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LEECHDOMS, WORTCUNN1NG,

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STARCRAFT

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EAliLY ENGLAND.

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A COLLECTION OF DOCUMENTS, FOR THE MOST PART
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THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE IN THIS COUNTRY
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87

VOL. II.

PUBLISHED Br THE AUTHORITY OF THE LORDS COMMISSIONERS Of HER MAJESTY'S
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186dy.

Printed by
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. Por Her Majesty's Stationery Office.

CONTENTS.

Page

Preface - vii

Leech Book. Book I. 1

„ Book II. - •■ - 158

Book III. - - 300

Glossary - - - - - -361

Index of Proper Names - - - 415

k

PREFACE.

PREFACE.

No historical records arc complete without the usual
chapter on Manners and Customs ; and the true scholar
never feels himself well in possession of the requisite
knowledge of the past age, till he has so learnt its
time honoured tale, as to apprehend in a human and
practical sense those feelings which made its super-
stitions plausible, its heathenism social, its public
institutions tend, in the end, to the general welfare.

The Saxons have not been more fortunate than others
in their appreciation by us, self satisfied moderns. They
have been, and still are, I believe, commonly regarded
as mangy dogs, whose success against the Keltic race
in this country was owing chiefly to their starved
condition and ravening hunger. The children protest
that, positively, as they know from their most reliable
handbooks, these roving savages stuffed their bellies
with acorns, and the enlightened literati and dilettanti
begrudge them any feeling of respect for their queens
and ladies, or any arts such as befit our " Albion's
" glorious isle " under an English king.

The Avork now published for the first time, and
from a unique manuscript, will, if duly studied, afford
a large store of information to a very different effect,
and show us that the inhabitants of this land in
Saxon times were able to extract a very fair share
of comfortable food, and healing medicines, and savoury
drinks directly or indirectly from it. Many readers

Vlll

PREFACE.

will be glad to see drawn together into one the scat-
tered notices which occur most plentifully here, and
occasionally elsewhere, upon this matter.

At his noon meat or dinner, at the hora nonce, or
ninth hour of the day,1 for the word noon has now
changed its sense, the Saxon spread his table duly
and suitably with a table cloth.2 He could place on
it for the entertainment of his family and household,
the flesh of neat cattle,3 now Normanized, as Sir "Walter
Scott has made familiar to all, into beef, the flesh of
sheep,4 now called mutton, of pig, of goat,5 of calf,5 of
deer, especially the noble hart,6' of wild boar,0' the pea-
cock, swan, duck,7 culver or pigeon,8 waterfowl, barn-
door fowl,9 geese,10 and a great variety of wild fowl,
which the fowler caught with net, noose, birdlime,
birdcalls, hawks, and traps ;n salmon, eels, hake, pil-
chards, eelpouts,12 trout, lampreys, herrings, sturgeon,
oysters, crabs, periwinkles, plaice, lobsters, sprats/3
and so on.14

The cookery of these viands was not wholly contemp-
tible. It was entrusted to professors of that admired
art,15 who could, though their accomplishments have
been neglected by the annalists, put on the board
oyster patties,16 and fowls stuffed with bread and such
worts as parsley.17 Weaker stomachs could have light

! Horn. II. 256. Also Seo jumne
nbyrcpobe.jpam nubble oft non,
M.H. 158 a, The sun ivas darkened
from midday till noon. Even here
our dictionaries blunder.

- BeobclaS,iE.G. 8,line31. Myre
lijia&gel. Lye.

3 Lb. II. vii., etc.

1 Coll. Monasticon, p. 20.

0 Lb. II. xvi.

0 Coll. Mon. p. 22.

7 Lb. II. xvi.

* Lb. II. xxx. 2.

9 DD. 504 ; Lb. II. xvi. 2.

10 Lb. II. xvi. 2.

11 Coll. Mon. p. 25.

u Young eels (Kersey).

18 Sppoccas not in the dictionaries.
Besides two passages in which it
occurs, reserved for reasons which
readers of the Shrine will under-
stand, it occurs Coll. Mon. p. 23.
See French Celerin, Selerin ; the
MS. has Salin.

14 Coll. Mon. pp.23, 24.

,s Coll. Mon. p. 29.

1(i Lb. II. xxiii.

17 Lb. IILxii.

PREFACE.

IX

food, chickens,1 giblets, pigs trotters,2 eggs, broth,
various preparations of milk, some of the nature of
junkets.3

From some of their drawings,, their cookery of meat
seems to have been more Homeric4 than Roman or
modern English, for we see portions of meat brought
up on small spits, all hot, to the table. All food that
required it was sweetened with honey, before men had
betaken themselves to sugar. For fruits, we know
they had sweet apples,5 which are not indigenous to
England, pears, peaches,6 medlars, plums, and cherries.

Saxons, thus well provided with eatables, could
satisfy thirst with not a few good and savoury drinks ;
with beer, with strong beer, with ale, with strong ale,
with clear ale, with foreign ale, and with what they
called twybrowen, that is, double brewed ale, a luxury,
now rare, and rare too then probably.7 These ales
and beers were, of course, to deserve the name, and
as we learn from many passages of the present publi-
cation, made of malt, and some of them, not all pro-
bably, were hopped.8 I have sufficiently, in the Glos-
sary,9 established that the hop plant and its use were
known to the Saxons, and that they called it by a
name, after which I have inquired in vain among
hop growers and hop pickers in Worcestershire and
Kent, the Hymele.10 The hop grows wild in our hedges,
male and female, and the Saxons in this state called
it the hedge hymele ; a good valid presumption that they
knew it in its fertility. Three of the Saxon legal deeds

1 As before.

- Lb. II. i.

3 Gl. yletan.

* Koi a/^4>' ufieAoHTiv tOrjicav.

5 Mylsce aeppla, Lb. II. xvi.

6 Persocas, Lb. p. 170 ; Lacn. 89 ;
A<Sa£. .31.

7 Lb. I. xlvii. 3.

8 Hb. Ixviii.

9 See also Preface, Vol. I. p. lv.

10 I find Ymele, fern., gen -an, for
a roll, scroll, volumen. The Hymele
is in glossaries frequently Volubilis ;
and the two suggest a derivation for
either from Ymbe = 'A/t^i', so that
Hymele means coiler.

X PREFACE.

extant refer1 to a hide of land at Hymel-tun in Wor-
cestershire, the land of the garden hop, and as tun
means an enclosure, there can be not much doubt that
this was a hop farm. The bounds of it ran down to
the hymel brook, or hop plant brook, a name which
occurs about the Severn and the Worcestershire Avon
in other deeds. One of the unpublished glossaries
affords the Saxon word Hopu, Hops? and Hopwood in
Worcestershire doubtless is thence named. Perhaps,
to explain some testimonies to a more recent impor-
tation of hops, it may be suggested that, as land or
sea carriage of pockets of hops from Worcestershire to
London or the southern ports was difficult, the use of
the hop was long confined to that their natural soil,
while the Kentish hops may be a gift from Germany.

A table is well enough furnished where the flagons
are filled with good malt Jiquor ; it is flat heresy, they
say, to discover mischief in University " particular :"
but, notwithstanding, the Saxons drank also mead, an
exhilarating beverage, which from its sweetness must
have been better suited to the palates of the ladies,
and which was of an antiquity far anterior to written
or legendary history. They had also great store of
wines, which they distinguished by their qualities, as
clear, austere, sweet, rather than by their provinces or
birth. They made up also artificial drinks, oxymel,
hy dromel, mulled wines, and a Clear drink, or Claret,3
of the nature of those beverages which are now called
cup.

Salt, which is an indispensable condiment to civilized
man, they obtained from Cheshire and Worcestershire,
where they had furnaces for the evaporation of the

1 C.I). 209, 680, 10GG.

- " Lygistra hopu," Gl. Cleop.
f. 57 a. Ligustra, though known to
every ear, by the line Alba ligustra
cadunt, were long doubtful ; we be-

lieve them to be the blossoms of
privet.

:i See the Glossary in ftluttop
bpene.

PREF

XI

brine.1 Salt for salted meats,2 which also were quite
familiar to them, might be got from the saltpans on
the sea shore.

The dishes, on which their meats were served, were
sometimes of silver,3 nor was this esteemed a high
distinction.4 The vessels from which they drank were
sometimes of glass ;5 and those they had also transpa-
rent in quality.0 The supply upon, the tables of a chief-
tain, who had many retainers, was abundant, and not
over studious of luxury and refinement.7 When not
engaged in war or hunting, the princes thought a good
deal of their gormandize.8 Festive assemblies were more
frequent than among other races of men ; they were
duly ordered, and attended by gleemen, from whose
lips the honeysweets of song flowed readily and freely,
and whose reward came from the munificence of the
prince. The feasts not rarely lasted through the
night.9

In the monastic colloquy, an exercise for students,
who were to be "bilingues," capable of conversing in
their own language and in that of Rome, which is,
therefore, quite -destitute of artifice or ambition, a boy
is asked what he has to eat. His reply is, worts (that
is, kitchen herbs), fish, cheese, butter, beans, and flesh
meats. He drinks ale, and, if he cannot get that, water,
for he cannot afford wine. This is the daily diet of
a boy under education in a monastery.

Altogether, if the comfortable prejudices of modernism
do not shut out trustworthy and contemporary testi-

1 CD. 451.

2 Lb. p. 234, etc.

3 Discus argenteus regalibus
epulis refertus, Becla, III. vi.

4 Est videre apud illos argentese
vasa, legatis et principibus eorum
muneri datse, non in alia vilitate
quam quce humo finguntur. Tacitus,
Germ. 5.

r' Calicem is translated slaerys&t,
Beda, p. 618, line 12.

fi C.E. 78, ult.

7 Epulse et, quanquam incompti,
largi tamen adparatus, Tacit. Germ.
14.

3 Dediti somno ciboque, Tacit.
Germ. 15.

9 Tacit. Germ. 22.

XI 1

PREFACE.

mony the Saxons must be concluded to be very far
removed from that pasturage upon the herb of the
field which was the regale of human innocence, and
that feediug upon grass which was the doom of an
arrogant Oriental king. They seem to dine like Eng-
lishmen.

The Saxon imported purple palls, and silk, precious
gems, gold, rare vestments, drugs, wine, oil, ivory, ori-
chalehum (a very fine mixed metal of gold and silver),
brass, brimstone, glass, and many more such articles.1
Tin came by water from Cornwall. Their enterprise hy
sea was distinguished ; they pursued the dangerous
whale, and were known for their adventurous hostile
landings upon the Gallic coasts before they had settled
in this country.2

When the Saxons got possession of Britain, the}'
found it, not such as Julius Caesar describes it, but
cultivated and improved by all that the Romans knew
of agriculture and gardening. Hence rue, hyssop, fennel,
mustard, elecampane, southernwood, celandine, radish,
cummin, onion,3 lupin, chervil, flower de luce, flax
probably, rosemary, savory, lovage, parsley, coriander,
olusatrum, savine, were found in their gardens and
available for their medicines. Among the foreign drugs,
or the like, which are mentioned in this volume, we find
mastich, pepper, galbanum, scamony, gutta ammoniaca,
cinnamon, vermilion, aloes, pumice, quicksilver, brim-
stone, myrrh, frankincense, petroleum,4 ginger.

The Saxons and Engle for the supply of their tables,
thus, as we have seen, abundantly supplied, kept herds
of cattle. The agriculture was in great measure, with
alterations adapted to the moister climate, and with
improvements from lapse of time and from other coun-

1 Col. Mon. p. 27.

2 Ammianus Marcellinus, xxviii.

■>.

3 Ynneleac has for its first ele-
ment a Latinism, unionem, onion.

4 Lb. pp. 53, 57, 61, 101, 125
289,297.

PREFACE.

Xlll

tries, Koman. Among them arable land was excellently
cared for, much on the same method as we observe on
the downs of Kent, the garden of England. By throw-
ing a thousand small allotments into one great field,
they were well rid of the encumbrance, the weeds, the
birds, the boys going a birclnesting, and the repair of
hedges or other fences. But the pasture land was not
so well managed. The Romans, who had an elaborate
machinery of aqueducts and irrigation, grew hay in their
prata, or meadows, which were artificially supplied with
water, and to get two crops a year, or three or four,1
gave a large flow of that element to the soil. This,
of course, had its inconveniences, herbs that thrive in
wet came up stronger than the grass, especially horse-
tail, and a " nummulus " with pods. They had an awk-
ward inefficient way of cutting the grass with a hook,
held in the right hand only, and this was followed
by a second operation, called sickling,2 to cut what the
hooks had left. They tedded the hay, as is done now,
by hand, with forks,3 took care it should be dry enough
not to ferment, leaving it in cocks,4 and when ready
carried it off to the farm,5 and stored it in a loft.6

Our forefathers here were able, from the frequent Hay.
rains, to dispense for the most part with irrigation.
They cut the hay with sithes,7 the pattern of which
was probably borrowed from the continental Kelts,8 and,
most naturally, by the subdued British before the settle-
ment of the English, since they were relatives, spoke

1 Interamnse in Umbria quater
anno secantur etiam non rigua,
Plin. xviii. 67 = 28.

2 Sicilire ; Plin. as above, Varro,
RJl. i. 19.

3 Furcillis.
1 Metac.

5 Villa.

6 In tabulate Sub tecto, Colu-
mella, II. xix.

VOL. II.

7 Horn. II. p. 162. Also a Saxon
drawing in MS. Cott. Tiber. B. v.,
where the painter has given straight
handles to the sithes ; and has cer-
tainly committed an error in draw-
ing haymaking for August, and
reaping for June.

8 Galliarum latifundia maioris
compendii, Plin. as above.

XIV

PREFACE.

the language, and were in frequent communication with
Gaul. They stored the hay in ricks 1 and mows,2 where
it was less likely to get mouldy than in the half close
lofts of the Romans.

But according to the Roman system little hay was
prepared thus, there were legal impediments to ex-
tending widely the formation of inclosed pasturages, and
we read often enough of feeding the cattle upon leaves,
or rather on foliage.3 The man employed in procuring
small boughs for his cattle was called Frondator.4 The
greater part, by far, of Italian pasture land was common,
overspread by bushes and trees, where the employment
of herdsmen and shepherds was indispensable, and im-
provement was almost impossible.
Cattle thieves. In the same way, in early England, a grass field5 is
rarely heard of, while the law books are full of pre-
cautions against cattle thieves, whose bad business was
made easy by the threading commons and wide moors,
along which a stolen herd could be driven, picking up
subsistence on its way, and evading observation by
keeping off the great roads. So much were the farmers
pestered with cattle thefts, that the legislature required,
responsible witnesses to the transfer of such property,
and would have it transacted in open market; it also
invented a team ; that is to say, when Z, who has lost
his oxen, found them and identified them in possession
of A, the said A was bound by trustworthy witnesses
to show that he had them lawfully from B ; B was
then compelled to go through the same process, and to

1 This word is not in the Saxon
dictionaries, and I will not at pre-
sent indicate the passage where it is
to be found.

2 Mugan, Exodus xxii. 6.

3 " Quid maiora sequar ? Salices

" humilesque genistae

" Aut iliac pecori frondem aut

" pastoribus umbram
" Sufficiunt."

Virgil. Georgic. II. 434.
" Hie ubi densas agricolse strin-
" gunt frondes."

Id. Eel. ix. 60.

4 Virgil. Eel. I, 57.

5 Gseprtun.

PREFACE. XV

show that he gave honest money for them to C ; thus
a team or row of successive owners was unravelled till
it ended in P, who had neglected to secure credible
witnesses to his bargain ; or in Q, who bought them
at a risky price from the actual thief. Then Z recovered
his cattle or their value.1 Under this legislation the
chief difficulty of a loser was to trace the direction in
which his cattle had been driven off, and the skill of
the hunter in tracking the slot of the deer, helped to
follow the foot prints of horse or sheep or ox.2 The
less fertile parts of England are still patched by strips
of common, or ways with grassy wastes skirting them,
and the wanderer may often ramble by hedgerow elms
mid hillocks green, among the primroses and violets,
by ups and downs, through quagmires and over gates,
from his furthest point for the day, till he nears the
town and his inn. Elwes, the famous miser, could ride
seventy miles out of London without paying turnpike.
The Saxon herdsman watched the livelong night.3

The Saxons also, like the Romans, fed their cattle, Cattle fed on
sometimes, so as to make the notion familiar, with the leaves-
foliage of trees. In his life of St. Cuolberht, the venerable
Beda gives an account of a worthy Hadwald (Eadwald),
a faithful servant of iElflsed, abbess of Whitby, who was
killed by falling from a tree.4 iElfric three hundred
years afterwards telling the same story, gives us either
from some collateral tradition, by writing may be, may
be by word, or from his judgment of what was naturally
the mans business at tree climbing, an account that this
tree was an oak, and that he was feeding the cattle
with the foliage, so that he was killed in discharge
of his duty as herdsman.5 In the summer of 1864* this

1 DD. in many passages.

2 Horjiec, Fotrpop.

3 Coll. Mon. p. 20. Tota nocte
sto super eos vigilando propter
fures.

4 Incautius in arborem ascen-
dens deciderat deorsum, Beda, 256,
22.

3 Horn. II. 150.

b 2

XVI

PEEFACE.

Sheep.

Swine.

Boar hunting.

Hawking.

poor resource is said to have been used in some counties
of England, notwithstanding the " great strides science
" has made."

Sheep were driven to pasture by their shepherd with
his dogs, and at night were taken back home and folded.1
With goats, sheep provided most part of the milk and
cheese consumed in early times ; cow butter is fre-
quently named in this volume by way of distinction ;
these smaller beasts were robbed of their milk from the
teats between the hind legs. A Saxon calendar heads
the month of May with a painting representing sheep and
goats under the shepherds care.

Swine were entrusted to the swineherd, who pastured
them in his masters woods, or on a customary per-
centage of the stock,2 in the woods of some other pro-
prietor. He had a perquisite, a sty pig out of the farrow,
with another for his comrade or deputy, besides the
usual dues of servitors.3

A drawing of a purely Saxon type, in a Saxon manu-
script, represents the hunting of the wild boar ; a thane,
or as we say gentleman, on foot, has some wild pigs,
bristly and yellowish brown, in view ; he carries a long
boar spear, and his left hand rests on the hilt of his
sword, which is to save his life, if the boar charges ;
he is followed by an unarmed attendant, with a pair
of dogs in a leash, and a hunting horn. The painter
has probably assigned this drawing to the wrong
month.4

The same artist has drawn a Saxon gentleman out
a hawking on horseback, with an attendant on foot,
each provided with a hawk; the wild fowl, ducks or
teal, are in the picture, these the hawk dispatched

1 Coll. Mon. 20.

- One third of very fat ones, one
fourth, and one fifth of less fat.
DD. p. 58.

3 DP. p. 187.

4 September. To say this painting
represents herding swine is a strange
inaccuracy. No hand is raised to
shake down mast.

PREFACE. XV11

quickly, splitting their skulls with a stroke of his beak.
A. large bird, perhaps a heron, is introduced into the
scene.

Feather beds, with bolsters and pillows, were in use
in Saxon times. 1

It seemed necessary to pave the way for an examina- England
tion of the work now published by some such remarks
as these, which are not all trite or matters of course ;
in order that the minds of readers not very familiar
with these early times might give the rest of our facts
a readier acceptance. The entire scope and tenor of
all that we possess in the way of home literature, laws,
deeds, histories, poems, regarding these Angles and
Saxons, implies a tolerable degree of civilization ; and
many modern writers have persistently misrepresented
their customs, and pretended to unloose the very bonds
of society among them. I take leave to touch on one
or two points, tending still to prepare us for the facts
on the face of the present volume.

Tacitus says that the German races were well pleased Coins,
with Roman money, and that such coins as were of
approved value, the milled edged, and the pair horse
chariot stamped,2 had currency among them. In Eng-
land the kings, great and small, learned to imitate on
their own account the currency of Rome. Writers on
the subject dwell upon this, and we are, in our mended
age, ourselves guilty of this want of originality. Saxon
pennies are common enough, but the numismatists say
that they coined no gold, because no gold coins have
been turned up. Saxon gold mancuses are mentioned
in twenty different passages of manuscripts : they were
not money of account, for we read of mancuses by
weight ; and a will, now in the hands of a zealous
editor, settles the question by the following words :
" Then let twenty hundred mancuses of gold be taken

1 Gl. Somn. p. 60 b, line 40. | 2 Serratos bigatosque.

XV111

PREFACE.

Herbalist
learning.

'.' and coined into mancuses ;" l that is, there was a gold
coin of a determinate weight called a mancus, and coined
in England. Suppose when the document is fairly be-
fore us that this will turn out suspect ; suppose it be
pronounced a forgery ; still we have Saxon authority
for coining gold mancuses, and at home. All works
that touch the subject, know that there were in those
times royal mints and royal moneyers.

The Glossary appended to this work exhibits, from
among a still wider list, a large number of names of
herbs ; and materials exist for determining most of these
to full conviction. The change of residence produced
doubtless some confusion, by depriving the Saxons of spe-
cimens of the trees and plants answering to their names.
The Germanic races had not before their arrival here
pushed down upon the Mediterranean shores, but we
all know historically that they had not been confined
to cold climates, and one very curious proof exists
that in some instances the name they fixed on a plant
was appropriate only to its aspect in warmer countries.2
It is true that the oak, beech, birch, hawthorn, sloe-
thorn, bore native names, but elm,3 walnut, maple,
holly,4 are equally native names ; and, except the
walnut, native trees. The cherry was brought to Italy
by Lucullus, from Kspao-oOj, Cerasus, a city of Cappadocia,
where it was plentiful, and it has ever borne the
same name. The students of nature learn that many
species of its Fauna, and also, though less so, of its Flora,
can be traced to a single spot. Thus the peach, peproc,

1 panne mmjae (read nime) man
tpenng hunb mancufa golber T
gemynetige to mancuran, HID. fol.
21a. The transcript is not by any
means cotemporary.

2 1 regret I cannot here explain
this fully.

3 Not a Latinism.

4 Holen, which is originally an

adjective, Hole5n,Hole5en, and even
now so applied to Holn Wood on
the banks of the Dart, near Ash-
burton. Holes, Holly, is the ori-
ginal substantive, C.E. 437, line
19. The old Latin name is Aqui-
folius : the Ilex was glandiferous,
the evergreen oak.

PREFACE. ' xix

Malum Persicum, was from Persia ; there is no other
name for it but " the Persian apple." For such as these
ifc was impossible to have any other name ; they were
fruit trees foreign to all but their own countrymen.
The plum is a better sloe ; can be raised only by graft-
ing, for seedlings are found to degenerate ; which is
also the case with the pear, having its native equivalent
in the Pirus domestica, of Bewdley Forest. The syca-
more, which has been alleged to prove the Latinism
of the Saxons, is merely a maple. Yet the great
influence which a Latin education, and scarce any in-
struction in old English, has upon ourselves, is trace-
able even among the Saxons : the true signification of
some native names was passing away, and the plants
supposed once to have borne them began to be known
by some Roman denomination. For so common a plant
as mint, seen in every running ditch, on every watery
marge, there seems to be no name but that which is
Hellenic, and Latin. The Germanic races, on the con-
trary, were the original patrons of hemp J and flax,2
as against wool. It is, however, with their reach over
the material world, and their proficiency in the arts
which turn it to mans convenience, after, and not
before, their arrival in England, that we are now deal-
ing ; and we maintain that a great part of what the
Roman could teach, the Saxons, their successors, had
learnt.

The most cursory examination of the work now Book learning,
before us will show that we are reading of a civiliza-
tion such as the above details would lead us to ex-
pect. Here a leech calmly sits down to compose a
not unlearned book, treating of many serious diseases,
and assigning for them something he hopes will cure
them. In the Preface to the first volume it was ad-

1 Vol. I. p. x. note.

2 Feminae saepius lineis amictibus utuntur. Tacitus, Germ. 1 7.

XX

PREFACE.

The manu-
script.

mitted that Saxon leeches fell short of the daring skill of
Hellas, or the wondrous success of the leading medical
men of either branch in London or Paris. Notwith-
standing that this is a learned book, it sometimes sinks
to mere driveling, The author almost always rejects
the Greek recipes, and doctors as an herborist. It
will give any one who has the heart of a man in him
a thrill of horror to compare the Saxon dose of brook-
lime and pennyroyal twice a day, for a mother whose
child is dead within her,1 with the chapter in Celsus
devoted to this subject, in which we read, as in his
inmost soul, an anxious courageous care, and a sense
of responsibility mixed with determination to do his
utmost, which is, even to a reader, agitating.2

The volume consists of two parts ; a treatise on
medicine in two books, with its proper colophon at
the end, and a third of a somewhat more monkish
character. The book itself probably once belonged to
the abbey of Glastonbury, for a catalogue of the books
of that foundation, cited by Wanley,3 contains the entry
" Medicinale Anglicum," which is rightly interpreted,
" Saxonice scrip turn ;" and this book, rebound in 1757,
has preserved on one of the fly leaves an old almost
illegible inscription, " Medicinale Anglicum." Search
has been made for any record of the books, which, on
the dissolution of the monasteries, might have found
their way from Glastonbury to the Royal Library, but
in vain.

An earlier, the first, owner is pointed out in the
colophon.4

Bald habet hunc librum, Cild quern conscribere iussit.

1 Lb. p. 331.

2 Adhibenda curatio est, qua)
numerari inter difficillimas potest.
Nam et summani prudentiam mo-
derationemque desiderat, et maxi-

mum periculum affert. Celsus, VII.
xxix.

■ Hickes, Thesaur. Vol. II. Prscf.
ad Catalogum.

4 P. 298.

PREFACE. XXI

In this doggrel, Bald is the owner of the book ; we
have no right to improve him into iEbelbald ; Cild is,
probably, the scribe ; some will contend, the author.
In classical Latin no doubt would exist, conscribere
would at once denote the composing of the work :
but in these later days, when millions of foreigners
learnt the Latin language as a means of interchange of
thoughts, occasionally intruding their own Gothic words,
all such niceties of the ear went for nothing ; Cild
might well be the mere penman. But then the mar-
ginal tokens, and private memoranda, show that the
work so written had passed either through the hands
of the author, which from the use of private marks
is probable, or through those of another leech, who was
able to discover the sources of the authors information.
Bald anywise may have been the author himself.

Let us give a few touches to the, as yet, bare outline cud.
of the penman Cild. The famous Durham book is a
charming work of ancient Saxon art ; those who cannot
inspect the original may see a copy of a piece of the
ornamentation in the Gospel of St. Matthew, edited
by the Rev. Joseph Stevenson, and published by the
Surtees society. According to an entry of a later age
in the book itself, not of doubtful authenticity, this
exquisite piece of pattern work, which is a part of
the writing, was the performance of EaclfrrS, bishop
of Lindisfarne, who occupied that see from 698 to 721.
It is of Irish tone, and like many other dignitaries this
prelate had, very likely, completed his Christian educa-
tion in the Isle of Saints. Cild was certainly not of the
make and metal of a bishop, for the words " conscribere
" iussit " forbid it ; Dunstan forefend ! It would be
somewhat speculative to say, that in Northumbria,
A.D. 700, the art of writing was at a higher premium
than afterwards. I will not venture to say it, but
proceed upon surer data. One of the poems in the
Exeter book, of uncertain date, but before the end

XX11 PREFACE.

of the tenth century, mentions as a valued accomplish-
ment the art of writing in fair characters.1

One can cunningly
word speech write.

iElfric also himself in a sermon on Midlent Sunday, —
" Oft one seeth fair letters awritten ; then extolleth he
" the writer and the letters, and wotteth not what they
" mean. He who kenneth the difference of the letters,
" he extolleth the fairness, and readeth the letters,
" and understandeth what they mean." The honour
remained to beautiful writing, but the writer did not
stalk in so lofty a station. On the top margin of a
page 2 of the Oxford copy of the Herd Book, or Liber
Pastoralis, of King iElfred may be read these words, —

pillimot prut ]?uf o&3e bet,

that is, Willimot, write thus or better. A little further
on,3

ppit ]ruf o&>e bet oSSe J?me hybe poplet,

Write thus or better, or bid good bye to thy hide, that
is, get a good hiding. In an Harleian MS.4 there is
a bit of nonsense, but the same idea of a hiding is
uppermost ;

ppit ]mf ofrSe bet pibe apeg.

8elr.noeppattar.ox \u )?ilt jppmgan aelppic cilb ;

Write thus or better; ride away; JZlfnairpattafox; thou
wilt swinge child jElfric. From these marginal
scribblings it is plain that the penman had descended
from his episcopal throne, to be a tipsy drudge, kept
in order by the whip. Cild, " quern Bald conscribere
" iussit," was nearer the whip than the crooked staff.
Sald- The owner of the book, Bald, may be fairly presumed

to have been a medical practicioner, for to no other

1 " Sum ma&s feapolice,
ft popb cpibe ppican."

C.E.42,14.

2 Fol. 53 a.

3 Fol. 55 b.

4 Harl. 55, fol. 4 b.

PREFACE. XXlii

could such a book as this have had, at that time, much
interest. We see then a Saxon leech here at his studies;
the book, in a literary sense, is learned ; in a professional
view not so, for it does not really advance mans know-
ledge of disease or of cures. It may have seemed by
the solemn elaboration of its diagnoses to do so, but I
dare not assert there is real substance in it. Bald,
however, may have got some good out of it, he may
have learned to think, have begun to discriminate, to
take less for granted. Thus we see him in his study,
among his books becoming, for his day, a more ac-
complished physician ; and he speaks with a genuine
philosophs zeal about those his books. " nulla mihi tarn
" cara est optima gaza Quam cari libri :" fees and stored
wealth he loved not so well as his precious volumes.
If Bald was at once a physician and a reader of learned
books on therapeutics, his example implies a school of
medicine among the Saxons. And the volume itself
bears out the presumption. We read in two cases 1 that
" Oxa taught this leechdom ;" in another 2 that " Dun
" taught it ;" in another " some teach us ;" 3 in another
an impossible prescription being quoted ;4 the author, or
possibly Cilcl, the reedsman, indulges in a little facetious
comment, that compliance was not easy. I assume that
Oxa and Dun were natives, either of this country or
of some land inhabited by a kindred people. Any way,
we make out, undoubtedly, a bookish study of medicine ;
the Saxon writers, who directly from the Greek, or
through the medium of a Latin translation studied
Trallianus, Paulus of iEgina, and Philagrios, were men
of learning not contemptible, in letters, that is, not to
say in pathology. Some of the simpler treatment is
reasonable enough ; the cure of hair lip5 contains a true

1 Lb. p. 120.

2 Lb. p. 292.

3 Lb. p. 114.

4 Ibid.

5 Lb. I. xiii.

XXIV PREFACE.

element; the application of vinegar with prussic acid1 for
head ache is practical ; the great fondness for elecampane,
Inula helenium, is parallel to the frequent employment,
at the present day, of Arnica. But it would be vain to
defend the prescriptions, some are altogether blunders,
and the fashion of medical treatment changes so much
that the prescriptions of Meade and Radcliffe are now
condemned as absurd. It suffices that Saxon leeches
endeavoured by searching the medical records of foreign
languages to qualify themselves for their profession.

Age. The character of the writing fixes, as far as I venture

on an opinion, this copy of the work to the former half
of the tenth century ; some learned in MSS., who have
favoured me with an opinion, say the latter half, 960
to 980. My own judgment is chiefly based upon com-
parison with books we know to have been written about
900.

King Alfred. The inquisitiveness of men at that period about the
methods in medicine pursued in foreign countries is
illustrated by the very curious and interesting citation
from Helias, patriarch of Jerusalem.2 The account given
has strong marks of genuineness. We will assume that
King JElfred had sent to Jerusalem requesting from
the patriarch some good recipes ; for it would be not
in the manner of mens ordinary dealings for the head
of the church in the Holy Land to obtrude upon a
distant king any drugs or advice of the kind. He
returns then a recommendation of scamony, which is the
juice of a Syrian convolvulus, of gutta ammoniaca, a
sort of liquid volatile salts, of spices, of gum dragon,
of aloes, of galbanum, of balsam, of petroleum, of the
famous Greek compound preparation called Qypicixvj, and
of the magic virtues of alabaster.3 These drugs are good
in themselves, and such as a resident in Syria would
naturally recommend to others. The present author

1 Lb. Li. 10 and 12.

2 Lb. p. 290.

3 On the Phoenician origin of this
word, see SSpp. p. 285.

PREFACE.

XXV

drew his information, we may fairly suppose, from that
handbook which the king himself kept, in which were
entered " flowers, culled from what masters soever,' '
" without method/'1 "according as opportunity arose/'
and which at length grew to the size of a psalter; whence
also most likely came in due time the voyage of Oth-
here. It is very much the custom of the present swarm
of critics to drag up every old author to their modern
standard of truth, to peer into dates, to sift, and weigh,
and measure, and in short, to put an old tale teller into
the witness box of a modern court of justice, and there
teaze and browbeat him because they cannot half under-
stand his simple talk, nor apprehend how small mat-
ters, in a truthful story, the exact day of the week
and the twentieth part of a mile become. When one
writer of the Middle Ages copies another there com-
monly arises a want of clearness in marking the tran-
sitions from the text of the old author to the words
of him who cites him. But in this case all seems smooth ;
the man named was patriarch of Jerusalem ; he was
contemporaneous with King iElfred, and the drugs he
recommended were ' sold in the Syrian drug shops, or
apothekaa. I am, therefore, well pleased to claim for
this volume the publication in type of a new fact
about the inquiring watchfulness of that illustrious
ruler.

Thus, Oxa, Dun, perhaps some others of the same Many sources,
sort, and Helias, patriarch of Jerusalem, are sources
of some of the teaching in this book. To these we
may add a mixture of the Hibernian,2 and of the
Scandinavian.3 Some of the recipes occur again in the
Lacnunga and in Plinius Valerianus, who, from his
mention4 of the physician Constantinus, was later than

1 Flosculos undecimque collectos
a quibuslibet magitris, et in corpore
unius libelli, raixtim quamvis, sicnt
tunc suppetebatredigere.Asser.p. 57.

2 Lb. p. 10, 1, xlv. 5.

3 Lb. I. xlvi., I. lxx. lxxi., III.
lviii.

4Fol. 14 b. 15 a.

XXVI PREFACE.

this work. Large extracts and selections are made
from the Greek writers. It is not to be expected that
many will soon travel over the field of research which
the present edition required, and it will be but fair to
those who are examining the facts, to present them with
at least one passage as a specimen.

Hep) Xvyfxav. 'O XvyfAot; ylvercti tj dice TrXvjpoxrij/, vj dice Kevaaiv, vt
dpipeccv y(VfA,av dccKvovrav tov crro^ayjov. o)v ijAeOevTav naverai. noWo) de
Kcu to did tZv tpiuv iteitepeccv y.ovov Xcc^oureq, iccv evOeooq eitiiziaa-iv
olvov "kv^ovaiv. on de kcu dicupOeipovreq nve<; Tpocpyv Xvfyvcriv tSv
yivo)<TKO{A€vo)v io~ri. kcu piyuaccvTeq de ito'hhoi Xv^ovo-iv. e^erov y*\v ovv
€vprjo-o[J.€v aviapKiq 'iccjxct, iuv did irXydoi; 75 dvji;iv "kvXjivrm. Bep^acricxv
de tuv dice tpv^iv. orccv de viro n'hyjpdoo-ewi; vypuv ye^rai Xvy/x-o?,
(3icticc<; deTroci Kevuo-ecoi;. tovto de 6 nzTapfMn; epyd^eiai. tov<; de eitl
Kev&xrei Xvypovc qvk lasicu nTccp[AQ$. Aidovcti de ro7q "Kv^ovq-iv Tirjyavov
[act* oivov 7j v'npov ev [t.e\iKpdn\i 5j creo's.'ki vj dcxvKOv tj kv/aivov rt
fyyytfizp y Kctkcc^tvQriv 7} vdpdov KeXriKrjV. tccvtcx tSv ctt* diacpOopa
<rniuv 75 eiii xpvgeo-iv tj eit) nXypcoo-ei ^o^O^ccra. io7q de vno nXydovq
Kv^ovcriv e7T< ipuxpolc kcu y"kio-%poiq %v[jt.o7(; Kcvriopiov rpiufioKov didov
nlveiv S* ot-vKodrov, k.t.X. Paulus JEgin. lib. ii. cap. 56.

Translation.
Of hiccupings. Hiccup comes on either by reason of re-
pletion, or of emptiness, or of austere juices biting upon the
stomach, and when these are vomited forth it ceases. Many
also by only taking the medicine called " by the three
" peppers," if immediately on that they swallow wine, hiccup.
It is also a recognized fact, that some turning their food sour,
hiccup ; and many also hiccup after shivering. We shall find
then that a vomit is a sufficient cure for those who hiccup
from repletion or irritation ; and the application of warmth
for those that do so from chill. But when the hiccup comes
on by fulness of moistures, it needs a violent evacuation j
and this sneezing produces ; but sneezing does not cure the
hiccups which depend on emptiness. Give the sufferer from
hiccup rue with wine, or nitre in sweetened wine, or seseli, or
carrot, or cummin, or ginger, or calamintha, or Keltic valerian.
These are proper for the cases in which food turns sour on
the stomach, or for chill, or for emptiness. But for those that
suffer by repletion with cold and viscid humours, give cas-
toreum, three obols worth, and to drink some oxymel, etc.

PREFACE.

XXV11

This is to be compared with Lb. I. xviii. The cor-
respondence is so close as to leave no doubt but that
the work before us drew from Paulus, or from one
of the Greek authors, from whom he compiled his
work. The number of passages the Saxon thus draws
from the Greek is great ; they would make perhaps one
fourth of the first two books, and the question of course
occurs strongly to the mind whether they came direct
from the study of Greek manuscripts.

At first sight a passage 1 which says that the ficus Internal
in the eyes is called " on lseben " chymosis, may seem testimony-
to resolve the question as that this author copied Latin
works. So it may have been ; but the place is not
conclusive, those words may come from Oxa, Dun, or
other writers of the native school of medicine ; or lseben,
leben, may be used as it often is in a loose sense for
language,2 foreign language. It is not at this point,
that it will repay our trouble to stay for consideration :
we shall much more profitably form an opinion whether
the Saxon leeches in general had access to the sense
of the Greek authors, than whether in particular the
author of these books knew anything of them. If the
best men among our leeches of the tenth century could
avail themselves of what Paulus of ZEgina, Alexander
of Tralles, and Philagrios wrote, that will suffice to
raise our estimate of that day into approbation.

M. Brechillet Jourdain 3 has shewn that in those Greek
early days, before the invention of printing, the wise learnmS-
men of the middle ages possessed Latin translations of
Aristoteles. There was therefore no reason for their not
possessing other authors. Some among them were able
to translate, some to speak Greek. The Byzantine
authors in our own hands come down to a late date.

1 Lb. p. 38.

2 Ealle his rppecaft an lyben,
Genesis xi. 6.

3 Kecherches critiques sur l'age
et origine des traductions Latines.
d'Aristote. Paris. 1819.

XXV111

PREFACE.

Now if an Italian or a Frenchman could acquire Greek,
and translate into Latin, a Saxon might do the same.
Beda1 tells of Theodoras the archbishop, and abbot
Hadrianus, that they collected pupils, taught them ver-
sification, astronomy, and the ecclesiastical arithmetic
of the computus, and some remained while Beda wrote
who were acquainted with the Greek and Latin lan-
guages as well as with their own.2 Further on 3 Beda
gives an example of one of these disciples, Albinus,
who understood Latin not less than his own language,
English, with not a little Greek. Of Tobias, bishop of
Rochester, another of these pupils, he says 4 that he
knew the Greek and Latin languages as familiarly as
his own.

King iElfred and iElfric both lament the decay of
learning consequent upon the invasions of the Danes.
Of the works translated from the Latin, by order of
Alfred and by his confidential servants or by himself,
some are, in scattered passages, turned rather literally
than correctly ; some are executed with great spirit, and
even improved in the version. iElfric himself is a very
pleasing translator, he kept his own faculties alive in
the execution of his tasks; thus he translates dactyli,
dates, as finger apples, plainly shewing that Greek words
were known to him ; it is also striking to find him cor-
recting Bedas error, "lutrse,"5 otters, the quadrupeds
out of the sea, which came and warmed St. Cuftberhts
feet with their breath, into " seals." 6

I have shown, by the curious pieces published in the
preface to the first volume of the Leechdoms, that in

1 Beda, Hist. Eccl. IV. ii.

2 Latinam Grsecamque linguam
seque ut propriam in qua nati sunt
norunt. The Saxon interpreter
gives a full emphasis to seque ut ;
that will bear softening down in this
late Latin.

3 Beda, V. xx., p. 209, line 11.

4 Beda V. xxiii. Ita Grsecam
quoque cum Latina didicit linguam,
ut tam notas ac familiares sibi eas,
quam nativitatis sure loquelam
haberet.

5 Beda, p. 237.

6 Horn. I. 13S.

PREFACE. xxix

a fair practical sense, for the purpose they had in view,
pupils in old England received instruction in Greek,
and though learning decayed in times of distress, still
there existed some who wished to acquire this know-
ledge, and some who were willing to give it. Some day
the monstrous compounds, and the absurd spellings of
our scientific nomenclature, pretending to be Greek, and
a dozen other weak points of the day on this subject,
will be regarded as proofs of barbarism.

It appears, therefore, that the leeches of the Angles
and Saxons had the means, by personal industry or by
the aid of others, of arriving at a competent knowledge
of the contents of the works of the Greek medical
writers. Here, in this volume, the results are visible.
They keep, for the most part, to the diagnosis and
the theory ; they go back in the prescriptions to the
easier remedies ; for whether in Galenos or others
three was a chapter on the evTrogio-Tct, the "parabilia,"
the resources of country practitioners, and of course,
even now, expensive medicines are not prescribed for
poor patients.

On the margin of the pages are some private marks, Private marks,
such as may be observed on the facsimile page. The
purport of these marks is evident at fol. 56 a., chap.
lxxv., which has something near a H with " totum " ;
again, at Ixxvi. with " totum/' at fol. 56b., chap. Ixxx.,
the figure in the middle of the facsimile margin with
" totum," fol. 57 a., top line of lxxxiii. an I. nearly,
with " totum/' These were plainly memoranda secretly
indicating the author from whom the passages so
marked were taken, and " totum " means that the whole
article was taken from that source. The token nearly
an I. occurs at fol. 9 b., at the beginning of ii. ; again
at fol. 31 a., at the end of the folio ; again at I. lxxxiii.
with " totum " and the Roman numeral xviii. twice ;
again at fol. 94 b., line 8, ejpfc to milte feocum men ;
again at fol. 126 b., to chapter Ixvii. These references
vol. it. c

XXX PREFACE.

contain a problem, which, in our imperfect knowledge
of the works of the physicians of the lower empire, is,
it seems, beyond solution. If the prescription of celan-
dine for the eyes, Lb. I. ii. be supposed to have been
derived from Marcellus 272 g., then the other passages
cannot, as far as, after repeated examination I see, be
discovered in that author. A mark which comes near
to F. is set, in the MS., over against the words pr3
eagna mifre, fol. 10 b., line 3, and it does not occur
again ; compare Marcellus 272 b. It adds to the diffi-
culty of the investigation, that recipes became a tradi-
tion passing from one author to another. A cypher
rather differing from EL, which I will call h., occurs at
fol. 10 b. at the words Gp: piS 'Son llcan celef>onian :
nearly the same on the same folio, towards the end, at
Gjzt pnoler. That this prescription is found in Plinius
Valerianus does not help us. Another like a plummet
line, sometimes as in the facsimile, and at fol. 30 b.
for angnail, with a ring at top, sometimes with a cross
line, as at fol. 30 b., line 4. jip naejl fie, is so much
like that called I., that it may be meant for the same
name. There is another like F. reversed, occurring at
ol. 11 a. Gjzt nyj-lar, also at fol. 32 a., towards the
end of the leaf, J?onne Jm pyn, at fol. 55 b. as in the
facsimile, twice with a slight difference, at fol 56 b. top
line, with another small variation, at fol. 57 b. at last
line but one ; at fol. 94 a., ept jenim lpier leap ; at fol.
125 b., by the third line of chapter lxiiii., with these
words, " quia omni potu et omni medicina? maleflcia-
" torum et demoniacorum a[d]miscenda est aqua bene-
" dicta, et psalmis et orationibus vacandum est, sicut
u in hoc capitulo plene docetur." At fol 31 b. by the
word eallunja is a mark with a blot, meant probably
for I. At fol. 55 b. pp ]?u pille, at 55 b., as in fac-
simile, at 56 a., chapter lxxv. lxxvi, is a sign like H.,
with legs of varied length, thus running into re-
versed F. At folio 56 b., chapter lxxxii., is an orna-

PREFACE. XXXI

mented cross ; this occurs but once. At fol. 94 a., chapter
xli., the mark I. is three times repeated III. The
marginal bimifcfce, fol. 108 b., means that the scribe was
<retting his task done : he was not aware of the ad-
ditional book III. If these signs refer to native treatises,
unknown to us, and now irrecoverable, they go to illus-
trate the existence of an English school of teaching
medicines ; as do the expressions " as leeches ken," not
of rare occurrence.

Besides these marks and signs as given above, we More cypher,
find at fol. 30 b. by the end of the sentence, bo plyfcan
Co, etc., in chapter xxxiv., some writing in cypher,
thus : —

and again at fol. 89 b., chapter xxxiv., thus : —

The key to writing of this sort has never been pub-
lished, and now for those who are skilled in such
matters an account of it shall be given,

The letters were divided into groups, and these, of The law of this

cypher.

course, were at the discretion of every man severally,
as regarded their number and how many letters they
might contain. The groups, first, second, third, and so
on were commonly denoted by dots ; the upstrokes
shewed by their number what place in the group each
letter held. Thus, to spell Oxa, if the first group
began at A, and contained six letters, then the second
would begin at H, and if it contained eight letters,
omitting J as not ancient, then the third group would
begin at Q, and might go on, combining U and V, to
the end ; so that Oxa would be thus spelt : —

xxxn PBEFACE.

and Dun would be thus : —

•//////////://////

Some of the first letters in the specimens before us
have no dot, and may perhaps be reckoned from the
beginning, A.

Another method employed a line of dots instead of
upstrokes, so that Oxa appeared, if the groups of
letters remained the same, thus : —

and Dun thus

In his Thesaurus, Hickes and his associate Wanley give
other methods employed by the Saxons, of which a
common one was to employ the next following letter
to that meant, so that Oxa would be Pyb, and Dun,
Ewo. These devices, which have in them something
of the quality of riddles and conundrums, were as
amusing to the idle mind in old times as they are
now. When among the varied accomplishments with
which men are gifted, we read in the Codex Exoniensis,

rum bi]? life henbij to apjntanne pojib gejipno,
One is cunning handy to awrite word mysteries,

we have an allusion to this art of secret writing, or
to its kindred riddle puzzles.

There is but little encouragement to unravel these
marginal marks of the Leechbook, since the two speci-
mens afford us but a very scant basis for inductive
reasoning. But, doubtless, when laid before the inqui-
sitive eyes of restless men, they may naturally give
rise to some unhappy conjectures.

Norse element. Perhaps in dissecting the curious mosaic work of
this Leechbook, we may be as much struck by the
Old Dansk, or as people now say, Norse element in
the words Torbegete, Rudniolin, Ons worm, and the

PREFACE. XXX l!l

herb Fornets palm, as by its Irish admixture, or its
Greek and Latin basis, or its fragments from King
Alfreds handbook.

The third book of the volume is a separate produc- Third book,
tion from the two former. This is evident by the
colophon at the end of the second, declaring who owned,
and who wrote the book, and by the word " dimitte " in
the margin of the last section, indicating the approach
of a close. This other book, then, is generally of the
same tone as the preceding ; a marginal mark, as men-
tioned above, is the same as stands by the side of some
recipes given earlier, and the monkish habit of saying
some good words over the sick is as ready to show
itself. We may therefore conclude it to be, at least, of
the same age ; possibly by the same hand as the other
two.

On the whole, this work brings into a clear strong light,
the plentiful supply of good English food for the brave
appetites of the AngulSeaxe, the large importation of
foreign wine and ale and plenteous brew of potent home
beer and ale and mead, the mulled and honeyed drinks
for weaker palates; the colleges of leechcraft, the Greek
and Latin medical studies of the most eminent teachers,
the wide and far back traceable herboristic traditions,
the far and wide inquiries of King iElfred and men
of his time like him, and it will prove every way a
most valuable work to the student of English an-
tiquity.

In the preface to Vol. I. a few pages were devoted
to an examination of some points of grammar; these
were, of course, to some extent a precaution against
idle cavils and ignorant criticism of the translation.
The same considerations make it desirable to set forth
a few more simple observations and to support them
by examples.

It seems clear enough that the modern system of Long vowels,
marking long vowels by an accent is not in harmony

XXXIV

PKEFACK

with ancient authorities ; a long syllable often gets the
accent, but a short vowel also is frequently found to
take one.1 The manuscripts have a method unexcep-
tionable, and discriminative, of showing that a vowel
is long by writing that vowel twice, and in some words
that mode of spelling prevails now. They give us, oc-
casionally, 500b, good, boom, doom, " aam, cautere,"2
(whence we may conclude that the cognate Oman, will
have 0 long,3) aac, oak, pus, wise,4' and so forth. The
information contained in this device of our forefathers
has not yet attracted a due share of notice ; for example,
the word SiS, a path, deriving itself probably from the
same source as Semita, becomes in the Mcesogothic
Sin]?-, and has been supposed to exhibit a vowel
necessarily, as before two consonants, short by nature ;
thus producing a short I in the old English. But Sr3
we know to have a long vowel by the spelling SirS.5
It is not true that a Teutonic or Old English vowel
before two consonants is necessarily short. Some glos-
saries throw the alphabet into confusion for the sake
of giving short A first, then long A. Mislead by
accentual marks, the compilers presume that the prefix
A must be long, whereas the tradition of our language,
as in Afraid, Abroad, Abased, and the short vowel of
the particles which it generally represents, prove that
in those instances it is short. Where A represents An,
one, as in AnaBO for Anjueb, constant, the case may be
different. In the parallel case of Un- the prefix, the
Greek Av-, the Latin In-, the vowel is undoubtedly
short, but in pronunciation it has an accent, as in
Unknown, and it is frequently found accented in the
MSS. Nothing but a notion that the language of

1 Vol. I. pp. xciv., xcv.

2 Gl. C.

:i See also the Glossary.

* Beda, 547. 16.

5 Beda, 571. 34. See Lay am on,

25836, 25837. In Bir. Moritz,
Heyne has marked the vowel long,
rightly. We have also Gesnft, but
GesiSSas.

PREFACE. XXXV

iElfric and Alfred is dead could encourage a foreigner
to such experiments.

It is said by those who had opportunities of know- Accents,
ing, that the painful accentual system devised by the
late J. M. Kemble was abandoned by him before his
death. It was, indeed, opposed to the elementary laws
of vocalization ; for it is known to all, who have gone
fully into the subject, that a prefix, if accented itself,
affects the accentuation and the vocalization of any
word with which it is compounded. The subject might
be largely illustrated and its essential laws developed
from the Oriental languages ; but I will confine my-
self to that which is now before us. There can be no
reasonable doubt but that pilbe, wild, and Deon, deer,
were pronounced with the vowels long, and the ridiculous
theory that a vowel before two consonants is short
by nature, can mislead but few ; it amounts to this,
that we never could say Beast, Least, but must pro-
nounce those words, Best, Lest. These two words pilbe,
Deop, being compounded and formed into one, retained
the accent and full sound on the syllable most impor-
tant to the sense, and may be found in the genitive
singular under the form pilbper.1 Thus the affix Deoji
lost its proper accent because a more powerful claim-
ant had become it close neighbour. Another example
is found in pitan, to reproach, which, as appears from
Layamon,2 had its vowel by nature long. This word
is often compounded with the preposition Mv, which
by defect of grammatical knowledge among the old
penmen commonly appears as eb- ; Layamon 8 exhibits
the compound still retaining the long vowel; but the
Paris Psalter4 spells ebpitt, where, according to the

1 CE, 258, line 10.
- Layamon, 21311.

a Ofte heo heom on smiten,
Ofte heo heom atwiten.

Layamon, 2G584.
1 Psalm cxviii. 39.

XXXVI PREFACE.

German way of talking, the second t is " inorganic/'
and serves only to mark the shortness of the vowel.
Under this form the word is our Twit.

Enough has been said to show that the length of
the vowels in Saxon English is a very wide subject,
and to justify the postponement of any decisions in
the Glossary.

Letters. In our oldest manuscripts J?ojm often occurs where

it is the custom to print T. Rer$, bed, rest, Luj^,
'pleasure, lust, and a hundred others are examples :
the superlatives end in J?orn, as f seftelerbe mseben,
the very noble maiden, the participles also. In the
Codex Exoniensis the editor removed these features
of antiquity ; they offended him ; and were not ac-
cording to Rask.1 If any such occur in the present
volume they are preserved ; they are not dialectic,
but archaic.

Genders. jn genders the glossaries are untrustworthy ; thus,

the most recent is found, as regards the few words
common to both, much wrong, when compared with
the citations in that at the end of this volume. It
is unsafe to trust compounds with ge-, for the gen-
ders of the simples, for Ge- being a form of Con- and
collective, its compounds are found to have a tendency
to run into the neuter.2 Simples cannot always be relied
on for the gender of the compound ; all moderns take
pnpyjib for a feminine, after pynb, but in a wide scope
of unpublished materials I have always found it neuter.3
Occasionally a new principle comes in, and by attrac-
tion the article agrees with the former element in the
compound, instead of the latter ; hence pasreppebne

1 For example, Gebier^aS, Gepel- J :J Tpa cneopholen, Lb. I. xlvii. 3,
5a$, p. 358; beo<5, p. 357. Abpe- j perhaps makes kneeholly neuter;
o^e'S, p. 337 ; Blseft, p. 310. I or else Tpa, is two parts. This

2 Thus Spprec is feminine, Ge- remark should have appeared in the
rppree, neuter. ! Glossary.

PREFACE. xxxvn

appears as neuter ; Sibpsepc,3 feminine. Hence the
Codex Exoniensis prefers to write •}> plaerchojib.2

Numerals admit of a substantive in the singular, so Numerals with
that our traditional expressions, Twelvemonth, a SixasiDguar'
foot rule, he weighs Twelve stone, are correct accord-
ing to ancient usage.3 Distinction must be drawn be-
tween masculines, which had a plural in s, and
feminines, as Night in Fortnight, or neuters, as in
Five pound note, Twelve horse power, for these had in
ancient time no s in the plural. Thus xii. mona];,4
Jjjue cuclep/"' did not require remark : similarly trpejen
psetelp pull ealao/'" mjantyne pmrep <j tye^en mona]v
iv. niona]?,8 and the MS. reading in Beowulf, 4342,°
may stand.

Examples are not very rare in other works beside idiomatic
this Leechbook, when of a set of words under one aPPosltlon-
regimen, those that come last in order appear in the
nominative, that is, in no regimen at all. Thus
popopepbum Deupbebit pe Apcebipceop, defuncto Deus-
dedit arckiepiscopo.10 Fejibe ]?a prcSSan • *j jeperce
senne mserreppeort policappuy jehaten • halig pep «j
pnotop,11 which would be literally, Deinde profectus
attulit pvesbyterum, policarpus appellcdus, vir sanctus
atque prudens. ba seteopbe rebartianur on ppaepne
anjie pubepan • lucma gecigeb pprSe seppaept man,12 which
would be equivalent to, Tunc apparuit Sebastianus
in somnio viducv cuidam, Lucina nominaia, homo
valde religiosa. This, when it comes to be acknow-
ledged generally, may be called Idiomatic apposition.

Harsh transitions in pronouns from plurals to sin-
gulars, and back again, are not peculiar to this work ;

1 Lb. p. 260, line 1. ,; OT, 256. 5.

2 CE, 373, line 3.
:} So in German.
1 Lib. III. xviii.

• Lb. I. xvi. 2. Tpybael, Lb. I.
vi. 3, viii. 2, is a compound,

VOL. TT. (I

7 Beda, 539. 23.
s Beda, 564. 13.

9 Thorpe, 4355.

10 Beda, p. 563, line 6".

11 MFL 32 a.

XXXV111

PREFACE.

they are found in others of an earlier date, bearing-
episcopal names for their authors.

I desire again to acknowledge many courtesies and
kindnesses at Cambridge, Oxford, the Corpus Library,
and that of the British Museum.

O. C.

December, 1864.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

Page 60, sect, xviii., line 2. for cican read cilian.
Page 130, sect, lx., line I. for yealj-e read realpe.
Page 174, line 24. for inonige read mom^e.
Page 194, line II. for Taen read Tacn.
Page 210, line 18. for blobejy read blober.
Page 224, sect, xxviii., line I. for usepjie read uyejipe.
Page 292, note 2. add " they are possibly a corrupt representation of
" i'epa fSoTav-i)."

Page 324, sect, xxx., line 4. pubupeaxan is one word.

Page 349, line 29. ayios.

Page 391, glossary, v. J)eaji. Cf. J7elanb sepopc ne Se0,ice^ nionna
aenigum <Sapa 5e mimming can heajme gehealban. (Fragments printed
by Prof. Stephens.) The Wieland work -will fail no man, who kenneth
to wield biting Mimming, where the editor reads heapne as hoar.

LEECH BOOK.

VOL. II.

[L.ECE BOC]

folia. .1. LMLE DOMAS2 J7IB eallum untpiymneppum

heapbef *j hpanan eallep ge healpep heapbef ece cume •
*j clsepnun^a *j fpilmg pr3 hpum -j gilliftnum to heajzbef
hselo • *j liu mon pcyle jebpocenep heapbep tiligean <j
jip J?set bjisejen nt fie. :•

.II. Lsecebomap piS eallum tiebenneppum eagena • piS
eagna mifce ge ealbep je geongep mannep *j hpanan f
cume *j pi]? plie <j piS eagna teajium *j piS pemme on
eagum • pi$ sepmselum • *j gip mon fupege pie • pi^S
poccef on eagum <j piS gepigom *j pij> pyjimum on
eagum *j eagpealpa selcef cynnep.

. in. Lsecebomaf piS eallum eapena ece <j fane • pij?
eapena beape • *j pi$ ypelpe3 hlyfce • <j gip pypmap on
eapian pyn y pi]? eapplcgan4 <j gip eapan bynien <j ean
pealpe selcep cynnep.
foi. i b. .nil. Leececpseptap pij> healpgunbe <j hu J?u meant

gecunman bpgebep hit healpgunb fie *j f no abl lp
tpegea cynna o]?ep on J?am geagle oJ>ep on J?8epe Spotan
pyptbpenc *j pealp pij? J?on • *j pij> ceacena fpyle *j prS
fpeojico]?e *j geaglep fpyle.

1 See II. xlii. contents.

2 This first page of the MS. has
suffered somewhat from time and use.

3 This reading makes hlyrfc femi-
nine. See the text.

* Wanley reads eappicgar. The
text seems to my eyes to be as I
have given it; picggan occurs I.
lxi. 2.

MS. Beg. 12. D. xvii.

LEECH BOOK.1

i. Leechdoms against all infirmities of the head, and Contents.
whence comes ache of all or of the half2 head,3 and
cleansings and swilling against filth and ratten to the
health of the head ; and how one must tend a broken
head, and how if the brain be out.

ii. Leechdoms against all tendernesses of the eyes,
against mist of the eyes, either of an old or of a young
man, and whence that comes, and against white spot
and against tears of eyes, and against speck on
eyes, against imminutions, and if a man be blear-
eyed, against pocks on eyes, and against "figs,"4 and
against worms, or insects; and eye salves of every kind.

iii. Leechdoms against all ache and sore of ears,
against deafness of ears, and against ill hearing, and if
worms be in the ears, and against earwigs, and if the
ears din, and ear salves of every kind.

iv. Leechcrafts against neck ratten,5 and how thou
mayest ascertain whether it be neck ratten, and that
the disease is of two sorts, either in the jowl or in the
throat, and a wort drink and a salve for that, and for
swellings of the jaws and for quinsy, and for swelling
of the jowl.

1 See II. xlii. contents. * A disease so called, sties, wisps.

- Or megrim (jintKpavia). s Probably from scrofula.

1 TJfXIKpdviOV.

A 2

4 L.ECE BOC.

.V. Lsecebomap jlp mannep mub* pap pie je tybpeb
*j P1!7 ^eblegnabpe tungan muj? fealp pi]? J?on llcan.
PiS pulum opoSe • III. lsecebomap.

.VI. Lsecebomaf pio" to]?psepce • «j £ip pypm to]? ete
*j toJ?pealpa • ept pi$ Jam upepan to)? ece <j piS ]?am
nij?eppan. :•

.vii. Lsecebom gip mon blob hpsece. :•

.viii. Lsecebomap piS blsece on <jplitan <j bpip pi]?
]?on llcan. <j pealp ealpa peopep. :•

.Vim. Lsecebomap pp men ypne blob op nebbe eft
blobpetena je on to bmbanne je on eape to bonne je
hopfe je men ealpa* X. :•

.x. Lsecebom pi]? jefnote • *j pi]? gepofum. :•

.XI. Lsecebomap pi]? papum peoloptim. :•

.xii. Lsecebom piS peam1 mu]?e *j piS ceolan fpyle*
fol. 2 a. ]?py lsecebomap. :•

.xiii. Lsecebom pi]? hseppceapbe. :•

[XIV.] Lsecebom pij? peaban.2

[xv.] Lsecebomap piS hpoftan hu he mippenlice on
man becymS *j hu hip man tilian fcyle *j pyptbpencaf
pi]? hpoftan <j pi]? angbpeofce *j bpygum hpoftan enb-
lepan cpseptap. :•

[xvi.] .xiiii. Lsecebomaf piS bpeofb psepce • mi.
cpseptaf.

[xvn.] . xv. Lsecebomap pi)? heoptpsepce • v. cpsej:-
taf. :•

[xviii.] .XVI. Lsecebomap pi)? ]?am miclan gic]?an «j hu
he cymS op acolobum magan o]?)?e to fpifte hatum o$8e
op to micelpe pylle o]?]?e lsepneppe o]?J?e op ypelpe
psetan phtenbpe *j hu hif mon tilian pcyle pi$ selc
]?apa. :•

1 In text jiouuni, for pohum. | - reaftan ; text.

LEECH BOOK. T.

v. Leechdoms if a mans mouth be sore or made
tender, and for a blained tongue, a mouth salve for
the same. For foul breath ; three leechdoms.

vi. Leechdoms for tooth ache, and if a worm eat the
tooth, and tooth salves. Again for the upper tooth
ache and for the nether.

vii. Leechdom if a man hreak up blood.

viii. Leechdoms for a blotch on the face, and brewit l
for the same, and a salve. Four in all.

ix. Leechdoms if blood run from a mans nose. Again
blood stoppings, either to bind on or to put on the
ear ; either for horse or man. Ten in all.

x. Leechdom for snot and for poses.2

xi. Leechdoms for sore lips.

xii. Leechdom for wry mouth and for swelling of
the gullet. Three leechdoms.

xiii. A leechdom for hair lip.

[xiv.] A leechdom for xXudoovsg, watery fluctuations.3

[xv.] Leechdoms against host ; 4 how it variously
comes on man, and how a man shall treat it ; and
wort drinks for host and for oppression on the chest
and dry cough. Eleven receipts.

[xvi.] xiv. Leechdoms for breast wark.5 Four re-
ceipts.

[xvii.] xv. Leechdoms for heart wark. Five re-
ceipts.

[xviii.] xvi. Leechdoms for the great hicket, and how
it arises from a chilled stomach, or a much too hot
one, or of too much fullness, or of leerness,6 or of evil
wet 7 wounding, and how a man shall treat it ; against
each of them.

Contents.

1 The lomentum of the Roman
women, a paste of pulse, generally
of lentils ; women used it to im-
prove their complexions, and it was
eatable though unsavoury.

2 Colds in the head.

3 See II. xxxix.

4 Host, cough, pronounced with o

short.

5 Wark is pain.

6 Emptiness.

7 Humour.

6 L^lCE BOO.

[xix.] .xvii. Lsecebomap pi J; plsetan tpe^en fe]>ele. :■
.xx. Lsecebomap pi]? pculbop psepce • in. cpseptaf.

.xxi. Lsecebomap pr3 J?sej\e fpiopan piban fape «j j?a3pe
pmeftpan pyx cpseptap. :•

.xxii. Lsecebomap pi6 lenbenece peopep. :•

.XXIII. Laecebomaf pij> j?eohece tpegen ^ an pij) J?on
pp )?eoh plapan.
fol- 2 b- . xxiiii. Laecebomap pi J? cneop psepce *j pp cneop faji

fie. r.

.xxv. Laecebomap pij> fcancena pane *j pp fcancan
pojiabe fynb oJ>J?e oJ?ep ltm peopen cpaaptaf *j hu mon
fpelcean pcyle. :•

aReadfino. .xxvi. Laacebomaf pp fma pcpmce *j septep J?am fie

pap o$8e fpelle oooe pp monnep pot to hommum
fcjnmme *j fcpmce «j pp fmo clseppette *j cpacije eallep
peopen cpgeptaf. :•

.xxvu. Lseceboniaf pi J? potece oJ?j?e o)?pep limep o]?]?e
pota jefpelle pop miclan janje • vi. cpsep[tap], :•

.xxviii. Lacaebomap pi J? ban ece *j pealp *j bpenc )>py
cpseptap J?8ep pynb.

.xxviiii. Lsecebomaf pp mannej* jetapa beoJ> fape
oJ?J?e a)mnbene ]?py cpseptap. :•

.xxx. Laecebomaf pi J? secelman «j pi J? Son oe men
acale ]?set pel op J?am pottim. :•

.xxxi. Lsecebomap pij? aslcuin heajibum Jnnje o])J?e
fpyle o)?]?e gefpelle *j pij? selcpe ypelpe fpellenbpe pa?tan
*j pijunnan jepypfmebum jefpelle J?am J?e pypft op pylle
oftoe op pleje o]?j?e op hpypca1 hpilcum <j pi J? fpiSe
fol. 3 a. pseplicum fpylum *j pij? beabum fpylum *j pealpse -j

bpencaf *j fpejnn^e *j bsej? pi)? eallum hchoman fpylum
ealpa lseceboma tpam lsep J?pitnp :•

Text hpicrca : read hpicra ?

LEECH ROOK. I. 7

[xix.] xvii. Leechdoms against nausea. Two noble Contents.
ones.

xx. Leechdoms against shoulder wark. Three re-
ceipts.

xxi. Leechdoms for sore of the right side and of the
left. Six receipts.

xxii. Leechdoms for loin ache. Four.

xxiii. Leechdoms for thigh ache, two ; and one in
case the thighs be benumbed.1

xxiv. Leechdoms for knee wark, and if the knee be
sore.

xxv. Leechdoms for sore of shanks, and if shanks be
broken, or another limb. Four receipts, and how a man
shall apply splints to it.

xxvi. Leechdoms if a sinew shrink, and after that be
sore or swell, or if a mans foot shram2 to the hams
and shrink, and if a sinew have pulsation and quake.
In all four receipts.

xxvii. Leechdoms for foot ache or swelling of another
limb or of the feet, by reason of much travel. Six
receipts.

xxviii. Leechdoms for leg ache, and a salve, and a
drink. There are three receipts for it.

xxix. Leechdoms if a mans tools be sore or swollen.
Three receipts.

xxx. Leechdoms against chillblain, and in case that
for a man the skin of the feet be chilly.

xxxi. Leechdoms for every hard thing or swelling
or tumour, and for every evil swelling humour and
tumour purulent within, such as groweth of a fall or
of a blow or of any crick, and for very sudden swellings
and for dead swellings without sensation, and salves
and drinks and swathings and baths for all swellings
of the body. Of all these leechdoms thirty less by two
(tiventy-eight).

1 Exactly, incapable of muscular j - Be drawn up.
action.

8 L^ffiCE BOO.

.xxxii. Lsecebomaf pr$ ]>am yplan blsece hu man ]?a
fealpa *j bajm *j bpencap pij? Son pypcean pcyle *j pi];
hpeopum lice *j piS abeabebum lice baa)? «j fealpa pi]?
];on • hiB]> *j pealpa *j bnencaf pi]? ];am miclan lice *j
fpile eallep piptyne lsecebomaf. :•

.xxxiii. Lascebomap *j bpencaf -j pealpa *j [on]legna
pi]? fppmje ge abeabebnm ge unbeabebum • viit. cpsep-
taf.

.xxxiv. Lascebom pp nsejl fy op hanba *j pij? anj-
nse^le «j pi J? peajijbpseban. :•

.xxxv. Lsecebomap micle -j se^ele be afpeapitebum *j
abeabebum lice <j hpanan fio abl cume *j hu hip1 mon
tihan pcyle jip f he to ]?on fpij?e abeabige f ]?a3]i
gepelnep on ne fy • *j hu mon f beabe blob apeg
penian pcyle • «j jip htm mon 11m opceoppan fcyle o$Se
pyn onpettan hu f mon bon scyle • bpnpap *j bnenceap
■j pealpa pi]? J?gene able. :•

.xxxvi. Lascebomap pi$ J?aene able J?e mon hast cincul

fol. 3 b. abl bnip *j bnencaf *j pealpa J?aet ip fpi]?e pneonu2 abl *j

hep peg]? hpilcne mete o)/|?e bjnncan mon fcyle on

J?aane able ponjan. :•

.xxxvu. Lseceboinap pi J? Son glp mon ne maeje hip
micjean gehealban -j J?sepe jepealb naje *j jip he je-
mijan ne maeje «j jip he blobe mije • -j gip pip on J?on
tebjie fie • xini. lsecebomaf. :•

.xxxvin. Laececpasptap *j bolgpealpa <j bnencaf pi]?
eallum punbum *j clsenfungum on aelce pipan je pi$
ealbjie punbe tobjiocenpe *j pp ban bnyce on heapobe
fie • -j piS hunbep plite • *j bolgfealp pr3 lunjen able «j
pij> mnan punbe pealp • *j pealp jip J?u paSe pille lytle
punbe lacnian *j jtp mon mib ipene jepunbob fie • oJ?J?e
mib tpeope geplegen • o]?]?e mib fcane *j ept fealpa pp

1 bir refers to he. | 2 TCead ypecnu.

LEECH BOOK. T. 0

xxxii. Leeehdoms against the evil blotch, how a man Contents.
shall work salves and baths and drinks against it, and
for a leprous body and for a deadened body, a bath
and salves for them. Baths and salves and drinks for
the mickle body, elephantiasis, and swelling. In all
fifteen leeehdoms.

xxxiii. Leeehdoms and drinks and salves and ap-
plications for pustules, either deadened or undeadened.
Eight receipts.

xxxiv. A leechdom if a nail be off a hand, and against
angnails, and against warty eruptions.

xxxv. Leeehdoms mickle and excellent for a swarth-
ened and a deadened body, and whence the disease
cometh, and how a man shall treat it, if the body be
deadened to that degree that there be not feeling in
it ; and how a man shall wean the dead blood away,
and if it be desired to cut off a limb from the sick
man or apply fire,1 how it shall be performed. Brewits2
and drinks and salves for the disease.

xxxvi. Leeehdoms for the disease which is called
circle addle or shingles ; brewit and drinks and salves.
This is a very troublesome disease, and here saith
(our book) what meat or drink a man shall in this
disease forego.

xxxvii. Leeehdoms in case a man may not retain his
mie,a and have not command of it, and if he may not a Urine,
mie, and if he mie blood ; and if a wife (woman) be
tender in that respect. Fourteen leeehdoms.

xxxviii. Leechcrafts and wound salves and drinks
for all wounds and all cleansings (discharges) in every
wise, and for an old broken wound, and if there be
bone breach on the head, and for a tear by a dog ;
and a wound salve for disease of the lun^s, and
a salve for an inward wound ; and a salve if thou
wilt cure a little wound quickly, and if a man be
wounded with iron, or struck with wood, or with

1 The canter?/. | 2 See viii.

10 LiECE BOC.

men pie lim op lime opaplegen pnjep o]?]?e pot o]?]?e
hanb . o$Se jlp meaph1 uue fie <j jip bolh pulige ealpa
ppam ppuman peopep *j J^pitij laaceboma. :•

.xxxviiii. Lsecebomaf pi8 gelcep cynnep omum *j

fol. 4 a. onpeallum *j banco]?um • pi]? ut ablegnebum omum *j

pij? omena gebepfte • «j piS omum opep liattim *j piB

peonbum omum J? lp pic • bpencaf *j pealpa pi]? eallum

omum ealpa tpam la?p J?piti£. :•

.XL. Lsecebomaf *j bpencaf *j pealpa pi]? poc able ealpa
pyxe. :•

.XLI. Laecebomap }>py 8e]?ele pij? innan onpealle *j
omum. :•

.xlii. Lsecebomaf pi]? fepe jeolpan able *j ftanbsej?
«j pi J? geal able fio cymS op J?a3pe jeolpan able • fio bij?
abla picufc abitepaS pe lichoma eall «j ajeolpa]? fpa
^ob jeolo feoluc. :•

.xliii. Lsecebomaf pi]? paatep bollan. :•

.xliiii. La3cebomaf yrS cancep able )?a3t lp bice <j

fmepeneppa <j pealp peopep cpseptap. :•

.XLV. Lsecebomaf *j bpencaf pi]? selcum attpe pi$

nsebpan ple^e «j bite *j plite • <j pi J? J?on gij: mon attep

jefricje • *j j?sep haljan cpifcep ]?egnep Iohannep gebeb

*j jealbop «j eac o]?ep fcyttifc jecofu jealbo^ gehpsepep

pi)? selcum attpe • pij? pleojenbum autpe *j fpyle «j

beopum bolgum • gip hpa jebpmce pypm on psetepe

fol. 4 b„ P1)? J>on lsecebomaf • <j ^ip mon po^bopen fie callep •

xx. cpsepta piS attpe.

.xlvi. Lascebomaf gip ana pypm on men peaxe fealp
bpenc *j clam pi]? ]?on • V. lsecebomaf J?sep fmt. :•

• meah, MS.

LEECH BOOK. T. 1 1

stone ; and further salves if for a man a limb be Contents.
struck off from a limb, finger or foot or hand, or if
the marrow be out, and if a wound get foul. Of all
from the beginning four and thirty leechdoms.

xxxix. Leechdoms against erysipelas of every kind
and fellons, and bone diseases, for erysipelatous affec-
tions accompanied by external blains, and for the
bursting of erysipelatous cysts, and for excessively hot
erysipelatous attacks, and for running erysipelas, that
is the disease called "fig." Drinks and salves for all
sorts of erysipelatous affections. Thirty less by two.

xl. Leechdoms and drinks and salves for pock disease.
In all six.

xli. Three excellent leechdoms for inward tubercles
and erysipelas.

xlii. Leechdoms for the yellow disease,a and a stone a Jaundice.
bath,1 and for the gall disease which cometh of the
yellow disease. This is of diseases the most powerful,
the body becometh quite bitter and turneth yellow, as
good yellow silk.

xliii. Leechdoms for dropsy.

xliv. Leechdoms for the disease cancer, that is, " bite/'
and smearings and a salve. Four receipts.

xlv. Leechdoms and drinks against every poison,
against stroke and bite and rend of snake ; and in
case a man swallow poison, and a prayer of the holy
thane of Christ, Iohannes, and an incantation and
also another Scottish approved incantation, in Gaelic
or Erse, either of them against every poison, against
flying poison and swelling and deep gashes. If any
one drink a worm2 in water, leechdoms against that ;
and if a man be tied with a magic knot. In all
twenty receipts against poison.

xlvi. Leechdoms if King Ons worm wax on a man,
a salve, a drink, and a plaster for that. There are five
leechdoms of it.

1 A stone bath was a vapour bath, water being thrown on heated stones.

2 Reptile.

12 LiECE BOC.

.xlvii. Lsecebomaf «j bpencaf *j pealpa pij? J?eopablum
monigep cynnep J)a betfuan pi]? ]?eoppypme on pet •
xii. ealpa pij? peop ablum. :•

.XLVIII. Lsecebomaf pij? ]?am pyjimum J?e innan ejlaS
monnum • *j pi]? pypmum ]?e on cilba mnoJ?e beoj? *j
prS cilba mno6 pape ealna cpsepta • XII. pi]? )?am. :•

.XLVIIII. Lsecebom on funbpon anhpij pi J? ]?am fmalan
pypme. :•

.L. Lsecebomaf pip hanb pynmum *j beap pyjimum *j
£ip pypm hanb ete • peaxpealp pip hanb pyjime fyx
cpseptap ealjia • IIII. pifan.

.LI. Lsecebomaf pi]? pyjimum ]?e monnep plsepc eta]?.

.LII. Lsecebomap tpegen pi]? lufum.

.LIU. Lsecebomap tpeten pi J? fmoeja pypmum.

.LIIII. Lsecebomap pr<5 pypmsetum lice *j cpelbehtum.

.LV. Lsecebom pi]? aplegentim lice. :•

.LVI. Laecebomaf pi]) aplapenum1 lice *j bse]? fealp. :•

.LVII. Lsecebomaf *j bpencaf *j pealpa pi]? pice. :•

.lviil Lsecebomap to pen pealpe • *j to pen byltim. :•

fol. 5 a. .LVIIII. Lsecebomap prS papalifm f lp on enjlipc

lypt abl *j pi]? neujupne J?ny. :

.lx. Lsecebomap pr3 bnyne <j fealpa • vni. ealpa. :•

.lxi. Lsecebomap pi]? Ir3 psence *j pi$ li]?peape «j jip

h)?feap fio2 -j liopole titpypne ealna cpsepta peopep-

tyne. :•

.lxii. Lsecebomaf pij? pepepable to hselanne bpencap
pi-S pan • pi]? ]?pibban bsejef psepe *j peop]?an bsejef psepe
*j prS selcep bsejef pepe *j pi}? lencten able f lp pepep *
*j hu man fceal pi]? ]?sepe able on hupl bipce pone halgan

1 The passage of the text has
aflesenum.

For fiohe, subjunctive.

LEECH BOOK. I.

13

xlvii. Leechdoms and drinks and salves for " dry Gcmznm
diseases " 1 of many a kind, the best ones for " dry "
worm on the feet. Twelve in all against " dry ■'
diseases.

xlviii. Leechdoms for the worms which vex men
inwardly, and against worms which be in the inwards
of children, and childrens inwards sore. In all twelve
receipts against them.

xlix. A leechdom, single, separately, against the small
worm.

1. Leechdoms again hand worms and dew worms,
and if a worm eat the head ; a wax salve against the
hand worm. Six receipts ; four sorts in all.

li. Leechdoms against worms which eat mans flesh.

Hi. Two leechdoms against lice.

liii. Two leechdoms against penetrating worms.

liv. Leechdoms for a worm eaten body and a
mortified.

Iv. A leechdom for a stricken body.

lvi. Leechdoms for a paralyzed body, and a bath
salve.

lvii. Leechdoms and' drinks and salves against the
disease called "fig."

lviii. Leechdoms for a wen salve and for wen boils.

lix. Leechdoms for paralysis, that is in English, lyft
addle, and for " neurisn." 2 Three.

lx. Leechdom for a burn : and salves. Eight in all.

lxi. Leechdoms for a pain in the joints, and for the
lubricating secretion at the joints, called synovia, and
if the synovia leak and the joint oil run out. Of all
(these) receipts fourteen.

lxii. Leechdoms for fever, to heal it ; drinks for that ;
against a tertain fever, and a quartan fever, and a
quotidian fever ; and against lent disease, that is
(typhus) fever, and how against the disorder a man

1 A sort of dry rot : see the glos-
sary. Mapa<rn6s.

2 Possibly vzvpuv ir&peais ; a kind
of TrapaAvcns.

14 LMCE BOC.

-j ]?one miclan gobep naman ppitan <-j on ]?one bpenc
mib haligpaetpe Spean <j halij jebeb on npan fmjan *j
cpebo *j paten noptep • x. laacebomap.

.lxiii. Lsecebomap pi$ peonb peocum men bpencaf to
];on *j hu mon fcyle maeppan *j gebebu -j pealmaf open
|>one bnenc pmjan *j op cipicbellum bjnncan • <j pi]?
bpsecfeocum men • *j pi]? peben heopte «j pift J?on eal-
lum fex cpseptap. :•

.lxiiii. Lascebomap pi]? selcpe leobpunan *j a?lpfibenne
ol. 5 b. f lp pepepcynnep jealbon *j buft <j bnencap *j pealp *j

^ip pto abl netnum fie • *j gip fio abl pypbe mannan
o&Se mape pibe «j pypbe feopon eallep cpaapta.

.lxv. Laecebomap ept pr3 lencten able <j ]?apa peopep
jobfpellepa naman • <j jeppitn «j jebebu *j fpigenbe
fceal mon fum jeppit ppitan • V. cpaaptaf. :•

.LXVI. Lsecebomap unjemynbe <j pi]? byfijum.

.lxvii. Laacebomap *j bpencap pr5 jenumenum metre
*j jlp eala pie apepb o]?j?e meolcen mete ]?py cpaaptas. :•

.lxviii. Lseceboniap pi]? J?on pp hunta gebite man-
nan f fprSpe oj^pe1 naman janjelpeppa pex bujenbe
epgeptaS.

.lxviiii. Laecebomap pi]? yebe hunbep plite *j yrS
Imnbep bolje • VII. laecebomap. :•

.lxx. Laecebomaj' jip mon fie to ppaene o]?]?e to
unppaene. :

.lxxi. Laecebomap pi]? pseje peofan fape <j jip hoh
fmo popob pie. :•

.lxxi. Laecebomap on hpilce tib blob pie to popjanne

fol. 6 a. on hpilce to poplaetenne «j hn fie attpep pul fio

lypt on hlapmaeppe tib • *j be bpenctim <j utpopum

on ]?am mon]?e <j ^te pypta on ]?am monSe fmb to

pypcanne.

1 Compare the chapter, and read p iy fpi^jie i oJ>ep.

LEECH BOOK. I. 15

shall write upon the eucharistic paten the holy and Contents.
the great name of God, and wash it with holy water in
to the drink, and sing a holy prayer over it and the
Credo and the Paternoster. Ten leechdoms.

lxiii. Leechdoms for a fiendsick man (or demoniac),
drinks for that, and how a man shall sing masses and
prayers and psalms over the drink, and drink out of
church bells, and for a lunatic man, and for the wood
heart or frenzy, and for them all ; six receipts.

lxiv. Leechdoms against every pagan charm and for
a man with elvish tricks ; that is to say, an enchant-
ment for a sort of fever, and powder and drinks and
salve, and if the disease be on neat cattle ; and if the
disease harm a man, or if a mare ride him and hurt
him. In all seven crafts.

lxv. Leechdoms again for typhus, and the names of
the four gospellers and writings and prayers ; and in
silence shall one write some writing. Five receipts.

lxvi. Leechdoms for the idiot and the silly.

lxvii. Leechdoms and drinks for meat taken, and if
ale be spoilt or milken food. Three receipts.

lxviii. Leechdoms in case a hunting spider1 bite a
man, that is, the stronger sort, and if another by name
gangweaver,2 bite him. Six capital receipts.

lxix. Leechdoms for a rent of a mad dog and for
wound of hound. Seven leechdoms.

lxx. Leechdoms if a man be too lustful or too un-
lustful.

lxxi. Leechdoms for sore of the dorsal muscles, and
if the heel sinew be broken.

lxxii. Leechdoms declaring at what time blood is to
be foregone, and at what to be let ; and how the air
is full of venom at Lammas3 time, and of drinks and
evacuations on that month, and that worts on that
month are to be worked.

1 Now Salticus scenicus. Aranea
venatoria is American. But here
the tarantula was meant.

2 Aranea viatica.
J August 1.

16 L^ECE BOC.

Romane ^ eall firS pole pophton htm eopj? huf pio
j?sepe unlypte • <j hu mon pcyle bloblsefe on }?aBpa pex
pipa selcon on J?aBp monan elbo pojijan on J^pitigum1
nihta *j hponne betft to laBtanne • *j gip blob bolg
ypehje • *j gip ]?u pille on fmbe blob poplaBtan o\>]>e on
gebpe • ofrSe gip J>u ne meeje blob bolj appi]?an • o]?]?e
gip ]>u ne maBje jeotenb sebpe appiftan o&5e pp mon
on fmpe beplea set bloblaBtan. :•

.LXXIII. LaBCeboin jip men hpilc Inn cine. :•

.LXXIIII. Lsecebom pi$ peajitum *j peappum on lime. :•

.lxxv. Lsecebom pi]? pcuppebum nsejle. :•

.LXXVI. Lsecebom piS gic]?an. :•

. lxxvii. LaBcebom jip ]m pille f ypel fpyle *j aetepno

paBte ut bepfte. :•

.LXXVI1I. LaBcebom jip men unluft fie jetenge. :•
.LXXVIIII. LaBcebom jip mon on lanjum peje teopije. :•
f0l, 6 b. .LXXX. LaBcebom piS ]?on J?e mon lime popbpmce. :•

.LXXXI. LaBcebom piS miclum cyle. :•

.lxxxii. LaBcebom pp men fie psepmja to micel paBcaB

getenje. :•

.lxxxiii. LaBcebom to mannep ftemne. :•

.lxxxiiii. LaBcebom pi6 J?on jip mon ]?ung ete. :•

.lxxxv. LaBcebom pio" J?on ]?e mon punbige pio" Inf
peonb to jepeohtanne. :•

.xxxvi. LaBcebom pi J? miclum janje opep lanb J>y
lsep be teopije. :•

.lxxxvii. Lascebom gip maimep peax pealle fealp pi]?
]?on *j gtp man calu fie.

.lxxxviii. LaBcebomaf pi]? hojipep hpeople «j gip hopf
jeallebe fie • <j jip hopf fie opfcoten oJ?]?e o]?ep neat.

jjjiicisum was written ; now partly erased.

LEECH EOOK. T. 17

The Romans and all the people of the south Contents.
wrought for themselves houses of earth against the ill
air ; and how a man shall forego bloodletting on each
of the six fives1 of the moons age in the thirty nights,
and when best to let blood, and if the incision for
bloodletting take an ill turn, and if thou will let
blood on an incision or on a vein, or if thou may not
staunch the bleeding incision, or if thou may not bind
up the flowing vein, or if one, in bloodletting, cut
down on a sinew.

lxxiii. A leechdom if any limb of a man be chapped.

lxxiv. A leechdom against warts and callosities on a
limb.

lxxv. A leechdom for a scurfy nail.

lxxvi. A leechdom for itch.

lxxvii. A leechdom if thou will that an ill swelling
and the venomous humour should burst out.

lxxviii. A leechdom if loss of appetite befall a man.

lxxix. A leechdom if a man tire on a long journey.

Ixxx. A leechdom in case a man overdrink himself.

lxxxi. A leechdom against much cold.

lxxxii. A leechdom if suddenly too much watching
befall a man.

lxxxiii. A leechdom for a mans voice.

lxxxiv. A leechdom in case a man eat something
poisonous.

lxxxv. A leechdom in case a man try to fight with
his enemy.

lxxxvi. A leechdom for much travel over land lest
he tire.

lxxxvii. A leechdom if a mans hair fall off, a salve
for that, and if a man be bald.

lxxxviii. Leechdom for swelled legs in a horse, and
if a horse be galled, and if a horse or other neat
cattle be elf shob.

1 Though a sidereal revolution of
the moon be but 27*321 days, yet

the moon often attains the thirtieth
day of her age.

VOL. II. B

18 LJ5CE BOC.

Alex. Trail. On J?ippum sejiefcan lsececpasptum geppitene fint hece-

hb.i. bomaf pi^S eallum heapbep untpymneppum.

COuppa hatte pypt jegnib on moptepe ^te penmg

jepeje • bo fceap pulne pinep to pofe fmype fonne f
fol. 7 a. heapob mib «j bpmce on niht neptij. pr<5 heapob psepce

Cf. Galen. jeriim puban *j pepmob gecnnpa *j meng pi]? eceb <j ele
V?' X1V,7 P 50°' a^eon fuph °la^ fmipe mib J> heapob • o'&Se clam op
Kecpahaxyla. fam llcan pypc leje on ^ heapob «j befpe)?e pel j?onne Jra

to pefte pille.

Lacn. i. p^g Jjqjj^ jican gennn betomcan *j pipop jejnib fprSe

tojsebepe lset ane niht han^ian on claSe fmipe mib.

a Plinius Vale- IprS heapob psepce a betan pypttpuman jecnupa piS

rianus, de re t ^ v -- i -- i>

Medica,foi.i4b,nuni3 aPPm3 bo 7 reaP on neb *j °n5ean funnan up-

for clearing peapb lic^e • *j J?a3t heapob ho op bune f peb peap mseje

b ~ \ f heapob jeonb ypnan • hsebbe him 8ep on muj>e ele

otye bntepan <j ]?onne uplang afitte hnijie popo* lsete

plopan op J?am nebbe )?a plliftpan bo fpa jelome o)?J?8et

hit clsene fie.

PrS heapob psepce jenim hampypt ni]?epeapbe je-
cnupa lege on cealb psetep gnib fpiSe o]?J> eall gele]?peb
fie bej?e mib J> heapob. :•

Lacn. i. J7i]? heapob pgepce geriim heah heolo]?an *j gpunbe

fpeljean *j pencepfan *j jitpipan pel on psetepe la3t

fol. 7 b. peocan on J?a eagan J?onne hit hat fie <j ymb J?a eajan

jnib mib J?a3m pyptum fpa hattim. :•

pi^ heapob ece gerffm pealh *j ele bo ahfan jepype

j?onne to plypan bo to hymlican *j eopop ]?potan *j

$a peaban netlan gecnupa bo J?onne on J?one plipan

LEECH ROOK. I. 19

1.

1. In these first leechcrafts are written leechdoms for Book I.
all infirmities of the head.

2. A wort has been named murra,a rub it in a mortar a Scandix
as much as may make a pennyweight, add to the ooze 0i

a stoup full of wine, then smear the head with that
and let the patient drink this at night fasting. For
head wark, take rue and wormwood, pound them and
mingle with vinegar and oil, strain through a cloth,
smear the head with it ; or work a paste of the same,
lay it on the head and swathe it up well, when thou
will to bed.

3. For the same, take betony and pepper, rub them
thoroughly together, let them hang one night in a
cloth, smear with them. For head wark, pound some
roots of beet with honey, wring them, apply the juice
to the face, and let the patient lie supine against the
sun, and hang the head adown that the juice may run
all over the head. Let him hold before that in his
mouth oil or butter, and then sit up and lean forward
a/nd let the matter flow off the face. Let him so do
often till it be clean.

4. For head wark, take the lower part of homewort,b b Sempervivum
pound it, lay it in cold water, rub it hard till it be tectorum-

all in a lather, bathe the head with it.

5. For head wark, take elecampane0 and groundsel01 c Inula hele-
and fen cress1 and gitrife,2 boil them in water, make T™necio vui_
them steam upon the eyes, when it is hot, and rvibgaris.
about the eyes with the worts, so hot.

6. For head ache, take willow3 and oil, reduce to
ashes, work to a viscid substance, add to this hem-
lock4 and carline5 and the red nettle,6 pound them,

1 Nasturtium officinale.

2 Agrostemma githago.
15 Salix.

1 Contum maculatum.
5 Carlina acaulis..
c' Lamium purpureum.

B 2

20

L.ECE boc.

' U/xiKpavia.

fol. 8 a.

be]?e mib. pi]? heapob ece hunbep heapob gebjBjm to
ahpan *j fm$ ty heapob leje on.

PiS heapob paapce jeriim epelafcan jecnua on cealb
psetept jnib betpeoh hanbum <j jecnupa clup]?un;$ bo
J?a?pto be)?e mib. pi]? heapob ece jenim liopan *j ptn
*j eceb jefpet mib hunije *j fmipe mib. :•

1 pi]? heapob ece genmi bilep blofuman feoS on ele
fmijie J?a Junpan^an mib. 2 J7iJ? J?on llcan jeriim heopotep
hopnep ahpan menj piS eceb *j pofan feap bmb on f
psenje. pi]? ]?on ilcan genlm pset pul gpenpe puban
leapa *j penepep ptebep cuclep pulne gepnb tojsebepe
bo sejef f hpite to cuclep pulne • f fio pealp pie
J?icce fmipe mib pej?epe on ]?a healpe J?e pap ne fie. :•

PiJ> healpep heapbepa ece jenmi ]?a jieaban netlan
anftelebe jetpipula menj piS eceb *j regef f hpite bo
eall tojsebepe fmipe mib. :•

PiJ; healpep heapbep ece laupep cpoppan getpipula on
eceb mib ele fmyjie mib J?y J?set penge. :•

Pr<S Jx>n ilcan jemm puban peap ppmj on f nsep-
J?ypel J?e on J?a papan3 healpe bio\

PiJ> healpep heapbep ece • geriim laupep cpoppan buft
•j fenep menj togasbepe jeot eceb on fmipe mib J?a
papan healpe mib ]?y • o]?J?e menge piS ptn ]>sey laupep
cnoppan • oJ>]?e puban fseb jnib on eceb bo bega empela
gnib Son4 hneccan mib ]?y.

5 Tacnu J?sepe able • fio abl cymS op ypelpe paetan upan
plopenbjie 6\>]>e sejmie oj>J?e op bam • ponne pceal mon repeft

1 Plinius, xx. 73.

2 Galenus, vol. xiv. p. 398, ed.
1827.

3 mapan, MS.

4 Read oone.

5 Alex. Trail, lib. i. cap. 12,
partly word for word.

LEECH BOOK. I.

21

put them then on the viscid stuff, bathe therewith.
Against head ache ; burn a dogs head ] to ashes, snip
the head ; lay on.

7. For a head wark, take everlasting,2 pound it in
cold water, rub it between the hands, and pound
doffing,3 apply it thereto, bathe therewith. For head,
ache, take hove 4 and wine and vinegar ; sweeten with
honey, and smear therewith.

8. For head ache, take blossoms of dill,5 seethe in
oil, smear the temples therewith. For the same, take
ashes of harts horn, mingle with vinegar and juice of
rose, bind on the cheek. For the same, take a vessel
full of leaves of green rue, and a spoon full of mus-
tard seed, rub together, add the white of an egg, a
spoon full, that the salve may be thick ; smear with a
feather on the side which is not sore.

9. For ache of half the head,6 take the red nettle
of one stalk, bruise it, mingle with vinegar and the
white of an egg, put all together, anoint therewith.

10. For a half heads ache, bruise in vinegar with
oil the clusters of the laurus, smear the cheek with
that.

11. For the same, take juice of rue, wring on the
nostril which is on the sore side.

12. For a half heads ache, take dust of the clusters
of laurel, and mustard, mingle them together, pour
vinegar upon them, smear with that the sore side.
Or mix with wine the clusters of laurel. Or rub fine
in vinegar the seed of rue,7 put equal quantities of
both, rub the back of the neck with that.

13. Tokens of the disease. The disease cometli of
evil humour flowing8 or evil vapour, or of both. Then

Book I.
Ch. i.

1 That the plant called " hounds-
head " in Herb, lxxxviii. is meant,
I do not think.

8 Gnaphalium.

3 Ranunculus sceleratus.

4 Glcchoma hederacea.

5 Anethiun yraveolens.

6 Megrim.

7 Buta graveolens.

8 1 hesitate to believe that uran,
can mean from below upwards ; yet
Alexandros says /cara avuTcaQziav
rod aroi-iaxov. Uran means from
above.

22 LiECE BOC.

on $a able popepeapbpe blob lsetan op sebpe • septep
J?on yceal man pypt bjienc yellan <j lacnian yi]?]?an j?a
yapan ftopa • gip feo abl fie cumen op micelne heeto
]?onne yceal man mib cealbum becebomum lacnian •
gip hio op cealbum Intmjan cym<5 • J?onne yceal mon
mib hatum laecebomum lacnian gehp8e}>epey yceal mon
nyttian *j mifcian ty J?one Hchoman hsele *j sepep msejen
hsobbe • htm beah ^ him mon on eape bpype jeplsec-
cebne ele mib o}>pum gobtim pyptum. :•

fol. 8 b. Tentm pij? tobjiocenum heapbe betonican getpipula

•j lege on •}> heapob upan ]?onne yamnaS hio ]?a punbe
'j haelS. 6pt pij> J?on llcan jerfim tuncepfan fio }>e yelp
peaxeS *j mon ne yaep$ bo In }>a nofu f ye fcenc msBge
on J> heapob *j J?set yeap, :•

Pi]? J?on llcan ept jenim banpypt y attoplaJ?an «j
bolhpunan • *j pubnmepce *j bpunpypt *j betonican • bo
ealle ]?a pypta to pypt bpence ^ menge J?8ep yrS ]?a
fmalan clipan «j centaupian <j pejbpseban • ealpa fpi]?uft
betonican <j jip f bpsejen utyige gemm segey f jeo-
lupe <j meng lythpon1 pio" hunig *j apyl oa punbe • «j
mib acumban befpeoe *j poplset fpa }?onne • <j ept ymb
J?py bajay gefpset ]?a punbe • *j pp ye hala pep]?e pille
habban peabne hpmg ymb )?a punbe pite J>u J?onne
f ]?u hie ne meaht gehselan. J?i$ ]?on llcan genfm
pubupopan *j pubu mepce <j hopan <j pel on butepan y

1 Lyhpon, MS.

LEECH BOOK. I.

23

shall one first in the early disease let blood from a
vein ; after that shall be administered a wort drink,
and the sore places shall be cured. If the disease be
caused by mickle heat, then shall one cure it with
cold leechdoms ; if it cometh of cold causes, then shall
one cure it with hot leechdoms, of either shall advan-
tage be taken, and they shall be mixed, into a mixture
that may heal the body and have an austere efficacy
in it. It is well for him that one should drip for him
in his ear oil made lukewarm with "other" good
worts.

14. For broken head, take betony,1 bruise it and lay
it on the head above, then it unites the wound and
healeth it. Again for the same, take garden cress,2
that which waxeth of itself and is not sown,3 intro-
duce it into the nose4 that the smell and the juice
may get to the head.

15. For the same again, take wallflower5 and
attorlothe0 and pellitory and wood marche7 and
brownwort8 and betony, form all the worts into a
wort drink, and mix therewith the small cleaver9 and
centaury10 and waybroad,11 of all most especially
betony, and if the brain be exposed, take the yolk
of an egg and mix a little with honey and fill the
wound and swathe up with tow, and so let it alone ;
and again after about three days syringe the wound,
and if the hale sound part12 will have a red ring
about the wound, know thou then that thou mayest
not heal it. For the same, take woodroffe and wood-

Book I.
Ch. i.

1 Betonica officinalis.

2 Lepidium sativum.

3 Self sown ; but a garden cress
still.

i"Ep^ivov, therefore ; but these
were used like cephalic snuff ; and
never for broken head. See Nicolaos
Myreps. xv.

5 Cheiranthus che'ui.

6 See Herbarium, xlv., to which
assent is not easily given.

7 Apium graveolens.

8 Scrophularia aquatica: see Herb,
lvii.

9 Galium aparine.

10 Erythraa centaureum.
1 ' Plantago maior.

12 The sense of ye)\\>e is doubtful ;
but see glossary.

24 LjECE BOG\

peoh J?uph hsepeime1 cla$ bo on •$ heapob J?onne janga]?
}>a ban ut. :•

fol. 9 a. ])i]> lanjum pane psep heapbep o]?)?e Sapa eapena oSSe

a J>a, MS., but J?apa to]?a J>aa ]?uph hoph oSSe ]?uph pnopl ut ateo ^
erase it. ^^ egiej, . ^efeoj? ceppillan on paetepe pele bpmcan

j?onne atihS p ]?a ypelan psetan ut oj?]?e Jrnph muS
o^Se }?uph nofu. 6pt J?up ]m pcealt ]?a j^pelan opfe-
tenan pastan utabon Jruph fpatl *j hpaecean meng pipop
pi]? hpit cpubn fele to ceopanne • *j pypc him to fpil-
lanne pone geajl *2 gerfim eceb *j psetep «j fenep «j hunig
pyl togsebepe liftum • *j apeoh 'Sonne lset colian pele
J?onne gelome <$ jea^l to fpillanne f he J?y pel mseje
^ ypel utahpsecean.

Pypc Jmp fpilmge to heapbep clsenfunje jentm ept
fenepep paebep bael <j naepfaebep <j cepfan paebep • fume men
hataS lambep ceppan <j mepcep faeb -j . xx. pipopcopna •
jefamna eall mib ecebe <j mib hunige • gehaet on paetepe
*j habbe on mu]?e lange }?onne ypnS f gillifuep tit.
36pt oppu fpilmj on fumepe caepenep jobne bollan pulne •
fol, 9 b. *j ecebep mebmicelne *j ypopum hatte pypt hipe leap *j

blofuman menj tojaebepe -j last ftanban neahtepne *j
on mopjen on cpoccan opeppylle <j fupe plaec <j f geagl
fpile *j ]?pea hip rnuft. 4 To J?on llcan on pintpa fenepef
buftep cuclep pulne <j hunigef healpne cuclep jebo on
calic menge ]?onne aeptep J?on piS paetep *j haete <j peoh
buph lmenne clao" *j fpile mio" f jeajl • aeptep ]?am
laecebome gelome mib ele fpille J?a hpacan. 5 6pt pij> J?on
llcan jentm mealpan gegmb on plaec pin pele to fpil-
lanne f jeajl. piS tobpocenum heapbe *j faptim pube

1 haepenne suggests itself. 4 Ibid.

2 seagl below is neuter.

3 Plinius Valerianus, de re Med.,
fol. 14 a.

5 Plin. Val., fol. 13 b.

LEECH BOOK. I. 2o

marohe and hove, and boil in butter and strain through Book I.
a coloured cloth, apply it to the head, then the bones
come out.

16. For chronic disorder of the head or of the ears
or of the teeth through foulness or through mucus, ex-
tract that which aileth there, seethe chervil in water,
give it to drink, then that draweth out the evil
humours either through mouth or through nose. Again,
thus thou shalt remove the evil misplaced humours by
spittle and breaking ; mingle pepper with mastic, give
it the patient to chew, and work him a gargle to
swill his jowl ; take vinegar and water and mustard
and honey, boil together cleverly, and strain, then let
cool, then give it him frequently to swill his jowl,
that he by that may comfortably hreak out the ill
flegm.

17. Work thus a swilling or lotion, for cleansing of
the head, take again a portion of mustard seed and of
navew seed and of cress seed, some men call it lambs
cress, and of marche seed, and twenty pepper corns,
gather them all with vinegar and with honey, heat
them in water and have them long in the mouth, then
the flegm runneth out. Again, another swilling in
summer ; mingle together a good bowl full of wine
boiled down with herbs and a moderate one of vine-
gar, and hyssop, so the wort hight, its leaves and
blossoms, and let the mixture stand for a night, and in
the morning boil it over again in a crock (or earthen
pot), and let him sup it lukewarm and swill his jowl
and wash his mouth. For the same in winter, put in
a chalice a spoon full of the dust of mustard and
half a spoon full of honey, then after that mingle this
with water, and heat it and strain it through a linen
cloth and swill the jowl with it; after that leechdom
frequently swill the throat with oil. Again for the
same ; take mallows, rub them into lukewarm wine,
give it the 'patient to swill the jowl. For a broken

26 LMCE BOC.

jetpipelabu mi6 pealte «j mib hunige fmipe ^ heapob
popepeapb mib py fe cupepta lsecebom bip pam pe heapob
pylm <j lap ppopiaS. ]?ip pon llcan ept gejnib puban
on pm pele bpmcan -j gemenj eceb pip puban *j ele
bpype on f heapob *j fmipe mib.

.1. (read .ii.)

Alex. Trail. Lsecebomaf pi J? eajna mifte jemm celepenian peap
oppe blofcman jenienj piS bopena hunig jebo on aapen

fol. 10 a. J-'se^ piece lifcum on peapmum glebum op]5 hit jefoben

fie • pip bio job lsecebom pip eajna bimneppe. J7i]?

Cf. Marcell. pon llcan ept pilbpe puban jebeappe *j jetpipulabpe
leap • gemeng pio afeopnef hunijef em micel fmype
mib pa eajan. ]?ip eajna mifte monije men py lsep
hiopa eajan pa able ppopian lociao on cealb psetep •
<j ponne majon pyp jefeon ne pypt f pa peon • ac
micel pin jebjunc *j oppe jefpette bpmcan «j mettap •
•j pa fpipopt pa Se on fepe upepan pambe jepumaft *j
ne majon meltan • ac peep, ypele psetan pypceaS *j
piece. Pop «j capel *j eal pa pe fyn fpa apep fmb to
pleojanne «j J> pe mon on bebbe bsd^ey uppeapb ne
liege <j cyle *j pmb <j pec *j bupt • pap pmj *j pifum
jelic selce bseje fceppaft pam eagum. 1pi]? eagna mifue
genim jpenne pmul jebo on psetep .XXX. nihta on
yenne cpoccan pone pe fie jepicob utan jepylle ponne
mib nen psetepe • septep pon apeoppe op pone pmul ^
mib py psetepe selce bsege ppeah pa eagan <j ontyne.

fol. io b. 26pt op homena aepme *j ftieme *j op plsetan cymS

1 Cf. Galen, vol. xiv. p. 499, ed. | - Plinius Valerianus, fol. 20 b. for
1827. I fourteen lines.

LEECH BOOK. I.

27

and sore head ; bruised rue 1 with salt and honey ;
smear the forehead with it, the most approved leech-
dom is this for him whose head hath burning and
paiuful throes. For the same again ; rub rue in wine,
give it to drink to the sufferer, and mingle vinegar
with rue and oil ; drip it on the head and smear
therewith.

Book I.
Ch. i.

11.

1. Leechdoms for mistiness of the eyes ; take juice or
blossoms of celandine, mingle with honey of dumble-
dores,a introduce it into a brazen vessel, half warm it a Melle Attico,
neatly on warm gledes, till it be sodden. This is a
good leechdom for dimness of eyes. For the same,
mingle the juice of wild rue,2 dewy and bruised, mingle
with equally much of filtered honey, smear the eyes
with that. For mistiness of eyes many men, lest their
eyes should suffer the disease, look into cold water
and then are able to see far ; that harmeth not the
vision, but much wine drinking and other sweetened
drinks and meats, and those especially which remain
in the upper region of the wamb and cannot digest,
but there form evil humours and thick ones ; leek and
colewort and all that are so austere are to be avoided,
and care must be had that a man lie not in bed in
day time supine ; and cold and wind and reek and
dust, these things and the like to these every day are
injurious to the eyes. For mistiness of eyes, take green
fennel, put it into water for thirty days in a crock
(or earthen vessel), one that is pitched on the outside,
fill it then with rain water ; after that throw off
the fennel and with the water every day wash the
eyes and open them. Again, from the vapour and

1 The verbs are often suppressed.

2 Wild rue is a Hellenism, iryya-
vov &ypiov, Dioskor. iii. 59, ap/xd^t

■n-pbs afjifiAvcoTrias, or ruta silvestris;
Plinius, xx. 51. These are pega-
num harmala.

28

L^CE BOC.

eagna mifr ^ fio pceappnep «j pojoba f bej? pi J? ]?on lp
J?ip to bonne, fib eagna mifte genim cile)?onian peapep
ouclep pilne o]?epne pmolef • J?pibban appotanan peapep •
*j hunijep teapep tu cuclep msel meng to gsebepe • *j
]xmne mib pepepe jebo In ];>a eagan on mopjenne <j
J?oime mibbseg fie • *j ept on sejzen septep J>on bonne f
abpugob pie *j togoten pop J?gepe pealpe fceappneppe •
jeriim pipep meoluc ]?8ep ]?e cilb hgebbe bo on J>a
eagan. :•

6j:t re]?ele cpsept getfim balpami <j hunijep teapef
em micel jeineng to^eebepe -j fmipe mib ]?y.

6pt piv5 J?on llcan celej^onian peap *j fsepsetep fmijie
mib ba eajan <j bebe. bib J?onne pelefc f }m mme
bgepe cele]7onian peap *j mucgpypte «j puban ealpa em
pela bo hunij to *j balbfamum pj: bu hsebbe • jebo on
f ysQt \e ]>u hit msege on mib jepoge gefeo]?an ^ nytta
pel JpaBt bet. :•

fol. 1 1 a.

1yip eajna miibe gebsepneb pealt <j jegmben «j pij?
bopena hunig jemenjeb fmipe mib. :•

26pc pmolep *j pofan <j puban peap *j bopan humj *j
ticcenep jeallan togsebepe jemen^eb fmipe mib J?a
eagan. 36£u gpene cellenbpe jejniben -j pi]; pipep
meoluc gemengeb alege ojzep ba eagan. :•

■ Med. de Quad. a 4Gft hapan geallan genime <j fmijie mib. :•

b Marcellus, b &YV cPlce5 Pme pmclan jebsepnbe to abpan <j J>a

272, e. ahpan jemenje piS bopena bunij. :

1 Plin. Val. fol. 20 b.
-Plin. Val. fol. 21 b.
a Plin. Valerianus, fol. 19 b.
1 Also Plinius Valerianus, fol.
20 b., 21 b.

5 Por veras our author read
vivas. Or Plinius Valerianus, fol.
21b, where we read " Cochleae
vivae."

LEECH BOOK. I.

29

steam of ill juices and from nausea cometh mist of BJ??k.J
eyes, and the sharpness and corrupt humour causes that,
against which this is to be done. For mist of eyes,
take of celandines juice a spoon full, another of fennels,
a third of southernwoods juice, and two spoon measures
of the tear of honey (virgin honey that drops without
'pressure), mingle them together, and then with a
feather put some into the eyes in the morning and
when it be midday, and again at evening after that,
when it is dried up and spent; for sharpness of the
salve, take milk of a woman who hath a child, apply
it to the eyes.

2. Again, a noble craft. Take equal quantities of
balsam and of virgin honey, mix together and smear
with that.

3. Again for the same, juice of celandine and sea Cf. Nicol.
water ; smear and bathe the eyes therewith. It is then x^m. 152,
most advisable that thou take juice of the celandine from an older
and of mug wort1 and of rue, of all equal quantities, add
honey to it, and balsam, if thou have it, put it then
into such a vessel that thou may seethe it with glue2
and make use of it. It does much good.

4. For mist of eyes, salt burnt and rubbed fine and
mixed with dumbledores honey ;3 smear therewith.

5. Again, juice of fennel and of rose and of rue, and
dumbledores honey,3 and kids gall, mixed together ;
smear the eyes with this. Again, lay upon the eyes
green coriander rubbed fine and mixed with womans
milk.

6. Again, let him take a hares gall and smear with it.

7. Again, live perriwinkles burnt to ashes ; and let
him mix the ashes with dumbledores3 honey.

181881;

author,perhaps.

1 Artemisia vulgaris.

2 Or some cement ; the original
author perhaps meant a covered
vessel sealed up with cement.

3 Doubtless from " melle Attico,"
read as melle attaci ; the dumble-
dore is apis bombinatrix.

30

LMCE BOC.

a Plinius,
xxxii. 24.

Marcellus,
272, g.

b Marcellus,
272, b.

fol. 11 b.

a6pt pyplap ealpa ea pifca on funnan gemylte *j
pio" hunij gemengbe fmipe mib.

PiS eajna nnfte ept betonican peap gebeatenpe mib
hine pypttpuman *j appungenpe *j jeappan peap *j cele-
J?onian em micel ealpa menj togsebepe bo on eaje.
bGpt pmolef pypttpuman gecnuabne jemeng pr3 hu-
nijep peap1 feo$ ]?onne aat leohtum pype hftelice o)?
humjep picneppe • jebo J?onne on aspene ampullan *j
ponne J>eapp pie fmiyie mib ]?ip tobpip)? pa eahmifcap
]?eah ]?e hie Jncce fynb. :•

PiJ? eagna mifce ept eelepoman peap o]?j?e papa blofc-
mena geppmj ■j jemeng pio" bopena humj jebo on aspen
past piece ponne lifcum on peapmum jlebum oppe on
ahpan op f hit gebon pie • f biS anfpilbe lyb pip eajena
bimneppe.

c Marcellus,
272, a.

(1 Marcellus,
272, c.

Snme peep peapep anlipijef nyttiaS *j pa eajan mib
py fmipiao\ J>i]p eagena mifce ept eopSipieS feap *j
pmolep peap gebo begea em pela on ampnllan bpije
ponne on hatpe funnan 'j pa eajan mnepeanb mib py
fmipe. cpip eajena mifce ept eopojeallan2 peap J> lp
hypbepypt fmipe on pa eagan fio pyn bip py pceapppe •
gip pu hunig to befu J> beah • gemmd ponne psepe ilcan
pyjite jobne gelm gebo on ceac pulne pmef <j gepeop
opnete asp ppy bagaf • <j ponne hio gepoben fie appmg
pa pypt op *j psep popep gefpettep mib hunije gebpmc
selce baege neaht neptig bollan pulne. :•

e Cf. Celsus, e Galbep mannep eajan beop unfceappfyno ponne pceal

V . vi. 3 an ^ ^a eagan peccan mib jmbinjum mib jonjum • mib

pabum oppe mib py pe hme mon bepe oppe on psene

pepige • «j hy pculan nyttian lytlum <j pophtlictim metum

*j hiopa heapob cemban *j pepmob bpmcan asp pon pe

1 " Tantundem mellis optimi de-
spumati " is turned " juice of
honey."

2Cf. Alex. Trail, p. 46, line 31,
ed. 1548.

LEECH BOOK. I. 31

8. Again, the fatty parts of all river fishes melted Book I.
in the sun and mingled with honey ; smear with that.

9. For mist of eyes again, juice of betony beaten
with its roots and wrung, and juice of yarrow1 and of
celandine, equally much of all, mingle together, apply
to the eye. Again, mingle pounded root of fennel with
the purest honey, then seethe at a light fire cleverly
to the thickness of honey. Then put it into a brazen
ampulla, and when need be, smear with it, this driveth
away the eye mists, though they be thick.

10. For mist of eyes again, wring out juice of celan-
dine or of the blossoms of it, and mingle with
dumbledores honey, put it into a brazen vessel, then
make it lukewarm cleverly on warm gledes, or on
ashes, till it be done. That is a unique medicine for
dimness of eyes.

11. Some avail themselves of the juice singly, and
anoint the eyes with that. For mist of eyes again ;
juice of ground ivy and juice of fennel ; set equal
quantities of both in an ampulla, then dry in the hot
sun, and smear the inward part of the eyes with that.
For mist of eyes again, smear earthgalls 2 juice, that
is herd wort,2 on the eyes, the vision will be by it
sharper. If thou addest honey thereto, that is of good
effect. Further take a good bundle of the same wort,
introduce it into a jug full of wine, and seethe three
days in a close vessel; and when it is sodden, wring
out the wort, and drink of the ooze sweetened with
honey every day, after a nights fasting, a bowl full.

12. The eyes of an old man are not sharp of sight ;
than shall he wake up his eyes with rubbings, with
walkings, with ridings, either so that a man bear
him3 or convey him in a wain. And they shall use
little and careful meats, and comb their heads and

1 Achillea millefolium. 3 In a litter.

Erythrcea cenlaureum.

32 L^CE BOC.

hie mete ]?icjean. pup mon pceal unpceappfynum fealpe
fol. 12 a. pyjicean ro eagum • gemm pipop *j gebeat *j fpejlep

renter.1" ^PP61 tJ llP0U l'ealt;a 1 Ptn ? H 3ob re%- ••

pi]) miclurn eagece mamj man hasp]? micelne ece
on lnf eagum. Pypc htm ]?onne gpunbe fpeljean *j
bipceop pypt -j pmol pyl j?a pypta ealle on paBupe •
meoluc bi$ pelpe ljet f peocan on J?a eagan. 6pt
cele)?onian «j pububmbelf1 leap jeacep fupe pr$ pm
gemenje.

6pu to iniclum eajece cpopleac nio)>opeapb *j pit-

msepep pypt moj7opeapb cnua on pine last fuanban tpa

b Gr. Hpye/xa; niht. pio yheh eajpealp jennn bpomef ahfanc <j bollan

Lat. Albugo. pU}ne hatej- pmef jeot bpipa lytlum on hate J>a ahfaii

c anfkn, MS. ^ ^o ^omie fiR ggpen past oooe C}^pepen bo hunigef

hpon to *j meng togsebepe bo on ]?sep untpuman man-

nef ea^an • -j a)?peah ept J?a eagan on claenum pylle.

pi]? plie hapan geallan bo peapmne on ymb rpa niht

a Slab, MS. not phbS 6p bam eagum. pi]? plie geriim onpsejie plahd

-]? peap *j ppmg puph clao on f eaje pona %<&<$ on

j?pim bagnm op jip fio plah bi]? gpene. pi]? plie eceb

"j gebsepneb fealt «j bepen mela gemenj togsebepe bo

on J> eaje hapa lanje hpile ]?ine hanb on. :•

e Read o\>\>e p^ pne eahpealp cele]?oman iseb gentm on J?am c

f 1 12b pypttpuman gnib on ealb ptn ■j on hunij bo pipop to

last ftanban neahtepne be pype nytta ]?onne J?u plapan

pille. pi]? plie oxan plyppan nij?epeapbe <j alop pmbe

pylle on bntepan. :•

Xvnaxris, pi]? ]?on 'Se eagan typen pnban feap *j gate geallan -j

Lippitudo.

Read -bmbef.

LEECH BOOK. I. 33

drink wormwood before they take food. Then shall Book J-

Ch ii

a salve be wrought for unsharpsighted eyes ; take
pepper and beat it, and beetle nut1 and a somewhat
of salt, and wine ; that will be a good salve.

13. For much eye ache. Many a man hath mickle
ache in his eyes. Work him then groundsel and
bishopwort2 and fennel, boil all the worts in water,
milk is better, make that throw up a reek on the
eyes. Again, let him mingle with wine celandine and
woodbines leaves and the herb cuckoosour.3

14. Again, for much eye ache, pound in wine the
nether part of cropleek 4 and the nether part of
Wihtmars wort,5 let it stand two days. For pearl, an
eye salve ; take ashes of broom and a bowl full of hot
wine, pour this by a little at a time thrice on the hot
ashes, and put that then into a brass or a copper vessel,
add somewhat of honey and mix together, apply to
the infirm mans eyes, and again wash the eyes in a
clean wyll spring. For pearl on the eye, apply the gall
of a hare, warm, for about two days, it flieth from the
eyes. Against white spot, take an unripe sloe, and
wring the juice of it through a cloth on the eye, soon,
in three days the spot will disappear, if the sloe be
green. Against white spot, mingle together vinegar

and burnt salt a and barley meal, apply it to the eye, a A substitute
hold thine hand a long while on it. ^£jS%

'~-> 11H Ml I U<_ 111 H .

15. For pearl, an eye salve ; take seed of celandine
or the root of it, rub it into old wine and into honey,
add pepper, let it stand for a night by the fire, use it
when thou wilt sleep. Against white spot, boil in
butter the nether part of ox-slip G and alder7 rind.

16. In case the eyes be tearful, juice of rue, and

4 Allium sativum, probably.

5 Cochlearia anglica, perhaps.

1 The evidence, such as it is, for
this rendering will be given in the
glossary.

2 Herbar. i. Betonica officinalis.

3 Oxalis Acetosella.

VOL. II.

(i Primula veris elatior.
7 Alnus glutinosa.

34 LiECE BOC.

bopan hunig ealjia em pela. jtj: eajan1 typen heopotep
hopnep ahpan bo on gefpet pm. P^pc ea^pealpe pi]?
pa3nne jenlrn cpopleac *j gapleac bejea em pela jecnupa
pel tofomne jenim ptn <j peappef geallan begea em
pela gemeng pi]? J?y leaee bo ]?onne on appset last fcan-
ban nig on niht on J?am appate appmg J?uph cla]? *j
gehlyttpe pel bo on hopn • *j ymb niht bo mib pe]?epe
on ^ eage fe betfca lsecebom. :•

Pi]? penne2 on eagon genmi )?a holan cepfan gebpseb
bo on f eage fpa he hatoft maage, :•

pij? eagece gepypce htm gpunbfpelgean <j bifceop pypt
<j beopypt *j pmul pyl ]?a pypta ealle on paetepe meoluc
bij? betepe. :•

fol. 13 a. pij> eagna ece genim J^a peaban hopan apyl on fupum

fpatum oJ)]?e on fupum ealaS *j be]?e J?a eagan on J?am
bape betepe fpa optop.

Pij? eagece genim pi]?opmban tpigu gecnnpa apylle
on butepan3 bo on )?a eagan. :•

Pypc eagpealpe genim hnutcypnla *j hpaete copn gnib
togsebepe bo pm to afeoh ]?uph claS bo ]?onne on ]?a
eagan. J?iJ> eagna psepce *j ece hpitep hlapep cpuman
*j pipop *j eceb meng pel lege on claS bmb on ]?a eagan
nihtepne. pup mon pceal eagpealpe pypcean • genim
ftpeapbepian pifan nio]?opeapbe *j pipop gecnupa pel bo
on cla]? bebmb paefte lege on gefpet pm last gebpeopan
on ]?a eagan senne bpopan. Pypc eagfealpe pububmbep
leap pubumepce ftpeapbepian pifan fu]?epne pepmob
oxna lyb cele]?onian gecnupa J?a pypte fpiSe meng pi]?

1 Galen, vol. xh\ p. 335, ed. 1826. I 2 TvXos.
Sextus, cap. i. 1, Lat. 9 The MS. lias bitepan.

LEECH BOOK. J. 35

goats gall and dumbledores honey, of all equal quan- Book I.

tities. If eyes be tearful, add to sweetened wine ashes

of harts horn. Work an eye salve for a wen, take

cropleek and garlic,1 of both equal quantities, pound

them well together, take wine and bullocks gall, of

both equal quantities, mix with the leek, put this

then into a brazen vessel, let it stand nine days in

the brass vessel, wring out through a cloth and clear

it well, put it into a horn, and about night time apply

it with a feather to the eye ; the best leechdom.

17. For a wen2 on the eye, take hollow cress,3 roast
it, apply it to the eye, as hot as possible.

IS. For eye ache, let him work for himself ground-
sel and bishop wort4 and bee wort5 and fennel, boil all
the worts in water ; milk is better.

19. For ache of eyes, take the red hove,6 boil it in
sour beer or in sour ale, and bathe the eyes in the bath,
the oftener the better.

20. For eye ache, take twigs of withewind,7 pound
them, boil them in butter, apply them to the eyes.

21. Work an eye. salve thus; take nut kernels and
wheat grains, rub them together, add wine, strain
through a cloth, then apply to the eyes. For acute
pain and ache of eyes, mingle well crumbs of white
bread and pepper and vinegar, lay this on a cloth,
bind it on the eyes for a night. Thus shall a man
work an eye salve, take the nether part of strawberry
plants and pepper, pound them well, put them on a
cloth, bind them fast, lay them in sweetened wine,
make somebody drop one drop into the eyes. Work
an eye salve thus ; leaves of woodbind,8 woodmarche,9
strawberry plants, southern wormwood,10 green hellebore,

1 Allium oleraceum ?
- Wisps or sties are called wuns
in Devon.

3 Gentiana campestris.

4 In Herb. i. Betonica officinalis.

5 Acorus calamus.

{i Glechoma hederacea.

7 Convolvulus sepium.

8 Convolvulus.

!) Apium graveolens.
10 Artemisia abrotanon.

c 2

36 L^ECE BOC.

pm bo on cypejien pset o)?J?e on sepenum fate hapa
laet ftanban peopon niht o]?J>e ma appmje J?a pypta
fpio"e clsene gebo pipop. on -j gefpet fpi}>e leohtlice mib

fol. 13 b. hunije bo pij?]?an on hopn <j mib pebepe bo on )?a eajan

senne bpopan. Pypc eagpealpe bpige • genim fpeglef
seppel <j fpepl cpecipc attpum «j jebsepneb pealt *j pipopep
msept gejpmb eall to bufce apipt buph claft bo on
nsepc haabbe htm on ]>y lsep hit bine • bo mebmicel
on J?a eajan mib to]? jape jepefce liim septep «j plape
*j J?onne a]?peah lnj* ea^an mib clsene psetpe *j on $
psetep locije. pypc eagpealpe cymen *j fcpeapbepjean
pife gecnupa fpioe pel <j op geot mib jefpette pme bo
In cypepen pset o$8e on sepen lset fuanban pela nihta
on appmg ]?a pypte ]?uph claS *j ahluttpa fpibe pel bo
bonne on )?a eajan bonne bu pille peftan • pp fio

Imminutiones. pealp fie to heap1 jefpet mib hunije. piS sepmselum
gertim attpum jemenj piS fpatl J?a2 eagan utepeapb
nalsep mnan.

PiS aepmselum nibepeapb3 sepcbpotu gecopen on mube
*j appmjen buph claS on eaje jebon punboplice haelb.
Pib J?on be mon fupeje fie jenim agpimonian pelle
fpibe 0J7 bpibban bsel bpeah jeloine J?a eajan mib by.
Pustula. PJJ> pocce on eagum • jeriim pab «j pibban *j hleomocan

fol. u a. pyl on meolce on butejian lp betepe <j pypc bebmge •

pyl hleomoc *j jeappan *j pubu ceappillan on meolcum.

1 Heap MS. If any word closely
answering to Germ. Herbe, Lat.
Acerbus, occurs in Saxon, it has
not met my eyes ; the context is our
guide here. See Gl.

2 fmipe must be supplied.
8 m^ejieapb, MS.

LEECH BOOK. I, 37

celandine, pound the worts much, mingle with wine, Book I.
put into a copper vessel or keep in a brazen vat, let •

it stand seven days or more, wring the worts very
clean, add pepper, and sweeten very lightly with honey,
put subsequently into a horn, and with a feather put
one drop into the eyes. Work a dry eye salve thus;
take beetle nut(?) and sulfur, Greek olusatrum1 and
burnt salt, and of pepper most, grind all to dust, sift
through a cloth, put it on a fawns skin, let him keep
it about himself, lest it get moist. Introduce a small
quantity into the eyes with a tooth pick ; afterwards
let him rest himself and sleep, and then wash his eyes
with clean water, and let him look in the water,
that is, keep his eyes open under water. Work eye
salve thus; pound thoroughly cummin and a straw-
berry plant, and souse with sweetened wine, put into
a copper vessel or into a brazen one, let it stand
many nights, wring the wort through a cloth and clear
the liquid thoroughly, then apply to the eyes when
thou may wish to rest ; if the salve be too biting,
sweeten it with honey. For imminution of the eyes,
take olusatrum, mingle with spittle, anoint the eyes
outwardly not inwardly.

22. For imminutions, the nether part of the herb Contraction
ash throat2 chewed in the mouth and wrung through a ° e pupi '
cloth, and applied to the eye, wonderfully healefch. In
case a man be blear eyed, take agrimony, boil it
thoroughly down to the third part, wash the eyes
frequently with that. For a pock or pustule in the
eyes, take woad3 and ribwort4 and brooklime,5 boil in
milk, in butter is better, and work a fomentation.
Boil brooklime5 and yarrow6 and wood chervil7 in
milk.

i

Smyrnium olusatrum.

2 In Herb. iv. Verbena officinalis,
but in the gll. Ferula.

3 Isatis tinctoria.

4 Plantayo lanceolata.
* Veronica beccabunga.
a Achillea millefolium.
7 Anthriscus silvestris.

38

L/ECE BOC.

HvKUHTlS,

Ficus.

a UriKwffis.

fol. 14 b.

P1)7 pypJ^um on eajum jeriim beolonan fseb pceab
on jleba • bo tpa bleba pulle peetepef to fete on upa
healpe *j fite J?3ep opep bpeeb ]?onne J? heapob hiben *j
jeonb opep J> pyp *j )?a bleba eac ]?onne pceabaj? J>a
pypmaf on J?set psetep. pi]? J?eopable on eajuni J?e
mon ^epijo hset on lseben hatte cimosij* • hsenne sejep
geolocan *j mepcep pseb *j attpum <j tunmmtan. 6ft
yr& gepijon fceapef hohfeancan unfobenne tobpec jebo
J?get meajih on |?a eajan. pi J? Jnccum bpaepuma geriim
|?peo hanb pulla mucpypte ]?peo pealtep • J?peo papan2
pylle ]?onne o]? f fie tpgebe bepylleb J?8ep pofep healb J?onne
on cypejienum pate, pam men3 ]?e habbaS Jncce bpsepaf
geriim cypepen paet bo ]?3eji6n lybcopn *j pealt gemenj •
jenim celej?oman <j bifceoppypt *j geacep pupan *j au-
toplaban *j fpjimgpynt «j englifce mopan • *j hpon paebicef
*j hpepnep pot apsepc ]?onne ealle jeot )?onne pm on •
lset fcanban apeoh ept on J> cypepene pset • lset ]?onne
ftanban plptyne niht *j j?a bepfuan beoj? jobe • hapa J?e
clsene pletan bo on |> pset J?e J?a bepftan on pyn fpa
pela fpa J?apa plietna J?9ep on clipian mseje • fcpep ]?onne
op }>am psete f bij? fpioe 50b pealp J?am men J>e hsep^
]?icce bpa3paf. :.

Alex. Trail.,
lib. iii.

.III.

Lsecebomap pi$ eallum eapena fape *j ece *j piS eap-
ena abeapunge • <j jtp pypmaf on eapan fynb o)?J?e

1 See the glossary on pg ; it is
(TVKrj, avKoxTis, not x«V<y<ns ; this is
a misinterpretation of an Hellenic
word.

2 Read papan.

3 J>am, MS. Read >a m.

LEECH BOOK. 1.

39

23. For worms1 in eyes, take seed of henbane,2 shed Book I.
it on gledes, add two saucers full of water, set them
on two sides of the man, and let him sit there over
them, jerk the head hither and thither over the fire
and the saucers also, then the worms shed themselves
into the water. For " dry" disease in the eyes, which
is called the disease fig, and in Latin is called %u/xcoa-^a aNo. 2vKw<ns.
the yolk of a hens egg and seed of marche3 and
olusatrum and garden mint.4 Again for the disease
tig, break to pieces a hock shank unsodden of a sheep,
apply the marrow to the eyes. For thick eyelids, take
three handfuls of mugwort,5 three of salt, three of
soap, boil them till two parts out of three of the
ooze be boiled away, then preserve in a copper vessel.
For him who hath thick eyelids, take a copper vessel,
put therein cathartic seeds and salt there among,
take celandine and bishop wort and cuckoosour and
attorlothe 6 and springwort 7 and English carrot, and a
somewhat of radish, and ravens foot,8 then wash them
all, then pour wine on ; let it stand, strain again into
the copper vessel; then let it stand fifteen nights and
the dregs will be good. Have with thee clean curds and
introduce into the vessel on which the dregs are, as
much of the curd as may cleave thereon. Then scrape
the scrapings off the vessel, that will be a very good
salve for the man who hath thick eyelids.

iii.
1. Leechdoms for all sore of ears and ache, and for
deafness of ears, and if insects are in the ears or an

1 Worms are all creeping things,
here insects, acari : Celsus has a
chapter " de pediculis palpebrarum,"
Lib. VI. vi. 15, — " sive etiam vermi-
'* culos (oculi) habeant aut brigan-
" tes qui cilia arare et exulcerare
" solent." Marcellus, 275, c. Cf.
ibid. f. The disease in Hellenic was
(pOeipiacns, and by keen eyes the in-
sects could be seen to move, Actuarios.

2 Hyoscyamus niger.

3 Apium.

4 Mentha sativa.

5 Artemisia vulgaris.

6 Uncertain. See Herb. xlv. vol. I.
Pref. lvi.

7 Euforbia lathyris.

s Ranunculus ficaria.

40

L2ECE BOC.

Marcellus,
285, f.

fol. 15 a.

Marcellus,
286, d.

Sextus, cap.
xi. l.Lat.

eappicga • *j pp eapan bynien • «j eappealpa ptptyne
cpseptaf. :•

Pi]? eapena fajie *j ece betonican nipan jepophte J>a
leap pelp 1 jecnupa on peanmum psetepe bo hpon jepo-
fobep elep to • jenim ]3 fpa placu mib Jucpe pulle bpype
on J> eape. Gpt pij? ]?on llcan genlm ciepan jefeoj? on
ele bpype on f eape ]?one ele. J7i]? eappaepce *j pio"
beape liunbep tunge -j penmmte *j cellenbpe ^ecnupa on
pin o]?]?e on eala afeoh bo on eape. ])i]> ]?on llcan
genim haenne pypele jemylte *j J>onne jebo placo on
eape jebpype on. pi J? J>on llcan jenim ele • jenim eac
gope pypele geot; on J?onne gepit f pap apej. :•

Pi]? j?on llcan genlm beolonan peap geplece -j ]?onne
on eajie gebpyp • ])onne J> pap jefcilS.

PiJ? ]?on llcan genim japleac <j cipan *j jope pypele
jemylte tojasbepe ppmg on eape.

piS ]?on llcan geriim aemetan segpu getpipula ppmg
on eape. piS eapena pape genim gate geallan bpype
oggrc^ us' on f eape • menj pi8 cu meoluc jip J>u pille. pi$
Cf.Alex.Trall. eapena beape • gentm hpy]?epef jeallan pi]? fasten hlanb
lib. iii. l. gemenjeb jebpype jepleceb on f eape. :•

Cf. Marcell.
284, e.

Marcellus,
287, d.

=p. 56, line 21,
ed. 1548.

fol. 15 b.

Pij? j?on llcan gip eapan pillen abeapian o]>J?e ypel
hlyiu fie • jenim eopopep geallan peappep jeallan •
buccan geallan jemenj pi]? hunij ealpa em pela bpype
on ]? eape.

Pij? J?on llcan jip2 ypelne hlyfc haabbe lpies peap
J?aap \>e be eop]?an pliho" j? claBnofce feap jemenj pio"
pin bpype on eape. :•

Gpt; pibban peap *j ^eplecebne ele togsebepe jemenjeb
bpype on punboplice haalft. pi]? ]?on llcan jenim pam-

Read relye ?

8 Add hj>a, or mon.

LEECH BOOK. I. 41

earwig, and if the ears din, and ear salves. Fifteen Book i.
receipts. Ch' Hi'

2. For sore and ache of ears, pound new wrought
betony, the leaves themselves, in warm water, add a
somewhat of rose oil, take that lukewarm with thick
wool, drip it into the ear. Again for the same, take
an onion, seethe it in oil, drip the oil on the ear.
For ear wark and for deafness, pound the herb hounds
tongue1 and fenmint2 and coriander in wine or in ale,
strain it, apply to the ear. For the same, take hen
grease, melt it, and then apply it lukewarm to the
ear, drip it on it. For the same, take oil, take also
goose grease, pour into the ear, then the sore departs.

3. For the same, take juice of henbane, make it
lukewarm, and then drip it on the ear ; then the sore
stilleth.

4. For the same, take garlic and onion and goose
fat* melt them together, squeeze them on the ear.

5. For the same, take emmets eggs, crush them,
squeeze them on the ear. For sore of ears, take goats
gall, drip it on the ear ; mingle, if thou will, cows milk
with it. For deafness of ears, take neats gall mixed
with goats stale, drip it, when made lukewarm, on the
ear.

6. For the same, if the ears have a tendency to
grow deaf, or if the hearing be ill, take boars gall,
bulls gall, bucks gall, mix equal quantities of all with
honey, drip this on the ear.

7. For the same, if one have ill hearing, mingle juice
of ivy, that which runneth by the earth, the cleanest
juice, with wine ; drip it into the ear.

8. Again, drip into the ear juice of ribwort and oil
made lukewarm, mingled together, it wonderfully
healeth. For the same, take rams gall, with urine of

Cynoglossum officinale. '2 M. silvestris.

42

LjECE boc.

Cf. Marcell.

284, g.

Cf. Marcell.

285, a.

Marcellus,
282, d.

fol. 16 a.

inep geallan mib hip pelpef nihtneptigep migo]?an je-
menje pi3 butepan geot on eape. 6pt pi]> J?on llcan
hnutbeamep pmbe feap jepleceb bpype on eape. :•

pip Son llcan genim celenbpan feap gpenpe menj
pi]? pipep meoluc *j hunijep bpopan *j pmep gepleht
tofamne. ViJ? eapena abeapunge ept ellencpoppan ge-
tpipulab f feap ppmg on f eape. 6pu pi]? }?on llcan
jenlm eopopep jeallan • «j peappef *j buccan menj pi]?
hunij o]?]?e on ele ppmj on eape.

Gpt yih ]?on llcan jentm gpenne sepcenne fcsep lege
on pyp genim J^onne f peap ]>e liim op jse]? bo on j?a
llcan pulle pninj on eape ^ mib J?8epe llcan pulle pop-
ftoppa ]?86t eape. :•

Pi]? f lice ept jenim semetan hopf *j cpopleac y
neo]?opeapbe ellenpmbe oJ?J>e beolonan *j ele jecnupa to
Somne pypme on fcille bo ponne on eape ]?apa peabena
semetena hopf • genim ]?onne psebic *j eceb cnupa to
Somne ppmg on f eape. jip pypmaf on eapan fyn
^entm eopft jeallan jpenep feap • o]?J>e hunan peap •
oj?]?e pepmobep peap fpilc ]?apa an fpa J?u pille geot f
feap on fy eape J> tihS J?one pypm ut. Pypc fealpe
jecnupa fmjzullan *j leoj^opypt1 <j po^ jebo J>onne on
jlsep pset mib ecebe *j ]?uph cla'5 appmg bpype on f
eape. pij? }>on jip eapan bynien • geriim ele bo on mib
eopocijpe pulle <j popbytte f eape mib J?8epe pulle ]?onne
J>u plapan pille <j bo ept op J?onne ]?u onpsecne. :•

1 Read leaJ>oppypt.

LEECH BOOK. 1.

43

the patient himself after a, nights fasting, mix with
butter and pour into the ear. Again for the same,
drip into the ear juice of the rind of a nut tree made
lukewarm.

9. For the same, mix with womans milk juice of
green coriander, and a drop of honey and of wine,
warmed together. For deafening of the ears again, try
alder1 bunches triturated, wring out the juice into the
ear. Again for the same, take boars gall and bullocks
and bucks, mingle with honey or in oil, wring into
the ear.

10. Again for the same, take a green ashen staff,
lay it on the fire, then take the juice that issues from
it, put it on the same wool, wring into the ear, and
stop up the ear with the same wool.

11. For the same, take emmets horses2 and cropleek3
and the lower part of alder rind or henbane and oil,
pound them together, warm in a shell, then introduce
into the ear the red emmets horses ; than take radish
and vinegar, pound them together, and wring into the
ear. If there be insects in ears, take juice of green
earthgall,4 or juice of Aorehound, or juice of worm-
wood, whatsoever of these thou may est wish, pour
the juice into the ear, that draweth the worm out.
Work a salve thus; pound sinfull5 and latherwortG
and leek, then place them in a glass vessel with vine-
gar, and wring through a cloth, drip the moisture on
the ear. In case that there is a dinning in the ears ;
take oil, apply it with ewes wool, and close up the
ear with the wool, when thou wilt sleep, and remove
it again when thou awakest.

Book I.
Ch. iii.

1 Sambucus nigra.

2 This talk of " emmets horses "
is merely a misunderstanding of the
liriro/jLvp/uLriKes of Aristoteles. Hist.
Anim. viii. 27. The translation by
Plinius, "formica? pennatae," that
is, male ants, is commonly ac-

cepted as true, of course, but it is
both philologically and physically
unsatisfactory.

3 Allium sativum.

4 Eryihrcea centaureum.

5 One of the sedum tribe, or all.
,! Saponaria officinalis.

44

LiECE BOC.

Gpt pi J; J?on llcan pep mob zefobenne on paetepe on
niptim cytele bo op heopSe laet peccan J>one fteam on
f eape *j popbytte mib ]?a3pe pypte fi]?J?an hit mzexan
pie. pij> eappicjan • jenlin $ micle jpeate pmbel fcpeap
tpyecje J> on popjnum pixS ceop on ^ eape he bi$ op
pona.

.nil.

Alex, Trail,
lib. iv.

fol. 16 b.

Marcellus,
306, a.

Marcellus,
306, b.

Marcellus,
306, b.

Marcellus,
306, a.

fol. 17 a.

^secebomap yrS healfgunbe <j peep tacn hp9e]?ep he
hit fie • *j eac pr<5 gealhfpile <j J>potan • *j papenbe • pi]?
fpeopcope • xiiii. cpaeptaf.

J7iJ? healpgunbe J?onne sepeft onpnne pe healpjunb
pefan fmipe lime pona mib hpy]?epef o\>)>e fprSofu mib
oxan jeallan f lp acunnob ymb peapa niht biS hal.
Tip ]?u polbe pitan hpsej^ep ]? healp gnnb fie • geriim
angeltpseccean jehalne leje on J?a ftope ]?8ep hit aj>pnten
fie «j beppeoh psefte upan mib ]eaptim • jip hit healp-
junb br8 fe pypm pyp$ to eop]?an • jip hit ne bij? he
bi]? jehal. 6ft y\)> healp junbe genlm celenbep -j beana
tojsebepe jefobene *j aleje on Sona topepe)?. Gpt lsece-
bom pi)? ]?on llcan jemm psetephaepepn xebeepnebne ^
}>onne jejniben fmale <j pij? hunij jemenjeb <j on xebon
Sona biS pel. pi]? J?on llcan ept ^albanum hatue
fuj?epne ]?ypt leze J?a on J?one fpeoppsepc • J?onne atihS
hio mib ealle j?a yjzelan psetan uu ^ J?one xunb.

]?i]? ]?on llcan ept bepen melo «j hluttop ptc -j peax •
*j ele menj tofomne feo]? bo cnihtef oJ>J?e cilbep mije-
}>an to to onlegene bo on ]?one junb. prS healp zunbe

1 Cf. Galen, vol. x. p. 881, ed. 1825.

LEECH BOOK. T. 45

12. Again for the same, try wormwood sodden in Book I.
water in a new kettle, remove it from the hearth, let ^n* lv>
the steam reek upon the ear, and when the application1
has gone in, close up the ear with the wort. Against
earwigs, take the mickle great windlestraw2 with two
edges, which waxeth in highways, chew it into the
ear, he, the insect, will soon be off.

IV.

Leechdoms against a purulent humour in the neck,
and tokens of it, whether it be such, and also for
swellings in the jowl and throat and weasand, and
against quinsy. Fourteen receipts.

2. Against a purulencea in the neck, when first the a Struma, Mar-
neck ratten begins to exist, smear it soon with gall of ce us'

a beeve, or best of an ox ; it is a tried remedy ; in a

few nights he will be whole. If thou wouldst know

whether it be neck purulence,b take an earthworm b A strumous

entire, lay it on the place where the annoyance is, and

wrap up fast above with leaves ; if it be neck ratten

the worm turn'eth to earth, if it be not, he, the

patient, will be whole. Again for neck ratten, take

coriander and beans sodden together, and lay on, soon

it removes the disease. Again, a leechdom for the

same, take a water crab burnt and then rubbed small

and mingled with honey and done on, or applied,

soon he will be well. For the same again, a southern

wort has been called galbanum, lay it on the neck

pain, then it draweth altogether out the evil wet or

humour and the ratten.

3. For the same again, mingle together bere or
barley meal and clear pitch c and wax and oil, seethe c Resin.
this, add a boys or a childs mie, make into an ex-
ternal application on the matter. For ratten in the

1 It ; the application, because - Cynosurus cristatus, some ;

rteam is masculine. j Agrostis spica venti, some.

40 L^ECE BOC.

ept psejie neaban netelan pypttpuman gepobenne on
ecebe *j jebeatenne *j on peaxhlapep pipan on aleb • jtp
pe gunb bip ponne onpnnenbe fio pealp lime tobpipp •
jip he bip ealb hio lime ontynS *j fpa aftihS f ypel
uu op f he hal bio\ :•

Gpt pip pon mani^pealb tacn *j lsecebom piS healp-
gunbe oppe jeajlfpile ] oftSe ppotan oppe papenbe • Sio
abl tp tpegea cynna. Opep if on pam jeajle *j ponne
mon pone mup ontynS bip gehprepep jefpollen *j bip peab
ymb pa hpsectunTa • *j ne msej fe man epelice epian
ac bip afmojiob • ne msej eac naht popfpelgan ne pel
fpjiecan ne fcemne nsepp • ne br<5 peop abl hpsepepe to
ppecne. Open tp ponne on pgepe pnotan bip fpyle *j
lypfen fe ne msej naht gecpepan *j bi$ pe fpile je on
pam fpeopan ge on psepe tungan • ne maex, fe man pel
epian • ne pone fpeopan on ceppan • ne hip heapob
pop$ on hylban f he hif napolan gefeon nuege • *j
fol. 17 b. butan hip man papop tihje he bip ymb ppeo niht

xepapen. Tip fie psepe able bpyne Innan peep fcpang
f mon ne mseje utan gefeon fio bip Sy ppecenpe.
Tip ponne fie2 on jehpsepepe healpe pa ceacan afpollen
•j fio ppotu «j pu pa tacn gefeo ponne fona la3t pu
him blob on asbpe • pp pu f puphteon ne maBie
fceappa him pa pcancan f htm beah. :>

Sele htm fceappne pyptbpenc pyjme him metef aaptep
pon bepmb pone fpeopan *j lege on lsecebomaf pa pe
utteon pa ypelan psetan y past fan ponne bip psep pyppe
pen. Pypc him pa pealpe jentm fpmep piyfle Tefmype
ane bpabe pannan Innepeapbe mib pam jiypele pyl ponne
peopp Tofe fceapn to on pa pannan <j geplece -j ponne
hit fy gemylt bo ponne on lmenne claS le^e on f pap <j
befpepe bo f pel opt on on baex, • «j bip fpa betepe fpa

1 Sea5lfpi)>e, MS. i 2 Read fien.

LEECH BOOK. I. 47

neck again, use a root of the red nettle sodden in Book I.
vinegar and beaten, laid on in the manner of a cake • 1V'

of wax; if the matter be then beginning, the salve
driveth it away ; if it be old it openeth it, and so the
evil riseth out till he be hale.

4. Again for that, a manifold token and a leech dom
for the neck ratten or jowl swelling or swelling of the
throat or weasand. The disease is of two kinds ; the
one is in the jowl, and when one openeth the mouth
it is both swollen and is red about the uvula ; and
the man can not easily breathe, but will be smothered ;
he can not also swallow aught nor speak well, nor
hath he voice ; this disorder, however, is not dangerous.
Another sort is when there is a swelling in the throat
and purulence, he, the patient, may not speak aught?
and the swelling is both on the neck and on the tongue ;
the man can not well breathe, nor turn his neck nor
lean forward his head so that he may see his navel;
and except one attend to him somewhat speedily, in
about three days he will be deceased. If the burning
of the disease within be strong, yet there are no
external signs of it, it is so much the more dangerous.
If then on either side the jaws be swollen and the
throat, and thou see the tokens, then soon let thou
him blood on a vein ; if thou may not carry that
through, scarify for him his shanks, that doth him
good.

5. Give him a sharp wort drink, warn him off meat,
after that bandage the neck, and lay on leechdoms
which may draw out the evil humour and the sore,
there will be then hope of recovery. Work him the
salve thus; take swines fat, smear the inside of a
broad pan with the fat, boil up, then cast goose sharn
into the pan, and make lukewarm, and when it be
melted then put it on a linen cloth, lay it on the
sore, and swathe up, apply that pretty often in a day,
and it will be the better the oftener thou renewest

48 L^CE BOC.

]?u optop ebnipafu )?a pealpe *j optop onlejefu fio tihS
•j? ypel ut.

Pi]? healpjunbe jeriim peax -j ele jemeng pi}? popan
blofcman ^ gemelt to^sebepe bo J?sep on. pi]? fpeop-
fol. 18 a. co]?e pypc on lecgenbe pealpe • jeriim peappep jelynbo

*j bepan fmepu *j peax ealjia em pela pypc to fealpe
a Alex. Trail., fmipe mib. a6pt pi]? J?on llcan gip ]?u pmbe hpitne
Paul.' JEgin. hunbep ]?oft abpige J?one «j gegnib *j afypt <j jehealb f
m' 27' pi]? J?sepe fpeopco)?e -j J?onne ]?eapp pie menj pi]? hunij

fmipe ]?one fpeopan mib f bi]? fupanj pealp *j job piS
fpelcpe ablapunje ^ bpunej?an *j pi]? ]?apa ceacna je-
fpelle o$$e afmopunge • fceal ]?eah fe hunb ban jna^an
sep • ]?y bi]? fe J?oft hpit *j micel pp \>u lime nimeft *j
jabepaft set pylne 1 J?onne ne bij? he to unfpete to
jefcmcanne • ]?onne pceal mon J?one jeajl eac fpillan
gelome on ]?a3pe able • *j fpoljettan eceb pi]? pealt je-
menjeb. 6pt pipleapan feapep J?py bollan pulle lytic
pceal popcuuolfcan. Pi]? fpeopcooe ept japleac jejniben
on eceb J> ]?e fie pi]? psetep jemenjeb fpille J?one geajl mib
]?y. pi]? fpeojico]?e ept pijep feopo]?a feo]? on jefpettum
fol. is b. psetepe fpille ]?a ceolan mib J»y pp pe fpeopa pap pie

pyn eac }?a fpillmga hpilum hate J?onne lp eac to ]?ippe
able jepet f mon unbep ]?a3pe tungan laate blob o]?)?e op
eapme «j on mopgen on fppenje • pp hit ]?onne cmht
fie last on ]?am fpeopan • <j on paepe able lp to pop-
py pnanne pmep «j plaspcep fpi]?opu ]>y lsep fio ceole fie
af pollen. :•

.V.

Pi]? J?on jip mannep muS pap fie jeriim betonican -j
jetpipula lege on ]?a peolope. To mu5 pealpe *j to

Read yylle. In Lye pllen, omentum, is an error for rylmen.

LEECH BOOK. I. 49

the salve and the oftener thou layest on. It will Book I.
draw the evil out.

6. For matter in the neck, take wax and oil, mingle
with rose blossoms and melt together, put this thereon.
For swerecothe or quinsy, work an onlaying salve.
Take suet of bull and grease of bear, and wax, even
quantities of all, work to a salve, smear with it.
Again for the same, if thou find a white thosta of*Album
hound, dry it and rub it, and sift it, and hold it
against the swerecothe, and when need be mingle with
honey, smear the neck with it, that is a strong salve
and good for such up blowing or inflation and brunella,1
and for swelling of the jaws, or smothering. The
hound must gnaw a bone ere he droppeth the thost,
then will the thost be white and mickle ; if thou
takest and gatherest it at the fall, then it is not too
unsweet of smell ; one shall further often also swill
the jowl in this disease, and swallow vinegar mingled
with salt. Again, he shall swallow down three bowls
of the juice of cinquefoil, little ones. For swerecothe
or quinsy again, use garlic rubbed in vinegar which
be mingled with water, swill the jowl with that. For
quinsy, again, seethe the siftings of rye on sweetened
water, swill the gullet with it, if the swere be sore,
let the swillings also be whilom hot. Besides it is
also laid down for this disease, that blood be let under
the tongue or from an arm, and on the morrow apply
a clyster. Further if it be a boy, let (blood) on the
neck ; and in this disease it is well to warn off (the
sick) from wine, and specially from flesh meat, lest
the gullet be swollen.

v.

In case that a mans mouth be sore, take betony
and triturate it, lay it on the lips. For a mouth

1 A disease resembling diphtheria ; otherwise, Prima.
VOL. II. D

50 LMCE BOO.

jeblegenabpe tunjan ptpleape • *j bpembel leap pyl on
paetepe hapa lange on muSe »j jelome. gip monnep
onaS fie pul jenim bepen mela 50b • *j clasne hunig <j
hpit pealt gemenj eall tofomne *j gnib ]?a tej> mib
fpiSe *j gelome. :•

.VI.

Lsecebomap pi]? to$ psejice *j pi)? pypmtim ge pi]? J?am
upepan toSece je pi J? J^am1 ni]?epan. :

3 Herbar. Pi]? to]? psepce »a betonican feoS on pine oj? ]?pibban

bsel fpile J?onne geonb ]?one mii5 lange hpile. :•

P18 toj? paapce gip pyjim ete • genlm ealb holen leap
fol. 19 a. *j heopot cpop neo]?epeapbne -j paluian upepeapbe bepyl

tpy baal on psetpe geot on bollan *j geona ymb J?onne
peallaS ]?a pj^pmap on J?one bollan* gip pypm ete ]?a
tel8 genim open jeape holen jimbe *j eopon ]?potan
mopan pel on fpa hatum2 hapa on mufe fpa hat fpa
}>u hatoft maage. pi)? toft pypmum jenim ac mela *j
beolonan pseb <j peax ealjia em pela meng tosomne
pypc to peax canbelle • <j bsepn last peocan on J?one
muS bo bl?ec hpeejl unbep j?onne peallaj? J?a pypmap
on. :•

PiS to]? psepce jebsepn hpit pealt *j japleac bepec on
jlebum jebpaab *j bepenb <j pipop *j ftpselpypt jejnib
eal tofomne lege on. :

Pi]? to)? psepce hpepnep pot pel on pine neo)?opeapbne
oSSe on ecebe pup fpa 3u hatoft maeje. pi]? toSpaepce

pit>u, MS. j - hatum psetjxe ?

LEECH BOOK. T. 51

salve and for a blained tongue, boil in water fiveleaf, Book I.
that is, cinquefoil, and bramble leaves, have it long in
the mouth and frequently. If a mans breath be foul,
take good barley meal and clean honey and white
salt,1 mingle all together, and rub the teeth with it
much and frequently.

vi.

1. Leechdoms for sharp pain in the teeth and for
worms, either for the upper tooth ache or for the
nether.

2. For tooth wark, seethe be tony in wine to the
third part, then swill the mouth thoroughly for a long
while.

3. For tooth wark, if a worm eat the tooth, take au
old holly leaf and one of the lower umbels of hart-
wort,2 and the upward part of sage, boil two doles3
in water, pour into a bowl and yawn over it, then the
worms shall fall into the bowl. If a worm eat the
teeth, take holly rind over a year old, and root of
carline thistle, boil in so hot water ? hold in the mouth
as hot as thou hottest may. For tooth worms, take
acorn meal and henbane seed and wax, of all equally
much, mingle these together, work into a wax candle,
and burn it, let it reek into the mouth, put a black
cloth under, then will the worms fall on it.

4. For tooth wark, burn white salt and garlic,
make them smoke on gledes, roast and tear to pieces,
and add pepper and clubmoss, rub all together and
lay on.

5. For tooth wark, boil in wine or in vinegar the
netherward part of ravens foot,4 sup as thou hottest
may. For tooth wark, bray together to dust rind

1 That is, the best, purest salt.

2 Seseli ; perhaps, however, Hart-
bramble, Rhamnus, may be meant.

3 That is, two of worts to one of
water.

1 Ranunculus ficaria.

H 2

52

LiECE BOC.

fol. 19 b.

Marcellus,
296, h.

hnutbeamep pmbe *j j;opn pmbe ^ecnua to bufte abpij
on pannan fniS utan J?a tej? pceab on gelome. :•

pypc J?up to]?pealpe opeppsepifc pmb *j hunig *j pipop
menj tosomne lege on • pypc eac pealpe op penpypte
on j?a llcan pipan. :•

PiJ? pam upepan to]?ece jenim pij^opmban leap appmj
on }»a nofu. pij> J?am nfbepan tobece plit mib be
po]?opne o]> pset hie bleben. :•

6pt jentm elmep pmbe gebsepn to ahfan jemeng J?a
ahpan pij> psetep *j afeoh hapa J?set psetep lange on
mu]?e. Gpt geriim ^eappan ceop fpi}>e.

Herbar.
Apul. i. 13.

.VII.

jip mon blobe hpaBce genim betonican fpilce fpa
.III. penegaf jepejen ge^nib on jaBte meolc pele bpy
bagaf bpy bollan pulle to bpmcanne. :•

fol. 20 a.

.VIII.

Pib blsece on *jphtan pyl to baBbe pencepfan -j neo-
]?opeapbne fecj • aBpcpmbe eappan pyl on paBtepe lanje
bebe mib.

To pealpe pib blaBce on ^jplitan • omppan neobopeapbe
ba J?e fpimme bo pealt to *j plietan *j aB£. bpip pi]?
blsece on *jplitan gemelte ealb fpic bpip on J?on • bo
gejpunbenne pipop on • <j cpopleac hpsetenep melpep
tpy bsel fpilce J?sep pipopep apyl hpaBt hpega • genim
J>sep J?peo fnasba gepeft a3ptep peapme. pi$ blaBce
jeriim heopotep hopn jebsepn to ahpan -j fpepl <j ge-
baspneb pealt «j pic to ahfan <j fpa oftep pcella *j ge-
cnupa omppan fmale <j jemenj eall to bpipe *j fmipe

LEECH BOOK. 1.

DO

of nut tree and thorn rind, dry then in a pan, cut l the
teeth on the outside, shed on frequently.

6. Work a tooth salve thus, mingle together oversea
rind2 and honey and pepper, lay on. Work also a
salve of wenwort in the same wise.

7. For the upper tooth ache, take leaves of withe-
wind, wring them on the nose. For the nether tooth
ache, slit with the tenaculum, till they bleed.

8. Again, take elms rind, burn to ashes, mingle the
ashes with water and strain, hold the water long in
the mouth. Again, take yarrow, chew it much.

vii.

1. If a man break up blood, take as much betony
as three pennies weigh, rub in goats milk, give for three
days three bowls full to drink.

viii.

1. For a blotch on the face, boil for a bath fencress3
and the nether ward part of sedge,4 ash rind, tares,
boil long in water, bathe therewith.

2. For a salve against a blotch in the face, use the
netherward part of dock, which will swim,5 add to it
salt and curds and egg. A brewit for a blotch on the
face, melt old lard, on that a brewit, add ground pep-
per, and cropleek,6 two doles of wheaten meal as well
as of the pepper, boil a little, take of it three slices,
after that go to bed and get warm. For a blotch, take
harts horn, burn to ashes, and sulfur, and burnt salt
and pitch burnt to ashes, and so oyster shells, and
beat sorrel7 small, and mingle all into a brewit, smear

Book I.
Ch. vi.

1 By Sect. 7, it appears by teb is
meant the gums, toj>jieoman.

2 Cinnamon.

3 Nasturtium officinale.
1 Carex.

5 This seems by Gerarde to be
duckweed, Lemna.
0 Allium sativum.
7 Rumex Acetosa.

54

L^ECE BOC.

nub. 6pt pealp pel on a]?ybum fceapep fmepupe hgej-
]?opnep bloftman *j ]?a fmalan fmjpenan <j pubupopan
meng ];onne hpitcpubu pij> *j hpon bntepan.

.vim.

Cf. Marcell.
290, c.

fol. 20 b.

Tip men ypne blob op nebbe to fpioe genlm gpene
betomcan <j puban jecnupa on eceb geppmj toibmne
fpilce pie an plah fcing on ]?a nofu. blob peten bifceop
pypt nio]?opeapbe ete o<5oe on meolce bpmce. Blob
feten ept genlm hegeclipan gebinbe on fpeopan.

blob feten ept fpping pypt bo on eape. :•

Blob peten ept pegbpseban bo on eape. :•

blob peten ept gehal bepen eap beftmje on eape
fpa he nyte. Sume J?ip ppitaS *}• ^jpy11 * ^bon • ftjiuth •
pola ajijjienn • tajit • fcputh • on • tpia • enn • piath •
liathu • moppana • on heel + apa • capn • leou • gpoth •
peopn • m • ppil • cponbi • p • |X| • nipo • cpon • eepcpio •
epmio • aeR • leNo • je hopfe x,e men blob feten. :•

.x.

Pi]? geihote «j gepofum • genlm oxna lyb m)?epeapb
gecnupa pel piS pgetpe • pp hio fie jpene ne bo J?u
]?8ep psetep to pjiinj ]?onne on f neb. :•

Marcellus,
291, e.

.XL

pjj> papum peolopum gefmipe mib hunige J?a peolopap
genlm J>onne sejeppelman bepceab mib pipope lege on. :•

.XII.

1 J7iJ? pouum muj?e jenlm omppan <j ealbne fpmef
pyple pypc to pealpe fete on J>one pon2 bael. pij> ceo] an

1 Kvvikos cnraffnos.

- ]>on, here is a contraction of pohan, pogan.

LEECH BOOK. I. 55

therewith. Again, a salve, boil in pressed sheeps grease, Book I.
hawthorns blossoms, and the small stonecrop and wood-
roffe, then mingle mastic therewith and a little butter.

IX.

1. If blood run from a mans nose too much, take
green be tony and rue, pound them in vinegar, twist
them together like as it might be a sloe, poke it into
the nose. A blood stopper; eat the netherward part
of bishopwort or drink it in milk. To stop blood
again, take hedge cleavers, bind it on the neck.

2. As a blood stancher again, put springwort1 into
the ear.

3. To stop blood again, put waybroad2 into the ear.

4. To stop blood again, poke into the ear a whole
ear of bere or barley ; so he be unaware of it. Some

write this : either for horse or

man, a blood stancher.

x.

For snot and poses or catarrhs; take the nether-
ward part of stinking hellebore,3 pound it well with
water ; if it be green do not apply water to it, then
wring on the nose. •

xi.

For sore lips, smear the lips with honey, then take
film of egg, scatter it with pepper, and lay on.

xii.

For distorted mouth, take dock and old swines
grease, work to a salve, set on the wry part. For
swelling of gullet, for that, everfern4 also shall come

1 Euforbia lathy r is. J { Helleborus viridis.

2 Plantago maior. l Polypodium vulgare.

5(5 LiECE BOC.

fpile pi]? J?on pceal eop oppeapn eac fpa *j 5yJ?pipan pyl
on meolce flip ponne *j gebe]?e mib. pi]? ceolan fpile
bipceop pypt ateplaoe m^epeapbe *j clatan pyl on
ealaS. :•

,XIII.

pio hsep pceapbe hpit cpubu gecnupa fpioe finale

bo 335 ep f hpite to «j meng fpa pu befc teapop 6n-

foL 21 a. fniS mib peaxfe feopa mib feolce psefte fmipe mib ]?onne

mib ]?8epe pealpe utan <j mnan sep pe feoloc potige •

pp tofomne teo pece mib hanba fmipe ept pona. :

.XIIII.

Pi]? pea^an • jiecelp lytel fpepl fpeglef aeppel peax
gmgipep ]?uph hopn bpmce • hunan hapocpypt on
hluttpum ealoS. :•

.xv.

Alex. Trail. * Pij? hpof ran hu he mippenlice on mon becume *j hu

hip mon tilian fcyle. Se hpofta hsep^S mamjpealbne
tocyme fpa ]?a fpatl beo^S mippenlicu • hpilum cymS
op ungemetpgeptpe hseto • hpilum op unjemetpseptum
cyle • ftpilum op ungemetlicpe bpigneppe.

Pypc bpenc pi]? hpoftan • jenim mucgpypt feo]? on
c}^pepenum citele «j pyl o]? f hio2 fie fpi]?e ]?icce • *j hio2
fie op hpsetenum mealte gepopht jemm ]?onne eopop-
peapnef maept bifceop pypt • limb heolooan • bpeopje
bpoftlan fmjpenan bo to eall on pset fele bpmcan mib-

fol. 21 b. belbajum *j popja pup *j fealtep jehpaet. pi]? hpoftan

1 B7j£. I - Read he.

LEECH BOOK. I.

57

into use, and boil cockle in milk, them sup some and
bathe with it. For swelling of gullet, boil in ale
bishopwort, the netherward part of attorlothe, and
burdock.

Book I.
Ch. xii.

Xlll.

For hair lip, pound mastic very small, add the white
of an egg, and mingle as thou dost verinillion, cut
with a knife the false edges of the lip, sew fast witli
silk, then smear without and within with the salve,
ere the silk rot. If it draw together, arrange it with
the hand ; anoint again soon.

xiv.

For watery congestions1 called K\v8u)veg, a little
incense, some sulfur, beetle nut, wax, ginger ; let the
patient drink through a horn /torehound and hawkwort2
in clear ale.

xv.

For host or cough, how variously it comes upon a
man, and how a man should treat it. The host hatli
a manifold access, as the spittles are various. Whilom
it cometh of immoderate heat, whilom of immoderate
cold, whilom of immoderate dryness.

2. Work thus a drink against couo-h. Take mugwort,3
seethe it in a copper kettle, and boil till it4 be very
thick, and let it4 be wrought of wheaten malt ; then
take of everfern most, bishopwort, water agrimony,5
pennyroyal,6 singreen,7 set all in a vat, give to drink
at the middays, and forego what is sour and every-

1 BpoyxoK-ftXr], perhaps.

2 Hieracium.

3 Artemisia vulgaris.

* The gender of the pronoun
makes it refer to the wort, whereas

the process seems to require a mas-
culine, referring to the potion.
3 Eupatorium cannabinum.

6 Mentha pulegium.

7 Sempervivum tectorum.

58 LiECE BOC.

ept • geiiim hunan feoft on peetepe fele fpa peapme
bpmcan. :•

6pt ^emm clippypt fume men hataft poxep clipe
fume eapypt • *j hio py ^epopht opeji mibne fumop
feo]? J?a on psetepe oj? ^ bpibban1 ba?l J?8ep popep op fie
pele bpmcan J?pipa on bgeg.

PiS hpoftan ept jeriim fsemmtan pyl on eala]? pele
bpmcan. 6pt jenim fppacen bepmbpeb pyl on ealaS
pele bpmcan.

6pt jeD[i]m hopan geappan peabe netelan pyl on
meolce. Gpt gentm pi]? hpoftan *j pi]? angbpeofte pla-
pian jobne bsel bo bollan pulne pmep to bepyl ])pibban
bsel on ]?a pypte fupe on nilit neptig. :•

6pt jenim mapubian pyl on ealaS bo pipop on.
6pt pi]? anjbpeofte jip men fie bpije hpofta • jeriim
fpicep fnsebe ]?ynne lege on hatne ftan fceab cymeb on
fete hopn on bpmce ]?onne fmic. :•

pi]? bpipim hpoftan ept genlm eolonan *j galluc ete
on hunijep teape. :•

fol. 22 a. .XVI.

Pi]? bjieoft psepce jenim ]?a lytlan culmillan <j cymeb
pyl on hluttptim eala]? fupe *j bpmce. Gpt jeriim
bpeopje bpoftlan <j jyj^pipan kyncean pelle on hlut-
tpum ealaS bpmce fcenc pulne on neaht neptij. :•

pyl on ealaS pi}? )?on llcan pmul mapubian betonican
<j bpmce. pi]? bpeoft paepce getiim puban • hunan <j

Read Spibban = ftjnbba.

LEECH BOOK. I. 51)

thing salt. Again for host, take horehound, seethe in Book L
water, administer it so warm to drink.

3. Again, take cliffwort,1 some men call it foxes cliff,
some riverwort, and let it be wrought past midsummer,
seethe it in water till the third part of the wash be
off, give it thrice a day to be drunk.

4. For host again, take sea mint, boil it in ale,
give to drink. Again, take black alder rendered and
purified, boil it in ale, give it to be drunk.

5. Again, take hove,2 yarrow, red nettle,3 boil them
in milk. Again, take against host and against breast
anguish,4 a good portion of slary,5 add a bowl full of
wine, boil away a third part on the wort ; let the
patient sup it at night fasting.

6. Again, take marrubium, boil it in ale, add pepper.
Again, for breast anguish, if a man have a dry host,
take a thin slice of lard, lay it on a hot stone, shed
cummin on it, set it on a horn,6 let the patient drink
in the smoke.

7. For a dry cough again, take elecampane and
comfrey ; let the patient eat them in virgin honey.

xvi.

1. For acute pain in the breast, take the little
centaury and cummin, boil in clear ale, let the patient
sip and drink. Again, take pennyroyal and cockle,
artichoke, let him boil in clear ale, let him drink a
cup full at night fasting.

2. Boil in ale for the same, fennel, marrubium,
betony, and let the patient drink. For pain in the
breast, take rue, /wrehound and abrotanon,7 rub to-

1 Arctium lappa.

- Glechoma hederacea.

3 Lamium purpureum.

1 Angina pectoris seems too

5 Salvia sclarea.

GLye understands cj'meb as
Xapaifyvs, germander, going by the
syllables.

limited. 7 Artemisia abrotanon.

60 L^CE BOC.

appotanan jegnib toSomne fmsele on moptepe meng
pi$ humj «j ]?py bajaf a?lce bgej aep mete J?pie cuclep
pnlle gepicge.

. XVII.

Pi]? heopt psepce pnban gelm feo]? on ele ■j bo alpan
ane yntfan to fmipe mib ]?y ]? fuiIS J?am fape. pi]?
heopt ece gip htm on Innan heapb heopt psepc fie
J?onne htm pyx]? pmb on J?a?pe heoptan *j hine pegeS
J?upft *j bi]? nnmehtijlic. :•

Pypc him ]?onne ftan basft *j on ]?am ete fu]?epne

psebic mib pealte ]?y ma3£ pefan fio punb gehseleb.

fol. 22 b. pi]? heopot ece ept gentm ;z;ij?pipan feoj? on meolce pele

bpmcan • vi. bajaf. :•

6ft nio]?epeapb epoppeapn £y)?pipan • pegbpsefban]
pyl topomne pele bpmcan. pi$ hiopot ece ept jenim
pipop • *j cymen • *j coft gegnib on beo^ o]?]?e on
psetpe pele bpmcan. :•

.XVIII.

Paul. ^Egineta, JOponan ye micla geoxa cume o]?]?e hu hii' mon

Ai56 T n tlcan pcule. Se cymS op ]?am fpi'Se acoloban majan •

vii. 15. o]?]?e op ]?am to CpiSe ahatoban • o8$e op to micelpe

Avynds. pylle • o]?]?e op to micelpe laepneppe * oSSe op ypelum

paatan • plitenbum <j fceoppenbmn ]?one magan • jip

]?onne fe peoca man ]?uph fpipebpenc afpip$ ]>one ypelan

bitenban psetan on peg • )?onne popftent pe jeohfa • fpipe

pa beah ]?am monnum ]?e po^ pylle phfa phlrS oftSe

pop]?on ]?e hie iNnan pcyppS y eac pe geohfa pe ];e op

]?a3p ypelan psetan micelnyppe cymS ha3pS ]?eappe fpip-

bpmcef • pe pypcS micelne pnopan eac 'j fe hine bet •

ponne pe geohfa op psepe lblan pambe cym$ *j op ]?a3pe

LEECH BOOK. I. 61

gether small in a mortar, mingle with honey, and for Book I.
three days, every day before meat, let the patient take Ch- xvi-
three spoons full.

xvii.

For pain in the heart, seethe a handful of rue in
oil, and add an ounce of aloes, rub the body with that,
it stilleth the sore. For heart ache, if there be to him
within, a hard heart wark, then wind waxeth in the
heart for him, and thirst vexes him and he is languid.

2. Work him then a stone bath, and in that let
him eat southern radish1 with salt, by that the wound
may be healed. For heart ache again, take githrife,
seethe it in milk, give to drink for six days.

3. Again, boil together the netherward part of ever-
fern, githrife, and waybroad ; give to drink. For heart
ache again, take pepper and cummin and costmary, rub
them into beer, or into water, administer to drink.

xviii.

We here explain whence the mickle hicket2 cometh,
and how a man should treat it. It cometh from the
very chilled maw, or from the too much heated maw, or
from too mickle fulness, or of too mickle leerness, that
is emptiness, or of evil wet or humour rending and
scarifying the maw. If then the sick man by a spew
drink speweth away the evil biting wet, then the
hicket abateth. A spew then is good for the men
whom hicket teareth for fulness, or in case it scarifieth
them within ; and also the hicket which cometh of the
mickleness of the evil wet or humour, hath need of a
spew drink, which eke worketh mickle sneezing, and
amendeth the sick. When the hicket cometh of the

1 Rhafanus sativa.

2 Holland and old writers spell Hicket, the moderns " hiccup," " hie-
" cough."

02

L/ECE BOO.

fol. 23 a. gelaepan ne bet ]?one fe pnopa. £ip fe geohfa op cile

cume )?onne fceal mon mib pypmenbum ]?m;j;um lacnian
fpile fpa pipop lp *j oppa pepmenba pypta o]?]?e puban
jegnibe mon optn T pelle bpincan • oJ?]?e mepcef p?eb
mib pme2 o)?]?e eceb2 pelle bpmean oSoe rnintan bpoS

Correct cymen, o]?J?e mopan • o$oe cymenef oJ?J?e gmgippan hpilum an-
lepig fpa gepenobe • hpilum ]?a pypta togsebepe gebon
on f pof pelle bpincan • Ttp op hatum psetan ypelum
on ]?one magon gefamnobum fe geohfa cume *j he gepele
]? fe lime mnan fceoppe on ]?one magan • pele him ponne
placu psetep bpincan fpi]?e hat • gebo }?onne pe]?epe on
ele fcmje him jelome on ]?a hjiacan f he mage fpipan*
pele htm pij? geohfan cealb psetep *j eceb bpincan *j
appotanan jejnibene on pme.

from the Hel
lenic.

Cf. Paul.
JEgmet.
lib. iii. 37.
ed. Aid. fol.
43 a. line 35.
Navria.
'Avopc^ia.
fol. 23 b.

.X vim.

Pi J? plaettan J>am men \e hme ne lyfu hip metep ne
h]?ep o$oe on majan tintpum fie • o]?]?e bitepe hpsece .
eop$ jeallan *j pipop bpmce on peapmum paetepe )?py
bollan pulle on niht neptij. 6pt pi]? platunje puban
pepmob bifceop pypt mapubian pyl on ealaS fpi)?e jefpet
mib hunije leohthce • jebpinc fpa hatep fpa J?in blob
fie fcenc pulne bo fpa ]?onne j?e ]?eapp pie. :

.xx.

Pi}? pculbop paapce ealbep fpmep topb J?aep ]?e pelb-
janjenbe fie menj pi$ ealbne nypele jepypme leje on
$ beah y\\ pculbop psepce je pio pib paejice • pr3 breoft
prepce • «j ])ij> lenbenpsepce. 6jzt pyl betonican «j nep-
tan on ealoft pele bpincan gelome *j fimle set pype
jefmijie mib penpypte. 6pt jenim fpmep pceapn psep )>e
on bun lanbe -j pyjitum libbe msenj pi]? ealbne pypele

For on jun.

2 Not the same case.

LEECH BOOK. I. G3

foul wamb and of the ]eer or empty one, the sneezing Book i.
doth not amend it. If the hicket come of chill, then Ch- xvm-
shall a man cure it with warming things, such as
pepper is, and other warming worts, or let one rub
rue and give it in wine to drink ; or give seed of march e
with wine or vinegar, or broth of mint or carrot,3, a ^o-vmv, Gr.
or cummin, or ginger, at times singly and so pre-
pared. At whiles give to drink the worts together
put into the wash. If the hicket come of hot evil
humours collected into the maw, and the sick man
feel that it scarifieth him within in the maw, give
him then lukewarm water to drink " very hot," then
put a feather in oil, poke him frequently in the throat
that he may spew ; give him against hicket cold water
and vinegar to drink, and abrotanon rubbed in wine.

xix.

Against loathing or nausea, for the man who hath
no lust for his meat nor for his cup, or be infirm in
the maw, or hreaketh bitter, as in heartburn, let him
drink earthgall and pepper in warm water, three
bowls full at night fasting. Again for loathing, boil
strongly in ale slightly sweetened with honey, rue,
wormwood, bishopwort, marrubium, drink of this as
hot as thy blood be, a cup full, do so when need be
to thee.

xx.

Against shoulder pain, mingle a tord of an old swine,
which be a fieldgoer, with old lard, warm it, lay it on,
that is good for shoulder pain or for side pain, for
breast wark and for loin wark. Again, boil betony and
nepeta in ale, give to drink frequently, and always
at a fire smear with wenwort. Again, take sharn of
swine, which liveth on the downland and on worts,
mingle with old lard, lay on, and let the patient drink

64

LiECE BOO.

lege on «j bpinc1 betonican on gefpettum pine
pepep habbe bpmce on paetepe.

PF

nAeupn-tr.

fol. 24 a.

Herbar.
Apul. i. 9.

.XXI.

]?ij? piban pape J?8epe ipijqian bogen <j pebic «j hpite
clsepjian pypc uo clame *j to bjience. pi]? J?8epe pinef-
tpan fiban fape pubupipan gecnupa on eceb *j pypc to
clame jebinb on ]?a fiban. 6pt betonican fpilc fpa
]7py penejaf jepejen • *j pipopep feopon «j xx. copna to
Somne jetpipulab • jeot ealbep pmep ]?py bollan pulle
to • *j jeplece pele mhtneptigum bpmcan. Gpt piS
fiban pane puban pr<$ pypele2 jeinengeb <j jebeaten
lecje on J?a fiban ]5 bet. pij? piban pane ept laupep
cpoppan jebeate bjnnce on psetepe *j on J?a fiban
bmbe. 3pi]? fiban fajxe ept canlep pypttpuman jebsepn
to ahfan *j pi]? ealbne pypele jemeng «j aleje on ]?a
piban.

Cf. Herbar.
Apul. i. 10.

Cf. Marcell.
353, c.

fol. 24 b.

.XXII.

Pi|? lenben ece genim betonican fpilce tpejen penejaf
jepejen bo ]?septo fpetep pmep tpejen bollan pulle nienj
pi]? hat paetep pele mhtneptig bpmcan. Gpt genim
^punbe fpeljean gebeat *j f peap pele bpmcan niht-
neptijum.

pi]? lenben ece ealipep hatte pypt jnib on ealaj? <j
bpmce ]?a. pi]? J?on llcan hunbep tunje hatte pypt
jenim )>a leap abpij *j jejnib to melupe jenim bonne
bepen mela jemenj pi]? ]?a pypt *j jebpmj ]?onne on
meolce.

.XXIII.

itrxiaf. pi]? )?eoh ece • fmice mib peapne fpi]?e J?a ]?eoh. Gpt

to bpence • pipop • pm • pealpypt • hunij. Gac to J?on

1 Read bpmce.

2 T77 trrjyavepa, Paul. JEg. and Galen, a preparation of rue.

3 Paul. iEginet, lib. iii. cap. 33.

LEECH BOOK. I. G5

betony in sweetened wine. If he have fever, let him Book I.
drink it in water. Ch. xx.

xxi.

For sore of the right side, work thyme and radish
and white clover to a paste, and to a drink. For sore
of the left side, pound woodroffe in vinegar, and work
it to a paste, bind it on the side. Again, betony as
much as three pennies weigh, and twenty-seven corns
of pepper triturated together ; pour in three bowls full
of old wine, and make lukewarm, give to the patient
after his nights fasting to drink. Again for sore of
side, lay rue mingled with lard and beaten, on the
side ; that amendeth it. For sore of side again, let
him beat bunches of laurel floiver, let him drink them
in water, and bind them on the side. For sore of
side again, burn to ashes roots of colewort, and mingle
with old lard, and lay on the side.

xxii.

For loin ache, take betony, as much as two pennies Lumbago,
weigh, add thereto two bowls full of sweet wine,
mingle with hot water, give it to drink after his
nights fasting, Again, take groundsel, beat it, and give
the juice to drink after his nights fasting.

2. For loin ache, a wort is called ealiver,a rub it in a Erysimum
ale, and let the patient drink it. For the same, a wort ql™J£[
hight hounds tongue, take the leaves, dry them, and
rub them to meal, then mingle with the wort barley
meal, and then apply it in milk.

xxiii.

For thigh ache, smoke the thighs thoroughly with Sciatica,
fern. Again, for a drink, pepper, wine, wallwort, honey ;

VOL. II. E

66 l^:ce boc.

apulbop • popn • sepc • cpicbeam • eopop]?pote 8epcJ?pote •
elone • bipceop pypt • rpig • betonica • pibbe • psebic •
fppacen • pipop • hpit cpubu • coft • pnjipep • momaca •
netle • blmbe netle pipe ]np to bpence. glp ]?eoh
plapan abelp mo]?opeapbne pecg pyl on psetepe lset
peocan on paet ltm fte plape fmipe mib pealpe J?e
mon ]?up pypce. Op fpmep fmeppe • pceapep fmejm •
butepe • fcipteapo • pipon • hpit cpubu • fpeglep seppel •
fpepl • cofc • eceb • ele • hpenpette • psebic • eolene •
bifceop pypt • pealt • sepc • apulbpe • ac » J>opn.

• XXIIII.

]?ij? cneop paepce • pubu peaxe • *j hejejupe jecnupa

]?a tojsebepe *j bo on ealu lset hegean neahtepne pele

him f J?onne bpmcan be]?e mib *j lege on. pi]? pon gip

fol. 25 a. cneop pap fie • jennn pealpypt *j clupfunj • peabe

netlan apyl on pgetepe bej>e mib.

.xxv.

£ip pcancan pape fynb jeriim gijjpipan -j boljpunan •
*j hamop pypt • *j betonican *j ban pypt • ^ lmpypt *j
pubu mepce • ^ eop^geallan • *j bpunpypt peo]> on
butepan fmipe mib : •

Gip1 fcancan pynb popobe mm banpypt jecnupa ^eot
segep f hpite men;*; tofomne fcancpopebum men. ])rS
popebum lime lege J?ap pealpe on ]3 popobe ltm *j pop-
leje mib elmpmbe bo fpilc to • ept fimle nipa oJ?]>
gehalob fie gepenbpa elm pmbe *j apyl fprSe bo J?onne
op J?a pmbe gentm linpseb gegpmb bpipe pr3 J>am elmep
bpsence f biS 50b pealp popebum lime.

1 r,ir, MS.

LEECH BOOK. T. 67

also in addition, apple tree, thorn, ash, quickbeam, Book I.
everthroat, ashthroat, heleninm, bishopwort, ivy, betony,
ribwort, radish, spraken,a pepper, mastie, costmary, a Rkamnus
ginger, sal ammoniac, nettle, blind nettle, work t\a^rangua'
to a drink. If thighs be paralyzed, delve up the
netherward fart of sedge, boil it in water, make it
reek on the limb that is helpless, smear with a salve,
which a man may thus work ; from swines grease,
sheeps grease, butter, ship tar,1 pepper, mastic, beetle
nut, sulfur, costmary, vinegar, oil, cucumber, radish,
helenium, bishopwort, salt, ash, apple tree, oak, thorn.

xxiv.

For knee pain; pound together woodwax2 and hedge-
rife, and put into ale ; let it lie for a night, give him
then that to drink, bathe with it, and lay it on. In
case that a knee be sore, take wallwort and cloning,
and red nettle, boil in water, bathe therewith.

xxv.

1. If the shanks be sore, take githrife and pellitory
and hammer wort and betony and bone wort aud flax-
wort and wild marche and earth gall and brownwort,
seethe in butter, smear therewith.

2. If shanks be broken, take bonewort, pound it,
pour the white of an egg out, mingle these together
for the shank broken man. For a broken limb, lay
this salve on the broken limb, and overlay with
elm rind,3 apply a splint, again, always renew these
till the limb be healed ; clean some elm rind, and boil
it thoroughly, then remove the rind, and take linseed,
grind it for a brewit or paste with the elms drink ;
that shall be a good salve for a broken limb.

1 Pix navalis is frequent in Latin j - Genista tincioria.
medicine of the time. j ' Cf. Aetius. I. i. v. irreAea.

E 2

68

L.ECE BOO.

AyKv\(t)<ris.
Marcellus,
403, d.

fol. 25 b.

.XXVI.

Gip fino jefcjimce *j ept • septep J?on fpelle jeriim
Tate topb xemenx, pi8 eceb fmit on pona halaft. COone-
jum men gefcpincaS hip pet to hip homme pypc ba]?o
bo eapban to *j cepfan *j fmale netelan *j beopypt bo
on tpoh hate ftanap pel xehsette jebe^e ]?a hamma
mib J>am ftan baoe J?onne hie fien gefpate J?onne pecce
he J?a ban fpa he fpi]?oft mseje bo fpelc to *j betepe
fpa mon optop mib J?y be]?i7e. Tip fino clseppette
mucjpypt gebeatenu <j pij? ele jemenjeb -j on aleb.
OOycjpypte feap pi J? jepofobne ele jemenjed fmipe mib
\y fona bib getftilleb fio cpacunx,.

. XXVII.

uoZdypa. tyty foz ece betonicaii • jeopmenleap • prnul. pibban*

ealpa empela jemenje meolue pi]> paetep ^ f tofpollene
Apul. Herb. ^m ppam J?8epe upeppan healpe be]?e J>y lsep pe fpile
"• 17- Injepite • Tenime ]?onne Talkie jefobenne leje on. piS

Cf. Marcellus, pota faRe ob]?e jefpelle ppam miclum gange pegbpaebe
405, f. g. getpipulab *j piS eceb jemenjeb. pi]? J?on beah jpunbe

fpelje gebeatenu -j piS pyfele Temengeb. :•

Pi]? jzotece jip pe pot ace mjefpice Tentm mucgpypte

pyptpuman menx, pi]? ele pele etan. Vio" pot ece ept
fol. 26 a. hunan peap pij? ele TemenTeb fmipe J?a papan pet

mib. :•

Pi]? potece genim ellenep leap • *j peTbpseban «j mucj-

pypt jecnupa lege on *j Tebmb on.

.XXVIII.

Pi]? ban ece tunmgpypt •* beolone • pealpypt ealbe
jput *j eceb • heopotep fmepa o]?]?e gate • o]?J?e gofe

1 Tunrmi; pypfc, Herbarium, cxxxviii. So read.

LEECH BOOK. I. 69

xxvi. Book I.

In "VW1

If a sinew shrink,3, and again after that swell, take _, L '

9 P . a That is, when

a she goats tord, mingle with vinegar, smudge %t on, a leg is broken.

soon the sinew healeth. In the case of many a man,

his feet shrink up to his hams, work baths, add tares

and cress and small nettle and beewort,1 put hot

stones well heated in a trough, warm the hams with

the stone bath, when they are in a sweat, then let

him, the patient, duly arrange the bones as well as he

can, apply a splint, and it is so much the better the

oftener a man bathes with the preparation. If a sinew

have pulsation, mugwort beaten and mingled with oil,

and laid on is good. Juice of mugwort mingled with

rose oil, smear with that, soon will the quaking be

stilled.

xxvii.

1. For foot ache, betony, germen leaves, that is notdypa.
mallow, fennel, ribwort, of all equal quantities ; mingle

milk with water, and bathe the swollen limb, from
the upper part of it, with that, lest the swelling go
inwards; then take sodden comfrey, lay it on. For
sore of feet or swelling from much walking, waybread
triturated and mingled with vinegar. For that dis-
order, groundsel beaten and mingled with lard is good.

2. For foot ache ; if the foot ache go inwards, take
mugworts roots, mingle with oil, give to eat. For foot
ache again, juice of Aorehound mingled with oil, smear
the sore feet with it.

3. For foot ache, take leaves of elder and waybroad
and mugwort, pound, lay on, and bind on.

xxviii.

For leg ache, white hellebore, henbane, wallwort,
old groats and vinegar, harts or she goats or goose

1 Accra- calamus.

70

L^CE BOC.

menj tofomne lege J?onne on. pi]? banece ept to bpence
elene • cneopholen • pealpypt • hune • clupfmnj gecnupa
bo on psetep. f open ypne be)?e to pype fprSe J>one
ece J?pea mib ]?y psetene bo f Jmipa on bsej • pyjic
))onne pealpe op tun[i]ng pypte op eolonan • op jJtinje •
op pepmobe bo ealpa empela pylle fprSe.

Marcellus,
395, a.

Part in Mar-
cellus, 395, d.
fol. 26 b.

. XXVIIII.

gip mannep jetapa beo]; pape oSoe a]?unbene beto-
nican jetpipula on pme be]?e ]?a fajian itopa *j J?a
a)?unbenan mib ]?y. Gpt gip hie bylfcihte fien o$oe
^ebojifcene gerimi faluian feoS on psetepe be)?e nub ]?a
jetapa.

Gpt bile gebsepneb jemeng pio ahpan hunig1 pypc to
fealpe a)?peah J?onne *j jebej>e )?a punba sepept mib
hate paBtepe a3ptep pon mib peajime ele je imipe on
]?am )?e psepe pip jefoben lege J^onne J?a pealpe on.

Xl/A€T\OV,

.XXX.

Pip pceal pi]? secelman *j pio J?on J?e men acale ^ pel
op )?am potum • genime neo]?opeapbe mebopypt *j luft-
mocan • *j acpinbe gecnua eall to bufte gemeng pio
humj lacna mib ]?y.

. XXXI.

OyKos. ViJ? selcum heapbum fpile oooe jeCpelle abpije beana

•j gepeo]? bntan pealte menj J?onne pij? hunij lege on.
Pi)? ]?on llcan geriim bepen melo peo]? on ecebe bo on

1 Read semens \>a ahran jn'S hums.

LEECH BOOK. 1. 71

grease, mingle together, then lay on. For leg ache Book I.

again, for a draught, helenium, kneeholly, or butchers ' xxvm-

broom, wall wort, or dwarf elder, Aorehound, cloffing,1

pound these, put them in water, so that it run over5

warm at the fire thoroughly, wash the ache or aching

part with the water, do that three times a day; then

work up a salve of white hellebore, of helenium, of

thung or wolfs bane, of wormwood, put equal quantities

of them all, "boil thoroughly.

xxix.

1. If a mans instrumenta genitalia be sore or puffed
out, triturate betony in wine, bathe with that the sore
and puffed up places. Again, if they be mucous, or
in eruption, take sage,1 seethe in water, bathe with
that the instrumenta.

2. Again, take dill burnt, mingle the ashes with
honey, work up to a salve, then wash and bathe the
wounds first with hot water, after that with warm
oil or grease, on which myrtle has been sodden, then
lay the salve on.

xxx.

This shall be good for chilblain and in case that the Pernio,
skin of a mans feet come off by cold,3 let him take
the netherward part of meadow wort and lustmock and
oak rind, pound all to dust, mingle with honey, effect
a cure with that.

xxxi.

1. For every hard tumour or swelling, dry beans
and seethe them without salt, than mingle with honey,
lay on. For the same, take barley meal, seethe in

1 Ranunculus sceleratus.
- Cf. Myreps. xlvii. 10.

1 Oj J>am j-otum, off the feet,
not of

72 L^CE BOC.

6pt pi J? j?on belenan menj pr<5 pypele lege on. pio
fpile ept gebeat hunan meng pi]? pypele lege on oooe
gate hopn gebasnneb <j pi]? psetep. jemengeb. 6pt
pypele o]?J?e jelynbo pi]? japleac gemengeb <j on aleb
1?one fpile J?pa3n]?.

PiJ? fpile ept ceppille gecnupab mib nypele *j on
jemelt peax gebon *j on aleb bet. :•

Vr<5 fpile ept gate plgepc gebsepneb to ahfan mib
fol. 27 a. psetepe on gefmiten ealne J?one fpile topepe]?. 6jzt

mnipepi f lp gonft f pasb gecnupa «j peoj? on psetepe.
6pt pinpulle pi}? pypele gemengeb »j pi]? hlap «j pib
celenbpan set • pomne gemengeb. Pi]? yplum psetan ^
fpile geriim heopotep pceapo]?an op j)am hopne oJ?J?e
J)33p hopnep melo meng pij) pseten fhnt on eal J> popmf
'j J?one ypelan pgetan apeg be]? *j abpip)?. :•

]7ij7 fpile gemm gate typblu on pceappum ecebe
gepoben *j on pelpe pifan on gebon.

Pij? a3lcum yplum paatan mucgpypte ]?a gpenan leap
getpipulab *j pi]? pypele gegmben togasbepe fmipe an
ge J?eoh J?8en bylftan on lynb f beah J?iJ? J?an • ge ]5
beah eac pi]? pota gefpelle. pi]? mnan gepypfmebum
gefpelle J?am )?e pyjvS op pylle o]?J?e op plege oftfte op
limcpca hpilcum • ]?a pypt ]?e hatte ptpleape • gemm *j
gebeat -j lege on gelome o]? ^te open fie pe fpile lacna
]?onne J>a punba fpa o]?pe punba. piS fpile ept hluttoji
fol. 27 b. P"ic gentm bo ahfan to feo$ astgsebepe gelege J?onne

]?one fpile mib ]?y gelome. pi]? fpile epu gate typblu
bpige gegnib *j afipte J?uph faisel fipe bo ]?onne pyple

LEECH BOOK. I. 7o

vinegar, put on. Again for that, mingle henbane with Book L
lard, lay on. For a swelling again, beat /torehound, c xxxl#
mingle with lard, lay on, or goats horn burnt and
mingled with water. Again, lard or suet mingled with
garlic, and onlaid, dwindleth the swelling.

2. For swelling again, chervil pounded with lard
and added to melted wax, and laid on, is to boot or
amend.

3. For a swelling again, goats flesh burnt to ashes,
smudged on with water, removes all the swelling.
Again, pound the seed of juniper, that is gorse,1 and
seethe in water. Again, houseleek mingled with lard
and with bread and with coriander, mingled together.
Against ill humours and swelling, take shavings oft*
the horn of a hart, or meal of the horn, mingle with
water, smudge it on, it doth away and driveth off all
that ratten and the evil wet.

4. Against swelling, take goats treadles sodden in
sharp vinegar, and applied in the same manner.

5. For every evil humour,2 mugwort, the green 4>\4yfia and
leaves of it, triturated, and rubbed together with lard, *vtl6s-
both smear on the thighs on which the mucus is, that

is good for them ; and that is good also for swelling
of the feet. For a swelling purulent within, such as
cometh of a fall or of a blow or of any crick, take
the wort that hight fiveleaf or cingitefoil, and beat it
and lay it on frequently till that the swelling be
open, then tend the wounds as other wounds. For a
swelling again, take "clear pitch,"3 add ashes, seethe
together, then overlay the swelling with that frequently.
For swelling again, dry goats treadles, grate and sift
them through a small sieve, then add lard, as much as

1 Some verb must be supplied to \ ~ Pituita molesta, of Horatius.

form a sentence, as frequently hap- J 3 probably resin, as solid. See

pens. And of course iuniperus is ! Blsectepu, pale tar, in Lye.
not gorse.

74 LiECE BOC.

to fpa fpa pyn tpa punb «j ealbef pmep fpa micel fpa
\>e J7ince pypc to fealpe.

Gpt ^ebsepneb pealt gegnib pel on gepleceb psetep
oj? ^ hit fie fpa ]?icce fpa hunigef teap lege on J?one
fpile opep lege mib claoe *j mib eopcigpe pulle bmb
on. pi]? psephcum fape -j jefpelle mm peax *j hemlic
jetpipula pypc fpa peapm to pealpe bmb on f pap. :•

Pi]? ppep fpile • mm hunan jebeat *j gemeng pi];
pypele lege on. 6pt mape tpymhte gput mealtep
fmebma • cepfan • aagep j? hpite bifceop pypt • elene •
ontpe • elehtpe • figfonte • galluc meng tofomne lege
on. ]?ip beabum fpile • Nim gpunbefpelgean lege on
gleba *j gepypme <j lege J?onne fpa peapme on J?one fpile
•j bebmb mib cla^e lset beon nihtepne on gip hip )?eapp
fie. Um beabum fpile agpimoman gebeat meng pm pm
fol. 28 a. -j pij? pealt bo on ]?one fpile pona gepit apeg. pi]? fpile

attoplaoan gecnupa lege on J?one fpile lege lsefu on f
bolh pelp. bpenc pi]? beabum fpile f he utplea eopop-
j?pote • eolone • gotpoSe • tpa penpypta bo on ealu
bpmce. pi)? beabum fpile gemm fpane pypt gecnupa
pel gemeng piS pepfcpe butepan lege on pone fpile o]?
f gelacnob fie. pi]? fpile cunille • fppmg pypt elate
pyl on butepan *j on hunige lege on }?a pypta gemeng
pm segep ty hpite. Spe]?mg pi)? fpile • ban pypt upe-
peapbe gecnupa fmsele )?a pypte gemeng pi6 segep f
hpite beclpem f lim mib J?e pe fpile on fie.

pypc f baa]? op fam ileum pyptum on cealbum pylle
psetpe gecnupa ]?a p/pta fpi]?e pel lege on f pastep
lapa on ]?one fpile. :•

"VYS fpile cnupa moepeapbe hamop pypt -j pecg binb
on.

LEECH BOOK. 1. 75

two pounds, and as much of old wine as to thee may Book I.
seem good, work to a salve. Ch* xxxh

6. Again, rub burnt salt well in water made luke-
warm, till that it be as thick as a tear of honey, lay
on the swelling, overlay with a cloth, and with wool
of ewe, bind on. For sudden sore and swelling, take
wax and hemlock, triturate, work this so warm into a
salve, bind on the sore.

7. Against a sudden swelling, take /iorehound, beat
and mingle it with lard, lay on. Again, mingle to-
gether the cottony potentilla, commonly called silver-
iveed, groats of malt, smede or fine flour, cress, the
white of an egg, bishopwort, helenium, ontre, lupins,

" sigsonte," comfrey, lay on. For a deada swelling, take i without
groundsel, lay it on gledes and warm it, and lay it so feellnS-
warm on the swelling, and bind on with a cloth, let
it be on for a night, if need be for that. For a dead
swelling, beat agrimony, mix with wine and with salt,
apply it to the swelling, which soon will depart away.
For swelling, pound attorlothe, lay on the swelling,
lay least on " the wound" itself. A draught for a dead
swelling, that it may break out, put carlina, helenium,
goutweed, the two wenworts into an ale drink. For a
dead swelling, take " swan wort/' pound it well, mingle
with fresh butter, lay on the swelling till that it
be healed. For a swelling, boil cunila, springwort,1
clote, in butter and in honey, lay the worts on, mingle
with them the white of an egg. A swathing for a
swelling, pound small the upper part of bonewort, mingle
with the wort the white of an egg, plaster the limb
on which the swelling may be, with that.

8. Work the bath of the same worts in cold well
water, pound the worts very well, lay on, leave the
water on the swelling.

9. For a swelling, pound the netherward part of
hammerwort and sedge ; bind on.

1 Euforbia laihyris.

76 L^CE BOC.

.XXXII.

'A\<f>6s. Awkt}. Lsecebomaf pi]? blasce <j baa)? piptyne ealpa.

Pel eolenan m]?epeapbe *j mmtan on1 pealtep pynian

fol. 28 b. f hit fie J?icce fpa bpip gemeng togsebepe fmipe mib.

Pi)? blsece mm eolonan ni]?epeapbe *j omppan eac fpa
fio ]?e fpimme «j ontpan *j bipeeop pyjtt *j sepcjunbe
peo]? on butepan apeoh ]?uph claS meng J?onne pi5 pipop
•j pi]? teopan jejpinb fmipe mib. pi]? blsece pyl eolo-
nan on butepan menj pi]? pote pealt • teopo • humj •
ealb pape fmipe mib. piS blsece jentm gope fmepo <j
ni]?epeapbe elenan -j liapan fpjiecel bifceop pypt *j
hegpipan ]?a peopeji pypta cnupa tofomne pel appmg
bo psejion ealbpe fapan cuclep pulne pp ]?u haebbe
lytel elep menj pi]? fpi]?e *j on niht aly]?pe. Sceappa
J?one fpeopan opep funnan fetlganje geot fpijenbe p
blob on ypnenbe paetep fpip ]?pipa aeptep • cpej? ]?onne
liapa ]?u ]?ap nnhaele • *j gepit apej mib gange ept on
claenne peg to hufe "j gehpaepepne ^anj fpigenbe. bae]?
piS blaece apyl tyn pfum ]?a pypte on hpepe *j fynb-
pijea betoni<3an • neptan mapubian2 a^pimonian* geappe*

fol. 29 a. mmte ehheolo)?e hmbheolo]?e • cupmealle • eopb jealla •

bile • mepce • pmul ealpa empela jepypc ]?onne ftol op
]?pim tpeopum m]?an Sypele fite on bybene *j ]?e opep-
hpep upan mib hpitle j?y laep pe a9]?m ut • jeot unbep
]?one fcol on pa bybene last peocan on • fpa ]?u mealit
on ]?am pyptum ]?pipa bon • <j unbep ni]?an ftype mib
fticcan gip J?u hattpe pille • -j a3p ]?am bae]?e fmipe
]?one lichoman «j J?one 'jplitan mib gefpette paetjie *j
gehjiep tpa aegpu on hatum paetepe jefmipe ealne
]?one lichoman mib.

on on, MS. I - mapibian, MS.

LEECH BOOK. T. 77

xxxii. Book !•

Ch. xxxii.

1. Leechdoms for blotch and baths. Fifteen in all.

2. Boil the netherward part of helenium and mint
in the runnings of salt, that it be as thick as brewit,
mingle together, smear therewith. Against blotch, take
the netherward part of helenium, and so also of dock
(that which will swim), and ontre, and bishopwort,
and ash rind, seethe in butter, strain through a cloth,
then mingle with pepper and with tar, grind these,
smear therewith. For blotch, boil helenium in butter,
mingle with soot, salt, tar, honey, old soap, smear
therewith. For blotch, take goose grease and the
netherward part of helenium and vipers bugloss, bishop-
wort and hayrife, pound the four worts together well,
wring them, add thereto of old soap a spoon full, if thou
have it, mingle a little oil with them thoroughly, and
at night lather on. Scarify the neck after the setting
of the sun, pour in silence the blood into running
water, after that spit three times, then say, " Have
thou this unheal, and depart away with it ;" go again on
a clean way to the house, and go either way in silence.
A bath1 for blotch, boil ten times the worts in a basin

, iiii i • • a Inula nek'

and separately betony, nepeta, marrubium, agrimony, m-ttm<
yarrow, mint, horseheal,a hindheal,b churmel,c earthgall,d b Eupatormm

tii * ii -II cannabinum.

dill, marche, fennel, of all equally much, work then a c chlora per-
stool of three pieces of wood, with a hole below, sit-f°J,a^;

r ' . Erythrcea

on a bucket,2 and robe thee over from above with a centaureum.
garment lest the vapour escape ; pour the prepared hot
liquor under the stool into the bucket, let it reek on
thee. So thou mayst do thrice with the worts, and
underneath stir with a stick if thou wilt have it
hotter; and before the bath smear the body and the
forehead with sweetened water, and shake up two
eggs in hot water, smear the whole body therewith.

Ilvpaj. Hippokr. | - Byden, now Bidet.

78 LiECE BOC.

Lsecebom pij? hpeopuni lice • abelpe omppan «j gelob-
pypt gecnupa • pyl ]?onne on butepan bo hpon pealtep
to. ]?i]? beabum lice frse]?pypt mepce jnib on ealo'S
pele bpmcan. P18 hpeople pell on hlonbe cpicpmbe 1 •
ellenpmbe nij?epeapbe • sepc pmbe • *j pab • elm pmbe •
hernlic bo J?onne butepan on *j hunij. pi]? hpeople
pejbpaebe lgecepypt • leac • minte • majpa • eolone •
fpepl jecnupa pi]? pyfle bo ]?8ep f[p]eplep fpilcan J?apa
pypta tpsebe.

fol. 29 b. pij> hpeople ept jeriim hoppep pypele jemenfj] fpi]?e

pij> fealte fmipe mib. basj? pi]? hpeople • pyl on psetepe
sepcpmbe • cpicbeam pmbe • holen pmbe • pulanbeamep •
ananbeamef • fecj • )?eoppypt • hegepipe • mapubian •
be]?e mib • *j j? lie gnib mib J?jepe hegepipan. pypc
pealpe op majmbian on butepan • op pypm melupe • op
hapan fppecele • hejepipan • jeriim healpe pa pealpe
jenieng pi]? jecnupabe elenan fmipe o]? J> bati^e • pij?]?an
mib J?aape o]?eppe. bse}? pi J? Jam miclan lice eolone
bpom • ipig • mucpypt selppone • beolone • cottuc • epe-
laftan pyl on psetepe fpi]?e jeot on bybene *j pitte on.
bpmce ]?ipne bpenc pi]? pon • betomcan • cupmille hope*
agpimonia • fppingpypt • peabe netle • elehtpe • Saluie •
finjpene • alexanbpia • fie gepopht op pilifcum ealaft
bpmce on J?am ba]?e *j ne lsete on ]?one e]?m. Sealp pi]?
]?am miclan lice • elene • ]?urr$ omppe • jpunbefpelje •
hole cepfan • pegbpsebe • epelafce • ontpe • hope • ^alluc .

fol. 30 a. celeponian • cottuc pel on butepan eal tojaebepe healp

1 Read cpjcneampinbe.

LEECH BOOK. T.

79

3. A leechdom for a leprous body, delve up dock and
silverweed, pound them, then boil them in butter, add
a trifle of salt. For deadness of the body, rub in ale
staithwort, marche, give to the patient to drink. For a
leper, boil in urine1 rind of quickbeam, the netherward
part of elder rind, ash rind, and woad, elm rind, hem-
lock, then add butter and honey. For a leper, pound
with lard waybroad, leechwort, leek, mint, may the,
helenium, sulfur, put of the sulfur two parts to one of
the worts.

4. For a leper again, take fat of a horse, mingle
thoroughly with salt, smear with that. A bath for
a leper, boil in water ash rind, quickbeam rind, holly
rind, the foultree or black alder rind, rind of spindle
tree, sedge, ploughmans spikenard, hayrife, marrubium,
bathe therewith, and rub the body with the hayrife.
Work a salve of marrubium in butter, of worm2 meal,
of vipers bugloss, hayrife, take half the salve, mingle
with pounded helenium, smear till it get better, then
smear with the other half. A bath for the mickle
body or elphantiasis, boil in water thoroughly helenium,
broom, ivy,' mugwort, enchanters nightshade (?), hen-
bane, mallow, everlasting, pour into a byden, and let
the patient sit upon it. Let a man drink against that
disorder this drink ; betony, churmel, hove, agrimony,
springwort, red nettle, lupin, sage, singreen, alexanders,
let it be wrought out of foreign ale, let the sick man
drink it in the bath, and let him not allow the vapour
to reach it. A salve for the mickle leprous body,
helenium, wolfsbane, dock, groundsel, field gentian,
waybroad, everlasting, ontre, hove, comfrey, celandine,
mallow, boil all in butter together, let half the salve

Book I.
Ch. xxxii.

1 Cf. Aetius. I. ii. 108.

2 Thus in later times : " Fair
large Earthworms gathered in May
when they couple ; put them into a
Pail of Water at night till the next
morning, so will they have cleansed

themselves, then dry them before
the fire, or in an Oven, which when
through dry, beat into Pouder."
Salmon's English Physician, p.
697, ed. 1693. He adds the cures.

80 LiECE BOC.

fie fpmef pypele o$6e hoppep fmepu • fmijie J>onne mib.
PiS fpile jeriim pejbpreban mo)?opeapbe jecnupa pi]?
pyfele leje *j gebmb on J?one fpile.

.XXXIII.

$\vKTaivai. Dpencaf *j jealpa pi]? lpjnnje • fppmjpypt peabe hope •

pejbpsebe • pepep puje • appotane • majej^e • pipop •
pm • jip he on eapan fie gebeate pejbpseban • <j pepep
):ujean *j pipop * y^^Z °n ¥ eape. To pealpe pi3
fpjunje • riim bolhpunan • pejbpseban maje^an • J?one
bpaban capel nio]?opeapbne • ^eopmenleap mj>epeapb •
bocce ni]?epepb • peabe hope • butepe *j hunig. Sealp
cpt mebopypt* acumban* hmb hioloSe* jeappe* cneop-
liolen • sej>elpep^m3 pypt • agpimonia.

AxpoxopSav. pi]? beabum fpnmxe. Pyl on butepan felpsetan

"7e ov. reptep ]?am J • *j fppmgpypt. J7i}? fppmje maje]?a • pubu

mepce* pypc to pealpe bpmce jobe pypta. UiJ? fppinge.

mm elehtpan jecnupa on hunig menj to fomne lege
fol. 30 b. on J?one fpile o]?]?9et hal pie. pr<S fppmie fppmjpypt

ceppillan *j humj ^ jope fmepa jecnupa pyl to pomne

lege on Sone fpnmg.

.XXXIIII.

Tip nsegl fie op hanba <j pi J? peaphbpseban mm hpsete
copn menj pr$ hunig lege on J?one pmzep. pi8 anjnrejle
ap^efpeopp «j ealbe papan *j ele jip jm haebbe jip ]>u
nsebbe bo plytan to menj tofomne lege on.2 :•

pi]? peaphbpaBban • maxp]?an cpoppan pyl on butepan
•j fealt fmipe mib.

1 Read aerep)>an. - In the margin is some cypher.

LEECH BOOK. I. 81

be swines fat or horse grease ; then smear therewith. Book I.
Against swelling, take the netherward part of way-
broad, pound with grease, lay and bind on the swelling.

xxxiii.

1. Drinks and salves against pustule; springwort, red
hove, waybroad, feverfuge, abrotanon, niaythe, pepper,
wine. If it, the "pustule, be on an ear, beat waybroad
and feverfuge and pepper, wring them into the ear.
For a salve against a pustule, take pellitory, waybroad,
maythe, the netherward part of the broad colewort,
the netherward part of mallow, the netherward part of
dock, red hove, butter, and honey. A salve again,
meadow wort, tow,1 water agrimony, yarrow, butchers
broom, stichwort, agrimony.

2. For a dead pustule; boil in butter the herb wild
oat, seferth, and spriugwort. For a pustule, maythe,
wood marche, work these into a salve, let him drink
good worts. For a pustule, take lupin, pound in honey,
mingle together, lay on the swelling till it be hole.
For a pustule, pound springwort, chervil, and honey
and goose grease, heat them together, lay this on the
pustule.

xxxiv.

1. If a nail be off the hand, and against a warty
eruption,3, take wheat corn, mingle with honey, lay on plJJbably ^
the finger. For an angnail,b brass filings and old soap, b uapwwxia,
and oil if thou have it, if thou have it not, add cream,
mingle together, lay on.

2. For warty eruption, heat in butter bunches of
maythe and salt, smear therewith.

1 Understand, in ashes. " Lin-
teorum lanugo e velis navium ma-
ritimarum maxime, in magno usu

VOL. II.

medicinal est ; et cinis spodii (ivory
filings) vim habet." Plinius, xix. 4.

82 L^CE BOC.

. XXXV.

MeXai/ta. Be afpeaptebum *j abeabebum lice fio abl cynrS optoft

aarfi s. ^ omum aeptep able pelme on peg jepitenpe people's

Simpi. Med. hpilum lie afpeapfcob • ]?onne op pam ppum pelme fio

ed. 182*6. ' a^ m10 cealbum J?ingum bi]? to celanne «j to lacmanne •
*j J>onne fio abl cynrS utan butan fpeotolum tacne •
J?onne pcealt J?u sepept J?a liseto celan mib cellenbpe
getpipulabpe mib hlapef cpuman op]?enbum mib cealb
psetpe o]?];e mib ]?y pelpan feape pa3pe cellenbpe • oj>pe

fol. 31 a. mib aejep ]?y hpite o]?]?e mib pine otye mib o])pum

Jjinjum J>am J?e J> lice mse^en hsebbe • J>onne pe ]?elma
<j fio hseto fie apeg gepiten *j pe bsel J?sep lichoman
fie jepenbeb hpon o^SSe bteec oJ?]?e pon oJ?]?e fpilcep
hpaBt pceappa ]?onne J>a ftope ]?onne betfc ]?u "Sa • 'j
bpije mib onlegene fpa fpa mon on peax hlape *j op
peajimnm bepe • -j op fpelcum ]?ingum pypcS.1 Nif him
blob to lsetanne on sebpe ac ma hipa man pceal tilian
mib pyptbpenctim utypnenbum o]?]?e fpiplum oJ?}?e mijo-
lum mib ]?y J?u meaht clgenfian f omcyn <j j?8ep jeallan-
co^e }>a peaban • je J?eah f ypel cnmen ne fie op J?apa
omena pelme fpa |?eah beah fpilcum mannnm pe pceappa
pyptbpenc. Tip ]?a omihtan pannan ]?m£ o]?]?e J?a peaban
fyn utan cumen op punbum oJ>J?e op fmjnnzum oSSe
op plenum fona J?u J>a Jnng lacna mib pceappmje ^
onlejena bepef septep J?sepe pifan J?e lsecaf cunnan pel
J?u hit betft. Tip p afpeaptobe lie to )?on fpi]?e abeabige

fol. 31 b. JJ ]?£ep nan jepelnep on ne fie ]?onne pcealt J?u pona

eal p beabe *j J> ungepelbe op afnij?an o)? J> epice lie •
J> ]?sep na miht ]?a3p beaban hcef to lape ne fie J?sef J>e
sep ne ipen ne pyp Tepelbe. ./Gptep J?on lacnixe mon
j?a bolh fpa Jm Jxme bsel ]?e |?onne xtt hpilce hpeja

1 pypc, MS.

LEECH BOOK. I. 83

XXXV. Book I.

Ch. xxxv,

Of swarthened and deadened body. The disease
cometli oftenest of corrupt humours after the inflamma-
tion of the disease which has passed away, the body
whilom becometh swarthy. Then, from the original
inflammation, the disease is to be cooled and to be
tended with cold appliances. And when the disease
cometh from without, without a manifest token of its
cause, then shalt thou first cool the heat with triturated
coriander, with crumbs of bread moistened with cold
water or with the juice itself of the coriander, or with the
white of egg, or with wine, or with other things which
have the same virtue. When the inflammation and the
heat are gone away and the part of the body is turned
somewhat to be either pale or livid or somewhat such,
then scarify the place, thou wilt then better it ; and
dry it with an application such as a man works of
wax cake and warm beer and of such things. He is
not to be let blood on a vein, but rather the symptoms
shall be tended with wort drinks, of a perfluent
nature, either emetic or diuretic, with which thou
mayest cleanse the corrupt humour and its red gall-
sickness. Yea, though the evil be not come of the
inflammation of the corrupt humours, yet for such men
the sharp wort drink is beneficial. If the pituitous
livid or red symptoms be come from without, from
wounds or from cuttings or from blows, soon do thou
heal those matters with scarifying and onlayingsa of a 'Emdeixara.
barley, after the manner which leeches well know;
thou shalt amend it. If the swarthened body be to
that high degree deadened that no feeling be thereon,
than must thou soon cut away all the dead and the
unfeeling flesh, as far as the quick, so that there be
nought remaining of the dead flesh, which ere felt
neither iron nor fire. After that one shall heal the
wounds, as thou wouldst the part which as yet may

F 2

84 L^CE BOC.

jepelneppe hsebbe • *j eallunja beabe ne fynb.1 pu pcealt
mib jelomlicpe fceappunge hpilum mib miclum • lipilum
mib peaptfm pene «j teoh2 J> blob ppam psepe abeabeban
fcope lacna $a pceappan pup • jemm bean mela oppe
aatena • oSSe bepef • oppe fpilcep melupep fpa pe pmce
J> hit: onniman pille bo eceb to *j lmnij peop astgsebepe
•j lege on <j bmb on pa papan fcopa. Tip pu polbe f
fio pealp fpiope lie bo lytel pealtep to on bmb hpilum «j
ppeah mib ecebe oppe mib pine. Tip peapp lie pele
hpilum pyptbpenc • *j jepceapa limle ponne pu pa fcpan-
gan lsecebomap bo hpilc f masgen lie <j iio gecynb psep
lichoman • hpsepep hio lie ftjiang pe heapb -«j eapelice
mseje pa fcpangan lascebomap abepan pe hio lie hnepce
*j meappe *j pynne *j ne imege abepan pa lsecebomap.
bo pu $a lsecebomaf fpilce pu pa lichoman gelie • pop
pon fte micel gebal lp on paspnebef *j pipep «j cilbep
lichoman • *j on pam msejene psef bseThpamlican
pyphtan ^ peep lblan paap ealban <j peep jeonjan «j
psep pe lie gepin3 ppopunxum • *j pgep pe fie unxe-
puna fpelcum pmTum ■ je pa hpitan lichoman beoS
meapuppan «j tebpan ponne pa blacan • *j pa peaban.
gip pu pille 11m aceoppan oo"$e afniSan op lichoman
ponne jefceapa pu hpilc fio ftop fie • <j paspe fcope
maejen • poji pon '<5e papa ftopa fum pape potap jip
hipe mon pmeleallice tilaS • fume latop pelaS papa
lseceboma fume papop • pp pu pcyle aceoppan o&Se
afmpan unhal lim op halum lice ponne4 ceopp pu f on
pam jemaepe paep halan licef • ac micle fpipop. fnvS o^Se
ceopp on f hale *j f cpice lie fpa pu hit pel *j papop
gelacnoft. porme pu pyp fette on mannan ponne mm
pu meppep poppep leap <j jegmben pealt opep lege pa

1 Read fy. j 3 Read gejuina.

2 Read peman t teohan. { ' Insert ne.

LEECH BOOK. I. 85

have some feeling, and be not altogether dead. Thou Booki.
shalt with frequent scarifying, whilom with mickle,
whilom with slight, wean and draw the blood from
the deadened place. Cure the scarifyings thus ; take
bean or oat or barley meal, or some of such meal as
to thee seemeth good, so that it will serve, add vine-
gar and honey, seethe together and lay on, and bind
upon the sore places. If thou shouldst wish that the
salve be stronger, add a little salt, bind on at whiles
and wash with vinegar or with wine. If need be,
give at whiles a wort drink, and observe always when
thou art applying the strong leechdoms, what the
power be, and what the nature of the body of the
patient; whether it be strong and hardy, and easily
may bear the strong leechdoms, or whether it be nice
and tender and thin, and may not bear the leechdoms.
Apply the leechdoms according as thou seest the state
of the body. For a mickle difference is there, in the
bodies of a man, a woman, and a child ; and in the
main or constitution of a daily wright or labourer and
of the idle, of the old and of the young, of him who is
accustomed to endurances,' and him who is unaccustomed
to such things. Yea, the white bodies be tenderer and
weaker than the black, and the reel. If thou wilt caive
off or cut off a limb from a body, then view thou of
what sort the place be, and the strength of the place,
since some or one of the places readily rotteth if one
carelessly tendeth it : some feel the leechdoms later,
some earlier. If thou must carve off or cut off an
unhealthy limb off from a healthy body, then carve
thou not it on the limit of the healthy body ; but
much more cut or carve in on the hole and quick body ;
so thou shalt better and readier cure it. When thou
settest fire on a man, then take thou leaves of tender
leek and grated salt, overlay the places, then shall be
by that the more readily the heat of the fire drawn

86 LiECE BOC.

fol. 32 b. fuope J?onne bi8 J?y J>e pa]?op J?a3p pypep hseto apej

atojen • f lice bi]? nyttol icep plite o}>]?e liunbef jip
hit man pona to be3 • <j ept ymb ]rpeo niht fmipe
mib hunige ty ]>y ]?e pa]?op fio hpypmj op pealle.

. xxxvi.

PiJ> psene able ]?e mon hset cipcul abl jenlm cpicbeam
junbe • <j sepfan • ^ apulbon • mapulbop • ellen • pijuj •
pealh • pip • pice • ac • plahJ>opn • bincean • elebeam «
gatetpeop • sepcep pceal maapt • <j asleep tpeopep basl
J?e man beptan msej • butan hae^opne <j alope }>apa
tpeopa msept ]?e hep appiten pynb «j eac jajel *j cneop
holen • fmjpenan eolonan • pebic pealpypt • ]?a gpeatan
netlan • pepmob eop]? jeallan. geriim J?onne tynam-
bepne cetel bo ]?pibban basl ]?apa pmba *j J?a pypta
pylle fpi]?e on maxpypte gip J?u hsebbe • gip J?u nsebbe
pyl on paetpe fpi]?e • bo ]?onne op J?a pmba *j bo nipe on
fol. 33 a. mnan f lice pof bo fpa )?pipa afeoh J?onne claene fpa

hatne j?one bpenc *j bo J?onne mele pulne butepan on
fpa hatne *j jehpepe togsebepe la3t ftanban tpa niht
oJ?]?e J?peo • abo ]?onne op J?a bntepan *j geriim ]?onne
gagel cpoppan • <j lpig cpoppan • helban • «j betonican
eolonan • pebic • banpypt • eop$ miftel gebeat tojas-
bejie pylle on J^sepe butepan abo ]?onne ]?a butepan
clsene op J?am pyptum )?a3p J?e mon mseje • genim Jxmne
fma3l bepen mela «j gebsepneb pealt bjiipe ]?onne on

1 Z&vr}, or ZcoCT^p.

LEECH BOOK. I.

87

away. The same process is advantageous for frogs * or
hounds bite, if one soon applieth it. And again, for
about three nights, smear with honey, that thereby the
more readily the scab or crust may fall off.

Book I.
Ch. xxxv,

XXXVI.

Against the disease which is hight circle addle2 or
shingles, take quickbeam rind, and aspen and apple
tree, maple tree, elder, withy, sallow, myrtle, wich
elm, oak, sloe thorn, birch, olive tree, the lotus tree,3
of ash there shall be most, and a part of each tree
which a man can get at (except hawthorn and alder),
the largest quantity of the trees which are here written,
and also gale and knee holly, that is, butchers broom,
singreen, that is, house leek, helenium, radish, wall wort,
the great nettle, wormwood, earthgall.4 Take then
a kettle holding ten ambers, put therein a third part
of the rinds and the worts, boil strongly in mash wort,
that is, the unfermented wort of beer, if thou have it, if
thou have it' not, boil strong in water, t hen remothe
rinds, and put new rinds into that same decoction, do
so three times, then strain out clean the drink so hot,
and then add a basin full of butter so hot, and shake
them up together : let this stand two nights or three,
then remove the butter, and then take catkins of gale,
berry branches of ivy, tansy, and betony, helenium,
radish, bonewort, basil, beat together, boil in the butter,
then remove the butter clean off the worts, as far as a
man may : then take fine barley meal and burnt salt,

1 Nodoubt/ro#,Cod.Ex.p.426-9.
Dioskorides Alexifarm. 31. has a
chapter on the $pvvr), or toad, and
the Bdrpaxos eAeios, or " marsh
frog," as poisonous.

' InPlinius Valerianus, Circinus.

" Vesicae si homiuem cinxerint oc-
cidunt."

3 Are we to suppose Carpinus
was read as Caprinus, and say horn-
beam for lotus ?

4 Erythrcea centaureum.

88

L.ECE 330C.

fol. 33 b.

J?8ejie butepan y hpepe ]?onne fpi]?e butan pype *j bo
pipon to ete J?onne gepeft j?one bpip on neaht neptig.
bpince ]?onne septep ]?one bpenc <j nanne opepne paetan
tyn nihtum pnitij gtp he mse^e • jentm Jxmne acmifcel
jebeat fmaale *j abpige *j gegmb to melupe apeh ]?onne
pi]? serine penmg bo f on f betfte ptn. bpmc fpa
nigon bajaf «j ne ete nipne cife ne peppce gof • ne
penpcne sel • ne pe[ji]pc fpm • ne naht J?a3p ]?e op
mopobe cume • ne pixaf • unpcellehte • ne plohtenpote
pujelaf* gip he hpilc Jupfa ete fie f pealt *j nane
J?mga beop ne bpince «j gemetlice ptn *j eala • $ip mon
j?ifum lsecebome bepyligS ]?onne bi]? fe man hal; J7iJ?
cipcul able geriim boccan ]?a ]?e fpnnman pille jebeat
ipij>e fmale apylle on ealbnm mopobe gobe hanb pulle
bo J?onne J?a pypta op bo ept o]?pe hanb pulle ]?8epe
llcan pynte pylle ept fpioe jebo ]?onne ]?a pypta op
genim Jxmne fpepl jebeat fpi]?e fmale gebo J^onne on
J?a pealpe f hio fie fpa ]?icce fpa bpip fmipe J?onne ]?a
fpeccan mib J?gepe fealpe op f him pel fie.

Marcellus,
362, d.

Marcellus,
362, d. e.

fol. 34 a.

.XXXVII.

pi]? J?on )?e mon ne maBje hip micgean gehealban <j
J?eepe gepealb nage eopopep clapa o]?)?e oppep fpmep je-
baBjm to ahfan pceab ]?onne pa ahfan on J?aep peocan
mannef bpmcan. 6pt fpmef blsebpan untybpenbep f lp
jylte gebsepn to ahpan bo on ptn fele bpmcan. ])i]>
];on llcan ept gate blsebpe ahypfce pele etan • fume fpa
jehypfte gegmba]? to bufee fceab on ptn pellaS bpmcan
£ip hie beoS butan pepjie. gip mon ne mseje jemijan
ept cymenef jenim fpa mice! fpa Su mib ppim pinjpum

LEECH BOOK. I. 81)

next make a brewit of them in the butter, and shake Book I.

it well up without fire, and add pepper, then let the

patient eat first the brewit at night fasting. Further

after that let him drink the draught and none other

liquid for ten nights, for thirty if he can endure it ;

then take mistletoe of the oak, beat it small and dry it,

and rub down to meal, then weigh it against one

penny, put that into the best wine ; let the sufferer

drink this accordingly for nine days, and let him eat

neither new cheese, nor fresh goose, nor fresh eel, nor

fresh pig, nor aught of that which cometh of a decoction,

nor fishes without shells, nor web footed fowls ; if he

eat any of these, let it be salted, and by no means

let him drink beer, and wine and ale moderately. If

this leechdom be followed then shall the man be hole.

Against circle addle or shingles, take dock that will

swim, beat it very small, boil in old inspissated wine a

good handful, then remove the worts, afterwards add

another handful of the same wort, boil again thoroughly,

then remove the worts ; then take brimstone, beat

it very small, then apply the salve, so that it may

be as thick as brewit, then smear the specks with

the salve till it be well with him, the patient

xxxvii.

In case that a man may not retain his urine and have
not control over it, burn to ashes claws of a boar or
of another swine, then shed the ashes on the sick mans
drink. Again, burn to ashes the bladder of an unpro-
lific, that is a gelt, swine, put it into wine, administer
it to drink. For the same, fry a goats bladder, give
it to the man to eat ; some, when so fried, reduce it
to dust, and when shed into wine, give it to the men
to drink, if they be without fever. Again, if a man
may not pass water, take of cummin as much as thou
mayst lift with three fingers, triturate it, and add

90

LJECE BOC.

Marcellus,
358, g.

Marcellus,
362, d.

fol. 34 b.

up ahebban mseje xetpipula *j gebo to pmep tpegen
bollan pulle • *j o]?pe tpexen psetepef pele bpmcan niht-
neptixum. 6pt Tip mon ne msexe Temigan bjimce gy]?-
pipan on pgetpe Texmbene. 6pt Tenime eac xeappan «j
pejbpaaban pyl on pine pele bpmcan. Gpt pammep
blsebpe gefobene picge he. jeriim pmolef pypttpuman
ept • «j ]?a pypt pelpe xebeat *j Tepnb on pm op]?a3ne
pel «j apeoh pele bpmcan. Gpt gofa tungan Tebpeebbe
y Te]?icge. 6pt gip J)u pmbe pifc on ofpum pifce
mnan genlm J?one *j gebpseb fpi]?e «j gebpyte on bjun-
can *j pele ]?am peocan men bjnncan fpa he nyte fpa
]m pcealt ]?a o)?pe setap *j bpmcan pellan. Tip mon ne
maage gemigan bjimce he lihan pypttpuman apyllebne
on pine oftSe on ealaS. Tip he J?onne to fpiSe imge
bjimce gyppipan on psetepe jegnibene. Tip mon blobe
mige geriim pubu popan feoj? on peetpe o^oe on ealaft
pele bpmcan.

Glp pip ne mseje gemigan mm tunceppan fgeb feoo
on psetpe pele bpmcan. Tip mon ne mseje TemiTan
gecnupa lupeftice *j ellenpmbe *j oleaftpum f "ip pilbe
elebeam TemenT, piiS fupum hluttpum ealaft pele
bpmcan.

.XXXVIII.

JOeR linbon bolh pealpa to eallum punbum *j bpencap
*j clsenpunTa1 on gehpilce pifan ge utan ge on j?am
innojmm. pexbpaebe jebeaten pr<5 ealbne pypele xe-
menxeb peppc ne nyt bij?.

2 Gpt bolhpealp genlm pegbpseban faeb getpipula fmale
pceab on ]?a punbe pona brS pelpe.

claermmsa, MS.

2 Herbar. Apul. ii. 6.

LEECH BOOK. I. 91

thereto two bowls full of wine and two others of water, Book I.
give it to the sick to drink after his nights fasting. * -xxxvn-
Again, if a man cannot mie, let him drink githrife,
rubbed fine in water. Again, take also yarrow and
way broad, boil them in wine, give them to be drunk.
Again, let him eat a rams bladder sodden. Again, take
roots of fennel and the wort itself, beat it and rub it
fine into wine, moisten well and strain it, and admi-
nister it to drink. Again, let him roast1 and partake
of the tongues of geese. Again, if thou find a fish
within another fish, take and roast it thoroughly, and
break it to bits into a draught, and give it to the sick
man to drink in such a manner that he know it not.
So shaft thou give the other meats and drinks. If
a man may not pass water, let him drink a root of
a lily boiled in wine or in ale. If he then mie too
strongly, let him drink githrife in water, rubbed to
dust. If a man mie blood, take dog roses, seethe them
in water or in ale, administer them to drink.

If a woman may not pass water, take seed of garden
cress, seethe it in water and give it her to drink. If
one may not pass water, pound lovage and elder rind
and oleaster, that is wild olive tree, mix this with
sour clear ale, and give to drink.

xxxviii.

1. Here are wound salves for all wounds and drinks
and cleansings of every sort, whether without or in
the inwards. Waybroad beaten, mixed with old lard ;
the fresh is not of use.

2. Again, a wound salve ; take seed of waybroad,
bray it small, shed it on the wound, soon it will be
better.

1 Our Saxon has not been careful | is set down in Marcellus as restrain-
in the selection of his recipes ; this j ing " profluvium urinae."

02 L^CCE BOC.

PiJ? ealbpe punbe tobpocenpe jpunbefpelje pi]? ealbne
pypele jemenjeb «j on aleb lacna fpilce punba. To
punbe clsenpunge •* jeriim clsene hunij gepypme to
pyjie jebo ]?onne on claane pset bo peak to *j hpepe o]?
f hit hasbbe bpipep J?icneppe fmipe ]?a punbe mib J?onne
fol. 35 a. jzulla^ liio. gip banbjuce on heap be fie maje]?an <j

£otpo]?an jecnupa pel on hunige bo )?onne butepan on
J> br3 job bolhpealp. Gpt pi$ }?on eac bi]? 50b luft-
mocan cpop to lecjanne on gebpocen heapob «j jip
hunb phte. pi J? hunbep phte genim ]?a peaban netlan
•j attopla]?an *j fpicep gelcep empela feoo" on butepan
pypc to pealpe pona beoo" fa unnyttan ban ute.

60II1 pealp piS lungen able • hleomoce hatte pypt fio
peaxeS on bpoee gepync J?a on mopjenne ]?onne hio
gebeap fie fume beoo" unbeape *j jofe fceapn ]?onne
hio ne ete • jecnupa ]?a lileomocan menj pi]? ]? am gofe
pceapne • bo lsep ]?aep fceapnep pyl on butepan appmj
]? bi]? 50b pealp. Sealp hapan fppecel mm on ealbum
lanbe <j lun^enpypt feo bi]? jeolu upepeapb «j segef
bybpin mib ]?y pceal mon lacman ]?one man ]?e bi]?
lunjenne punb. pi]? mnan punbe pealp • pin ele •
fol. 35 b. jallue • hunij. bolhpealp jyfpife «j gelob pypt -j ]?a

bpunan pypt bpableapan fio peaxe]? on puba «j luft-
moce cpoppan • jecnupa ]?a ealle 'j pyl a?peft on bute-
pan healpe *j appinj.

bolh pealp ept jpunbe fpelge ]?a Se peaxao on pop]?i-
■gam fio bij? 30b to bolhpealpe ^ pibbe <j jeappe *j 51]?-
]\iye jecnupa ]?a pypta ealle pyl on butepan *j appinj.
6rt bolhpealp 30b acpmb abjure ]?a pmbe -j fpioe fmale
jecnupa -j abelp m)?epeapbne plah Sopn apcap ]?a yte-

! clajj-uunge, MS.

LEECH BOOK. I. 93

3. For an old bruised wound, groundsel mingled Book I.

Oh - - ■"

with old lard, and laid on : tend such wounds thus. ' xxxvm-

For cleansing of a wound ; take clean honey, warm it

at the fire, put it then into a clean vessel, add salt,

and shake it till it have the thickness of brewit, smear

the wound therewith, when it turneth foul. If there

be a bone breach in the head, pound maythe and

gout weed well in honey, then add butter, that is

a good wound salve. Again for that, a bunch of

" lustmock " is good to lay on a broken head, and also

if a hound tear a man. For tearing by a hound, take

the red nettle and attorlothe and some lard, of each

an equal quantity, seethe in butter, work to a salve,

soon the useless bones will be out.

4. A wound salve for lung disease. A wort is called
hlemock, which waxeth in brooks, and is now brook-
lime, work it, that is, deal with it in a morning when
it is dewy, (some 'plants of it are undewy), and sharn
of goose dropped when the goose eats not ; pound the
brooklime, mingle with the dung of goose, put in less
of the sharn than of the wort, boil in butter, wring
through a cloth, that will be a good salve. A salve :
take vipers bugloss, groivn on an old tilth, and golden
lungwort,3, and a yolk of egg, with this shall one tend a Hieratium
a man who is wounded in the lung. For an inward pXZZium.
wound, a salve : wine, oil, comfrey, honey. A wound

salve : githrife and silver weed, and the broadleaved
brownwort which waxeth in woods, and a bunch of
the flowers of <c lustmock"; pound all these and boil
first in a half proportion of butter, and wring through
a cloth.

5. Again, a wound salve: the groundsel which waxeth
in highways, that is good for a wound salve, and rib-
wort, and yarrow, and githrife ;b pound all the worts, b Agrostemma
boil in butter, and squeeze through a cloth. Again, a 9itha9°-
good wound salve : oak rind ; dry the rind and pound

it very small, and delve up the nethermost part of a

94 LjECE boc.

meftan pmbe *j fpioe fmale gecnupa apipt fmale puph
fmaal fipe bo begea empela p mela bi$ 50b on to
fceabenne. gip ]m paoe pille lytle punbe gelacman
eacenfan getpipula o&3e gefeo^S on butepan pypc to
pealpe fmipe mib. bolh pealp • geappan • gyppipau •
fmgpenan • gotpopan lseft gecnupa piS butepan fpioe
pel lege neahtepne fpa gecneben • bo ponne on pannan
pyl fpiSe bo |> pam op clsene apeoh Jrajih clao bo on lipit
pealt hpep fpiSe o]? ]3 geftanben fie. bolhpealp mepfc
hope sepelpepomgpypt *j gyppipan «j fmgpenan on J?a
fol. 36 a. llcan pifan pj^pce. bolhpealp genim pabef cpoppan *j

netelan eac gecnupa pel • pyl on butepan afeoh puph
claS bo hpit fealt on hpepe fpioe.

bolhpealp acnmb . repepoe • meobopyjit abpige ealle
*j gecnupa fmale apipt ];uph pipe meng pi)? hunige «j
regep J> hpite. bolhpealp gip mon fie mib ipene ge-
punbob • pubupope • fmgpene • gelobpypt fppmg pypt •
gyppipe • gpunbefpelge • magooe pypm pypt niopopeapb
gecnua pel tofomne ealle meng pi$ butepan pyl pa
pfpta on paspe butepan fpioe apleot ^ pam op claane
afeoh puph cla$ bo on blebe hpep piS op f gefuanben
fie.

g"ip mon mib tpeope geplegen fie o&Se mib fcane
oppe byl on men gebepfteS • to pon bolhpealp • gyp-
pipe • ontpe • gelobpypt • pigelhpeoppa • gecnupa pa
pypta fpipe gemeng pel pi$ butepan *j on pa llcan
pi fan gepena pe ic asp cpaap.

gip men fie lim op aplegen • pngeji oiSSe pot oppe
hanb gip J> meaph ute fie • gemm pceapep meaph ge-

LEECPI BOOK. I.

95

blackthorn, shave off the outermost part of the rind Booki.
and pound it very small, sift it small through a small
sieve, put together equal quantities of both, the meal is
good to shed on a wound. If thou wilt quickly cure
a little wound, bruise or seethe in butter water cress,
work it into a salve, smear therewith. A salve for
wounds : pound very well with butter, yarrow, cockle,
singreen, or houseleek, of goutweed the least, lay them
by for a night so bruised, then put them into a pan, boil
thoroughly, remove the foam clean off, strain through
a cloth, add white salt,1 shake it well up till it
be got firm. A wound salve ; work up in the same
wise marsh hove, stichwort, and cockle, and singreen.
A wound salve ; take heads of woad and of nettle,
also pound them well, boil in butter, strain through a
cloth, add white salt, shake thoroughly.

6. A wound salve : oak rind, " aeferthe," meadowwort ;
dry all these and pound them small, sift the dust
through a sieve, mingle with honey and the white of
an egg. A wound salve, if a man be wounded with

iron : woodroffe, singreen, silverweed, springwort,a gith- a Euforbia
rife, groundsel, may the, the lower part of worm wort, a l}n%
pound them all well together, mingle with butter, boil
the worts in the butter thoroughly, skim the foam
off clean, strain through a cloth, put it on a saucer,
shake it till it be concrete.

7. If a man be smitten with wood or with stone,
or if a boil bursteth on a man, for this a wound salve :
cockle, " outre," silverweed, turnsole, pound the worts
thoroughly, mingle well with butter, and prepare in
the same wise which before I quoth.

8. If a limb be smitten off a man, a finger, or a foot,
or a hand, if the marrow be out, take sodden sheeps

1 Salt not quite pure is not white ;
much comes red from the pits ;
much dirty from the saltpans. Sal
ammoniacum is often prescribed in

the Latin and Greek authors ; per-
haps this is ah evasion of that
drug.

96 LiECE boc.

poben lege on j> o]?ep meaph • appi]? fpifte pel neahtepne.
fol. 36 b. bolh pealp • hseplef pagn «j holen jimbe mj?epeapbe • «j

3y}?pipan jecnua fpiSe pel J?a pfpta jemenj piS bute-
pan feoS fpiSe pleot op J> pam afeoh Jmnh clao* fpij>e
cla3ne jip psep bolgep oppap fynb to hea ymb ftpic
mib hate lpene fprSe leohthce ^ •$ pel hpitije.

bolhpealp gotpopan jecnupa fpiSe pel meg pr<$ bute-
nan feo^ fpiSe <j pyll «j appmj J>uph claft pleot ^ pam
% jepelt: fprSe pel • gip bolh pulige ceop ftpsel pypt
on <j geappan. bolhpealp genim pibban • *j jeappan •
•j bolhjiunan niopopeapbe • *j boccan *j gope pceapn *j
picef lytel • *j hunij pylle on bntepan bo on f bolh
];onne clsenfaS hit *j hala^S. bolhpealp gentm geappan
*j lsece pypt pyl on butepan.

Sealp pij? ]?on f bolh ne puhge jemm bpep J>e hiopan
on peaxaj? ceop pa pmbe on J> bolh ne pulaj? hit.
bolhpealp mebopypt nioJ?epeapb • luftmoce • hope • eopop
peapn • pyl on humje bo Jncce maxpyjit on jemanj.
fol. 37 a. bolhbpenc • eopopjrpote niobopeapb *j mebopypt eac fpa

ajpimonia niopopeapb «j upepeapb pyl on ealaj? J?a pypta
jebipm mib gifte pele bpincan.

bolhbpenc jeacep fupan pubu cunille gij>pipe • eopop-
]>pote nipepeapbe sepc)?pote cnupa fmale bo on cealb
pa?tep jnib betpeoh hanbum afeoh J?uph claS pele

LEECH BOOK. I. 97

marrow, lay it on the other marrow, bind it well up for Book J;..
a night. A wound salve : the lichen of hazel, and the
netherward part of holly rind and githrife, pound the
worts very well, mingle with butter, seethe thoroughly,
skim off the foam, strain through a cloth very
clean ; if the edges of the wound are too high,1 run
them round with a hot iron very lightly, so that
the skin may whiten.

9. A wound salve : pound very thoroughly, gout-
weed, mingle with butter, seethe thoroughly, and boil,
and wring through a cloth, skim off the foam, salt it
very well ; if the wound get foul, chew strailwort up-
on it and yarrow. A wound salve: take ribwort and
yarrow, and the netherward part of pellitory, and dock,
and goose dung, and a little pitch, and honey, boil in
butter, apply it to the wound, then it cleanseth and
healeth. A wound salve : take yarrow and leechwort,
boil in butter.

10. A salve to the end that a wound may not foul :
take briar, on which hips wax, that is, dog rose, chew
the rind and , let it drop on the wound, then it will
not foul. A wound salve : the netherward part of
meadow wort, lustmock, hove, everfern, boil in honey,
add thick mash wort among them. A drink for wounds :
the netherward part of everthroat, that is, carline
thistle, and meadow sweet, so also the nether and up-
ward part of agrimony, boil the worts in ale, barm
them with yeast, that is, introduce fermentation with
yeast, administer to drink.

11. A wound drink : pound small, cuckoo sour,
wild cunila,2 cockle, the netherward part of carline
thistle, ashthroat, put them into cold water, rub be-
tween the hands, strain through a cloth, administer to

1 Probably, if the edges are likely to coalesce, before the parts that lie
deeper.

2 Plinius, xx. 63.

VOL. II. G

98 LiECE BOC.

bpincan fcenc pulne neahtneptig. bolhbpenc pibbe
nioj^epeapb *j upepeapb • eopop]motan * *j sepc ]?jiotan
mo]?opeapbe cnupa fmale bo on peallenbe pa3tep. gnib
betpeoh hanbum *j apeoh J>uph claS pele bpmcan. To
selcum bolge pealp • gefomna cue mefa cu mijofa je-
pynce to plynan ]?a fpa mon fapan pypco" micelne citel
pulne • mm }?onne apulboji pmbe *j sepc pmbe plah]?opn
pmbe • «j pin pmbe • y elm junbe • *j holen pmbe • «j
pijnj pmbe *j jeonjpe ace • pealh pmbe • bo ]?a ealle on mi-
celne citel geot ]?a plynan on pyl fpij>e lanje • bo J?onne
op ]?a pmba pyl J?a plenan ^ hio fie J;icce bo fimle on
fol. 37 b. Ireppan citel fpa hio lseppe fie • jeot on pset J?onne hio

genoh Jncce fie • gegel ]?onne cealcftan fpiSe «j jefamna
pot 'j afipt Jmph claS *j ]?one cealcftan eac on ba
plynan fmme mib J> bolh. Gpt pij> J^on llcan gemm
liopan *j gelobpypt <j bpune pynfc *j luftmocan cpop *j
hapan fppecel pyl on butepan *j pmnj ponne op J?a
pypta bo o]?pe on • pibban • bipceoppypt jeappan at-
toplaJ?an bo ]?a on ]?a llcan butepan pyl epfc fprSe
appmg J?a op p bip 50b bolhpealp.

.XXXVI1II.

JJeR fine laecebomaf pi]? selcep cynnef omum *j 611-
peallum *j bancojmm eahta *j tpentig.

Nim gpenep mepcef leap jejnib o]/|?e getpipula pi$
ecebep bepftan fmipe mib J?y ]?a papan ftopa. ])\])
omum utablegnebum mm fup molcen pypc to cealjie <j
hep nub \y cealpe. TJr$ omum ept genim beopbpsefta <j

LEECH BOOK. I. 99

drink a full draught to the sick after his nights fasting.1 Book I.
A wound drink : pound small the nether ward and up- • xxxvnl-
ward part of ribwort, carline thistle, and the netherward
part of ashthroat, put them into boiling water, rub
between the hands, and strain through a cloth, ad-
minister to drink. A salve for every wound : collect
cow dung, cow stale, work up a large kettle full into
a batter as a man worketh soap, then take apple tree
rind, and ash rind, sloethorn rind, and myrtle rind,
and elm rind, and holly rind, and withy rind, and the
rind of a young oak, sallow rind, put them all in a
mickle kettle, pour the batter upon them, boil very
long, then remove the rinds, boil the batter so that it
be thick, put it ever into a less kettle as it groweth
less, pour it, when it is thick enough, into a vessel,
heat then a calcareous stone thoroughly, and collect
some soot, and sift it through a cloth with the quick-
lime also into the batter, smear the wound there with.
Again for the same, take hove and silverweed and brown-
wort, and a bunch of the flowers of "lustmock," and
vipers bugloss, boil in butter and wring the worts off,
and put others in, ribwort, bishopwort, yarrow, atter-
lothe, put them into the same butter, boil again strongly,
wring these off ; that will be a good wound salve.

xxxix.

1. Here are leechdoms for erysipelatous inflammations
of every sort, and fellons, and leg diseases of every
sort ; eight and twenty in number.

2. Take leaves of green marche, rub or bruise them
with the lees of vinegar, smear with that the sore
places. For erysipelas which hath broken into blains,
take sour curds, work them to a chalder, and foment with
the chalder. For erysipelatous inflammations again, take

1 Nertij; must be understood as nej-tigum.

■ o 2

100 L^CE BOC.

fapan «j aegef J> hpite *j ealbe 3put lege on pij? omena
jefpelle. pij; omena gebepfte Sitte on cealbum pa3fcepe
fol. 38 a. oj? $ hit abeabob fie teoh j?onne tip pleah J?onne peopep

fceappan ymb J>a poccaf ntan *j lset ypnan J> fticce J»e
hit pille ; pypc J?e pealpe Jmp • Nim bpune pypt *j mepfc
meap geallan *j peabe netlan pyl on butepan *j fmipe
mib *j hepe mib J?am ileum pyptum.

1 pij? pon llcan genim an^olcpaBceean gegnib fpi];e bo
eceb to «j on bmb <j fmipe mib. pi]? ]?on llcan jeriim
fapman piib to bufte ^ meng pij? humj -j fmipe mib.
Uio" J?on llcan jenim jebpeebbe sejpn menj pi$ ele
leje on *j bej>e fprSe mib betan leapum. 6pt jeriim
cealpep fceapn oJ)J?e ealbep hpybepef peapm *j lege on.
Gpu pij? J?on geriim heopotep fceapo]?an op pelle afcapen
mib pumice «j pefe mib ecebe «j fmipe mib. Gpt jenim
eopopep geallan pp J?u nsebbe mm o]?pep fpmep gegnib
*j fmipe mib J?y J>sep hit fap fie. J?iJ> J^on llcan gentm
fpealpan neft bpec mib ealle apeg «j gebsepn mib fceapne
mib ealle ■j gmb to bufce menj pi]? eceb «j fmipe mib.
fol. 38 b. piS pon llcan gehset cealb psetep mib hatan ipene *j be]?e

gelome mib ]?y. pi]? hatum omum • mm betonican *j
pepmob *j pmul jmb on eala «j pebic pele him bpincan.
])i\) hatum omum mm pen omppan ^ J?a fmalan clatan
pyl on jate meolce *j fupe. pij? hatum omum mm

1 Plinius Valerianus, fol. 76, d, for eight lines.

LEECH BOOK. I.

101

dregs of beer, and soap, and the white of an egg, and
old groats, lay this on against erysipelatous swellings.
Against bursting of erysipelatous inflammations, let
the man sit in cold water till the sore becometh
numbed, then get him up, then strike four scarifying
slashes about the pocks on the outside, and let the
lymph run as it will. Work thyself a salve thus :
take brownwort, and marsh gall, or marsh gentian,
and red nettle, boil in butter, and smear and bathe
with the same worts.

8. For the same, take an earthworm,1 rub it tho-
roughly fine, add vinegar to it, bind it on and smear
therewith. For the same, take savine, rub to dust, and
mingle with honey and smear therewith. For the same,
take roasted eggs, mingle with oil, lay on, and foment
freely with leaves of beet. Again, take a calfs sharn,
that is dung, or an old bullocks, still warm, and lay
it on. Again for this same, take harts shavings, shaven
off the fell or skin with pumice, and wash, that is
macerate, with vinegar and smear therewith. Again,
take a boars gall, if thou have not that, take gall of
another swine, rub and smear with that where it is
sore. For that ilk, take a swallows nest, break it
away altogether, and burn it with its dung and all,
and rub it to dust, mingle with vinegar and smear there-
with. For the same, heat cold water with a hot iron,
and bathe frequently with that. For hot erysipelatous
humours, take betony, and wormwood, and fennel,
rub them into ale, and radish with them, give the
mixture to the sick man to drink. For hot erysipe-
latous humours, take fen ompre, that is water dock,
and the small clote, that is, cleavers, boil in goats
milk and sup. Against hot erysipelatous humours,

Book I.
Ch. xxxix.

1 Bjorn Haldorson mentions this
treatment : the earthworm is called
A'mumadkr (read maftkr), because
erysipelas is usually cured by it ;

" his lumbricis . probari et curari
" soleat, cum applicati marcescant
" et moriantur." (On A'mumadkr.)
A'ma is the Ome of the text.

102 LiECE BOC.

hunan *j epelafcan *j alexanbpian *j betomcan «j cele-
ponian *j cephcep pseb bpmce on pme. Sealp mm
ellenef bloftman *j pone cpop pyl on butepan *j fmipe
mib • gip hit pille pypfman fmipe mib segef geolcan opep
fmipe mib py *j bpige to glebum op f hit heapb fie
ppeah ponne apej <j fmipe ejzt mib pa?pe pealpe. pip
Latum omum mm pmef bpaeftan menj pi]? hpeap sejjvu
*j mib pepepe fmit on -j ne ppeah sep hit hal fie.
Pip feonbtim omum mm cneopholen micle sep oSpum
mete bsejhpam to pam bolge • <j hpypepef jeallan
hunig fot • bo tofomne lacna mib. ]7ij7 pon llcan f lp
ptc • luftmoce pa cpoppihtan mm to bape -j jebaapne
to pealpe pulpef ceacan pa pmefcpan *j pa tep funbop
fol. 39 a. meng piS humge *j fmipe mib *j peppcne cype on lege

menj f opep piS meoluce fupe ppy mo^jenaf nigon
fupan. pip bancope f lp oman ntm mgontyne fneeba
eolonan 'j nygon ontpan ^ enblepan peabep fecgef bo
on eala *j bpmc micle asp ponne pu ete • «j pa eolonan
ane feo^S op f hio meppe fie cnupa tofomne fmipe mib
peep ut plea, bpenc pip onjzeallum cymeb • pipop • coft •
mepcep pseb • ceafcep pypte fseb cnua pel bo on eala.
bpenc pip onpeallum • cnua on eala oppe jefeoS cele-
ponian *j heah biolopan bifceop pynfc gyppijran. bpenc
pip onpeallum • figponte • cipe • leac • pegbpaebe niopo-
peapb • pyl ealle on psetpe «j jefpet mib hunije. bpenc
pip pon mm pa fmalan clsepep pypt mopopeapbe pyl on
ealop o&5e on beope. bpenc pip onjzealle pyl on ealoft

LEECH BOOK. I. 103

take horchound, and everlasting, and alexanders, and B°ok I.
betony, and celandine, and charlock seed, drink them
in wine. A salve : take blooms of elder, and the crop,
or bunch or umbel, boil them in butter, and smear
therewith ; if it will, that is, if it shew a tendency to
form ratten or purulent matter, smear with yolk of
egg; smear over with that, and dry it by gledes, or hot
coals, till that it be hard, then wash away and smear
again with the salve. For hot erysipelatous eruptions,
take dregs of wine, mingle with raw eggs, and with a
feather smudge it on, and wash not till the place be
hole. For oozing erysipelatous blains, take knee holly,
that is, butchers broom, much ere other meat, daily
for the wound, and put together bullocks gall, honey,
soot; cure therewith. For the same, that is, for the
disease called fig, take for a bath that sort of "lust-
mock " which beareth crops or floiver bunches, and
for a salve, burn a wolfs jaw, the left one, and the
teeth apart, mingle with honey and smear therewith,
and lay on fresh cheese, mingle the other ingredient1
with milk, sup for three mornings nine sips. For leg
disease, that is hot red blains, take nineteen snips of
helenium, and nine of " ontre," and eleven of red sedge,
put them in ale and drink much ere than thou eat; and
seethe the helenium alone till that it be tender, pound
together, smear therewith where the disease may be
striking out. A drink for fellons ; cummin, pepper,
costmary, seed of marche, seed of black hellebore, pound
Avell, put into ale. A drink or potion for fellons ;
pound in ale or seethe celandine, and elecampane,
bishop wort, githrife. A drink for fellons ; sigsonte,
onion, leek, the nether ward part of waybroad, boil all
in water and sweeten with honey. A drink for that ;
take the netherward part of the small cloverwort, boil
in ale or in beer. A drink for fellons ; boil in ale

1 What other ingredient is not clear by the grammatical construction.

104 L^ECE BOC.

pinujlan bipceoppipt heah hiolo]?e. bpenc pi)? onpealle

fol. 39 b. Py^ on eala^ fppin5 VYV^ °M?e on beope. bpenc ept piS

onpealle pyl on eala]? cpopleac bpeopje bpoftlan pypm
pypt. bpenc pi]? onpealle mepce attoplape • betoce •*
pube • fecg • ontpe • elate • bipceop pypt gepypc on
ealaft. 6pt pi]? onpealle geriim set ppuman hseplenne
fticcan o)?]?e ellenne ppit J?mne naman on apleah ]?py
pceappan on gepylle mib ]?y blobe )?one naman peopp
opep eaxle o])]?e betpeoh J?eoh on ypnenbe paetep *j
ftanb opep ]?one man J?a pceappan aplea «j ty eall fpi-
jmbe jebo.

]?r3 onpealle gepoh pox apleah op cucum ]?one fcuxl
last hleapan apej bmb on naepce hapa ]?e on.

.XL.

yip poc able • onpeb hampypt • mo]?opeapb • pelbmope
ni)?epeapb onpebep empela *j )?apa o]?eppa tpejea pelb-
mopan healpe laeppe ]?onne hampypte cnupa fpiSe to
fomne bo hluttop ealn f ]?a pypta opepfcige • last ftan-
ban J?peo niht pele pcenc pulne on mopjen. bpenc piS
poc able pyl paatep on cpoccan bo lmnig on pleot fimle
fol. 40 a. f pam op op f lnt nelle ma paaman • fup J?onne *j bpmc

opt *j jelome fpa )u hatoft maeje ^ mib pf hunije
fmipe psd]\ hit utplea on ]?one poc ne bij> pona nan
teona. Sealp pi]? poc able pyl on butepan fmgpenan •
jeappe • jyfpipe peabpe netelan cpop. bpenc pi)? poccum

Kead betonice.

LEECH BOOK. I.

105

fennel, bishop wort, elecampane. A drink for a fellon;
boil in ale or in beer springwort. A drink again for
a fellon ; boil in ale cropleek, penny royal, worm wort.
A drink for fellons ; marche, attorlothe, betony, rue,
sedge, li ontre," clote, bishop wort, work them up in
ale. Again for fellons, take, to begin, a hazel or an
elder stick or spoon, write thy name thereon, cut three
scores on the place, fill the name with the blood, throw
it over thy shoulder or between thy thighs into run-
ning water and stand over the man. Strike the scores,
and do all that in silence.

For fellon, catch a fox, strike off from him ivhile
quick, that is alive, the tusk, or canine tooth, let the
fox run away, bind it in a fawns skin, have it upon
thee.

Book I.
Ch. xxxix.

xl.

For pock disease,1 use " onred/' houseleek, the nether
part of it, fieldmore, the nether part of it; of "onred"
an equal quantity, and of the two others by half less
of the fieldmore or carrot than of the houseleek,
pound them thoroughly together, add so much clear
ale as may mount above the worts ; let them stand
three nights, administer in the morning a cup full.
A drink for pock disease; boil water in a crock, add
honey, skim continually the foam away till it will
foam no more ; then sip and drink oft and whilom
as thou hottest may, and smear with the honey where
it may be breaking out into the pock, soon there will
be no mischief. A salve for pock disease ; boil in
butter singreen, yarrow, githrife, the crop, or flower
head, of red nettle. A drink against pocks ; bishop

1 Smallpox. The disease was un-
known in classical medicine ; it
appeared in France in 565, A.D.,
and in Arabia in 572, A.D. The

Arabic physician Razi treats of it
in a separate monograf about 923,
A.D., not long before this copy of
the Leech Book was written out.

106 LiECE BOC.

bipceop pypt • attoplapan • fppingpypt • clatan niope-
peapbe on ealaS gepophfc. pip poccum fpiSe fceal mon
blob leefcan «j bpmcan amylte butepan bollan pulne •
pp hie ufcplean selcne man pceall apeg abelpan mib
popne • *j ponne pin o^SSe alop * bpenc bpype on mnan
ponne ne beoS hy gefyne.

Pip poccum jenim ^loppypt apyl on butepan *j fmipe
mib.

.XLI.

yip mnan onpealle nseglsep2 hatte pypt fupepno fio
biS 50b to etanne pip mnan onpelle on niht neptij.
]7ip mnan onpealle pyl elonan eluhtpan on ealaS bpmc
hatef bollan pulne. Gpt pyptbpenc op pepmobe beto-
nican • op psejie pupan pejbpaBban bpince pela nihta.
fol. 40 b. pip psepe jeolpan able • hune • bifceop pypt • helbe •

hope menge pa tojaebepe bo a?lcpe gobe hanb pulle
maxpypte bo to pope ainbep pulne *j to ftanbaBpe
byphomaji • hune pepmob. Stanba?p3 bpince bpenc op
omppan op pme *j op pgetpe • gefpete fpvSe.

.XLII.

4 Of 3ea^ a^le *10 mp °¥ P86]16 jeolpan • cymep gpcat
ypel fio bip ealpa abla picufb • ponne gepeaxeo' on inn an
unjemet psetan pip fmt tacn • f him fe hchoma eall
abitepa^ «j ajeolpaS fpa 50b feoluc • *j him beob unbep
tungan tulje fpeapte sebpa <j ypele *j htm bi$ micje
jeolu • laet him op lunjen rebpe blob pele him opt
ftypjenbne bpenc fcanbaSu jelome. 5Pypc him Sonne

1 Alop, alnus glutinosa, has no 2 Read cunaeslserre, cynoglossum.

medical properties. Probably the 3 By Stanbaeb understand 8tan-

Alnus nigra, now Rhamnus franyula, bsel'bjienc, or amend thus.

Sppacen, was meant by the Latin i "inrepos.

author copied. 5 Cf. Plinius Valerianus, fol. 61 d.

LEECH BOOK. I. 107

wort, attorlothe, springwort, the netherward part of Book I.
clote, or burdock, worked up in ale. Against pocks, a ' x '

man shall freely employ bloodletting and drink melted
butter, a bowl full of it : if they break out one must
delve away each one of them with a thorn ; and then
let him drip wine or alder drink within them, then
they will not be seen, or no traces will remain.

Against pocks : take glovewort, boil in butter, and
smear therewith.

xli,

For inward fellon, there is a southern wort hight
cynoglosson, which is good to eat against inward fellon,
at night fasting. Against inward fellon, boil helenium
and lupins in ale, drink a bowl full of the hot infusion.
Again, a wort drink from wormwood and betony, and
from the rough waybroad or plaintain, let him drink
it many nights. For the yellow disorder, or jaundice,
horeh.ou.nd, bishop wort, tansy, earth ivy, mingle them
together, of each employ a good handful, add of mash-
wort, for an infusion an amber full, and for a stone
bath use dithhomar, or papyrus, horehound, and worm-
wood. A stone bath ; that must be, to use with a stone
bath ; let the man drink a drink from ompre or sorrel,
from wine and from water ; sweeten thoroughly.

xlii.

From gall disease, that is from the yellow -jaundice,
cometh great evil ; it is of all diseases most powerful,
when there wax within a man, unmeasured humours;
these are the tokens : that the patients body all be-
cometh bitter and as yellow as good silk ; and under
the root of his tongue there be swart veins and perni-
cious, and his urine is yellow. Let him blood from the
lung vein, give him often a stirring drink, stone baths

108 LMCE BOC.

ftilne bpenc op omppan on pine *j on psetpe *j on bam
bafte gehpilce mopjene bpmce mylfce bnmcan fio jebet
J?a bitepneppe psep jeallan.

.XLIII.

fol. 4ia. 1 y\]> pseteji bollan betomcan fpilce anef penmgep je-

paBje on peapmum psetepe jnibe bpince )>py bajap selce
ba3j gobne bollan pulne. 6pt jemm aepcppotan o])]?e
pealpypte pyttpuman J?gep peapep peopep cuclepap pulle
gebo on bollan pulne pmef fele bpmcan.

. XLIIII.

Pi]? cancep able ]5 ip bite • pupe • peak • pibbe •
a3j • pot • gebsepneb lam • hpaetep fmebma meng pio
gejpu mebopypt 8epepp>e acpmb • apnlbop pmb • plah
J?opn pmbe • gip pe bice peaxe on men gepipc nipne
cealpe *j lege on clsenpa2 J?a punbe mib.

])i]> cancepe on cypepenum paste gebsepn fpepl ge-
gmb to bufte fpa ])u fmaloft masge <j apipt ]mph cla$
meng prS ealbe fapan *j pie fpepl picpa bo hunigep
teapep mebmicel to3 fceape • rip ro ftiS fie ]?gem mib ]?j?
hunige lege on geopmen leap J?onne hit halite pyl on
butepan geacep fupan *j fingpenan *j pubupopan fmipe
fol. 41 b. mib ]?a oppap ]?sep hit peabige last J>a oftpe pealpe clasn-

fian f bolh ne bo nan psetep to. Sealp pi]? cancjie •
geriim cu meoluc butan paetepe last peop]?an to pletum
ge]?pep to butepan ne psepc on pa3tpe. Ntm figel-
hpeoppan J?a fmalan unpsepcene bo clsene cnua fpioe
jemeng pel yrS paepe butepan bo on pannan opep pyp
apyl fpiSe apeoh pel J?uph cla$ lacna mib J?y. ])ip cancep
able • ac pinb on nop]?an tpeope be eop]?an • *j mebo-

1 "T8pco^.

2 clserna, MS.

3 Supply a point after to, riot in
MS. Read J>aen.

LEECH BOOK. I. 109

often. Work him then a composing drink of sorrel in Book I.
wine and in water, and in the bath, every morning,
let him drink a mulled draught ; it will amend the
bitterness of the gall.

xliii.

For dropsy, rub betony, as much as a penny weight,
in warm water, let the "patient drink for three days,
each day, a good bowl full. Again, take of the juice
of the roots of ashthroat or of dwarf elder four spoons
full, put them into a bowl full of wine, give them to
drink to the patient.

xliv.

1. Against the disease cancer, that is, bite : sorrel,
salt, ribwort, egg, soot, burnt loam, smede or fine flour
of wheat ; mingle with eggs, meadow sweet, " asferth,"
oak rind, appletree rind, sloethorn rind : if the cancer
wax on a man, work up some new chalder and lay
on ; cleanse the wound therewith.

2. Against cancer ; burn sulfur in a copper vessel,
rub it to dust, as small as thou may, and sift through
a cloth, mingle with old soap, and let the sulfur pre-
dominate, add a moderate quantity of virgin honey ;
see if it be too stiff, moisten it with the honey ; lay on
a mallow leaf; when it healeth, boil in butter cuckoo
sour and singreen and woodroffe, smear therewith the
borders, where it is red ; make the other salve cleanse
the wound, put no water. A salve for cancer ; take
cows milk, without water, make it become cream, turn
it to butter, wash it not in water. Take the small
turnsole unwashen, make it clean, pound it thoroughly,
mix it well with the butter, put it into a pan over
the fire, boil it thoroughly, strain well through a cloth,
cure therewith. Against disease of cancer : oak rind
on the north side of the tree by the earth, and the

110 L^CE BOO.

pypt mopepeapb . sepepbe nipepeapb • cune^lseppe nio-
popeapb • bo ealpa empela jecnua to bufue • bo henne
segep J> hpite to • «j hunij bo begea empela jeinenj
]>iS pam buftum clsem on Sone cancep ne bo nan
psetep to.

.XLV.

Pip attpe bpencaf *j lsecebomaf • betomcan mepce •
pepmob • pmul • pebic • cnua on ealaS pele bpmcan.
piS attpe betomcan y pa fmalan attoplapan bo on
halig psetep bpmc f pseteji *j et pa pypta. UiS selcum
attpe • pebic «j elate ete a3p ne msej pe nan man attpe
fol. 42 a. apypban. pv<$ selcum attpe bipceoppypt nipepeapb <j

elelitpe • *j fppmj pypt mopepeapb eopopppotan • *j
clatan • apyl on ealao" pele bpmcan jelome. glp nseb-
bpe plea man pone blacan fnegl apsepc on halij psetpe
pele bpmcan oppe hpset hpega }sep pe pnam fcottum
come. Gpt pegbpseban je^nib fpipe bpmc on pme.
pip nsebpan bite betomcan ;pte ppy penegaf jepeje bo
on ppy bollan pulle pmef pele bpmcan.

Pip nsebpan bite ept ppleape appunjenu «j pip pm
gemenjeb 50b bip to bpmcanne. Vip nsebpan bite ept
celeponie jetpipulabe bpmce on neaht neptij • III.
bollan pulle. pip nsebpan plege fpjimgpypfc • atoplapan •
eopopppotan • bipceoppypt pypc to bpence.

Pip pon pe mon picje atop • jenim pa hapan hunan
jepypc micelne bsel «j nsebeppypte cnua tojsebepe *j
ppmj f peap bo pmef ppie mel on «j pele bpmcan.
Pip nsebpan plite mm pegbpseban • «j ajpimonian • *j
nsebbep pypt pele ^ejmbene on pme bpmcan • *j pypc
fol. 42 b. pealpe op pam ileum pyptum • *j mm pa ajpimonian

LEECH BOOK. I. Ill

netherward part of meadow sweet, the netherwavd part Book I.

C^Yi xliv

of "seferthe," the netherward part of cynoglosson, em-
ploy of all equal quantities, pound to dust, add thereto
the white of a hens egg, and honey, employ equal
quantities of the two, mingle with the dusts, clam or
make it cling on the cancer, put no water to it.

xlv.

1. Drinks or potions and leechdoms against poison.
Pound in ale betony, marche, wormwood, fennel, radish ;
administer this to drink. Against poison ; put in holy
water betony and the small atterlothe, drink the water
and eat the worts. Against any poison ; eat ere the
danger cometh radish and clote ; no man may then do
thee a mischief with poison. Against any poison ; boil
the netherward part of bishopwort and lupin, and the
netherward part of springwort, everthroat, and clote
in ale ; give to drink frequently. If an adder strike
a man, or for whatever of that which cometh of shots,
wash the black snail in holy water, give to the sick
to drink. Again, rub waybroad thoroughly fine, drink
it in wine. For bite of snake, put so much of betony
as may weigh three pennies into three bowls full of
wine, give it the man to drink.

2. For bite of snake again ; cinqfoil wrung and min-
gled with wine is good to drink. For bite of snake
again; celandine bruised, at night fasting, let the man
drink three bowls full. For adders wound, work eu-
forbia, attorlothe, stemless carline, ammi, into a drink.

3. In case a man swallow poison, take then hore-
hound, work up a mickle deal of it, and adderwort,
pound them together and wring the juice, pour thereon
three measures of wine and give this to the poisoned
man to drink. For hurt from snake ; take waybroad,
and agrimony, and adderwort, administer them rubbed
up in wine to be drunk ; and work up a salve of the

112 LjECE BOC.

gepypc anne hjunj ymb J?one plite utan ne opepftihfc
hit pup]?op • «j bmb J?a pypte ept opep f bolh. ])ip
naabpan plage bo op Jnntim eapan f teopo »j fmipe mib
ymb *j fmj J?pipa J?aep halgan See Iohannep gebeb *j
jealbop.

f™m ,the beup meup et patep et pilmp et fpipitup Sanctup.

Assumptio sci Cm omnia pubiecta funt. Cm omnip cpeatupa be-

Iohanms Sepuit et omnip poteptap pubiecta eSt et metuit et

expauepcit et bpaco pugit et fiht uipepa et pubeta
ilia que bicitup pana quieta toppepcit et pcoppmS ex-

a phalangitis Al. tmjmtup et pepilup mncitup et fpelampa nihil noxmm
opepatup et omnia uenenata et abhuc pepociopa pepen-
tia1 et animalia noxia te uepentup2 et omnep abueppe
Saluti8 humane pabicep ajiepcunt. Tu bomme extmjue
hoc uenenatum uipuf extmjue opepatjonef emf mopti-
pepaf et uipef quaf In pe habet euacua et ba In con-
fpectu tuo omnibuf quof tu cpeaftj • oculof ut uibeant
aupep ut aubiant cop ut magnitubmem tuam Intelle-

fol. 43 a. jant »4 et cum hoc bixippet totum femet jpfum fijno

cpucip apmauit et bibit totum quob epat In cahce •
pep pijnum Sancte cpucif • et pep te xpe lhu et5
beo fummo patpe uiuiS faluatop munbi In unitate
fpipitup Sancti pep omnia Saacula Sasculopum amen ;

PiJ> pleojenbum atpe *j aelcum retepnum fpile • on
ppigebaBje aj?pep butepan ]?e fie jemolcen op anep bleop
nytne o3$e hmbe • *j ne fie pi]? pastpe gemenjeb •
apmj opep nijon fi]?um letania • <j nijon pi)?um patep
noptep • <j nijon fijmm J?ip jealbop • Acpaa • aapepse •
repnem • iiabpe • aspcuna hel • aspnem • mj?8epn • rep •
afan • buijnne • abcpice • sepnem • meobpe • aspnem •
sej?epn • aBpnem • allu • honop • ucuf • ibap • abcept •
cunolapi • paticamo • helaa • icap xpita • hsele • tobsept
tejia • pueh • cui • pobatep • plana • uih • f beah to

1 pepentje, MS.

2 fcenebantup, MS.

3 abuejje SalutiS, MSS.

4 -Sunt, MS.

5 Supply cum. This doxology is
an addition, not in the legend.

LEECH BOOK. I. 113

same worts, and then take agrimony, form a ring around Book I.
the incision on the outside, the mischief will proceed no ' x v'

further, and bind the wort also over the sore. For
stroke of viper, remove from thine ears the wax and
smear around therewith, and say thrice the prayer
of Saint John.

4. Dominus meus et pater et films et spiritus sanctus ;
cui omnia subiecta sunt ; cui omnis creatura deservit
et omnis potestas subiecta est et metuit et expavescit ;
et draco fugit, et silet vipera, et rubeta ilia quae dicitur
rana quieta torpescit, et scorpius extinguitur et regulus

the basilisc vincitur et <t7tyi\uio$* nihil noxium opera- n The tarantula
tur, et omnia venenata et adhuc ferociora, repentia et *ief hld m*

1 hole watching

animalia noxia, te verentur ; et omnes adverse saluti for prey,
humanse radices arescunt ; tu, domine, extingue hoc ve-
nenatum virus, extingue operationes eius mortiferas, et
vires, quas in se habet, evacua, et da in conspectu tuo
omnibus quos tu creasti, oculos ut videant, aures ut au-
diant, cor ut magnitudinem tuam intelligant. Et cum
hoc dixisset, totum semet ipsum signo crucis armavit,
et bibit totum quod erat in calice : per signum sanctae
crucis, et per te Christe Iesu, qui cum domino summo
patre vivis, salvator mundi, in imitate Spiritus Sancti,
per omnia secula seculorum. Amen.

5. For flying venom and every venomous swelling,
on a Fridav churn butter, which has been milked from
a neat or hind all of one colour ; and let it not be
mingled with water, sing over it nine times a litany,
and nine times the Pater noster, and nine times this
incantation. The charm is said in the table of contents
to be Scottish, that is Gaelic,1 but the words themselves
seem to belong to no hnown language. That is valid

1 Or Gadhelic, or Irish. An early as not Scotland, occurs in iElfrics
instance of the mention of Ireland, Homilies, vol. ii. p. 346.

VOL. II. H

114 LJECE EOa

relcum *j hupn to beopum boljnm. Sume an popb pio"
nsebpan bice lsepaft to cpepenne p ip panl ne ma3j Mm
bepian. pr$ nsebpan phte gip he bexet *j yfc pmbe fio
pe cym5 op neopxna ponge ne bepeS him nan attep •
fol. 43 b. ponne cpaep pe pe pap boc ppat J> lno psepe top

bejete.

gTp hpa bpmce pypm on paatepe op fni^e fceap pafce
bjunce hat; f pceapep blob. Tip mon fie pyptum pop-
bopen pele fppmgpypt f he ere <j hahg paetep pipe.
Pip pon pe mon fie popbopen • pp lie haapp on him
fcyttifc peax • pa fmalan attoplaSan oftfte on apylbnm
ealaft bpmce ne masx, hme pyptum popbepan.

.XLVI.

**<„

^tp ana pypm on men peaxe • fmipe mib paepe blacan
pealpe jip he nt: puph ete *j pypel Tepypce • jentm
hnnijep bpopan bpype on past pypel • hapa ponne xe-
bpocen glaap jeapa jejpunben fceab on J> pypel ponne
pona fpa he prep onbipi£<$ ponne fpilt he. Sealp pi<$
anapypme • pnf mon pceal pypcean. gerimi qmnque-
polian p lp pipleape* puban pyl on butepan jefpet mib
lmmje.

bpenc qumquepolian J> ip pipleape pele on ealatS bpm-
can ppitrz; nihta. bpenc piS pon paebicef fneb -j canlep
xnib on eala oppe on pin bpmce pip anapypme lange <j
xelome op f pel fie. Clam pip pon pa peaban tigelan
foL 44 a. Tecnupa to bnfre gemeng piS i,pnt abpseb cicel lege on

]> bolh pypc opepne gip peapp fie.

LEECH BOOK. I. 115

for every, even for deep wounds. Some teach us against Book I.
bite of adder to speak one word, that is, Faul;1 it
may not hurt him. Against bite of snake, if the man
procures and eateth rind, which cometh out of paradise,
no venom will damage him. Then said he that wrote
this book, that the rind was hard gotten.

6. If one drink a creeping thing in water, let him
cut into a sheep instantly, let him drink the sheeps
blood hot. If a man be "restrained" with worts,2 give
him springwort for him to eat, and let him sup up
holy water. Incase that a man be "withheld;" if he
hath on him Scottish wax, and the small atterlothe ;
or let him drink it in boiled ale, he may not be
ft restrained " by worts.

xlvi.

1. If Ons worma grow in a man, smear with the a See Glos-
black salve. If the worm eat through to the outside sar*5r'
and make a hole, take a drop of honey, drop it on the

hole, then have broken glass ready ground, shed it on
the hole, then as soon as the worm tastes of this he
will die. A salve against an Ons worm, thus shall a
man work it : take cinquefoil, that is five leaved grass,
and rue, boil them in butter, sweeten with honey.

2. A drink; administer in ale cinquefoil, that is Rye
leaved grass, or potentilla, to drink for thirty nights.
A drink for that ; rub down into ale or into wine
seed of radish and of colewort, let the man drink that
long and frequently against Ons worm, till that his
case be bettered. A plaster for the same : pound to
dust a red tile or brick, mingle with groats, bake a
cake, lay it on the wound ; work another plaster if
need be.

1 Cf. " Duo," to drive away scor- j 2 From haemebjnnt;. See yopbe-
pions, Plimus, lib. xxviii. 5. | pan in Glossary.

H 2

11G lmcVj boo.

.XLVII.

Lsecebomaf pi$ J?eopablum • sepcpmb • seppan pmb •
elm pinb • cpicjunb • fio micle popjng neule mo]?opeapb •
pepmob • hmbhiolotSe • befopeaba J?a pmba ealle utan «j
jecnua fpi] e pyl tofomne • bo ealpa empela op jeot
mib hlutupe ealoJ> la?t fcanban J?one bpenc nihtenne
on pate sep mon Line bpmcan pille • bpince on mo]i-
jenne fcenc pulne pipep bpencep • to mibbep mepjenef
fcanbe eaft peanb *j bebeobe hme gobe jeopnlice «j hme
jepenije cyppe hme fungonjep ymb septep J?am bpence
jange pp]?an -j fcanbe fume hpile sep he hme nefue
jeote fpa mi eel on fpa he J)gep op bo • bpince ]>ipne
bjienc mjon niht «j Jncge fpilcne mete fpa he pille.
bpenc pi]? peopable • funb1 omppan ymb belp fmj bpipa
patep hp • bpeb up ponne Jm cpe]?e fet 2 libepa nof a
malo • jenim ]?*epe pip fnreba *j feopn pipop copn
jecnua tojsebepe «j J^onne Jm f pypce fmg .XII. fipuru
fol. 441), ]?one pealm • mipepepe mei beup • *j glopia In excelpif

beo • *j patep noptep • opjeoc J?onne mib pine J?onne baBj
•j niht pcabe3 bpince Jxmne Jxme bpenc *j beppeoh $e
peapme. genim ]?onne hinb hiolopan ane4 opgeot mib
psetepe bjnnce o]?pe mopgne fcenc pulne ]?onne o]>pe
pi]?e feopon fnasba *j nigon pipopcopn • ppibban pipe
mjon fnreba <j xi. pipopcopn. bptnc pij?]>an fprSne bpenc
pepe pille up ypnan *j op bune • laet j?onne blob unbep
ancleop.

1 Read fupe ? I 3 At morning twilight.

- That is, feb ; the MSS. usually 4 Some words are here, it seems,

set. I omitted.

LEECH BOOK. 1. 117

xlvii.

1. Leechdoms for "dry" diseases ;a ash rind, aspen

sary

Book I.
Ch. xlvii.

rind, elm rind, quickbeam rind, the netherward part

of the mickle highway nettle, wormwood, hindheal,
that is, water agrimony, empurple all the rinds on the
outside, and pound them thoroughly, boil them together,
apply equal quantities of all, souse them with clear ale,
then let the drink stand for the space of a night in a
vessel, before a man shall choose to drink it. Let him
in the morning drink a cup full of this drink; in the
middle of the morning hours,1 let him stand towards
the east, let him address himself to God earnestly, and
let him sign himself with the sign of the cross, let
him also turn himself about as the sun goeth from
east to south and west ; after the drink let him next
go and stand some while ere he repose himself; let
him pour as much liquid into the vessel as he removes
from it : let him drink this potion for nine nights and
eat what meat he will. A drink for the "dry" disease ;
delve about sour ompre, that is, sorrel dock, sing
thrice the Pater noster, jerk it up, then while thou
say est sed libera nos a malo, take five slices of it
and seven pepper corns, bray them together, and while
thou be working it, sing twelve times the psalm
Miserere mei, deus, and Gloria in excelsis deo, and
the Pater noster, then pour the stuff all over with
wine, when day and night divide, then drink the dose
and wrap thyself up warm. Then take hindheal alone,
souse it with water, drink the next morning a cup
full, then the next time seven slices and nine pepper
corns, the third time nine slices and eleven pepper
corns ; afterwards drink a strong potion which will
run up and adown ; 2 then let blood below the ancle.

1 This should be read as be- l o'clock. The middle will be about

ginning the morning at dawn, and
ending it at unbejm, our nine

seven on the average.
2 Purgative and emetic.

118

L^CE BOC.

fol. 45 a.

fol. 45 b.

bpenc pi]? }?eopable mine healp pubu *j bulentpan pa
fmalan • ]?unop pypc • pubupeaxan mo]?opeapb • pealpypt
mo]?oj?eapbe jecnua J?onne ealle topomne pypce htm to
bpence bo on pylifc ealo • o]?]?e on beoji lset ftanban
nihtejine • bjnnce ]?onne fpilcne nigon mopjenaf • mme
)>y teoj?an mopgne ]?sep bpincef tpa bleba pulle • bepylle
on ane <j J?a pypta fien mib apeoh ]?uph cla]? apete
up ]?sep hit: eopJ?an hpman ne ma?ge o]? J hie mon
bjiincan mggge ; ! ]?onne ]?u hit 2 gebpuncen hgebbe be-
ppeoh ]?e peapme lije on ]?a fiban J?e he ]?onne gefcenje
fie • pp he3 on ]?am mnoJ;e biS J?onne abpipo lime ]?ef
bpmc tit. Sealp pi}? J?eope mm gapleac *j jpeate pypt •
pepmob leabe 4 netlan crS gecnua fmale «j lnopot fmepu
gemanj ]? hit fie fpilc fpa bah bo ]?onne on linenne
clab pypme ]?onne gehpse]?ep je ]? he je ]?a pealpe Co
pype ]?onne ]?u hit fmypian pille ]?aep lio abl fie pylge
Mm mib J?ippe fealpe *j mib ]?yy 5 bpence. bpenc pi]?
]?eopable bpige pepmob • pebic pealpypt ealpa ]?peopa
em pela bo on ealu 5111b pel laete set lepeftan ftanban
J?peo nihc a3ji ]?on he hme bpmce • *j pi]?]?an he lime
bjunce ymb feopon nihfc pophete blob unbeji pam an-
cleope bpmce pop]? )?one bpenc peopeptyne niht • laete
ponne ept blob unbep ]?am o]?pan ancleope. bpmce
eallep pone bpenc ]?pitig nihta on unbepn jobe blebe
p alle o]?pe ]?onne ]?u pefcan pille. pi]? ]?eop pypme on
pet mm ]?a peaban netlan gecnua bo psstep to lege on
hatne fuan la3t appeo]?an bmb on ]?one pot neahtejme.
6pt pealp setan gecnua leje on. Pi]? ]?eope on pet
jejnib pealpypt 611 gefpet pin • *] hpitcpubu «j pipop
bpmce f.

1 nae^e, MS.

•! ht, MS.

3 The only antecedent abl ought
to be followed by feminine pro-
nouns.

1 This word seems corrupt ; per-
haps peabe ; red nettle, a plant
of it.

5 byr, MS., understand as )>yr um.

LEECH BOOK. I. 119

2. A drink against the " dry " disease ; take field Book L

Ch xlvii

balm a and the small bulentse, thunderwort,b the nether a cdlamintha
part of woodwax, the netherward part of wallwort, nepeta.
then pound all together, work it for him (the patient) Se,"i)ervi-

* . . . . vum tectorum.

for a drink, put it into foreign ale or beer, let it
stand for the space of a night, then let him drink
such drink for nine mornings, take on the tenth morn-
ing two cups full of the drink, boil them both in one,
and let the worts be therewith, strain through a cloth,
set it up where it may not touch the earth, till that
a man may drink it ; when thou have drunken it,
wrap thee up warm; lie on the side to which the pain
is incident, if it be in the inwards, then this drink
will drive it out. A salve against the "dry" disease ;
take garlic and great wort, wormwood, a plant of net-
tle, pound small, and along with it harts grease, that
it may be such as dough is, place it then on a linen
cloth, then warm both the body and the salve at the fire ;
when thou wilt smear the body or the spot where the
disease may be, follow up the patient with this salve
and with this drink. A drink for the "dry" disease;
dry wormwood, radish, wallwort,c of all these equal c Sambucus
quantities, put into ale, rub the herbs down well, the
man should have the liquid stand at first for three
nights before he drink it, and subsequently let him
drink it for about seven nights, let him let blood
under the ancle, let him drink the drink straight on
for fourteen nights; let him next let blood under the
other ancle. Drink the dose for thirty nights in all,
a good cup full at nine A.M. or when thou wilt go to
bed. For a "dry'9 worm in the foot; take the red
nettle, pound it, add water to it, lay it on a hot
sfcone, make it froth, bind it on the foot for the space
of a night. Again, a salve ; pound oats, lay on. For
the "dry" rot in the foot, triturate wallwort into sweet-
ened wine, and mastic and pepper ; let him drink that.

120 LiECE BOC.

Oxa hepbe ]?ipne laecebom • jennne pealpypt *j clup-
J>ung *j cneopliolen *j epelaptan «j camecon *j tunplpm-
pypt • vim. bjiune bipceop pyjit • ^j attopla]?an «j peabe
net Ian • «j peabe hopan »*j pepmob «j geappan • *j hunan
*j boljpunan • «j bpeopge bpoMan bo ealle ]?ap pypta
on pylipc ealo «j bjnnce );onne nigon bajaf *j blob lsete.
]?i]> ]?eojx psepce pypc to bpence alexanbpe • fmpulle
pejunob • tpa cneopliolen • paluian • fapne • pealmope •
lupefcice • pepep puje • mepce • coft ■ japleac « sepc-
]?potu • betonice • bifceop pypt • on tpybpopnum ealaft
gepypce fpet mib hunige bpmc nijon mopgenaf nanne
o]?epne psetan bpmc peptep fpi]?ne bpenc *j last blob
fol. 46 a. oxa laapbe ]?ifne laecebom. ])i]> J?eope cneopliolen nij;e-

peapb • acumba • epic* • *j bpune pypt ealpa empela bo
on pilifc ealu • bepyl o]) ]?pibban bsel *j bpmce )?a hpile
]?a lie ]?uppe • «j ]?8ep fio abl gefitte pyl^e him funic
mib tije hopne o]> f hal fie.

.XLVIII.

"EX/xtudis. i _Pi]7 )7am pyp mum)?e mnan ejlaS ))am men • genim

pejbpseban jetpipula *j f peap pele on cuclepe fupan
*j J73, Pyilt: relpe fpa jecnupabe lege on )?one napolan.
piS cilba mnoj;ep pypnmm • jenim jpene mmtan aenne
jelm jebo on ppy peptpaf pretepef peoo" o]) J>pibban bael
apeoh ]?onne pele bpmcaii. piS cilba mnof fape bpeopje
bpofcle • *j cymen jerilin jebeat jemenge pij> paetep
lege opep Sone napolan fona bio" hal. ViS pypmum J?e
mnan eglao' • gea?lbep heoptep hopnep ahfan oS8e buft

1 Herb. Apul., ii. 10.

LEECH BOOK. I.

121

3. Oxa taught us this leechdom : take wall wort, and
doffing, and kneeholn, and everlasting, and cam mock,1
and white hellebore, in the proportion of nine to one,
brownwort, bishopwort, and atterlotlie, and red nettle,
and red hove, and wormwood, and yarrow, and hove-
hound, and pellitory, and pennyroyal, put all these worts
into foreign ale, and then let the man drink for nine
days and let blood. For the "dry" pain; make into a
drink, alexanders, sedum, wormwood, the two kneeholns,2
sage, savine, carrot, lovage, feverfue, marche, costmary,
garlic, ash throat, betony, bishopwort, work them up
into double brewed ale, sweeten with honey, drink
for nine mornings no other liquid ; drink afterwards a
strong potion, and let blood. Oxa taught this leech-
dom. Against "dry" rot; put into foreign ale, the
nether ward part of kneeholn, tow,3 matricaria (?), and
brownwort, of all equal quantities; boil down to one
third part, and let the patient drink while he may
require it.; and where the disease has settled, follow
him up ever with the drawing horn4 till the place
be hole.

Book I.
Ch. xlvii.

xlviii.

Against the worms which ail men within ; take intestinal
waybroad, triturate it, and give the juice in a spoon worms,
to sup, and lay the wort itself, so pounded, on the
navel. Against worms of the inwards of children ;
take green mint, a handful of it, put it into three
sextariuses of water, seethe it down to one third part,
strain, then give to drink. For inward sore of chil-
dren take pennyroyal and cummin, beat them up,
mingle them with water, lay them over the navel, soon
it will be whole. Against worms which ail a man

1 Peucedanum officinale.

' Only Ruscus aculealus grows
wild in England. There are three
others.

3 Understand as reduced to ashes.
See note on I. xxxiii. 1.

4 Cupping glass.

122

LiECE BOC.

fol. 46 b.

Marcellus,

374, c.

Marcellus-,
374, a.

jemeng pro" liunij jeimipe mib pone baacpeapm «j pone
napolan mib py ponne peallafc hie. 1 pi5 pypmum pe
mnan eglab' getpipolab 2 cofu to bufte • jebo gobne biel
in hat paetep pele bjxmcan.

3pip pypmum eft jate topb heajib *j fprSe bpige je-
menj «j jejmb pi]; lmnij pele bpmcan past abpipp hie
apej. piS pyjimum pe mnan eglaS ej:t peblc feob" on
psetpe op pone ppibban bsel menje pip pin pele bjuncan.
6pt pip pon gate jeallan jebo on pulle lege *j bmb on
pone napolan. pip pon llcan • mlntan pel getpipulabe
meng pip liunij pypc to lytlum clipene last popfpelgan.
Gpt ele 'j ecebep em micel jemenjeb pele j>py bagap
bpincan. 6pt eopopppote • inepee • betomce • nepte •
gibcopn pyl on pine. pip pypmum pe mnan cglaft
pyptbjienc op ontpan • op pelbmopan fele bpmcan-
Sealp • ete celeponian • bpunepypt apylle on mopobe •
bo ponne fcip teapo *j fpepl to finipe mib.

.XLVIIII.

:hcnap[s, r1]7 pam imalan pypme. pipepmban tpig pojiepeapb •

*j pa pealpan boccan ngej* pa peaban • *j pip gpeate
pealt jebeaten tojsebepc fpitSe fmale *j lytel bntepan.

.L.

Vrip honb pypmum *j beap pyjimum • jenim boccan
fol. 47 a. obSe clatan pa pe fpimman polbe pa pypttpuman meng

pio* pletan *j piS pealt la3t ftanban pjieo niht *j py
peoppan ba3je fmipe mib pa papan ftopa.

1 Plinius Valerianic, ut infra,
- Read getjujola.

3 Plinius Valerianus, fol. 44, c.

LEECH BOOK. I.

123

within; mingle with honey, ashes or dust of burnt r?0°V^'-
harts horn, smear therewith the fundament and the
navel, then they fall away. For worms which ail
within; triturate costmary to dust, put a good deal
into hot water, give to drink.

2. For worms again ; mingle and rub up with honey
a hard and very dry goats tord, administer it to be
drunk, that will drive them away. Against worms
which ail a man within, again ; seethe in water radish
to the third part, mingle with wine, give to drink.
Again for that ; put goats gall on wool, lay and bind
it on the navel. For that ilk ; mingle with honey, mint
well triturated, work it into a little bolus, make him
swallow it. Again, give for three days to drink oil
and of vinegar an equal quantity. Again, ever throat,1
marche, betony, nepeta, githcorn ; boil them in wine ;
For worms which are troublesome within ; give to
drink a wort drink of "ontre" and of parsnip. A
salve ; let him eat celandine ; let him boil brownwort
in inspissated wine, then add thereto ship tar and
sulfur; smear therewith.

xlix.

For the small worm; the forepart of a twig of Hair worm,
withewind, and the fallow dock,a not the red one, *Rumex mart-
and this coarse salt beaten together very small and Q>Palustris.
little butter.

1.

1. For hand worms2 and dew worms ; take dock or
clote, such as would swim, mingle the roots with cream
and with salt, let it stand for three nights, and on
the fourth clay smear therewith the sore places.

1 Car Una acaulis.
- Some Gl. make gad flies the
hand worms ; are they rather here

Keipiai = tseiiisc ? tape worms, worms
like ribands or tapes ; read as

124 L^ECE BOC.

gfj: pypm hanb ete • genlm mepfc mean jeallan <j
peabe netlan «j peabe boccan y fmaale cbjran pyl on cu
butepan J?onne iio pealp jefoben fie rup]?um rum ]?onne
fealtep J?py men fceab on hpep tofomne • «j fmipe mib •
ly]?pe mib fapan ymb niht fmipe mib. pi]) beappypme
fteeppe on hat: col cele mib psetne fca3ppe on fpa hat
fpa he hauofu masge. piS beappypme • fume nimao
peapm cpeab monnef ]?ynne bmba^S neahtepne on •
fume fpmef lunjenne peapme. ]7i]^ honb pyjime Nim
fcipfceapo • *j fpepl «j pipop • 'j hpit pealt menj toSomne
fmipe mib. peax pealp pi]? pyjune* peax pealp • butepe
pipop hplr fealt menj tofomne fmipe mib.

.LI.

yi]> pypmum1 ]?e mannep flsefC etao pani geallan
}?one pajan cnua on mpe ealo 8ep ]?on lift: apipen jie
fol. 47 b. pele f opep pyllo bpmcan ]?peo niht. 6jzt geriim jnunbe

fpefgean J?e on eop]?an peaxe]? «j fceapep fmepu meng
tofomne gehce pela lege on. 6pt jenim bepen eap
belenj lege on fpa hat: «j hat paBtepi lapa on. pi]?
pliepc pypmum genim monnef fujian ja leaf gepel
tojrebpe jebjiseb on gaspfe jecnua ]?onne lege on fpa
]?u hatoft maaje apaepnan.

.HI.

Pi]? lufum acpmb *j hpon pepmob jecnua on ealu
pele bpmcan. Uio lufum epic peolpop «j ealb butepe
an penmg peolppep • *j tu penmj piege butenan menj
on appret eal toSomne.

$8tipiacris ?

LEECH BOOK. T. 125

2. If a worm eat the band : take marsh marep;alla Book I.

Ch 1

and red nettle, and red dock, and the small bur, boil a

in cows butter; when the salve is sodden, then further pneumonantht

take of salt three parts, shed thereupon, shake together,

and smear therewith ; lather with soap, about night

time smear therewith. Against a dew worm ; let the

man step upon a hot coal, let him cool the foot with

water ; let him step upon it as hot as he hottest rrnxy.

For a dew worm, some take warm thin ordure of

man, they bind it on for the space of a night ; some

take a s wines lung warm. Against a hand worm ; take

ship tar, and sulfur, and pepper, and white salt, mingle

them together, smear therewith. A wax salve against

a worm ; a wax salve ; butter, pepper, white salt,

mingle them together, smear therewith.

li.

Against worms which eat a mans flesh ; pound into
new ale, before it be strained, the party coloured ram
gall,1 give the running over to drink for three nights.
Again, take groundsel which waxeth on the earth, and
sheeps grease, mingle them together, alike much in
quantity, lay on. Again, take an ear of beer or bar-
ley, singe it, lay it on so hot, and hot water, leave it
on. Against flesh worms; take mans sorrel, boil the
leaves together, spread them out on the grass, then pound
them, lay them on, as thou hottest may endure them,

Hi.

Against lice ; pound in ale oak rind and a little
wormwood, give to the lousy one to drink. Against
lice ; quicksilver and old butter ; one pennyweight of
quicksilver and two of butter; mingle all together in
a brazen vessel.

1 Menyanthes trifoliata.

126 LiECE BOO.

. LIII.

V 16 fmega pypme nipe cype <j beobpeab *j hprecenne
hlap ece. 6pt monnep heapob ban bjepn to ahpan bo
mib pipan on.

.LIIII.

Pip pypmaecum lice *j cpelbelitum acpmbe bufc •
repcpmbe bufc • ellen pmbe bufc on noppan neopan
fol. 48 a. J>am cpeope* eolonan mopan bufc. boccan mopan bufc-

pypm acmelupep bufc pipopef bufc fijlan bufc • fpeplep
bufc • ele • *j hoppep fmepu co pope *j pcipteapof lsefc •
pippa ealpa empela «j papa bufca ealpa empela jemenj
eal cealb copomne f hie ppam pam pofum eal pel
fmitenbe fmipe mib on nihc *j on mopjen aleppe.

.LV.

Pip aplejenum lice • bjiom • peltepe • $eappe • hope •
pyl on buCepan *j on linn ! fmipe mib.

. LVI.

V ypc basp pip aplejenum lice • jentm f micle peapn
niopopeapb • *j elm pmbe gpene jecnua cofomne -j meb-
bpofna bo co paetan gmb fpiSe cofomne lege on lanje
lipile op f he peapm fie oppe onfcaeppe.

Pip aplejenum lice pealp eolone fpiSe jefoben <j
niftepeapb homoppecj *j ealb fpic cnua eal Copomne
pyjun puph claS co pype fmipe mib • pceappa ponne
fimle ymb .vit. niht pete hopn on pa openan pceappan

Here an erasure occurs, as if humge had been meant, but not filled in

LEECH BOOK. I. 127

liii Book I.

Ch. liii.

Against a boring worm ; let the man eat new cheese
and beebread and wheat en loaf. Again, bum to ashes
a mans head bone or skull, put it on with a pipe,

liv.

For a wormeaten and mortified body ; dust of oak
rind, dust of ash rind, dust of elder rind, taken on the
north of the tree, and the nether part,, warm, dust
of the root of helenium, dust of root of dock, dust of
acorn meal, peppers dust, dust of rye, sulfurs dust, oil,
and horses grease for a liquid, and the least propor-
tion of ship tar, of all these equal quantities, and of all
the dusts equally much; mingle all cold together, so
that by means of the liquids may be all well smudg-
ing, or thoroughly unctuous, smear therewith at night,
and in the morning lather.

lv.

For slain, that is, stricken, body, broom, fel terra?,a a Eryihraa
yarrow, hove', boil these in butter and in honey, smear cenfuareum-
therewith.

lvi.

1 . Work a fomentation for a stricken body ; take

the mickle fern,b the netherward part, and elm rind b dspidium
green, pound them together, and for a liquor add mead
dregs, rub them up thoroughly together, lay on for
a long while, till that the sufferer be warm or walk
about.

2. For a stricken body, a salve ; helenium thoroughly
sodden, and the netherward part of hammersedge, and
old lard, pound all together, warm through a cloth
at the fire, smear therewith ; then scarify continually
about the bruise for seven nights, set a horn ! upon

1 A cupping horn.

128 LiECE BOC.

fol. 48 b. fmijie mib J?sepe blacan pealye fpa niht fpa tpa fpa

]>eapp fie *j hy opene pynb.

. LVIT.

5u/cr?. JJi]> pice bpene -j pealp • pypm pyjit pylle on meolce

<j bpmce. Sealp cnua jlaep to bufte bo hunijep teap
on lacna ]5 bolj mib.

. LVIII.

lo penpealpe *j pen bylum • pypc lne op niojopeapbpe
netlan *j op hemlice «j op j?sepe clupilitan penpyjite *j
op Jjgepe fmalan moppypte pyl ea]le peopep on butepan
*j on pceapep fmeppe o]?]5 jenoh pie jecnna eye J?a
llcan pypta on J;a?pe pealpe «j pcip teapo *j japleac *j
cpopleac *j pecgleac *j peak; menj pel bo on claS pypm
co pype fpibe1 fmipe mib.

Penpealp ontpe ceppan peabe netlan pepmob ■ tpa
penpypta • ellen pmbe • pejbpsebe • fnpan • bipceop pypt •
bnlot niSepeapb • fmepe pypt • pealt • pcipteapo • *j
pceapen fmejia. pi]? pen byle Nim cpopleac • ontpe •
fol. 49 a. eolone • clnpehte penpypt • jecnua ealle J;a p/pta fpi]?e

pel lege on.

penpealp hiopotep meaph • lpij teapo *j gebeaten pipop
*j fcip teapo.

2 [P1!7 fa ^acan blejene fyle J?am men etan tpegen
cpoppaf oSSe J;py op Jpsepe pypte )?e man on ]?peo pifan
hate"$ myxenplante«]

1 fpi$, MS.
In the margin, in a different and later hand.

LEECH BOOK. I. 129

the open scarifications, smear with the black salve, be Book I.
it for a night, be it for two, as need be, and as they
be open.

lvii.

For the disease called fig, a drink and a salve ; let
him boil worm wort in milk and drink it. A salve ;
pound glass to dust, add a drop of honey, leech the
wound therewith.

lviii.

1 . For a wen salve and for wen boils ; work the salve
of the netherward part of nettle and of hemlock, and

of the wen wort which has cloves or bulbed roots & and a Probably
of the small moorwort, boil all four in butter and in ^anunculus

' ^ j\ carta.

sheeps grease till there be enough, pound again the

same worts in the salve, and ship tar, and garlic, and

cropleek, and seMgeleek,13 and salt, mingle well, p^ h Allium

on a cloth, warm thoroughly at the fire, smear there- schaenoprasum.

with.

2. A salve for wens ; ontre, cress, red nettle, worm-
wood, the two wenworts, elder rind, waybroad, sorrel,
bishopwort, the nether part of bulot, smearwort, salt,
ship tar,1 and sheeps grease. For a wen boil ; take
cropleek, ontre, helenium, the clove rooted wenwort,
pound all the worts thoroughly well, lay the staff on.

3. A wen salve ; harts marrow, ivy tar, and beaten
pepper, and ship tar.

4. [Against the black blain, give to the man to eat
two bunches or three off the wort, which is called in
three ways, the mix en plant.2]

1 Pix navalis is occasionally prescribed by the medical authors, as
Nic. Myreps, 481, c, in the Medicse Artis Principes.

2 Atropa belladonna.

VOL. II. I

130 L.ECE BOC.

LVIIII.

1 P1]7 lyTfc a^le ' ri^m rcenc Pume peallenbef psetepef
o)?epne elep • <j hpifcep pealtep fpilc fpa msege mib peo-
pep pmgpum jeniman • hpep tojsebepe o}? ]5 hit eall
on an fie. bpmc eall be bpopan pefu hpile fcinj pmjep
on ciolan afpip2 ept eall <j ma jip J?u masje • J?onne on
mo^jen poplset blob op eapme • o$8e op fpeopan fpa
msept apsepnan mseje • «j pceappije • <j hpon onfette
opep eall fmipe ]?onne mib hatan ele «j htm sejhpset
pealtep beopge • bpuce glsebenan *j eopoppeapnep uppe on
tpeope *j mib hnepce pulle opep ppiSe ealle J>a fceappan
]?onne hie fien jefmypebe. ])i]> neujnpne banpypt bo
on fupe pletan <j on hunij ssgep geola meng tofomne
fmipe mib. 6pt penpypmaf cnua bo on.

.LX.

#
P16 bpyne pypc pealpe • gerfim gate topb <j hpsete
fbl. 49 b. healm jebsepn to bufce jemenj butu pi]? butepan bo

on pannan opep pyp apyl fpiiSe pel apeoh Jmph claft
fmipe mib.

Pi)? bpyne genlm pmulep nipepeapbep gebeat piS
ealbne pypele *j lege on. 6pt jenim lilian *j jeappan
pyl on butepan fmipe mib. ])ip pon llcan pylle pibban
on butepan *j fmipe mib.

Pi]? pon llcan pylle geappan on butepan fmipe mib.

PiJ? ]?on llcan pylle cotfcuc on pceapep fmeppe «j
attopla]?an *j eopoppeapn bo on humg o^e on peax.
Pil> J?on bo sejep J> hpite on gelome.

1 UapuXvats. 2 afpipe, as third person better.

LEECH BOOK. I. 131

llX Book I.

Ch. lix.

Against palsy; take a cup full of boiling water,
another of oil, and of white salt so much as one may
pick up with four fingers ; shake together till that it
be all one : drink all this by drops, rest awhile, poke
thy finger into the gullet, spew up again all and more
if thou 1 may ; then in the morning let blood from the
arm or from the neck, as much as he l may bear ; and
scarify and let him put something on, then after all
smear with hot oil and let him taste a trifle of salt;
employ gladden and everfern picked high up on the
tree, and cover over with nesh wool all the scarifica-
tions when they have been smeared. Against "neu-
risn" put bone wort into sour cream, and into honey,
mingle together with this the yolk of an egg, smear
therewith. Again, pound up earthworms, apply them.

lx.

1. Against a, burn work a salve; take goats tord and
halm of wheat, burn them to dust, mingle both with
butter, put into a pan over the fire, boil thoroughly
well, strain through a cloth, smear therewith.

2. For a burn, take some of the netherward part of
fennel, beat it up with old grease, and lay on. Again,
take lilly and yarrow, boil them in butter, smear
therewith. For the same, boil ribwort in butter and
smear therewith.

3. For that ilk, boil yarrow in butter, smear there-
with.

4. For that ilk, boil mallow in sheeps grease, and
attorlothe, and everfern, put them into honey or into
wax. For that same, put the white of an egg on
frequently.

The careless use of pronouns belongs to the text.

I 2

132 LJECE BOC.

]h]) bpyne pab jecnna pyl on butepan fmijie mib.

.LXI.

1 yi]> lift psepce cnua li5 pypt piS hunije oppe ceop *j

lege on. 6pu pulpep heapob ban bsepn fpiSe *j jecnua

fmale apypt; J>uph claS bo on ]5 bolj. P18 lip psepce

cnna pepmob pip teoppe *j pencepfan apping f feap op

meng tofomne clsem on ]5 li<5 pe peep fap pie jebinb

paeptre on. pi]? liS peape gelob pypt • bjvune pypt •

•j hape pypt lytelu optoft peaxep> on tune haepS

fol. 50 a. hpite blofcman jecnua Sa ppeo pypta jemenje p bip

job pealp. COanejum men lit) peau pyh$2 jepjnnj

asplep feap on «j hopnep fceapopan fpiSe fmale jepceap

cpim on )5 bolh mnan bo J> op *j fimle nipe on. pi]?

li$ feape lippypt hunbep heapob jeba^pne *j jecnnpije

*j gebpsebebne aappel • meng p eall tofomne bo f on.

6pt jennn fnpne reppel gebpaeb <j leje on • bo 5Jiut

on upan pone seppel :•

Pi]; li5 peape* jemm ma^epan menj piS hunij bo on
]3 bolj "j bmb pasfue. pip peape ^ennn acpmbe «j bpije
*j pipe to fmebman *j plahpopn pmbe mopopeapbe fypt:

1 'ApOpiTis. ; Dooms, p. 42. art. 53. " Si quis in

2 Subluvium. We find the out- i " humero plagietur ut glutinum
flowing of the synovia an object ! " compagum effluat:" Laws, Henry
of legal enactment. See ./Elfreds I., p. 265.

LEECH BOOK. I. 133

5. For a burn, pound up woad, boil it in butter, Book I.
smear therewith.

lxi.

1. Against racking pain in the joints, pound lith-
wort with honey, or chew it and lay it on. Again,
burn thoroughly the head bone or skull of a wolf and
pound it small, sift it through a cloth, put it on the
wound. Against pain in the joints, pound wormwood
with tar and fen cress, wring out the juice, mingle
together, stick the residue upon the joint where the
sore is, bind it on fast. For the synovia of the joints,
silver weed, brown wort, and the little hare wort,1 it
oftenest waxeth in a garden, it hath white blossoms,
pound the three worts, mingle them, that is a good
salve. With many men the synovia of the joints oozeth
out,2 wring on the spot the juice of an apple, and shave
very small some shavings of horn, crumble them on
the wound within it, remove that and ever apply ilie
same anew. For the synovia of the joints, burn lith-

wort,a hound shead, and .pound them up with roasted a Sambucus
apple ; mingle all that together, apply it. Again, take
a sour apple, roast and lay it on ; apply groats over
above the apple.

2. For the synovia of the joints, take may the, mingle
it with honey, apply it to the wound and bind it fast.
For the secretion of the joints, take oak rind and dry
it and work it to a fine flour or smede, and further
sloethorn rind, the nether ward part of it, sift them

1 Lcpidium ? " snpinentur, aut vicinis adfixi in-

- " Tunc articuli tumentes inflan- " cumbant, et aliquando humore

" tur, ac deinde durcscunt et soli- i " purulento vel mucilento collecto,

" dati saxeam faciunt qualitatem ; j " aut viscoso, generent poros, quos

"turn etiam nigriores eiTiciuntur, i " nos transitus dicere poterimus.'' —

" atque contorti, ut in obliqnas C?clius Anrclianus, about A.T). 230,

" partes digiti vertantur, aut reflexi ; Chron. lib. v. cap. 2.

184 L/ECE BOC.

]?a {mph cla3 *j fceab on ]? bolg. ])i% liS peape • gerinri
cetelhnum *j bepenhealm gebsepn *j jmb togaebepe <j
fcab on. Tip li]?ule utypne genim mejice mo)?opeapbne
i hunij *j hpastenef melupep fmebman *j picjxan Innel l
bexnib tofomne lege on. Gpt gennn mebopypte nioj?o-
peanbe jecnua fmale menj pi]? hunixe lexe on J?a3t
gebatob fie.

fol. 50 b. Tip li]?ule uuypne genim eceb *j fujie cpuman bejie-

nep hlapep *j penpypmap nienj2 toSomne bmb on pset
f lip mib ecebe o]?]?e mib fupan eala^S. gip li]?ule
utypne • jemm pepmob *j gecnua bo on teopo clsem
on *j bmb on paepte.

. LXII.

yip pepeji able* elehtpan* gy^pipe* pezbppgbe gecnua
on ealu last ftanban tpa nikt pele bpmcan. ]?i]? peppe
ept betonican bpmce fpi^e • *j ete J?neo fnseba. 6pt
bpinc on hluttpum ealaS pepmob • ;z;yj?pipan • betonican •
bipceoppypt • pen mmfce • boxen • fio clupihte • pen-
pypt • mapjiubie • bpmce J^pitig baia. bpenc pij? )?on •
beuonican • fppmjpypt attopla^e • bepbme • eopopj^pote •
hunbeptunze • bpeopxe bpoftle • pepmob. J?i$ ]?pibban
baezep peppe on peapimum paetpe bpmce betonican tyn
popan ]?onne to pille. ]?u5 peo^J?an baegep pepjie bpmce
pegbpaeban feap on fpetum psetpe tpam tibum aep him
fol. 51 a* fe pepeji to pille. pij? aelcep baegef pepepe bpmce

on cealbtim paefcepe betonican bufcep ^ aenne penmg
gepege • o]?ep fpilc pezbpaeban.

])ip peppe ept hylp^S fynbpixp majiubie to bpmcanne.
Pi)? lencten able pepmob eopop J?jiote • elehtjie • peg-
bpaebe • pibbe • ceppille • attoplaSe • pepeppuje • alex-
anbpe • bipceoppypt • lupefuice • Saluie • cappuc pypc to

1 Read Innelye ?

2 men, MS.

3 Uvperos, Febris.

LEECH BOOK. T. 1 3~>

through a cloth, and shed that on the wound. For Book L

C^Yt Ivi

synovia of the joints, take kettle soot and barley halm,
burn and rub them together, and shed on. If the
synovia run out, take the netherward part of marche
and honey, and the smede of wheaten meal, and the
bowels of an ear wig, rub them together, and lay on.
Again, take the netherward part of meadowwort, pound
it small, mingle with honey, lay on till it be mended.
3. If the synovia run out, take vinegar and sour
crumbs of a barley loaf, and earthworms, mingle to-
gether, and bind on ; wet the joint with vinegar or
with sour ale. If the synovia run out, take worm-
wood and pound it, put it on tar, plaster it on, and
bind it on fast.

lxii.

1. For fever disease ; pound in ale lupins, githrife,
waybroad, let it stand for two nights, administer to
drink. For fever again ; let him drink betony much,
and eat three, bits of it. Again, drink in clear ale
wormwood, githrife, betony, bishopwort, fen mint, rose-
mary, the clove rooted wenwort, marrubium, drink for
thirty days. A drink for that, betony, springwort,
attorlothe, vervain, everthroat, houndstongue, dwarf
dwosle, wormwood. For a tertian fever, let the sick
drink in warm water ten sups of betony, when the
fever is approaching. For a quartan fever, let him
drink juice of waybroad in sweetened water two hours
before the fever will to him. For a quotidian fever,
let him drink in cold water so much of the dust of
betony as may weigh a penny ; as much more of way-
broad.

2. For fever again it helpeth, to drink marruteium
alone. For lent addle, or typhus fever, work to a drink
wormwood, everthroat, lupin, waybroad, ribwort, cher-
vil, attorlothe, feverfue, alexanders, bishopwort, lovage,

136

L.EOE BOC.

fol. 51 b.

Read Inde.

bjience on pelfcutn ealab" bo halig psetep ro • *j ipjunj

pyF-

pip mon pceal ppitan on lmplbipce ■j on )-one bpenc
in lb halig pretepe J?pean ■j pngan on •

+ + -U+ + + ++CD+ + + + + + + + +
In pjuncipio ejiat uejibum et uepbum epat aput
beum et beup epat uepbum. ]0oc epat In ppmcipio
aput beum omnia pep ipSum pacua Sunt, ppeah ]?onne
J> geppit nub haln; psecpe op ]?am bifce on ];one bpenc •
img • ]?onne cpebo *j patep noptep *j bip leo]?. ueati
Inn, iculatj }?one fealm nub ab bominum )?am .XII.
gebeb pealmiim. Abmro uoS ppigopef1 et pebpeS • peji
beum patpem omnipotentem et pep emf pilium leyum
epiptum peji apcenfum et bipcenfum2 SaJuatopip noptju
ut jiecebatiS be hoc pamulo bei • et be coppuSculo
emp quam3 bommup noptep Inlummape Inftituit. Um-
cit nop leo be tpibu mba pabix bauib. Uincit uop qui
uinci non poteSt • -f xpp natmf • + xpp pafsup • -f
xpp uentujiuf • -j- amp -4 -f amp • + amp ■ -f Sep •
+ Sep- + Sep* Jn biea Salutipepip mcebenp gpepfibup
upbep • oppiba pupa uicop captpa caitella pepagpanf.
Omnia bepulplp fanabat coppopa mopbip «5 «j J?pipa ]?onne
onfupe ]?a3p paetepef fpelcef jelipas^ep J>apa manna.

iipbs

haiixovtKovs.

.LXIIi.

yi]y peonb feocum men • ]?onne beopol bone monnan
pebe o$<5e hme innan gepealbe mib able. Spipebpenc
eluhtpe • bifceoppypt ■ beolone cjiopleac jecnua toSomne
bo eala to peetan last fuanban neahtepne bo piptij
lybcopna on ^ hahg paafcep. bpenc pi J? peonbfeocum
men op cipicbellan to bpmcanne- 5y]?pipe- jlsep-6 jeappe-
elehtpe • betonice •. attopla]?e • cappuc • pane • pinul •

1 Frigora.

- Descensum.

3 Quera.

' amy = ay ios.

5 Read Oppida, rura, easas, vicos,

castella pera grans ; Sedulius,
Carm. Pasch , Lib. III., 23. Inter-
woven in the text of Beda, III.
xxviii.

6 For nc^lser, cynaoslaerran ?

LEECH BOOK. I. 137

sage, cassock, in foreign ale ; add holy water and Book I.

Ch. lxii.
spring wort.

3. A man shall write this upon the sacramental An exorcism

of fever.

paten, and wash it off into the drink with holy water,
and sing over it ... . In the beginning, etc. (John
i. 1.) Then wash the writing with holy water off the
dish into the drink, then sing the Credo, and the
Paternoster, and this lay, Beati immaculati, the psalm;1
with the twelve jDrayer psalms, I adjure you, etc. And
let each of the two 2 men then sip thrice of the water
so prepared.

Inde salutiferis incedens gressibus urbes,
Oppida, rura, casas, vicos, castella peragrans
Omnia depulsis sanabat corpora morbis.

SEDVLIVS.

lxiii.

For a fiend sick man, or demoniac, when a devil
possesses the man or controls him from within with
disease ; a speAV drink, or emetic, lupin, bishopwort,
henbane, cropleek ; pound these together, add ale for
a liquid, let it stand for a night, add fifty libcorns,
or cathartic grains, and holy water. A drink for a
fiend sick man, to be drunk out of a church bell ; church bell,
githrife, cynoglossum, yarrow, lupin, betony, attorlothe,
cassock, flower de luce, fennel, church lichen, lichen, of

1 Psalm, cxix.

- Two, the leech and the sick ; two is in sehjiseheji.

138 LiECE BOO.

cipicpaju • cpiftep maslep pagu • lupefcice • jepypc pone
fol. 52 a. bpenc op hluttpum ealao" gefinje feopon maeppan opep

pam pyptum bo gapleac «j liahj psetep to *j bpype on selcne
bpmcan pone bpenc pe he bpmcan pille ept« *j fmje
pone fealm • beati Inmaculati ^ exupjat • *j Saluum
me pac beup • *j ponne bpmce pone bpenc op cipicbellan *j
fe mseppe ppeoft htm fmge asptep pam bpence pif opep.
bomme Sancte patep omnipotent", pip bpaecfeocum
men • coft • jotpope • eluhtpe • betonice • attoplaoe •
cpopleac • holecepfan • hope • pmul • afmge mon msep-
pan opep pypce op pyhfcum ealoS *j op halig pastepe.
bpmce pipne bpenc set aBjhpilcum nipe nijon mopgenaf
*j nane oppe paatan f piece *j fcille fie • <j aslmeppan
pelle *j htm apena 50b geopnlice bibbe. J)r$ peben
heopte bifceoppypt • elehtpe • banpypt • eopoppeapn •
gippipe • heahhiolope ponne bseg fcabe 1 *j niht ponne
fmg pu on cipicean letaniaf f lp papa haligpa naman •
*j patep nopteji mib py fanje pu ga f pu fie aet pam
pyptum *j ppipa ymbga *j ponne pu hie nime jang ept
to cipicean mib py llcan panje • 'j jepmj .XII. msep-
pan opep «j opep ealle pa bpencan pe to peepe able
fol. 52 b. belimpap on peopftmynbe papa tpelpa apoftola.

.LXIIII.

uepianrou. J)ty aslope ypelpe leobpunan «j pio a3lppibenne J?ip

geppit ppit htm pip jpecifcum ftaptim • + + A + -f
O -f y° + l p B y M *»**:• B e p p N NIKNEttANI.
6pt • opep buft *j bpenc pip leobpunan • jentm bpembel
a^ppel «j elehtpan <j pollejian jecnua* fipt ponne bo on
pohhan leje unbep peopob fmj ni^on maeppan opep bo
on meoloc f bufu bpyp ppipa on halij paetepef2 pele

1 At morning twilight.

2 A partitive genitive ; liahg in lialig paetep is commonly unde-
clined, or regarded as part of a compound.

LEECH BOOK. I. 139

Christs mark or cross, lovage ; work up the clrink oft* Book i.
clear ale, sing seven masses over the worts, add garlic and
holy water, and drip the drink into every drink which
he will subsequently drink, and let him sing the psalm,
Beati immaculati, and Exurgat, and Salvum me fac, cleus, Psalm cxix.
and then let him drink the drink out of a church bell, psaim lxix.
and let the mass priest after the drink sing this over
him, Domine, sancte pater omnipotens.1 For a lunatic;
costmary, goutweed} lupin, betony, attorlothe, cropleek,
Held gentian, hove, fennel; let masses be sung over,
let it be wrought of foreign ale and of holy water ;
let him drink this drink for nine mornings, at every
one fresh, and no other liquid that is thick and still,
and let him give alms, and earnestly pray God for his
mercies. For the phrenzied ; bishopwort, lupin, bonewort,
everfern,2 githrife, elecampane, when day and night di-
vide, then sing thou in the church litanies, that is,
the names of the hallows or saints, and the Pater-
noster ; with the song go thou, that thou mayest be
near the worts, and go thrice about them, and when
thou takest them go again to church with the same
song, and sing twelve masses over them, and over all
the drinks which belong to the disease, in honour of
the twelve apostles.

lxiv.

Against every evil rune lay,3 and one full of elvish A holy amulet.
tricks, write for the bewitched man this writing in
Greek letters : alfa, omega, iesvm (?) beronikh.4 Again, ixers ?
another dust or powder and drink against a rune lay ;
take a bramble apple,a and lupins, and pulegium, pound a A blachberr^-
them, then sift them, put them in a pouch, lay them
under the altar, sing nine masses over them, put the

1 A formula of Benediction ;
several such are found in the
Missals.

3 Heathen charm.
1 Invoking the miraculous por-
trait of Christ on the kerchief of

2 Polypodium vuhjare. | St. Veronica.

140 LJ^CE BOC.

bpmcan on ppeo tiba • on unbepn • on mibbseg • on
non» gip fio abl netnum fie jeot mib lialij psetpe on
muo" J> lice bufu. Scalp elehtpe hegepipe • bipceoppyjit •
pa peaban magopan • ajimelu • cpopleac • pealt pyl on
butepan to fealpe fmipe on ]5 beapob ■j pa bpeoft.
bpenc hapan fppecel • alexanbpie • pube • elehtpe
liejepipe • bipceoppyjit • magope • cpopleac • apmelu •
fio cneoelite • penpypt bo on lialij paatep. gip mon
mape pibe • gemm elehtpan «j gapleac • «j betonican •
fol. 53 a. *j pecelf bmb on nsepce hsebbe lnm mon on *j lie

jange in on pap pypte.

.LXV.

6 pt bpenc piS lencten able pepeppuge • hpam gealla«
pmul • pegbpsebe • jefmge mon pela maeppan opep paepe
pypte -1 opgeot mib ealaft bo halij paetep on pyl fpipe
pel ojunce ponne fpa lie hatoft maege micelne fcenc
pulne aep pon fio abl to pille :• jzeopep jobfpellapa

naman y gealbop «j jebeb • 4j]T' COatheup • -f + -f- -f +
CDapcuS+ + 4- + + • lucaS • £B- • Iohannep^ + Inteji-

cebite ppo me • Tiecon • leleloth • patpon • abmpo noS.

6pt jobcunb jebeb • Jn nomine bommi fit benebic-

Eunes. tlim . ^epomce • beponicen • et habet In ueftimento et

In pern ope fuo • fcpiptum pex pejum et bommup bomi-

Rev. xix. nantjum * • 6ft jobcunb gebeb. Jn nomine fit bene-

16, dictum • MlVIIVlRiVlp-N'j-pTXXMRFpN'j-pTX.2

e^t pceal mon fpijenbe pip ppitan *j bon paf popb

fpijenbe on pa pmftjian bjieoft «j ne 5a lie m 611

f geppit ne m on bep • *j eac fpijenbe pif on bon •

HAMMANy°EL • BPONice • NOy°epTAy°EPF.

1 This use of the singular is mere I xMRMb * N J • bTX, and under-
carelessness. j stand the T as an J,

- Read KMMRMJ>< Nt KTX-

LEECH BOOK. I.

141

Book I.
Ch. lxiv.

dust into milk, drip thrice some holy water upon them,
administer this to drink at three hours, at undern, or
nine in the morning, at midday, at noon, hora nonet,
or three in the afternoon. If the disease be on cattle,
pour that ilk dust into the mouth with holy water.
A salve ; boil lupin, hedgerife, bishopwort, the red
maythe, harmala,a cropleek, salt, in butter to a salve,
smear it on the head and the breast. A drink ; put
into holy water, vipers bugloss, alexanders, rue, lupins,
hedgerife, bishopwort, maythe, cropleek, harmala, the

wenwort which hath knees.b If a mare l or hag ride b Lolium

1 tewulentwn ?

a man, take lupins, and garlic, and betony, and frank-
incense, bind them on a fawns skin, let a man have
the worts on him, and let him go in to his home.

a Peganum har-
mala, Bot.

lxv.

1. Again, a drink against lent addle or typhus ;
feverfue, the herb rams gall,2 fennel, way broad ; let a
man sing many masses over the worts, souse them
with ale, add holy water, boil very thoroughly, let the
man drink a great cup full, as hot as he may, before
the disorder will be on him ; say the names -of the
four gospellers, and a charm, and a prayer, etc.3 Again,
a divine prayer, etc., deere]?- hand- J?in« dere]?.
HAND • J?IN • thine hand vexeth, thine hand vexeth.

Again, a man shall in silence write this, and silently
put these words on the left breast, and let him not
go in doors with that writing, nor bear it in doors.
And also in silence put this on, EMMANUEL, veronica.4

1 As in night mare.

2 Menyanth.es trijoliaia.

n Leliloth is an Arabic

idol.

(Freytag.) Cf. Alilat Herod, iii.
4 The image on the kerchief.

142 L^CE BOC.

.LXVI.

fo1 53 *>• Pi]? unjemynbe <j yvS bypgunje bo on ealo bipceop

pypt • elehtpan • beronican J?a fu]?epnan pmujlan •
neptan hmbhioloSan • gy]?pipan • mepce • bnmce J?onne.
Pi]? unjemynbe *j bifjunje bo on eala capfiam • *j eleh-
tpan • bifceoppypt • alexanbpian • jippipe • pelbmopan
•j hali 5 psetep bpmce J?onne.

. LXVII.

V iS jenumenum mete • geriim elehtpan lege unbep
peopob fmg nijon maappan opep ]? pceal pi]? genume-
num mete lege unbeji f pa3t . )?e ]?u pille on melcan.1
Tip ealo apepb fie ■ genim }?a elehtpan lege on J?a
peopen pceattap J?3ep sepnef <j opep ]?a bupu «j unbep
]?one pepxpolb <j unbep f ealopset bo mib halig psetpe
J?a pynt on f eala ;

Tip mete fy apypb «j ungehpsebe mylcen oS8e pilb
o]?]?e bpy]?en • halga ]?a pypte bo on <j unbep f pset •
*j unbeji pa bupu • bo elehtpan *j clipan • *j betonican
•j bifceoppypt.

. LXVIII.

J3iJ? pon gip hunta gebite mannan f ij* fpi]?pa pleah
fol. .r)4 a. j^py pceajipan neah ppompeapbef la3t yjman ]? blob on

gpennne fticcan hseplenne peopp ponne opep peg apeg
J?onne ne bi]? nan ypel. 6^t apleah ane pceappan ou
]?am bolge gecnua lsecepypt lege on ne bij? htm nan
ypel. pi]? gongelpseppan bite • mm jepejipan niopo-

1 The Saxons used milk and pre-
parations of milk for the food of the
chnrls family. Hence the churls

cow is called his Meat cow, DP.
187, 188.

LEECH BOOK. I. 143

Ixvi Book I.

Ch. Ixvi.

Against mental vacancy and against folly; put into
ale bishopwort, lupins, betony, the southern or Italian
fennel, nepte, water agrimony, cockle, marche, then let
the man drink. For idiotcy and folly, put into ale,
cassia, and lupins, bishop wort, alexanders, githrife, field -
more, and holy water ; then let him drink.

lxvii.

1. For the better digestion of meat taken ; take lu-
pins, lay them under the altar, sing over them nine
masses, that shall avail for meat taken; lay it under
the vessel into which thou hast in mind to milk. If
ale be spoilt, then take lupins, lay them on the four
quarters of the dwelling, and over the door, and under
the threshhold, and under the ale vat, put the wort
into the ale with holy water.

2. If meat be spoilt,1 and a good quantity of milken

food, or a milking,a or brewing, hallow the worts,2 put a See ln- li!i-
them into and under the vat, and under the door ; use
lupins, and clifwort, and betony, and bishopwort.

lxviii.

In case that a hunting spider3 bite a man, that is
the stronger spider, strike three scarifications near, in
a direction from the bite, let the blood run into a
green spoon of hazel wood, then throw it over the road
away; then no harm will come of it. Again, strike a
scarification on the wound; pound leech wort; lay it
on, no harm will happen to the man. Against bite of
a weaving spider,4 take the netherward part of seferthe,

1 Cf. Luke xiv. 34. Marshall.

2 By one of the benisons in the
ecclesiastical Manuale.

3 Salticus scenicus is now de-
scribed by this name ; but it is very

appropriate for the Aranea taran-
tula, the habits of which our
author had, doubtless, learnt.
1 Aranea viatica.

144 L^CE BOC.

peapbe «j plah];opn • paje abpij to bufce je^sen mib

hunige Jacna p bolh mib. ])i]> huntan bite blace fneglap

on hattpe pannan gehypfte1 *j to bufte jejnibene • «j

pipop • «j betomcan ete J> buft «j bpmce «j on lecge.

Pr<5 huntan bite Nim nipepeapbne2 cottuc leje on

f bolh. 6pt apleah • V. pceappan ane on J?am bite

*j peopep ymbutan peopp mib ftxccan fpijenbe oye]\
psenpeg.

. LXVIIIT.

y\]> yebe hunbep plite agpimoman *j pejbpseban je-
menge mib hunige *j segep f hpite lacna ])n punbe mib
]>y. ])i\> hunbep bolje poxep elate • gpunbefpelje yy]
on butepan fmipe mib. 6pt betomcan getpipula leje
on pone bite. 6pt pejbpseban gebeat lege on. 6pt
fcl. 54 b. tpa cipan o$&e j>peo feop jebpa?b on ah fan mefig piS

pyple *j hunige leje on. 6£t gebsepne fpmef ceacan
to ahfan pceab on. 6pt jeriim pejbpseban mopan
gecnua3 pi]? pyple bo on f bolh J?onne afcpyp^S lno j3
atep apej.

.LXX.

?ij: mon fie to ppfene pyl hmbheolo]?an on pihfcum
ealaS bpmce on neaht neptij. Gtp mon fie to un-
pprene pyl on meolce J>a llcan pypt ]:onne appaenpt ]?u.
Pyl on eope meolce ept hmbhioloban alexanbpian pop-
netep polm hatte pypt J?onne bij? hit fpa liim leopoft
brS.

1 For Sehypreebe.

2 mjjepeapbe corrected to the masculine, MS.

3 Secna, MS.

LEECH BOOK. T. 145

and lichen from the blackthorn, dry it to dust, moisten Book I.
with honey, tend the wound therewith. Against bite . x
of hunting spider, black snails fried in a hot pan and
rubbed to dust, and pepper, and betony, let the man
eat the dust, and drink it, and lay it on. For bite of
hunting spider, take the netherward part of mallow,
lay it on the wound. Again, strike five scarifications,
one on the bite, and four round about it, throw the
blood with a spoon silently over a wagon way.

lxix.

For bite of mad dog; mingle with honey agrimony
and way broad, and the white of an egg, dress the
wound witii that. For wound by a hound ; foxes
clote,a groundsel, boil these in butter, smear therewith. * Burdock.
Again, triturate betony, lay it on the bite. Again,
beat waybroad, lay it on. Again, seethe two or three
onions, roast them on ashes, mingle with fat and
honey, lay on. Again, burn a swines cheek or jaiv to
ashes, shed this on. Again, take more or root of way-
broad, pound it, put it on the wound with lard, then
it will scrape the venom away.

lxx.

If a man be too salacious, boil water agrimony in
foreign ale, let him drink thereof at night fasting. If
a man be too slow ad venerem, boil that ilk wort in
milk, then thou givest him corage. Boil in ewes
milk, again, hindheal, alexanders, the wort which bight
Fornets1 palm,a then it will be with him as he would a Unknown,
liefest have it be.

1 For Fornet or Forajot, see the index of names.
VOL. II. K

146 L^CE BOG.

.LXXI.

\ lj? pseje peofan puban fpa gpene feob on ele *j on
peaxe fmipe mib ]?one psejepeofan. 6pt mm gate hsep
fmec unbep J?a bpec pi)? ]>sey paege peofan. glp hoh
fmo popab fie • mm popnetef polm feo$ on psetpe
bej?e mib f lim <j )?peah mib f lim *j pypce pealpe
op butepan fmipe septep babe.

. LXXII.

On hpilce tib blob fie to popganne on hpilce to
fol. 55 a. lsetenne. bloblsep lp to popganne plptyne mhtum sep

hlapmseppe *j septep pip <j J^pitij mhtum pop j?on J?onne
ealle setepno j?mg pleogaj? *j mannum fpifte bepiaft •
lsecap lsepbon ]?a ]?e pipofte psepon J> nan man on J?am
mon]?e ne bpenc ne bpunce ne ahpsep hif lichoman pani^e
butan hip nyb]?eapp psepe • *j Jponne on mibbelba^um
inne gepunobe pop ]?on J?e fio lypt bij? J>onne fpiboft ge-
rnengeb. Eomane him popJ?on «j ealle fuS pole pophton
eopj? huf pop J?sepe lypte pylme *j setepneppe. Gac
pecjeaft lsecap ]pte geblopene pypta J?onne fien betfte
to pypcenne je to bpencum ge to pealpum je to bufte.
}0u mon fcule bloblaefe on ]?apa fix pipa selcum on
monSe popgan *j hponne hit1 betft fie • lsecap lsepaft
eac f nan man on j?on pip nihta ealbne monan *j ept
X. mhta «j piptyne *j tpentijef *j pip *j tpeutigef «j

1 The idea is blob joplsetan, for bloblsese is feminine.

LEECH BOOK. I. 147

. . Book i.

IXXl. Ch. lxxi.

For the dorsal muscle, seethe in oil and in wax, rue
so green, smear the dorsal muscle therewith. Again,
take goats hair, make it smoke under the breech up
against the dorsal muscle. If a heel sinew be broken,
take Fornets palm, seethe it in water, foment the limb
therewith, and wash the limb therewith ; and work a
salve of butter, smear after the fomentation.

lxxii.

On what season bloodletting is to be foregone, on
what to be practised. Bloodletting is to be foregone
fifteen nights ere Lammas,1 and after it for five and
thirty nights, since then all venomous things fly and
much injure men.2 Leeches who were wisest, have
taught, that in that month no man should either drink
a potion drink, nor anywhere weaken his body, except
there were a necessity for it ; and that in that case,
he during the middle of the day should remain with-
in, since the lyft or air is then most mingled and
impure. The Romans for this reason, and all south
folk, wrought to themselves earth houses, for the boil-
ing heat and venomousness of the lyft.3 Also leeches
say that blossomed worts are then best to work, either
for drinks, or for salves, or for dust. Here is set forth
how a man shall forego bloodletting on each of the
six fives in the month, and when it is best. Leeches
teach that no man on the Rye nights old moon, and
again on the ten nights old, and fifteen nights old,
and twenty, and five and twenty, and on the thirty

1 August 1.

2 This refers to Italy and to its
plumbeus auster, Autumnusque
gravis, Libitinse quaestus acerbse.

The Italian sirocco, per autum-
nos nocentem corporibus.

K 2

148 L^CE BOO.

J?pitiTef nihra ealbne monan ne lsete blob ac betpeox
J?apa pex pipa selcum • *j nif nan bloblseptib fpa 50b
fpa on popepeapbne lencten J?onne ]?a ypelan psetan
iol. 55 b. beoj? gegabepobe ]>e on prntpa jebpuncene beoS *j on

kalenbaf appihf ealpa pelefu ];onne tpeop *j pypta
aepeft up fppyttafc J?onne peaxeS fio ypele pllefcpe *j
p ypele blob on J?am holcum j?8ep lichoman. T"ip mon-
nep blob bolh ypelije Teriim J?onne geopmen leap apylle
on psetpe *j be)?e mib • «j gecnua nio]?opeapbe lege on.
Tip J?u pille on fmbe blob poplsetan • mm cetelef hpum
gegnib to bufce pceab on ]?a punbe. TenTm pigen healm
ept -j bepen gebsepn to bufte • gip J?u ne maeje blob
bolh appi]?an genlm hoppep topb nipe abpige on funnan
o&Se be pype Tegnib to bufre ipij?e pel lege ]5 buft
fpi]>e J>icce on lmenne clao ppi]; mib J?y f blobbolh
neahtepne. Tip J?u geotenb zebpe ne maege appi]?an
jemm f pelpe blob j;e opypnS gebsepn on hatum ftane
•j gegnib to bufte lege on ]?a sebpe f bufu <j l apprS
fprSe. Tip mon ret bloblaetan on fmpe beplea meng
topomne peax <j pic *j fceapen fmepa lege on claS «j
on J> bolh.

.LXXIIl.

X\): men cme hpilc lim geriim pijen mela bo on p
]im *j nane psetan • gip J)u psetan beft to of>J?e fmepa
fol. 56 a. pealpe ne meaht j?u hit jelacnian *j pe man pceal fpi]?e

ftille beon ]>y \>u pcealt lime halne gebon.

. LXXIIIT.

pij> peaptum "j peappum1 on lime • jeriim. fingpenan
*j hunigef peap meng togsebepe bo on J>a peaptan -j

1 So in Latin Verrucas are distinguished from Vari.

LEECH BOOK. I. 149

nights old moon should let blood, but betwixt eacli of Book I.
the six fives : and there is no time for bloodletting so Ch> lxxlL
good as in early lent, when the evil humours are
gathered which be drunken in during winter, and
on the kalends of April best of all, when trees and
worts first up sprout, when the evil ratten waxeth,
and the evil blood, in the hulks or hollow frame-
works of the body. If a lancet wound grow corrupt
in a man, then take mallow leaves, boil them in water,
and bathe therewith, and pound the netherward part
of the wort ; lay on. If thou wilt stop blood running
in an incision, take kettle soot, rub it to dust, shed it
on the wound. Again, take rye and barley halm, burn
it to dust; if thou may not stanch a hlooddetting wound,
take a new horses tord, dry it in the sun, or by the
fire, rub it to dust thoroughly well, lay the dust very
thick on a linen cloth, tie up for a night the blood-
letting wound with that. If thou may not stanch a
gushing vein, take that same blood which runneth out,
dry it on a hot stone and rub it to dust, lay the dust
on the vein, and tie up strong. If in bloodletting a
man cut upon a sinew, mingle together wax, and
pitch, and sheeps grease, lay on a cloth, and on the
cut.

lxxiii.

If for a man any limb of his become chinked or
chopped, take rye meal, apply it to the limb and no
wet ; if thou puttest wet to it, or a grease salve, thou
may est not cure it, and the man shall be very still, in
that way thou shalt make him hole.

lxxiv.

Asminst warts and callosities on a limb ; take sin-
green, and juice of honey, mingle together, apply to the

150 L.ECE BOC.

peappaf. 6pt cealpep fceapn *j ahfan jemenj piS eceb
^j lege on. 6jzr pijuep pmbe gebsepn to ahfan bo eceb
to tpipula fpiSe *j lege on.

.LXXV.

J/iJ? fcuppebum nsegle • ntm gecypnabne fticcan pete
on ]?one naejl piS J?a peapta pleah ]?onne f ty blob
ipjnnje tit • pypc J>onne ]?ymel to *j lege ealb fpic on
upan J?one nsegl healb ppitig nihta pi]? psetan • Nim
ponne hpseten copn *j hunig meng toSomne lege on bo
f to o)> f hal pie.

.LXXVI.

J/i J? gic]?an boccan <j pypni melu *j pealt1 ealpa empela
meng piS fupe pletan 'j ftnijie mib J»y. ])ip gic]?an
mm fcipteapo <j lpigteapo -j ele gmb togsebepe bo
jppibban bsel fealtep2 fmipe mib ]?y.

fol. 56 b. .LXXVII.

Zip ]?u pille J> ypel fpile paSe utbepfte mm peax <j
hemlic hatte pypt gebeat gepypmeb toSomne pypc to
pealpe bmb on J?a ftopa.

.LXXVIII.

Grip men unluft fie getenge • nime betomcan J> pille
J?py penegap gepegan bptnc on fpettim psetepe.

[lxxviiil]
Zip mon ppam longum peje geteopob fie bpmce be-

1 gebon in the margin of MS., by later hand ; gebo on was meant.

2 After fealter add on.

LEECH BOOK. I. 1.51

warts and the callosities. Again, mingle with vinegar Book j
calls sharn and ashes, and lay on. Again, burn to Ch. lxxiv,
ashes withys rind, add vinegar, triturate thoroughly,
and lay on.

lxxv.

For a scurfy nail;1 take a granulated bit of wood,
set it on the nail against the warts, then strike, so that
the blood may spring out, then work a thumbstall for
it, and lay old lard above upon the nail, hold it for
thirty nights against wet, then take wheaten corn and
honey, mingle these together, lay on, apply that till
all be well.

lxxvi.

For itch, take dock and worms reduced to meal, and
salt, of all equally much, mingle with sour cream, and
smear with that. Against itch, take ship tar, and ivy
tar, and oil, rub together, add a third part of salt,
smear with that.

lxxvii.

If thou shouldst desire that an evil swelling should
rathely burst, take wax and a wort hight hemlock,
beat them together when warmed, work to a salve,
bind on the places.

lxxviii.

If to a man loss of appetite happen, let him take
betony, so much as will weigh three silver pennies,
and drink it in sweetened water.

[lxxix.]
If a man is tired by a long journey, let him drink

1 Thus. " Unguium scabritiem " -, Plin. xxx. 37.

152

LjECE boc.

tomcan on )/am luSjienaii oxumelle • f1 eceb bpenc
j?e pe 8B]i bepopan ppiton pi]? ]?a3pe healp beaban
able.

.LXXX.

J/i]? ]7on be mon hme popbpmce. bpmce betonican
on psetpe sep oJ?epne bpmcan. 6pt pyl betonican ^
eop£ geallan on hlutrpum ealao" o]?);>e on fpilcpe pseuan
ipa he bpmcan fcyle bpmce fimle a?p mete. 6pu
jeriim fpmep hmgenne gebpseb *j on neaht neptig genim
pip fnseba fimle.

. LXXXI.

yi]> miclan cele mm netelan peoj? on ele fmipe *j
pub ealne J?inne lichoman mib ie cyle gepit apej.

foi. 57 a.

. LXXXII.

2ip men lie micel psece jetenge popig jegnib on ele
fmipe binne 'jplitan mib *j ]?one lichoman ealne pun-
boplice paj?e him bi]> fio precce gemetgob.

.LXXXIII.

1 o monnep fcemne mm ceppillan ■j pubuceppllan
biiceoppypt ontpan • jpunbefpeljean pypc to bpence on
hluttpum ealaS • Nim J?peo fnseba butepan gemenje
piS hpseten mela *j jepylte ]nge mib ];y bpence bo fpa
nijon mopjenaf ma jip hip ]?eapp fie.

1 bpenc is masculine, 'p may have
been written since eceb, neuter,
comes as the next word, and so seems

most likely ; or even as early as
this, p may begin to stand for any
cender.

LKECH BOOK. I.

153

betony in the southern drink, oxymel ; the acid drink Book I.
of which we before wrote in treating of the half dead
disease.1

lxxx.

In case a man should overdrink himself; let him
drink betony in water before his other drink. Again,
boil betony and earthgall in clear ale, or in such
drink as he, the drunkard, may have to drink, let
him drink this always before meat. Again, take a
s wines lung,a roast it, and at night fasting take five a Plin.xxx.5i.
slices always.

lxxxi.

Against mickle cold ; take nettles,b seethe them in b See Catullus,
oil, smear and rub all thine body therewith : the cold x
will depart away.

Ixxxii.

If to a man there betide much wakefulness, rub
down a poppy in oil, smear thy forehead therewith,
and all thy body, wonderfully soon the wakefulness
will be moderated for him.2

lxxxiii.

For a mans voice ; take chervil, and wood chervil,
bishop wort, "ontre," groundsel, work these to a drink
in clear ale. Take three slices of butter, mingle with
wheaten meal, and salt it, swallow this with the above
drink ; do so for nine mornings, more if there be need
of it.

5 No such disease had been men-
tioned in this book ; it is found, IT.
lix, with the receipt for oxymel.

2 The change of pronouns is an
error of the text.

154 LMCE BOC.

LXXXIIII.

Xip mon J>ung ete a]?eie butepan <j bpmce* fe J^ung
xepit on J?a butepan. 6ft: pij? J?on ftanbe on heapbe
aplea him mon pela fceappena on J>am pcancan j?onne
jepit ut ]? attep Jmph J?a pceappan.

. LXXXV.

(xip mon punbije pij? lnf peonb to gepeohtanne itse]?
fpealpan bpibbaf gefeo]?e on pine ete ponne sep • oJ>J?e
py lie pa3tpe feoSe.

. LXXXVI.

y\]> miclum xonje opep lanb ]>y lsep he teopije

mucgpypt nime him on hanb oj?J?e bo on hip pco ]?y

lgep he mejnie <j J?onne he niman pille sep punnan

upianje cpe]?e ]?af popb sepefc. Tellam1 fee aptemepia

fol. 57 b. ne lapfup fum 2 In uia • jefena hie J>onne J>u up teo:-

. LXXXVII.

!Zip mannep peax pealle pypc him pealpe ntm j?one
miclan J?unj *j hajian fppecel *j eapypte nio]?opeapbe •
*j pepbpypt • pypc op J?sepe pypte «j op Jnftim eallum
ba pealpe *j op J?8epe butepan ]?e nan psetep on ne
come. Tip peax pealle apylle eopoppeapn <j bej?e f heapob
mib J?y fpa peapme. J7iJ? )?on gip man calu fie • plmiup
Nowhere. fe micla lsece fej); jupne lsecebom • jentm beabe beon

jebsepne to ahfan «j lmfseb eac bo ele to on J> feo)?e
fpij?e lanje opep glebum afeoh )?onne «j appinge *j nime
pehep leap jecnupije jeote on J?one ele • pylle ept
hpile on jlebum afeoh |?onne fmipe mib septep ba|?e.

1 Kead Tollam. 2 Read fun.

LEECH BOOK. I. 155

Ixxxiv. Book l

If a man eat wolfs bane, let him eat and drink but-
ter, the poison will go off in the butter. Again for
that, let him stand upon his head, let some one strike
him many scarifications on the shanks, then the venom
departs out through the incisions.

lxxxv.

If a man try to fight with his foe, let him seethe
staith swallow nestlings 1 in wine, then let him eat
them ere the fight, or seethe them in spring water.

lxxxvi.

For mickle travelling over land, lest he tire, let him
take mugworta to him in hand, or put it into his shoe, Vol. I. xi. l.
lest he should weary, and when he will pluck it, be-
fore the upgoing of the sun, let him say first these
words, " I will take thee, artemisia, lest I be weary on
the way," etc. Sign it with the sign of the cross,
when thou pullest it up.

lxxxvii.

1. If a mans hair fall off, work him a salve, take
the mickle wolfs bane, and vipers bugloss, and the
netherward part of burdock, and ferdwort, work the
salve out of that wort, and out of all these, and out
of that butter on which no water hath come. If hair
fall off, boil the polypody fern, and foment the head with
that, so warm. In case that a man be bald, Plinius,
the mickle leech, saith this leechdom : take dead bees,
burn them to ashes, and linseed also, add oil upon that,
seethe very long over gledes, then strain, wring out,
and take leaves of willow, pound them, pour the juice
into the oil, boil again for a while on gledes, strain
them, smear therewith after the bath.

1 Sand martins, hirundines ripariat^

156 LJECK BOC.

JDeapob baej? pio J?on • peligep leap pylle on psetepe
J>peali mib ]?£ asp j;u hit fmepupe «j J?a leap cnua fpa
gefoben ppi}? on mht on o\> f bio fie1 bpige f J?u mseje
fmejipan septep. mib ]?8epe fealpe bo fpa .XXX. mhta
lenr, gip hip J?eapp fie. pi J? )?on )?e2 ha?ji ne peaxe
fol. 58 a. yemettan sejpu Tenim ;z;mb fmit on ]?a frope ne cymS

J?a3p nsepjie seniT, peax tip ;

Tip hasp to )?icce fie jenim fpealpan gebsepn unbep
tijelan to ahfan <j last fceaban ]?a ahpan on.

. LXXXVIII.

]h]> hoppep hpeople • mm ]?a3 hapanpypt cnua pel
gemeng ]?onne pi8 pepfcpe butepan pyl fpiSe on but-
pan bo on f hop]' fpa hit hatofc mseje fmipe aelce
baege bo fimle J?a pealpe on • t,ij: fio hpeopol fie micel
jemm hlonb Tehaet mib fcanum J?peah mib J>y hlonbe
fpa hatum f hopf* ]xmne hit bpige fie fmipe mib
]?a3]ie pealpe lacna inne. 6pt jemm pjmian fealt2
Tehset f>peah mib ]?y • *j (Sonne bpije fie fmine mib
pipcep fmeppe. Tip hopf jeallebe fie • mm gepelpepomj
pypt *j TOtpo]?an • <j maxe}>an jecnua pel bo butepan
to pping pastenbe J?uph clao" bo hpit fealt on hpep.
fpi]?e lacna J^one geallan mib. pi]? hoppep geallan ntm
aepc)?notan *j j6tpoJ>an upepeapbe *j bojen eac fpa cnua
tofomne pyl on pyple *j on butepan afeoh ]?uph cla$
fmipe mib. :•

Tip hopp fie opfcoten o]?J?e o]ep neat mm omppan
fol. 58 b. pasb -j fcittifc peax T,epm;$e mon .xii. maeppan opep «j

bo hah§ pseteji on f hopp oooe on fpa hpilc neat fpa
hit fie hapa Se ]?a pypte fimle mib.

]?ij? J;on llcan ntm tobpecenpe nseble eage ftmje
hmban on ];one by plan ne bi]? nan teona. :•

1 For fieri. ' Read pyman fealter, as before,

2 Read jhJ> >on p. xxxii. 2. ?

3 After I?a a word appears want-
ing.

LEECH BOOK. I. 1 f>7

2. A head bath for that ; boil willow leaves in water, Book I.
wash with that, ere thou smear it, and pound the Ch. lxxxvn.
leaves so sodden, bind on at night, till they be dry,

that thou may after smear with the salve ; do so for
thirty nights, longer if need for it be. In order that
the hair may not wax ; take emmets eggs, rub them
up, smudge on the place ; never will any hair come
up there.

3. If hair be too thick, take a swallow, burn it to
ashes under a tile, and have the ashes shed on.

lxxxviii.

1. For a horses lepros}^,1 take the hare-
wort, pound it well, then mingle with fresh butter,
boil thoroughly in butter, put it on the horse as hot
as possible, smear every day, always apply the salve.
If the leprosy be mickle, take piss, heat it with stones,
wash the horse with the piss so hot ; when it is dry,
smear with the salve, apply also leechdoms inwardly.
Again, take runnings of salt, heat them, wash with
that, and when it is dry, smear with fishes grease. If
a horse be galled, take stichwort, and goutweed, and
maythe, pound well, add butter, wring it wetting it
through a cloth, add white salt, shake thoroughly,
leech the gall therewith. For a horses gall, take ash-
throat, and the upward part of goutweed, and rosemary
also, pound together, boil in fat and in butter, strain
through a cloth, smear therewith.

2. If a horse or other neat be elf shot,2 take sorrel
seed and Scottish wax, let a man sing twelve masses
over it, and put holy water on the horse, or on what-
soever neat it be, have the worts always with thee.

3. For the same ; take an eye of a broken needle,
give the horse a prick with it behind in the barrel,
no harm shall come.

1 Grease in the legs ?

2 The Scottish phrase for this disease ; see the Glossary.

158 LMCE BOC.

Book IL

.1. jpAS lsecebomap belimpaS to ealltiiii mnoJ?a met-
tpymneppum. :.

.11. Lsecebomaf pi)? majan pape ealjia • x. *j pp fe
maga a]?eneb fie *j hpset he J?ic;$ean pcyle on J?aepe
able. :.

.ill. Laecebomap be gefpelle y pape J?sep majan hu
him mon fcyle blob lsetan. :.

.nil. Lsecebomap pi)? heapbum fpyle J?sep majan *j
fmepeneppa «j hpset he J?icjean pcyle. :•

.V. Lseeebomap pi]? majan a]?unbeneppe *j hpset he on
J?sepe able J?icje.

.VI. Lsecebomaf pi)? unlufte <j plastan ]?e op majan
cymS <j hpset he ]?icgean fcyle • nil. cpa?ptaf. :•

.VII. Lsecebomaf pi$ abeabobum majan *j pp he pop-
fojen fie «j tacn abeabobep ma^an hu J> ne jemylt f
he J^ijeJ? • vi. lsecebomap. :•

fol. 59 a. .viii. Lseceboraap pi]? pane <j unlufce J?sep magan pe

)?e ne mseg ne mib mete ne mib bpmcan beon gelacnob
•j bitejie hpsecetunje ]?popa8 • nil. cpseptap.

.villi. Lsecebomaf pi J? mpunbe majan. :•

.X. Lsecebom pi$ plsettan «j to hsetenne untpumne

majan ;

.xi. Lsecebom pi]? aj>unbeneppe majan pmbijpe *j

ej?unje.

.xii. Lsecebom pi)? fpip)?an «j pi)? )?on *$e him mete

unbep jepunian nelle. :•

.xiii. Lsecebom pi)? majan fppmge. :•

.Xlin. Lsecebom prS ealhim majan untpumneppum. :•
.XV. Lsecebom pi J? J?sep majan fpjunje )?onne ]?uph

mu)? bitepe hp?ecS o]?]?e bealcet o)?]?e hmi on ]?am

LEECH BOOK. II. 159

Book II.

Book H.

i. These leechdoms belong to all disorders of the Contents.
inwards.

ii. Leechdoms for sore of the maw, in all ten, and
if the maw be distended, and what the patient shall
eat in that disorder.

iii. Leechdoms for swelling and sore of the maw,
how one must let him, the patient, blood.

iv. Leechdoms for hard swelling of the maw, and
smearings, or unguents, and what the patients diet
shall be.

v. Leechdoms for puffing up of the maw, and what
the patient shall partake of in this disorder.

vi. Leechdoms for want of appetite and for nausea,
which cometh of the maw, and what the patient shall
eat ; four crafts, or skilful recipes.

vii. Leechdoms for deadened maw, and if it have bad
lymph, and tokens of deadened maw, how that digests
not, which it eateth ; six leechdoms.

viii. Leechdoms for sore and want of appetite of the
maw, which may be cured neither with meat nor
drink, and suffereth bitter risings in the throat ; four
receipts.

ix. Leechdoms for an inward wound of the maw

x. A leechdom for nausea, and to heat an infirm
maw.

xi. A leechdom for windy inflation of the maw, and
for puffing up.

xii. A leechdom for spewing, and in case that a
. mans meat will not keep down.

xiii. A leechdom for flux of the maw.

xiv. A leechdom for all infirmities of the maw.

xv. A leechdom for irritation of the maw when there
is a bitter heart burn in the mouth, or there is belching,

160

LiECE BOC.

fol. 59 b.

fol. 60 a.

majan ye mete abitepaS «j pyjej)1 «j hu fio ablapunj
jjajp mag an cym5 op fam blacum omura, :•

.XVI. LsBcebomaj* y tacn ]?a?p hatan omihtan majan
ungemet psepta <j ]?iep ungefceabhce cealban majan
tacn hu pe hata omihta maja unjernet Jmpfu «j fpol
Jrpopao" «j neaponeppe *j gefpogunga «j jemobep tpeonunje
unlufc ge plastta • *j hu bone cealban majan ungelic-
lice mettap lyfte • lsecebomaf to bsem micle «j e)?ele •
«j be lattpe meltunge fumna metta.

.xvii. Lsececpaaptap be lippe mipSenhee gecynbo *j
ablum *j hu hio on J?a fpiSpan fiban apeneb bij> o]?
pone nufeopan • «j hu hio bij> p'ipheppebu • ■j hu hio ip
blobep timbep «j hup «j pte pex }?ing pypceaj? lipep-
pjepce «j lacnung papa ealpa ■j fpeotol tacn papa ealna
je be micgean ge be unlufte • ge be hip hipe • *j
ofjium manejum tacnum.

.xviii. Lsecap lgepaS pipne kecebom pip lippe fpyle «j
apunbeneppe. :•

.xviili. Laaceap fecgeap pap tacn be afpollenpe *j
jepunbabpe lipne • *j lrecebomaf pi 8 pon • *j be pajpe
hppe heapbunge.

.XX. Lsecap lsepao" pip pip paape lippe pnnbe ponne
pe fpyle ge pynmp tobypft. :•

.xxi. Lsecebomap *j tacn aheapbobjie lippe • *j ablap-
enpe on mamjpealbe pifan ge on pam lseppum je on
pain upepurn ge on pam pilmenura je on pam holcum
paepe lippie.

.xxii. Lrecebomap pi]? psepe gepelan2 heapbneppe psepe
lippe «j pealpa *j pyptbpencaf oppe jip hio tobypfu -j
nipep geprc oSSe upafcilrS oppe to lanjfum pyp$ fio
un^epele aheapbunj J>a3pe lippe ;

1 The text has rugcS.

-As the same reading occurs in

the full text we cannot alter to
ungejcelan.

LEECH BOOK. II. 101

or if the meat turns bitter in the maw and lie hie- Book II.
kets, and how the upblowing of the maw cometh of (Stents.
black bile.

xvi. Leechdoms and tokens of the hot inflamed maw,
immeasurably fast, and not to be moved, and of the
unreasonably cold maw ; tokens how the hot inflamed
maw suffers infinite thirst, and swealing heat, and op-
pression, and swoonings, and vacillation of the mind,
loss of appetite or nausea ; and how variety of meats
pleases the cold maw ; leechdoms for both, mickle and
noble ; and of the late digestion of some meats.

xvii. Leechcrafts of the various nature and disorders
of the liver, and how it is extended on the right side
as far as the pit of the belly, and how it is five lobed,
and how it is the material and home of blood ;
and that six things work acute pain in the liver, and
the cure of all these, and a plain token of them all,
either by the urine, or by loss of appetite, or by
the mans complexion, and by many other tokens.

xviii. Leeches teach this leechdom for swelling and
puffing up of the liver.

xix. Leeches speak of these tokens of a swollen and
wounded liver; and leechdoms for that; and of harden-
ing of the liver.

xx. Leeches teach this for wound of the liver, when
the swelling or matter bursteth forth.

xxi. Leechdoms and tokens of a hardened and puffed
up liver in manifold wise, either in the lobes, or in
the margins, or in the membranes, or in the hollows,
of the liver.

xxii. Leechdoms for the sense of hardness of the
liver, and salves, and wort drinks, or if it burst and
descend downwards or mounteth up upwards,1 or if
the insensibility and hardness of the liver become too
prolonged.

1 All the viscera were supposed to get out of place.
VOL. II. L

IG2

LMCE BOC.

.xxiii. Lascebomaf hpret him fie to popjanne on
lipep able hpret him fie to healbanne je on hocebo-
mum ^e on mete • *j tacn f ye fpile ]?pman ne msej
ne ntynnan on ]?9epe lippe.

.xxiiii. LaBcebomaf *j pyptbpencaf pi]? eallum hpep
prepcum ealpa J?peotyne *j glp hpep peaxe. :•

.xxv. Lsecap eac be eallum pambe cojmm *j ablum
fpeotol tacn punbon *j becebomap *j hu mon ]?a ypelan
psetan hrepe pambe lacnian fcyle *j ]?onne abl to J??epe
pambe pile pop j?a3pe ypelan omihtan psetan cneop
hatiaft1 lenbenn hepepaS papiaS ]?apa lenbena lipan •
tojeote)?2 betpeox fculbpum utjong jemenjeb.

fol. cob.

.XXVI. Lsecebomaf pp fio pamb punb brS hu J> mon
ongitan ma3je <j jelacnian • V. cpseptaf. :•

.XXVII. Lascebomap be pambe mipSenhcpe jecynbo
oJ?J>e mipbypbo hu J> mon msege onptan «j gelacman
*j be pambe hattpe jecynbo • *j be cealbpe «j pa?tpe
gecynbo *j be hattpe «j bpijpe jecynbo *j f hremeb ]?mj
ne buje • J?yppum lichoman *j ne fcebe]? hatum ne
psetum • feopon cpseptap *j ]pte luemeb {nnj fpiSoft
ejlaS bam $e hopn able habba^. :•

.xxviii. Lsecebomaf pij? ]?on J?e monnep f upeppe hpip
fie jepylleb prS ypelpe paetan «j be pmbijpe pambe. :•

.xxviiii. Lsecebomaf pi]? ]?on J?e mete untela mylte
•j cippe on pule <j yple psetan o)?];e pcittan. :•

1 Eead healciaft ? but hatia'8 is in
the full text.

2 Read cogetteja from the full
text

LEECH BOOK. II. 163

xxiii. Leechdoms, telling what the sick man hath Book it.
to forego in liver disorder, what he hath to hold by, Contents.
either in leechdoms or in meat, and tokens that the
swelling may not dwindle nor run off in the liver.

xxiv. Leechdoms and wort drinks for all liver pains,
thirteen in all, and if the liver wax.

xxv. Leeches also have found a plain token for all
wamb ! diseases and disorders, and leechdoms, and how
a man shall treat the evil humours of the wamb, and
when disease will be at the wamb, for the evil in-
flammatory humours ; the knees rt are hot/' the loins are
heavy, the sinews of the loins are sore, there are
spasms between the shoulders, the discharge is of a
mixed nature.

xxvi. Leechdoms if the wamb be wounded, and how
a man may understand that, and hoiv cure it ; five
crafts or receipts.

xxvii. Leechdoms regarding the various nature and
misbehaviour of the wamb, how a man may under-
stand and how treat that, and of the hot nature of
the wamb : and of its cold and moist nature, and of
its hot and dry nature,2 and how the congressus
sexuum is not holesome for a dry body, and how it
scatheth not a hot nor a wet one : seven crafts : and
that swiving most severely hurteth them who have
the disease of foul humours.

xxviii. Leechdoms in case that the upper part of the
belly of a man be filled with evil humour, and of
the windy wamb.

xxix. Leechdoms in case that meat digest not well,
and turn to foul and evil humour or fasces.

1 The maw is the organ of di-
gestion, the stomach ; the wamb
is the venter, whatever that may
mean.

3 The " hot and cold, wet and
" dry " theory was an attempt of

the " rationalis disciplina " of the
Hellenes to arrive at scientific
generalizations ; it is traceable
among the works attributed to Hip-
pokrates and in Aristoteles.

l2

164 L^CE BOC.

.xxx. Lrecebomaf gip bu pille ]5 Jnn pamb fie
fimle gefunb *j be coSe *j fape be pambe co^e *j mne-
papan fape *j to pambe gemethcunge fyxtyne cprep-
taS. :•

.xxxi. Lsecebomap *j tacnunj on );am poppe *j fmaal
]>eajime *j on utjonge hu hie ]?popia3 opuuetne Jmpfc •
•j unlufc • -j be lnopa hipe «j ]>am napolan «j prejpeofan
*j baao peapme ^ nipefeo]?an «j milte1 pcape *j hu un-
lseeap penaS f f lie lenbenabl o]^e milu psepc *j hpaep
] a pamb feocan J>a able J?popien «j hu him pie • *j hu
fol. Gia. lnopa mon tilian pcyle peopep pipa.2 :•

.xxxii. Lfecebomap hu mon fpa jepabne man lacnian
pcule • je mib blobloepe *j pealpe *j baSo *j lacnunj on
]> ljjiip to Senbanne • *j ]?ap lsecebomap magon prS
lenbenece • «j pp mon fonbe mije • pi]?,ut piepce • piS
majan ablum *j clapunga *j pipa bebrepneppum • *j be
]>fepe cooe hu man lyfue utgan *j ne maaj • *j pp pe
utjanj fie pinbig *j paatepig «j blobig • xn. pi fan.

.xxxiii. Laacebomap pi(5 J;a3pe ppecnan coSe J?e fe
mon hip utgang ]mph Sone muS him ppam pypp$ *j
afpipan pceal • *j prb TnnoSpunbum *j fmrel beapma
fape • «j pic5 tobpocenum mno];um *j pi)? poptojeneppe
mean • *j pio J^sepe pambe j;e late my It «j pe ]?apa laece-
boma ne jimS J>onne becym'S him on paatep bolla hpep
paapc miluep pap micgean pophaepbnep pambe ablapunj
lenbenpsepc fonb «j franaf on blasbpan peaxaS ]>neotync
cpa?ptap. :•

1 Read milre -j. - Before erasure, piran.

LEECH LOOK. II. 165

xxx. Leechdoms if thou will that thy wamb be al- Pook H.
ways sound, and oi disease and sore ; and ot disease ot
the wamb and sore of the intestines, and for the
moderation 2 of the wamb ; sixteen receipts.

xxxi. Leechdoms and symptoms marking of the rope
gut and small gut, and of the faecal discharge ; how
they suffer unbounded thirst and loss of appetite; and
of their complexion or hue, and of the navel, and the
dorsal muscles, and rectum, and pit of the belly, and
milt, and share or pubes, and how bad leeches ween
that that is loin disease or milt wark, and where the
wambsick suffer the disorder, and how it is with them,
and how a man shall treat them : four methods.

xxxii. Leechdoms how a man shall cure one so
afflicted, whether with bloodletting, and salve, and
baths, and how to send curatives into the belly.
And these leechdoms are efficacious against loin ache,
if a man mie sand, for dysentery, for diseases of the
maw, and gripings, and womens tendernesses, and of
the disease where a man would evacuate and is not
able (tenesmus), and if the discharge be windy, and
watery, and bloody. Twelve methods.

xxxiii. Leechdoms for the perilous disease in which
a man casteth from him and speweth, as they sa}^, his
excrement through the mouth ; and for wounds of the
inwards, and sore of the small guts, and for laceration
of the inwards, and for inward spasm ; and for the
wamb which digests late, and the man who is not
affected by the leechdoms ; there cometh on him
dropsy, pain in liver, sore of spleen, retention of urine,
inflation of belly, pain in loins, sand and stones wax
in the bladder. Thirteen receipts.

1 The " temperies " and " ccmmoderatio ventris," that it be neither too
hot nor too cold.

166 LiECE BOC.

.xxxiiii. Laecebomap *j be peep mannep mihtum fceal
fol. 61 b. mon pa laecebomaf pellan pe ponne jepo^e fynb • ge

heapbe • je heoptan • *j pambe • *j blasbpan *j po^epan*
*j hu jeajxep hit fie be hasto «j cele «j pip lattpe mel-
tunge • o^e jlp pamb poppeaxen *j poppunbob fie •
*j gip mon fie mnan popblapen • *j pi<5 pambe ppmum l
*j jicptim* ny^an pipan. :•

.xxxv. LaBcebomap be cilba opeppyllo *j pambe «j pp
htm mete tela ne mylte *j turn fpat opja *j ftmce
pule. :•

.xxxvi. Laecebomaf be milte paepce *j f he bi$ on
pa pmptpan2 fiban *j tacn fepe able hu hijeleafe hi
beoS -j hu Ian 3 fe milte fie «j be psep miltep pilmene
on pa pmfupan healpe be hleahtpe pe op milte cymS •
hu pe milte eeghpset ppopab* peep pe open limo je hat
je cealb • <j be basSe *j haBineb pmge *j hpanan fio
hasto cume *j cele p8ep miltep eahta cpaaptaf. :•

.xxxvii. Laecebomaf hu mon fcyle pone monnan

Innan *j utan mib cealbum *j hatum laecebomum lac-

fol, 62 a. man *j hpilc mete him fie to pic^enne *j hpilc him fie

to popjanne. :•

.xxxviii. Laecebomaf hu mon pceal pa paatan «j pon-
pceapta utan lacnian *j be pam paatum yplum peep
miltep *j pi 3 plipunge psetan paep miltep. :•

.xxxvmi. Laecebom pip pmbijjie apunbeneppe pa?p
miltef fio cymS op aepla aate *j hnuta • *j pyfena • *j
hunijep a3te «j pone pop «j mnepopan *j pambe «j

1 j'yjimum in the full text. - pmfcjian, MS.

LEECH BOOK. II. 1G7

xxxiv. Leechdoms; and the leeclidoms which are Book II.
suitable to the case shall be administered according to CoNTL*TS-
the mans powers, whether in head, or heart, and of
wamb, and bladder, and lymph; 2 and according as
the time of year may be, in regard to heat and cold;
and for late digestion, or if the wamb be overgrown
and wounded ; and if a man be blown out inwardly ;
and for prurience, and itchings of the wamb ; nine
methods.

xxxv. Leechdoms for the overfilling or surfeit of
children, and for their wamb, and if their meat digest
not well, and if sweat pass from them and stink
foully.

xxxvi. Leechdoms of pain in the milt, and that
the milt is on the left side, and tokens of the disease,
how reckless the sick are, and how long the milt
is, and of the film or membrane of the milt on the
left side, and of splenetic laughter, which cometh of the
milt, how the milt suffereth everything of that which
other limbs suffer either hot or cold; and of the bath,
and of sexual commerce, and whence the heat cometh
and the cold of the milt : eight receipts.

xxxvii. Leechdoms how a man shall tend the man
within and without with cold and hot leechdoms,
and what meat he is to take, and what he is to
forego.

xxxviii. Leechdoms how a man shall cure the hu-
mours and the livid complexion by external applica-
tions, and of the evil humours of the milt, and of the
lubricity of the humours of the milt.

xxxix. A leeehdom for a windy swollen state of the
milt, which cometh of eating of apples, and of nuts,
and of peas, and of honey, and which puffeth up
throughout the rope gut, and the intestines, and the

1 Gastric juice.

168 L^CE BOC.

ma j an ]>a jeonb blapab • *j pi$ pojepan *j feaban J?e op
milte cymS • *j liu fio abl gepent on paatep bollan
eallep tyn cpajptap. :•

.XL. Lascebomaf be ablapunje «j aheapbunge pasf
blobef on Jam milte. :

.xli. Lascebomaf pip psepe heapbneppe «j lane miltep
*j liu mon 111335 fpmep blsebjian mib ecebe jepylbpe
gehnepcan pa heapbneppe *j pi]? eallum mablum ppy
crisej:t:aS.

.XIII. La3cebomaf jtp omihtpe blob *j ypele paetan
on bam milte pyn pmbenbe ponne pceal him mon
blob laetan on pap pipan pe peop lseceboc fejp • *j
be bsep blobep lnpe. :•

.XLIII. LaBcebomap lipset htm on ]nepe able to pic-
fol. 62 b. genne fie hpset; to popganne.

.xliiii. La3Cebom ept pe pe f ypel uttihS op ]?am
milte fjnoe a^pele ■ *j pe eac beah pi]? niajan ablapunxe
*j Innoba lmepcep pa pambe pynnap pa oman • bitejte
bnsecetunge apej be]? *j bjieofu cope . *j pib pyepc • *j
lipep able *j milte pa^pc • *j pambe pmb eal pa liht. :

.XLV. LaBcebomap «j i'piobpenc pi J? alpollenum. :•

.xlvi. Lascebomaf pip jehpaBpeppe fiban pape *j tacn
punboplicu bpanan fio cume *j hu fio abl topeapb lie •
•j bu mon papa tilian pcyle.

.XLVH. Lacebomap pa 3e pynnimje ha^bben *j linal-
unje msejen • pam lichoman pe ]?a ba3to mebmicle
oppe ftnanje ppopien «j liu mon fcyle fpmef blabpan
on bon. :•

.xlviii. Lacebomaf peljian pp Jap oppe belpe ne
iyn hu him mon eac blob pcyle latan.

.xlviiii. Lacebomaf *j peax pealpa *j pceappunga pip
fiban pape «j hpaet he J?icjean pcyle. :•

LEECH BOOK. II. 1G9

wamb or venter, and the maw or stomach, sobbing Book IL

CvO\ T K N T S

and watery congestions which come from the milt,
and how the disease turneth into dropsy : in all ten
crafts.

xl. Leechdoms for inflation and for hardening of the
blood in the milt.

xli. Leechdoms for the hardness and sore of the milt,
and how a man may with a swines bladder filled
with vinegar, make nesh the hardness ; and for all
its inward diseases ; three recipes.

xlii. Leechdoms in case inflammatory blood and ill
humours in the milt are enlarging it : then shall the
sick be let blood in these ways which this Leech book
saith ; and of the hue of the blood.

xliii. Leechdoms telling what during that disorder
is to be the diet, and what food is to be foregone.

xliv. A leechdom, again, a very noble one, which
draweth out the evil out of the milt ; and this leech-
dom is also efficacious for puffing up of the maw and
of the inwards ; it maketh nesh the wamb, it thinneth
the hot secretions, it doth awa}^ bitter throat risings,
and breast disease, and side pains, pleurisy, and liver
disease, and milt pains, and wamb wind ; all them it
lighteneth.

xlv. Leechdoms and a powerful potion for the swollen.

xlvi. Leechdoms for sore of either side, and wondrous
tokens whence the disease cometh, and how it is
imminent, and how it should be dealt with.

xlvii. Leechdoms which have the main or virtue of
thinning and smalling or small making ; for the bodies
which suffer a moderate or strong heat, and how a
swines bladder should be applied.

xlviii. Better leechdoms if these others are not for
a help, how, also, the patient shall be let blood.

xlix. Leechdoms, and wax salves, and scarifications
for sides sore, and a declaration what he, the sick,
shall take for diet

170 LMCK BOC.

.L. Laecebomaf ept pi8 fiban pane,
fol 63 a. . li. Leecebomap pi 3 lunjen able «j laj?hcu tacn hpanan

fio abl cume <j hu mon lacman fcyle • bpencap *j pealpa
<j bpipaf je piS lunge punbe *j pp lungen bpeo]?e • *j
pp lungen bpupje an *j tpentig cpaepta.

.lii. LaBcebomaf -j fpipebpencap mannum to hsele *j
pp man hme open jemet bnece to fpipanne *j ept
pece bjienc o)?J?e pp bjtenc op men nelle eallef tpentig
bpencea. :•

.liii. L?ecebomaf *j leohte bpencaf mannum to hselo
*j unfpiule bpenceap pi]> untpumum mnojmm eahta
cpseptaf. :•

.LIIII. LaBcebomap <j bpencaf pr3 mftice <j pp ftice
butan mno]?e fie.

. lv. Lsecebomaf *j bpencaf pp mon mnan pophaspb
fie «j pi]? income *j p?ep co)?e. :•

.lvi. Leecebomaf pp mon fie on utpsepce *j tacn be
utpihte ge on j?am upeppan hpipe je on J?am ni)?eppan
•j hpanan fio abl cume *j hu mon hie pcyle lacman *j
hpa^t mon ]?icjean fcyle <j ept pi}? ]?on pp mon blobe
ane utypne *j pi]? miclum pape *j ablauneppe J?8ep m-
fol. 63 b. no]?ep o]?]/e pp mon pop poppep untjvumneppe utypne

o]?]?e pp hpa blobpyne J?popije on ]?am nij?eppan baelum
hip lichoman oJ?)?e pp hpam pie micje on blob pp hio
jehpyppj) • oSSe pp mon utganj na?bbe ^ ept uu-
ypnenbe bpip pip *j hunb feopontig laaceboma.

.LVli. Laacebomap pi]? ]?eapmep utjange *j pp men

bilyhte fie ymb J>one J?eapm *j pi$ blsec1 J?eapmef

utjanje nijon pi pan. :•

1 Read beec.

LEECH BOOK. II. 171

1. Leeclidoms again for sides sore, that is, pleurisy. Book II.

li. Leeclidoms for lung disease and loathsome tokens °^TE>TS-
or symptoms, whence the disease cometh and how one
shall cure it ; drinks, and salves, and brewits, be it for
lung wound, or if a lung perish, or if a lung get dry ;
-one and twenty crafts or recipes.

lii. Leeclidoms and spew drinks for men for their
health : and if a man strain himself above measure to
spew, and again a weak drink, or if a drink or draught
of medicine will not pass away from a man. In all
twenty drinks.

liii. Leeclidoms and light drinks for men for their
health, and unspewing drinks, or potions not emetic,
for infirm inwards ; eight crafts.

liv. Leechdoms and drinks for an inward stitch,
and if there be a stitch outside the inwards.

lv. Leechdoms and drinks if a man be inwardly
bound up, and for inward disease, and sudden disease.

lvi. Leechdoms if a man be afflicted with painful
evacuation, and tokens of dysentery, either in the
upper part of the belly or in the nether, and whence
the disease cometh, and how a man shall cure it, and
what a man shall take for diet; and again in case
that a man evacuate with blood only, and for mickle
sore and upblowing of the inwards, or if a man, from
infirmity of the rope gut or colon, have diarrhoea, or
if one suffer a bloodrunning in the nether parts of his
body, or if any ones mie or urine be of blood, or if
it turneth,1 or if a man have no evacuation, and
again an outrunning brewit for diarrhoea; seventy-
five leechdoms.

lvii. Leechdoms for outgoing of the gut, and if Prolapsus.
boils come on a man about the gut, and for outgoing
of the gut ; nine methods.

1 Cloudy.

J 72 LiECE BOC.

.lviii. Lsecebomaf be J?a?pe able ]?e fuanap on men
Innan gepeaxen on J?uepe blrebpan o&5e ellep hpasp «j
tacn J?gepe able be halpa manna *j unhalpa micjea
hipum <j hpilcne mete mon Jncjean fcyle o)?J?e popjan
tpentij cpsepfca. :•

.LVIIII. Lasccbomap pi)? ]?sepe healpbeaban able «j hpanan
fio cume *j hu mon lacnian pcyle pealpa *j onlejena h
pyptbpencaf • oJ?pe pp neb o]?J?e heapob faji fie be ba<5e
•j bloblsepe • «j -p fio abl sep peopeptijum o]?J?e piptigum
pmtpa on monnan ne becume • *j be ]?am puj?epnan
pyptecebbpence an *j tpentij cpsepta. :•

foi. 64 a. • LX- Lsecebomap pi]? pipa gecynbum popfetenum *j

eallum pipa tybepneppnm £ip pip beajin ne mseje je-
bepan o]?]?e pp beapn people beab on pipep InnoJ?e
oSSe jip hio cennan ne msege bo on hipe jypbelp )?ap
jebebo fpa on J?ifum laacebocum peg)? <j manigpealb racn
]? mon msege onptan hpa3]?ep hit hype cilb J?e mseben
cilb beon pille • «j pi]? pipa able • 'j pip pip 11113 an ne
maaje • *j pp pip ne mae^e paSe beon jeclasnpob *j pi]?
pipa blobpihtan • *j jtp pip op jemynbum fie -j jtp ]?u
pille ]? ptp cilb hsebbe o)?]?e tipe hpelp o)?]?e pp men
cpiS pie poppeaxen • o]?J?e pp man Semnmga fpipe • an
♦j peopeptij cpsepta. :•

. lxi. Lsecebom pi]? ] aape jeolpan able *j picS ]?a3iii
mi clan lice • *j bolhbpencaf tpejen «j o]?ep msej pi]?
lunjen punbe eac. :•

.lxii. Lsecebomaf pi]? miclum heapob ece *j psepce *j
pealp to ]?on llcan • «j leah *j eagpealpa *j gebeb to
eajum. :•

.lxiii. Laicebom pi]? J?eopable *j pi]? Untenable «j pi];

LEECH BOOK. II. 173

lviii. Leechdoms for the disease in which stones wax Book It.

C'ON TF\TS

in a man within in the bladder or elsewhere ; tokens
of the disease by the lines of the urines of men, healthy
and unhealthy, and what meat a man should take or
forego ; twenty crafts.

lix. Leechdoms for the half dead disease or hemiplegia,
and whence it cometh, and how a man shall treat ifc,
salves and onlayings, or external applications, and wort
drinks; or if the face or head be sore, of bath and
bloodletting, and that the disease cometh not on a man
before the age of forty or fifty winters, and of the
southern acid wort drink oxymel ; one and twenty
crafts.

lx. Leechdoms for the obstruction of the naturalia of
women and for all tendernesses of women ; if a woman
may not bear a bairn, or if a bairn become dead in
a womans inwards, or if she may not kindle or bring
it into the light, put upon her girdle these prayers,
according as it saith in these leechbooks ; and a mani-
fold token that a man may understand whether it will
be a boy child or a maiden child, and for disease of
women, and if a woman may not mie, and if a woman
may not easily be cleansed,a and for haemorrhage of aOfsecundinse.
women, and if a woman be out of her mind, and if
thou will that a woman have a child, or a bitch a
whelp, or if matrix in a woman be overgrown, or
if a woman should suddenly grow silent : one and
forty crafts.

lxi. A leechdom for the yellow disease or' jaundice,
and for the mickle body or elephantiasis; and two
drinks for wounds, one of which is valid for a lung
wound also.

lxii. Leechdoms for the mickle head ache and for
head wark, and a salve for that ilk, and a ley and
ey^e salves, and a prayer for the eyes.

lxiii. A leechdom for the dry disease, and for lung
disease, and for painful evacuation ; and if one spew

174 LJECK P.OC.

fol. 64 b. ntppence • *j pjc mon blobe fpipe • «j pij> blobnyne • «j

jip lim psejunga ace • *j pi]? blsece on 'jplitan. :•

.lxiiii. Lsecebom j*e monian1 pib mno)?ep pophaapb-
neppe «j jutomon »2 prS milte pgence «j ftice *j fpican
pij? utpihtan *} bpacontjan pi]? pule hopap on men • *j
alpan pi J? untnymneppum • «j jalbanep pib neanpiim
bpeoftum • *j balzaman fmijunj pi}? eallum unfcpum-
neppum *j petjiaoleum to bjuncanne anpealb pib innan
tybenneppe «j utan to fmenpanne • *j typiaca lp 30b
bjienc pi]? mnoj? tybepneppum • *j pe hpita ftan piS
eallum uneubum bjiocum. ..

.lxv. Lsecebom pp hojif pie opfcoten *j pi]? utpsence*
*j £ip utjanj ponfeten pie • «j pi]? lencten able • ept
pi]? utpsence «j pib unlybbum *j pi]? J?aepe geolpan able
•j gip men fie pgeplice ypele «j to jehealbanne lichoman
liselo *j pi)? gicban ^ selue <j pi]? lonb able <j jonjel-
pgsppan bite • <j pi$ utpilite *j heapob pealpa.

fol C5 . LXVI. be J?am ltane J?e jajatep hatte.

.lxvii. Be pasje elep *j o]?eppa mipSenlicpa ]?mga.

[1]

Alexander PlY ^mt tacn a^hep ma5an • seneft jelome fpsetunja

Trallianus, lib. oo$e hpaacunja • cipnef *j pe man hme jelome to fpi-

S!'Stephani," panne . <j he onpmbe]? fpile <j p ]?a oman beo$ nine

1548- betynbe J?npli )?a ablapunje • <j him bi$ une]?e J?upft

jetenje. 6ac op ]?a3p majan able cumao momge <j

mipSenhca abla jebopfrena punba *j hpamma 4 pylle

psepc *j pienba abl • «j micla mupnunja <j unjiotneppa

bntan ]?eappe *j oman <j unjemetlica mete poena -j

unjemethce unluftaf *j cipneppa • «j fajia mable on pipep

1 Read rcamoman, -which is mentioned elsewhere in this book II. iii. 3.,
and is a strong purgative.
- Read ^ut ammon.

LEECH BOOK. II. 175

blood, and for blood running ; and if a limb suddenly Book II.
ache, and for a blotch on the face.

lxiv. A leechdom ; scamony for constipation of
the inwards, and ammoniac drops for pain in the
milt, and stitch, and spices1 for diarrhoea, and gum
dragon for foul disordered secretions on a man, and
aloes for infirmities, and galbanum for oppression in
the chest and balsam dressing for all infirmities, and
petroleum to drink simple for inward tenderness, and
to smear outwardly, and a tryacle, that is a good
drink, for inwards tendernesses, and the white stone,
lapis Alabastrites, for all strange griefs.

lxv. A leechdom if a horse be elf shot, and for pain
in evacuation of the fseces, and if the evacuation be
stopped, and for the " lent disease/' or typhus ; again
for pain in evacuation, and for poisons, and for the
yellow disease or jaundice, and if sudden evils come
on a man ; and to preserve the boclys health, and
against itch and elf, and for " land disease " or nos-
talgia, and for bite of the gangway weaver, spider, and
for diarrhoea and head salves.

lxvi. Of the stone which agate hight.

lxvii. Of the weight of oil, and of other various
things.

These are tokens of diseased maw ; first, frequent
spittings or hreakings, choiceness or a daintiness about
food, and for the man to spew frequently ; and he will
have a sense of swelling, and that the hot inflamed
humours are shut up within him by the inflation ; and
an uneasy thirst is contingent upon him. Also from
disease of the maw come many and various diseases of
bursten wounds, and cramps, and epilepsy, and fiends
disease, and mickle murmurings and uneasiness without

Cinnamon is much administered.

170

L.ECE EOC.

jecynbon *j on potum «j blaabpan • *j on unmobe • *j
on unjemet pseccum1 *j unjepithco popb • pe raaga bip
neali psene heoptan *j psepe gelobp -2 <j jeaboptenje fam
bpay$[en]e • op pam cumaS pa abla fpipofc op ]?sep majan
mtmjan *j on3 ypltim peapum pretan attepbepenbum •
];onne Sa psetan4 pa ypelan peoppap jejabepobe on
pone majan • «j prep pixiaS mib pceappunga mnan •

fol. 65 b. fpipoft on pam monnum pe habbaS fpipe jepelne *j

fapcpetme magan fpa f hie fume fomnunga fpeltap •
ne raagcn abepan pa fujianjan pceappunga psepa
aatepna paetena • hpilum pypmaf op bam mpeppan 5
bfelum gepecaS pa upeppan bselap to bam magan • *j eae
heoptcope pypceaS • «j angneppa «j gefpopunga fpa ]5te
hpilum fume men ppam papa pypma phtunje fpelca'S
*j poppeoppao" • pop pon psem mannum beah ]3 him mon
on ppuman pa mettap gipe pe celunje «j fupanjunge
maegen hsebben fpa fpa6 beop aeppla nalep to fpete
eallep ac pupmelfce *j pejian *j pepfucap *j hlap jebon
on cealb pseteji oppe on hat be paepe gehcunje prep
majan pe pa ypelan psetan fceoppenban «j fceappan
hsepS. pip beah eac on ppuman pam $e pa heoptcooe
•j f gefceopp ftpopiaS relcpa gepifu ty him mon lytlum
pa mettap pelle pa pe late melten • leax7 «j pa pixap
pa Se late melran jope mneple8 *j fpmef pet pa "Se
nmegen pip habban9 pam ypelan paetan • <j ponne him
pel fie ponne picje he fpetpan mettaf • ne bip htm

fol. 66 a. nanpuht pelpe ponne he pa picge pa pe late melten10 <j

1 The construction is faulty ; it
should be 1 unmob -j unsemetpeecce.

2 Read gelobpe ? See Lye in
geloba. Also bprege, MS

3 Read oj\

4 At this point our author skips
over seven folio pages and goes on
at lib. vii. cap. id, p. 114, ed. 1548.

•r" The interpreter omits ol r?,s pons
kSkkoi, the seeds of the pomegranate,
and podamva, nectarines, and f) aver-
r-qphv Kai -tyvxpbv «Xoucra cto^uA?'/,
grapes of a dry and cold flavour.

0 Read mbeppan.

7 The interpreter takes lariKoi for
salmon, csoces, as was and is usual ;
and he neatly escapes /3ofA/3a,
crripviov, aaTaicoi, cray fish, Krtuta,
scallops, icnpviaa, conch shellfish.

8 Read mneh/e.

9 Read habban pij>.

10 Our interpreter here varies from
the printed text, which recommends
frequent snacks of food ; very
wisely.

LEECH BOOK. II. 177

occasion, and erysipelatous eruptions, and immoderate Book II.
desires for meat, and immense want of appetite, and
daintinesses, and sore internal diseases in foemina? natu-
ralibus, that is, the uterus, and in the feet, and in the
bladder, and despondency, and immoderately long wak-
ings, and witless words. The maw is near the heart and
the spine, and in communication with the brain, from
which the diseases come most violently, from the cir-
cumstances of the maw, and from evil juices, humours
venombearing. Then the evil humours get gathered
into the maw, and there they rule with excoriations
within ; especially in the men who have a very
sensitive and soon sore maw, so that some of them
suddenly die; they are not able to bear the strong
excoriating effects of the venomous humours. At whiles
worms from the nether parts seek the upper parts, up
as far as the maw ; and they also work heart disease,1
and oppressive sensations, and swoonings ; so that some-
times some men by the gnawing of the worms die and
go to the dogs. Wherefore it is well for those men, that
at the first the meats be given them which have the
virtue of cooling and strengthening, such as be apples,
by no means too sweet, but by all means sourish, and
pears, and peaches, and loaf bread put into cold water or
into hot, according to the liking of the man which hath
the evil humours scarifying and sharp. This also is of
importance in the first place to them who suffer the
heart disease2 and the abrasion ; it is fitting that one
should give them by little at a time the meats which
tardily digest, as lax or salmon, and the fishes which
slowly digest, goose giblets, and swines feet, and such Contradicts
as have a virtue against the evil humours; and when
he 8 is better, then let him partake of sweeter meats.

1 The Saxon version misses the ' author had himself many times

meaning of Kapoiunds Stadecreis. said.

- KcpSiaXylav, disease of the :1 The previous clauses were plural

digestive organ, as the Hellenic unless 'Spopia'S stand for 'Snopa'S.

VOL. [I. M

178 LMCE BOO.

ipa J?eah ne fynb fcitole • j?icge to unbepnep hlap je-
bpocenne on hat psetep1 oJ?]?e seppla bepmbebe.2 Gac
bij? 50b pultum on jobum pyntbnencum fpa lascap
pypcaS • op ecebe *j op pmolep pypttpuman *j op junbe •
*j op alpan *j op bopan hunije »3 jemenj f *j pele J?sep
cuclep pulne o]?J>e tpejen )?onne hnepcaS J> }>a pambe <j
tjiymej? • *j J> beah pi]? bpeofu psepce «j pij? heoptco]?e *j
yr8 pellepsepce • *j pij? ]?on ]?e mon fie on J?am majan
omijpe psetan gepylleb • <j piS manegum ablum f beah •
$a J?e cuma'S op ojzeppyllo • -j op mifpenhcum yplum
Alex. Trail, psefcum. gip hie cumen op opeppyllo mib fpipe ]?an4
i54s'7 ' ed ^y mon fceal ly^han. jip hie J?onne cumaS op oJ?pum
bifcepum *j ypelum pastum ]?a J?e pyjiceaS oman )?onne
beo)? J>a elcpan to ftillanne opf J>e hie unftpanjpan
peop]?an • fpiJ?oft pp )?a pastan beoS )ncce *j plipejpan.

be pambe co]?e o]?]?e jlp op J>2ejie pambe anpe J?a
ypelan psetan cumen «j ne opepynnen ealne J?one licho-
man f mon pceall mib halpenbum mettum anum lac-
fol. 66 b. man «5 gip J?onne fio ypele paste op J>a3ne pambe opep-

ypne)? ealne ]?one lichoman ]?aep mon pceal mib mapan
lacnunge tilian • hpilum htm mon pceal op sebpan blob
laetan gip ]?8ep blobep to pela J?mce *j J?sepe yplan pastan
*j eac pyjitbpenc pellan. Ac aapeft mon pceal blob
lastan septep j?on pyptbpenc pellan.

.11.

Pi]? paptim *j aj?unbenum majan jenim ele -j jebo
hpit cpuba *j bile -j fuj>epne pepmob on J?one ele

1 vhu>p tyvxptv. Al. Trail. j ;J /x4\ltos arriKov, A. T.

2 7) firjhov 3) Kirpov sktos rod Xenovs i 4 Not very literally.

uvrov, A. T. j 6 Alex. Trail, has more words.

LEECH BOOK. II. 179

Naught is better for him than that lie take those Book n-

. Ch i

which digest late, and are notwithstanding not purga-
tive ; let him eat at undern, or nine o'clock, loaf bread
broken into hot water, or apples peeled. There is also
good support in good wort drinks, as leeches work
them, of vinegar, and of fennels roots, and of its rind,
and of aloes, and of dumbledores1 honey; mix that up
and administer a spoonful of it or two, then that
maketh the wamb nesh and firm ; and it is efficacious
against breast wark, and heart disease, and epilepsy, and
in case that a man be filled with inflammatory hu-
mour in the maw, and that is valid against many dis-
orders which come of surfeit and of various evil
humours. If they are come of surfeit with spewing, by
that remedy shall they be lessened. If however thej^
come of other bitter and evil humours, which work
inflammations, then are the latter to be stilled till that
they become less strong ; chiefly if the humours be
thick and rather slippery.2

2. Of wamb disease, or if the evil humours come
from the wamb alone and do not overrun the whole
body, that ease shall be treated with healing meats
alone. If moreover the evil humour from the wamb
overrunneth the whole body, this shall be dealt with
by means of the stronger remedies : at whiles one shall
let him blood from a vein, if there seems to be too
much of the blood and of the evil humour, and also
give a wort drink; but he shall first be let blood
and after that have the wort drink given him.

11.

1. For a sore and swollen maw ; take oil, and put
mastic, and dill, and southern wormwood into the oil,

Attic. j - yAivxp'H-

M 2

ISO L/ECR BOC.

\-<ez icanban bpeo niht -j jebo p ba pypta pyn je-
pobene on );am ele • jebo Sonne on hnepce pulle
fmipe j?one majan nub. 6pt pi]; ]?on llcan jeriim
ealbne pyple jetpipula on tpeopenum mojitejie menj
pro sejei* \> lipite bo on clao" leje on. pi J; papum
magan ept gebo on peapmne ele ];a pypt • J;e hatte
penogpecum *j laupep cpoppan *j bile fmipe ];one
majan mib ];y.

fol. 67 a. pij; papnm majan pejbjueban peap -j eceb bo on

clao" lege on. 6pt gip pe maga a)>unben fie o);pe a]?eneb •
jenim J?aep peleftan pmef *j gpenef elep fpilc healp feo);
pepmobep cpoppan bo on hnepce pulle fmipe mib. Selle
him );onne plsepc etan lytelpa puhta fma?lpa pujla gepo-
benpa *j jebpaebpa *j manigpealb a?ppelcyn pepan sepenm-
^ap» pi San opJ?amba ■j geibbena on ecebe *j on pgetpe *j on
pme pel fceappum. pi]; papum majan • pofan leapa .V.
op])e .vii. o'Soe nijon «j pipopef copna empela gegnib
fmale *j on hattim pgetepe pele bpincan. 6pt pij> \>on
llcan gentm op pinhnyte .xx. geclsenfobpa cypnela *j
cymenep fpa nncel fpa ];u mseje mib ];pim pmgpum
popepeapbum jeniman getpipula j;onne bollan pulne
pyl on moptepe jebo cealbef psetepep to .II. jobe
bollan pulle pele Sonne sepefu f healp to bpmcanne.
6pt ip onlegen1 to tpymmanne J>one magan «j to

fol. 67 b. bmbanne septep utpihtan o];J;e «?ptep pyptbpence ge-

bsepnebne hlap clseime feo]; on ealbnm pine gip J?u
ha?bbe • gip hit fie fumop bo pepmobef fsebef bupt to
feo); retgaebepe bo on clao" opepfmit mib ele lege on
pone magan • gip hit fie pmtep ne );eappt J?u ]?one
pepmob to bon.

.III.

Be jefpelle «j pape ];a?p magan • gip fe man f msegen
ha?bbe la?t him blob aeptep );on mib J;y ele fmipe ]>e

'Ulnldtua.

LEECH BOOK. II. 181

let it stand three nights, and arrange that the worts Book II.
be sodden in the oil, then put that upon nesh wool,
smear the maw therewith. Again, for that ilk ; take
old lard, triturate it in a treen mortar, mingle there-
with the white of an egg, put on a cloth and lay on.
For a sore maw, again ; put the wort into warm oil,
which hight fenugreek, and bunches of laurel flowers,
and dill ; smear the maw with that.

2. For a sore maw ; put on a cloth juice of way-
broad and vinegar ; lay on . Again, if the maw be
swollen or distended ; take some of the best wine, and
of green oil half so much, seethe the heads of worm-
wood therein, put this on nesh wool, smear therewith.
Then give him the flesh to eat of little creatures, as
of small fowls, sodden and roasted, and manifold kinds of
apples, pears, medlars, peas moistened and sodden in
vinegar and in water, and in pretty sharp wine. For a
sore maw ; leaves of rose, five, or seven, or nine, and of
pepper corns as many, rub them small, and administer
in hot water to be drunk. Again, for that ilk ; take
twenty cleansed kei-nels of the nuts of the stone pine,
and of cummin so much as thou mayest take up with
the tips of three fingers, then triturate a bowl full, boil
in a mortar, add of cold water two good bowls full,
then give the half thereof in the first instance to be
drunk.

3. Again, here is an onlay a or application to com- a iitlfotia.
fort the maw, and to bind it after the diarrhoea, or

after a wort drink ; seethe clean toasted bread in old
wine, if thou have it ; if it be summer, add dust of
the seed of wormwood, seethe together, put on a cloth,
smudge over with oil, lay on the maw ; if it be winter,
thou needst not apply the wormwood.

iii.

Of swelling and sore of the maw ; if the man have
the strength to hear it, let him blood ; after that.

182 LjECE boc.

pa pypta lyn on gepobene J>e pe sep nembon • geptep
|?on mib hate hunige fmipe <j opeppceabe J>onne mib
hpitep cpibuep *j alpan bufte ^j pipopep hpaet hpe;z;a •
opeplecge • ]?onne mib lmene claSe oftoe mib eopo-
cijpe pulle *j pele pepmob on peapmum paatepe tpam
nihtum a3p opjotenne ^ pe ]?am omtim ftille • *j pele
]?onne gepipopobne pyptbpenc- *j Sonne pceal mon J?am
men mib bpmm hanbum on mopgenne «j on sepenne
fol. 68 a. ]?a hanba *j J?a pet gniban fprSe -j J?yn • *j gip hit fie

job pebep he him on unbepne jipe • ^ange him ut
hpibep hpega fume hpile • gip hit ne fie pebep janje
him m jeonb hip huf.

.mi.

yi]> heapbum fpile J?aep magan pele )?u him pealte
mettap «j hapan pleepc *j eopopef • puban pypttpuman •
<j ceppan • *j pcip pm • *j eaomelte mettap *j onlejena
utteonbe pone heapban fpile • <j bgeS penba fmeppunja
pypce op ele «j op pepmobe • *j op hpitum cpibue *j pme •
bepe 'Sonne fmipe mib py • opleje ponne mib eopecigpe
pulle *j befpe]?e • genim eac milfce aappla gebo neah-
tepne on pm *j ponne jefeoS • gefpete ponne J> pop
mib hunijef teape <j jepipepa mib .XX. copna pele
him ponne on mopjenne lytelne bollan pullne 0S0V
cuclep pulne pup jepophtep bpmcan.

.V.

Lsecebom pip psep majan apunbenneppe • pasp mannep
pet *j hanba man pceal fpi)?e on mopjentibum pf n •
*j hine mon pceal fprSe hlube hatan gpseban o$oV

LEECH BOOK. II. 183

smear with the oil on which the worts, which we ere Book II.
named, have been sodden ; after that smear with hot 111#

honey, and sprinkle over with dust of mastic and aloes,
and somewhat of pepper; then overlay this with a
linen cloth or with ewes wool, and give him worm-
wood in warm water, poured off the wormwood two
nights (clays) previously, that it may still the inflam-
mation,1 and then administer a peppered wort drink ;
and then one shall at morning and evening rub
smartly and squeeze the mans hands and feet with dry
hands, and if it be good weather let him at undern,
that is at nine in the morning, by Gods grace, go out
somewhither for a while ; if it be not fair weather,
let him walk about within his house.

iv.

For a hard swelling of the maw ; give the sick salt
meats, and hares and boars flesh, roots of rue, and
cresses, and sheer (clear) wine, and easily digested
meats, and applications drawing out the hard swelling,
and baths ; work moist smearings, that is, lotions, of oil
and wormwood, and of mastic and wine ; bathe him}
then smear witli that, then overlay with ewes wool,
and swathe up ; take also mild apples, put them for
the space of a night into wine and then seethe them;
then sweeten the wash or infusion with virgin honey,
and pepper it with twenty peppercorns ; then give him
in the morning a little bowl full or a spoon full of
the thus wrought potion to drink.

v.

A leechdom for swelling of the maw ; one shall in
the morning hours squeeze hard the mans feet and
hands, and one shall bid him cry or sing very loud,

1 f\sy(jLour}, I suppose.

184 LMCE BOC.

fmgan *j hme nion peel neahtneptigne 1 fcyhran -j gpe-
fol. 68 b. mian to fpipanne • *j on mojxjen imipepan mib ele on

]>am Se fie gepoben jiube «j pepmob -j J?a sen jenem-
neban mettap ]ncge.

.VI.

yi\ unlufce «j plsettan J?e op majan cym$ *j be hip
mere • pele htm neahtnefcijum pepmob ooSe ]?jieo-
bpeab~ jebon on pceapp pm pele neahtneptijum • y
jjepfceji ];on pealte mettaf mib ecebe gefpece • *j jepenobne
lenep «j jiasbic picjen *j ealle J?a mettaf je bpmcan
J?a J?e habban hat: nisegen -j fceapp pele Jncjean • «j
jebeoph f hie unjemelrneppe ne ];popian • *j job pin
gehaet *j hlutto^ Jncjen on neaht neptij • *j neaht.
neptige lapien on humg • «j pecen him bpoc on onpabe •
•j on pasne o6Se on J?on j?e hie a ]?popian mregen.
6pt pi]? mere]' unlufce • jenim fu]?epne cymen oj:J?a}ne
imb ecebe abjure Sonne • *j gegnib on mojitepe • «j
pnolef psebep • «j bilep ]meo cucleji msel jegmb eall
tojcebepe geece pipopep ]?peo cucleji miel «j jmban
foL 69 a. leapa .VII. cucleji msel *j ]?aep feleptan hunigep afipenep

an punb • getjupula eal tojsebepe • yce ]?onne mib
ecebe fpa be Jnnce f hit fie on pa onlicneppe jepopht
J>e fenop bi5 jecemppob to mpifan • jebo J?onne on
jlaep paBt • ^j J?onne mib hlape cffiSe mib fpa hpilcum
mete fpa Jm pille lapa on *j nytta je ]?eah ]?u mib
cuclepe p fupe J?a3t hylpj? • Jnpep jm nytta je on
gerenne • je on unbepne • nip ]? pij? J?am unlufce anum
30b ]?sep majan • ac eallum j?am lichoman f beah.

Pij? metep unlufce bpeopje bpoptlan on paetpe op-
)?ambe • jepnb mib ecebe pele bpmcan pi<5 plgettan. J?iJ?

1 neahtertisne, MS. lianus, lib. vii., cap. 7, pp. 10S, 109

, T , n i ed. 1;^8-

'-' 'Aropefra. In the first sentence . . , . „ ,

r s ° beabpeab i trpoiroXis is one 01 the

are some traces of Alexander Trai- ingredients in A. I.

LEECH BOOK. II. 185

and one shall exhort him after his nights fast, and pro- Book II.
voke him to spew ; and in the morning smear him
with oil on which has been sodden rue and worm-
wood, and let him diet on the before named meats.

vi.

Against want of appetite and nausea which conieth
from the maw, and from the mans meat ; give him after
his nights fast wormwood or beebread, put into sharp
wine ; give it him at night fasting, and after that salt
meats with sweetened vinegar, and prepared mustard,
and radish to eat, and make him eat all the meats
and drinks which have a hot and sharp quality; and
beware that "they" suffer not indigestion, and let
them take at night fasting good wine heated and clear ;
and let them after the nights fast lap up honey ; and let
them seek for themselves fatigue in riding on horse-
back, or in a wain, or such conveyance as they may
ever endure. Again, for want of appetite for meat;
take southern or Italian cummin, moisten it with
vinegar, then dry it and rub it to pieces in a mortar,
and of fennel seed, and of dill, three spoon measures,
rub all together, add of pepper three spoon measures,
and of leaves of rue seven spoon measures, and of the
best strained honey one pint ; triturate all together ;
eke it out then with vinegar as may seem fit to
thee, so that it may be wrought into the form in
which mustard is tempered for flavouring ; put it then
into a glass vessel, and then with bread or with what-
ever meat thou choose, lap it up, and make use of it ;
even though thou shouldst sup it up with a spoon, that
will help. This use thou either at even or at nine
o'clock. The remedy is not good for want of appetite
of the maw only, but it is valid for all the body.

For want of appetite for meat ; rub up with vinegar
pennyroyal moistened in water, give it to be drunk
against nausea. For want of appetite again ; give to

186 LtECe boo.

unluite ept mtntan -j pipopep nixan eopn gejmben on
pme pele bpmcan.

.VII.
'Atoj/io, ivant JJip fceal pio* abeabobum magan • genTm huniTer s

o/' force, doubt- ^^_v v 1 ._ i ,-

less, of Alex. ece° togaeoepe jemenjeb *j jebeatenne pipop pele on
Trail, lib. vii., monxenne cucleji pulne neahtneptixum nyttixe fceap-

cap. 8 ; p. Ill, . , , _

line 15, ed. pepa opincena • "j metta • *j get bape mib imope xnibe «j
1548. fmeppe. Sele htm eac neahtneptixum J>iy • xenim eceb

fol. 69 b. pij? jlsebenan xemenxeb hpaethpexa <j lanxep pipopep . x.

copn o]?J?e cpoppan *j fenep menje eall toggebepe • <j
tpipohxe pele nihtneftijum an cucleji mgel • jej^enc ftu
]?onne hpge}>pe fte ealle }>a sen xenemneban lsecebomap
*j J>a geptep. ppitenan ne fcnlon on ane Jmaje to lanxe
beon to gebone ac fculon pgec habban betpeonum *j
pefte * hpilum tpejen bajaf hpilum ]?py • «j ]?onne him
mon blob lgete on a3bpe on j?am baxum ne bo htm mon
nanne oJ?epne lgecebom to • nymj?e ymb .v. niht oJ?|?e
ma. PiJ> popfojenum majan oJ?]?e a]?unbenum • xentm
hpy]?epen plsepc jepoben on ecebe *j mib ele gepenob
mib pealte • <j bile • <j pop Jncre f feopon mht j>onne
liht ^ ]?one gefpenceban maxan • bip fynb tacn abea-
bobep maxan f he JnxS ne xemylt f • ac pe jejngeba
mete hepeja]? )?one maxan «j he J?one pammeltan Jronh
8a pambe ntpent.

.VIII.

Pi)? pape <j unlufte J?gep maxan fe J?e ne maej ne

mib mete ne mib bpmcan beon xelacnob *j bitepe

hpsecetunxe • Ntm centaupian f lp pelteppe fume •

fol. 70 a. hatafc hypbe pypt • fnme eop$ jeallan xexnib an punb

LEECH BOOK. II. I S7

drink mint and nine corns of pepper rubbed small in Book IL

Ch. vi.

wine.

vii.

This shall apply for a deadened maw;1 take some
honey and vinegar mingled together, and pepper beaten
up, give in the morning a spoon full of it to the man
after his nights fast, let him employ sharp drinks and
meats; and at the bath let him rub and smear him-
self with mustard. Give him also, after his nights fast,
this : take vinegar mingled with somewhat of gladden,
and of long pepper ten corns or clusters, and mustard ;
mingle all together, and triturate ; give him after a
nights fasting, one spoon measure. Then consider thou,
notwithstanding, that all the aforenamed leechdoms and
the after written ones, shall not be to be done at one
too long season, but must have space and rest between
them, whilom two days, whilom three ; and when one
lets him blood on a vein, on those davs let none other
leechdom be done to him, except about five days later
or more. For a stomach troubled with hicket or puffed
up, take beeves flesh sodden in vinegar and with oil,
prepared with salt, and dill, and porrum, let the sick
diet on that for seven days, then that relieves the
labouring maw. These are tokens of a deadened
maw ; what he taketh, that melteth or digests not,
but the meat swallowed oppresseth the maw, and it
sendeth out the half digested food through the wamb.

viii.

For soreness and loss of appetite in that maw,
which may not be cured neither with meat nor with
drink, and for the bitter breaking or retching ; take
centaury,2 that is fel terrse, some call it herdsmans

Now called a torpid liver. - Ert/thrcea centaureum.

188

LjECE boc.

*j jebo paejion hatep paste jief .nil. bollan pulle pele
him neaht nejtigum bjuncan ]?ny bajaf.

6pt jenlm ]?a jieabe netlan upepeapbe hsebbenbe
pseb aj?peah clsene »j pynce to fupanne. 6ft jjienef
mejicep* jetpipulabep peap «j apjumgenep j*ele bjuncan-
•j on J?a llcan pij-an peie htm bpmcan hunan peap.
6pt pi<S majan pape nuban *j iriintan • bile • bpeojige
bpoftlan . agjumonian fume hataS gajiclipe • «j cepfan
jecnua ealle on pine o]?]?e on ealaS pele yelce baeje to
bjuncanne.

.Vim.

Pi)? Inpunbe magan • mm gate meoluc J?onne hio
pupjnim amolcen fie pele bjuncan • fume peajime eopo
meoluc bpmcaft pi]? majan fane • fume ]?one peleftan
ele jej?ynmebne • fume y\)> ]?a gate meoluc menjaS o]?
f hie fpipaft ty hi Se y]? Ipipan majon.

.x.

V iiS plyettan <j to haetanne majan • paetep bejpoben
on pepmobe • lj on bile oj? J?one |?jubban bael pele f
fol. 70 b. bjuncan ]> pypmxS <j heajiba]? ]?one magan,

.XL

a Tipbs ifnrvev- a JAj? ajnmbeneppe «j ej^unje majan ■ pmolep pyjittjiu-
Ti^lib. riT' man 1 niepcef % 5eot: m1^ fcme Pme ealbe "j op J^OIl

cap. 10; p. 112, mle bjuncan nehtnejtigiun .II. bollan pulle lytle. \h\i

the remedies11 ptnbigjie ajmnbenepj-e magan to pyjimanne ]?one ceal-

differ. ^an majan • jiuban • «j bile • mmtan • -j mejice fynb-

)uje pceapaf jefeoS on ]>jum ceac5 pullum pgetepef ]>

baeji ne lie butan an pul fele bonne f patten bjuncan.

1 The method of Alex. Tral-
lianus is, it seems, kept in view;
Hepl to:v 5j' a/jLtrpov ipvi;ii> v.vopcK-

tovvTuv, lib. vii.. cap. 7 ; p. 109, ed.
1548.
- ceacum ?

LEECH BOOK. II. 189

wort, some earth gall, rub small sl pound of it, and Book II
apply thereto four bowls full of hot water ; give it to
the sick to drink for three days after his nights fast-
ing. Again, take the upper part of the red nettle,
while having seed, wash it clean, and work it up to
sup. Again, administer to drink juice of green marche
triturated and wrung out, and in the same wise, give
him to drink juice of horehound. Again, for sore of
maw ; rue and mint, dill, dwarf dwosle, agrimony,
some call it garcliff, and cress, pound them all in wine
or in ale, give of this each day to drink.

IX.

For an inward wound of the maw ; take goats milk
just when it is milked, administer to be drunk. Some
drink for sore of maw warm ewe milk, some the
best oil warmed, some mingle that with the goats
milk till they spew, that they may spew the more
easily.

x.

For nausea and to heat the maw ; water sodden on
wormwood and on dill, down to the third part, give
the man that to drink ; it warmeth and hardeneth the
maw.

XI.

For puffing up and blowing of the maw ; overpour
roots of fennel and marche with clear old wine, and
of that give the sick to drink after his nights fast two
little bowls full. For a windy puffing up of the maw,
to warm the maw, rue and dill, mint and marche ;
seethe bundles of them separate in three jugs full of
water, and continue seething so that there be only one
cup ; then administer the water to be drunk.

190

LjECE boc.

.XII.

* npo? efxerov. a VrS fpip}?an *j pi$ J?on ]?e Mm mete unbep ne je-
punige • genim fmpullan gejnib on fceapp pm pele
bollan pulne to gebpmcanne septep sepen jepeopce •
jeiiim pi]? ]?on llcan pmolep peapep tpejen bselaf huni-
jep serine feoj? oJ> J> f hsebbe hunijef Jncneppe pele
J?onne nealit neptijum cuclep mael pull • f plsettan
gefuipeo" ty lunjenne bet f lippe hser$. prS miclan
fpipej>an <j lie ne maege nanne mete jehabban • geriim
bilep psebep ane yntpan • pipopep peopep • cymenep
J>peo jejmb fpi)?e fmale • bo Jwnne on psetep J?e paepe
mmte on gepoben <j fupe a3ppla o'S'Se pmjeapbep tpigu
upepeapb meppe pp pe mon ne fie on peppe yce mib
pine *j pele bpmcan J?onne ne to pefue jan pille • *j le2
utan on J?one majan gefobene pubu sepia *j hlapep
cpuman *j fpilce onlejena.

fol. 71 a

.XIII.

'PevfittTifffios. Ponne pceal ]np pij> J?gep majan fppinje Sum pype

cyn hatte lenticulaf ete J?apa hunb teontij hpeappa.
6pt pceappep ecebep jefupe J?peo cuclep nisei J?onne he
plapan pille on sepen.

XIIII.

Pi]? eallum majan untpumneppum • jentm pmolep
pypttpuman utepeapbpa p J?sep mseppoft fie abo op
J?am pinole fpa mi eel fpa o]?ep healp punb fie • jeot

1 The method of Alex. Trallianus
is still preserved; he has a short
chapter, lib. vii. cap. 9, Upbs <tt6-

/j-a-xou direfxovPTa ttjp rpo<pi)v, p. 112,
ed. 1548.
2 For lege.

LRECH BOOK. TT.

191

Xll.

For spewing, and in case that a mans meat will
not keep down ; take sinfulle, rub it fine into sharp
wine, give the man a bowl full to drink after evening
work. Take, for that ilk, two parts of juice of fennel,
one of honey, seethe or boil down till the mixture
have the thickness of honey, then give after a nights
fast a spoon measure full ; that restraineth nausea,
that bettereth the lungs, that healeth the liver. For
mickle spewing, and in case a man may keep in his
stomach no meat ; take one ounce of seed of dill, four of
pepper, three of cummin, rub very small; then put
into water in which mint has been sodden and sour
apples, or the tender upper part of the twigs of a vine ;
if the man be not in a fever, eke it with wine, and
give it him to drink when he willeth to go to bed;
and lay outside on the maw sodden wood apples
(crabs), and crumbs of bread, and such applications.

xiii.

Besides, this shall be good for flux 1 of the maw ;
one sort of peas hight lentils, let the man eat of them
raw one hundred. Again, let him sip three spoon
measures of sharp vinegar, when he willeth to sleep
at evening.

xiv.

For all infirmities of the maw ; take of the out-
ward parts of the roots of fennel, what is there most
tender, remove from the fennel as much as may make

Book II.
Ch. xii.

1 For this translation I partly rely
on the guidance of Alexander
Trallianus, who has remedies irpbs
ard/jLaxov pevfjLaTi^S/xevou ; lib. vii.,
cap. 8 ; p. Ill, ed. 1548 ; p. 337, ed.
1556. Properly pev/xaTKr/jhs is of

the wamb, or venter, not of the
maw ; and Aretseos says as much,
Chron. lib. ii., cap. 6. But other
authors have the same expression
as Alex. Trail ; for instance Cselius
Aurelianus, Chron. lib. iii., cap. 2.

1 92 LyECE BOO.

]?oime ecebep on fpa o)?ep healp peptep fie lret Jxmne
J?peo mht ifeanban fpa setjgebejie • aeptep J^on opepfeo$
]>& pyjittnuman hpiet hpega on ]?am ecebe «j appmj op
fol. :i b. Jam ecebe clsene • jebo ]?onne on f eceb hunijep mib

J>p ecebe • jebo ]?onne alpan gobne bsel peep on ]>te
yntfan jepeje ob'Se ma «j o]?ep fpilc hpitep cpeobopep
•j ameop hatte fujiepne pypt o]?ep apapu bo J?apa laep
jemenje hpa^epe ealle fcojsebepe ^ ]?onne pelle him
]?peo cuclep ms&L bo j>ip pift majan bpyne «j jmpfce
placo pgefcep menge pi$ )?one feleptan ele pele bpincan
j> irypS * ]>am ]>upfte.

.xv.

Pi]; jraep magan fppmje Jxrone Jmph mu$ bitepe
a 'otvptypta. hp£ec6a o)?J>e bealcet oooe him on J>am majan fujeS •
jenim pipopef fpilce an mynet jepeje • bilef psebep
fpilce .mi. mynet jepejen • o|?ep fpilc cymenef gejmb
eall *j pele on pine cuclep msel J?onne he plapan jan
pille. Sio ajrenunj j?3ep majan *j fio ablapunje hseto
cymeS op ]?am blacum omum • ac jenim J>onne fpjun-
^ean2 jebo on pceapp eceb jepaete fpioe leje opep
jwne majan )>onne hit fpilc fie. jGptep J?on jip j?a?p
fol. 72 a. ne pele leje oJ>pa onlejena on fcpenjpan *j apeppan

fpa fpa *ip pap3 6m piS hiinij gemengeb *j ]?on -^elic
fpa lsecap cunnon.

.XVI.

pip lint tacn ]>xy hatan majan omihtan unjemet
paefchcan • *j jjsep opejicealban • ]>day hatan majan un-

1 From sreopan.

- Understaud as fponsean from

the Hellenic. Alex. Trail., lib. vii.,
cap. 8; p. 110, foot, ed. 1548.
3 Read ap. See the Glossary.

1 Full of {pKeypovri.

- The diet is drawn from a pas-
sage thus headed ; fc)epa?reia rf/s 5ta
<d(ptA'i)v acrdsvovays Svvd/Atws. Un?;e-

VOL. II.

metpejt, unsemerperthc are there-
fore the opposites of KadexriicSs ;
and not what Somner supposed.

Ch, xiv.

LEECH BOOK. IT. 193

a pound and a half, then pour on of vinegar as ^^J}'

much as be a sextarius and a half, then let these

stand thus together for three nights ; after that seethe

the roots somewhat in the vinegar, and wring them

clean from the vinegar. Then put into the vinegar

some honey with the vinegar ; then put a good deal

of aloes therein, so much as may weigh an ounce or

more, and as much more of mastic and of ammi, as

a foreign wort hight ; or asarabacca ; put in less of

them, mingle, however, all together, and then give him

three spoon measures. Do this against burning of the

maw and thirst ; mingle lukewarm water with the best

oil, give to drink, that checketh the thirst.

xv.

For irritation of the maw when the man through the
mouth has bitter breaking; or belching or there is an
ill lymph in his stomach ; take of pepper as much as one
coin may weigh, of seed of dill as much as may weigh
four coin, as much besides of cummin, rub all fine and
administer in' wine a spoon full when the man willeth
to go to sleep. The swelling of the maw and the heat
of the puffing up cometh from the black flegms ; but
then take sponges, put them into sharp vinegar, wet
it thoroughly, lay it over the maw, when it is such.
After that, if it feel not this, or be insensible to these
remedies, lay on some other applications, stronger and
more austere, such as is copperas mingled with honey,
and the like of that as leeches know.

xvi.
1. These are tokens of the hot fiegmatic ] maw, irre-
tentive,2 and of the overcold. Of the hot or irretentive

194 LMCF, BOC.

jemetpseptan tacn imbon J?onne he bi^S mib omum
jefpenceb J>am men bio" J?upfc getenge «j neaponef *j
jefpojunga *j mobep tpeonung *j unluft *j plsetta • him
if nyt1 f he hlap J>icgen2 on cealbum pgetpe oSSe on
ecebe3 «j fpiSe psefce gepoben segpa oJ>j?e jebpsebbe to
unbennef <j pypta • *j lactucaf § \y leahtpic *j mealpan
-j hsenne plsepc nsep fpipe gepoben • <j jofe )?a ytmep-
tan hmo • *j pixap );a ]?e heapb plsepc habban*4 *j
pme pmclan • -j ofcpan <j o]?pu pypena cyn «j mylfce
seppla *j bsej? op fpetum pepfcnm p^etepum fceal beon
jepojiht hat basj? him ne beah. Taen5 j?£ep opepceal-
ban majan f J?a men ne J?ypft ne hi fpol jepela]? on
magan *j ne hip him genig peapm ^popunj getenge.

fol. 72 b. Ac hy jipnao metta fpi]?op J?onne hit geltclic fie *j gip

htm opfeonbe]? on Innan senigu cealb psete J?onne
fpipaft hie f hoph <j )?a metfcap gehabban ne magon
j?e hie gejncgeao' • -j septep )?am fpipaS6 pona htm to
gipanne bibbaft • J;a men ]?u pcealt fmeppan mib J?y
ele J?e mon pepmob on feo^e • *j ]?a ]?iccan geupnen

a rhpiga • on *j J?a plipmga a psetan on J>am majan <j j?a acoloban •

*j f opfcanbene J?icce plipije hoph jm pcealt mib J?am
aep genemneban laBcebomum pypman *j ]?ynnian. Pypc
htm ]?onne pypfcbpenc op pmolef pypttpuman pmbe ^
meppoft pie pte pix yntfan gepege <j ecebep anne pep-
tep • <j alpan J?peo yntfan • peoj? ]?onne on ]?am ecebe
J?one pmol oj? f hit fie pel gepoben appmg ]xmne j?a
pypta op J?am ecebe gebo J?onne to J?am ecebe claenep
hunigef punb peo]? )?onne setgsebepe o)? f hie pie fpa
j?icce fpa hunig fceab ]?onne ]?a alpan on pel gegnibene

fol. 73 a. 'j Te^e fr60 cuclep mael mib psetepe y beah pi}? heopt

ece *j pi]? pelle psepce.

1 Alexander Trail., lib. vii., cap. 5 ;
p. 106, ed. 1548 ;cap. 3, p. 323, ed.
155G.

- Read bicge.

3 Gr. ei? 'aKparov, dipped in wine j G Read fpipj>au ?
unmixed with water, (as if brandy). I

4 darpaKoS^pfxuv, shellfish.

5 From Alexander Trail., lib. vii.,
cap. 5; p. 105, ed. 1548 ; p. 319, ed.
1556, for a few lines only.

LEECH BOOK. IT. 195

maw are tokens, when it is vexed with inflammations, B?ok **•

(1h. XVI.

thirst is incident to the man, and oppression, and
swoonings, and vacillation of mind, and loss of appetite,
and nausea. It is beneficial for him that he should
eat bread in cold water or in vinegar, and eggs very
hard boiled or roasted, (at nine o'clock in the morning,)
and worts, and lactucas, that is lettuces, and mallow,
and hens flesh not much sodden, and the extremest
parts of the limbs of goose, that is giblets, and fishes
which have hard flesh, and periwinkles, and oysters,
and others ; various sorts of peas, and mild apples, and
a bath of sweet fresh waters shall be wrought; a hot
bath will not suit him. Tokens of the overcold maw,
that the men feel no thirst nor burning heat in the
maw, nor is there any warm symptom incident upon
them. But they yearn for meats more strongly than
is proper, and if in their inwards there lodges any
cold humour, then they spew up the filth and are not
able to retain the meats which they swallow ; and after
the spewing soon they pray that somewhat be given
them to eat. ' Those men thou shalt smear with the oil
on which wormwood has been sodden. And the thick
coagulated and the viscid humours in the maw, and
the chilled humours, and the intractable thick viscid
foulness, thou shalt warm and thin with the afore
named leechdoms. Work then for the sick man a
wort drink of the rind of the root of fennel, and let
it be very tender, and such that it may weigh six
ounces, and one sextarius of vinegar, and three ounces
of aloes ; then seethe the fennel in the vinegar till it
be well sodden, then wring the worts off the vinegar,
then add to the vinegar a pound of clean honey, then
seethe these together, till it be as thick as honey, then
shed the aloes into it, well rubbed up, and give three
spoon measures with water ; that is good for heart
ache and for epilepsy.

N 2

196

1>MCE BOC.

Alexander be J?9ejie opepmiclan pjuclo ]?onne op ]?sene pelpan

ibid. cealban able ]?8ep magan cym$ j> fio opepimiclo pjuclo

kwu8t]s Bf>€^9. *j Jipejinep ajufu op psep hopep psetan ]>e op J>am majan
BolAjper. cymo" -j hie beo)? fpipenbe <j fpa fpa lmnb ept yona

fecaS J?a mettap • ]?am J?u pcealt pellan clasne «j Mut-
ton pin1 «j neab fpiSe jehast ne fie to pceanp • ne pe
mete ne fie Co pceanp ne to pup. ]?e J>u htm pelle •
ac fme]?e «j pget • pp 2 onmaete hunjo^ cymft op un-
jemerlicpe hseto peep magan «j tybbejmeppe j5 hie pyn
pona jefpojene jip hie J?one mete nsebben. ])i]> onmav
tum hunjne ]?onne pcealt Jra pona hgep mannef tihan
bmb hip ytmeptan hmo mib bynbellum teoh him |?a
loccaf *j pnmje J>a eanan *j ]?one pangbeanb tpiccije
]?onne him pel pie pele him pona hlap on pme jebjio-
cenne rep he o]>ne mettap picje • pele him )?a mettap
);a ]?e ne fien to pace jemelte • late mylfc hny]?epep
fol. 73 b. plcepc geeten* -j hiojiota • buccena lp pyujiefc *j jiamma*

*j peapjia «j J>a )?e fprfte ealbe beou on peopojipotum
nietenum *j pujlap ]?a J?e heanb plsepc habba$ • papa •
fpan • a?neb ]?am <Se cealbe pambe habba$ ]?u fcealr
pellan pel meltenbe mettaf pcelhhte pifcap- *j culppena,
bjubbaf • haenne pleBpc *j jope pipjui fpa betepe fpa
pretnan fien *j pejifcnan J?a ytmeptan. leomo • fpma
beob eaomelte *j jeonj lijiy]?eji 'j ticcenn • *j fpete
pTn pel mylt J?onne J> appe.

.XVII.

yi\> eallum lipejr ablum *j jecynbum *j pseftmfim *j be
l>am pex pinjum ]>e Sone hpeji pa3pc pynceaft *j lactam 3
kijia ealpa *j fpeotol taen je be miejean ge be unlufce
ge hipa hipe. Sio bi]? on J?a fpi]>jian fiban yj>eneb op )>one

' Ty aicpurra o'luo) icai toIs Xntapols
ruv iSecr/ndTwis. Alex. Trail., who
goes on to order legs of pheasants.

-Alex. Trail., lib. vii, cap. 6;
p. 10G, ult. ed. 1548 ; p. 323, ed.
1556.

LEECH BOOK. II. 197

2. Of the o vermicide appetite, when from the same Book II.
cold disease of the maw it cometh that the overmickle
appetite and greediness ariseth from the foul humour,
which cometh from the maw, and the sick are spewing,
and, as it were a hound, again soon seek the meats:
to them thou shalt give clean and clear wine, and red,
much heated ; let it not be too sharp ; nor let the
meat be too sharp, nor too sour, which thou mayst
give them, but smooth and fat. If extreme hunger
cometh from immoderate heat and tenderness of the
maw, so that they are soon in a swoon, if they
have not the meat ; then, for extreme hunger 1 thou
shalt soon treat the man ; bind the extremities of his
limbs with ligatures, pull his locks for him, and
wring his ears, and twitch his whisker, when he is
better, give him soon some bread broken in wine, be-
fore he take other meats. Give him the meats which
are not too soon digested. Beeves flesh, and goats, and
harts digests late : bucks is worst, and rams, and bulls,
and those of four footed neat which are very old, and
fowls which have hard flesh ; peacock, swan, duck. To
those that have a cold wamb thou shalt give well
digesting meats, shell fishes, and young of culvers, hens
flesh, and gooses wings ; they are the better as they
are fatter and fresher. The extremities of the limbs
of swine a are easy of digestion, and young beeves, and * Pigs trotters,
kids : and sweet wine digests better than the rough.

xvii.

For all liver diseases, and of its nature, and incre-
ment, and of the six things which work the liver pain,
and curing of all these, and plain tokens, either by the
mie, or by the loss of appetite, or by the hue of the

1 In Trallianus these appliances are meant for the fainting just men-
tioned, \znTodv[x(at

198 L^CE BOO.

nepefeo]>an iio haej:$ pip lseppan helt J>a lenbenbpyeban •
iio lj* blobep timbep • <j blobep huf • *j pofuop • ]?onne
]?apa metta meltung bij? *j pynnef ))a becuma]? on ]?a
hpep ]?onne penbaj? hie hiopa hip *j ceppaft on blob •

fol. 74 a. *j J>a unpepepneppa }>e j?sep beo]? hio apypp]? ut ^ ^

claene blob jefomna]? <j J>uph peopep sebpa fpi]?oft 6n-
pent to J?8epe heoptan *j eac jeonb ealne J?one licho-
man oJ> J>a ytmeptan hmo. be ]'ex J^injum }>e J?one
lipeppsepc pypceaS sepeft gefpel f if ajmnbenep J>a3pe
lipep.1 Oj?ep lp J>a?p gefpellef tobepfcunj. J)pibbe ip pnnb
J><epe hppe • people lp pelmep haeto mib jepelneppe *j mib
pape gefpelle • pipte ip aheapbnng J?8ep majan mib gepel-
neppe *j mib pape. Sexte lp heapbung J>aBpe lippe butan
jepelneppe «j butan fape. bsepe hppe jefpel o)?]?e aj>un-
beneppe J?u meant J>up ongitan • on )?a fpi^pan healpe
unbep J>am hnepcan2 pibbe bij? sepefu pe fpile on ]?gepe
Iippe -j ^epelft fe mon sopefu ]?a3p hepigneppe *j pap *j
op j?sepe ftope opep ealle ]?a fiban aftihb oJ> f pi]?oban
*j oj? bone fpi]?pan pculbop ^ fap • «j hip micgje brS
blobpeab fpilce hio blobig fie • bi]? htm unluft jetenje
•j hTp hip blac «j he bi}> hpset hpeja hpipenbe • y fm-
galne cyle J>popaJ? «j cpacaj? fpa mon on lencten able

fol. 74 b. oel? • ne niaBj him mete unbep gepunian J?infc fio hpep

^ ne mseg J?am pape mib hanba onhpman br8 to j?on
fcpanj *j nsepj? nanne pleep )?onne hit ftpanjoft bi]? •
j;onne pe fpile tobypfe J>onne bib* feo micge lyppen
fpilce popmp • jip he utypnb J?onne bi]? f pap lseppe.

1 ltead bj-jie. - Read nextan, last?

LEECH BOOK. II. 199

patients. The liver is extended on the right side as Book II.

far as the pit of the belly, it hath five lobes or lappets,

it has a hold on the false ribs, it is the material of

the blood, and the house and the nourishment of the

blood ; when there is digestion and attenuation of the

meats, they arrive at the liver, and then they change

their hue, and turn into blood ; and it casteth out the

uncleannesses which be there, and collects the clean

blood, and through four veins principally sendeth it to

the heart, and also throughout all the body as far as

the extremities of the limbs. Of the six things which

work liver pain : first swelling, that is, puffing up of

the liver; the second is the bursting of the swelling ; the

third is wound of the liver ; the fourth is a burning heat

with sensitiveness and with a sore swelling ; the fifth

is a hardening of the maw with sensitiveness and with

soreness ; the sixth is a hardening of the liver without

sensitiveness and without soreness. Thou mayest thus

understand swelling or puffing up of the liver ; on the

right side is under the nesh a rib first the swelling of the a Read last

liver observed, and the disordered man there first feeleth

heaviness and sore, and from that place the sore riseth

over all the side as far as the collar bone, and as far as

the right shoulder, and the mans mie is bloodred as if

it were bloody ; loss of appetite is incident unto him,

and his hue is pale, and he is somewhat feverish, and

he suffereth remarkable chill, and quaketh as a man doth

in lent addle or typhus fever ; his meat will not keep

down, the liver enlarges, and he may not touch the

sore with his hand, to that degree is it strong, and

he hath no sleep when it is strongest. When the

swelling bursteth then is the mie purulent, as ratten ;

if it runneth off then is the sore less.

200 LvECE BOC.

.XVIII.

Vi]> ];a3jie lippe fpile o6$e ajmnbeneppe £ip fe utianj
ponfitfce Mm i)' on ppuman blob to poplaetenne on
asbne on ]?a pmefcpan healpe pyjic htm ponne be]?mge
J?uj* cj pealpe op ele *j puban • «j bile «j op mepcep
fsebe fpa micel fpa pe J>mce peo'S call nub ]?y ele «j
J?onne mib lmepcpe pulle be]?e mib ]?y pope lange ba
IpiSnan fiban *j J?onne opejileje mib pulle -j befpejje
i ptefce ymb .III. mht pync liim ept 6nlec5eD.be fealpe

•j bepen jpytfce geonb gotene mib pme «j J?onne
gepobene *j mib ecebe «j mib hunige call getpipulab
*j ept §epoben lege on ]?one piccepfcan claS oJ?8e
on pel fpiSe1 mib fpa peajime «j on j> pap bmb <j
hpilum teob mib jlseie oJ)J?e mib hopne. Tip pe utgang
fol. 75 a. po^jitte mib pyptbpencum ateoh lime ut. Pync op

penmobe • *j op hipbe pypte • *j op puban pseoe • bo
afeoponep lmnijep genoh to pele neahtneptigum cuclep
masl.

.XVI1IT.

Tacn be afpollenpe 'j gepunbabpe lippe lrecebomap
pi]? j?on • *j be )?8epe lippe aheapbunje. Se J?e br§ je-
punbob j?onne on ]?a lippe • *j pp he ne bij> J?on paJ?op
jelacnob j?onne becymS he on J?a able ]>e mon popmfe
Ipipe]? • pp fe jefpollena mon on ]?a?pe lippe oS8e pe
aj?unbena fpa afpollen jebit oJ> ]?one pip *j tpentigejjan
bsej fpa pe fpile ne bepfte]? J?onne onjmS fio lipep
heapbian jip hio Tebypift J?onne biS fsep. pmb2 on
]?«?pe lipjie. J>sepe punbe tacn pmbon |?onne fio punb

1 Rather fjjCSe.

'-" Head jmnb, because J'jepe jumbc follows.

LEECH BOOK. II. 2U1

xviii. Book II.

Ch. xviii.

For swelling or pulling up of the liver ; if the out-
rr0iDrr l lodire, the man must first be let blood on a
vein, on the left side, then work him a bathing thus,
and a salve of oil, and rue, and of dill, and of marche
seed, as much as may seem good to thee, seethe all
with the oil, and then bathe with nesh wool with
the wash for a long time the right side, and then
overlay with wool, and swathe up fast for about
three nights ; work him again an onlying salve, and
lay barley groats soused with wine, and then sodden,
and tills all triturated with vinegar and with honey,
and sodden again, lay on the thickest cloth or on a
skin, swathe up therewith so warm, and bind upon
the sore, and at whiles draw with glass or horn, as
with clipping glass. If the secretion lodge, draw it
out with wort drinks ; work such of wormwood and
of herd wort, and of seed of rue, add enough of strained
honey ; give the man a spoon measure after his nightly
fast.

xix.

Tokens of a swollen and wounded liver ; leechdoms
for that ; and of the hardening of the liver. He who
is wounded in the liver, if he be not sooner cured, then
arriveth at the disorder in which a man speweth
purulent matter. If the man swollen in the liver, or
the bloated one, abideth so swollen until the five and
twentieth day, so as that the swelling bursteth not,
then beginneth the liver to harden ; if it bursteth,
then is there a wound in the liver. Tokens of the

1 8e utgans -would be presumed
to be faeces, the outgoing of the
intestines ; but, since this chapter
must be based on Alexander Tral-

lianus, irpbs Zfxtypa^iv r/iraTos, the
writer ought to mean, the outgoing
of bile from the liver.

202 LMCE BOC.

gebopften bi}> ponne br3 ]?uph ]?a pambe fe utjiyne
fpilce blobij psetep *j bij> hip neb peab <j afpollen • *j
]?onne ]?u him Jnne hanb peteft on J?a lippe J>onne jepelj?
he fpi]?e micel ! fap *j bij? fe man fpioe meajio • *j op
j?8epe able cymS pul opt pastep bolla. ])i]> gefpollenum
fol. 75 b. fajie. On ppnman mib onlegenum <j pealpum fceal

mon lacnian • fio pceal beon op bejienum jpyttum
on leaje jefobenum ■j op culppena pceapne jepopht mib
hunije *j J>onne alecje mon ];a fealpe on hatne cla3
o]?]?e pel o]?]?e captan befpej?e mib J?onne hnepcaS pe
fpile fona <j jebepfuej? mnan. bpmce mulfa f lp ge-
milfcebe bjiincan selce baeje • *j gate meoluc jefobene
•j psetep on J?am fien jefobene jobe pypta.

.xx.

LaBcebomap pij? paepe lippe punbe J?onne fe fpile ge-
pypfmeb tobypft • Nim jate meoluc fpa peapme nipan
amolcene pele bpmcan. bo eac to bpence nasbpan
jepophce fpa laecap cunnon -j J?onne hie selcpa bpmcan
pillen bpmcan hie nemne paetep • aep gefoben op pyp-
tum ♦ on pejimobe *j on o]?pum fpelcum *j fpilca onle-
gena fpa pe aep ppiton. Ac mon pceal aep mib peap-
mum fppmgum «j hate paetpe be]?ian ^ Jppean )?a ftope
'j on J?am paetpe fien gepobene laupef cpoppan *j hipbe-
fol. 76 a. pyp^ ^ lY eojvSjealla *j pepmob mib )?y J?u J?a fajian

fcopa lanje aepeft bepe *j last peocan on • pp J?onne
pio punb fpiSe potige f>aepe lippe o)? $ he f pupfm op
mu$e hpaece • jepypce him jemilfcabe bpmcan • f ip
micel bael bepyllebef paetepef on hunigep jobum baele •

1 Mice, MS.

LEECH BOOK. II. 203

wound are these ; when the wound is bursten out then Book II.
the outrunning through the wamb is as it were bloody ' X1X*

water, and the "mans face is red and swollen ; and
when thou settest thine hand upon the liver then the
man feeleth very much soreness, and the man is very
tender, and from this disorder there cometh full oft a
dropsy. For a swollen sore : at starting one shall cure
with onlayings, that is, external applications, and
salves ; the salve shall be of barley groats sodden in
ley, and of culvers sharn wrought with honey, and
then let one lay the salve on a hot cloth, or on a
skin, or on paper, beswathe with that, the swelling
soon becometh nesh and bursteth within. Let the man
drink " mulsum/' that is, dulcet drinks, every day, and
goats milk sodden, and water on which good worts
have been sodden.

xx.

Leechdoms for the abscess of the liver, when the
purulent swelling bursteth ; take goats milk so warm,
newly milked, give the man that to drink. Form also
into a potion an adder, wrought so as leeches ken hoiv
to work it, and when the sick will to drink anything,
let them drink nothing but water previously sodden
with worts, on wormwood and on other such, and
such onlayings as we before wrote of. But one shall
previously bathe and wash the places with warm
squirtings and with hot water, and on the water let
there be sodden bunches of laurel berries or flowers,
and herd wort, that is, earth gall, and wormwood ; with
these do thou long previously foment the sore places,
and make the reek smoke them. If further the wound
of the liver be very ratteny, so much as that the man
hreaketh the ratten from his mouth, let him work
himself a mulled drink, that is, a mickle deal of boiled
water in a good deal of honey ; from it shall the scum

204

L^CE BOC.

op j?am pceal beon ]> jiot jelome abon ]>enben hit mon
pelb oj? ! f ]?a3]i nan ne fie • last )?onne eolian <j fele
]>onne bp mean. ~

.XXI.

tKiftaxns. ]0eR fine tacn aheapbobpe hjrjie je on ]?am lseppum

Lj healocuin *j pilmenum. Sto aheapbung lp on tpa
pifan jepab. 0)?ep bi]? on ppuman sep ]?on he senij
o]?ep eappe}>e on lijzpe beenme • oJ?epu septep oj?]iiun eap-
pejmm psepe hppe cymb • fio bi]? buran fape • *j honne
fe man mere Jjijb J)onne apyppb he epic -j onpenbej?
hif hip <j hsep^ imjepealbene pambe -j J?a micjean • *j
honne J?n Sine hanba lerfu upan on ]?a hppe ]?onne
beob fpa hepr$e fpa fran *j ne bi]> pan • pp f lange
i'pa bi]? J?onne jehaBjrJ? hi" on une]?ehcne3 ppetepbollan.

fol. 76 b. Galle4 ]>a blapunje *j ]?a pelmaf ]?a ]?e beoj? jehpaBp

jeonb J>one lichoman • j a cuma'b op hatum blobe *j
pea]lenbnm • fpa biS eac fpilce on oaepe hppe ~o onji-
tanne hpa3J?ep fio hseto *j fio ablapunj fie on J?aspe
hppe pelppe on J?am pilmenum • *j on J?am pmgiim ]?e
ymbutan )?a hppe beo)> • 'j hpashep bio fie on bam
lipepbylum *j lseppum ]?e on ];am hpepholum «j heal-
cum ]?e on ];am baelum basm. bonne ]*e leece f ongit
J>onne masj he ]?one lsecebom J>e pabop pnban • pip
fynb ]?a racn • gtp fio ablapunj fio hate bi}> on
]?aepe hppe opjium obbe by Kim )?onne bi}> ]>aep micel
ajnmbenep *j pepep mib fpeopunja5 omena ^ ibm-
jenbe fap o)? ]?a pi]?oban ob Sa eaxle *j hpofca *j
neaponep bpeofta • cj mape hepijnep ]>onne pap • «j

1 MS. has on.

2 This passage may be from Phi-
Jagrios on the preparation of airfyieXi,
as preserved in Nikolaos Myreps-
ios, v. 3.

3 For uncheleacnc.

1 These words are found in Alex-
ander Trallianus, vii. 19 ; p. 120,
ed. 1548.

5 Kead fj'eolun^a, from the -words
real Trvpcrbv eVi^e'pet navffuSrj.

LEECH BOOK. IT.

20.5

be frequently removed, while it is a boiling, till that
there be none there ; then let it cool, and then give it
to be drunk.

Book IT.
Ch. xx.

XXI.

Here are tokens of a hardened liver, whether on the
lobes or the hulks, that is, the hollows of it, or the
films and membranes. The hardening occurs in two
ways ; the one is in the outset before any other mis-
chief cometh upon the liver ; the second cometh after
other mischiefs of the liver ; it is without sore, and
when the man taketh meat, then he casteth it up
again, and changeth his hue, and hath not under con-
trol his wamb and his mie ; and when thou settest
thine hand from above upon the liver, then it is as
heavy as a stone and is not sore : if that continues
long so, then it involves a not easily cured dropsy.
All the ^blowings and the burnings which be any-
where throughout the body, come of hot and boiling
blood. So also in like manner it is to be understood
of the liver, whether the heat and the upblowing be
on the liver itself, on the films, that is, membranes,1
and on the things 2 which be about the liver ; and
whether they be on the liver prominences and lobes,
or in the liver holes and hulks,3 or in both those
parts. When the leech understandeth that, then lie
may the more easily find the leechdom. These are the
tokens ; if the hot upblowing is on the margins or
prominences of the liver, then is there much distention
and fever with burning heats and a piercing soreness
as far as the collar bones, and as far as the shoulder, and
there is host, or cough, and oppression of the breast,

1 x'two-iv, funics, coats, Alex.
Trail.

- /j-vai, muscles, id.

' 'L'i)Te~vapa. 76 ra icvpru •ireit^uQacri

IxuWov, v) ra ci/j.d '/) Kal rb crvvafjupu-
repot/ ; the convexities or concavities,
or both at once .

20 6 LMCE EOC.

ponne fio ablapung biS on pam pilmenum *j on pam
rebpTim pe on <j ymb pa hppe beoS ponne bip ]5 pap
fceapppe ponne peep pelmep paji pe on psepe hppe
pelppe beo$ • <j pu meant be pon onptan f fio abl
bip psepe hppe lseppum «j ofjium. jtp ponne fio hppe
fol. 77 a. aheapbung «j pio abl *j pio ablapnnj bip on paape hppe

healcnm *j holocum gecenneb ponne pmcp him fona on
pnuman f fio psete fpipop nipop jepite ponne hio
tipfrije • *j fe mon jefpojunja ppopa$ *j mobef gefpae-
ppnnga • ne maeg him fe lichoma batian ac he bi<5
blac *j pynne «j acolob *j poppon setpilo' him psetep-
bolla.

.XXII.

Pip psepe gepelan heapbneppe psepe hppe "Sonne lp
fio to beftianne mib hatan psetpe on pam fien jefo-
bene pypta. Pepmob • *j pilbpe ma^pan pypttpuman •
penogpecum hatte pypt • *j eop'8 jealla • ponne pa
pien ealle jefobene bepe ponne mib miclnm fppyngum pa
papan ftope lange • poplaat fpa .III. bajaf. Pypc ponne
pealpe op hpsetenuni gpyttum jepophfc o&Se op bpipe
op pepmobe • *j op pine • *j op appotanean «j cymene •
•j op laupep cpoppan bo hunijef to f pn pyppe pele
him f ppy bagaf • oppe ]?pie pete him hopn on oppe
jlaep teoh ut. Sel pu lacnaft pp pu feopeft; puban
on ele *j jpenne pepmob oSSe bpijne • *j hpit cpubu
fol. 77 b. py ealle bepe lege on upan • lset beon ealne bseg <j eac

pela baga pa]* ping fmt to bonne «j pam monnum fynb
to pellanne migole bpmcan • pa pypt peteppihan • *j

LEECH BOOK. IT. 207

and more heaviness than sore. And when the upblow- Book II.

• Ch xxi

ing is on the films, and on the veins which be in and
about the liver, then is the sore sharper than the sore
of the inflammation which is on the liver itself, and
thou mayest by that understand that the disorder is
on the lobes and margins of the liver. If moreover
the liver hardening, and the disease, and the upblow-
ing is kindled on the hulks and hollows of the liver,
then it soon seems to the doctor that the humour
descends downwards rather than ascends ; and the man
suffers swoonings and failings of the mind ; l his body
cannot amend, but it is pale, and thin, and chilled, and
hence there falleth upon him dropsy.

xxn

For the sensitive hardness of the liver ; it is to be
bathed with hot water, on which worts have been
sodden, wormwood and roots of wild maythe, a wort
that hight fenugreek, and earth gall ; when they are
all sodden, then bathe the sore places for a long time
with copious water fomentations ; 2 leave it so for three
days ; then work a salve wrought of wheaten groats
or of a brewit of wormwood, and of wine, and of
abrotanum, and of cummin, and of bunches of laurel
berries ; add thereto as much honey as thou needest ;
give the man that for three days; on other three set
on him a cupping horn or glass, draw out hy that,
ivhat comes out Thou shalt treat the sick better if
thou settest rue in oil, and green or dry wormwood,
and gum mastic, with all that bathe him, also lay
it upon him; let it be for a whole day, and also for
many days these things are to be done, and to the
men must be given diuretic drinks ; give thou him

1 \enro9vfiias for the two.
2 Medicated baths were well known, as to Oribasios.

2 OS LMCE BOC.

bile • -j mepcep pseb ofrSe pypttpuman mib hunige pele
pu him ?elce baaje bpmcan • gij: htm pej:ep ne fie yc
f mib pme aapfcep pon oppe pyptbpencap pculon pippan
]> ^efpel bip jehpeleb *j tobynft «j pypS unfappe *j
nipep gepit puph 3a pambe -j fe man irnlr$ pojimfe •
talap f he ponne hal fie • ponne beop htm to pellaime

Aretaeos, fpipoft pa migolan bpmcan ;pte eall ty ypel puph Sa

pambe «j puph pa micjean peopSen 1 apej abon • py la?p
fe mon peoppe puph pone mup popmf fpipenbe *j hme
hupu pip basS healbe *j pip gpene sepia pp ponne pe
fpile *j f popmf upfuihS Co pon f pe pmce f hit mon
fnipan msege -j tit po^laatan • pypc him ponne pealpe
fBpeft op culppan fceapne *j op pam jehca • *j sep mib
fppynjum bepe pa fcope mib py psetpe <j pyptum pe
pe aap ppiton ponne pu onjite f •$ jefpel hnepcije *j

fol. 73 a. fpippije • ponne hpm Su him mib py fmb ipene *j fniS

Celsus, iv. 8. lyr hpon *j liftum ]3 f blob masje tit puppum pyla?p
pibep in ypel pohha jefije • Ne popket pu psep blobep

Aret. Acut. vi. to pela on aenne fip • pylep pe feoca man to pepij
people oSSe fpylte • ac ponne pu hit toftinge oppe
fmpe ponne hapa pe lmenne paetlan geapone f pu p
bolh pona mib poppprSe • *j ponne pu hit ept ma
laatan pille teoh pone paatlan op lsefc lytlum fpa opp
hit abpujie • *j ponne fio punb fie claene • genyme
ponne -p f ]?yj\el to neapo ne fie • ac pu hie nelce
bseje mib pipan jeonb fpaet • *j appeah mib pam pm-

1 Read people.

LEECH BOOK. II. 209

every day to drink the wort parsley, and dill, and seed Book n.
of marche or its roots with honey : if he hath no fever Ch- XX11
eke that with wine. After that other wort drinks
are proper, when the swelling is become an abscess and
bursteth,1 and is becoming more free from soreness, and
is passing off downwards through the wamb, and the
man pisseth ratten, reckoneth that he then may be
hole ; 8 then must be given him principally the diure-
tic drinks, in order that all the mischief through the
wamb and through the mie may be done away, lest
the man should take to spewing ratten through the
mouth ; and let him withhold himself somewhat from
the bath and from green apples. If however the
swelling and the ratten mounteth up to that degree
that it seem to thee that a man may cut into it and
let it out, then work him a salve first of culvers sharn
and the like of that, and previously bathe the places
with sousings, with the water, and with the worts
which are wrote of before. When thou understandeth
that the swelling is growing nesh and mild, then touch
thou it with the cutting iron,3 and cut in a little^
and cleverly, even that the blood may come out, lest
an evil sinus or pouch descend in thither. Do not
let too much blood at one time, lest the sick man be-
come too languid or die; but when thou dost prick or
cut it, then have for thyself a linen cloth ready that
therewith thou mayst soon bind up the cut ; and
when thou wilt again let more blood draw the cloth
off, let it run by a little at a time till it gets dry ;
and when the wound is clean, then enlarge it that the
thirl or aperture may not be too narrow ; but do
thou every day syringe through it with a tube, and

1 The words are not from Tral- j - rcc T7js xi^ecos <ni/j.e7a aacpa-

lianus, but he speaks in the same AeWepa. Trallianus, p. ]2S, ed.

order of apxo/x4yr}s ireTreardai rrjs j 1548.

cp\cy/j.ov?is Kai yap 8i' ovpoov vttok\4tt- j 3 Cf. Aretoeos ; chron. I. xiii.

T6TCU Ka\ (r/MKpVV€TCLl 6 byicos. J

VOL. II. O

210 LMCE ROC.

jum pippan ofleje pe pa punbe clsenpien •* pp hio
fpipop unfyppe peoppe chenpa2 mib liunije *j jelset ept
togaebepe. 6pt ponne feo nngepelbe aheapbnng psepe
hppe to lanjfum yj]i^ • ponne pypcp bio pastep bollan
pone pe mon jelacman ne msej. Ac mon pceal pona
on jrpuman pa sep jenemneban bepunja • ne bpmee he
nipep nahc • *-) jip pe lipepfioca mon blobep to pela
hsebbe ponne pceal Mm mon sen eallum oppum lsece-
bomum blob lretan op pam fpiopan eapme on J?sepe
fol, 78 b, nipeppan rebpe • jip pa mon ne mse^e eape gepebian

ponne pceal mon on paape mibbel rebpe blob Iretan «
pa pe ]3 ne bop on micel eappepum beciimaS,

.XXIII.'3

DpSBt him fie to pop^anne on hpeji able hpseu him
fie to healbanne ge on Igecebomuin je on mete* pon-
ton lp peapp micel -p mon naupep ne pealpa ne bapn •
ne onlejena asp to nybe • a3p him mon blob lsete pam
pe pela blobepp hsej? •* septep ]?on pe pe lichoma fie
puph pa bloblaBpe geclsenpab .5 psef mannep bileopa0
if co bepceapianne • sepeft him lp to pellanne f
pone mnoS ftille «j fmepe • ne fie pceapp ne to apop •
ne plitenbe • ne fpigene • selc bpop lp to popganne
pop pon pe hit bip pmbenbe *j ypele psetan pypep •
;ojpii fmt to popganne popponpe hipa prete biS past *j
mapan ha3to pypcS • hlapep cpnman jip hie beop op-
tenbe oppe gepobene fmt to picjanne ac na to fpiSe •
fol. 79 a. oppe peotan7 mete jeappa *j cocnunga ealle fmt to

]:ojibeobanne • «j eal pa paBtan ping ^ pa fmepepigan *j
ofcephlapaf 8 *j eall fpete ping pe pypcaS apnnbeneppe •
ge pa pceappan apjian ping fmt to pleonne- poppon pe

1 claermen, MS.
'-' claerna, MS.

3 Alexander Trallianus, p. 127,
line 9, ed. 1548, by the general

5 seclaernab, MS.

6 Alex, ut supra, line 17.

7 Readhpsctene ; rot 5e dA\« rrdvra.

(TITUS')].

sense. * The Saxon leech skips four

4 E« aTua irAzovdCu. ! lines of Alexandros of Trallea.

LEECH BOOK. II. 211

wash it out by those means ; after that, lay thereon Book II.
what may cleanse the wound. If it turn off very im-
pure, cleanse it with honey and draw it again come
together. Again, when the insensible hardening of the
liver is of too long duration, then it forms a dropsy
which cannot be cured. But one must soon at the
outset employ the before named fomentations ; let him
drink nothing new, and if the liversick man have too
much blood, then one must, before all other leech doms,
let him blood from the right arm on the nether vein.
If that may not easily be got at, then shall a man
let blood upon the middle vein ; they who do it not,
come into mickle difficulties.

xxm.

Here we treat of what a man must forego in liver
disease, what he must hold by, whether in leechdoms
or in diet. For as much as there is much need that for
a man who has much blood one should employ neither
salves, nor baths, nor external applications, ere he be
let blood ; after the body is cleansed through the blood-
letting, the mans diet is to be examined : first must
be given him what may still and soothe the inwards,
what is neither sharp nor too austere, nor rending, nor
caustic ; all broth l must be foregone because it is in-
flating and worketh evil humours ; eggs must be fore-
gone because their liquor is fat and worketh more
heat ; crumbs of bread, if they be moistened or sodden,
may be eaten, but not in excess ; other wet [wheaten]
meat-preparations, and cookings up must be forbid-
den, and all the moist things and greasy, and
oyster patties,2 and all sweet things which work in-
flation. Yea the sharp austere things 3 must be

; Ze'yuo. I :i ra tTTixpovra ; but just above

3 do-TpaKSScpfxa, shellfish. J apop translated Spiuv,

o 2

212 TJECE BOC.

]?a fmt poptynenbe ]?a mnoJ?ap • <j ^efamna^ ];one fpile
•j nny];elice meltaS • pop Sonne seppla • * ne pin nip to
pellanne • pop Son ]?e hie habbaS hatne bpsej? • J?am if
to ]?icjanne unpceapp pm • eac pceal mon oxumelhf 2
pellan f brS op ecebe *j op hunige gepopht *bpenc
fuj?epne • <j ]?onne onjmft J?eene haeto pelm panian
fpi]?ofc J?uph $a micjean • *j Mm lp Co pellanne lac-
fcueaf-8 *j fuj?epne popij4 mnepeapb. Tacn5 j) fe fpile
J?pman ne msej • ne ntypnan on ]?a?pe lippe • \> fe
mon hsepS hepig pap on ni]?epeapbpe lippe b?elum •
emne fpa he pie mib hpilcpe hpeja byp]?enne jehepe^ob
on J>aepe fpij?pan healpe • *j neep'S he peppep hseto on
J?am baelnni • ]?am men fmt to pellanne J>a bpmcaii h
J?a laBcebomaf ]?a oe pe laspbon f mon bjbe to ]>a3jie
fol. 79 l). nnjepelan heapbneppe onjunnenpe on ]?aepe bppe feli-

ne j'Cije mib ]?y f pojifetene ypel • jip hpa bone la^ce-
bom be]? to }>e J>a popfettan ]?mg ontyne <j utteo seji
bon Se he J>one popheapboban fpile gehnepce • peneb f
he Int bete • gip ]wp alit brS lsepeb Jjsej heapban • ne
bet he hit ac pypt • <j abpij]? mib by Isecebome ]?a
psefcan <j pipS pe fpile fpa heapb fpa ftan • ^ ne msej
lime mon jemeltan ne gehnepcian.0

.XXIIII.

Pyptbpencap pi S eallum lipep ablum • pypce mon
to bpencum lipep feocum mannura • mepcef 7 pseb -
bilep • pepmobep • ])y jemete J?e laecaf cunnon gmb on
poetep pele bpmcan. Gpt8 coftep <-j pipopep buft 'j
obpa pypta bifum ^ehca bpmce .III. bagap • <j licje on

1 ~Fov poiai, pomegranates. . make a new chapter here, p. 127,

2 As before, foot of page ; miss- line 6, ed. 1548. The Saxon ver-
ing four lines. j sion is free.

:! For rb aaap, asarum Europceum, c This passage ends at Alex,

and ntaum, meum. Trail., p. 127, line 16, ed. 1548.

4 For nardus keltica, Valeriana c. j 7 From Alex. Trallianns, p. 1 29,

The Saxon perhaps means Glaucium J line 24, ed 1548, with omission of

luteum. Cf. Dioskorid. I. vii. \ asarabacca and almonds.

J The editions of Alex. Trail. * Alex. Trail., p. 129, line 32,

LEECH BOOK. II. 213

avoided, inasmuch as they have a bad effect in closing Book II.
the inwards, and they collect the swelling, and it doth Ch-XX11L
not easily disperse,1 hence neither apples nor wine
must be given, since they have a hot breath or aroma.
The man must take a not sharp wine ; one must also
give him some oxymel, which is a southern or Italian
drink, wrought of vinegar and of honey : and when
the burning of the heat beginneth to wane away,
chiefly through the mie, he must have lettuces and
the inward part of southern poppy. Tokens that the
swelling in the liver may not abate, nor run off; that
that man hath a heavy sore in the parts of the nether
liver, even as if he were weighted with something of
a burden in the right side, and he hath not a heat of
fever in these parts. To such a man must be given
the drinks and the leechdoms, which we taught one
should use for the insensible hardness begun in the
liver ; with them let him make the obstructive mischief
nesh. If any one applieth the leechdom which unlocketh
and draweth out the obstinately lodged matters, before
he hath made nesh the badly hardened swelling, he
weeneth that he is amending it ; but if there be aught
left of the hard matter, he amendeth it not, but
harmeth, and with the leechdom he drieth the hu-
mours, and the swelling becometh as hard as a stone,
and it cannot be dissipated nor be made nesh.

xxiv.

Wort drinks for all liver diseases : let one work for
drinks for a liversick man, seed of marche, of dili,
of wormwood, rub these fine into water in the manner
in which leeches ken how, and give to drink. Again,
let the patient drink for three days dust of costmary,
and of pepper, and of other worts like these, and let
him lie on the right side for half an hour, and drink

1 Tabs uynovs SvtrfyoprjTovs ipydferou.

fol. 80 a.

214 LMCE BOC.

]?a fpibpan fiban healpe tib <j bjimce ejfc on aepennc •
healbe lime J?onne pi]? eceb. pi]? bge]?1 pi]? pifan ^
beana • 'j nsepaf • "j pi]? ]?a Jjinj J?e pmbigne a3)?m r6n men
pypcen. 6pt2 coft • penum jpecum pipop liapan tynblu
ealjia empela • jebeat o]?)?e jejnib -j apipte • jebo cucleji
pulne ]?8ej* on pin pele bjuncan ]>am ]?e butan peppe
fie • J?8em be pepep hsebbe j? tp micel hseto «j hpub 8
pele ]?am on peapmum paetepe • jehcje ]?onne on ]?a
1pi|?pan fiban ^ alecje hip fpi]?pan hanb lnm unbep
heapob apeahte healpe tib.4 6pt pyptbpencaf pi)? hpep
able • cleepnan peapep .II, lytic bollan pulle mib lytle
hunije geinenjbe • bo peaji pnlne gehsettep pinef to
pele bjuncan ]?jiy bajaf jip hpset yplej' on ]?a3jie5 bib
fe bpenc lacnab. 6pt pilbjie mealpan feapep ]?jiy lytic

a Read j ullc. bollan pullan a gemengbe pi)? fpilc tu paetenef pele bpm-
can .1111. bagaf • «j jip lnm hpiS abl getenge bi^ ]?a
tobpip]? pe pypt bpienc. 6pt pm cymen *j I1U1115
^'.'^nib toSomne pele bjuncan. 6pt lpig cpoppena on
hum. monbe jegabenob J?e pe hatab lanuajuup on heben •
•j on englifc pe septejina jeola • pip *j xx. *j pipojiep eac
i pa • gepnb ]?onne mib ]?y felefuan pine • «j gehsete pele
j?am feocan men neahtnefnjum bjiincan. Laecebom pib
hpep able ept caulep tpigu o]?J?e ftelan mib j?am cjiop-
pum abpije clasnlice bsepne to ah fan gehealb ]?a ahpan*
*j ]?onne ]>eapp fie gebo ]?a3jie ahfan cucleji pulne nub

fol. so b. . xi. jepiibenpa pipop copna on ealb fpipe hluttop . .

. .6 jehset ]?oime pele bpmcan o]?pe j*i)?e nigon copn «
]?jubban fibe feopon. Lascebom pi)? hppe able ept laupej'
cpoppan «j pipopep copna .XX. gepub fmale • gebo on
bollan pulne ealbep pmep • *j gemenj tojaabepe mib

1 The text of Alex. Tra. 1528, i 4 This last clause, not in the text

lias QaAdvwv, but Albantis Torinus of Alex. Tr., is in the Latin of

" balneum." Albanus Torinus.

Alex. Trail,, p. 130, line •'>, fed. B Add ln/pe, omitted in MS.

1548. 'Some word, perhaps pm, is

:) Otherwise found hjnft. bere omitted by ISIS.

LEECH BOOK. II. 215

again in the evening. Let him withhold himself also Book- J1-
from vinegar, from the bath, from peas, and beans,
and navews, and from the things which work in a man
a windy vapour. Again, beat or rub up and sift
costmary, fenugreek, pepper, hares treadles, equal quan-
tities of all ; put a spoon full of this into wine, and
give it to him who is without fever, to drink. To
him who hath fever, that is mickle heat and fire,1 give
it in warm water ; then let him lie on the right side
and lay his right hand stretched out under his head, for
half an hour. Again, wortdrinks for liver disease : to
two little bowls full of juice of clover mingled with a
little honey, add a bowl full of heated wine ; give this
to be drunk for three days, if anything of evil be on
the liver, the drink will cure it. Again, give to drink
for four days, three little bowls full of the juice of
wild ma.llow, mingled with two such of water . and if
fever disease be on him, the wort drink clriveth it
away. Again, rub together wine, cummin, and honey,
give him this to drink. Again, five and twenty bunches
of ivy berries, gathered in the month which we hight
in Latin Januarius, and in English the second Yule,
and of pepper as much, rub these up with the best
wine, and heat it ; give it to the sick man, after
his nights fasting, to drink. A leechdom again for
liver disease : dry clean some twigs or stalks of cole-
wort with the flower heads, burn them to ashes, store
the ashes, and when occasion is, put a spoon full of
the ashes with eleven ground pepper corns into old
very clear wine, then heat it. give to be drunk the
next time nine corns, the third time seven. A leech-
dom again for liver disease : rub small a bunch of bay
berries and twenty pepper corns, put them into a bowl
full of old wine, and mingle them together with a glowing

' Properly fever; the Saxon seems to interpret Fever, as a
Latinism, by pure English words.

216

LMCE BOC.

fol. 81 a.

glopenbe ipene pele bpmcan «j jelicje itille. pip lippe
ablum jiuban pceapap ppy gebo on pine epoccan *j ppy
micle bollan pulle psetepef opeppylle o\ pone ppibban
bsel 'j ipete fpifce mib hunige *j ponne ept opeppylle
pele bpincan. Gpt pmcpeopep pa jpenan tpigu upe-
peapb gegnib on ]5 pelelue pm pele bpmcan. 6pc lieo-
potep lungena mib psepe ppotan al'ppmblab -j apeneb *j
abpigeb on pece • <j ponne hie pul pel abpugobe lynb
jebpyte *j gegnib ^ ponne gepomna mib hunije pele
co etanne lipep peocum men f lp halpenbe Isecebom.
Tip lipep peaxe bpince le man fpipolne bpenc. bpmce
ept puean asptep pon beon bpob* *j nuemge oppe psetan •
oppe pucan bpmce pepmob on maxpypte apyllebe • *j
nane oppe psetan <j ealipep hatte pypt apylle pa eac on
maxpypte bpince ppibban pucan *j nanne opepne1 psetan,
bpmce teptep fpeopolne bpenc ane pipe.

.xxv.

]36r fine tacn l'peotol be pambe copum 'j ablum <j
hu mon pa ypelan paetan paene pambe lacnian fcyle •
ponne pamb abl topeapb fie ponne beop pa tacn.
Pent; 2 hie lio pamb <j hjiyt <j gepelS pap ponne
le mon mete pigecS «j punTetunga *j unluft metep.
Cneop hatiab8 lenbenu hepejiafc <j togettep betpeox
Iculbpum -j eall lichoma luicce maBluni hepejaS *j latiaS
pa pet • *j pa lipan papa lenbena papiaS • ponne mon
pap cacn onpte • ponne lp fe yepefca la3cebom ba3g-
pyeieen J> mon mib py pa pambe clsenpije* f hio py pe

1 The change of gender is accord'
lug to the MS.

8 Diokies apud Paullum iEgine-

taui : col. 376, B. in Medicae Artis
Principes, for five lines only.

3 Gravantur, Lat., healtiaft 'i

' clajrnige, MS*

LEECH BOOK. II. 217

iron. Hve to the patient to drink, and let him lie still. 3?,ook 1K

° ,. • Ch. xxiv,

h or liver diseases ; put three bundles of rue into wine
in a crock, and three mickle bowls full of water, boil
them down to the third part, and sweeten them tho-
roughly with honey, and then again boil off; give this
to be drunk. Again, rub into the best wine the upper
part of the green twigs of a pine tree ; administer this.
Again, a harts lungs with the throat ripped up, and
spread out, and dried in the reek; and when they are
full well dried, break them and rub them small and
then collect them with honey; give this to the liver-
sick man to eat ; it is a healing leechdom. If the
liver wax large, let the man drink an emetic drink.
Again, for a week after that let him drink bean broth
and no other liquid, next week let him drink worm-
wood boiled in mashwort, and no other liquid, and
there is a wort called ealiver,1 boil that also in mash-
wort, let him drink that for the third week and no
other liquid. Let him drink after that an emetic drink
for one turn.

xxv.

Here are plain tokens of disorders and sicknesses of
the wamb, and how a man shall cure the evil humour;;
of the wamb. When wamb disease is present then the
tokens are ; the wamb turneth itself, and is fevered,
and feeleth sore when the man eateth meat, and prick-
ings, and loss of appetite for meat. The knees are
slow, the loins are heavy, and there are spasms be-
tween the shoulders, and all the body by piece meal2
is heavy, and the feet are tardy, and the muscles of the
loins are sore ; when a man observes these tokens, then
the first leechdom is a days fasting, that with that he
may cleanse the wamb, that it may be the lighter. Well,

1 Jack in the hedge ; Erysimum I '-' citra occasionem" the modern
alliaria. \ translation of the unprinted Greek.

218 LMCE BOO.

leohtpe pie • ^Ip fio abl fie j?onne git peaxenbe pasftc
.II. bajap tojyebejie jlp him mse^en jelsefce • pp he J
ne uiaeje pelle him mon leohtep hpget hpega to ]nc-
janne fpa se^pu beo$ y Son1 jeltc. Sume to pyepe
pambe claanpunja2 feopa$ netelan on pastpe *j on
pine • <j on ele • fume ]?sepe peaban netlan tpiju

fol. 81 b. ^jiene • fume befcan o]?)?e boccan3 on jefpettum pine

ieo]?aS 'j pellaS Co Jnc^enne • *j jip fio abl mape pypo"
•j fe peoca man ]5 marten haspS ]?onne feo|?an hie him
fupenjpan pypta «j bof> hpaet hpeja pipep to ; Sceapije
mon jeojme hpilc pe utganj fie J?e micel J?e lytel ]?e ]r<£]\
nan ne fie • leopnige be J?on pe lasce hu him ]?ince
hpset mon bon pcule • pp f fie omihte paste mnan
onbupnenu tyhte hie mon ut mib lijmm mettuin fin-
eenbum -j ne last mne jefittan on J?am hchoman *j
pyjiS jejabepobu omij paste on paspe pambe oSSe
on ]?am fmsetyeapme • *j nasp $ Jxmne utjanj fio fcop
ac biS apypbeb fio ftop *j pe maja onpent *j tobpocen
•j f heapob ajmuten *j pap • *j ]?a Inno]>ap ablapene «j
hafce peppap • *j micel Jmpft -j eallep hchoman abla
peop}>a$ apeahte. Sceal mon lacman fpilce able pp he
pepep naspS • mib cu meolcum ofrSe jate fpa mje mol-
cene bpince. 6ac hylpS gip mon mib ea ftanum on-
baepnebum • o)?]?e mib hatene lfene J?a meoluc jepypo

fol. 82 a. .j jpel], bpmcan • *j pp ]5 bi]? ^eong man -j J?a tib hsep'b

•j mihte htm mon pceal op eapme blob fpi]?e hetan
■j ymb .III, mht bpnce ept J?a meoluc,

bon, MS.
clsernunga, MS.

' Paul. yEgin,, as before.

LEECH BOOK. II. 210

if the disease be still on the increase, let him last for **?ok IL

Ch. xxv.

two days together, if his strength will endure it ; if

he be not able to do that, let him have somewhat

light to eat, as eggs be and the like of them. Some,

for the cleansing of the wamb, seethe nettle in water,

and in wine, and in oil, some seethe in sweetened wine

twigs of red nettle green, some beet or dock, and give

ilus to be taken; and if the disease groweth stronger,

and the sick man hath the strength for it, then they

seethe stronger worts and add some little pepper. Let

it be earnestly observed what the outgang, or fwcal

discharge, is, whether mickle, or little, or whether there

be none ; let the leech learn by that how it seems to

him a man should act. If there be an inflammatory

flagrant humour within, let it be got out by gentle

aperient diet, and let it not lodge within in the

body, for then there will be gathered an inflammatory

humour in the wamb, or in the small guts, and then

the place has no passage out, but the spot is corrupted,

and the maw is disturbed and upbroken, and the head

is vexed and sore, and the inwards upblown ; and hot

fevers, and mickle thirst, and diseases of all the body

become awakened. Such a disease must be treated, if

the 'patient have no fever, with cows milk, or let him

drink goats milk newly milked. Also it helpeth if a

man with water stones1 put in the fire, or with heated s<*~ i^j^fHr

iron, turneth the milk and .so giveth it to be drunk ;

and if it be a young man and he hath a suitable time

for it and strength to bear it, he must be freely let

blood from the arm, and let him drink the milk for

about three davs.

1 Understand such stones as Would bear to be heated and plunged in
^ater.

220

LMCE BOC.

.XXVI.

Be pambe coj^uni «j gip lno mnan punb bij? hu
f nion ongitan nisDje *j jelacnian • sejiefc jip hine
bib on innan punb bonne bib J?aep pap *j beotunga -j
jeiceopp • •j J?onne hie mete Jncgeab ^ bpincab bonne
plataS hie «j bib hiona niub pul <j hprbiab ^ hijia
utgang blobig *j fuinciS ypele • J)am mannum pceal man
pellan 335 pa Co pupanne • ben en bjieab clame nipe
butepan «j nipe bejien mela oboe gpytta tojsebpe
jebpipeb i'pa cocaf cunnon • pelle mon neahtnepti^um.
6pt pyferia peap <j pegbpseban menge mon pib apeopen
hunig pelle neahtneptigum. 6'ac pi]? ]?on bo man gobe
pealpa1 onlegena utan to J?a ]?e f ypel tit ueon eab-
mylte meutaf •j j*cip pin *j fme]?e.

.XXVII.

be pambe nnpSenlicpe gecynbo obbe J?sepe mipbypbo
hu ]> mon msege ongitan. bonne2 lno bib hatpe
gebypbo *j gecynbo • ];onne niseg lime pona lytel bpmca
fol. 82 b. helpan* glp he majia bij? pe bpinca fona bi]? peo pamb

gehepegob *j cloccet fpa fpa hie on cylle3 plecgete <j ge-
pihb bjiium mettum ];onne fio paste pamb ne JjjiopaS peo
Jmjvfu «j fio fpibe psetpe gecynbo hip ne ]?popab feo Jnipft ne
hepigneppe metta • 'j gepihb psetum mettum. be hatjic
gecynbo pambe- Sio pamb feo ]?e bib hatjie gecynbo
fio melt mete pel fpiJ>oft ]?a ]?e heajibe beob «j unea'b
mylte «j gepihb peapmum mettum <j bpmcum • 'j ne
bi]? hipe gefcebeb pnam cealbum mettum mib gemete
gej?igbum. Seo ]?e bib pseCejugpe gecynbo lio haepb
gobe gipneppe metep • hio nsepb gobe meltunge ipi);oft
on ]?am mettum J>e unease melue beob • gepihb cealbum

1 Head yealya "J ?

- Twelve lines found in Aetius
Tetrabibl. I. Seom. iv. capp. lxxii.,
Ixxiii., lxxiv., consecutively; also in
Paulus of iEgina, lib. I. cap. lxiv.

3 By the printed books jyiie
would seem to be the true reading.
" Fluctuations habeant, si id quod
" redundat, innatet."

LEECH BOOK. II. 221

xxvi.

Of sickness of the wamb, and if it be wounded
within, how a man may understand that and cure it.
First if there be a wound upon it within, then is there
sore, and grumblings, and irritation ; and when they
take meat and drink, then they have nausea, and their
mouth is foul, and they are fevered, and their discharge
is bloody and stinketh foully : to those men shall be
given eggs to sup up, barley bread, clean new butter,
and new barley meal or groats made into a brewit
together, as cooks ken to do ; let it be administered to
them after their nights fast. Again, let one mingle
juice of peas and waybroad with strained honey, and
give it after the nights fast. Again for that, let one
apply good salves, and external applications, such as
may draw out that evil, also easily digested meats, and
sheer and smooth wine.

xxvii.

Of the various nature of the wamb or of its caprice,
how a man may understand that. When it is of a
hot temper and nature, then a little drink ma}^ soon
help it. If the drink be more powerful soon the wamb
is oppressed and palpitates, as if in cold it were
beating, and it rejoiceth in dry meats. When the
wamb is moist it doth not surfer thirst, and it is of a
very moist nature ; it doth not suffer thirst nor heavi-
ness from meats, and it rejoiceth in moist meats. Of
the hot nature of the wamb. The wamb, that namely
which is of a hot nature, digests meats well, especially
those which be hard and of difficult digestion, and
rejoices in warm meats and drinks, and it is not harmed
by cold meats, taken with moderation. That which
is of a watery nature hath a good appetite for meat ;
it hath not a good digestion, chiefly of the meats
which be of difficult digestion, it rejoices in cold meats.

Book II.
Ch. xxvi,

222

LMCE BOC,

fol. 83 a.

fol. 83 1).

mettum. be cealbpe «j psetpe jecynbo pambe. Sio
pamb fio Se bi5 cealbpe oo!5e psetpe gecynbo o$Se
mipbypbo • htm cym8 bpaajenep abl *j unjepitpseptnep
him biS • *j j'Omie fio popbpujabe jecynbo on fara
i'mum *j on fain banum bi]> • f J?a j*yn pop]?yppobe
Jjonne ne mrej mon J?a gelacnian • jip hio ]?onne bi]>
mnoji on J?am pla?pcehtum ftopum mib fynbpigum
icopum *j pretmjum *j mettum f mon mtej gelacman
]>enben op ]?a?pe lippe fio blobpceapunj jeonb get ealne
pone hchoman. Seleft laecebom lp to fpilcum Jnnjum
]> mon jelome nyttige picep l <j ]?a pambe mib ])y
jeplea ponne hio jepyjimebu lie <j ba]?u op pen pjetepe
•j nije molcen meoluc mib hunige jefmej?eb htm beah •
bapige hme jelome on bse^e -j hpilum mib ele fmipe.1
JOim hylpS eac ]> him psefc cilb ! jetplape • -j j5 he f
-^ebo neah hip pambe fimle • him hylpS eac open bacen
hlap1 *j pcellehte pipcaf on pofe -1 -j ]?one mete )>e pel
myltan pille. be hatpe1 *j bjujjie pambe gtp jio pamb
abhj biS hat hpaefc hpeja • eac J>a3pe bpigneppe • ]?onne
ne pceal he humgep onbitan ac ealb ptn plaece mettaf •
jip pio yple paste to micel fie • ]> onne bugon him
cealb paateji *j pceappe mettaf butan hsetu • hpilum
beo]} ]?a pastan on ]>a3pe pambe pilmenum • J?onne
pceal mon f piphce fecean *j psephce chenpian2 mib
alpan • *j mib fpelcum utypnenbum bjiencum ateon ut
pa hophehtan psetan. bpaBiie mib py asp eft 'j pomie
pyjice leohte fpipole bpencap op paabice fpa p lsecap
cunnon. be hremebpmjum3 eallum pyppum lichomum
haemebpmj ne bujon ac fpipoft pyppum *j cealbum •
ne bepep hit hatum *j pastum pyppefu biS pam ceal-
ban hatan4 fpipoft pam Se hopnable habbaS. Spelcum
mannum beah -p hie htm ^efpmc angefecen *j hie pelpe

4 Oribasius Synops., lib. V. liii. ;
also Paulus JEgineta, lib. I. Ixxii,

2 cleernan, MS.

3 Five or six lines found iu

Paulus JEgineta, lib. I. cap. lxxi. in
Med. Art. Princ.

4 Read peetan from the original.

LEECH BOOK, TT. 22.S

Of the cold and moist natured wamb. The wamb Book II.

which is of a cold or moist nature or caprice ; on the

man cometh disease of the brain and loss of his senses ;

and when the desiccated nature is upon the sinews

and on the bones, so that they are dried up, then

they cannot be cured. Then if this dryness be more

within on the fleshy parts, one may cure that with change

of residence, and wettings, and meats, as long as from

the liver the blood gushes through the whole body.

The best leechdom for such things is, that a man

should frequently make use of pitch, and strike the

wamb with it, when it is warmed ; and baths of rain

water, and newly milked milk, softened with honey, is

good for the "patient. Let him bathe himself frequently

in the day, and at whiles smear himself with oil. It

is also helpful to him that a fat child should sleep by

him, and that he should put it always near his wamb.

Oven baked bread also helpeth him, and shell fishes

in liquor, and (let him eat) the meat which will readily

digest. Of the hot and dry wamb, if the diseased

wamb be somewhat hot, besides, for the dryness ;

then shall the patient not taste of honey, but old wine

and lukewarm meats. If the evil humour be too

mickle, then are good for him cold water, and sharp

meats without heat. At whiles the humours be on

the membranes of the wamb ; then shall a man wisely

seek into that, and warily cleanse them with aloes,

and draw out the turbid humours with such purging

drinks : first clear the wamb with them, and then

work light emetic drinks of radish, as leeches ken

how to do it. Of venery: to all dry constitutions

venery is not beneficial ; but most to dry and cold

ones ; it harmeth not hot and wet ones ; it is worst

for the cold moist ones and them which have

disorder of the gastric juices. To such men it is of

benefit that they should seek to themselves exercise,

and should dose themselves, without bath, and with

224 lj:ce boc,

bpencen1 butan ba8e *j mib fmipeneppum hie fmeppan.
be cealbpe jecynbo pambe. Se J?e cealbpe jecynbo fie
nyttige fe gemethcep ypelep fpilce pe ]?e bpijpe oofte
psetpe fie. Se J?e hatfcjie fie fio jejabpaj? oman • ba
mon pceal pp hie nipep. beoo puph ];a pambe utpih-
ran mib pyptbpence ut abon • gtp hie upftigen Jmph
fpippan pceal mon apeg abon.

.XXVIII.

Pi J? ]?ons J?e mannep ]5 ugeppe hpip fie jepylieb mib
ypelpe pretan hophehtpe § ]?am mannnm gelimpo }>e on
fol. 84 a. miclum gebpmce pel pebenbe mettaf ]?icjea8 o]?]>e fpipaft

•j fpijmfu reptep mete -j him bio plaatta jetenje •
beoS geonb blapene *j bio fio pamb ajjeneb *j hpgectao"
jelome. Sam monnum pceal 3 pellan oxumelle mib
psebice ]3 lp fu];epne laecebom- *j ]?onne fpipao hie pona
pone ]?iccan hopli *j him bi]? pel. Gepj^pc4 J>e laecebom
pup op ecebe ^ op hunige • jerifm f pelefte hunij bo
opep heopo apeo]? f peax «j J> hpot op • jebo oonne to
J?am hunige empela ecebef J>aep ne fie fpi)?e apop ne fpioe
fpete meng to gsebepe *j bo to pype on cpoccan opep
pylle on jobum glebum clsenum *j cpicum oJ> J> hit fie
gemengeb ]> hit fie an «j lissbbe hunijep Jncneppe *j ne
lie on bejijneppe to fpeotol }>aep ecebep appe pceappnep •
gip fio pamb bi]? pmbep pull J»onne cynfS f op placpe
paBtan • fio cealbe psete pypcj? papan. pi}> ]?on pceal mon
feo]?an cymen on ele • *j mepcep pa3b • *j mopan fseb •
-j bilep • glp pe cyle fie mapa bo ]?onne puban «j laupep
blebe • ^ pmolep y&b jepoben on ele • pp J?onne pt
fio abl ejle jebpmge mne puph pipan oSSe hopn fpa

1 " Victus attenuans," Lat. ver- j 4 Oribasius Med. Coll., lib. V., cap.
sion of P. iEgin. xxiv. ; torn, i., p. 395, ed. Darem-

'-' Nine lines found in Paulas ' berg. Also Galenos, vol. VI.

iEgineta, lib. I. cap. xli. ' p. 271, ed. Kiihn.

J Read rceal mon.

LEECH BOOK. II. 225

smearings smear themselves. Of the cold nature of the Book n.
wamb ; he who is of a cold nature should avail him- Ch- xxvl1,
self of moderate discipline, as he who is of a dry or
moist nature. He who is of a hot nature, with him
the wamb gathereth inflammatory humours ; these, if
they be low down, one must get rid of by wort drinks,
through purging of the wamb ; if they mount up high
one must get rid of them by vomitings.

xxvm.

In case that the upper part of the belly is
filled with evil sordid humour, a thing which hap-
peneth to the men who in much continued drinking
take nutritious meats, or who spew, and chiefly after
meat, and who are subject to nausea, they are all
over blown as with wind, and the wamb is extended
and they frequently have breakings. To these men
one must give oxymel with radish ; that is a southern
leechdom : and then they soon spew up the thick cor-
ruption, and it is well with them. Work up the leech-
dom thus, from vinegar and from honey ; take the
best honey, put it over the hearth, seethe away the
wax and the scum, then add to the honey as much
vinegar, so as that it may not be very austere nor
very sweet ; mingle together, and set by the fire in a
crock, boil upon good gledes, clean and lively, till the
"mixture be mingled, so that it may be one, and have
the thickness of honey, and on tasting it the austere
sharpness of the vinegar may not be too evident. If
the wamb is full of wind, that cometh from luke-
warm humour ; the cold humour worketh sores. For
that shall one seethe cummin in ale, and seed of
march, and seed of more or carot, and of dill. If
the chill be greater, then add rue, and leaf of laurel,
and seed of fennel sodden in oil. Then if the disease
still annoy, introduce this through a pipe or a horn, as
VOL. II. p

226

L^CE BOC,

lsecap cunnan J?onne bej> f f pap apej. Tip J>onne jit
fol. 84 b. fio abl ejle bo fpatl to *j gelaupebne ele J> ip laupep

feap oSoe blofcman jemengeb *j eac o]rpu Junx, 3m
J>eapp fie fece mon.

fol. 85 a.

.XXVIIII.

Ipip ]?on }>e men mete untela melte <j xecippe on
ypele psetan <j fcittan • J?am monnum beah f hie fpipen •
jip him to uneaj>e ne fie • ^exjtemme mib pyptbpence
J> he fpipe • f he mib gefpette pine gepypce pp ])8ep
opepbeapp fie sep mete J> he fpipan msege • pleo J>a
mettaf J?a ]?e him by]fca *j popbaapnunxa *j ftiem on
Inn an pyncen *j to lmseblice meltan • Jncgen J?a $e 50b
peap pypcen «j pambe hnepcen. JDpilum him beah ]>
him mon pelle leohte pyptbpencap fpilce fpa biS pel
geteab alpe. Seo paste pypc]? pp hie mon ne be]? apej
uneaj?lacna abla $ lp pot pa?pc • h}> psepc • lenben
psepc *j opt ftpanj pepep becym5 on J?a men J?e J?a
able habbaS.

.xxx.

Qip 1 J?u pille f ]?m pamb pie fimle xefunb J;onne
pcealt n hipe j?up tilian gip )?u pilt • jepceapa selce
bsexe f Jnn utgonj *j micge fie jefunbhc aaptep pihte ■
glp fio micje fie lytelu feoS mepce <j pmnl pypc 50b
bpoS • oSSe peap 2 *j oj?pa fpeta pypta • Tip pe utjan^ fie
laappa 3 mm oa pypt J?e hatte on fu]?epne tepebmtma fpa
micel fpa ele bepge • pele bonne to pefce gan pille. baf
pypta fmbon eac beufce to J?on *j ea$ beTeatpa • bete • <j

1 The substance is found in Pau-
lus JEg., I. xliii.

2 reap : the name of some wort is
omitted in MS. ; or strike out i.

3 Four lines occur in Paulus of
JEgina. lib. I., cap. xliii.

LEECH BOOK. IT. 227

leeches ken to do it; then it removes the sore. If Book II
however the disease still vex, add spittle and laurelled
oil, that is to say, juice or blossoms of laurel mingled
with oil, and if need be, let also other things be
sought out.

xxix.

In case a "mans" meat doth not well digest, and
turneth to evil humour and to excrement, it is good
for those " men " that " they " should spew, if it be
not too uneasy to "him," irritate him to spew by a
wort drink. If there be extreme need that he may
be able to spew before meat, let him manage that
with sweetened wine. Let him flee the meats which
work him mucus, and burnings, and heat in his inside,
and which too readily digest : let him take those
which work a good juice, and make the wamb nesli.
At whiles it is good for him that one should give
him light wort drinks, such as are aloes well pre-
pared. The humour, if one doth not get rid of it,
worketh not easily cured diseases, that is to say, foot
pain, joint pain, loins pain; and often a strong fever
cometh on the men who have that disease.

xxx.

If thou wish that thy wamb be always sound, then
shalt thou thus treat it, if thou wilt. Look to it every
day that thy faecal discharge, and thy mie, be of sound
aspect as right is. If the mie be little, seethe marche
and fennel, work a good broth, or seethe juice of
. . . and of other sweet worts. If the faacal discharge
be too little, take the wort which in southern lands
hight turpentine tree, as much of it as the size of
an olive; give it the sick when he will go to bed.
These worts are also very good for that, and more

p 2

228

LyECE BOC.

fol. 85 b.

fol. 80 a.

mealpe • *j bpappica *j Jnfum jelica jepobene setgsebpe
mib geonje fpmef plaepce • picge ]? bpob* • «j eac beah l
netle gefoben on pastpe • *j jepelt to Jncjanne • «j eac
ellenef leap -j f bpo$ on ]?a llcan pifan. Sume alpan
leap pellac" J?onne mon pile plapan jan • fpelc fpa bi$
]?peo beana2 selce badge to popfpeljanne *j J?ifum gelice
bpencaf -j fpiopan pp ]?eapp fie pynbon to pellanne •
fpiSofu on popepeapbne lencten seji ]?on fio ypele paste fe
]?e on pmfcpa geSomnab biS hie togeote geonb o]?epa
lima. OQonije3 men J?8ep ne jymbon ne ne gymaS
]?onne becymS op ]?am yplum pas turn • oSSe fio healp-
beabe abl o]?J?e pylle psepc oSoe fio lipite piep]?o J?e
mon on fu]?epne leppa liaBt o]?Se tetpa o]?J?e heapob
hpiep^o • o]?J?e oman. Fop]?on pceal mon asp clsenpian4 pa
yplan pastan apeg a3p )?on J?a ypelan cuman *j gepeaxen
on pinfcpa • *j j?a limo geonb ypnen. pi]? pambe co]?e
•j fane • lmfaebep gegmben ooSe gebeaten bolla pull •
*j II. pceappep ecebep opeppylle aatggsbepe pele bpmcan
neahtneptigum J?am feocan men. 6pt lege bpeopge
bpoftlan gecopene on J?one napolan fona geftille]? ; 6pu
bilep faebep lytelne5 gegnib on peetep pele bpmcan.
Pi]? pambe coSe *j pi]? mnepopan fape. bonne pop
miclum cele pamb fie ungepealben • bo 3a J?mg Co J?e pe
be upan ppiton. gip psep ]?onne fie ]?sep bpipep penbung
oSSe gepceopp • geriim J?peo cjioppan laupef bleba gegnib
•j cymenep • «j peteppilian pynbpige cuclepap pulle • *j
pipopep .XX. conna • gegnib eall togsebepe *j ]?pie pil-
menna on bnibba pambum abpige • a?ptep Son geriim
psetep gegnib bile on • *j ]?ap ]?mg gehsete pele bpm-
can • oj? f •$ pap gefeilleb fie. pi]? ]?on llcan geriim
hlap gefeoo1 on gate meolce poppige on mj?epne.6

1 Four more lines found in P.
./Eg. The Latin version, the origi-
nal being unpublished, has mercu-
ridlis for nettle.

• The Latin gives, aloes as big as
three vetches.

3 Paulus JEgineta, lib. I. cap. c,
cites Diokles to similar purport.
1 claernian, MS.
5 Read lytelne bad.
fi Read on fubejme bpenc.

LEECH BOOK. tl. 229

easily procured, beet, and mallow, and brassica or cab- Book II.
beige, and the like to these, sodden together with young
flesh of swine ; let the man swallow the broth : and
also nettle sodden in water and salted is good to
swallow ; and also leaves of elder and the broth in
the same wise. Some give leaves of aloe, when a man
willeth to go to sleep, as much as three beans, every
day to be swallowed ; and drinks like these, and more
powerful ones, if need be, are to be administered ;
especially in early spring, before the evil humour,
which is collected in winter, spread itself through the
other limbs. Many men have not attended to this, no,
nor do yet ; then there cometh of the evil humours, either
hemiplegia, or epilepsy, or the white roughness, which
in the south hight leprosy, or tetter, or headroughness,
or erysipelas. Hence one must cleanse away the evil
humours before the mischiefs come and wax in the
winter, and run through the limbs. For wamb sick-
ness and sore ; a bowl fall of linseed, rubbed or beaten,
and two bowls of sharp vinegar; boil together, give
to the sick man to drink after his nights fast.
Again, lay chewed pennyroyal on the navel, soon the
pain will be still. Again, rub a small quantity of the
seed of dill into water, give it to be drunk. For
wamb sickness and sore of the bowels ; when from
much cold the wamb is not under control, do to it
the things which we wrote above ; then if there be a
subversion or irritation of the stomach, take three
bunches of laurel flowers, aiid separate spoons full of
cummin and of parsley seed (?), and twenty pepper-
corns, rub all together, and dry three membranes which
are in the wambs of young birds ; after that take water,
rub dill into it, and heat these things ; give the man
this to drink till the sore is stilled. For the same,
take bread and seethe it in goats milk, sop it in a
southern drink, such as hydromel, perhaps, or oxymel.

230 LiECE BOC.

J7iJ? pambe co]?e feoft puban on ele *j Jncge on ele.
Gpt pilbe culppe on ecebe «j on pastpe jefoben pele to
picjenne. pr3 pambe coSe ejit laujief leap ceope *j J>
feap fpelge «j )?a leap lecje on lnf napolan. Gpt heo-
potep meaph gemylt pele on hatum psetpe bjnncan.
To pambe gemethcun^e • jenim befcan abelp *j ahpipe
ne J?peah J?u hie ac fpa lange feoo" on cetele «j pylle
o]? f lno fie eal topoben «j Jncje ! geupnen • bo j?onne
lytel pealtep to <j hunigep • V. cuclep. msel • elep cuclep
nisei pele bollan pulne. Gpt heapbehtep poppep gepo-
benep2 pynbpijne pele bicjean. Gpc J?gepe peaban net-
Ian fseb on hlap pele Jncjean. Gpt bypijbepjena feap
pelle bpmcan. 6pt: plum bleba efce neahtnefcrj;. Gpt
elnep pmbe jebeatene fte penmgge peje on cealbep
psetpep bollan pullum pele bpmcan.

3. XXXI.

fol. 86 b. Be pambe cojmm -j tacnum on poppe *j on fmsel

Jjeajimum. Sum cyn br3 eac )?a3pe llcan able on J?a3pe
pambe • *j on J>am poppe *j fmasl ]?eapmum ]?e Jnp biS
to tacne • f hie ]?popiaS opmsetne Jrnpft • *j metep un-
luft *j opt ut ypna8 gemengbe ufcjange hpilum heapb •
hpilum hpit • hpilum opt on bsege utjao" «j Jxmne lyt-
lum • hpilum eene • *j }?onne mi eel • hpilum hie4 pel
jelyft utganjan • *j him ]?a bypj?enne ppam apeoppan •
<j geopne tilian ac ne magon nabba^S f mgejen j?3epe
meltunje «j bpopeteS blob • fpa pon jelicoft J?e tobpo-
cen past, be hiopa hipe ^ j?am napolan • <j ]?am psege-

1 bic^e, that is bicce.

2 Add cpoppan or the like.

Plainly a chapter irepl KcoAinrjs

diadeffews.
4 Bead hine.

LEECH BOOK. II. 231

2. For wamb sickness seethe rue in oil, and let the Book IL
sick swallow it in oil. Again, give him to eat a wild
pigeon sodden in vinegar and in water. For wamb
sickness, again, let him chew leaves of laurel, and
swallow the juice, and let him lay the leaves on his
navel. Again, give melted harts marrow in hot water
to drink. For moderating a the action of the wamb ; a Note, p. 1 65.
take beet, delve it up and shake the mould off, do
not wash it, but seethe and boil it in a kettle so long,
that it be all sodden to pieces, and run thick, then
add a little salt, and of honey five spoon measures, of
oil one spoon measure, give the man a bowl full.
Again, give to the sick to eat, separate, the top of a
sodden leek, having a head to it. Again, give him to
eat some seed of the red nettle on bread. Again,
give him to drink juice of mulberries. Again, let him
eat after his nights fasting plum fruits. Again, give
him to drink elder rind beaten, as much as may weigh
a penny, in a bowl full of cold water.

xxxi.

Of wamb sicknesses, and of tokens in the colon and
in the small guts. There is a kind of that ilk disease
in the wamb, and in the colon, and small guts, of which
this will be for a token ; that the sick suffer immoderate
thirst and loss of appetite for meat, and often they
have a flux with a mingled faecal discharge, at whiles
hard, at whiles white, at whiles they discharge often
in the day and then little at a time, at whiles once
and then much ; at whiles a desire is upon them to
go to stool and to cast the burthen from them, and
gladly would they attend to it, but they are not able,1
they have not the power of digestion, and they drop
blood, very much like a broken vessel. Of their hue, or

1 Tenesmus.

232 LiECE BOC.

jieofan • *j bsecfeapme *j nepefeoJ>an • «j milte l icape •
beoo" seblsece «j eal fe lichoma afcimob • *j ypel ftenc
nah hip pelpep jepealb <j bij? ^ pap on Sa fpiftpan
fiban • healpe 2 on J;a pcape • «j fa pambe fpipe jeneap-
pob ■ 'j ept ppam ]?am napolan o]? ]?one milte • *j on ]?a
pmeftpan psejepeofan «j jecymS set: J>am bsecpeapme *j
set ]?am nepefeoJ?an« -j ]?a lenbenu beoS mib micle pape
fol. 87 a. bejypbebu. penaS unpipe lsecap p ^ lie lenben abl
ofrSe milte psepc • ac hit; ne biS fpa • lenben feoce
men mi^aS blobe *j fanbe }?onne J?am ]?e milte psepc
bi<5 • ]nnbe]? him fe mile *j bij> aheapbob on J?am pme-
iujian bsele J?sepe liban. ba pambfeocan men J>popia(5
on ])am bsec]?eanme *j on fam ni)?eppan hpipe <j lofao"
him fona fio Ibepn «j cele JmopaS ^ plgep oJ)tojen *j
miht *j tiho" mnan ]?one pop *j on J> fmsel ]7eapme.

.XXXII.

J>ippe able ppuman mon msej yj>ehce gelacman* on
J?a llcan pipan ]?e ]?a utypnenban «j septep uneS ■ jip
hio biS unpiflice to lanje poplseten. On ppuman mon
fceal bsej oSSe .11. togsebepe jepseptan -j bej?an ]?a
bpeoft mib pine • *j mib ele *j pypcean onlejena op
pofan *j bepenum melpe pl3 pm jemenjeb *j on lmnije
jefoben *j mib ele on moptepe jefamnob lege opep J?a
fcape o]> p>one napolan «j opep ]?a lenbeno oJ> Jxme bsec-
J?eapm «j j?sep hit pap lie • lset him blob J?up *j 3 pete
jlsep on o$Se hopn «j teo ty blob ut *j fmepe mib ele
fol. 87 b. *j beppeoh hine peapme pop J?on ];e cile bij? J?sepe able

1 Add -j.

- The former of these synonyms should be erased.
:i Omit -].

LKECH BOOK. II. 233

complexion, and of the navel, and of the dorsal muscles, Book lr-

and of the back gut or rectum, and of the lower belly,

and the milt, and the share ; they are horribly pale,

and all the body is glazed, and an evil stench hath

not control over itself,a and the sore is on the right » Eufemism.

side on the share, and on the wamb, much troubled1

by it, and again from the navel to the spleen, and

on the left dorsal muscle, and it reacheth to the anus,

and to the lower belly, and the loins are girt about

with much soreness. Unwise leeches ween, that it is

loin disease, or milt wark : but it is not so ; loinsick

men mie blood and sand ; on the other hand those,

who have milt wark, the milt distendeth in them,

and is hardened on the left part of the side. The

wambsick men suffer in the back gut, and in the

lower belly, and their voice soon is lost, and they

suffer chill, and sleep is taken from them, and strength,

and it draweth the colon from within and upon the

small gut.

xxxii.

One may easily cure the first stage of this disease in
the same wise as the outrunning disease, or relaxation
of the botvels, and afterwards less easily, if unwisely
it be too long neglected. In the first instance a man
must fast for a day or two, and foment the breast with
wine, and with oil, and work poultices of roses and
barley meal, mingled with wine, and sodden in honey,
and gathered up with oil in a mortar, lay these over
the share, as far as the navel, and over the loins as
far as the back gut, and where it is sore. Let him
blood thus ; set on him a cupping glass or horn, and
draw the blood out, and smear with oil, and wrap
him up warm, in as much as cold is an enemy in the

1 It seems best to consider seneajipob as for geneappobe, with termina-
tion dropped.

284 LJSCE BOC.

peonb. Pypc him pealpe J?uf pi J? pambe cojmm op cpicum
fpeple *j op blacum pipope • «j op ele jnibe mon fmjele
<j menge togsebepe *j peax ealpa empela. Peaxep ]?eah
lseft • jip fio abl fie to ]?on fcpamz; p pap lseeebomaf ne
onnime pp fe mon lie jeong <j ftpang lset htm blob op
mnan eapme op J?sepe miclan asbpe )?8ene mibbel sebpe.
*£. This seems + Pyi10 J^p JT^alpe «j fmijie J?a fapan ftopa feoJ> puban
content with" on e^e 00 peteppihan to gip pu hsebbe <j picfa pypt-
the text: pro- tpuman • *j popij fij>]?an eal gepoben lie bo J>onne peax
miclan sebpe 6n J> ele »* fze f eall people to hnepcum peaxhlape •$
erased. hit lie hpseppe fpijmfu jej^uht pealp fmipe J?a fuopa §

hit lie pap mib J?y • fpi]?oft ]?one bsecpeapm ba];o pi]?
pambe coJ?um • him op pealtum pgetpum fmt to pypc-
anne • jip he J>a naebbe pelte mon hiopa mettaf. pi];
pambe coJ?um ept fpmef clape gebsepnbe *j to bufte
gegmbene bo on fceapp pm pele bpmcan. pi$ pambe
co)?e gate lipep gebsepnebu <j hpget hpega gegmben *j
fol. 88 a. on J?a pambe aleb him bij) ]>e bet. pi]? pambe cojnim

ept lacnunj on f hpip to Senbanne • genlm japleacep
J?peo heapbu *j jpene puban tpa hanb pulle • *j elep
.mi. punb oftSe fpa ]?e ]?mce • jebeat f leac «j J*a
pnban gegnib tojaebepe appmj o&Se apeoh • bo to ]?am
ele clsenpe butepan punb hlutpef picep piptan healpe
yntfan • *j clsenep peaxeS .ill. yntfan gemenge eal to-
jaabpe bo on glsep past • clsenpa 2 ]?onne sepeft J?a pambe
mib bpencef anpealbbpe onjeotunje • gip f pap ]?onne
mape fie bo mapan ele to • ^emeng ]?onne ]?a Jnnj J?e
ic asp nembe jeplece bo on. J>ap ]?mg magon je fi\>
lenben ece • ponne mon ponbe mihS je piS poppep ge
pi$ pambe *j fmsel ]?eapmef ablum ^ tit psepce ge pi]?

1 ele is usually masculine. | - claerna, MS.

LEECH BOOK. II. 235

disease. Work him a salve thus, against wamb dis-
orders ; from live brimstone, and from black pepper,
and from oil ; let them be rubbed small and mingled
together ; and wax also; of all equal quantities, of
wax however least. If the disease be to that degree
strong that it will not accept these leechdoms, if the
man be young and strong, let him blood from the
inner arm, from (the mickle vein of) the middle vein.
Work a salve thus, and smear the sore places ; seethe
rue in oil, add parsley, if thou have it, and roots of
rushes, and poppy ; after all is sodden, then add wax
to the oil, in order that the whole may become a
nesh waxen cake,a that it may be however a highly * ^ Cerote.
approved salve ; smear the places, so that soreness
may come with it, especially the fundament. Baths
for wamb disorders ; they must be wrought for them
of salt waters ; if none can be had, let their (the sick
mens) meats be salted. For wamb disorders again ;
put into sharp wine a swines claw burnt and rubbed
to dust ; give the man this to drink. For wamb dis-
order ; a goats liver burnt, and rubbed somewhat small,
and laid on the wamb, it will be the better for him.
For wamb disorders again; to send medicine into the
belly : take three heads of garlic, and green rue, two
handfuls of it, and four pints of oil, or as much as
seemeth good to thee ; beat the leek and the rue, rub
together, wring out or strain, add to the oil a pound
of clean butter, and four ounces and a half of clear
pitch, perhaps naphtha, and three ounces of clean wax ;
mingle all together, put into a glass vessel, then first
cleanse the wamb with the simple onpouring of a drink :
then if the sore be greater, add more oil, then mingle
the things which I before named ; apply lukewarm.
These things are valid either against loin ache, when
a man pisseth sand, or for diseases and pain of the
long gut, or of the wamb, or of the small gut, and
for dysentery, or for diseases of the maw, and gripings,

236 LiECE EOC.

magan ablum *j clapunga • «j pi]? pij:a tebpum gecyn-
bum. Sum copu lp psepe pambe ^5 pone feocan monnan
lyfceS utgangep ■j ne meeg ponne he ute betyueb
brS. pip pon pceal mon nsebpan sefmoju feocan on
ele • oSSe on butepan • oppe on pine on tmum1 psete
•j fmipe pa pambe mib py • gtp fe utgang fie pmbig *j
fol. 88 b. P^FS * *J blobij bepige mon pone bsecpeapm on gonj-

fcole mib penugpeco *j mepfc mealpe • fume mib pice *j
fmicaS *j bepiao\ Sume op jiigenum melpe pypceaS
bpipaf •j cocnunga mib pealte. Sume bpeopge bpofclan
jeceopaS *j lecgea'5 on pone napolan.

. XXXIII.

Be2 psejie ppecnan cope pe fe mon hip utgang puph
Gone muS him ppam peojipe pceal afpipan. ]0e pceal
opt bealcettan *j eal fe lichoma ftmcS pule pelle htm
mon bile gefobenne on ele oSSe on psetpe to bpmcanne
*j hatne hlap bo on pone bpmcan. bippe able eac pip-
fuanbep tofnibenpe hpeapemufe blob gefmiten on peep
feocan mannef pambe. pi3 Inno^ punbum <j pip fmsel
J.eapma fape • on gobne ele gefpetne bo pone fupepnan
pepmob f lp ppuuene • *j opepne pepmob «j feop picge
f fpa htm e] oft: fie. Gpt pip mnop punbum heopotep
meaph gemylt on harum peetpe pele bpmcan. pi J?
tobjiocenum Innopum *j fajium pilbpe mmtan bsel ge-
fol. 89 a. clpenfa pel fpa micel fpa mon msege mib ]?ptm pmjpum

gennnan bo pmolep psebep uo «j mepcep cuclep msel •
bo eall togcebepe jepiib fmsele • jebo ponne on psep
peleptan pmep .nil. bollan pulle • ha3te ponne op ]3 hit
fie fpa hat fpa pm pmjep popbepan msege pele ponne
bpmcan- bo fpa ppy bagap. pip tobpocenum Inno-
Sum- cellenbpef pseb pel gegmben *j lytel pealtep jcbo
on fceapp ptn • jebo on «j gepypme mib hate glopenbe
ipene pele bpmcan. • pip poptogeneppe mnan * heopotep

1 Read tmenum.

- Five lines found in Oribasius Synops, lib. ix., cap. xvi, in M.A.P.

LEECH BOOK. IT. 237

and for tenderness of the naturalia of women. There Book IT.
is a disorder of the wamb, such that a desire cometli XXX11,

upon the sick man for discharging his bowels, and he
is not able, when he is shut into the outhouse. For This prescvjp_
that, one must seethe in oil, or in butter, or in wine, tion is found
the slough of a snake in a tin vessel, and let him 376
smear the wamb with that. If the discharge be windy,
and watery, and bloody, let one foment the back gut
on the gang stool, with fenugreek and marsh mallow :
some smoke and foment with pitch : some work brewits
from rye meal, and cookings with salt : some chew
pennyroyal and lay it on the navel.

xxxm.

Of the dangerous disorder, in which a man, they
say, unnaturally speweth his faeces through the mouth.
He, they say, oft belcheth, and all the body stinketh
foully: let dill sodden in oil or in water be given him
to drink, and put a hot loaf of bread into the drink.
The blood of a reremouse or bat cut up, smudged on
the sick mans wamb, also withstandeth this disease.
For bowel wounds and sore of small guts ; into good oil
sweetened, put the southern wormwood, that is, abro-
tanum, and other wormwood, and seethe it ; let the
man take that as he most easily may. Again, for in-
wards wounds ; melt harts marrow in hot water, give
it to be drunk. For broken and sore inwards ; cleanse
part of wild mint well, as much as a man may take
up with three fingers, add a spoon measure of .the
seed of fennel, and of march e, put all together, rub
small, then add four bowls full of the best wine, then
heat it so hot, as thy finger may bear, then give it him
to drink; do so for three days. For broken inwards;
put into sharp wine, seed of coriander well rubbed,
and a little salt; put these in, and warm with an iron
glowing hot, give it the man to drink. For inward

238 LiECE BOG.

hojin jebsepneb to ahfan jepnben on moptepe • «j
J?onne apipt *j mib huni^e jepealcen to fnsebum pele
neahtneptijum to J?icjanne. 6pt mm j?a betan }>e
gehpsep peaxaft gepeoo" on psetpep jobum bsele • pele
J?onne bpmcan • .II. gobe bollan pulle fcilbe hme pi]?
cyle. be latjie meltunge mnan • mm geappan bpmce
on ecebe f beah eac piS eallum blsebpan ablum. be
latpe meltunje Innan jmban ysebep .vim. cypnelu je-
fol. 89 b. jnibene . in. bollan pulle jebo ]?a on ecebef peptep
pulne opeppylle pele J?onne bpmcan on fume pape nigon
bajon. be latpe meltunge mm ]?8epe peaban netlan
fpa micel fpa mib tpam lianbum mseje bepon • feoJ>e
on peptep pullum pagtpep bpmc neaht neptig. Rseb
br<5 jip he mmft mealpan mib hipe cijmm feo]?e on
psetepe fele bpmcan. ba J>e ]?ippa leeceboma ne praa^S
on ]?ippe able j?onne becymft him on psetep bolla • lipep
psepc *j miltep pap o]?]?e gefpel micjean pophsepbnip •
pambe ablapnnj lenben psepc on ]?sepe blsebpan feanap
peaxaft *j Sonb.

.XXXIIII.1

Be ]?sep monnep mihtum pceal mon J?a lsecebomaf
pellan J?e ]?onne jepoje fynb heapbe *j heoptan pambe
<j blsebpan *j hu geapep hit fie • fe J?e ne bepceapa^S
J?ip pe him fce]?e$ fpi]?op J?onne he hme bete. Se pceal
nyttian gepopobep elep ecebef *j pmep <j mmtan leap
gegmben on hunij *j J?a unfme]?an tungan mib ]?y
jmban ^ fmipepan :•

fol. 90 a. pi]? latpe meltunje. Ohpatpum hatte pypt feo beah

to bpmcanne. 6pt pyl on psetpe lihan pypttpuman
pele to bpmcanne. gip pamb po^peaxe on men • pmol •
cofu • elehtpe • attoplajpe • ceplicep pseb • pypm melo

1 In the margin are cyphers.

LEECH BOOK. IT. 239

gripings ; harts horn burned to ashes, rubbed small Book it.

. Ch xxxiii

in a mortar, and then sifted, and rolled up with honey
into morsels, give to the sick after his nights fast to
eat. Again, take the beet which groweth anywhere,
seethe it in a good deal of water, then give of this to
the sick two good bowls full to drink ; let him shield
himself against cold. Of late digestion ; let a man
drink in vinegar yarrow ; that medicine is also good
for all diseases of the bladder. Of late digestion ; nine
little grains of the seed of rue rubbed small, with
three bowls full of water (J), add these to a cup full
of vinegar, boil them, then administer to be drunk for
nine days, in succession. Of late digestion ; take of
the red nettle, so much as with two hands thou
mayest grasp, seethe in a cup full of water, drink
after a nights fasting. It is advisable if he taketh
mallow with its sprouts ; let him seethe them in water,
give this to be drunk. They who care not for these
leechdoms in this disease, on them then cometh dropsy,
liver pain, and sore or swelling of spleen, retention of
urine, inflation of the wamb, loin pain, stones wax in
the bladder, and sand.

xxxiv.

According to the mans powers one shall administer
the leechdoms which are suitable for the head and
heart, for the wamb and bladder, and according to
the time of the year; he who observeth not this,
doth him more scathe than boot. He shall employ
rose oil, vinegar, and wine, and mint leaves rubbed
into honey, and with that shall rub and smear the
unsmooth tongue.

For late digestion; a wort hight olusatrum, which
is good to drink. Again, boil in water roots of lilies,
give that to be drunk. If the wamb wax too great
on a man; fennel, costmary, lupin, attorlothe, char-

240

LiECE I30C.

on ealao1 pele bpmcan. Tip mon poppunbob fie • *j pic)
bpeoft psepce • cupmealle ^ bile pyl on ealo'S. 6pt
jnene puban lytlum o&>e on hunige J?ige. Tip mon
fie popblapen pas pmepmclan 2 jebaepnbe *j gejnibene
jemenj pi]? sejep J5 hpite fmipe mib. pi)? pambe 51c-
]>an • bpeopje bpofclan peopp on peallenbe paetep la3t
pocian on lange o)? ]3 mon lnsexe bpmcan f paatep.
PiJ? pambe pypmum *2 mm ]?a miclan fmpullan ppmg
p peap op peopep lytle bollan pulle on pmep anum
bollan pullum fpa miclum pele bpmcan J> beah pi)?
pambe pypmum.2

. XXXV.

Be cilba pambum *j opeppylle *j jip him mete tela
ne mylte • *j jip him fpat opja <j ftmce pule • J?onne
mon J> onjite ]?onne ne fceal him mon anne mete
fol. 90 b. xebeoban • ac mipSenlice f peo niopnep J?apa metta

mseje lnm Tobe beon • jip hpa opep jemet JnjJ? mete
p>aep mon tilao J?e eaftehcop ]?e mon pa)?o^ jebo f he
fpipe • *j jebep fie. gip hip mon getilao set J^sepe
ypelan pastan him becuma^ on mipSenhca abla • bpeoft
psepc • fpeopco]?u cealp 3 abl • heapbep hpip)?o • healfjunb •
cypnelu uneaftlacnu *j ]?am gelic • jip hi pop J?ifum ne
msejen plapan Sonne pceal him mon pellan hat psetep
bpmcan )?onne ftilS f jepceopp mnan <j clsenpaS4 \>a
pambe • Nytuijen baj?ep mebmiclum • *j mete J?icjen <j
mib psetpe ^emenjebne bpmcan Jncjen.

1 jnnejunclan. Somner, Gl., p.
60 a, line 32, also prints pine; the
Junian transcript of the lost MS.
(Jun. 71, in the Bodleian) has june.
The reprinter of the glossary [A.D.
1857] altered to pine, erroneously,
and silently. In the Colloquium
Monasticon, the MS. has pinejunc-
lan, torniculi, where the printed

text [A.D. 184G, p. 24] gives pine-
junclan, torniculos : the edition of
1857, pmejnnclan, torniculi [p. 6].
Lye is quite correct. The present
MS. has always w.

2 prnnum in the contents.

3 Read ceapl.

4 chernaft, MS.

LEECH BOOK. II. 241

lock seed ; worm meal in ale ; give him that to drink. Book II.
If a man be badly wounded, and for pain in the breast; Ch- xxxlv
boil in ale, churmel and dill, Again, take green rue, a
little at a time, or in honey. If a man be over much
blown out, mingle with the white of an egg sea
periwinkles, burnt and rubbed up, smear therewith.
For hicket or hiccup of the wamb : throw dwarf
dwostle into boiling water, let it soak therein long,
till a man may drink the water. For worms of the
wamb ; take the mickle sinful or sedum, wring out
the juice, four little bowls full, in one bowl full of
wine, as mickle as the others ; that is good for worms
of wamb.

XXXV.

Of the wambs of children, and of overfilling, and if
their meat do not well digest, and if sweat come from
them, and stink foully. When a man understandeth
that, then shall not a single meat be offered them, but
various ones, that the newness or novelty of the meats
may be good for them. If one eateth meat over
measure, this case one tendeth the more easily, as one
the sooner bringeth about that he spew, and be empty;
if one tendeth him when troubled with the evil
humour arising from overeating, then come on him
various diseases, breast pain, neck disease, disease in
the jowl, scurf of the head, purulence in the neck,
churnels not easy to cure, and the like of those. If
for these they may not sleep, then shall one give them
hot water to drink, it will still the scour within, and
will cleanse the wamb. Let them employ the bath
moderately, and take meat and take drink mingled
with water.

vol. If. Q

242

L.ECE BOC.

.XXXVI.1

Be milte psejice ^ f he bift on j?sene pmeftpan
fiban <j tacn j?aene able hu hipleafe hie beoft «j bolh
unea^lacno • J?a men beoS msejpe <j unpote • blaee on
onfyne J?eah J?e hie sen psetfce psepon • *j beo3 hibep-
peapbe • <j pamb "unjepealben *j uny)?e micje bip» hal •
ac hio bi}? fpeajifcpe <j gpenpe • <j blacne Jxmne hijie

fol. 91 a. ptiht fie -j pnseptia^ fpij?e beoj? pojvtojene • pp fio abl

bij? to lanjSum • becymej? J?onne on psetep bollan ne
mgej hme mon J?onne gelacnian tunje tm^epealben -j
unfme}?e <j J?a bolh beoj? uneaolacnu J>a J?e on lichoman
beoft <j hie beo^S on J?a pmfupan fiban mib ece jefpen-
cebe <j on Sone lift J?8epa eaxla betpeox gefculbpum bij>
micel ece «j on pam gehpeoppe J?ana bana on J?am
fpeonan habbaS eac linehte pet cneop Tpucia^. ftu pe
milte br3 emlang y gaabentenje J?8ejie pambe hsepS
J?ynne pilmene fio hsapft pgette ^ )ncce sebpta • *j pio
pilmen bij? peccenbe «j ppeonbe J?a pambe <j J?a mno-
papan 2 <j J?a pyjun<5 • <j lp aj?eneb on J?one pinefcjian
nepefeoj?an *j lp mib fmehtum limum gehaspb • -j ip on
ofrpe healpe bpab jehjnneS J?a3jie fiban • on o*3pe tj*
Sam mnoSe gefcang. be hleahtpe }>e op milte cymS
fume fecja]? f fe milte Sam fmum ]?eopije «j ]?te pe
milte on fumum baelum J?am monnum abeabige o)?J?e

fol, 91 b. 6p fie • *j ^ hi ponton hlyhhan msegen. SoJ^lice on J?a

llcan pifan J?e o]?ep limo }>popia$ untjiumneppa pe milte
]?popa$ on J?a llcan pifan. Op cele3 nnjemethcum op
ha3to *j op bpigneppe op micelpe ypelpe psetan popJ?on
pix)? pe milte opep jefceap <j pona^ *j heajiba^ <j fpiJ?oft op
cele 'j op ungemetlicpe psetan • ]?onne cumaS J?a optofu

1 This chapter, and many more that
follow, seem to he from Philagrios,
as preserved in Trallianus. But such
symptoms as "tongue uncontrolled,"
and " muscular feet," are not to
be found in the Greek, as printed.

2 The letter or letters between
inn and jajtan have been cut off
from the margin of the MS.

3 The words of Philagrios, in
Alex. Trail., book viii., chap. x.

LEECH BOOK. II. 243

Book II.
XXXV1- Ch. xxxvi.

Of milt wark, or acute "pain in the spleen, and
that the milt is on the left side, and tokens of the
disease, how colourless the patients are, and there are
wounds not easy of cure. The men are meagre and
uncomfortable, pale of aspect, though ere this they
were fat, and still are constitutionally disposed that
way ; and the wamb is not under control, and scarcely
can it be that the mie is healthy, but rather it will
be swartish and greenish, and blacker than its right is
to be, and the breathing is very hard drawn. If the
disease is too longsome, then it turneth to dropsy, one
may not then cure it; the tongue is uncontrolled and
unsmooth, and the wounds which are upon the body
are not easy of cure, and they are on the left side
afflicted with ache, and in the joining of the shoulders,
betwixt the shoulder blades, there is mickle ache, and
in the turning about of the bones of the neck ; they
have also brawny feet, their knees fail them. We
tell how the milt is alongside and adjacent to the
wamb, it hath a thin film, which hath fat and thick
veins, and the film covereth and embraceth the wamb
and the inwards, and warmeth them ; and it is ex-
tended on the left part of the lower abdomen, and it
is held by sinewy attachments, and it is in the one
quarter broad ; it toucheth the side, on the other it
is in contact with the viscera. Of the laughter which
cometh from the spleen. Some say that the milt is the
servant of the sinews, and that the milt in some parts
is dead in men, or is wholly absent, and that for this
reason they are able to laugh. In fact, in the same
wise that other limbs suffer inconveniences, the milt
in the same wise suffers. We treat also of immoderate
cold, of heat, of dryness, of mickle evil wet, since the
milt waxeth unnaturally, and diminishes, and harden-
eth, and mostly of cold and immoderate wet ; further,

Q 2

244 L^ECE BOC.

op mettum -j op cealbum bjimcan fpa fpa pmbon cealbc
ofcpan *j sepia *j mipSenlice pypta fpifoft on fumepa
J?onne ]?a mon Jn^B. bse]? him ejle^ fpiSoft septep
mete <j hserneb Jung on opeppyllo. Sio ungemetlice
hseto ]?8ep miltep cymft op pepepablum <j op pepepef *
fpolle <j on ylbo * pop blobe • bi5 abeneb pe milte -j
ajmnben mib jefpelle ^ eac hat; lypt <j fpolja bjunjaS
able on 'Sam milte • ]?onne pe mon pyp^S to fpi]?e pop-
ha3t, Spa bio* eac on pmtpa pop cyle *j pop. )>apa
pebpa2 mipfenlicneppe f fe milte pyp$ jelepeb. |)
majon pife men onptan hpanan pio abl cnme be mif-
fol. 02 a. gepibepum -j op metta *j op bpmcena Jnjmge <j jmph
J?ap J^ing J?a ypelan paatan -j pmbigo Jnng beo)? acenneb
on J?am milte *j abla peaxaj? :-

.XXXVII.3

JOv mon pcyle J?one monnan mnan *j utan lacnian
mib hatum *j cealbum mnan mib lactucan • «j clatan •
•j cucujibitan bpmce on pme • ba]?ige lime on fpetum
pa3tpe. Utan he lp to lacnianne mib gepofobe ele «j
to fmippanne • «j onlegena gepophte op pme -j pmbep-
jum H opt op butpan • *j op nipum peaxe ^ op ypopo •
*j op ele onlejen gepopht ; OQen^ pij? gope fmepu oSSe
fpmep pyple <j yti& pecelp • «j mmtan • *j ]?onne4 he hine
baj?r$e fmipe mib ele menj pr<$ cpoh. COettaf him beo$
nytte }>a \e 50b blob pypceaS fpa fpa fmt pcilpixap
pmihte *j ham 5 pilba hsenna *j ealle J?a pujelaf ]?e on

1 The Saxon has misread his text.

2 pebna., MS., with full stop.

3 The words of Philagrios, as
before.

4 bon, MS.

5 Insert 7.

LEECH BOOK. II. 245

these most often come of meats and of cold drinks, Book II.
such as are cold oysters, and apples, and various worts,
chiefly in summer, when one partaketh of such. Bath-
ing is harmful to them who are selenitic, chiefly after
meat, and copulation following on surfeit. The un-
measured heat of the milt cometh from fevers and
from the swealing or burning of fever, and in old age
from corruption of the blood. The milt is extended
and distended with swelling, and also hot air aud hot
weather bring disease upon the milt ; when the man
becometh too much heated. So it is also in winter,
for the cold and for the variableness of the weather,
that the milt becometh corrupted. We next treat that
wise men may understand whence the disease cometh
by bad weather, and from partaking of unholesome
meats and drinks, and through these things the evil
humours and windy things are produced in the milt,
and diseases wax therein.

XXXVll.

We now explain how one must apply leechdoms to
the man, within and without, with hot and cold treat-
ments; within, with lettuce, and clote, and gourd; let
him drink them in wine ; let him also bathe himself
in sweet water. Without, he is to be leeched and
smeared with oil of roses, and with onlayings or
poultices made of wine and grapes, and often must
an onlay be wrought of butter, and of new wax,
and of hyssop, and of oil ; mingle with goose grease or
lard of sw;ne, and with frankincense, and mint ; and
when he bathes let him smear himself witli oil ; minoie
it with saffron. Meats which work out good blood are
beneficial for him ; such as are shell fishes,1 and those
that have fins,1 and domestic and wild hens,2 and all

1 Not in the Greek. j - Wild hens are pheasants.

246

LMCE BOC.

bunum libbao" • *j pipionef f beo$ culppena bjnbbaf <j
healpealb fpm • «j jate jzlsep c «j pyfena p eap mib hunige •
hpset hpega gepipepob • -j eal Sap pastan Jjing bpeof-
tum -j mnojmm ne bugon ne f -pin lp to J?ic;$enne fte
heetej? <j psete]? J?one Inno]?.

fol. 92 b.

.XXXVIII.1

J3u man pceal J>a paetan *j ]?a ponpceajztan utan lac-
man mib appum pealpum. Pic *j hlutop eceb ^ gepo-
fobne ele meng tofomne lege utan on. pij? J?am psetan
yple ]?a3p miltep • mm pynbpij pealt o&>e yrS peaxhlap
fealpe jemenj • *j jepepmeb *j on blsebpan gebon f
lacnaS J?one milte. 6pt mm pealt *j peax <j eceb menj
to^sebpe J> beah • Nim ept pipleapan 2 pypttpuman • *j
bpige pegbpaaban *j gebsepneb fealt ealpa empela pefe
mib ecebe *j gefomna bo bpige pic to • "j peax • y ele
meng eal tojsebepe bo on • Ne biS J> an J> f kpije J>a
psetan ac J?a aheapboban fpilaf J>a Se cumaS op J?iccum
ptetum plipegpum bet *j ]?pa3n$. fij? plipegpum psetum
J;gep miltep • Nim acoppenep pealtep 3 f psetep J>e ]?a3p
op gaej> meng pr<5 ]?a sep gemengneban4 }>ing.

fol. 93 a.

.XXXVIIIL*

y\]> pmbigpe a]?unbeneppe J?8ep miltef pop seppla • *j
hnuta *j pyfena sete * pop *j fmaatyeapme • pambe <j
mnepopan • *j magan ]?a geonb blapaS. J)i]> ]?on beah
pipop «j cymen • *j hunig • *j fealt menge togasbepe.

1 Philagrios, as before.

2 Abridged from Philagrios ap.
Alexandr. Trallian., p. 477, ed.
Basil.

3 This is perhaps aAt)? nal a<ppos
a\6s, as above.

4 Bead senemneban.

5 An adaptation from Philagrios
in Trallianus, lib. viii., cap. 11, p.
479, ed. Basil.

Ch. xxxvii.

LEECH BOOK. II. 247

the fowls which live on downs, and pigeons, that is, ^ Book II
the young chicks of culvers, and half grown swine and
goats flesh, and juice of peas with honey, somewhat
peppered : and all moist things are not beneficial to
the breast and the inwards, nor is such wine to be
taken as heateth and moisteneth the inwards.

xxxviii

Here we explain, how one must treat the humours
and the meagreness, on the outside, with sharp salves.
Mingle together pitch, and clear vinegar, and oil of
roses ; lay on the outside. For the evil humours of
the milt; take salt separately, or mingle it with a
wax cake salve, or cerote, warmed and put upon some
bladder ; that healeth the milt. Again, take salt, and
wax, and vinegar, mingle together, that is of benefit.
Again, take a cinqfoil root, and dry waybroad, and
burnt salt, of all equal quantities ; soak them in vinegar,
and collect them ; add dry pitch, and wax, and oil ;
mingle all together and apply. Not merely doth
that remedy dry the humours, but it bettereth and
softeneth the hardened swellings,1 which come of
thick slimy wets or crass viscid humours. For viscid
humours of the milt, take the water of carved salt, or
rock salt, that namely which passeth from it, mingle
with the things before named.

xxxix.

For a windy distention of the milt from eating of
apples, and of nuts, and of peas; they produce infla-
tion through the long gut, and small guts, the wamb,
and the inwards, and the maw; for that is useful
pepper and cummin and salt, mingle them together.

Scirrhous.

248 LMOE BOC.

Pip fojopan *j peaban1 *j geohfan pe op milte cymS •
gitte hatte fupepne pypt fio lp gob on hlape to pic-
Tenne *j mepcep fseb *j cellenbpan »2 *j peteppihan on
hlap becneben oppe on pm gejniben • *j eac f beah pip
ablapunje peep miltep • gip ponne fio apmbung peep
pmbef femnmja cym8 ponne ne maxon paf pmg hel-
pan • pop pon oe f pile penban on pastep bollan «8 Jip
mon to pam pa pypmenban ping be]? ponne yep mon pa
able.4 pip milte feocum men htm mon pceal pellan
eceb on pam fupepnan lascebome pe hatte oxumelle pe
pe ppiton pip paspe healpbeaban able «j blaebpan able •
Ntm laupep pmbe • *j bpige mmtan *j pipop *j puban
fasb '5 coft • *j hunan • *j centaupian • ^ if hypbepypfc
oope naman eoppgealla fpipufc psepe peap • bo pap
pypta on pone sep nemban lascebom on f pop pu
meaht gefeon a3t pam sep jenemban ablum hu pu Sone
fol. 93 b. oxumelle pypcean pcealt.6 Alepep7 pmbe feop on

paetpe op f peep psetpep fie ppibban bsel unbepelleb • <j
pele ponne psep gobne ceac pulne to bpmcanne on
pjiy fipap laat fimle bgegpepne betpeonum. btp lice
beah lenbenpeocum men • ept pasf blacan lpigep 8 cpop-
pan sep eft • ppeo • ept .v. ponne .VII. ponne mjon •
ponne . XI. ponne . Xlil. ponne . XV. ponne feopantyne •
ponne nijantyne • ponne .xxi. fele fpa septep bajum
bpmcan on pme. Tip fe man hsebbe eac pepep pele pu
pa cypnlu psep eoppipijep on hatum pastpe bpmcan •
pip lice beah pip lenbenpeocum men. 6pt eopogeallan
on pme gefobenne pele bpmcan. 6pt betomcan9 pyl
on pine pele bpmcan. Sealp «j onlezen pio* milte psepce

1 K\v8ioms, wavy movements, much
the same as 0opfi6pvy/j.a.

2 aviffov, Al. Trail., p. 480.

3 Ta5e yap irpucri)Kei, ei 6 vdephs

7reu/ce'5aj/oj/ : rue seed is irrjydyov
aypiov cnrepfj.a.

6 So far from Alex. Trallianus or
Philagrios.

ovk avTtKa ivQevSe rvyxav^i el 5e 7 See Marcellus, col. 149 d. : cy-

i^ai<pvf]s yeyiu7]rai, rdre ovSauoos
Tavra aufMpepti.

4 From Alex. Trail., viii. 1 1, p. 481.

5 Many words are omitted, as

penis for alnus.

s Marcellus, col. 341), a.
u Marcellus, col. 348, h.

LEECH BOOK. II. 249

For ill juices and wavy movements and yoxing, or hie- Book II.
heting, which cometh from the spleen. A southern wort
liight gith, which is good to eat on bread, and seed of
marche and of coriander and of parsley kneaded up
into bread or rubbed fine into wine : and also that is
beneficial for inflation of the milt. If however the
distention from the wind cometh suddenly, then these
things cannot help, since that will turn into dropsy.
If one applieth the warming leechdoms to that, then
one eketh or augmenteth the disease. For a miltsick
man, one must give him vinegar in the southern leech-
dom which liight oxymel, which we wrote of1 against
the half dead disease and disease of the bladder. Take
rind of laurel, and dry mint, and pepper, and seed of
rue, costmary, and horehound, and centaury, that is
herdwort, or by another name, earthgall, chiefly the
juice of it, add these worts to the before named leech-
dom into the ooze. Thou mayest see where we have
spoken of the before named diseases, how thou shalt
prepare the oxymel. Seethe in water rind of alder until
there be of the water a third part unboiled away, and
then give a good jug full of it to be drunk at three
times ; leave always a days space between the doses.
This same is beneficial for a loinsick man. Ao-ain, of
the black ivy, first three berry bunches, next iive, then
seven, then nine, then eleven, then thirteen, then fif-
teen, then seventeen, then nineteen, then twenty-one,
give them so, according to the days, to be drunk in
wine. If the man have fever also, give thou him the
little grains of the ground ivy in hot water to drink.
This same is good for a loinsick man. Again, give
him to drink earthgall sodden in wine. Again, boil
betony in wine, give him that to drink. A salve and
a plaster for milt pain, work it up of honey and of

1 As follows : II. lix.

250

L^ECE BOC.

pypc op huni^e *j op ecebe bumelu1 *j lmpasb to *j bepei*
jpyfcta mepcep fseb lege on *j fmine mib J?yp. bo eac
bpijep pepmobep bloftman to.

.XL.8

6ft J?onne ye milte ablapen pyp$ ibna he pile aheap-
bian 'j bi]? j?onne unea]?la3cne • J?onne f blob aheapbaS
on )?am sebpum J?3ep miltep • lacna hme ]?onne roib
fol. 94 a. ]?am gep genemban pyptum • menj J?a joban pypta

pift oxumelli J?one fu]?epnan eceb bpenc • Se pe sep
ppiton )?a lacniaS J?one milte *j apej aboS f ]?icce <j
hppige blob • <j ]?a ypelan psetan • nsep Jmph Sa mic-
gean ane ac eac Jmph o]?epne ufc^ang. JDipbepypt feo
lasppe leje gebeatene utan • Nim .eac claeppan pypt-
tpuman bo on eceb -j gate typblu3 pypc J?onne to pealpe
•j bepen melo bo j?septo • pele him J?ip eac on pine
bpmcan.

fol. 04 b.

.XLI.*

yi]> }>a3pe heapbneppe *j pape J?sep miltep • fpmep
bleebpan mm fpa nipe gepyl mib fceappe ecebe alege opep
$a heapbneppe J?a3p miltep befpej?e )?onne f hio apej ne
ghbe • ac yj )?peo mht jpsepon psefte jebunben • asptep
];on onbmb • J?onne pmbept J?u gip hit tela biS J?a
blsebpan gelsepe *j ]5 heapbe tohnepceb «j J> pap gefcilleb.
6pt jeriim lpiep leap feoS on ecebe *j opeppylle on
j?am pelpan ecebe fipe]?an • bo J?onne on blsebpan bmb
on f pap • pele ]?onne septep pyptbpenc fona ]?up je-
pophtne ; J?iJ> heapbneppe miltep • genim eop^jeallan
gebeat ot>J?e gegnib to bufre fpa fpa j?peo cuclep maal
fien 0(5o"e ma. bo fapman buftep to cuclep ingel J?peo •

1 Read bo melu.

2 Alexander Trallianus, bookviii.,
chap, xii., p. 481, ed. Basil.

:i Alex. Trail., p. 500, line 8,
ed. Basil; from Galenos.

4 The next chapter of Alex. Tr.
is on the same subject ; but the
receipts are not his.

LEECH BOOK. II. 251

vinegar, add meal and linseed, and barley groats, and Book II.
seed of marche ; lay on and smear with this. Add c ' xxxlx-
also blossoms of dry wormwood.

xl.

Again, when the milt becometh upblown, soon it will
harden, and then it is not easy to cure, when the
blood hardeneth on the veins of the milt: then treat
it with the before named worts, mingle the good worts
with oxymel, the southern acid drink, which we before
wrote of, they will cure the milt and will do away
the thick and livery1 blood, and the evil humours,
not by the mie only, but also by the other evacua-
tion 'passage or outgang. Lay on externally the
lesser herdwort beaten up. Take also roots of clover,
put them in vinegar, and goat treadles, then work them
to a salve, and add thereto barley meal ; give the man
also this in wine to drink.

xli.

For the hardness and sore of the milt; take a
swines bladder so new, fill it with sharp vinegar, lay
it over the hardness of the milt, then swathe up,
that it may not glide away, but may be thereon,
fast bounden, for three nights. After that unbind ;
then thou wilt find, if it be good, the bladder clear,
and the hard part made nesh, and the soreness stilled.
Agaiu, take leaves of ivy, seethe them in vinegar, and
boil in the same vinegar some bran, then put this into
a bladder, and bind upon the sore; then soon after
give a wort drink thus wrought : for hardness of the
milt ; take earthgalls, beat or rub them to dust, so that
there may be three or more spoon measures, add three
spoon measures of dust of savine thereto, and three

1 Such as flows through the liver.

252 LMCE BOC.

*j peallenbep picep buftep ]?peo cuclep msel • apipte eall
pele ]?onne on pine neahtneptijum to bpincanne cuclep
pulne • jip be fie eac on peppe pele him on hatum
psefcpe jeplecebum ]?a pypta bpincan )?y lsep f pic op-
fuanbe mib J?y o]?pe bufte. 6pt to milte feocum men
*j pi]? eallum mablum • eceb pi]? jlsebenan jemenjeb
pypc ]?up jlaabenan pimbe lytelpa gebo ]?peo punb on
glaep pset pel micel • gebo J?onne ]?aep pceappeptan pmep
to .v. peptpap apete J?onne on hate Sunnan on fumepa
Jonne j?a hatoftan pebep fynb • ^ ]?a pcipan bajaf
Lpitan J?e pe geppitene habba^ • J> hit fipige *j pocije
.1111. bagaf o]?]?e ma • pi]?]?an J?sef ecebep pele ]?u milte
feocum men cucleji pulne «j fona jip htm septep ]?am
bjuncan • po*^ J?on ]?e f lp fpi]?e fcpanj J?am J?e J> napa
asp pijbe. bonne beah J?lp pi]? hunige geyceb je prS
fol. 95 a. milte able • ge pi]? majan • ge prS hpean je pi]? ]?on ]?e

mon blobe fpipe* ge pi]? eallum innan ablum* eac ]?6n*
juep]?o *j Jicpa fon apeg be]?. bep lascebom beah ge
pi]? hpiep^o *j pc]?an» pypc op ecebe peaxpealpe* gemm
Jjsep ecebep .V. cucleji masl bo on nipne cpoccan bo
elep bollan pulne to feoS aetfomne fceab nipep fpeplep
pip cuclep msel • *j lytel peaxep opep ]?ylle ept o]? f
]?a3t eceb fie poppeallen • bo ]?onne op pype *j hpepe *j
pi]?]?an fmipe mib ]?y ]?a hpiepj?o *j ]?one gicSan.

.XLII.

2"ip omihte blob y ypel paste on ]?am milte fie J?m-
benbe Jponne pceal him mon blob ]?up lastan. Gip ]?e
]?mce ^ ]?u o]?epne mapan lsecebom bon ne buppe • pop

1 Read J?on, that is, )>onne.

LEECH BOOK. 11.

253

spoon measures of the dust of u boiling pitch ;" l sift all
this, then give a spoon full in wine to the man after his
nights fast to drink : if he be also in a fever, give
him the worts to drink in "hot" water made "luke-
warm," lest the pitch form a concrete with the other
dust. Again, for a miltsick man, and for all inward
disorders ; vinegar mingled with gladden ; work it thus :
put three pound of little bits of rind of gladden in a
good sized glass vessel, then add thereto of the sharpest
wine, five sextarii, then set this in the hot sun, in sum-
mer, when the hottest seasons are, and the clear white
days of which we have written, that it may macerate
and soak for four days and more ; afterwards give thou
to the sick man of the vinegar a spoon full, and after
the dose soon, give him something to drink, since that
is very strong for him who never before tasted it. Fur-
ther, this eked out with honey is of benefit, either for
milt disease, or for maw disease, or for rawness,2 or in
case a man spew blood, or for all inward diseases : it also
further soon doth away roughness of shin, and itch.
This leechdom is good either for roughness or itch :
work of vinegar a wax salve, or cerote ; take five spoon
measures of the vinegar, put it into a new crock, add
a bowl full of oil, seethe together, shed therein five
spoon measures of new brimstone, and a little wax,
boil it strongly "again," till the vinegar is boiled
off, then remove from the fire, and shake, and after-
wards smear therewith the roughness and the itch.

Book IT.
Ch. xli.

xlii.

If inflamed blood and evil humour be in the milt,
distending it, then shall the sicJc be thus let blood.
If it seem to thee, that thou dare not to do another

1 Our Saxon has made some mis-
take : the receipt is similar to one
given by Marcellus, col. 348, r..,

where we read " ex picato mero vel
" nigro tepefacto."
2 Probably cruditas, indujestimt.

254

LiECE BOC.

fol. 95 b.

unmihte J?sep mannep oSSe pop unmeltunge oj?J?e pop
ylbe • oJ>]?e pop pojo^Se • oppe pop unjepibepum • o]?)?e
pop utpihtan • gebib J?onne 0)7 f J?u mseje • oft^e 1
byjxjie • gip hseto o)?J?e meht ne pypne lset him blob
on |?am pmeftpan eapme op J?fepe upeppan sebpe • jip
J?u fa pmban ne msexe lset op J?sepe mibmeptan sebpe •
jip ]?u ]?a pmban ne mseje lset op paepe heapob gebpe.
J>onne jip mon pa pmban ne msege laet op psepe pme-
fcpan hanba neah J?am lytlan pmgpe op sebpe • Tip hit
fprSe peab fie o]?J?e pon J?onne bi5 hit J?y |?e fpi]?op to
lsetanne • gip hit clsene o]?j?e hluttop fie Iset J?y J?e
lsefpe. Jp hpae]?epe fpa to lsetanne fpa ^ liphce msegen
ne afppmje.

.XLIII.

fol. 96 a.

hup 2 him mon pceal J?up mettap fellan on J?sepe
able jefeape pyfan <j hlap on hatum psetepe *j oxu-
melle J?e pe ppiton sep bepopan pi]? blsebpan able fu-
J?epne eceb bpenc • mepce on psetpe gefoben «j fpilca
pypta *j mijole bpmcan *j )?ynne pin him lp to pel-
lanne pel fcip f bet f msejen }>sep miltep 'j pcellihte
pifcaf him fmt to J>icjenne • <j pujlaf ]?a J?e on pen-
num ne fien. bip him if to popxanne • ne Jacgen hie
pen pixaf • ne fse pixaf ]?a J?e habbaft heapb plsepc • *j
picgen hie J?a sep genemban mettaf • ofcpan • *j pme-
pmclan-3 ne J?a mettaf fa J?e ablapan monnan mse^en*
ne hpi]?epep plsepe • ne fpmep ne fceapep ne Jncgean
hie • ne gate • ne ticcenep • ne bpmee4 piece ptn • ne
mete ne to fprSe hatne • ne eac to cealbne. 6pt5

1 o««, MS.

2 pir, MS. With the text compare,
E/cc^Aucra 5e irdura ra y\io*xpovs Kal
Trax^sxvH-ovs yevpu>VTa, ucravrccs [Se]
ical ra Kp4a [to] fiScia, x°(p€ia> ^P0'
Gareia, aiyeia Kal ip'upeia, Kal ru>v
upviOuv T-a iv KifivdoSecriu vScutl 8iaiT(ti-
fieva, Kal tup IxOvwv trdvras iXetioSeis
Kal TT€\ayiovs, tf\A«s re [feat] robs

ffK\if]pa? Kal iraxeis. Opp. Alex.
Tralliani, p. 496, ed. Basil.

3 p not p ; see note, p. 240.

4 bpmcan would be better.

5 Kal avr'iKa Kar apxvu r°v rfpos
alpa ttoKv e/c rod apiffrepov ayKuvos
atyripow. Opp. Alex. Tralliani,
p. 427, ed. Basil.

LEECH BOOK. II. 255

greater leechdom, for the want of might in the man, Book II.

or for want of digestion, or for old age, or for youth,

or for bad weather, or for diarrhoea, then wait till that

thou may so do or dare. If heat, or his capacity to

bear it, forbid it not, let him blood from the left arm

from the upper vein ; if thou canst not find that, let

him blood from the midmost vein ; if thou canst not

find that, let him blood from the head vein. Further,

if that cannot be found, let him blood from the left

hand, near the little finger, from a vein. If the blood

be very red or livid, then must it be let flow more

plentifully ; if it be clean or clear, let it flow so much

the less. Blood however is so to be taken from the

man as that his vital power may not be unsettled.

xliii.

Thus shall the sick mens diet be administered in
that disease ; juicy peas, and bread in hot water, and
oxymel, of which we wrote before, when speaking of
bladder disease, the southern acid drink ; marche also
sodden in water, and such worts and diuretic drinks,
and thin wine must be given them, and sheer or clear;
that will better the power of the milt ; and shell
fishes are to be taken, and fowls, those, namely, which
are not dwellers in fens. This that followeth is to
be foregone ; let them not partake of fen fishes, nor
sea fishes which have hard flesh, and let them take
the before named meats, oysters and periwinkles, not
the meats which puff up a mans strength, nor let
them take flesh of bullock, nor of swine, nor of
sheep, nor of goat, nor of kid, nor let them
drink thick wine, nor food either too extremely hot

256 LiECE Boa

blob biS 50b to lretanne on popan lenctene op ]iam
pmftpan eajime.

.XLIIII.

Gpt lsecebom pe f ypel ut tih$ op ]?am milte *j pe
beah to manegum o]?pum ablum • jemm gpene puban
ane baaje a?p gepomna *j mebmicel pipopep • o]?ep fpilc
cymenep ooSe ma • bo f cymen ane bsege sep o'S'Se
tpam o]?]?e ]?pim on eceb abpige *j agnib to bufue ealle
\H Pyjlt;a • nienje yrS hunig afipen • jebo J?onne on
glsepene ampullan «j pele ]?onne cuclep pulne pep beali
pi]? majan ablapunge *j mno]?a • hnepce]? J?a pambe •
J?ynna3 J?a oman bitpe hpsecetunje apej be]? <j bpeofu
co]?e • -j pib pa3pce • *j lipep able • *j lenben pa3pce • «j
milte psepce eal ty liht.

.XLV.

Lrecebomap *j fpiS bpenc pi]? afpollenum mike • acele
fol. 96 b. -(Su pealhat ipen ]?onne hit pup]?um fie op pype atogen*

on pine o]?]?e on ecebe pele J> bpmcan f ]?u meant eac
pellan ]?am ]?e habba]? lieapbne liclioman • ne pceal
mon hpsej?epe J?tpne bpmcan pellan on popepeapbne
}?one ece «j )?a able ac ymb pela nilita.

. XLVI.2

]Den fmbon lrecebomap pi}? a35hpa3]?eppe fiban pape *j
tacn hu fio abl topeapb fie • -j hu f mon ongitan
msege • «j hu lnopa3 mon tilian pcyle • ]?ap laecebomaf
pceal mon bon pi]? fiban pape • «j ]?ip fmbon ]?a3pe able

1 Kcu jJL^iV icul (Troixwfxarus Ae7rls,
%v ZicfTivo iv xaA.Kei'o(S irvpovfxevuv re
Kat acpvpa KoirrojAevov airojSaAAez, aw
vZari aua/xe/xiyiuLfUTf] iv iror£> avtu(pcp€i.
Opp. Alex. Trail., lib. viii., 13,

2 Alexandros of Tralles, lib. vi.
chap. 1, treats of the diagnosis be-
tween pleurisy and disease of the
liver.

3 This plural may refer to the tacn

p. 500, ed. Basil. 1 or the sihan.

LEECH BOOK. II. 257

or too cold. Again, it is good to let blood in early Book II.
lent or spring from the left arm. Ch- xllli'

xliv.

Again, a leechdom which draweth out the evil from
the milt, and which is efficacious for many other dis-
orders. Take green rue one day before it is used,
collect it and a moderate quantity of pepper, so much
also of cummin, or more, put the cummin one day
beforehand, or two or three, into vinegar, dry it and
rub to dust all the worts, mingle this with honey
strained, then put them into a glass pitcher, and so
give the man a spoon full. This is good against up-
blowing of the maw and of the inwards ; it maketh
nesh the wamb ; it thinneth the corrupt gastric juices,
it doth away breakings, and breast disease, and side
pain, and liver disorder, and loin pain, and milt pain :
all that it lighteneth.

xlv.

Leechdoms and strong drink for a swollen milt ; cool
thou a fiercely hot iron, when it is just withdrawn from
the fire, in wine or in vinegar, give the man that to
drink. Thou may est also give that to them who have
a hard body : notwithstanding, this drink shall not
be given in the early stage of the ache and the disease,
but after many days.

xlvi.

Here are leechdoms for sore of either side, and tokens
how the disease approaches, and how a man may under-
stand that, and how a man shall treat it. These leech-
doms shall be done for sore of side, and these are the

vol. II. R

258

LMCK BOC.

tacn1 jelic lunjen able tacnum *j hpep paepcep tac-
num. ba men beo]? mib hjujnnpim fpi]?e ftpanjum
psecebe • *j micel fap on bam fibum. IDpilum cnyppep
f pap on ]?a pb • hpilum opep ealle fiban bij? f pan •
hpilum becynrS on pa peopoban <j ept ymb lytel ge
pa gefculbpu je eft; pone nepefeopan J> pap 5pefc • *j
hpopaft 2 gelome • hpilum blobe hpsecap • pmjale psec-
cean ppopiao" • tunge bi$ bpige • ne majon jelicjean
on paepe pmeftpan fiban • glp on psepe fpiSjian f> pan

fol. 97 a. ^iS • ne roajon e**c ep t on pa fpiopan • jip on pa pin-

ftpan p pap bip • gepelaft J> pa mnopap hi penbap mib
hiopia hepigneppe ■j on pa piban peallaS pe he on lie-
jeaS • sep psepe able pap tacn beop • bip eac jeonb
pngpap 3 cele *j cneopa unmeht eajan pieabia'S peob 4 *j
beop heop <j pamij ut^anj micje ageolpob <j lytel bip
psep mnopep meltung *j 5 ?ebpa clseppetunj • epung biS
paplic jehnyeneb neb *j papa bpeofua bip beapig psetunj
fpa fpa fie jefpat • mobep elhyjb ceolan hjuftung -j
hpeoung • hlybenbe fpipuft mnan pifrlaft op pam brele
pe J> pap biS hlmunje -j hligmnge pib* pipeppsec • jip
pap tacn lanje punia^ • ponne bip feo abl to ppecen-
lico *j ne mseg him mon jetihan • ahpa hpgeppe pone
mannan pe pip ppopaft hpsepep. he seppe pa?pe plegen
on pa piban o&$e jeftunjen oppe hprepep he lenje Eep
apeolle o$oe gebpocen pnpbe • gip hit f psepe ponne
biS he py eaftlsecna -6 jip hit bip op cyle cumen oppe op
ypelpe mpsetan hit biS pe uneaplsecpa.7 Jip he ponne

fol. 97 b. ^P ^J1 on psepe hppe oppe on pam lunjenum jefanjob

1 These symptoms are fully stated
in nearly the same words by Are-
tgeos, Acut. I. x. Possibly the
diagnosis and the symptoms were
stated, as they are in the text, by
Philagrios. The Saxon author
mentions mechanical causes for the
sore of the side, as well as nosolo-
gical ; he does not therefore confine
himself to pleurisy.

2 Kead hporcaft.

3 Aretseos accompanies us no fur-
ther.

1 Read i bib heop peob ?
"' JX*apb or some word to express
~2,K\7)p6s is wanting.
G Read ea'oleacnpa.
7 For uneaftleacnpa.

LEECH" BOOK. II. 259

tokens of the disease, like unto the tokens of lung Bookli.
disease, and the tokens of liver pain. The men are Ch- xlvi-
afflicted with very strong fevers, and mickle sore on
both sides. At whiles the sore striketh1 upon the ribs,
at whiles the sore is over all the side; at whiles it
cometh up on the collar bones, and again, after a little,
the sore greeteth either the shoulders or the lower
belly, and they cough frequently, at whiles they hreak
up blood, they suffer a constant wakefulness, the tongue
is dry, they cannot lie on the left side if the sore is
on the right side, nor again can they lie on the right, if
the sore is in the left ; they feel that their viscera by
their weight shift place, and fall upon the side on
which they lie. These tokens are before the disease.
There is also cold all through their fingers, and power-
lessness of their knees, their eyes are red, and red is
their hue, and their discharge 2 is foamy, their mie
is turned yellow,8 and the digestion of the inwards is
little, and hard the pulsation of the veins, the breath-
ing is sorelike, the face twitched, and there is a dewy
wetting of the breast, as if it sweated, a delirium of
the mind; a spasmodic action, and roughness of the
throat, sounding chiefly from within, whistleth from
the part on which the sore is ; the disease is unfavour-
able to a leaning posture and to laughing. If these
tokens continue long, then is the disease too dangerous,
and one can do nothing for the man : notwithstanding,
ask the man, who endureth this, whether he ever were
stricken or stabbed in the side, or whether he long
before had a fall, or got a breakage ; if it were that,
tli en will he be easier to cure. If it is come of cold
or of inward evil humour, it is so much the harder to
cure. If further the man have been before troubled
with soreness in the liver, or in the lungs, and the

1 NiWei, doubtless.

2 Expectoration ?

Thus the Saxon.

v 9

1 L ,-J

260 LMCE BOC.

*j ]?anan cymeft fio1 pibpa?pc ]?onne bi]? p fpiSe ppecne.
Jip hit on ];am milte bi]; sep p>onne bi]? hit by eab-
lacpe • jip he J?onne hip sep on ]?3epe lun^ene ^epnnbob
•j ]?anan cym6" fe pibpsepc J;onne bi]? f fprSe ppecne •
gip hit on J>am milte bib* sep • ponne cyme" ty pap on
]?a pmfcpan fiban • ge J?a habba'S 2 hepige ppecenneppe •
ahfa lime hpsepeji htm fe milte pan fie oSSe hp?e]?ep
htm fpeopcojm fie • fpa J?u meaht onjitan ]5 J?sepp fiban
pap cymS op ypelpe psetan <j bij) fpiSe ppecne. jip him
fe utjani; popfeten fie o$Se jemijan ne mseje mib
fmebpe onbounje pyptbpencep J?uph hopn ooSe pipan
fio pamb bij> to claenfianne • ppecne biS eac ]>onne
]>a?p peocan mannef hpaca bib" manijep hipep «j bleo :-a

be J?ipum tacnum J?u meaht hpsep fe man to lac-
nianne fie onjitan hpsep ne fie • hpsep mon unfopte
jetilao* on popepeapbe J»a able ]?onne f fap sejiefc
jeftihS on J?a fculbpu «j on ]?a bpeoft. Sona pceal
mon blob op sebpe lsetan. gip f pap jepumge on J;am
bpeoftum annm oJ?]?e on ]?am npepan hpipe o]?]>e on
fol. 98 a. fam mibhpipe • J?onne pceal htm mon pyptbpenc pellan

■j niman fpete psetep mib ele jebon on fpmep bkebpan
•j be]nan p fap mib.

. XLVII.

Lsecebomaf J?a pe |?ynnunje msegen hsebben «j final-
unje • fam lichoman ]?a $a hseto mebmicle oJ>]?e fcpange
bpopian «j hu him mon fcyle fpmef blsebpan onbon.
Jenim hunan *j peax *j ele jemenje o]?J?e jepub to-
joebpe ealpa empela f hit an fie fmipe mib *j bo on
else]? lege on. fij? tape fiban ept jeriim puban leap <j

1 Read fe.

- hab, MS., at the end of a line,
the writer forgetting to complete
the word.

8 In I. xlv. 5, the genitive was
bleor. Bleo, by a zeugma, may be
genitive plural.

LEECH BOOK. II. 261

p

side pain cometh thence, then is that very dangerous ; Book II,
if it has been ere that on the milt, then it is the easier x v1,

to cure. Further, if the man have been before wounded
in the lung, and thence cometh the side pain, then is
that very dangerous. If it have been formerly in the
spleen, then the sore cometh on the left side, yea, those
tokens have heavy mischief; ask him whether the milt
be sore, or whether he hath neck disease. So thou
may est understand that sore of the side cometh from
evil humour and is very mischievous. If his anal dis-
charge be stopped, or if he may not mie, the wainb
must be cleansed by an always easy application of a
wort drink, in this case a clyster, through a horn or
pipe. There is danger also when the sick mans expec-
toration or break is of many a hue and complexion.1
2. By these tokens thou mayest understand in what
case the man is curable, in what case he is not. In
case one treateth a man unsoftly in the early stage
of the disease, then the sore first mounteth into the
shoulders and into the breast. Soon must one let blood
from a vein, if the sore continue on the breast alone,
or in the upper belly, or in the midriff; then must
one give the man a wort drink, and take sweet water
with oil put into a s wines bladder, and warm the sore
therewith.

xlvii.

Leechdoms which have the power of thinning and of
making small, for the bodies which suffer the heat,
either moderate or strong, and how one must apply a
swines bladder to them. Take horehound, and wax,
and oil, mingle or rub together equal quantities of all,
that it, the mixture, may be one ; smear therewith, and
put also on a cloth and apply. For sore of side, again *

1 Tlcvra avairrvcTcu Kexpa;(r/ue'*/a- Alex. Trail.

262 I^ECE BOO.

laupep cpoppan gebeat fmaBle *j feoS on hunije lege
on claft o]?J?e on pel J> hit ealle J?a fiban *j ]5 fan ojzen-
licge leje on <j be]?e mib ]?y ^ beleje septep ]?sepe
bej7inje mib hatte pulle • -j bmb peaxhlap on • jip ]?
pap J?onne ne fie J?e laappe teoh J?onne mib glgepe on
J?a fculbpu • *j fceappa ]?sep hit fap fie fpijmft • *j fcpep
^ blob op fpiSe • -j pp hit j?onne jit fpi]?op pap fie •
ne bo }>u ponne mib fealte ]?a blaabpan on • ac on pope-
peapbe ]?a able j?enben ]p pap leept fie. Ruban jefeoS
on ele oSSe on pme • «j bile fmipe ]?a fiban mib J?y
fol. 98 b. neoblice • ^ be]?e mib hnepcpe pulle ^ mib J?y ele *j

bo ]?onne J?a blsebpan on • bo peapm pealt to bo eac
feopo]?a on pealt pgetep bo on J?a bhobpan alege on f
pap bo J?ip ]?peo niht.

.XL VIII.

!Zip ]?ap pultumaf ne pyn helpe • last ] blob ]?onne
on sebpe op eapme nsep on J?a healpe J?e f pap bij? • *j
J?a pambe man pceal claanpian2 mib fine]?e pyptbpence.
6pt eopopfpmep 3 cpeab f mon pint on puba jemylte
on pa?tpe apeoh bo on hip bpmcan* o]?]?e bpije jemeng
*j gejnib on hif bpmcan J> heel]? paepe piban pap. 6pt
celenbpep4 faeb ^ejnib *j feo]? on hunije oj? f hit Sicce
fie • genim ]??ep J>onne on mop^enne <j on aepenne J?peo
euclep msel pele to jncgenne.

.XLVIIII.

Lsecebomap «j peaxpealp a ^ pceappunga pi]? fiban pape •
•j hpast him fie to ]?icganne. 6ac ]?u pcealt ]?onne ]?u
on ]?am pculbpum tyhfu blob teon fprSe on J?gepe piban

1 Trallianus, p 85, ed. Lutet, re-
commends (pXzfioToixia and the «a-
dapaiv rris KoiAias, after Hippokrates.

'-' clsernian, MS.

3 Marcellus, col. 351, B.

1 Marcellus, col. 351, c.

LEECH BOOK. II. 263

take leaves of rue and bunches of laurel heads, beat Book II.

them small and seethe them in honey, lay on a cloth

or on a skin so that it may overlie all the side and

the sore ; lay on and foment with that mixture, and

cover after the fomenting with hot wool, and bind on a

cake of wax. Then if the sore be not the less, then

draw with a cupping glass on the shoulders, and

scarify where the sore is most, and scrape the blood

off thoroughly ; and if it then be still more sore, do

not thou then apply the bladder with salt, but do this

in the early period of the disease, while the sore is

least. Seethe rue in oil or in wine, and dill ; anoint

the sore with that, of necessity, and foment with nesh

wool and with oil, and then apply the bladder : add

warm salt, put bran also into salt water ; put it on the

bladder: lay it on the sore, do this for three nights.

xlviii.

If these remedies are no help, then let blood on a
vein from the arm, but not on the side on which the
sore is, and the wamb shall be cleansed with a smooth
wort drink. Again, melt in water the dropping of a
boar swine, which one findeth in a wood, strain it, put
it into his drink : or dry it, mingle and rub it into
his drink, that will heal the sore of the side. Again,
rub small some seed of coriander, and seethe it in
honey, till it be thick, then take of that, at morning
and at even, three spoon measures ; give the man this
to swallow.

xlix.

Leechdoms and wax salves and scarifyings for sore
of side, and what the sick are to take for diet. Also
thou shalt when thou drawest blood on the shoulders,
draw it strongly on the side, and for about three days

264 LMCE BOC.

•j ymb .111. mht iceappian *j peax pealpe *j ele on lec-
gean *j pellan bpencaj1 J>a J?u pite ']5 piS j*ib paepce
icylen • gip ]?e pypt bpenc ne limpe pele fupanjne •
fol. 99 a. leohte mettaf j^icje *j jepeap bno]ni ! *j gepeape pypan

*j geplegen aegpu *j bpeab jebpocen on hat psetep2
pinepmclan 3 abon op pcellum mib pypum.

.L.

Gpt pij? piban pane betonican leap jepeoo on ele *j
jebpyte aleje on ]?a piban.

.LI.

Den septep fmt lun^en abla laShcu tacn ^ hpanan
fio cume *j hu mon leecebomaf pi]? ]?oii4 pyjicean pcyle*
bpeoft ablapen «j pap peoh *j lipa • «j him fe maga
micla ]?inbe]? *j ban *j pet: pela fpellenbe ypele ipilap
unpelenbe *j lime bpecej? ]?yppe hpoftan *j htm on ]?am
hpofuan hpilum lopaS fio ftemn. Smipe ]?one mannan
mib ele • *j eac mib nippe pulle be]?e ]?a fiban -j jub •
•j betpeox fculbpum hpene a?p sepenne • lset ]?onne on
pei'an • sepfcep ]?6n leet him blob op J>am halan ha]?oli-
)?an In opne psep him ne ejle pyji • jip ]?u him to pela
leetft ne bi]? him J?onne peopep pen. Pypc him bpip
op pealpynte mopan • *j op plea]?an pypte • -j hunan
fol. 99 b. *j bile pseb peoj? J?ap on butpan pele etan colne on

mopjen *j on mht bjiip hif mete pij? ele -j eal hip
bjimca fie cealb. 0,)ane;z;um men lungen potaS on
bpince «5 he fpiplep bpencef -j pela henne lejpu geplea
on an past fpa hpeap • gej?pepe ]?onne *j Jncje *j ge-
menje asp yi\> pletan *j nan o]?ep molcen ]?icge. Leoht
bjicnc • jertim gajellan pyl on pypte last J?onne hpon

1 Uriaardyrj, Alex. Tr.

2 if/i'x«, crumbs, Alex. Trail., p. 87,
line 15, ed. Lutet.

3 Marccllus, col. 351, l.

4 bon, we expected a feminine.

5 The stop is misplaced thus in
MS.

LEECH BOOK. 11. 205

scarify and lay on cerote and oil, and give such drinks Book II.
as thou knowest arc suitable for side pain. If a mild
wort drink do not suffice, give a strong one. Let the
man take light meats and juicy broths, and juicy peas,
and beaten eggs, and bread broken in hot water, and
periwinkles removed from the shells, with peas.

1.

Again, for sore of side, seethe in oil leaves of betony,
and bruise them, lay them on the side.

li.

1. Hereinafter are set forth the loathly tokens of
lung disease, and whence it cometh, and how one must
work leechdoms against it. The breast is upblown,
and the thigh and muscle is sore, and the mans maw
distendeth much, and his legs and his feet swell much
with evil unfeeling swellings, and a drier cough vexes him,
and in the cough at whiles his voice is gone. Smear
the man with oil, and also warm the sides and the
ribs with new wool, and between the shoulders, a little
before evening, then let the oil remain on him ; and
after that let him blood from the sound elbow " in an
oven, where the fire cannot harm him ; " if thou lettest
him too much blood, there will be no hope of his life.
Work him a brewit from roots of wall wort, and from
Heath wort, and horehound, and dill seed ; seethe these
in butter ; give him this breivit to eat cold in a
morning ; and at night dress his meat with oil, and
let all his drink be cold. In many a man the lung
decayeth. Let him drink some emetic drink, and
beat up many hens eggs into a vessel, all raw, then
let him curdle it and eat it, and previously mingle
with curds, and let him take no other milk diet.
A light drink ; take gagel, or sweet gale, boil it in
wort of beer, then let it stand a little, remove the

266 LiECE BOC.

gefcanban bo op J?a jajellan bo J?onne nipne gift on
beppeoh j?onne f hit ahebbe pell • bo J?onne eolenan •
*j pepmob . *j betomcan • *j mepce • *j antpan to pele
bpmcan.

gepypc beopypt pij? lungen punbe • 'j banpypfc feo
J>e hgebbe cpoppan gecnua ]?a pypta tpa pyl on but-
pan. bjienc pi6 lungen able geriim hmbheolo]?an leap •
*j hinb bepgean • <j gapclipan heopbpemlep 1 leap pyl
on pypte lset bpmcan.

Pi)? lungen able • hinb bepgean leap *j hpeobef ipip
jieabe hopan • bipceoppypt bolhpunan • neptan on clse-
num pjetpe ealle ]?ap py pta pylle <j bpmce. pi]? lungen
able pypc pealpe on butepan -j J?ije on meolcum • mm
bpune pypt meobopypt • bepc pago • nepte • gapclipe.
foi. 100 a. Pi]? lung en able bpune pypt cneopholen • betonica •
pubu mepce fupe • eopop peapn • acumba • gapclipe •
tpegen bpemlap • uouelle • pab • pypc to bpence <j to
pealpe. Jenim eopoppeapn jecnupa *j apylle on butpan
bo )?a pealpe on apyllebe gate meoluc *j Jncge on neaht
neptij • *j on upan mete. bpenc pij? bpigpe lun-
genne • holen pmbe • *j .V. leapan ■ bile • ^ pebic ge-
cnua to bufte • *j op geot mib ealoS pele bpmcan
gelome. 6pt bpenc • mapubian • *j betomcan • mepce
pube • fupapulbpe pmbe • plah ]?opn pmbe bpmce on
ealaS. bpip pi)> lunjen able • ontpan • eolonan • mapu-
bian • penpypt • J?a clipihtan • pube • mepce • pipo^ •
hunig. Pij? bpigpe lungenne • op pealpypte mopan • ^j
op pleopan pypte • hunan • bilep pasb- feo]? on butpan
pele etan colne on mopgenne • ^ on mht • y bpip jhij*
mete pi]? ele. Gpt mm alpep pmbe feof> on psetpe oj?
>$ J?sep psetepef pie J?pibban bael onbepylleb pele ponne

1 heopbjiem bjiemlej*, MS.

LEECH BOOK. II. 267

gagel, then add new yeast, then wrap it up that it Book II
may rise well, then add helenium, and wormwood, and
betony, and marche, and ontre ; give the man this to
drink.

2. Work together beewort, for a lung wound, and that •
bonewort which hath bunches of flowers; pound the
two worts, boil in butter. A drink for lung disease ;
take leaves of hindheal, and hind berries, or raspberries,
and garclife, or agrimony, and leaves of the hip
bramble, or dogrose; boil them in wort of beer; make
the man drink.

3. For lung disease ; leaves of hind berries, or rasp-
berries, a spike of a reed, red hove, bishopwort, dol-
hrune, nepeta ; let the man boil all these worts in clean
water, and drink. For lung disease, work a salve in
butter, and take the same in milk; take brownwort,
meadwort, birch lichen, nepeta, garclife, or agrimony.
For lung disease ; brown wort, knee holly, betony, wild
marche, sorrel, everfern, oakum (ashes), garclife, the
two brambles, .the dogrose and blackberry, wowelle,
woad ; work these into a drink and into a salve. Take
everfern, pound it, boil it in butter, put "the salve"
into boiled goats milk, and let the man take it at
night fasting, and on the top of that his meat. A
drink for a dry lung ; pound to dust rind of holly and
cinqfoil, dill and radish, and pour them all over with
ale ; give the man that to drink frequently. Again,
a drink ; let him drink in ale, marrubium and betony,
marche, rue, rind of crab apple tree, sloe thorn rind.
A brewit for lung disease ; ontre, helenium, marrubium,
wenwort, that namely which is bulbed, rue, marche,
pepper, honey. For a dry lung ; some root of wallwort,
and of fleath wort, horehound, seed of dill ; seethe these
in butter, give the brewit to the man to eat cold, in
the morning and at night, and dress his meat with
oil. Again, take rind of alder, seethe in water till a
third part of the water be boiled away, then give the

268 LMCE BOC.

ctehc pulne to bpmcanne on J?py pipaf • last iimle ba3g-
]?epne betpeonum. pi]? lunjen punbe • y&y blacan
fol. 100 b. ipijep cjioppena *j copna sepefc ]?peo on brej .v. on
mopjene feopan J?y ]?pibban bsege ]?onne nijon • ]?onne
.XL J>onne ]?peottyne • Jxmne plptyne • ]?onne feopon-
t}me • ]?onne nigantyne • ]?onne .XXI. pele fpa reptep
bajum bpmcan on pine. 6pt pi]? lungen punbe beto-
nican pyl on pine pele bjuncan. pij> ]?on llcan geriim
mugcpypt m];epeapbe • *j bpunepypt pyl on butepan.
Pi]? lungen able jentm cpican • *j ac pmbe • *j gapclij: an
gecnupa togasbepe • bepylle ]?onne l ]?pibban ba3l on
hpastene pypte fupe asptep amylte butepan.

6pt jemrn bpune pypt • *j bipceop pypt • pubu mence •
pubu ceppillan • eopop peapn • hmb hiolo]?e • acumba •
attopla]?e • peabe hope • *j msebepe. pi]? lungen able •
bolhpune • *j a3pep)?e nio]x)peapb • <j bpune pypt • <j
jieabe hope • *j peabe netlan apylle on Imnije *j on
cubutejuin pup on meolcum. 6pu jeiiim psebieej*
.III. inseba • *j bpabe leacep jelice *j fpicep .III. bo f
.III. bajaf o]?]?e nigon.

fol. 10 la. -LIL

To ipip bpence .VI. copn alpan . xxx. lybcojina ^
J?a jpeatan pypt nio]x>peapbe • lipeppe liatte bpije ]?a
on iunnan *j ellen pmbe ni]?epeapbe bpige eac -j jetpi-
pula fpi]?e fmsele • bo healpnc bollan ealoo to • *j fpete
unb hunige • bo lipon but e] van • <j pipopep lipon • -j
gehsete ]5 ealu <j bo lipon pealtep to. 6pt pepmob *j
eolonan lscppe last ftanban tpa mht on ealoj? bpince
J?onne. Gpt jlaabene • hope pleot))yjit cnupa on eala]? -j
jefpet bpince j?onne. gip mon hme bpece opep jemet
to fpipanne li)?]?an him fpip bpenc op lie • ^enfm pa3ttep
j:la3pcep pele tpa fuseba. pece bjienc • elene pone laep-

1 Insert oJ>, as emendation.

LEECH BOOK. IT. 'H')9

man a chalice full to drink at three times ; leave Book u.
always a days space between. For lung wound ; of
the berry bunches of the black ivy and of its grains,
at first three a day, five on the morrow, seven the
third day, then nine, then eleven, then thirteen, then
fifteen, then seventeen, then nineteen, then twenty-one ;
give them so, according to the days, to be drunk in
wine. Again, for lung Avound, boil betony in wine,
give it to be drunk. For the same ; take the nether-
ward part of mug wort and brown wort, boil in butter.
For lung disease ; take quitch, and oak rind, and agri-
mony ; pound them together, then boil to the third part
in wheaten wort of beer; sip afterwards some melted
butter.

4. Again, take brownwort, and bishopwort, wild
marche, wood chervil, everfern, hindheal, oakum (ashes),
attorlothe, red hove, and madder. For lung disease ;
dolhrune, and the netherward part of asferth, and brown-
wort, and red hove, and red nettle ; boil them in honey
and in cows butter ; sip this in milk. Again, take
three slices of radish, and the like of broad leek, and
of bacon three : do that for three days or nine.

Hi.

I. For an emetic ; six grains of aloes, thirty of lib-
corns, and the netherward part of great wort, wherwe
it hight, dry it in the sun, and elder rind, the nether-
ward part, dry it also, and triturate it very small, add
half a bowl of ale, and sweeten with honey, add a
little butter, and a little pepper, and heat the ale, and
add a little salt. Again, wormwood, and helenium, but
less of it ; let them stand for two nights in ale, then
let the man drink. Again, gladden, hove, float wort,
pound these in ale, and sweeten it, then let the man
drink. If a man strain himself overmuch to spew, after
a spew driuk is past off from him, take some fat flesh,
give him two slices. A weak emetic drink; helenium.
VOL. II. R 7 ■»-

270 LiECE BOC.

tan bsel J?ungef • cammoc pyl f on eala]? pele f lyt-
lum fupan ]?onne hit col fie oj? f he fpipe. K ij- hope
nij?epeapb befcpepen <j jecnuab • <j ellen pypttpuman
pmbe apsepc J?a clsene <j befcpepene • apenb J?onne op
]?am pypttpuman.- -j gecnua ;$otpo]?an • -j penpynt fio
peaxe]? on ealbum lanbe • jeot ]?onne hlufcfco^ eala to •

fol. 101 b. pylle fpa fpij?pe mebo gtp hebbe bepjieo *j la3t ftan-
ban mhtejme apeoh bollan pulne jefpete ]?onne mib
hunige apeoh }?onne ept • bebmbe ]?onne jenoh peapme •
lsete j?onne ftanban neahtepne. bjunce J?onne on
mopgen ^ lime ppeo peapme <j him plsep beopje fpi]?e
jeopne • lange he ma3j on |?am pyptum ftanban ^
];onne hme mon bpmcan pille onhpepe ept. Pypce
}?onne m J?a3p bollan pulne fpa he aap pojihte • jip he
fie to unfpiS gegnibe he piptig lyb copna gefpete
ponne. Pypce fpiSpan gip he pille • abelpe ]?a gpeatan
pypt afcpep ]?a gpeatan pmbe op jecnupa J?onne fmrele
jeot ]?onne hluttop eala on. Se bpenc bi|? fpa pelpa
fpa ■f ealu pelpe h\\. Spipe bpenc • genim ellenpmbe
ni]?epeanbe • *j hampypte <j hunbteontij lybcopna ge-
cnua fpi]?e pel ealle ]?a pypta bo on ealo menje )?onne •
jenim J>onne pah mela hseplep o]?]?e aljiep apipt J?onne
pul clsene rela micle hanb pille bo on ^emang la?t

fol. 102 a. neahtepne Ibanban ahlyttpa fpi]?e pel • jefpet mib
hunige gebjunc fcenc pulne tela micelne. Jip pe bpenc
nelle op geriim onpeb pelle on ealaft bpmcan fcenc pulne
peapmep pona bij> pel. Pypc fpipbpenc. genim lybcopn
-j pipop copn *j hpit cpuba «j alpan ^pmb to bufce
]?a pypta fpij?e • bo on beop fpa on pm fpa on beojipe

LEECH BOOK. IT. 271

the least bit of thung or aconite, cammock or pence- Book H.
danum; boil that in ale ; when it is cool, give the man Ch' m*
that to sip little by little, till he spew. . . . that
is, hove, the nether part of it scraped and pounded,
and the rind of elder roots ; wash them clean, and have
them scraped, then rend the rind away from the roots,
and pound goutweed, and wenwort, that namely which
waxeth in old land, then pour thereon clear ale, boil
it, or strongish mead if thou have it, wrap it up and
let it stand or the space of a night, strain out a bowl
full, then sweeten with honey, then strain again, then
bind it up warm enough, then let it stand for a nights
space ; then let him drink it the morning, and let him
wrap himself up warm, and let him very earnestly
beware of sleep. Long may the drink stand upon the
worts, and when a man hath a mind to drink it, let
him shake it up again : then let him work thereinto a
bowl full, as he before wrought it ; if it be too weak
let him rub small fifty libcorns,1 and then sweeten it.
Let him work it stronger if he will ; delve up the
great wort, scrape away the great rind, then pound it
small ; then pour clear ale upon it : the drink is the
better according as the ale is better. An emetic ; take
the nether ward part of the rind of elder, and home-
wort, and a hundred libcorns, pound them very well,
put all the worts into ale, then mix; then take fine
meal of the hazel or alder, then sift it full clean,put in
a good large handful amidst the rest, let it stand for
a nights space, clear it very thoroughly, sweeten with
honey, drink a good mickle cup full. If the drink will
not be thrown off, take onrecl, give in ale a cup full of
it warm to the man to drink; soon he will be well.
Work a spew drink thus; take libcorns, and pepper-
corns, and mastich, and aloes, grind the worts to dust
thoroughly, put into beer, or into wine, or into skim

Seeds of Momordica elaterium.

272

LMCE BOO.

meoluc ^ip Jni j?apa obeppa napbep nrebbe • jip ]m on
pme pypce ob]?e on meolce jefpet mib hunige bpmce
rela micelne pcenc pulne.

Spipe bpenc pypc op beope bo cofu to *j alpan -j
lybcopna piptyne bapa obepa jehce.

Spipe bpenc liampypte .III. ihseba • *j ellen pmbe be-
penbe gelice micel .xxv. lybcopna1 ^egnib bo hunijep
fpilce an fnseb fie on ete bonne mib cuclepe on fup
hatep psetepef ooSe cealbep. gtp bpenc op men nelle ■
genim mepce • «j ceppillan feob fpibe on psetpe bo pealr
to bpmce bonne. Jip lime mnan psepce • jeriim nigep
ealaS ambep pulne bo lianb pulle liampypte on • la3t
on hebban bpince oj? •$ bu fpipe • ftmj bonne pebpe
fol. 102 b. on mu'S teoh ba jelleftpan tit bpmc ept Sona:-

Ntm fcamoniam ]3 penij ^epeje «j jejnib lmsele *j
lipep lienne 8ej fpio'e pealt bo J?a pypt on ne laet jeyp-
nan f pej ac pup. Pyptbpenc • fcamoman jeceop ]mp
bpec on tu bo hpon on bine tunjan £ip hto hpite opep-
bpejbeb fpa meluc bonne hio bib 30b ■ jegnib bonne
on tpeopenum pa3te nsep on nanum ojmum mib fciccan
obbe mib hsepfce bo op p mon gegniban ne msege f
bi); jeupnen • bo caulicef on .11. bpopan cffiSe bpy .
obbe eleleapep ftelan jepyl toj-omne • jip lno bib 50b •
bpenc biS on penmje • jtp ma3tpa br$ on oSpum heal-
pum o$8e on tpam aumpebpima3nema3.2 Spipe bpenc «
hopan *j onpeb • *j ellen pmbe jecnua to Somne ellen
laeft • bo bonne to .XXX. pipop copna jefpet mib liunije
pele bpmcan.

1 cybconna, MS.

2 Read anb giv. \ye\ bpim ac ne

ma ? Yet tbe letters of the text
are quite legible and clear.

LEECH EOOK. II. 273

milk, if thou have neither of the others ; if thou work Book II.
it in wine or in milk, sweeten it with honey; let the
man drink a good mickle cup full.

2. Work a spew drink of beer, add costmary, and
aloes, and fifteen libcorns, of the others similarly.

3. An emetic ; of homewort three pieces, and rend
up elder rind, the same quantity, twenty -five libcorns,
rub them to dust, and of honey as much as would be
one piece or proportion, then eat thereof with a spoon,
sip some water hot or cold. If such a draught will
not pass from a man, take marche and chervil, seethe
them thoroughly in water, add salt, then let the mem
drink. If there is inward pain, take a jug full of new
ale, add a hand full of homewort, have the jug held
up and drink till thou spew; then poke a feather into
thy mouth ; draw the bad matter out, drink again
soon. Take scammony, so much as may weigh a penny,
and rub it small, and half cook a hens egg, salt it
thoroughly, put the wort into it, let not the egg coa-
gulate, but sip it. A wort drink ; choose scammony
thus, break it in two, put a bit on thy tongue, if it
bursteth out white as milk, then it is good ; rub it
then in a treen vessel, not in any other, with a spoon
or with a handle, remove what cannot be rubbed down,
that part is coagulated, add two or three drops of
xwAixov,1 or boil together with it a stalk of olive
leaf: if it be good the dose will be one pennyweight;
if moderately good, one and a half or two penny-
weights ; if bad, three ; no more than that. A spew
drink ; hove, and onred, and elder rind ; pound these
together, put least of elder, then add thirty pepper-
corns, sweeten with honey, give the man to drink.

xiv. See the mention of Or/picucuv.
Book II. Ivi. 4.

' " Est etiam meclicamentum . . .
" quod KcoAucbi/ nominator . . . magis
" prodest potui datum." Celsus, IV.

VOL. II. 8

274 LMGE BOC.

.LTIT.

To leohtum bpence jelpJ?onan jyjmijzan • betonican
]>a clupyhtan penpypt • eoppj^potan • heah hiolo)?an »
ealehrpan • eolonan tpa fnseba • clatan • pegbpaaban •
ontpe • cpopleac to psetan healp hahj psetep • bealj:
pie hlutto^ eala. To leohtum bpence • bifceop pypt

fol. 103 n. elehcpe • pepmob • pulpep camb pyl on meolcum fpijje
appmg J?onne ]?uph clao" bpyp ealo on oSoe ■ ptn pele
fupan. Leoht bpenc bipceop pypt ontpe eolone •
mapubie • bpeopje bpofcle • mepce • gepcjmotu • betonica •
lieah hioloSe • limb hiolo)?e • jajille • irimte • bile • pinul •
ceppille • bpmce on ealu$ gepophte. Unfpipol bpenc
bifceop pypt • pepmob • attojtla^e • fppmg pypt jyS-
pipe • bpeopge bpofcle • pnul • jebeaten pipop • jebo J?a
pypta ealle on an paet £ebo j?onne ealb ptn hluttop
on "Sone bpenc oSoe fpioe 50b mebo bpmce )?onne J?one
bpenc neahtnej'tij • <j fpa betepe him fp lpa he optop
bpmce <j ete J?one bpip )?e hep appicen lp • bypij eolo-
nan omppan • ontpe • gotpo]?e hpomjeallan • jefcab-
pypt nio]?opeapbe • gecnua J?a pypta bo fealt on pyl on
butpan. 6pc unfpipol bpenc • bifceoppypt • jyj^pife •
fppmj pypt .v. bagaf bpmce astfomne fimle on mopgne
poplavce oJ>]ie pipe .v. bpmce. Leoht bpenc jeriim

fol. 103 b. pepmob • «j betonican • *j hioloj'an1 lseft <j hmb hioloj?an
bo on eala. Stille bpenc • betonican • eolone • pepmob •
ontpe • hune • elehtpe • pen pypt • jeappe • bpeopje
bpoftle • afctoplaoe pelbmopu.

.LIIII.

T)ib mftice • jeriim appotanan • *j attopla^an • bifceop
pypt ]?a fu]?epnan • jehsete on beope <j fupe. Sip ftice

Read eh hioloJ>an.

LEECH BOOK. II. 275

liii. Book II.

Ch. liii.

For a light drink, use elfthon, githrife, betony, the
cloved wen wort, everthroat, horse heal, lupins, two pro-
portions of helenium, clote, waybroad, ontre, cropleek,
for liquid let half be holy water, half clear ale. For
a light drink ; bishopwort, lupin, wormwood, wolfs-
comb, boil thoroughly in milk, then wring through a
cloth, drop ale or wine upon it, give it the man to
sip. A light drink ; bishopwort, ontre, helenium, mar-
rubium, dwarf dwostle, marche, ashthroat, betony, horse
heal, hind heal, gagel or sweet gale, mint, dill, fennel,
chervil, let the man drink them wrought up in ale. A
not emetic drink; bishopwort, wormwood, attorlothe,
springwort, githrife, pennyroyal, fennel, beaten pepper,
put all the worts into one vessel, then put clear old
wine into the drink or very good mead, then let the
man drink the draught after his nights fast, and it is
the better for him according as he oftener drinketh, and
let him eat the brewit which is here written ; borough-
helenium, ompre or sorrel, ontre, goutweed, ramgall,
the nether part of oxeye, pound the worts, add salt,
boil in butter. Again, a not emetic drink ; bishopwort,
githrife, springwort ; let the man drink for five days
together, always in the morning, let him leave it alone
for other iive, and drink for five more. A light drink ;
take wormwood, and betony, and horse heal, the least
of this, and hind heal, put them into ale. A quieting
drink ; betony, helenium, wormwood, ontre, horehomid,
lupin, wenwort, yarrow, dwarf dowstle, attorlothe, field-
more or carrot

liv.

For an inward stitch ; take abrotanon and attorlothe,
the southern bishopwort, that is, ammi, let the man
heat them in beer and sip. If there be a stitch, but

s 2

276

LMCE BOC.

butan innofte fie • jenim ponne pa peaban netlan *j
ealbe papan jebeat toSomne *j fmijie mib *j bepe mib
to pype.

.LV.

Dpenc pp mon mnan pophaepb fie • jecnua eolonan
pyl on ealoS *j betonican • pepmob *j pa clupihtan 1
penpypt pele bpmcan. pi]; Incope coftep jobne bsel •
<j pnolep prebep opep fpilc jebeat fmasle *j jegmb to
bufue. Jenlm psep euclep pulne • jebo on ealb pm oppe
caepen bjunee ponne neahtneptn; ppy bagap.

Pip psepcope bipceoppypt* pepmob* betonica • pebic-
mepce • cofu • puban paeb pypc to bpence.

.LVI.

?ip mon ne mseje utgejan • jeriim uman • *j eac
fol. 104 a. 3ecnyPte han<^ pulle* *j mebmicelne bollan pulne ealaS-
bepyl ppimme f ealo on paspe pypte bpmce ponne
neahtneptij. 6pt gip mon fyp gapleac on henne
bpope -j pelS bpmcan ponne to last hio f paji. Gpt
gate meoluc *j eceb feop setjsebepe pele bpmcan. (Bpt
gate meoluc «j humj *j pealt pele bpmcan. 6pt pylle
jeappan on hunige *j on butpan ete pa pypt mib.

Pip utpsepce ept epelaptan upepeapbe • pegbpseban
ellenpmbe pealt on ealo jepnben.

Tacn 2 be utpihtan ge on pam upeppan hpipe ge on
pam nipeppan. ba able mon msej onjitan be pam
utganje hpilc pe on onfyne fie. Sum bip pynne fum
mib piccum psetum jeonb goten. Sum mib prep m-
nopep • «j mib papa fmsel peapma jebpocum3 jemenjeb-

1 The MS. has a stop after cluy-
lhran.

2 pearly as Trallianus, book x.,

cap. i. p. 167, line 27, ed. Lutet. ;
hook viii., p. 455, ed. Basil.
' (ua-y-ara. Trail,

LEECH BOOK. II. 277

not in the inwards, then take the red nettle and old Book II.
soap, beat them together and smear therewith, and
foment therewith at the fire.

lv.

1. A drink, if a man be costive within ; pound hele-
nium, boil in ale it and betony, and the cloved wen-
wort ; give the man to drink. For inward disease ; a
good deal of costmary, and as much more of seed of
fennel, beat small and rub to dust ; take a spoon full
of this, put it into old wine, or wine boiled down one
third, let the man drink this after his nights fast for
three days.

2. For sudden sickness ; bishopwort, wormwood,
betony , radish, march e, costmary, seed of rue ; work
these into a drink.

lvi.

1. If a man may not discharge his bowels; take
" unian," and also a contracted hand full of it, and a
moderately mickle bowl full of ale ; boil strongly the
ale on the wort, then let the man drink it after his
nights fast. Again, if one seetheth garlic on chicken
broth, and giveth it the man as a drink, then it removes
the sore. Again, seethe together and give him to drink
goats milk, and honey, and salt. Again, let him boil
yarrow in honey and in butter, let him eat the wort
with those.

2. For painful evacuation ; the upper part of ever-
lasting, waybroad, elder rind, salt, rubbed up into ale.

3. Tokens of dysentery either in the upper part of
the belly or in the nether. One may understand the
disease by the faecal discharged, observing what like
it is in appearance : some is thin ; some is suffused
with thick humours ; some is mingled with fragments of
the inwards, and of the small guts ; some is much

278 L^CE BOO.

pum pprSe jejzylleb mib popmfe. Sum fpiiSe blobig.
Sum cym^ op J?am upeppan lijujze. Sum op ]?am
mj?eppan • }>am ]?e op ]?am upeppan hpipe cymS ye
ufcpsepc J?if tacn bi$ • J> pe man pap gepelS set lnf
napolan *j on lnp fculbpum hepig pap • *j Jmpft *j
unluft *j jmph baec ]?eapm lytel blob bpopaS ;

fol. 104 b. gx5 utpiht abl cymS manegum aepeiu op to miclum

utgange • <j ]?onne lanje lipile ne gym$ mon J?aef o|? f
pe mnoj? pyp^ Ze onbupnen ge Jmph ^ jepunbob •
hpilum ongmne5 op j?am mibhpipe pe lp betpeox j?sepe
pambe y J?a3pe lippe • «j ]?a peap |?a fte beo$ gemenjebu
op mettum pi]? blob «j pi}? oman jeonbjeota]? ]?one
Inno]? pypcea^cS ypelne utgang -j pop J?sepe gpimneppe
* j?apa omena ne raoBg beon gehsepb ]?y fe mete ac beoj?
pomob f?a mno]?af bebpipen J?onne pyp$ f to utpsepce.
JDu mon ]?a utypnenban men pcyle lacnian ]?am mon
fceal pellan J?a metfcap ]?a 'Se pambe neappian <j J>am
magan ne fce)?|?an • caulep leap • hpilum pyfena bpoj?
<j eceb • «j pop mib pegbpseban jefoben *j ealbne cyfe
geibbenne on gate meolce mib ]?y fmejipe gate • hpilum
bntebe Jxrne cyfe <j bpijne hlap -j pseteji f pie pofe on
gefoben hpilum pceapp pin bpmce. j/yne him onlegeua
to clame gepopht • bejien melo o]?J?e hpseten mib hunige
geSoben • mib mebmicle * * * *

* * * # * * * $ *

Here many folios have been taken from the MS. In
the margin " hie lacuna eft/' noio erased, may be read.

LEECH BOOK. II. 270

filled with ratten ; some is very bloody ; some cometh Book n.
from the upper belly,1 some from the lower : of that
in which the discharge cometh from the upper belly, this
is a token, that the man feeleth sore at his navel, and
heavy sore on his shoulders, and thirst, and loss of
appetite, and a little ' blood droppeth through the back
gut or rectum.

4. The disease dysenteria cometh to many first from
too mickle faecal discharge, and then a man for a long
while attendeth not to this, till the inwards become
either inflamed, or through that neglect wounded.
At whiles it beginneth from the midriff, which is
betwixt the wamb and the liver, and the juices from
meats which are mingled with blood and with bad hu-
mours, pour themselves through the inwards and cause
an evil faecal discharge, and for the grimness of the
inflammatous matters the food cannot be contained,
but the inwards,2 along with it, are driven down,
then that turneth to dysentery. We say now, how
one must cure the man thus afflicted ; to him one must
give the meats which restrain the wamb and do not
scathe the maw, juice of cole wort, at whiles peas broth,
and vinegar, and porrum or leek sodden with waybroad,
and old cheese sodden in goats milk, along with the
grease of goat. At whiles roast the cheese and dry
bread, and let him drink water which has been sodden
upon roses, at whiles sharp wine. Work him poultices
wrought to a clammy mass, barley or wheaten meal
sodden with honey, with a moderately mickle

***** *****

1 5E£ vtyy}\u:v iurepuu, boivels cor- i tions of the intestines, and t&v
rectly. j ivrepuu f} (pvviKT] tti/jl^Xt], the fat

- That is ^va-fxara, abraded por* \ naturally adhering to them.

280 L/ECE BOC.

*

.LIX.

MS. Harl. 55., fol. i a.

ndptais or p^ ];a3jie healp beaban able *j hpanon seo cuinc ♦

seo abl cym$ on ]?a ipi'Span healpe J?sep hchoman •
o<58e on ]?a pynlrpan • ]?8ep J^a pfna toplupaS *j beoo"
mib plipigne 'j piccepe psetan ypelpe *j ypelpe ]nccepe
•j mycelpe.1

ba psetan man pcae! mib bloblsepum «j bpencum *j
laecebomum on peg abon • J?onne peo abl cume sejieffc
on ftone mannan ]?onne ontyne ]?u Ins mu$ pceapa hip
timgan )?onne biS heo on J?a healpe lipittpe J?e peo abl
on beon pile • lacna lime ]?onne Jnip • Gepepe J?aene
mannan on ppicSe pgeptne cleopan «j peapmne gepefce
him ppiSe pel hleope J>sep *j peapme gleba bepe man
gelome mn.

Onppeoli hine j?onne «j pceapa his hanba geopne • <j
ppa bpsebejie ppa <5u cealbe pmbe lset him pona blob
on J?9epe cealban sebne • septeji ]?a3pe bloblajpe • huhpega
ymb .111. niht lele him pyjit bpenc utypnenbe bo
gtScopna fpa peala ppa laecap piton fy to pyptbpence
pculon *j ppa gepabe pyptra.

JDpilum alpan septeji hipe jnhte • him mon fcsel pellaii
hpilum fcamoniam • hpilum epfc septep pyptbpencum •
J?onne he gejiefe py • last ept blob on sebpe ppa bu on
ppnman bybept • hpilum ]?u teoh mib glaepe oSSe mib
hopne blob op ]?am papan fcopum abeabobum.

fol. 1 b. PiJ? J?a3pe healpbeaban able • be]?e hpilum j?a papan

iuope set heop^e oSSe be glebum • *j pmepe mib ele •
•j mib halpenbnm pealpum • «j jriib ppySe f ba pealpa

The MS. thus.

LEECH BOOK. II. 281

lix. Book II.

Ch. lix.

The MS. seems to have been written about A.D. 1040.

1. For the half dead disease and whence in cometh. Hemiplegia.
The disease cometh on the right side of the body, or

on the left, where the sinews are powerless, and are
afflicted with a slippery and thick humour, evil, thick,
and mickle.

2. The humour must be removed with bloodlettings,
and draughts, and leechdoms. When first the disease
cometh on the man, then open his mouth, look at his
tongue, then is it whiter on that side on which the
disease is about to be ; then tend him thus : carry
the man to a very close and warm chamber, rest him
very well there in shelter, and let warm gledes be
often carried in.

3. Then unwrap him and view his hands carefully,
and whichsoever thou find cold, on that cold vein let
him blood. After the bloodletting, somewhere about
three nights, give him a purging wort drink, put in
as many githcorns1 as leeches know must be put into
a wort drink, and suitable worts.

4. At whiles must be given him aloes after their
proper method, at whiles scammony ; at whiles again
after wort drinks, when he is in repose, let blood
again on a vein as thou didst at first ; at whiles draw
blood with a cupping glass or a horn from the
sore deadened places.

5. For the half dead disease. Warm at whiles the
sore place at the hearth or by gledes, and smear
with oil, and with healing salves, and rub smartly so

1 Berries of the Dafne laureola.

282 LiECE BOC.

m bepmcen. Jtypc to pealpe ealbne pyple pealtne heop-
tep meaph • jope pyple • o&Se hsenna • *j bo jobe pypta
to beSe J?a sapan ftope set pype.

JDpilum onleje *j onbmb ptc • <j peax • pipop • *j
i'mejiu • «j eie • togsebepe gemilteb. JOpilum on )?a
papan pinna *j appollenan lege on -j bmb on gate
typbelu gemengeb piS hunij • ooSe on ecebe gepoben *
]?onne J?pma$ J?a aplapenan *j pa appollena l pma.

Pypc linn pypt bpenc be ne bi(5 utypnenbe • ne
ppipol ac cobpijrS «j lytlao" pa ypelan psetan • on pain
peocnm men ]?e bip ppa ppa hoph o'S'Se pipoba oo^S c
plliptpe.

Genim hunijep pip1 lytle punb bo ponne to pan ge-
beaten *j apipt pipop • syle ponne to picjanne pain
unfcpuma1 men. Eft ymbe ppeo mht pyle him on
pam llcan gemete o$8e mape • *j ppa ymb peopep
niht.

])vS psepe liealp beaban able • bo pu hpilum pealtep
cuclep mael to menge pi$ hunig *j ept pipop • cnnna
fpa 9B5j?ep ge on pipnm lsecebome ge on o^pum psein
pe ic eac ppite liu hit on niman polbe • gip y lie
heapb pi utan lege on pane Isecebom pe J> heapb popSi
hpelige <j past ypel tit teo. teoli him blob op gip pa3t
fol. 2 a. neb o^Se ;p heapob pap pi on j?am hnepcan • ^ nitta 2

papa heceboma pe pane hoph op fam heapbe teo • 1 oppe
puph mn<$ • oftSe puph nopu • <j ponne he pa miht
hsebbe gebo J> he gelome gepnepe • syle him pa mettap
pe pyn ea^mylfce • *j 50b peap hsebben *j he pnam pam
mettum nuege pmahgan • pset pyn gepobene pypta •
pyll • geote man f sepefte pop *j y aptepe onpeg • bo

MS. thus. - Corrected to nytca, MS.

LEECH BOOK. M. 28

• >

that the salves may sink m. Work into a salve Book II.

J Ch. hx,

some old salt grease, some horse marrow, some goose
fat or hens, and add good worts, and warm the sore
places at the fire.

6. At whiles lay on and bind on pitch, and wax,
and pepper, and grease, and oil melted together. At
whiles lay on and bind on the sore swollen sinews
goats treadles, mingled with honey, or sodden in vine-
gar ; then the paralyzed and swollen sinews dwindle
to their proper size.

7. Work him a wort drink, which is not purging
nor yet emetic, but which driveth off and diminishes
the evil humour in the sick man, which is, as it were,
foulness, or rheum, or mucus.

8. Take of honey this small pound,1 then add to it
beaten and sifted pepper ; then give it to the infirm
man to eat. Again, about three nights after, give it
him in the same quantity, or more ; and so about four
nights after that.

9. For the half dead disease; at whiles, apply a
spoon measure of salt; mingle with honey and pepper
besides. Try both in this leechdom and in others,
which I also write, how it will hold ; if the body be
hard on the outside, lay on the leechdom that the hard
part by it may turn to ratten, and may draw out the
mischief. Draw blood from him, if the face or the
head he sore, in the tender place ; and make use of the
leechdoms, which may draw the foul matter from the
head, either through the mouth or through the nose ;
and when he hath the power, cause him to sneeze often ;
give him the meats which are easy of digestion, and
have a good succulence, and that he by means of the
meats may grow slender ; that is to say, give him
sodden worts ; boil them ; let the first and the second

1 That is, a pound by weight, not a pint by measure : see Lecchbook,
II. lxvii.

284 L^CE BOG.

J;onne gob pop to • *j pyle to ]?ycganne bo lytel peak •
•j ele • *j mejice to *j pojiji • -j ]?a3m jehce. llealb Jxmne
jeopne ]5 ye mete pi gemylt seji lie him ept jype •
pojvSan ]?e pe ungemylta mete him pypcS mycel ypel •
pcipep pmep bpmce set hpaega gip he ma pille • bjimce
hat psetep. healbe lime jeojine pi$ baej? • *j hpilum
J?onne he hit ge]?popian mseje lsete him blob on nman
eajime «j pceappije ]?a pcancan • se];ele laecebom • *j hu
peo healp beabe abl • rep peopeptigum o<5$e piptigum
pintpa nseppe on men ne becume.

8ume bee l?epa$ piS ])8epe healpbeaban able f man
pintpeop ba?pne to jlebum «j jxmne ]?a jleba pette
topopan ]?am peocum men *j p he ]?onne ontynbum
eajum *j opene mu))e ]?ane pec fpelje J?a J?page ]?e he
ma3je • j ]?onne he ma ne maaje onpenbe his neb
apeg lythpon -j ept penbe to «j onpo Sam fceme *j ppa
bo a3lce baege o'5 f pe brel J?8ep lichoman J?e pgep. abea-
bob psej' *j gelepeb to |?a3jie repjian hselo becume.
foJ. 2 b. 8oolice peo abl cymo" on monnan aeptep peopejitijum

o&Se piptijum pintpa gip he biS cealbpe gecynbo J?onne
cymS aeptep peopeptigum elcop c5rnr3 geptep piptigmn
pmtpa his gsepgetalep • gip hit gmgpan men gehmpe
]?onne biS f eablaBcnepe • *j ne biS peo y^ce a'^l
]?eah )?e ungleape laecap penan y y peo ylce healp-
beabe abl pi. llu gelic abl on man becume on geo-
joSe on pumum lime ppa spa peo healpbeabe abl on
ylbo be$. ne bi(5 hit peo healp beabe abl ac hpile
rethpega ypel pa3te biS gejoten on f lim J?e hit on
zerifc • ac biS eaftlrecnepe • ac peo poSe healpbeabe abl
cym$ reptep piptijum pintpa.

Gip mon py Jnepe healpbyeban able peoc • oftSe bjuec
peoc • pypc him oxumelli puSepne eceb bjienc ecebep ♦
■j humjep • *j paBtepep gemang.

LEECH BOOK. IL 285

infusion of them be poured away; tlien add some good Book II

decoction, and give it him to partake of ; add a little

salt, and oil, and marche, and leek, and such as those.

Observe then carefully that the meat be digested, ere

one give him any again ; since the undigested meat

worketh him much evil : let him drink some sheer wine ;

if he want more, let him drink hot water. Let him

hold back carefully from the bath, and at whiles, when

he may endure it, let him blood on the inner part of

the arm, and scarify his shanks. A noble leechdom !

And now, how the half dead disease never cometh on

a man before forty or fifty years of age.

10. Some books teach for the half dead disease, that
one should burn a pinetree to gledes, and then set the
P*ledes before the sick man, and that he then, with
eyes disclosed and open mouth, should swallow the
reek, for what time he may ; and when he is no longer
able, he should turn his face away a little, and again
turn it to the hot embers, and accept the glow ; and
so do every day, till the part of the body which was
deadened and injured come again to its former health.

11. Well, the disease cometh on a man after forty
or fifty winters; if he be of a cold nature, then it
cometh after forty ; otherwise, it cometh after fifty
winters of his tale of years : if it happen to a younger
man, then it is easier to cure, and it is not the same
disease, though uncle ver leeches ween that it is the
same half dead disease. How can a like disease come
on a man in youth in one limb, as the half dead
disease doth in old age? It is not the half dead
disease, but some mischievous humour is effused on the
limb, on which the harm settles ; but it is easier of
cure ; and the true half dead disease cometh after
fifty years.

12. If a man be sick of the half dead disease, or
epileptic, work him o^u^sXi, a southern acid drink, a
mixture of vinegar, and honey, and water.

286 LMCE BOC.

nim ecebep anne bael • hunigep tpejen bselap pel
jeclaapnobep • psetepep peopoan* peoS J?onne oS ^
ppibban bsel psepe psetan • oSSe peop'San • *j pleot
p pam *j f pot fymle J op o$J?set hit jepoben pi •
jip ]?u pille pone bpenc ptpengpan pypcan • ponne
bo pu ppa mycel peep ecebep ppa peep hunijep <j nytta
p8ep hecebomap ge piS pippe able je piS selcepe pul
neah. mm pinible paep ecebbpencep fpa gepophtep
ppa mycel ppa pe pmce • bo piS pippum ablum psebic
fol. 3 a. on f peap paep bpmcep lset beo nihtepne on • syle

ponne on mojijenne pam peocum men • neahtneiti-
jum pane peebic fpa jefeapne to picjanne fpa he
fpySufc mseje • <j $ pu panne laepe psep seapep
pySSan pe psebic ope2 py • jeot hat paetep on syle
bpmcan pam seocum men to pylle. anb ponne ymbe
anep bse^ey hpile fringe him mon pepepe on nm$
oSSe pmgeji nebe hme to fpipanne. llim ept elep
anne bsel* peapmep pastepep tpegan* pealtep tpegan
cucelep3 pulle meng togaabepe pyle to bpmcanne ceac
pulne *j panne ftmje pmgep on muS bsebe to fpi-
panne • last panne fpipan on pane ylcan ceac pe he
yep op bpanc gefceapa ponne hpseSeji pe4 spipSa py
ppa micel ppa he sen gebpanc • gip he mapa py tyla
hij* ppa • jip he emmicel pi pane 5 pe he a?p gebpanc
pyle ept on Sa llcan pipan oftpset he ma fpipe panne
he gebpmce sep • pis pceal fpipuft piS blaabpan able
*j psem ftanum pe on blaabbpan pyn.

])r8 psepe healpbeaban [able] • Nim ty pastep pe
pyopan p?epan on jepobene opep pilleba pyle bpmcan
fpiSe ponne pedS6 f pone inno$ <j clasnpaS. Ept pyn-

1 fmyle, MS. ' On this form, see St. Marharete,

p. 84.

2 Read o>-, for oye.

3 Read cuclepar.

* Read >ani.

,; Perhaps perCS, washeth.

LEECH BOOK. II. 287

13. Take of vinegar, one part; of honey, well Book II
cleansed, two parts ; of water, the fourth part ; then

seethe down to the third or fourth part of the liquid,
and skim the foam and the refuse off continually, til]
the mixture be fully sodden. If thou wish to work
the drink stronger, then put as much of the vinegar
as of the honey, and use the leechdom either for this
disorder, or for full nigh any one. Take always of the
acid drink, so wrought, as much as may seem good to
thee. For these disorders put a radish into the liquor
of the drink ; let it be in it for the space of a night ;
then give in the morning to the sick man, after his
nights fast, the radish so liquored to eat, as he best
may; and then, when the radish is gone, pour thou
hot water on the remains of the liquor ; give it to the
sick man to drink to the full. And then, after about
a days space, let some one poke a feather into his
mouth, or a finger ; let him compel him to spew.
Again, take of oil, one part ; of warm water, two ; of
salt, two spoons full ; mingle them together ; give to
drink a jug full, and then poke a finger into his mouth ;
bid him spew; let him spew into the same jug from
which he before drank ; then examine whether the
vomit be as much as he ere drank. If it be more, tend
him then ; if it be just as much as he before drank,
give him again in the same wise, till he spew more
than he drank before. This must be applied chiefly
for disease of bladder, and for the stones which are
in the bladder.

14. For the half dead [disease]. Take the water on
which peas were sodden, and overboiled ; give it the
man to drink. That strongly waketh up and cleanseth

288 LMCE BOC.

pullan leap on pin jejriiben f clrenpaft pane mna$.
pi(5 pan ilcan ept • ellenep blopman jennn «j ^egmb «j
jemenje piS humg <j jebo on box • *j ponne peapj: pi
jenim bollan pulne hluttjiep jefpettep pliiep ^emenje
pi'S ]5 *j apeohhe pyle bpmcan. Jh^ pan ilcan betan
mib lnpe pyptpuman peoiS on paetepe butan pealte •
pyle ponne prep psetenep bollan pulne to gebjuncanne.

. LXIV.

# * * * # * * * *

foL 105 a. fte opepne healpne penmj jepeje ^egnib fpipe fmale
bo ponne on hluttop aeg *j pele pam men to fup-
anne • hio lp fpipe 30b eac on pap pifan picS hpoftan
•j pip fppinje bo pap pypte on he bip pona hal. bip
ip balzaman fmypmg pip eallum untpumneppum pe on
mannep licboman bip • pip peppe • *j pip pcmlace «j pi5
eallum jebpolpmge. Gal fpa pame pe petpa oleum he
ip 50b *jpealb co bpmcanne pi^S mnan tiebepneppe *j
utan to fraeppanne on pinfcpep bseje pop pon pe he
hsepS fpifte micle haste pop fty lime mon fceal bpmcan
on pmtpa • «j he ip 50b jip hpam feo fppasc oppylo1
nime ponne *j pypce cpiftep mael unbep hip tungan «j
hip an lyfcel fpelge • glp mon eac op hip jepitte people

"seleum? ponne nime he hip bsel *j pypce cpiftep msel on selcpea

lime bufcan cpuc on pam heapbe popan pe fceal on
balzame beon <j opep on pam heapbe upan. Typiaca
tp 50b bpenc pip eallum mno^ tybepneppum • *j pe
man fe pe lime fpa bejaep fpa hit hep on pejS ponne
msej he him miclum gehelpan. To pam basje pe he

fol. 105 b. pille lime bjuncan he fceal paaftan op mibne baBg *j ne
la?ce lime pinb beblapan py ba3je • ja him ponne on

LEECH ROOK. II. 289

the inwards. Ao-ain, leaves of houseleek bruised in Book II.
wine; that cleanseth the inwards. For the same again;
take blossoms of elder, and rub them, and mix them
with honey, and put them in a box, and when need
be, take a bowl full of clear sweetened wine, mingle
with that and strain : administer. For the same ;
seethe beet with its roots in water without salt ; then
administer a bowl full of the water to drink.

*

Ixiv. Patriarch

Helias sends
# * # * * these to King

Alfred.

so much as may weigh a penny and a half, rub very
small, then add the white of an egg, and give it to the
man to sip. It (balsam) is also very good in this wise
for cough and for carbuncle, apply this wort, soon shall
the man be hole. This is smearing with balsam for
all infirmities which are on a mans body, against
fever, and against apparitions, and against all delusions.
Similarly also petroleum is good to drink simple for
inward tenderness, and to smear on outwardly on a
winters day, since it hath very much heat ; hence one
shall drink it in winter : and it is good if for anyone
his speech faileth, then let him take it, and make the
mark of Christ under his tongue, and swallow a little
of it. Also if a man become out of his wits, then
let him take part of it, and make Christs mark on
every limb, except the cross upon the forehead, that
shall be of balsam, and the other also on the top of
his head. Triacle (QY)giuxo'v) is a good drink for all in-
ward tendernesses, and the man, who so behaveth him-
self as is here said, he may much help himself. On
the day on which he will drink triacle, he shall fast
until midday, and not let wind blow on him that
day : then let him go to the bath, let him sit there

VOL. II. t

290 l,ece boc.

hsep pitte J?gen on o3 f he fpsete • nime ];onne ane
cuppan bo an lytel peamnep psetpep on mnan nime
J?onne ane lytle pnaeb psep typiacan <j jemenge l pij> f
psetep *j peoli ]raph Jrynne hpeejl bpince ]?onne • *j 5 a
him ]?onne to hip jiefte *j beppeo lime peapme • *j licje
fpa o]? he pel fpsete • ajiipe J?onne «j fitte him up *j
fcinpe hme *j ]?icge pi]?]?an hip mete to nonef *j beopje
him jeopne pi J? J>one pmb psep basgep • ]?onne ;j;elype
ic to jobe p hit )?am men miclum gehelpe. Se hpita
ftan ma3g pi); fcice *j pi]? pleojenbum attpe • *j pi];
eallnm uncuj?um bpocum • bu pee alt hme fcapan on
psetep «j bpmcan tela micel *j J?sepe peaban eoji]?an bsel
pcape J;a3p to 'j ]?a ftanaf fmt ealle fpioe gobe op to
bpmcanne pi]? eallnm uncu]?lieu }?ing • 2 bonne ty pyp
op fam ftane aplejen hit lp 50b pr3 hjetta • *j pi^S
]?unoppaba *j prS aelcep cynnef gebpol J^mj • *j jip mon
on hif pege bij? jebpolob plea him anne fpeapcan
bepopan bij? he pona on jnhtan. bip eal het }>up
fol. 10G a. pecgean relppebe eynmge bomne hehap patpiapcha on
gepupalem.

.LXV.

Qip hopf opfcoten pie • Nim ]?onne f peax ]?e ]?aat
hcepte fie pealo hpy]?epef hopn 'j pien . III. sepene
naeglaf on • Pjut ]?onne pam hoppe on ]?am heapbe
pojian epiftep msel <j on leo]?a gehpilcum ]?e Jm setpeo-
lan msege • Nim J?onne f pineftjie eape Jmjih ftmj
fpigenbe • J>ip ]?u pcealt bon • genim ane gmbe pleah
on $ baec j?onne bi]? f hopp hal • <j appit on }>a3p
p axep hopne ]?ap popb • benebicite omnia opejia
bommi bommum. Sy f ylpa J?e him fie ]?ip him ma3g
to bote, pi]; utpaence bpembel J;e pien begen enbaf

1 After semense, MS. has j>e pi>. J 2 Read ealle.

LEECH BOOK. II. 291

till he sweat ; then let him take a cup, and put a Book n.
little warm water in it, then let him take a little hit
of the triacle, and mingle with the water, and drain
through some thin raiment, then drink it, and let him
then go to his bed and wrap himself up warm, and
so lie till he sweat well; then let him arise and sit
up and clothe himself, and then take his meat at noon,
three hours past midday, and protect himself earnestly
against the wind that day : then, I believe to God,
that it may help the man much. The white stone is
powerful against stitch, and against flying venom, and
against all strange calamities : thou shalt shave it into
water and drink a good mickle , and shave thereto a
portion of the red earth, and the stones are all very
good to drink of, against all strange uncouth things.
When the fire is struck out of the stone, it is good
against lightenings and against thunders, and against
delusion of every kind : and if a man in his way is
gone astray, let him strike himself a spark before him,
he will soon be in the right way. All this Dominus
Helias, patriarch at Jerusalem, ordered one to say to
king Alfred.

lxv.

If a horse is elf shot,1 then take the knife of which
the haft is horn of a fallow ox, and on which are three
brass nails, then write upon the horses forehead Christs
mark, and on each of the limbs which thou may feel
at : then take the left ear, prick a hole in it in silence ;
this thou shalt do; then take a yerd, strike the horse
on the back, then will it be hole. And write upon the
horn of the knife these words, " Benedicite omnia opera
domini, dominum." Be the elf2 what it may, this is
mighty for him to amends. Against dysentery, a

1 Elf shot in the Scottish phrase.

2 The construction as in Ic hit
eom, / am he ; combined with the

partitive, as Hjnlc hselefta, what
hero.

T 2

292

L^SCE BOO.

fol. 106 b.

on eop]?an • genmi ];one neoppan pyptfcpuman help tip
]?pit nigon fponaf on J?a pmftpan hanb «j ping jmipa
miSepepe mei beup • «j nigon fijnim patep noptep •
genim ]?onne mucgpypt • <j epelaftan • pyl J>ap J>peo J on
meolcum o]? f hy peabian fupe }>onne on neahfc nepuij
jobe blebe pulle hpile sep he oJ?epne mete J>icje • pefce
hine popte • «j ppeo hine peapme • gip ma J?eapp fie bo
ept fpa • gip J?u J>onne jit ]?uppe bo ]?pibban pij?e ne
]?eappt j?u optop. Jip utjanj popfeten fie jenim 51$-
cojmep leapa jobe hanb pulle *j J?a pupan pejbpseban
mo]?opeapbe • «j boccan ]?a J?e fpimman pille • pyl }>ap
]?peo on ealbum ealaS fpij?e *j bo pealte butepan on
pylle Jncce lset bpmcan gobe blebe pulle hpile sep oSpum
mete *j ppeoh hme peapme • *j pefce ftille bo ]?up J?pipa
ne ]?eapp opto^.

fol. 107 a.

PiJ? lungen able lsecebom bun tsehue • paluie • pube be
healpan J?sepe paluian • pepep pupan emmicel J?apa tpegea
pypta J?sepe paluian ]?peo fpelc bpeopje bpoftlan hiepe ]?e
nu2 ealpa pypta pypmept on ]?a pealpe J>e him Jnpep
lsecebomep ];eapp fie healbe hme geopne pij> jefpet eala
bpmce hluttop eala y on J?sep hluttpan ealaS pypte
pylle jeonje acpinbe *j bpmce. J)ip utpsepce genim
unfmepigne healpne cyfe bo englipcep hunijep .III.
fnseba to • pylle on pannan 0]? f hit bpunige • gemm
Jxmne geongpe acpinbe hanb pulle -j fpa fpijenbe set
ham jebpmg «j nseppe m on J?one mon pceape f jpene
on utan pylle J?a fsep fpone on cu meolce jefpete mib
J)pim fnsebum hunigef j?one bpenc Jncge J?onne mib Sy
cype septep bpence .VII. niht eala popga *j meoloc
]?icge unfupe. pi]? unlybbum fupe cu butepan .Villi.

1 Two herbs are named : the chips
are third.

2 These words are scarcely with-
out error.

\

LEECH BOOK. II. 29

Q

Ch. lxv.

bramble of which both ends are in the earth ; 1 take Book II

the newer root, delve it up, cut up nine chips into the

left hand, and sing three times the Miserere mei, deus,

and nine times the pater noster; then take mugwort

and everlasting, boil these three, the tvorts and the

chips, in milk till they get red, then let the man sip

at night fasting a good dish full, some while before he

taketh other meat ; let him rest himself soft, and wrap

himself up warm ; if more need be, let him do so

again : if thou still need, do it a third time, thou wilt

not need oftener. If the fsecal discharge be lodged,

take of the leaves of githcorn a good hand full, and

the nether part of the rough waybroad, and the dock

which will swim ; boil these three in old ale thoroughly

and add salt butter, boil it thick, let the man drink

a good dish full a while before other meat, and let

him wrap himself up warm, and let him rest quiet ;

do this thrice, no need to do it oftener.

2. For lung disease, a leechdom ; Dun taught it ;
sage, rue, half as much as of the sage ; feverfue as
much as of the two worts ; of pennyroyal three
times as much as of the sage ; take thee of it of
all worts foremost to put into the salve. Let the
man, who hath need of this leechdom, withhold him-
self earnestly from sweetened ale, let him drink
clear ale, and in the wort of the clear ale let him
boil young oak rind, and drink. For dysentery, take
an ungreasy half cheese, and four parts of English
honey, boil in a pan until it browneth, then take a
hand full of young oak rind, and so in silence bring
it home, and never bring it in to the mans presence,
shave off the green outside the house, boil the sappy
chips in cows milk, sweeten it with three parts of
honey, let the man take the drink with the cheese,
afterwards let him drink : for seven days let him fore-
go ale and take milk not turned sour. For poisons ;
let him sip cows butter for nine mornings, for three,

1 Frequently seen : spontaneous propagation

294 LMCE BOC.

mopjnap . III. popan . viii. mopjnap ceppillan Temetlice
on pme ]?pibba basl psetpef nime j?onne hpephpettan
niobopeapbe jmb on pylifc 1 ealo fpete mib huniTe
bpmce J>88jie teoJ?an niht • to mete }>one bpenc on ]?peo
Jncje 8Bt J7am ]?pim honcpebum.

pij? ]?a3pe geolpan able • genim nio]?opeapbe eolenan
gebo J> J?u hsebbe on J?am popman bgege J?onne J?u hipe
repefu bpuce on mopgen mm }>peo fnseba <j ]?peo on niht
«j hipe pculon beon on hunix, Tefnaab • -j by aaptepan
mepgen . nil. fnseba *j nil. on niht • <j )?pibban mep-
gen .V. fnseba *j . v. on niht • *j j?y peop]?an mepjen.
.VI. *j VI. on niht. hep bpenc pceal pij> J?on llcan.
genim alexanbpian <j xjiunbefpel^ean cnna fmale «j bo
to bpence on hluttjinm eala$. Tip men fie pasplicc
ypele pypce . III. cpiftep msel an on ]?a3pe tungan obep
on J?am heapbe • Jrpibbe on |?am bpeofuum pona biS pel.
To gehealbanne lichoman haelo mib bpihtnep gebebe •
]?ip lp aefyele laBcebom • genim myppan «j jejnib on ptn
fpilce fie tela micel fceap pnl *j Jncje on niht neptix, •
fol. 107. b. *j ept ]?onne pefcan pille f gehealbe]? punbophce licho-
man hselo 'j hit eac beah pi]? peonbep cofcunjtim
yplum.

)?onne ij* epfc pe sef>elefta lsecebom to J?on llcan • xenim
myppan «j hpit pecelp *j fapman • *j faluiam • <j pupman <j
J?sep pecelpep «j myppan fy msept • -j j?a oJ?pe fyn apegene
]?apa fien empela • <j a3tfomne on moptepe gepube to
bufte pefcte unbep peopob J?onne cpiftep tib fie «j
jefmje mon . in. mseppan opep J>a . in. bagaf on mibne
pmtep *j set ftepanep tibe <j See Iohannep euanxe-
hfca *j ]?a ]?py baxap picge on pme on neaht neptij *j
f peep to ]ape fie ]?sep buftep hapa *j gehealb ; hit

1 pyhef, MS.

LEECH BOOK. II. 295

soap, for eight mornings of chervil, a moderate quantity, Book II.
in wine, a third part also of water ; then let him take
the netherward part of cucumber, rub it up into
foreign ale, sweeten with honey, let the man drink
that the tenth night, for meat let him take the drink
at three times at the three cock Growings.

3. For the yellow disease ; take the netherward part
of helenium, contrive that thou mayest have it on the
previous day ; when first thou usest it, take three
pieces in the morning and three at night, and they
shall be bits of it sliced into honey ; and the second
morning four pieces, and four at night; and the third
morning five pieces, and Hve at night ; and the fourth
morning six, and six at night. The following drink
shall avail for the same ; take alexanders and ground-
sel, pound them small, and form them into a potion in
clear ale. If a man have sudden ailments, make three
marks of Christ, one on the tongue, the second on the
head, the third upon the breast, soon he will be well.
To keep the .body in health with prayer to the Lord :
this is a noble leechdom : take myrrh and rub it into
wine, so much as may be a good stoup full, and let
the man take it at night fasting, and again when he
will rest ; that wonderfully upholdeth the health of
the body, and it also is efficacious against the evil
temptings of the fiend.

4. This is the noblest leechdom for the same ; take
myrrh and white frankincense, and savine and sage, and
dyeweed, and of the frankincense and of the myrrh
let there be most, and let the others be weighed, of
them let there be equal quantities ; and have them
rubbed to dust together in a mortar, have them set
under the altar, when it is Christmas tide, and let one
sing three masses over them, for three days in mid-
winter, and at St. Stephens tide, and St. John the
evangelists day, and for those three days let the man
take the leechdom in wine at night fasting, and what
there is left of the dust hold and keep ; it is power-

290 L;ECE BOC.

msej pi]? eallum psep. 1 untpymneppum • je pi]? peppe
je pi]? lencten able ge pi]? atpe • ge pi]? ypelpe lypte.
geppitu eac pecgea]? pe ]?e ]?one laacebom bega J> he
lime ma3ge jehealban .XII. monaj? pi]? ealpa untpym-
neppa ppeceneppe.

J?onne epfc prS ;z;icj?an f eal ye lichoma py clanep
hipep *j jlabep *j beophtep* genim ele <j ealbep pmep
bpseptan empela bo on moptepe gemeng pel to fomne
*j fmipe mib ]?y ]?one lichoman on funnan. pr3 selpe
*j pi)? uncu]?um fibpan2 jmb myppan on pin *j hpitep
pecelpep em micel • <j pceap gagatep bsel ]?sep ftanep
fol. 108 a. on f yin bpmce . ill. mopjenap neaht neptij o]?]?e
. villi. o]?J?e . XII. pi]? lonb able pyl pepmob fpa bpijne
fpa jpenne fpa ]?ep he hsebbe on oleo [mpipmopum] 3
o]? ]? ]?asp elep fie Jmibban bael bepylleb *j fmijxe mib
)?one lichoman ealne get pype • *j mseppe ppeoft pceal
bon J?one la3cebom gip man h^ep]?. pi]? gon^el pseppan
bite fmit on ipen fpat. pi]? utpihte mep jeallan •
blsec fnegl pyl on meolcum ptip on sepenne ^ on
mopgenne. iDeapob pealp mujijie *j alpe libania ealpa
gehce pela menj pi]? eceb fmine mib f heapob. pi]?
]?on llcan fpepl -j fpeglep seppel muppe • <j seghpilcep
cynnep pecelf nigon pypta enjlifce • polleie • bpem-
bel • asppel • elehtpe • bipceop pypt • pmul • pupe peg-
bpa3be • hapan fppecel • fio hape pypt • h]? pypt • ealpa
Jnppa empela • oleum [mpipmopum] • 3 halij paetep •
halig pealt • o]?ep ele • fmipe ]?e mib ]?yp upan J?onne
]?u hi jnibe.

. LXVI.

Cf. Marbodams. Be J?am fcane ]?e jagatep hatte lp paab f he . VIII.
msejen hgebbe. An ip ]?onne J?unoppab bij? ne pce]?e(S

1 Read jsephcum.
- Perhaps miswritten.

3 The letters have been paled
away purposely.

LEECH BOOK. II.

297

ful against all dangerous infirmities, either against
fever, or against typhus, or against poison, or against
evil air. Writings also say, that he who employs the
leeclidom is able to preserve himself for twelve months
against peril of all infirmities.

5. Then again, against itch, and that all the body
may be of a clean, and glad, and bright hue : take oil
and dregs of old wine, equally much, put them into a
mortar, mingle well together, and smear the body with
this in the sun. Against an elf and against a strange
visitor,1 rub myrrh in wine and as mickle of white
frankincense, and shave off a part of the stone called
agate into the wine, let him drink this for three morn-
ings after his nights fast, or for nine, or for twelve. For
land disease or nostalgia, boil wormwood so dry (or)
so green, as he hath there, in oleum infirm orum, the
oil of extreme unction, till a third part of the oil is
boiled away, and smear all the bod}^ at the fire with
it, and a mass priest shall perform the leechdom, if a
man hath means to get one. For a bite of gang-
weaving spider, smudge hydromel2 on iron. For dia-
rhcea, boil in milk horse gall and black snail, sip in
the morning and evening. A head salve ; myrrh and
aloes, and libanum or frankincense, of all a like quan-
tity, mingle with vinegar, smear the head therewith.
For the same ; sulfur and s wails apple, myrrh and
frankincense of every sort ; nine English worts, pule-
gium, bramble, apple, lupin, bishopwort, fennel, rough
waybroad, vipers bugloss, the hoar wort, lithewort, of
all these equal quantities ; oil of unction, holy water,
holy salt,3 common oil, smear thyself with this up-
wards on the head, when thou hast rubbed them.

lxvi.

Of the stone which hight agate. It is said that it
hath eight virtues. One is when there is thunder, it

Book II.
Ch. lxv.

1 Interpreted by Herbarium cxi. 3.
- Perhaps Sweat.

y Salt which has had the formula
of benediction pronounced over it.

298 LMCE BOC.

)?am men ]?e J?one fcan mib him hsepft. 0]?ep maBjen
lp on ipa hpilcum hufe fpa he hip ne mseg paap mne
peonb pefan. bpibbe maegen lp f nan accop ]?am men
fol. 108 b. ne maeg pcej>]?an J?e J?one fcan mib him hapa]?. Feop]?e
maagen lp f fe man pe pe J?one la]?an peonb on him
beagollice haapj? gip he ])sep fcanep gepceapenep hpilcnc
basl on pastan onpehS ]?onne bi]? pona fpeotol seceopob
on him f aap beajol maS. Fipte maagen if pe ]?e
aanigpe able gebpehc bi)? 51 p he pone fcan on psefcan
jnge]? him bi]? pona pel* Syxce msegen if ]5 bpycpaapc
];am men ne bepej? pe pe hine mib him hsepS. SeopoJ?e
msejen if J> pe ]?e ]?one fcan on bpmce onpehft he hseyy
];e fmeppan lichoman. 6ahtoJ?e lp j?a3p fcanej' msegen
f nan nasbpan cynnep bice }?am pce]?J?an ne maej }>e
];one fcan on psecan bypij]?.

LXVII.

bimitte. Punb elep gepihS . XII. penejum lseppe ponne pnnb

paecpef • *j punb ealo^S gepihS . VI. penejum mane ponne
punb paacpef • *j . L punb pinep gejmift . xv. penegum
mape J?onne . 1. punb psecpef • <j punb hunigep gepihb"
. XXXIIII. penegum mape J?onne punb pgecpep • 3 . 1.
punb butepan gepihS • lxxx. penejum lseppe ]?onne punb
pascpep • <j punb beopef gepih5 . XX 11. penejum lseppe
]?onne punb paacpep » *j 1. punb melopep jepihS . cxv.
penegum leeppe ponne punb psecpep • *j I. punb beana
jepihS . lv. penejum lasppe J?onne punb paecpef • *j xv.

fol. 109 a. punb * paecpef jaf> co pepcpe :•

Dalb habec hunc2 libpum cilb quern confcpibepe mfpiC:
Ktc ppecop appibue cunctif m nomine cpipti-
Quo 3 nullup to Hat hunc libpum peppibuf a me •
Nee ui nee pupto nee quobam pamme palpo-
Cup quia4 nulla mihi cam capa eSc optima gaza*
Quam capi hbpi quop epipti jpatia comic.

1 An error, read yntran, ounces.

2 hunb, MS.

3 Head Quod.

4 Read as Cur ? Quia.

LEECH BOOK. II.

299

doth not scathe the man who hath this stone with him.
Another virtue is, on whatsoever house it is, therein a
fiend perhaps enemy may not be. The third virtue is,
that no venom may scathe the man who hath the stone
with him. The fourth virtue is, that the man, who
hath on him secretly the loathly fiend, if he taketh in
liquid any portion of the shavings of this stone, then
soon is exhibited manifestly in him, that which before
secretly lay hid. The fifth virtue is, he who is afflicted
with any disease, if he taketh the stone in liquid, it
is soon well with him. The sixth virtue is, that sor-
cery hurteth not the man, who has the stone with him.
The seventh virtue is, that he who taketh the stone
in drink, will have so much the smoother body.
The eighth virtue of the stone is, that no bite of any
kind of snake may scathe him who tasteth the stone
in liquid.

Book II.
Ch. Ixvi.

lxvii.

A pint of oil weigheth twelve pennies l less than a
pint of water ; and a pint of ale weigheth six pennies
more than a pint of water ; and a pint of wine weigh-
eth fifteen pennies more than a pint of water ; and a
pint of honey weigheth thirty-four pennies more than
a pint of water ; and a pint of butter weigheth eighty
pennies less than a pint of water ; and a pint of beer
weigheth twenty-two pennies less than a pint of water ;
and a pint of meal weigheth 115 pennies less than a
pint of water; and a pint of beans weigheth fifty-five
pennies less than a pint of water; and fifteen ounces
of water go to the sextarius.2

1 This is the Saxon silver penny
of twenty-four grains, our penny-
weight.

2 " Sextarius medicinalis habet
11 uncias decern." Plin. Valer. Pref.

300 L^CE BOC.

[Book III.]

yip heapob ece • *j pi]? ealbum heapob ece • *j pi]?
healpep heapbep ece. II. J)ip afpollenum eagum *j 50b
eah pealp • -j pr3 mifce on eajan *j prS plie • *j pi8 pyp-
mum on eajum -j pi]? ]?a3m gip plsepc on eajum peaxe •
•j jlp on ea^um peaxan peabe fponje • -j pp eajan
typen «j pceabe pealp to eagum • *j fmej?e eah
pealp.

.ill. pi]? eappsepce <j pi]? Jjsem pp pypmaf pyn on
eapan <j 50b eap pealp. nil. pi]? to]? ece «j jip te]? fyn
hole.

.V. pi]? mnan tobpocenum muSe .VI. pi]? ceoc able
«j pi]? ceol psence. vn. Pi]? healp psence. VIII. pi]?
bite. vim. pi]? hpoftan. x. pi]? J?am ]?e mon blobe
hpsece. XL pi]? peonbum jeallan. XII. J)ip J?8epe
jeolpan able. XIII. pi]? bpeoft psepce. xnn. pip
hpoftan <j pi]? lunjen able. XV. pi]? ma^an psepce «j
pi]? a|?unbeneppe, XVI. piS milt psepce.
fol. 109 b. . xvii. pi]? linben psepce. xvin. pi]? pambe paejice

•j nypel psepce. xvnn. pi]? blsebbep. peepce.

. XX. pi]? ]?am gip man ne maege gemigan *j ]?am
men ]?e ftanaf peaxan on ]?sep.e blsebjian. xxi. pi]?
fam £ip men fie fe ut^anj popfeten. xxn. pi)? nfcpiht
able bpenc *j bpip. xxin. pi]? J?am pypmum ]?e beo]?
on mannep mno)?e. xxnn. pi]? lift psence. XXV. ])i]>
peaptum. XX vi. pio" ]?am miclan lice fmijunj «j bse]?
*j bpenc 'j bpip. XXVII. ])i\> fmgalum ]?upfte un-
tnumpa manna. XXV ill. pi]? mnan poptoje *j fnuel
]?eajima ece. xxvnn. pi)? ]?am ]?e man fie mib pype
anum ponbsepneb -j pi]? ]?am ]?e man fie mib peetan
po^bgenneb* *j pi)? funbpyne. xxx. ])i]> ]?eone bnenc
a Read Rope, 'j ept pi]? J?gepea *j fceotenbum penne *j ept bej?imz; pi]?
)?am jip ]?eop jepnmje on anpe ftope. XXXI. pi]?
penne pealp. XXXII. pi]? bolge pealp. xxxin. pi]? ]?am

LEECH BOOK. III.

301

Book III.

Book III.

1. For head ache, and for old head ache, and for Contents.
ache of half the head, commonly called megrim. 2. For
swollen eyes, and a good eye salve, and for mist in the
eyes, and against white speck, and against worms in
the eyes, and in case flesh wax upon the eyes, and if
red sponges wax on the eyes, and if the eyes are
bleared, and a salve for obscure vision of the eyes,
and a smooth eye salve. 3. For pain of ear, and in
case worms are in the ears, and a good ear salve. 4.
For tooth ache, and if the teeth are hollow. 5. For a
mouth broken out within. 6. For cheek or jaw disease,
and for pain in the jowl. 7. Against neck pain. 8.
Against cancer. 9. For cough. 10. In case a man
hreak up blood. 11. For flowing gall. 12. For the
yellow disease or jaundice. 13. For breast pain. 14.
For cough and for lung disease. 15. For pain in the
maw or stomach, and distention. 16. For pain of spleen.
17. For loin pain. 18. For wamb or belly pain, and for
pain in the fat about the belly, where the kidneys are
lodged. 19. For bladder pain. 20. In case a man may
not mie, and for the man in whose bladder stones wax.
21. For the case where a mans faecal discharge is ob-
structed. 22. For diarrhoea, a drink and a brewit. 23.
For the worms which be in a mans inwards. 24. For
joint pain. 25. For warts. 26. For leprosy or elephan-
tiasis, a smearing, and a bath and a drink, and a
brewit. 27. For the constant thirst of men out of
health. 28. For gripe and ache of small guts. 29. In
case a man be burnt with fire only, and in case a
man is burnt with liquid, and for sun burning. 30.
A drink against the "dry" disease, and again for
that, and for a shooting wen, with shooting pains,
and again a fomentation for it, if the "dry" disease
remain in one place. 31. A salve for a wen. 32. A
salve for a wen. 33. In case a man be wounded in

302 L.ECE BOC.

pp man fie upan on heapob punb -j fie ban jebjiocen
*j pip pam pp fio eaxl upftige . ^ 50b bolh bpenc
*j pp jebpocen ban fie on heapbe *j op nelle. xxxiiii.
Pip hunbep plite «j pip pon pp pmpe popcoppene -j pip

fol. 110 a. pam pp fmpe fien gefcpuncene. XXXV. pip jonje-
pippan bite, xxxvi. Pip cancpe. XXXVII. Pip pam pe
pip ne msege beapn acennan *j pp op pipe nelle jan
sepcep pam beopppe J> gecynbelic fie • *j pp op l pipe fie
beab beapn • *j pip pam pp pip blebe to fpipe septep
pam beopppe. xxxviil. pip pam pe pipum fie popfcan-
ben lnpa monaS gecynb *j pip pam pp pipe to fpipe
opplope fio monop jecynb. xxxvilil. pip fmeajea
pypme fmipmg <j anlejen* «j bepmj -j pealp. XL. pip
pam pe man fie monap feoc. [xli.] 2 pip ealle peonbep
coftunja bpenc *j pealp. pip pon llcan «j hu man pcyle
jepitfeocne man lacnian* *j liu mon pcyle pypcean
fpipbpenc utypnenbum. XLII. pip pam pp fpipbpenc on
men gefittan3 *j he nelle utjan. xliii. pip attpep
bpence. [XLIIII.]4 pip lupum. XLV. pip pam pp popn
ftmje mon on pot oSSe lipeob *j ponne nelle opgan.
xlvi. Pip sepmselum *j pip eallum eapia psepce, xlvii.
Pip lypt able pp fe mup fie poll oppe pon lsecebom <j
beplnj «j bsep pealp <j leah *j blobep lsep. xlviii. pip
pic able bpenc -j bepmp XLVini. pip fculbo^ psepce

fol. nob. *j eapma. L. pip cneopa pape. LI. pip pota pape. Lli.
pip pam pp pu ne msege blob bolg popppipan. LIU.
pip pam pp meoloc fie jepepb. Lini. pip niht ^engean
pealp. LV. Pip pam pp men beo fio heapob panne
gehlenceb. LVL PiS pam pp men nelle meltan hip
mete. LVII. Pip pip gemseblan. LVIII. pip peonbep
coftunja. lviiii. Pip peo^ penne pp he fie men on
cneope oppe on oppum lime. LX. be pam hu mon
pcyle eap pealpe pypcean.

. lxi. pip selp cynne pealp *j pip niht jenjan . *j

1 Read on.

9 xli. is omitted in MS.

3 Read Seftcce.

4 xliiii. is omitted in MS.

LEECH BOOK. III. 303

the head and bone be broken, and in case the shoulder Book III.

rise by dislocation, and a good wound drink, and if a

broken bone be in the head and will not come away.

34. For tear by a hound, and if sinews be cut through,

and in case sinews be shrunken. 35. For the bite of

the gangwayweaving spider. 36. For cancer. 37. In

case a woman may not kindle a child, and if, after the

birth, that which is natural will not come away from a

woman ; and in case there be a dead bairn in a woman,

and in case a woman bleed too much after the birth.

38. In case womens natural catamenia be stopped, and

in case the natural catamenia flow too freely. 39. A

smearing, and an onlaying, and a fomentation, and a

salve against a boring worm. 40. In case a man be a

lunatic. 41. A drink and a salve for all temptations

of the fiend. For the same, and how one must treat a

deranged man ; and how a man shall work a spew

drink for those that have diarrhoea. 42. In case a

strong dose lodge in a man and will not come away.

43. Against a- drink of poison. 44. Against lice. 45.

In case a thorn, or a reed, prick a man in the foot,

and will not be got rid of. 4G. Against imminutions

and all pain of eyes. 47. Against palsy, if the mouth

be awry or livid, a leechdom and a fomentation, and

a bath salve, and ley and bloodletting. 48. Drink and

fomentation for "fig" dieease. 49. For pain of shoulder

blade and arms. 50. For sore of knees. 51. For sore

of feet. 52. In case thou be not able to bind up a

bloodletting incision. 53. In case milk is turned sour.

54. A salve against night comers, ineubi, etc. 55. In

case a mans skull is "linked/* or seems to feel bound

round. 56. In case a mans meat will not digest. 57.

Against womens prating. 58. Agaiust temptations of

the fiend. 59. Against a "dry" wen, if a man hath

it on his knee or on another limb. 60. Of this ; how

a man must work an earsalve. 61. A salve against

the elfin race and night goblins, and for the women,

304 L^lCE BOC.

fain monnum J?e beopol mib ha3mo\ lxii. pi]? aslp
able lsecebom *j ept hu mon pceal on J?a pypte pmgan
sep hi mon nime *j ept hu mon pceal ]?a pypta bon
unbeji peopob *j opep fm^an • -j ept tacnu be ]?am
hpa3]?ep hit fie aalp pojo]?a *j tacn hu ]>u ongitan
meant hpa3]?ep. hine mon maag jelacnian *j bjiencaf -j
jebebu pi]? selcpe peonbep coftunge. lxiii. Tacnu hu
J?u meaht onptan hpse]?ep mon fie on psetep. selp able-
y lsecebom pi]? j?am ^j jealbon on zo fmganne «j f lice
mon maaj finnan on punba. lxiiii. tyrS beople h]?e
bnenc • *j ungemynbe • «j pi]? beoplef cofcunga. LXV.
fol. in a. pi]? ]?on gip mon fie gegymeb *j tacnu hpse]?en he
libban mseje. lxvi. bpenc pi]? J?am jip ]?eop. fie on
men. LXVII. J7iJ> beople feoce «j pi]? beople. lxviii.
Pi J? peben heopte leoht bjienc. LVIIII. PiJ? J?am * gip
men fie maga afupob *j po^J?unben • *j pi]? majan
paspce • -j gip man bi]? a]?unben. LXX. pi]? pambe
paspce • *j pi]? magan paajice • *j pi]? pambe heapbneppe.
LXXI. piS fpjunje fmininj <j fealp. LXXII. Pi]? attpe
bpenc <j fmijung. lxxiii. Pi]? ]?a3pe geolpan able.
lxxiiii. pi]? j?am £ip mnelpe fi ute. lxxv. pi]?
relcpe mnan untpymneppe <j pi]? hepijneppe -j pi]?
hleonblsece. LXXVI. be ]?am hu man fcyle halije
pealpe pyjicean.

.1.

J?i]? ]?on ]?e mon on heapob ace • genim mo]?o-
peap.be ppsette bo on peabne ppseb bmbe f heapob mib.
Pi]? ]?on llcan • mm fenepep pasb «j pubun gepnb on ele
bo on hat paatep ]?peah jelome j? heapob on j?am pgetjie
he bi]? hal. ])i)> ealbum heapob ece genim bpeopje

] J7i>a, MS.

Contents.

LEECH EOOK. III. 305

with whom the devil hath commerce. G2. Against elf Book irr.
disease, a leechdom ; and again, how one must sing
upon the worts, ere one take them ; and again, how
one must put the worts under the altar, and sing over
them ; and again tokens of this, whether it be elf
hicket, and tokens how thou mayst understand, whether
one may cure the man ; and drinks and prayers against
every temptation of the fiend. 63. Tokens how thou
mayst understand whether a man be in the water elf
disease, and a leechdom for that, and a charm to be
sung upon it, and that ilk may be sung over wounds.
G4. A lithe or soft drink against the devil, and want
of memory, and against temptations of the devil. 65,
In case a man be overlooked, and tokens whether he
may live. GO. A drink in case the " dry " disease be
on a man. G7. For the devil sick or demoniac, and
against the devil. 68. A light drink against the wild
heart. 69. In case a mans maw be soured and dis-
tended ; and against pain of the maw, and if a man
be inflated. 70. For pain of the wamb, and for pain
of the maw, and for hardness of the wamb. 71. Against
carbuncle ; an ointment and a salve. 72. A drink and
smearing against venom. 73. For the yellow disease,
jaundice. 74. In case the bowels be out. 75. For
every inward infirmity, and for heaviness, and for cheek
blotch. 76. Of this, how a man must make a holy
salve.

i.

In case a man ache in the head ; take the nether-
ward part of cross wort/ put it on a red fillet, let him
bind the head therewith. For that ilk, take seed of
mustard and rue, rub into oil, put into hot water, wash
the head often in the water, the man will be hale,
For an old head ache, take pennyroyal, boil in oil, or

1 Galium cruciatum.
VOL. II. U

306 L/ECE BOC.

bpoftlan pyl on ele ofroe on butpan fraine mib l ]?a
Jmnpongan *j bupan ];am eajum on upan ty heapob
];eah him fie gemynb oncypped he bij> hal. pi]? fpij?e
fol. nib. ealbum heapob ece mm pealt *j puban *j ipig cpop cnua
ealle to pomne 2 bo on hunig *j fmijie mib J?a Jmnpan-
jan • -j J?one hnipel «j upan f heapob. To J)on llcan
pec lyfcle ftanaf on fpealpan bpibba magan -~\ healb f
hie ne hpman eop]?an ne psetpe • ne o]?pum fcanum
bepeopa hipa . ill. on ]?on ]?e J>u pille bo on ]?one fiion
]?e him )?eapp fie him hip pona pel • hi beoj? gobe pi]>
heapob ece *j pi]> eagpsopce <j pij> peonbep cofcunga «j
mhtgengan • *j lencten able *j mapan *j pyptpopbope •
-j malfcpa » *j yplum gealbo^ cpseptum • hit fculon beon
rnicle bpibbap )?e jm hie pcealt on pmban • gip mon on
healp heapob ace gecmia puban fpi};e bo on ftpang eceb
-j fmipe mib p heapob upan pihte. pij? J>on llcan abelp
pegbpseban butan lfene sep funnan upgange bmb pa
mopan ymb f heapob mib ppsote peabe ppasbe pona
htm biS pel.

.II.

Pi)? afpollenum eagum gemm cucune hpepn3 abo
]?a eagan op *j ept cucune gebpmj on psetpe *j bo ]?a
eagan ]?am men on fpeopan J?e him peapp pie he bi]?
pona hal. Jtypc jobe eagpealpe Nim cele]?onian «j
bipceop pypt • pepmob • pubu mepce • pubu bmbep
leap • bo ealpa empela cnupa pel bo on tranig • *j on
pni • *j on ssjien past o$Se on cypepen bo rprebe ];sep
fol. 112 a. pmep • -j J?pibban bsel ]>gep humgep bo f pe pseta maeje
pup]?um opep yp.nan ]?a pypta ]ast ftanban .VII. mht
<j ppeoh mib bpebe afeoh ]mph clasnne ela]? Sone bpenc
bo ept on f lice pset nyfcta fpa ]?e J?eapp pie. Se mon

1 The MS. has a stop after mib. 3 Nearly as Marcellus, col, 269 f.

2 rome, MS. I

LEECH BOOK. III. 307

in butter, .smear therewith the temples, and over the Ti0°k HI.

eyes, and on the top of the head ; though his intellect

be deranged, he will be hale. For a very old head

ache ; take salt and rue, and a bunch of ivy berries,

pound all at once, add honey, and therewith smear the

temples, and the forehead, and the top of the head.

For that ilk ; seek in the maw of young swallows for

some little stones, and mind that they touch neither

earth, nor water, nor other stones ; look out three of

them ; put them on the man, on whom thou wilt, him

who hath the need, he will soon be well. They are

good for head ache, and for eye wark, and for the fiends

temptations, and for night goblin visitors, and for

typhus, and for the night mare, and for knot, and for

fascination, and for evil enchantments by song. It must

be big nestlings on which thou shalt find them. If a

man ache in half his head, pound rue thoroughly, put

it into strong vinegar, and smear therewith the head,

right on the top. For that ilk ; delve up way broad

without iron, ere the rising of the sun, bind the roots

about the head, with crosswort, by a red fillet, soon

he will be well.

ii.

For swollen eyes, take a live crab, put his eyes out,
and put him alive again into water, and put the eyes
upon the neck of the man, who hath need ; he will soon
be well. Work a good eye salve thus; take celandine
and bishop wort, wormwood, wood marche, leaves of
woodbind ; put equal quantities of all, pound them well,
put them into honey, and into wine, and into a brazen
vessel, or. a copper one ; put in of the wine two parts
in three, and a third part of the honey, order it so
that the liquor may just overrun the worts; let it
stand for seven nights, and wrap it up with a piece
of stuff; strain the drink through a clean cloth, put it
again into that ilk vessel, use as occasion may be.

u 2

308 L.ECE EOC.

pe him jebej? ymb .xxx. mhta poxep jelynbep bve\
on ];a eazan. he bi]? ece hal ;

gip mifc pie pope eapim mm cilbep hlonb «j hunigep
fceap menj topomne bejea empela frmpe mib J?a eajan
Innan ;

6pt hpepnep jeallan *j leaxep *j elep *j pelb beon
liumj menj to pomne fmipe mib paejie pealpe mnan J?a
cajan ;

pi]? phe jebaBjmeb pealt »j fpejlep reppel *j attpum
ealjia empela 5111b to bufte *j bo on ]>a eajan Jjpeah
leohtlice mib pylle pretpe *j fmijie septep mib pipep
meolce ;

Tip )>ypmap fien on eaium pceappa pa bpsepap mnan
bo on ba pceappan cele]?onian peap • pa pypmaf bio]?
beabe *j ]?a eaxan bale. Tip plsepc on eajum peaxe
PJ11115 pypm pypte on pa eajan 0]; f lnm pel pie.

Tip on eagan peaxen peabe fponje bpype on hat
culppan blob oppe fpealpan oSSe pipep meoluc op ]> pa
fponje apej pynb. Tip eajan tyjien mm bpije puban
•j hunijep teap menj tofomne la3t ftanban .III. mht
fol. 112 b. appinj puph jncne cla^ lmenne ^ bo on pa eajan
pppan, Pypc ;$obe bpige fcabe fealpe mm fpeglep
seppel «j ^ebaspneb pealt «j pipo^ *j attpum ^j hpit
cpubu jegmb to bufre apipfc puph cla$ bo lytlum on.
6pt hpit cpubu «j Teba3pneb ofcep pcyl gmb to bufce
•j nytta fpa pe peapp fie sejpep nisei, abon phe op
eagan. Pypc fmepe eajpealpe mm butepan pyl on
pannan apleou jJ pam op «j ahlyttpe pa butepan on
blebe bo ept -]5 hluttpe on pannan jeciiua celepoman

LEECH LOOK. III.

309

The man who putteth upon his eyes for about thirty Book III.
nights, part of the suet of a fox, he will be for ever
healthy.

2. If there be a mist before the eyes, take a child's
urine and virgin honey, mingle together of both equal
quantities, smear the eyes therewith on the inside.

3. Again, mingle together a crabs gall,1 and a sal-
mons, and an eels, and field bees honey, smear the
eyes inwardly with the salve.

4. Against a white spot in the eye; rub to dust
burnt salt, and s wails apple, and olusatrum, of all equal
quantities, rub to dust, and put on the eyes, wash
lightly with spring water, smear afterwards with
womans milk.

5. If there are worms in the eyes, scarify the lids
within, apply to the scarifications the juice of celan-
dine ; the worms will be dead and the eyes healthy.
If flesh wax on eyes, wring wormwort into the eyes,
till they are well.

G. If red sponges wax on the eyes, drop on them
hot culvers blood, or swallows, or womans milk, till the
sponges be got rid of. If eyes are bleared, take dry
rue and virgin honey, mingle together, let it stand for
three nights, wring through a thick linen cloth, and
afterwards apply to the eyes. Work a good dry salve
for dim vision thus : take swails apple, and burnt
salt, and pepper, and olusatrum, and mastich ; rub
to dust, sift through a cloth, apply by little and
little. Again, reduce to dust mastich, and burnt
oyster shell, and use as need be ; either hath power
to remove white spot from the eyes. Work a
smooth eyesalve thus; take butter, boil in a pan,
skim the foam off, and purify the butter in a dish;
put the clear part again into a pan ; pound celandine

1 " Corvi marini fcl." Marcellus,
col. 277. F. If that passage were
in view, this fish would he the

mullet, Muyil cefalus : hut I follow
the passage in Wanley, p. lG8a.
Haeyepn is another spelling.

310 KECE boc.

•j bifceop pypt • pubu mepce • pyl fpi]?e apeoh ]?uph
claS nyfcta fpa ]?e ]?eapp fie ;

.ill.

pij? eap psepce genim henne gelynbo *j ofcep pcylle
pete on gleba gepypm hpon <j bpyp on J>a eapan fona
beoS hale ; 6pt celenbpan 1 peap *j pipep meoluc jepypm
on pcylle *j bpyp on ]?a eapan • jip pypmaf pien on
eapan bo belenan peap peapm on j?a pypmaf hie beo]?
beabe <j peallaS op *j ]?a eapan hale.

Gpt ppmg cupmeallan peap on op]?e mapubian oS3e
pejimob peapmne Sona him bi5 j*el. Pypc gobe eaji
pealpe • genmi bapep geallan • <j peappef • *j ele ealpa
empela laet bpypan peapm on f eape.

.mi.

fol. ii3a. p^ ^qJ, ece ceop pipop gelome mib fain tojram

him bi}> pona pel. 6pt peo$ beolenan mopan on
icpangurn ecebe o)?]?e on pine pete on ]?one papan to]?
*j hpilum ceope mib ]?y papan cope he bi(5 hal. gip J?a
tej? fynb hole ceop bo]?enep2 mopan mib ecebe on J?a
healpe.

.V.

Pi]? mnan tobjiocenum mu@e mm plum tpeopep leap
pyl on pme *j i'pile mib ]?one muj? :•

.VI.

VrS ceoc able mm |?one hpeoppan ]?e pip mib
lpmnaS bmb on hip fpeopan mib pyllenan }>pa3be -j

1 Head celej^enian.

- bogener, with £e dotted, and J>e written above, MS.

LEECH BOOK. III. 311

and bishopwort, wood marche, boil thoroughly, strain Book J11*
through a cloth; use as need may be.

111.

1. Against earwark ; take a hens fat and oyster
shells, set them on gledes, warm a little, and drip into
the ears, soon they will be hale. Again, warm juice of
coriander {celandine rather f) and womans milk in a
shell, and drop them into the ears. If worms be in
the ears ; apply juice of henbane warm, to the worms,
they will be dead and fall off, and the ears will be
well.

2. Again, wring juice of centaury upon them, or
marrubium, or wormwood warm ; soon they will be
well. Work a good earsalve thus : take a boars and
a bulls gall, and oil, of all equal quantities, have this
dropped warm into the ear.

iv.

For tooth ache ; chew pepper frequently with the
teeth, it will soon be well with them. Again, seethe
henbane roots in strong vinegar or in wine, set this
into the sore tooth, and at whiles chew with the sore
tooth ; it will be well. If the teeth are hollow, chew
rosemary roots with vinegar on that part.

v.

For a mouth troubled with eruption within ; take
leaves of plum tree, boil in wine, and swill the mouth
therewith.

vi.

For cheek disease, take the whorl, with which a
woman spinneth, bind on the mans neck with a
woollen thread, and swill him on the inside with hot

*3 I 4?

12 LMCE LOC.

i'pile mnaii mib hate gate meolce him bi]? pel. ]?io
ceol peepce abelp ieji funnan Cipganje pegbpseban bmb
on hip fpeojian. Gjft baejin fpealpan to bui'te • *j meng
pi]> pelbbeon hunij pele him ctan gelome.

.VII.

]?i]> heal}' paepce pyl neo]?epeapbe netelan 011 oxan
fmeppe *j on butepan J?onne 1 ]?one healfpsepc lmipe 6a
J?eoh • gip J>a J?eoh paepce fmipe pone healp mib |?aepe
pealpe. Gpfc pyl ni]?epeapbe net elan on ecebe bo oxan
geallan on ]> eceb <j ba pypte op fmipe mib pone
healp.

.VIII.

fol. 113 b. Vi]> bite pypc pealpe • nun J»ap pypte papenan *j

mejil'c mealpan «j attoplapan *j peopobenb *j hpephpet-
tan *j chippy pit *j figel hpeoppan • limb heolopan •
mucgpypt • pubu pillan • japchpan • ppsettc • lupel'rice •
majepan • jijjconn • pab • pmul • ]?epan J?opn • pclprete •
eopopjrpote • cicena mete • bulhpune • pylifc mojui •
hunt beamep leap • nsep • geappe • hope • hoc leap •
alexanbpe • pica peppca • 2 fe pula pejunob • fio gpeafce
banpypfc • acleap • pegbpsebe • gpunbe fpelge • jieab
clreppe • leahtjnc • bupe piltel • tajui • hege chpe • clup
J:ung • engliyc mopu • bynije.

.Villi.

pi]? hpolban pyl mapubian on paatpe gobne bsel ge-
fpet hpon pele bpmcan pcenc pul.8 6pt majmbian fpi'ce
pyl on hunige bo hpon butepan on pele .111. fnseba
o]?J?e .nil. etan on neaht neptig bepup lcenc pulne mib
peapmep Jjsej* seppan bpencep.

' Head Ponne jn'8 pone. | J rcenc is masc. Head pulne.

8 A stop after jica in MS.

LEUCH BOOK. III. 313

-oats milk; it will be well with him. For jowl pain; B™k 1IL

O . l_ll. VI.

delve up waybroad before the rising of the sun, bind

upon the mans neck. Again, burn a swallow to dust,

and mingle him with field bees honey ; give the man Apis silvarom.

that to eat frequently.

vn.

For neck pain ; boil the netherward part of nettle
in fat of ox and in butter, then for the hals wark,
smear the thighs ; if the thighs be in pain, smear the
neck with the salve. Again, boil the netherward part
of nettle in vinegar, add ox gall to the vinegar and
remove the wort ; smear the neck therewith.

vin.

For cancer, work a salve ; take these worts, savine,
and marsh mallow, and attorlothe, and withywind,
and cucumber, and clovewort, or ranunculus, and
turnsol, hindheal, mugwort, wild chervil, agrimony,
cross wort, lovage, may the, githcorn, woad, fennel, tufty
thorn, wildoat, everthroat, chickenmeat, pellitory, carot,
leaves of the nut tree, nepeta cattaria, yarrow, hove,
hollyhock, alexanders, vinca pervinca, or 'periwinkle,
the foul wormwood, the great bone wort, oak leaves,
waybroad, groundsel, red clover, lettuce, tufty thistle,
tar, hedge clivers, doffing, wild parsnip, * * * *

IX.

For host or cough ; boil marrubium in water, a good
deal of it, sweeten a little, give the man to drink a
cup full. Again, boil marrubium strongly in honey,
add a little butter, give three or four bits for the man
to eat ; at night fasting let him sup up a cup full of
the former drink warm therewith.

<3

14 LyECE EOC.

.X.

Vij? ]?on J?e mon blobe hpsece ^j fpipe • gerimi job
bepen mela • <j hpit peak bo on peam oJ?J?e jobe plete
hpep on blebe op f hit fie J?icce ipa J>ynne Lpip pele
fol. 114a. efcan .villi, pnseba .villi, mopjenaf on1 neaht neptig •
bo ]?sep melupep tpsebe <j ]?aep pealtef J?pibban bsel pypc
yelce baage mpne.

.XL

J?i]? feonbum geallan ete pa3bic <j pipo^ on neaht
neptij • *j apylleb linpaeb on meolce fupe mib 2 bo ]?up
jelome him bij> j'ona pel.

.XII.

VrS ]?sepe geolpan able lio cymS op feonbum jeallan
jenim J?sep pceappan ]?iftlep mopan *j betomcan • «j at-
topla]?an hanb pulle • «j jyj^pipan hanb pulle *j .villi,
fnseba nio]?opeapbe eepcJ?potan op jeot mib ftpangan
beope • oJ>J?e mib fcpangum ealaS «j bpmce gelome pele
him etan jepyptobne henpugel «j jepobenne capel on
gobum bpoSe bo J?up gelome him bij> fona pel.

Pypc gobne bufu bpenc yip J?sepe geolpan able • mm
mepcep ya&b ♦ *j pmolep yseb • bile yseb • eopopJ>potan
fseb • pelbmopan fseb • preplan yseb • petoppihan yseb •
alexanbpan fsBb lupefticep yeab • betomcan fseb • caulep
ysdb • coftep pseb • cymenep pseb • *j pipopep msept
J?apa oSeppa empela jejnib ealle pel to bufte mm J?gep
fol. 1Mb. bufte]* gobne cuclep pulne bo on fupang hluttop eala
bpmce fcenc pulne on neaht nepfcig • he lp job yip
selcpe liraan untpumneppe *j yip heapob ece <j pij? un-

1 Unless niopSenaf, morrows, can be taken in the sense of successive
days, on must be omitted. Observe, a new page begins.
'-' In margin hepto.

LEECH BOOK. III. 315

X Book III.

Ch. x.

In case a man hreak up and spew blood ; take good
barley meal, and white salt, put it into cream or good
skimmings, agitate in a dish, till it be as thick as
thin brewit, give the man to eat, nine doses for nine
mornings after his nights fast : apply of the meal two
parts in three, and of the salt a third part ; prepare
it every day new.

xi.

For bile straining out ; let the patient eat radish
and pepper at night fasting, and let him sup besides
linseed boiled in milk ; do this frequently ; it will
soon be well with him.

xii.

1. For the yellow disease, jaundice, which cometh
of effusion of bile ; take roots of the sharp thistle, and
betony, and a handful of attorlothe, and a handful of
githrife, and nine bits of the netherward part of ash-
throat, pour them over with strong beer, or with
strong ale, and let him drink this frequently : give
him to eat a pullet dressed with herbs, and colewort
sodden in good broth ; do this frequently, soon it will
be well with him.

2. Work thus a good dust drink for the yellow
disease. Take seed of marche, and seed of fennel, seed
of dill, seed of everthroat, seed of fieldmore, seed of
satureia, savory, seed of parsley, seed of alexanders,
seed of lovage, seed of betony, seed of colewort, seed
of costmary, seed of cummin, and of pepper most, of
the others equal quantities ; rub all well to dust, take a
good spoon full of the dust, put it into strong clear
ale, let the man drink a cup full at night fasting.
This drink is also good for every ailment of limb, and
for head ache, and for want of memory, and for eye

Q

16 L.ECE BOC.

jemynbe «j pi]? ea^psepce <j pi]? ungehypneppe <j bpeofc
psepce *j Iimgen able «j lenben psepce • *j pi]? aelcpe
peonbep cofbimja jepypc ]?e buft jenoh on hsejijefce
]?onne ]?u ]?a pypta hsebbe nytta }?onnc ]?e feapp fie.

.XIII.

piS bpeofcpsepce mapubie ■ nepte • onfcpe bifceop
pyjit • penpyp'c • pyl on hunige *j butepan bo J»sep
humgef tpsebe • *j ]?sepe butejian ]?pibban basl nytta
fpa ]?e ];eapp fie.

.XIIII.

V1J3 hpofuan *j lunjen able • gemm fpeglef seppel *j
fpepl *j pecelf ealpa empela meng pi]? peaxe lege on
hatne fuan bpiiic ]?nph hojin ];one pec *j ete aeptep
ealbep fpicep .ill. fnseba obSe bufcpan *j fupe mib
plefcum ; PiJ? lunjen able • genim beconican • «j majiu-
bian • ajpimonian • pepmob • pel teppe • pnbe . acpinb •
gagollan • pyl on paeepe • bepyl ]?sep psstepef ]?pibban
bsel» bo op ]?a pypfce bpmce on mopgenne peapmep
fcenc pulne ere .III. fnseba mib ]?a?p bpipep ]?e hep
gepfcep leg]; :•

fol. H5a. Vy\w bpip pi]? lunjen able mm betonican • «j mapu-

bian • pepmob • hmbheolo]?an • penpyp'c nio]?opeapb •
elehtpe • elene • psebic • eopo^J?pote • pelbmope • gecnna
ealle fpipe pel <j pyl on butepan *j apping Jrnph claS
pceab on ])' pop bepen mela hpep on blebe butan pype
o]? ]? hit fie fpa ]?icce fpa bpip ete . ill. fnseba • mib
]?y bpence peapmef.

6pt pyl on hunige an um mapubian bo hpon bepen
mela to ete on neaht neptij «j ]?onne ] u him pelle

LEECH BOOK. III. 317

wark, and for dull hearing, and for breast wark, and Book III.
lung disease, loin wark, and for every temptation of
the fiend. Work thyself dust enough in harvest, when
thou hast the worts, use it when thou hast need.

xm.

For pain of breast ; marrubium, nepeta, ontre, bishop-
wort, wenwort, boil in honey and butter; put two
parts in three of the honey, and of the butter a third
part; use as need may be.

xiv.

For host, or cough, and lung disease ; take swails
apple, and brimstone, and frankincense, of all equally
much, mingle with wax, lay on a hot stone, let the
man swallow the reek through a horn, and afterwards
eat three pieces of old lard or of butter, and sip this
with cream. For lung disease ; take betony, and mar-
rubium, agrimony, wormwood, fel terrae or centaury,
rue, oak rind, sweet gale ; boil them in water, boil off
a third part of the water, remove the worts ; let the
man drink in the morning of this warm a cup full,
let him eat therewith three pieces of the brewit that
is here afterwards mentioned.

2. Work thus a brewit for lung disease ; take betony,
and marrubium, wormwood, hind heal,1 the lower part
of wen wort, lupin, helenium, radish, ever throat, field-
more ; pound all thoroughly well, and boil in butter,
and wring through a cloth ; shed on the decoction barley
meal, shake it in a dish without fire till it be as thick
as brewit ; let him eat three pieces, with the drink
of the warm liquor.

3. Again, boil in honey alone, marrubium, add a little
barley meal, let the man eat at night fasting ; and when

1 Eupatorium qannabinum.

31.8 L^ECE BOG

bpenc oSSe bpip pele him hatne <j lset gepeftan ]?one
man reptep tibe1 bsegef on J?a fpiSpan fiban <j hapa J?one
eajim a]?eneb.

.xv.

PiJ? majan psepce pyl pic on en meolce abo f pic
op pupe hpon peapm pona bij? pel. pi]? ajrunbeneppe *j
[jip]2 men nelle myltan hip mete pyl on pjetepe
polleian *j leac cepfan pele bpmcan lnm bi]? fori a
pel;

.XVI.

Vi]? milte psepce enna jpene pealhpmbe feo5 on
hunige anum pele him etan .III. mseba on neaht
neptig.

.XVII.

DiJ? lenben psepce mapnbie . nepte . bojen em pela
ealpa bo on 30b ealn pypc to bpence fpet hpon pele
bpmcan liege uppeapb septep ]?on jobe hpile.

.XVIII.

fol. 115 b. p^? pambe psepce ^ pypel psspce j:sep ]m gefeo topb

pipel on eoppan tip peoppan ymbpo lime mib tpam
hanbum mib hip jepeoppe papa mib ]?mnm hanbnm
fpi]?e *j cpe$ J;pipa • Remebium pacio ab nentpip bolopem.
peopp ]?onne opep bsec ]?one pipel on pe^ebehealb f
]?n ne locije aejpeep • ]?onne monnef pambe pgepce oS5e
nyple ymbpoh mib ]?mum hanbum ]?a pambe him bi]?

1 Thus MS. J '2 Sir not in MS.

LEECH BOOK. TIL

319

thou givest him drink or brewit, give it him hot ; and Book III.
make the man rest after an hour, by day, on the right
side, and have the arm extended.

xv.

For pain in the maw ; boil pitch in cow milk, re-
move the pitch, let him sip a little warm, soon the
man will be well. For distention, and if a mans
meat will not digest ; boil in water pulegium and leek
cress,1 give this to the man to drink, soon it will be
well with him.

xvi.

For milt pain ; pound green sallow rind, seethe in
honey alone, give the man to eat three pieces at night

fasting.

xvn.

For loin wark ; marrubium, nepeta, thyme, of all
equal quantities, put into good ale ; work to a drink,
sweeten a little, give to the man to drink ; let him
lie with face up afterwards for a good while.

xviii.

For wamb wark and pain in the fatty part of the
belly ; when thou seest a dung beetle 2 in the earth
throwing up mould, catch him with thy two hands
along with his casting up, wave him strongly with
thy hands, and say thrice, " Remedium facio ad ventris
" dolorem ; " then throw the beetle over thy back away ;
take care thou look not after it. When a mans wamb
or belly fat is in pain, grasp the wamb with thine

1 Erysimum alliaria.

2 Our Saxon must have had Tal-
pam, or 'AcnrdKaKa before him in

this sentence ; but he names the
Scarabaus stercorarius.

320 LiECE BOC.

pona pel • XII. monap pu meaht fpa bon reptep fam
pipele

XVIIII.

Vip blaebbep prepce. ]?udu mejice • *j leaccepfe pyl
fpipe on ealao" pele bpmcan *j etan jebprebne fbasp.

.XX.

Qip man ne nigeje gemigan «j lnm peaxan franap on
psepe blpebpan pyl iunbcopn on ealatS «j petepfdian pele
lnm bpmcan.

.XXI.

Grip men fie pe utganj poppeten pyl pepmob on
pnpnm ealap «j bo butepan pa?p to him bip fona pel
jtp he hit bpmcp.

.XXII.

Pip utpiht able • V. leapan • hleomoce • cnpmealle •
elehtpe. Tecnua pa pypta • *j pyl on meolce pele him
fol. ii6a. bpmcan peapm on mojigenne ^ on sepen ; Pypc bpip
to pon ilcan pnbu cunellan • hleomoc • bepyl papa
meolce ppibban brel plepe pyjite op pam meolcum l
pceab hpreten mela prep on <j ete pone bpip cealbne •
*j pupe pa meoluc him bi<5 pona pel gip pe bpip *j fe
bpenc mne gepuniab pu meant pone man gelacnian
jip him 6ppleoje«S him biS pelpe *p pu lime na ne
gpete him bip hi]* peoph abl jeten^e.

. XXIII.

Qip pypmap beop on mannep mncSe pyl on butepan
jpene puban bpmc 2 on neaht neptrij pcenc ]:ulne hi

1 Head as before bepyl on meolce ob bpibban bael • bo ba pypca oy
bam meolcum.
■ Vowel dropped.

LEECH BOOK. III. 321

hands, it will soon be well with the man; for twelve 5?0111?"*

Ch. xvm.

months after the beetle thou shalt have power so to
do.

xix.

For bladder pain ; wood marche and sauce alone ;
boil them strongly in ale ; administer to drink, and to
eat a roasted starling.

xx.

If a man cannot mie, and stones wax in the bladder ;
boil sundcorns 1 in ale, and parsley ; give him this to
drink.

xxi.

If a mans excrement be lodged ; boil wormwood
in sour ale, and add butter thereto; it will soon be
well with him, if he drinketh it.

xxii.

For diarrhoea ; cinqfoil, brooklime, churmel, lupin ;
pound the worts, and boil them in milk ; give this to
the man to drink warm in the morning and in the
evening. Work thus a brewit for the same : wild
cunila, brooklime ; boil in milk to a third part, remove
the worts from the milk, shed wheaten meal thereon,
and let him eat the brewit cold, and let him sip the
milk, it will soon be well with him. If the brewit
and the drink remain within him, thou mayst cure the
man ; if they flow away, it will be better for him, that
thou should not meddle with him, his death sickness
is upon him.

xxiii.

1. If worms be in a mans inwards ; boil green rue
in butter, let the man drink at night fasting a cup

1 Saxifragia granulata. Prescribed because saxa frangit.
VOL. II. X

322 L^lCE BOC.

gepitaft ealle apeg mib by ufcjanje *j he biS pona
hal ;

To J?on llcan genim cymenep bulb menj to jate
jeallan *j peappep jnib ]?one napolan mib ealle hi gepita]?
m]?ep; op ]?sem meN.

. XXIII1.

PiJ? I16 psepce linj . vim. fijmm j?ip jealbo^ ]?sep
on • *j J?in fpatl lpip on • O^alijnup oblijauit • anjelup
cnpauit* bommup Saluauit- him bi]? pona pel.

To ]?on ilcan jenim culppan topb • -j gate topb bpije
fprSe *j jnib to bufte menj yi\> humj *j pi]? butpan
frmpe mib ]?a leo]?u.

. XXV.

Pi]? peaptum gemm hnnbep micgean *j mupe blob
meng to pomne fmipe mib J?a peapfcan hi gepita]? fona
apej

fol. 116 b. .xxvi.

Pi]? miclan lice genim mo]?opeapbe elenan *j ]?un£ •
•j omppan ]?a ]?e fpimman pile ealpa empela • <j jecnua
pel • ^j pyl on butepan bo pel pealtep on *j fmipe mib.
Pypc biS 1 pi]? ]?am miclan lice • elene • a3lp]?one •
mapubie • cnpmealle • ellen tanaf • «j ac tanap pyl fpiSe
on psetpe <j be]?e on fpi'Se hatum f lie. Pypc bpenc
fift ]?am miclan lice hmbhioloban • cupmeallan • bogen •
nepte« agpimonia* betonica* pmul* bile* bo on 30b
ealo pele bjnncan on ba3je .III. pcencaf pulle. Pypc
bpip pi]? J?on ilcan • jenim nio]?opeapbe elenan • <j eopoji
p>potan • pebic • *j pa neaban netlan nio]?opeajibe fceappa
fmsele <j gecnua pel • pyl pi]?]?an on butepan bo chene
ipij tapan ]?3ep on pp ]?u hsebbe • 'j hpon benenef melpep
bo on blebe mib ]?am pyptum *j hpepi mib fticcan oj?

1 That is, brett.

LEECH BOOK. III. 323

full ; they will all depart away with the evacuation, and Book III.
lie will soon be well. ch- xxiii'

2. For that ilk. Take dust of cummin, mingle it
with goats and bulls gall, rub the navel with them all,
the worms will all disappear from the man downwards.

xxiv.

1. For joint pain ; sing nine times this incantation
thereon, and spit thy spittle on the joint : " Malignus
" obligavit ; angelus curavit ; dominus salvavit." It
will soon be well with him.

2. For that ilk. Take doves dung and a goats tord,
dry them thoroughly and rub to dust, mingle with
honey and with butter, smear the joints therewith.

XXV.

For warts ; take hounds mie, and a mouses blood,
mingle together, smear the warts therewith, they will
soon depart away.

xxvi.

For elephantiasis, take the nether ward part of hele-
nium and aconite, and dock, that namely which will
swim, of all equal quantities, and pound well and boil
in butter, add a good spice of salt, and smear there-
with. Work thus a bath against the mickle body
brought on by leprosy, helenium, enchanters night-
shade, marrubium, churmel, elder twigs, and oak twigs;
boil strongly in water, and bathe the body in it very
hot. Work thus a drink against the mickle body; put
hindheal, churmel, thyme, nepeta, agrimony, betony,
fennel, dill, into good ale ; administer to be drunk in
a day three cups full. Work a brewit for that ilk ;
take the netherward part of helenium and everthroat,
radish, and the netherward part of the red nettle, scrape
them small, and pound them well. Afterwards boil
them in butter; add ivy tar besides if thou have it,
and a little barley meal ; put this on a dish with the

x 2

fol. 117 a.

324 L^CE BOC.

■$ hit col fie pele etan on neaht neptig .ill. fnoeba
pele ]?one bpip ^j ]?one bpenc sep J?am hsepe J?y lsey hit
mplea septep J?am ba]?e.

. XXVII.

Pi)? pmjalum Jmpfce * untpumpa manna • Nim pep-
mob *j hmb hiolo]?an -j gy]?pipan pylle on eala]? jefpete
hpon pele him bpmcan hit haelj? ]?one Jmpfc2 pun-
boplice.

. XXVIII.

J)i]? mnan poptoge s faisel ]?eapma ece • genim beto-
mcan • *j pepmob • mepce • p?ebic • pmul • jecnua ealle*
*j bo on eala fete ]?onne *j beppeoh bpmc on neaht
neptig pcenc pulne.

. XXVIIII.

Vi}> bpyne gip mon fie mib pype ane popba?pneb
mm pubupopan • *j lilian • *j hleomoc pyl on butepan
•j fmipe mib. T?p mon fie mib psetan popbsepneb nime
elm pmbe • *j lilian mopan pyl on meolcum fmipe mib
J^pipa on ba3j. pij> funbpyne • meppe lpig tpigu pyl
on butpan fmipe mib.

. xxx.
pypc gobne <Seop bpenc • pepmob • bojen • japclipan*
polleian • penpypt • J;a fmalan pel teppe • eagpypt •
];eoppypt • ceaftep sepcef . II. fnseba • elenan . III. com-
mucef 3 in. pubu peax an gobne baal • cupmeallan •
gepceappa ]?af pypta on 30b hlutfcop eala oJ>]?e pylifc
ealu last ftanban .III. niht beppijen pele bpmcan
pcenc pulne tibe sep oJ?pum mete. J7iJ? J?eope *j pi]j>
fol. 117b. pceotenbum penne • mm bojen • *j jeappan <j pubu peax

1 bufr, MS.

2 bpfc, MS.

:! Read j-optosennej"j*e "}.

LEECH BOOK. III. o'25

worts, and stir it about with a spoon till it be cool ; Book DX
give the man to eat at night fasting three bits of it ;
give the brewit and the drink before the bath; let it
strike inwards after the bath.

xxvn.

For the constant thirst of ailing men; take worm-
wood, and hind heal, and githrife, boil in ale, sweeten
a little, give to the man to drink, it healeth the thirst
wonderfully.

xxviii.

For inward griping and small guts ache ; take betony,
and wormwood, marche, radish, fennel ; pound all and
put into ale, then set it down and wrap it up ; drink
at night fasting a cup full.

xxix.

For a burn; if a man be burnt with fire only, take
woodruff, and lily, and brooklime ; boil in butter, and
smear therewith. If a man be burnt with a liquid,
let him take elm rind and roots of lily ; boil them in
milk, smear therewith thrice a day. For sunburn ;
boil in butter tender ivy twigs; smear therewith.

xxx.

Work a good " dry " drink for the " dry " disease ;
wormwood, thyme, agrimony, pennyroyal, wenwort,
the small centaury, eyewort, inula conyza, two pro-
portions of black hellebore, three of helenium, eight of
cammock, wood wax, a good deal of it, churmel; scrape
these worts into good clear ale, or foreign ale, let it
stand wrapt up for three nights, give the man a cup
full to drink an hour before other meat. Against the
" dry disease " and against a shooting wen ; take bothen,
and yarrow, and wood wax, and ravens foot, put into

326 LiECE BOC.

-j hpepnep pot bo on job ealu pele bpimcan on bseie
. ill. pcencaf pulle. gip J?eon xepunige on anpe ftope
pypc bejunge mm f ipix, J?e on fcane peaxe ■ *j xeappan •
*j pubu bmbep leap <j cuplyppan gecnua ealle pel lege
on hatne fuan on tpoze geot hpon pastepief on leet
peocan on f lie f>sen J?a3p him ]?eapp pie ]?onne pe col
fie bo ojepne hatne on be]?e fpa gelome him bi]?
fona pel.

. XXXI.

Pypc gobe penpealpe mm pubu mepce* *j hjiepnep
pot • *j pepmob niof>opeapbne • cti plyppan • jiuban •
pubu bmbep leap* lpig leap ]?e on eopj^an pixj)» ]?a clu-
pihtan- penpypt- gecnua ealle- pyl on pammep fmeppe
oJ?)?e on buccan bo J>pibban bsel butepan appmj ]?uph
claj? bo ]?onne gobne fcip fcapan to *j hpep oj? $ hit
col fie.

.XXXII.

Vypc gobe bolh pealpe mm geanpan* *j pubu popan
mo]?opeapbe • pelb mopan • <j nioj^opeapbne pixel hpeoji-
pan pyl on xobpe butepan appmj J>uph claS <j last xe-
fuanban pel selc bolh J?u meaht lacnian mib.

.XXXIII.

Zip mon fie upan on heapob punb *j fie ban xe-

fol. 118 a. bpocen mm pixel hpeojipan • -j hpite ckeppian pifan •

*j pubupopan bo on gobe butpan apeoh puph clao" *j

lacna pi]?]?an. :•

Tip fio eaxl upfuige mm 2 ]?a pealpe bo hpon peapime
mib pej?epe him brS pona pel. Pypc gobne bolh bpenc
mm agpimoman *j pubu popan bo on gob ealo pele
bjuncan xpbne pcenc pulne on neaht neptig. gip ge-

1 ni bo, MS.

LEECH BOOK. III. 327

good ale, give the man to drink three cups full a day : Book ill.
if the "dry disease" remain in one place, work a
fomentation thus; take the ivy, which groweth on
stone, and yarrow, and leaves of woodbind and cow-
slip ; pound all these well, lay them on a hot stone in
a trough, pour a little water upon them, let it reek
upon the body, where need may be ; when the stone is
cool, put another hot one in, foment the man so fre-
quently. It will soon be well with him.

xxxi.

Work a good wen salve thus; take wood marche,
and ravens foot, and the netherward part of worm-
wood, cowslip, rue, leaves of woodbind, ivy leaves, that
ivy which groweth on the earth, the cloved wenwort;
pound them all, boil in rams grease, or in bucks grease,
put a third part of butter, wring through a cloth, then
add good ship tar, and shake till it be cool.

xxxii.

Work a good wound salve thus; take yarrow, and
the nether part of woodruff, fieldmore, and the nether
part of solwherf; boil in good butter, wring through
a cloth, and let it stand. Pretty well every wound
thou mayst cure therewith.

xxxiii.

1. If a man be wounded in his upper quarter, in
his head, and some bone be broken ; take solwherf,
and white clover plants, and woodruff; put into good
butter, strain through a cloth, and so treat the patient.

2. If the shoulder get up out of place, take the
salve, apply a little warm with a feather : it will soon
be well with the man. Work a good wound drink
thus; take agrimony, and woodruff, put them into
good ale, give the man to drink a good cup full, at

328 LiECE BOC.

bjiocen ban fie on heajibe <j op nelle cnua gpene beto-
nican <j lege on f bolh jelome oj? ]5 J?a ban op fyn *j
J> bolh jebatob.

. XXXIIII.

])i]> hunbep plite cnupa pibban leje on f bolh *j
puban pyl on butpan lacna mib f bolh. gip fmpe fyn
popcoppene mm penpypmap gecnupa pel lege on o]? f hi
hale fynb. glp pmpe pien jepcpuncene nime semettan
mib hiopa bebgepibe pyl on psetpe *j be]?e mib <j pece
J>a pmpe geopnhce.

.xxxv.

ViJ» ^ongepippan bite mm henne seg gmb on ealu
hpeap *j pceapep topb mpe fpa he nyte pele him bpmcan
gobne fcenc pulne.

. xxxvi.
PiJ> cancpe mm gate geallan *j hunig meng to
fomne • begea empela bo on ty bolh. To ]?on llcan mpe
hunbep heapob bsepn to ahpan bo on bolh • gip hit
fol. 118 b. nelle J> mm monnef bpogan bpig fplSe gmb to bufte
bo on gip ]?u mib ]?yp ne meant gelacman ne meaht
J?u him 89ppe nahte.

.XXXVII.

T)i]) J?on J?e pip ne msege beapn acenuan • mm pelb
mopan mo)?opeapbe pyl on meolcum *j on peetpe bo
begea empela j'ele etan J?a mopan *j f pop fupan. To
]?on llcan bmb on f pmfcpe ]?eoh up piS f cennenbe
11m mo]?opeapbe beolonan o]?J>e . XII. copn cellenbpan
psebep <j f pceal bon cmht o$8e mseben • fpa f beapn
pie acenneb bo ]?a pypta apeg \y hey f mnelpe utpige.

Ch. xxxiii.

LEECH BOOK. III. 329

night fasting. If there be a broken bone in the head, Book in.
and it will not come away, pound green betony and
lay it on the wound frequently, till the bones come
away and the wound is mended.

xxxiv.

For rending of hound ; pound ribwort, lay it on the
wound, and boil rue in butter, tend the wound there-
with. If sinews are cut through ; take worms, pound
them well, lay on till the sinews be restored. If sinews
be shrunken ; take emmets with their nest, boil them
in water, and beathe therewith, and earnestly reek the
sinews with the vapour.

xxxv.

Against bite of gangwayweaving spider ; take a
hens egg, rub it up raw into ale, and a sheeps tord
new, so that the patient wit it not, give him a good
cup full to drink.

xxx vi.

Against cancer ; take goats gall and honey, mingle
together of both equal quantities, apply to the wound.
For that ilk ; burn a fresh hounds head to ashes,
apply to the wound. If the wound will not give way
to that, take a mans dung, dry it thoroughly, rub to
dust, apply it. If with this thou art not able to cure
him, thou mayst never do it by any means.

xxxvii.

In case that a woman may not kindle a bairn ;
take of fieldmore the nether part, boil it in milk and
in water, apply of both equal quantities, give the roots
to her to eat and the wash to sip. For that ilk.
Bind on her left thigh, up against the kindling limb,
the netherward part of henbane, or twelve grains of
coriander seed, and that shall give a boy a or maiden :
when the bairn is kindled, remove the worts away, lest

330 L^CE BOC.

T^p op pipe nelle gan aaptep ];am beopJ?pe f gecynbelic
fie • feoj?e ealb fpic on psetpe be]?e mib ]?one cpi)? oiSoe
hleomoc oJ?]?e hoccep leap pyl on ealo]? pele bpmcan
hit hat. glp on pipe pie beab beapn pyl on meolce <j
on paetpe hleomoc *j polleian pele bpmcan on beej tupa.
Teopne if to pypnanne beapneacnum pipe f hio aht
fealtep ete ofrSe fpetep oJ>}?e beop bpmce • ne fpmef plaspc
ete ne naht psetep • ne bpuncen gebpmce ne on peg ne
pepe • ne on hoppe to fprbe pibe J?y lsef f beapn op
fol. H9a. hipe fie sep piht tibe. Tip hio1 blebe to fpi]?e a?ptep
j?am beop)?pe moJ>opeapbe clafcan pyl on meolce pele
etan *j fupan ]5 pop.

. XXXVIII.

P1J7 ]?on J?e pipum fie popfcanben hipa mona]? gecynb
pyl on ealaft hleomoc *j tpa cupmeallan pele bpmcan
<j hepe f ptp on hatum ba]?e -j bpmce Jxme bpenc on
J?am ba]?e hapa ]?e sen xepopht clam op beop bpasptan
*j % jpenpe mucgpypte *j mepce • «j op bepene melpe
menj ealle tofomne gehpep on pannan clsem on f
gecynbe lim *j on J?one cpi'S nioJ>opeapbne J?onne hio
op fam bafte gse]? *j bpmce pcenc pulne psep llcan
bpencef2 peapmep *j beppeoh f ptp pel <j lset beon fpa
beclsemeb lange tibe ]?8ep baegef bo fpa tupa fpa J?pipa
fpa3J?ep ]?u pcyle • J>u pcealt fimle }>am pipe bee)? pyji-
cean -j bpenc pellan on ]?a llcan tib . )?e hipe fio jecynb
iBt psepe ahpa J?sep set Jam pipe.

rTp pipe to fpi)?e opplope fio monaS jecynb • genim
nipe hoppep topb lege on hate gleba last peocan fpi]?e

1 hio in MS. follows by lsef ; the scribe having copied from some
older writing in which it had been placed out of the line.

2 fcencef, MS

LEECH BOOK. III.

331

the matrix prolapse. If what is natural will not come
away from a woman after the birth, seethe old lard
in water, bathe the vulva therewith ; or boil in ale
brooklime or hollyhock, administer it to drink hot. If
there be a dead bairn in a woman, boil in milk and
in water brooklime and pulegium, give it her to drink
twice a day. Earnestly must a pregnant woman be
cautioned, that she eat naught salt or sweet, nor drink
beer, nor eat swines flesh, nor aught fat, nor drink to
drunkenness, nor fare by the way, nor ride too much
on horse, lest the bairn come from her before the right
time. If she bleed too much after the birth, boil in
milk the netherward part of clote, give it her to eat,
and the ooze to sip.

Book ill.
Ch, xxxvii.

XXXV1U.

1 . In case mulieribus menstrua suppressa sunt ; boil
in ale brooklime, and the two centauries, give " her " l
this to drink, and beathe " the woman " in a hot bath,
and let her drink the draught in the bath ; have ready
prepared a poultice of beer dregs, and of green mug-
wort, and marche, and of barley meal ; mix them all
together ; shake them up in a pan, apply to the natura,
and to the netherward part of the vulva, when she
goeth off the bath, and let her drink a cup full of the
same drink warm, and wrap up the woman well, and
leave her so poulticed for a long time of the day,2 do
so twice or thrice, whichever thou must. Thou shalt
always prepare a bath and give the potion to the
woman at that ilk tide, at which the catamenia were
upon her ; inquire of the woman about that.

2. Si muliebria nimis fluunt ; take a fresh horses
tord, lay it on hot gledes, make it reek strongly

1 The Saxon text varies the
numbers, plural and singular.

2 By a transposition in the text,

we should get " twice or thrice a
" day."

332 LjECE BOC.

betpeoh ]?a ]?eoh tip unbep ]?a3t hpsegl f pe mon
fpaste fpi]?e.

. XXXVIIII.

fol. 119 b. ViS fmeapypme fmipmg • mm fpmep jeallan <j

pipcep jeallan* ^ hpepnep geallan* <j hapan geallan
menj to pomne fmipe J?a bolh mib blap mib hpeobe on *
f peap on J> bolh cnua ]?onne heopot bpembel leap lege
on ]?a bolh. Pypc bej?inje to ]?on llcan mm sepp pmbe •
*j pip pmbe • epic pmbe • plan ]?opn pmbe • pippmbe • 2
bepc pmbe- cnua ealle3 ]?a pmba pyl on cype hpseje
J)peah mib «j bej?e J> 11m J?e pe pypm on fie • *j septep
J?sepe bejnnje abpig «j fmipe mib ]?sepe pealpe • -j blap
]?a pealpe on ]?a bolh *j lege Sa bpembel leap on bo fpa
on bsege ^pipa on fumepa <j on pmtpa tpipa.

Pypc ]?a blacan pealpe gip ]?e ]?eapp fie • jepamna
]?e fcu ambpu hpyj?pa micjean • *j ambep pulne holen
pmba • *j sepepmba • *j ]?ungep • pylle J^onne on cetele
oJ> ty pe pgeta fie tpaebe on bepylleb abo op J?a pypta
*j ]?a pmba • pyl ept o]? J> hit pie fpa ]?icce fpa molcen
*j fpa fpeapt fpa col fmipe mib pi]?J?an f bolh *j hapa
clam jepopht op mealtep fmebman «j op hpitmg melpe»
-j elehtjian clupa cnua *j jnib topomne pypc to clame

fol. 120 a. pp he fie to bpige bo on bpeopenbe pypt hpon clsem
on ]?a bolh <j utan ymb • pi]?]?an hie jefmypeb fynb
feo pealp pile sepeft J?a bolh pyman 'j f beabe plsepc
opetan -j ]?one fpile aj^psenan «j ]xme pypm )?3ep on
beabne ^ebe]? o]?]?e epicne opbpipS *j J?a bolh gelacnaS. :■

1 6 p reap, MS. 8 elle, MS.

2 pipjnnbe is thus repeated in MS.

LEECH BOOK. III. 333

between the thighs, up under the raiment, that the Book III.

Ch. xxxviii.

woman may sweat much.

xxxix.

1. A smearing for a penetrating worm; take swines
gall, and fishes gall, and crabs gall, and hares gall ;
mingle them together, smear the wounds therewith;
blow with a reed the liquid into the wound ; then
pound hart bramble1 leaves, lay them on the wounds.
Work up a fomentation for that ilk ; take aspen rind,
and myrtle rind, quickbeam rind, sloethorn rind, birch
rind ; pound all the rinds together, boil them in cheese
whey, wash therewith and foment the limb on which
the wound is, and after the beathing dry and smear
with the salve, and blow the salve into the wounds,
and lay on the bramble leaves ; do so thrice a day in
summer, and in winter twice.

2. Work up the black salve, if need be, thus; collect
two buckets of bullocks mie, and a bucket full of holly
rinds, and of ash rind, and of aconite ; then boil in
a kettle till the liquor be boiled to two thirds, remove
the " worts " and the rinds ; boil again till it be as
thick as milk porridge and as swart as a coal ; after-
wards smear the wound therewith, and have a plaster
ready wrought of fine smede of malt, and of whiting
meal, and lupins ; cleave, pound, and rub them together,
work them into a paste ; if it be too dry, add brew-
ing wort, a trifle of it; dab it on the wounds and
round about them. After they are smeared, the salve
will first enlarge the wounds, and eat off the dead
flesh, and soften the swelling, and it will do to
death the worm therein, or drive him away alive,
and will heal the wounds.

Rhamnus.

334

LjECE boc.

.XL.

J/i J? Jpon \e mon fie mona]? peoc mm mepe fpmep pel
pypc to fpipan fpinj mib )?one man pona hrS pel •

amen.

fol. 120 b.

.XLI.

Vypc 2 jobne bjienc pij? eallum peonbef coftunium. •
Nim betonican • bifceop pypt • elehtpan • jy]?pipan •
attopla]?an • pulpep camb • geappan • lege unbep peopb
jefmje .villi. meeppan opep gefceappa ]?a pypta on
lialij psetep. pele bpmcan on neaht neptij pcenc pulne •
*j bo J> halig paBtep on ealne J>one mete J>e pe man
]?icxe. Pypc jobe pealpe pij? peonbep cofcunga • bifceop
pypt • elehtpe • hapan3 fppecel • fcpeapbepian pipe • fio
clupihte penpypt eojiSpima • bpembel aBppel • polleian •
pepmob • gecnua J?a pypta ealle apylle on jobpe
butepan pjunj }>uph cla$ fete unbep peopob pmxe
.Villi, mseppan open • fmipe J?one man mib on J?a ]?un-
ponge • 'j bupan J?am eagum *j upan ^ heapob • -j J?a
bpeoft <j unbep J?am eapmum ]?a fiban. beop pealp
lp 50b pij> selcpe peonbep coftunxa <j solpfibenne <j
lencten able. Tip ]?u pilt lacnian gepitfeocne man
gebo bybene pulle cealbep psetpep bpyp ]?pipa on ]>sey
bpencep • be]?e J?one man on J?am psetpe *j ete pe man
xehaljobne hlap • ^ cype • *j gapleac • <j cpopleac *j
bpmce J?8ep bpencep pcenc pulne *j )?onne he pie
bebafob fmijie mib J?sepe pealpe fpi)?e • *j pij?]?an liim
pel pie pypc him J>onne fprSne bpenc utypnenbum.4
Pypc J?up J?one bpenc mm lybcopnep leap • *j cele)?o-
nian mopan • *j xjsebenan mopan • *j hoccep mopan •
<j ellenep pypttpnman pmbe pyl on ealaS la3t fcanban
neahtepne ahlyttpe ]?onne *j 5 epy pm bo butepan to *j

1 amen is in a different hand.

2 Vpc, MS.

hapa, MS.

Read utypnenbe, for -bne.

LEECH BOOK. III. 335

xl. Book III.

Ch. xl.

In case a man be lunatic ; take skin of a meres wine
or porpoise, work it into a whip, swinge the man
therewith, soon he will be well. Amen.

xli.

Work thus a good drink against all temptations of the
devil. Take betony, bishopwort, lupins, githrife, attor-
lothe, wolfscomb, yarrow ; lay them under the altar,
sing nine masses over them, scrape the worts into holy
water, give the man to drink at night fasting a cup
full, and put the holy water into all the meat which
the man taketh. Work thus a good salve against
temptations of the fiend. Bishopwort, lupin, vipers
bugloss, strawberry plant, the cloved wenwort, earth
rime, blackberry, pennyroyal, wormwood ; pound all the
worts, boil them in good butter, wring through a cloth,
set them under the altar, sing nine masses over them ;
smear the ■ man therewith on the temples, and above
the eyes, and above the head, and the breast, and the
sides under the arms. This salve is good for every
temptation of the fiend, and for a man full of elfin
tricks, and for typhus fever. If thou wilt cure a wit
sick man, put a pail full of cold water, drop thrice into it
some of the drink ; bathe the man in the water, and let
the man eat hallowed bread, and cheese, and garlic, and
cropleek, and drink a cup full of the drink ; and when
he hath been bathed, smear with the salve thoroughly ;
and when it is better with him, then work him a
strong purgative drink. Work the drink thus ; take
leaves of libcorn, and roots of celandine, and roots of
gladden, and root of hollyhock, and rind of root of
elder; boil in ale, let it stand for the space of a night,
then clarify, and warm it, add butter and salt, ad-

33G L^ECE BOO.

pealt pele bpincan. Pypc fpipe bpenc utypnenbne mm
peopeptij lybcojma bepenb pel <j jegnib on mo];opeapbe
celej?onian *j hoccep mopan *j tpa clupe ]?8epe clupehtan
penpypte «j hpephpette nipepeapbe an lytel • «j ham-
pypte mopan mebmicel • jebo ealle ]?a pypta fpi]?e pel
claBne *j jecnua bo on eala beppeoh lset ftanban neah-
fo!. 121 a. tepne pele bpincan pcenc pulne.

.XLII.
Xiy fpiSbpenc on man gepitte *j lie nelle opgan
mm m]?epeapbe cele]?onian • «j lybcopnep leap o]?]?e
apob pyl on ealaS bo butepaD *j pealt to pele bpincan
peapmep pcenc pnlne.

. XLIIT.

PiJ? attpep bpmce feo]> henne *j hoccep leap on
pjBtpe abo ]?one pugel op «j ]?a pypta pele fupan f
bpoS pel jebutepob fpa he hatoft msege • jip he sep
ha3pj> attoji jebpuncen ne bij> him ahte pe pypp pp
he J> bpo^S ]?onne sep fyp^> ne meaht ]?u him J>y bsege
atfco*^ jepellan ;

.XLIIII.

"ViJ? lupum pele him etan gefobenne capel on neaht
neptij jelome he bi|? lupum bepepeb.

.XLV.

Qip J?opn ftmje man on pot o]?J>e hpeob -j nelle
opjan nime nipe sope topb • *j jpene jeappan cnupije
fpi]?e topomne clsem on f bolh fona bij> pel ;

LEECH BOOK. Ill, 337

minister to drink. Work thus a purgative spew drink ; Book in.
take forty libcorns, rend them well, and rub them xllK

small upon the netherward part of celandine and
mallow roots, and two cloves of the cloved wen-
wort, and a little of the netherward part of cucumber,
and a moderate quantity of the root of homewort ;
make all the worts thoroughly well clean, and pound
them; put them into ale, wrap up, let it stand for a
nights space, give the man a cup full to drink.

xlii.

If a strong potion lodge in a man, and will not
come away, take the netherward part of celandine,
and leaves of libcorn or arod,1 boil in ale, add butter
and salt, give to drink a cup full of it warm.

xliii.

For drink of poison ; seethe a hen and leaves of
mallow in water, remove the fowl and the worts,
give the man the broth to sip, well buttered, as hot
as he can take it. If he hath drunken poison before,
it will be none the worse with him. If he suppeth the
broth beforehand thou mayst not that day give him
poison (effectually).

xliv.

Against lice ; give the man to eat sodden colewort
at night fasting, frequently : he will be guarded against
lice.

xlv.

If a thorn or a reed prick a man in the foot, and
will not be gone ; let him take a fresh goose tord and
green yarrow, let him pound them thoroughly together,
paste them on the wound, soon it will be well.

1 Aron ?
VOL. II. Y

338 LyECE BOC.

.XLVI.

PiJ) fepmselum • *j pi]) eallum eagna psepce • ceop
pulpep comb pping }>onne Jmph hsepenne claS pyllerme
on J?a eajan J> peap on mht Jwmne he pepfcan pille *j
on mopgen bo a3jep f hpite J?asp on.

.XLVII.

Vi]? lypt able jip pe nm<5 pie poh o]?]?e pon • mm
fol. 121 h. cellenbpan gmb on pipep meolce bo on f hale eape him
bi]? pona pel. 6pt mm cellenbpan abnig gepypc to
bufce gemeng J> bnft pij? pipep meoluc ]?e psepneb pebe
apjunj Jmph haepenne cla^S <j fniipe >p hale ponge mib
*j kjiype on f eaPe pseplice- P.YPC ]>onne bepmge •
genim bpembel pmbe *j elm nmbe • aspc pinbe • ylah-
]?opn nmbe apulbon jnnbe • ipig pmbe • ealle ]?ap
nioj?opeanbe <j hpenhpettan • fmepu pyptt • eopop peapn •
elene • selp]?one • betomce • mapnbie • pebic • agpi-
monia gefceappa ]?a pypta on cetel <j pyl fprSe • J?onne
lnt fie fpij>e gepylleb bo op J?am pype «j pete «j jepyjic
J?am men petl opep ]?am citele *j beppeop "Sone man
mib p pe 8e]?m ne maege tit nahpasp butan he meeje
jee];ian • bej>e lime mib Juppe be]?mge ]?a hpile J>a he
msege apsepnan. JDapa him J?onne o]?en bse]? jeana •
genim semet beb mib ealle • }>apa }?e hpilum pleoga^
beoj? peabe • pyl on pascne be]?e lime mib • ongemet-
hatum, Pypc him J;onne pealpe mm asleep J?apa
oynnep pypta pyl on butepan fmipe mib J>a papan
hmu hie cpiciaj? pona. Pypc him leage op ellen ahpan
ppeah hip heapob mib colne him bij> pona bet • *j pe
man Isete him blob gelce mon]>e on .v. mhfca ealbne
monaii *j on piptyne *j on . xx.

LEECH BOOK. III. 339

xlvi. Book III.

Ch. xlvi.

For imminutions,1 and for all pain of the eyes ; chew
wolfscomb, then wring the ooze through a purple cloth
upon the eyes, at night, when the man has a mind to
rest, and in the morning apply the white of an egg.

xlvii.

For pals}^ if the mouth be awry or livid, rub cori-
ander in womans milk, put it into the sound ear, it
will soon be well with the man. Again, take coriander,
dry it, work it to dust, mingle the dust with milk of
a woman, who brought forth a male, wring through a
purple cloth, and smear the sound cheek therewith, and
drip it on the ear warily. Then work a fomentation ;
take bramble rind, and elm rind, ash rind, sloethorn
rind, appletree rind, ivy rind, all these from the nether
part of the trees, and cucumber, smearwort, everfern,
helenium, enchanters nightshade, betony, marrubium,
radish, agrimony ; scrape the worts into a kettle, and
boil strongly. When it hath been strongly boiled, re-
move it off the fire and set it down, and get the man
a seat over the kettle, and wrap the man up, that the
vapour may get out nowhere, except only so that the
man may breathe ; beathe him with this fomentation as
long as he can bear it. Then have another bath ready
for him, take an emmet bed, all at once, a bed of those
male emmets which at whiles fly, they are red ones, boil
them in water, beathe him with it immoderately hot.
Then make him a salve ; take worts of each kind of
those above "mentioned, boil them in butter, smear the
sore limbs therewith, they will soon quicken. Make
him a lev of elder ashes, wash his head with this
cold ; it will soon be well with him : and let the man
get bled every month, when the moon is five, and
fifteen, and twenty nights old.

1 Contraction of the pupil.

Y 2

340 LjECE BOC,

fol. 122 a. .XLVIII.

Djienc pij> pic able mm bulut • *j eopopjmotan
niopopeapbe • «j pubu pillan • «j jeacep pijmn • *j
fppep];an jepceappa J?ap pypto toSomne bo on jellet
mnan lset franban neahtepne sep ]m hme bpmce.
pypc be]?inge mm f peabe pyben bo on tpij ha>t
ponne fcanap fpij?e hate lege on f cpij mnan *j he
pitte on fcole opep J>repe bej?inje p hio hme mseje
tela jepeocan J?onne peallaS ]?a ptc pypmap on ]?a
bejnnje him bi]> pona pel • bpmce ]?one bpenc sep
J?8Bjie bejjinje • jip he J?onne ]>a bepinje Jmphteon ne
mreje bpmce ]?one bpenc relce ba?je oj? ty him pel fie.

.XL villi.

ViJ? pculbop paepce «j eapma • pyl betomcan on ealoS
pele bpincan jelome *j pimle lmijie hme set pype mib
penpypte.

.L.

2iy cneop pap pie cnna beolenan *j hemhc be]?e mib
<j lege on.

.LI.

Gip pe pot pap pie ellen leap • *j pegbpseban «j
mucjpyjit gecnua *j lege on «j gebmb hat ]?aep on. :•

.LI I.

Zip p»u ne maBje blob bolh popppi]?an mm mpe
fol. 122 b. hoppep topb abpig on funnan gepnb to bufte fpi]?e
pel leje f buft fpij?e piece on lmenne cla}> ppij? mib
J?y f bolh.

.LI1I.
2tp meoluc fie apypb bmb toSomne pegbpseban • *j
gibpipan • -j cepfan lege on Jxme pilbcumb *j ne fete f
yaet nipep on eop]?an feopon nihtum.

LEECH BOOK. III. 341

xlviii. Book III.

A drink for the "tig" disease; take bulot, and the ch- xlviii-
netherward part of everthroat, and wild chervil, and
cuckoosour, and aeferth ; scrape these worts together, put
them into a basin, let it stand for the space of a night,
ere thou drink it. Work a fomentation thus ; take the
red ryden, put it in a trough, then heat stones very hot,
lay them within the trough, and let the man sit on
a stool over the fomentation, that it may reek him
well, then the "fig" worms will fall on the beathing,
and it will soon be well with him. Let him drink
the drink before the beathing; if then he cannot pull
through the beathing, let him drink the drink every
day till it be all right with him.

xlix.
Against pain of shoulders and arms; boil betony in
ale, give it the man to drink frequently, and always
smear him at the lire with wenwort.

1.

If a knee be sore, pound henbane and hemlock,
foment therewith and lay on.

li.
If the foot be sore, pound and lay on elder leaves,
and waybroad, and mugwort ; and bind hot upon the
foot

lii.
If thou be not able to stanch a bloodletting; incision,
take a new horses tord, dry it in the sun, rub it to
dust thoroughly well, lay the dust very thick on a
linen cloth ; wrap up the wound with that.

liii.
If milk be spoilt ; bind together waybroad, and gitk-
rife, and cress, lay them on the milk pail, and set not
the vessel down on the earth for seven nights.

342 LJECE BOC.

.LIIII.

Pypc pealpe prS nihtgengan • pyl on butepan
elehtpan • hegepipan • bifceop pypt • peabe mag]?an •
cpopleac • peak fmipe inib him br$ pona pel.

.LV.
Zip men iio heapob panne beo gehlenceb alege J?one
man uppeapb bpip .11. Ifeaean aet J?am eaxlum lege
J?onne bpeb ppeopep opep ]?a pet pleah ]?onne )?pipa on
mib pleje bytle hio 3a?]; on piht Sona.

.LVL
Gtp men nelle myl'can hip mete nij?epeapb elate <j
mepce *j funbeopnep leap pyl on eala]? fele bpincan.

.LVII.

ViJ? pip gemaeblan gebepje on neaht neptij psebicep
mopan ]?y bsege ne ma?j J?e pe jemsebla pceJ?J?an.

.LYIII.

pi]? peonbep coirunge pub molm1 hatte pypt peaxej?
be ypnenbum psetpe • jip ]?u ]?a on J?e hapait <j unbep
jnnum heapob bolfcpe • *j opep J?inep hupep bupum • ne
fo]. 123 a. mae<5 \Q oeopl pce]?J?an Inne ne ute.

.LVIlfll].

pi]? j?eop penhe gip he lie men on cneope o)?}7e on
o)?pim lime pypc clam op puppe pigenpe ;$put oftcSe
bage jebo segef hpit to *j bpoc cepfan lege on ^ Km
oj? f ye clam hatige bo op J?one lege o]?epne J?sep on.

Read molm.

LEECH BOOK. HI. MS

Hv Book III.

Ch- liv-

Work a salve against nocturnal goblin visitors ; boil
in butter lupins, hedgerife, bishopwort, red maythe,
cropleek, salt; smear the man therewith, it will soon
be well with him.

lv.

If a mans head-pan, or skull, be seemingly iron-
bound lay the man with face upward, drive two
stakes into the ground at the armpits, then lay a plank
across over his feet, then strike on it thrice with a
sledge beetle, the skull will come right soon.

lvi.

If a mans meat will not digest, boil in ale the
nether ward part of clote, and rnarche, and leaves of
saxifrage, give him that to drink.

Ivii.

Against a womans chatter; taste at night fasting
a root of radish, that day the chatter cannot harm
thee.

Iviii.

Against temptation of the fiend, a wort hight red
niolin, red stalk, it waxeth by running water : if thou
hast it on thee, and under thy head bolster, and over
thy house doors, the devil may not scathe thee, within
nor without.

lix.

For a " dry " wen ; if it be on a man's knee, or on
another limb, work a paste of sour rye groats or dough,
add the white of an egg and brook cresses, lay on the
limb till the paste gets hot, remove it then and lay
another on.

344 L.ECE BOG

.LX.

Vyjic gobe eajipealpe hunbep tunje ni]7epeapb "j iin-
gpene ^ fmpulle • tunhope nio]?opeapb • cele]?oman leap*
gajileac • cjiopleac bo on pm o^Se on eceb ppmg ]mph
haepenne claS on >]5 eane last; ftanban .III. niht asp ]m
lime on bo. 6jrc mm cjiopleac «j fmpullan jecnua 1
lipon pmep to *j pnmj on J> eape lnm bi]? pona lei :•

.LXI.

Pyjic pealpe pij? ?elpc3aine *j nihtgen^an *j J?am
mannum ]?e beopol mib lisemS • jenim eopolmmelan •
pejimob bipceoppypt • elehtpe • aspcj^pote • beolone •
hajie pypt • liajian fppecel • hasj? bep^ean pipan • cpop-
leac • gapleac • hegejnpan copn • jyfpipe • pinnl. 60
J?ap pypta on an j:set fete unbep peopob ping opep
.Villi, masppan apyl on butepan *j on pceapep fmeppe
bo haligep pealtep pela on apeoh ]mph claS • peopp J?a
pypta 011 ypnenbe pasteji. gip men hpilc ypel coptunj
fol. 123 b. people oJ?]?e aslp o])]?e nilit gengan • fmipe hip 'jplitan
mib ]?ippe pealpe «j on hip eagan bo *j ];a3p him pe
lichoma pap fie • *j pecelfa lime «j fena gelome hi]'
]nng h\]> pona pelpe.

. LXII.

Vr5 sellable mm bipceop pyjit ■ pinul • elehtpe *
eelpfonaii nio];opeapbe • *j jehalgobef cpiftep maslef
Jiagu • *j ltoji bo selcpe hanb pnllc • bebinb ealle ]?a
pyjita on clapc bebyp on pont paefcpe gehalgobum

1 bo is to be added.

LEECH BOOK. III. 345

lx. Book III.

Work a good ear salve thus ; the netherward part
of hounds tongue, and singreen, and sedum, the ne-
therward part of garden hove, leaves of celandine, garlic,
cropleek ; put them into wine or vinegar, wring them
through a coloured cloth into the ear ; let the liquor
stand for three nights before thou apply it. Again,
take cropleek and sedum, pound them, add a little
wine, and wring into the ear, it will soon he well
with it.

lxi.

Work thus a salve against the elfin race and noc-
turnal goblvn visitors, and for the women with whom the
devil hath carnal commerce ; take the ewe hop plant,
'probably the female hop plant, wormwood, bishop wort,
lupin, ashthroat, henbane, harewort, vipers bugloss,
heathberry plants, cropleek, garlic, grains of hedgerife,
githrife, fennel ; put these worts into a vessel, set
them under the altar, sing over them nine masses,
boil them .in butter and sheeps grease, add much holy
salt, strain through a cloth, throw the worts into run-
ning water. If any ill tempting occur to a man, or
an elf or goblin night visitors come, smear his forehead
with this salve, and put it on his eyes, and where his
body is sore, and cense him with incense, and sign
him frequently with the sign of the cross ; his con-
dition will soon be better.

lxii.

Against elf disease ; take bishopwort, fennel, lupin,
the lower part of enchanters nightshade, and moss or
lichen from the hallowed sign of Christ, and incense,
of each a hand full ; bind all the worts in a cloth, dip
it thrice in hallowed font water, have sun&- over

346 LMCE BOO.

J?pipa • lset fmgan opep .ill. mseppan • ane omnibus
Scip • oj?pe contpa tpibulatjonem • Jmbban pjio 111-
pipmiS • bo ]?onne gleba an glebpset ^ lege j?a pypta
on • gepec )?one man mib J?am pyptum yep unbepn ^j
on mht 'j ping letania *j cpeban *j patep noptep *j
ppit him cpiftep msel on selcum lime <j mm lytle hanb
pulle J>8ep llcan cynnep pypta gelice gehalgobe *j pyl on
meolce bpyp J?pipa gehalgobep psetpep on «j fupe sep
hif mete him bi]? pona pel. ])ip J>on llcan • gang on
Jmnpep sepen J?onne funne on petle fie ]?sep ]ra pite
elenan ftanban ping J?onne benebicite • ^j patep noptep •
«j letanian • -j ftmg J?m peax on J>a pypte lset ftician
j?sep on gang J?e apeg gang ept to J?onne bseg ^ niht pup-
J?um pcabe on J?am llcan uhte gang eepeft to cipicean
tl \e gepena <j gobe J>e bebeob gang J?onne fpigenbe
fol. 124 a. 'j J?eah ]>e hpset hpega egeflicef ongean cume o)?]?e man
ne cpe]? J>u him senig popb to sep )?u cume to J?aepe
pypte ]?e }>u on sepen aep gemeapcobeft fmg ]?onne
benebicite • <j patep noptep • ^ letania abelp J>a pypt
lset ftician ^ peax J?sep on • gang ept fpa ]?u paJ?oft
msege to cipicean <j lege unbep peopob mib ]?am peaxe
lset licgean oJ> f funne uppe fie • apsepc fi]?J?an bo to
bpence • «j bipceop pypt 'j cpiftep mselef pagu apyl
}>pipa on meolcum geot J?pipa halig psetep on fmg on
patep noptep • *j cpeban • *j glopia m excelpip beo • ^
fmg on hme letania • «j lime eac ymb ppit mib fpeopbe
on . mi. healpa on cpuce • *j bpmee j?one bpenc fiJ>J»an
him bij? pona pel. 6pt pij> ]?on lege unbep peopob ]?ap
pypte lset gefmgan opep .villi, mseppan • pecelp •
hahg pealt .in. heapob cpopleacep gelpJ?onan nioJ?e-

LEECH BOOK. III. 347

it three masses, one "Omnibus Sanctis,"1 another ^J?^1?-1,

"Contra tribulationem," 2 a third "Pro infirmis."1 Then

put gledes in a glede pan, and lay the worts on : reek

the man with the worts before nine] in the morning,

and at night, and sing a litany, and the credo, and

the Pater noster, and write Christs mark on each of

his limbs, and take a little hand full of worts of the

same kind similarly hallowed, and boil in milk, drop

thrice some hallowed water into it, and let him sip of it

before his meat; it will soon be well with him. For

that ilk. Go on Thursday evening, when the sun is

set, where thou knowest that helenium stands, then

sing the " Benedicite," and " Pater noster," and a litany,

and stick thy knife into the wort, make it stick

fast, and go away : go again, when day and night just

divide f at the same period go first to church and

cross thyself, and commend thyself to God ; then go in

silence, and though anything soever of an awful sort or

man a meet thee, say not thou to him any word, ere

thou come to the wort, which on the evening before

thou markedst ; then sing the Benedicite, and the Pater

noster, and a litany, delve up the wort, let the knife

stick in it ; go again as quick as thou art able to

church, and lay it under the altar with the knife ; let

it lie till the sun be up, wash it afterwards, and

make into a drink, and bishopwort, and lichen off a

crucifix ; boil in milk thrice, thrice pour holy water

upon it, and sing over it the Paternoster, the Credo,

and the Gloria in excelsis deo;4 and sing upon it a

litany, and score with a sword round about it on three

sides a cross, and then after that let the man drink

the wort; soon will it be well with him. Again for

that ; lay these worts under the altar, have nine masses

sung over them, incense, holy salt, three heads ot

cropleek, the netherward part of enchanters nightshade,

1 In the missal.

2 The same as " Pro quacunque
necessitate " ?

3 In early morning.

4 Luke ii. 14.

348 L.^CE BOC.

peapbe • elenan • mm on mopgen fcenc pulne meoluce
bpyp ]?pipa halijep psetepef on fupe fpa he hatoft
mrege • ete mib .ill. fnseba selp]?onan *j J>onne he pei-
tan pille heebbe jleba J?8ep mne lege ftop *j selp)?onan

fol. 124 b. on J?a gleba • *j pec lime mib f he fpyete • *j f hup
jeonb pec *j jeopne ]>one man jepena • «j ]?onne he
on pefte ganje ete .III. fnseba eolenan • *j .III. cpop-
leacep • «j .III. pealtep • *j hsebbe him fcenc pulne
eala^ *j bpype ]?pipa halig paatep on • befupe selce
ihasb • jepefte lime pij?j?an- bo ]?ip .villi, mopgenaf* «j
.Villi, niht him bi]? pona pel. Tip him bij> a3lpfoioj?a
him beo}> ]?a eagan geolpe J?3op hi peabe beon lceolbon.
gip Jm ]?one mon lacnian pille ]??enc hif gebsepa *j
pite hpilcef habef he fie • jip hit bij> psepneb man
*j locaS up ]?onne ]?u hme sepefc pceapafc ■j pe 'jplita
bi)? jeolpe blac • ]?one mon ]?\i meaht jelacman seltaaphce
pp he ne bij? peep on to lange • gip hit bij? ptp ^ locaS
ni);ep J?onne ]?u hit sepeft pceapaft • *j hipe jplita bij?
peabe pan ]5 ]m mint eac xelacman • pp hit bi$ ba3g-
J>epne lenj on ]?onne . xii. monaj? «j iio onfyn bi]>
pyplicu ]?onne meaht ]m hme betan to hpile • ^j ne
meaht hpsej?epe seltseplice gelacman. Ppit ]?ip xeppit •
Scpiptum eSt pex pejum et bommup bommantjum •
bypnice • beponice • luplupe • lehe • amp • amp • aiup •
Sep • Sep . Sep . bommup beup Sabaoth ■ amen • alleluiah.
S1115 pip opep J?am bpence *j ]?am geppite • 6eup om-

fbl. 125 a. mpotenf patep bomini noptpi lesu epipti • pep Inpofi-
tjonem hmuf pcpiptupa expelle a pamulo tuo N*1 Om-
nem Impetum2 caltalibum «3 be capite* be capilhf • be

twmen.

- linperuu, MS. p. 79 b. Elves of the downs.

J Castalicles, bun efyen, Gl. Soiim.

LEECH BOOK. IIT. 349

helenium ; take in the morning a cup full of milk, Book III

drop thrice some holy water into it, let the man sup

it up as hot as he can : let him eat therewith three

bits of enchanters nightshade, and when he hath a

mind to rest, let him have in his chamber gledes, let

him lay on the gledes (TTi>pu% and elftlione, and reek

him therewith till he sweat, and reek the house all

through ; earnestly also sign the man with the sign of

the cross, and when he is going to bed, let him eat

three bits of helenium, and three of cropleek, and three

of salt, and let him have a cup full of ale, and thrice

drop holy water into it; let him sup up each bit, and

afterwards rest himself. Let him do this for nine

mornings and nine nights, it will soon be well with

him. If a man hath elf hicket, his eyes are yellow,

where they should be red. If thou have a will to

cure the man, observe his gestures, and consider of what

sex he be ; if it be a man and looketh up, when thou

first seest him, and the countenance be yellowish black,

thou mayst cure the man thoroughly if he is not too

long in the disease ; if it is a woman and looketh

down, when thou first seest her, and her countenance

is livid red, thou mayst also cure that ; if it has been

upon the man longer than a twelvemonth and a day,

and the aspect be such as this, then mayst thou amend

it for a while, and notwithstanding mayst not entirely

cure it. Write this writing, "Scriptum est, rex regum

" et dominus dominantium Veronica,1 Veronica, . . . iao,2

" ayiog, ayios, ayio§} sanctus, sanctus, sanctus, domi-

li nus, dens sabaoth, amen, alleluiah/5 Sing this over

the drink and the writing, "Deus omnipotens, pater

" domini nostri Iesu Christi, per impositionem hums

a scriptures expelle a famulo tuo, here insert the name,

" omnem impetum castalidum de capite, de capillis, de

1 The miraculous portrait on the 2 H1iT

kerchief of St. Veronica.

350 L^CE EOC.

cepebpo • be p ponte • be lingua • be publm;z;ua • be juttope •
be paucibuf • be bentibup • be oculif • be napibus • be
aupibus • be manibus • be collo • be bpachnf • be copbe •
be anima • be genibus • be coxip • be pebibus • be com-
pagmibus- ommum membpopum mfcuf et popif • amen.
Pypc ponne bpenc pont psetep • puban • Salman • cafpuc •
bpaconzan • pa fmepan pegbpeeban nipepeapbe pepep
pujian* bilep cpop» gapleacef .III. clupe- pmul- pepmob«
lupefcice • elehtpe • ealpa empela • ppit . ill. cpucem nub
oleum mppmopum *j cpeft • pax fcibi • Nim ponne f
geppit ppifc cpucem mib opep fam bpmce *j fmg pip peep
opep. beup omnipotenf patep bommi • noptpi • lesu
epipti pep Inpofitjonem hump fcpiptupse1 et pep gufcum
huiuS expelle biabolum a pamulo fcuo • n • 2 <j cpebo •
•j patep • noptep • pset •$ ^eppit on pam bpence ^ ppit
cpucem mib him on selcum lime *j cpe$ fignum cpuciS
xpi conpepuate In uitam etepnam • amen, gip pe ne
lyfce hat hme pelpne oppe fpa jepubne fpa he jefibbofc
hsebbe -j feni^e fpa he pelofc cunne • pep cprept inseg
pip selcpe peonbef cofcunje.

.LXTIT.

Zip mon bip on ysgeep. selpable ponne beop him pa
hanb nseglaf ponne *j pa eagan teapige ^ pile locian
fol. 125 1). nipep • bo him pip to lsecebome • eopopppote • capfuc •
pone niopopeapb • eopbepge • elehtpe • eolone • mepfc-
mealpan cpop • pen minte • bile • like • attoplape •
polleie • mapubie • bocce • ellen • pel fceppe • pepmob .
fcpeapbepjean leap • conpolbe • opgeofc mib ealap • bo
hahj paetep to finj pip gealbop opep ppipa • Jc bmne
appat3 beteft beabo ppaaba fpa benne ne bupnon ne

1 -pa, MS.
'■'■ nomen.

8 From ppi'San rather than ppitan,

LEECH BOOK. III. 351

" cerebro, defronte, de lingua, de sublingua, de gutture, de Book III.

a faucibus, de dentibus, de oculis, de naribus, de auribus, Ch. km.

* c de manibus, de collo, de brachiis, de corde, de anima,

(< de genibus, de coxis, de pedibus, de compaginibus

" omnium membrorum intus et foris. Amen." Then

work up a drink thus ; font water, rue, sage, cassuck,

dragons, the netherward part of the smooth waybroad,

feverfue, a head of dill, three cloves of garlic, fennel,

wormwood, lovage, lupin, of all equal quantities ; write

a cross three times with the oil of unction, and say,

"Pax tibi/' Then take the writing, describe a cross

with it over the drink, and sing this over it, " Dominus

" omnipotens, pater domini nostri Iesu Christi, per im-

" position em huius scrip turse et per gustum huius expelle

" diabolum a famulo tuo;" here insert the name, and the

Credo, and Paternoster. Wet the writing in the drink,

and write a cross with it on every limb, and say,

u Signum crucis Christi conservet te in vitam seter-

" nam. Amen." If it listeth thee not to take this

trouble, bid the man himself, or whomsoever he may

have nearest sib to him, to do it, and let him cross

him as well as he can. This craft is powerful against

every temptation of the- fiend.

lxiii.

If a man is in the water elf disease, then are
the nails of his hand livid, and the eyes tearful, and
he will look downwards. Give him this for a leech-
dom ; everthroat, cassuck, the netherward part of fane,
a yew berry, lupin, helenium, a head of marsh mallow,
fen mint, dill, lily, attorlothe, pulegium, marrubium,
dock, elder, fel terrse, or lesser centaury, wormwood,
strawberry leaves, consolida ; pour them over with ale,
add holy water, sing this charm over them thrice : —

I have wreathed round the wounds
the best of healing wreaths,

352 L^CE BOO.

bupfton ne punbian ne peologan • ne hoppetan ne
punb paco fian • ne bolb biopian • ac htm yelp healbe
hale pjeje • ne ace J>e ]>on ma ];e eop]?an on eape ace •
Sing Jny manejum yi]?um • eoppe pe on bepe eallum
hipe mihtum *j mpejenum • pay jalbop mon mseg fmjan
on punbe.

.LXIIIT.

Pip beople lipe bpenc *j unjemynbe bo on ealu
capyuc • elehtpan mopan • ymul ontpe • betomce • limb
heolope • mepce pube • pepmob • nepue • elene • aelppone •
pulpey comb • jefmj . XII. mseyyan opep pam bpence <j
bpince lnm bip yona yel. fopenc pip beopley cofcunga •
pepan popn cpopleac • eletpe • ontpe • bifceop pypt •
pmnl • capyuc • betomce • jelialja pay pypta bo on ealu
fol. 126 a. halig paatep • *j fie ye bpenc paep inne psep ye feoca man
inne fie • «j fimle sep J. on pe lie bpince finj ppipa
opep pam bpence • beuy In nomine tuo yaluum
me pac.

.LXV.

X^iy man fie jegymeb <j pu lime jelacnian ycyle •
gefeoh ty he fie topeapb ponne pu mganje ponne mrej
he bbban • gip lie pe fie ppampeapb ne jpet pu hme
ahte • jip he hbban nueje pyl on butepan betomcan -

LEECTT BOOK. III.

tli at the baneful sores may

neither burn nor burst,

nor find their way further,

nor turn foul and fallow,

nor thump and throb on,

nor be wicked wounds,

nor dig deeply down ;

but he himself may hold

in a way to health.

Let it ache thee no more,

than ear in earth1 acheth.
Sing also this many times, 2(i May earth bear on
" thee with all her might and main/' These charms
a man may sing over a wound.

lxiv.

A lithe drink against a devil and dementedness.
Put into ale cassuck, roots of lupin, fennel, ontre,
betony, hindheal, marche, rue, wormwood, nepeta, hele-
nium, elfthone, wolfs comb ; sing twelve masses over
the drink, and let the man drink, it will soon be well
with him. A drink against temptations of the devil ;
tuftythorn, cropleek, lupin, ontre, bishopwort, fennel,
cassuck, betony ; hallow these worts,3 put into some ale
some holy water, and let the drink be in the same
chamber as the sick man, and constantly before he
drinketh sing thrice over the drink, " Deus ! In
" nomine tuo salvum me fac."

Book in.

Ch. lxiii.

lxv.

If a man be overlooked, and thou must cure him,
see that his face be turned to thee when thou o-oest
in, then he may live ; if his face be turned from thee,
have thou nothing to do with him. If he may live,

1 In the grave.

2 This seems intended to quell the

elf.

n By a formula of benediction.

VOL. II.

354 LMCE BOC.

3y]?pipan • geappan • polleian • bolhpunan • appimz; Jmph
cla]? lset ftanban • jehsGt fcenc pulne cu peapmpe meolce
bo J?8ejie pealpe .v. fnseba J?sep on fupe on neaht neptig
*j ete pepfc plsepc ]?3ep J?sep. hit psetoft fie • <j picge on
niht ]?a pealpe <j f bolh pec mib ealban fpice o|?J>e mib
pepfcpe butepan |?onne hit fie clsene i pel peab • lacna
mib |?a llcan pealpa • <j ne last toSomne gip hio fie
clsene • lset pi]?}>an toSomne. glp hit nelle pop Jnfum
lsecebome batian • pyl on meolcum ]?a peaban geappan
<j pmul • lmpypt • ealpa gelice lset apeallan .V. pijmm
appmg J?uph claS gebpip pel fpijme bpip Jpsep on mib
hpsete melpe <j jepceap gobep peaxep ane fnsebe J>8ep
on *j hpep tofomne lset jecolian • jenim hapan pulle
lytle fnsebe . in. bepmb mib ]?y bpipe utan f he mseje
fol. 126 b. popfpelgan <j befupe mib cu peapmum.1

. LXVI.

Upenc gip ]?eop pie on men mm ]?ap pypte nio]?e-
peapbe • pmol bifceop pypt sepc]?potan ealpa empela
]?ippa tpeja msept • upepeapbe puban • *j betomcan 6p-
jeot mib hluttpum eala]? -j . jefmje . ill. mseppan opep
y bpmce ymb . II. niht J>a3p J>e he opjoten fie sep
hif mete *j septep.

. LXVII.

V ij> beopol feoce bo on hahj psetep <j on eala bifceop
pypte hmbhiolo]?an • ajpimoman • alexanbpian • jyj?-
pipan pele him bpmcan. 6pt cappuc • pepan J?opn • ftan
cpop • elehtpe • pmnl • eopop]?pote cpopleac opjeot
jelice. 6pt fpipe bpenc piS beople . mm micle hanb

1 Supply meolcum.

LEECH BOOK. III. 355

boil in butter betony, githrife, yarrow, pulegium, pel- Book III.
litory ; wring through a cloth, let it stand, heat a
cup full in milk warm from the cow, put five pieces
of the salve into it ; let the man sup up that at
night fasting, and let him eat fresh flesh in the part
where it is fattest : and at night take the salve and
comfort the wound with old lard or with fresh butter ;
when it is clean, and a good red, leech with the same
salve, and let it not unite, if it be clean ; make it unite
afterwards. If it will not for this leechdom get better,
boil in milk the red yarrow, and fennel, and flaxwort,
of all equal quantities, let them boil five times, wring-
through a cloth. Brew up a pretty strong brewit
upon this, with wheat meal, shave a piece of good
wax into it, and shake up together ; let it cool, take
three little bits of hares wool, wind them on the
outside about with the brewit, that he may swallow
them, and let him sup it up with milk warm from
the cow.

lxvi.

A drink, if the " dry " disease be on a man ; take
the netherward part of these worts, fennel, bishopwort,
ashthroat, of all equal quantities ; of these two follow-
ing more than of the others, the upward part of rue,
and betony ; pour them over with clear ale, and sing-
three masses over them, and let the man drink about
two days from the time when it was poured over,
before his meat and after.

lxvii.

For one devil sick ; put into holy water and into
ale, bishopwort, hind heal, agrimony, alexanders, gith-
rife ; give to the man to drink. Again, cassuck, tufty
thorn, stonecrop, lupin, fennel, everthroat, cropleek ;
pour over them similarly. Again, a spew drink against
the devil ; take a mickle hand full of sedge, and gladden,

z 2

n

:>;jO L.ECE BOO.

pulle fecxep • *j glsebenan bo on pannan • jeoc micelne
bollan pulne ealap on bepyl healp gejmb . XX. lyb-
copna oo on f ]ny lp job bpenc pi]? beople.

[lxviil]

Leoht bpenc y\]> peben heopte elehtpe • bipceop pypt
3elp]?one • elene • cpopleac • hinb hiolope • ontpe • elate •
Nim ]?ap pypta J?onne bseg -j niht fcabe • finj rep eft
on cipicean letania • «j cpeban • «j patep noptep • ^anj
mib ]?y fange to fain pyptum ymbga hie ]?pipa sep J?u
hie nime • «j ja ept to cipicean jefinj . XII. mseppan
fol. 127 a. opep ]?am pyptnm J?onne ]m hie opxpten haebbe.

. LXVIIII.

Qip men fie maja afupob *j popjmnben • Tenim holen
leapa micle tpa hanb pulla jepceappa fpi]?e fmale pyl on
meolcum oj? ]5 hie fyn pel meapupe pupla fnreb mselum
ete )?onne .VI. fnseba • on mopjen . III. <j on repen .ill.
*j septep hip mete • bo Jmp .villi, niht lent, jip him
J>eapp fie. :•

Tip mon bi]? ajmnben ete puban <j bpmce he bi)?
hal. :•

Pi)? majan psepce puban fseb *j epic feolpop <j eceb
bepgen on neaht neptij. 6pt pnb on eceb *j on psetep
polleian pele bpincan fona f pap toxht.

.LXX.

ViJ? pambe prepce opgeot polleian *j bpmce *j pume
bmbe to ]?am napolan ■ *j pite xeo^ne f fio pypt apeg
ne aghbe pona bij> pel.

LEECH BOOK. II T. 357

put them into a pan, pour a inickle bowl full of ale Book III.
upon them; boil half, rub fine twenty libcorns, put
them into it; this is a good drink against the devil.

lxviii.

A light drink for the wood heart; lupin, bishop-
wort, enchanters nightshade, helenium, cropleek, hind-
heal, ontre, clote. Take these worts when day and
night divide ; sing first in church a litany, and a
Credo, and a Pater noster, with the song go to the
worts, go thrice around them, before thou touch them ;
and go again to church, sing twelve masses over the
worts when thou hast poured — l over them.

lxix.

1. If a mans stomach be soured and swollen; take
holly leaves, two inickle hands full, scrape them very
small, boil them in milk till they be pretty tender, pick
them out by a bit at a time ; then let the man eat six
bits, in a morning three, and in evening three, and after
his meat. Thus do for nine days, longer if need be.

2. If a man be swollen, let him eat rue and drink
it ; he will be well.

3. For pain of maw ; let the man taste at night
lasting, seed of rue, and quicksilver, and vinegar.
Again, rub pulegiuin into vinegar and into water, give
the man to drink, soon the soreness glideth away.

lxx.

1. For wamb wark ; drench in J pulegium, and

let him drink it and bind some to his navel, and let
him earnestly beware that the wort do not glide
away. Soon he will be well.

1 Not mentioned ; to be supplied | - The liquid is not mentioned,
from above.

358 L/ECE BOC.

Pip magan paepce pubu pifrlep pone gpenan 1 meaph
pe bip on pam heapbe pele lnm etan mib hatan ele.

Uip pambe heapbneppe geclsenfa ppcopn jmb on
cealb pgefcep pele him bpmcan.

. LXXI.

Pip fpjunje gmb paluian pip hunij fmipe mib Sona
bip pel. Gpt pypc pealpe mm hanb pulle fppmj
pypte • *j hanb pulle pegbpgeban • <j hanb pulle magpan •
fol. 127 b. *j hanb pulle mSepeapbe boccan psepe . pe fpimman
pille on butpan ahlyttpe f pealt op *j J> pam bo hpon
humgep to enghpcep • bo opep pyp apyl ■ ponne hit;
pealle- finj . ill. patep noptep. open bo ept op fing
ponne .vim. fipum patep noptep on «j ppipa apyl *j
fpa gelome op abo <j lacna mib pippan.

. LXXII.

Vip psepe geolpan able opjeot pap pypte mib fpipe
beope • jiibban hanb pulle • epic pmba hanb pulle . vim.
fnseba mpepeapbpe gepcppotan * *j . Villi, nipepeapbpe
eolenan.

Gpt; bile • celenbpe • Salman msept pyl on fpipum
beope f hit fie piece • <j gpene • mm mpepeapbe eolenan
gefnip on humg ete fpa mamge fnseba fpa he maaje
jebjunce peep bpencep pcenc pulne septep -j eal ~f psec
ete pceapen plsepc <j nan opep.

. LXXIII.

5ip men fie mnelpe ute jecnua jalluc appmg pujth
clab on cu peapme meolce • pset pme hanba pasji on 'j
jebo f mnelpe on pone man gefeope mib feolce pyl him
ponne jalMc .villi, mopjnaf butan him leng peapp
fie peb hine mib pepfce hsenne plsepc

The MS. has a stop after gpenan.

LEECH BOOK. III. 359

2. For maw pain; give the man to eafc the green Book ill.
marrow which is in the head of a wood thistle, with c * xx'
hot oil.

3. For hardness of wamb ; cleanse githcorns, rub
them fine into cold water, give to the man to drink.

lxxi.

Against carbuncle ; rub sage with honey, smear there-
with, soon he will be well. Again, work a salve, take
a hand full of spring wort, and a hand full of way
broad and a hand full of maythe, and a hand full of
the netherward part of dock, that namely which will
swim ; boil in butter, clear off the salt and the foam,
add a little English honey, put over a fire, boil it;
when it boileth sing three Pater nosters over it, remove
it again, then sing nine Pater nosters, and boil it thrice,
and so frequently ; remove it, and after that cure
with it.

lxxii.

1. For the yellow disease ; souse these worts in strong
beer, of ribwort a hand full, of quickbeam rind a hand
full, nine bits of the netherward part of ashthroat, and
nine of the lower part of helenium.

2. Again, boil dill, coriander, most of sage, in strong
beer, that it may be thick and green ; take the nether-
ward part of helenium, cut it up into honey, let the
patient eat as many bits as he can ; let him drink after
it a cup full of the drink, as above; and all the time
let him eat sheep flesh and none other.

lxxiii.

If a mans bowel be out, pound galluc, wring through
a cloth into milk warm from the cow, wet thy hands
therein, and put bach the bowel into the man, sew up
with silk, then boil him for nine mornings galluc, that is,
comfrey, except need be for a longer time, feed him with
fresh hens flesh.

360 LEECH BOOK. III.

Perhaps one folio is missing.

There is some writing along the margin of the last
page, the few readable syllables of which are unin-
telligible.

bila bpa binb ]? yob ]?i A Byn

in iji bjien.

GLOSSARY.

GLOSSARY.

The following glossary relies almost entirely upon
original authorities ; upon a collation of the manu-
script ancient extant glossaries with their printed
editions, which have been falsified by ignorant con-
jectures ; and upon a careful examination of many
Saxon volumes never yet published. No reliance has
been placed on modern productions, in the way of
dictionaries ; they will be found full of errors.1 Every
article either supplies a deficiency or corrects an error ;
but our limits will not admit of the insertion of every
correction prepared for the press. Corrections were, of
course, to be accompanied by their proofs, and this adds
to the length of the various articles. Some refer to
genders or declensions or terminations, for an exact
knowledge of our Oldest English is impossible, as long
as students are deceived on these elementary points.
The most important printed texts of Saxon works have
been collated from beginning to end, letter by letter,
with the original manuscripts. The modern editions in
particular are, sometimes, very faulty.

In the names of plants the reader will observe that
a name, however wTrong, is within its own bounds, still

See Shrine (Williams and Norgate).

364 GLOSSARY.

a name. Mistakes often thrive, and even overpower a
true old tradition. Many decided spirits would have
all error thrown over, but to do so, would render our
collection less complete.

The order of the letters is so arranged that K goes
with C, Y with I, and ]?orn is last of all.

3G5

TABLE OF CONTRACTIONS,

PRINTED BOOKS.

M.G. JElfrics Grammar, ed. Somner,
quoted by pages and lines.

A.R. Adrian and Ritheus, ed. Kem-

ble, by pages.
A.W. Alfreds Will, reprint 1828, by
pages.
Bw. Beowulf, ed. Grundtvig, col-
lated with MS., by lines.

Csed. Csedmon, if Caedmon, by the
pages and lines of the ori-
ginal MS.

CD. Codex Diplomaticus, by num-
bers.

C.E. Codex Exoniensis, by pages,
ed. Thorpe.
Ch. Charms, Leechdoms, Vol. I.

DD. (Dooms) Laws and Institutes,
ed. 1840, by pages.

Dief. Glossarium Diefenbachii.

D.R. Durham Ritual, by pages.

F.F. Fight at Finnesburg, ed.
Thorpe.
G. Goodwins Andrew and Vero-
nix.
G$. Goodwins GuSlac.

Hb. Herbarium, Leechdoms, Vol. L,
by articles.

Horn. iElfrics Homilies, ed. Thorpe.
Lb. Leechbook, Leechdoms, Vol.

II., by chapters.
M. Mones Glossaries in Quellen
und Forschungen, von F. J.
Mone, 1830.
M.Sp. Mannings Supplement to Lye,
paged for the purpose,
from Testamentum Elfhelmi,
page 1.
N. Narratiunculae, 1861. (Russell
Smith.)

O.cl. O clerice, in preface to Leech-
doms, Vol. I. p. lviii.

O.T. Orosius, ed. Thorpe, by pages
and lines.

Quad. Medicina de Quadrupedibus,

Leechdoms, Vol. I.
Runl. The Runlioft, or Runelay,
quoted by articles.
SH. Shrine, where some Saxon

pieces are printed.
S.S. Solomon and Saturn, ed. Kem-
ble.

SSpp. Spoon and Sparrow, for ety-
mology.

366

TABLE OF CONTRACTIONS.

IN MANUSCRIPT.

Generally cited by folios.

xii.Ab. De xii. Abusivis. MS. C.C.C.
BL. Blooms, or Flores Soliloquio-

rum.
D.G. Dialogues of Gregorius, MS.

C.C.C.
Aida^. The treatise nepl didd&wv, in

Leechdoms, Vol. III.
F.D. De Falsis Dis. MS. C.C.C.
F.L. Fourth Leechdoms, for pub-
lication in Leechdoms, Vol.
III.
G.D. Dialogues of Gregorius, MS-
Cotton.

HID. Liber de Hida.

Lacn. Lacnunga, in Vol. III. of

Leechdoms, by articles.
M.H. Minster Homilies of jElfric,

except Sigewulfi respon-

siones, de xii. Abusivis, and

de Falsis Dis.
P.A. The Liber Pastoralis of King

Alfred, MS. Hatt.
R.M. Rule of Mynchens.
Sc. Liber Scintillarum.
SMD. Somniorum Diversitas.

GLOSSARIES.

Gl. Brux. A Brussels Glossary, printed
by Mone, p. 314, by Thorpe,
unpublished, p. 36, by
Wright, p. 62.

Gl. C. An early Glossary in MS.
Gl. Dun. An old Glossary in the library
of the cathedral at Durham.
The compiler had used the
Saxon Herbarium, as in
Lactuca leporina.

Gl. E. Glossaries printed by Eckhart,
in Commentarii de rebus
Francise Orientalis, Wirce-
burgi, fol., 1729, 2 vols.
Gl.Hofrm. Althochdeutsche Glossen, von
A. H. Hoffmann, 1826.

Gl. M. A manuscript on vellum, the
property of Rev. W. D.
Macray.

Gl. M.M. Glossary of Moyen Moutier,
printed, but unpublished.
Mone. Glossaries printed by Mone, in
Quellen und Forschungen,
Aachen und Leipsig, 8vo.,
1830. The herb glossary
fetches from. Hb. Used MS.
B.
N. Bakers Northamptonshire Gl.
Gl. Prud. Glossary on Prudentius, printed
but unpublished.
Gl. R. Junius transcript of the Rubens
MS. Glossary, MS.
Gl. Somn. The Glossaries printed by
Somner, in Dictionarium
Saxonico - Latino- Anglicum.
Oxonii, fol., 1659, printed
with errors from Gl. R.
Other manuscript Glossaries
about fifteen.

numbering

GLOSSARY.

A.

A, as prefix, is a shorter form of— 1. And,
as in abidan, for andbidan.

2. On, as in among, for onmang, and
aweg, for onweg, both of which are oc-
casionally parallel MS. readings. See
Mil. 115 a, with var. lect.

3. Un, as in atynan, open, for nntynan.

4. Of, as in acalan for ofcalan. Horn.
II. 248.

5. Embe, as in ymbutan, abutan, and
by apokope buton.

6. Ge, as in alefed, for gelefed.
Acumba, -an, niasc? oakum, stupa. Cf.

" Coarse fibres among wool are kemps,"
Gl. N. Putamina, acuman, aecumba, Gl.
Mone, p. 398 a, p. 407 a, as consisting
of coarse fibres. Nacpfla is an approxi-
mation only, explained in SH. p. 10.
Similarly "Napta, genus fomenti, i.e.
" tyndir," Gl. M.M. p. 159 b. Acumba
in ashes seems administered as a sub-
stitute for SrroStoi'. Lib. I. i. 15 ; xxxiii.
I ; xlvii. 3.

JE, as a prefix, is commonly a shorter form
of Mf, which answers to the Latin Ob,
in the sense of annoyance, as in Officere
and the like. Thus JEbylgan, JEcyrf.
Bed. 552, 1. 13 ; JEmod.

JEc, Ac, gen. -e, fern., oak, quercus robur.
Sume ac astah, Horn. II. 150, got up
into an oak. Of ftaere sec, CD. 570,
p. 7S. }>eor ac, 7E.G. 7, 48. Gen. Ace,

TEc— cont.

Lb. I. xxxviii. 11. Vowels dropped,
CD. 588, 624, etc. Gen. pi. Acana,
CD. 126.

2. As a letter of the alphabet the same
word is masc, gen. -es. Acar tpegen
haeselar rpa ronie, C.E. 429, two As
and two Hs along with them.

iEcelma, gen. an, masc? a chilblain, mula.
Gl. Mone, p. 359 b. " Mula est qusedam
" infirmitas in homine quae uocatur
" gybehos," Gl. Harl. 3388, that is, kibe
of heel. In Italian, " mule, kibes, chil-
" blanes " (Florio). In French, " mule,
" a kibe " (Cotgrave). Palagra, secilma,
Gl. Cleop., where understand podagra
and footsore. The word is compounded
of M for JEy, signifying annoyance,
eel, chill, and the participial man.
SSpp., art. 943.

iEdre, vein, vena, gen. both -e, and -an,
fern., Lb. I. i. 13; II. xviii.; II. xxxii.,
etc. Hb. iv. 4. On o>rum monJ>e J>a
sedron beoft geworden, N. p. 49, in the
second month the veins are formed. S.S.
148, 192.

2. pi. kidneys, renes. K.M. 69, a.
Hb. lxxxvi. 3; cxix. 3. Paris Ps.
exxxviii. 11.

3. In the sense of water spring found
neut. J>8et wseteraeddre, perhaps by at-
traction. Horn. II. 144. Ealle eorftan
seddre onsprungon ongean J>am heofon-
lican flode. MS. C.C.C 419, p. 42.

iEferSe, gen. -an, fern.? an herb unknown.
Lb. I. xxxiii. 2, etc

308

GLOSSARY.

iEgwyrt, gen. -e, fern., eggu>ort, dande-
lion, leontodon taraxacum ; like Germ.
Eyerblume, from the round form of the
pappus. Laen. 40.

iElfsibenne, from self, elf, and sido, masc.
manners, as Boet. p. 45, 1. 21, p. 131, 1. 10,
often taken in a good sense as morals.
Lb. I. lxiv. The termination -en, like
-ivos, -inus, does not always relate to
metals and materials, but as in fyrlen,
distant, myrten, mortuary, is more general.
We may therefore take this word as the
accusative of an adjective. It is, how-
ever, possible that it may be a substan-
tive. Lacn. 11.

jElfsogofta. See SogoSa. Lb. III. lxii.

iElfSone, gen. -an ; fern. ? probably cir-
ccea lutetiana, enchanters nightshade,
which in old Dutch is Alfrancke. Lb.
I. xxxii. 4; II. liii.

Opening, masc, gen. -er, a medlar, fruit of
mespilus germanica. Lb. II. ii. 2. See
the passage and the glossarial openoepr,
mespilum.

iEppel, gen. -pies, masc. in sing. pi. -pla,
apple, malum. Numb. xi. 5. P. A. 19 b.
Also a soft fruit, sls fruit of the bramble.
Lb. I. lxiv. ; III. xli. Fingersepla, dates,
M.H. 131 b. A translation of AaKrvXot.
GoplSaeppel, Numb. xi. 3, a cucumber.
Fie seppel, a fig (Lye), pi. pcoeppla,
Matth. vii. 16 ; Luke vi. 44. Palmaepla,
Gl. Cleop. fol. 66 d. Gl. Mone, p. 409 b.
Lb. II. i. ; II. xxxvi. SSpp. 543.

2. A dumpling. Hb. cxxxiv. 2.

3. The ball of the eye, with pi. masc.
On ftser ripenlgean eagum beo'S fta
aepplar hale. Ac fta bpaepar Speatigeaft,
P. A. 15, a. In the eyes of the bleareyed
the balls are healthy, but the lids swollen.
Se oftep SDppel j)ser geemtrgob, M.H.
98 b, the ball of one eye was emptied
of its crystalline, aqueous, and vitreous
humours. Applied less exactly as a
translation of papilla, Boet. p. 132, 1. 25.

^Epse, gen. -an, fem. ? the aspen, populus
tremula. Lb. I. xxxvi. SH. 25. The
last syllable in the modern name repre-
sents the case endings. JEps, occurs in

JEpse — conL

the glossaries, and Lb. III. xxxix ; it is
regarded by JElfric in Gr. as Abies.

iEsc, gen. -es, masc. CD. 461, the ash,
fraxinus excelsior. Se tophta resc. CE.
429.

Ceaster assc, helleborus niger, black
hellebore, which has leaves like those of
the ash. " Eliforus (read Helleborus),
" pebe bepge (mad berry) vel ceafrep
" arc," Gl. Cleop. fol. 36 b. Lacn. 39.

JEsce, gen. -an, fem., ash, cinis. Lb. I.
xxxviii. 4. Quad. iii. 4. Axe bu eapt
"j on axan leoya. Cinis es et in cinere
uiue. Sell, a. tE.G. 11,47. CE. 213,
line 27. Cf. Aska, fem., old Dansk.

JEscbpotu, gen. -an, fem. 1. Verbena
officinalis. Hb. iv., with the drawing.
Verbenaca, in MS. Bodley 130, is drawn
and glossed Verbena, vervain. Also
Veruyn in MS. T. Verbenaca in
Dodoens is Vervain. " Verveyne,
" Veruena vocatur grece ierobotanum
" vel peristerion et dicitur verbena
" quia virtutibus plena," MS. Douce,
290. MS. G. has a gl. " Taubencropf,"
which, as I learn from Adelung, is
Verbena. " Hiera quam Latini Ber-
" benam uocant ideo a grecis hoc
" nomen accepit qucd sacerdotes earn
" purificationibus adhibere consueve-
" runt." MS. Harl. 5264, fol. 56, b.
" Verbena, aescwert," Gl. Mone, p. 442 a,
" Berbenaces, eascvyrt," Gl. Dun. Lb.
III. 72.

2. Annuosa, which is found in a few
glossaries, is a mere blunder for anchusa,
translated in Hb. ci. 3, by ashthroat.

3. Goutweed, cegopodium podagraria.
Ashweed is this in Mylnes Indigenous
Botany. This plant I take to be meant
by the Ferula of Gl. M.M., Gl. Dun.,
Somner Lex., Gl. Brux. The Ferula
communis, or fennel giant, is not a
native of England, and under all cir-
cumstances, would either not have an
English name or one extended to plants
of a similar aspect, even if smaller.
This segopodiimi is often called Angelica,

GLOSSARY.

3G9

-ZEscbpotu — coat.

even down to Ray, and the angelicas
are also large and hollow. Throat seeras
to imply hollowness, and Ash either size
or similar leaves.

The fennel giant is, however, men-
tioned in the life of St. Godric as
affording walking staves for pilgrims,
(A.D. 1159), p. 163.

-ZEsmoelum, dat. pi., a disease of the eye,
contraction of the pupil, oculorurn immi-
nutio. " Evenit etiam ut oculi, vel ambo
" vel singuli, minores fiant quam esse
" naturaliter debeant." Celsus, VI. vi.
14. " Pupillce malum est, quum an-
" gustior ac obscurior rngosiorque effi-
" citur," Actuarius, 184, c. Lb. I. 2,
and contents. A comp. of JE, for JEf,
implying mischief, and Sma3l.

JEbelyeptSmgpypt, fern., gen. -e, stichwort,
stellaria holostea, with s. graminea.
JEbeljrepSmcpypt: in Hb. lxiii. 7, trans-
lates " agrimoniam," and Ixxviii. 1,
" argemonitis." See Plinius, xxvi. 59.
" Agrimonia alpha, eathelferthing vyrt
" vel glofvyrt," Gl. Dun. " Alfa, aeSel-
" jrepbingpypc," Gl. Somn., p. 64 b, 7.
Some supposed agrimonia to be stich-
wort, though as the translator of the Her-
barium had called it sapclijre, a very
appropriate name, we should not have
expected this uncertainty from him.
" Agrimonia, rfcicpypt," Gl. Somn. p.
04 a, 65. In Lacn. 29, aebelpepftmg-
pyjit is glossed " auis lingua." " Lingua
" avis . i . pigle, stichwort," Gl. M. " Lin-
" gua auis . i . pigle," Gl. Rawl. C. 607.
" Lingua auis, stichewort," Gl. Sloane, 5.
The name describes the leaves.

Afreoftan, to froth. Lb. I. xlvii. 2.

Ahwaenan, prat, ede, p.p. ed, to trouble,
contristare. Hb. xx. 7, where Lat. con-
tristatus. "Herof J?e lauedies to me
meneb, An wel sore me ahweneb, Wei
neh min heorte wule tochine, Hwon ich
beholde hire pine. 0 wl and Nightingale,
1562. Of this the ladies to me moan, and
pretty sorely distress me; well nigh my

VOL. II.

Ah warn an — cont.

heart will break (rocman), when I behold
their pain. Vcan rpeypian ahpsenebe T
hyptan opmobe, MS, C.C.C. 419, p. 246.
Let us comfort the distressed and encou-
rage the despairing. Cf. DD. 139, xlvii.

Alebpan, to lather. Lb. I. liv. See LealSor.
It is for Gelebpan.

Alor, Air, gen. -es, masc, the alder, alnus
glutinosa. Lb. I. ii. 14 ; aires, Lb. II. li.
3 ; masc. CD. 376.

Ananbeam, gen. -es, masc, the spindle
tree, euonymus Europaus. Lb. I. xxxii.
4. Germ, anisbaum. " ]7anabeam, fusa-
" num, spindle tree, pricktimber.,, Som-
nerLex. " Fusarius,uuananbeam," Gl.
M.M.

Anapypm, Ons worm, masc. Lb. I. xlvi. 1.
In the Ynglinga Saga, Anasott is said to
have taken its name from On, a king of
Sweden, who prolonged his own life by
sacrificing from time to time one of his
sons to Woden. SitSan andae'Sist en
konungr, ok er hann heygftr at Uppse-
lum. pat er siftan kellut Anasott er
maftr deyr verklaus af elli. Lleims-
kringla, Ynglinga S. xxix. Then ex-
pired king On, and teas buried at Upsal.
It was afterwards called On-sickness,
when a man dies from old age, without
agony. That the former element in
Anapypm, Anasott, is the same cannot
be doubtful.

Anrpilbe, unique (unicus, singularis).
Lb. I. ii. 9. Cf. Zwispild, geminns,
biformis. (Graff.)

Antre. See Ontre. Lb. II. li.

Arendan. Lb. II. lii.
' Argcsweorf, gen. -es, brass filings. Lb. I.
xxxiv. 1. See Gesweorf.

Arod, an herb, probably arum, "Apov. Lb.
III. xlii. Lacn. 2. Thus Cymed for
Cymen.

Ap 6m, copperas. The reading of the
MS. in Lb. II. xv. is sap 6m, translating
fjLSTa xaAKCty0ou Xeiov (/cai ju4\iti bXlyc>}
b.vaXafSwv'). XaXtcavOos is green vitriol.
But it is also brass rustf aerugo, and the

A A

370

GLOSSARY.

Ap 6m — cont.

true reading may be ap 6m. The word
copperas is commonly used for either the
green rust of copper, or the green vitriol
with which the kitchenmaid cleans brass
pans ; from its ambiguity it was con-
venient. Aeiov points to the levigated
rust.

Asaru, asarabacca, asarum JEuropceum.
Lb. II. xiv. Foles foot is Tussilago far-
fara.

Asiftan, to sift. Lb. L ii. 20.

Aslawen, struck, stricken, from arlean, for
f ar lagan, a collateral form. Contents,
Lb. I. lvi.= arias en in text. So cnucan
becomes cnupan, cnuan.

Asprindlad, ripped up and spanned open
with tenter hooks. Lb. II. xxiv. From
sprindel, tenticum, Gl. C, a tenter hook.
Cf. Spreisseln, Schmeller, Bayerisches
Worterbuch, IV. p. 593,

Atpum, a Latin word, Smyrnium olusa-
trum. Lb. I. ii. 20, etc.

Attoplabe, gen. -an ; " venom-loather,"
panicum crus galli. In Hb. xlv. attop-
labe is galli crus, and were there doubt,
it seems removed by MSS. G. T. A.,
which draw the p. sanyuinale, Linn., now
called digitaria sanguinalis. These two
grasses are included together in the
" cocksleg," hahnenbein of the Germans.
The corresponding article in MS. Bod-
ley, 130, gives the name'sanguinaria, and
the old gloss is Blobwrt, with a later of
the 14th century, "Blodwerte." San-
guinaria is often glossed as shepherds
purse, thlaspi or capsella bursa pastoris,
or as tormentilla, these being esteemed
stanchers of blood, or as polygonum ;
but in this instance it must be as above,
d. sanguinalis. With these testimonies
it is vain to consider how such virtue
was attributed to a grass. Did they
confuse panicum with panacea ? The
glossaries give no real help. "Atrilla,
" attorlathe," Gl. Dun., where atrilla
seems to be afccoplabe with a Latin ter-
mination. " Astrilla," Gl. Sloane, 146.

Attoplabe — cont.

" Cyclaminos, attorlathe," id., but cycla-
men is in Herbarium " slite." " Galli
" crus, attorlathe," id., a quotation from
our book. "Fenifuga, attorlathe," id., un-
derstand venenifuga, a translation of the
Saxon word. "Venenifuga, atteplabe,"
Gl. Somner, p. 66 [63] b. 27. " Morella,
" alterlohe,'' Gl. Harl. 978, but morella
is atropa belladonna, and poisonous itself.
Ateplafte, betonica, Lye, from a Gl. ;
but betony and attorlothe are separately
named in Lb. I. i. 15. The claims of
asclepias vincetoxicum are set aside by
its being a foreign plant. The heal all
of the old Dansk, Laukr, has no support
from our authorities. Lye prints, by
some error, sattorlabe also. The small
attorlothe occurs in Lb. I. xlv. 6.

Aurugo is interpreted by Du Cange la
jaunisse, the jaundice. This rendering is
supported by the etymon aurum, gold,
and by authority ; aurugo, color in auro,
sicut in pedibus accipitris, i . gelesouch,
Gl. E. vol. ii. p. 992 a, the colour one
sees in gold, as in a hawks feet, the
yellow sickness. Gelisuhtiger, ictericus,
auruginosus, Graff, vol. vi. col. 142.
Our text, however, interprets aurugo, as
a tugging or drawing of the sinews, Hb.
Perhaps this may be explained by ob-
serving that auriginosus is glossed ar-
cuatus, Du Cange ; auruginosus, ar-
cuatus, Gl. Isid. Not very differently
from our text ; " Artuatus, rybmyole
" abl," Gl. R. p. 11, ult., read arcuatus
and it may be, geole, or muscle ;
whence it might well be supposed
that 07ri<T Q6tovos was meant, a term ap-
plied to bows, bent back the opposite
way to their natural curvature, especially
true of horn bows, Gortynia cornua, and
to persons suffering under that extreme
form of tetanus, in which the feet and
head are drawn back till they touch.
Aurigo is also,[in Apul. lxxxvii., morbus
regius, which was another mediaeval
name for the jaundice ; Graff, vol. vi.,

GLOSSARY.

371

Aurugo — cont.

141. Graffs mark of interrogation at
the word Gelbsucht, would be removed
by the publication of our texts.

Abpepan, f -bpeap, -Npen, turn, coagu-
late. See ppepan. Lb. I. xlv. 5.

Abyn, press. Lb. I. viii. 2. His eyes aep
paepon ucaftybe oy bam eahhpm^um,
MH. 98 b, were before thrust out of their
sockets. See pyn.

B.

Ban — 1. A bone.

2. A leg, neut, pi. ban. Lb. Li. 15 ;
I. xxvi. ; II. li., where it is leg, so
Caedm. ? Daniel, MS. p. 195, 5. Pseudo
Csedm. H.H. MS. p. 223, 20, their legs
failed them. " Tibialis, banpypc," Gl.
M.M.

Banpypc, fern., gen. in -e. 1. banewort,
viola, not blue voilet, but viola lactea,
white violet, and v. lutea, Heartsease.
In Hb. clii. 1, bonewort is in the
Latin version of Dioskorides, (not ex-
isting in the Hellenic) " viola alba :" in
Hb. clxv. it is also distinguished from
viola purpurea in art. clxvi. Lb. I. i. 15.

2. Bellis perennis, daisy, bseger eage ;
but at a period later than our text ; and

l perhaps by error. " Consolida minor,
" daysey, venwort, idem bonewort," Gi.
Had. 3388. "Consolida minor, i.bon-
" wert," Gl.M. " Consolida minor, days-
"y^e," Gl. Bodley, 178. "Consolida
" minor. Daysei is an herbe bat sum
" men callet hembrisworte ober bone-
" wort," Gl. Douce, 290. " Consolida
" minor . i . petit comferi . anglice dayis-
" hege . habet florem album," Gl. Raw-
linson, c. 607. Benwort, daisy, (Dick-
insons Cumberland Gl. in add.)

3. Erytkraa centaureum, if we trust
" centaurea minor, banpypc," Gl. Somn.,
p. 64 b, 18. The wort is said to have
cpoppan, bunches, either racemes or

Banpypc — cont.

umbels or cimes, which applies better
to this lesser centaury than to heartsease
or to daisy. Lb. II. li. 2.

4. " Filia aurea, banpypc." Gl. Cleop.
Fila. aurea, Solidago virgaurea, Bot.,
sometimes called consolida Saracenica.

Ba'Sian, to bathe, is to be distinguished
from Beftian, to beathe or warm. In the
Lb. MS. fol. 92 a, the penman first had
written e, but this he erased to put a. But
as the old idea of a bath did not include
cold water, the words are nearly allied.

Belene, beolene, gen. -an, fern. ? henbane,
hyoscyamus niger. Hb. v. Lb. I. ii. 22 ;
I. iii. 3. Another name is henne belle,
from its bell shaped capsules, which are
drawn in MS. V., and from them the
name belene, seems derived ; belle, a
bell; beWen, furnished with bells ; and the
final e is the usual final distinctive form
of names of worts. The modern name
henbane is independent, and derived from
its poisonous qualities; another is henne-
pol, with the same sense.

Beopc, bark, latratus. Hb. lxvii. 2. Ge-
beopc, Sc. 55 b. ^.G. 2, 44.

Beorftor, byrftor, gen. -res. 1. the embryo,
foetus. Quad. iv. 4; Bed. 493, 40.
" Foetu, cubpe vel mib beopbpe," Gl.
Cleop. 40 b. N. 50.

2. Childbirth, partus, Quad. iv. 6.
Beopftopcpelmar, abortivi, Lye. Lb. III.
xxxvii. Cf. Mone, p. 411 a.

Beopypc, fern., beewort, sweet flag, acorus
calamus. Hb. vii. " Marubium, hune
" vel beopypc," Gl. Cleop. fol. 61 a,
wrong. In Hb. vii. a synonym in the
Latin is Veneria, and the mediaeval mar-
ginal annotations on Dioskorides give
on "AKopop (not Acorus), oi 5e, x<fy>os,
'AtppoSiarias, 'Vwjjlouol fievepea, oi 5e, vavrina.
paSi|, TaXKoi TreirepaKiov/jt.; that IS, Aco-
rum is called in Latin Veneria, and by
the Gauls peper apium (for apum), bees
pepper : (for the Celtic use of kappa in-
stead of pi, see SSpp. art. 20). What
our text says about bees, is to be under-

A A 2

;72

GLOSSAEY.

Beopypc — cont.

stood, as that the -wort will induce an
unsettled swarm of bees to reconcile
themselves to an offered hive ; hence it
was reasonably called beewort : and so
Dioskorides, of Acorum says, that the
roots are not in smell unpleasant ; r;7
oafxfj ovk ar]de?s. In MS. V. the root
chiefly is drawn, and the figure corre-
sponds minutely with the description in
Dioskorides, that they,for he uses a plural,
are not straight grown, but oblique and
superficial, divided by knots ; ovk els eudb
irecpvKvlas a\Aa irXayias Kal e£ iTrnroXrjs,
ySvacri SteiATj/x^ueVas. That he adds
v-rroXeuKovs, whitish, while the English
drawing has a strong red, may be set
down to the artistic tastes of the painter.
The drawing in MS. A. is very similar.
Somners Gi. p. 63 a, line 59, translates
apiago by beowyrt. In MS. Bodley,
130, veneria is drawn as acorum, with a
large creeping root, and glossed "lemre"
for the English name. Dorsten calls the
roots of acorus " rubicundas," as co-
loured in MS. V., and on this ground
several glossaries make acorus = madder.
The x&P0S °f the margin of Dioskorides
is another form of acoros, and 'A^oSi^r/as
has the same sense as veneria. MS. G.
figures a crow foot, with gl. "honefus."
2. Acanthe. Hb. cliv. figured as stel-
laria holostea.

Besengian, to singe. Lb. I. li. See Sengian.

Besoreadan, to empurple. Lb. I. xlvii. 1 ;
from baso, purple, and read, red.

Byben, gen. -e, fem., a bucket: used in
Lb. I. xxxii. 2. with a perforated stool,
and thus evidently the modern bidet.

Bmppypc, fern., gen. in -e, a rush, a iuncus
or car ex or butomus umbellatus, as in
German.

BypiSbepge, fem., gen. -an, -ean, a mul-
berry. Lb. II. xxx. 2. Moros, mulberry
trees, Ps. lxxvii. 52, is translated by
bypig and by mapbeamap. Spelm.
Bepisbp-enc, diamoron, Gl. in Lye, a
drink made from mulberries with honey.

Bypla, masc, gen. -an, the barrel, in the
horse keepers sense ; Lb. I. lxxxviii. 3,
from the context and the modern word.
As, however, there is but this known
example, it may be perineum, like bsere,
in Molbech. Cf. " Burlings, the tails
" and other parts, which are taken from
" lambs when sheared. Burl, to take such
" wool from lambs as is dirtied, or liable
" to additional deterioration from their
" laxity of body." Salopia antiqua Gl.

Bipceoppypt, fem. gen. in -e, bishopsivort,
ammi maius. (Skinner, Nemnich,Elorio,
Cotgrave, Lovell, Culpeper.) This is
medicinal, but foreign, and must be
taken as cultivated by our " herborists,"
as Lyte says of it. Bishops weed=ammi.
Skinner. So we read " the southern "
bishopwort, Lb. II. liv.

2. Verbena officinalis? if we trust Gl.
Somn. p. 64 a, 1, with p. 66 [63] b, 32.

3. "Hibiscus?" tree mallow. Gl. Cleop.
Gl. M.M. Vitex "Agnus castus,,} Gl.
Arund. 42, fob 92. " Puleium mon-
" tanum," Gl. Arund. 42.

Bipceoppypt: peo Iseppe, the lesser
bishopswort, betonica officinalis. "Beto-
" nica,"Gl.Somn.p.64a,49 ; Gl. Arund.
42; Gl. Dun. ; Gl. Mone, p. 320 b ; Gl.
Eaust ; Hb. i. ; but Skinner says " be-
" tonica aquatica," which is scrophularia
aquatica, Bot. ; and Culpeper says,
" water betony, in Yorkshire bishops
" leaves."

Bice, gen. -ep, masc. 1. a bite. 2. a
cancer. 1. pi. bicap, Quadr. xiii. 7; Isl.
bit, a bite, is neuter (B.H.). Biz, ohg.,
biss in Germ., are masc. The word is
followed by heo, Quadr. xi. 7, but that
will be an error. Slice also and others
have final e. Lb. I. xliv. 1.

Bkec, gen. -ep? a blotch. Lb. Contents,
I. xxxii., with article pam. "Vitiligo,
" blec," Gl. M.M. p. 154 b, 39, where
is added bpuppel, leprosy, the same as
Goth, brutsfill, AeVpa. Similarly id. p.
164 b, 3, but blecch.

2. Ink, encaustum. DD. 395.

GLOSSARY.

3"'

to

Bloj'an, proet. f bleoj', pp. bloj'en, to blow,
bloom, blossom, florere. Tpeoj' a he be}>
yrcjilice bloj'an, M.Sp. p. 1G, Trees
he shall cause suddenly to bloom. Mid
blowenduin wyrtum, Horn. II. 352,
with blooming worts. OS ~p hi beconion
to runium rcmenbum yelba pe^pe
Seblopen, M.H. 99 b, Till they came
to a shining plain, fair and blooming
(" fairly blown "). C.E. 1 99, 200, etc.

Bogen. See Boften, convertible, Lb. p.
310, note. Lb. III. iv. xxvi. xxx. lxii. 1.

Box, neut. ? Lb. II. lix. 14. tobpoeenum
realyboxe, Mark xiv. 3. Buxus, box
tpeop. Buxum, popcajiuen box, -ZEG.
5, ult. It is therefore direct from the
late Latin, and seems to follow its gender.

BotSen, gen. -er ; probably wild thyme, thy-
mus serpyllum. Bobener, Lb. III. iv. In
Hb. lxxxi. boSen is rosemary, which is
a native of the south of Europe. In
Hb. cxlix. it is employed to translate
thyme, and this is native to England.
" Lolium, boben," Gl. Somn., p. 77 a,
but darnel is not to the unskilled eye
at all like thyme and rosemary ; it
seems however to be considered only
as a mean herb by the glossator.
The drawing in MS. V., fol. 39 d,
has not simple leaves as for either rose-
mary or thyme it should have (H.), but
it may be the artists view of either.
" Rosmarinus, sundeav vel bothen vel
" feld medere," Gl. Dun. "Rosmarinus,
" sundeaw," Gl. Mone, p. 322 b. ; this
is a failure to translate ros marinus as
sea dew ; our sundew or drosera is wholly
different. In MS. Bodley, 130, there is
no drawing of rosmarinus, but a hand of
the 14th century has glossed the article
" feld rnodere;" this seems to come of
very careless observation. " Rosmari-
" num, feld msedere," Gl. Mone, p. 322 a.
White bothen is great daisie, says
Gerarde.

BpeaS, brittle. Hb. cxl. 1. cvdpauaTos.

Bpecan, verb reflexive, bpecan hine,
make an effort to spew. Lb. II. lii. 1.

Bpecan — eont.

" Brakyn or castyn or spew'e, vomo
" evomo," Prompt. Parv. " Brakynge or
" parbrakynge, vomitus, evomitus," id.

Bpebe? a particolour ed cloth; mib bpebe.
Lb. III. ii. 1. Cf. Bpaebelr, stragidum,
Gl. in Lye. Cf. B]\f 5b, C.E. 218, line 9.
Bregben, C.E. 219, line 13.

Bpe^ban, prcet. bpaeb, p. part, bpogben, to
do anything with a sudden jerk or start.
Lb. II. Ii. 3. etc.

Bpyrepypt, fern., gen. -e, pimpernel, ana-
gallis. " Anagallis, brisewort," Gl. Raw-
linson, c. 506. Gl. Harl. 3388. Leech-
doms, vol. I. p. 374.

2. Bellis pere?inis,MS. Laud. 553, fol. 9.
Plainly for Hembriswyrt. See Ban-
pypc, 2.

Bpipan, to brew, prast. bpeop, p. part,
bpopen. Lb. I. xlvii. 3, make a brewit,
a lomentum, dress. Lb. I. xxxvi. Bpip
his niece pij> ele. Lb. II. Ii. 1,3. O.T.
254, 9. Horn. I. 352.

Bpyben, neut., what has been brewed. Lb.
I. lxvii. 2. C.E. p. 1G 1,4 -MS. fol. 47 a,
8, where the use of barm is mentioned.
He geann ... an bpyben mealces ; one
brewing of mall ; malt for one brewing.
Wulfgeats Will, unpublished.

Bpocmmce, -an, fern., mentha hirsula,
Bot. Hb. cvi. " Sisymbrium, an herbe,
** wherof bee two kyndes, the one is
" called Sisymbrium alone, whiche is also
" called Thymbrea, in englishe water
" mynte." Elyots Diet, by T. Cooper.
See the synonyms from mediaeval sources
in the Elora Britannica, with the words
" In aquosis vulgaris."

Bpom, gen. -er, masc. ? broom, cytisus
scoparius, (Hooker). Lb. I. ii. 14.

Bpobeppypc, fern., gen. -e, penny royal,
mentha pulegium, Gl. Brux.

Bpuneban, a dative : Lb. I, iv. 6, a dis-
ease, bruuella ; as I conclude from the
following ; " oris vitium cum linguse
" tumore, exasperatione, siccitate et
" nigredine ; unde et nomen teutonice
" habet, vulgo brunella." Kilian in

374

GLOSSARY.

Bpuneban — cant.

bruyne. Album Grsecum, prescribed in
Lb. for this disease, is said by Salmon
(Engl. Phys. p. 753) to cure "Diseases
" of the Throat and Quinsies : for a sore
" throat called Pruna, you may use it."

Bpunpypt, fern., gen. in -e, broivn wort,
scrqfularia aquatica, water betony.
(Skinner, Lyte, Nemnich, Culpeper.) So
braunwurtz in Dodoens. I suppose " the
" broad leaved brownwort which waxeth
" in woods," Lb. I. xxxviii. 4, to be
scrofula ria nodosa.

2. Hb. art. lvii. makes bpunpypc the
fern called splenium or asplenium, and
Gl. Dun. copies that. Ceterach officina-
rum is meant. It has a brown under
surface, but the drawing in MS. V. is
not a fern at all. Spimon vel reverion,
Gl. Brux., where spimon is a misreading
of splenion.

3. Also the vaccinium or bilberry
shrub, Gl. Somn. p.66[63]b, 12, where
bpanpypt is printed. Gl. Dun.

4. Prunella vulgaris, where prun is
brown. So the Maastricht Gl. in Mone,
p. 285 a. Nemnich. See also Bruyne
in Kilian.

Bulentpe, a wort. Lb. I. xlvii. 2. There
must have been more than one of the
name, as the passage mentions the small
sort.

Buloc, Lb. I. lviii. 2 ; Bulut, Lb. III.
xlviii. ; the root of lychnis flos cuculi ?
See Plinius xxi. 97=26. Ballota, BaA-
Xwtt), nigra ? Boletus ?

c.

Caspen, neut. ? a Latin word, carenum,
wine boiled down one third and sweetened.
" Cypen, i.e. apilleb pin . dulcisapa/' Gl.
in Lye. Mib bam cepenum bsepe gob-
ppelhcan ppetnyppe, St.Gu'Slac, cap. xvii.
- p. 72, 1. 7. Gen. -er. Lb. I. i. 17.

Caepre, gen. -an, fem, ? cress, water cress,
nasturtium officinale. The drawings in
V. A. have opposite leaves and a stout
tripartite terminal fruit or inflorescence,
so that they are " most like caper spurge,
" euphorbia lathy ris," (H.) But the op-
posite leaves with a racemose arrange-
ment of the flowers, which latter may be
seen in MS. T., is sufficient for us, with
the synonym in Hb. xxi. " Nasturtium."
In MS. G. is a gloss, " Cart chresse,"
where the former word may stand for
KapSa/jLov, cress. The drawing in MS. G.
is a good deal like the herb, and that in
MS. T. is meant for it. " Cardamon,
" cearse," Gl. Dun. Tun cseppe, garden
cress, lepidium sativum ; Dutch, Tuinkers.

Camecon, cammock ? which see. Lb. I.
xlvii. 3. Cf. Hleomoc, Hleomocan.

Cammoc, Commuc, gen. -ep. 1. Sulfur
wort, harestrang, peucedanum officinale,
Hb. art. xcvi., and so drawn MS. V. fol.
45 a. Peucedanum, gl. dogge fenell,
MS. Bodley, 130, adding " or balde-
" monie," which is gentian. "Peuee-
" danum, cammok," Gl. M. ; Gl. Dun.,
dog fenell (Grete Herbal). The fine
linear leaves are meant in a bad drawing
in MS. Harl. 5294, where is gl. hand
fenell. Peucedanum is harstrang in
Hollands Plinius (index, vol. ii.), and
in Dutch and German, and in Cotgrave.
Harestrong is peucedanum officinale in
Mylnes Indigenous Botany, 1793. Peu-
kedanum was also rightly read as hogs
fennel, in a Welsh Gl. of the 13th cen-
tury (Meddygon Myddfai, p. 291). The
name fennel is derived from its linear
leaves. The genitive. Lb. III. xxx.

2. Anonis, rest harrow, Gl. Harl. 3388.
Gl. Arundel, 42. Gerarde. Gl. Sloane,
405. Gl. Dorsetshire, Culpeper. See
Cammoc whin, which is the correct word.

3. Hypericum, also pulicaria dysenterica,
also senecio lacobcea ; Gl. New Porest.

Cammoc whin, rest harrow, anonis, MS.
Laud. 553, fol. 18. The leaves are ter-
nate like those of the true cammock.

GLOSSARY.

375

Carruc, gen. in -er, masc, hassock, aira
cccspitosa. Lb. III. lxii., lxiii., Ixiv.
Hassuc, masc, CD. 655. Cf. Neninich.
A confirmation in Lacn. 79.

Cauhc, gen. -er, a medicine of which two
or three drops are prescribed, Lb. II.
lii. 3, perhaps kwKlkov, koKikqv.

Capel, masc, colewort, brassica oleracea,
Lb. III. xii., xliv.

Ceac, gen. -es, masc, a jug, urna: pi. cea-
car. Bed. p. 520, 1. 6, with Smiths note,
p. 97. Lb. Lii. 11. Horn. I. 428.

2. Laver of the temple of Solomon ;
luter, \ovTT)p. P. A. 21b.

Cealpe, ceolpe, ceolbpe, ace -e, nom. pi.
-as, masc, pressed curds, curds crumbled
and pressed into a cake. " Calmaria,
" cealpe ; Caluiale, cealepbjnp," Gl.
Cleop. "Muluctra, ceolbpe," Gl.C. The
dat. occurs, Lb. I. xxxix., ace I. xliv. 1.
Lacn. 57, pi. At5a£. 51. Compare Germ.
Gallerte, iem.,jelhj.

Ceartep aej-c. See JEyc.

Cearrep pyjic, fern., gen. -e, black helle-
bore, helleborus niger. Lb. I. xxxix. 2.

Cebelc, Mercurialis perennis. Hb. lxxxiv.
from the text and drawings. " Mercuri-
" alis, cedelc vel merce," Gl. Dun., where
the insertion of marche or celery arose
from its similarity to the first syllable
in mercurialis. " Mercurialis, cebelc .
" cyplic," Gl. Mone, p. 320 b ; but the
tradition of our people forbids us to be-
lieve that mercury is charlock.

Celenbpe, fern., gen. -an, coriander, corian-
drum sativum. Lb. I. iii. 9. Also celen-
beji, Lb. I. iv. 2, probably after the Latin
and neuter ; dat. -bpe, Lb. I. xxxv.

Celebeme, celebome, cylebenie, fern., gen.
-an, celandine, chelidonium mains, by
English tradition. But Glaucium luteum
is the x*^&vVL°v Me7« of Dioskorides,
according to Sprengel. The drawing
in MS. V. fol. 38 a, is meant perhaps for
chelidonium maius (II.) Hb. lxxv. Lb.
I. ii. 2, and often.

Cepplle, cypplle, fern., gen. -an ; garden
chervil, anthriscus cerefvlium , Bot.

Cepyille — cont.

J7ubucepplle, wild chervil, anthriscus
silvestris, Lb. II. Ii. 4. Lacn. 62.

8eo peabe pubu pile, Lacn. 68. J7ubu
cepplle, Hb. lxxxvi., is in both places
sparagia agrestis, wild asparagus, or as-
paragus acutifolius, Linn. Asparagus
agrestis, becomes eopftnapola, Hb. exxvi.
2, by neglecting agrestis. Sparagia gres-
tis, vude cearfille. Sparago, nefle, Gl.
Dun.

Cicel, masc, a cake. Germ. Kuchen, masc,
a cake. Quadr. ix. 17. Lb. I. xlvi. 2.
" Buccella," Gl. in Lye ; masc. Lacn.
44. Ai5a|. 63, 21. A word still in use ;
Moores Suffolk words, Bakers Northants
Gl. Kersey. " A flat triangular cakeP
Moore.

Cicena mete, masc, gen. -er, chickenmeat,
chickweed, stellaria media, formerly called
alsine media, Linn. Hippia minor, etc
" Ispia minor, [read Hippia~], chyken-
" mete," Gl. Bawl, c 607. " Ipia minor,
" chykynmete album florem [habet]."
Gl. Harl. 3388. Similarly, Gl. M., Gl.
SI., 1571. "Modera,"Gl. Dun. Muronis,
Gl. Brux.

Cymeb for Cymen ? n and d being kindred
dentals. Lb. I. xxxix. 2. Lye con-
jectured for chamsedrys, germander.

Cymen, neut. (as Lb. II. xliv.), cummin,
kv[xivov, cuminum cyminum, a foreign
plant.

Kmcean, Lb. I. xvi. 1. I find " Kinnock,
" the artichoke, cynara scolymos,"
(Nemnich). " Cariscus, kinhbeam," Gl.
Sloane, 146. "Cariscus, epicbeam," Gl.
Somner, p. 64 b, 54, all agree that the
quickbeam is the (sorbus or) pirus au-
cuparia. The reader will suspect I
should have read kuihbeam, but the MS.
marks the i. " Virecta, cincae," Gl.
M.M. In these times virecta are green
shoots, as in Vita Godrici, p. 43, line 1,
applying well to the parts of the arti-
choke that are eaten. Kinphen, grem-
sich, Gl. Mone, p. 289 a, and Grensing,

376

GLOSSARY.

Kmcean — cont.

nymphcea, Graff. Gl. Mone, p. 290 b, 6,
corrected.

The spelling qmce in Lacn. 4, makes
us suspect quince.

Cypnel, masc, gen. -ep, kernel of a nut.
" Nucli, cypnlap," Gl. Cleop. fol. 66 a,
read nuclei.

Cypnel, neut, pi. cypnelu, kernel, hard
glandular swelling, churnel, grumus.
Hb. iv. 2, 3 ; xiv. 2 ; lxxv. 5.

Cyplybb, neuter ? rennet, Quad. iv. 14.
See Lib. Rennet is the substance which
turns milk to curd, for which purpose
is often used a calfs stomach ; hapan
cyrlyb implies that the stomach of a
hare or leveret would have the same
effect. Otherwise cyrgepunn, Collo-
quium, p. 28 ; not caseus, nor yet a
cheese, but rennet. Unhbban is other-
wise declined, Horn. II. 504 ; lyb is in
Gl. C.C.C. Cf. Lacn. 18.
Clseppe, gen. -an, fern. ? clover, trifolium
pratense, Lb. I. xxi. Amid a wilderness
of confusion, the ternate leaves of the
figure in MS. Bodley, 130, at Hb. lxx. ;
the close relationship between hares foot
and clover in the old herbals, as Lytes,
the similarity of the drawings in MS. V.
at art. lxx. and art. lxii. ; a comparison
of the drawings of clover, art. lxx., and
hart clover, art. xxv., have convinced me
that I have rightly determined the worts
meant by )>apan hige and Clseppe. Kipaiou
to which claeppe is equivalent, Hb. lxx.,
was in Dioskorides a pappose plant,
carduus parvijlorus (Sprengel). Lindley
makes cirsium a cynaraceous genus.
The trifolium pratense or purple clover is
in German Kleber, Klever, Kleve, and
-klee, Rothe-, Gemeiner- and Brauner-
Wiesen-klee ; in Dutch Roode klaver,
etc. ; in Dansk Rod-klever, etc. ; in
Swedish Klofver, etc. The drawing in
MS. V. Hb. lxx. by itself " wont do for
" Trifolium ; corresponds as far as it
" goes with Thymus serpyllum," (H.)
J. Grimm makes clseppe clover.

Clate, fem., gen. -an ; 1. The greater, the
burdock, arctium lappa. " Blitum vel
" lappa, elate," Gl. Somn. p. 66 [63] b,
30. " Bardane la grande, the burrdeck,
" slote \_read clote] burr, great burr,'*
Cotgrave. " Bardona .i . cletes . vel burres
" secundum aliquos," Gl. Rawl. c. 607.
" Elixis . i . lappa bardana . i . clote," Gl.
Harl. 3388. " Lappa maior . i . bardana,
clote," Gl. Harl. 3388.

2. The lesser ; clivers, goosegrass,
catchweed, little bur, galium aparine.
"Amorfolia, clace," Gl. Somn. p. 66 [63]
b, 44, that is, love leaves, from cleaving
to passengers ; so Gl. Dun. Hb. clxxiv.
MS. O. The drawing, MS. V. fol. 64,
is " a very neat representation of aspe-
" rula odorata," (H.), but the asperula
is not a burr plant, and the nearly akin
G. Aparine must have been in the
draughtsmans intention. It is called <pi\-
dvBpunos, as sticking to men and women.
" Philantropium, lappa, elate," Gl. R. 41.
Lappa, the catcher, from Aafiicrdai, lay
hold of, is applied like clote to both
these herbs, in other particulars unlike.
Clote itself must have the same sense,
and with exceptional vocalisation is a de-
rivative of cleopian, and for f cleopte, as
shte for f phhte, is from slean, f rlegan.

Chpe, fem., gen. -an ; clivers. The greater
is burdock, arctium lappa. The lesser is
galium aparine, Lb. I. 1. 2. The same as
clippypt. " Apparine, cliue." Gl. Dun.

Clippypt, fem., gen. in -e, burdock, arc-
tium lappa. Assuming the syllable clip
to signify cleaving, the Xanthium struma-
rium and the Asperugo procumbens are
too rare ; the Galiums or the Arctium
lappa are common ; the equivalent poxep
chpe (Lacn. 112). seems to suit better
the burdock, which will grow in the wet
shore of a river, and so be eapypt.
" Blitum vel lappa, elate vel chypypt,"
Gl. Somn. p. 6Q [63] b, 30. Lb. I. xv. 3.
2. Galium aparine, written clrSpypt,
Lacn. 69, where occurs a gloss, Rubea
minor.

GLOSSARY.

Cluye ? fern., pi. in -e, a clove, the bulb or
tuber of a plant. Lb. III. xli., etc.

Clupht, cluyehc, cloved, having a clove,
bulbed, tuberous. Lb. III. xli., etc.

Cluybunj;, cluybunse, fern., gen. in -e, also
-an, doffing, ranunculus sceleratus,
Hb. ix. In MS. G. the true herb is
drawn ; in MS. A. the flowers are at
least yellow, with five petals ; but in
MS. V. fol. 21 a, all likeness is lost,
puns is poison, cluy- is clove, the tuberous
root ; as of some of this tribe. Cluy-
pungan, Hb. ex. 3, where the Latin
again makes the wort a ranunculus.
" Mortali veneno, mid settrigere cluf-
" bunge," Gl. Mone, p. 349 b, an erro-
neous version ; but an example of the
feminine. " Scelerata herba vel apium
" risus, anglice cloftong," Gl. Sloane,
405. " Scelerata, gl. cloftunge," MS.
Bodley, 130. "As yellow as a claut," that
is, marsh ranunculus (Wilts.). " Batra-
" chium," Gl. Brux.

" Cicuta, eloftunke," Gl. Harl. 3388,
an error, cicuta is hemlock ; the poi-
sonous quality misled the writer.
" Cloning, the plant hellebore." Halli-
well and the English Macer, MS. in
Prompt. Parv., vol. i. p. 198 ; a similar
error occurs, Lb. I. i. 7.

Cluypypc, clovewort, fern., gen. -e, ranun- .
cuius acris. In MS. G. the figure is that
of ranunculus as in " scelerata," but here
the root is tuberous, so MS. T., but less
well ; MS. A. preserves a resemblance,
which is almost lost in MS. V. Hb. x.
" Batrocum," Gl. Dun., that is fSarp&xi-ov.

Cneopholen, masc, knee holly, knee holm,
-holn, -hulver, butchers broom, Ruscus
aculeatus, Hb. lix. The gender is de-
termined by C.E. p. 437, 19, where the
translation "alder," is an unfortunate
blot. Two kinds are mentioned, Lb. I.
xlvii., but one only is native to England.
The second may be presumed to be R.
Alexandrina of the middle ages, which
included i?. hypoglossum, JR. Iiypofyllum,
H. racemosus, of the Bot.

Core, gen. -es, costmary, alecost, tanacetum
balsamita. Lb. II. lv. 1, etc.

Crawleac. See Leac.

Cpimman, prset. cpam, p. part, cpumen, to
reduce to crumbs, to crumble. Cpnn. Lb.
I. lxi. 1.

Cropleac. See Leac.

Cpuc, masc, a cross. Lb. II. lvi. 4.

Cu, gen. cue, fern., cow, vacca. The de-
clension is often contracted ; gen. Lb.
I. xxxviii. 11, by contr. cu ; Ssec an
beoyol on bajpe cu hpyege, M.H. 194 a,
There sat a devil on the cows back. Dat.
cy. Fepbe oy ftaepe cy, ibid., the devil
went off from the cow; gen. pi. cuna ;
yeopepcrg cuna, Gen. xxxii. 15 ; dat. pi.
cum ; unbep. yolcum, Par. Ps. lxvii. 27,
for yolc cum, as Grein suggests ; ace.
pi. cy ; ic heebbe . . . gecelye cy, Gen.
xxxiii. 13, where ge is con ; SSpp. 261,
cows with their calves.

Culmillan, for cupmellan ? Lb. I. xvi. 1.

Cumb, masc, gen. -ey, a vessel, Ki dolium,"
MS. St. Joh.Oxon. 154 ; SSpp. art. 1026.
Lacn. 37. Cf.yilbcumb. Lb.III.liii.

Cumulu, pi., glandular swellings, translates
crKippd>iu.ara. Hb. clvii.

Cunelle, fern., gen. -an, a Latin word,
cunila, a thymiaceous plant, say Thymus
vulgaris, a garden herb, but it is not
rue, as the glossator of the Lindisfarne
Gospels, Luke xi. 42, says, nor chervil,,
as another Gl. says.

J7ubu cunelle, thymus scrpyllum, wild
thyme. Lb. III. xxii.

Cupnielle yeo rnape, Chlora perfoliata,
Bot. ; Cupmelle yeo lasyye, Erythrcea cen-
taureum, Bot. Hb. xxxv. xxxvi. All
the MSS., V., A., G., T. figure in both
these articles, the same wort, and in all
they are the Erythrcea centaureum. The
mediaeval glossaries make no difficulty of
the lesser, but they had lost the clue to
the greater. The tradition is from
Plinius, xxv. 30,31. Though some of
the continental botanists make no hesi-
tation in identifying the greater centau-
rion of Plinius, with centaurea, yet his

378

GLOSSARY.

Cupmelle — cont.

expression, " caules geniculate," seems
irreconcileable with the genus. The in-
terpreter of our MS., however, and the
draughtsman did not know what plant to
name for the greater, nor did Fuchsius,
the botanic reformer. Of the less, Plini-
us says, " Hoc (minus) centaurion nostri
" fel terra? vocant propter amaritudinem
" summam." " The whole plant is ex-
" tremely bitter, and when dried is used
" in country places as a substitute for
" gentian root," (Lindley). Lyte (p. 375)
describes Eryth. c, and mentions (p. 436)
its bitterness, calling it " the small cen-
" torie." " Centaurea minor, horse galle,"
Gl. Sloane, 5, where " horse " means
wild. " C. maior, cristes ladder," Gl.
Sloane, 5, but minor, Gl. Sloane, 135;
Christs ladder cannot be polemonium
cseruleum, which is nowise to the pur-
pose. " C. be more is not well knowen,"
Gl. Sloane, 5, fol. 18 b. " Centaurea
" maior, anglice more centori or yrthe
" galle, it hathe leuys like lasse centori
" whytt, with on [one] stalk and yolow
" fiowrys and he fiowryth nott in be
" topp," Gl. Sloane, 135 ; and so Harl.
3840, this is chlo?-a perfoliata. Centaurea
maior coniungit folia iuxta stipitem,
florem habet croceum, MS. T., fol. 63 a.
" Centaurea minor, anglice lasse centori,
" with lasse leuys and grener ben be more
" centori, and hath mony branches com-
" yng out of on, with flowre some dele
" redde," Gl. Sloane, 135, plainly eryth-
rcea c. The [H]ortus Sanitatis figures
for centaurea, the erythrceum c. Sibthorp
in the Flora Grscca sustains the assertion.
Centaurea, erthegalle, is drawn in Grete
Herbal as C. cyanus. Dorsten says the
greater centaury is unknown, yet draws
it as C. cyanus.

Curlyppan, obi. case, cow slip, primula veris ;
fern. ? is a compound of cu, perhaps in
the genitive, and slyppan. See Oxanrlyp-
pan, Lb. III. xxx. Slyppan is probably
the sloppy dropping of a cow.

Cpseb, neut, dung. Lb. T. 1. 2 ; II. xlviii.
bynne is also neuter.

Cpelbehc, full of evil matter, of pestilence.
Lb. I. liv. The termination as in csep-
r lhc, cressy ; cluphc, cloved ; cneoehc,
kneed; hsepihc, hairy ; haebiht, heathy ;
hpeodiht, reedy ; helmiht, leafy ; stsen-
lhc, stony ; bopniht, thorny. For cpylb,
see Lye.

Cwicbeam, gen. -es, masc. 1. By tradition
the rowan tree, Pirus aucuparia.

2. Iuniperus communis, many glos-
saries.

3. Furze, or gorse, Vlex Europceus,
Lb. I. xxxi. 3. Prompt. Parvul. See
Hb. cxlii.

4. The aspen, Populus tremula, Pref.
vol. I. p. Ixxxvi.

Cpi'S, gen. in -er, masc, the matrix, uterus,
vulva. Lb. III. xxxvii. xxxviii.

Cjnft, Lb. I. xlvii. 3, Matricaria ? Bead
cpice ?

D.

Dsel, gen. -es, neut. a dale, vallis, "barath-
" rum." C.E. p. 93, 1. 26, p. 94, 1. 18.
Csedm. if Csedm., p. 16, line 11, p. 22,
1. 10.

Dsel, gen. -es, mostly masc, sometimes
neut., like Germ. Theil, part, pars. The
masc occ everywhere. Exx. of neut.
Ai$a£. 52, unless nominatival apposition
is there used ; as is perhaps the case in
Lb. II. xxx. Heo naemg bael leohcer
rciman gereon mihte, Bed. 578, 20.
Sum bael oftper peopcef to pypcanne,
D.G. 23 b.

Deaj-'e, gen. -e, fern. ? deafness, surditas, Lb.
I. iii. 2, 5. Cf. Isl. Deyfa, fern. id. (B.H.)

Pile, gen. -es, masc, dill, anethum graveo-
lens. Lib. I. i. 8 ; II. xxxiii. Leechd.
vol. I. p. 374, where haepene is for
hsepenne by suppression of consonant;
Pref. vol. I. p. c. ci.

GLOSSAHY.

379

Dile — cont.

Ilaejien dile ; perhaps Achillea tomcn-
tosa ; for Cotgrave explains A net as
secondly, " little or yellow harrow," for
which I read yarrow, the finely divided
leaves of which might obtain it this
name.
Dylsta ? mucus ; pi. dylstan. Lb. I.

xxxi. 5. Cf. II. xxix.
Dylstiht, mucous, slimy. Lb. I. xxix. 1.
Dynige, it seems, an herb. Lb. III. viii.

Read pynrge ?
Dybhomap, papyrus. Gl. Somn. p. 64 a,

39. Lb. I. xli.
Docce, gen. -an, fern., dock, rumex ;
commonly R. obtusifolius, but often in
medicine for Supbocce. Lb. I. xxxviii. 9,
probably also R. pulcer, which is drawn
in MS. T. ; fern, in Gl. Cleop. fol. 71 c.

Fallow dock. Lb. I. xlix. ; perhaps
R. maritimus, and R. palustris.

Red dock. Lb. I. xlix. 7?. sanguineus,
and perhaps for Supbocce.

The dock that will swim frequently
occurs. Lb. II. lxv. 1 ; I. xxxvi ; also
the Ompre that will swim, which is the
same plant. Lb. III. xxvi. Gerarde
calls " swimming herbe," duckes meat =
Duckweed^ Lemna, which is doubtful.

Supbocce, sorrel, Rumex Acetosa is the
gl. in MS. T. Hb. art. xxxiv., and a bad
sorrel is drawn.

The Saxons did not botanize on modern
principles, and it easily follows that
their genus Dock is not of the same reach
as the modern Rumex. Thus Crousope,
which is Saponaria officinalis, is glossed
fomedok, Gl. Harl. 3388. The word
" foam " shows that the writer knew his
plant, which he calls a dock. As in
this instance, and in Cammock whin, and
many others, similarity of leaves seems
to have been the chief guide to Saxon
nomenclature. I cannot therefore believe
that Cabocce (spelt bocca) is Nymphsea,
Gl. Somn. p. 64 a, 61. The word Nym-
pha?a, like many others, must have been
misunderstood ; I therefore believe that,

Docce — cont.

Cabocce is the great water dock, rumex
aquaticus of Smith, and R. hydrolapa-
thum of Hudson.

Dockenkraut in German is Arctium
lappa, and dockcresses are Lapsana
communis.

Dolh, gen. -es, mostly neuter, rarely masc,
ivound, scar, vulnus, cicatrix. Hb. x. 3.
Lb. I. xxxi. 7, xxxviii. 9, 10; III. xxxiii.
xxxiv. C.E. p. 68, 24, p. 89, 10. SytS-
ftan re dolh peer geopenod. M.H. 93 b.

Dolhpune, gen. -an, fem.? pellitory, parie-
taria officinalis. Hb. lxxxiii., as perdi-
calis, which is the same herb ; Lb. often.

Dopa, masc, gen. -an, the humble bee, bum-
ble bee, dumble dore, bombus generically.
The mediaeval glosses Burdo, Eucus,
Attacus, mean this insect or some nearly
allied. The commonest is Bombus ter-
restris, which stores honey. " Bourdon,
" a drone or dorr bee," Cotgrave. Lb.
often.

Dpacentr e, gen. -an, fem. ? Dragons, arum
dracunculus, Hb. xv. Dragons was a
name applied by English herbalists, 1.
to Polygonum bistorta, which is, I think,
the herb figured in the Latin Apuleius,
MS. Bodley, 130, as dracontea ; 2. to
qfioglossum vulgatum, Hb. art. vi. ; and
3. to arum maculatum. All these three
have a resemblance to a snakes erected
head and neck. The figure in MS. Vi,
art. xv. is intended for arum dracunculus,
and, this being so, it is impossible not to
concede the name. That plant is not of
English birth, but neither is the name.

Dpacontjan, gum dragon; Lb. II. lxiv.
contents.

Dpige, bpyge, dry, siccus, aridus, Bed. 478,

14. Andreas, 1581. Lb. II. xlvi. (In

C.E. 426, 22, pocum bpige is r. bpigum).

Dpmce, gen. -an, fem., a drink, potus. Lb.

I. li. 1. ; L xlii. Horn. II. 180.
Dpopa, -an, masc, palsy of a limb. Lacn.
9. The Saxon interpreter was wide of
his original in Hb. lix. 1, where "Ad
" hecmata intercidenda," in cxxiv. "tussi

3S0

GLOSSARY.

Dpopa — cont.

" medendo " (so). Drop, droppe, para-
lysis (Kilian); Troppf, gout (Wackter).
The original sense remains in the "drop-
" ped hands," " wrist drop " of painters,
paralysis of the extensor muscles of the
wrist. Root Drapan, to strike, p. part.
Dropen, Bw. 5955, MS.

2. A drop, gutta. Lb. I. ii. 21. Hence
" colera " meaning lymph, in Sc. 30 b.

Dure, neut, dust, pulvis, powder. Neuter
everywhere ; Mark vi. 11, Luke x. 11,
Psalm i. 5, Matth. x. 14.

Dpeopge bporcle, bpeoprge bporle, penny
royal, mentha pulegium. Hb. xciv. clvi. 2,
as pulegium. So Gl. Dun. So At5a£.
30, 51. " Pulegium regale, puliole
" reale," Gl. Hark 3388. " Pulegio,
" peniroyall," Florio ; so Cotgrave.
" The smallest of its genus," Sir J. E.
Smith, and therefore well called "dwarf."
" Much used in medicine," (All). Penny
royal is only puliole royale. Plea bane
is not this plant, nor is the reading
bpeopger.

Mentha pulegium is called, Hb. xciv. a
male and female plant, but this has no
reference to the sexual system of Linne,
which make it didynamous not dioecous.
Some notion of strength influenced Theo-
frastos and Dioskorides in giving these
names. The drawing in MS. V. is like
the herb intended. The flowers are some-
times white.

Dporle seems in the German glos-
saries to be Origanum.

E.

CaSjiypt, fern., gen. -e, eyebright, evfrasia
officinalis. Lb. III. xxx. Germ., au-
gentrost ; Dutch, oogentrost ; Dansk,
" oientrost ;" Swed., " ogontrost."

Cala^S, ealo#, ealo, ealu, eala, neut. unde-
clined in sing., ale, cerevisia; gen. ealaS,

Gala^S — cont.

DD.63;O.T.256, 5; Lb. I. xiv. and often;
dat. ealaft, DD. 357 d; Lb. often; gen.
pi. ealefta, DD. 487, where it is used of
fermented liquor generally. Gen. AlSes,
D.R. 116, but the forms of D.R. are ab-
normal, or late.

Some interesting information on ale
and beer is collected by that learned and
accurate antiquary, Mr. Albert Way, in
the Prompt. Parv. p. 245. The frequent
mention of Wort (as I. xxxvi), that is, the
warm malt infusion in the mash tub,
prepared for fermentation, shows plainly
enough that the Saxons brewed for them-
selves. The Alevat (I. lxvii.) is the vessel
in which the ale was left to ferment.
Double brewed ale (I. xlvii. 3.) was
brewed on ale, instead of on water, and
gave them then a very Strong ale (III.
xii. p. 314, twice). Even without hops
such ale would keep till it became Old
ale (II. Ixv. 1, p. 292, line 12). Keeping
and careful treatment would secure its
being Clear (I. IxiiL; II. Ixv. 2, etc.).
Sweet ale is opposed to the clear (II.
Ixv. 2), and so was thick. J7ihrc ealu,
foreign ale, is often mentioned (I. lxx.,
etc.). Ale is much more frequently
named than beer ; strong beer is opposed
to strong ale (IH. xii.). Hopping drinks
is mentioned, Hb. lxviii. ; further, see
]>ymele.

Gahjep, eileber, alliaria, sauce alone
(Gerarde). Erysimum alliaria. Lb. II.
xxiv., etc. But Callitrichum, Gl. Dun.

Calla, gall, fel. Cf. Gealla. So Euang.
Mcod., xxvi.

Gapban, pi. tares, ervum and orobus. Well
made out by Somner. " Rolon," in Gl.
Mone, is doubtless a corruption of orobus,
opoflos, which, though divided by Bot.,
is every way the same as ervum. Lb. I.
xxvi.

Gappicga, -an, masc, earwig, forficula au-
ricularis. Lb. I. iii. 2, followed by he.

Cyelarte, fem., gen. in -an, Gnaphalium.
Somner found some authority for " Mer-

GLOSSARY.

381

Cvelapre — cont.

** curialis, the herb mercury,!).," and so
Gl. Harl. 978, yet all the gnaphaliums
have very lasting blooms, retaining their
colour when dry ; the G. margaritaceum
is specially our modern Everlasting, and
found " near Booking, on the banks of
" the Rhymney, in Wire forest, and near
" Lichfield." Skinner also, Gnaphalium
Americanum, which is a misnomer by
Ray. The genus is in Dansk, Evigheds-
blomster.

Gropreapn, neut., gen. -er, polypody, poly-
podium vulgar e. Hb. lxxxvi., where it
= Radiolus ; u Alii filicinam dicunt,
" similis est filici, quae fere in lapidetis
" nascitur vel in parietinis, habens in
" foliis singulis binos ordines puncto-
" rum aureorum," Lat. In MS. Bodley,
130, a fern, as polypodium is drawn and
a Gloss, in a hand of the 12th century
gives " wilde brake." " Felix (read
" Filix) quercina pollipodium . i . ewer-
" wan," Gl. M. "be iii.d is ouerfern,
" and bat groys on walles," MS. Bodley,
536. "Polypodyn .i. ouerferne *t it
" grewib on okys bis is lest," id. " Poly-
" podium murale, euerfern," MS. Raw-
linson, c. 506. To the entry, " Polypo-
" dium arborale, pollipodie ; Pollipodium
" murale, euerferne," MS. Harl. 3388, has
been added a cross, so as to invert the in-
terpretations. " Polypodium rubeas ma-
" culas habet et uocatur filix quercina .
" i . euerferne," id. " mlex quercina pol-
" lopodium, euerferne idem (sunt)," id.
" Filix a[r]boratica, ejopreapn," Gl.
Somn. p. 64 a, 14. Culpeper, under
polypody of the oak, describes at length
and cleverly, pol. vulg. (H.), and his
mention is one link in a long medicinal
tradition. "And why, I pray, must
" polypodium of the oak only be used,
" gentle college of physicians ? Can
" you give me but a glimpse of reason
" for it ? It is only because it is
" dearest." Culpeper. Polypodium vul-
gare is "very frequent on the tops of

Gropreapn — cont .

u walls, old thatched roofs, shady banks
" and the mossy trunks of rotten trees."
(Sir J. E. Smith.) Its fructification
forms a double row of golden spots on
each frondlet. See also his allusion to
tradition in English Botany, 1 149. The
older names were, "polypodium quer-
" cinum ; filix arborum ; filicula ; herba
" radioli." (Nemnich.) Italian, felce-
quercina. The figure in MS. V. " would
" do very well for plantago lanceolata,
" (H.), it is not a fern at all." The
gender neuter, Boet. p. 48, 1. 31 ; Lb.

I. lvi.

Ghheolobe, heahheolobe, gen. -an, fem. ?
elecampane, inula helenium; from eh,
horse, equus, — heah, horse, "ttttos. "Ele-
" campana ys an erbe bat som men
" calleb horshele, he beryth grene levis
" and longe stalkys and berith yelowe
" floures." Gl. Sloane, 5, fol. 22 c ; so
Gl. Bodley, 178. Lb. I. xxxii. 2 ; I. i.
5, etc.

elepa, latter, comp. adj. Lb. II. i. 1, re-
lated to Glcian, be late ; Glcung, late-
ness ; Clcop, later, adverb.

Gleh-pe, gen. -an, lupin, the cultivated
sort of course, lupinus albus; so trans-
lated, Hb. cii. 3. Given for diarrhoea,
Lb. III. xxii. " Electrum multos habet
" stipites folia virid[i]a et flores cro-
" ceos," Gl. Harl. 3388. " Syluestres
'• lupini Candida habent folia. Sativi
" foliis non adeo albicant," Dorsten.
" Lypinus . i . lyponys, >is erbe has
" leuys lyke to be v. levyd grass, bote
" be erbe fore the more party has v.
" leues and a whyt floure, etc.," MS.
Bodley, 536. " Glehtpe, maura," MS.
in Somner. "Walupia, clectre," Gl.
Dun.

eihygb, strange thought, distraction. Lb.

II. xlvi. J)ysb is found fem. neut.
elm, masc, gen -er, elm, ulmus campestris;

perhaps also u. sativa. Gen. eliner, Lb.
I. vi. 8, therefore like old Dansk, Almr,
elm, masc.

382

GLOSSARY.

eoropbpotu, also -e, fem., gen. in -an ;
carlina acaulis, Eberwurtz, carlina acau-
lis (Adelung). "The Carline thistle,
" formerly used in medicine, is not this
" (carlina vulgaris), but carlina acaulis
" of Linnseus. It was reported to have
" been pointed out by an angel to Charle-
" magne, to cure his army of the plague.
" His name is the origin of the generic
" one." (SirJ.E. Smith, English Botany,
plate 1144). Everwortel, chamseleon,
Kilian ; that is xotucu AeW (Aeu/cus), which
was identified, rightly or not, by Spren-
gel, as carlina acaulis. " Eberwurz,
" cardo [read carduus~] rotunda. Euer-
" wurz, cardo pana, al. chamseleon," Gl.
Hoffm. " Scissa," a gl. in Lye, perhaps
a genuine name. " Scasa, ebopbpota&,"
Gl. M.M. p. 162 b. " Colucus," Gl. Erux.
" Colicus," Gl. Cleop. " Colitus vel Colo-
" cus," Gl. Dun. ; which I take to be mis-
readings of Co, for Cardo, and that for
Carduus, \svk6s. "Scasa vel scafa vel
" sisca," further, Gl. Dun. ; these are
attempts to read a crabbed MS. Also
"Anta," also " Borotium," Gl. Dun.,
the last being the English word eoyop,
boar, with a Latin termination. Lb.
I. i. 6; xxxviii. 10.

The xaJucu^e&"/> which, by its name
must have hugged the ground, is wrongly
interpreted in Hb. xxvi., cliii., as a teazle,
which has a strong long stem.

Colone, elene, gen. -an ; fem., elecampane,
inula helenium. Lb. I. xxxiv. 2, and
everywhere.

Colone laerre, flea bane, pulicaria dysen-
terica, doubtless. Lb. II. lii. 1.

Copnhce, earnestly, " diligenter." Hb.
lxxxvii. 2.

Gopftsealla, masc, gen. -an, Erythrcea
centaureum, Bot. This is made the
same as Centaurea maior, Hb. xxxv.,
and the drawings in MSS. V. G. T. A.
represent Erythrcea centaureum, which
is " intensely bitter." It is, however,
C. minor, not maior. In the pictorial
Apuleius, MS. Bodley, 130, Se mape

Gop'Sgealla — cont.

curmelle, is intended for feverfue,
Pyrethrum Parthenivm, which is " herba
" amara, aromatica," Elor. Brit. " Cen-
" taurya maior . i . be more centore or
" erthe galle, his flowrs ben ^olow in be
" tope, etc." MS. Bodley, 536. Dorsten
agrees with us. He figures Eryth. cent.,
and says the greater centaury has leaves
like the walnut, green as the cabbage,
and serrated. " Eel terrse . centaurea .
" idem . muliebria educit . habet in suin-
" mitate plures flores rubros," MS.
Eawlinson, c. 607, which describes
Eryth rsea. " Centauria, eop^ gealle [a],
Gl. Somn. p. 64 a, 5. Lb. II. viii., etc.

Copftnapola, masc, gen. -an, earth navel,
asparagus officinalis. Hb. xcvii. 1,
"asparagi." So cxxvi. 2, masc. Oros.
iv. l=p. 380, 30.

Gop'Spima, gen. -an ? masc. Lb. III. xli.
conjecturaMy potentilla reptans, since pima
stands for peoma masc, as in toftpima,
gl. for toftpeoma, cf. Germ. Riem, masc,
a thong, a strap. The signification is
therefore " Earth cord ; " this is not ap-
plicable to the dodder, which does not
touch the earth, and has its own Saxon
name bobbep, Mone, 287 a ; the straw-
berry, which is almost a potentilla, has
also its old English name ; the com-
mon potentilla reptans is therefore most
likely.

Gop^S yps,neut, gen. -er, ground ivy, glecho-
ma hederacea, the equivalent is Hedera
nigra, Hb. c, according to our botanists,
our common climbing ivy is Hedera
helix, which name, however, in Plinius,
lib. xvi. 62, is given to a sort which has
no berries, " fructum non gignit." The
plant eop'5 ypg would not be ground
ivy, for its cpoppar or corymbi are
mentioned, Hb. c 3, but there is no
getting over the common voice of
England, which calls by the name
ground ivy, what is not ivy at all.
Hedera is of constant occurrence as ip£,
and to be correct, the interpreter should

GLOSSARY.

383

€oji^ ypg — cont.

have added nothing. Glechoma is Ger-
man Erd epheu ; French, le lierre ter-
restre ; Italian, ellera terrestre ; Spanish,
hiedra terrestre ; Portuguese, hera ter-
restre. The errors lie perhaps in our
misunderstandiDg of the words Kiff<r6s,
Hedera, when used for that which is not
ivy.

6op, Ip, masc, gen. -er, the yew, taxus
baccata. Masc, C.E. p. 437, line 18.
" Ornus eop," Gl. Somner, p. 65 a, 40,
only proves that the glossator did not
understand the word ornus as we do ;
whether current notions are correct
appears questionable ; but at any rate
the old folk of England know the yew
out of which they made their victory
giving bows. Cf. ohg. Iwa ; mod. g.
Eibe, fern., the yew ; Er. If, masc. ; Ip is
masc, CD. 652.

Cop bepge, yew berry. Lb. III. Ixiii.

eopohumele. Lb. III. lx., the female hop
plant. See ftymele.

F.

Fsep, Eep, gen. -es, masc, fever, febris,
Lb. I. contents, lxii., a contraction of
jrepoji.

Fsetelrian, -obe, -ob, put into a vessel,
bottle off. Quad. i. 3.

Eeapn, neut., fern, Boet. p. 48, line 31.
psec micle peapn, the mickle fern,
bracken, aspidium filix \ Lb. I. lvi.

Eeap, Lb. I. xxxv., as opposed to micel, is
paucus,pauculus, paullus, little,like Goth.
Eaws, 1 Timoth. iv. 8. Hence, perhaps,
its construction with a genitive, Eeapa
pxa, Matth. xv. 34, a few of fishes, like a
Few of us.

Feban, Lb. I. Ixiii., see Pref. vol. I. p. xl.
Matter for conjecture. 8e beopa reaS
bpeopge jrebe'S, C.E. 94, 25, the deep pit
feedeth or keepeth them dreary.

Ferepjruge, gen. -ean ; fern. ? erythrcea
centaureum. Hb. xxxvi. Gl. Harl. 585.
Any wholesome bitter might be called
feverfue, serving the purpose now served
by quinine.

Felbmopu, " fieldmore," carrot or par snep,
daucus cariota, or pastinaca sativa.
Though pastinaca, Hb. lxxxii., is now
decided to be a parsnep, yet the weight
of nearly cotemporary authority stands
for carot. In MS. Bodley, 130, the
glosses are " a carott," " ffeldmore."
" Daucus, wildmoren," Hortus Sanitatis,
and figures a carot. The Gl. Somn.
p. 64 a, 32, distinguishes "pastinaca,
" relbmopa," (read -pu, as Gl. Dun.),
" Daucus, pealmopa [-pu] cariota palb-
" mopa ; " but the distinction between
a field root and a weald root is over
fine. " Pastinaca, uualhmopae," Gl.
M.M. The words should include both.
" Pastinaca domestica . i . parsnep." Gl.
Bodl. 536. The p. silvatica has been
improved by cultivation into p. sativa.

Felbpypt, gen. -e, fern., gentian, gentiana,
Hb. xvii., where the marginal note,
erythraea pulcella, describes the drawing
in MS. V. The reading pelpypt of
Skinner and others, from Fel, gall, gives
us a hibrid word. Probably, as in
Esthonian, the earliest name was pelb-
hymele, field hop, the plant being em-
ployed as a substitute for hops in embit-
tering ale. Then as the appearance and
leaves negatived this name, it was ex-
changed for jrelbpypc.

Fellepsepc, ryllepeepc, masc, epileptic con-
vulsions. Lb. II. i. 1. The word must
be interpreted in harmony with rylle-
seoc, yylleseocnyr. I had written so
much before I detected the equivalent
dpxo^vas iiriXrityias in Alex. Trallianus.

Feltpypt, fern., gen. in -e, feltwort, verbas-
cum thapsus. Hb. lxxiii. The reading
velbpypt is a mistake, the felty leaves
give it the name, whence it is also
called in German Wollkraut ; mullein
also is supposed to be woollen. Felc

384

GLOSSARY.

Feltpypt — cont.

was Latinised (Gl. Somn. p. 59 a, 58)
as feltrum, filtrum (John de Garlond,
p. 124); Dansk, filt, felt; Swedish , filt,
masc. felt; Germ., filz, masc. felt. The
drawing in MS. V. fol. 37 d, represents
the plant. "Filtrum terre, anglice feit-
" wort vel molayn idem." Gl. Rawl.
c. 607. " Thapsus barbastus [read bar-
" batus], G. moleyn, A. felwort." Gl.
Sloane, 5 ; so Gl. Sloane, 405. In Gl.
Somn. 63 b, 38, read Anadonia, jelt-
pypc. Feltwort vel hegetaper, Gl.
Arund. 42.

Fepbpypc, fern., gen. in -e. Lb. I.
Ixxxvii.

Fepbe, masc., sound part? Lb. I. i. 15.
" Probus ferth," Gl. M.M. p. 160 b, 20.
LeasjrepSnes, false probity, P.A. 59 b.
See jrepe, Chron. 1016, and Layamon,
1052, 1075, 1055. But there is also a
syllable jep'5 in " jreoluyepft, torax." Gl.
C., that is, Q&pal, from perhaps Lorica,
p. lxxii. Cf. Gl. Cleop. fol. 85 b, and
yelujejVS, cenlumpellio, Gl. Cleop. fol.
26 b, which appears to be an altered
form of centipedem. In these two words
it is possible that jepSe may signify
ring, which would suit Lb. well. So,
Fleotenbjia yep'o, C.E. 289, line 26, a
ring of floating ones.

Fie, Gepg, masc, a disease known as ficus,
2i>K7], 'Zvkov, SvkojjUo, ^vKcoais. In the
Lb. I. ii. 22, the disease "fig " is said to
be xuJu&)(m5 a moisture in the skin en-
closing the eyes (Florio), but without
exactly negativing that statement we
must bend to an overwhelming weight
of testimony, and accept it as an excre-
scence like a fig with an ulcer, so called
from a fig bursting with fatness, " ficus
" hians prse pinguedine." It affects all
parts of the body which have hair, espe-
cially the eyebrows, beard, head, and
anus ; and it was sometimes called
marisca. Dioskor. i. 100 ; Pollux from
Apsyrtus, iv. 203 ; Celsus, vi. 3 ; Paulus
iEgineta, iii. 3 ; Psellus in Ideleri Phys.,

Fie — cont.

vol. i. p. 223. 704 ; Pollux, iv. 200 ;
Aetius; Martialis; Hippokrates, p. 1085
H. ; Oribasius ap. Phot., p. 176, 3 ;
Schol. Aristoph. Ran., 1247. These
references I have taken from the Paris
ed. of Etienne. The name was in con-
stant technical use among mediaeval
medical writers. " Contra ficum arden-
" tern," " Contra ficum sanguinolen-
" turn," " Contra ficum corrodentem,"
" Contra ficum uomere facientem." MS.
Sloane, 146, fol. 28. Haemorrhoids are
ficblattern in the [H]ortus Sanitatis. In
Florios time (1611) fico in Italian had
been reduced to " a disease in a horses
"foot." Cotgrave (1673) has "fie, a
" certain scab, or hard, round, and red
" sore, in the fundament." " Fijck,
" tuberculum acutum cum dolore et
" infiammatione," (Kilian). It was a
running sore, Lb. I. xxxix. ; it was
equivalent to beopabl, Lb. I. ii. 22.
Written Uic, and masc, Lacn. 6; 44,
following the Latin usage.

" Dicemus ficus quas scimus in arbore
" nasci,
" Dicemus ficos, CaBciliane, tuos."
Martialis, I. 66.
Hie fygus, the fyge. "Wrights Gl. p. 224.

Filb, Lb. I. lxvii., with Filbcumb, Lb. III.
liii., may be taken to mean the milk
drawn at one milking from hovj many cows
soever; commonly called the mornings
milk, the evenings milk. In a dairy every
several milking is kept separate.

Fille, an apocopate form of cepplle, chervil,
anthriscus cerefolium, as clearly appears
from a comparison of the poetical names,
Lacn. 46, with the same in prose. " Cer-
" folium . i . cerfoil . i . villen," Gl. Harl.
978 (A.D. 1240).

Fleabe, yleobe, fern., gen. -an, water lily,
Nymphcea alba, N. lutea. Lb. II. Ii. i. 3.
" Nimfea, i . fieaperc," MS. Ashmole,
1431, fol. 19. " Nympha, fleathorvyrt,"
Gl. Dun. But " flatter dock, pondweed,
" potamogeiton," Gl. Chesh.

GLOSSARY.

385

Fleosan^ow, not " fly." Lb. III. xxii.
Fkotpypt, fern., gen. -e, " floatwort," Lb.

II. lii. 1. " Algea, flotvyrt," Gl. Dun.
" Alga," Gl. M. I fear the description
is too vague, Potamogeiton Jluitans ?
Sparganium nutans? Lemna?

Flecan, plietan. 1. Found only in pl.,fleet-
ings, hasty curds, skimmed, but yet not
cream, Lb. III. x. ; I. ii. 23. " After the
" curd for making new milk cheese is
" separated from the whey, it is set over
" the lire, and when it almost boils, a
" quantity of sour butter milk is poured
" into the pan, and the mixture is gently
" stirred. In a few minutes the curd
" rises to the surface, and is carefully
" skimmed off with a fleeting dish into
" a seive, to drain." (Carrs Craven Gl.)
" Sarrasson, fieetings or hasty curds,
" scnmd from the whey of a new milk
" cheese," (Cotgrave.) Cf. Wilbraham
and Mr. Ways Promptorium.

2. In singular, cream, as Lye ; used
in this sense, Lb. I. xliv. 2. The com-
mon notion of these two senses, is
skimmings.

Fnacptia'S, Lib. II. xxxvi. If the passage
be without error, which is hardly to be
supposed, pns&ptia'c) must be a plural.
Fnaest is masc, and makes ace. bone
ynajs-, Aif>a£. 28,51 ; therefore we should
perhaps read pnsestas.

Fopbepan, prsct. baep, p. part, bopen, re-
strain, coldbere, continere. lib. iv. 9.
Lib. I. xlv. 6, in a special sense, conti-
nere, render continent, tie with a hnot of
poison. See preface, on knots. To this
binding down the instincts by herbs,
allude the glosses, " obligamentum, lyb-
" lypefn ;" " Obligamentum, lyb," Gl.
Cleop. fol. 69 a, fol. 71 b; Gl. M.M.
p. 1G0 a, 22, where lib is (papixanov and
hyesn, cpvKa.icrripi.ov, an amulet; galbop
o'Sfte lipepne, Beda, p. 604, 9. In the
Njal saga, Una, virgin wife of Hrut,
thus tells her tale, attributing the mis-
fortune to something that had poisoned
him :

VOL. II.

Fopbepan — cont.

Vist hefir hringa hristir
Hrutr likama brutinn
eitrs ba en linbeISs leitar
lundygr munuft dryia.

Known has Hrut,

the ring bestower,

his body bloat

with venom vile,

when he would, with all goodwill,

in linen white,

in bleached bed,

the bliss enjoy

of loves delights

with me the lass

he wooed and wed.
Cf. pyptpopbope. Lb. III. i. Fopbepan
is restrain, Bw. 3748.
Fopcuuolfcan, to swallow. Lb. I. iv. 6.

Cf. Qvolk, gullet, throat (Molbech).

Fopneter yolm, " Fornjots palm," some

herb ; Lb. I. lxx. lxxi. Gl. Cleop. fol.

65 b, which gl. only translates yolm,

manus. Cf. Gorfsers naegler, j7ihtmsepep

pypt, Sigmserts cruy t = Sigmunds kraut.

Foppeaxen ; that this word has been

rightly read overgrown, appears by Hb.

ii. 4, and by "Sy leer hie co ftsem pop-

peoxen ftset hie poppeapoben ~\ t»y

unpsepftmbseppan psepen, P.A. 54 b,

Lest they overgrew to that degree that

they withered and were thus less fertile.

Fopbylmian. See pelma.

Foe, masc, foot, pi. pec, as Mark ix. 45 ;

but yocas, G'S. 114. Lb.
Foxep elate, fem., gen. -an, " fox clote,"
Arctium lappa. Lb.I. Ixix. Sec Clare.
Foxep pot, bur reed, Sparganium simpler.
In Hb. xlvii. is £i<piov. By the drawing
in MS. G. this seems to have been
understood as the German Schwertel-
ried = Sparganium simplex, the burs on
which may account for the name foxes
foot. Hares foot is a name similarly
given. The drawing in MS. V. is much
eaten out. " Xifion, foxes fot," Gl.Dun.,
copied from lib. So Gl. Laud. 567.

B B

386

GLOSSARY.

Fo)>opn, niasc, gen. -er, tenaculum, in a

surgeons case of instruments. Lb. I.

vi. 7. Taken as a compound of yon, to

catch, and bopn.
Epampeapbep, in a direction away from,

Lb. I. Ixviii. 1.
Fulbeam, fulanbeam, masc, gen. -er, the

black alder, rhamnus frangula. Lb. I.

xxxii. 4.

G.

Gagel, Lb. I. xxxvi. ; Gazelle, Gagille,
fern. ? gen. -an. Lb. II. li. 1 ; II. liii. ;
III. xiv., sweet gale, Myrica Gale.
But gageles, Lacn. 4.

Galluc, masc, comfrey, Symphytum offi-
cinale. " Simphitone, the hearbe Alo,
" Confrey or wallwort of the rocke,"
(Florio). So Hb. lx., Gl. Dun. copy-
ing Hb. "Cumfiria," Gl. Harl. 978
(A.D. 1240). " Adriatica vel malum
" terrse, galluc," Gl. Somn.p. 66 [63],
1. 9. If this means that the earth apple,
whether Cyclamen or Bunium, is galluc,
the statements above must be preferred.
Copied into Gl. Dun. Occ. Lb. I.
xxvii. 1, masc.

Gapclipe, agrimony, agrimonia eupatoria.
Lib. xxxii. Gapclire is also the gloss of
Agrimonia in Gl. Dun. and Lb. II. viii.
Gl. Sloane, 146. MS. G. draws a rude
likeness of agrimony, and MS. T. at-
tempts apye/jLcovn, papaver argemone.
The word Agrimonia is said to be a
corruption of Argemone, Plinius,
xxvi. 59, but those who choose to enter
into the subject of the Latin names had
better compare Dioskor. ii. 108, who
speaks of a poppy. Gap, a spear, is
evidently the first element in the name
of the plant, the spike of which rises
like a narrow dagger above the grass :
clipe is, perhaps, connected with our
Cliff, and with Hhpan, to tower.

Gatetpeop, neut, gen. -er, the nettle tree,
the tree lotus, celtis australis. Lb. I.
xxxvi. Somners conjecture is wholly
an error, his tree is the Gattridge tree.
" Geizpoum, lothon ; [Aomfc, genus
" arboris, latine mella]," Gl. Hoffm.

Geacer rupe, gen. -an, cuckoo sorrel, wood
sorrel, oxalis Acetosella. Proofs abound.
Lb. I. ii. 13, 22.; III. xlviii.

Geagl, neut. and masc, gen. -er, the jowl,
the fleshy parts attached below the lower
jaw. Lb. I. i. 16, 17.; iv. 3.

Gealla, masc, gen. -an. 1. Gall, bile. 2. A
gall, a fretted place on the skin, intertrigo.
Lb. I. lxxxviii.

Geapupe, gaepupe, gappe, fem., gen. -an,
yarrow, Achillea millefolium.

Seo peabe gappe, red yarrow, Achillea
tomentosa. Lb. III. lxv.

Gebpseceo, cough, tussis,Wa. cxxiv., cxxvi.
Gl. in MS. H. Host, cough, SH. p. 26.

Gebpocum, with fragments, Lb. II. lvi. 3.
Cf. Scipgebpoc, Lye.

Gecypnab, granulated, Lb. I. lxxv. Cf.
ohg. Kirnjan, nucleare ; Isl. at Kyrna, to
granulate.

Gecpypan, prset. -pte, p.p. -pt, contract —
Old Dansk Kreppa, contrahere. Lb. II.
lvi. Hence Cripple.

Gepog, Gepeh, neut. 1. a joining, a joint,
commissura, compago. (Lye, etc., JEG.
often.)

2. glue. Lb. I. ii. 2. Cf. Umbifangida,
glutinum, in Graff., and Kauahsa ( =
gefahsa), purgamenta, the parings of
hides and hoofs from which glue is
made, id. III. 421. Cf. also many entries
in 422.

Geppibeb, dense with boughs, from ppift,
forest, opacus, Hb. i. 1, where the
Saxon made no error, pa peer an pin-
cpeop pilS j> tempi geppifteb, M.H. 183
b. There was then a pine tree opposite
the temple thick with foliage.

Gegyman, praet. -ebe, p. part, -eb, to over-
look, Lb. III. lxv. A man is overlooked
when one having the power of witch-

GLOSSARY.

.387

GeSyman — cunt.

craft has set designs against him. An ap-
proach to this sense of the Saxon word
is found in J)e eobe on rumer Fapiyea
fealbpej* hur on paeytebaege ^ he hlay
aete . -j hit; begymbon hyne. Luke xiv.
1 . Warlock hatred has a blasting effect.
This faith is strong in Devonshire ; they
say that the witch has no power over the
firstborn.

Gehepian, to extol, laudibus ampliare. lib.
lvii. 2. Simple vb. in dictt.

Gehlenceb, linked, Lb. TIL lv. See the
passage. ))lencan, links, found as yet in
pi. only ; Elene, 47, Csedm. ? MS., p.
154, line 9, but probably masc, as old
Dansk, Hlekkr, a chain, masc; Dansk,
Lamke, not neuter ; Swed., Lsenk, masc.
Translate in Csedm.? have their linked
mail coats.

Gehnsecan, prset. -ce, p. part, -gb, to twitch.
Hb. cxlviii. 1., clxiii. 6. Paris Ps. ci.
8, allidere. Cf. Hnykkja in Egilsson,
prose sense, vellere.

Gehyeopy, gen. -es, a turning, also a ver-
tebra. Lb. II. xxxvi., so Laws of
JEbelstan, 10, var. lect. Cf. Hpiopyban,
Lorica, Ixxi.

Gelejeb, corrupted. Lb. II. xxxvi. p. 244.
Root Ley, mischief.

Gehclic, proper, consentaneus. Lb. II.
xvi. 1.

Gelobpypt, fem., gen. -e, silverweed, poten-
tilla anserina. Its leaves resemble the
human spine, gelobpe, with the ribs.
" Heptaphyllon," Gl. in Lye. Gl. Dun.
Lb. I. xxxii. 3 ; xxxviii. 11.

Gemaebla, masc, gen. -an, talk. Lb. III.
lvii., from mseblan, to talk, C.E, 82,
14, MS. reading.

GenaeSa, pi. ephippia, a packsaddle. 0
clerice, p. lx. Visibly related to ohg.
Ginait, consutus. That Ge signifies and
is identical with Con, together, see SSpp.
art. 2G1, a large induction. The German
Niihen, to sew, exhibits the remainder of
the root. But, as Wachter truly says,
it is sufficiently manifest, that the word

Genae'Sa — cont.
has suffered sincopation, and that in its
original form it had a D or T, as Neten,
or Neden. So that it is related to Nsebel,
needle. " Ouh sih tharzua ni nahit |
" uuiht thes ist ginait." Et se ad hoc
non approximat quicquam eius, quod est
netum. Otfrid Euangel. IV. xxix. 17,
ed. Schilter ; " \o\i unginaten redinon ;
et inconsutili arte. Ibid. 64.

Geopman leay, all the gll. interpret mallow,
but gl. C. writes geappan leay, yarrow-
leaf, or leaves ; explaining the word
geopman, but rendering the tradition
doubtful, for no mallow has leaves like
yarrow. Ld. vol. I. p. 380. Lb. I.
xxvii. I. ; xxxiii. 1., etc.

Geycabpypt, fem., gen. -e, an herb un-
certain. "Berbescum [read Verbascuni],
" gescadvyrt," Gl. Dun., Gl. Sloane, 146.
" Herbescum," id. " Talumbus, geycalb-
" PyPc>" Grl. Cleop. ; geycabyypt, Gl.
M.M., p. 164 a, 4., read $ov<pda\iJ.ov,
geycabpypt, that is to say, Oxeye,
whether Anthemis tinctoria, as in lib.
clxi., or Chrysanthemum leucanthemum,
not distinguished from the other by our
folk. Lb. II. liii.

Geyceopy, neut., abrasion, Lb. LT. i. xxxv.

Geyeay, juicy, Lb. II. xliii., as gebeap,
dewy.

Gespsefc, see Spsec, Lb. I. i. 15.

Gespat, sweaty, Lb. I. xxvi. Cf. Geyeap.

Geypeopy, geypypy, gen. -ey, filings, lima-
tura, Hb. ci. 3. See Spypyan, also Ap-.

Geypopunj, fem., gen. -e, swooning, Lb. II.
i. 1, in Trallianus (rvyKoirr], the syncope
of modern medical phraseology, Lb. II.
xvi. 1. Geswogen betwux 'Sam of-
slegenum, Horn. II. 356, in a swoon
among the slain. From this form comes

SWOON.

Getapa, pi. only (as yet), tools, instruments,
DD. p. 470, 2. Lb. I. xxix., where it is
instrumenta virilia.

Geceab, prepared, paratus. Lb. II. xxix.
See Teagan.

B B 2

;88

GLOSSARY.

Getenge, incident, contingent, which is
of the same component parts ; so also
Tvyxoiveiv, where the no sound is radical.

Getpi]:ulan, to rub down, triturare, Lb. I.
i. 9, etc. Cf. Tpipeiu.

Gepealb, neut., the natura, inguen, Hb. civ.
2, pi., Hb. v. 5 ; Gl. Prud. p. 140 b.
The devil got a horn of an ox, ~} mib
bam hopne hine bybe on jS gepealb fprtSe,
MIL 190 a, and with it struck a monk of
St. Martins in the private part severely.

Gepune, as a pi. adj., customary. Hb. lxviii.

Gebpepan, prset. 5ebpeop,p.part. gebpopen,
Sebupen, to turn, as cream to butter, milk
to curd, to alter, convertere, Lb. I. xliv. 2.
Butepgebpeop translates " butyrum " in
the Colloquium M., p. 28, but not quite
correctly. Ilamepe gebupen, Beowulf,
2564, poetically consolidated by the ham-
mer. C.E. 497, 16.

Gicba, masc. ? hickel, hiccup, Lb. contents,

I. xviii., answering to geocsa, geohsa, in
the text ; ^oxing for hicketing is fre-
quent in English, in a later stage. Hick,
hickse, singultus, convulsio vcntriculi
(Kilian).

2. Masc, itch, prurigo, Lb. II. xli. ult. ;

II. lxv. 5 ; Horn. I. 86, where the true
translation is ascertainable from the
original passage of Josephus, nvrio-fxos.
Translates prurigo. P. A. 15 b.

Gilhrcep, geolhrcop, neut., ratten, pus,
matter, sanies, Lb. Li. 17 ; Beda, p. 589,
line 3, var. lect. Virus, geoltep (so), Gl.
Mone, p. 430 a. Dansk, Qualster, thick
moist slime, pa gilstpe. Lacn. 1.

Gillircpe, fem., gen. -an, ratten, etc. Lb. I.
i. 3. Virus, £eolrtpe, Gl. Mone, p. 432 b.
" Pituita," Gl. M.M.

Girt, masc, yeast, fermentum ex cerevisia.
Lb. II. li. 1. Hb. xxi. 6.

Gitpipe, syfthpope, fem., gen. -an, cockle,
Agrostemma githago. The syllable pipe,
as in Hedgeriffe, refers to the roughness
of the plant. " The whole is rough,
" with hoary upright bristles," (Sir
J. E. Smith). "Gith, cokkell," Gl.

Gitpire, syShpope — cont.

Harl. 3388. But in Gl. Cleop. Lassar
vel acsdre ; where Laser is Ferula assa-
foztida. Lb. I. i. 5 ; xxxviii. 4, 5, etc.

Gitte, an herb, probably GiS. Lb. II.
xxxix.

Giftcopn, the seeds of daphne laureola, the
spurge laurel. Hb. cxiii. ; Plinius, xiii.
35. They are taken medicinally, and are
like poppy seeds (Theofrastos, ix. 24).
They are so hot they were wrapped in
fat or crumb, Ibid. More exactly the
seeds of D. Gnidium ; see the Latin of
Apuleius ; but that is not English, and
I have not supposed it imported. The
name icSkkoi KvlSioi refers to their em-
ployment as purgatives by the early
Knidian school of medicine.

2. Agrostemma githago, drawn to lib.
cxiii. in MS. V. fol. 49 a, and in MS.
A. A plant is mentioned, Lb. II. lxv.,
not a grain. MS. Bodley, 130, glosses
" Lathyris, febecorn," sieve corn.

Gloebene, gen. -an, gladden, Iris pseuda-
corus. As a Latinism I would have
passed by this word ; but Sir J. E.
Smith in Flora Britannica has made
" Gladwyn " Iris fcetidissima : hence
I quote. " Gladiolus . i . . . . habet cro-
" ceum florem . yris . purpureum florem
" gerit . alia alba. Gladiolus croceum
" sed spatula fsctida nullum," MS. Raw-
linson, c 607. " Gladiolus florem habet
" croceum spatula foetida nullum," MS.
Harl. 3388. " Gladiolus Acorus . gla-
" dene," id. I observe, however, that
if we take Sir J. E. Smiths words,
" stinking iris or gladwyn," as the same
words were understood in the old hcr-
bals, they mean stinking iris or stinking
gladden.

Glappan, perhaps from glappe, as herbs
commonly are feminine in the an declen-
sion: perhaps buckbean, menyanth.es tri-
foliata, Germ. Klappen, vol. I., p. 399,
where the construction may be plural.
Cf. slseppan, CD. 657. Thorpe compared
Lappa, but that is elate, everywhere.

GLOSSARY.

389

Gloypypr, fern., gen, -e ; 1. convallaria
maialis, lily of the valley : drawn, but
without the blooms, at Hb. art. xxiii., in
MSS. A., G., T. glossed " clofwort " in
a hand of the 14th century, MS. Harl.
1585, a copy of Apuleius. The blooms
are drawn MS. Bodley, 130, and glossed
" foxes glove," but it is convallaria, not
digitalis, that is drawn. " Apollinaris,
" goldwort," Gl. Pawl, c. 506. " Apol-
" linaris, golewort," Gl. Harl. 3388.
" Apollinaris, glofwert," Gl. M.

2. Buglossa, lib. xlii. 1, the same as
'; houndstongue," cy?wglossum officinale,
or perhaps lycopsis arvensis.

Goman, pi. 1. the fauces, the back of the
mouth : it translates (pdpvyya, Hb. clxxxi.
2. Paris Ps. Ixviii. 3, cxviii. 103. C.E. p,
363, 31 ; p. 364, 26. Luporum faucibus,
pulya gomum, Peg. Concord. Fauces,
Soman, Gl. Cleop.

2. the gums ; see Lye. The gums are
mostly tocSpeornan, tooth straps.

Gongepsype, gen. -an, a gangway weaver,
a spider, aranea viatica. Lb. III. xxxv.

Gpeatepypc, fern., gen. -e, meadow saffron,
colchicum autumnale. In Hb. xxii. Hieri-
bulbus, which according to Zedler is
colchicum ; and this plant is drawn in
MS. G. ; with broader leaves in MSS.
V. T. : the artist in MS. A. has taken
the liberty of turning the bulb into a
costly flower pot. " Hieribulbum, greate
" vyrt. Hierebulbum, cusloppe," that is,
cowslip I Gl. Dftn. " Hierobulbus, col-
" chicu w,"Humelberg, an editor of Apu-
leius. If the Saxon translator put the
name on the sight of the drawing only,
he may have meant by greatwort, man-
gold wiirzel. Some make Hieribulbus,
allium Ascalonicum, eschallot, but that
will not pass for greatwort. See also
Ilpeppe.

In Lb. II. lii. 1, greatwort has a rind
to be scraped off: it is to be dug up too.

Gpunberpyhge, fern., gen. -an, groundsel,
senecio vulgaris, Lb. I. ii. 13 ; I. xxii.
Hb. lxxvii. etc.

Gpuc, fern, neut., Boeth., p. 94, 3, indecl.,
grout, the wet residuary materials of malt
liquor, condimentum cerevisiai. Dutch,
grauwt (Kilian). Lb. III. lix. The term
is now applied also to the settlings in a
tea or coffee cup. " Wort of the last
" running," Carr.

Gunb, masc, ratten, virus, virulent matter.
Lb. I. iv. 2, 3.

II.

])a;ycpn, J^sebepn, masc, gen. -er, a crab
{cancer), masc. Lb. I. iv. 2.

H«jfce, neut., a haft, manubrium, Lb. II.
lxv. Somner cited it right.

))»prceapb, neut., hairlip. Lb. I. xiii.

Haisel, gen. -es, -les, masc, the hazle,
corylus, CD. 624. Lb. I. xxxviii. 8 ;
II. lii.=p. 270.

Hscslen, of hazle, colurnus ; Lb. I. xxxix. 3.

Happen hybele ; Hb. xxx. The various
reading is instructive ; Hnybele, which
is close akin, apparently, to Netele, and
Kavvafiis : and the Brittanica of the
Vienna drawings {See pref. Vol. I., p.
lxxxi.) is so much like Lamium purpu-
reum, the red dead nettle, that there arises
a fair presumption this is the true identi-
fication. Lacn. 2. The gll. support
Cochlearia Anglica. (Lyte, index)
Flora Britannica, by Sir J. E. Smith.
Florio. Fig. in MS. V. There were
other Brittanicas. Sprengel holds that
the BperovviKr) of Dioskorides is Rumex
aquaticus.

ftcebbepgean pire, gen. -an, fern., heath
berry plant, bilberry plant, vaccinium.
Lb. III. lxi.

]>a).ocpyj)c, fern., gen. -e ; perhaps hawk-
weed, Hieracium. Lb. I. xiv. In all
Teutonic languages.

jialan, "secundge," secundinse, the after-
birth. Quad. vi. 25. The analogies
require ftamlan. " Inluvies secundarum,
" hama," Gl. C. " Hamme, secundce;'
(Kilian). " lleam, secundince," Nemnich.
Germ. Hamen : etc., etc.

390

GLOSSARY.

ftalrpypt must have been Campanula
trachelium, which in Dansk is Halsurt;
in German, Halswurz, Halskraut ; in
Dutch, Halskruid. It is said to have
obtained these names from being used
for inflammations in the throat. In
English it is Throatwort.

2. JBupleurum tenuissimum, Haresear,
" auris leporis, halrpypt," GI. Somn.
p. €3 b, line 48. "Auricula leporina,
" halswort," Gl. Harl. 3388. " Auri-
" cula leporina, halswort," MS. M. So
Gl. Dun.

3. Scilla autumnalis, MS. G. figure,
fol. 1 8 b. = Narcissus, Herb. lvi. = Bulbus,
text of Hb. cix. Narcissus, Gl. Dun.,
probably from Hb.

4. Symphytum album, Hb. cxxviii.,
seems unsupported. Epicosium, Gl.
Dun.

The figure in MS. V. lvi. to my sense
is C. Trachelium, with the bell flowers
spoiled ; to Dr. H. " a boraginaceous
" plant."

)}amoppypt, fem., gen. -e, parietaria
officinalis ? as appears by a gl. in MS.
II. on Herb, art lxxxiii. So Gl. Brux.,
and Gerarde. Grimm Mythol. speculates
(12G), thinking that perhaps Thors ham-
mer is alluded to in the name. Lb. I.
xxxi. 9. Since hamoppypc and bol-
5pune are mentioned together in Lb. I.
xxv. 1, there is much doubt in the
interpretation. Leechdoms, Vol. I. p.
374. Lacn. 1, 2, 6.

Is not hamoppypt the same as Hem-
briswort, bellis perennis, and derived
from Hamop, a bird, such as the Yellow-
hammer, Emberiza? See Secg.

J^anbpypm, masc, gen. -er, an insect sup-
posed to produce disease in the hand;
[cirio], curio, cirus. Wrights vocab. p.
177, p. 190., from x^'p. " Surio vel brien-
" sis vel sirineus, hanbpypm," Gl. Somn.
p. 60 a, 25, which is to read by the
preceding, the hissing sound being given
to the letter C. So Gl. Harl. 1002.
Prompt. Parv., vol. I. p. 225.

J^apan hyge, " haresfoot" (trefoil), Tri-
folium arvense. In Hb. lxii., Leporis
pes, haresfoot ; the connexion of hyge
with the verb " to hie " is plain. Gl.
Dun. copies. The artist in V. has
omitted, as was the manner, the third
leaflet of the trefoil, and the heads are
eaten up. MS. A. has clover heads.
MS. G. draws Geum urbanum, another
harefoot, and glosses it, " Hasin uuohh "
" Benedicta," herb bennet. The later
hand in B. also glosses Avens. But
Fuchsius, the link between us and the
middle ages, is clear as to the trefoil
both by name and figure.

))apanrpecel, -rppecel, vipers bugloss,
JEchium vulgare. Speckle in our usage,
the verb frequentative, in this case the
frequentative adjective of speck, rpecca,
masc. (as MS.) is very applicable to this
herb : hare only means that where hares
live, it lives. Lb. I. xxxii. 2, 4 ; lxxxvii.
Spreckle is now a Scotch and Suffolk
form for Speckle. " Eicios, haran-
" speccel," Gl. Mone, p. 321 a. "Echius,
" Echium," Gl. in Lye. " Ecios, haran-
" sveccel," Gl. Dun. Eicios, hapan
rpeccel, Gl. Brux.

)>apanpypt, frapepypt, fem., gen. -e. The
little harewort oftenest groweth in gar-
dens, and hath a white flower. Lb.
I. lxi. 1 ; I. lxxxviii. ; III. lx. ; II.
lxv. 5.

Dapbbeam, masc, gen. -er, sycomore,
acer pseudoplatanus. The translation of
sycomore in the Lindisfarne Gospels,
Luke xix. 4. The true sycomore is not
English. Vol. L, p. 398, where the
separation of the elements makes no
difference.

Hares lettuce, Prenanthes muralis. Hb.
cxiv. Lactuca or Lactuca siluatica,
MS. T. The prenanthes m. is drawn in
MS. T., and it is equivalent in German
to Hasenlattich, in Dansk to Vild latuk.
It is also drawn in MS. Bodley, 130, and
glossed " slepwert." "Lactuca leporina
" i . wyld letys, and he has leues like

GLOSSARY.

301

Hares lettuce — cont.

" sow thestyll," MS. Bodley, 536. The
figures in MSS. V., G., A. are of no
account.

Ilacian, translates gravari, Lb. II. xxv.

)}a>ohJ>e ? fern. ? declined in -an ; pro-
bably elbow joint. The word is com-
pounded of the syllable hab, which is
found in fteaftepian, cohibere (Boet.
xxxix. 5 ; Beda, iv. 27 ; C.E.p. 401, 17,
where the fac simile of the MS. reads
mec not me, p. 482, 5, and in Umbe-
hathlichiu, nexilis, in Graff, iv. 805,)
and of Lib, a joint; it signifies, therefore,
the ncxile joint, or the fast tied joint.
The patient was to be bled on it. The
fastest tied joint on which a patient can
well be bled is the elbow. Somner
conjectured, probably from knowledge of
the Latin, vena axillaris; that is the same
vein, t)]v iv ayKcovi, t\\v v-nb yuacrxaA??^,
says Trallianus (p. 127, ed. 1548).

JX^ahhealebe, Jieahhiolobe, inula helenium ;
See eh. Lb. I. xxxix. 2, etc. " Hinnula
" campana, ho^fellen," Gl. Laud, 567,
i.e., Horse Helenium.

]>ealebe, belly bur steel, herniosus, Gl. Somn.
p. 71b, 60. Hb. lxxviii. 2, where ad
ramicem pueri, Lat. ; " Ponderosus," in
Lye, which means not " weighty," but
bursted; " Ponderosus, hernia laborans "
(verba improbata in Bailey) ; Haull,
masc, hernia (Islandic) ; j> crib brtS
hovopobe *) healebe (MS. Cott. Tiber.
A. iii. fol. 41), the child shall be hump-
backed and bursted. SH. 23.

Deal]', neut., the half, dimidium, pars
dimidia, Lb. II. ii. 2. ]>ealj:, side,
quarter is fern.

Ileal}: hearob, half head; JE.Q. 14, line 24,
distinctly defines as the sinciput, the for-
ward half; (hoc sinciput), heal}.- heayob ;
hoc occiput, re dzycjia bsel bser heajber.

)}ealr- pubu, masc, gen. -ber, field balm,
calamintha nepeta, Lb. I. xlvii. 2.

" J7idebalme . i . halue pude," Gl.
Harl. 978. This plant was placed by
Linnaeus as Melissa ; it is perennial.

Jiealm, neut., halm, calamus. Gabpion
himryh/e 1> healra. Exod. v. 7. Lb. I.
Ixxii.

Heap, Lb. I. ii. 21, austere. Cf. Heopo,
sword, C.E. 346, and its senses as a
prefix.

Hebcla'S, a coarse upper garment, Quad. iv.
17. " Heben, casla," gl. C, that is, a
chasuble. " Heben gunna," gl. C. gunny
cloth. Ne hsebbe he on heben ne ceeppan,
DD. 348, ix. Let him have on neither
chasuble nor cope ; the English rite. Cf.
Heftinn, a kirtle or cape of skin, in
Islandic. (Jonsson.)

ftegeclije, fem., gen. -an, hedge clivers,
cleavers, clivers, Galium aparine,~Lb. I. ix.

]XJSepi}.-e, gen. -an, fem. ? " hedgeruff,"
'* hayreve," Galium aparine. " Rubia
" minor, Hayreff ober aron \read Hay-
" renn ?] is like to wodruff, and be sed
" tuchid will honge in oneis clo]?is,"
MS. Sloane, 5, fol. 29 a. " Rubia minor
" cleuer heyreue," Gl. Harl. 3388. Lb.
I. xxxii. 4; I. lxiv.

)>elbe, tansy, tanacetum vulgar e, " Tana-
" ceta," Gl. Somn. p. 66 [63] b, 22. So
Gl. Jul., Gl. Dun., Gl. Harl. 978 (A.D.
1240); Tenedisse,Gl. Brux., also " Arti-
" mesia hilde," Gl. Dun., but the tansy
is generically akin to the mugwort.
Lb. I. xxvi. Ai5a|. 58.

)}emhc, gen. -e, also -an ; hemlock, co-
nium maculaturn. Other plants may be
sometimes called hemlock, for the um-
bellate herbs require educated eyes, but
this is the starting point for English
notions. Cicuta virosa is water hem-
lock (Sir J. E. Smith) ; " Cicuta,"
Gl. Somn. p. 64 a, 47, classically right,
though botanically wrong ; for it fol-
lows from Plinius, xxv. 95, that Kwveiov
= cicuta. Ace. Hymlican. Lb. I. i. 6.
Has a masc. adj. Lacn. 71; dat. hym-
lice. Lb. I. Mil. 1.

fteopotbpembel, masc, gen. -ey,the buck-
thorn, rhamnus. " Ranno, Christs thorne,
" Harts thorne, Way thorne, Bucke
" thorne, or Rainberry thorne," Florio

392

GLOSSARY.

}}eopocbpembel — cont.
Lb. III. xxix. 1. The berries arc exceed-
ingly loved by stags, Cotgrave, v. Bour-
daine. Gerarde.

fteopot; cpop, Lb. I. vi. 3, probably a
bunch of the flowers of hart wort, or
seseli. (Nemnich, Cotgrave.)

))eopt clsejrpe, hart clover or medic, medi-
cago maculata. In Hb. xxv. Hart clover
is made germander, teucrium chamcedrys,
and there is no doubt about the identity
of germander with the chamscdrys
of the Latin ; the name germander is a
gradual alteration from the Hellenic
word, and in MS. G. the plant is drawn.
In MSS. V. and A. we see something
more like anagallis arvensis, but we must
make concessions to these old artists.
There is, however, no doubt but that
cloeype is clover, " trifillon [trefoil], cloe-
" flie," Gl. Somn. p. 64 a, 3. " Trifo-
" Hum rubrum, reade cleaure," Gl. Dun.
" Calesta vel calcesta, hvit cleaure," Gl.
Dun. That we find " trifolium, geace-
" rirpe," Gl. Somn. p. 66 [63] b, line 11,
may be satisfactorily explained by look-
ing at the Oxalis Acetosella, which
is a trefoil sorrel, abounding in groves
and thickets in the spring. The same
wort is meant by " Calcitulium, geaces
" swre," Gl. Dun, ; for calta is clover
with the Saxons ; " Calta siluatica, vude
" cleaure," Gl. Dun. ; " wood sorrel "
is a frequent name of it at this day ; it
was panis cuculi, Fr. pain de cocu (Lyte).
The tradition of the word " hart " is
sufficient for us ; probably, however,
m. falcata and m. sativa were embraced
under the name. These were once known
as "horned clauer," or clover (Lyte);
and since the melilot m. officinalis, was
called hart clauer in Yorkshire (Gerarde),
that also may have been set down for a
variety. Culpeper calls melilot, kings
claver. " Cenocephaleon [read Cyno-],
" heort cleaure," Gl. Dun., may be a
misreading of a drawing, since toadflax
and melilot hang their heads in the same

))eopfc claeype — cont.
manner. " Camedus," Gl. Brux., that
is, chamsedrys, germander.

]>yy. ? gen. -e, fern., hive. Hb. vii. 2. Lye.
Leechd. Vol. I. p. 397.

IMllpypt, fern., gen. in -e, " hillwort,
calamintha nepeta. Hillwort is pulegium
montanum in the glossaries, to be dis-
tinguished by name and habitat from
pulegium regale or penny royal. Now
the Bergpoly of the Germans, Teucrium
polium, is not a native of England,
we must then select, as above, a plant
which grows on " dry banks and way
" sides on a chalky soil," with " odour
" strong resembling mentha pulegium,"
(Hooker). But if the words be of the
savour of a version from the Latin, then
hillwort will be teucrium polium. Sec
Hb. lviii. ; Promp. Parv. p. 399.

Dymele, gen. -an, the hop plant, humulus
lupulus = hum\e (Dansk)=humall, masc.
(Islandic). Hb. lxviii. The female plant
is evidently meant by the ewehymele,
eopohumelan, Lb. III. lx.

The statement that men mix hymelc
with their ordinary drinks, shows what
plant the writer of Hb. had in his mind.
That he identifies it with bryony is an
error in his Greek. Lovells Herball
(1659) thus, "Hops, lupulus. In fat
" and fruitfull ground, the wild among
" thornes. The flowers are gathered in
" August and September. Bpvoy nal
" (Zpvoovia, lupus salictarius et reptitius."
Most of the early glossaries translate
however, bryonia by Wilde nep, and
Dioskorides (iv. 184, 185) describes what
is certainly not the hop plant. Columella
is charged with having confused the
bryony with the hop, Lib. x. p. 350.
" Quseque tuas audax imitatur Nysie

" uites,
" Nee metuit sentes, nam uepribus

" improba surgens
" Achradas indomitasque Bryonias
" alligat alnos."
The lines hardly support the charge.

GLOSSARY.

393

l}ymele — cont.
According to the present usage of those
who speak rural English, the hop is the
fructification of the female plant, and
the plant itself has no name but hop
plant. It is quite incorrect according
to the country folk to speak of the plant
as the hop. No such name as Humble
seems to be known.

The contrasted ftegehymele, hedge-
humble, affords presumption that there
was a cultivated kind, and other proofs
exist that the Saxons grew this plant.

J>ymele, hop trefoil, trifolium procumbens.
In lib. Hi. we had a problem to solve ;
polytrichum was hair moss, and hymele
was hop, and yet the two plants must be
the same. The trefoil leaves of poly-
trichum in MS. G. suggested a solution ;
it is hoped the right one. The text in
Hb. lii. speaks plainly of hair moss ;
but the drawing in the MS. has nothing
of the sort ; in this difficulty the in-
terpreter solved not the Hellenic word,
but the drawing, and named it hymele ;
as it has no resemblance to the hop, nor
to geum rivale. Jordhumle in Swedish
is trifolium agrarium (Nemnich). The
name Humble was not confined to the
hop, see yelbpypt; and in Islandic Val-
humall is achillea millefolium. (Olaf
Olafsens Urtagards Bok, p. 88.)

]Mnbhrelebe,-heolobe, -an, water agrimony,
liverwort, Eupatorium cannabinnm.
" Ambrosia." Hb. lxiii. 7 -, so Lacn.
69, Gl. Sloane, 146. Our gll. make
this ambrosia maior to be widely dis-
tinguished from chenopodium botrys,
which is also ambrosia, but not an
English plant. Hindheal is Hirsch-
Avundkraut in Germ. " stag-wound-wort."
" Eupatorium lilifagus [understand
" e AeAi'cr^aKos], -ambrosia maior, wylde
" sauge, hyndhale," Gl. Harl. 3388.
" Ambrosia, hindhelethe," Gl. Dun.
" Ambrose . salgia agrestis [read salvia'],
** lilifagus . eupatorium . idem," Gl.
Rawl. c. 607. So Gl. M. " Hintloipha,

l>mbhaelebe — cont.
" ambrosia," Gl. Hoff. " Euperatorium,
" ambrose, is an erbe that som men
" calhb wilde sauge ober wode merche
" ober hyndale," Gl. Sloane, 5, fol. 15 a.
Similarly Gl. M.

2. Sanicle, Sanicula Europaa, as
above ; the plants have very similar
foliation.

)>ypbepypc, fern., gen. -e, herd- (shep-
herd) wort, Krythraa centaur eum, Lb.
II. viii., etc.

Hip, gen. -es, neut., hue, complexion, color .
lib. cxli. 2. Horn. II. 390. Hj»y ir Sir
5olb abeopcab . •} ftset ae'Selefce hiep hpy
peap'S hit onhpopyen, P. A. 26 a, Why is
this gold darkened, and why is its noble
colour changed ? Lamentations iv. 1.
See K p. 71. At5a|. 58.

JMeomoce, )}leomoc, fem. gen., -an ; brook-
lime (where lime is the Saxon name in
deca^y), Veronica beccabunga, with V.
anagallis. Lb. I. ii. 22. " It waxeth in
" brooks," Lb. I. xxxviii. 4. Both sorts
Lemmike, Dansk. They were the greater
and the less " brokelemke," Gl. Bodley,
536. "Eabaria domestica . i . lemeke.
" Eabaria agrestis similis est nasturtio
" aquatico et habet florem indum [blue'] .
" i . fauerole et crescit iuxta aquas," Gl.
Rawl. c. 607. In those words the v.
anagallis is described. The following
agree more or less, Gl. in Lye ; Gl.
Dun. ; Gl. Cleop. ; Gl. Harl. 978 ;
Gl. Harl. 3388 ; Gl. Mone, p. 2S8 a, 27 :
read lemicke ; Islandic, Lemiki.

Dlypc, masc, gen. -er, hearing ; masc.
DD. 41, xlvi. Lb. I. iii. 7 ; Horn. II.
374 ; also fem., gen. -e, Lb. I. iii., con-
tents ; and in old Dansk.

JMuttoji bpenc, masc, gen. -es, " clear
" drink," claret, made of wine, honey,
aromatic herbs, and spices. " Accipe
" ergo hirtzunge [hartstongue'] et earn
" in vino fortiter coque, et tunc purum
" mel adde, et ita iterum; tuncfac semcl
" fervere, deinde longum piper et bis
" tantum cynamomi pulverisa, et ita

394

GLOSSARY.

frluttop bpenc — cont.

il cum prredicto vino fac iterum semel

" fervere, et per pannum cola et sic fac

" luter dranck." St. Hildegard. Phys.

xxx., and similarly ciii.
])niyel, masc, forehead, Lb. III. i.
Hoc, gen. hocces, one of the mallows, malva.

Lb. III. xxxvii., xli. Many gll.
]>oye, gen. -an, fem., alehoof hove, ground

ivy, ylechoma hederacea. Lb. I. ii. 19.
Seo peabe hoye, the same.
2. Meprc hoye, stachys palustris?

Lb. I. xxxviii. 5.
Hoypec, hoypsec, neut., hoof nick, hoof track.

Vol. I. p. 392. A parallel charm has

jrotspop.
ftolcsepye, fem., gen. -an, field gentian,

gentiana campestris. Lb. I. ii. 17. The

same as the Holgracss of CEder, Icones

Plantarum, vol. 3, where he gives the

local Norwegian names,
libomoprecs, masc. Lb. I. lxxvi. 2. See

Sees.
]}oph, )}op, gen. -ey, also ))opepes, masc. ;

foulness, filth, foul humour, fiegma, pituita,

is masc, Lb. II. xvi. 2 ; xxviii. and in

hopay, pituita, Gl. in Lye. Gl. Somn.

p. 72 a, 55. Written Opar, Quadr. viii.

6. See corrections, Vol. I. Neuter, Lb.

If. xvi. 1.

Flegmata, hoph, Gl. M.M., p. 156 b,

5. Gl. Cleop. fol. 39 d. Horewes, Gl.

Mone, p. 404 b.
Ilopig, mucous, purulent. Gl. Prud. p.

146 b.
}X>pn abl, a disease of foul humours in the

stomach. Lb. II. xxvii. From hoph,

filth.
Ilpacu, gen. -an, fem., throat, guttur. psep

Synube on ftape hpacan yyylce baep

bpyle yea'S ysepe. G.D. 226 b. There

yawned in the throat as if there had been

a sort of pit. Lb. I. i. 17. K. prints a

masc. SS. p. 148, line 32.
Ilpec^can, ace, hreaking, exscreatio, Lb. I.

i. 16.
ftpajctunge, the uvula, Lorica, lxx. Lb.

I. . 4. Hpacan, fauces, Gl. in Lye.

frpsectunge — cont.

-i- tunge, tongue. Hpsecetung is different,
Lb. II. viii. Hpsecan, to clear the throat,
screare, + ec frequentative, + ung, parti-
cipial termination.

Dpseyney yot, masc, " ravens foot," pilewort,
ranunculus ficaria, Hot. In Hb. xxviii.
made Chama;dafne, which, literally
translated, is " ground laurel or bay,"
and determined by Sprengel to be rus-
cus racemosus." That it is indeed a
ruscus is quite evident by the words of
Dioskorides ; Kapirbv Se irepLcptprj ipvdpSv,
rols cpvWois iirnve(pvK6ra,TiOY can we doubt
from the rest of the description but that
the species is correctly determined.
Plinius, however, having more know-
ledge of words than things, while citing
the description ; " semen rubens an-
" nexum foliis" (xxiv. 81), which makes
the chamsedafne a ruscus, yet has misled
many of the later inquirers by declaring
it to be periwinkle ; " yinca pervinca
" sive chamsedafne," (xxi. 99.) In this
error he is followed by many, as a Welsh
gl. of plants in Meddygon Myddfai,
(p. 283 a.), and Coopers Thesaurus.
The Latin Apuleius, MS. G. draws, I
think, a periwinkle. The species E.
racemosus, is a native not of England,
but of the Archipelago. Our concern,
however, being with Ravens foot, it will
soon appear that it is neither Ruscus nor
Vinca. Ravens foot, like crowfoot, was
a name probably given from the shape of
the leaves ; whence it will follow at
once that ravens foot is neither chamsc-
dafne nor vinca maior. The old inter-
preter had before him a wholly different
drawing, having a resemblance in its
folded leaves to Alchemilla vulgaris.
The unfolded leaves are deeply cut, and
so " Pentaphilon, refnes fot," Gl. Dun.
Quinquefila. Gl. Brux. So Gl. M.M.
p. 1 6 1 b, 34, showing that the leaves were
like those of cinqfoil. MS. T. has a gl.
" Rauen fote, crowfote," to the same effect,
with a drawing which I take to intend

GLOSSARY.

395

Jipserner j.oc — cont.
periwinkle, " quinquefolium, hpaeynaer
11 root," Gl. Moyen Moutier, p. 164 b;
so p. 161 b. " Pes corui apium moroi-
" darum, ravenys feete," MS. Bodley,
178. "Apium emoroidarum vel pes
" corui idem ravnys fete," MS. Harl,
3388. " Apium emoroidarum, pes corui
11 idem," MS. Rawlinson, c. 607. The
tubers at the root of this plant were
compared to piles, haemorrhoids, fiei,
whence the names Pilewort, Apium
hamiorrhoidarum, Picaria. "Pes pulli,
" Gallice pepol, Anglice remnies fote,"
Gl. Sloane, 146. "Pied poul, the
" round rooted or onion rooted crow-
" foot." Cotgrave. Similarly Gl. Harl.
3388. Thus authority and early tradition
run strongly for ranunculus ficaria ; at
the same time we cannot but feel a
difficulty in observing that the leaves of
this species are not crowfoot in shape*
and the plant is so unlike most of the
crowfoots, that on ancient principles it
should hardly be called by a similar name.

}}pean, ace, Lb. II. xli., I suppose to be
= Isl. Hrai, masc, cruditas, as perhaps
not rawness, but indigestion. Somner,
however, may have had authority for
(pQiais.

)}peorol, fern., gen. -le, roughness of the
body, leprosy. Lb. I. lxxxviii.

Dpicrca, gen. pi., Lb. I. xxxi. 5, from
some nom. s. signifying it seems a crick,
which is a small wrench, a twist, accom-
panied usually with a small sound ; a
little crack, a crick, produced by the
overstraining of some articulation. See
Lye in )}pircian.

)}pir, neut., the abdomen. Lb. II. xxviii. ;
II. xxxii.

Dpipns, fern., gen. -e, scab, crust of a
healing ivound. Lb. I. xxxv. at end,
the context requires this sense. Cf.
Dpieybo, scabies.

Dpirtunt;, fem., gen. -e, spasmodic action.
Isl. at Hrista quaterc, in the reflexive,
coniremiscere. Lb. II. xlvi.

Jtyyfcj febricitat. Lb. II. xxv.

Dpyfiepen, bovinus. Lb. II. viii.

J)poc, neut., moisture, mucus, thick Jluid.
Lb. II. xxviii. ; ohg. Roz, mucus, in-
rheuma.

l>puN. Lb. II. xxiv.

}}unberhearob," hounds head," snapdragon,
antirrhinum oronlium, Bot. In lib.
lxxxviii., Canis caput. The German
Hun dskopf is A. orontium, and according
to Kilian in kalfs-snuyte, canis caput is
antirrhinum. The drawings in MSS.
V. and T. represent, I hold, this plant.
" Cynocephaleon, heoptcteype," Gl.
Somn. p. 63 b, 56, hart clover, melilot,
which might be made in a drawing to
cluster its flowers as snapdragon.

J^unber tunge, fem., gen. -an, hounds-
tongue, cynoglossum officinale. In lib.
xlii. this is made = bugloss ; in MS. V.,
allowing for conventional and incorrect
drawing, the figure (fol. 30 c.) seems
intended for lycopsis arvensis, Bot., or
small bugloss ; similarly MS. A., fol.
24 b. MS. G. draws echium vulgare, or
vipers bugloss. MS. T. has given us,
instead of bugloss, a picture of house-
leek. The houndstongue family of plants
is akin to the bugloss race, and our
Saxon interpreter was, perhaps, unable
to discriminate. "Buglossan, glosvyrt
" vel hundes tunga. Canis lingua, hun-
" des tunga," Gl. Dun. "Lingua bobule
" (bubula) oxan tunge," id., " buglossa
" hertestunge, ossentunge," Gl. in Mone,
p. 283 a. " Bugilla, hundestunge," id.
p. 285 b. {bugle, aiuga reptans, Bot.),
" lingua cervina, huntzenge," id. p. 289,
(a mistake, read hertszunge). " Buglosse,
" foxes glofa," id. p. 320 a ; " canis
" lingua, hundestunge," id. ibid. That
cynoglossum officinale is houndstongue in
German, Dutch, Dansk, Swedish, may
have arisen from translation and instruc-
tion ; but why not so also with the
Saxons ? The drawing in V. is more like
borage (II., from a pen and ink sketch),
but the blooms have no blue colour.

196

GLOSSARY.

Jiune, gen. -an, horehound, marrubium
vulgar e. Lb. I. iii. 11., etc.

ftumsceap, gen. -es, masc, destination
from the comb, without squeezing, virgin
honey, mel purissimum, e favo sponte
quod efflux it. " Mell stillativum," Lb. I.
ii. 1. " Nectareum, hunigteapenne," Gl.
Prud. p. 140 b. " Nectaris, hunrgteapep,"
Gl. Mone, p. 384 b, 4. " Favura nectaris,
" hums camb teapep," Pegularis Con-
cordia.

Ppeoppa, masc, a whorl, verticillus. Lb.
III. vi.

Dpeppe, fern.? gen. -an? Lb. Iii. 1, is a
" great wort;" the radical syllable implies
roundness, as in ]>pep, a kettle, J}pep-
pette {a gourd, a calabash, and then)
a cucumber. See Hb. xxii. Is it then
the bulb, colchicum autumnale?

]>pioppban, neut, knee cap, patella. In the
Lorica, Vol. I. lxxi., the gloss of poplcs,
which is an error. See peoh hpeoppa.

Dpitcubu, -cpeobu, gen. hpitep cjnbtiej*,
mas tick, the gum of the pistacia lentiscus.
So the Gil. Lb. II. iii., Gl. Dun., etc.

)>prcing, whiting, chalk and size. Lb. III.
xxxix.

I.

Ipig, neut., gen. -ep, ivy; hedera helix is
the only species native to England; neut.,
Lb. III. xxx. Graff also marks the ohg.
Ebah, ivy, neuter. Ipiep, gen. Lb. I.
ii. 10 ; I. iii. 7, etc.

Ipgcajio, masc, gen. -an, ivy tar. Lb. III.
xxvi. ; masc, Cf. Lb. III. xxxi. " It is
" produced from the Body of the larger
" Ivy, being cut or wounded, and some-
" times dropping forth of it self." Sal-
mons English Physician, 1693, p. 091.
" Oleum cyfinum {read k'htctivoj') idem
" de bagis (read baccis) hederse confi-
" citur sic. Sumis in ianuario mense
" cum ceperunt hederse grana crescere,
" etc." MS. Harl. 4896, fol. 70 a.

Innopapan, pi. viscera. Lb. II. xxxvi.
Inpiran, pi., flavouring, condimentum, Lb.
II. vi., from pipan, herbs.

L.

Loccepypt, 1. generally a herb of healing,
hcrba medicinalis, M.H. 137 a.

2. Campions, or ragged robin, or
one of that kindred, Hb. exxxiii. ; but,
I fear, only from the syllables La;c- and
Lych-.

3. Plantago lanceolata, " lsecepypc,
" quinquenervia," Gl. Cleop. fol. 83 a.
Gl. M.M. Liikeblad, plantago maior, in
West Gothland (Nemnich). The plain-
tain was famed for healing power.
Lb. I. xxxii. 3.

Lses, a letting, missio, Lb. III. cont. xlvii.
fem. ? Cf. ha blobhese, Lb. II. xxiii. ;
bloblsespu, Beda, 616, 12, on ftaepe blob-
lsespe, 616, 5.

Lambep cceppe, gen. -an, is said, Lb. Li. 17.
to be the same as Cress.

La pep, labep, laver, Hb. exxxvi., is called
Sium by Lyte also ; the botanists now
call sium water parsnep, and the eaten
laver, porphyra laciniata. Laver is a
Latin word.

Leac, gen. -es, neut. 1. Originally a wort,
lierba, olus, whence are derived leaccepre,
leacrun, " hortus olitorius," leacpepb, a
gardener. Houseleek and holleac are
not alliaceous. Aarons leek is arum
niaeulatum, Gl. Sloane, 5.

2. A leek, allium poirum, Jub. II. xxxii.
vol. I. p. 376, where I cannot now find
a verification for the masculine gender,
unless by resorting to the old Dansk,
Laukr, masc. pep, in JE.G. is a mis-
print.

Bpabeleac, probably leek, Allium por-
runi, from the breadth of its leaves. Lb.
II. Ii. 4. Lacn. 12.

GLOSSARY.

397

Leac — coal.

Cpapleac, crow garlic, allium ursinum,
or vineale, vol. I. p. 376. " Centura ca-
" pita, asfodillus, raraese, crowe garlek,"
Gl. Rawl. c. 506.

Cj>opleac, allium sativum. A gl. gives
" serpyllum," but that is an inadmis-
sible tale, for cpop means bunch, as of
berries, and leac means leek ; Ave must
therefore make our choice among asfo-
delaceous plants ; and as those which
answer the description best are open to
objection, for allium ampeloprasum is
by far too rare, and allium vineale is
crowleek, we fix on a common foreign
but cultivated species. Lb. I. ii. 13, 15;
I. iii. 11; I. xxxix. 2; III. lxviii. The
German Knoblauch has the same sense,
and is this plant.

Gap leac, allium oleraceum ? See Lb. I.
ii. 16 ; III. lx. lxi.

Holleac, ■' hollow wort," fumaria bul-
losa, the " radix cava " of the herborists;
Runde Hohlwurzel, Germ. ; Iluulroed,
Dansk ; Holwortel (Kilian) ; Hallrot,

Swed, Lacn. 23, 61. Lb. . It

is not corydalis, the root of which is not
hollow. -See English Botany, 1471.

Secgleac, Lb. I. lviii. 1, Lacn. 37, is
of course chive garlic, allium schcenopra-
sum, the English and Hellenic names
having the same sense.

Leac cepse, fem., gen. -an. Lb. III. xv.
Erysimum alliaria is both leek and cress.

Leah, gen. leage, fem., ley, lixivium. Quad,
ix. 14. Leechd. vol. I. p. 378. Lb. III.
xlvii. Laes, Gl. C.

Leabop, neut.? lather, spuma saponacea ;
see Lybpan, not fem. Lacn. 1. Islandic
Loftr, neut. lather. Cf. Lybpan, Alyb-
pan. St. Marharete.

Leaboppypt, fem., gen. -e, latherwort, soap-
wort, saponaria officinalis. " Borith
" herba fullonum, lea'Soppypt," Gl.
Cleop. The plant yields lather freely.
Lb. I. iii. 11.

Leonyot, masc, gen. -ey, lion foot, alche-
milla vulgaris, Hb. viii. This name is

Leonyoc — cont.

foreign, and a translation of Xsovto-koSiov
in Dioskorides. Leontopodion is alche-
milla vulgaris in Dorsten, in Lyte, in
Dansk; " Alchemilla vulgo appellatur et
" pes leonis," Csesalpinus xiv. 249. Sib-
thorp says, alchemilla alpina is to this
day called Aeouroirddiov. Sprengel says,
that the Leontopodium of Dioscorides
is " Gnafalium leontopodium," and the
figures in V. G. T. Bodley, 130 (lxii.)
agree.

Lib, lyb, neut.? something medicinal and
potent, a harmful or -powerful drug,
(pdpnaKov. Cf. lib-lac, sorcery; oxna-
hb, " medicine of oxen," black hellebore ;
hbcopn, cathartic grains. " Luppi, neut.
" venenum, succus lethiferus, etc.," Graff.
Ougluppi, eye lib, collyrium, eye salve, id.
Goluppeten pfil, venenata sagitta, Gl.
Schilter. " Coagulum, lap," a gl. in
Mone, p. 287 a. Coagula, cyyhbbu, Gl.
Prud. 141 a, as if Tvpotyapfxaicov ; it is the
runnet to turn milk to curd.

Libcopn, neut., gen. -er, a grain of
purgative effect, especially the seeds of
various euforbias, probably also the seeds
of some of the gourds, as momordica elate-
rium, cucmnis colocynthis. Lb. I. ii. 22 ;
II. Iii. 1, 2, 3.

Carthamo, also citocasia, also lacte-
rida, also catharticum, Gl. Dun. ; lacy-
ride, Gl. Brux. ; these are the milky
spurges.

Lim, mostly neut., but also fem., a limb,

artus ; fem., Lb. II. Ixiv. p. 288 ; fem.

also in Islandic. Cf. Lb. I. xxv. 2, xxvii.

1, xxxi. 7, lxxiii.; III. xxxvii.
Limuns, fem., gen. -e, an attachment, car-

tilago. Lb. II. xxxvi.
Lift, neuter and masc, joint, articulus. Lb.

I. lxi. 1 ; II. xxxvi. In old Dansk,

Li$r, masc.
Lr5, drink, gen. -es, neut. Lb. I. xix.

Boet. 110, 33. eye $a him fe IIS

Sefcipeb pser, P.A. 55 a, when the drink

teas gone from him.

398

GLOSSARY.

Lift pypt, fern., gen. -e, lithewort, dwarf
elder, sambucus ebulus. Hb. xxix. This
is made Ostriago. See Pref. vol. I.
p. lxxxv. : from the drawings, nothing
can be learnt. " Ostriago, lith vyrt.
" Chamedafne, leoth vyrt," Gl. Dun.,
read xailLLat^K'rrl, that is, ground elder.
" Ebulus, wall wort," in later hand " lybe
" wort," MS. Harl. 3388. In Hb. cxxvii.
hbpypt is erifia, which is unknown, and
from the drawing probably nothing but
dwarf elder was understood. Viburnum
lantana was never known by this
name.

Lybpan ? to lather, spumam e sapone con-
jicere, aut ex quovis eiusmodi. Lybpe,
imperat, Lb. I. 1. 2. Alybpe, Lb. I.
xxii. 2. Alebpe, Lb. I. liv.

Libule, Lb , I. lxi. 2. Somner said fistula,
which is a disease ; Lye, fistula, enema ;
it has been translated in connexion with
the foregoing leechdoms, as if lift-ele,
joint oil, synovia.

Lonb abl, fern., gen. -e, nostalgia, Lb. II.
lxv. 5.

Lungenpypt, fem., gen. -e, lungwort,
pidmonaria officinalis. Germ., Lungen-
wurz; Dansk, Lungurt; Swed. Lungort.
2. A sort mentioned, Lb. I. xxxviii. 4,
" yellow upwards," hieracium murorum
and pulmonarium, golden lung wort.

Lustmoce, fem., gen. -an, not in the gll.,
possibly by corruption of syllables,
Ladys smock, cardamine pratensis, Lb.
I. xxxviii. 3. 10. A kind with a cropp
or bunchy head, Lb. I. xxxix. 2 ; I.
xxxviii. 3.

M.

CDael, gen. -er, neut., measure. Orientis
Mir. ix. Chron. p. 354, line 31, anno
1085. Lb. I. ii. 1 ; II. vii. " Circinum,
" maeltange," Gl. Somn. p. 65 b, 4, a pair
of compasses, measure tongs. Where
bsegmselap is printed, the MS. has
dajgmsel ur.

OOagebe, CDago>e, fem., gen. -an, maythe,
Anihemis nobilis. 2. pilbe magebe,
maythe, Matricaria chamomilla. 3.
maythe, maythen, Anihemis cotula.

1. Chamsemelon is translated magebe,
Hb. xxiv. " Camemelon, magethe,"
Gl. Dun. " Beneolentem," Gl. Brux.
p. 41 a, the distinctive mark of true
chamomille. " Chomomilla, megede
" blomen," a Gl. in Mone, 286 b.

2. J7ilbe magbe, Lb. II. xxii., wild
maythe, must be wild chamomille, for I
do not find that No. 3 was ever supposed
to possess medicinal properties; it is
therefore Matricaria chamomilla.

3. The anthemis cotula is now called
maythen, the final being, to speak after
our grammars, derived from the termi-
nation of the oblique cases ; country
folk say it may be always distinguished
from the true camomille by its bad
smell. The glossaries agree, " Camomilla
" i . camamille similis est amarusce [read
" -33] sed camomilla herba breuis est et
" redolens et amarusca i . maythe fetit "
[fcetet], MS. Rawlinson, c. 707. " Herba
" putida, msegfta," Gl. Somn. p. 64 a,
line 11. "Mathers, May weed, Dogs
" cammomill, Stinking cammomill, and
" Dogfenel." Lyte (A.D. 1595).

Perhaps the Saxons included pyreth-
rum parthenium. These plants are so
much alike that it requires much tech-
nicality to distinguish them ; the artist
in MS. V. took the liberty of making
the flowers blue. Calmia, maybe, MS.
Sloane, 146, with i marked. " Culmia,
" magethe," Gl. Dun., whence correct
Somner. Gl. p. 66 [63] b, line 6. Calmia
is calamine, ore of zinc, and these
glosses are blunders.

Reabe magebe, anthemis tinctoria. Lb.
I. lxiv.

White maythe, pyrethrum inodorum.
" Bucstalmum [read fiov(pQa\ixov~], hvit
" megethe," Gl. Dun. ; printed bucstal-
inum, Gl. Brux. p. 41 a.

GLOSSARY.

399

QDape, Lb. I. xxxi. 7 , perhaps potentilla as
Mara, in Iceland now (Olaf Olafsens
Urtagards Bok) ; the cottony potentilla
will be silverweed, p. anseiina, with ar-
gentea.

ODarcpypt, max-, fern., mashwort, the wort
in the mash tub, Lacn. 111. Lb. II. xxiv.
On the malt boiling water is poured,
and allowed to stand three quarters of
an hour ; the liquid is wort, or mash-
wort. Braxivium atque bulita cum
braseonondum cerevisia, vert ; a Belgic
Gl. in Mone, p. 304 a.

ODeaph, meapg, masc. and neut., marrow ;
masc, old Dansk Margr, Lb. III. lxx. ;
neut., Germ. Mark, Lb. I. ii. 22.

CDeaprc meap gealla, masc, gen. -an, be-
longs, from its bitterness implied in
" gall," to gentianaceous plants, and
from its habitat in marshes may be,
gentiana pneumonanthe. Lb. I. xxxix. 2 ;
I. 1. 2.

CDebo, gen. mebepep, neut., mead. Lb. II.
Hi. 1 ; II. liii. In old German, Mete,
and in old Danish, Mioftr, are masc.
Gen. Gl. Mone, p. 395 b.

CDebopypt, fern., gen. -e ; 1. Meadow sweet,
spircea ulmdria. " Regina prati, Germ.
" Wiesenkonigin ; Dansk, Miodurt "
(Nemnich). " Melissa, medwort, regina
" prati." Gl. Harl. 3388. So Gl.
Bodley, 178. " Melletina," Gl. Somn.
63 b, 53. " Regina medpurt," Gl. Harl.
978 (A.D. 1240). " Mellanna," Gl. Dun.
Lb. I. xxxviii. 10.

2. Melissa officinalis, balm. " Nas-
" turtium[h] ortolan [um] medwort," Gl.
Harl. 3388.

GDen, masc. ? a part, a proportional part =
Swedish, Man, masc. apart. Lb. I. 1. 2.
The construction with a numeral admits
either a plural or a singular.

Meox, Meohs, neuter, muck, dung, fimus,
stercus. Dset meox is bset gemynb
his pulan baeba, Horn. II. 408, The
dung of the parable is the memory of his
foul deeds.

CDepce, gen. -ep, masc, marche, apium.
Hb. xcvii., cxx. ; Gl. Somn. p. 64 a, 1 1 ;
Hb. cxxix.

Scan mepce, parsley, Apium petrose-
linum. Gl. Brux.

J7ubu mepce, wood marche, sanicle,
Sanicula Europcea, a gloss in Lacn. 4,
also Gl. Laud. 553, fol. 18. Gl. Harl.
978, which was overlooked, so that note
9, p. 35, requires correction. It is a
suitable name. Lb. I. i. 15 ; I. xxxix.
2 ; I. lxi. 2 ; III. ii. 6.

CDep ? = mipt, a mess, dung. Lb. I.
xxxviii. 1 1 . Mes, stercus, fimus (Kilian).

Micel lie, elephantiasis. Sona pupbon
ftuphrlegene mib }>ape able brep tnyclan
licep, G.D. 210 a, Soon were smitten
with i( elephantinus morbus."

Mylsc ? or Mylsce ? mild, mitis. Lb.
I. xlii. ; II. xvi., p. 194. Gemilsceb,
Lb. II. xix. xx.

QOilce, masc, gen. -ep, also -an, the milt,
the spleen. Lb. H. xxxvi. with gen.-ep ;
but gen. -an, Lacn. 110 ; Quad. ii. 8;
Hb. xxxii. 6 ; and fern., Hb. xxxii.
6 ; lvii. 1.

Mynet, neut., money, moneta. Bed. 532, 1.
Lb. II. xv.

CDinte, fem., gen. -an, mint, mentha.

Fenmmte, mentha silvestris. Lb. I.
iii. 2.

Saemmte. Lb. 1. xv. 4.

Tunminte, mentha sativa. Lb. I. ii. 23.

CDipcel, masc ? basil. 1. Clinopodium vitU
gare. In Hb. cxix., exxxvii. equivalent
to &KijAov, basil. " Ocimum, mistel," Gl.
Mone, p. 321 b, is a repetition not a
support. " Ocimus, mistel," Gl. Dun.,
another echo. "Mistil, basilice," MS.
Bodley, 130, on Ocimum : an inde-
pendent statement. GDiptel is a deriva-
tive of (Dipt, muck, and the clinop. vulg.
is called in German, Kleiner dost, from
Doste; old high g. Dosto, marjoram, and
that may be compared with Dost coznum,
dirt. Gop^ mifcel, Lb. xxxvi., seems
to distinguish this from the mistletoe ;
a few lines lower is Acmifcel.

400

GLOSSARY.

CDij-cel — cont.

2. Misteltoe, oiscum album. Germ.
Swed. Mistel, masc ; Dansk, Mistel (en).
"Viscarago, mirtilcan," Gl. Somner,
p. 64 a, line 56. " Mircelca, chamaeleon,
" viscus, Cot. 175, 210." Lye. Cha-
meleon is birtel, not mircel. " Mistil,
" viscus," Graff, ohg. Lb. I. xxxvi.

The mistle or mistletoe is propagated
by being carried in the dung of birds.

GDyxenplance, fern. ? gen. -an ? Lb. I.
lviii. 4. "Morella," Gl. Sloane, 146;
so MS. T., fol. 62 b, that is, atropa
belladonna.

ODopob, COopa^, a decoction^ the Chia of the
medical writers ; glossed carenum, Gl.
Somn. p. 62 a, 11, which is must boiled,
down to one third part of its bulk and.
sweetened. But this gloss is not quite
appropriate in the first example in Lb. I.
xxxv., which requires to. e/c (4/j.aros, like
IxQvs curb Q4}xaros in Trallianus. Occ.
Lb. I. xlviii. 2. Moraz in the Nibelunge
Not., 1750, is interpreted by the Germans
mulberry wine, Do schancte man den
gesten .... mete moraz unte win ;
then was poured out for the guests mead,
moraz and wine.

CDopu, fern., gen. -an; 1, a root. 2, the
root, the edible root, namely, carrot,
SauKov. Lb. I. xviii. ; I. ii. 23. Cf.
Fclbmopu, Germ. Mohre, fem. " his erbe
" [squill] hah a rounde more lyk to an
" onyon." MS. Bodley, 536.
" Ne beob heo nowt alie forlore,
" That stumpeb at he fiesches more.*'

Owl and Nightingale, 1389.
enghrc mopu, parsnep, pastinaca
saliva, Lb. I. ii. 23 ; III. viii.

J7yhrc mopu,pealmopu, ca/rof, daucus
cariota, Lb. III. viii. Gl. Somn. p. 64 a,
33.

GDoppypt, fem., gen. -e, "moor wort;"
the small moor wort occurs Lb. I.
lviii. 1. Somner says, Moor grasse is
ros solis, that is, sundew, drosera, which
grows on moist heaths. " Silver weed,

GDoppypc — cont.

" or cotton grass " (Nemnich), that is,
potentilla anserina or erioforum.

The German interpreters of St. Ililde-
gard make it the Parnassia palustris.

Mucgpypt, Hb. art. xiii., artemisia Pontica.
See Anzeiger ftir Kunde teutscher Vor-
zeit, 1835.

OOuppa, fem., gen. -an? cicehj, myrrhis
odorata. Lb. I. i. Mvppis, ol dc fxvppav
KaXovaiv, Dioskor. lib. iv. c. 116, which
is " scandix odorata " (Sprengel), now
named as above.

N.

Nrebpe pypt, fem., gen. in -e, addencorf,
polygonum bistorta. In Hb. vi. naebpe-
pyjit = viperina. Our adderworts are
those plants which resemble an irritated
snake raising its head, the ofioglossum
vulgatum, the arum maculatum, the poly-
gonum bistorta. In MS. G., the German
gloss is " Naterwurc," and the German
Natterwurz may be polygonum bistorta,
or provincially sedum, or again provin-
cially echium vulgare. (Adelung). We
are therefore to conclude that the two
glossators, agreeing, made the herb
p. bistorta. The figures in MSS. V.,
A., G., T. have much the appearance of
alisma plantago. In MS. Bodley, 130,
the figure and gloss are " Sowethistell."
From MS. G. fol. 8 a, the Germans
called the Satirion orchis " Natarwurc,"
which must be applied to enlarge
Adelung.

Naepc, a fawn skin ; a piece of fawn skin,
Lb. I. ii. 20 ; I. xxxix. 3. " Nebris,"
Gl. Cleop., that is, vefipis, and support
is had from Gl. Somn., p. 61 a, line 27.
So Gl. Jul. If we take nebris for a
piece of soft leather, as a " tripskin,"
a " rybskin," it comes to the same at
last. Najfc in the Lib. Med. corresponds
to " Phoenicium " in Marcellus.

GLOSSARY.

401

Napa, never, Lb. II. xli. Ne, not + Aya,

ever.
Neahc nejTig, fasting fur a night, with fast

unbroken ; see Lb. II. lxv. 5, and II. vii.

at beginning.
Necle, fern., gen. -an, nettle, urtica. Pio

micle popjns netle, u. dioica. Lb. I.

xlvii.
Neupirne, ace., a disease. Lb. I. lix. and

contents.
Nepereoba, Nu-, masc, gen. -an, that part

of the belli/ which lies between the navel

and the share or pubes, the pit of the

belly. Lb. II. xxxvi., xxxi., xvii. and

contents, xlvi. " Ilium," Gl. M.M.,

p. 137 b, 15.

o.

Orepjyllo, neut., overflow, overfilling,
spuma vas coi'onans. Lb. I. li.

Orepraejnrc, from over sea, transniarinus.
Lb. I. vi. 6. M.H.lOOa. The reading
Oyeprrepirc is not in the MS. nor agree-
able to analogy.

Ornet, (gen. prob. -er), a close vessel. In
Lb. I. ii. 11, ovnete translates " vas-
" culo clauso vel operto." The word
may be connected with oyen, oven ; the
KXifiavos was a close vessel covered up
in the hot embers, and an oven at the
same time.

Oprcotren, properly badly wounded by a
shot, but specially used, Lb. I. lxxxviii.
2., II. lxv. i., for elf shot, the Scottish
term, that is, dangerously distended by
greedy devouring of green food. It is
spoken of cattle ; sheep are very subject
to it, if they get into a clover field at
full freedom. " The disease consists in
" an overdistension of the first stomach,
" from the swelling up of clover and
'•' grass, when eaten with the morning
" dew on it."

VOL. II.

Oyrcoten— cont.

Next you'll a warlock turn, in air
you'll ride,

Upon a broom, and travel on the tide ;

Or on a black cat mid the tempests
prance

In stormy nights beyond the sea to
France ;

Drive down the barns and byars,
prevent our sleep,

Elfshoot our ky, and smoor mang drift
our sheep. Falls of Clyde, p. 120.
" The approved cure is to chafe the parts
" affected with a blue bonnet. The bas-
" ting is performed for an hour without
" intermission, by means of blue bonnets.
" The herds of Clydesdale, I am assured,
" would not trust to any other instru-
" ment in chafing the animal." Jamie-
son in Elfshot, and Suppl. " When
" cattle are swollen they are said to be
" degbowed. I have frequently known
" a farmer strike a sharp knife through
" the skin, between the ribs and the
" hips, when the cow felt immediate
" relief from the escape of air through
" the orifice, so that the distended car-
" case instantly collapsed, and the ex-
" crements blown with great violence
" to the roof of the cow house." Carrs
Craven Gl. " Deggbound, mightily
" swelled in the belly." Yorkshire
dialogue, Gl. 1697, A.D.
Ome ? -an ; fern. ? corrupt humour, es-
pecially gastric, the pituita of the
medical and classical authors ; also
Erysipelas, the external symptom of
such a humour. Lb. I. xxxv. Dat.
pi. Omum ; gen. pi. Omena. The
analogy of the Islandic suggests a
feminine form.
Omppe, fem., gen. -an, dock, rumex ; the
German Ampfer, masc, dock, rumex.
" Ilodinaps, ompre, docce," Gl. Mone,
p. 322 a. " Cocilus,' Gl. Cleop. If
KavKa\is, not likely. Of the Omppe,
that will swim, see Docce. Lb. I. viii.
2 ; III. xxvi. Lacn. 23.

C C

402

GLOSSARY

Onyealle, fellon. Lb. I. xxxix., xli., obi.

eas., from the contents.
Onped, gen. -es, some wort ; herba quse-

dam. Lb. I. xl. i. ; II. Hi. 1.
Onrppengan, to administer a clyster. Lb.

1. iv. 6. From Sppmg, a gush of water,
hence, a lavement, a sousing, a washing,
a KXvcrfids.

Onps&p ? unripe. Lb. I. ii. 14.
Opar, Quad. viii. 6, plural of Hoph.
Oxanrlyppe? fern. ? gen. -an, oxlip,

primula elatior. Lb. I. ii. 15.
Oxnalib, neut. ? oxheal, Helleborus Jbetidus

and H. viridis (Cotgrave in Ellebore).

Oleotropius, Gl. Dun. Lb. I. xxxii.

2. ; I. x.

P.

Pic, gen. -es, neut, pitch, pix. Lb. I.
xxxviii. 9 ; II. xli. ; III. xv.

Pipop, gen. -es, masc, pepper, piper;
Lb. II. vii.

Poc, gen. pocces, masc, a pock, pustida ut
in variola. Lb. I. xl.

Punb, gen. -es, neut. ; 1. a pound, as Lexx.
2. a pint. Lb. II. lxvii. So " Norma,
" paetep punb," Gl. Somn. p. 68 b, 11.,
that is, a pound of water is a pint of
water, and a pint of water is a pint for
all liquids.

Purhan, to pick out the best bits, optima
quaque legere. Lb. III. lxix. " Peuse-
" len, (among kindred senses) summis
" digitis varia cibaria carpere," (Kilian).

K.

Raesepeofe, fern., Lb. II. xxxi. ; also
Rsesepeosa, masc, Lb. I. Ixxi. ; pi. -an ;
the two ridges of muscles on either side of
the spine up and down the back. " Pissli,

Raegepeofen — cont.

" reosan," Gl. Mone, p. 321 b. nit.
Pissli is a contraction of Paxilli ; simi-
larly " Peysel, pieu, echalas,,i Roque-
fort. But, as we know from Cicero,
Paxillus was also contracted into Palus,
and these muscles were called Palse,
like Pala, stipes, palus, in Du Cange.
" Rugge — bratun, pales, sunt dorsi dex-
" tra laevaque eminentia membra," Gl.
Hoffmann. " Pake Ugutioni 'Dorsi
"'dextra laevaque eminentia membra,
" ' dicta sic, quia in luctando eas pre-
" ' niimus, quia luctari vel luctam
" ' Graeci dicunt Palim.' ' Palse sunt
" ' dorsi dextra laevaque eminentia
" ' membra ; dicta quod in luctando
" ' eas premiums, quod Graeci iraXai^iv
" ' dicunt.' Isidorus," and so on (Du
Cange). The sense suits the passages
where psegepeoran occurs, Lb. I.
Ixxi., lxxxi. ; II. xxxi. " Palac,
gerculbpe," Gl. Somn. p. 71 a, 44, the
shoulder blades, and in this sense the
dictionary to Csclius Aurelianus, who
often uses the word, understands it.
" Pala, ricgrible," Gl. Mone, p. 317 b.

Raep ? row, ordo, series: dat. psepe, CD.
vol. iii. p. xxv. ; ace. paepe. Lb. II.
xxxiii ; also Gl. in Lye.

Ragu, Rage, lichen, Xcixw. Lb. I.
xxxviii. 8 ; I. lxviii.

Ragu i meor, Deuteron. xxviii. 42,
neither word is used therewith precision.
The Gl. give Massiclum, Mossidum,
which are formatives of our Moss,
lichen being considered a sort of moss.

Ramgealla, masc, gen. -an, " ramgalV
From the name gall, no doubt a gentia-
naceous plant ; said Lb. I. Ii. to be par-
ticoloured. This description answers to
Menyanthes trifoliata, which is very
bitter and much administered by herb
doctors. (Sir J. E. Smith.)

Renbpian, I presume to be the still current
Render, applied to suet. Suet is full of
films, thin membranes, with some other

GLOSSARY.

403

Eenbpian — cont.

not fatty substances ; to render it, is to
make it homogeneous by melting. The
word may be a derivative of Hrein,
clean. Gepenbpian is applied to elm-
rind, Lb. I. xxv. 2. ; to the black alder,
I. xv. 4.

Rengpypm, Ren-p., Raeng-p. See J7ypm.

Rib, neut., a rib. Lb. II. xlvi, S.S.
p. 198, 11.

Eibbe, gen. -an, fern.? ribwort, planlago
lanceolata. Hb. xxviii. Lb. I. ii. 22.

Ryben ; p peabe pyben. Lb. III. xlviii.

Rinb, gen. -e, fern. ; rind, cortex. Lb. I.
xxxviii. 5, 6. ; II. lxv. 2, and often.
Horn. II. 8 and 114. Lyes quotation
was false, Lb. I. xlv. 5, and the more
recent deduction from him.

Riroba, rheum, p£vfxaria/j.6s, a flowing.
Lb. lix. 7. See Brem. Wortb. p. 502. 4.

Rop, masc, gen. poppes, the colon, ivide
intestine. Lb. II. xxxi. often.

Roc, neut, scum, spuma, reiectamentum.
Lb. II. xx. as Hpot.

Rube, fern., gen. -an, rue, Ruta graveo-
lens. Foreign, but adopted. ]7ilbe
pube, Lb. I. ii. 1, is foreign, but a
garden herb, Peganum harmala.

Rubmolm, read Rubniolm, Lb. III. lviii.,
a Norse word signifying Red stalked,
from poft, red, nioli stalk. It is said, to
grow by running water ; and it is Poly-
gonum hydropiper, called Redshanks or
Water pepper in Bailey's dictionary.

Run, gen. -e, secret, heathen mystery,
arcanum quid, Bw. 363.

Leob pune, gen. -an, fern., the same,
idem. Lb. I. lxiv.

s.

Ssebepie, Sufteprge, fern., gen. -an, savory,
satureia hortensis. The interpretation,
" Satirion," Gl. Somn., p. 64 b, 16, is
an evident error. Savory is in England
a garden plant, and retains its foreign

Saebepie — cont.
name. All the orchis tribe are "bal-
" loc " worts. Lb. III. xii. 2.

Sap, gen. -es, neut. everywhere : See ace.
Sapan, Lb. II. xxviii. It is also, as
Sio sap, sometimes put for Sio soph ;
Bw. 49, 29. So G.D. 201 b. C.E. 134,
line 23.

Sapcpen, disposed to soreness. Lb. II. i. 1.
There is no corresponding word in
the Hellenic text ; this is epexegetical,
and must be interpreted accordingly.

Scapu, fern., gen. -e, the share, that is,
the pubes. Lb. II. xxxi, xxxii. It is a
word well known to those who have
heard pure English spoken, and is neither
"Ilium" nor "Penis "nor "Alvus,"
but something near each of those. The
books generally make a confusion, but
Sharebone is always, I think, Os pubis.
See a quotation in Halliwell, but strike
out " of a man." Compare also Penil,
pubes, with Penul, a schare, in Garlande
and Biblesworth, p. 121, p. 148.

Sceaban, prset. Sceab, p. part. Sceaben, to
shed, let fall ; also intransitively fall ;
inf under e, inspergere. Lb. I. ii. 23. ;
I. Ixi. 2.; II. iii. Hb. ii. 6. Cf. Lye,
Sceban. iErceba, migma, Gl. in Lye,
which is doubtless to be understood
as the substantive of "KirofxvmffQas,
Emungi.

Sceapen, adj., of sheep, ovinus. Lb. I. lviii.

Sceapjrlian, to scrape, radere. Hb. lxxxi.
5. The l is frequentative.

f Sceappan, prat, f Sceapp, scrape, es-
pecially scrape herbs fine. Gerceapp,
Hb. lvii. 1. The same in substance as
Sceappan, Hb. i. 2.

Sceappe, fern., gen. -an, a scarification,
incisura in cute. Lb. I. lvi. ; I. xxxv.

Sceappian, to scarify, in superficie cadere.
Lb. I. xxxii. 2.

Sceopyan, to scarify, rodere, mordere.
Scyppft, Scypyenbum, Lb. I. xviii. pa
gaeprciftar "j J>a pyptpuman rceopyenbe
psepon, O.T. 270, line 32, began gnawing
the grass sprouts and the roots.

c c 2

404

GLOSSARY.

Scmlac, gen. -es, neut, an apparition,
visum ; gen. Gl. Mone, p. 402 b. ;
peaylaces, Matth. xxiii. 25. Boet. p. 55,
7 ; accus. senig rcinlac, Quad. x. 1 ;
plur. -lacu, SMD. 27 b ; constr. neuter,
DD. 437 foot, M.Sp. 8, plur. Scmlac,
Quad. ix. 1. But see lyblacas, DD. 344.

Scytel, dung, from Scitan. Quadr. iii.
14, xi. 13. See the passages, where
Somners notion of testiculus would
require some drying process not
mentioned.

Scpimman, to shrink, a synonym of Scpm-
can. Lb. I. xxvi., contents. " Skrim-
" pen, adj. som vrider eller undslaaer
" sig for Arbeide, som er meget kiaelen
" eller emtaalig," Molbech, one ivho
flinches from work, etc. Cf. Shrammed,
chilled (pinched with cold, O.C.) Wilts.
Scrimd ; Devon, (heard by myself).

Scpup, Gerceopy, neut., scurf. Lb. II.
xxxv, lib. clxxxi. 3.

Seaban, Seaftan, a feeling as if the cavity
of the body were full of water swaying
about, K\v8a)ves, undulationes, Lb. I.
xiv.

Sealh, Sealh, masc, gen. -er, the salloiv,
salic-em, salix, of which seventy Eng-
lish sorts are reckoned. The termination
of the gen. shows the word is not fern.,
and few names of trees are neuter.

Red Sallow, Lacn. 89, Salix rubra.
See also S. repens, of Smith.

Seap, neut., gen. -er, juice. lib. v. 2.
Lb. I. ii. 14, and frequently.

Sees, masc, gen. -er, sedge; " car ex,
" gladiolus," Gl. in Lye ; masc, Lb. I.
xxiii. ; gen. I. xxxix.

)>omoprecs, " hammer sedge." Lb.
I. lvi. 2. Homop is probably a bird, as
in yellow hammer. " Scorellus, omep,"
Gl. C. Emberiza. Cf. clobhamep, Gl.
Mone, 315a; also Gl. Dief.

Reab sees, " red sedge," Lb. I. xxxix.

Selysete, gen. -an,avenafatua? wild oat?
Lb. I. xxxiii. 2 ; III. viii., and perhaps
by emendation for real}: retail, Lb. I.
xlvii. 2.

f Sengian, singe ; see Berengian ; ohg.
Sengjan, Bisengjan, and Bireng is what
grammarians would have end in a vowel.

Sybe, masc, decoction, a^e\|/7j,ua, Hb. cliii. 4,
from Seoftan.

Sibsam, Lb. II. lxv. 5.

S\ye, sieve, constr. as neut. Lb.'L xxxviii. 5,
as Germ. Sieb, neut. Yet Dutch Zeef is
fem.

Syyeftan, Siye'San, Sioyeftan, pi. bran, fur-
fures. Boet. p. 91, line 23. Gl. Cleop.
In Hb. civ. 1, it translates ufxrj Xvais,
which is said to be flour ; but here is a
tradition that it is bran.

Siselhpeopya, gen. -an, masc 1. Yellow
milfoil, Achillea tomeniosa, masc, as
Lb. III. xxxii. In Hb. l. = Heliotropion.
All plants turn to the sun, which of them
is meant ? In MS. V. " Achillea ser-
" rata " (H.) seems to be drawn ; the
other drawings do not at all resemble
this. " Eliotropia, sigelhverpha. Elio-
" trophus, sigel hveorfa. Nimphea, collon
" croh vel sigelhveorua. Solsequia, si~
" gel hveorua. Achillea, collon croch,"
Gl. Dun. Most of these are translations,
and so equivalents : nymphea is the
yellow, water lily, and croh is crocus, yel-
low also. The testimony of the drawing
falls in so well with that of the old
glossary, that we must accept Achillea ;
and as we must also attend to the hints
for yellowness, it must be A. tomentosa.

2. Scorpiurus heliotropion, for Hb.
exxxvii." is founded on Dioskorides,
i]\iorpoinovr}) (x4ya,lb sviot eKaAtcrav <ricop-
7riovpoj/. The figure in MS. T. for art. 1.
agrees. The drawing in MS. V. art.
exxxvii. is nearly destroyed, what re-
mains looks like "Polygonum convol-
" vulus." (H.) The " round seed "
forbids us to think of sunflower, Helian-
thus, which is also Mexican.

3. Cichorium intybus? Often Turnsol
and Heliotrope in glossaries. So Germ.
Sonnen wendel (Adelung).

4. Euphorbia helioscopia.

A small Siselhpeopye, Lb. I. xliv. 2.

GLOSSARY.

405

Si£ronte, a wort, herba quoedam ignota.
Lb. I. xxxi. 7.

Sinepe, ever easy; rm-ebpe, Lb. II. xlvi.

Sinjulle, gen. -an, houselcek, Sempcrvivum
tectorum. The syllable sin like sem in
Semper, means always; as also in Sm-
Kpene. Sinyulle is Sempervivum, Hb.
cxxv. That herb is drawn in MS. V.,
explained, as the green pigment has
left only the external cast in the vellum,
by MS. A., and in MS. G., where it is
glossed " hufwurc," that is, Hauswurz,
and in MS. T. These all point the same
way. Singreen seems only a more generic
term, in later times, but " The mickle
" sinfulle," Lb. II. xxxiv., shows that
this term also in early times would in-
clude Sedums, as S. Telephlum, Lb. I.
iii. 11.

Smgpene, fern., gen. -an, singreen, any
sort of Sedum, with sempervivum tecto-
rum, literally always green. Hb. lxxxvi.
" Sedo magno, Houseleeke or Sen-
" greene," Florio. " Joubarbe, Ilouse-
" leek, Sengreen, Aygreen, etc." Cot-
grave. In Hb. xlix. = Temolus, that is,
Moly, the Homeric /iwAu, a garlic, Allium
moly. InDansk. the evergreen periwinkle,
Vlnca. pa rmalan jnngpenan, Lb. I.
viii. 2, shows that Singreen was a gene-
ric name. " Colatidis," also " Temolus
" vel titemallos," Gl. Dun. " Temolus,"
Hb. xlix., saying the root is bulbous,
drawing it large, and with leaves and
stem in MS. V., like Pinguicula vulgaris
(H.), with no resemblance to Vinca.

Sintpaenbel, masc. ? a bolus, " turundula,^
Lat. Hb. xiv. 2. Sm, as in Smepealt,
round; Tpenbel has a masc. termina-
tion.

Slapie ? gen. -an, Salvia sclarea, Lb. I.
xv. 5.

Slecge-an, palpitate with strong beats, Lb.
II. xxvii ; from Sleeve, a sledge hammer,
and the frequentative termination -etan,
-ectan.

Slype ? gen. -an, a viscid or sloppy sub-
stance. Masc. Lib. I. i. 6. Eem. Lacn.

Slype — cont.

46. Cf. Shpis. Cf. Cu slyppan, Oxan
slyppan.

Smegapypm, Smoc^a-, Smea-, masc, gen
-er, Lb. I. liii. ; III. xxxix., a worm or
Insect that penetrates, that eats ite way, a
burrowing insect; cf. Norse, Smjuga, 1.
Irrepere, 2. penetrare, E. Srmrgan, to
creep, Smy&elar, cunlcull, conies or their
burrows. Somn. Gl. M.M.

Smepopypt, 1. Arlstolochia rotunda, for-
eign, and A. clemailtls, .English. Hb. xx.,
Lb. III. xlvii., with several glossaries
and MSS., Gl. Dun., Gl. Harl. 3388, Gl.
Sloane, 5. A. longa, Gl. Sloane, 405.

2. Mercurlalls, Gl. Eawl. C. 607. Gl.
Harl. 3388 in margin. G. de Bibles-
worth, p. 162. Gl. Sloane, 5, fol. 34.
Gl. Sloane, 135.

3. Erom the qualities, Pinguicula,
butterwort.

Smitan, to smudge, illlnere, Lb. I. xxxi. 3 ;
related to modern Smut ; in Lye Smitta.

Snseb, fem. gen. -e, a bolus, a morsel, Lacn.
81. Lb. I. XV. 6 ; I. Iii. 3 ; II. lxiv. ;
III. lxii. p. 348 ; III. Ixv. Seo snseb,
Horn. II. 272. S.S. p. 169, line 809.
But '3a snsebas, CD. 207.

Sogofta, gen. -an, corrupt humour, pituita
with hiccup, hicket, sobbing, Avy/xos, sin-
gultus, Hb. xc. 11 ; Lb. I. ii. 1 ; II.
xxxix., where the original is fxera 5e
raura \v(ov<ti. Alex. Trail, p. 480, ed.
Basil. Erom S 115 an.

JElproso'Sa, elvish hiccup, the same
thing gone to a frightful extreme. Thus
iravra yap eiroiriffa ravra Kal tirl fj.eya.Aov
Kvyixov toctovtov, ws vrrouoeiv Zktos K\ivns
e|dAAe(r0cu mov icaixvovra. Alex. Trail,
p. 121, ed. Paris. = lib. vii. 15, in an
instance of so strong a hiccup that we
supposed the patient was springing out
of bed, Lb. III. lxii. p. 348.

Solorece, Hellotroplum Europaum. Hb.
lxxvi. Sprengel says that by Solse-
quium, Charlemagne understood H.E. as
above.

406

GLOSSARY.

Soppigan, to sop, to dip in liquid. Lb. II.
xxx. 1. Cf. Soppcuppe, fem., CD. 593,
685, 721.

Spsetan, to syringe, spout, aquam proiicere ;
Lb. II. xxii. p. 208 ult., where the sense
hardly admits spuere. " Spoyte, spriitzen,
" sprenken, so auch Suddan." Outzen.

Spepe pypt, 1. Ranunculus flammula.
" Flamula . i . sper wortt or launsele, this
" erbe is schapyn as hit wer a sper all
" so . and in the crope of be stalk
" commys aut raony sraale branches *t
" hit has a whyte floure, -"t hit groys in
" waters." MS. Bodl. 536. The flower
is yellow. " Flammula, anglice spere-
« wort," MS. Rawl. C. 607, similarly
C. 506, Harl. 3388, and again adding
" lanceola," id. " fflamula minor. Las
" sper wort hauith leuis shapid like a
" spere," Gl. Sloane, 5, fol. 32 c. Gl.
Sloane, 405.

2. Inula Helenium, Hb. xcvii. and
Gl. Harl. 978, make spear wort Inula
campana = Inula Helenium, Sot. Gl.
Dun. perhaps copies Hb. Gl. Brux.
agrees. MSS. V., G., A. draw spears
springing from a root.

In MS. Bodl. 130, is an explanation,
Centaurea, and a gloss in a hand of the
14th century, " Sperewert." The Cen-
taurea Cyanus is so far likeTnula H.,
that it may be mistaken in a drawing.
" Policaria minor," Gl. Harl. 3388.

3. Car ex acuta, Germ. Spiessgras, is
probably meant in the following, " Fla-
" mula my nor . i . sperworte thys erbe
" has smale leuys lyke to grase, bot hit
" (omit hit) schape as hit were a speyr .
" and growes in feldys," MS. Bodl.
536.

4. f Brassica rapa, turnep, " Nap
" silvatica [read Napus silvaticus'] rpepe-
" PYP*>" Gl. Somn. p. 64 a, 16. This
must be rejected.

Spican, spices, Latinism ? species. Lb. II.

lxiv., contents.
Sppacen, neut. ? berry bearing alder,

Rhamnus frangula. Lb. I. xv. 4., xxiii.

Sppacen — cont.

Germ., Spreckenholz, Sporkenholz ;
Dutch, Sporkenhout ; Dansk., Spregner;
Swed. dial., Sprakved. " Apeletum,"
Gl. Cleop. for alnetum, misunderstood as
alnus nigra.

Sppmg pypt, fem., gen. in -e, "spring-
" wort," Euphorbia lathyris. " Sprincwrz,
" lactaridia. al. lactariola vel. citocasia,"
Gl. Hoffm. Graff, vol. i. col. 1051. "Cra-
" pucia \read cataputia~] springwort,"
a Gl. in Mone, p. 287 a. Lb. I. xxxix.
2.

Stsebpypt, fem. gen. -e, " staithwort ; "
if we choose the commonest of the sea-
shore plants it will be Statice, compre-
hending thrift and sea lavender. Lb. I.
xxxii. 3. " Aster atticus," Somner, but
why?

•Scanbseb, neut, a vapour bath, contrived
by heating " stones " that would not fly,
and pouring on water. Lb. I. xli.

Stebe, masc, strangury, " stranguria," Lat.
of Quad. ii. 15., viii. 11. Radically; the
being stationary, still standing; as in
Sunnstebe, solstice. So Nsepon bine
heopba rcebige, Gen. xxxi. 38., thine
herds were not barren.

Scemp, stamp, Leechd. vol. I. p. 378.

Scicce, neut., sticky stuff, viscid fluid ; Lb.
I. xxxix. 2.

Stice, fem., gen. -e, a pricking sensation, a
stitch, a stab ; Quad. xiii. 10. Inscicc,
Lb. II. liv. lxiv. contents. All cited
passages have this declension.

Scpselpypc, fem., gen. -e, the commonest
club moss, Lycopodium clavatum. " Cal-
" litrichon," MS. ap. Somn., but in this
term were included the club mosses.
Scpael as arrow, may have given name to
this moss, as the stems look like arrows
with the feathers up and the heads in
the ground. Were it not for this gl.
we might interpret Galium verum, from
Scpael, bed ; our ladys bed straw.

Scpeap, Stpeop, straw, neuter in Lb. L iii.
12. Rushw. Matth. vii. 3. (streu), is
masc. Ai5a£. 46.

GLOSSARY.

407

Su$an, to moisten, maccrare, madefacere,
Syfcft, lib. xxxv. 3 ; p. part. Sogen, as
appears by Sogofta, Foprofcen ; cf. Socian
in Lexx. ; also Isl. Soggr, madidus, Lb. II.
xv. Da joppoteban punbe ruge y clasn-
rige, P.A. 24 b. Moisten and cleanse the
pulrified wound. Asogen. C.E. 373. 1. 19.
Sunbcopn, gen. -er, neut., Saxifraga gra-
nulata. Sunbcopn,IIb. xcix. is saxifraga,
and the statement is accompanied by a
remarkable drawing, represented in the
fac simile to Leechdoms, vol. I. ; see pref.
lxxix. The word copn itself, as signify-
ing grain, assists our determination of the
herb. In the Latin Apuleius, MS. Bodley,
130, a gloss is " Sundcorn." MS. A. fol.
45 b, has also a portion of earths surface,
but figures the herb above ground, not
quite correctly. " Saxifrigia, sundcorn,"
Gl. Dun. The same gl. in the MS.
Lacn. 18, where fifteen grains are men-
tioned in the text. So Gl. Mone, p.
442 a.

2. Lithospermon oflicinale, Hb. clxxx.
It appears by a glossary in Anzeiger fur
Kunde der teutscher Vorzeit. 1835, col.
247, that the false readings meant funnan
copn, Milium solis, which must be taken
as an emendation of the text.
Supe, fern., gen. -an, sorrel, Rumex Ace-
tosa, also Oxalis.

Geacer rupe, cuckoos sorrel, Oxalis
Acetosella.

Monner rupe, Rumex Acetosa. Lb.
I. li.
Supnielrc, sourish, sour sweet. Lb. II. i.
" Malus matranus, rupmelrc apulbep,"
Gl. Somn., p. 64 b, 48 ; correct Malus
matiana, rupmelrc apulbpe ; the crab
tree. " Maciana . i . mala siluestria,"
Gl. Harl. 3388. " Mala maciana, po-
" mum siluestre, wode crabbis," id.
So Dorsten, Gl. Mone, p. 290 a. Melrc
is a separate word, " Melarium, milrc
" apulbp." Gl.M.M.p. 159 a, 27, pro-
bably for mel-irc, formed on Mel, honeij,
which therefore appears genuine English,
as in Melreocel, Melbeap, St. Marh. Gl.,

Su] imelrc — cont.
not hibrid words ; related to Mebu, mead,
SSpp. art. 511.
Spane pypt, fern., gen. -e. Lb. I. xxxi. 7.
Spat, gen. -es. 1. sweat. 2. blood. 3.
hydromel. Hid. 22 a. The gender has
been given only from other Teutonic
languages, as masc. ; but in Lacn. Ill,
spa "Sa spat beo'S mirrenlicu, as the
sweats are various, the form makes it
neuter. Dutch Zweet, neut ; Isl. Sveiti j
Germ. Schweiss ; Swedish Svett, masc.
Spegler seppel ; Lib. I. ii. 12, also 21 j L
xiv., I. xxiii. The receipt Lb. I. iL 12,
pepper, salt, wine, and swails apple,
corresponds with the following words of
Alex. Trail., p. 48, line 4, ed. 1548.
'A\bs a/j.fj.wviaKov (our author often solves
his difficulties by omission) To a, <pvX\cov
To y , rrenepeus To s', iroi7]<ras ^rjpiov
VTra\€i(pe nal 7roteI Trpbs ^-qpotyQaAfiias.
$i5AAa are the leaves of the malobathrum.
Plinius, xxiii. 43, also prescribes malo-
bathrum for the eyes,
f Spe'San, to swathe, not yet found, whence
Spa^il and Speftuns, a swathing, Lb. I.
xxxi. 7, and Berpepan, id. Li. 2 ; II.
xlii. C.E. p. 100, 19. Weak conjuga-
tion.

Spigan, Spegan, prsct. speog, spogen, to
invade, pervade, penetrate. Read Spi-
£ende, Lb. II. xxiii. Setfce hine
rylpne ongean pone (so) ppegenban jyji,
M.H. 184 b. St. Martin set himself in
opposition to the invading fire. Ealle fta
pullneppa ftaer "Syrtpan opnep fte me scp
ftuphppeosh on peg aplymebe, Beda,
629, 21. Put to flight all the foulnesses
of the darksome furnace, which previotisly
had scorched me. ^ nsenrg bipceop obper
bipceoprcrpe onrpoge, Beda, 575, 32,
that no bishop invade another bishops
diocese. Cf. Inrpogennyr, invasion, Beda,
507.

Spyle, masc, gen. -er, a sivelling. lib. ix.
3. On mycelpe spyle, Bed. 616, 6, is
some error ; see 616, 38.

408

GLOSSARY.

Spyppan, prset. Speopp, p. part. Spoppen,
to file, to grind away, whether by a file or
a grindstone ; and so to polish. " Spyppb
limat" Gl. Prud., p. 144 b. " Appoppen
expolitus," id. p. 142 a. Spoppen C.E., p.
410, 24 ; p. 497, 18, also notes. Cf.
Gothic Swairban ; ohg. Swerban, Fars-
werban.

Apgeppeopp, brass filings. Lb. I.
xxxiv. 1.

Geppypp, gen. -ep, filings. Hb. ci. 3.

Sjupman, swarm, de apibus, cxamen ex
alveari educere. Leechd. vol. I., p. 384.
Cf. " Coaluissent, suopnabun." Gl. C.
read suopmabun for speopmabon ?

Spopan, to swoon, see geppopung, swowe in
Will, and Werwolf, p. 4.

T.

-cange, -tenge, -tinge, as a termination
occurs in Getenge, accidental to, quod
accidit alicai, in Intmga, occasion, in
Geaboptenge, adjacent, in Samtengep,
continually ; the same syllable is seen in
contingit, contigit, Tvyx^veLV> ^^XV>
Tangere, Qiyziv, Touch.

Teagan, to prepare, parare. j> lanb mib to
teagenne :• Da t> lanb fta geteab paep.
Beda, 605, 33. Cuftbertht requested some
husbandry tools wherewith to till the
land; so when the land was prepared.
prset, teobe, CE. 335, 1. 16, 336, 1. 4.

Tapu, Teapo, neut., gen. -op ; tar, gum, dis-
tillation from, a tree; ivax in the ear;
neut, Lb. I. xlv. 3, I. liv., I. lxi. 1, also
makes tapan, masc., Lb. III. xxvi., xxxi.
bone teaji, Lacn. 3. Geclsem ealle ba
seamas mid tyrwan, Horn. I. 20, calk all
the scams with tar. So Gen. vi. 1 4. Typ pan
pop peallum, Gen. xi. 3. Gepopht op
tigelan. -j op eop'Stypepan, OT. 304, 12,
wrought of tiles, thin bricks, such as the
Romans made, and bitumen.

Telgpa, masc, gen. -an, branch, ramus,
Quad. i. 7. Sume bonne sneddun tel-
gran of treowum, Matth. xxi. 8, Rush-
worth, ed K.

Teon, prs&t . teah, p.p. togen, draw, ducere.
The translation of getogen, Quad. vi. 11,
as tightened, is justified by the context
and by the following example. A monk
calls on the devil to untie his sandals,
and the devil does so : then the monk is
frightened and backs out, but 'Sa gepune-
bon $a bpangap on micelum baele onto-
gene i onlrSobe ; GD. 217 a., the thongs
remained in great part untightened and
eased.

Tetpa, Lb. II. xxx., appears to be an error
for Tetep, masc, tetter, impetigo. HsepS
tetep on his lichoman, P. A. 15 b., hath
tetter on his body. Se tetep butan pape
he opepgse'8 ealne Sone lichoman, ibid.,
" Impetigo quippe sine dolore corpus
" occupat." So Sc 46 a. The gll.,
Quad. ii. 10, Hb. xlvi. 6, cxxii.

Tipe, fern ? bitch ; Isl. Tik, bitch, fem.
Dansk. Tgeve, bitch. Lb. II. lx. contents.

Typbelu, Typblu, pi., little tords, tredles ;
the droppings of sheep are called sheeps
tredles in Somerset, trattles in Suffolk.
See Moor Gl. ; further. Tridlins : Craven
Gl. Lb. I. xxxi. 4, II. lix. 6, etc

TogecteS, there are tuggings, spasms. Lb.

I. XXV.

Top begete, hard gotten, Lb. I. xlv. 5.
The expression goes to mark a Dansk
admixture in the Lb. Cf. Torpenginn,
hard to get, in the Laws of Magnus the
law mender ; Nu ap bvi at vinno menn
ero miok torfengnir i herafti, oc allir
vilia nu i kaupferdir fara. Kaupa Bolkr,
23, Now since men for labour are very
hard to get in the country, and all will now
go a trading. Tor, with o long, is fre-
quent in later English, " It were tor for
" to telle al here atyr riche/' William
and Werwolf, fol. 21 ; "It were toor for
" to telle treuli al be so>e," id. ibl. 75,
with the notes.

GLOSSARY.

409

Topb, a piece of dang, stcrcus conformatum ;
neut, Lb. I. xlviii. 2 ; I. lxxii. ; III.
xxxviii. Quad. vi. 14, 18, 19, 20, 21,
24, Lacn.

Tojmige, blear eyed, with eyes inflamed
and full of acrid tears. Hb, xvi. 3, " ad
" lippitudinem oculorum," Lat. Hb.
liv. 1, "ad epiphoras oculorum," Lat.,
that is, excess of lacrymose humour. A
■ compound of typan, and ease.

TVS, tooth, dens, makes dat. sing. tobe, Lb.
III. iv., but ceb, Exod xxi. 24, and nom.
pi. teb, Lb. III. iv., but tobas, G5. 34,
SS. 141, ace. pi. ccS, Lb. I. vi. 5.

Tob^aji, a tooth pick. Lb. I. ii. 22. Gap is
not a weapon originally, but alxw, some-
thing at an acute angle, as in the Gore
of a gown. See gapa, Cod. Dipl.
vol. iii.

Tprg, neut, a trough, Lb. III. xlviii. ppuh,
another form of the same word, is fern,
in all the examples cited by Lye ; is
neut. in C. D. 118, A.D. 770. Bibbenbe
aner lytler tpoger, OT. 312, 32, Beg-
ging for a little boat.

Tulge, root of tongue, Lb. I. xlii., there is
no notion of flesh, or muscle, or hypo-
glottis. It is Gothic, Tulgus, Idpaios,
aTepeos. Gothic, TulgiSa, fern, oxvpapa,
acrcpdXeia, kdpaiwjxa.
Tun5ilpnpypt,fem.,gen. -e, white hellebore?
Veratrum album, for it seems probable
enough, that Tunpn^jiypt, Hb. cxl. and
Gl. Dun., is a contraction of this older
form. Lb. I. xlvii. 3.
Tj'aibe, two parts in three ; Lb. III. ii. 1. ;

III. x., xiii., xxxix.
Tpimht, downy ; from Tjun byssus, Gl. Lb.
I. xxxi. 7.

y-

J7sepc, masc, gen. -er, wark,pain. Wark,
in compounds at least, is in most of the
modern gl. Dansk. Waerk, pain. Isl.
Verkr., masc. Occurs masc. Lb. I. iv. 2 ;
II. xlvi. 1. Also J^eopce, peopc, J7pacc.

^aipc — cont,

See Pref. vol. I. p. xcvi. Not to be con-
founded with j7eopc, work, neuter. The
feminine article in Lb. II. xlvi. 1, for
sidewark, is an error, it is masc. in the
next four lines ; such errors occurred by
attraction, for pbe is feminine.
JZajpcan, be in pain. Lb. III. xviii.
J7getepbolla, masc., gen. -an, dropsy, dropsi-
cal humour, i/'5pwi|/ vSepos, Lb. I. xxxix.
vdepiKi] irapeyxv(ris, Lb. II. xxi., occ.
I. xliii.
J7seteppypc, fern., gen. in -e, waterwori,
Callitriche verna. In Hb. xlviii. water-
wort is made Callitriche, and we may
perhaps trust our botanists in their own
science for this herb. The figure in
MS. V. is such that it resembles Ixapha-
nus raphanistrum stripped of leaves (II).
" Waterwort Callitriche verna " (Nem-
nich). Sir W. Hooker says Water star
wort.
J7ajtla, masc, gen. -an, a cloth. Lb. II. xxii.
J7apan, wave, iactare. Lb. III. xviii.
]7ah, in pahmela, Lb. II. Iii. fine, ohg.
Wahi, mhg, Waeke, subtilis, expolitus,
venustus, kunstlich, fern, schon.
J7ealpypt, fern., gen. -e, walhvort, dicarf
elder, Sambucus ebulus, Hb. xciii. ; but
Intuba, endive, intubus, Gl. Cleop. fol.
53 d.
]7eap, masc, boivl; Lb. II. xxi v., the same
as J>pep = Norse Hverr, masc It trans-
lates uter, a waterskin, Paris Psalter, Ps.
cxviii. 83.
J7eap, masc, pi. peappas, a hard pimple on
the face ; a hardened callosity ; varus.
" Vari parvi ac duri sunt circa faciem
" tumores." Paul. JEgin., col. 444 A.
Lb. I. Jxxiv.
p"eap;$-, J7eaphb]i3ebe, gen. -an, fern ?, a
wide spread warty eruption, Hb. ii. 18,
" ulcus," Lat. xx. 8; " carcinoma,"' Lat.
Lb. I. xxxiv.
^ece, weak, debilis, Lb. II. Iii. 1 ; J7ace,
J)D. p. 425 vi. Without the final vowel,
Gl. 11. 115 ; Sc 10 b ; Boct. p. 176 a ;
Ccedtn. (if Ca3dm.), 154, 20 MS.

410

GLOSSARY.

J7ebe, mad, furious, phreniticus, indeclin-
able in Hb. i. 25, in contents see var.
lect. ii. 21, contents iv. 10, xxxvii. 5, etc.
Lb. I. lxix.

J^egbpsebe, fem., gen. -an, properly " way-
" broad," but called ivaybread; 1. Plan-
tago maior ; 2. reo pupe pegbpsebe,
plantago media, it it hoary, hirsute.
Hb. ii., Lb. II. lxv., etc.

J7en&e, ^senge, ^ange, neut., gen. -an,
cheek, bucca; Matth. v. 39 ; Luke v. 29 ;
Lb. I. i. 8, 10 ; III. xlvii. ; Horn. II. 180.
And him fta pongan bpice'5, S.S. 140.

]7enn, J7en, a wen, masc, pi. pennas. Lb.

I. lviii, ; III. xxx. ; Lacn. 12.
j7enpypt, fern., gen. -e ; " wenwort," is of

sorts: — 1. clupiht, or cloved ; Lb. I. lviii.,

II. Ii. 3. 2. cneoehce, kneed ; id. I. lxvi.
Wenwort must be so called from curing
wens ; for wens are good, says Salmon,
" Alexander, Archangel, Asarabacca,
" Celandine, Chickweed, Coriander,
" Crow foot, Cresses, Darnel, Endive,
" Figwort, Laser wort, Lentils, Melilot,
" Purslane, Thorowwax, Turnsole,
" Wound wort." Among these, for 1,
Ranunculus acris, as crow foot, Ranun-
culus Jicaria, as the lesser celandine, and
for 2, Darnel, Lolium temulentum, are the
most likely.

J7epmob, gen. -es, masc, wormwood, Arte-
misia absinthium. Lb. II. xxii., lxv. 5 ;

III. iii. 2, xxxi.

Se >ula pepmob, Anthemis cotula ? Lb.
III. viii.

J7ice, ivych elm, Ulmus montana, occ. Lb. I.
xxxvi. Declension and gender unas-
certained.

j7ij el, masc, a beetle. Lb. III. xviii.

TopbjnyeL, Scarabceus stercorarius,
Linn. Geotrupes, others Lb. III. xviii. It
feeds on and lays its eggs in dung.

p"ilbe (with final vowel), wild, silvestris-
J7ilbe arra. Gl. R. 21. (Lye inexact).
J7ilbe bap. Gl. R. 20. (Lye inexact),
p'llbe oxa. Gl. R. 19, which has also
pilbe cynner hopr, 20. J7ilbe cypret.

^llbe — cont.

Gl. R. 39, but pilb, 44. J7ilbc popig.
G1.R.41. Hpit pilbe pingeapb. G1.R.39.
J7ilbe laccuce. Gl. R. 44. (Lye inexact).
j7ilbe nsep. Gl. R. 42 and 44. (Lye
inexact). J7ilbe pmgepb. Gl. R. 39.
J7ilbe pyp. Gl. R. 11. (Lye inexact).
To some of Lyes quotations are attached
no references. J7ilbbeop is a compound,
sometimes written pilbeop, and the geni-
tive plural is pilbbeopa. The separate
words are found Nan pilbe beop. Horn.
I. 486. ftayaft pilbe mob. S.S. 168,
line 755, where mob is neuter. Lib. I.
xxxvii. 2. Probably more examples of
e dropped, than as above, may appear.

J7ylyen ? or -ne ? gen. -e, a she wolf, lupa.
Quad. ix. 7. Germ. Wolfinn. Cf.
Mynecenu.

j7yllecaepre, -cypre, fem., gen. -an, fenu-
greek, Trigonella foznum gracum, from Gl.
Brux. Gl. Dun.

J7mbelrcpeap, neut., gen. -ep, windle straw,
cynosurus cristatus. Lb. I. iii. 12.
Jamieson. Nemnich. The expression
" two edged " belongs perhaps to the
spike. But Mylne (Indigenous Botany)
did, and the author of the name, Par-
kinson, must have understood Agrostis
spica venti.

j7ypm, masc, gen, -ep, any creeping thing,
worm, snake, dragon, mite, insect, acarus,
vermin. Lat. Vermis and Vermiculus.
So multipedae are " many foot wormes,"
in Hollands Plinius. The numerous
worms mentioned in the Saxon text are
not all lumbrici.

Anapypni. See Ana.
ftanbyypm, hand worm, perhaps trans-
lating Keipiai as if from Xeip. Ksipiai
occurs as lumbrici lati in Aetios, 492 e
Lb. I. 1. " Teredo, urcius, surio, Gl. in
Lye. Surio, or Sirio, which is the name
of the itch mite in many European lan-
guages, seems to me to be only Cirio
from xeiP 5 but at the same time an
error for Ktipla. The lumbricus latus is
Taenia solium or Bothriocefalos latus.

GLOSSARY.

411

J7yjim — cont.

In Cod. Exon. p. 427, 24, it is said to be
" delved," whence the translation " earth
" worm " seemed justified.
Smoegapypm, see letter S.
Deappypm, dew worm, in Lb. I. 1.,
infests the feet.

Rengpypm, Ren-, ringed worm, a kind
of belly ivorm. Alex. Trallianus divides
the worms which infest the human body
into three, of which this is one. Upwrov
roivvv rj/xas ej'SeVcu 5e?, us rpnr6v tlprjKa-
o~iv oi iraAaiol rwu kXfxivQwv elSos, ef /xeu
to fxiKpov irdvv nal \eirr6v, u icaAe'iv
elci'daffiv ao'Kdpib'as, devrepou 5e rovruu
(TTp6yyv\ov,\ nal rpirov 6.X\o rb twc
TrXareioov. Ed. Ideler, p. 315. To the
same effect M. Psellus in the same
vol. p. 241. The moderns have more
sorts. Hb. Ixv. See Lb. I. xlviii. xlix.
They seem to derive their name from
the rings of some of them. An earth-
worm is Angeltjucce.

J7ypmj>ypfc, wormwort, Sedum album or
villosum. Wilde Prick madame. (Lyte)
Lb. I. xxxix. ; I. lvii. ; III. ii. 6.
Chenopodium anthelminticum is Ameri-
can.

FyPP> gen- ~e> fem«5 recovery, valetudo in
melius conversa. Lb. I. iv. 5. Nu ir
Jjset bsepn cymen apsecneb to pyppe
peopcum ebpea, C.E. 5, line 8, now is
that bairn come, raised up for the recovery
of the Hebrews from their miseries. The
passage is congratulatory. C.E. 336,
line 5.

J7yptuns, fern., gen. -e, a preparation of
ivorts. Quad. iv. 5.

Jotmaijier pypt, pihtmaeper pypt, " Wiht-
" mars wort." Lb. I, ii. 13. " Britta-
" nica Vihtmeres vyrt vel heaven hin-
" dele," Gl. Dun. It may therefore be
spoonwort, scurvy grass, Cochlearia
Anglica. See frsepen hybele.
t7iv5e- J7iSo]unbe, gen. -an, fem. ?, withy-
wind, convolvulus, both Conv. sepium and
arvensis. Lb. I. ii. 20; I. vi. 7; I. xlix.

p'i'Sij;, masc, gen. pi'Siep, a withy, a ivillow,
salix. Lb. I. lxxiv. JEG. 13, line 54.

J7onpceaj:ta and ha ponvceajran, Lb. II.
xxxviii. and contents, may be taken either
as lividness or meagreness. The passage
of Thilagrios, does not exhibit the word.

J^precte, gen. -er, crosswort, galium crucia-
tum. Lb. IILi., viii. Lacn. 12,29. Wa-
rantia ppet, gl. Leechd. vol. I. p. 376.
" Vermiculum . i . parance . i . protte,"
Gl. Harl. 978, with " cruciata maior
" warence," Gl. M. The Galium tribe
were often called by names which mark
their relationship to the Madder, thus
Vermiculus, properly the cochineal insect
used to get a red dye, transfers its name
to Madder, Rubia tinctorum, and Mad-
der gives its appellations to the Galiums
its relatives. " Cruciata maior . i •
" warence . anglice madir," Gl. Harl.
3388.

p'ububenb, -binb, gen. -es, masc. '?, wood-
bind. Hb. clxxii.; Lb. I. ii. 21 ; III. ii. 1 ;
III. xxxi., convolvulus, from the leaves of
the drawing, the likeness to the caper
plant, and modern usage ; which, besides
convolvulus, applies the name also to the
honeysuckle.

J7ubu cepuille, wood chervil, cow parsley,
Anthriscus silvestris. Cepuille being an
English adaptation of Cerefolium, Xaipe-
(pvAKov (Columella), and pubu being
taken in the sense of our wild, we as-
certain at once, that we have here the
Chserophylluni silvestre, which Koch
and Hooker now name Anthriscus silv.
Nemnich agrees, and Lytes description.
In Hb. lxxxvi. wood chervil is made to
be Asparagus agrestis,and the drawings
in MSS. V., T., A. have clearly the
characteristics of Asparagus officinalis.
If our Saxon interpreter held his opinion
with deliberation, he differs from the
rest of our English world. Asparagus
in MS. Bodl. 130, is drawn like the
mature plant.

J7ubu lectpic, masc, wood lettuce, wild
sleepwort, Lactuca scariola is Hb. xxxi.

412

GLOSSAKY.

J7ubu lectpic — cont.
Lactuca sylvatica. Masc. G.D. 1 1 a. The
gloss in H. Scariola must be accepted ;
Sir J. E. Smith turns it Prickly Lettuce;
Sir W. Hooker says it is found on waste
ground in Cambridgeshire, at Southend,
Essex, and formerly near Islington. He
adds that the garden lettuce, L. sativa, is
not a native of this country. " Lactuca,
" letuse, slepewort, idem ; domestica et
" campestris." Also " Lactuca agrestis,
" rostrum porcinum . mylk thistell." MS.
Harl. 3388. " Lactuca silvatica idem
" wild letys, bis erbe has leuys like to a
" thystell, and they ben scharpe 1 ken It
" hit has a floure of purpure colour, "t
" hit groys in feldes "t in whet," MS.
Bodl. 53G, fol. 17. The word purpure
was in early times an exact repetition
of purpureus, which the Eomans applied
to any bright colour. The flower of
Lactuca scariola is yellow. Lactuca sil-
vatica has yellow rays in MS. Bodl. 130,
but the leaves are too like sword blades.
It is there glossed Suge bkiftel, that is,
sow thistle. " Scarola . endiua . txcnna
(?) lactuca agrestis," Gl. M. The
drawing in MS. T is an exact representa-
tion of L. scariola, glossed Branca vrsina,
to which there is resemblance.
J7ubu pop:, hpoye, gen. -an: 1. Asfodelus
ramosus. In Hb. xxxiii., liii. Woodroffe
is astula regia, that is hastula regia, the
royal sceptre, and all accounts agree that
it is a kind of onion, an asfodelaceous
plant, with a vast number of bulbs,
" lxxx. simul acervatis ssepe bulbis,"
" Plinius, xxi. 68 ; and though it has
" transferred its name to the daffodil,
" yet not that plant, Narcissus pseudo-
" narcissus, is its equivalent. The As-
phodelus is figured in MS. V. fol. 28 a,
but the flower is gone ; the drawing, as
much as remains, matches that in Fuch-
sius, p. 121. " Asphodellus, wode houe"
(so), MS. Harl. 3388. " Astula regia. i .
" wode rove," MS. Kawl. C. 607. " Has-
" tyca regia . i . woderofe." MS. Bodl. 536.

J7ubu pop: — cont.

" Affodillus vude hofe," (so), Gl. Dun.
So Gl. M. Euchsius makes his goldwurz,
asfodelus luteus, Gl. E. 40. Lacn. 69.

2. Asperula odorata, modern usage.
In MS. Bodl. 130 ; for hastula regia is
drawn a true Asperula, with gloss in
14th century hand " woodrofe." "Rubea
" minor woodroff," MS. Bodl. 178.

^ubupoye, gen. -an, fem., wild rose, dog-
rose, hedgerose, rosa canina. Lb. I.
xxxvii. 1 .

J7ubu peaxe, gen. -an, fem ? wood wax,
ivood waxen, Genista tinctoria. Lb. I.
xlvii. 2 ; III. xxx.

Quires camb, masc, gen. -cs, " wolfs -
" comb," wild teazle, Dipsacus silvestris.
In Hb. cliii. translates xa}xaL^o}V> "which
in clvi. is turned by puljrer taeyl ; as the
teazing wool is combing it, this has no
surprise. The figure in MS. V. art. xxvi.
is a teazle, so MS. T. The equivalent
Xa/J-aieAaia was misunderstood by our
interpreter. However xa/jLai^*Cl}l/ is no
teazle at all, but a stemless thistle, the
Carlina acaulis, see eoyopbpocu, Masc.
Lacn. 3.

J7ulhan, wipe with wool, lana detergere,
Quad. vii. 4.

J7unbel ? a wound, pi. yunbela, Hb. i. 11,
cont, iv. 10, ix. 2. funbelan, DD. 417,
xxiii.

J7upme?, fem. ?, gen. -an, woad, Isatis
tinctoria. Somn. in Lex. has a gloss,
" Lutum," which is woad. Lb. II. lxv. 4,
j7upme being properly any thing having
the power of dying, not blue, but ver-
milion ; and representing the vermiculi
or cochineal insects.

V-

peapy, peopy, ivanting in something, ivSe-qs,
cut quid opus est, as they interpret the
Norse barfi. Whence 1, poor. 2, un-
leavened, of bread. 3, skimmed, of milk.
Lb. II. lii. 1.

GLOSSARY.

413

peapm, gut, pi. -ma)*, guts, intestina. But
"J> smsclbeapme, Lb. II. xxxi. Da Sybbe
nejnep hme mib hinbepepbe fceajrte on
'Sset ftnaeKSeapme, P. A. 55. a, Then
Aimer stabbed him with the hinder end of
his spcarshqft in the small gut. Gl. R. has
both fmselbeapmar and smsele beapmar,
74.

peyebopn, beyanbopn, masc, gen. -er,
" tufty thorn," buckthorn, Rhamnus ca-
tharticus and R. frangula, Lb. I. lxiv.
"Ramni. i. befeborn," Gl. Haii. 978.
So Gl. Arundel, 42, Gl. Dun., Gl. M. M.
p. 162 a, 24.

pegian for bi^an, press, pierce, by con-
traction byn, •which see. Lb. I. xvii. 1.
pupfte sebe^ebe, C.E., p. 92, line 17.
Lacn. 114.

pelma, masc, gen. by analogy in -an ;
Lb. I. xxxv. Fopbylmian in the Lam-
beth Psalter is obscurare. Fop'Son be
beojtpu ne beoS yopbylmobe vel jop-
rpopcene to be : *] mht j*pa rpa dees bi'S
onhhteb. Quia tenebrae non obscura-
buntur a te, et nox sicut dies illumina-
bitur, Ps. exxxviii. 11. Ne beapv. he
hopian no • byrtpum yopbylmeb • f he
bonan mote, Judith x. = p. 23, line 1 2,
Thwaites. Combined with burning brands
of fire in Cod. Exon. p. 217, line 23 =
MS. fol. 60 a, line 4. Compare Am to
iirKpepeiV robs Kara Truiy/j-bv klvSvvovs kcu
Kaieiv ri-]v (pdpvyya, Dioskor. iv. 156, with
lib. clxxxi. 2, last words, pelma and heat
go together in the Lb. In lib. cxl. 1 , I do
not find the words the Saxon had before
him, but translate as guided by clxxxi.

peoh hj?eopra, masc, kneecap, Lorica, Gl.
Harl. , genusculum. So " Whirl booan,
the round bone of the knee, the patella,"
Gl. to Tim Bobbin. The bone has
some similarity to lumbar and caudal
vertebra?.

peop, the dry disease, fern., gen. -e. See
beopabl. Fern. Lb. III. xxx., contents ;
if baepe be correct.

peopabl, fem., the dry disease or wasting
away. Lb. II. lxiii. A different signifi-

peopabl — coni.

cation was assigned by Somner, whose
words are " Deop, voVope, morbus qui-
11 dam,fortasse, inflammatio, phlegmone,
" an inflammation, a blistering heat of
" the blood or a swelling against nature
" being hot and red." Probably this
conjecture of Somners was founded
partly on the etymological considerations
which follow, peop seems to have for
its kindred words byp dry, byprt thirst,
that is, dryness, the German dorre, dry,
and a large number of other words, for
which see Spoon and Sparrow, arts 478,
592, etc In the German Diirrsucht
{dry sickness) atrophy, meagreness, con-
sumption, the withering effects of dry-
ness have produced the expression. The
Latin equivalent for these ideas would
be Tabes, which is treated of by Celsus
(iii. 22) as having for its species arpocpla,
atrophy, Kax^ia, corrupt habit of body,
and (pQicris, consumption, peopabl ap-
pearing in the feet, Lb. xlvii., is Tabes
in pedibus, such a wasting away of the
feet as arises from ulceration produced
by an over long journey on foot. That
the disease is spoken of as local some-
times follows from the teaching of
Celsus : " Huic (scil. cachexia?) prater
" tabem, illud quoque nonnunquam ac-
" cidere solet, ut per assiduas pustulas
" aut ulcera, summa cutis exasperetur,
" vel aliquse corporis partes intumes-
" cant." That worms belong to the
disease is paralleled in German, which
has its Durremaden, worms which cause
a meagre habit and atrophy.

Peoppypt, oyoppyjxt, fem., gen. -e, plough-
maris spikenard, Inula conyza, formerly
called C. squarrosa, Germ. Durrwurz,
Doorkraut ; which is as above. Lb. III.
xxx. Lacn. 40.

pymel, a thumbstall Lb. I. lxxv. Thimble
is the same word, the material is not in
the syllables. Cf. Germ. Diiumling, a
thumbstall; Dutch, Duymelinck, tegmen
sive munimen pollicis, theca pollicis

414

GLOSSARY.

pymel — cont.

(Kilian). pymel seems to have been
originally an adjective, hence its use in
Laws of Ine. xlix. Duymelinck in
Kilian is also a wren, a bird as big as
ones thumb.

pyn, prset. bybe, p. part. byb ; squeeze,
press, stab. Lb. II. iii. v., Quadr. vi. 15.
Norse at j?ja. The infinitive by ban of
dictionaries has no existence. Gebyn,
squeeze, Solom. and Sat. p. 150, line 34.
Gebyfl, id. p. 162, line 607. See Abyn.
It is a contraction of bigan. Beda, 611,
41. The present Ic \>\, fodio, MG. 32,
line 45.

pman, grow moist; the intransitive to
bsenan, moisten, as Lb. I. ii. 21.

pupe biftel, masc.,gen. -les ; "tufty thistle,"
sow thistle, sonchus oleraceus, Bot. Also
bubiptel, Germ. Dudistel, Lb. III. viii.

punopclappe, fem., gen. -an ; bugle, aiuga
reptans, if we may rely on a gl. Leech-
doms, vol. I. p. 374. " Consolida media,
" bundre clouere," Gl. Harl. 978. On
consolida media, see Fuchsias, p. 386.

punoppypc, fem., gen. -e, houseleelt, sem-
pervivum tectorum, so called from its
averting thunderbolts ; Grimm. Mythol.
clxi. : an allusion to this is found in some
copies of Dioskorides, iv. 189.

punpange, -penge, gen. -an, neut. as penge,
temple, timpus. Lb. I. i. 8; III. 1.

punpange — cont.
Plural in -ge. Lb. III. xli. Geploh ba
mib anum bytle bugan hip bunpengan,
Judges iv. 21, where, I presume, bugan
is not for begen, but rather begeonb.
^EG. 12, line 16.

ppaenan, make to dwindle, minuere, it appears
Hb. ii. 7, compared with Dpman, Hb.
ii. 4. So Lb. I. xxxi. 1. This signifi-
cation now seems too conjectural.

2. To soften, mollire. Tiloben hip
Isecap T ckme ppile mib pealpum t mib
bebenum gebpaman polbon, Bed., 611, 19,
Curabant medici hunc adpositis pigmen-
torum fomentis emollire. Done unge-
bpaepan ppyle mib ftygbe ^ ftpenbe, ibid,
line 40, Tumorem ilium infestum horum
adpositione comprimere ac mollire cur abat.

3. Irrigate. Fop bam gip j? paecep hi
ne gebpaenbe, ftonne bpugobe hio, etc.
Boet. p. 78, line 27. If the water had
not irrigated her, the earth, she would
have got dry, etc. Da abpugoban heop-
tan ge'Spasnan mib ftaem plopenban yfton
hip lape, P. A. 14 a, Corda arentia
doctrince fluentis irrigare. Donne pio
milbheoptnep "Seep lapeopep geftpseneJ
1 gelecft "Sa bpeofc ba3p gehiepenbep,
P. A. 27 a, Quando hoc in audientis pec-
tore pietas pradicantis rigat. Cf. bsenan.

ppepan, turn. See gebpepan.

INDEX OF PROPER NAMES.

Achilles, Hb. xc, clxxv. 5.

JElfred, king; in communication with the

Patriarch of Jerusalem, about healing

drugs, Lb. II. lxiv.

Bald, owner of the Leechbook MS., Lb.
p. 298.

Chiron, Hb. xxxvi.

Cild, scribe of the Leechbook MS., Lb.
p. 298. '

Columba, Saint, Vol. I. p. 395.

Dun, a leech, Lb. p. 292.

Elias or Helias II., Patriarch of Jeru-
salem, sends medical prescriptions to
King JElfred. For what is known of
him see Le Quien, Oriens Christianus,
Vol. III. col. 302, and the Bollandist
Acta Sanctorum for May 12, p. xxxix.

Fornet, in Islandic Fornjot, with the ter-
mination, Fornjotr, gives name to an
herb unknown, Fornets palm, or hand,
Lb. I. lxx., lxxi. His sons were rulers
of air, fire and wind (Skaldskaparmal,
p. 67, ed. Keykjavik) : his name occurs
in the elder Edda (Hrafngaldr, stanza
17). He is reckoned among the Eotens
or giants (Snorra Edda, p. Ill, ed.
Reykjavik) ; and he was felled by Thor
(ib. p. 61).

Garmund, servant of God, Vol. I. p. 385.
Perhaps Germanus, bishop of Auxerre.
See William of Malmesbury, p. 36, and
note, ed. Historical Society. Also Acta
Sanctorum, July 31. Waermund, the
ancestor of Offa and Penda (Sax. Chron.
626, 775), belongs to the fifth century,
and was no saint. Gormund, patriarch
of Jerusalem about 1118, was not cano-
nized, and could not be within the in-
tellectual reach of the author of that
charm.

Homeros, Hb. xlix., lxvi.

Leleloth invoked, Lb. p. 140.

Longinus, the soldier who pierced the
Saviours side, Vol. I. p. 393.

Mercurius, Hb. xlix., lxxiii.

On, Lb. I. xlvi. 1. See Glossary in Ana-
pyjxm.

Oxa, a leech, Lb. I. xlvii.

PiEON, properly an epithet of Apollo,

Hb. lxvi.
Patron invoked, Lb. p. 140.
Plinius, Lb. I. lxxxvii. 1.
Telephus, Hb. xc.
Tiecon, Lb. p. 140.
Vlixes, Hb. lxxiii.
WiTMiER. Lb. I. ii. 14. Glossary.

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8

Calendar of State Papers relating to Ireland, preserved in Her
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10

THE CHRONICLES AND MEMORIALS OF GREAT BRITAIN
AND IRELAND DURING THE MIDDLE AGES.

[Royal 8vo. Price 10s. each Volume or Part.]

1 . The Chronicle of England, by John Capgrave. Edited by the

Rev. F. C. Hingeston, M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford. 1858.

2. Chronicon Monasterii de Abingdon. Vols. I. and II. Edited

by the Rev. Joseph Stevenson, M.A., of University College,
Durham, and Vicar of Leighton Buzzard. 1858.

3. Lives of Edward the Confessor. I. — La Estoire de Seint Aed-

ward le Rei. II. — Vita Beati Edvardi Regis et Confessoris.
III. — Vita ^Eduuardi Regis qui apud Westmonasterium requiescit.
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5. Fasciculi Zizaniorum Magistri Johannis Wyclif cum Tritico.

Ascribed to Thomas Netter, of Walden, Provincial of the
Carmelite Order in England, and Confessor to King Henry the
Fifth. Edited by the Rev. W. W. Shirley, M.A., Tutor and late
Fellow of Wadham College, Oxford. 1858.

6. The Buik of the Croniclis of Scotland ; or, A Metrical

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Lincoln's Inn, Barrister-at-Law. 1858.

7. Johannis Capgrave Liber de Illustribus Henricis. Edited

hy the Rev. F. C. Hingeston, M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford.
1858.

8. Historia Monasterii S. Augustini Cantuariensis, by Thomas

of Elmham, formerly Monk and Treasurer of that Foundation.
Edited by Charles Hardwick, M.A., Fellow of St. Catharine's
Hall, and Christian Advocate in the University of Cambridge.
1858.

11

9. Eulogium (Historiarum sive Temporis) : Chronicon ab Orbe

condito usque ad Anuum Domini 1366 ; a Monacho quodam
Malmesbiriensi exaratura. Vols. I., II., and III. Edited by F. S.
Haydon, Esq., B.A. 1858-1863.

10. Memorials op Henry the Seventh : Bernardi Andreae Tho-
losatis Vita Regis Henrici Septimi ; necnon alia quondam ad
eundem Regera spectantia. Edited by James Gairdner, Esq.
1858.

11. Memorials op Henry the Fifth. I. — Vita Henrici Quinti,

Roberto Redmanno auctore. II. — Versus Rhythmici in laudem
Regis Henrici Quinti. III. — Elmhami Liber Metricus de
Henrico V. Edited by C. A. Cole, Esq. 1 858.

12. Muniment a Gildhall^e Londoniensis ; Liber Albus, Liber

Custumarum, et Liber Horn, in archivis Gildhallse asservati.
Vol. I., Liber Albus. Vol. II. (in Two Parts), Liber Custumarum.
Vol. III., Translation of the Anglo-Norman Passages in Liber
Albus, Glossaries, Appendices, and Index. Edited by Henry
Thomas Riley, Esq., M.A., Barrister-at-Law. 1859-1860.

13. Chronica Johannis de Oxenedes. Edited by Sir Henry
Ellis, K.H. 1859.

14. A Collection of Political Poems and Songs relating to

English History, from the Accession of Edward III. to
the Reign of Henry VIII. Vols. I. and II. Edited by
Thomas Wright, Esq., M.A. 1859-1861.

15. The "Opus Tertium," "Opus Minus," &c, of Roger Bacon.

Edited by J. S. Brewer, M.A., Professor of English Litera-
ture, King's College, London. 1859.

16. Bartholom^ei de Cotton, Monachi Norwicensis, Historia

Anglicana (A.D. 449 — 1298). Edited by Henry Richards
Luard, M.A., Fellow and Assistant Tutor of Trinity College,
Cambridge. 1859.

17. Brut y Tywysogion ; or, The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales.

Edited by the Rev. J. Williams ab Ithel. 1860.

18. A Collection of Royal and Historical Letters during

the Reign of Henry IV. Vol. I. Edited by the Rev. F. C.
Hinge ston, M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford. 1860.

19. The Repressor of over much Blaming of the Clergy. By

Reginald Pecock, sometime Bishop of Chichester. Vols. I.
and II. Edited by Churchill Babington, B.D., Fellow of St.
John's College, Cambridge. 1860.

12

20. Annales Cambrle. Edited by the Rev. J. Williams ab Ithel.

1860.

21. The Works of Giraldus Cambrensis. Vols. I., II., and III.
Edited by J. S. Brewer, M.A., Professor of English Literature,
King's College, London. ' 1861-1863.

22. Letters and Papers illustrative of the Wars of the

English in France during the Reign of Henry the Sixth,
King of England. Vol. L, and Vol. II. (in Two Parts). Edited
by the Rev. Joseph Stevenson, M.A., of University College,
Durham, and Vicar of Leighton Buzzard. 1861—1864.

23. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, according to the several

Original Authorities. Vol. I., Original Texts. Vol. II.,
Translation. Edited by Benjamin Thorpe, Esq., Member of ihe
Royal Academy of Sciences at Munich, and of the Society of
Netherlandish Literature at Leyden. 1861.

24. Letters and Papers illustrative of the Reigns of

Richard III. and Henry VII. Vols. I. and II. Edited by
James Gairdner, Esq. 1861-1863.

25. Letters of Bishop Grosseteste, illustrative of the Social Con-

dition of his Time. Edited by Henry Richards Luard, M.A.,
Fellow and Assistant Tutor of Trinity College, Cambridge, 1861.

26. Descriptive Catalogue of Manuscripts relating to the

History of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. I. (in Two
Parts) ; Anterior to the Norman Invasion. By Thomas Duffus
Hardy, Esq., Deputy Keeper of the Public Records. 1862.

27. Royal and other Historical Letters illustrative of the

Reign of Henry III. From the Originals in the Public Record
Office. Vol. I., 1216-1235. Selected and edited by the Rev.
W. W. Shirley, Tutor and late Fellow of Wadham College,
Oxford. 1862.

28. The Saint Alban's Chronicles : — The English History of
Thomas Walsingham, Monk of Saint Alban's. Vol. I., 1272-
1381. Vol. II., 1381-1422. Edited by Henry Thomas Riley,
Esq., M.A., Barrister-at-Law. 1863-1864.

29. Chronicon Abbatle Eveshamensis, Auctoribus Dominico

PRIORE EVESHAMLffi ET THOMA DE MARLEBERGE AbBATE, A

Fundatione ad Annum 1213, una cum Continuatione ad
Annum 1418. Edited by the Rev. W. D. Macray, M.A.,
Bodleian Library, Oxford. 1863.

30. Ricardi de Cirencestria Speculum Historiale de Gestis

Regum Anglic. Vol. I., 447-871. Edited by John E. B.
Mayor, M.A., Fellow and Assistant Tutor of St. John's College,
Cambridge. 1863.

13

31. Year Books of the Reign of Edward the First. Years

30-31, and 32-33. Edited and translated by Alfred John
Horwood, Esq., of the Middle Temple, B arris ter-at-L aw. 1863-
1864.

32. Narratives of the Expulsion of the English from Nor-

mandy, 1449-1450. — RobertusBlondelli de Reductione Normannice:
Le Recouvrement de Normendie, par Berry, Herault du Roy:
Conferences between the Ambassadors of France and England.
Edited, from 3ISS. in the Imperial Library at Paris, by the
Rev. Joseph Stevenson, M.A., of University College, Durham.
1863.

33. Historia et Cartularium Monasterii S. Petri Gloucestrle.

Vol. I. Edited by W. H. Hart, Esq., F.S.A. ; Membre cor-
respondant de la Societe des Antiquaires de Normandie. 1863.

34. Alexandri Neckam de Naturis Rerum libri duo ; with

Neckam's Poem, De Laudibus Div.n^e Sapientle. Edited by
Thomas Wright, Esq., M.A. 1863.

35. Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft of Early Eng-

land ; being a Collection of Documents illustrating the History
of Science in this Country before the Norman Conquest. Vols.
I. and II. Collected and edited by the Rev. T. Oswald
Cockayne, M.A., of St. John's College, Cambridge. 1864-1865.

36. Annales Monastics Vol. I. : — Annales de Margan, 1066-1232 ;
Annales de Theokesberia, 1066-1263 ; Annales de Burton, 1004-
1263. Edited by Henry Richards Luard, M.A., Fellow and
Assistant Tutor of Trinity College, and Registrary of the Uni-
versity, Cambridge. 1864.

37. Magna Vita S. Hugonis Episcopi Lincolniensis. From Manu-

scripts in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, and the Imperial Library,
Paris. Edited by the Rev. James F. Dimock, M.A., Rector of
Barnburgh, Yorkshire. 1864.

38. Chronicles and Memorials of the Reign of Richard the
First. Vol. I. Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis
Ricardi. Edited by William Stubbs, M.A., Vicar of Navestock,
Essex, and Lambeth Librarian. 1864.

39. Recueil des Croniques et anchiennes Istories de la Grant
Bretaigne a present nomme Engleterre, par Jehan de
Waurin. From Albina to 688. Edited by William Hardy,
Esq., F.S.A. 1864.

40. A. Collection of the Chronicles and ancient Histories of
Great Britain, now called England, by John de Wavrin.
From Albina to 688. (Translation of the preceding.) Edited
and translated by William Hardy, Esq., F.S.A. 1864.

14

In the Press.

Le Livere de Reis de Brittanie. Edited by J. Glover, M.A.,
Vicar of Brading, Isle of Wight.

The Wars of the Danes in Ireland : written in the Irish language.

Edited by the Rev. J. H. Todd, D.D., Librarian of the University

of Dublin.
A Collection of Sagas and other Historical Documents relating

to the Settlements and Descents of the Northmen on the British

Isles. Edited by George W. Dasent, Esq., D.C.L. Oxon.

A Collection of Royal and Historical Letters during the
Reign of Henry IV. Vol. II. Edited by the Rev. F. C.
Hingeston, M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford.

Polychronicon Ranulphi Higdeni, with Trevisa's Translation.
Edited by Churchill Babington, B.D., Fellow of St. John's
College, Cambridge.

Official Correspondence of Thomas Bekynton, Secretary to
Henry VI., with other Letters and Documents. Edited
by the Rev. George Williams, B.D., Senior Fellow of King's
College, Cambridge.

Royal and other Historical Letters illustrative of the Reign
of Henry III. From the Originals in the Public Record Office.
Vol. II. Selected and edited by the Rev. W. W. Shirley, D.D.,
Regius Professor in Ecclesiastical History, and Canon of Christ
Church, Oxford.

Original Documents illustrative of Academical and Clerical
Life and Studies at Oxford between the Reigns of
Henry III. and Henry VII. Edited by the Rev. H. Anstey,
M.A.

Roll of the Privy Council of Ireland, 16 Richard II. Edited
by the Rev. James Graves, A.B., Treasurer of St. Canice,
Ireland.

RlCARDI DE ClRENCESTRIA SPECULUM HlSTORIALE DE GeSTIS REGUM

Anglle. Vol. II., 872-1066. Edited by John E. B. Mayor,
M.A., Fellow and Assistant Tutor of St. John's College, and
Librarian of the University, Cambridge.

The Works of Giraldus Cambrensis. Vol. IV. Edited by
J. S. Brewer, M.A., Professor of English Literature, King's
College, London.

Historia et Cartularium Monasterii S. Petri Gloucestrle.
Vol. II. Edited by W. H. Hart, Esq., F.S.A. ; Membre cor-
respondant de la Societe des Antiquaires de Normandie.

15

Historia Minor Mattil&i Paris. Edited by Sir Frederick
Madden, K.H., Keeper of the Department of Manuscripts,
British Museum.

Annales Monastici. Vol. II. Edited by Henry Richards Luard,
M.A., Fellow and Assistant Tutor of Trinity College, and Regis-
trary of the University, Cambridge.

Chronicon Radulphi Abbatis Coggeshalensis Majus ; and,

C/HRONICON TERR^E SANCTiE ET DE CAPTIS A SALADINO HlERO-

solymis. Edited by the Rev. Joseph Stevenson, M.A., of
University College, Durham.

The Saint Alban's Chronicles : — Vol. III., The Chronicles of
Rishanger, Trokelowe, Blaneford, and others. Edited by
Henry Thomas Riley, Esq., M.A., Barrister-at-Law.

Chronicles and Memorials of the Reign of Richard the First.
Vol. II. Edited by William Stubbs, M. A., Vicar of Navestock,
Essex, and Lambeth Librarian.

Year Books of the Reign of Edward the First. 20th, 21st,
and 22nd Years. Edited and translated by Alfred John
Horwood, Esq., of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at-Law.

Recueil des Croniques et anchiennes Istories de la Grant
Bretaigne a present nomme Engleterre, par Jehan de
Waurin (continued). Edited by William Hardy, Esq., F.S.A.

Descriptive Catalogue of Manuscripts relating to the History
of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol.11. By Thomas Duffus
Hardy, Esq., Deputy Keeper of the Public Records.

In Progress.

Chronica Monasterii de Melsa, ab Anno 1 1 50 usque ad Annum
1400. Edited by Edward Augustus Bond, Esq., Assistant
Keeper of the Department of Manuscripts, and Egerton Librarian,
British Museum.

Documents relating to England and Scotland, from the
Northern Registers. Edited by the Rev. James Raine,
M.A., of Durham University.

WlLLIELMr Malmesbiriensis de Gestis Pontificum Anglorum,
Libri V. Edited by N. E. S. A. Hamilton, Esq., of the Depart-
ment of Manuscripts, British Museum.

January 1865.

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