa
17:514). Compare S. acrantha, first paragraph 43.

SEPTEMBER, 1958 ORCHID NEW TO UNITED STATES 271

AN ORCHID NEW TO THE UNITED STATES

BY DONOVAN S. CORRELL
Texas Research Foundation, Renner, Texas

Habenaria Chorisiana Cham., one of the rarest plants in
North America, was apparently collected for the only time in
the United States in 1912, but it has remained unrecorded until
now. Three plants were found at Lake Serene, Snohomish
County, Washington, on July 14, 1912, by H. B. Hinman.

This collection was discovered recently when I was checking
through the general herbarium that was maintained by Profes-
sor Oakes Ames during his lifetime at his home in North Easton,
Massachusetts. A note by Professor Ames on the folder contain-
ing the mounted collection states “From C. V. Piper for deter-
mination.” Only the generic name “Habenaria (Piperia)” was
entered on the sheet.

At the time my work, Native Orchids of North America
North of Mexico, was published in 1950, Habenaria Chorisiana
was known to me only from British Columbia (Ucluelet, Van-
couver Island), Alaska (Juneau, fide Anderson), the Aleutian
Islands (Adak, Atka, Attu, and Unalaska), and Japan (op. cit.,
p- 64). An excellent drawing by Gordon W. Dillon appears on
page 61 of the above-mentioned publication. The plants, which
are the smallest of any species of Habenaria, seldom exceed 10
cm. in height, and the flowers are rarely more than 2 mm. in
length. The pair of sub-basal leaves and the few-flowered,
scapose inflorescence, coupled with the fact that the plants
usually grow in heaths and swamps, make it difficult to detect
in nature. This doubtless accounts, in part, for its apparent
rarity.

It is of interest to note that Professor Ames’ general herbar-
ium was given to Texas Research Foundation by Mrs. Oakes
Ames at the time the Oakes Ames botanical library, housed at
North Easton, was acquired by the Foundation. It numbers
nearly 8000 specimens that include such items as the collections
of A. A. Eaton from southern Florida, Charles Wright’s Con-
necticut collections, F. Tracy Hubbard’s general collections, and
M. L. Fernald’s early collections from northeastern United
States and Canada.

1] wish to acknowledge the help of Dr. C. Leo Hitchcock and his observant secretary in
locating Lake Serene for me. He informs me that it is about 8 miles south of Everett and
about 2 miles inland from Norma Beach on Puget

212 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY __ [VOL. VIII, NO. 11

A LAWN WEED FROM STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CALIFORNIA. In
August, 1957, J. T. Howell observed the vegetative portions of a
lawn weed on the Stanford campus. The plant was unknown to
Mr. Howell and had gone unnoticed by the Stanford botanists
even though it made extensive, rather dense and not unattrac-
tive mats among the other lawn plants. Recently the plant has
flowered on the margins of the lawn where it escapes the blades
of the mower and is now known to be Stellaria graminea L., a
native of Europe (Thomas & Ernst 7202, DS, CAS). Although
this species has been found in the lawns of southern California
and is known from the Pacific Northwest as well as the Atlantic
Coast, it has not been reported from western middle California.
What seems to be the same thing also occurs in a lawn near the
Golden Gate Park Lodge in San Francisco, but Mr. Howell
found no flowers on these plants during the last year. Conse-
quently, this species was not included in the recently published
Flora of San Francisco by Howell, Raven, and Rubtzoff.—J. H.
‘THOMAS AND W. R. Ernst, Stanford University.

IRIS LONGIPETALA IN SONOMA County, CAirornia. Iris longt-
petala Herbert has been recently collectetd at two stations in
Sonoma County, California: on a vernally wet flat bordering a
marsh 34 mile northeast of Occidental near the Graton road,
where it forms a large colony (Rubtzoff 3339, May 11, 1957, in
flower); and in moist open ground at the border of a marsh at
the mouth of Atascadero Creek, one mile northwest of Graton,
where a single small patch was found (Rubtzoff 3635, May 3,
1958, in flower). These, apparently, are the first records of this
endemic of central coastal California from Sonoma County.
Heretofore it has been recorded as far north as northern Marin
County (cf. J. T. Howell, Marin Flora, 1949, p. 108). It may be
mentioned here that David Douglas’ flowering specimens of
this species (cf. J. T. Howell, A collection of Douglas’ western
American plants — IV, Leafl. West. Bot. 2:116-119) most prob-
ably were not collected in Sonoma County, since Douglas made
his trip through Marin and Sonoma counties in late July, 1831
(cf. J. T. Howell, Concerning David Douglas, Leafl. West. Bot.
3:160—162) when this iris does not bloom.—PETER RUBTZOFF.

Vol. VIII No. 12

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

CONTENTS
PAGE
Thomas Henry Kearney: Autobiographical Notes. . . 273
Manama I hd Ave eGOWIE 6 Se ee ee Oe A

Tuomas H. KEARNEY

Bibliography of the Scientific Writings of
PPR ES MOCEREW Rr). oy S tS al one iea e
ELIZABETH McCLINTOCK

The Thomas H. Kearney Memorial Fund. . .. .%.4%288
Sie MILE CMA G ip ne 2’. ae aetna y rege te SOR
Le Se Sao DRL a Se a. Aa
+ SOBRE “oc SRS Coe eae aati agi rt eer cae |

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA
NovEMBER 24, 1958

LEAFLETS
of
WESTERN BOTANY

A publication devoted particularly to the native and naturalized
plants of western North America and to the cultivated plants
of California, appearing about four times each year. Subscrip-
tion, $2.00 annually. Cost of back files or single numbers fur-
nished on request. Address: John Thomas Howell, California
Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco 18.

Cited as

LEAFL. WEstT. Bort.

Owned and published by

Joun THomAs HOWELL

NOVEMBER, 1958 THOMAS HENRY KEARNEY 273
3

THOMAS HENRY KEARNEY:
AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL NOTES

1874. Born June 27 at Cincinnati, Ohio.

1884. Moved to Knoxville, Tennessee, with father, mother, and
two sisters.

1889. Was graduated from Knoxville High School and entered
“University of Tennessee, finishing junior year in 1891.

1892.Employed at University of Tennessee as assistant to
F. Lamson-Scribner, the professor of botany.

1893. Spent several weeks in mountains of Kentucky collecting
specimens of plants, and then went to New York, taking a
special course in botany and geology at Columbia University
and working in the herbarium as assistant curator under Prof.
N. L. Britton.

1894. Went to Washington, D.C., as assistant agrostologist in the
Department of Agriculture under Prof. Scribner who had come
there from Knoxville. I held this position until 1897.

1898-1900. During this period I was assistant botanist in the De-
partment of Agriculture under Mr. F. V. Coville, the chief of
the Division of Botany. I made a botanical survey of the Dismal
Swamp in southeastern Virginia, and then accompanied Mr.
Coville as his assistant on the Harriman Alaska Expedition of
1899. A large botanical collection was made on the expedition
which took us from Seattle to the Bering Straits.

1900-1944. Was successively assistant physiologist, physiologist,
senior physiologist, and principal physiologist in the Bureau
of Plant Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

1901. Several months were spent in California and Arizona,
studying alkali soils and crop growth on such soils.

1902. From August to October, I was in northern Africa with
Thomas H. Means, of the U.S. Bureau of Soils, studying crop

Leaflets of Western Botany, Vol. VIII, pp. 273-300, November 24, 1958

ra LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY [VOL. VIII, NO. 12

growth on alkali soils in Algeria and cotton cultivation in
Egypt. Afterwards took several weeks leave of absence for travel
through Italy, southern France, and Spain, mainly just sight-
seeing.

1903. Started work in Arizona breeding Egyptian-type cotton
for production in the southwestern United States. This was to
be my principal occupation from then on until I retired from
government service. As a result, two varieties of long-staple cot-
ton were developed: Pima, which was produced on a large scale
during World War I, and S Xx P, which was the principal long-
staple variety grown in the Southwest during World War II.
Both of these cottons were extensively used in the manufacture
of various military fabrics.

1904, 1905. The months of October to February were passed in
Tunisia, North Africa, studying date culture and obtaining
several hundred offshoots of the better varieties for planting in
the desert region of southern California.

1920. The University of Arizona gave me the honorary degree
of LL.D. in recognition of the work with Pima cotton.

1925-1942. During this period I became interested in the native
flora of Arizona, making many collecting trips with my associates
into all parts of the state and accumulating a large herbarium at
our headquarters at Sacaton. Owing to the pressure of our of-
ficial work with cotton, the study of the flora was mainly a
week-end job. It resulted in the publication by the Department
of Agriculture, in 1942, of “Flowering Plants and Ferns of Ari-
zona,” Robert H. Peebles being co-author with myself.

1944. Retired from Government Service on June 30 and went
to San Francisco to live, my two sisters having settled there
many years previously. At the cordial invitation of Miss Alice
Eastwood, the veteran botanist who headed the Department of
Botany in the California Academy of Sciences, I made my
working headquarters there and was given the title of Research
Associate in Botany. My time became occupied largely in prepar-
ing, with Mr. Peebles, “Arizona Flora,’ which was published
in 1952 by the University of California Press and was essentially
an enlarged edition of “Flowering Plants and Ferns of Arizona.”

NOVEMBER, 1958] BOTANISTS I HAVE KNOWN 219

Also, I continued my studies of Malvaceae and published num-
erous papers on that subject in botanical journals.

1949. Served as president of the California Botanical Society.

1954. Appointed Honorary Curator of the Department of
Botany of the California Academy of Sciences in June.

1956. Awarded Certificate of Merit by the Botanical Society of
America on August 28 at Storrs, Connecticut.

* * *

The Certificate of Merit that Dr. Kearney received in 1956
was awarded “in recognition of distinguished achievement in
and contributions to the advancement of botanical science,”
and was presented with the following particular citation: “for
his early theoretical contributions to plant geography, his work
in cotton breeding, his systematic studies in the Malvaceae, and
his part in the preparation of the Flora of Arizona.”

Dr. Kearney died in San Francisco on October 19, 1956.

BOTANISTS I HAVE KNOWN

BY THOMAS H. KEARNEY

‘It is difficult to talk about people one has known without a
little autobiographical information, which I shall include even
at the risk of being thought more conceited than I actually am.
The other day I was asked how I happened to become a botanist.
As I look back, it seems the answer is I couldn’t well have been
anything else. I was fond of flowers in my earliest childhood,
and not always the handsome or showy ones.

My first formal instruction in botany, if it could be called
such, was by an elderly lady who also taught algebra and
English literature in the high school in Knoxville, Tennessee.
Our textbook was “How Plants Grow” by Asa Gray. This teacher
introduced me to Albert Ruth, Superintendent of Knoxville
Public Schools and an enthusiastic amateur botanist. I often
went botanizing with him, our longest hike being to Thunder-
head.

+ Adapted from the quite ample notes prepared by Dr. Kearney for reminiscences given
before a meeting of the California Botanical Society in Berkeley on April 16, 1953.

276 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 12

Professor Lamson-Scribner was the first professional botanist
with whom I became acquainted. I studied botany under him
at University of Tennessee. He had already achieved distinction
as an agrostologist and one day showed me a specimen of the
little western grass, Scribneria, named in his honor by Eduard
Hackel. He was an enthusiastic photographer. One Sunday
afternoon when I was working in the herbarium I heard him
singing in the dark room over and over again:

O you are a Cinna
C-I-N-N-A
Working at photography
All the Sabbath day.

Desiring to broaden my experience I wrote to Dr. N. L.
Britton and to Dr. B. L. Robinson asking them if there would
be any opening for me in their institutions. Britton replied,
offering me a small position in the herbarium of Columbia Uni-
versity which I promptly accepted. A few days later I received
a cordial letter from Dr. Robinson with a similar offer of work
at Harvard. I have often wondered how things might have
turned out if I had gone to Cambridge instead of New York.

I found Dr. Britton to be a very likable person, full of fun,
yet a tireless worker. In the Torrey Herbarium I was closely as-
sociated with John Small and A. A. Heller, and we ate together
at the same boarding house. Small imbued me with his love of
music and we often went to operas and concerts together, in
the top gallery, of course. Other and less regular workers as-
sociated with Britton in my time were H. H. Rusby (Bolivian
plants), Anna Murray Vail (asclepiads), Eugene Bicknell
(Sisyrinchium), and George Nash (grasses). Nash owed his inter-
est in grasses to George Thurber of Mexican boundary fame,
who had been his neighbor at Passaic, New Jersey.

Meanwhile, Scribner had gone to Washington, as chief of the
newly created Division of Agrostology in the United States De-
partment of Agriculture. He offered me a position as assistant
at a salary so tempting that I could not refuse it, although I was
loathe to leave the very congenial associations in New York. I
found J. G. Smith (Sagittaria) already installed in the division,
and later A. S. Hitchcock and E. D. Merrill joined the staff.
Scribner sent me on a grass collecting trip through the south-
eastern states, in the course of which I met Dr. Alvin Chapman,
then nearly 90 years old, in his home at Apalachicola, Florida,
and Dr. Charles Mohr, at Mobile, Alabama, then working on
his Flora of Alabama.

NOVEMBER, 1958] BOTANISTS I HAVE KNOWN 277

Not wishing to make grasses my life work, I accepted F. V.
Coville’s offer of a job in the Division of Botany. I went with
him on a reconnaissance of Dismal Swamp in southeastern Vir-
ginia, preparatory to making a botanical survey of the area. The
swamp was beautiful at the end of April in 1898. We received
news of Dewey’s victory as we came out of the swamp.

In the following year I experienced one of the biggest events
of my life, the Harriman Alaska Expedition in 1899, on which
I went as Coville’s assistant. Other botanists in the party were
William Trelease, B. E. Fernow (then Chief Forester in the
United States Department of Agriculture), and W. H. Brewer,
who was advanced in years and inactive. Zoology was repre-
sented by C. Hart Merriam, who had organized the scientific
personnel, W. H. Dall, Wm. E. Ritter, H. K. Fisher, Robert
Ridgway, and D. G. Eliot. Louis Fuertes, then about my age
but already distinguished as a bird artist, was usually the life
of the party. Dr. Dall was an old Alaska hand and his knowledge
was encyclopaedic. Geologists of the expedition were G. K. Gil-
bert, Henry Gannett, B. K. Emerson, and Charles Palache. The
two “Johnnies” as we called them, Muir and Burroughs, repre-
sented natural history in general. In addition, there were the
Harriman family and their friends.

The expedition was beautifully organized. ‘There was a special
train from New York to Seattle, followed by a two months cruise
in an Oregon Railway and Navigation ship along the coast of
British Columbia and Alaska, going as far north as Bering
Straits and crossing to Plover Bay, in Siberia, just to say we had
been in Asia. From time to time we camped on shore for a few
days, the first time at Glacier Bay.

About this time I got to know Edward L. Greene, who had
come to Washington as Professor of Botany at Catholic Univer-
sity. I went botanizing with him occasionally and found him
most interesting but one to be handled with gloves. Greene’s
next door neighbor in suburban Brookland was Theodor Holm,
who had gone as botanist on a Danish North Pole expedition.
He and Greene were great friends for awhile but finally
quarreled bitterly, both being somewhat cantankerous. At
Holm’s house I met the Canadian botanists, John and James
Macoun.

William R. Maxon came to Washington a year or two after
I did. He was already started on his life work with ferns, which
he had studied under Prof. Underwood at Syracuse University.

278 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 12

We became very close friends immediately and remained so to
the end of his life.1

During brief visits to Cambridge I became acquainted with
Dr. B. L. Robinson who had a gentle and quiet but altogether
charming personality. Fernald I liked too, although he was as
different from Robinson as two persons could well be. His
brusque “down East” manner did not annoy me as it did some
people. I met Dr. W. G. Farlow, the distinguished cryptogamic
botanist, only casually, but cannot resist mentioning him be-
cause of an anecdote I had from Dr. George Moore.”

After a few years in the Division of Botany, my conscience
bothered me because my work had so little relation to agricul-
ture. So I transferred again, this time to the Division of Vege-
table Physiology and Pathology, soon to become the Bureau of
Plant Industry. There I was associated with such brilliant men
as Walter Swingle, David Fairchild, Erwin Smith, and O. F.
Cook. Swingle and Fairchild interested me in plant explora-
tion and encouraged me to make two trips to North Africa. In
the course of these I became well acquainted with Louis Trabut,
Government Botanist of Algeria and co-author with Battandier
of a classic flora of that country. He was one of the most inter-
esting and charming men I have ever known, with a keen but
kindly Gallic wit. I had a delightful excursion with him into the
country east of Algiers one beautiful spring day, when I had
opportunity to appreciate his intimate knowledge of the flora
and the resemblance of coastal Algeria to coastal California.

I worked in the Bureau of Plant Industry, first in crops for
alkali land, then breeding Egyptian cotton, the latter at first
under H. J. Webber. Breeding American Egyptian cotton be-
came my principal occupation until my retirement from Goy-
ernment Service in 1944.

1QOne of Dr. Kearney’s favorite anecdotes was one he liked to tell on Dr. Maxon. On
Sunday mornings Dr. Kearney often accompanied Dr. Maxon on bird watching expeditions
in Washington’s famous Rock Creek Park. One morning they met President Theodore
Roosevelt horseback riding with his wife and daughter. Dr. Maxon, who knew the Presi-
dent, said, ‘‘Good morning, Mr. President.”

President Roosevelt responded, then asked, “Can you tell me the name of that bird
whistling over there—is it a Carolina wren or a cardinal?”

“Tt is a Carolina wren, Mr. President,”’ answered Dr. Maxon.

“T can’t tell them apart,’’ complained the President.

“Well, most beginners do have that trouble, Mr. President,’’ replied Dr. Maxon.

Dr. Kearney always added that those were Maxon’s exact words although he later denied
having said them.

2 Dr. Kearney did not include the anecdote in these notes, but his hearers found it so
amusing that it must be repeated here. Dr. Farlow was, in person, a weazened little old
man at the time. He was botanizing on a suburban road near Cambridge one day, perhaps
bending over to look at something on the ground, with his back to the road. A local
matron driving past in her carriage was horrified to see that he was standing in a patch of
poison ivy.

_ “Little boy!” she called. “Little boy! Come out of there! You are standing in poison
ivy!”

The “iittle boy’? slowly turned around, realizing he was meant, removed his hat, smiled,
and bowed very low. The lady drove away.

Fig. 1. Arizona, September, 1901. T. H. Kearney in the San Francisco Mts.
on his first visit to Arizona.

‘NONIYD *O “A pue ‘Aaureay “HL “plryourey prarq “ppeyoos ‘gD ‘a8urmg pM: YS
07 1e]) ainypnosy jo JuawHIredag saieig paiuy ay) UT sareTOsse pure AoUIeaY “HLL “OZ NOK “D “q ‘UO UTYSE AA *

6 SI

‘Ty ‘tasurppey “H Hey Aq ydessojoyd “Yowrt[OIW YWoqezy pue ‘AguIeIy “HL ‘TeMOH “LL ‘[ ‘es0u “Ss “T (yet
0} }Ja]) seouatIg Jo AWoproy eIUIOF[eD oY 1e systtrRI0q pue Aaureay (HLL S61 ‘ady ‘erusosi[eD “oostoursy ues *¢

———os—“‘; }Hté‘(i‘(
ae sales t Aysiys)
voy “HL Aq Wa SajON "pf ‘SIT

ory) WOLy WUOW toyaq ysnl Aau

_sgpes eas op ee LOW rye wore
acl lh egy Re aed) sal, vig

, mln = wrens rom yon op

ee / ab pp

G 4 1 reas hg Kelly selemschs Sa Pi Preoemey ak 4: it “aaa orp hn

PEELS 1912499 Woy 2. Lr ITU Pop, a BIE:

Py, (* RG ei hfeayfon es ip Se)

ae his Ai CES BRIE (Ls 0s

— a 5 ad i ae io ips Mee af" ”

ugh LO Ct4394170 P9204 T UH Y, Y, Xo ae

aaa YL, PY yr 2

re career? f° 94 ID prop

aed

ena oe pret) 77 Yl WSO
PLOTS (phe Sh ogee | peel steel
wen ip pad sp pe rote I) acrrg iow F

ey, iS geal YU

Ta ai
ee ee

‘Abel Gir ap ey ‘obey RS 1-0 fe 7?
earl coef po range f ey

NOVEMBER, 1958] BOTANISTS I HAVE KNOWN 219

The International Phytogeographic Excursion in 1913 gave
me opportunity to meet several distinguished European botan-
ists. Dr. and Mrs. F. E. Clements conducted the party in Colo-
rado and Dr. H. L. Shantz and I took over in Utah. Professor
Adolph Engler was the dean of the European party. He was
very much the Geheimrat and we were all a little in awe of him.
But his formality relaxed a little one morning when he came
down to breakfast at the Antlers Hotel in Colorado Springs
wearing a nightshirt in place of a shirt. His shirts, he explained,
were all at laundries in various cities. He need not have apolo-
gized as it was a very handsome nightshirt, beautifully embroid-
ered with blue silk forget-me-nots. I liked especially Professor
Carl Schroter, the Swiss plant geographer, and Ove Paulsen, a
young Danish botanist. Paulsen, fresh from a study of the Cas-
pian Basin, was struck by the similarity of our Great Basin flora
and vegetation types to those of the Caspian region.

When we reached Salt Lake City, the Chamber of Commerce
tendered us a luncheon. That was the occasion of my first and
rather unfortunate encounter with Marcus Jones. We had just
seated ourselves when a waiter came to me and said that there
was a gentleman in the lobby who wished to see me. When I
went out to him, he launched into a bitter attack because he
had not been invited to a botanical luncheon in his home town.
I tried to explain that it was his own Chamber of Commerce,
and not I, who was giving the luncheon. Also that the secretary
of the Chamber was in the dining room and I would be glad to
ask him to see Jones. But the latter would not listen to my ex-
planation and went away still purple with rage.

During visits to San Francisco before I went there to live, I
became well acquainted with Professor Setchell, whom I found
always the best of company. Professor Jepson, to the best of my
recollection, I met only once, although I had corresponded with
him from time to time. When studying Sphaeralcea, I had occa-
sion to examine two of his types. They told me in the Botany
Department that an interview with Jepson was hard to obtain,
but I took a chance and knocked on his door. It opened a mere
crack and a voice inquired who I was and what I wanted. When
I explained, the door opened wide and Jepson gave me a very
cordial welcome.

Miss Alice Eastwood, whom I first knew personally in the late
1920’s or nearly 1930’s, always made me very much at home at
her hospitable luncheon table at the Academy. When I told her
I expected to retire from the Department of Agriculture in 1944

280 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 12

and was planning to make San Francisco my home, she invited
me to make the Academy my headquarters. I accepted the in-
vitation with alacrity and have never regretted doing so. I have
found working conditions there very satisfactory and the per-
sonal associations most congenial.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE SCIENTIFIC
WRITINGS OF
THOMAS H. KEARNEY

BY ELIZABETH MCCLINTOCK

The scientific writings of Thomas H. Kearney spanned a
period of sixty-five years, from the publication of his first paper
in 1891, when he was seventeen years old, until his death in 1956.
His botanical interests during these years were varied as are
shown in the titles listed below. His early papers showed his
interest in systematic botany and plant distribution. However,
during his years with the United States Department of Agri-
culture he published only a few papers in these fields but made
his outstanding contribution in the development of long staple
cotton for the southwestern United States. This work was of
so much importance to the State of Arizona that he was given
the degree of Doctor of Laws by the University of Arizona in
1920. After Dr. Kearney’s retirement from the United States
Department of Agriculture in 1944 he devoted all of his time
to floristic work on Arizona plants and to systematic studies in
the Malvaceae.

Dr. Kearney left an incomplete bibliography in which he
divided his papers into the categories essentially the same as
the ones used here. To his incomplete listing a number of titles
have been added by consulting the catalogue of botanical papers
and the reprint file in the United States Department of Agri-
culture Library in Washington, D.C.

SYSTEMATIC BOTANY AND PLANT GEOGRAPHY

1891. Cleistogamy in Polygonum acre. Bot. Gaz. 16:314.
1892. Notes on the flora of Thunderhead. Agricultural Science 6:71—74.
1893. Additions to the Tennessee flora. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 20:253, 254.

NOVEMBER, 1958] BIBLIOGRAPHY OF T. H. KEARNEY 281

Notes on the flora of southeastern Kentucky, with a list of plants
collected in Harlan and Bell counties in 1893. Bull. Torrey Bot.
Club 20:474-485. Reprinted as Contrib. Herb. Columbia Coll. No.
43:
1894. Some new Florida plants. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 21:482-486.
New or little known plants of the southern states. Bull. Torrey Bot.
Club 21:260-266, 4 plates. Reprinted as Contrib. Herb. Columbia
Coll. No. 57.
The nomenclature of the genus Biittneria Duham. Bull. Torrey Bot.
Club 21:173-175.
Leucampyx Newberryi A. Gray. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 21:82.
Steironema intermedium Kearney. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 21:460.
An enumeration of the plants collected by Dr. Timothy E. Wilcox,
U.S.A., and others in southeastern Arizona during the years 1892—
1894. By Nathaniel L. Britton and Thomas H. Kearney. Trans. N.Y.
Acad. Sci. 14:21-44. Sig. 2, pp. 17-32, is dated Dec. 4, 1894. Sig. 3
(given erroneously as 2), pp. 33-48, is dated Jan. 26, 1895.
1895. Calamagrostis scopulorum Jones. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22:517, 518.
Notes on grasses and forage plants of the southeastern states. U.S.
Dept. Agr. Division of Agrostology Bull. No. 1, 28 pp.
1896. Buckleya again. Garden & Forest 9:168.
Some native ornamental grasses. Garden & Forest 9:152, 153; 172, 173.
1897. New or otherwise interesting plants of eastern Tennessee. Bull. Torrey
Bot. Club 24:560-575.
[A note on several rare plants of the southern Alleghanies collected
in Cocke County, Tennessee.] Plant World 1:32.
The pine-barren flora of the east Tennessee mountains. Plant World
1:33-35.
1898. The liana vegetation of southeastern Virginia. Plant World 1:169,
170.
[A note on Senecio tomentosus in the region of Norfolk, Virginia.]
Plant World 1:159.
A revision of the North American species of Calamagrostis. Studies
on American grasses, I. U.S. Dept. Agr. Division of Agrostology
Bull. No. 11, pp. 7-42, 1 fig.
The science of Plant Ecology. Plant World 2:158-160.
[A note on Tillandsia usneoides in the Dismal Swamp.] Plant World
1:75:
[A note on Orobanche minor naturalized about Norfolk, Virginia.]
Plant World 1:158.
Two southern plants. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25:344.
1900.Grammangis, Grammatophyllum, Habenaria. [Articles in] Bailey,
L. H., Cyclopedia of American Horticulture. New York, Macmillan,
1900. Pp. 665; 706-708.
Plant geography of North America, IIJ. The Lower Austral element
in the flora of the southern Appalachian region. Science 12:830-
842.
Concerning saxifrages. Plant World 3: 37, 38.
The plant covering of Ocracoke Island; a study in the ecology of the
North Carolina strand vegetation. Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herbarium
5:261-319, 18 figs.

282 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 12

1901. Report on a botanical survey of the Dismal Swamp region. Contrib.
U.S. Nat. Herbarium 5:321-550, 40 figs., 13 plates, 2 maps.

1903. The protective function of raphids. Science 18:244.

1904. Are plants of sea beaches and dunes true halophytes? Bot. Gaz.
37:424-436.

On the excretion of hygroscopic salts in Frankenia and Statice. Science
19:419, 420.

1907. Review: Relation of leaf structure to physical factors, by Edith S.
Clements (Trans. Amer. Microscopical Society, 1905, pp. 19-102).
Science 25:102, 103.

1914. Indicator significance of vegetation in Tooele Valley, Utah. By
Thomas H. Kearney, L. J. Briggs, H. L. Shantz, and others. Jour.
Agr. Res. 1:365-417, 20 tables, 13 figs., 7 plates.
Review: Botanical features of the Algerian Sahara, by W. A. Cannon
(Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. No. 178, 1913). Science 40:751-753.

1918. Plant life on saline soils. Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 8:109-125.

1929. Plants of Lower California relationship in central Arizona. Jour.
Wash. Acad. Sci. 19:70, 71.

1931. Plants new to Arizona. (An annotated list of species added to the
recorded flora of the state or otherwise interesting.) Jour. Wash.
Acad. Sci. 21:63-80.

1932. Arizona plants. (Further additions to the recorded flora of the state
with notes on the characters and geographical distribution of
these and other species.) By Thomas H. Kearney and George J.
Harrison. Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 22:224-231.

1935. The North American species of Sphaeralcea subgenus Eusphaeralcea.
Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 19:1-128, 12 plates, 1 fig.

1939. Arizona plants: new species, varieties and combinations. By Thomas
H. Kearney and Robert H. Peebles. Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 29:474—
492.

1940. Arizona plants: new species, varieties, and combinations. By F. J.
Hermann, T. H. Kearney, and R. H. Peebles. Jour. Wash. Acad.
Sci. 30:217-219.

Arizona localities of interest to botanists. Mimeographed, 43 pp.

(Dated “Nov. 5, 1940.”)

1942. Flowering Plants and Ferns of Arizona. By Thomas H. Kearney,
Robert H. Peebles, and collaborators. U.S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub.
No. 423, 1069 pp., 29 plates, 1 map.

1943. Gilia multiflora Nutt. and its nearest relatives. By Thomas H. Kear-
ney and Robert H. Peebles. Madrofio 7:59-63.
A new cliff-rose from Arizona. Madrojfio 7:15-18.
A consideration of some Palmer collections cited in the “Flowering
Plants and Ferns of Arizona.” By Rogers McVaugh and Thomas H.
Kearney. Amer. Midland Nat. 29:775-778.

1945. A new name in Astragalus. Leafl. West. Bot. 4:216.

1946. A new Eriogonum from Arizona. Leafl. West. Bot. 4:267, 268.
Leaf hairs of Astragalus. Leafl. West. Bot. 4:223-227, 1 plate.

NOVEMBER, 1958] BIBLIOGRAPHY OF T. H. KEARNEY 283

1947.
1949.

1950.

1951.

1952.

1953.

1954.

1955.

+1956.

41957.

$1958.

Type of the genus Malvastrum. Leafl. West. Bot. 5:23, 24.

Malvaceae: a new subtribe and genus, and new combinations. Leafl.
West. Bot. 5:189-191.

A plant new to California. Leafl. West. Bot. 6:81.
Notes on Malvaceae. Leafl. West. Bot. 6:51, 52.

Arizona Flora. By Thomas H. Kearney, Robert H. Peebles, and collab-
orators. Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press,
1032 pp., 45 plates, 1 map.

The American genera of Malvaceae. Amer. Midland Nat. 46:91-131.

The genus Malacothamnus Greene (Malvaceae). Leafl. West. Bot.
6:113-140.

Notes on Malvaceae, II. Leafl. West. Bot. 6:165-172.

Notes on Malvaceae, III. Abutilon and Pseudabutilon in the Gala-
pagos Islands. Madrono 11:285-289.

Notes on Malvaceae, IV. Three new species and a new combination.
Madrono 12:114-118.

Review: A Natural History of Western Trees, by Donald C. Peattie,
Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1953. Madrono 12:95, 96.

Recent additions to the known flora of Arizona. By Thomas H.
Kearney, Elizabeth McClintock, and Kittie F. Parker. Leafl. West.
Bot. 721—11- ;

Further additions to the known flora of Arizona. Leafl. West. Bot.
7:165-175.

A tentative key to the North American species of Sida, L. Leafl. West.
Bot. 7:138-170.

Two mallows new to California. Leafl. West. Bot. 7:130.

A tentative key to the North American species of Pavonia, Cav. Leafl.
West. Bot. 7:122-130.

Notes on Malvaceae, V. Leafl. West. Bot. 7:118-121.

Notes on Malvaceae, VI. Leafl. West. Bot. 7:271-273.

Notes on Malvaceae, VII. A new variety in Malacothamnus. Leafl.
West. Bot. 7:289, 290.

Progress vs. Flora. Leafl. West. Bot. 7:284.

A tentative key to the North American species of Hibiscus, L. Leafl.
West. Bot. 7:274-284.

A tentative key to the North American species of Abutilon, Miller.
Leafl. West. Bot. 7:241-254.

Malvastrum A. Gray—a re-definition of the genus. Leafl. West. Bot.
7:238-241.

Arizona Plant Records, III. Leafl. West. Bot. 8:61-80.

Notes on Malvaceae, VIII. Eremalche. Madrono 13:241-243.

Malvaceae. Catalogo e Estatistico dos Géneros Botdnicos Fanero-
gamicos (edited by Dr. Joao Angely), Curitiba, Brazil, Instituto
Paranaense de Botanica, No. 24, 3 pp.

A tentative key to the South American species of Hibiscus, L. Leafl.
West. Bot. 8:161-168.

A tentative key to the South American species of Abutilon, Miller.
Leafl. West. Bot. 8:201-216.

A tentative key to the South American species of Pavonia, Cav. Leafl.
West. Bot. 8:225-246.

284 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 12

A tentative key to the South American species of Sida, L. Leafl. West.
Bot. 8:249-270. =

* * * *

[Malvaceae of New Mexico.] MS., typewritten, 35 pp., submitted for
publication in the Flora of New Mexico by E. F. Castetter.

[Malvaceae of Panama.] MS., typewritten, 97 pp., submitted for pub-
lication in the Flora of Panama edited by R. E. Woodson and
issued in the Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden.

CoTron

(INCLUDING BOTANY OF GOssyPIUM)

1908. Cotton culture in the southwestern United States. U.S. Dept. Agr.
Bureau of Plant Industry Pub. No. 362, 3 pp.

Egyptian cotton in the southwestern United States. By Thomas H.
Kearney and William A. Peterson. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bureau of
Plant Industry Bull. No. 128, 71 pp., 5 plates, 9 tables, 2 figs.

1909. Experiments with Egyptian cotton in 1908. By Thomas H. Kearney
and William A. Peterson. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bureau of Plant In-
dustry Circular No. 29, 22 pp.

1910. Breeding new types of Egyptian cotton. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bureau of
Plant Industry Bull. No. 200, 39 pp., 4 plates, 3 tables.

1912. Recent progress in cotton breeding in the United States. American
Breeders Association, Annual Report 7:11-25.

Lint index and lint percentage in cotton breeding. American Breed-
ers Association, Annual Report 7:25-29.

1913. Fiber from different pickings of Egyptian cotton. U.S. Dept. Agr.
Bureau of Plant Industry Circular No. 110, pp. 37-39.

Egyptian cottons as affected by soil variations. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bureau
of Plant Industry Circular No. 112, pp. 17-24.

Cotton as a crop for the Yuma Reclamation Project. By Carl S. Sco-
field, Thomas H. Kearney (and others). U.S. Dept. Agr. Bureau of
Plant Industry Pub. No. 1009, 6 pp.

Seed selection of Egyptian cotton. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bull. No. 38, 8 pp.

Review: The cotton plant in Egypt, by W. Lawrence Balls (New York,
Macmillan, 1912). Science 37:634, 635.

1914. Mutation in Egyptian cotton. Jour. Agr. Res. 2:287-302, plates 17-25.

1916. Tests of Pima Egyptian cotton in the Salt River Valley, Arizona. U.S.
Dept. Agr. Bureau of Plant Industry, Alkali and Drought Re-
sistant Plant Investigations, Pub. No. 1, 4 pp.

1918. A study of hybrids in Egyptian cotton. By Thomas H. Kearney and
Walton G. Wells. Amer. Nat. 52:491-506.

A plant industry based upon mutation. Jour. Hered. 9:51-61.

1919. Production of American Egyptian cotton.,By C. S. Scofield, T. H.
Kearney (and others). U.S. Dept. Agr. Bull. No. 742, 30 pp., 3
tables.

1921. Pollination of Pima cotton in relation to the yield of seed and fiber.
Jour. Hered. 12:99-101.

Heritable variation in an apparently uniform variety of cotton. Jour.
Agr. Res. 21:227-241, plates 48-54.

NOVEMBER, 1958] BIBLIOGRAPHY OF T. H. KEARNEY 285

1922.

1923.

es:

1926.

1927;

1928.

1929.

1930.

The uniformity of Pima cotton. U.S. Dept. Agr. Circular No. 247,
6 pp.

Self-fertilization and cross-fertilization in Pima cotton. U.S. Dept.
Agr. Bull. No. 1134, 68 pp., 39 tables, 7 plates.

Segregation and correlation of characters in an upland-Egyptian
cotton hybrid. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bull. No. 1164, 57 pp., 21 plates,
14 tables.

A hybrid between different species of cotton. Jour. Hered. 15:309-320,
11 figs.

Non-inheritance of terminal bud abortion in Pima cotton. Jour. Agr.
Res. 28:1041, 1042, 1 plate.

Diversité dans les hybrides de cotonniers. Un hybride entre deux
espéces différentes de Gossypium. Revue de Botanique Appliquée.
4. Année, Bulletin n. 29:793-803.

Selective fertilization in cotton. By Thomas H. Kearney and George
J. Harrison. Jour. Agr. Res. 27:329-340.

The salt content of cotton fiber. By Thomas H. Kearney and C. S.
Scofield. Jour. Agr. Res. 28:293-295.

Length of cotton fiber from bolls at different heights on the plant.
By Thomas H. Kearney and George J. Harrison. Jour. Agr. Res.
28:563-565, 1 fig., 3 tables.

Inheritance of petal spot in Pima cotton. Jour. Agr. Res. 27:491-512,
1 plate.

Correlation of seed, fiber and boll characters in cotton. Jour. Agr.
Res. 33:781-796.

Heritability of different rates of shedding in cotton. By Thomas H.
Kearney and Robert H. Peebles. Jour. Agr. Res. 33:651-661, 1 fig.,
5 tables.

[Newspaper article.] Pima cotton has not deteriorated. Associated
Arizona Producer, Phoenix, April 1, 1926.

Bagging cotton flowers to prevent accidental cross-pollination. By
Thomas H. Kearney and Dow D. Porter. Jour. Hered. 17:273-279,
4 figs.

Inheritance of rate of shedding in a cotton hybrid. By Thomas H.
Kearney and Robert H. Peebles. Jour. Agr. Res. 34:921-926.

Inheritance of smooth seeds in cotton. By Thomas H. Kearney and
George J. Harrison. Jour. Agr. Res. 35:193-217, 10 figs., 6 tables.

Cotton of American-Egyptian variety in U.S. U.S. Dept. Agr. Year-
book 1926, pp. 251-254, 1 table, 1 fig.

Variation in seed fuzziness on individual plants of Pima cotton. By
Thomas H. Kearney and George J. Harrison. Jour. Agr. Res. 37:465-
472, 4 figs., 4 tables.

Mendelian inheritance of leaf shape in cotton. By Robert H. Peebles
and Thomas H. Kearney. Jour. Hered. 19:235-238, 3 figs.

Development of the cotton boll as affected by removal of the in-
volucre. Jour. Agr. Res. 38:381-393, 4 figs., 4 tables.

Principles of plant breeding as applied to cotton. Documentary
Material on Inter-American Conference on Agriculture, Forestry
and Animal Industry, Washington, 2:243-249.

“Maarad” cotton of Egypt same as Arizona Pima. U.S. Dept. Agr.
Official Record 9 (No. 18):8.

286 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 12

Department develops new cotton of Egyptian type. U.S. Dept. Agr.
Official Record 9 (No. 21): 2.

Cotton breeding today works with main types known in remote past.
U.S. Dept. Agr. Yearbook 1930, pp. 182-190, 6 figs.

Short branch, another character of cotton showing mono hybrid in-
heritance. Jour. Agr. Res. 41:379-387, 2 figs., 2 tables.

Cotton plants, tame and wild. Jour. Hered. 21:195-210, 10 figs.

Genetics of cotton. A survey of our present knowledge. Jour. Hered.
21:325-336, 6 figs.; 375-384, 4 figs.; 409-415, 1 fig.

1931. Cotton—history, botany, and genetics. American Genetic Associa-
tion, Washington, 195-210, 325-336, 375-384, 409-415, illus. (Re-
printed from Jour. Hered., Vol. 21, 1930, without change of pag-
ing.)

1932. Pollen antagonism in cotton. By Thomas H. Kearney and George J.
Harrison. Jour. Agr. Res. 44:191-226, 1 fig., 15 plates.

1933. A new Gossypium of Lower California. Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 23:558—
560.

1934. American wild cottons with thirteen chromosomes. Jour. Hered.
25:305-312, 4 figs.

1935.S x P cotton in comparison with Pima. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bureau of
Plant Industry. Mimeographed, 17 pp.

1936. Relationships of the cultivated and wild cottons of the world. (Paper
presented at the Southern Agricultural Workers, Jackson, Miss.,
February 5-7, 1936). Mimeographed, 11 pp.

1937. Ingenhouzia and Thurberia. Amer. Jour. Bot. 24:298-300.

1939. Morphology of two American wild species of cotton and of their
hybrid. By Thomas H. Kearney and Irma E. Webber. Jour. Agr.
Res. 58:445-459, 2 plates, 1 table, 5 figs.

1940.S X P cotton in comparison with Pima. By T. H. Kearney, R. H.
Peebles, and E. Gordon Smith. U.S. Dept. Agr. Circular No. 550,
15 pp., 8 tables, 5 figs.

1942. Cotton breeding in relation to taxonomy. Proc. 8th Amer. Sci. Con-
gress, Washington, 3:251-255.

1943. Egyptian-type cottons: their origin and characteristics. Beltsville,
Md., U.S. Dept. Agr. Bureau of Plant Industry. Mimeographed,
23 pp.

1948. Review: The Evolution of Gossypium and the Differentiation of the
Cultivated Cottons, by J. B. Hutchinson [and others], London,
1947. Madrofio 9:228, 229.

+1957. Wild and domesticated cotton plants of the world. Leafl. West. Bot.
8:103-109.

ALKALI RELATIONS OF PLANTS

1902. Some mutual relations between alkali soils and vegetation. By Thomas
H. Kearney and Frank K. Cameron. U.S. Dept. Agr. Rep. No. 71,
60. pp.

1903. Crops used in the reclamation of alkali lands in Egypt. By Thomas
H. Kearney and Thomas H. Means. U.S. Dept. Agr. Yearbook,
1902, pp. 573-588, 4 plates, 1 fig.

NOVEMBER, 1958] BIBLIOGRAPHY OF T. H. KEARNEY 287

1907. The comparative tolerance of various plants for the salts common in
alkali soils. By T. H. Kearney and L. L. Harter. U.S. Dept. Agr.
Bureau of Plant Industry Bull. No. 113, 22 pp., 10 tables.

1911. The choice of crops for alkali land. U.S. Dept. Agr. Farmers’ Bull.
No. 446, 32 pp., 2 tables.

[Translation.] Eleccién de plantas propias para terrenos salados (tr.
by L. E. Mendoza Vargas). Mexico, Secretaria de Fomento, 1912.

1913. The wilting coefficient for plants in alkali soils. U.S. Dept. Agr.
Bureau of Plant Industry Circular No. 109, pp. 17-25, 6 tables.

1920. The relative absorption by soil of sodium carbonate and sodium
chloride. Soil Science 9:267-273.

The choice of crops for alkali land. (Revised.) U.S. Dept. Agr. Farm-
ers’ Bull. No. 446, 32 pp., 2 tables.

1924. The choice of crops for alkali lands. (Revised.) U.S. Dept. Agr.
Farmers’ Bull. No. 446, 25 pp., 2 tables.

1925. Rendimento de terras alcalinas. Boletim da Uniao Pan-Americana
27 (No. 5):319-331.

La produccién de cosechas en suelos alcalinos. Washington, La
Union Panamericana, 14 pp., illus.

1936. The choice of crops for saline land. By T. H. Kearney and C. S.
Scofield. U.S. Dept. Agr. Circular No. 404, 24 pp., 1 table. “This
circular is a revision of and supersedes Farmers’ Bulletin 446, The
Choice of Crops for Alkali Lands.”

DATES

1905. Agriculture without irrigation in the Sahara Desert. U.S. Dept.
Agr. Bureau of Plant Industry Bull. No. 86, 30 pp., 5 plates, 1 map.
1906. Date varieties and date culture in Tunis. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bureau
of Plant Industry Bull. No. 92, 112 pp., 10 plates, 51 figs.
1910. The date gardens of the Jerid. Nat. Geog. Mag. 21:543-567.
_ 1911. On the trail of the date. Good Health 46:203-210, 351-356.
The country of the ant men. Nat. Geog. Mag. 22:366-382.

AGRICULTURE

1905. Agricultural exporations in Algeria. By Thomas H. Kearney and
Thomas H. Means. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bureau of Plant Industry Bull.
No. 80, 98 pp., 3 plates.

1908. Dry-land olive culture in northern Africa. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bureau
of Plant Industry Bull. No. 125, 48 pp., 5 plates, 5 tables, 10 figs.

1912. The water economy of dry-land crops. By Thomas H. Kearney and
H. L. Shantz. U. S. Dept. Agr. Yearbook, 1911, pp. 351-362.

OBITUARIES

1922. Louis Trabut, botanist and plant breeder. Jour. Hered. 13:153-160,
5 figs.
1926. William Edward Safford, 1859-1926. Jour. Hered. 17:365, 366, 1 plate.
1952. Walter T. Swingle, 1871-1952. Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 42:208.
71957. Robert Hibbs Peebles, 1900-1956. Madrofio 14:11-13, 1 fig.

288 LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY _ [VOL. VIII, NO. 12

THE THOMAS H. KEARNEY MEMORIAL
FUND

The publication of the present issue of LEAFLETS OF WESTERN
Borany and of Dr. Kearney’s more recent studies in the Mallow
Family in South America* has been made possible through the
generous aid we have received from the Thomas H. Kearney
Memorial Fund. This fund, which was established primarily
as a memorial to Dr. Kearney under the auspices of the Califor-
nia Academy of Sciences, was later augmented by friends who
wished to insure the publication of the South American manu-
scripts left at the time of his death. Contributors to this fund,
which has been devoted in its entirety to publish these papers,
were: Mrs. Margaret E. B. Fleming, Miss Roberta Gilbert,
George J. Harrison, J. I’. Howell, Mrs. Ira Kahn, Col. and Mrs.
William M. McKee, Mrs. James E. Mulrine, Mrs. Olga Padgett,
Peter H. Raven, Lewis S. Rose, Peter Rubtzoff, Ira L. Wiggins,
and the California Botanical Club.—J. T. HOWELL.

EX HONORIS SERTIS

I realize that Dr. Kearney’s cotton work was only a part of
his wide interests and experience, but it was an extremely im-
portant part to all of us in many countries who are concerned
with the genetics and evolution of cotton. His early collections
of the wild American species and his generosity in making his
collections available to others made possible the detailed genetic
and cytological analyses which came later. And I don’t suppose
anyone has made such a careful study of segregation in species
hybrids as he did in his paper “Segregation and correlation of
characters in an Upland-Egyptian cotton hybrid.” The problems
he uncovered then are still puzzling today, and his papers are
classics among the literature on species hybrids.—S. G. STEPHENS,
North Carolina State College, Raleigh; November, 1956.

*These papers, all published in the present volume of LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY,

were proposals in the classification of South American species in Hibiscus (pages 161 to 168),
Abutilon (pages 201 to 216), Pavonsa (pages 225 to 246), and Sida (pages 249 to 270).

NOVEMBER, 1958]

INDEX

289

INDEX

CoMPILED BY ANITA M. NOLDEKE

Abbott, Dr. Edwin Kirk, 84.

Abelmoschus, 161.

Abies amabilis, 173; concolor, 67;
lasiocarpa, 173; magnifica, 173;
nobilis, 173; procera, 173.

Abronia fragrans, 74.

Abutilon sect. Corynabutilon, 214;
abutiloides, 209, 211; affine, 209;
amoenum, 204, 205; Anderssonian-
um, 212, 215; anodoides, 216; ap-
pendiculatum, 203; arboreum, 214;
arequipense, 209, 210; aristulosum,
211; Arnottianum, 212; asiaticum,
214; aurantiacum, 214; auritum,
211; Bakeri, 205; Balansae, 211;
Bedfordianum, 202, 206, 214, ssp.
discolor var. hirsutum, 214, var.
discolor, 206,214; benedictum, 212;
benense, 211, 215; Bridgesii, 215;
Briquetii, 214; calycinum, 214; car-
neum, 208, 214; cinereum, 216; cir-
cinnatum, 212; cordatum, 215; cor-
nutum, 216; cuspidatum, 209; cy-
clonervosum, 205; cymosum, 215;
Darwinii, 202, 207; densiflorum,
212; dianthum, 214; divaricatum,
210, 211, 215, 216; elegans, 204, 205,
214; esculentum, 208, 214; eximi-
um, 212; falcatum, 213; Fluecki-
gerianum, 214; fluviatile, 202; fusi-
calyx, 207; geminiflorum, 203, 206,
214; giganteum, 209, 210, 215; Gla-
ziovii, 203; globiflorum, 212; Gou-
dotianum, 204; grandifolium, 215;
Grevilleanum, 216; Hassleranum,
209, 215; Herzogianum, 210; hirsu-

- tum, 212; hirtum, 208, 214; Hulse-
anum, 215; ibarrense, 208; inae-
quale, 203, 213; inaequilaterum,
211; indicum, 208, var. hirtum,
214; inflatum, 201; insigne, 202-
204; integerrimum, 205; itatiaiae,
210; Johnsonii, 215; jujuiense, 206;
lanatum, 214; lateritium, 203, var.
discolor, 214, ssp. discolor var. hir-
sutum, 214; laxum, 213; Lilloi,
214; lineatum, 212; longifolium,
204; longipes, 206; macranthum,
205; macrocarpum, 213; macro-
phyllum, 213; malachroides, 207;
Malmeanum, 206; megapotami-
cum, 201, 212, 213; melanocarpum,
215, var. parvifolium, 215; mendo-
cinum, 216; Mexiae, 208; mina-
rum, 208; molle, 208, 209, 215;
mollissimum, 208, 215; monosper-
mum, 206; montanum, 205, 214;
Mouraei, 203, 206, 214; Muelleri-
Friderici, 202; multiflorum, 209;
neovidense, 212; niveum, 202; oxy-
petalum, 203, 213; paeoniflorum,

213; paranthemoides, 216; parvi-
folium, 215; pauciflorum, 209, 215;
drae-brancae, 202; pedunculare,

204, 208, 215; peltatum, 202; peru-
vianum, 204, 206, 214; petiolare,
208; pictum, 213; pilosum, 212;
pionense, 206; piurense, 203;
pseudogiganteum, 215; pubista-
mineum, 203; pulverulentum, 212,
270; purpurascens, 214, 270; pyra-
midale, 212; quinquelobum, 212;
ramiflorum, 210; reflexum, 204,
214; Regnellii, 202; rivulare, 215;
rufinerve, 205; rufivellum, 212;
rugulosum, 215; saltense, 212; sca-
bridum, 212; Schenckii, 203, 204;
Sellowianum, 202, 205, 213, 214;
senile, 213; septemlobum, 213; sil-
vaticum, 213, ssp. Buchtienii, 213,
ssp. genuinum, 213, ssp. Klugii,
213; sordidum, 214; stenopetalum,
210; striatum, 202; sylvaticum, 204,
214; tacuaremboense, 214; ter-
minale, 211; Thompsoni, 213;
thyrsodendron, 201, 207; trunca-
tum, 212; turmiquirense, 212; um-
bellatum, 210, 211, 215, 216; um-
belliflorum, 207, 209; venosum,
202, 213; virens, 214; virgatum,
212, 216, var. tomentosum, 212;
Weberbaueri, 212; Woronovii, 203.

Abutilothamnus grewiifolius, 250.

Acacia angustissima ssp. Lemmonii,
75; constricta, 75; Greggii, 75.

Acanthochiton Wrightii, 69.

Acanthogonum, 125.

Acanthomintha, 140.

Achyrachaena, 141.

Acrostichum viscosum var. glabrius-
culum, 191.

Adenostoma, 139, 140.

Adenothamnus, 141.

Adiantum pedatum var. aleuticum,
102.

Aegilops cylindrica, 33, 61.

Aeschynomene americana, 70; vil-
losa, 70.

Aesculus californica, 27.

Agastache pallidiflora ssp. neomexi-
cana, 78.

Agave Parryi var. huachucensis, 74.

Agropyron desertorum, 73, 219; sub-
secundum, 73.

Agrostis idahoensis, 73; pallens, 199;
Rossae, 33; variabilis, 33.

Ailanthus altissima, 66.

Ajuga reptans, 176.

Alisma subcordatum, 72.

Allium Burlewii, 175; falcifolium,
57; Hickmani, 92; Howellii, 93;
neapolitanum, 248; Purdyi, 98;

290

triquetrum, 248.

Allophyllum gilioides, 72.

Alsophila, 190.

Amaranthus Acanthochiton, 69;
arenicola, 69; Pringlei, 69; Torreyi,
69; Watsoni, 69.

Ambrosia aptera, 80.

Amelanchier oreophila, 75.

Ammannia coccinea, 77.

Amsinckia tessellata, 78.

Andropogon barbinodis, 62; Ischae-
mum, 62; saccharoides, 62;
Wrightii, 62.

Androsace septentrionalis var. glan-
dulosa, 77.

Anelsonia eurycarpa, 248.

Anoda decumbens, 266.

Aphanisma, 140.

Apiastrum, 140.

Apium leptophyllum, 177.

Apocynum Suksdorfii, 78.

Aponogetum distachyus, 60.

Aquilegia caerulea var. Daileyae, 90;
eximia, 175; formosa, 103; mi-
crantha, 116; Shockleyi, 99.

Arabis glabra, 75; McDonaldiana,
95; Parishii, 115.

Arctostaphylos Bakeri, 85; Camp-
bellae, 88; Cushingiana, 89;
glauca, 175; Helleri, 92; Howellii,
93; Jepsoni, 93; nissenana, 100;
Rosei, 98; Tracyi, 100.

Arenaria sect. Alsine, 56; filiorum,
56; Hookeri var. Hookeri, 16;
Kuschei, 94; Nuttallii, 55, 56;
Rosei, 55, 56; stricta, 55.

Argemone intermedia, 75.

Argythamnia adenophora, 70; Bran-
degei, 71, var. intonsa, 71; Clari-
ana, 71; cyanophylla, 70; lanceo-
lata, 71; mercurialina, 70; neo-
mexicana, 71; serrata, 71.

Aristida Wrightii, 73. :

Artemisia, 78; Bigelovii, 80; Car-
ruthii, 80; nova, 80; tridentata, 80.

Aruncus sylvester, 102.

Asclepias albicans, 78; asperula, 72,
ssp. asperula, 72; capricornu, 72;
Engelmanniana, 71, 78; fascicu-
laris, 72; Giffordi, 91; latifolia, 78;
Linaria, 78; quinquedentata, 78;
Rusbyi, 71; Solanoana, 67; speci-
osa, 78; subulata, 78; subverticil-
lata, 72, 78; tuberosa, 72, ssp. in-
terior, 72, ssp. terminalis, 72.

Aster arenosus, 80; aquifolius, 80;
Durbrowi, 90; foliaceus, 46, var.
Lyallii, 46; tanacetifolius, 80.

Asterochlaena, 225, 226; argentina,
245; Balansae, 246; cuspidata, 245;
Hieronymi, 246, ssp. longipila var.
apiculata, 245; orbicularis, 246;
playloba, 245; sidifolia, 246, ssp.
genuina var. campestris, 245.

Astragalus sect. Diplotheca, 120;

LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY

[ VOL. VIII, NO. 12

sect. Flexuosi, 21; sect. Pectinati,
18; sect. Scytocarpi, 21.

Astragalus albulus, 63, 76; amphioxys
var. vespertinus, 76; Arthuri, 121;
Beathii, 76; Bigelovii var. mogol-
lonicus, 76; carminis, 121; Casei,
172: ceramicus, 22; cobrensis, 76;
coccineus, 63, 115; Coltoni, 16, 17,
20; convallarius, 65, 70, var. folio-
latus, 70; crassicarpus, 70, var.
Paysoni, 70; cremnophylax, 14, 15;
desperatus var. conspectus, 76, var.
desperatus, 76; Drummondii, 120;
duchesnensis, 16, 17; Egglestonii,
64, 76; eremiticus, 76; famelicus,
63; flexuosus, 20, 21, 63, var.
Diehlii, 63; galegiformis, 120;
gilensis, 14, 15; gracilentum, 20,
21, 63; Greenei, 21; Hallii, 63, 76;
Haydenianus, 76; Howellii, 121,
var. misellus, 120; humistratus
var. humivagans, 64, 65, var.
sonorae, 65; Johannis-Howellii,
120-122, 124, 125; kaibensis, 76;
Kentrophyta, 15, 36; lancearius,
16, 17; lentiformis, 121, 122, 125;
lentiginosus, 22, 23, var. Coulteri,
22, 23, var. Fremontii, 23, var.
micans, 22, 23, var. variabilis, 22,
23, var. Wilsonii, 76; Lemmonii,
121, 122; linifolius, 19, 20; loncho-
carpus, 17; misellus, 120, 122, 123;
Mulfordae, 120-125; nidularius,
16, 17; oniciformis, 120, 122-125;
Peckii, 121, 122, 125; pictiformis,
20-22; rafaelensis, 17-19; recurvus,
64; Rusbyi, 64; saurinus, 17-20;
Schmollae, 17; scopulorum, 64;
sericoleucus, 15; sesquiflorus, 70,
var. brevipes, 70, var. sesquiflorus,
70; siliceus, 14-16; spatulatus, 15;
straturensis, 64, 121; titanophilus,
70; Titi, 100; toanus, 17-20; toqui-
manus, 121; Traskae, 100; Whit-
neyi var. siskiyouensis, 57; xiphoi-
des, 70.

Atelophragma straturense, 64.

Atriplex Jonesii, 74; peruviana,
195-197; Powellii, 74; semibaccata,
74; Wrightii, 74.

Avena fatua, 73.

Axonopus compressus, 23.

Baccharis sergilloides, 80.

Baeriopsis, 141.

Bahia Woodhousei, 80.

Baker, William H. Notes on the
flora of Idaho—I, 32.

Bakeridesia, 201, 212-214; rufivela,
212; senilis, 212.

Barneby, Rupert Charles, 85; pugil-
lus Astragalorum XVII: four new
species and one variety, 14; pugil-
lus Astragalorum XX: notes on A.
Mulfordae and some close relatives,

NOVEMBER, 1958]

120; a new species of Laphamia
from New Mexico, 168.

Barneby, R. C., and Maguire, Bas-
sett. A new species of Arenaria, 55.

Bassia hyssopifolia, 74.

Bastardia, 212.

Batidophaca humivagans, 65.

Benitoa, 25-28, 140; occidentalis, 26.

Bensonia, 140.

ie haematocarpa, 74; repens,

4.

Bergerocactus, 139.

Betula fontinalis, 67; occidentalis
var. occidentalis, 67.

Bidens, 160.

Blake, S. F. A new name for Senecio
Websteri Greenm., 143.

Blechnum falciforme, 190.

Blepharizonia, 141.

Bloomeria, 139.

Boerhaavia intermedia, 74.

Bogenhardia, 201.

Bouteloua simplex, 73.

Brachypodium distachyon, 247.

Brassica campestris, 35.

Brickellia longifolia, 79.

Briquetia, 213.

Brodiaea coronaria, 132, var. ker-
nensis, 132; elegans, 132, var. aus-
tralis, 132, 133, var. elegans, 132,
133, var. mundula, 133; Howellii,
93; Purdyi, 98.

Bromus sect. Bromopsis, 199; sect.
Ceratochloa, 151; aleuticus, 152;
arizonicus, 152; breviaristatus, 152;
carinatus, 151, 152; catharticus,
151-153; commutatus, 73; frondo-
sus, 73; Haenkeanus, 152, 153, 216;
inermis, 73; marginatus, 73, 151,
152; maritimus, 152; mollis, 199;

' polyanthus, 152; rigidus, 199;
sitchensis, 152; stamineus, 151,
152, 154.

Calliprora, 131.

Calocedrus decurrens, 175.

Calochortus Purdyi, 98; Westonii,
101.

Calycadenia, 141.

Calyptridium Parryi, 9, var. arizoni-
cum, 10, 11, var. Hesseae, 10, 11,
var. nevadense, 10, 11, var. Parryi,
9, 10, 11, var. typicum, 10; um-
bellatum var. caudiciferum, 248.

Campanula Baileyi, 85; Piperi, 118;
rotundifolia, 102.

Canbya candida, 116.

Cantelow, Ella Dales, and Cantelow,
Herbert Clair. Biographical notes
on persons in whose honor Alice
Eastwood named native plants, 83;
biographical additions and correc-
tions, 197.

Capsicum, 65.

Cardamine Blaisdellii, 86; Patter-
sonii, 116.

INDEX

291

Carex sect. Laxiflorae, 220; sect.
Longicaules, 221, 223; sect. Stellu-
latae, 29; sect. Ovales, 29.

Carex albida, 178-180; athabascen-
sis, 111, 112; atrosquama, 113;
cherokeensis, 179, 180; Douglasii,
29; ebenea, 67; eurystachya, 109,
110; flaccifolia, 220-223; gymno-
clada, 114; Haydeniana, 29, 67;
Hendersonii, 220; Hindsii, 110;
illota, 29; incondita, 112, 113; Jep-
sonii, 222, 223; Lemmonii, 178-

180; limnophila, 28, 29, 113;
luzulaefolia var. ablata forma
albida, 180; luzulina, 178-180;

Lyngbyei, 102; macloviana, 113;
multicostata, 34; nubicola, 29;
scirpiformis, 111; sonomensis, 178,
180; stygia, 102; triquetra, 222;
Whitneyi, 221-223.

Carnegiea gigantea, 77.

Carpenteria, 140.

Case, Eliphalet Lewis, 170-174.

Cassia armata, 75.

Castilleja Barnebyana, 85; Brooksii,
87; Clementis, 88; Ewani, 90;
Hoffmanni, 92; Howellii, 93; Jus-
selii, 94; Kuschei, 94; linariae-
folia, 79; Mexiae, 96; miniata, 102;
Nelsonii, 83, 96; Palmeri, 83, 97;
Payneae, 97; Peirsoni, 97; Roseana,

Ceanothus Martini, 77.

Centaurea diffusa, 220; melitensis,
80; Picris, 80.

Centromadia, 141.

Centrostegia, 125, 126; cryptantha,
128; insignis, 127; leptoceras, 125,
127; Thurberi, 126-128; Thurberi
var. macrotheca, 128, var. Thur-
beri, 128; Vortriedei, 127.

Cerastium vulgatum, 74.

Ceratochloa Haenkeana, 216.

Ceratophyllum demersum, 74.

Cercidium floridum, 75.

Cercocarpus_intricatus,
tanus, 75; Traskae, 100.

Chaenactis Douglasii, 80; macrantha,
80; Nevii, 219.

Chamaebatia, 140.

Chamaesaracha Coronopus, 79.

Cheilanthes leucopoda, 116.

Chenopodium albescens, 69; album,
69; arizonicum, 68; atrovirens, 69;
Berlandieri, 68, var. sinuatum, 68,
var. Zschackei, 68; desiccatum, 68;
Fremontii, 69, forma farinosum,
69; graveolens, 68; hians, 68; ina-
moenum, 68; incanum, 69; in-
cisum, 68, 74; incognitum, 69;
leptophyllum, 68; neomexicanum,
68; nevadense, 46; Palmeri, 68;
pratericola, 68, var. desiccatum,
68, var. leptophylloides, 68; ru-

75; mon-

292

brum, 69; Vulvaria, 160; Watsoni,
68.

Chlorogalum, 139.

Choisya arizonica, 77; mollis, 77.

Chorizanthe, 125, 126; insignis, 127;
leptoceras, 127; Thurberi, 128,
var. cryptantha, 128, var. macro-
theca, 128; Vortriedei, 127. _°

Chrysopsis viscida, 79.

Chrysothamnus nauseosus ssp. mo-
havensis, 175; pulchellus, 80; vis-
cidiflorus var. stenophyllus, 80.

Cirsium Botrys, 99; Parryi, 80; pul-
chellum, 80.

Clarkia epilobioides, 71; purpurea
subsp. quadrivulnera, 71; rhom-
boidea, 71.

Claytonia dichotoma, 35; linearis,
35, var. dichotoma, 35.

Clematis Drummondii, 74.

Cleome lutea, 75; serrulata, 75.

Cneoridium, 139.

Cocculus diversifolius, 75.

Coleoptera, 86, 95.

Collinsia parviflora, 79.

Commicarpus scandens, 74.

Condalia spathulata, 77.

Conium maculatum, 77.

Convolvulus arvensis, 78; Berryi, 85;
polymorphus, 218.

Corallorhiza trifida, 218.

Cordylanthus parviflorus, 79.

Coreopsis Atkinsoniana, 156, 157.

Corethrogyne, 140.

Correll, Donovan S. An orchid new
to the United States, 271.

Corydalis aquae-gelidae, 39; Caseana,
170, 173; Wetherillii, 101.

Corynabutilon, 201, 214.

Cottea pappophoroides, 73.

Cotula australis, 66; coronopifolia,

Crampton, Beecher. Glyceria dec-
linata in Stanislaus County, Cali-
fornia, 160; three naturalized an-
nuals in Yuba County, California,
247.

Crocker, Templeton, letter, 187.

Crockeria, 141.

Cronquist, Arthur. The typification
of Galium multiflorum var. Wat-
soni Gray, 145.

Crucianella angustifolia, 247.

Cryptantha abata, 78; barbigera, 78;
crassisepala, 78; gracilis, 78; holop-
tera, 78; recurvata, 78.

Ctenitis ampla, 190; pleiosora, 190.

Cucurbita foetidissima, 79.

Cupressus macrocarpa, 141.

Cyathea, 189, 190.

Cycladenia, 139, Jonesii, 94.

Cyperus acuminatus, 159; aristatus,
67, 73; esculentus, 73; inflexus, 67;
laevigatus, 73.

LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY

[VOL. VIII, NO. 12

Dalea urceolata, 76.

Danthonia intermedia, 73.

Darlingtonia, 139, 140; californica,
75 1048

Dayton, William A. Anent Cory-
dalis Caseana and Eliphalet Lewis
Case (1843-1925), 170.

Delphinium Blaisdellii, 86; Greenei,
91; scaposum, 74; uliginosum, 116.

Dendromecon, 140.

Dennstaedtia, 191; 19];
globulifera, 191.

Deschampsia caespitosa ssp. caespi-
tosa, 199; elongata, 73.

Desmodium neomexicanum, 76.

Dianthus Armeria, 34, 220.

Dicoria canescens, 80; Wetherillii,
101.

Digitaria Ischaemum, 62; sanguin-
alis, 62.

Diplazium, 191; expansum, 190, 191;
subobtusum, 190.

Ditaxis, 70.

Dodecatheon alpinum, 77; Ellisiae,
77; radicatum, 102.

Downingia yina var. major, 219.

Draba asprella var. stelligera, 75;
Breweri, 248; Lemmonii, 248;
petrophila, 75; subalpina, 117.

Draperia, 140.

Dryopteris columbiana, 194; pleio-
sora, 190; pseudotetragona, 195.
Dunn, David B. The lupines col-
lected by David Douglas from
1825 to 1827: their type localities
and nomenclature, 47; Lupinus

notes I, 154.
Dyssodia papposa, 80; pentachaeta,
80.

cicutaria,

Eastwood, Alice. A list of plants
from Dall and Annette islands,
Alaska, 102.

Eastwoodia, 140.

Echinocactus polycephalus, 77.

Edwin, Gabriel. Mimulus Reif-
schneiderae, a new Mimulus from
Nevada, 150.

Ehrendorfer, F. The lectotype of
Galium multiflorum var. Watsoni,
148.

Ehrharta calycina, 144; erecta, 144.

Eichornia, 58.

Elaphoglossum, 191; Engelii, 191,
192; glossophyllum, 191, 192;
Langsdorfii, 191; leptophyllum,
192; longifolium, 191-193; musco-
sum, 191; petiolatum, 191, 192;
viscosum, 19].

Eleocharis acicularis, 34; bella, 34;
pa 67; montevidensis, 67,
3.

Elymus hirsutus, 102; vancouveren-
sis, 199.

Engelmannia pinnatifida, 65.

NOVEMBER, 1958]

Ephedra californica, 176; viridis, 72.
Epilobium Hornemanni, 102; lati-
folium, 102; saximontanum, 77.

Equisetum laevigatum, 72.

Eragrostis intermedia, 73; Orcut-
tiana, 33.

Eremochloa ciliaris, 199.

Erigeron Kuschei, 94; Pringlei, 117;
vagus, 248.

Eriodictyon californicum, 175; Tras-
kae, 100.

Eriogonella, 125.

Eriogonum alatum, 74; Bakeri, 74;
Copelandi, 89; corymbosum, 74;
Covilleanum, 89; flavum ssp.
crassifolium, 118; flexum, 37, 67;
glandulosum, 37, 38, 67, var. carn-
eum, 37, 38, var. glandulosum, 37,
38; Kennedyi var. austromonta-
num, 115; Mearnsii, 74; pandura-
tum, 58; pharnaceoides, 74; Prin-
glei, 74; racemosum, 74; rubri-
caule, 37; trichopes, 37, 74, ssp.
glandulosum, 38, 39, var. rubri-
caule, 37, 38; Wetherillii, 101.

Eriophyllum lanatum, 219, var.
achillaeoides, 219; lanosum, 80;
Rixfordi, 98.

Ernst., W. R., and Thomas, J. H. A
lawn weed from Stanford Univer-
sity, California, 272.

Erodium texanum, 77.

Erysimum inconspicuum, 75; re-
pandum, 75.

Eucalyptus globulus, 119; Maideni,
119; Mortoniana, 119; pseudo-
globulus, 119; unialata, 119; vimi-
nalis, 119.

Euphorbia Abramsiana, 77; Fend-
leri, 77; serpens, 40.

Fallugia paradoxa, 75.

Fendlera rupicola, 75.

Ferocactus acanthodes, 77.

Festuca elatior, 73; megalura, 199;
rubra, 102; subulata, 102.

Filago arvensis, 177.

Franseria ambrosioides, 80; discolor,
36.

Fraxinus Gooddingii, 77; Greggii, 77.

Fremontodendron, 140.

French, David H., and Ornduff,
Robert. Notable plants of the
Warm Springs Indian Reservation,
Oregon, 217.

Frey, Jr., Winton H. Meadow salsify
in San Luis Obispo County, Cali-
fornia, 2245.

Fritillaria Brandegei, 87; camchat-
censis, 102; Purdyi, 90.

Funastrum hirtellum, 78.

Gaillardia Parryi, 80.
Galactia Wrightii, 76.
Galium boreale, 79; Clementis, 88;

INDEX

208

Hallii, 147; hypotrichium | ssp.
hypotrichium, 148, ssp. utahense,
147; Matthewsii, 147; multiflorum,
145, 147-149, var. Watsoni, 145-
149; Parishii, 147; Watsoni, 146—
149.

Garrya Congdoni, 88; Wrightii, 77.

Gaultheria ovatifolia, 177.

Gaura parviflora, 77.

Gayoides, 201.

Gentiana Copelandi, 89; strictiflora,
78.

Geranium caespitosum, 76; eremo-
philum, 76; Parryi 76.

Gilia Hoffmanni, 92; polyantha, 78;
tenuifolia, 115; Traskae, 100.

Glossopetalon nevadense, 77.

Glyceria Cookei, 160; declinata, 160;
leptostachya, 199.

Godetia epilobioides, 71; quadrivul-
nera, 71.
Goodman, George J. The genus Cen-
trostegia, tribe Eriogoneae, 125.
Gossypium, 103, 106, 107; aridum,
104; Armourianum, 104; barba-
dense, 105; Darwinii, 105; David-
sonii, 104; Harknessii, 104, 105;
Klotzschianum, 104; lobatum, 104;

rvianum, 105; Raimondii, 104,

107, 108; Sturtii, 105; Thurberi,
104; tomentosum, 105, 106.

Gratiola neglecta, 79.

Grindelia arizonica, 79.

Guizotia abyssinica, 160.

Habenaria Chorisiana, 271.

Haplopappus, 25-28; sect. Blepharo-
don, 26-28; sect. Hazardia, 26; sect.
Isopappus, 25-28; carthamoides,
219, var. carthamoides, 219, var.
Cusickii, 219; divaricatus, 25, 27;
occidentalis, 25, 26; racemosus, 175;
squarrosus ssp. stenolepis, 27.

Harvey, William A., and McCaskill,
June. New records of Compositae
in California, 156.

Hasseanthus, 140.

Heckard, L. R. The subspecies of
Phacelia nemoralis Greene, 29.

Hedeoma nanum ssp. californicum,

Helenium tenuifolium, 156, 157.

Heleochloa alopecuroides, 200; scho-
enoides, 200.

Helianthemum guttatum, 24.

Helianthus anomalus, 80.

Hemicarpha micrantha, 159.

Hemitelia multiflora, 189; subcae-
es 189; Weatherbyana, 186, 188,

Hemizonia, 139, 141; Lobbii, 27.

Heracleum lanatum, 77.

Hermann, F. J. The globose-headed
form of Juncus acuminatus, 12; a

294

new Wyoming sedge, 28; new Ca-
rices from the Canadian Rocky
Mountains, 109.

Herriott, Lilian, and Noldeke, Anita
M. A numerical summary of the
vascular plants of California, 58.

Hesperelaea, 140.

Hesperocordum, 131.

Heterodraba, 140.

Heterogaura, 140.

Heuchera Merriami, 95; pulchella,
ili les

Hibiscus, 161, 166, 167, 201; sect.
Abelmoschus, 161; amoenus, 163;
angustifolius, 167, var. glaber, 167;
apricus, 167; argentinus, 167; axil-
laris, 167; bifurcatus, 161, 162; bra-
siliensis, 165; cannabinus, 161; Ca-
vanillesianus, 165; cisplatinus, 161,
163; crenatus, 167; cucurbitaceus,
°164, var. acuminatus, 164; dimidi-
atus, 163; diversifolius, 161, 164;
dominicus ‘var. dominicus, 167;
ferox, 164, var. mentensis, 163, 164;
flagelliformis, 162; fugax, 167; fur-
cellatus, 161, 162; geminiflorus,
167; glabrifolius, 166; Hasslerian-
us, 165; Hennigsianus, 165; Hitch-
cockii, 163; ingratus, 161, 163; in-
signis, 161, 166; Joungianus, 167;
kitaibelifolius, 162; Lambertianus,
163, 167, var. lobatus, 167; laxiflor-
us, 165; Lindmanii, 167; linearis,
164; multiformis var. multiformis,
167; mutabilis, 166; pernambucen-
sis, 167; peruvianus, 162; Peteri-
anus, 166; Pohlii, 162; prunifolius,
167; pseudoferox, 164; pucherri-
mus, 168; quinquelobatus, 167;
radiatus, 167; rhomboideus, 245;
Rosa-sinensis, 166; Sabdariffa, 161;
salviaefolius, 167, var. angustifo-
lius, 167, var. genuinus, 167; schizo-
petalus, 165; Selloi, 166, var. para-
guariensis, 168; setifer, 164, 165;
sororius, 162; spathulatus, 168;
submaritimus, 167; syriacus, 166;
tiliaceus, 161, var. abutiloides, 167,
var. pernambucensis, 167; trichro-
manthus, 164; trilineatus, 162; tri-
lobus, 164; urticaefolius, 165; vari-
ans, 162; verbasciformis, 166, 168.

Hieracium aurantiacum, 177; Grin-
nellii, 91.

Hitchcock, C. Leo. The Ledum glan-
dulosum complex, 1.

Hoffmanseggia densiflora, 76.

Hollisteria, 140.

Holocarpha, 141.

Holozonia, 141.

Hoover, Robert F. Observations on
California plants—IV, 129; Monte-
rey cypress as a “naturalized” spe-
cies, 141.

Hordeum leporinum, 33.

LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY

[ VOL. VIII, NO. 12

Horsfordia alata, 77.

Houstonia rubra, 16.

Howell, John Thomas, 93; Axono-
pus, a lawn weed in southern Cali-
fornia, 23; Helianthemum gutta-
tum neglected in California, 24;
another Ornithopus in Santa Cruz
County, California, 24; Eriogonum
notes V: E. glandulosum with a
new variety, 37; Euphorbia ser-
pens in cistmontane California, 40;
Chenopodium nevadense in Cali-
fornia, 46; Lyall’s leafy Aster in
California, 46; numerical summary
of California plants and endemism,
59; 1932-1957, 81; the Cailfornia
flora and its province, 133; the
California floral province and its
enedmic genera, 138; re-collections
of two rare miltitzias, 143; records
of Ehrharta calycina in California,
144; California stations for Tri-
folium incarnatum, 144; correc-
tion, 157; the Santa Ynez Ther-
mopsis, 158; Scirpus saximontanus
in California, 159; Chenopodium
Vulvaria in California, 160; Guizo-
tia spontaneous in California, 160;
the identity of Carex albida Bailey,
178; California records of Koeleria
phleoides, 180; the 1932 Temple-
ton Crocker Expedition, twenty-
five years after, 181; Atriplex of
the Galapagos Islands, 195; Lathy-
rus Cicera adventive in California,
216; a re-appraisal of Carex flacci-
folia, 220; Neapolitan onion in
California, 248.

Howelliella, 140; ovata, 57.

Hulsea algida, 248.

Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides, 177.

Hymenopappus lugens, 80.

Hymenoptera, 95.

Hypochoeris radicata, 36, 220.

Iris Lansdaleana, 94; longipetala,
272; Purdyi, 98.

Isoetes Howellii, 159.

Isopyrum occidentale, 116.

Jepsonia, 140; heterandra, 115; Par-
ryi, 115.

Juncus acuminatus, 12, 62, var. dif-
fusissimus, 13, var. legitimus pau-
cicapitatus, 12, forma sphaeroceph-
alus, 12, 13, 62; balticus, 102; Bo-
landeri, 13, var. riparius, 12, 13;
brachycarpus, 12, 14; longistylis,
20; microcephalus, 13; nodosus, 12,
14; occidentalis, 34; Tweedyi, 34;
xiphioides, 34.

Juniperus communis var. montana,
102.

NOVEMBER, 1958]

Kalmia polifolia, 102.

Kalmiopsis, 140.

Kearney, Thomas H. Arizona plant
records III, 61; wild and domesti-
cated cotton plants of the world,
103; a tentative key to the South
American species of Hibiscus, L.,
161; tentative key to the South
American species of Abutilon, Mil-
ler, 201; a tentative key to the
South American species of Pa-
vonia, Cav., 225; a tentative key
to the South American species of
Sida, L., 249.

Keck, David D. Benitoa, a new genus
of Compositae from California, 25.

Kochia scoparia var. subvillosa, 74.

Koeleria phleoides, 180.

Kumlienia, 116.

Langloisia Schottii, 175.

Laphamia, sect. Pappothrix, 169, 170;
gilensis, 170; laciniata, 170; rotun-
data, 118; staurophylla, 168-170.

Lathyrus Brownii, 87; Cicera, 216;
Goldsteinae, 91; latifolius, 36;
sphaericus, 216.

Ledum californicum 2, 6; columbi-
anum, 1-4, 7; glandulosum, 1, 2, 4,
5, 7, ssp. columbianum, 7, ssp. co-
lumbianum var. australe, 5, 8, ssp.
columbianum var. columbianum,
7, 8, ssp. glandulosum, 5, ssp. glan-
dulosum var. californicum, 5, 6, 8,
ssp. glandulosum var. glandulo-
sum, 4-6, ssp.olivaceum, 5-7; gro-
enlandicum, 1, 3, 4.

Leersia oryzoides, 73.

Lemmonia, 140.

Leonurus Cardiaca, 78.

Lepidium lasiocarpum var. Wrightii,
75; latifolium, 35; nanum, 116.

Leptochloa fascicularis, 33.

Leptodactylon caespitosum, 116.

Leptopharynx, 169.

Lesquerella Fendleri, 75; Wardii, 75.

Libocedrus decurrens, 175.

Limosella aquatica, 79.

Lithospermum multiflorum, 78.

Lomatium latilobum, 117.

Lonicera arizonica, 79.

Lopimia, 225, 246.

Lotus Leonis, 101; Purshianus, 76.

Ludwigia palustris, 159.

Lupinus group Lepidi, 155; group
aaa 155; sect. Microphyllus,

0.

Lupinus affinis, 49, 155, 156; albicau-
lis, 49, 52, 218; aliclementinus, 155,
156; arbustus, 49, 50, ssp. neo-laxi-
florus, 50; argenteus, 48, 51, 63,
76; bicolor, 49, 51; Blaisdellii, 86;
Brandegei, 87; caudatus, 62; Camp-
bellae, 88; carnosulus, 49; Cusickii,
154; Cutleri, 89; Dalesae, 88; Du-

INDEX

255

rani, 90; grandifolius, 48; guada
lupensis, 155, 156; Hellerae, 52, 53;
Hendersoni, 92; huachucanus, 62;
Isabelianus, 95; Kerrii, 94; Kuschei,
94; Layneae, 86; latifolius, 54; laxi-
florus, 49, 50; Lelandsmithii, 99;
lepidus, 49, 154, 155, ssp. Cusickii,
154; leucophyllus, 48, 155; leucop-
sis, 48, 50; lignipes, 54; littoralis,
50; micranthus, 47-49, 52; mini-
mus, 50; Munzii, 96; nanus, 156;
Noldekae, 96; nootkatensis, 49, var.
albus, 49; ornatus, 47, 48, 50-54;
Parishii, 97; Pipersmithii, 45; plu-
mosus, 51; polyphyllus, 48; pusil-
lus, 48, 51, ssp. intermontanus, 51;
rivularis, 49, 54; Rosei, 98; Sabini-
anus, 51, 53; sericeus, 48, 50; sul-
phureus, 51; tenellus, 49, 51; Tra-
cyi, 83, 100; Van Dykeae, 100; vil-
losus, 48, 51; volutans, 62, 154, 155;
Whiltonae, 101.

Luzula Piperi, 29.

Lychnis coronaria, 220; dioica, 176.

Lycurus phleoides, 73.

Lyonothamnus, 140.

Macromeria viridiflora, 72, var.
Thurberi, 72.

Madia sativa, 219.

Maguire, Bassett, and Barneby, R. C.
A new species of Arenaria, 55.

Maianthemum dilatatum, 102.

Malache panamensis, 245.

Malachra ovata, 242.

Malacothamnus chilensis, 139.

Malva neglecta, 77.

Margaranthus, 65.

Marsilea vestita, 159.

Maurandya acerifolia, 117.

Maxonia apiifolia, 191.

McCaskill, June, and Harvey, Wil-
liam A. New records of Compositae
in California, 156.

Medicago hispida, 76.

Melia Azedarach, 66.

Melilotus albus, 76.

Mentzelia albicaulis, 71; involucrata,
77; multiflora, 71; puberula, 77;
pumila, 61; Veatchiana, 71.

Microseris heterocarpa, 66; linearifo-
lia, 66, 80.

Mimulus angustatus, 116; aridus, 115;
Bigelovii, 79; Bioletti, 85; Cong-
doni, 116; Fremontii, 116; Granti-
anus, 91; Kelloggii, 116; moschatus,
222; nasutus, 79; Palmeri, 116;
Reifschneiderae, 150, 151; tricolor,
116; washoensis, 151; Wolfi, 101.

Mirabilis oxybaphoides, 74.

Moldavica parviflora, 78.

Mollugo Cerviana, 74.

Monachino, Joseph. New records of
western plants, 176.

Monarda didyma, 115.

296

Monardella macrantha, 115; nana
var. arida, 115; neglecta, 115; odor-
atissima, 72, ssp. parvifolia, 72;
parvifolia, 72.

Moneses uniflora, 102.

Monolopia, 141.

Montia parvifolia, 102; sibirica, 102.

Morton, C. V. Ferns of the Galapagos
Islands, 188.

Muhlenbergia andina, 174; asperi-
folia, 175; curtifolia, 73; minutis-
sima, 73; polycaulis, 61; Porteri,
73; Richardsonis, 73; sinuosa, 73;
tenuifolia, 61.

Muilla, 139.

Myosotis discolor, 220.

Myriophyllum exalbescens, 71; spica-
tum ssp. exalbescens, 71, var. ex-
albescens, 71.

Najas guadalupensis, 159.

Nama dichotomum, 78; Rothrockii,
65.

Navarretia Bowmanae, 86; Breweri,
78; Jaredi, 93.

Neostapfia, 139.

Nicotiana attenuata, 176.

Noldeke, Anita M., and Herriott,
Lilian. A numerical summary of
the vascular plants of California,
58.

Notholaena californica, 115; Cope-
landii, 116; Parryi, 115; sinuata
var. integerrima, 72.

Odontostomum, 139.

Oenothera Boothii, 77; cavernae, 77;
deltoides, 23.

Olneya Testota, 76.

Onix, 120.

Ophiocephalus, 140.

Ophioglossaceae, 188.

Ophioglossum reticulatum, 188.

Orcuttia, 139.

Oreonana, 140.

Ornduff, Robert, and French, David
H. Notable plants of the Warm
Springs Indian Reservation, Ore-
gon, 217.

Ornithopus pinnatus, 24; roseus, 24.

Ornithostaphylos, 140.

a saad multiflora var. arenosa,

9.

Orochaenactis, 141.

Ostrya Knowltoni, 74.

Oxalis oregana var. Smalliana, 157;
Smalliana, 157; Smallii, 157.

Oxybaphus comatus, 74; pumilus, 74.

Oxytheca, 126; caryophylloides, 126;
dendroidea, 126; emarginata, 126;
glandulosa, 38; insignis, 127; trilo-
bata, 126; Watsoni, 126.

Oxytropis deflexa var. sericea, 29.

LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY

[VOL. VIII, NO. 12

Parentucellia viscosa, 176.

Parnassia californica, 174.

Paronychia sessiliflora, 16.

Pavonia sect. Eupavonia, 226, 242,
243, 245; sect. Goetheoides, 226;
sect. Lopimia, 246; sect. Malvavis-
coides, 226; sect. Peltaea, 225; sect.
Typhalaea, 226, 246.

Pavonia affinis, 244; agertoides, 243;
alba, 236; albiflora, 236; almasana,
236; alnifolia, 226; angustifolia,
236, 242; apiculata, 227, 237; ar-
gentina, 237, 245; Aschersoniana,
242; aspera, 238; bahiensis, 243;
Balansae, 235, 238-240; Bangii,
245; begoniaefolia, 243; belophylla,
231, 233, 245; betonicaefolia, 244;
Blanchetiana, 242, var. cordata,
246, var. ovata, 246; bracteosa, 242;
bullata, 245; calyculosa, 226, 243;
campestris, 237, 243; canaminensis,
245; cancellata, 228, 229, 241, var.
deltoides, 243; castaneaefolia, 230,
244; cochensis, 228, 229, 240, 241;
communis, 227; commutata, 234,
244, 245; consobrina, 231, 233, 244;
costaricensis, 244; Cymbalaria, 245;
deltoidea, 243; distinguenda, 244;
diuretica, 246; Edouardii, 242;
Engleriana, 234; erythrolema, 226;
eurychlamys, 233; flava, 243; flavi-
spina, 228; fruticosa, 227, 228, 244;
fulva, 244; Garckeana, 231; gemini-
flora, 237; glandulosa, 244; Gla-
zioviana, 226; glechomoides, 235;
Goudotiana, 228, 243; gracilis, 234;
grandiflora, 239; grisea, 245; Guer-
keana, 232, 233, 245; Hassleriana,
231, 234; hastata, 231, 233, 244, var.
glabriuscula, 233, 244, var. grandi-
flora f. belophylla, 244, f. pulchra,
244, var. pubescens f. brevifolia,
233, f. longifolia, 233, 244, var. sub-
concolor, 233, f. bullata, 245; Hier-
onymi, 237; Hoehnei, 231, 232, 235,
242, 244, var. oblongifolia, 232, 244,
245; Hostmanni, 245; humifusa,
228, 229, 241; immaculata, 237;
intermedia, 230; involucrata, 242;
Julianae, 225; Kunthii, 245; laete-
virens, 238, 240; lanata, 231, 244;
lanceolata, 246; latifolia, 234; leu-
cantha, 228, 229; longipedunculata,
226; Luetzelburgii, 227; miacro-
styla, 240, 243; Malmeana,, 232;
malvaviscoides, 226; Martii, 243;
mattogrossensis, 234, 235, var. lo-
bata, 235; melanostyla, 226, 238;
microphylla, 228; missionum, 234;
mollis, 237, 245; monantherica,
227; montana, 226, var. velutina,
242; Morongii, 245; muricata, 245;
Mutisii, 245; nana, 231, 232, 242,
244; nemoralis, 244; nigrobracte-
ata, 242; nudicaulis, 242; opuli-

NOVEMBER, 1958]

folia, 240, 246; orbicularis, 238,
239; ovata, 242; oxyphyllaria, 230;
panamensis, 245; paniculata, 235,
243, 245, 246, ssp. paludosa, 246;
parva, 230; patuliloba, 239, 246;
peruviana, 230, 244; Philippi, 227,
241; piauhyensis, 238, 241, 243;
platyloba, 236; Pohlii, 241, 246;
polymorpha, 242; Preslii, 225; pri-
onophylla, 233, 244; prostrata, 243;
pseudotyphalaea, 229, 244; psilo-
phylla, 232, 244; pterocarpa, 238;
pulchra, 231, 233; sagittata, 231,
244; sapucayensis, 234; scabra, 245;
Schrankii, 231, 234; Schwackei, 240,
243; semiserrata, 226; sepium, 227,
228, 243, var. Balansae, 243; sessili-
flora, 225, var. acutifolia, 242, var.
obtusifolia, 242; sidifolia, 237, 243,
ssp. diuretica, 246; silvatica, 230;
speciosa, 236, 238, 242, 245, ssp.
polymorpha, 225, 245; spicata, 236,
245; Spinifex, 227, 243, ssp. com-
munis, 243, var. genuina, 243; spi-
nistipula, 235, 238, 239; subhastata,
238, 240, 245, 246, ssp. paludosa
var. eglandulosa f. vitifolia, 246,
ssp. paludosa var. mollis f. patuli-
loba, 246; subrotunda, 242, 245;
subtriloba, 245; surumuensis, 235,
238, 242, 246; Typhalaea, 243; Ul-
brichiana, 231; umbrosa, 230; Ur-
baniana, 232; urticifolia, 228, 243;
varians, 227; viscidula, 244; viscosa,
242; vitifolia, 240, 246; Warmingi-
ana, 230; xanthogloea, 232, 244;
Zehntneri, 238, 242.

Peck, Morton E. A new Corydalis
from Oregon, 39.

Pectocarya recurvata, 78.

Pedicularis centranthera, 79.

Pelargonium, 44.

Pellaea brachyptera, 116; Jonesii, 72;
limitanea, 72; pulchella, 116.

Peltaea, 225.

Peltiphyllum, 139, 140.

Peltobractea, 225; nigrobracteata,
242.

Penstemon Austini, 85; Berryi, 85;
Grinnellii, 91; linarioides, 117;
Moffatii, 96; oliganthus, 79; pini-
folius, 117; pseudospectabilis, 79;
Rydbergii, 79; utahensis, 116; vir-
gatus, ssp. arizonicus, 79.

Pentachaeta, 140.

Perityle coronopifolia, 118.

Phaca picta, 22.

Phacelia affinis, 78; argentea, 30, 31;
integrifolia, 78; inyoensis, 143; lep-
tosepala, 31; magellanica, 29, 32,
78; mutabilis, 31; nemoralis, 29, 31,
ssp. nemoralis, 31, ssp. oregonensis,
30, 31; Rattanii, 176; submutica,
143; thermalis, 218; verna, 116.

Phalacroseris, 141.

INDEX

297

Phalaris Lemmoni, 247.
Philadelphus microphyllus, 69.
Phleum commutatum, 199.

Phlox tumulosa, 116.

Phoradendron juniperinum var. Lib-
ocedri, 175.

Phragmites communis, 199.

Picea amabilis, 173; pungens, 72.

Pickeringia, 140.

Pinus chihuahuana, 66; contorta,
102; Coulteri, 26; edulis, 72; Engel-
mannii, 66; flexilis var. reflexa, 66;
Jeffreyi, 175; Lambertiana, 217;
latifolia, 66; leiophylla, 66; ponde-
rosa, 223; reflexa, 66; Sabiniana,
26, 175; strobiformis, 66.

Pisophaca, 21; gracilenta, 63; Greenei,
63; Hallii, 63.

Pityrogramma triangularis var. pal-
lida, 116.

Plagiobothrys Scouleri, 218.

Plantago argyraea, 79.

Poa annua, 199; Bigelovii, 73; bul-
bosa, 220; compressa, 73; Suksdor-
fii, 248.

Pogogyne, 140.

Polanisia trachysperma, 75.

Polemonium Berryi, 85; Brandegei,
117; eximium, 248; Tevisii, 99.

Polygala subspinosa, 77.

Polygonum aviculare, 74; Convolvu-
lus, 74; Kelloggii, 74; pensylvani-
cum, 74.

Polypodium angustifolium var. am-
phistemon, 193; balaonense, 193;
bombycinum, 193, 194, var. insu-
larum, 193, var. oligomeris, 193;
lepidopteris, 193; pleiosoros, 190.

Polypogon interruptus, 73.

Polystichum apiifolium, 191.

Populus nigra var. italica, 66.

Potentilla argyrocoma, 115; Baileyi
var. setosa, 115; Hickmani, 92;
multifoliolata, 115; pensylvanica,
75; sabulosa, 115; sericoleuca, 115.

Prenanthes alata, 102.

Primula Ellisiae, 117; Hunnewellii,
77; specuicola, 116.

Proboscidea arenaria, 79; parviflora,

Prunus emarginata, 75; fasciculata,

Pseudabutilon, 215.

Pseudobahia, 141.

Pseudopavonia, 225.

Psoralea mephitica var. retrorsa, 76.
Pterospora andromedea, 77.
Puccinellia, 67.

Purshia tridentata, 75.

Quercus Alvordiana, 84; Douglasii,
26; durata, 175; Garryana, 218;
Kelloggii, 223.

298

Ranunculus Bongardi, 102; hystricu-
lus, 116; occidentalis, 102; ranun-
culinus, 118; sceleratus, 74; testicu-
latus, 220.

Raven, Peter H. The introduced spe-
cies of Bromus, sect. Ceratochloa,
in California, 151; plant records
from San Benito County, Califor-
nia, 174; notes on two umbellife-
rous weeds in California, 177; the
grasses of San Francisco, Califor-
nia, 198; Heleochloa alopecuroides
in Washington, 200; the author of
Bromus Haenkeanus, a correction,
216; plants from Mt. Whitney, Cal-
ifornia, 248.

Ribes ascendens var. Jasperae, 93;
aureum, 75; Brandegei, 87; cere-
um, 75; Hittellianum, 92; Scupha-
mi, 99; Watkinsi, 100.

Ripley, Dwight. Westerners in the
East, 114.

Romanzoffia Suksdorfii, 116.

Romneya, 140.

Rorippa obtusa, 75; palustris, 159.

Rosa Lesterae, 98; neomexicana, 75.

Rubtzoff, Peter. Aponogeton distach-
yus in San Mateo County, Califor-
nia, 60; Iris longipetala in Sonoma
County, California, 272.

Rumex densiflorus, 67, 68; nemato-
podus, 67, 68; occidentalis, 67; tri-
angulivalvis, 74.

Sagittaria Sanfordii, 159.

Salix Bonplandiana, 74; Breweri,
175; Covillei, 89; padophylla, 67;
pseudomonticola, 67.

Salpichroa rhomboidea, 65.

Salvia Clevelandii, 115; reflexa, 78;
subincisa, 78.

Sambucus coerulea, 72, 79; glauca,
72; neomexicana, 72, 79.

Sarcodes, 140.

Saxifraga Mertensiana, 102.

Saxifragopsis, 140.

Schoenolirion, 140.

Scirpus americanus var. polyphyllus,
73; Hallii, 159; microcarpus, 102;
saximontanus, 159; supinus var.
Hallii, 159.

Sedella, 140.

Senecio Adamsi, 143; Greenei, 57,
116; millelobatum, 80; Millikeni,
96; neowebsteri, 143; Websteri,
143.

Sequoia, 139.

Sequoiadendron, 139.

Setaria glauca, 67; lutescens, 67.

Sida sect. Malvinda, 253; Malvinda-
Pentacocca sect. Decumbentae, 266;
sect. Oligandrae, 250; sect. Physal-
odes, 251, 266; sect. Pseudomalach-
ra, 250; sect. Pseudomalvastrum,
251; sect. Steninda, 252; sect. Thyr-
sinda, 253.

LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY

[ VOL. VIII, NO. 12

Sida abscissa, 267; acrantha, 253, 256,
268, 270; acuminata, 264, 270, var.
grandiflora, 270, var. Rojasii, 270;
acuta, 261, var. hispida, 261; ad-
scendens, 264; aggregata, 253, 254;
alba, 254, 258, 268; Allemanii, 261;
amoena, 266; anarthra, 270; angu-
lata, 266; angustifolia, 268; angus-
tissima, 261, 267; anomala, 251,
266; arborea, 214; argentina, 255,
270, var. paraguayensis, 267; Ar-
rudiana, 269; asiatica, 214; auran-
tiaca, 258, 268, var. fragrantissima,
268; Bakeriana, 261; Barclayi, 270;
betulaefolia, 266; blepharoprion,
256; Bradei, 267, 270; brasiliensis,
266; calchaquiensis, 262; campes-
tris, 262; campi, 267; camporum,
270; capitulifera, 267; caudata,
268; cearensis, 254, 259, 269; cen-
turiata, 249; chachapoyensis, 250,
267; chacoensis, 266; chapadensis,
259; ciliaris, 249, 251; cistiflora,
214; compressicaulis, 266; confusa,
255; cordifolia, 253, 262, var. brevi-
aristata, 263, var. variegata, 270;
cymbalaria, 266; decandra, 250; de-
cumbens, 252, 268, 269; dictyo-
carpa, 254, 260, 267, 269, var. es-
peranzae, 269; Dombeyana, 267;
dubia, 269; echinata, 266; elata,
269; Emilei, 254, 258-260; esperan-
zae, 260; Fiebrigii, 267; flavescens,
249, 266; galheirensis, 253, 262;
glabra, 260, 267; Glaziovii, 262,
265; glomerata, 254, 269; glutinosa,
253, 269; goyazensis, 253, 268; gra-
cilipes, 254, 256; gracillima, 259;
graminifolia, 249, 266; grewiifolia,
250; guianensis, 269; Hassleri, 249,
252, hastata, 266; hederaefolia, 250,
255, 259; hirticarpa, 266; inflata,
249, 266; intermedia, 266; interrup-
ta, 269; jamaicensis, 258; Jamesonii,
260; jatrophoides, 250; Killipii,
259; Kohautiana, 270; lapaensis,
256; leprosa, 251; Leutzelburgii,
254; Lilloana, 256; linearifolia,
258; linifolia, 249, 252, 268, var.
brevis, 249, var. linifolia, 249; lo-
mageiton, 250; lomana, 250, 266;
lonchitis, 270, var. surinamensis,
270; Luschnathiana, 266; macro-
don, 251, 252, 266, 267; margariten-
sis, 257; Martiana, 258, 268, var.
viscosissima, 268; melanocaulon,
257; micrantha, 252, 253, 266; Mi-
queliana, 266; mollis, 215, 267;
mollissima, 214; montana, 270;
multicrena, 263, var. longearistata,
270; myriantha, 266; nemorensis,
266; obsita, 267; odorata, 254, 256;
oligandra, 250, 266; ovalis, 266;
palmata, 250, 266; paniculata, 253,
paradoxa, 251; paraguariensis, 270;

NOVEMBER, 1958]

patuliloba, 250; peruviana, 214;
physaloides, 266; physocalyx, 244,
249, 252; piauhyensis, 259; pilifera,
267; Pohliana, 266; potentilloides,
263, 269, ssp. elata, 269; procum-
bens, 255; prostrata, 249, 251, 252;
pseudocymbalaria, 264, 266, 270;
pseudo-potentilloides, 261, 270, var.
manresana, 261; pseudo-urens, 254,
257; pulverulenta, 212, 264; pur-
purascens, 214, 264, 270; pyramida-
ta, 253, 267; quinquenervia, 249,
260; radiciflora, 266; ramosissima,
268; Regnellii, 264; repens, 267;
rhombifolia, 262, 263, 270; rhombi-
formis, 266; ribifolia, 266; ricino-
ides, 266; Riedelii, 268; rivulicola,
255; Rojasii, 266, 270; rubifolia,
265, ssp. pseudocymbalaria, 270, f.
suborbicularis, 270; rufescens, 257;
Ruizii, 259; rupicola, 260, var.
grandiflora, 256; rupo, 250; salviae-
folia, 261, 270, var. submutica, 261;
santaremensis, 263-265, var. Kra-
povickasiana, 263; savannarum,
267; semidentata, 266; serrata, 254,
267, var. abscissa, 254, 267; sessili-
flora, 269; setosa, 266; spinosa, 258,
267, 268, var. angustifolia, 259, var.
Riedelii, 259, var. spinosa, 258; sto-
lonifera, 266; subcuneata, 253, 256,
268, 270, var. acrantha, 268; sub-
orbicularis, 266; subsessilis, 270;
sulphurea, 266; surumuensis, 250,
251; sylvatica, 213; tobatiensis, 265,
270; tomentella, 257, 268; tomen-
tosa, 266; tuberculata, 264, 265, var.
pseudorhombifolia, 270; Tulla,
266; Ulei, 257; urens, 253, 257, 268,
var. aurea, 268, var. rufescens,
‘268; urosepala, 265; urticaefolia,
251, 266; variegata, 262; venosa,
213; veronicaefolia, 250, 267, 268,
269, var. hederifolia, 267; vesper-
tina, 263; viarum, 254, 255, 267,
var. Balansae, 255; villosa, 266;
viminea, 267; viridis, 267; viscidula,
266; Weberbaueri, 264, 267.

Sidastrum, 249, 269; quinquenervi-
um, 269.

Silene conoidea, 35; vulgaris, 35.

Smith, Charles Piper, 41; botanical
writings of, 45, 46.

Solanum americanum, 79; Fendleri,
79; triflorum, 79.

Solidago confinis, 175; decumbens,
80; missouriensis, 80.

Sonchus oleraceus, 80.

Spartina foliosa, 199.

Sphaeralcea Rusbyi, 77.

Sphaerophysa salsula, 70.

Sporobolus airoides, 73; contractus,
73; Wrightii, 73.

Stanleya albescens, 75; pinnata, 23.

INDEX

299

Stellaria gonomischa, 69; graminea,
272; umbellata, 69.

Stephanomeria Haleyi, 92; Thurberi,
80.

Stipa cernua, 200; Lettermani, 73.

Streptopus roseus ssp. curvipes, 102.

Stylomecon, 140.

Swertia radiata, 78.

Synthyris lanuginosa, 118; Paysonii,
118; Ritteriana, 98.

Talinum brevifolium, 117; okanog-
anense, 117; pulchellum, 117; Way-
ae, 101.

Tanacetum, 118.

Tetracoccus fasciculatus var. Hallii,
70; Hallii, 70, 77.

Tetradymia canescens, 80.

Thamnosma montana, 77.

Thelesperma megapotamicum, 80.

Thelypodium integrifolium, 75;
Wrightii, 75.

Thelypteris, 190; columbiana, 194;
dentata, 194; gongylodes, 194; pa-
tens, 194; Poiteana, 194; tetragona,
194, 195, ssp. aberrans, 194, 195.

Thermopsis macrophylla, 158, 159,
var. agnina, 158; robusta, 159.

Thomas, John H. A review of Calyp-
tridium Parryi, 9; Charles Piper
Smith, 1877-1955, 41.

Thomas, J. H., and Ernst, W. R. A
lawn weed from Stanford Univer-
sity, California, 272.

Thurberia, 104.

Tium, atratiforme, 64; scopulorum,
64

Tolmeia Menziesii, 102.

Torreyochloa, 67; pauciflora, 199.

Townsendia minima, 116.

Tracyina, 140.

Tragopogon dubius, 80; pratensis,
224.

Trianthema Portulacastrum, 74.

Tribulus terrestris, 220.

Trichostema brachiatum, 65; micran-
thum, 65.

Tridens elongatus, 73.

Trifolium glomeratum, 247; incarna-
tum, 144; pratense, 76; Rusbyi, 76.

Triglochin maritima, 102.

Triplochlamys, 225.

Triteleia Bridgesii, 131; ixioides, 129-
131; hyacinthina, 130, 131, var.
Greenei, 131; lilacina, 131, 132;
lugens, 129, 130; scabra, 130, 131.

Tropidocarpum, 59, 140.

Tuberaria guttata, 24.

Turricula, 140; Parryi, 140.

Twisselmann, Ernest C. The field oc-
currence of Howelliella, 57.

Typha domingensis, 72.

Umbellularia, 139, 140.

300

Valeriana Adamsiana, 84; arizonica,
79, 117; edulis, 79; Follettiana, 91;
Whiltonae, 101.

Van Dyke, Mrs. Edwin Cooper, 100.

Venegasia, 59, 141.

Verbascum Thapsus, 79.

Verbena bracteata, 159.

Verbesina encelioides, 80.

Veronica Copelandii, 83, 89.

Vicia Durbrowi, 90; Copelandi, 89.

Viola Beckwithii, 116; Hallii, 116.

Vollmer, Dr. Albert, 100.

Waldron, Mrs. Marian Louise, 87.
Walther, Eric. New light on a local

LEAFLETS OF WESTERN BOTANY

[ VOL. VIII, NO. 12

Eucalyptus hybrid, 118.
Watkins, William Grant, 100.
Way, Mrs. Allan Eugene, 101.
Weston, Edward Roy, 101.
Wetherill, Benjamin Alfred, 101.
Whilton, Ynes Yna, 101.
Whitney, Leo David, 101.
Whitneya, 141.

Winblad, Mrs. Ynez Whilton, 101.
Wislizenia refracta, 75.
Wissadula, 207, 210, 213, 215; Balan-

sae, 215.

Wolf, Dr. Carl Brandt, 101.

Yucca elata, 74; Whipplei, 176.

ERRATA

Page 58, line 15: for LILLIAN read LILIAN.

Page 95, line 12: for Marlin read Maralin.

Page 97, line 45: for Charlton read Carlton.

Page 100, lines 11 and 12: for Engles read Engle; and for
Austin, Minn., read Waterloo, Iowa.

Page 153, line 14: for Presl read (Presl) Kunth.

Page 228, line 17: for flavispana read flavispina.

rt

pa) ; j

;
Yoo th

t
ie
we

~~
Me
>
a

—_—,
ee
sar
= —-

ee ee
ee Se ee

a
—

Pie Ba aoe

ei

aah
nha ay

. , wie Mh ia
’ witha " i ee ,

a

fh vai
‘ wih Wt a
a | \ Y

3

7a 2

te al TE aed

MT
| 3 5185 00225 9727

ee ae eel
“ee ae am

we
~e

Ag ot Foe Fae : oa : . OT! < eww ot
Ae ean ce ae = a : ne wee -os me : . ~ ae : et Pe nal en
— . ae - ~ Oe AR Ge: tS

ae ett Aer ligne, Ay ny eg

a : - -
gs tat

Rpt ae ee
I a tan om
tn oe

i

« SS eS ae
a eg a a RM, SN
I a, ity eg RP

ag ata ap a Ate ete
vw — » and cre ater

- +e. ner rs . _ 3 cn OTN 0 iacetiafingizinn

Pein so, Sgt - ° ’ ~ > - - . - a ~~ % ~ = fete 7 : th APR gn nme yall gem ne wer

Le a ge aati = ¥ ~ ene sl as - ~ - . . a a en
2 _— . — ~— ie neha re =~ ae * “ - “

ene
Fite t= kee my mse

NOS ne meneame Nee
~~. pours om ee eee ee ee
pen ag carte ot a . + ‘ a : oy ns 3 Fat ber a oe roe OSS cooaeahal

agg Ty ge AO Na age, a 7 - a " Pp lg Miah ey Aah hy

a el edna od
em oe oe

ee eee
tee anges Te

eee A
a een ee

et ate me
poh

ee He ee ee

Ce er ee a Pe -
Ri Oe te any s : : . . 5 aes ivan nd
te Ee ete tat a I * = - : an : i 2 : - =
Sage Sa Be eet een P - . » : - a vee ; . 2% ae

ee
Seen

5 tare
Smee
a anette ae a at oe Ste Ns pen te ce etre
Sm Nene a hen ma , 3 ooh wa ain my are agree
a eNO we aks, Mh . ‘
er I

Pen ee Ce
ee eS ee et ee