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LEOPOLD
SCHWARZSCHILD
COLLECTION
AR 7043
/
IN VENTOR Y ;
BOX
POLDER
BOX POLDER
Leo Baeck Institute Archives: Box Inventory List
DateCreated: 4/14/99
Call Number
Collection Titles
No. Polders
AR 7043
Leopold Schwarzschild Collection
14
Box 1
I. Correspondence, II. Personal Material
Polder List
1. Biographical Data
2. Miscellaneous Correspondence, Leases, Hotels and Telephone Bills 1940-1942 (1,1)
3. Alphabetical Correspondence 1; A to O, including "Anonymous" (1/2)
4. Alphabetical Correspondence 2; P to Z (1/2)
5. Correspondence concerning Klaus Mann (Originals) 1 (1/3)
6. Correspondence concerning Klaus Mann (Originals) 2 (1/3)
7. Correspondence concerning Klaus Mann (copies) (l/3a)
8. Correspondence concerning Erich Casper (1949-1950) (1/4)
9. Correspondence 1942-1949; Alphabetical (1/5)
10. Reviews and Correspondence concerning Reviews (1942-1949) (1/6)
11. Correspondence re: LS's writings and publications (1947-1949); Alphabetized, including "Anonymous" (1/7)
12. Autobiographical Sketches (11/1)
13. BiographyofLS(ll/2)
14. Photographs: Florida, 1941 (Most photos removed to photo file) (11/3)
BoxSize .5 Feet
1 Collection(s); 14 Polder(s); 0.50 Peet. Inv-ID#117
Leo Baeck Institute Archives: Box Inventory List Call Number Collection Titles
AR 7043
Box 2
Folder List
Leopold Schwarzschild Collection Manuscripts, A. Der rote Preusse
DateCreated: 4/14/99
No. Polders
12
1 . Der rote Preusse, part 1 ~
2. Der rote Preusse, part 2
3. Der rote Preusse, part 3
4. Der rote Preusse, part 4
5. Der rote Preusse, Preface (typescript)
6. British reviews of "Der rote Preusse" 1948 (clippings)
7. Contract for Finnish language version of "Der rote Preusse"
8. German reviews of "Der rote Preusse", 1954-1955 (clippings), radioscript based on book
9. Fragments of "Der rote Preusse"
10. Outline of "Der rote Preusse"
1 1 . Contract for "Der rote Preusse"; typescript of chapter from Marx Biography
12. Copy of contract and footnotes for "Der rote Preusse"
BoxSize .5 Feet
1 Collection(s); 12 Folder(s); 0.50 Feet. Inv-ID# 118
Ex:
.A.1
.A.2
.A.3
.A.4
.A.5
.A.6
.A.7
.A.8
.A.9
.A.10
.A.11
.A.1 2
Leo Baeck Institute Archives: Box Inventory List
DateCreated: 4/15/99
Call Number
Coilection Titles
Box 3
. Manuscripts, B. Gog and Magog
No. Polders
AR 7043 IlLeopold Schwarzschild Coilection ||6
Polder List
1 . "Gog and
2. "Tovarich
3. "Gog and
4. "Gog and
5. "Gog and
6. "Gog and
Magog" (English, unpublished typescript) III. B.1
Hitler or Comrade Hitler" (typescript) III. B.2
Magog," Part 1 (German, typescript with handwritten
Magog," Part 2 (German, typescript with handwritten
Magog," Part 1 (German, typescript with handwritten
Magog," Part 2 (German, typescript with handwritten corrections)
corrections) corrections) corrections)
.B.3 .B.3 .B.3 .B.3
BoxSize .5 Feet
1 Collection(s); 6 Polder(s); 0.50 Peet. Inv-ID# 119
Leo Baeck Institute Archives: Box Inventory List Call Number Collectlon Titles
DateCreated: 4/15/99
No. Polders
AR 7043
Leopold Schwarzschild Collectlon
Box 4
Polder List
Manuscripts, C. Fragments and D. notebooks
1. Fragments of book on Communism (ca 1949)
2. Notebooks "Volume 3." on the Hitler-Stalin Pact (1949)
BoxSize .25 Feet
1 Collection(s); 2 Folder(s); 0.25 Peet. Inv-ID# 120
Ex:
.C .D
Leo Baeck Institute Archives: Box Inventory List Call Number Collection Titles
AR 7043
Leopold Schwarzschild Collection
Box 5
Folder List
III. Manuscripts, E. "World in Trance"
1 . "World in Trance," part 1
2. "World in Trance," part 2
3. Notes for "World in Trance"
BoxSize .5 Feet
1 Collection(s); 3 Folder(s); 0.50 Feet. Inv-ID# 121
DateCreated: 4/15/99
No. Folders
Ex:
.E.1 .E.1 .E.2
Leo Baeck Institute Archives: Box Inventory List Call Number Collection Titles
AR 7043
iLeopold Schwarzschild Collection
Box 6
Folder List
. E. Clippings re: "World in Trance"
1 . Clippings for "World in Trance" 1
2. Clippings for "World in Trance" 2
3. Clippings for "World in Trance" 3
4. Reviews for "World in Trance" 4
5. Reviews for "World in Trance" 5
BoxSize .5 Feet
1 Collection(s); 5 Folder(s); 0.50 Feet. Inv-ID# 122
DateCreated: 4/15/99
No. Folders
■t
Leo Baeck Institute Archives: Box Inventory List Call Number Collection Titles
AR 7043
Leopold Schwarzschild Collection
Box 7
Polder List
III. Manuscripts, E. "World in Trance"
1 . "World In Trance", Original German manuscript, 1
2. "World In Trance", Original German manuscript, 2
3. "World In Trance", Original German manuscript, 3
4. "World In Trance", Original German manuscript, 4
5. Chapter IV of "World in Trance"
6. Notes and materials to the history of First World War
BoxSize .5 Feet
1 Collection(s); 6 Folder(s); 0.50 Feet. Inv-ID# 123
DateCreated: 4/15/99
No. Folders
i
Ex:
.E.4 .E.4 .E.4 .E.4 .E.5 .E.6
Leo Baeck Institute Archives: Box Inventory List Call Number Collection Titles
AR 7043
Leopold Schwarzschild Collection
DateCreated: 4/15/99
No. Polders
Box 8
Polder List
III. Manuscripts, F. Primer of the Coming World
1. "Primer of the Coming World," German typescript 1943; 1
2. "Primer of the Coming World," German typescript 1943; 2
3. Review of "Primer", 1944
4. "Primer of the Coming World," Original German typescript; 1
5. "Primer of the Coming World," Original German typescript; 2
6. Scrapbook and clippings re: "Primer", 1942-1945
BoxSize .5 Feet
1 Collection(s); 6 Polder(s); 0.50 Peet. Inv-ID# 124
i
Ex:
.F.1 .F.1 .F.2 .F.3 .F.3 .F.4
Leo Baeck Institute Archives: Box Inventory List Call Number Collection Titles
AR 7043
Leopold Schwarzschild Collection
DateCreated: 4/15/99 No. Polders
Box 9
Polder List
. Manuscripts, F. "Primer"; IV. Articies and Speeches
1 . "Primer of the Coming World," German typescript with handwritten corrections; 1
2. "Primer of the Coming World," German typescript with handwritten corrections; 2
3. "Common Sense about the Future," (English typescript of "Primer")
4. "The ABC of a Better World"
5. "Primer of the Coming World," Fragments
6. "Potain ofVichy"
7. Outline "When Potain was King of Prussia"
8. "Diagnose des Falles Frankreich"
9. "Executlon of a Relic"
10. "A hundred thousand war aims"
1 1 . Outlines to Planned Articies and Speeches: "The Defendants"
"Vostra Culpa" oder "Die Verfluchten Jahrzehnte"
"Two Decades: Trial and Sentence of a Generation"
"Die Angeklagten" Introduction
"Vostra Culpa" oder "Die Verfluchten Jarhzehnte" (another draft)
BoxSize .5 Feet
1 Collection(s);11 Polder(s); 0.50 Peet. Inv-ID# 125
Ex:
.F.5 .F.5 .F.6 .F.7 .F.8 IV.A.1 IV.A.2 IV.A.3 IV.A.4 IV.A.5 IV.A.6
Leo Baeck Institute Archives: Box Inventory List Call Number Collection Titles
DateCreated: 4/15/99
AR 7043
iLeopoid Schwarzschild Collection
Box 10
Polder List
IV. Articies and Speeches
1 . "In Defense of the Balance of Power"
2. "Monologue on the Balance of Power"
3. "Jubilaem unseres Problem No. 1", "It all happened before"
4. "Koennen Maxisten antisemitisch sein?"
5. "Der Singsang vom Volk"
6. "November 7, 1917"
7. "How to prepare for the next Depression"
8. "The colonies: a sore spot"
9. "The ABC of Inflation"
10. "Labor Union - eine Frage der Macht"
11. Outline re: "Keynesian Revolution"
12. Notes on Pierre Laval
13. Fragments and notes
Box Size .5 Feet
1 Collection(s); 13 Folder(s); 0.50 Feet. Inv-ID# 126
No. Polders
13
Ex:
IV.A.7
IV.A.7
IV.A.8a/8b
IV.A.9
IV.A.10
IV.A.11
IV.A.12
IV.A.13
IV.A.14
IV.A.15
IV.A.16
IV.A.19
IV.A.20
Leo Baeck Institute Archives: Box Inventory List
DateCreated: 4/15/99
Call Number
Collection Titles
AR 7043
IlLeopold Schwarzschild Collection
Box 11
Folder List
IV. Articies and Speeches, A. 17-18 Various
1 . Various Articies; 1
2. Various Articies; 2
3. Various Articies and fragments; 1
4. Various Articies and fragments; 2
5. Various Articies and fragments; 3
BoxSize .5 Feet
1 Collection(s); 5 Folder(s); 0.50 Feet. Inv-ID# 127
No. Folders
Ex:
IV. 17 IV. 17 IV. 18 IV.18 IV.18
Leo Baeck Institute Archives: Box Inventory List
DateCreated: 4/15/99
Call Number
Collection Titles
AR 7043
Leopold Schwarzschild Collection
Box 12
IV. Articies and Speeches, A. 21 - B.2
No. Polders
11
Polder List
Ex:
1 . Notes for articies, letters to the editor
2. Correspondence, to Herr Enoch
3. Outlines of various articies
4. Correspondence re: "Piain Talk" Magazine, fragments
5. Handwritten notes and manuscript fragnnents
6. Speeches and letters to the editor of the "New York Times"
7. "Expose concerning the publication of the 'Neues Tagebuch' in New York"
8. Weekly articies by "Argus"; 1
9. Weekly articies by "Argus"; 2
10. Typescripts of Broadcasts to Germany by LS, 1942; 1
1 1 . Typescripts of Broadcasts to Germany by LS. 1942; 2
BoxSize .5 Peet
1 Collection(s);11 Folder(s); 0.50 Peet lnv-ID# 128
IV.A.21
IV.A.22
IV.A.23
IV.A.24
IV.A.25
IV.A.26
IV.A.27
IV.B.1
IV.B.1
IV.B.2
IV.B.2
V •
IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3)
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150mm
//
J iIPPUED IM4GE
1653 E. MPIN STREET ROCHESTERp NY 14609 ;= TEL C716D 482-0300 FPX C716D 288-5989
Precision IIVU1GE Products & Services
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PnH+4«oi VI. • .. I^eoPold Schwarzschi 1(^ npiiection
Political publicist, economiat and Journalist. Editor of Das Ta^Phueh iq91 iq^^
and of Das Neue Ta^Phuch (Paris 1 933-1 940) . Z./^/" A/g>>- t^/T jfv^^ n'^o
(bom Frankfurt am Main 1891
1950
I Correspondence
•3
'£^
Quantity: 4^ feet
v,.
2. Alphabetio correspondence inoomlne and oonie. rf mit-I«.!? . ^ . ,
Robert Breuer, Bruno PrLc. Ludfi^r^Jee afd n^So^'^jilnl.aJSis'fS"*"^
cri^s^iL^'^" '"^^°^'* "^"^'^ *« - "«" pouuos"*:sr3crr::^Hiid.a
3. correspondence conceming the Klaus Mann - Leopold Schwaf5-.c^i,n,i o^^ . roi. 4-
Schwarzschild's accusation that K Mann wL'f^o^^St Je^t) in^l^di^^^ letters from and to Erika and Klaus Mann, Bruno Fra^ f? al 1« ?f?f 3a. xerox copies of the correspondence in 1.3 ' * "^^ letters
4. Correspondence with and about Erich Casper 1949-50
6 I^??J' 'r'^'"''' "•"• '^«'«■^l'oc''". Robert Kernte" *"' °"^'' '*'^' '
II Personal material I i /i ci»
1 . many versions of autobiographical sketch - 5 pp. and curriculum vita.
I: :,^h?r!Fiir.'srmr^^^^^ -^ ^- (2'c%ies)r:ddrriS:^^
(^^ 4. photo of Leopold Schwarzschild, oversize-
III Large scale woMc«- by Schwarzschild'^'^'^ 2 J4 -Cp^
3., 4. two nofbooks c^^nt^alSS PP.* \tl Sa'oTJ^pe'j^^I^f o'* Se'r^fr'^^^^^
5. German typescript for preface of ^eßeiprussiS ! 6 1 "er Hote Prea.^P
for changes in manuscript on Marx -5 p^" '^ ®^^*"^
6. clippings of reviews of Leopold Schwai'jrqf^h^iH»«, t».* d j r. j
7. .cntract for Jlnnish Xan^ veralr^r^^^JäSSM^"^ ' ''^'='^"*^"
8. "^^PPi'gJl'^ie.a^of^Ber Rote Preuaae -Oer^, 1954-55. "also radio pro^a. Script
9. ''--|--^(|«:^Pt,o^e^^^and^^Uab versions of d.,,,,t^P,^ ^^,, 0. The Red Prussian - outline - 5 pp. (several copies)
U: SS^-fco^n^:^: ?- Säkl-Ä\e1 f--tt- Ld-P-------- - —
'• tg^esSipfoTCLl:!^ ^^^?-^^' never published) 2,.r/
2. typescript, "Tovfri^h Mt?^; o^ %! J l"??'"'-^ *''^''" '^^^ PP« ^ introduction
sy^ojsis Ig pp. ' ^^ ^"^""^ ^^'"""' ^""^ Comunism" -
3. binder ^^f ^f ^^f t^^^cript of Qo^ and Ma^^ -the twin. M...... ... ,.,, .
:)oy pp, with handwritten corrections -German ^ "~
(i
es
Leopold Schwarzschild collection 2-
A.
III C. fragments (handwritten add typed) of book on communism(?) -notebooks, and ,
articles, c. 1949 < i^iO
D. Notebook labelled volume 3$ contains "Zehn Jahre nach den schwaerzesten Tag" / • hc^
52 pp. mostly typed , Gennan, 2 copies - written 1949 about the beglnning of World War II (Hitler-Stalin Pact)
E. World in Trance I^Too'^
1 . typescript of World in Trance with handwritten corrections - German Version,
584 pp.(includes chapter not in English aad American versions
2. notes and proviaional typescripts for World in Trance > copies of documents, Chronologie-
al notes etc. 5. Clippings, correspondence and füll issues of magazines ref erring to Schwarzschild 's
World in Trance (including controversy with H.G. Wells), also various articles by Schwarzschild about Germany 1 942-1 Q45 (some cru^bling)
4. Original German manuscript of World in Trance, partly- typed, partly handwritten -
783 pp*
5. Chapter IV of World in Trance (pp. 165-186) "The first appeasements"
F. Primer of the Coming World 'c> i^c'i^^
1. typescript - Primer of the Coming World - German, written Summer 1945, 563 pp. *
2. photocopy of review of L Schwarzschild •s Primer of the Co miM World in Time
July 1944
3. Primer of the Coming world - complete German original typescript -363 pp. 4# Scrapbook of clippings - reviews of World in Trance and Primer of the? Coming World
1 942-1 945 5» Primer of the Coming World - German typescript with handwritten corrections,
pp. 6-365
6. Primer of the Comixut World (called. Common Sense about the Puture)-ÄBaPBXÄi:xB:HpxKxx
-English, 505 pp.
7. outline The ABC of a better world - 40 pp. (several copies) Gern an and English,
and outline draft of Primer of the Coming World (with various titles) -44 pp., handwritten
8. parts of Primer of the Coming World
IV.^Xrticles and speeches (also fragments) l3 ^nche.s-
1. "Petain of Vichy" -several versions, 18 pp. and 16 pp.
2. Outline - "When Petain was King of Prussia": also "Als Petain Koenig von Preussen
war"- outline - 2 pp. (several copies) 5. article on France-1940, "Diagnose des Falles Frankreich"-1 7 pp.
4. "Execution of a relic"- 7 pp., also handwritten Germaua Version (on confiscation of
Rothschild family fortune in France and their disenfranchizement)
5. A hundred thousand war aims - 11 pp. (severaj versiona)
6. "The Defendants", "Die Angeklagten" (English and German versions) - 19 pp; outline
of "Vostra Culpa oder die verfluchte Jahraehnte" -12 pp., 2 copies
7. "In Defense of the Balance of Power" -15 pp.,16pp. -several copies; "Monologue
on the balance of power" - 50 pp. (several versions)
8. a. Jubilaeum unseres Problem No.1 -llpp and 5 pp. versions (several copies) -
about Communism and Marx b. It all happened before, or Mr. Browder's one-hundredth anniversary" - 8 pp.
9. Koennen Marxisten antisemitisch sein? -10 pp and ISjJp. versions (several copies)
10. "Der Singsang vom Volk" -8 pp; "The Refrain of »the People • "-several copies,
German and English - on Communist use of the term "the people"
11. 7 page German typescript on the 1917 Russian revolution; "November 7f1917" -several
copies German -17 pp, alio 2 pp outline and other versions
12. "How to prepare for the next depression" -German and English versions -14 pp, 15 pp
also 2 pp. German outlines (also called "How to face and weather the next depression")
/
Leopold Schwarzschild Collectiom ^-5-
IV.
15. "The colonies: a sore spot";"Colonien das heisse Eisen" -4 pPt 3 pp. versions
cf outline
14. The ABC of inflation - German - 11 pp.
15. "Labor Union -eine Frage der Macht" -English adn German versions -12 pp; German
article about labor iinions - 9 pp.
16. Article outline on Keynesian revolution - 3 pp f German
17. Felder conliaining the following articles : vv-
Deutschlands verlorene Generation - 8 pp. , 2 versions
The miracle of the Trumpet of Jericho - 11 pp.
Outline - how durable is unity?
Hitler/"the tool of the Capitalasts" - 10 pp, 5 versions
Political value of the German exiles - 8 pp.
Free access to the raw materials - 4 pp.
200 Jahre später..." -outline, 17 pp., 5 copies
also fragments and untitled
18. Felder containing the following articles, plus fragments and untitled
What is left of the German peril? - 13 PP* (7 copies)
Dictatorships cannot be overthrown - 2 pp. (2 copieai^
Churchill -Triumph und Tragik - 14 pp. ^ , .. m* f r^^^
Intellectual reconversion - 11 pp.^ '' KcBflfe^ W//ff^/f afi^^seMiHS^hXlfi,
Ausrottung - 7 pp. " ^' ff
Catching up with ani overtaking the United States - 15 PP»f 3 copies Die grosse biologische Revolution - 17 pp.
The budget of the revolutions - 17pp# ,v, . ; K. ^ L^ jL,ix^^/^m
The baUle of the propogandas - 2 pp. ' U*»* '^^ "e^rK^f VPfi Jet JeVtSchf**
Fareifell to inflation - 12pp
Repeat Performance af ter 30 years - 1 9 pp.
The unchanging pattem of defeat
Re-education of Germany - 5 pp.( outline)
We hold the world record for elections - 12 pp.
2 Prozent Trinkgwld für perfekte Bedienung - 4 pp.
19. handwritten notes and part of a typescript on Pierre Laval, with handwritten
corrections
20. fragmentd of typescripts; fragment about Hitler, handwritten article about
Ludwig Erhard, notebook, article about Rumania -13pp; Invasion no.10; clippings "The arsenal of democracy against the arsenal ofNazism- outline, 2 copies, "Der Krieg der Minen und Fabriken"
21. Notes for atticles, letter to editor "|
22. letter to Herr Enoch accompanying article on Himmler - 8 pp,1941 aJ.so fragment:,^
of the article and of other typescripts y"' \
23. one page outlines of various articles
24. fragment about the United States, also clipping of Hitler's 1943 New Years message;
correspondence as member of the staff ofi Piain Talk magazine with Foundation for Economic Education - 1 950
25. Binder - handwritten notes and manuscript fragments - German and English
26. letters to editor of the NY Times; speech November 19, 1943 -3 pp; other speech
- 25 pp; book review by Schwarzschild of K Heiden* s Hitler biography
27. "Expose conceming the t)ublication of the Neues Tagebuch in New York"- 5 PP
(8 copies) - proposal B. Article series and broadcast series V'A Mc/ifs 1. Weekly articles written by "Argus" November 23, 1942 -February 18, 1945 with a few
gaps, in reverse chronological or der 2..Texts of 59 daily broadcasts to Germany by L Schwa-^ jschild on the world Situation -
German typescripts some with English versions Janixaiy 6, 1S42-May 8,1942
I5ff
\
(fh
"^CHlOht
4,^ >^ Lo ät fJ^i***^
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• .W<,u.,(4j., ..^
m
Political publicist. ecoLTst S^j^^^^lj^t' mt^'^of D . k
and of M^fe^j:,,,^ (Paris ^ 931^^1 t'.eTT t^vITZ. I.V' ' ^'^
(born Prankfurt am Main -ISÄrtfl^^^''^'^ '"^"W ^
^89^ 1950 .
Quantity: 44" feet I Correspondence
^ • ^ytirillTs:\]lttl^^^^^^ lIstfoT^r ^ ^°^^-^°^^ Schwar^scMld,
including Alfred'Polgar friSV^» %f >. ^^'^f^^^'^^^^^'^^y telegrams 2. Alphabetic correspondeLefLj^iL^^j!!'^^^
Robert Breuer, Bruno Prankr^dfirMarcSr^f. °'^*«°i^g)-»c. 1 inch, including
4. Correspondence with and about Erich Caspar 1949-50
II Personal material
1 . many versions of autobiographical skAtrh r „„ ^
2. biography of Leopold SchSrzschild - 3 L h^l' ^^"^^'^^^^ vitae 5. p.hotos -Florida; ^ g^^ °"*^^^^°^ild -.3 pp. (2 copies), address list
4. photo of Leopold Schwarzschild, oversize
III Large scale woHca- by Schwarzschild
OA. Der Rote PrAiigao (The Red Prussian) - biocratihv nf k-o^i m- 1 . 2. two notebooks containimr nn i-^ß7 ^J^f'^P^y f ^^^ Marx 3., 4. two nofbooks contaiS^ IV llll fJl?T *^^°fiP* °^ Der Rote Pr.n.o.
5. German typescript for preffce of ?h/p^f x, *rP®^°^^P* o^ Der Rot^ Pr»»,....
. ^ for changes in ^LScrip? on ^I^IMT""" ' ' ^^' "^947; notes to East.^
7.- c Äol Äh xlÄtLtroTr^^^^ - ^-,Britain
8. --P^^^-iews^of^g^^^t,^^ ^i^FTgfüif also radio progra. script
9. P ragaents of typescript of Oerman and English verslon. r.r fl., „,* o
• „^ ^ ^''"°« <2 =«"«'>< ' English Tersion? "^"^""^ »'^ der rote Preim««, minljr
'• ty'gsS^p^TisT^S^'yHazTLir^^r.': "^°-^'' -"- P"^"""'^)
3. Under ||ntain.^ype3cr.pt^of ^^^^^'^._^^^.. -n ■. n,.,,,^,,^- .
^ti
l
i
Leopold Schwarzschild collection 2-
(
o
III C. fragments (handwritten add typed) of book on communisin(?) -notebooks, and
articles, c. 1949
D. Notebook labelled volume 3^ contains "Zehn Jahre nach den schwaerzesten Tag"
52 pp. mostly typed , German^ 2 copies - written 1949 about the beginning of World War II (Hitler-Stalin Pact)
E. World in Trance
1 . typescript of World in Trance with handwritten corrections - Gennan Version,
584 pp.(includes chapter not in English and American versions
2. notes and proviaional typescripts for World in Trance . copies of documents, chronologi«
al notes etc«
3. Clippings, correspondence and füll issues of magazines ref erring to Schwarzschild 's
World in Trance (including controversy with H.G. Wells), also various articles by Schwarzschild about Germany 1942-1945 (some crunbling)
4. Original German manuscript of World in Trance, partly*. typed, partly handwritten -
783 pp.
5. Chapter IV of World in Trance (pp. 165-186) "The first appeasements"
P. Primer of the Coming World
1. typescript - Primer of the Coming World - German, written Summer 1943, 363 pp.
2. photocopy of review of L Schwarzschild 's Primer of the Co ming World in Time
July 1944
3. Primer of the Coming world - complete German original typescript -363 pp.
4. Scrapbook of clippings - reviews of World in Trance and Primer of the? Coming World
1 942-1 945
5# Primer of the Coming World - German typescript with handwritten corrections,
pp. 6-363 6« Primer of the Comimf World (called. Common Sense about the Future)-a«KradbcKaj)xExx
-English, 303 pp. ?• outline The ABC of a better world - 40 pp. (several copies) Gern an and English,
ar.d outline draft of Primer of the Coming World (with various titles) -44 pp.,
handwritten 8. parts of Primer of the Coming World
IV. Articles and Speeches (also fragments)
1. "Petain of Vichy" -several versions, 18 pp. and 16 pp.
2. Outline - "When Petain was King of Prussia": also "Als Petain Koenig von Preussen
war"- outline - 2 pp. (several oopies)
3. article on France-1940, "Diagnose des Falles Prankreich"-17 pp.
4. "Execution of a relic"- 7 pp., also handwritten German Version (on confiscation of
Rothschild ffiuaily fortune in France and their disenfranchizement)
5. A hundred thousand war aims - 11 pp. (severaj. versions)
6. "The Defendants", "Die Angeklagten" (English and German versions) - 19 pp; outline
of "Vostra Culpa oder die verfluchteJahraehnte" -12 pp., 2 copies
7. "In Defense of the Balance of Power" -13 pp.,16pp. -several copies; "Monologue
on the balance of power" - 30 pp. (several versions)
8. a. Jubilaeum unseres Problem No.1 -llpp and 5 pp. versions (several copies) -
about Communism and Marx b. It all happened before, or Mr. Browder's one-hundredth anniversary" - 8 pp.
9. Koennen Marxisten antisemitisch sein? -10 pp and ISjJp. versions (several copies)
10. "Der Singsang vom Volk" -8 pp; "The Refrain of 'the People» "-several copies,
German and English - on Communist use of the term "the people"
11. 7 page German typescript on the 1917 Russian revolution; "November 7,1917" -several
copies German -17 pp, alio 2 pp out^'.ine and other versions
12. "How to prepare for the next depression" -German and English versions -14 pp, 15 pp
also 2 pp. German outlines (also called "How to face and weather the next depression") -
Leopold Schwarzschild Collectiom ''^-3-
o
o
IV.
13. "The colonies: a sore spot";*'Colonien das heisse Eisen*' -4 pPf 3 PP* versions
(f outline
14. The ABC of inflation - German - 11 pp.
15« "Labor Union -eine Frage der Macht" -English adn German vereions -12 pp; German
article about labor unions - 9 pp«
16. Article outline on Keynesian revolution - 3 pp f German
17. Felder containing the following articles i «'''
Deutschlands verlorene Generation - 8 pp. , 2 versions
The miracle of the Trumpet of Jericho - 11 pp.
Outline - how durable is \mity?
Hitler, "the tool of the Capitalists" - 10 pp, 5 versions
Political value of the German exiles - 8 pp.
Free access to the raw materials - 4 pp«
200 Jahre später..." -outline, 17 pp., 5 copies
also f ragments and untitled
18. Felder containing the following articles, plus f ragments and untitled
What is left of the German peril? - 13 pp. (7 copies)
Dictatorships cannot be overthrown - 2 pp. (2 copiea^
Churchill -Triumph \md Tragik - 14 pp. *
Ihtellectual reconversion - 11 pp.
Ausrottung - 7 pp.
Catching up with aid overtaking the United States - 15 pp.f 3 copies
Die grosse biologische Revolution - 17 pp.
The budget of the revolutions - 17pp.
The battle of the propogandas - 2 pp.
Fareifell to inflation - 12pp
Repeat Performance after 30 years - 19 pp.
The unchanging pattem of defeat
Re-education of Germany - 5 pp.( outline)
We hold the world record for elections - 12 pp,
2 Prozent Trinkgeld für perfekte Bedienung - 4 pp.
19. handwritten notes and part of a typescript on Pierre Laval, with handwritten
corrections
20. fragmentd of typescripts; fragment about Hitler, handwritten article about
Ludwig Erhard, notebook, article about Rumania -13pp; Invasion no.10; clippings "The arsenal of democracy against the arsenal ofNazism- outline, 2 copies, "Der Krieg der Minen und Fabriken" 21 • Notes for atticles, letter to editor
22. letter to Herr Enoch accompanying article on Himmler - 8 pp,1941 aJ.so fragment
of the article and of other typescripts
23. one page outlines of various articles
24. fragment about the United States, also clipping of Hitler* s 1943 New Years message;
correspondence as member of the staff ofl Piain Talk magazine with Foundation for Economic Education - 1 950
25. Binder - handwritten notes and msuiuscript f ragments - German and English
26. letters to editor of the NY Times; speech November 19f 1943 -3 pp; other speech
- 25 pp; book review by Schwarzschild of K Heiden* s Hitler biography
27. "Expose conceming the |>ublication of the Neues Tagebuch in New York"- 5 PP
(8 copies) - proposal B. Article series and broadcast seides 1. Weekly Articles written by "Argus" November 23, 1942 -February 18, 1945 with a few
gaps, in reverse chronological er der 2..Texts of 59 daily broadcasts to Germany by L Schwa*^ :schild on the world Situation -
German typescripts some with English versions January 6, 1S42-May 8,1942
*t.'
^ ; ''•
> v/ 4^^^^^^
MPt David Kirschenbaum Carnegie Book Shop l40 East 59th Street New York, N.Y. 10022
Dear Mr. Klrschenbaura:
September 22, 1976 IS 308/6 - PO
We are herewlth sending you for appraisal the **Bodenhelmer Collectlon" whlch Is not o^wned by our Institute. but whlch was entruated to us for cataloglng and for obtalnlng your appraisal.
We are encloslng tha *Inventory Llst'of the Bodenhelmer Collectlon ^shlch Is subdlvlded Into 26 dlfferent sectlons, iiach sectlon is in turn packaged separat ely«
We should appreclate If you glve us your formal appraisal llne by llne for^^ach item of the collectlon.
Wlth klndest regards.
ereiy yours.
Fred Qruber Secretary
Sncl.: Inventory List of Bodenhelmer Collectlon
U^^
^: ^^^^ c^'
09
0.
^J^LI ^-fV^/^
Leopold Schwarzschild Collection
Political publicist, economist and Journalist. Editor of Das Tagebuch 1921-1933 and of Das Neue Tagebuch (Paris 1933-1940). Z.^k'ö/ //» /Ucy- \^o.k\P4e^ n^o
(bom Frankfurt am Main 1891
1950
'^
Quantity: 4t feet
/
/
I Correspondence
1. "Correspondence" 1940-1942: letters of introduction for Leopold Schwarzschild, hotel Jills, clippxngs, letters, lists of addresses,birthday telegrams Uncluding Alfred'Polgar, Erika Mann, Torberg et. al. )-1 941
^^^^h!ri%''°"'^T'^^°°^ (incoming and copies <f outgoing).,c. 1 inch, including Robert Breuer, Bruno Frank, Ludwig Marcuse and numerous Organization and criUcisms^^^° typescript "European War - World Politics" with Schwarzschild' s
3. correspondence conceming the Klaus Mann - Leopold Schwarzschild affair(about
Schwarzschild 's accusation that K Mann was a Communist agent) including
3« ..J:Z l tv*^ *° ^"^^ ^""^ ^^*"^ "^' B^o Frank, et.al. -18 letters
3a. Xerox copies of the correspondence in I.3
4. Correspondence with and about Erich Casper 1949-50
^' ^°''^oSr'^?°J! ^^"^J""^^ (incoming and outgoing) including publishers, comments on his works, letters from family and friends including Alfred Polgar, Bruno Frank° Carl Zuckmayer, H.R. Knickerbocker, Robert Kempner 6. Family and o the r correspondence 1942-1949, copies of review and praise of his wo including Franz Werfel, H.R. Knick»rbocker, Max Warburg Correspondence in response to Leopold Schwarzschild's writings and correspondence with publishers and magazines 1947-49 including Herman Kesten and Ludwig MArc
II Personal material 1 |/icii
1 . many versions of autobiographical sketch - 5 pp. and curriculum vitae
2. bioenraphy of Leopold Schwarzschild -.3 pp. (2 copies), address list 5. Pi hotos -Florida, 1 941
4. photo of Leopold Schwarzschild, oversize
III Large scale woH»- by Schwarzschild^'^'^ 2 J4 -£e£^
A. Der Rote Preusse (The Red Prussian) - biography of Karl Marx f/4 inJxM — 3 f * Slo ^°^^°u^ containing pp. I-367 of German typescript of Der Rote Preus.c. 5., 4. two not.books containing pp. 368 - 552 of typescript of Der Rote Preusse
5. <^"»«; typescript for preface of The Red Prussian - 6 pp. -1947; notes to Eastman
lor changes in manuscript on Marx - 5pp.
6. clippings of reviews of Leopold Schwarzschild's The Red Prussian - 1948.Britain
7. contract for Finnish language Version of The Red Prussian
8. clippings -reviews of Der Rote Preusse -Germany 1 954-55, also radio program script
based on the bock
9. Fi ragments of typescript of German and English versions of der rote Preusse. mainly
Epilog (2 German, 1 English Version)
10. The Red Prussian - outline - 5 pp. (several copies)
11. Contract for the Red Prussian; typescript of chapter I of Marx biography - Germany
12. Copy of contract for Red Prussian. footnotes for the Red Prussian
?• _GoS and Ma^og, the Nazi-Bolshevik twin<.rwri tt^n c. 1940-41, never published) ?./^r^f^ 1 . .ypescript of Go^ and Magog. the Nazi-Bolshevik twins -212 pp. and introduction ^. typescript, "Tovarich Hitler or Comrade Hitler, the twins Nasiism and Conununism" - Synopsis -23 pp.
3. binder containing typescript of Gog and Magog -the twins Naziism and Communism - /
l
369 pp, with handwritten corrections -German
/
/
V.
/
Leopold Schwarzschild collection 2-
« H
A.
III C. fragments (handwritten add typed) of book on cominunism(?) -notebooks, and
articles, c. 1949 '
D. Notebook labelled volume 3f contains "Zehn Jahre nach den schwaerzesten Tag" \
52 pp. mostly typed ^ German, 2 copies - written 1949 about the beginning of World War II (Hitler-Stalin Pact)
E. World in Trance I-Too't
1 . typescript of World in Trance with handwritten corrections - German Version,
584 pp.(includes chapter not in English and American versions
2. notes and proviaional typescripts for World in Trance, copies of docuiments, Chronologie-
al notes etc. 5* Clippings, correspondence and füll issues of magazines ref erring to Schwarzschild 's
World in Trance (including controversy with H.G. Wells), also various
articles by Schwarzschild about Germany 1942-1945 (some cru^bling) 4* Original German manuscript of World in Trance, partly typed, partly handwritten -
783 pp. 5. Chapter IV of World in Trance (pp. 165-186) "The first appeasements"
F. Primer of the Coming World ^^ \i^(i^^^
1. typescript - Primer of the Coming World - German, written Summer 1943, 363 pp.
2. photocopy of review of L Schwarzschild 's Primer of the Co migg World in Time
July 1944
3. Primer of the Coming world - complete German original typescript -363 pp.
4. Scrapbook of clippings - reviews of World in Trance and Primer of the? Coming World
1 942-1 945
5. Primer of the Coming World - German typescript with handwritten corrections,
pp. 6-363 6* Primer of the Comimt World (called. Common Sense about the Puture)-aEniXÄixKÄj)x»cx '"'
-English, 303 pp. j
7. outline The ABC of a better world - 40 pp. (several copies) Geman and English,
and outline draft of Primer of the Coming World (with various titles) -44 pp., handwritten
8. parts of Primer of the Coming World
IV. Xrticles and Speeches (also fragments) |3 iocn&^
1. "Petain of Vichy" -several versions, 18 pp. and 16 pp. ' —
2. Outline - "When Petain was King of Prussia": also "Als Petain Koenig von Preussen
war"- outline - 2 pp. (several copies)
3. article on France-1940, "Diagnose des Falles Frankreich"-1 7 pp.
4. "Execution of a relic"- 7 pp., also handwritten German Version (on confiscation of
Rothschild family fortune in France and their disenfranchizement)
5. A hundred thousand war aims - 11 pp. (severaj. versiona)
6. "The Defendants", "Die Angeklagten" (English and German versions) - 19 pp; outline
of "Vostra Culpa oder die verfluchteJahraehate" -12 pp., 2 copies
7. "In Defense of the Balance of Power" -13 pp.,16pp. -several copies; "Monologue
on the balance of power" - 30 pp. (several versions)
8. a. Jubilaeum unseres Problem No.1 -llpp and 5 pp» versions (several copies) -
about Communism and Marx b. It all happened before, or Mr. Browder's one-hundredth anniversary" - 8 pp.
9. Koennen Marxisten antisemitisch sein? -10 pp and 12ßp. versions( several copies)
10. "Der Singsang vom Volk" -8 pp; "The Refrain of 'the People* "-several copies,
German and English - on Comniunist use of the term "the people" 11.7 page German typescript on the 1917 Russian revolution; "November 7,1917" -several
copies German -17 pp, al: o 2 pp outline and other versions 12. "How to prepare for the next depression" -German sind English versions -14 p^ '
also 2 pp. German outlines (also called "How to face and weather the
next depression")
\ ./
/
Leopold Schwarzschild Collection "-3-
IV.
15. "The colonies: a sore spot" ; "Colonien das heisse Eisen" -4 pp, 5 pp. versions
cf outline 14. The ABC of inflation - German - 11 pp. 15# "Labor Union -eine Frage der Macht" -English adn German verßions -12 pp; German
article about labor unions - 9 pp.
16. Article outline on Keynesian revolution - 3 pp , German
17. Polder corit'aining the following articles : j:- ?
Deutschlands verlorene Generation - 8 pp. , 2 versions
The miracle of the Trumpet of Jericho - 11 pp.
Outline - how durable is \inity?
Hitler/' the tool of the Capitalists" - 10 pp, 5 versions -
Political value of the German exiles - 8 pp.
Free access to the raw materials - 4 pp.
200 Jahre später..." -outline, 17 pp., 5 copies
also fragments cuad untitled
18. Polder containing the following articles, plus fragments and untitled
What is left of the German peril? - 13 pp. (7 copies)
Dictatorships cannot be overthrown - 2 pp. (2 copies^ —
Churchill -Triumph und Tragik - 14 pp..
Intellectual reconversion - 11 pp.^'
Ausrottung - 7 pp.
Catching up with ani overtaking the United States - 15 pp., 3 copies
Die grosse biologische Revolution - 17 pp.
The budget of the revolutions - 17pp.
The battle of the propogandas - 2 pp.
Pareirell to inflation - 12pp
Repeat Performance after 30 years - 19 pp.
The unchanging pattem of defeat
Re-education of Germany - 5 pp.( outline)
Ve hold the world record for elections - 12 pp.
2 Prozent Trinkgeld für perfekte Bedienung - 4 pp.
19. handwritten notes and part of a typescript on Pierre Laval, with handwritten
corrections
20. fragmentd of typescripts; fragment about Hitler, handwritten article about
Ludwig Erhard, notebook, article about Rumania -13pp; Invasion no.l0; clippings "The arsenal of democracy against the arsenal ofNazism- outline, 2 copies, "Der Krieg der Minen und Fabriken"
21. Notes for atticles, letter to editor - V
22. letter to Herr Enoch accompanying article on Himmler - 8 pp,1941 aJ.so fragment . •
of the article and of other typescripts
23. one page outlines of various articles
24. fragment about the United States, also clipping of Hitler »s 1943 New Years message
correspondence as member of the staff ofl Piain Talk magazine with Foundation for Economic Education - 1 950
25. Binder - handwritten notes and manuscript fragments - German and English
26. letters to editor of the NY Times; speech November 19, 1943 -3 pp; other speech
- 25 pp; book review by Schwarzschild of K Heiden» s Hitler biography
27. "Expose conceming the l)ublication of the Neues Tagebuch in New York"- 5 pp
(8 copies) - proposal B. Article series and broadcast series ^'/j. Mclie^ 1. Weekly larticles written by "Argus" November 23, 1942 -February 18, 1945 with a few
gaps, in reverse chronological er der 2..Texts of 59 daily broadcasts to Germany by L Schwa- :schild on the world Situation -
German tjrpescripts some with English versions January 6, 1S42-May 8,1942
Leopold Schwarzschild Collpn-feinn ;!;^ i°^ publicist, econoraist and Journalist. Editor of Das Tagebuch 1921-1933 and of Das Neue Ta^^hnr^h (Paris 1933-1940) , /_/./^/ /o A/g^ Vo.U ^!ie^ n^o
1950
I Correspondence
3
1^
Quantity: 44" feet
'• '''°L'LTbilir"cl?J^7;^''S':r^" of introduction for Leopold Schwarzschild,
(incLdini Il?iiJ'i f ' ^Ü^?'"' ^^^*" °^ addresses^birthday telegrams 2 Alr,h«h!;f ^ * ^olg&T. Erika Mann, Torberg et.al.)-1941
'^b:rt BreueT'^^r^ ^TT?^.^^ °°P^^« «^ outgoing).,c. 1 inch, including ?o,!^«T f' r^ ''^'^' ^"<*''^« Marcuse and numerous Organization and criScxsL *yP«^°'iP* ^^^^ov.^ War - World Politics"^ith Schwarzschild • s
'* °°''''schwarzscM ^hT"^''^^ *^" ^'^"^ «^ " ^«°P°l<i Schwarzschild affair(about fetters ?ii™«nH^r'''f'e'' *^!* ^ ""^ *^^ ^ Comunist agent) including
3a xeroi co«L^ n? II ° ^"^^^ ^"* ^^*"^ "^^^ ^runo Frank, et.al. -18 letters ?a.. xeror copies of the correspondence in 1.3
4. Correspondence with and about Erich Casper 1949-50
^°^;^^P°^<i-nce 1942-49 (incoming and outgoing) including publishers, conunents on his rlr^ 7 1 a^" ^^""^^y ^^ fvtetids including Alfred Polgar, Brunc Frank
6 vJA Zuckmayer, H.R. Knickerbocker, Robert Kempner '
II Personal material | \/\Ji\
2 SSLHhfT,"* a^^tobiographical .ketch - 5 PP. and curriculum rltae
(^^ 4. photo of Leopold Schwarz schild, oversize
III Large scale woMca by Schwarzschild'^'^''' 2 J/z -Qp4
t* f^wo^nn^r^r ^''''! f^ P^^si^) - biography of Karl Marx ^^A l.cU. 1. 2. two notebooks containing pp. 1-367 of German typescript of Der Rote Preus^P 3., 4. two not.books containing pp. 368 - 552 of typesJript of oL^gte Preulse
5. German typescript for preface of The Red Pru.J.n - 6 pp. -19477^ftfftflas tman
for changes in manuscript on Marx - 5pp. ' Eastman
6. clippmgs of reviews of Leopold Schwarzschild 's The Red Prussian - IQAfl RT.i+«-!r,
7. contract for Pinnish language Version of The Red vlZV. 1948,Britaxn
''^T.s7rJ.'li:l^-^'^^^^'^ -«ermany 1954-55, also radio program script
10. The Red Prussian - outline - 5 pp. (several copies)
2 00^""^?*/°^ *^! l^^ Prussian; typescript of chapter I of Marx biography - Germanv 12. Copy of contract for Red Prussian. footnotes for the Red Prussian ^ ^ermany
?: tfSifglFfg^^ofLfr'^"^"!;7'y^ °- ^540-41, never published) T.^.cUs 2 typescript "TovfrSh lT^^* the Nazi-Bolshevik twinc -212 pp. and introduction typescrxpt^^Jovarxch Hitler or Comrade Hitler, the twins Naziism and Communism" -
3. binder ^°f ^j;«i»f Wscript of Gog and Ma^o. -the twin. N..-.-n... and Comn.nn.-.. .
369 pp, with handwritten corrections -German ^^^
Leopold Schwarzschild collection 2-
A,
III C. fragments (handwritten aüd typed) of book on cominunism(?) -notebooks, and
articles, c. 1949 *
D. Notebook labelled volume 3» contains "Zehn Jahre nach den schwaerzesten Tag" \
52 pp. mostly typed , German^ 2 copies - written 1949 about the beginning of World War II (Hitler-Stalin Pact)
B. World in Trance iToo'^
1 . typescript of World in Trance with handwritten corrections - German Version,
584 pp.(includes chapter not in English and American versions
2, notes and proviaional typescripts for World in Trance« copies of documents, Chronologie«
al notes etc. 3# Clippings, correspondence and füll issues of magazines ref erring to Schwarzschild *s
World in Trance (including controversy with H.G. Wells), also various articles by Schwarzschild about Germany 1942-1945 (some cru^bling)
4. Original German manuscript of World in Trance « partly typed, partly handwritten -
783 pp.
5. Chapter IV of World in Trance (pp. 165-186) "The first appeasements"
P. Primer of the Coming World ^^ m c*^^^
1. typescript - Primer of the Coming World - German, written Summer 1943, 363 PP*
2. photocopy of review of L Schwarzschild •s Primer of the Co ming World in Time
July 1944
3. Primer of the Coming world - complete German original typescript -363 pp.
4. Scrapbook of clippings - reviews of World in Trance and Frimer of the: Coming World
1 942-1 945
5. Primer of the Coming World - German typescript with handwritten corrections,
pp. 6-363
6. Primer of the Coming World (called. Common Sense about the Future)-aKXKratxBH|3iKxx
-English, 303 pp. )
7. outline The ABC of a better world - 40 pp. (several copies) Gern an and English,
and outline draft of Primer of the Coming World (with various titles) -44 pp., handwritten
8. parts of Primer of the Coming World
IV. Xrticles and Speeches (also fragments) l3 \ncn€^^
1. "Petain of Vichy" -several versions, 18 pp. and 16 pp.
2. Outline - "When Petain was King of Prussia": also "Als Petain Koenig von Preussen
war"- outline - 2 pp. (several copies)
3. article on France-1940, "Diagnose des Falles Frankreich "-17 pp.
4. "Execution of a relic"- 7 pp., also handwritten German Version (on confiscation of
Rothschild family fortune in France and their disenfranchizement)
5. A hundred thousand war aims - 11 pp. (severaj. versions)
6. "The Defendants", "Die Angeklagten" (English and German versions) - 19 pp; outline
of "Vostra Culpa oder die verfluchteJahraehnte" -12 pp., 2 copies
7. "In Defense of the Balance of Power" -13 pp.,1 6pp. -several copies; "Monologue
on the balance of power" - 30 pp. (several versions)
8. a. Jubilaeum unseres Problem No.1 -llpp and 5 PP« versions (several copies) -
about Communism sind Marx b. It all happened before, or Mr. Browder^s one-hundredth anniversary" - 8 pp.
9. Koennen Marxisten antisemitisch sein? -10 pp and 12iJp. versions (several copies)
10. "Der Singsang vom Volk" -8 pp; "The Refrain of 'the People' "-several copies,
German and English - on Communist use of the term "the people" 11.7 page German typescript on the 1917 Russian revolution; "November 7,1917" -several
copies German -17 pp, ali. o 2 pp outline and other versions 12. "How to prepare for the next depression" -German and English versions -14 pp,
also 2 pp. German outlines (also called "How to face and weather the next depression")
15 pp
Leopold Schwarzschild Collectioi
;-3-
versions
- 10 pp,
- 8 pp. pp.
5 copies
5 versions
IV.
15. "The colonies: a sore spot";"Coloiiien das heisse Eisen" -4 pPf 3 pp. versions
cf outline
14. The ABC of Inflation - German - 11 pp.
15. "Labor Union -eine Frage der Macht" -English adn German versions -12 pp; German
article about labor unions - 9 pp.
16. Article outline on Keynesian revolution - 3 pp ^ German
17. Felder containing the following articles -
Deutschlands verlorene Generation - 8 pp. p 2 The miracle of the Trumpet of Jericho - 1 1 pp Outline - how durable is unity? Hitler/' the tool of the Capitalists" Political value of the German exiles Free access to the raw materials - 4 200 Jahre später..." -outline, 17 pp., also fra{];ments and untitled
18. Felder containing the following articles, plus fragments and untitled
What is left of the German peril? - 13 PP. (7 copies)
Dictatorships cannot be overthrown - 2 pp. (2 copieai^
Churchill -Triumph und Tragik - 14 pp.
Ihtellectual reconversion - 11 pp.
Ausrottung - 7 pp.
Catching up with and overtaking the United States - 15 pp.f 3 copies
Die grosse biologische Revolution - 17 pp.
The budget of the revolutions - 17pp.
The battle of the propogandas - 2 pp.
Fareifell to Inflation - 12pp
Repeat Performance after 30 years - 19 pp.
The unchanging pattem of defeat
Re-education of Germany - 5 pp.( outline)
We hold the world record for elections - 12 pp.
2 Prozent Trinkgwld für perfekte Bedienung - 4 pp.
19. handwritten notes and part of a typescript on Pierre Laval, with handwritten
corrections
20. fragmentd of typescripts; fragment about Hitler, handwritten article about
Ludwig Erhard, notebook, article about Rximania -13pp; Invasion no.10; clippings "The arsenal of democracy against the arsenal ofNazism- outline, 2 copies, "Der Krieg der Minen und Fabriken"
21 . Notes for atticles, letter to editor
22. letter to Herr Enoch accompanying article on Himmler - 8 pp,1941 a}.so fragment
of the article and of other typescripts y' ,
23. one page outlines of various articles
24. fragment about the United States, also clipping of Hitler's 1943 New Years message
correspondence as member of the staff of Piain Talk magazine with Foundation for Economic Education - 1 950
25. Binder - handwritten notes and manuscript fragments - German and English
26. letters to editor of the NY Times; speech November 19, 1943 -3 pp; other speech
- 25 pp; book review by Schwarzschild of K Heiden* s Hitler biography
27. "Expose conceming the |)ublication of the Neues Tagebuch in New York"- 5 PP
(8 copies) - proposal B. Article series and broadcast series ^'/j. McAfS 1. V/eekly articles written by "Argus" November 23, 1942 -February 18, 1945 with a few
gaps, in reverse chronological er der 2..Texts of 59 daily broadcasts to Germany by L Schwa^ jschild on the world Situation -
German typescripts some with English versions January 6, 1S42-May 8,1942
1
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Leo Baeck Institute Archives: Box Inventory List
DateCreated: 4/14/99
Cail Number
Collection Tities
No. Polders
AR 7043
Leopold Schwarzschild Collection
14
Box 1
I. Correspondence, II. Personal Material
Polder List
1 . Biographical Data
2. Miscellaneous Correspondence, Leases, Hotels and Telephone Bills 1940-1942 (1,1)
3. Alphabetical Correspondence 1; A to O, including "Anonymous" (1/2)
4. Alphabetical Correspondence 2; P to Z (1/2)
5. Correspondence concerning Klaus Mann (Originals) 1 (1/3)
6. Correspondence concerning Klaus Mann (Originals) 2 (1/3)
7. Correspondence concerning Klaus Mann (copies) (l/3a)
8. Correspondence concerning Erich Casper (1949-1950) (1/4)
9. Correspondence 1942-1949; Alphabetical (1/5)
10. Reviews and Correspondence concerning Reviews (1942-1949) (1/6)
11. Correspondence re: LS's writings and publications (1947-1949); Alphabetized, including "Anonymous" (1/7)
12. Autobiographical Sketches (11/1)
13. Biographyof LS(ll/2)
14. Photographs: Florida, 1941 (Most photos removed to photo file) (11/3)
BoxSize .5 Feet
1 Collection(s); 14 Polder(s); 0.50 Peet. Inv-ID# 117
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IMIII Pi II II IUI IUI lllllil I.illllil
<
/mto«Bioitr>phioal Not—
By Ltopold SehwarztehUd
IS^l'Mli - I w» bom In Frwikfort on th« Main. Af t«r I ertiduatad fro» High sohool,my faally Mad« m% antar bualna«a.But that dld not attpaot na« In 1912 I bagan to atudy aoononlea and hlatory at tha
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Frankfort
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quitt Ing buainaaa ooaiplataly» At about tha aaaa tltta,my flrat artolaa wara prlntad In Tarlouik Garman papara
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tha
19U,-1919
untll tha and, and than raturnad to tha unlvaralty, But by 4^ now ay oiroumatanoaa had ohangad« If. had now to aarh mf llTlng. Slnoa I had iwn a oartaln raputat^lon aa a i»rltar,aTan a acholar, joba and commlaalona wara offarad to ma« My atudlaa at tha onlTaralty
andad bafora I had graduaytad«
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fraa-lanea
Trankfurtar
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Zaltuag**
Iraaaury
Organization of tha eanpalgn for tha flrat Intarnal loan of tha now-born raptAllo (öpar-Praaalan-Anlalha) In tha Frankfort dlat I wroU a drana about tha ranrolutlon of I918,antltlad_2[äuag2r'» but although tha jplMj waa suecaaafully px^>duoad In aany oltlaa, I dlaooTarad tha/lnaufflelanoy of «y ballatrlatlc talanta.and
mada no furthar ixouralona In thla flald. I Jolnad, aa an adltorial ^
Frankfurtar
1921-1933« A naw ♦high bipown^akly In Barlln , "Daa Taga-Buah", offarad
m» thm Position as oo-odltor and oo-publishor« ^aa»^j9mxB 4X l^t«- my partnor rotlrad» and ^til Hitler «aiM to power in 1933 Z •dltod "Das Taga-Bttoh** alona, and wrota «rary waak a eonaidarabla
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part of it ayoalf, Ita influanoa and oiroulation graw ataadily, ^'* ,aad-lfa ratroapaöt I iiould dirr-tg~iir"ttnrtHLt playad lyi^-liaaorabla — miil ttriai laadine part in tha battlaa of that pariod* It was, for inatanoa. tha f irst aanpan pviblioation that raalXy understood tha natura of tha Markl(a»aatoapka of tha aarly 20* a^ 4Hid tha nna und —
^ittS^-dami tha-printias prad»« Tha maga* zina waa aqually alona in its daaparata oampaign againat tha aupar- daflation poliey of 1930-32 whioh,indaad,broka tha naok of tha rap\iblio. And from tha aarly 20*8 to tha and tha "Taga-Buoh" atood at tha forafront of tha f ight againat tha gradual raorudaaoanoa of Oarman nationaliam and militarlaaiiand tha adranea of Nasiam« Döring thaaa aama yaara I foundad and vraa aditor of two mora «aalcliaa in Bariin. Thay wara aaant to sarra tha aana oaoaaa by diffarant aaans. Ona, "Montag Morgan", waa intantionally **low<-brow** and populär« Tha most oomplata antithaaaa of thia ona waa tha almoat asotaric "Magazin dar wirtachaff— in aona raapacta a Garman countarpart of tha London "Soonomiat", bu^rlfltornMaly-
ViMB»^
lg any nen-auunomic iaauasy-^tiod going a gooi >ing tha thaoratical.aoiantifio baokgrounda
of avary aubjaot«
rovtd JsmL
'^•^•/•V Z l>
to «t^
anough «uhaoribara \to »ttpport itiitf; At^f
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19 3 3-1940 > Aftar Hitlar*a adrant, I nada a narrow aaoapa froa Oamany. uv n«nji figurad on tha liat of th« firat 33 "onamiaa of tha Roieh
'ftjtH" AMt^i igf nn-^"" ^ *° * •"*'"*^' unpopulär at ttat tlMi »f
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b«ginnlagi
•hotad thli «ort of thlAg fe« allowsd to eontlnu«.
'Da«
^•u« Tage-Bueh ". and adltad It from tha alddla of 1933 to May 1940, whan Hltlar ioradtd Franc a. Aa far aa I know, thla waa tha only "rafu«aa'*-publioation in hiatory that iwaa ohiafly raad by non-rafu«aaa all ovar tha world» and waa raoognlaad and uaad by many authoritla« and nawapapara of many oountrlaa as an authorltatlTa aouroa. In addftlon to aurraying tha Oanaan aoan«, It diacuaaad tha daralopananta ^d tr»dJ on and bahlnd tha intarnatlonal ataga, and in alBoat arary oaaa Ita analyaaa wara borna out by tha aubaaquant aranta* I waa, in partioular, ona of tha Vary rara Anti-Nazla who dld not fall ▼lotlm to tha^popular front"-litany of sorlat Huasia. For long yaara bafora tha Stalin-Hltlar-Paot I rafuaad to raoogniza tha azlatanea of any antagonlam of prlnoipla batwaan Moaoow and Barlln, and did not put any truat in tha Kramlin «orda and aaauranoaa, and aon» aiatantly «arnad to axpaot xnora axaaparating aurpriaaa froia thla quartar than fron any othar*
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1940»1919 . Aftar tha collapaa of Franoa 1 oama to thia oountry. Tha firat thing I did waa to writa for tha Oxford Univaraity Praaa a book about tha kinahip batwaan Na«lam and Sorietiam. Ona day bafora it waa to go to praaa in Juna 1941 Hitlar ohoaa to Jump at Stalin* a throat, and tha book waa üifüi narar printad*
I than bagan work at a hiatory of tha batwaan-tha-two-wara-ara« *» World in Tranoa". aubtitlad: "Fron Varaaillaa to Paarl Hartor", waa publiahad in 1942, and haa ainoa baan tranalatad into alavan languages. It cauaed aoma atir whan winaton Churchill, prior to an
Empir« Confereno« In London, sant ooples of th« book to «aoh one of the Partie ipatine BrltlBh and Donlnion nlniatara, and raquaitad th«D to raad It bafor« tha opanlng of tha oonfaranoa«
In 1944 a naw Toluna I had irrittan waa publiahad in thii oountry, and aubaaquantly tranalatad into tan othar languagaat "Primär of tha Coming World** (Knopf) • It waa an inquiry into tha prindiplaa and proapaota of tha world-aattlament to oona. In oontradiatinotion to tha ohiliaatio fantaaias with whioh tha public was bombardad at that tlma, it waa an attampt at a oool rational appreisal, and conaaquontly Its oonolusiona^suggaatlona and antioipations wara rathar pessimiatio in oharaotar. Hiatory, unfortunataly^haa ohoean to oorxroborata thia book rather than tha ooramunia opinio«
in 1947 my biography of Marx, antitlad '*T!lff ^M ^nflffltlB" (soribnar) waa publiahad. Thia biography. not hagiography, waa tha produot of a lifa-tima of atudiaa, and of many yaara of work« Tha plotura it unfoldad waa coaplataly at Tarianoa with tha eon- ▼antional ona, but although a nujfcmber of zaaloualy Marxist raTiawara attaokad it,nona of tham vr9T darad to oontaat tha aeouraoy of avan ona of tha hundrada of unknown faota it raraalad. "ibay oouldn*t baeauaa avary aingla ona of thaaa faota wai doeuman* tad by quotationa from tha moat authantio aouraaa-- for tha moat part fron Marx* and Engala* own non-publie writinga« Up to now tranalationa haTa baan publiahad or ara balng praparad in aavan other wasiarn languagaa*
In eontinuation of thia Toluna whioh anda with Marx* daath« I am now wrking at »«Tha Rad Pruaaiana Haritaga**— tha arratio history of Marxiara from 1883 onward«
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j^'opoid SchtvargachlM Blogr«i.hiual data
Born lü 1.
BcrTore V.orld War I : Uuivr -ity •Traveii.lng all ovtjr huropo. Pirat pubilcatlon3,jaostiy In 'Pra-Jt-furt^r Zfltaig«*.
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In iMiny towns of Au«iri:i,j^'ücrci;iiiy,Ciechoüiv>vaii.la arid i-oiajid.CÄtcf editoriii.st of Fran fort rewäpapt^r.Cans.ltHiit of i:iul5try oi* Flüfujca of th. iic - ütr.ian Htpubiic fv/i* Statt—iu u;i( Hut;atlu..ü»
i^iOs A^ciUDiit-rjQ'i^n.r anä i;tlltor of thc weckiy «Da.: Tagebuch^^ in Bt.riln^vhich becaiiv/ om of cht outsti*i.><iii^ ioxiticai ut.tiilie;i in iurope.In a reccZit descriptiou oi the ^icjcxtlon^>no^ York^ (Dec^lC, ii^4.:) th* remsons for tlv parilc 1: r h tr <i v.hich Ihis j^ai-er inr,plrecl to the Gor^ii natiOüAilsts are reca^itulAtt^ t^vDa:. Tagebuch vas cofB»opoiit n^aaa ujulJi]pri^S8<au by ;^ttcrt«i co< 3»It vias i pos^^iLle to branu it as Socialist^-^^arxiatjur sowetixi.^ evcn norse L^cauSc it obviou:i>ly oife^l nu a^eglance to a:.y ^arty^orgai Isa LlOiv^or dogßu.^axid the tal#nt«d p^ n of its #dltor,Lcu^oi 'Chwarzscni-i^d^aLtaci^ea wlth
•quui gusto txK. provinclv.iisü of tht^ oeraiin ieft a.d thu b<id faith uf th. rl^ht.Das Tat^tjbuch ^i.deavured tv^ . .^Äe «good EuropeÄJis^' out of the n0ptibiic*c> iateiiige. isla axtu to tcach ihis^ the poi^x^iCc^i üovwir fairu of thu Ä^st<ra mor ia.lt chai^i^ioivA rt.concixi axon «ith thc^ Aiiii^.It bv.^lcvt-^ü m tht; ca.ltaiist Sj^Um ai-d hated aliitaris^. axid j^^action^p&rtlcuiariy th*^ üorte\ii varleV/ .Tusi^iu^ :i<.riuu.B uhe ri^hi of iuiaucraLic cu;.troi ov^r th© iiation«;> ai^-;cd forcus^it ^as a thoxni m Üiu ^ide of the .^€!lUiswthr aud itts poilticai p. ott^ctors"*
i^.... j ßstiilii>hes «t Benin hls st.fCO; a . t.^^jpaicr^a iO>>aiar «#€iNly caii^d ^li*»tli8 kor ($•11''«
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lifrAt Estabilsht s at Berilii his thir^l pa^eri^i^aga^in der Wlrti^chaf t^% a rather heavy^sciixitiflc or^ajo of tcuiiCMilc res«arch and critijue. Thfj inClu^Mcm i^hicn h<ö ex< rt3 a.* owoar^tditür aaU chiv,f coi.tributor of thrca iiJporta..t m»,vsi.aier arousts cu:Ttsi>i^iiaiiig cieürt^e of f^rlous ,i>liticai ho,Jtllity.Vl torlous iav; suit a ainst the Chief Pro8#cutur of the üirfisan c3upr««a Cuuit hoia ch^aizkchild hiA pub-^icly accuuiad to h vt^ prottcttu ii^üttad of piosecuteä certaiii naLionc\ii,>t as;ia;5ins.Gt ai^r&X Ättorocsy Jornü i3 fii*:jixy fireci froa
his ofrict
to biic^.4üt; iater IiititI^> Chief i ro3i cut.^r
i^itou. rrlcs daU(iht r of CoÄöi^i of Urazil i.. Vieiuia» j
Xd£Ä:Leavt:3 GeiTi^ny Itkacuj^dtt iy aftor Hitler has graspi^ü po cr^ His pr.pt-rty is ^cizca^hia pa|.ci*» arc c^u^itU Uwi&ii^Ari^töt ;5qaaäü hunt
him and his »If^ invain.Thc fir:^t 4ecrf>e uf tUis i.lnd dt^^j^rivus hia
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of his Ger^dan Citizenahip *^for having haraed Ger. an inttre^ts ^
through an attitc^de violatli^ hia dut> of ioyaity ..gaii^;il the Reich aod ihi. nation^** — Ih ii**ü>t^diat»-ly a^itabli.shes at iarts and Äßi^terdaiü a nmm «u^i^Iy »'Das äeue Tagebuch^* %^ ich a^uires int raatlonai faiae. It i«iIi^uite-iy :icutini5:t.s tht liiteriiatiu**ajL i€fVeio^^4Ät:.-ts aiKi aiiaiyses with Irr futa i*j docii^^^ ötation Ui» coi.oitions tu the .ictaior^^hip* couiitrieis ai.d th* ir preparatlvjns.Coi/piicated caicuXation:i which later ar# eoaipl^ tel^ coüfÄrued^tjti^ibie hü^-^for iiistcüci;, to t^ötablish thti exact Uiaouut of üt.riaan>'ii ar**«ffitnt cxpvndiLureo-- - thus su^i.l^^iiig Wlnston Charihlii with tht ü^^teriai JiHr oiu ^.f his . ost faii-ous '^arniug Süef cht s^Churchi wl praisc*i> ochvvarzaciiiii ior his ^♦invau,u<abx.e c^/Utii- buticus to the eü^ghLeiji-t :.t of Uio^st. who carc to be tiJ.i*^hLviicd'^» Tho>^as ^.., n Ci" the Hew York TlÄes) ca.is hi« a vcry brillant pv„li- tical publlcii^t^a pow<» ftJL stiiist"*Tu quotu che P ti.» id ii> of Brook- lyn CojLle^.v^Uarvy D^üia o.^s« : -Ther» are very ft axialyats of the
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European sitiiatica v.ho hüv<: as broad ai; vaider8tan.litig of the tcojioalc, poilticai and iOtoioßicax ßap«ctü Iü th..M' Ifitvrvo^en clätion.Per- sonally»! hav« for aany yüars enjoy^d thi- rc»^arkaul«: tditcri-ls ür.SchwÄi'aachiia wr^tt für tho eu^ Taüfcbucfe aü<i 1 fiiJ<i hls oral finalyals of thc same q^jaiiu '^Frnftz ro-Mt" We know un4( r whut Obligation we &re to hl&^^«n Ui« *.cri. l w«« «tlü btiii^ iuil d to sle^^'p ty pl««t»nt luliabi< s of ,rot,r.a8,b« r«i»fcü i;is ci ar &xA persistent voictj i;.i chaxltiu^^ii««» rf.KlD>ur,"
iao4iSchwörz8ohlxtl»s bcoü "lud ta liiusion »^ üblich, i la EngiÄüa an<i üthcr i ui-vipean cö\.uitri»«,üutitic& uU^vSt corrtcti^ the shai.« of thlng» to coae — not v>niy th«; war tat tvci. i.h< atvcrni. ca, itulations bt?fore and axirlng the war. icKh a St#ga»"In thes* ^ays cUar thooehts
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hav« th« vaiua of gola.l.ev<i,üi'i o
chii»i»s book is evide-.cti to
the fact thut at itast oue nan in 1 urop« Is thlüklnt cleariy ar»! ioaXs>rably.'" An-i Mr.H.R.hiilcin.rbock- rt -The ttst book that hr.s b^tii done on üitxur»^ sigaificäüCt fov th *.ui'4.a,Le»>oid SchwurÄSchiid is ont of Uh« cXaurfiSt poiitlCai thiiik rs «£.äfi in Lurupt «»^
ij4-:France coilapses.Tht; ".<t!ue Tagebuch" aa^ears for th- last tl»e oa isay 15. A ciaua« «f the ai« isUce cbilti.-a Fpmn:© to extradite j to Eiti-r tho:>€ of lila oiU s im. its htf wixl uak for»vhi.e lh< Gcsta. o stlzes fwr tht. t^cona tliac' hl.^ j^rupv rty ,li.is tiiae at Paris, ud ^
destroys for tht^ secona lxu.t^ his »a«aÄiue,Jch^arz:ichiid has to hllvm Iction of tht Statt. D^pmrW iit at irva:>hiiii;tun *.iiatlcs hU. to coäc ov r to th' State 3^
Föil 1^4*.: "♦vurid tii Trance*' i:» pubxx-^hi u^ i.Ä^ü^irica, h^lc •dUtlons iu liülaDa r^uU othci- c^uiitxitji ar^ i;i.a:ifc p i.pared# ,uotati tvom rcvle^s re attached
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feiopold Sohvfflrzsohlld
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Mr .Leopold Sch\vorzscaild,who could adventourously be soved out of France sorno month after the collnpse and has
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now errived in th. United Gtntes.is a European celebrity,
Of him nnd one of his books r.Ir.V/iokhara Gteod .former eäitor of tho London^TineG" and hlraself one of tho tiHUÜ most distlnguißhed authorß on political and historical
problemsjwriteß :
"In theße dark days clear thoußhts have the valuo of gold. Leopold Sch-;arzscliilds book is evidence of the facly,that at le^ist one man in Europa is thinking clearly nnd inoxorably and has the coura{^cto )ilj</()^ utter his t^ioughts publicly."
Mr.'tVl n stnn f \\\\\v^^\ , 11 ,1 ^nov/ Primeminister of Great ßritain declfires ,thnt Al^r.Schuarzsohilds publioations ore v/eighty,in fact invaluable contributlons to the onlightoninont of those v/ho care to be oniightened." >
Dr . ThornnsJJnnn judßes:%r. Leopold Schv/arzsoiiild is a vory brillant political publl^st,a good hat r,a pov;erful stylist"."^ - To quote an Aiaorican.the President of Brooklyn College. ^ Dr.TInrry D.aideonnn;
(_ ^.. ie.. annly&ts of the li^uropean situnti
who have ns broad an understanding of the ooonoiaio.politicol and ideologicnl aopects in their int.rvowon relation. Personally, I havo for mnny yerrs onjoycd the renarkablo eüitorials LIr. Schv;«rzsohild ^vrote for the "Heue Tagebuch" and I find hio oral ?>nalysiR of the sarae -uality." ")
Anothcr wellknov/n Amorican.who knov.s Europc Intimately eine- t-enty years,Mr.H.R.KnickerbnP.!r..-r>-
"The best book that has boon done on Hitler Geimany önd its significance for iüurope. Leopold Sohv/arzochild i
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S «iniärnibiaQiiiiäiQHmiaQjfa
of the olearest politionl thinkers in Europe/'
Mr.Sch\var7,schilfl was fainous in the old oontinont for
« comUining the qualities ctnd knowlod^es of an hii^torian and of
an eoononint;of coiabining the most scrupulous noientific
analysiß vdth the oapaoity to apply it acutely to current
events an develop it into sound prognostioö^This^together v/ith
a brillant style, establishod his fame.
Ilaving finishod hir studies und travellod throu^jh the continent,ho joined before the first v/orld war as a young man the staff of tho ''Frankfurter Zeitun^^."
After the v/ar he recontinues this work.ln the same tinie the Gemunn Ministry of //x' finnnce ongnges hira for special tesks.And In hiß loisurc hoiirs hc v.lrton Y^!^ o poltical 'Iraraa "Sunpf'.ürGdlctlm; the br.;nkdovm of tho revolutionary iTiovement of the periodjond ployod v/ith groat sucoess throuehout Czecho- slova]\'in,Auntria nnd Gemnny,
In the couroe of the years 19';0 to 25 adnirers creato
for hin thrce v/ee>:lies of difforent kind,to diroct th
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stmultr.nouecly entiroly ncoordinc to his ifloao. Tho volunos are to be found in every first-class Amoricar! librrry:]^ "Bps Ta/^e-nuch".a ßenerol political-litornry we«kly of high lovol; '♦Mag?7.in der ' irtsohaft".an organ for soiuntific eoono.nic rc3nearch;and r populär weekly oallnd '^LTonta^^ I.!orp:en" . Mr. Seh ?irz.schild devoton to these papers all hin work,v;ritins hirisolf inniirierous artioles and gathorinß around hin ,as contributorsjt'ie best ruthorc of every kind in Surope.Iu par- ticular hn fjtfi^^f^ fi{.;hts bitterly the ^ea^.akonint5 Ger.-ann nntio- nrlism un>-er all its r'ifforent politicfa,oconomical,culturnl
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3. and morol nspects.nt the same tline hopelessly convinced tba Hitlorism vraa nenrly boxind to gain pov/er,
\Mien it har happenec^.he har to flee fron Gcrnany^a prioe beins put on his headjlls proporty is seizod and sequentrated^Vvlien the nev; trick of d^clariiie; proiainont Hon-Naziß as »\ieprived of the Cermen oitiznnchip^' ,liis nnme ü ii/i^^lUi^i U/U/i^^ nppearc in the first deorce of this kind, conccrning a small numbcr of the mor-.t outstanding •
Ho ßoes to Paris. Dutch adinirors found for hin thoro and in Anrtordairi acr.in rn o^ti v/oekly, ^\Das neue Ta;^o-?>uch;;,in v/hich ho devotep himrelf to the taak he fulfills tili to the collapse of i'^rance: to crutinize the internatianal dovelopeinents and to anrliz.e on the base of unr^oninble docuraentation every corner
of the undv^rtakings nnd oX the conditions in tho diotator- countrios^/'.ß early ar 1953 he forer oos as a oortainty tne ooniing war.lle succeedG in oom|}licatGd calculations to ostabcish the true anount of tlie Geiinan armements-expenseSpgiving therev/ith to Mr.Winston Churc? ill the material for soae of his famous warning spoechos.There is in faot necrly no iiJiportant event
betv/cen 1933 nnd 1940,\vhich has not long before been annoimced by Sch\/nr2Schild,includGd such surprisin^: phcnimena as the Stalin-Hitler pF»ct,v/hich ho predioti' insistently since 1956 in spite of constnnt nnd furioiis oorarauniatic attaobs*
Ile sums up his wra'ningßjprognostioö and exJ)lanations in a bookjtrhich makos enormous noic'o in Kurope and the title of v/hioh,in the Knglish edition.isi^Snd to Illurion^^ ,It is in ro£^ard
to this bookipublished as early as 19;'34 and containing nearly
the v/hole subse^u^nt evonts till,that- most of tho Judgenent quotod rbove were written.
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1'hQ oocpupatlon of irnnoe on<i Holl^ind by tho flenaans in the minner 1940 sots onco noro an ond to l!r.r>ri'.v/ar7Ccliildo v/ork. Agein hc hne to floo,tho rrGctopo sonrcT.oG hla hono ond hio oTfioe In PcriSjOonfiscoteo r.ll hlo fllns,n;inuGcrlptß rnd property. ThoGeman Covernraont demnnd his ext-rndition in Viohy.A^oin, tri h the hol? of .'^laerloan frlonds,hc succoeds to esoöpo.
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Leopold Schwarzschlld
Mr. Leopold Schwarzschlld, v;ell knovm in Enrope as a writer, has arrived in the United States, Ile escaped fron France sorae months after her collapse. ^
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Of Schwarzschild and one of his bookr Wickhain Steed, former editor of the London Times > and a distinif^uiöhed interpreter of po- litical and historical problems,v/rites;^In these dark days clear thoughts have the value of gold. Leopold Schwarsehllids book is evidence of the fact thnt at least one man in Europe is thinkin/^ clearly and relentlessly and has the courepe to utter his thouf^hts publicly**»
Winston Churchill declares that **^r.Sch\/arz3child»s publica- tions are v/eif;hty,in fact invaluable contributions to the enlif^hten- nent of those v;ho care to be enlif^htened»^
Dr. Thomas Mann apnraises Schv/arzsohild as ^a very brillant politicpl publicist,a good hater,a pov/erful styliat."
To quote ah Anerican, Dr. Harry Gideonse/, the President of Brook- lyn College :*»There are very few analysts of the European Situation who have as broad an unde^rstanding of tho economic, politicpl and Ideolop'ical aspects in their intervoven relation.Fersonally,! have for many years enjoyed tho renarkable editorials Mr. Schvmrzschild wrote for the Neue Tap'ebuch and I find his oral analj^sis of the same quality.»*
Another well knovm American, a taan v;ho has knovm Europe inti- mately for more than tv/o decades,H.R.Knickebocker,says of the Schvmrzschild book that it is "the best book that has bcen done on Hlzler Germany and its sipnificance for Europe. Leopold Schwarz- schild is ono of the clerrest political thinkers in Europa."
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Mr.Schv/arzschild was renowned on the continent for hia ablli- ty to synthesize hiatory and economlcs.He corabined the raont exact scientific analysis with an ability to apply it atutely toward the developnent of aound predictions of current events.This facility, torether with e brilliant style, establishod his fame. «^fter finißhinp; his studies he travelled extensively on the conti- nent .Before World War L he joined the staff of the Frankfurter Zeitunf-, After the war he continued his w )rk as a journ.'aist and carried out special assicnnen/ts for the Gernan Ministry of Finance. Durinr this period he wrote a po2)itical drana , "Siorapf " . Thia play, predictinp the breakdown of the r'-volutionay noverient of the period, was 8 Rreat success throup.hout Czecho-slovakin,Austria,and Gerrriany.
Durinf! 1920-1923 friends of Mr. Schwarzschild placed him in Charge of three weekliös.All thrae papers were operated under his direction at this ti'.e,and he was p;iv. n coDplete frredon to Inter- pret as he sav; f it .Volurries containinp; these papers are found in every first class A'^erivan library.They are: Das Tare-Buch.an authoritative political-literary weaklvtMarazin der Wirtschaft. a weekly for scientific economic research,an a populär weokly called KontaP Morien. Dur inr this period Mr. Schwarzschild devoted all his writinr to these newspapers.and he enlisted as contributors other inportant writers.In these publications he fou^^ht the reawakenins of Gernan nationalism most deterrrinedly even thouf^h he wns convin- ced thr,t his cou"e was hopeless and that Hitler was bound to gain
power
Wh
hen Hitlör carae into power Schwarzschild»s property was con-
fiscated.A price was placed on his head,and he was forced to f lee .
X l
He sou/^ht refuce In Porio and eotRbllshed there and in Amster- dem hls WGokly.Dns Hmie Tqpre-Buch.He publiohed thia pepor until the foll of Frnnce.In it he Bcrutinizod Internntional dovelopnonts on the basiß of his oxtönr.ive knov;l#<ipG of conditlons in tho dlctator countrles.As early as 1933 ho foresav; tlio comIhc of WBr.Some of Wlnston Chrchlll's wlxmXkm speechos wnrnlne of the troublc ahoad v/ero based upon Ur^Öchvmrzschild's ostixiotoo of tho aiaount Gomany wns Qpendlng for amanentStAs a nmtter of fact^tliere vms öcercoly eny Inportant evont betv/een 1933 nnä 1940 v/hich üch\var2:schilcL had not prodlotod lorif- beforo^In spite of consiiitont and violent attacka upon hin by the Connunlsta,from 1936 until the evont to^»k place ho repoatedly wnrned of the conlnrr Stalin-Hitlor pact*
Hls book,"2nr! of Illusion" ^neotlv suno up hir> nany forecasts^vmrnlngs, and Interpret ions of tho events ho hftd experiencod^The book yme
a
rront ouccess in Europo#Tho apprnlcalo quoted above wero v/rltton
about thi3 book#
Mr^ 3chv;arzachlld^n v/ork v/as af^ain intarruptod v/hon the Ger- nans occupied France anr Holland in 1940. The Geri-nn /Tovernnont In Vichy demnnded his extrnditioniand tho Gestapo aoarched his hone and of ice in Paris. With tho assistance of Anerican fri9nds,he finnlly rrianan^^d to eacapo to tho TJSA.ITere ho v/roto •World in Trance**.
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Hellsicht in dunkler Zeit
Hinweis auf[Leopold Schwarzschild
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Zu Beginn de^ Jahres 1933 emigrierte Loo- i yxAd Schuarzschild aus Berlin über Wien i nach Frankreith. Wf^nj^e Monate später, im Juli des glpichtn Jahres, erschien in Paris j das erste Mofl der Wo<.hensihnft „Das neue Ta^ebudi". I)u\s«' verhältnismäßig kurze Zeitspann»» zwischen vorliiufißem Ende Journalist i.s<her TatiKkeil durch Kin- wirkung von Geuait und neutin Boginnen unter ganz anderen äußeren Bedingungen ! bezeugt Energie. Zähinkt-it und wohl auch ein w«^1g Fortune für dm Mann, der »eine ganze Habe bf»i df»r u»>^r>:(ir/ten Flurhl hatte zurücklassen inü.ssen T^ u-^rfn ihm noch volle subtn Jühre zubemessen, die Entwicklung auf allen Gf^bietfn in Deutsch- land zu konsequenter Krie^svorhereitung zu b€»obachten. zu Jinalysieren und davor zu warnen. Dann ^nflf Hiller auiti nach Frank- reich und d< r Vorgang vom jHhre 193.1 wiederholte sich für Schwrirz-vchild. Unter den gleichen Umständen mußte er auch Frankreich verlassen
Nun hat der Christian Wegner Verlag in Hamburg die wichtigsten Aufsätze, die Sch^MirzÄchild zu dieser bedrängenden Lnl- wiAIung geschrieben hat. ge.sammelt her- ausgebracht, Kurt Sonlheimer hat dazu ein Vorwort geschrieben, das nicht nur wert- volle Informationen zu der besonderen Situation ausbreitet, mehr noch mit Sym- pathie und febotenem Hespikt den Autor
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vorstellt, und Jen< Pl.iss hat in Anmerkun- mn die inzwi.sdien histon.'scti gewordenen Krej^ni.^se. welche den Anlaß zu den i>oli- lischen Analy^'H und Kc^mmentaren abge- gebt^n hai>en, nieder i ;fgerufen. gestrafft zwar, aber doch s<t. daß kein wichtiges Faktum ausgrlassin i>t Das zu.sammen- genommen sind gioüe Hilfen für den inter- essierten Le.ser und gen zudem Zeugni.s ab für die Sorgfalt loit der dieser Band der öffenUidikt it pra.^Miliert wird.
l^eopold Schwarv«i&i)d. der in dieaem ge- aichterten Rahmen noctmiaU ^u pubü- zjstisctier Prä.«»enz kommt, bekräftigt von neuem und seiir eindrucksvoll das Anseheri, das Ihn .seinerzeit umgeben hat Es wirkt auch noch aus der zeiUichen Entfernung mit Macht, es gibt ihm «-inen Rang, der bi.<; zur Dißnltat reicht, heute vielleicht mehr noch als damals F^enn es i?ft uns zu immer- fi^rt b<xlrangender F.rfahrung gewortien, was er zur Zeit .seines Wirken« mehr dedu- zierte als prophezeite Daß ein solcher Mann mit Brillanz zu fornailieren wußte, gehört zu einer Voraussetzung auf die in solchem Zusammenhang nicht besonders hingewie- sen zu werden braucht. Wichtiger ist, dt»n Standort klar zu erkennen, von dem aus er beobachtete und sich der andrängenden Er- eigni.s.se und Verhängnissp schreibend erwehrte. Dort war da« Humane zu hüten, da« Sittliche und SchkiiUche, der Mensch
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schlechthin und sein Anspruch auf Treue und Glauben. Die erstaunliche F.'ihigkeit, kaum erst sichtbare Veränderungen der Macht zu erkennen, der helle Verstand, die daraus resultierenden politischen Folgen festzuhalten und einzuordnen, werden autij da nirgendwo gelähmt oder getrübt, wo die Ereigniiise den leidenschaftlidien Beobach- ter zu einem Betroffenen umwandeln, die Le4deiiiichaft der polltiachen Anteilnahme in pure« menschliches leiden einzuainken droht. So weit die Hefte seiner Exilaciirilt In Jone nahe Vertangenhelt r^irtMt. dmfMn Horizont von den an^-mctiaenden JhnaUir- nii»!«jen umhüllt war, hat er nicht aufgehört, aufzuspüren und bloßzulegen, wie die Sub- stanzen seiner Gegenwart gelaVeii waren Da» ist ein Vorgang von echler Innerei Vibration.
Die Auffa.ssung von Benno Reifenberg. «• »ei der seriöse Joumali«t vom großen Schriftsteller nicht zu trennen, hat Leopold Schwarzschild durch das Beispiel seinem Person überzeugend dargetan. Der Schmerz und die Trauer, die nicht verstummen wol- len darüber, daß die Welt zeitwei.se einen anderen Lauf genommen hat. als Schwarz- sctiild ihn ihr geben wollte, die stehen auf einem anderen Blatt ^>o,, , Taucher
Leopold SchwarzsdMld: Die Lunte am Ful-^^.'l verfaß. Christian Wegner Verlag, Hamburg. 430 Seiten, M,— DM. .
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Who is Who
SchwarzschildjLeo-poldi
Editor, Writer;b,üec,«, 1891, Frankfurt aA:»t'er^Bny,3,Aruo Mt and Sarnh (Lewis) 3chv/arzschild;od, :U,of Frankfurt, Geri',any;ed.:Vo-
lerie Gorstl, April 11. ,1927.
First publica tions, Frankfurt er Zoitun(^,1919.3erved,Gernian
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Army, 1915-1^ .German Mlnistry of Finnnce,1919.0n Editorini staff, Frankfurter Zeitunp:,Gen©rRl-An7.el^er.Kditor and Publiahor,Da8 Tage- buch,Berlin, 1920-33. Foundf?r, Editor and Publishor.llaraziu der Wirt- 8chnft,Berlln, 1923-33. Foundor, Editor anci Pub 1 iaher ,:v!on tag Morien, Berlin,1923-32.Left G^^rmnny in 1933 (expetriatod by Hittier Govt.). Founder, Editor and Publish«r,Das Houe Tafebuoh, Paris nnd Aristerdam, 1933-^OtLeft France «fter collapse^anä iia itTrated to UtStA.||1940t
Hobby: r.usic«
Author: "SuDpf", Francfort, 1919; 2$ vola of Dns Tagetouch, 1920-33,
♦ • * ■
12 vols.of Mapazin der V,irt8.hpft,10 vols.of i'ontne Morgen, U volc.
of Dps Neue Tap;ebuch,Poris,1933-^0;'*Snd to Illusion", London and
J Alts terdam, 193/,; "World i^ Trance", New york,19/t.2;'*Connon Sense about
the Future",New York,19i,iH.
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Times Quotation:
. 2. Library quotation:
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F ranz Werfe 1 quotation:
4. .Professor R ay Lyrnan Wilbur, Chancellor, Stanford Uaiversitv:
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L ]ifi,vp n.:i\v hftd>.a rhance. ^ta, . Lacu.^4w-^^
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TrpnceJ by Leopold SchwarzcchLld.
orld In
vtr''tt is s very
effective preceatation of what hcs teet; eoln^; on In recent years. For oae who has lived throu^^h +he same T->eriod, readinp the bock 1? a good deal li.ie Stripping off the various leaves from an artichoKe, No matter froin v/hat side the leaves come off, you j^et riearer and nearer the heart of a derslor^ble world _ Situation which now has to be fou^^ht out to a flnish." 5. Herbert Bayard Swope quotation:
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Leopold Schwarzschild ist einer der raren Schrift- steller Furopas^die schon in den zwaiiZiijer Jahren die Drachensaat wachsen hoerten.VVaehrend noch die angenehiiisten V'iegeniicder des Fortschritts eine verb/^lendete VJelt einlullten, erhob er seine nuechterne und hartnaeckige vStimme zu einem unvergesslichen Me- mento.Die aeltesten Kaempfer gegen Nationalsozialis- raus^Fascisiiius uns materialistisch kollektiven Des- potismus aller Art wissen, was sie ihm i^ verdanlien — als Autor und als Herausgeber einer der wichtigsten Zeitschriften gegen die politischen Irrlehren der Fpoche.Zu einer Zeit, da die von V«eixJrieit und Inforaia- tion ueberf liessenden Regierungen dieses Globus uetaer solche Bilanzen ynitleidig laechelten^verkueudete er auf Heller unri pJfennig genau aie Suimnen und Groessen der deutschen Aufruestung.Der Kampf, den Leopold ;2?jZ^K Schwarzschild so lange Jahre mit einer Handvoll von Kameraden im aller fruehesten Comiüando-Raid gegen Hitler fuehrte,ist nun der Kampf der ganzen V.elt ge- worden.Fr hat es sich verdient, dass aiese elt sein Vvort hoert*
Los Angelos, November 194^
Fsanz V.erfel
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boi n if. 7raiJcfo*t l'-.l.
r«for*' r\^fLd w^-.r I : Ui Ivers • ty oi' Franc ToT-t ^Kistory , Vü.Litical
ov« r r (iropr- ,
After o ."-d var
I : A <1 a:;.i; "Tkuipf ",. ^'*>i»i*^'^'i with coriS-fltT^bie
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artiol^?.-- i'i "P'rax.kf .>'t,.r Zi!.1.t..Jig".f nt-rs .-.-..äff of "F -iuiI^fia'Lt^r Ü.UifrRx;ni7.t ig. r'' as cVilra' «-«-l. 'orl.iilst .Te-üi/orar- i> oi.rjaged by
fi:vn. ionii of the nt-pubilc.
liJiO.Iioves to Berlin tv- hecocje co— ^it^^r -?xfa co-.ubxisher of t,ht. neAxy.. stahlish»^! vv. r-Kly 'D,',3 Ta„e; .4ch",''rlz^-s :. eonsi-lcrable i.:rt of r.ho pc;.cr hliü3<--if,an.l eafhf-rs <s co 11,- > or-.-- t-.<.is ih»^ i.t ;5t pens of Fu!''0^i!,Si;ert«i;-' .JcVfx px'.<-i.t of ^l'.«^ '>(-f->xy,coi.uit rci.jiiy • s . e-.i aä with
ecjaouiic r»'-:;carcVi cid cviti^uf. ^^Ah^i\z\v. der r'i ti-xhcft^'*
i.^.;7 Aoqi'trets all the sh- rrs of ^')h.s Tz;i:et \icb^- and airici.s it
Chanceiior^Hls p>*-p rty sciz-d aiiv hls >.iL't>r'^ cioacd/ dowr.^The firsl df:C'H-e uf this Kini «-^.nurlv^'S hlü of tikz Ct?i...aii c. txi-oi.oiii^ ^ "haviiig Vioiated hts /lutl*^s a.^ai:St tho rieh ..Ki the .i/\tioa ''• j :.taoil3hes
a
t Falls ci\Kx Ali: tcr(la;fi a new weekly 'VDas ''J'jue Tar.e'uach^ ,, .hicii
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acqviircG intoriUi tioiu^i fa «e b> rfilnutei:. r^criAbinizin- the Intrrnatioiial p ^^ para M..^n3 aü I oon It^ons In t.h eilet. tt:^r-'.,ountr' es.r^ üif^'ins of
tJti.
r^V'instori Chaichlii »^.th Ihe ...alciiai foi" hiu ...ost r:i.,;üas warnii e?
tions tD t>\e i"nli.;jht.eni.]Ci;t of ihüsc who care tu be enxifjbteried'' • Thouas ila un (ia tiu. 13' «. lori:* Tiu.es) lcl^m:} hiu ^^ a vcry brixla:it poxitical v),.biici';t,:x oo^üifal i>t>^ ii-t*^ •To quote *:he President of Hro »rlyn Cclli^?re^^c^. :'rv D^iii''^ f^/iS«- : ^'Th<.:re a;.'e ver^ ff^w a:ial\st3 of the iur Ji^ean :iitaat4.on ^*vuo h ^'V. .s - rocC' ar unncrstarKi^üj:: of ihu econoiuic, v.t>iitical a'x.i iai^rolot^lcd* r-Si-tots in Lbc.ir -:riti rwovcii rciciti.):.#rex'- soi'Qxiy I nave f../ i^hLAy >ti^i*ü «-ujüvtid Uu^ icmar. a^ie editori is
♦ '^>cjh. arzsch lii v^rott f./.* th? 'Mtun Tai:i;Luch^" Fraru V> fei: ^'We
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nov; the {;rrttlLiJcie \e cv.< hici»' hilf the vorld st^iil was e. cliai.tcd
by ihosi dear ^uiialiie.s of pru^ross^hi rust- his ^^ober and stubboru
iu'4, A book ''Vjkk ti> IjL-.-u*;>ioi:'-,, ub.^i-.}u;a i:: T rie: l--^- nd .''iid Hc.lc.nd, outiim^o corrtrctiy the .^hapt^ of ':biri^;i to cowc^imirdiia; the v^rr^cUi-i thc; aevtial cAbjL tuJLötXoiU"> üifure tht: Wfci* c.nd auriii^* the \-ar^,.Tu V lcn>i v^tta ö ^f v.>rir3er bdit^^r uf lLv Loudoi. Tiiü<:s:''In these days ciear thou. hts hav#.: tiio ^^äi.ac ^..i" Luia.ijeo:. .ii; &chvr;rz.sc)iiia * s ' uok Is evi':{«}i«.ee to t.hc fact M.fcit au ^euiot v^ne .lan in uroi f? ir> thiiiiwizvt; c-n.i riy aiid ineAOi'ati^ '*. A**d 2>>i.^^^I>.:ici:.^-rboCiAt-x*: *''i'he best fcco;:v that h aS ht^^su a%>nt on Kitxtir::i ai. idf icancu i^or }.urope*i*eo jid Schwarz- schiia is oat;. Ox' the ciea:^ :;t i^w^itlcoil thi::;:.rrs ir* }ui->ie''#
iJ^xOmTvanci-^ ö C'.>ilc.>vbe*l'ne ^iii^^e Tai^ebuch*^ a^.^-^ea.s for thc l...st tiDo on iSay i5* Thi- arLiistice Cv^. t .-.a^is a cxause sti} lilatitif: "Vruce's
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Obligation to extra:iile to hir.i- r tho?^ of hls ..ne.dcs vhich he Ulli nr^iv ror.Schvsarzsc -Lx-'- 'n s lu hü' -hii'-. tr.e Gesta.o seli:cs for the sccor.i tue r.is irw:- rty,this ti-e i. Paris, :xr.J destrcj s for
iü Lt-i.ife rj2 i> d to coii-'o OV' i to the
th., sr-c ..lid tiüc hir. i-a^cr
1:>1:-:'. '•'. orlci ii) Trane cFvcu Versailles to Pearj. 'larbor ö.iiearr;. 1'he rev rork Ti-3en,Roci. «eeticn/^ovciHer i,ic.4. .caiis il"asens.atioial bcv:.k% a ";T>'..ritini: cf hi^u^o : "ocrrarzitchild h s i:-et a nev. course fcr thc h.svc- i r.s u^ t.jis ,jtriod".
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Leopolh Schwarzschild Short biography
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1891 born in Francfurt o/Vl
untll 19H' Study (Eoonomios). First publications in •»Frankfurter Zeitung»» 1915-18 World War I (in German army) 1920 »»Sumpf»», a drama, produced in Vienna, Leipzig, Prague etc.
1921 Co-Editor of »»Das Tage-Buch»», a general political and Ute rary weekiy in Berlin* At the same time for.two Jbars, co-
lumnist of »»Berliner Boersen-Courier»» (Berlin Stock Exchange
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Gazette")
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1922 Part-Owner of "Das Neue Taf^e-Buch", Berlin
1923 Co-Founder and Owner of a aecond weekly in Berlin, "Der Mon-
A—
tag Morgen»», a weekly of the character of a daily.
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1924 Founder of his third weekly "Magazin der Wirtschaft", a
scientific mapazine on eoonomics.
1933 LeftGerinanyafter Hitler took over* Re-establiahed in Paria,
France, »»Das Neue Tape-Buch»», In all these yeara there was "nafeT^ohly no connectlon whatsoever between Mr# Schwarzschild br his papers arid the Communis t party or ideology,^he was," oh the contrary, in prnctically every important matter'ön'
— — "the opposite side of the fence* " ' ' *"
19^0 -»»Das Neue Tap^e-Buch continued it»s pnblication in Paris
— throughout the war and the Stalin-Hitler-Pact (while-erer^r
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- Communis t or fellow-travellerish paper in France was- sup-- pressedl) until the German Anpy was approaohing Paris i-After the French collapse, Schv/arzschild escaped to the USA* 1941 Wrote a book for Oxford Univers Ity Press, New Tqrk, on»»the Twins Nazism and ffommunism»», which waa stopped in the pro-
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0988 of printixiR because Hitler had attacked the Soviets, and opiniona that were inimical to the latter were no lon^er' donsT
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— <^ 19A2 — Wrot© and-published in fh© USA "World in Trance", ahistryofth©
— between-the wars- period» It was translated in 12 languages^ and -
— ._lt's ^lost •ffectlve propap^&ndist was Mr. Churchill whoeent co- -
-pies of- it to the members of his own cabinet, and the Domion
Oabinets
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19A4_Publlahed -"Primer of the Cominf; War" (Knopf, New-Tork)-whicli-again
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yas translated in all Weetern languages« The last chaptera_are^
all Pf ^^6^» polöinica af^ainst Communlsm and Sooialism« -
1947 Pul)li8had_"The Red PruasiÄn".(Scribner'8, New York), the.
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thorouRh. and thoroughly "debunkine: biography of Kerl Marx which
aroused a real fury in the Communis t and fellow traveller presa* The UfSt War--^epartment aquired the rights for publica tion in
Germany, and editions in all Western langunges are forthooming^
19^3-^9 Wrote many articlea for American nev;gpapers and J|af;azineS| among
them ^The New York Times Magazine"; the organ of the US Chamber
of Commerce^ "The Nation Business" etc»
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CttrrUulum vitae of Leopold 3oh\mrz8ohlld born at Frankfort on the Main*
Tirat publloatlons in varloua Gerraan newspapera and maga« slnea« Service in the Oerman World War I-army.
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I began to wrlte a weekly column on politioal and economlo ■ubjeota for the "Frankfurter Zeitung** and another newspaper in Berlin, The treasury of the Geraian Republic entrusted me with the Organization in two provinoea of it'a firat loan« I wrote a drama, "3\impf**whioh waa suooesafully pro» duced in many cities of Oermany, Auatria, CzeohoalOTakia«
1921»1933 A newly publiahed weekly in Berlin, "Daa Tage^Bucft'*^ offered
me the poaition aa oo-editor and oo-publisheri In 1927 Wf partner retired, and from then ori until Hitler came topover in 1933 I edlted "Daa Neue l'age-Buch" alone, and wrote every week a conaiderable part of it myself • Its influenoe and oirculation grew ateadlly, and it played a leading part In the battels of that period. It was, for inatance, the first Oerman publica tion that undoratood the natura of the Mark* debacle of the early 20» sr. The naßazine was equally alone in ita deaperate campaign aßainst the auper-deflation polioy of 1930-32 whioh, indeed, broke the neck of the republic,
m
, And from the early 20 »a to the end the ♦♦Tage-Buch** atood
at the forefront of the fight against the gradual reoradascenoe
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of Oerman nationallsm and milltarlsm, and the advance of Nazlsm.
Döring these same years I founded and was edltor of two more weeklies in Berlin, They were meant to aerve the same oauses by different means. One, "Montag Morgen", was Inten- nttionally kept "low brow" and populär, The absolute antitheses of this one was the almost esoteric "Magazin der Wirtschaft" — in some resepcts a Oerman counterpart of the London "Economist", but golnf a good deal farther in elucidating the theoritical, scientific backgrouhde and ramlf icationa of every subject.
1933-19^.0 After Hitler* s advent, I raade a narrow esoape from Germany,
My nnme figured on the list of the firat 33 "enemies of the Reich and people" who were deprived of their citizenship« I wrote "End to Illusion", published in 1934 in German and English, — a book which dealtwith a subject extremoly un- populär at thftt time: the beginnings of the German rearmement, and the inevltability of war, should this sort if thlng be allowed to oontinue«
In Paris I revived the Tage-Bucö under the name "Das Neue Tage-Buch", and edited it from the middle of 1933 to May 19^0, when Hitler invaded France. As far as I know, this was the only "refugee"- publication that was chiefly read
f
by non-refugees all over the world, and was reoognized and used by many authorities and newspapers of many country as an authoritatlve source« In addition to aurveylng the Otr- man soenai it dlsousaed the developments on and behind the international stage, and in almost every case irs* analyses were borne out by subsequent events* I was, in particular.
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one of tho rare Anti-Nazis who did not fall vlctim to the po-
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pular front'^-litany of Soviet Russia« For lonß years before the Stalin-Hitler-Paot I refueed to reoognize the existence of any antdgonism of principle between Mosoow and BerliA| and did not put any trust in the Kremlin words and asauranceSi and oojsslstently warned to expect more exasperating surplrlses from tiils quarter than from any other.
19A0-19A.9 After the collapae of France I came to thls country. There I
nearly Inmediately after my arrival I started to write for the Oxford Unlversity Press a book about the kinship between Nazism and Sovietism, The day It was to go to press In June 1941 Hitler chose to Jump at Stalin* s throat, and the book was never prlnted«
I then began work at a history of the between-the two-wars- era« "World In Trance", subtitled: "From Versrailles to Pearl Harbor", was publlshed in 1942, and has since been translated into eleven languages« It caused some stir when Wlnston Chur- ohill| prior to an Empire Conferenoe in London, sent copies of the book to each one of the partiolpatdng Öritish and Domi- nion rainistersi and requested them to read it befor^ the ope* ning of the Conference«
In 19^4 a new volume I had writeen was published in this country, and subsequently translated into ten other langnages} "Prlmer of the Coming world"(Knopf ) . It was an inquiry Into the prinolples and prospects of the world-settlement to oome* In oontrad ist inet Ion to the chillastio fantasieo wlth which the public was bombarded at that time, it was an attempt at
» •
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a oool rational ^ppraisali and consequently Its oonoluaionsi suggestlons and antloipations were rather pesslmlatlo in charaoter# Historyi unfortunately, has chosen to oorrobojbate thls l>ook rather then the oommunis opinlOt
In 1947 my biography of Marx, entitled ^The Red Pmaalan*^ (Sorlbner)i was published. This biographyg not haglography, was the product of a llfe-time of atudies, and of many years of work« The plcture it unfolded was completely at varlance with the conventional one, but although a number of aealously Marxist reviewers attacked it^ none of thera ever dared to con- test the ecouraoy of even one of the hundreds of unknown facta it revealedt They oouldn' t because every Single one of these faota was dooumentes by quo tat Ions from the most authentio sources ~ for the most part from Marx* and ICngels* own non* public writingflt Up to now translations have been publlahed or are being prepared in seven other V/estern languagea*
In continuation of thls volume which ends with Marx* death^ I am working at »'The Re^l Prusslans ^eritage" — • the erratlc hlstory of Marxism from 1883 onward^
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Who i? Who
Schvfl r7 schl Id , Leopold :
Editor, Vriter; b. T)ec. B, 1891, Fr^m^-ftirt q /M, Opr^nny, p. Arno M, Rnd F^r^h (Levis) Schvpr'^pchilr? ; pö.: U. of F^r'^n^furt, Gpr^-ny; f^d . : Va- lerie Gerstl, Anril 11., 1927.
First puhliC'^^tions, Fr^\nkfurter Zeitung, 3919. Eerved, G«rm?^n Army, 191*^-18. G<=»r^'^r Minis+rvr o^ Fin-nce, ]oi9. On Fditoripl stoff, Frankfurter ^eltun^^, Genern 1-. Anzeiger. Editor pnd Pi^MisHer, D^s Irge^ buch, Berlin, 19PO-?3. Founder, Fditor rnc Publisher, Hrg;p7iri der Virt- soh'^^t, Pprlin, 19?7-?2. Le^t Ger"^?=>ny in 19?'^ (exp«trl-ted by Hitler Govt.). Founder, Fditor '-nd Publisner, Drts Neue T?^.p:ebucb, Paris '^-.nd Airsterdarr, 1933-AO. Left Fr^.rce nfter collapse, -^nd imini£:rated to V.S.A., 19/40.
Hobby: Muslc
Author: "Sunpf", Frnncfort, 1919; ?5 vols of D-'S T-^-r^buch, 1020- -57, 1? vols. of Mag^7ln der <^irtsch^ft, 10 vcls, of Montpg- Morgen, IZ vols. of D-^s Neue Tagebuch, P^ris, 19??~40; '*^'nd +0 Illusion", London pnd AT^sterd?=in, 1934; "Vorlr in Trance", Nev York, 19/i2; "Comiron S^nse «bout the Future»», Nev York, 19 AA«
Leopold Schvpr7schilä
Mr. Leopold v^chw^rrschlld, well kn^wn in Euror>e ^f ^ vrlter, hflP '^rrived in thr United vStwtes. He esc^ped from France snme inonths ?^ftpr her collapse,
Of vSchvnr -7 Schild pnd cne of his books Vickh^m Fteed, fomer edltor of the London Times ^ and ?» dlstingiil shed internr^ter of po- litic^^l ^nd historlc^^l problems, writes: w;j;j.i these dork d«^.ys olenr thourhte? h'^vp the vnlue of p-old . Leonold Fchwfir^sohild • s book is evidence o^ th'=^ f^ct th-^t at lo^st rvne man in Eurone ip thinking cleprly ?nd relentlessly j^nd hr^s the courpge to utter bis thouphts publicly,"
Win'^'ton Churchill d^cl^rpp th^t »'Mr. Schv?^r7SC^'i Id 's nublica- tions ^.re wei^hty, in ff^ct invaluable contributions to the er•il^^^hten- ment of those viio cp.re to be enlightened .''
Dr. ThomoF Nfpnn «nprniFep SchwFr??chi Id p5 ^p very brilliert oolitic«l publicist, 9 srood hnter, a pov/erful stvlist.''
To nuote «n Americen, Dr. Harry Gideonsen, the President of brook« lyn College: ^There are verj'- few nn^lysts of the Furope^n 9ltiifition vho hnvp ^s broad an unoerst^ndin^ of th^ economic, ^oliticr^l ^nd ideoloric^l ':spects in their intervoven r^l-^tion. Personally, I have for many yenrs enjoyed the r^m^rkable edltor^^^l? Mr. Schvarzrc^^^ld vrote for the Neue Tp p-ebiich and I "^i nd his or-^l «^n^ilysis of the same ouality."
Anoth^r well known American, ^ rnan who has knovm Eurooe inti- mately for more th-^n two decades, H. P. Knicke>^ocker, S'^ys of the SchwarzschiDd book th^t it is '»the best book that h'^s been done on Hitler Gerarnv .qnd its sirnific^^^nce for Eurone. Leooold Schv^^r?- Schild is one o^ tb^ cle»^rest nolific^l thinkers in Europe."
^Hi^
\
Mr. Schvpr? Schild wnj? renowned on tbf^ contlnppt Tor hi? «bill- ty to svnthesi7e hlstory nnd economics« He comMned the most exflct scientific analysiB with ^n abi]ity to ^pply it aöbutely tow«^rd the developTiient of F^oiind nredictiors of current evpnts. Thi« ^•='ci]ity, to^^ther vith p brillipnt style, «^stabUshed hip fnme. After finishing Viis studies he travelled extensively on the conti- nent. Before ^orln Mpt I he joined thp st^ff of the Frankfurter 7eitung, After the vnr hp continu^d hi? work '-»s f^ j<^urn«11pt *^nd Cflrricd out special assipriTnents for the Ger^ian Minir-tr}-^ of Fiü^'.nce. During this period he wrote ^ politic^Q dr^m^, "Sump^^'. Thls play, pr^dicting the bref^kdown of the revolut i onr^ r^»- moveTn'=^nt of the n^riod, vps B gre^it Fuccess throu^fhout C7.echo-slov?^Via, Austria , and Genn^^ny,
Durin^^ 19?0-19?? friends of Mr. Schw-^r-^cMln pl^ced hinn in ch^rcrp nC three veeklies. AI] three o^^p^rs vere oper^ted unrer his directinn pt this time, rn(] he wps i;ivpn complete freedom to Inter- pret 'HS he s?v t*it. V^lur>*^s con'^rininF the^e opners "re found in everv Hr^st cIpss Americ^r) librpr\'^, Th^v «^e: D"s Tnf^e-Piich, nn 9uthorit«tive TX)liticpl-literpry weekly; Mp<pP7in der Wirtp^hoft, s veekly for scientific pconomic resp?=rch, and a popul'-r veekly c?»]lpd Montp.p; Mor-^'-en. Du'»"incy this nori^d Mr. Schv?ir7.schild devot^d «=11 bis writinj to thpse npvsn*^pers, and he enlisted an contributors other ip>port^nt vriters. In tb^se nnblic^tions hp fought thp reawakeninf^ of Gemr^n n^ '♦'ionnli stt most dete'n^lnpdlv, pven thnn-rh he v^s convin- ced thpt his c^use was honeless ^rif'i that Hitler w«s bounr to f?<^in
power.
Vhen Hitler cr^me into ^ower Schv.^r^^chlld 's nror^ertv w^s con-
fiscated. A nrice w^s nl«='ced on his head, nnd he w^s forced to flee.
He sought refupe in PRris pnd est^blishpd th^re ^nd in AmFter- d?n bis veekly, P^s Nene T^ge~Buch> He nublished this pppev untll the fi^ll of Fr'^nof». In it he scrutini-^ed inf ern''tlonc.i develonments on the bfjpis of his extensive Vnowled^e of conditions in the dict«tor countries, As e«rly «s 19.'^'^ he foresaw the Coming of w«r. £ome of Vinst<^n Churchill 's <=^peeches warnln£ -^f the trouble «he^d were besed UDon Mr. Schvarzschild's estimates of the ^mount Crermfi-ny v^s soendinfr for Rrmaments, As p matter of fpct, there was scarcely any imnortant event b<^tween 193? and 19/^0 which Schwar^schild had not predicted long before. In «nite of consistent and violent ?^ttFCks imon him by the Communipfs, from 1936 until the event took plr=.ce he reneatedly warned of the Coming St^lin-Ki tler pact.
Bis book, "End o^ Illupaon*', ne^tly Firns UD*his m'-ny "^nr^crsts, wrn^nrs, and interpretations cf the events h^ h^d exnerienced. The book was s great success in Eurone. The appr^isals quoted ahove vere written about this book.
Mr. Schw^rzschild's work wr>s ^'gain interrupted w^en the Ger- nans occupi^d France ^-nd Holland in 1^/0. The GeiTi:^n f^overnFent in Vichy dp^-^nded hi? ^xtr'^dition, ^r\.d the G^st«T:>o peprched his hr^mp pnd Office in Paris. With the assistance of Anipricnn friends, he
finally mrina^ed to escape to the USA. Here he wrote "Vorlc in Tr-^'nce'*
/
f.
/
2924 University Boulevard, Dallas, Texas. July 28, 1941.
\
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN :-
I aa delighted to have this opportunity to testify in behalf of ly old friend, Leopold Schwar«schild and his wife Mrs, Valerie Schwar»schild. 1 f irst became acquainted with Schwarzschild in 1928 in Berlin where I had succeeded Dorothy ThoMpson as correspondent of the Philadelphia Public Ledger and the New York Evening Post. Schwarzschild was editor in chief of •'Das Neue Tagebuch",« liberal political and literary review, somewhat of the type of tn« "New Republic".but, in my opinion, far more intelligent. It was indeed the best political weekly Ol its kind in any language, and I am acquainted with most of them. At a time when it was fashionable to be extremely "leftistl" Schwarzschild' s "Tagebuch" was equally anti-communist and anti-fascist. It stood for the German equivalent of American democracy, This and its wide influence made it tne special object of the Nazis ' antipathy and shortly before Hitler came to power Schwarzschild hau the loresight to move v.ith his paper from Berlin to Munich where he thought for a moment tixsix Hitler' s rise might proToke Bayaria to set up an independent regime. With a prescience which was to became a European legend, Schwarzschild discpvered his error just in time to leave before Hitler took over the whole Reich. In Vienna Schwarzschild set up shop again and contmued to publish his weekly under the title "Das Neue Tagebuch. " Hitler h9nored him with inclusion among the first group of Germans Lo be deprived of their citizenship in absentia. Again sensing Hitler' s moves far in advance, Schwarzschild ieft Vienna before the Anschluss and reestablished his magazine in Paris where we >..ere together agam. I %as then chief European correspondent oi the International News Service with headquarters in Paris, "i^as Neue Tagebuch*' acquired the widest circulation ot any German refugee publication and for years was eagerly read bv the Fpreign OtLices of Europe. In exile it continued to be the shrewdest political commentary in any language. If Schvvarzschild woula only publish here an American "Neueste Tagebucii" it would be a national asset. Fmally, and we shouid hope for the last time, Schwarzschild flea as France feil. If you ever hear of his .reparing to leave the United States, knov; that it is^time to pack the mattress on top of the car and.head for tne Rocky Mountains, 1 consider th.t the acquisition as American Citizens ol Schv arzschiia and his charmjng wife Valerie, v.hom we also have known an aamired for roany years, would be a piece of good fortune for this country. he is alreaay estdbiished here as a literary man, having two books contracted for or ready for publication. Hie talents and industry are such tnat he will rapiüly attain in this country the eminence he has enjoyea for so many years abroad. His %ife, to whom he has been married for iourteen years, who sliares in his work! is AViennese of good f-mtly, her father hav;ng been c^nsul of Brazil lo Auslria. The apoiication of the S9hv;arzschilds for American citizenshi-^ aives us one ol the few possibilities to prolit from the depredations of Hit-er,
\
and
erDoejcer.
State of Texas \
County of Dallas )
SubsQjribed and sworn to before ^ijie, a, N9tary Public, this the
day of (LJL . 19±L by Äf if.
JPJ^^
■-ÄJ.
-^tJl^
MKS. MAE S. FEE. Notary Public in «nd for Dallas County, 'fexaa.
•■^
/
i
2924 üniversity Boulevard, Dallas, Texas, July 28, 1941.
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:-
I an delighted to have this opportunity to testify in behalf of my old friend, Leopold Schwaraschild and his wife Mrs, Valerie Schwar»schild. I f irst became acquainted with Schwarzschild in 19ii8 in Berlin where I had succeeded Dorothy Thoapson as correspondent of the Philadelphia Public Ledger and the New York Evening Post. Schwarzschild was editor in chief of ''Das Neue Tagebuch", a liberal political and literary review, somewhat of the type of tne "New Republic* but, in mv opinion, far more intelligent. It was indeed the best political weekly 01 its kind in any language, and I am acquainted with nost of thea. At a time when it v^as fashionaole to be extremely "leftistM* Schvarzschild's "Tagebuch" was equally anti-communist and anti-fascist. It stood for the German equivalent of Aaerican ueBocracy. This and its wide influence made it tne soecial object of the Nazis' antipathy and ßhortly before Hitler canie tb po%er Schwarzschild had the foresiglit to move vdth his paper fron» Berlin to Munich vhere he thought for a moment tixMrt Hitler' s rise might provoke Bavaria to set up an indepenaent regime. With a prescience which was to becine a European legend, Schwarzschiid discovered his error just in time to letive before Hitler took over the vvhole Reich. In Vienna Schwarzschild set up shop again and contmued to publish his weekly under the title "Das Neue Tagebuch. " Hitler honored him with inclusion among tne first group of Germüns to be deprived ot their citizenship in absentia. Again sensing Hitler' s moves far in advance, Schwarzschild left Vienna before the Anschluss and reestablished his ma^azjne in Paris wnere we -ere together agam. I >as then chiei £.\iropean corresjondent of the International News Service vath headcuarters in Paris, "i^as Neue Tagebuch^ acquired the widest circulation ot any German refugee publication and for years was eagerly read bv the F9reign 01:ices Ol Europe. In exiie it continued to be the shrewdest oolitical conanentary in any lan^age. If Schwarzschiid vvoulci only publish here an American "Neueste Tagebuch" it v-ould be a national assel. Fmailv, and we shouid hope for the last time, Schwarzschild fleu as France feil. If you ever hear of his reparing to leave the United States, knov. tnat it is time to pack the mattress on top of the car and he ad for ti.e Rocky Mountains. I consider th.t the acquisition as American Citizens ol üchv arzschixa and his charming wife Valerie. v,hon. we also have known an aomiredfor many years. wo.ld be a piece of good fortune.for tnis c^untry. He is alreaay established here as a literary man, litving Uo books contracted for or ready for publication. His talents and mdustrv are such tnat he will raoidly attain in this country the eminence he has enjojea for so many years abroad. His «ife, to whom he aas been oarried Ipr ijurteen years, and who shares in his 'Äork. iü s^iennese o
been consul of Brazil to Austria. The ^^ — -v •,..-. .^ ^««4n +
fo? American citizenshiu äves us one of^tiie few possibilities to prolit
from the depredations of Hitler.
]T."R.Knrc
i^i
.^rr
iciCtrDo..icier.
i«.
State of Texas ) County of Dallas )
Subscribed and sworn to be
day of \aA/ , 19£L ^y ^
Nptary Public, this the
j^^:^
/r^jL, yr ^
MKS. MAE S. FEE, Noten' V^iWlc
) ^ /9f^'
\
E924 üniversity Boulevard, Dallas, Texaa. July 28, 1941.
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: -
I am delighted to have this opportunity to testify in behalf of my old f riend, Leopold S«hwarischild and his wif e Iura, Valerie Sehwarsschild. 1 first beeame acquainted with Schwarzschild in 1928 in Berlin where I had succeeded Dorothy Thompson as correspondent of the . Philadelphia Public Ledger and the New York Evening Post. Sehwarsschild was editor in chief of 'Das Neue Tagebuch* a liberal political and literary review, somewhat of the type of tne "New Republic" but, in my opinion, far more intelligent. It was indeed the best political weekly Ol its kind in any language, and I am acquainted with most of them. At a time when it was fashionaole to be extremely "leftistl" Sehwarsschild * s "Tagebuch"" was equally anti-communist and anti-fascist, It stood for the German equivalent of American democracy. This and its wide influence made it the special object of the Naxis* antipathy and shortly before Hitler came to power Schwarzschild had the foresight to move with his paper from Berlin to Munich where he thought for a moment tKonJc Hitler 's rise might provoke Bavaria to set up an independent regime, With a prescience which was to become a European legend, Schwarzschild discovered his error just in time to leave before Hitler took over the whole Reich. In Vienna Schwarzschild set up shop again and continued to publish his weekly under the title "Das Neue Tagebuch." Hitler honored him with inclusion among the first group of Germans to be deprived of their citizenship in absentia. Again sensing Hitler 's moves far in advance, Schwarzschild left Vienna before the Anschluss and reestablished his magazine in Paris where we were together again, I was then chief European correspondent of the International News Service with headquarters in Paris. "Das Neue Tagebuch" acquired the widest circulation of any German refugee publication and for years was eagerly read by the F9reign Offices of Europe. In erile it continued to be the shrewdeat political commentary in any language. If Sehwarsschild would only publish here an American ■Neueste Tagebuch" it would be a national asset. Finally, and we should hope for the last time, Schwarzschild fled as France fell,^ If you ever hear of his preparing to leave the United States, know that it is time to pack the mattress on top of the car and head for the Rocky Mountains. 1 consider that the acquisition as American Citizens of Scmarzschild and his charmtng wife Valerie, whom we also have known and adm/red.for many years, would be a piece of good fortune for this country. He is already established here as a literary man, having twp books contracted for or ready for publication. His talents and industry are such that he will rapidly attain in this country the eminence he has enjoyed for so many vears abroad. His wife, to whom he has been married for fourteen years, who shares in his work, is alViennese of good fam\ly, her father having been eonsul of Brazil to Austria. The application of the Schwarzschilds for American citizenship gives us one orthe few possibilities to protit from the depredations oi Hitler,
and
_ />u c . H. K, üLnicüerDocKer.
State of Texas ) County of Dallas )
Subsqri>ed and sworn to before me, day of
and sworn to before me, a No.tarv Public, this the
AS'd
v£-^
(Lo^
-^-v>-;^-<^aX-<- -^LiA^-^r^^ / y^ siCj»
MKS. MAE S. FKE, Notary PiibUc ,^,\ ^).- l3aVir. I. ü'.miy, Texas
/T^ y^j^^ /«^
leopi\k S.iU..r/2C L'U Gl/«cfb
y>
9"y l 'JJ
-V
Oötobor 19.,1Q40
Dlroctor of Ce tral Post Office
Lläbon
PortuGöl
Sir:
I am Informocl today^thnt n letter hc^s boen smt to mo froia J'arselllos, ndrersed to
L'eopold Sch\7nrzr>chilcl Posto reßtanto. Llsbon
Tlie lettwr Vi?aa rjüiled in Morroillo on Au,'^:*18,I3ut it had not yet nrrivod wlien I loi*t ftöinnnri Lirbori on the "Nen Ilollnc" nept.3,
As tho contonts nro oV sono iia- portnnco to mopl v/ottd bc vory obliged^ denr "ir^lf tho letter could bo found nnd if yo\i kindl^»' v;oul(l orce-* it to bo for'tvnrdef' to me to the adroos indiooted on the top or t::is letter, o,G*!!otol Colonirl, Sl ' er.t ''Ist •rJtreot,Ncv/-York,
I would prefor cxpodition by Clipper, anrl you v/lll,of courGc^roinbourse yournoir for your outlc^yc*
Thonkinß you in a^vance ,1
cincorclv Yours
ari^Sir,
Leopold SohwarzGChild
PHONE TRAFALQAR 7 - 2000
f ■
• 9 7 1940
NEW YORK..
.19.
^.o^s^A.
To Ijjotcl Ölnluutal, Dr.
51 WEST 81ST STREET
BILLS PAYABLE WHEN RENDERED
(
r:.ji L!
I
t
ALL RENTS PAYABLE IN ADVANCE
NO RE9PONSIBILITY A08UMED TOR SACOAGE AND EFFECTS STORED IN CUR BACGAGE ROOM
'»«I »■
"««H
i
HOTEL COLONIAL
with
Leopold Schwarzschild.
Lease of Apartment
No.
306
From. Oc.tpber.l.st,
To.._ lfo.r.ch..31.s.t.,1941-
Rentfor Term ^ q^q^
iwhVpCT 7itmtirn;'tp
Monthly Payment, 5 9Q.,.0.0.
Exira Charge Jor Maid or other Special Service, $. Npne
Charge for Electric Light, S.lQXlS.
Charge for Einen, $ None
It is also agreed that guest may sublease apt. # 306 for any \m-expired term of said lease to 2 persons at the same rate of $90.00 per
\
•» .»
*NOTB: Strike out matter in bnickel« not Applicable to the lease as propoaed.
Standard Porm of Lease Adopted by
New York SUte Hotel Association and Hotel Association of New York Citjr
Prepared by Campbell & Boland, Attomeys, New York City
^f)iÖ jasreementmade ttu.... 20 th _......d,y „, September
between.. GS.teSMa<i..AealtX..COr:Poperating the hotel premises known as. ?Otel...ColOnlal
situated in the City oL........M..:X.f...,^ — , County of i!!..?-¥.,! , State of .^..t.^L • , party of the first
part. hereinafter called the "Hotel," and.i:!.?.5P.9±.^..^.§.?J?Z§J..?^.?..^^^^ of the second part, hereinafter called the "Guest,"
Wtin6£f)B^Ctf|I that the Hotel hereby leases to the Guest, and the Guest hereby hires from th« Hotel the suite of rooms
(furnished ) 306 3rd -i a,
* rjjjjjjjjj^ f numbered , ♦. ^.on the floor of said premises, for the term commencing on the .T:.r..3?-
day of ^ — 19....ThV and ending at nine o'clock in the forenoon of the 3.1j5.fe day of
«.19...3.., at the * J ross f ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^™ °^ ^ 5i4Q.A.Q.O. ^ , payable in equal monthly
instalments, in advance, of $ l7.y..*.ii.ii. , on the first day of each and every month during the said term; the said
premises to be used only as a private dwelling for the Guest and ♦ jTT [ family, consisting of .t..?.!? persons.
Wf)t <2^ue£(t^cotienantiE( anb agteeief äi follotofiC-
I. To pay the rent at the times and in the manner herein specified, to abide by and conform to the regulations now governing said hotel premises and to all those which may hereafter be promulgated and which may be deemed necessary for protection of the hotel premises, the Standard and character of the hotel business as adopted by the Hotel, as well as for the general comfort and welfare of the occupants of the said hotel premises, with the same force and effect as if such regulations were iucorporated herein; to surrender up possession of the premises at the end of the term herein fixed.
II. Not to assign this agreement, nor sublet the suite herein demised, or any part thereof, without the consent in writing of the Hotel nor do any cooktng nor have cooking Utensils on the demised premises nor without the permission of the Hotel serve any food therein; nor damage the walls or woodwork therein; nor allow any dog», cats, parrots, or other animals in said premises, without the written consent of the Hotel; nor occupy said premises for any purpose deemed extra hazardous by reason of fire or otherwise; nor do or sufTer to be done anything which may vitiate any insurance or increase the ordinary premium payable in respect thereto; nor use said premises for any business purpose; nor expose any sign, Illumination or projection in, or out of, or on the window or door or from the said building in any place.
III. In case of damage by fire to said premises, to give immediate notice thereof to the Hotel who shall thereupon cause the damage to be repaired as soon as it reasonably and conveniently can be done; if the damage shall be so extensive as to render said rooms wholly untenantable the rent shall cease until said premises shall be put in Order, but if said damage be so extensive that the Hotel shall decide to rebuild, the term herein shall cease and the rent shall be adjusted as of the date of the fire; that should additional locks or bolts be desired on the doors of said rooms, or additional electric wiring or outlets, application shall be made to the Hotel, who may install the same at the expense of the Guest, and all such locks or bolts or all other improvements or alterations made in the said suite, shall become the property of the Hotel and shall not be removed or defaced; and will use only such shades in the Windows of said rooms as are either put up or approved by the Hotel.
IV. That this lease and the term hereby created and any and all renewals thereof are and shall be subject and subordinate to any mortgage or mortgages which now are or hereafter may be placed upon the land and building in which the demis«. ' rooms are situated; and shall also be subject to the paramount lease, if any, under which the Hotel is in possession of the building of which the demised premises are a »t; that on and after four months next prior to the expiration of the term hereby granted, the Hotel shall be permitted at all reasonable hours to show the rooms herein v :mised to prospective tenants, and that the Hotel shall also be permitted, at any time, during the term, at reasonable hours, to visit and examine said premises and to make such repairs and decorations as shall be deemed necessary or advisable*.
V. To purchase from the Hotel, if the Hotel so desires, all electric current and lamps that the Guest requires at the demised premises at the same price which would be charged therefor by a public service Corporation for similar consumption. If the Hotel shall maintain a telephone switchboard the Guest will pay for the extension Station, or stations, in the demised premises and for all messages at the same rate as charged by the Hotel to other occupants in the building. Payments for electric current, lamps, telephone service and extensions shall be due as and when bills shall be rendered. Any amount as to which the Guest shall at any time be in default for or in respect to the
Eayment of any of the aforesaid items shall be deemed to be "additional rent" for the demised premises. For the non-payment of any "additional rent" the Hotel shall ave the same remedies and rights that the Hotel has for the non-payment of any of the regulär first above specified rent.
VI. If the Guest shall make default in fulfilling any of the covenants or conditions of this lease, other than the covenant for payment of rent, or in compliance with any of the rules and regulations of said building herein stated, or referred to, or hereafter established as herein provided, or if the Hotel shall deem the conductof the Guest or any of his or her family or visitors objectionable, improper or detrimental to the comfort or welfare of the other occupants of said hotel premises, or to the business or premises of the Hotel, the Hotel may give to the Guest ßve days* notice of Intention to end the term of this lease, and tender the rent paid on account of the unexpired term demised, and thereupon at the expiration of said five days, the term under this lease shall expire as fuUy and completely as if that day were the date herein definitely fixed for the expiration of the term, and the Guest will then quit and surrender the demised premises to the Hotel, but the Guest shall remain liable as hereinafter provided. If the Guest shall make default in the payment of the rent reserved hereunder, or any part thereof, or if the notice last above provided shall have been given and said five days* period shall have elapsed or if the demised premises become vacant or deserted, the Hotel by agents and servants, may immediately, or at any time thereafter re-enter the demised premises and remove all persons and property therefrom either by summary dispossess proceedings, or by any suitable action or proceeding at law, or by force or otherwise. without being liable to indictment. prosecution or damage therefor. and the Hotel may at the Hotels option in any such case, re-let the demised premises or any part or parts thereof, as the agent of the Guest. and receive the rents therefor, applying the same first to the pajment of such expenses as the Hotel may have incurred, and then to the fulfillment of the covenants of the Guest herein, and the balance, if any, at the expiration of the term above provided for, shall be paid to the Guest. In the event of re-entry or of termination of this lease by summary proceedings or otherwise, whether or not the premises be re-let, the Guest shall remain liable until the time when this lease would have expired but for such termination, for the equivalent of the amount of all of the rent reserved herein. less the avails of re-letting, if any, and the same shall be due and payable by the Guest to the Hotel on the several rent days above specified. that is. upon each of such rent days the Guest shall pay to the Hotel the amount of the deficieucy then existing. The Guest hereby expressly waives any and all right of redemption in case the Guest shall be dispossessed by judgment or Warrant of any court or judge, and the Guest waives and will waive all nght to trial by jury in any summary proceedings hereafter instituted by the Hotel against the Guest in respect to the demised premises. The words "re-enter" and "re-entry" as used in this lease are not restricted to their technical legal meaning. In the event of a breach or threatened breach by the Guest of any of the covenants or provisions hereof , the Hotel shall have the rigbt of injunction, and the right to invoke any remedy allowed at law or in equity, as if re-entry. summary proceedings and other remedies were not herein provided for.
d^tie J^ottl CobenantiBC-
(A) That. upon performing all the covenants and conditions herein contained to be performed by the Guest. the Guest shall quietly and peaceably enjoy the premises herein demised.
(B) To provide elevator service, steam heat during the winter months, and hot and cold water. but upon the express understanding and condition that the same may be modified or suspended, in whole or in part, for any period of time, provided the Hotel shall deem such modification or Suspension necessary or advisable, or because of conditions ^owing out of or arising from war, Invasion, strikes, breakdowns, difficulty in procuring labor or fuel, or for any other similar reason. In the event, however of such modification or su.spension, the Hotel agrees to use due expedition and diligence to restore said service, but in no event, however, shall the modification or Suspension of said service impair any of the obligations of this lease, or en title the Guest to a Suspension or reduction of rent; to provide ordinary
* i without additional cost \ ^^ f^j^j, ^^^^ ., „„„j^^ * i without additional cost
for a pncc to be agreed upon
maid and house service
1
I to fumish linen if required * l
for a price to be agreed upon
3t in f)tvthp expreKKlp unberiE^toob anb agreeb:-
(C) That the character of the occupancy of said demised premises, as above expressed, is an especial consideration and inducement for the granting of this lease to the Guest, and in the event of any violation by said Guest of the restriction against subletting the premises, or permitting the same to be occupied by any other persons than as aforesaid, or of a violation of any other restriction or condition herein iraposed. said lease shall, at the option of the said Hotel, cease and determine and be at an end upon giving notice as provided in Paragraph VI. hereof, anything hereinbefore contained to the contrary in anywise notwithstanding. *
(D) That the Hotel shall in addition to all the remedies prescribed by common or statutory law upon non-payment of all sums due from the Guest have the rights and remedies upon non-payment of such sums and all of them w hich a Hotel and Inokeeper has upon non-payment of all sums due him from a Guest, including the right of lien and the right to lock the Guest out of the premises herein Icased.
(E) Any notice by the Hotel to the Guest shall be deemed to be duly given if either delivered personally to the Guest or maiied by registered mail in any general or brauch post oflice, enclosed in a postage prepaid envelope, addressed to the Guest at the building in which the demised premises are situated.
(F) The fadlities of the safe and safe deposit boxes as provided and maintained by the Hotel are not appurtenant to the premises hereby demised; and that the Guest expressly agrees, in consideration of the use of said facilities without specific charge therefor, the Hote' shall not be liable for loss of or damage to any property deposited in such safes or safe deposit boxes, due to ordinary or gross negligence of the Hotel, or otherwise, in any sum exceeding $500.00 unless by special agreement in writing signed by an officer or manager of the Hotel.
(G) The storerooms are provided and maintained gratuitously by the Hotel, and that their use is not appurtenant to the premises hereby demised- that the Guest expressly agrees that if the same be made use of, such use shall be at his, her or their own risk, and that the Hotel shall not be liable for loss or damage to said property by water, fire, theft, moth or any other cause, either as a result of the ordinary or gross negUgence of the Hotel or its employees, or otherwise.
(H) That the Hotel shall not be liable for loss or damage to the demised premises or property of the Guest or of any other person contained therein by fire theft moth. water, snow, steam, gas, electric wiring or any other cause, either as a result of the ordinary or gross negligence of the Hotel or its employees, or otherwise. '
(I) If the Guest shall at any time be in default hereunder, and if the Hotel shall Institute an action or summary proceeding against the Guest based upon such default, then the Guest will reimburse the Hotel for the expense of attomeys' fees and disbursements thereby incurred by the Hotel, so far as the same are reasonable in amount. Also, so long as the Guest shall be a guest hereunder, the amount of such expenses shall be deemed to be additional rent hereunder, and shall be due from the Guest to the Hotel on the first day of the month following the inciuring of such respective expenses.
(J) This lease is binding upon the parties hereto and their legal representatives and shall b« equally binding on the Guest in the event of any assignment thereof by the Hotel to subsequent proprietors of said premises.
3n b)Ünefi({( totieteof» the parties hereto have hereunto set their hands and seals the day and year first above written.
3n pxtatntt of :-
Graham-Chisholm, N. Y« Stock Form 2000
GUARANTY OF PERFORMANCE OF LEASE
In Consideration of the letting of the premises descrlbed in the foregoing lease, by the lessor to the lessee, and of One Dollar ($L00) to me in hand paid by said lessor, I covenant and agree to and wich said lessor and lessor's successors in interest, that if lessee shall at any time default in the payment of the rent or performance of any of lessee's covenants, as in said lease provided, I will pay the said rent, and any arrears thereof, and also all damages, that may arise in consequence of the breach of any of lessee's covenants, upon demand.
I waive notice of default in payment of rent or breach of any covenant, and I consent to one or more extensions of time for payment of any rent due or performance of any covenant of such lease.
Guarantor
(L. S.)
Witness:
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THE SUNDAY TIMES-UNION. JACKSONVILl
^ent Basic Rate and Saks Velops in Congress
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"We have no right to pass our billfi along to our children and our children's children." he continued. **We must Start paying now.'*
One congressional authority said that the new tax bill might wipe out the 10 per cent credit now al- lowed for "earned income." Tha^ would mean that salaried indivld- ual would be taxed on all his in- come other than that exempted be- cause of dependents.
Chairman Doughton (D NC) called his House Ways and Means Committee to hear Treasury offi- cials "make suggestlons" about the new tax measure in a closed session Monday.
Doughton said that the new legislation "probably" would involve a revlval of several "nuisance" taxes imposed during the World War. These included levies on soft drinks, railroad tickets and Insurance pollcies.
In other quarters, It was said that the Corporation income tax rate might be Increased from 24 to 30 per cent, existing exemptions of $2000 for married persona and $800 for Single individuals lowered. and liquor, tobacco. automobile and ga^oline taxes raised.
Two members of the House Ways and Means Committee — Disnoy (D Okla) and Woodruff (R Mich) — said that any new tax measure should be accompanied by econom- ies in Pederal expenditures.
Disney suggested specifically that Congress might knock out the $200,- 000,000 Federal aid allotraent for highways, ellmlnate postal sub- sidies and reduce expenditures of the National Youth Administration.
Former Paris Editor s Wiie Visiting Here
I
jermany
Mrs. Valerie Schwarzschild, of New York City, is the guest of Mr. and Mrs. Alexander Brest, in their home on River Road. Mrs. Schwar-'i- schild is the wife of Dr. Leopold Schwarzschild, well known writer and editor of the former Paris po- litical weekly, "Das Neue Tagebuch".
Dr. and Mrs. Schwarzschild were former residents of Berlin, where, because of his political point of View. Dr. Schwarzschild was re- garded as "enemy No. 1" of the Nazi regime, and therefore, with the ad- vent of Hitler, he and his wife were forced to escape to Paris, where he continued to write and publish until the German occupation of FYance. Then, under the most difficult con- ditions, they made their way to Spain and Portugal, whence they sailed for the United States.
An editorial in The New York Post, concerning the arrival of Dr. Schwarzschild in this country, quoted the words of Wickham Steed, written a few months after National Socialism came to power in Ger- many, who stated: *'At least one man in Europe is thinking clearly and inexorably and has the courage to utter his thought ... that man is Leopold Schwarzschild".
One of the many books of Dr. S^hwarzschild. "End to Illusion", which was published in England, is used by politicians as a basis for In- formation about German armament and military strength. He is now at work on another work on a po- litical subject.
During her stay in JacksonvlUe, Mrs. Schwarzschild gave a most in- teresting account of her experiences since escaping from France, in Prench, to a class in French con- versation, at a luncheon given in her honor» at "Stowe Lodge", in Mandarin.
Mrs. Schwarzschild v-^Q' leavc Tuesday evening for home in New York, where she will assist her fa- ' - T-i^ \ttft,^f work.
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55 FIFTH AVENUE
NEW YORK. N. Y.
Mr. Maxim Lieber
545 Fifth Avenue
New York City.
Introducing Mr. Schwarzsdhild
^mtion
• FIFTY-FIVE FIFTH AVENUE • NEW YORK CITY •
October 4^ 1940.
Dear Mr. Armstrong:
I am sure you know Leopold Schwarzschild as editor of Das Tagebuch^ but I want you to know hlm as a person, too* It should not be hard for a man of hls experlence to make a place for himself in journalism In this country, but of course the first requlslte is to mejt people in his own field,
I am sure you can be help- ful to Mr. Schwarzschild and will want to be. I hope particularly th.-t you will put him in touch wlth a few edltors or others wao might be Interested in his work. Änd, in any case, I knew you would be gl id to meet him.
Sincerely yours.
Mr. Hamilton Fish Armstrong, 45 East 65th Street, New York City.
55 FIFTH AVENUE
NEW YORK. N. Y.
Mr. Hamilton Fish Armstrong 45 East 65th Street
Introducing Mr. Schw rzschild
i
^""Wation
• FIFTY-FIVE FIFTH AVENUE • NEW YORK CITY
October 4, 1940.
Dear Mr. Lieber:
You prob ab ly know the work of Leopold Schwarzschild. For many years he was edltor of Das Tagebiicfi« first in Germany and af ter 1933 Cunder the title Das Neue Tagebuch) in Paris. Apart fruin serious article^on political and international affairs, Mr. Schwarzschild is well qualified to write for some of the large-circulation magazines. His Journalistic experience Covers a v/ide field.
I think you will be interested to meet him because I feel sure th -t it will not be long before his writing will find a ready market in thls country.
Sincerely yours.
Mr. Maxim Lieber, 545 Fif th Avenue, Nev. York City.
SIMON AND SCHUSTER, INC.
Publishers
ROCKEFELLER CenTER • I23O SIXTH AVENUE • NEW YORK
October 29, 1940
Dear Bruce,
I am giving this letter to Leopold Schwartzschlld, former editor of the Tage Buch, which was The Wew Republic of Republican Germany. More recently he haö edited and written for newspapers and magazines in Parle»
Ee is really one of the top- ranking journalists of Europe and a man whose work I often translated in The Living Age. I am sure that he has arti- cle ideas and perhaps written material that would be right in line with your own needs, and I am hoping that you or someone on the editorial staff would have a chat with him.
Slncerely,
)
1 V l
MPV pnwp f
QÜINCY EOWE
Bruce Bliven, Eeq. The ^^ew Republic 14 East 49 th Street ^^ew York City
qhtms
Bnice Biiven, Es(». The i^aw RenuLlic 14 ifiaat 49tb Street New York City
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iOLSIMON AND SCHUSTER, INC.
RocKEFFi I ru n^. Publishers
KOCKEFELLER Center • ,230 S.XTH AVENl-E • NEW YORK
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Inter-Allied Information Centre
61 0 FiFTH Avenue • New York,, N. Y.
CABLE: ALLINFORM. NEW YORK CIRCLE 7 5470
Pebruary 20, 1941
Mr* Leopold Schwarz schlld Colonlal Hotel 51 West 81 Street New York, N.Y.
Dear Mr. Schwarzschild:
V/lth reference to your vlslt thls viovninß, 1 am pleased to give you the address of I.Ir, E, J. Coli, Dlrector of the National Economic and Social Plann- ing Association (N.E.S.P.A.) which is 1721 Eye St.]}VI, Washington, D. C.
Mr. Coil coLies to New York from time to time and you nay care to write to him, saying you do so at my sug' gestion, and ask him to give you the opportunity of a meeting v/hen he next does so.
Yours very truly.
^-^N^ ^--dA-^^L^^^ wfu>^
Michael Huxley
MH:pl
BELGIUM - CZECHOSLOVAKIA - FRANCE - GREAT BRITAIN - LUXEMBURG - NETHERLANDS - NORWAY ^ POLAND
^: •
♦- •
Zeiger 8c Berliner
COUNSELLORS AT LASV
JOSEPH J ZEIG ER EPHRAIM BERLINER
WHITEHALL4-0075
44 Beaver Street New York
May 6, 1941
Mr. Leopold SchwarÄSchlld Colonlal Hotel
ColumbuB Avenue & Biet Street New York City
Dear Mr. Schwär zechlld:
I do not know whether you will recall me by name, but I am Myron Schwartechlld's brother-ln-law and met you at hls home some tlme ago.
Durlng the last few monthe I have had correspondence concernlng you with your former assoclate, Mr. Warendorf, about whlch I told your brother, and to whlch I replled as per hls sug- gestlone.
In Mr. Warendorf 's letter to me dated November 5, 1940, he referred to Ludwig Schwarzschlld, and then stated: <-
"You will reraember that I was In rather close contact wlth thelr uncle for many years but I have no knowledge of hls whereabouts slnce the outbreak of the war. "
Your brother and I declded that for your own protection we should not glve too much Information concernlng you, and I therefore replled ae follows In the last sentence of the thlrd paragraph of my letter of December 4th to hlm:
"The Indivldual you inqulred about has been heard from and iB well,"
I then recelved hls letter of January 3, 1941, whlch contalned the followlng Statements: —
"However, I shall be much obllged to you If you will klndly ask Ludwig to convey my best regards and cordtal wlshes for a happy futtire, ♦ ♦ * , I wonder If we could not help hls dear old uncle In some way or other, especially In provldlng hlm wlth the necessary funds to go and see my own personal frlends mentloned In the very last letter whlch I have sent hlm myself , now already more than elght raonths ago. In
\
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Page #2
Mr. Leopold Schwarzschild
May 6, 1941
that caee I hope you will keep me posted as I shall have to make some personal arrangement s so a8 to see ^ that he will be met upon arrlval* I do not eijare to hope that we may Joln eaoh other In the near future but that will largely depend upon hira too.**
I dld not have a Chance to reply to thls letter, and am Jußt In receipt of another letter whlch purports to come from hlm, dated March 17, 1941, but whlch may not be authentlc because the Blgnature thereon does not correspond wlth the slgnature on hls previous letters. Thls letter states. In part:
"Further to my letter of January S, 1941, I wlsh to Inform you that accordlng to some persistent rumors In thls City Mr. de Vrlendt, the Indlvldual ref erred to In the last phrase of the thlrd Para- graph of your letter of December 4, 1940, should now be In New York. If you can conflrm these ru- mors please glve hlm ray best personal regards and ask hlm to communlcate wlth my frlends mentloned at' the end of the second paragraph of my letter of January 3rd, I.e., If he has not already done so. (Thls Is the paragraph I quoted above. ) I take It that he Is contlnulng the splendid work for whlch he was so Justly celebrated, though owlng to varlous personal clrcumstances hls actlvltles may perhaps be less consplcuous for the tlme belng.
"As for myself , I am dolng much the same work, al though of course on a conslderably smaller scale and In an equally reserved manner. I hope to wrlte to you agaln In the not too dlstant future,
-$!-#«
N
He does not ask for any reply to hls letter, and the only address that appears Is on the outslde of the envelope, on whlch the followlng address Is stated: — Vosslusfetraat 29, Amsterdam, Holland. Incldentally, that Is not the address Trom and to whlch all previous correspondence wlth hlm was had.
I hesltated to reply to thls letter In vlew of my doubt as to Its genulneness. However, before dolng anythlng, I should llke to hear your own reactlon.
Wlth klndest regards to you and your good wlfe, I am
JJZ:ER
NEW YORK TELEPHONE COMPANY
To kelp you reach anyhody. anyivherCf any time—— and to help anyone reach you-'^ quickly and ai low cost.
Addr99me»i S09 Back of Stuh TmUphonmt Dial 811 or Call **DMisinema Offic^
MARCH 21, 1941
RZSCHI LD
8 1 ST
>cal Calls Included jCf, if
(Please disregard this amount if paid)
U IR
iL_3a
Total
10 77 ft
L_
lAr S % Added For N. Y. Citj Salea Tu (Dividing bj 34}^ determine« tax within li)
•• PLEASE RETÜRN TmS STUB
// you have any question ahout the bill just dial 811 or call ''Business Office** and then ask for the representative handling your account. Ifyou wish a receipt^ please let us know, retuming both bill and stuL Do not pay this bill to a collector,
MARCH 21, 1941
TRA 7
8475 C
L SCHWARZSCHILD
5 1 WEST 8 1 ST
Local Service
Additional Local Calls
Out-of-Town Calls, Etc.
Other Charges or Credit«
Balance from Previous Bill
U 38
^ 30
Total
10 77 »
SEE CTUER SIDE NEW YORK TELEPHONE COMPANY
To help you reach anyhody. anywhere, any tim*— and te help emyone reach yt mickfy on^ at low cost.
NEW YORK TELEPHONE COMPANY
AddresMe»: See Back of Stub TeUphonet Dial 811 or Call *• Dusines» OjBfiee^
FEBRUARY 21, 1941
PLEASE RETURN TfflS STUB
f.»-#i
If you have any question about the hill just cUal 811 or call ^'Business Office" and then ask for the representative handling your accounL Ifyou wish a receipt, please let us know, retuming both bill and stub. Do not pay this bill to a collector.
FEBRUARY 21, 1941
l
TRA 7
8475 p
L SCHWARZSCHILD
5 1 WEST 81 ST
Local Service for One Month in Advance
Local Calls Included
Additional Local Calls to Pate of Bill (See back of stub) Out-of-Town Calls and Telegrams (List enclosed)
Other Charges or Credits ( Explanation enclosed)
iS
3i
Balance Due from Previous Bill
C Please disregard this amount if paid)
Total
1438
2 Ol
6 39 *
• 3 % Added For N. Y. Uty S«le« T«K (Diriding by 34}^ detenninec tax within 1#>
TRA 7
847 5 C
L SCHWARZSCHILD 51 WEST 81 ST
|
Local Service |
T |
38 |
|
|
Additional Local Calls |
2 |
Ol |
|
|
Out-of-Town Calls, Etc. |
|||
|
Other Charge« or Credits |
|||
|
Balance from Previous Bill |
|||
|
Total |
6 t SI |
39 * |
|
|
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ALL RENTS PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. ALL BILLS DUE AND PAYABLE UPON PRESENTATION.
APARTMENT NO.
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Ootober 10, 1940
Mr* W* KlBgsley Wlng 522 Plf th lyenue ITew York City
Dear Hr« Wlng: -
Baarer of thls Is Mr. LEOPOLD SCHWARZSGHILD, a aermajo refngee from Pranoe, who ever slnoe the advent of the Fazl regime has been one of Its most darlng and effeotlve antagonlsta abroad« To thls ead he hfiis durlng all these years oontlnued pub- llcatlon of hls weekly DAS TAGEBUCH, whloh was Icnown for Its outspolcen attltude even In pre-Hltler days. In thls perlodloal Hr. Sohwarzsohlld •s oontrlbutlons were wldely read and quoted«
It may be worth whlle and to your mutual benef It to see what use you oan make of the plentlful materlal Ux. Sohwarzsohlld has on hand. If hls skllful wrltlng oan find adeguate translatlon hls oontrlbutlons should prove an asset to the Amerloan fleld.
Very slnoerely yotirs.
CurA-^,\j^'
V1Ujuuaa>va^
Pr* Gurt I* Heymano, Editor lal Dept.
CLH:KY-pr
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Mr. Vir. Kings ley Wlag 522 Plfth Aye. Few York City
hand
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WE S TE RN UNION
1201
i-
SYMBOLS
A. N. WILLIAMS
PRESIDENT
NEWCOMB CARLTON CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD
J. C. WILLEVER
FIRST VICE-PRESIDTN"
DL »Day Letter
NT = Ovemight Telegftim
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SB1U 7 NT= TDS BEVERUYH1LLS CALIF 7
Time of receipt ia ^^(i^IQM) TmE
SCHV/ARTZSHILDs
JV
HOTEL COLON lAL ^^ WEST 81 ST NYK=
ALL THE BEST WISHES IN OLD FRIENDSHIP=
MARCUSE.
THE COMPANY WILL APPRECIATB EUGGESTIONS FROM ITS PATRONS CONCERNING ITS SERVICE
741
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BY WESTERN
UNION
^3380 7 SC'SANTAMONICA CALIF LEOPOLD SCHWARZSCHILD»
HOTEL COLONIAL 51 WEST 81 ST»
V V
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CONGRATüLATIONS AND HEARTFUL'T WISHES YOUR OLD FRIENDS^
LEONARD FRANK AND HüLLESi
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J. C. WILLEVER FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT
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LEOPOLD SCHWARZSCHI LD = . . \j|
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WE
1201
UNION
A. N. WILLIAMS PRESIDENT
NEWCOMB CARLTON
CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD
j. c. \a/ille:ver
FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT
|
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194! DEC 7 PM 8 07
SAA?5' 5? NT=BEVERLYHILLS CALIF 7 LEOPOLD SCHWARZSCHI LD= fw / . 51 WEST 6*1 ST NYK= ' ^ (
LIESLS UND MEINE HERZLICHSTEN GEDANKEN UND WUEnSCHE SIND HEUTE BEI IHNEN UND NICHT BLOSS HEUTE WIE SIE SICHERLICH WISSEN SIE TREFFEN ES BESSER MIT IHREM FUENTZIGSTEN ALS ICH VOR VIER JAHREN DAMALS BLICKTE MAN IN EINEN NATCHSCHWARZ^N SCHACHT JETZT SCH I WMERT DOCH LICHT AUF DER ANDEREN SEITE. W|RE WERDEN DORT DRUEBE^4 HOFFENTLICH NOCH
EILE IN FREUNDSCHAFT MITEINANDER FORTWANDERN=
EINE^GANZE W
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THE COMPANY WILL APPRECIATE ßUOG ESTIONS FROM ITS PATRONS CONCERNING ITS SERVICE
N, l -^ .« .t.
iTANDARD TIME INDICATCO
RECEIVEO AT
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TELEPHONE VOUR TELEGRAM5 TO POSTAL TELEGRAPH
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nTvEA^^^ 59 DL=PADUCAH KY 8 757P LEOPOLD SCHV:ARZCHILD=H0TEL COLOMIAL liEST 81 ST CORNER C0LUM3US AVE
NE V.' YORK MY=
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rü COUNTING YOUR 3IRTHDAY TELEGRALIS AND CA3LES PLEASE DO COUNT 0^'E AT LEAST TEMFOLD PADUCAH DESERVES IT EVEH I F I DO NOT- ALL SORTS OF LUCK. DESPITE A FEW THINGS I A:v1 YOURS IN FRIENDSHIP ^ AND ANTI JAPANESE S0LIDARITY=
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THIS
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WESTERN UNION
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A. N. WILLIAMS PRESIDENT
NEWCOMB CARLTON CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD
J. C. WILLEVER riRST VICE-PRESIDENT
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SB253 40 NT=BEVERLYH1LLS CALIF 6 LEOPOLD SCHWARZSCHJLD,HOTEL COLON IAL=
HOLD FOR ARR IVAL MoI^DAY 51 V/EST 61 NYK=
'941 DEC 7 AM 2 26
^/
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>'HEARTIEST CONGRÄTULAT IONS , DEAR FRjENDj, BOSS ANDPATRON, OM THE BEGINNING OF YOUR SECOND YOUTH. IT IS OUR MOST SINCERE WISH THAT YOU MAY SOON FIND IN THE NEW WORLD THE MORAL AND
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MATERIAL SUCCESS V/HICH YOU SO FULLY DESERVE. YOURS =
LISL AND ALFRED POLGAR.
i
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TRAFALGAR 7-2000
|JT.0!]fJl Cakiraiiiil
5 1 WEST EIGHTY-FIRST STREET
Jan, 30. 42
•Wh^r
Lieber Hoellerins, ,,r,^ -^i® Propaganda-Sache ist erst am Anfang- deckrunf^o^f '°^^^ ^^"^^^ shortcominr<s ent- min L^?pr.!.^^^'*'^P'' ^""^ -^^^'^ '-efa.st.Aber es mag helfen auf einige ?un]cte hinzuweisen.
Rayon ^^^J^^^^^'^^^^^^it halber gehe ich von meinem
Jt Ji, ^^^ ^^S^^ "^^^®" wollten, ^vaehltP-n wir etwas, was notwendi,-- ist,— und was s^ineL
sonderen Beduerfnisse hat .Man rauss aS e?n ?ri!
sche5^, brennendes Thema anknuepfen.^as friisohe
hanr'est eu?";e?t%' if . -"- ^-esser en^S^^^en- iif^^ ' f ;: werden. Und es muss mit einer an den deutschen Foerer besonders aT)pelliPrend^S Herrichtung behandelt werden. -^•^•^-^i-^ena.n
Ich nenne die Vorbedim-un^^en die bic-hp-r unerfuellt sind. o""e«-i,aie oisner
l»Die Schnelligkeit
nie .^1 ^""^"^ sa, en,da.^s das primaere ^cforder- nis aller Propaganda dasselbe ist ^vie ralalier
?iers?'wenf?i?r'*f "^?^"^^^ "^^^^ moe^^licJir llche'aeSirS' '"' ^c^l-^^^eld ist hier daslinschl
/re^.-onJn aT^ ^^^ '""o^^^ ^""^ ^^^ vornherein der gewonnen der seine Sache zuerst ins ^rehirn ein-
floesst.Eme Sache praegt si^h so ins Sfih?rn ein
einmal im Gehirn sitzt, wieder herauszutrpihon oder zu aendern,ist z- 'anzigmal schwerer P^sS^uT^t saechliche, obwohl primitive -^ehPimnis ?ilp? ^^rli' der Goebbels »sehen Propa -anoa inTr ^^U w«r °^^^ wahrscheinlich, dass er^ immer zJSrs? Bm^-ia^ze
PACING -LANDS CA PED- PLANETARIUM -GARDENS AND MUSEUM -OF- NATURAL - Hl STORY
TRaFALGAR 7-2000
51 WEST EIGHTY-FIRST STREET
s
vrar.Die I.'aschiiK^ war rrdt .:rossera Fleiss und per- fekter Technik auf dlosen Haupt-Zv^eck konstru-'ert und^ gehandhabt ■ -orrlenrrait der Nachricht und dem Co:mentar zuerst zur Stelle 7u sein. JahreL-^nr- hatte der f^^oebbels-Apparat in allen Laendern seine Version schon jn die aehirne p-ebracht,ehe die Konkurrenten sich ueberhau^t noch '-eruehrt hatten,
?:ann nan nicht zuerst da sein — v;as in un- serem Fall vielleicht schwierig s-in wi^-d-sc^-.o muss -nan v^enigstens in kuerzestem Abst^-nd d- sein damit die Goebbels-Yersion r;ich noch nicht allzu-' sehr den Oehirnen assimiliert hat .Man kann eine irisch induzierte "■■inun- noch "enaern.eine fest gev/orfiene sehr bedeut-nd schv/erer. Conclusion:a) Alle politischen Glossarien rauesssn versuchen, das relativ plastische :;:ateripl d^ <- ^eweils^ frischesten Dinge, zu kneten. Die aelteren Dinge ^ dienen daher zur Unterstuetzun-- und Illu- stration, aber sie sollten keine selbntst -endiVen Them.en sein, " ^''
t^-nnr.J^^^ Zweck ist verfehlt ,v/enn das technische Arrangement so i.-t,da3s ein Skript von— sa-en v;ir_. oonntag tatsaechlich erst am Donnerstag oder Frei- tag an den Hoerer ko-imt .Nicht nur hat in der Zv-ischenzeit Goebbels laengst gesiegt .Nioht nur ist aus der fr-ischo Sache in der Z-lschenzeit ia engst eine ranzige geworden. As a matter of fact ist das Skript in der Zwischenzeit v/ahrscheinlich immer ps;|rchoiogisch falsch gev/orden.Es kann fak-
fv .^?--^^°^'^®^ riirhtig geblieben sein--obv;ohl seibst das in diesen schnellbeweglichen Zeiten selten sein wird. Trotzdem kann es psvchol o-isch
5§if inzwi^S^''^ ^^^ ueb-rholt geworden seiny-- weil inzwischen neue Nueancen aufgetaucht sind
FACING- LANDS CAPED -PLANETARIUM - GAR DENS
AND MUSEUM - OF - NATURAL - HISTORY
4
/
TRaFALGAR 7-2000
Sl WEST EIOHTY-FIRST STREET
fiS sSi^t 5io^''°''S^S^:^^^^ ^°^<^^° ^^^ ;und weil ein Skript, das davon. keine Noti?. nimmt eher einen
ausv;ephenden,verheimlichenden,ni3ht Vertrauens! erweckenden Sindruck auf den Koerer macht;
PACING -LANDSCAPED -PLANETARIUM -GAR DENS AND MUSEUM - OF - N ATU RAL - HISTORY
•t »• r » *• ?
TRafalgar 7-2000
V
51 WEST EIGHTY-FIRST STREET
•Jon. 30, 42
Llebor Hoellorin^,
Die T'ropopnnda-r.ßche ißt c^rst nm Anfrnf/ und sicher ; inö sohon rofmohe shortcomin ;8 ent- deckt und Aenderun.':cn ine Au^e .'efßrst.Aber ')q n&ß helfen, r.uf rinifre ^^nlrte hlnzut'/eisen.
Dor Eim'rohhelt hjilber che ioh von Reine'n Rayon ous.
Als \f\T fuer ricli etwes v;, ehlr.en,v/ns v/ir "Dps TV^oiaa des Tages" nennen v;ollten,v;' ehlt-^n wir etv/ns,wns notv/ondiv; ist,— und -ms seine 'or- sonr^eren Peduerfnisfjs hnt.ü-jn riues r-n '^ln fri- sche r, brennendes The»a anlcnuepfeu, es frisi^he, brennende Theran rrmss In ei-ien ^rooßseron /'.ufsamra^n- banß -i'osten.t wordon.TInd os muss nit einer an den deutschen "oerer besonders appellierenri-m Herrichtung V-ehanöelt w rdon,
loh nenne die Vorbodinijungen.die bisher uncrfueilt pind,
1 , D i e S chne 1 1 hika 1 1 Man knnn f.a .en^dars des ori .aere i^fordor- nis eller rropafradß flnreelbe ist vjie -qs nller mllitnorlschon Op'^rationontmon nuRs moe.-lif^I'nt zuerst, ii. den Tlls aber s-^hr rasch ; uf dom r^ohlaoht- fcld eein.Und d^s Schlachtfeld ist hier dns raensoh- llche Gehirn»
In 00* der Foelle hf.t von vornherein d^-r ge^'cnnen,df>r seine Sache ?!uerst ins -ehirn ein- flocßst.Kinc r>ache prae-t si<^h so ins nghirn ein, wie sie Z' ers- hinein, *ebrri cht v/irr' , Do s,v/as solion GinrrEl im Gehirn eit^tjV/ieder herauszutreiben oder 7.U 'Sondern, ict z\;an?i.5nicl schvvcrer.Das hnuDt- snechli'^he, obwohl primitive ^'oheinnis aller Erfolge der Goebbels »sehen Propa r^n^a in der ©It wftr wehrcehelnlichjdnro er Lrier zuerst om Platze
PACING - LANDSCAPED - PLANETARIUM - GAR DENS AND MUSEUM -OF - NATURAL- Hl STORY
*-
TRafALGAR 7-20OO
::i!:intfal
51 WEST EIGHTY-FIRST STREET
v;ar#Die Masohin( mir nlt r^rossem Vlelso und per« fekt^r leclmlk n.uf diesen Ilaupt-Zvock konstru'ert und^ .rchimdhabt ^ on'^exümit der Nachricht unrl den Co.::entn.r 7;uRrst zur rtelle ^u soin.Jnhrelan^ hette der Goo» bels-Appn nt in allen Lnendem seine Version s^hon in die 'Tehlrne /.obrrichtiebe die llonJoirrenten eich uc- erhrupt noch .reruehrt
hatten«
Kann nnn nicht zuerst da srin— v;^^s in un« seren Fall vJelleioht solivierir; s in v/inl-fi^f^i.o mtißß .lan v/fmigntenö in kuerze^tem Abstand da sein^ oanit. die Goebbels-Version ri.^.h nn-^.h nicht all'/u-. s^hr den nchirn^m assiniliert hat#~ nn k^nn eine friß?h Injizierte I'-inun.:: noch ^ endcrn^eine fest gevjor^ene sehr '>?deut nrl echwerer» Conclusion:a) Alle politischen GlosDarien imie&scm vercuchcn,cias relativ plr^stisohe '•aterial^dio leweils frischesten Din^^p^r^u knet n.Dle reltoren Dinare dienen doher znr ünvcrGtu'tzun, • un^' Illu- stTPtion^abcr sie sollten keine selbr.tst endigon
The-Tcn sein»
Der Zs'fecy: irt verfehlt ^v;e::n d^s technisclio Arranßrxaent so i^^t,d-f s ein Skript von— sagen v/ir-- Sonntrig tatsaechlich err^t am Ponncrr^tat5 oder I'rei- tag c.n den Hoerer ko ont« nicht nxir h-t in der Zvischenzeit Goebbels laeniLv.t .::esi-öt »Nicht nur Irt nus der f-^dschc SavOhe in der Zvisclien^.eit laengst eine ranzi::;o ge^vorclen^As a r^atter of fact iet doB S^Tipt in der ZwischonZ'it v/rhrscheinliöh irmacr :^sycholo{::isoh fr'lsch tje^ ordon^Ss kr^nn fak- tisch vollkornnen riahtig ^«leblieben ö in — obwohl seftbrt nes in diesen schnelltev;e{;lichen Zeiten selten s^in v;ird*Trot7.don l:onn es ps^'^cholo. isch gaenzlich falsch und ueb rliolt -levoröon seinj-— weil inzv;i3chen neue Nueanccn ouf;:etf.unht sind^
PACING - LANDSCAPE D - PLAN ETA Rl U M - GAR DEN 5 AND MUSEUM -OF -NATURAL- Hl STORY
TRAFALGAR 7-2000
»' 51 WEST EIGHTY-FIRST STREET
. -\ . - •;
well Tom Gegner neue Argumente und Darstellun- gen und netailß vorgebraoht. worden aina |\md well ein Skript jdaa daron. keine Notiz nimmt eher einen eusv/olohöndonjverhelmliohenden,nioht Vertrauens« erweckenden Eindruck auf den Hoerer maoht#
^ %
PACING -LANDSCA PED-P LA NETARIUM-GARDENS AND MUSEUM -OF- NATURAL - Hl STORY
German Labor Delegation
IN THE UNITED STATES 815 Riverside Drive, New York City
WAdsworth 8-1747
Albert Grzesinski,
President
Dr. Rudolf Katz,
Executive Secretary
Siegfried Aufhaeuser Max Brauer Dr. Alfred Braunthal Professor Alfred Kaehler Ger hart Seger Wilhelm Sollmann Hedwig Wachenheim
28 • November 1941
COMMITTEE OF SPONSORS William Green, Chairman
President, A. F. of L.
Dr. Frank Bohn
Dr. William Bohn
Professor Paul F. Brissenden
Abraham Cahan
August Claessens
David Dubinsky
Adolph Held
Dr. Sergius Ingerman
Alexander Kahn
William Karlin
Herman Kobbe
Harry Lang
Lucy Lang
Algernon Lee
Judge Matthew M. Levy
Alfred Baker Lewis
Simon Libros
Dr. Alexander S. Lipsett
Bela Low
Bertha H. Mailly
Darwin I. Meserole
Isaiah Minkoff
Judge Jacob Panken
Stephen Raushenbush
Victor Riesel
Benjamin Stolberg
Louis Waldman
Joseph Weinberg
Matthew Woll
Max Zaritsky
Werter Freund,
Im Sonn^er 1940 uurde Ihncm auf Gnmd unöer^r VerrjJtUung in FranKreirjh ein amorllcanlsches Visur cfewaohrt. Das DöpartLit^nt :f Stata in ^msaln,5ton iöt jetzt s^;it einiger Zeit doböi, diu soinurzeit sehr tschiuoll und s-in-jUMrisch ^eW'Sehrten Visa einer Nacr:prae'\in.^ za unterzi^^hon. .
Auö di.t:5oi;i Grunde ben'.et.igou vrlr '^u Veri;;leichb'- und i^us- kuiifLc;'4;Vccki.n jinon kur.-icn Iiej^nsiaaf v^n Ihnen. Es handelt ^ich im e.'ne rain ^uerLkr^itiachr- *\ni;ci.lt;genhoit, un doi entv/o^w;n t>ltj sich nloht zu Vounruhig<.m branchcn«
Da niT gedraengt werden, bitt'iii ivir Sie, diesen Lvibt^ns- lauf - et\JH 20 bis 30 Zeilen - s:: bald vde mot^.^lioh on uns einzusendtin.
Fratemalljr y^urs, Rudolf "Katz
IfAA^
^
\
II»
^""Wation
• FIFTY-FIVE FIFTH AVENUE • NEW YORK CITY •
November 15, 1940.
Dear *^r. t^chwarzechild:
I am extremely sorrj there has been so long a delay in giving you our re^ctions to the piece on the Rothschilds. The fact is that, as I originally feared, the heavy pressure of w?r news and a turbulent election forced one postponement after another, end even now I see no gap in the immediate future for the piece which is, incidentally, rsther too long for the importance of the subject. It seems to me that it might be a good idea for you to expand the theme a bit, adding more color and detail, and then try to seil it to Harper* s or the Atlantic Monthly. Now that the actual expulsions of the French Kothschilds is many weeks past, there is no news peg on which to hang the story as far as The Nation is concemed, but one of the more expasive reviews woulo find this no objection. I shall be interested to learn what success you have in placing the piece.
Very truly yourf
Robert Bendiner Manag ing Editor
Mr. ^eopold Schwär zschild, 51 Vkest 81 Street, New iork City.
I.Iar,:aret H, Boicel
184 V/est 80 ;3trGet Kew York City TK 4 5468
Mr. Leopold Schwarz rchild
Hotel Colonial
81st Strret k Coliunbus Ave
October 21, 114o
Sehr geehrter Herr Schwarz f^child,
darf ich mich Ihnen als Sekretaerin-Ucber- eetzerin empfehlen?
Ich bin Oerterre icher in, r.eit einir;en Jiihren hier im Land. Ich habe in diesem J:.hr aurper Kurzgeschichten, Artikeln, etc zwei Buecher uebcrsetzt, beide fuer Parrar & Rinehard (ein poTDulaerwicf^enachaftliches: Theodor Reik, The Martvr Attitüde od Modem Man, einen Honan: Eenee Brand, No Man' s Land, die beide nach Weihnachten herauskönnen). Daneben habe ich eine riart-time Sekretaersrtellu:ie, die ich sehr gerne mit einer andern vertauschen vmerde
Ich habe vor 1933 oft Glo: pen fucr das Tage- buch geschrieben - unter meinem Maedchennamen Grpte Ujheljr -vielleicht erinnern Sie rieh dp ran und .vissen alo, dar? ich rchroibcn kam} was Ja eine der beioen Voraunsetaxinjen lucr uebcr netzen irt,
Bitte la:;t-en Sie mich v/ifoen ob iind wann ich Sie einmal aufruchen kann.
Mit den berten Gruersen
Ihre
/
BROOiaYl^ COLLEGK Bedford Avor:ue and Avenue H
Brooklyn N.Y.
Harry D .Gideons 3. Pres 1(3 ent
Ootober ?.,194o
Mirs Frances J.Pratt Foreign Polioy Association 22 East 38 Street New York N.Y,
I
Dear KlsG Pratt :
This letter will introduce to you I.Ir.Leopold Gcliwarzschild^who has Just arrived in
Nev; York City and has for inany Years edited ♦'Das Neue Tage-Buch^. I hevo had 0 long disoussion with Mr.Kchwnrzschiia and think he mi^ht fit admi- ; rably into some of your prograra arrangements this
Fall,
There are vory fev/ analysts of the European Situation who havo as broad an understnndin,^^ Ol econonic,political and icleological aspeots in their intorv/oven relntion^PersoU' lly,I have for mony years enjoyed the remarkable editoriols he v/rote for the "Neues Tagebuofe'^ and I find his oral analysis of tho same quality,
Both he and I v/ould appreciate v/hat ever you inay be able to do for him,
Sinoerely yours Harry D.Gideonse
V
\
/
. *
r'y
BROOKLYlf COLLlflCrf!; Bonford /vvcnue ancl /vvenue IT
Brooklyn K.Y,
Harry D.dicloonae, President
Ootobor ?,104o
Mirs Franc GG J.J Tritt FoToißn 3'olioy Assooirition 82 Enet OB Street He\/ York N.Y.
Donr I'isn Prrtt: - ^
Thiß letter v/ill introduoo to you
Vr.Leopolfl. 'Sclivmr7.schlld,who hns just arrived in
Nev York Oity nnd h«n l'or rmny ronrs editod
"Dns Neue Tage-Buoh" . I hnvo hnd a lonc dißcussion
with Ur.r.otiwrrzsohild nno think he minist fit adrai-
rnbly into some of your pro^^rnm arrBn^ements this
There flrn very few nnnlyßts of the European ßituatlon wUo hnvn as broad an iinderstonding of econordojpolitical nnd ideologicnl ocpocts in thoir intorv7oven relntlon,. erson lly,I luivo for mony yenrs onjoyod the rerruirkfible oditorl- Is he v/roto for the "houes Tncebuofe" pnd^l find his ornl nnalysis of tho r.ome qunlity,
Both he -inO I v/ould apprcciate whatevor you mny be able to do for hiia»
Sincerely yours Harry D.flideonse
/
mooiirni coLL^r/';
Bociford Avenue and -vonuo II
Drooldyn ll.Y.
Harry D.Gldeonso.i'rosiclont
Ootobor r,l04o
Kiro Fr<".noeo J.ITntt Foroitjn Volley Ancooi?;tlon B2 p]G8t 33 Street
ITow TorK- IT.Y.
Donr l'iDO Prrtt: . .,, . ^ j 4.^ ,,«,,
Thio ietter vdll introöuoo to yon
"T.Leopold Schv/r-rzßChild,who hne Just arrived in ' v.Q-.: rorl: wity nnd hns l'or ranny Yonrs odlted "ms Neue Tftßo-nuoh'M hnvo hnd 0 ^"^^K^f 5?f ""J;;?!?. •.vith rr. ohwrrzsohiia nnci thini: he niciit fit tidiii^ rlJly Into c of your pro -r n nrrrm.^o;nentß thic
^ '' * Thero arrf veri' i'e'.v nnrlystü of tlio
nuropoön Situation W>io h-vo co broad an underctr.na ö.; ocono.do,politicul md tc^.ooJ.oricr.i ncpeooG In tiioir intorv/ovon r ein t Ion. er ß 071 lly.I 'invo ior nony yo' rr onjoycu tho r. — ^l^'^x oditorv Ir he \'{Toto Cor tli« "ÜKUen Tnßolnioe ' ^r>nd i 1 ind lus
o-T.l -n!;lyol;;. of tl.o cane .urdity,
I.oth '-le ■ n^,! I v/ould approoi.ite
wliatovor you i^iay l»o nLlo to do fo:- hin:,
Sincoroly yourö Harry D,aid(3on!.-o
.j— Jan. 1W4 xJEPARTMENT Revenue Sekvick
NOTICE Or INSTALLMENT DUE
INCOME AND VICTORY TAX ESTIMATED ON DECLARATION TOR CURRENT TAXABLE YEAR
,.ider ihc Current Tax Payment Act, a quarterly installment of esti- mated tax will be due on the date shown hereon Ordinarily, the amount now payable wiU be one-half of Ihe "total unpaid baiance" entered hereon; in other words, it will be an amount sufficient to make the total payment$ under your declaration equal three-fourths of your estimated tax. However, if you have amended your original declara- tion, or if you were not required to file a declaration at the usual time, but had to file one later, consult instructions 6 and 7, Form 1040ES, to determine the amount now payable.
LAST CREDIT
19 02
LEOPOLD & VALERIE SCHWARZICNILD
225 E 37 ST
N Y C 8l.508a/liU
At your Option, the total amount of the unpaid baiance may be paid now.
TOTAL UNPAID BALANCE
36 04»
This installment must be paid on or betöre
SEPT. 15
If it is not paid on time, apencdty will be incurred.
COLLECTOR'S PAID STAMP
OPO
16—38736-1
TO INSURE PROPER CREDIT, please return this form with re- mittance to Collector of Internal Revenue at
110 East ^5th St. M. Y. C
^eutf^ei 9let$§aiiaetget
MVA
]$teuM^ei 6taol§anaetset.
Qtitibrint an iebfm SBod^ntad abcnbi tlf)iit«|irei« buc(|) bie 9)oft monotli* 2,30 Ä,Ä etnf*liefeU(| 0,48 ÄÄ S^ilunfllflfböbt, ob« ohne ^cftelladb; tüi ©fibftabbolct bei Ux ®ff*ättlftcac 1,90 0fJl monatlich. Mt ^JoflanHoItcn ncbmcn f^cflcDunflpn on. In 93frUn tüi eclbftabbol« bic QkmmMt SW 48, aiöill)«Imflra&e 32, ötniclw 'ilummnnmm 30 ^, einKlne Stellagen 10 ^. ©« iverbfn nur geotn Soitablunfl ober botbcrtse ^injcnbuno bf« ^traaef ftnjd)llfftll4 Ut ^oxto9 ab<\titben. f^etnfprfdbfr: F 5 ^cramann 7&73.
Ilii|ri<m|»rfl« für bfiiiHaum einer tfinfaefDaltene« ftUtidle 1,104^, rinrr brriarf&altrnen (SinbettiKUe 1,85 ^Ü(. Snietflen nimmt an Me (^[(i^ttlfteUe S3erlin SW.48, SBilbeltnftra^ 32. int !Dni(faufhrige (inb auf riiifciHt 6ef(^riebenem 9^fr DdDia brucfreif einjufenbeii, tnfbrfonbere ift barin au^ an|U0eben, ivelAe SSorte etnni hutdi 9H^ ^tmd (einmal unterftrtd^n) ober bur(^ (^perrbrucf (befonbem 9<r'
merf am IHanbe) (erDoroeboben iverben fouen.
OefriHdc Knicitcii mfiffen t 7«|C bor bem dinräcPunsItermiii
l)ei in ®ff(^fwftflle etnfleflanflen fein.
wiC» 198» ^ei<f»<banCflitoCemo, geclin, Scettag, bell 25. Sdtgitff, ObenM. 13oftfd^<cttoiitoi ^^ötrCIn 4I821, 1933
^iilialt b(^ amHidien Xetiej.
^cutMic« tNetdi.
83cfanntnind)inui bcft ^lIciAoiuiniftcr« be« %\mn, bctrcffciib '}lberfenmina bcr beutidKn 3lant«anoeliöriofeit.
l<eioibmmii iibcv bic Unucd)minfl frcmöer ^iiUilirimi^en bei bcr iJ^cicd)mim^ öci ^hied)fc!ftcuer. " 'ilom 2:?. ^Jliuiuft VMl
?^clQiintinad)uiui über Den l'onboner (Siolbprcift.
X^eraiuitmad)uiu^ iiber alKuMiicinc (iil)öl)una bcfl 3al)ic«foni^ breimicd)i(J.
gilmoeiboi.
' *i)reu^eit.
t^efaniitmad)inia be« ^^oÜ^eipiäubenlen in ?^erfin, ^Ibleilung IV,
betreffenö iJUMdjlaiinahir.e eineo '^MlDcibud)eö. Äufbebniii) eineo ;^eitimt)öüerböt6. Ikfamitmadjun.^ beft i-Xei^ieruiuiöpäfibenten in A'iiinffurt, Cbcr,
betieffciio bie Ö-in^tchuna von Wrunbflficfcn jiKVinüen befl
Vanbca f'ieuf;en.
^ratlic^el.
Xeutf(t)ed 9)eid).
^ e f a n n t n» a d) u n n-
'Jlnf C^hunD b.'ss ^ 2 Do« ('«hm'cüo« üb.t ^cn ^B i ^ c t r u f to 0 n (i- 1 n t> u i fl 0 r u n c\ <: n ui\^ bio :?l b e r f c n n u n g b e r b v' u : i il) . j: 3 t a a t * j n cj c t) ü r : j^ f i" t ooni 1 4. ,\uli VSXi (i^V^'tiM. I 2 4^h ii-TUno trti nii <s "u. :• ;<m n mit bvm iKoidivunniftor Ov-«? VUi*ii>or:M n t 'Uvitbi* iHnd)*« öniV'boi'flc biu" boutulH'U 3Kiat«iiuvb.'r if. it fiiv luiliiftiq, UhmI fu- biivrt) :'u *^^al).ii;.u, ^ i-i a v, n ^l l'Mi;l)t yii Iicue
fli'flon :Hi;it) unb 'i^jlt iMtti»!^!, b\ bcui;d)in '^oLingi' go' djaOii-;! l).ibon:
Tt. iMpf.'l, "»Ufu-ö. flob. .im 12. 9)uu^ Hs-2; ^ j i II l) .IIb, »Scuui. iV'b. am J'i, C ftoboi IST.'; II. "^ V c 1 1 1 d) v" i D, Üiubolf, c\<'\). a.n 2. ^Jioücmbcj
Ir p p i't i" i n , truivn, n^'b. .im 2.'». ^iin- H78;
,> al f , \>llfi\'ö, c\co. lim 4. Jvconuu \<K.
J^ j u dl t w .1 n ii i' i , Vum, ni'b. am 7. ,Vili H^^l;
ji ,> 0 c r ftc i , ;>ri.bi;d) ^iivai)din, gob. öm 2. ^n\\\
!<•;'.♦. 0. 'S K.' r l a d? , ^'•dnnm), pob. am 2. Jvi'biuar lsr>0; Oi n b l f 0 , Cilfv\bi', (}cn. i)iutl) Jy:id)a, gob. am 11. Xe*
(''^ t 0 r> m ii " it , Muvt <\dy am 21. OJiat 1"<'.>7;
i"»') t i i' M n \> f t , VUbat, ivb. am 2s. ^\u[\ Ih'O,
Oi u m bei, limtl. n^b. am H. ^ult is'.H ;
.'C'a n V m j ji n . 'iüilbolm, geb. am 21». Cftubct ISdG;
■\> i' rf v' i t , /"vuibndi, n«."b. am 2H. üJini^ 1884.
■'C^ ü M . 'JDiar, i^b. am 1 4. C ftobot 18.s<.»;
Tr. >{ 0 r r ,'l'Ufi\'b. n-'l'- ^^i" 2.'.. Tc^;mbot H'h :
l' 0 b m a n II ' ^i u il b if l b t , C tto, g^b. am 1 . '^.y-
iiiiai H7;i. Ü.K a n n , >>:'ni;d), flob. am 27. "JDiar^ H71. 'JUi a <j l 0 lü * f ! , t^'t^t. ivl>. ^1«" 2.'.. Vlpi l 1 <»:r ±K u n w » b 0 r fl, *IiMllnliii, flib. .im 1 4. Vliuiiiü HHO; i'i i- II m a II n , \\mii; 'iiviiui, iicb. im •*. ,\n\\ r.»<»2, 'i* U" d , iliMibilm, flob. am ;J. ,\.iiiaat H7i»: 3 a l v' m ;' II , '^i'iibi'lb, fliit. o-Kob, jvb. am 12. To.
ivMllb.T l-^'-H; 2' d) 0 t ö 0 m a ii n , 'iMiIipp, (\:b. am 2«". .'Inl- H«'..', • 2 dl 10 a i i f dl : I b , VatpJiö, t^b. am .s. Iijiinbor
l'^'n.
2 1 c r .• r t^ lüiai;, n-'b. aiii 11. .^»iil- I--i7;
2 t a m p f i- i , ^ii.bnili, (\^b. am H. i^ptomboi H74,
3 Ol l i i , biiifi, )Vb. am 1. 3\",i'iiUn'i l>'.i.l
?i J u li) ii 1 t^ f ! , .Sdiu. f|ib. am !• .\aituu l-<'»<»,
<l^' I »i . '^aiibaiö, iv b. am :;«». ^^^iili H-^ti,
ti» i- ' M m a II It . JHobori. t^b. om :J. /»jnn I-^»'/.»,
^i^ .' 1 •, Ct:i\ jV'b. am 1!» i^piv-mba JsT.j;
? i "h^ i' r I b a lU- 1 , ^V'l)iiiii, j^'l» i>'" 2'i. .Ynniar
Ta« "♦k.-i;iioa.Mi bii-i\'r ^Voifoiu-u u>Mb b'vimit b.'f.lil i<iiiahmt Tu' 0 in :d)iMbiiii(i b.niil'i'i. iiiiui.iUvt J.r '^i-iiiiM b;i biiit- fdit-ii iiaatvv.iiiat'liiuififiti auf r'>aiiiilu'ii nii]«Ooiuv' aii^tV'bvbiit ttwib, bliihf innbibalfi'H
<*oii!ii, 5»ii 2.1. ^iiii-mfi r.»:::i.
Tel ?Hvtdi>iiiiiiitii b»'it ."»iiiuin.
,\ i'
i' i u II b f II w r
H f i 0 r n II II II A
Ubri Oif Um 1 ••iImiiiiiij flfl^^^•r *h*'ili i nr .ich bei bft •^iti' Im iiii.j bfi \'\Mil)ichif HCl.
«iif <v„i,„h 1,011 5 M -.Mb» '1. Ü S* bfA ^».ledifflftfuet «K^ri^f« vom VI ^nU t'.i«) mtio folflciior« b<|ununt.
§ I.
^(x Umredbiiuitfl ber in einer aiiberen aT9 ber 9tel4«n>5bruna au?^^f^l^^cften 5li.Vd>lelfiimnifii ftiit» bei ber i^erccbmiiiki tcr iÖeAlclfteuet tür Me «udbftebenben Söabrunflen ble babei an^eflebenen ä)/ittelro«te tutuiinbe |u legem
'.'leiU^fteii 1 9)funb 14,30 DiiW
\!lt,ientiiiien •.«••• 1 »I^apien^efol— 0,44ÖJoIb»
|?elo) . 0,90
1 3Vlfl.if=-5beIa. granc«) 0,.'>8
1 D.ViItfi» 0,24
1 TcUar .••••••• 1,—
1 Dtupie • • •
• • •
3^eltilen . , , i.Mraiilien . . i.Hti{iiij.öcn^fona . • . 5{^iitiid5'Ofttiitieii .... 5^nttut'<2uaita*3ettle.
mciits
9^ult)aiien .••.••• 1 iVu (^aiura . , , 1 <Di?llar .
• • • •
1,10
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Tänrniarf . • • t • • • X-inua ..•••••. (>'tlant> ^itinlanb
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1,70 0 03 2,1K) 0,25 0,65 0,K0 0,70
1 f(^o . ,
1 Mroiie ,
1 (^^ulten
1 .<lrone ,
1 Ul^arf •,...•.. 0,06
016
0,025
13,90
1.70
• • •
MLiiifui* 1 {^ranf
(^Uifdjeiilanb .•.«•. 1 (Tracbme
(>^tiMibTttannien 1 >;Vunb Gterllng . • • •
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3t.ilieu , « . 1 i'ira . . . •
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yutictlawlen .••••• 1 Iiinar
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^Vtii ....•..•• 1 2ol •
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3,10
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v2paiiien . . . J'iccfccfloivard -Jiitfci ....
lliMarn 1 ^J^^ngd
Union ber (2ojiaIlf(if4en
(ioivietrcinitlifen ... 1 neuer (Hubel (Vio Jfd&er*
nonei) . • ,
Hruiiuau 1 fi\o ..••••••.
Ü^ercmitite «Staaten bon
^iliiicnfa 1 XoWix ..••••••
§2. Slnbere al8 ble im ^^ 1 bejeti^nefen SBäfruHkien n^ciben nadb ?.^?.it';,iabe Ce3 >^ 4 ^Jlbf. 2 ter 9luffril'riitit^rbefttmmunflen jum ^iBedsleU neiu'tafU'ü üom 20. »JJofember l'JJJ (l'iei*t<nniniftetialbl. \c>. 651) uii',ifri.\tnft.
§ 3. T:e '^'crortniinfl über bie Uiiiifitniinj frember ©äf^ruiiiien bei ter 5}*e 10*11 II i^jj rcr »liJecblclHeu.r vom 1. Sunt l'JiJ il^tcicb»« mimitcrialbl. •^. 302) ivtrt au'.iebcbeii.
§ 4-
(Tie^e 'i<erorbiiiinii tritt am 1. 2iTttmber 1933 in jltaft.
3^erlin, ben 2:\. 'iUum VJXi.
Xi\ !Hcid)ominiiter bcr Ainan)cn. :,V 'il. : V e b b t M iv
5W'ili!i, ben 2.'.. 'il\u\m VXW.
2jafi)Jifd)e VUneiliiiui ber iHeidiibanf.
£ P e e i .
^* e f a II II I III a d) u ii iv
II b i- i 1 I 1 (1 e III e I II i Ir i h o l) ii n ^ b e ö ^\ a b r e 0 •
f 0 i II Im » II It i i d) tvv
Auf i^Wiiiib bvi Ulli bmdi b»n t^irat in ber 2:butiii am
21 i.pii'iiUM l'.t;;,' eiMlieii Crnnii(t)l;iuin.i bejfiiiiiiu- id)
iiiiM '.Iboiibennj^ bei ^\i\U\ \ U iiuiiKr <*efaiiiilina(1)iin>i
vom 2«; iepumba \\K\J V 7I02 2V.»7 II « - fulqeiibe*:
oiiii.ibalb be* ,V»brk*bi.iiiu\d)l* loirb mil riidioirfeii
Ni Uiafi tiir baj '^^itiub^jubi l'.«;L':i:i bat bejonbeie
oaüie*bi.iiniid)t fiii bie vvifMluHfl uoii Wuriibiaiiiilioe.n
(0«iiji''«turiib(cuiiie(^i) Ulli 5ei iii | tf;;a 5v« ib(aitutw»iii>
mono|)olflefc^« öorflcfebcncn ©irfunß auf 25 .^unbertteiH bc« ri'flclmä^inen fiic bie 'Verarbeitung t)on itoin geltcnbeK ^reniuccbtd erhobt.
!i<crlin, ben 24. Vlufluft 1033.
9teid)«munppolbeiiualtnng für 'ViannUuein.
J^ i I m D c r b 0 t.
Tw öffentlidjc 'ilorfiibrnnq bc« 5l<ilbftreifen«: „Wel Tnft (Tie flelbc Ai^olle)", 1> Vlfte = 2207 m, ^ntrflflfteüeti ^ietro ('•iuibmon lUianev ^vüni H. (^., iPerlin, .?)orfteUeifl U)ietro (Holbiuijn 'JDiaoer, ?ltncrifa, ift am 22. 5>lufliift 1033 unter t^kiifnummer 34 3;J3 üerboten lüurbcn.
iöerltn, ben 24. «iifluft 10:i3.
Tcr i'citcr bor ;^i(mpriiffteUc. 3 i m m c r ni a n n.
Vten^tn.
^ c f a n n t m a c^ u n g.
?luf C^rnnb bc^ § 7 ber 5l?eii)rbnnnci bei Öerrn '^ddit* präfibeiiteii ^um Zdjii^e be« bcntidjen 'i^olfc« uom 4. J^ebruat 1033 babe id) On* ^^ilberbuc^ „Cf b l c ^i a rf t b c « t", 20 VbotD- fliapbifdje Vlufiuibmen Don Vottc i)errlid), 1. '^anb, öerlegt
poni ^urora''^<crlan, Treöbcn'©cinböbl-a» tw ^rcufjcn loegen (5Je|äl)vb»ng oon 2lttc unb Änftunb bcfcblag- nabint.
'^^•r(in, ben 21. «luiuft 1033.
Ter "l^ülijeiprafibent in 93crlin.
^. H.: tu x WC lt.
2< < f a n n t m a db u n g.
Ta^ lim 17. ?liignfr 1033 anf Wriinb bei § 9 «bf. 1 Ziffer 5 uiib 7 ber 'i^eiorbnimg bei iHcidböpräfibenten uiw id)ube be« beuifd)en thUa vom 4. ;>ebrnar 1033 (d{iWL yii. H 2. 3."» ff.) aui?nefprod)enc 'i^erbot ber in 35erlin cif(bci« nenben pcriübifd)en Trnrffd)rift „^ n b i f c^ e iR n n b f (^ a u" lüirb mit füfDitiper 'iiMrfung aufgebübcn.
i^erlin, ben 24. «nguft 1033.
Öebcime« 3taatepüliieiamt,
'^ c f a n n t m a d) n n g.
«nf ('•kiiiib bei § 1 ba Wefetjed iiber bic Cin^iebung fDmmnniftifdH'n '^^erniogenö uom 'Ji). ^JJiai 10:i:j (?tW*l. I 3. 203) in \iUvbiiibung mit bem ("»iefe^ iiber bic ttmvebung Oolfd« uiib ftaat<vfvinblid)en 'Vevmogen« Dom 14. .^nli 1033 (:»i<'<i'vH|. I 2. 470) nnb ber '|<reuf<. Vlu6fiibrung*öerorbnnng Pom 31. Wat 10.33 (("»iefebfnminl. 2. 207) n)irb ba« Eigentum an ben Wimibftnden
^ciwb II '^Matt l.'»2/'.i^aiib I '.HIatt 4 im Wrnnbbudi üüit
lii'libiK^ 2pvemberfler 'i^oiftnbt, '.i^iiib IV ^.^lao 140/\»^aiib V \Hlntt ir)2 im (Mrnnbbnt^ iHMi .Wlenmib, tfuieiiliimeviii: „'J)^ufifd)c t^o\li' ft;miite (*»i. m. b. Vv", (i'iWtbii*, '^*aiib II \{Matt 72 im (>Wiiiibbiid) Oon ^in\\, ^hnt*be\irf 2tabifieid Tko\\\, Irifleittumeviii: ,A'iinfi$er t^olU» Vituiui nnb \l<eilanvbiid)baiiblniui C^. m. b. S>." \n Tinfl,
^^<aiib \1I ^^Maft 1.".«^ im (^Wnnbbnd) üon ;viinftnrt (Cbei) 3taM, Irinentiimevin: .,;vvanrfnvier 'i>er- laaoivfellftDaft m. b. .{V in ;vroiiffurt (Cbcr),
\»^aiib IM x'Matt 84 im (Mvuiihbudi Uon Vanb*lHrq a. b S. '.l'iiilil. \!<iuft, .sfuio Vaiib^biig a. b. 'h^. tfiqen« liimerin: J^\. in. b. .^. yieumarfifcte« Wlf^blatt" III Vaiib>>berrt n b '.{IV
Tvionffnif (Cbcr), ben 17. «njinft IIKW. Ter ^eqi.rnnnvxprafibenl. ,V «.: UN a r I i n i u •.
9{i(f)taititii(f)e<(.
I »* »Vtri ubft bic «i^icbfitKTfifUMna aufarMtrr VanbCiHI«
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TttJlFNONI MUMUV HILL a.«700
CABLI AOPRISi "WltHCOM, NKW VOIIIC*
The American jewish Committee
386 FOURTH AVENUE
NEW YORK, N. Y.
CYRUS AOLER. Prtsldent
ABRAM t. ELKUS,Hon'yV(c«-Pftsld«nt
iRVINO LEHMAN, Vic«.Prtsi4««it
OFFICERS
LOUIS E. KIRSTEIN, Vic«-Pr«tldtnt SAMUEL 0. Lk'IDESOORF.TrMiurtr SOL M. STROOCK, Chairman, Ex«cutiv« Comm.
MORRIS D. WALOMAN, StcrtUry
HARRY SCHNEIOERMAN, Assistant S«er«tary
SIONEY WAtLACH, Diractor, Educational Oap't.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
CYRUS ADLER CARL J. AUSTRIAN QEORQE BACKER JAMES H. BECKER JOHN L. BERNSTEIN DAVID M. BRESSLER FRED M. BUT2EL LEO M. BUT2EL JAMES DAVIS ABRAM I. ELKUS LEON FALK. Jr. LOUIS FiNKELSTEIN
Phltadoiphia. Pa.
Naw York, N.Y.
NawYork.N. Y.
Chicago. MI.
Naw York, N.Y.
Ntw York. N. Y.
Datroit. Mich.
Datfolt, Mich.
Chicago. III.
Ntw York. N. Y.
Pittsburgh. Pa.
Ntw York, N. Y.
PHILLIP FORMAN ELI FRANK
Mrs. M. L. GOLDMAN S HENRY I77LES0N lOUIS £. KI«STEIN SIDNEY LANSBURQH ALBLRT D. LASKER EDV^ARD LA2ANSKY FRED LAZARUS, Jr. IRVINQ LEHMAN SAMUEL D. LEIÜESOOUF SOLOMON LOWENSTEIN
Tranton. N.J.
Balttmort, Mü.
an Francisco, Cal.
Naw York. N. Y.
Botton, Mass.
Baltimora. Md.
Chicago, Hl.
Brooklyn, N. Y.
Coiumbus. Ohio
Naw York, N. Y.
Naw York, N. Y.
Naw York. N. Y.
JAMES MARSHALL LOUIS B. MAYER GEORGE Z. MEDALIE LOUIS J. MOSS ^.rs. DAViD DE SOLA POOL JOSEPH M. PROSKAUER MILTON J. ROSEN AU JAMES N. ROSENBERQ SAMUEL I. ROSENMAN WILLIAM ROSENWALO MURRAY SEASONQOOO JESSE H. STEINHART
Naw York, N. Y.
Cut vor City. Cal.
New York, N. Y.
Brooklyn. N. Y.
Naw York. N.Y.
Naw York. N. Y.
Chaptl Hill. N.C.
Naw York. N. Y.
New York, N. Y.
Qraanwich. Conn.
CIncInnati. Ohio
San Francisco, Cal.
EDGAR B. STERN HORACE STERN ROGER W. STRAUS LEWIS L. STRAUSS SOL M. STROOCK WILLIAM B. THALHIMER FREDERICK M. WARBURQ SIDNEY J. WEINBERG WILLIAM WEISS MAURICE WERTHEIM JOSEPH WILLEN HENRY WINEMAN MORRIS WOLF
Naw Orlaans. La. Philadtiphia, Pa.
Ntw York. N. Y.
Ntw York. N. Y.
Ntw York. N. Y. Richmond, Va.
Ntw York. N.Y.
Ntw York, N. Y.
Ntw York, N. Y.
Naw York, N.Y.
Naw York. N. Y.
Dttroit. Mkh.
Philtdttphla. Pa.
Dear Hr. Schwarzschild:
December 23, 1940.
I have yo'.iro of the 19th and am very happy to leirn thc.t you have laade a con^^jenial connaction which nakec it unnecessary for you to follow throu£';h on the
Gueprenheim l^iemorial Pound.: bion.
•-DO
My best wishen to you in your nev/ unüertaking
n.
Ci "^ ri 1 "^
biMcereiy youi-^3,
^L-.^>/^ ^^^a><ta^T^^
rt
.^ir. Lieopoxa bcüvvcrzsc
Hotel Colonial,
51 Vv'est 81s t Street,
New York, N. Y.
IvlDW
Idld,
I I
Doc.lO. 1940
Amc^rioan Jewish ,'^06 lourth /vv.
Coroiaittoe
D e^'. r Iv'r • VJ n 1 Ann nn :
i.>ono v/oeks fico,^'ou and T"r.r;cuneif'erraonn v/cr^-j }:incl fjnou^;h to introduco ne to the Johr fUnon GugGonhein ^ emor.lril joundation^^^nd to rocormnend ne Tor h tv^iio\/nnip on acoount of n book 1 ..nnte(' to \/rite,
] feel obli^-ieci to inrojTi you tiiat i coulo inforn the rcoTotnry Ox the i ouncitition tociey tluit f OTtun^itel'/ tho m ttor c<-n bo filed^^-pv"! ng come to ?m ^^/:;reen(mt ith f* l^ubliGhim.^- ilousoi^my probleTi covil ' br» aolved In n noT":f'l v.ay^
Mavarthaler.n I nhnll not i'or^;,et tho lind int er est ith vhirth 3'ou rnd rr«3ohnoicier:i:in ^ra-itad tha c^uestion and I thank you vory nuoh«
7(:ry Liinoercly yours
Leoooid t>ohv;nrzrchild
s
TBLIFHONC MUlUUV NttO. 1-6700
CABLI AOORUS •WitHCOM, NKW YORK"
CYRUS ADLER CARL J. AUSTRIAN QE0R6E BACKER JAMES H. BECKER JOHN L. BERNSTEIN DAVID H. BRESSLER FRED M. BUTZEL LEO M. BUTZEL JAMES DAVIS ABRAM I. ELKUS LEON FALK. Jr. LOUIS FINKELSTEIN
The American jewish Committee
386 FOURTH AVENUE
NEW YORK, N. Y.
CYRUS ADLER, PrMidtnt
ABRAM I. ELKUS, Hon'yViM-Prtsld«nt
IRVING LEHMAN, Vtc«.Pr«tld«nt
PhlladttphI«. Pa.
N«w York. N.Y.
NtwYork.N. Y.
Chicago. III.
Naw York, N.Y.
Naw York. N.Y.
Detroit. Mich.
Datroit. Mich.
Chicago. III.
Ntw York, N. Y.
PIttaburgh. Pa.
N«w York« N. Y.
officers
LOUIS E. KIRSTEIN, Vlco-Praaldant SAMUEL 0. LEIDESDORF, TrMaurar SOL M. STROOCK, Chalrman, ExacutNt Comm.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
MORRIS D. WALDMAN, Socrttary
HARRY SCHNEIDERMAN, Aaalatant S«:rttary
SIDNEY WALLACH, Dirtctor, Educational Dop't.
PHILLIP FORMAN ELI FRANK Mr«. M. L. GOLDMAN HENRY ITTLESON LOUIS E. KIRSTEIN SIDNEY LANSBURGH ALBERT 0. LASKER EDWARD LAZANSKY FRED LAZARUS. Jr. IRVING LEHMAN SAMUEL D. LEIDESDORF SOLOMON LOWENSTEIN
Tronton. N.J.
Baltimore. Md.
San Francisco. Cal.
Naw York. N. Y.
Boston, Mass.
Bsitimora. Md.
Chicago, III.
Brooklyn, N. Y.
Columbus, Ohio
Naw York, N. Y.
Naw York, N. Y.
Naw York, N. Y.
JAMES MARSHALL LOUIS B. MAYER GEORGE Z. MEDALIE LOUIS J. MOSS Mrt. DAVID DE SOLA POOL JOSEPH M. PROSKAUER MILTON J. ROSENAU JAMES N. ROSENBERG SAMUEL I. ROSENMAN WILLIAM ROSENWALD MURRAY SEASONGOOD JESSE H. STEINHART
Naw York, N. Y.
Culvar City, Cal.
Naw York, N. Y.
Brooklyn, N. Y.
Naw York, N.Y.
Naw York, N. Y.
Chapal Hill, N.C.
Naw York, N. Y.
Naw York. N. Y.
Graanwich, Conn.
Cinctnnati, Ohio
San Francisco, Cal.
EDGAR B. STERN HORACE STERN ROGER W. STRAUS LEWIS L. STRAUSS SOL M. STROOCK WILLIAM B. THALHIMER FREDERICK M. WARBURG SIDNEY J. WEINBERG WILLIAM WEISS MAURICE WERTHEIM JOSEPH WILLEN HENRY WINEMAN MORRIS WOLF
Naw Orlaans, La. Philadelphia, Pa.
Naw York, N. Y.
New York, N. Y.
Naw York, N.Y. Richmond, Va.
Naw York, N.Y.
Naw York, N. Y.
Naw York, N. Y.
Naw York, N.Y.
Naw York, N. Y.
Datroit, Mich.
Phlladalphia. Pa.
November 12, 194.0
Dear Dr. Schwarzschild:
In accordance with his promise to you the last time you v/ere here, Mr. V/aldman wrote to Mr. Roger ff. Strauß requesting hira to help you to secure the necessary entree to the John Simon Guggenheim :iemorial Foundation. Enclosed is a copy of Vir. Straus» reply to Mr. T^aldman^s letter. You will see that he has sent a copy of thls letter to [vir. Henry Allen Mos, secretary of the Foundation, who is therefore prepared to hear from you. I suggest that you telephone ^i^. Moe»s office and arrange for an appointiiient with him.
With best v/ishes and kind regardb, I am
Verj sincerely yours,
Dr. Leopold Schwarzschild Hotel Colonial 59 West 81st Street New York, N. T.
HS/G
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ROGER Vr. STPj^üS
120 Broadway
Kew York
November 6, 19^0.
Mr. Morris D. V/eldmon,
The Americön Jev/ish Committee
3^6 Fourth Avenue
New York City.
Dear Mr. Waldman:
I have yoiir letter of November 4,th, concerning Dr. Leopold Schwarzschild, who is anxious to m6ke application for a fellowship in the John Sinon Guggenheim Memorial Foundrtion. Dr. Schv/arzschild should communicate wlth Ur. Henry Allen Moe, Secretary of the John Simon Guggenheim T'-femorirl Foundation, 551 Fifth Avenue, Nevf York City.
The Committee on Selection, which is made up of outstanding educators make the decision as to which applicants? should receive fellowships. They have the entire say in the matter, and the only function of the Board of Trustees, of which I am a member, is to lüok after the financial affairs of the Foundation and to mcke sure that funds are available for the fellowships.
I am sending e copy of this letter on to Mr. Henry Allen Voe, tnd am sure that every consideraticn will be given to Dr. Schwarzschild.
Yours very truly, (Signed) ROGER W. STPJiUS
TRaFALGAR 7-2000
Sl WEST eiGHTY-FIRST STREET
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IN THE MATTER OF THE APPLICATION
- of -
I t s
FOR IMMIGRATION VISA TO THE UNITED STATES :
X
To the American Consul In
STATE OF ! CITY OF COUNTY OF
)
) SS
j deposes and says :
That I am a resident of the State of , residing at
__, being duly sworn.
County of
., City of , in the
That I was born in
on
That I am a Citizen of the United States by birth by naturalization , certificate #
OPi
, issued by
Court , on
That I am concerned about the welfare of my friend, , who was born in
on
and is residing at
and who is anxious to immigrate to the United States to join me. Although I am not related to
I am very much concerned about his welfare and have a streng sense of moral responsibility towards him, (explain interest)
That I hereby assure the Honorable American Consul that I will prop- jj erly receive and care f or the said
' upon his arrival in this country and I will not permit him to become a il public Charge upon any Community or municipality.
That as proof of my financial ability to assume the above responsi- bility, I allege as follows; (documentary proof is hereto attached)
1, That I am (give occupation) ,
2. That I have an annual income of
3. That in addition I have assets valued at $
as follows:
Insurance $ Cash surrender value $
Bank Savings
Real Estate worth $
Assessed at $
which is free of encumbrances ©xcept for Other Assets
4« That I have dependent upon me for support ;
That this petition is made by me in order that the Honorable American Consul abroad will visa the passport of my friend,
Sworn and subscribed to before me
this
day of
19
X
IN THE MATTER OF THE APPLICATION
- of -
FOR IMMIGRATION VISA TO THE UNITED STATES
To the American Consul in
STATE OF CITY OF COUNTY OF
) ) )
SS
deposes and says :
That I am a resident of the State of , residing at
, being duly sworn,
County of
, City of , in the
That I was born in
on
That I am a Citizen of the United States by birth by naturalization , certificate #
Court, on
, or
, issued by
That I am concerned about the welfare of my friend, 9 who was born in
on
and is residing at
and who is anxious to immigrate to the United States to join me,
Although I am not related to
I am very much concerned about his welfare and have a streng sense of moral responsibility towards him. (explain interest)
ü
That I hereby assure the Honorable American Consul that I will prop- erly receive and care for the said
upon his arrival in this country and I will not peroit him to become a public Charge upon any Community or municipality.
That as proof of my financial ability to assume the above responsi^ bility, I allege as follows: (documentary proof is hereto attached)
1. That I am (give occupation)
2. That I have an annual income of
3. That in addition I have assets valued at as follows:
Insurance $ Cash surrender value $
Bank Savings
Real Estate worth $
_Assessed at $
which is free of encumbrances except for Other Assets
4. That I have dependent upon me for Support;
That this Petition is made by me in order that the Honorable American Consul abroad will visa the passport of my friend,
Sworn and subscribed to before me
this
day of
19
AUFBAU
Leading and Largest German Language Weekly
Serving the Interests and the Americanization
of the Immigrants.
Manfred George, eoitor
Herrn Leopold Schwarz schild Hotel Cojonial
81 st tjtreet & Coliimbus •*ive. New York City
11. Dezember j940.
^ehr geehrter Herr fc>chwarzschild:
Vor einigen l'agen suchte lans der Zeichner Alexander Sanaer a\if und bat uns, ihm mit üdressenmateria] an Hand zu gehen.
Da dieser Herr sich auf Sie berief, moechten wir, bevor wir etwas unternehmen, Sie hoeflichst anfragen ob Ihnen Herr Sander als einwandfreie Persoenl ichl^eit in politischer und genereller Hinsicht bekannt ist.
Mit bestem ^aniL fuer Ihre prompte Rueckaeusserune be- gruessen wir Sie
Hochachtung svo3
Manfred George ^
Edltor
M3:TP
Office I 15 EasMO*h SiTcct, New York City .... Telephone: MUrray Hill 4 -0192-0193-0157 ~~ Published by the German - Je wish Club, Inc. •
Deo. 19p 1940
Dr^IInnfred Gc-org
Aufbau
Vo Säst 40 str^
Ilevv York
Sehr ßüehrtor Korr Dr^Georß
Auf Ihr Gchroibcn von ll.Deo. mocciite loh Ihnen erwldorn^düss ich von der l'uverlneesig- koit und ::inv/nndfreiholt cos Uerm öandor uc berzou^^t bin^Ich raooo)ite in dem Oradi^ fuor seinen Ghrrnkter buergen^in (le . ein llensoh Ui?borhaupt in (?or Lage ist fuor Gon Choraktcr ein-c anderen 7U *
buercen^
lol^ iTioeo^itö nicht -T-Gr^^ohv/oigenjdnsij loh iim vor et. n fuonfsehn Jahren i : einer Lnye kennen lernte, In rtor er nlt den deutschen Ger,etz durch un2luec]:llc:;e VcirVettungen in -on- fl.-'.kt s^ekomraon v.-nr.Ich aucs dns sagen, darf Sic aber bittn, niemanden, auoh ihn S(!lbst nicht, 7,u zel;^en,dnss aio dnr wi; sen.y.ber laenschon,(:ic nn ihn glaubten,- darunter aer Oh<2f des deutschen ütrafvollzucs,i)r. Finkein;. toln,-.iiolten ihn Tucr ■ert-ooffont lieh l'Uer ihn einzutreten und ihn heraue- zupaukea.Ich habe ihii dann zur Grur^ndung
«Iner Sxistonz verholfen,habe ihn Jahre lang aus (!er Nache boobaoatct^habe ihn auch nach Hitlor unter ch n versOi;iedcnr.ten ümstaenden ii:iraer wieder unter die Augen bekoiimen und kann sagen: der f.^ann ißt all rieht»
Ich be^inier^so r.ie
er^ebenst
212 Fifth Avenue, New York Oity, MtirHill 3-6358
ALLIANCE BOOK CORPORATION
JS^lfih cUvcKiie, Alew Ijotk A. 7/. 'JeleyLate: <UlfOiUf^U 4^1290
CABLE A00IE8S: ALLBOOKS NEW YORK
SALES REPRESENTATIVE: LON6MANS, GREEN & CO.. INC
December 17th 1940
Mr. Leopold Schwarzschild Hotel Colonial New York City
Dear Mr. Schwarzschild,
Sorry I couldnH speak to you on the 'phone yeeterday, tut I would likb to discuss yoiir book with you again, even thoijgh I must say that I am not so much in favor of it.
In any case, however, I don't want to hold you up in gettin^ in touch with other p\ib- lishers, and since I will be lusy today and tomorrow, I would rather return the outline herewith.
Will you be good enough to call me up on Thurs- day so that we can make an appointment for the Weekend to discuss this matter in more detail.
With kindest regards,
Yours siiicerely,
hgk/lh
K, Gr. ioppe
alliaitce 3oo;
enc
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Berta Bornstein
27 WEST 06TH STREET NEW YORK CITY
October lo, 1940
Sehr geehrter Herr Schwarzschild,
anbei die Abechriften der Briefe und Cables, um die Sie heute gebeten hatten •
Glauben Sie, dase ein aueführlichee Cable an Ihren Vertrauensmann in Lissabon nicht einem Clipperbrief vorzuziehen wäre^ Der ^rief könnte günstigen Felles in 10 Tagen in Lissabon sein^und die Zeit ist kostbar
im Moment •
Würden Sie so liebenswürdig sein,Hnd das Cabel nach Lissabon aufzusetzen ? Und dürfte ich es dann in Ihrem Namen an den betreffenden Herrn schicken ?
Ich danke Ihnen für IHre Bereitschaft, und ich habe mich wirklich gefreut, Sie und Ihre i'Vau kennen gelernt zu haben. (Welche Bemerkung anders zu bewerten ist als :)* I was so glad to meet you. *•
Kit den beeten *Jrüssen Ihre
/Äji^ y^^^e^lMfe^
't/;
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EA8TERN REGIONAL OFFICE
ANTI-DEFAMATION LEAGUE
OF B'NAI B'RITH
122 EAST 42nd STREET
NEW YORK CITY
SUITE 803
TELEPHONE MURRAY HILL 3-0920
October 7, 19iiO
National Officersi
SIGMUND LIVINGSTON.
CHAIRMAN
RICHARD E. GUTSTADT,
OIRKCTOR AND 8ECRETARY
Eastern Regional Officki
LEONARD V. FINDER.
OIRECTOR AND 8ECRETARY
6 ' '( (j
Ur. Leopold Schwär zschild Hotel Colonial 51 West 81st St. Wew York, N.Y.
Dear Mr. Schwär zschild:
In Mr. Forster's absence, yoiir letter has been referred to me. If you would like to come in for an ap- pointment, I should be happy to speak with you any time toward the end of the week. Will you please be good enough to telephone for an appointment.
//^
7
Sincerely yours, Benjamin R. Epstein
BRE2JIF
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Sehr geehrter Herr Beok-gran^
Booten Dank
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fuor Ihre Zeilen.Dle Sache isit. ira Aug^nbliok nicht spruchreif ;ßeGebcnenfalls v/ill ioh
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AUFBAU
Leading and Largest German Language Weekly
Serving the Interests and the Americanization
of the Immigrants.
Manfred George. Editor
2 .Oktober 1940
Herrn Leopold Schwarz schild Hotel Park Plaza 50 West 77th Street Nev/ York City
Sehr geehrter Herr Schv/arz schild:
Ein Herr Oscar Honig aus Chicago hat an uns geschrie- ben, um Ihre Adresse und die von Dr. Schiller Marmorek zu erfahren.
V;ir moechten Sie nun anfragen, ob Ihnen die Adresse von Dr. Marmorek bekannt, und ob es Ihnen recht ist, wenn v/ir Herrn Honig mitteilen, dass wir bereit sind, sov/ohl an Sie als auch an Dr. Marmorek Briefe weiter- zuleiten.
In Erwartung Ihrer Nachricht begruessen wir Sie
hochachtungsvoll
Secretapy
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Office t 15 East 40fh Sh-eef, New York Cify .... Telephone: MUrray Hill 4-0192-0193-0157 Published bg the German - Jewish Club, Inc. — -
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TRafalgar 7-2000
Sl WEST EIGHTY-FIRST STREET
WewYomk
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FACING-L.AND5CAPED-PLANETARIUM -GARDENS AND M USEUM - OF - N ATU RAL - H
I STORY
Greta Beigel
184 iVest 80 Street New York City TR 4 5468 September 14, 1941
Dear Mr. SchwaHBchild,
during the monthly clean-up of the mess on my desk I came across your manuscript which I retum enclosed, since it seems just possible that you might need the Grerman original one day.
liiay I also usejt this opportunity to thank you ior the ^ 2o.oo, duly received; and to remind you that I am still and always eager to translate anything you might have written.
Has anything been decidec- yet about the publication of the book?
Sincere;iy yours,
G/eta Bei
/
TRAFALGAR 7-2000
v,\
kV.';."'
Sl WEST EIGHTY-FIRST STREET
ß9^t.ll, 1341
• in let:^ter '^eit bin ich Mt Land:*off mehrffiCli im^ unsren Streit aus dem Jehre ToIiMveiae-nloht-mobr 7;u rechen ^elroriTen^ Ichi Lßte ihn gGra^t^dase die I^rinne] ung clrr^n biolit. zu t'^en^n c^hoert^auf die \oh nra $tolzest(:n bih^
.:r ;ipt rj;iic;i {^o fragt ^v/nrua io: Linon das niolii euoii selb5?;t so^z^.^wrj^- loh finde, er ];at rocht, r>o bolcenric ic;. in a.ller i'X^ei- willlßiceit^dnsp loh nir bovAinst bin, den "£:ens de Ic nooure" driririic voTLoTiin Uxul uebür-xmrvoos re'^cie^^t y.u haben^'^oln r;«^fuehl war r.u irritl.:rt fuor aen Anlr.Bs^unö ueine Gprae/ae cu.sser'^e'i noch zu irrltlar^ fuor nein CTet!^6i*l,
liOi\t In unsrrn !'eticr,clr£;c ß etwa»
tinc' en Ist.^.bcr Tic sollen vvenli^steüc v/isFcrjö-^ßB or^ mir loid tu-»..
Ich h^rf ;'e, ^InsB r?io r.aclio bo^jr^b m oain kann ^\m6 he-^rxieBso Hie
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aufrioiiti^ Ihr
Leopolci SoIiv/arr.GOhild
FACINO- LANDS CAPEO- PLANETARIUM -GARDENS AND MUSEUM -OF- NATURAL ■ Hl STORY
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Althou^h the idoa is most tempting, I ara so heuvily overloaded ^vith naterials already scheduledt that I cannot absorb it. Sorry for the delay«
•H-MIB .OIIKfRat^-lLM MUiRl^l-ißW
mmi
n[lU YO k K CITY
H. A. LA HZ NE R.GENERAL MANAGER
et R.CLE
7-8000
CAiLE ADDfkESS
PAKKCENT
SEVERTH AVenUE
55 TO 56 STREET
PRIVATE OFFICE
12. Januar 1941
Herrn Dr. Leopold Schwarz Schild Colonial Hotel 81 Street & Columbus Ave New York City
Sehr geehrter Herr Dr. Schwär zschild:
Ich war einige Zeit verreist, habe Sie nach meiner Rticlckehr angerufen, doch waren Sie z.Zt. nicht im Hotel.
T/ie verabredet, s^nde ich Ihnen anbei einiges Material zur Durchsicht. Ich bitte höflichst um Ihren Anruf unter obiger Nummer.
Beil.
nEUU YORK
IIJORLD'SFAIR 19 4 0
Mit besten Empfehlungen für: JAKOB B^GLAS
im Auftrag:
Dr. Viktor P(/lzer
//
*'
'jf ^■\-4-
TRAFALGAR 7-2000
51 WEST EIOHTY-FIRST STREET
Jan, 19th 1941
. !
Mr#Davifl Bemcteln Council for Denooraoy ?.85 Wadlson Av» N^Y.Clty
i-v*>«
Deor Mr.Bernstein:
Thank you vnry much for tne
Interest with whioh you have llßtened to Miss Freund, and for your v/illingness to help us
in our efforts, ^ *>,« ^^
T enoloso a oopy of the ex-
^°° " In the meanwtiile I happened
to see friends coninG from South America,and I v/as surprised of the iraportnnoe they attrl- buted to the revival of tho paper Jromjihe South American point of viow.Already when the Dauer nppeared in Paris, it hocl raany nnd IJ- fluentiol Dubscribers in South Aiaeiica,althoxife.h it arrived v^th a delay of weeksjlt seemo now that the nnti-totalitarian oircles of the very iraportant Gennan and European element ovpr there laiss porticulnrly keenly the exis- tenoe of intolleotual means to continue their struggle in a not too eympathetic atriosphere ?n^ too svripHthetio towards the USA either) and oonfrantod with a tremenaoua totalitarian ^ Propaganda, ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^^ touohed in t the eTpoß«,! want to raention it hero. For
I '
PACING - LANDSCAPED -PLANETARIUM
GARDENS AND M USEU M - OF - N ATU RAL - H I STORY
TRafaLGÄR 7-2000
H
5 1 WEST EIGHTY-FIRST STREET \^
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2.
Mr. David Bernstein N.Y.Clty
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eyery additional olarificrtion I; am. of oourse. alv/ays at your disposnl» • j • V
Thanking you in ndvajioe I ara.dear Sir, .. ^
sincerely yours /
/
/ /
Leopold wSoh^ar^.sohild
FACING-LANDSCAPED-PLANETARIUM-GARDENS AND MUSEUM -OF-NATU RA L- Hl STORY
I I
*/'■
To whoL; it «ij cono^n: M^*/
I,ijfcopolti ächwarasvhiid,living at
•>•
U) f^^^ -^^'--^ uaLli May 194'- I was ^.aitor^al, Paris, Pj^HUce^uf '^JüS neue T«gc**i>uch^',a.ii. ^;;uti-;iä.zi ^uei^iy i:^ tiu;
iniiuuiaiui oi Its i^aiicult i^as read la aii thc rr^e cou;.-
vity and r€;^.t..tatiOä of Uli: i^ro- ^liu Aati«-hiti-.ritc3 thrau^.n-
jö a good üeai oi' thlii^s üwar^a thc st.ge in the - i,>ht to ster. tue Na^i-ticie ii^ Auä tria.it diso &ii.eared vhat he ?iii iu muriaiy i'<,x.ition3 v,xth tht fori-.tr GtriuÄD Ch -nce^iür, ■Dr..-Jrut'iaiiig, aow a profc-bso:- cvt harvoru i,üivcriii.j,, ftuo aftt^r bis esca^c- fro. üe. ii^i^ay «v.s ror a tU-t his gutst iu Lugaiiö.
»• - ' ■
• - - .»•*■•
jwdr:' Uic äqual tuict; ol ...r^i:.rettaa€r ^hen hc vi^it^d Pa:is« ,
T-'c viraxaUSf tvMicky -.» T-U'^i^^r ia Caüö-ä^ -i^Äu *% Cnii^adli^i* i,it,. -:,e'Xi^ ^ho hrxix eiÄC..^a bei. 4 arre t€^u aui >,robabi> üiura^r^^a ;.a ^^ Uie a<.y qjl' Ciic Xv;ia>U6 iiu^^*^- *^^ Jui*c ivi^^i, -üvi li-ä 4-o.iAu^w?u to fxi.c to U.glaau»Axttioat,u 4^ forw^.r üi^ri.au--v^t i.ciauii^i.,hc
x> way in *-i.ici\ ijc s^okc oi' ur.iirtt;.uufci. viaü to tLt creait oV Ui iat^ßr•
-;) Proia that aa^ uüti^ «i.ou.t l^l>7 i b>ut ui .iJitawYU<;r — ho^ßierüV'.- r,tur2iv.- . out t.o bu «. Jtvi— *'aui" oi Tive tli^cj^ trvcry t^iu. 1. t'aris..u. cci. t^ ..y hcuse or i CÄi-lfeti ou hiß.
othcr Ai.t.i-J*afiiS,tt« vü-ibxj i„rcici-rfe<i U-Oä-. wiih a rijihtist coior^bat th.U w . «üt t;;^ci.v,^4.v«.i iß«ut foc inatÄwce in nia coi,i;,3ini' thti ruri^t:'./ üuri..&ö *.i.ii-.tuX' of F-n-.uci:,---x,hi^rt.;iä."4;* a uoci.j.liat, -.hü in tüw i.;,Äüi^*iiie,iiv.Äe uc-tiü» i-üu,!:; s bt-i^a extraditci. Lj Uiti Vichj--'jov€;ia>t'X*t ta tti« Citstt-fp Äiai ha» ^•c.^t:..lttfcU s .leide" i.- iiOüK; Cert^i. 4ax~.0xi tl-u: othor hatjci . •- Dr. rcttüutir iiitruaaccu tu ae Lir.Herri-aiUi *.äusciuiltig,teiiv hau fccen thf; .uiüj.--. c3ia..nt of tht L'unzig ier^te,but *Ähü oX' iü-S owi wio.! h^a t>rux-!..ii .ntu uitx-..i" -i>**a hii yaxt->',ri«.;iXi& l'ü-^^t to Föia-MO. , thaji to Frauce, a:^ wiio ii. a^vc.r:;i ix-ü-.i h --3 ^iovt-d ti^,..t hc i.. a hoiiü-t r«;i,tntant cii^u a Vcry v«uaoiu voict iu thu iiiint afou..iist iiit..eri:it. Ln;'oa.äi-w>ut tht- ^or^d.
(5) v.hcI^cVvr I spoke .itii i;i'fcttöuer,eith«-r a-out oijin Cv-t.pari^',tnc: t:u£>at-*ct u-- rX^ exc^aaxVv.li )«ä5 üiti^rx-är-^Ui«.:; iosslbiiities to ao üa«.agt tu Uiiii. rtfoiJi.^ ia sic^s^ai.;» j to •
bar lt.. ^i3.;uii;t.xi:& i-o.oai anu i^utcri.a sucofo.-res in othür
co;uitriesj;aiid,«lWVüi ai.i^to tm ke the i:.uroier:xi Govcr*rjs<?nts
aeucc ciJT a tits^te ctrtaint> of i%h.ch v.%r.i: Iroii thc bo- giimliig axiouiOtlc to v<ii a£ ..ii*l £iU.st a.su m-ntion th-t Brett.-uer r*evcr sho;%4ru an^ lütere^t in the tuoxre conßiaen- ti^ii u€tail.3 of L^^ ^>^ov^,L^o% für irj^ütaiiCt: 1:.. th^. s^^uixc^i of iiiy iAirori^atiuiiS^foreivii:; f : lenü^ihlis ctc»
tioruThls ».ndc . z^ni^: u^^nthy i.:.ttvv^
V7) I hnre i^ct seea D^* Brett uer .nc h^'e not haa
kno^m c,Ia . ki^o^ j-rt^cticriily lÄOUilix^, o ?ii^ cthur aspc,ct ci* hi;> li.r«i*Bat a.; tw j.olltics,ai> li^^preöslui* of ttii;. -it Uxe OvX.'ÄaiiAiiS ixi ^hicti I r. t hiii.^^'^ai th.-.t ]ux>r.t •icfinitivcij. hr ^as a hater of iittieri^iB and ivcr^xiiing It öt a^lB foi* And iUlthow^h Ujc; tfci^u;: ^u:l3 of .efus^ec: aw oti^^-rvi e%;.cU oUicr vc-r>' tiejhtJL^ trveu accroiiii ti:ic iifrei* -ut baracrij, arui are e*trv>Ui%;iy .:US} Icious ol e.ct. otha^r, azid ave ttore lnv.jLinea to exui^iicratxoii ux-^ii to lv;ül^.ri.cy iu tiiis x^e^ipect^ I Ccumot xH^^:^i;j)>bcr ta»t it ^ver oc^jurr^^d to tx- iu all thtse iearSjan in that cer*tre of itifori^atlon.s \^hich
(ö) 1 b...i.icv*. tht..reför€ tL t^baseü on i:-y .crsoiiai fitad,! can i,t te that tho possiblXit^^ of ->r« er 1 1 taxier ' Ji
l'^o • n to i>na svib ^ - r a bea o-,- f or t:> i^-i thls . ♦ • ^ • #day
>
To whoin it may concern:
I, Leopold Schwär zschild,living at Keve york,51 West 61st Street, statelessjdo hercwitli certlfj^j
(1) From i9.5 uiitii iay 1940 I was eüitor,at Paris, Praace,of "Das neue Tage- Buch", an auti-Wazi wcekly in the Ger^an language.lliis weekly was cunsldereu to bt the most influentiai o£ Its Kiuu.It waa reaa in all tiit free couii- tries of Eur^pe and w is fai.ly v.exl inforiatid of the acti- vity and rei.utatioa of the Pro- ana Antl-Hitivrltes throu^h- out LurOi-e.
(ü) In this capaci y I heard iu XäZZ> of a Dr^brettam-r . a formtr partner of a big Vieimeae firm, nov; living in a princely r^tireuient at Lugano, Sv.'itzerxaud. He was said to do a good deal of things behind the stage in the right to stein the Nazi-tide in Auotria.lt al;iO ai^i^e^red that he wa^ in frienaly r^lations \A<ith the foriuor Geriuan Ch ncej-lor, Dr.liruening, now a professor at Harvard University, who after hls escape froa Gei'i&ani' was for a tix-e his gutst in Lugano»
(3) Somc months later,iii 1^35 or la34 er even li^.^5,1 ande the aviuaiiitance of Dr.ür et tauer when he vii'ited Paris» He was iütrouuced to me by the former Gen-an kini;iter TrtviraxiUSjtoday a fhrü.er in Caxiada and a Canadian Citizen, ihho had esca^jed heilig arre >teu nnd probable iiiurucrod on the day oi' the faiaous 'Purge" of June 1&34, and h..d uianaged to flie to Lugland.Althouüh a forüiur Gferaian-Natioaalist,he unüoubt> dly was a trust orth>- Anti-Nazi, na the very friena- ly way In which he spoke of Dr.ßrettauer was to the credit of the latter.
i^'i) Froia that däy untii aüout l;i37 I mct ür.Brettauer
v.ho,morover, turne., out to be a Jew — four or five times,
every time i.. Paris. he caii. to :-y hüuse or I cailed oa hiin. In iiiost c .ses he ^rought along or was in the coiSianj of other Aiiti-i'iazis.H»; viüibly ^^referred thosc v^ith a rightist color,but that wa. not exciusive.I met for instance in his coiüpany the former Gori-an a.lniater of Finance,Dr.iiilferding, a äocialist, who in the ßieauwhiie,suaie ii.o..ths ago,h-s bt-en extradited by the Vichy-uovej.iui.ent to the üt;Stai.ü and has «Cuiitiiiitted suiclde" in some Gerxüan 4aij..0n the other hand Dr. i-r et tauer introduced to me Dr. Herrmann riausclining,v.ho had been the üazi-President of the Danzig Senate, but who of his own will had broiven with Hitler and his party,fleing first to Polana, than to France, and who in several booJis has proved that hfe io a honest repentant ana a very vduable voice in tne fight against Hitlerism throughout the world,
(ö) 'rthenever I spoke with i3rettauer,either aione oi^fln company,the subject nc-rly exclusivcly was Hitlerism; the possibilities to ao daibagt. to that regime in Ge^i&aiij} to bar its disquieting luoral and aateriai successes in other
•^
k
ii^
countries;aiid^above ajJL^to awake^ the iAiropean Goverximejxts and public opinions to a better reallzation of the l/tjaai- nenee of a i»ar>tiife certaint^' of wh:.ch was fi^oiü the be- glnning axiomatic to all xiM us.I imst also mtntioa thit Brettauer never showed aziy interest in the more confiiden-- tlal detaiis of my v^orü^not for iustaiice in the sources of my Informatlons^foreiga frlexiüshlps etc.
(6) In a certain moment^^heti u,y we^üly haa a deficit, and when this v^.as repox^ted to hiin^he offered withoui; any advantage whatsoever to hiiüself a smail lüonthly contribu- tion^This endea some n^onths later«
(7) I have not seen Dr .Brett uer and have not had any conimunication Aith hiu. since^I oe±li.ye,l'^<.^7,rxna I havt- known ana kno/» pracLlcally nochint, o. suay other aspect of his iife*3ut ao to poiltics^ia^ impressioa of him at the occasiOiiS in whxch I mct hiiü^was that juiost deiinitively
he viiis a hater of Hitlerisia and everything It st^^uds for. And although the thousmas of ne^xigoes do obscrve each other very tightly even accross tne differ nt borders, and are eAtreaely suspicious ox each other^ and are aore inclined to exaiigeratxon than to lenlency in this respect, I cannot reiuember that it ever occ\ixred to lüe iu all these years^anwj in that ceatre of Inf orü^at Ions which was xay Office jto hear Dr. Brettauer 's sincerety as an Anti-**aÄi queotioned by anyone*
(S) I beiieve therefore th .t^based on my personal ixapressions and on üiy experiences i.i rnat pertlcular fieid,! can State that che possibiilty of Dr. ^rtt tauer 's Antl-iiiazisin not oeeing geauine seexas inlaaginabie to Uie^
of
Swo n to and subs^-^ribed before lae this.#....day
». - ..
*• .'
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ROBERT BREUER
230 West 97 Street, Apt. 6D
IVew York City
New-rirk, 22 . 9 . 194o .
Sehr t;0ehrter Herr Doktor: -
loh lese im ''Aufbau^' über Ihre gliiokliohe Ankunft in den VereinijSten Staaten. loh freue mioh darüber aufriohti-j und hoffe, daß Sie mir über den /erbleib metner Cousine, Grrete?reund, vielleicht ir^-endetwas mitteilen könnten.
loh sÄlbst hatte von ihr zuletzt Post nachEnglaid erhalten, welches meine erste Station nach V/ien war, loh wäre Ihnen auJ3erordentlioh dankbar, wenn Sie mir mit- teilen könnten, ob (Jrete Freund vielleicht auoh schon in USA. ist oder wo sie sioh befindet. Und falls dies nicht möglich ist, vielleicht wissen Sie etv;as über vx . üarina Birman, die ich durch meine oousine eben- falls gut kannte. Ich danke Ihnen bestens für Ihre Llühe und bin mit herzlichen ürüiBen Ihr
er;4'ebener
t
,1
I
'i/u^. ^^
'. 4^-
ROBERT BREUER
230 West 97 Street, Apt. 6D
New York City
Sept.26t}i 1940.
Sehr geehrter Herr Diktor,
Für Ihre freuadliohen Zeilen und angenehme Auskunft über den Aufenthalt meiner Cousine danke ioh Ihnen beatenä.
Da ürrete freund meine Adresse nioht besitzen dürfte, darf ioa Sie bitten sie nach ihrer Ankunft zu er innen, mir * zu schreiben, da ich gerne mit ihr zusammen- treifen würde.
Ich bin mit den besten W:inschen
Ihr ^Qhx ergebener
Robert ^Breuer .
I I
75 WadBworth Terrace, Apt.A53 New York City
(Phone:L0rraine7-4283)
September 24,1940
Mr.S.MtSohwarzfcichild 1359 5lBt Street Brooklyn , N#Y»
Dear Sir:
May I ask you the favor to forward the enolosure to my colleague L.Sch.ae quickly as you poseibly oan?I like to em- phasize that tbe letter öeale with a matter of the utmost im- portanoe and that any delay raight eaeily prove detriraental to the addresaee.
Thanking you in advance for your kindnesa in complying with my request,! have the honor to be
Mo^t yincerely yours
Dr. Rudolf Brandl*
Enolosure
I I
75 Wfac^öwortb Terrace, Apt.A53 New York City
S
'3o
84. September 1P40
Lieber Kollep-e - In Ihrem ureigensten Interesse sollten Sie auf diese Zellen andero reapieren als seinerzeit auf meinen nach Paris gerichteten Einschreibbrief »der meine Bereitwilligkeit aus= drfJckte.im "N.T.-B." das Treiben der hiesigen KorarauniBten deut= \ scher Zunge nach Geb^lhr zu beleuchten. Eine nicht alltägliche Ver=. kettung hat mir unlängst einen positiven Beweis daff'r beschert, daß die O.M.Graf »Manfred Georg und Konsorten eifrigst daran ar= beiten,Sle auf amerikanischem Boden - zum mindesten moraliüch und materiell - zur Strecke zu brinjren.Das von diesen Burschen angewandte Verfahren ist ebenso ziel8l«J|er wie diabolisch und dej halb habe ich mich gleich nach der angedeuteten Entdeckung be= mnht,auf einem Umweg mit Ihnen in Verbindung zu treten, um Sie zu warnen und mit Ihnen zusammen einen erfolgverheiBenden Gegen= stoß einzuleiten, Da der bezeichnete Versuch scheiterte, habe ich heute nachmittag bei Ihren Verwandten in B'lyn angerufen; weil ich leider auch bei dieser Gelegenheit den Eindruck empfing-, daP Sie— in unbewußter Verkennung der tatsächlichen Situation»- die Bolle des Unerreichbareb weiterspielen wollen, greife ich denn also in die Tasten, um Sie vielleicht doch noch aus ihrer - wie gesagt: der Lage keineswegs gemäßen! - Verborgenheit herauszulocken.
Daß ich Ihre Zur'Mckhaltung psychologisch durchaus verstehe, das /flrfen Sie mir flauben.Ich würde Ihnen auch nicht ff^ollen, wenTOhnen bei der Lektüre meines heutigen f »^^i^^^^'^^^^J^J?*^ der Verdacht auf stiege .daß man Ihnen hier eint P. He ^" «^«^^^^ versuche. Um diese eventuelle Vermutung zu erledigen schlage ich ihnrM;?mit vor,sich durch JeUphonischen Anruf unter LOrraine 7 - 4283 (Vgl. das Manhattan Directory) von der Echtheit meiner IdJesse zu überzeugen und dann mit mir eine ^Zusammenkunft zu
Adresse
vereinbaren, die unter ganz v
stattzufinden hätte.
on Ihnen zu bestimmenden Umständen
7u einer solchen Begegnung — Daef ich nochmals geltend raa- zu einer sui-ouci «. » ^^ ^ ^ürde ich Dokumente mit=
it welchem Nachdruck und
„lohe» Bl.iKo «r »f "• »»"»"".°^: '?"er?oohten h.t.AuS.rd.m t. Ihr« Sache f f«" «'" "°=^?S:^ inefungtfählgen technischen f„"/.?Vr"nf :t:;ur?ort«?.un. ae/.T.^-Buches. zur Ver=
Apparat fü
fi^gung zu stellen.
in der Hoffnung,öaß Sie die ^^^'^^^J^^f *^^*^\7^^^^,^^^^^ ich Ihnen aue redlicher Kameradschaft heraus hier zeige, ver
bleibe ich
Ihr ergebener
^ inr crgcuciicx ^
Dr. Rudolf Brandl (ehemaliger Bedakteur der "frankfurter Zei- tung" ;von 1932 bis 1934 Archivleiter und Ober bibliothekar des Ullsteinhauses).
I I
TELEPHONE MURRAY HILL 3-6700 CABLE ADDRESS "WiSHCOM. NEW YORK"
CONTEMPORARY JEWISH RECORD
RKVIK^IV OK KVK^'T» A OIOKST OK OPIÄTIOÄT
PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE
OPFICERS
CYRUS ADLKR. PRCSIDENT
ABRAM I. KLKUa. HONORARY VICE-PRESIDENT
IRVINO LEHMAN, VICE-PRESIDENT
LOUIS ■. KIRSTKIN. VICE-PRESIDENT
SAMUEL D. LKIDESDORP. TREASURER
SOL. M. STROOCK. CHAIRMAN. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
MORRIS D. WALDMAN. SECRKTARY
386 FOURTH AVENUE. NEW YORK, N. Y.
EDITORS
MORRIS D. WALDMAN. SECRETARY
HARRY SCHNEIDERMAN. ASSISTANT SECRETARY
SIDNKY WALLACH. DIRECTOR. EDUCATIONAL DEP'T.
MANAOINO EDITOR ABRAHAM O. DUKKR
ASSISTANT EDITOR ALLEN LBSSER
Noveraber 20, 1940
Mr, Leopold Schwarzschild Kotel Colonial 51 VVect ölst Street New York City
Dear Kr. Schvv'arsscrilld:
T re Tet tho-t T have to return vour article to you. It VV8S iiiy understanding that you v/ere to v/rite on the backgrouiid of anti-vSemitism in Fr^tnce, 'Tith par- ticular emphasis on the men vvho constituto t-ie Vichy government aud pre^^ent r^.clal legislation. Your article, imfortiinately, does not deal with thin problem hs \7e agreed it shoiild,
I apologize J^'or retnrnlng it to you a r/eek after its receipt, but I had to work on a subctitute article — on a differe.it topic, of course — "or the cur- rent issue of the CONTEiiPORARY JEfilSH RECORD and I did not have the time even to dictate a letter.
I hope to vSee you next week and discuss the possibility of your writing another article on the orig- inal topic vSuggested.
Sincerely yours,
Abraliam G. Düker
■^i.
II II
TELEPHONE MURRAY HILL 3-6700 CABLE ADDRESS "WISHCOM, NEW YORK'
CONTEMPORARY JEWISH RECORD
PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE
386 FOURTH AVENUE. NEW YORK. N. Y.
OFFICKRS
CYRU8 ADLBR, PRESIDENT
ABRAH I. ELKU8. HONORARY VICE-PRE8IDENT
IRVING LEHHAN, VICE-PRESIOENT
LOUIS K. KIRSTKIN. VICE-PRESIOENT
SAMUCL O. LCIDESDORP. TREASURER
SOL. M. STROOCK. CHAIRMAN. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
EDITORS
MORRIS D. WALOMAN. SECRETARY
HARRY 8CHNEIOERMAN, ASSISTANT SECRETARY
8IDNCY WALLACH, DIRECTOR. EOUCATIONAL OEP'T.
MANAOINO EDITOR ABRAHAM O. DÜKER
ASSISTANT EDITOR ALLCN LESSKR
October 14, 1940
Ir. Leopold Schv;arzschild Hotel Colonial 59 V»est 81st Street l\e\\ York City
Dear I'r. Schv;arzschild:
vrfbuld ;'0u be good enourh to cone in to
sce me Tuesday r.ftemocn about the article f o r the
coi:Ti:rroi<AiiY jEuISh Iij:co:<^d.
Sincerely yours.
^^^-^^^jl^^l-*,^^ a7 aJ^WCIa-L---
Abrahen G. Düker
I I
COUNCIL FOH DEMOCRACY
285 MADISON AVENUE
NEW YORK CITY
MUrray HUI 3-2465
January 27, 1941
Mr. Leopold Schwarzschild Hotel Colonlal bl West 8l3t Street New York, New York
Dear Mr. Schv/arzschild;
I have discussed with Dr. Carl Friedrich, Chair- man of the Jfixecative Coiaiüittee of the Council for Democracy, the Contents of your presentation concerning the publication of the "Neues Tage-Buch", ünfortunately, the Council does not see its i/vay clear at tiie prssent tiine to be of assistance to you in this matter. A publication like the "Heues Tage- Buch" must, of necessity, be editorially oartiwSan, whereas the Council For Democracy must maintain a strictly non- partisan policy in accordance with its certificate of incor- poration.
I regret that there is nothing furtüer that I can do for you in this connection.
Sincerely yours,
^Iaa-v^
David Bernstein
DB:b Enclosure
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Daves, Nev/spaper Dellvery 1073 First Avenue Nev; York
Dear Sir:
Will you please s top deliverinp; me the New York Tlinea froin July, 1# on#
Sincerely yours
Valerie Schwarzschild
p#s
youUl find ettached tb/ this leLter check of $ U. for my subscrlption for the months April and May.
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October VI, 1940
Do^r rr.Didior:
Kc^ I colli f^ not roMCh you
by tolophono I have to wrlte you nnd to renind you Oi the retain-mnnuscript I handelt yov. ovnr to peruso it.Pleafle return it.It hos anyway in the menntiue boen shortentvi »partly filtored and Ic beeinc trenpln tacl.no in any cnse I don»t v/nnt tho ol''' Version to be offered to
nnybody.
V/e niüxit fi:x an oppoJntnent
for one of the noxt dnyc«
nincorcly yours
Leopold ßohwar7.SGhild
I I
Ootobor f^£nd,1940
fÄT.J.P.Diaier 17 KoGt 04 Str. N.Y.City
Dcnr Iv'r.Didioir:
«
A3 Bzveed^I send vou the oopy of tlio noto I aui sonding at tho sane time to ur^C eitstand a oopy of ny lettor Jro hin atj wcll^
/ \ I \v nilu vory iuuch appre^ ciote to Goo ^^ou T!;uraday or /rlday in the öfternoon*
Giixcurely yours
Leopold CchvT^rrcohild
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POREIGN REPRESENTATIVE
OF TWE SYNDICATES: ^ ^ ,^ ODHAM'S PPPSS, LONDON
Union Associated Publishers a.ly m^^ald lomdon
CHICAGO DAILY MEWS, CHICAGO
17 EAST 64th STREET REGISTER & tribung, d5S hoin£S
NEW YORK CITY . ^ ^ *•£ "^^^P^* PARIS
Telephone REgent 7-1946
Cables Uniassoc— New York
September 27, 1940
IvVr .L.eoDold Schv/artzscnild Coionial iiotel ColMr^bus Ave, and 81 Street New York, N.Y.
Dear Sir:
Te bave yist learned of ^/oar arrival In New York and woiild like to con^rat^ilate yoi on having safe\y arrived here .
7/e are v/ell acqaalnted vith tbe ma-nif icent articles whlch you publlshed in the oast, and wo iild verv mnch api^reciate your communlcatins «^^ with US at ;your earllest convenlence.
Thark you for your kindness.
phone
Yours very truly, y'j.V. Didier
JPD:BB
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AMERICAN ilNSTlTUTE CT
imott
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DR. GEORGE GALLUP
Dirtctor
1 10 EAST 42nd STREET NEW YORK. N. Y.
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Brooklyn, IT.T*, September 19, 194Ö. 4152 Bedford Avenue* /
Phone : Dewey 2 - 4924.
Herrn S. M. Schwarz schild, 67 3road Street, roora 2301, New Tork City.
Sehr geehrter Herr Schwarz seh i Id :
Von unbedingt vertrauenswuerdiger Seite erfahre ich soeben, das3 eine gewisse politische GruDi^e unmittelbar nach der Landung Ihres Vetters lieopold Schwarzschild begonnen hat, gegen diesen verdienten Publizisten in der boesartigsten 'JTeise zu in-
triguieren. '.7ie die Dinge liegen, erscheint es mir dringend geboten, dass sich L.S. sofort mit mir in Verbindung setzt. Las kann direkt oder durch Vermittlung eines Dritten erfolgen. Ich wuerde ohne Verzug eine - selbstverstaendlich mit allen Kaute len umgebene - Unterredung arrangieren, bei der L.S. nicht nur naeheren Aufschluss ueber die an- gedeuteten Machinationen, sondern gleichzeitig auch wichtige Finger- zeige fuer die gebotene Gegenaktion erhalten wuerde.
Mit der ausdruecklichen litte, diese Mitteilung als ebenso wichtig wie vertraulich zu betrachten, bin ich
mit besten Gruessen
Ihr
P.S. Sitte von meiner neuen Adresse und Telefon-Kummer Kenntnis zu nehmen.
Chcurman
Frank Klngdon
Treasurer
James H. Causey
Secretary
Mildred Adams
National Committee
Eimer Davis
Mrs. Emmons Blaine
Dr. Robert Hutchins
Mrs. Henry Goddard Leach
Dr. William Allen Neilson
Dr. Charles Seymour
Dr. George Shuster
Raymond Gram Swing
Dorothy Thompson
L. HoUingsworth Wood
u{/U^^^
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C^meraencu Ke
Co
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»metaencu r\e6cue K^ommiiiee
122 EAST 42nd STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y.
TELEPHONE MURRAY HILL 5-4813
September 2S% 1940
Dear Mr. and lilrs. Schwarzschild:
In our pleasure at grooting you the other eveningt we may havo falled to emphasize certaln detalls of Interost to you and to U8* I 8un therofore sendlng you thls Supplement ary note*
In the flrst plaoet may I rapoat Dr» Klngdon •s request that you glve US your address, and let us know If you change lt# This Ydll make It posslble for us to get In touch with you vAien news comes Inf or when we need the help you so genorously offerodt
Secondlyt may we have as soon as possibla your currlculum vlta both so as to teil frlendly people about you» and to complete our rocords#
Thirdf vre want to be quite sure you know that while your succoss- ful arrival In this country is due to the offorts of a great many people and organizatlons^ of which thls Commlttoe has the honor to be one of tho oarliost In actloni the visitor's visa you hold was obtained for you by tho German Labor Delegation backed by tho American Föderation of Labor». That Dolegatlon^s represontatlvo In the Emergonoy Rescuo Committee Is Dr« Rudolf Katz# Other lead- ers aret Siegfried Aufhaeuser, Max Brauer, Dr» Alfred Braunthal, Professor Alfred Kaehler, Ck)rhart Segor, Wilhelm Sollmann and Hedwig Hbohonholm.
Pourthf wo think we should remind you that in accordance with a reoent govemment rullngt you must regist er at the noarost post Office wlthin 29 days of your arrival here#
Pifth, if thera are probloms which puzzle yoUf we will be glad to be of what Service we can« Our flrst job, however, Is as it was before you arrived, to get out of danger the people who are still in Europe# Onco they arrivo in the United StateS| we must hand over to other agoncies the pleasure of helplng them get aoqualntod with this oountry# The 'National Refugee Servlcei l65 West 46th Street, has had long experlence in answerlng the q^uestions of those \*io have just arrived» If you go there, teil them we sent you, and ask for Miss Cecllla Rasofsky# She or her assistants will be glod to glve you all possible aid»
Again assurlng you «f our great pleasure at greeting you, we are
Vory cordially yours,
EMERGEMCY RESCUE COMMITIEE
MA/t
\\i^lJl
C/t\M^
MILDRED AD/J,1S, SECRETARY
October 1, 1940
Memo to Mr, Schwarzschild:
I am retttrning two letter of yours from Mr. Spann, together with carbons of thelr translation. Thank you veiy much for lending them to us.
V
Mildred Adams
C-Vl^t«-« — i
encl: 2
Chairman
Frank Kingdon
Vice Chairman
L. HoUingsworth Wood
Treasurer
James H. Causey
Secretary
Mildred Adams
National Committee
Eimer Davis
Mrs. Emmons Blaine
Dr. Robert Hutchins
Mrs. Henry Goddard Leach
Dr. William Allen Neilson
Dr. Charles Seymour
Dr. George Shuster
Raymond Gram Swing
Dorothy Thompson
(L^memenci
/\e6cue Uö
yenct^ /\eöcue L^ommlUee
122 EAST 42nd STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y.
TELEPHONE MURRAY HILL 3-4590
Oc tober 4, 1940
In reply please refer to: KALEL SVkim
Kr* Leopold Schv.arzchild Hotel Culonial 51 West eist Street Wev. York, ü.Y,
Dear kr. Schwarzchild:
I em wriLing to you in behalf of Ilt. Karel Spann for whom we have tried in vain Lo get alTicavits. V;e have tried a nuniber of people v.lLhout success.
I am enclosin- affidavits of support and a form for Uio affidavit of moral spon^^or.ship, end rould be graoeiul if you coidd obtain 'uhe affidavits as soon as possible.
' i 1
nie you ior your kind Cooperation.
IV,/v
Slnceiely yourr;.
'V
Ootobor 9,1040
Eraergency Pcsue Coraialttoe lr2 Käst 4% Str.
l.*?2 Käst 4 Newyor!:
Donr ?.!iss ..nrburß,
Hr,^ 1 ** ^ Thnnk you for your -
klnd letter about Mr.Karel Gpnnn.
t?S ;??« ,?® should not bcen ad:;:itted
the c'.oo vvoixld perhops revive.
Sincöroly yours
\
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Chairman
Frank Kingdon
Vice Chairman
L. Hollingsworfh Wood
Treasurer
David F. Seiferheld
Secrefary
Mildred Adams
Executive Assistant to Chairman Ingrid Warburg
National Committee Mrs. Emmons Blaine EInner Davis Dr. Robert Hutchins Dr. Alvin Johnson Mrs. Henry Goddard Leach Dr. William Allen Neilson Dr. Charles Seymour Dr. George Shuster Raymond Gram Swing Dorothy Thompson
€..
r\e6cue L^o
itti
meraencu f\e6cue y^omntiiiee
122 EAST 42nd STREET. NEW YORK. N. Y.
MURRAY HILL 3-4590
December 17, 1940
Mr. Leopold ^chwarzsehild Hq oel Colunial 51 West 61st Öi^reet New York, N.Y.
Deal* Ut. ^chwarzschild:
KE: JEAI^ van ZV.EHL
?;e have been asked to make application for a Special Emert^ency VxsiLor's Visa for Mr. Jetn van Zwehl.
Hov/ever, we do not know to whora to turn for references and documents. Can you give US any assisLance in this matter by telling us what you may ki~iO\v abouL Mr. van Zwehl, ov perhaps you may have a sugge^-cion as to whom we might approach for assistance in this case?
The nanje of Hans von Zwehl has come to our attention, end v^e are v;ondering whether this person is also knovin as Jean van Zwehl.
Any help y^u r::ay be able lo give us in this case will be appreciated.
Sincerelj yours,
EMEKGENCY nSSGUE Gu^ifJTTEE
/^^
Lotta Loeb Case Department
LL/b
9h
Chairman
Frank Kingdon
Vice Chairman
L. Hollingsworfh Wood
Treasurer
David F. Seiferheld
Secrafary
Mildred Adams
Executive Assistant to Chairman
Ingrid Warburg
National Committee Mrs. Emmons Blaine Eimer Davis Dr. Robert Hufchins Dr. Alvin Johnson Mrs. Henry Goddard Leach Dr. William Allen Neilson Dr. Charles Seymour Dr. George Shuster Raymond Gram Swing Dorothy Thompson
C.
r\e6cue L^o
itti
memencu i\e6cue y^ommiiiee
Jrncorpofatta
122 EAST 42nd STREET. NEW YORK. N. Y.
MURRAY HILL 3-4590
December 17, 1940
Mr Leopold Schwarzschild Hotel Colonial
Coliimbus Avenue, Bist. Stre^'t Nev/ iork, New York
Dear Mr Schv/arzschild:
HIAS informs us that your passage money has not been paid. We would very much appreciate your sending the am':)unt of $494.41 to them as s?on as p")ssible at the followlng address:
HIAS
425 Lafayette Street
New York, New York
Yoj will understand that it is very urgent, because we are anxious to bring those oeople 7;ho are still in danger in Europe over to this country,
Yours sincerely.
Ingrid Warburi
W:R
POC.IO. 1040
/ 1 « * . . I
iänerßenoy Koscuc Comnittoo Cnse Depr.tenont 1*^?^ IGost 42.otr.
K.Y.Gity
.'•'••■
Doar !;lss Loeb:
V/hilo I could give You some infomntion ou ITano von /-.wohl^I rm sorry to say thnt 1 nover before heard thc nrne Jenn van Zwohl.
nanr> von 7.v/ehl war. a nocinldenorrt jou7*nalist in Oeininny^Ke workori much for the ''Sozinldenokr tische reu ' llet on-ronf r renz'' «Mr.ntampf er and otr.er mcr.bern of t.ho ^"'»ocialcr^niocra.t pross murt knov; this phpfc of his life better than I.After Hitler he v/ent to JVrlß pnd frn:n tiiao to timo ho collnbornted v/ith artcles v;ii h t' e ''Neue Tago-Duoh'^.If nny- thing oould be done for hli.i^it v/ouldbo very^very much to be v/olconed.
I believe that "Jean van Zv/ohl'' coul^'' be n ''nori de i^uorre""*"-. in the truert r^ensc of the eTproßsion,-Ghoson by lians von Zv/chl to covor his nationality In fact 1 errienbor that I inet him once^ beforc or aftcr the outbrcak of the wur, that ho told mc sonething of a nev; job iiO wos to got rnd of the necessity to hide somohov/ his Geriaan dos^oent^Iiis offi- oial nntlonality in Frnnce was **Sarrois", if I remeiaboi well (Konrad Heiden lcnov/i>
tliis bettePt^'nä this foct nay havo facilitat id liis cariouflacG^or It rrioy have ceemed tliat It pocßibly could facilltat^> it.
In any case I am et Your dlsposi- tlon ^v/hv-^never You nood rioro dofcalls on Kanr> von Zwehi.
ßincorely Yours
Leopold Sohu'Qrzschlld
Chairman
Frank Kingdon
Vice Chairman
L. Hollingsworfh Wood
Treasurer
David F. Seiferheld
Secretary
Mildred Adanns
Executive Assisfant to Chairman Ingrid Warburg
National Committee
Mrs. Emmons Blaine
Eimer Davis
Dr. Robert Hutchlns
Dr. Alvin Johnson
Mrs. Henry Goddard Leach
Dr. Williann Allen NeHson
Dr. Charles Seymour
Dr. George Shuster
Raymond Gram Swing
Dorothy Thompson
L^meraencu f\e6cue
aencu r\e6cue L^ommuiee
Jrncorporai$d
itti
\corpt
122 EAST 42nd STREET. NEW YORK. N. Y.
MURRAY HILL 3-4590
December 26, 1940
Mr Leopold ^chwarschild Hotel Colonial 51 W 81st Street Nev/ York City
RE: ARVED ARENSTAM
Dear Mr Schwarschlld:
Can you give us any infonnation in regard to Arved Arenstsni who is applylng for an Qnergency Visitor's Visa to the United St^ites?'
According to the information we have, Mr Arenstain workcd for the '»8 Uhr Abendblatt", the "Vossische Zeitiing" in Berlin, the "Neue Freie Presse" and for the "Neues Wiener J urnal" in Vionna, He also worked as a foreign correspondent for leading German, Scandinc^vian, and S;viss newspa ers, living in London and Paris for many years.
Mr Arenstöm wrote many articles against Hitler and the Nazi regime, continuing his anti-Nazi activities in Paris and üeneva, Although Mr Ai-enstam escaped to Lisbon, he is in imniinent danger,
We are anxious to do ^Ahatever we can ior Arenstem. Any information you can give us about him will be aporeciated.
X ...
Thank you.
sincerel
LL:D
Lotta Loeb Gase Deoartment
ftt
Chairman
Frank Kingdon
Vice Chairman
L. Hollingswor+h Wood
Treasurer
David F. Seiferheld
Secretary
Mildred Adanns
Executive Assistant to Chairman
Ingrid Warburg
National Committee
Mrs. Ennmons Blaine
Eimer Davis
Dr. Robert Hutchins
Dr. Alvin Johnson
Mrs. Henry Goddard Leach
Dr. William Allen Neilson
Dr. Charles Seymour
Dr. George Shusfer
Raymond Gram Swing
Dorothy Thompson
C^memencu /"< eöcue
aencu Kescue L^ommlttee
JrncofporaUa
122 EAST 42nd STREET. NEW YORK. N. Y.
MURRAY HILL 3-4590
December 50, X940
Mr«: Leopold Schwarsschild hütel Colonial 51 West 81st Street New York City
RE: JEAN OR HANS VAN ZY^IEHL
Dear Mr »=>chvmrzschild:
Thank you very much for your letter of December 19 in behalf of Jean or Hans van Zwehl. We have ascertained definitely that Jean vöji Zwehl is the same as Hans van Zehl's. Jean van Zwehl is his pen name.
We have all the necessary information now, but we do not häve finanoial or sponsorship affida- vits. Do you know anyone whom we can contact in regard to securing these documents? Would you be willing to supply US with the affidavits?
Please be assured of our sincere appreciation for your interest in this case.
Yours sincerely
Lotta Loeb Gase Department
••
y
//
Chairman
Frank Kingdon
Vice Chairman
L Hollingsworth Wood
Treasurer
David F. Seiferheld
Secretary
Mildred Adams
Executive Assisfant to Chairman Ingrid Warburg
National Committee Mrs. Emmons Blaine Eimer Davis Dr. Robert Hutchins Dr. Alvin Johnson Mrs. Henry Goddard Leach Dr. William Allen Neilson Dr. Charles Seymour Dr. George Shuster Raymond Gram Swing Dorothy Thompson
C^merqencu IKeScue L^ommittee
^ncorpotaUd
122 EAST 42nd STREET. NEW YORK. N. Y.
MURRAY HILL 3-4590
Jimu?! ry 15, l^^l
Mr. Loopoli^ Schv/arzschild Hotel Coloniül 51 West 8l£t Street New York City
RE: i-rthur He^ye
Le;:r ivir. Sch'.'/rrzschild:
4
Vy'e hav^: been risked to .-^et some 'nformation rtbout '-^v. ^eye v/ho is ot the oresent tiine in £vv-it/:erlc;nd.
He is sunoosed to hrve _^ub]lshed ncny books on bis trr^vels in Afric:., Brazil, United Ftates, ?.nd oarticularly, Al.-ska* In r^ddit^-on to bis bo^kc, he is kno-'m r^s an rn-^'^rl ohoto- grapher. SoTie of bis books rr^:
"UnterwGfrs"
"Pech.'AfriÄenische Zufaelle" "Wanderer Ohne Ziel"
Three books appeared in the S.-^fari Verlr-r, TPrr'-19r9.
Do von h^^pen to know ^nythinp ^bout "^r* Hey^,? We ivould ^recitly cpprecictu nny informr.tion yo^i can rivc us,
Yours Y^sry sincerolv.
Lo^tf I^oeb Gase Deor rtment
L/R
r^^g^ 01
Chairman
Frank Kingdon
Vice Chairman
L. Hollingsworth Wood
Treasurer
David F. Seiferheld
Secretary
Mildred Adams
Executive Assistant to Chairman
Ingrid Warburg
National Committee Mrs. Emmons Blaine Eimer Davis Dr. Robert Hutchins Dr. Alvin Johnson Mrs. Henry Goddard Leach Dr. William Allen NeÜson Dr. Charles Seymour Dr. George Shuster Raymond Gram Swing Dorothy Thompson
C^metaencit Ke
Co
itti
metaencu f\e5cue y^ommiiiee
JrncorpoFaUd
122 EAST 42nd STREET. NEW YORK. N. Y.
MURRAY HILL 3-4590
J.-nu. ry l''^., ir'41
l\r . Leopold oohvvJ rzschild Hot'-^l Coloni.'.il £1 V;est 91i5t Ctreet N-iv lor'.: City
Fli: si3!u::i: LICPLKFR
Def.r Mr, iJchwcLrzschild:
?:e recoivcd ^n pn-^lic^ti^n in l^^lv.lf of ^.Ir. I'.speker for b special ^inereency vi::.itor's vif .
Ho was born in Turth, üer:-ri:ny, r.nd -.vc s h newcp' oev editor in v^rious cities. Irom <^tout l'^14 to 195^^, he w.--p clty editor of the K. SLi Li.T TjHLBLTT, K: -^,1, G-rm^ny. Frorn Mtrcli, 1955, he resided inr-^:.nce, i'ollo\.in-^ his flurht fro'i K..csel, he ^/.-f-s bronded -s .- tr?- itor b vr'ri:)U£ K: ssel ne7;sooOfcr£, : n.i hi:: broth-r, K- -1, -rs :^ut tr r n -)ncGntn tton c:.rnp%s an icconi-ilice and h-jsti.rc, cnd held lor ov-r th^-^e vears.
nill vou bc Rood enoup-rh to let us knov- ^^heth-cr yoM h; ve -ny additi-)nal Inioraati^n? ■"-: shall vxyr^vecUte hr3--rin^ fro^n you.
Please be assured of our sincere ta;. nks.
onr^
ry e^ince>"eiy
t >
Lott^ Loeb Cö&e L'eoartment
L/R
oigiM0i
January 23. 1941
ON
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Very truly yours
Blogranhy of Dr. Fritz Kaufmann, Jo\irnallst (Eewritten from Dr. Kaufmann' s o^Tn writing)
Name:
Born:
Married:
2 Children:
At TDresent:
Tritz Kaufmann
Vlenna, Austria, Au^st 16, 1896;
son of the late Felix Kaoifmann, lavn/-er in Vienna
Helen, f^au^hter of the T^elT-known Vienna snecialist for children' s diseases, 3mil Berggruen, W^ of Vienna.
P^t^r, bom Deremher ?0, 19?^1;
Ann Helen Elizabeth, born March 7, 19.?4.
Bnrolled in the ••31,'^me Comnagnie des Pref^tataires Etrangers'*, Foreign luxiliary Yorkers' Division of the French tony established during the present war, at Saint-Sauveur-par-Bellac, Hrute-Vienne, France (un- occur>ied) .
Mailing address: 26 rue Barbes, Bellac, Haute-Vienne, France (unoccupied)
1906-14:
1914-18:
1918-20:
1920-27:
Attended the Tranz JoseT)h Gymnasium" of Vienna, passing all grades with the predieate "excellent".
With the Austrian Army in the worl^^ war; r)ronoted as hi<?;h as to the rank of first lieuten^-^nt (Oberleutnant); fon^t at Pjissien, Eumanian and Italian fronts; decorated three times,
Student of law and economics at the University of Vienna; ^aduated a doctor of these scienc^s» I was narticularly attached to the ^orldr famous teachers, Professors LudwiiP- Mieses and Hans Kelsen, and stood in ver^'- close relation?^ to them "^or mpny V'^ars to follow, *^
Assistant editor and member of the staff of the iniT)ortant economic "öaoer ♦'Die Boerse'' of Vienna. This T)^ner stood in the first line in the strug^de for close Cooperation '^mong the Danubian states, and for closer relations with the Western Powers, I re-oresentec^ this -oa-oer at all of the imnort.«^nt economic con'^e^'^nces of the no^t-war r>oriod since that of GencB, . The Par*" s corres ^ondent of this laaner ^-^as M. Gfeorfgres Bonnet, its London correspondent Mr. Gilbert Layton of the "3conomi'^^t'' of London. I worked in nlose connection with the f^ntire st^f^ of this worldi^f^'mous oaper, ^n^ with the'^London General Press", fm article agency directec^ by its members. References: Messrs. Roy HosMüfi, Leonard Coult^s and Gilbert Layton, all of the staff of the "Economist'* of Lon'^on. Further references for this TDOTiod of ray life: J^rs. Henry Alling,, former Der)uty of the Austrian Parliament, now in London; Mr. Georig:e Tugendhat , economist, London, Mr. Hans Hock of Sin,R:er & Friedlaender. bankers, of London.
- 1 -
- 2 -
BiograT)hy of Dr. Fritz Kaufmann
1923-27:
1927: (November)
1928-33:
1929:
1931:
1931:
Memlier of the otaf-P of the Vienna democratlc daily ♦'Die Stundg", Pcting SS editor for forei^ policy, fiaancial ite:n5, f^ni rr, res-)onßible er^itor; slso, during a p^riod of six raonths (1926-27) erlitor-in-chief sjid emRiiager of the "Kronos Verlag A. G. \ Dublishers, anr^ of v: rious litemry reviewß, and member of the "board of directors of ''Steininann A. a.", Printers! I re^rei^ented "Die StiJnde" at all important r)Olitlcal occasione , including the sessions of the League of N- tlons. I ^as in contact with most of the political TDersonelitie s nnö prominent .joiirnalists o-^ Central EuroT)e, who will be able to ,p:iver ref^rences conceming the ^prt I plnyed In Austrian post-war Jo-arnalism,
Special re-f^erences in the United States: Mr. BilMe Wilder, and Mr. Anton Kuh, fo-m^^^r member of the st äff of "Die Stiinde", now at Hollywood; Mr. Gf>2e Hercze^^ forraer editor-in-chle^ of "Allgemeine Zeitung" of Vienna, now at Hollywood; Dr. Paul Stefan, former member of the staff of "Die Stunde", now in New York*
I left "Die Boerse" and "Die Stvinde" and founded the economical review "Df^r Erfolg", in collaboration "^ith the well-known British eff iciency exT^ert, Mr« Herbert N. Casson. Owi ng to its big puccess, it was decided to trpnsfer this review in the following year to Berlin, from where I directed it until it wds "gleichgeschaltet" (mrde to conform) by the Nazi governinent. (Refer-nce: Mr. üerb^rt M, ?fisson, 87 Regent Street, London) ^
Member of the ptßff of the Berlin democratic pa^er ü MM - Der Montag Morgen" (editor-inr-chief: the famous -»riter Leonold Schwarzschild, Ir-ter editor of "Das Neue Tagebuch".) I dealt there with social and political r)roblem?, finally as resnonsible editor, until the neT^spaper was suspended by the Nazi authorities on June 15th, 1933. References for thts period of my life: my collea^rps at that T>aper, the well-known writers LeOTPOld Schwrrj- achild, Conrad Heiden, Rudolf Haniel. I^eo Laiiia, Joseph Borns teyi.
I follo^/ed a ^all for a twelve monthsS contract as co-editor-in-chief , headliner r^nd city e-^itor of the newly founded "Neues Wiener Extrablatt" of Vienna,
My bock "Hervorragende Deutsche Wirtschaf tsfueiirer" (Prominent Leaders of German Economic Life) was r)\iblished by Josef Singer Vorlag, whlish^rs of Berlin; I ?^l80 direct#d for this r^ubl ishi ng house the nublication of p series of books entitled "Buecher des Fortschrittes lond des Wisrens" (Books of Progress and Science), and trsnslated sevP7-ftl books o-^ Herbert N. Casson and other British and American econo^ai^ts -^or them.
I was sent on a reT)orter«s trir) ar^-und the world by Rudolf Mosse Verlag, one of the big^:est Genn?=n newst^ar^er trusts. Visited Pussia, Manchuria, Northern Chin?, Corea and J'-^an and crossed the United Stetes. S-e «rticles in American newsnar^ers, e. g.: ^an l^Encisco Chronicle of JPuly 3, 1931, üage 7, column 1; San Pr^ nclsco Chronicle of July F, 1931, page 2, column 5; New'york Harald Tribüne of Ju3.y 5, 1931, page 7, column 1; New York Times of July F», 1931, page 13, column 2.
- 2 -
- 3 -
Bio^raDhy of Dr. Fritz Kr..Tifm©nn
1931-33:
1936
1933-36:
1936;
1936-37:
1937:
(October)
1938-39:
1939:
( SeT^teraber)
1940:
(February)
1940: (since APril ?3d)
Member of the rtnff of the Äemocratlc ^"ially "IP Ulir Blatt" of Bprlln acting as headliner p.nd, siace November 193^^, as co-edltor-in-chief . (Reference: ray colleague at that par>er 4iid In that function, Mr. Ralph M. HaabeTjg, nrvr of Santa Monica, California),
Brck in Vienna after the change of govemment in the Reir»h, I became one of the dosest collabor.^tors of the late Dr. ffasserbaeck of the Austrian Presp Department, very closely connected with Chancellor Schuschnigg' s strxiggle for Austria's lnder)endence. Idevoted mys'=^lf chiefly to T)roT)ag8nda of Austrian tourism. Being also corresnondent of "Der Morgen" of Vienna, I followed the Chancellor on his various trins to Rorae, Paris, etc, Re-^erence: Dr. Fuchs of the Austrian Press Department, now probably in New Yoik.
In col^aboratinn with Vorwaerts-Verle^, official t)ublishing house of the Austrian ^:ov'=»rnment, I fourided the illustrated paoer "Sf^lzb-urg IlTustrated News", edited in Gerraan, Frenchaid En^:lish, and mertjit to reinforce the cultural ties between Austria and tne Gestern TTorld. References: Max ReinhTTdt p.nd most of the other «^rtists ßjid writers connected with the Salzburg Festivals.
Eroert for illustrated r>ar)ers pt "Vorwaerts Verla,?", official Publishing house of the Austrian government. (References: the forra-^r editor-in- chief of that T)ublishing house, Dr. Leo Mar^itai^ now in London).
I foTinded the economic information agency *'Welt-'7irtschaf ts-Dienst", which was transferred frorn Vienna to Pra^cue on January Ist, 1938, and from Pra.^ue to P.^ris on Kay l^t, 1933,
Director of the Paris head office of the •'International Sxchange Service'', successor to the original ""S'elt-Wirtsc-hafts-Dienst**. References: most of the banking houses and dealers of France, Switzerland, Czecho-Slovakia, Austria, Hun^ary etc., who were customers of this s-^rvice, e. g, the Paris representatives of J. ^. Bache of New York, stock brokers.
Int^rned at Meslay-du-Maine , France
Set free by decision of the "Commission Interministerielle du Criblage". Retumed to Paris, where I T>ret>ared the re-activation of "International
Exchange Service^ , with the aid of the French Ministry of Information.
♦
Called to the French Army as "Prestataire*^ (member of the Auxiliary trouTD of "Foreign Workers), enrolled in the 313d Company of "Foreign Workers; still serving with that comnany at the r)resent time.
HfrbprY Menzel
1280 Lexington Avenue
New York, New York
SACRAMFNTO 2-741 I
JanüaRy 24. l 941
Mr. Leopold Schwarzschi lo Hotel Colon i al
Co
LUMBU
s Avenue and 8Ist ütreet
New York, New York
Sehr geehrter Herr Schwarzs chi loI
Dr. Fr I TZ Kaufma nn,
SEINERZEIT VOM StaB DES BERLINER I^<iVi - MoNTaG »vIoRGEN, hat um ein EMERGENCY VISA ANGESUCHT UND HAT MICH AUF- GEFORDERT Sie in diesem Zusammenhang um ein Referenz- schreiben Zu bitten« Es hand? lt sich im wesentlichen
EINE BeSTAETIGUNG VON OR • KAUFMANNS IhNEN BEKANNTER
UM
frueherer Taetigkeit
Dr
Kaufmann ist
MIT SEINER FavHLIE IN FRANKREICH UNO ES IST TAT"
saechlich von groeszter v^ichtigkfit fuer ihn das Land so bald wie moeglich zu verlassen. Ich hoffe daher, dasz sie meiner bittf nachkommen werden, was JA KEiNTRLEi Risiko oder Unbequemlichkeit fuer Sie
BEDEUTET.
'■^
ViENN ICH NICHTS
Gegenteiliges von Ihnen hoere, werde ich mir erlauben Wontag abends kurz nach 6 Uhr im Hotel Colünial bei Ihnen in dieser Angelegenheit vor zuspp^ e che n. Falls Sie eine andere Zeit oder einen anderen ürt vorziehen, lassen Sie es mich bitte durch Postkarte oder Anruf wi ssen •
Vielen Dank im V oh aus
Ergebenst Ihr
HUI
Leopolrl Sohwnrzsohild
Hotel Coloninl
51 \;est 81 st nt. Nev7 York
S T A T E M E N T
Dr Fritz KAUil/IAlM born 1896 in Yienna, Austrin, v/as from 1928 to 1933 member of tlie editorial 3taff of "LSI- Der Montag Morfjen'' in Berlin. I v/as the editor of that paper. Before he came to Berlin Dr. Kaufmann was member of the editorial staff of different nev/spapers in Vienna (the daily "Die Stunde", the weekly "Die Boer3e"). All of these papers v/ere strictly democmtic , struggled sharply ap;ainst nazism and German nationalisrn and the hatred of the nazis against those papers v/as such:^^' that one of the collabo- rators of these Viennese papers (Bettauer) vras assassinated by them in his Office.
There is no öoutt that Dr. Kaufmann, if he v/ould fall into the hands of the Germans, v/oulfl be an object of their revenge, including imprisonment and possibly death. In addition they would try to extract from him informations on people which viere in connection v;ith the strug^^e of these paners and if thej'' sucoeeded to squeez<? coiif essionj out of him, this v/oulö endanger other persons. It has to be mentioned in thic connection that Dr. Kaufmann returned to Vienna after the |j|ptionalsocialisiß^ came into pov/er in Germany in 193S, and became there a collaborator of the Austrian Press Department and aocompanied,for instance, %i^ Ghancellor Schuschnigg on his various politioal trips to Romg Ppris, etc.
I add that I myself v/as amongst those ^to v/hom the generosity of iVmerican Authorities granted an Emergency
Visa nfter the French collanse.
-^'ebruary Ist, 1941.
^
L c o PO 1 ci ' o c hvrr r s c h i 1 d
4
I I
c^.
memeyic
aencu
Keöcue L^ommittee
S
ncoFoopa
ud
122 EAST 42nd STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y.
Chairman
Frank Kingdon
Vice Chairman
L. Hollingsworth Wood
Troasurer
David F. Seiferheld
Secretary
Mildred Adams
Executive Assistant to Chairman
Ingrid Warburg
National Committee
Mrs. Emmons Blalne
Eimer Davis
Dr. Robert Hutchins
Dr. Alvin Johnson
Mrs. Henry Goddard Leach
Dr. William Allen Neilson
Dr. Charles Seymour
Dr. George Shuster
Raymond Gram Swing
Dorothy Thompson
MURRAY HILL 3-4590
January 29, 19itl
Mr. Leopold Schwarzschild Hotel Colonial 51 l^eet Slet Street New York, N.Y.
Dear ^v. Schwarzechild:
RE:DR. FEITZ KAUFMANN
lue have been approached to make appll- catL on for an emergency visa for Dr. Kaufmann.
We und erstand that durlng the perl od of 1928-J933, Dr. Kaufmann wa^- a member of the etaff of "Der Montag Morgen** whose editor-in- chief you were. It r>eeiiis that Dr. Kaufmann was associated wlth various perlodicals and neivspapers such as ''Die Boerse*', ••Die Sunde**, the **Kronos Verlags A.G.** and others, also a meraber of the Board of Directors of the '*St einmann A.G.**, a printing house. He was also sent on a reporter trip round the world by one of the Greatest Gennan newspaper trusts, the ••Rudolf Mospe Verlag** • He seeiDS to have had a very wlde experlence in the journalistic world, and we would appreciate your letting US know v/hether Dr. Kaufmann is known to you.
As soon as we hear from you we ehall be in a better position to judge whether or not we can consider this case.
Sincerely yours,
EMflGENCY PESCUE COMITTEE
Lotta Loeb Case Department
LL/b
»6
TRaFALGAR 7-2000
51 WEST EIGHTY-FIRST STREET
f«bnwry Ist, 1941
Ret
Dear UicB Loob^ ^
rrlts r^uftmim
I oertnlnly Imcw Dr* Kruftmnn« Ho bölonßeä to tlio oäitorifil ötofr of ny popor ''Der Tjontoß üor-rn"* ^fore ho v.-orlced In Vlenna for '•Dia ntnn e"^ nn<T ^Di Doorno'* on<! prob/ bly for othcr paporj too» Lator on I not hin ngr.ln in Prrto irtierc he told ao dotf^lln of hin nctlvitleß In thö sorvico of the Auotrlnn Proae Depcptnont#
noXatlvea of A¥^ r^uftonnn hnvo elroady askoxl öe ior tho ueurl StRtffisant and I enoloee it rl^iit iwmjm
S
inoerely Teure
Loopold •-'chvmrzoohlld
j
1
RAC ING-LANDSCAPED -PLANE TA RIUM - GAR DENS AND MUSEUM -OF-N AT URAL- Hl STORY
r
Chairman
Frank Kingdon
Vice Chairman
L Hollingsworth Wood
Treasurer
David F. Seiferheld
Secretary
Mildred Adams
Executive Assistant to Chairman Ingrid Warburg
National Committee Mrs. Emmons Blaine Eimer Davis Dr. Robert Hutchins Dr. Alvin Johnson Mrs. Henry Goddard Leach Dr. William Allen Neilson Dr. Charles Seymour Dr. George Shuster Raymond Gram Swing Dorothy Thompson
C^memencu r\e6cue L^ommittee
^ncoFpopaUd
122 EAST 42nd STREET. NEW YORK. N. Y.
MURRAY HILL 3-4590
Februery 3rd, 1941
Mr, Leopold Schwarzschild Hotel Colonial 51 ftest 3lst Street New ^ork, N. I.
RE: HANS PFEFFEBMANN Dear Mr. Echwarzschildt
Can you give us any information about ^ane Pfeffermann, about 27 years old, who was bron in Berlin? Mr. Pfeffermann ir applying for a Special iJ^mergency Vifitor's Visa to the United States^
Mr. Pf eff ermann war active in the **Sozialis tischer Schuelerbund" in Berlin. In 1933 he distributed illegal pamphletfc. That year he went to Parle where he worked with the Neues Tagebuch.
*e would appreciate whatever information you may have about Hans Pfeffermann.
May we hear from you soon?
/^
SinjSÄrely your^
LL:HK
Lotta Loeb ^ase Department
%i
Chairman
Frank Kinqdon
Vice Chairman
L. Hollinqsworth Wood
Treasurer
David F. Seiferheld
Secrefary
Mildred Adams
Executive Assistant to Chairman
Ingrid Warburg
National Comnnittee
Mrs. Emmons Blaine
Eimer Davis
Dr. Robert Hutchins
Dr. Alvln Johnson
Mrs. Henry Goddard Leach
Dr. William Allen Neilson
Dr. Charles Seymour
Dr. George Shuster
Raymond Gram Swing
Dorofhy Thompson
C^meraenc
'Qcncu r\e5cue L^ommlttee
Jrncorpopattd
122 EAST 42nd STREET. NEW YORK. N. Y,
MURRAY HILL 3-4590
Februjary 2Eth, 1941
Mr, Leopold uch'/;arzschild Hotel Colonial 51 West Bist Street i^e^v York, N. Y.
RE; THEODOR FAIJTA
Dear Mp, Schwarzschild:
We have been asked to make aoplication for a Special Visa in behalf of llieodor Fcjnta. We have very little inforrnation .-^ibout him.
He is supposer] to be about 38 years, born in S^.-'detealancI . He was in Eeri-in collaborator of "Ullstein Presse "e^z" Am Mita^" and oublished short stories and political essays«
Would you be good enough and give us some Information rbout Theodor Fanta also whether you kno?7 of some one who may be sufficiently interested in giving affidavits for him?
smcer^y
LL:K
Lotta Loeb Gase Deoartment
»a
C^metaencu
r\e6cue L^ommltt
J
ncoppoFa
u
122 EAST 42nd STREET. NEW YORK. N. Y.
MURRAY HILL 3-4590
Chairman
Frank Kingdon
Vice Chairman
L. Hollingsworth Wood
Treasurar
David F. Seiferheld
Secretary
Mildred Adams
Executiv« Assistant to Chairman
Ingrid Warburg
National Committee Mrs. Emmons Blaine Eimer Davis Dr. Robert Hutchins Dr. Alvin Johnson Mrs. Henry Goddard Leach Dr. William Allen Neilson Dr. Charles Seymour Dr. George Shuster Raymond Gram Swing Dorothy Thompson
March 27th, 1941
• ►. . •
Mr. Leopold Schwarzschild Hotel Coloniel 51 West 81st Street New York, N. Y.
Dear Mr. Schy/arzschild:
?/e have been asked by the St^te Depart- ment to send a biographical sketch regarding Heing Pol, v/ho appears as the Sponsor of one of oiir cases (MAURITIUS KAHN)*
We vvould appreclate it very much if yould send uS a note giving whatever Information you may have about Mr. Pol«
Very^^ncerely yours
Lotta Loeb LL:K Case Department
'L%
ot
/
April 9, 1041.
ITrs.Loebg Hencue Committeep 12r.E^ 4nnd Ctreetp ITew York.
Dear llrs. Loob^
Owlnc to clrcanntanoes v/hioh I oannot exolnin^ I recolvcd your lettor aoking for bio^rfiphicril detr.ilß on Ur. Heinz Pol only yocterday.
I aia afraid I cannot holp your nach. I.!r# Pol did not bclonß to ny collaborntors nnd I v/an not vory v;oil aoquaintod vvith hin. I renember that he vmG a film reviev/er in tho Ullotein Ilouse and a ocnstant oollaborator of Die Neue v;eltbuehne» Afterv/ards he v/orked in Prag and than in Paris^ but I do not knov; v*int# Thio Is about all I knov/.
Sincerely
Yours
Chairman
Frank Kingdon
Vice Chairman
L. Hollingsworth Wood
Treasurer
David F. Seiferheld
Secretary
Mildred Adams
Executive Assisfant to Chairman
Ingrid Warburg
National Committee
Mrs. Emnnons Blaino
Eimer Davis
Dr. Robert Hutchins
Dr. Alvin Johnson
Mrs. Henry Goddard Leach
Dr. William Allen Neilson
Dr. Charles Seymour
Dr. George Shuster
Raymond Gram Swing
Dorothy Thompson
^,
tnetaenc
Qcncu
r\e5cue L^ommitt
S
ncorpoFa
ud
122 EAST 42nd STREET. NEW YORK. N. Y.
MURRAY HILL 3-4590
April £3, 1941
l'x. Leopold Schwarz Schild Hotel Colonial 51 V.rest 81st Street New York City
Dear iV^r. Schwarzschild:
V\'e wrote you soi^etiiLe ago coricerning your passage whicii has not yet beeri pald, At this tiue we would be very grateful if you could refund us the passage that we paid for you and your wife, niainly so that we can use it for the passage of ?vlr. aad I'.rs. Herbert Alexander who, we understand, are friends of yours. Vve are in very great need of i..oney for transportation, as you can vvell iniagine, and ivould be very happy if you could let US know at your earllest possible convenience what you can do in the iratter. ^
Sincerely yours,
Ingrid ^^arburg Executive Assistant
IW: ißb
fi
llay rnd 1941
Klsö Incrld ..arburj Krierg** csouc Goniiittee
IIcv/ York
Derr ?:isrj .'arburß:
I triec onoe nore to rair,e the üxin in ueotiontin ordvr to pey it bacl: riclit now^-G^in I dld not rnocoeö»
. o I fiM unfortunntel'" oonpcllod to r* pont v/hnt I v/roto in reply to your first letter.The cun tho r.laü has opent i : ny favour.ls v;ell in ny aind, The un' erctandinti tlr t I v;ould roX'und it PB ßoon nr. I should be in the position onoe Rcnin.io .-m obliegt ion whioh I nonn to fuirill.I ropeat thr.t I have r ro.-Gons to i.ope thnt the aonent will bc recn:.ed in tho later fr.ll,
I an very sorry thot the roio: have chaneed ond thct instend of liolpinc rofUGoes 1 hp.vo nov.' In one inctanoo nnf' i'or a ce tnin vvhilo to rernain indobted in ay turn.I hope indoer th^t tho eorly passGge of ?"r,Ä: r.rß.Alcxnn or uoer. not dcponc' on tho vory i>ol].arf- of soneone who hns not cot thon for t:,e lonont.
■ Cordinlly yours
^
\
C^merqencu
r^escue L^ommitt
J
ncorpora
ud
122 EAST 42nd STREET. NEW YORK. N. Y.
MURRAY HILL 3-4590
Chairman
Frank Kingdon
VIe» Chairman
L Hollingsworth Wood
Traasurar
David F. Saiferheid
Sacratary
Mildred Adams
Exacutiva Assistant to Chairman Ingrid Warburg
National Committea Mrs. Emmons Blaina Elmar Davis Dr. Robert Hutchins Dr. Alvin Johnson Mrs. Henry Goddard Leach Dr. William Allan Nellson Dr. Chartas Seymour Dr. George Shuster Raymond Gram Swing Dorothy Thompson
Jtme 4th, 1941
Mr. Leopold Schwär zechild Hotel Colonial 51 West 8l8t Street New York City
RS: WALTERcJOIAS
Dear Mr. Schwarz schild:
We have "been asked to make apiDlication for a Special Bmergency Visa regarding the above naraed.
We kaow that Mr. Walter Jonas used to "be a contributor to the Heue Tagebuch in Paris and that he was a collaborator with Dr. Herman Rauschning and is a film author.
would ap-oreciate knowlng whether you recall Mr. Joaas and whatever Information you have ahout him.
LL:K
Lotta Loeh Gase Department
ad
Jxine 15 1041
Peai* ürs^Locb:
I rand t' e a ,unint ":noo of of :'T. nlthrr Jonas in rariß^nrter ao l.ed e£:cai)ed from Gerranny soiae *^ears a^o.
r.e i.ad hcon v librr:riv n in Germany^as far rc I rcnonbor.
Üe v/rote a nunbor of ar- ticles ror n/S nm'^ 'IWOE-BIIi^TT v/hioh v/ero very interestlnn ind. ec%^'he iap^erslon I hacl fron hie per.^onality v'ae excllcnt, I rnw hin revr;ral tiries Irt t: g oourae of the vearc^rmci I am able to vr y thnt he ^.rs intelligent, unLiit taka/. ly i'eBpec- tafcle,and certaitoy r>incere in his aenocratic »anti-TIazi ^ nci ? nti-Goniuinii>t
convictionc#
I reiieaber that l.e
onoo er tv/ice nenticnod t.at he did
Bone v;ork for i'f:UGOhniöß#I ovon believe
to renombcr that in one or tv;o ccscs
he oa;:e to *^e vvith cooniasions or lottera
of Maurchninc»
In sun I v/o;:lö sav tlMlt
?/r*'7onrc ^eservcß eve.rytLinG that oculd
bc done for hin*
Tours vcry i inc.;rcly
(
f
)
!
Leopold Seh arzsohild
I I
i ■
June C.[j» 1941
K.Isnoc L.iwSOi'oliy
Ili
41^.5 Lafnvotto ttr, !Tcv/ "ori:
Dcn r '.!-r • Aflo •ßfC/ :
it
I
I
"■our
The liest Ion ^o v/hich refcr In Ict^.er Oi' June r.3,l'>ll»hfis bcen dlrcusned bctv;r-c--ri tl.e Viao ßoncy "ceoue "oi nittec ^na rne, rrd I h«ö tl.e iriprciißior. tliot t.' In Oo-:i-'.ttec ^ ar> octinc on vour l>oliair,':"ioy sr-nt ne n letter on Apr.; 3.,prni on :.'.f:y r.. I
ans^erec: . ,
Denr TÜvS ..nrburc:^ trief» once r.oi-c to rU,i; t;-.G sv;:i in cuGStion,in nr.lnr tn jav it l) ck ri i.t no\v»;Gai;i 1 cHu not succvod.,-r>o J fii.; unrortuaf.'tely ocr.polled to re eet '..hrt 1 v.TOto 3ri rojl'/ to your firct lotter/L'he sw-:; t .fc r.I.*r. hno üpcnt la r-' rnvour,if: v.oii in ray niind»Tne un..err,tf;n- di-\: thc'it I ;;oul(' voVmü it n« üoon r.s 3 i'^oülcl te in the .K-siMon oacc a-rin,lG -n ohli';rtion vv'. iois 1 nean to fulfill.I re^)o;.t tl'f'.t I hnvG renpons tn hone t'.:t tl.o noi::ont will be rcnol.cd in the 1 i.er rrll.-J osi vcT-v sorr^' that the rolcs h-- ve clirnccö ."nd thpt irrterd -f hclpi^: roiX^eon T hnvo nov/ in onr inßtnncö i^nc' or r. ccrti Iv. •..'!iUc .o renr-'ii in bted in n" turn,
I hope t !t vou,too,wiil uncJorr tnncl t e itf(unt^.on,.".n t'vnt you \.ill alco un orrt'-nd
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thflt to rnff.ver t^c ^aerßonoy ConnittGO equivrlont vith nnsv^orins '-ou»
Teure vo: y trulj'
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Chairman
Frank Kingdon
Vice Chairman
L. Holllngsworth Wood
Treaiurar
David F. Seiferheld
Secretary
Mildred Adams
Executive Assistanf to Chairman Ingrid Warburg
National Committee
Mrs. Emmons Blaine
Eimer Davis
Dr. Robert Hutchins
Dr. Alvin Johnson
Mrs. Henry Goddard Leach
Dr. William Allan Neilson
Dr. Charles Seymour
Dr. George Shuster
Raymond Gram Swing
Dorothy Thompson
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(L^metgettcu r\e6cue K^ommiiiee
JrncorporaUa
122 EAST 42nd STREET. NEW YORK. N. Y.
MURRAY HILL 3-4590
^ctoter 8th, 1941
llrt ^eopold Schwarzschild Hotel Colonlal 51 West eist Street New York City
t
Dear ^r« Schwarzschild;
We just received word from our "^^arseille Office that Mr.Pfeffermann is in a very desperate financial Situation«
In View of the fact that his immi- gration is hy no raeans a thing of the immediate future, we cannot insist that our Marseille Office take the case on for financial assistance» '^
Bieir funds are very limited and - are given only to those who may be able to emigrate in the necr future« Are you willing to contrihute toward the financial support of Mr. Pfeffermazin?
We shall he glad to heer from you«
urs
LL:K
Lotta Loeh "" Case Department
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98
EUROPEAIT V/AR
WORLD POLITICS
lET US FACE FACTS kW TAKE TUE CONSEQUENCES
We all realize that wo ore living in a period of tranoformation.
Eoonomios have a3y/ays been the main, if not only, reason for wars, even if apparently other reasons appeared on the surfaoe.
There oan be no dowbt whatsoever but that the causes of the last world war as of the present one have been and are eoonomio masons.
It is a further fact that politioal power always follows econoraioal and industrial power and that an eoonomioally or indiistrially weak oountry oan never be or romain streng; militarily or politioally (sec Italy).
A third elemental fact is that nature and natural developmont will always in the long end result stronger and more effective than the will of any man or any corabination of men, hov/over streng thcy may be, as it is also true that natire, in order to obtain her ends, often uses stränge ways and
stränge men#
It is furthermore true that things in life aro simple, but that due to our laok of understanding we complioate mattors, thus retard, instcad of
fester, natural dovelopments to oxvr and the world's dotrimont.
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As it is truo that tho world is alvmys moving, for ging ahoad, that now devolopments in toohnique and industry chango conditions continuously and in our Century vcry rapidly and that we laok tho vision to tako tho obvious
oonsoquonces.
It is a further faot that in this world we have to pay for everything, even for pro gross, that we get nothing for nothing. These that refuse to pay only hurt themselvos as the other s.
Diffioulties that arise in that progress are thore to be overoomo, and
not to run away from.
There oan furthermore be no doubt that the industrial oountrios are
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already and will be moro so in the future the ones that rulo tho world, and not only beoause even wars are nov/ bcinß fought by maohinos moro than by men.
Just as oach family, oach businesa, oaoh oountry roquiros onjhead, the vvholo world neods a leader.
At last it is truo that tho bost of lavvs will not bo applied unloss thero bo bohind thom a polioe foroo and a ponalty for broaking tho law* '
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If v/e make a briof study of dovelopments, evon before 1914, imder these different aspeots, we shall bctter oomprehend v/hat is really goinr, on all over the world today and sliall botter be ablo to f oster rather than hindor a natviral and neoessary development.
The large masses all over the world desire to onjoy a higher Standard of living. The produoers of all oommodities are vory muoh interested to arrive at that end in order to oonsiderably inorease their production.
If we use a yardstiok, we note that tho Standard of living for labour here is a motor car, in Englan^l a bicycle, in Franoo and Gcrmany a pair of boots, and in India, China or tho intorior of South Airiorioa, neithor stook- ings nor boots.
If it is but natural that tho peoplo outside of the United States desire to live on a similar high Standard as the one enjoyod here, the reason for that vast differenoe is also but a natural and simnle ono.
It must furthermore bo undorstood that the dosiro for and impossibility of, a higher Standard of living elsewhere, has brought about as effect, not only such diseases as oommunicm, fasoisra, nazism, but also those terrible wars that our goneration has been through and is witnessing at present. We have to understand those faotors to find the way out of that present rness.
The United States have a population of over 132,000,000 people and the v;orld«s largest developed natural resouroes. As a oonsequence, Henry Ford
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oan in normal times produce and seil over one million cars per annura. Being able to do so, he oan make mass production, mechanizing to such an extent that he requires but very few hours of labour for the output of one car. As a oonsequence, he oannot only produoe and seil his oars very cheaply, but also afford to pay his workman so well, tliat they can v/ell afford to buy his cars. A benefioial oircle for labour as well as for Mr. Ford, whioh ought to be the aspiration of evory one of us all over the world, for every-
body's ultimate benefit.
If we look at the other extreme of a civilized oountry, the former old and fully developed Austria whioh after the World V/ar was left with a popula- tion of only six million people, v/e met with a very low Standard of living, lots of raisery and a oountry that due to its small hinter land and very limited natural resouroes oould make no oheap mass production, had to be kept artificially alive through loans of the I^ague of Nations.
If the high Standard of living that the United States enjoys is to be oreated elsewhere, it will be imperative that large economic units comprising large populations, and great natural resouroes, be formed. Thanks to our present methods of transport and oommunication such units can now be created and maintained, vmen, centurios ago, Charlemagnc founded a political unit reaohing from Austria to Spain, this block could not be maintained and had to fall to pieces, primarily due to lack of transports and Communications, whioh was then effeoted by oxen and horse carts. When, due to the invention of the steam engino, the railway madc its appearanoe early last Century, political and eoonomical units had to and did beoome alroady larger, Within a period of fifiiy yoars, the United Statos was formed, Gormany and Italy wore unitöd, whilst France and England had already boon unified,
The Century we live in has brought us a tremendous progress of trans- ports and Communications. Motor cars, aeroplanes v/hich take us in less than
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24 hours to the heart of Siirope, the radio, cables, transatlantic telephone, have brought us all muoh oloser together, They, coupled to mass production, have oompletely ohanged eoonomics of ooxmtries and oontinents, have brought about a oomplete revolution in the life of the people of this world. Most of our rulers as well as most of the peoplo themselvos do not roalize these faots nor the neoessary chan^es this development brought about and made possible» And only as a oonsequenoe of the lack of understanding of this tremendous industrial revolution and the neoessary changes in eoonomio and political Units it Ims brought about, we witness the coinmunist and nazi revolutions as effect, just as the prosentwars.
In the United States one oan fly in one direotion for 24 hours and still remain within the same oountry, but if you v/ant to do the sarae thing in 3uropo, you would have to oross a nev; frontier of a difforont oountry at least every fow hours, frontiers one does not notice from aloft* Just as there is no oountry anyvvhere in Swope large enough to satisfy its own even far more limited requirements as you oan here and none that oould, for laok of Hinterland and material resouroes, afford that oheap mass production for oommodities the United States enjoys.
Henoe the lower Standard of living in Europe, in spite of Europe's having developed, oontrary to Asia and South America, its resources to the füllest extont, whioh rosourccs in total are also vory large.
Yet, it is in the interest not only of Europe, but of the whole world that a large eoonomioal unit be formod in Europe.
An industrial v;ho 30 years ago employed about 3000 workers was a
oolossus at that time. To be one today he has to employ 100,000 men. And
yet, we do not realize that such a complete ohange in industrial units is
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bound to bring about a similar change in economic and political units. But it has, and v>ie must have the vision to realize that factf And the world
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that is alvvays, ever sinoe the birth of tho first inan, going ahead even if temporarily going baobvards or apparently doing so, is just now forming those large political and eoonomical units tliat are required by the new development in industry, transport and ooiiTnunication, coupled vvith the desire of the large masses for a higher living Standard.
The Units in whioh people livod and oooperated have continuously widened as tho vvorld developod; tho first unit was tho family, thon follovvod the tribo, afterwards the province or tho oity, thon oountries that gradually grow larger and now as in futuro v/hole oontinonts will bo the natural units.
•Let US study such formation on hand of a globus in simple and natural
lines«
The United States, now by far the world's riebest and most powerful ooimtry, and, in relation to the rest of the world, getting more so every day to the destruction going on in Eixrope and in Asia, have already been formed as one such largo ooonomioal luiit and, as already stated, enjoyX as a natural oonsequonce, the highest Standard of living all over the world« Thero is no doubt but that thero arc still some sooondary tai^^ left here to oonplote in the Northern part of tho oontinont, to round up tho geo- graphical unit, as naturo - soe tho globo - lias forsoon it.
Next we see Russia, more than tv/o and a half times the sizo of the United States, with a population of now near ly 200 millions, with for an individual oountry the world^s by far largest, though undeveloped, natural resoiüToes, just as we witness that Stalin, hör Ruler, has turned from being a oomiiiunist to an Imperialist ondoavouring to carry out Potor the Great's political program and trying to build up his oountry to dovelop and mako availablo as rapidly as possible with what moans aro at his disposal, what nature has given Russia. He has inoreased Russia 's gold production from a pre-war level of 800,000 to already over 7 million oimces per annum and
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thiis made Russia the v7orld*s seoond largest gold produoer« He ho.s more than triplioated her pre-war oil produotion to already over 30 million tons per annum, has openeä up the world^c largest oil, manganesc and iron re- serves v;ithin his oountry, tho third largest ooal reserves# Besides, before the present war, Russia had already beoome tho world^s third largest oon- sumer of all metals and v/as ono of the greatest buyers in the vvorld's market s of oommodities and manufactured articlos paying thom with exports of wheat, oil, gold, inanganese, etc.
It is true that the Standard of living in Russia is terribly Ion, but Stalin is trying to build up his oountry in far less time than the United States was opened up in and has to do it without the help of European oapital that was at America »s disposal« He has to talce that capital from the only souroe he disposes of - his 200 million people, thus saorifioing the present generation of Russians for tho benefit of future ones#
Once the world at large will realize that real communists have for years beon shot and are being shot in Russia, that oommunistic ideas are no longer tolerated there, that Stalin roally v/ants nothing but to form a tremendous eoonomioal and political mit, the v;hole world ought to and finally v/ill help Russia to reaoh her aims which oannot but be beneficial to all of US. And in thus helping Russia to reaoh her ends with the assis- tance of tho rest of tho world, it will holp her in doing away with dicta- torship and to gradually adopt a demooratio systom of govormnent. If people have to hungor in order to build up thoir country, they oan only be kept togcthor by a diotatorship. If, hov/ovor, a oountry oan be built up with
milar to thosc the Unitod States woro constructod with, thoro v;ould
moans si
bo room for a free domooraoy, Let us not be frightened by the slogan of oominunism. Communism, the other extreme of the Czar's diotatorship, came to birth as the natural oonsequenoe of the latter »s failures. Besides,
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ooinriiuiiisri came through a r^^volution, and a rovolution alivays ohangea things rapidly ajad oonplctoly, but a revolution - soo tho p'renoh revolu- tion at tho end of tho 18th oentury - alv/ays is being follov7od by an evolution v/hioh iß nuoh slov/or in its offoots, much more gradual, but whioh alivavß brin/i:s baol: nattors soaov/horo noar fron vvhore tho rovolution startod - again see France diu'in^'; the last contury..
No longer does in Rus.sia tho v/orlring riian earn as muoh as a najiager, no longer does every v/orking man earn the sanioj for years the latter have been paid acoording to their effioiency and the Lanagor^s salary is at least ten tines as high as tho average salary of a v/orking nan. Stalin, having learned, for instanoe, that California was developed on basis of the gold rush, is nov; trying, and successfully, to build up Siberia on a sirnilar basis and naJdng use of nan^s initiative by allowing prospectors v/ho discovered gold nines to beoone nulti-nillionairos (soe Littlejohn^s
"Soviet Gold").
In resune, there oan be no doubt but that Russia is trying to build up
a large eoononio and politioal U3ait»
That Russia wants to ovai or oontrol her natural ports liko those of Finlai'd, I^tvia, etc. and the Dardanolles, is but logical and obvious; just as Russia needs sone ioe-free ports in tho Pacific and the v;orld ought to help that big country to g^^t thon v/ithout v/ars^ j^possiblo, becausQ othonviso thoy will have to fight until they do got them, That the building up of Russia is ospooially diffioult and also nuoh slower than it ought to be in the tine of the notor car and plane, is but a natural consequence of tho faot that the Russian pooplo aro not industri- ally ninded nor ever will be as gpod in that diroction as the Anglo-Saxo:^s, a faot v/hioh is perliaps rat her fortunato for the industrial countrios of this World, since othorwiso Russia would probably rulo tho v7orld in future.
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They have to bo helpod in their teclinioal oonstruction work and will be so either by the United States or by Gernany.
Going furthor East, v/o in our generation also have witnessed and oon- tinue to witness that Japan, apparently the best industrially ininded country in the East, has beon and is creating a largo economic al unit by first having taken in Korea, then Manohulcuo and now oonsidorable slioos of China» They thus oontrol a population of far boyond 150,000^000 people. But it is also truo that the Japanese empiro, alroady due to the geographica! sitioation of its oonstituonts , is not and novor will bo an compact or poworful as the United Statos or Russia. But, unloss v/o are lead by passion, wo must admit that the formation of tlmt largo unit is bound to be benefioial to the whole world just as it has been for that same world that Japan was forcofully opened up and brought into the family of nations in the year 1854 by Admiral Perry,
\1q do know that the 78 million peoplo of Japan proper alroady boforo this war had by far a larger trade with the rest of the world than tho over 400 million Chinese, and the world ought to let Japan open and organize the yellow raoes out East to their ovm and the v/orld's benefit« Again see the globe« As wo have to study the globe when the East will final ly have to be divided amongst Russia and Japan»
As the fourth large and again compact blocl: wo now witness tho making of the United Statos of Europo. There is no doubt that great obstaclos are in the v/ay of that vory neoessary oconomioal and politioal unit» Tho various coimtrioG of Europo speak different languages, have different historios, and ohildren at sohool were alroady being taught to hate their neighbors» Hov/ever, even if wo fully appreoiato all those diffioulties, let us not forgot that the strengest faotor in the lifo of nations is hunger or ooonomics and if v/ithin such a largor economical unit people prospor far moro than formorly
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vvithin their small units, they will rapidly forget former hatreds and factors that divided them. It would not be the first time that such a thing happened. In the United States the South hated the North, in England the Sootoh the Englishmen, and the Welsh both. Switzerland, peaoeful democractic Svvitzerland, is oomposed of French, Germans and Italians, and Svvitzerland is the living proof of what can be done in Europe in spite of all those difficulties everybody sees much more than what, after all, unites all people of this v/orld. At least, the white people all ovor the v7orld are vary much alike, only small differenoes divide them. Thore are evon gangsters in every country, only in Germany they have conquered the country itself for the time boing.
In their main aspirations, their main oharacteristios, people are very much the same all over the vvorld.
And the melting pot of the United States ought to have given the best proof of this oontention, and thus of the possibility of suooessfully forming those Itoited States of Burope whioh have nov/ become an absolute necessity. And Switzerland ought to supply us the model to organize that large unit,
After the World War, Briand, probably France »s and Surope's greatest statesman of this Century, wanted the union of France and Germany. Since the outbreak of this war, English and French statesmen have preaohed the necessity of forming the United States of Europe. Hence, the contending parties agree upon the necessity of the formation of such a large economi- oal Unit in order not only to crcate prosperity and wealth on that oonti- nent, but also to definitely do av;ay for ever with wars in the future betv^een the individual countries on that very important part of tho worldj v/ars that would affeot the whole world and which must be preventod in
future.
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The Afrioan Continont is the oontinuation of Europe and v/ill naturally fall to the United States of Eiirope. Its development will be but a slow one due to its olimate that in most of its parts is not fitted for Euro- pean Immigration.
Before olosing the ohaptor regarding the formation of the large units^ we must study the position of England in this future v/orld,
England has ruled the v/orld ever sinoe Trafalgar« And she v;as an exoellent polioeman, the best the vvorld ever had or v/ill have, due to thoir so well balanoed charaoter, whioh novor made thom lose their hoads, never let thom raove in extremca, in addition to their being such good sports, and praoticing that good motto *'live and let live". They oould rule the world through being an island, not easily acoessible former ly, through their rul- ing the waves, not allowing any other nation to build as streng a fleot as they had, and through the balanoe of power on the continent betv/een Germany, Austria, France and Italy, partly in the North Sea, partly in the h'editer- ranean» Now, due to aviation, England no longer is an island sinoe it can be reached in loss than 10 flying minutes from the continent. The former balance of power was destroyed by destroying Austria after the World War, v/hich caused the croation of the largor Gormany with about 75 million Germans that can no longor bc balanccd by only 42 million Frcnolimon. And England, last but not least, being an island oannot expand on land as Germany, Japan and Russia did, and can thus not form a larger and more powerful block by itself. Hence^ the industrial revolution has trans- formed England into a oountry that alone can no longer rule the world of 132 million of the U.S., a larger numbor of the United States of Europe, ovor 150 million Japanese and 200 million Russians.
But England has not only the experience, but, far more importaiit, the by far best gift to lead the world thanks to the charaoter of her people.
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And that gift ought to be Liade good uae of in the future v.'orld which ivill
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need the English guidance more than ever. And as vve shall shov; later on, that the United States of America is oalled upon to lead tho world in future, it is the interest of tho v/hole world tlmt England together v/ith its partners should form a union vdth the United States of Americat This is also to England's interest, since thoy will feel muoh happior forming part of the Community of English-speaking peoplo tlmn form part of the Federated Statos of Europo, vvhorc sho oould no longor be a dominant faotor.
The above formation of larger economical units is a natural development whioh we should fester to the utmost, in the vvhole world's interest. As already stated above, nature is strenger than any man or any combination of men and we can only hurt ourselvos if we fight against what has to come any- how. Onoe it has been concluded, nrosperity v/ill rapidly increase, the Standard of living will rise cvory\';hore. Besides, only thon can Wilson's dreaiii oome true of forming a real and offective Loaguc of Nations« If instoad of 64 nations tho above fo\^, all vory pov/erful, all on difforent oontinents and not desirous of takin^c anything from each other and only interested in oooperating to the Joint and mutual benefit, v^ill sit around a Conference table, thon those four can and will always arrivo at definite conolusions and can solve the probloms that will arise. And they will all havo their hands so füll with tho devolopmont of their old and new terri- tories for at least the next 50 years, that none of them need even think of new wars of conquest«
But just as the best of laws in any country v/ould be of no avail if there v\rere no policemen, no penalties for breaking those lav/s, there must also be in the future world somobody stronger than the rest so as to sog that agroe- monts be kept. England *s place raust be taken by somobody who is pov/orful enough to see things through« That can only bc tho Unitod Statos, and there
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is no doubt but that the latter oooporated by the sound experienced advice of England should take England 's place. And just as England former ly had the motto that nobody could build as big a fleet as they did, in the future the United States must be able to police not only the Paoific and the Atlantic, but also the skies with a muoh stronger air fleet than anybody eise may have. And if a new balanoe of power will be required again in Surope, Russia, if helped in its development , alone will bo able to balanoe the United States of Eiurope,
And then thosc four units will furthermore bo ablo to study facts in the following broad way and takc tho consequoncos in tho same spirit,
Nature has divided its gifts very fairly and squarely, gifts not only of natural wealth, but gifts of human oapacities varying v\rith different olimates, different soilcwhose product v/e all are. The Snglish are the best balanoed people of the world because they enjoy, thanl^s to the Gulf stream, the best balanoed climate, and, lihe their vveather , nevor move in extremes, never lose their heads. People in New York do move in extremes, like tho climato.
The Anglo-Saxon raco living in cool c limatos is tho one bost fittod for industrial work, thanks to thoir nocossity to v/ork and to thoir gift of Or- ganization and tenacity, whoreas tho Latin raco, onjoying a brightor siin v;hich, if truo that it does not allow them to work as hard as tho Anglo-Saxon, has developed their brains better so that they have brighter ideas and think quicker whilst the same sun has also enabled them to live without that hard work. The bananas grov; wild on the trees and they only have to grab and put them into their mouths#
The Anglo-Saxons ought to in the first line do the industrial work of the world sinoe they are best fitted for it, v^hereas the other countries should primarily produce the oommodities, or France supply "le bon gout",
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the best wines, fruits and vegetables and luxury articles of this v/orld.
VJe should divide the work in the world as nature has for3seen it. When centuries ago the f armer shod his ovm hör so and made his own cloth, the world was terribly poor* The world beoame richer when the division of labcur was introduced, when the blacksmith, the shoemaker, the tailor, etc. appeared, and the fia'ther we carry that division of labour , the wealthier and happier the world is bound to become. Men alwe^ys oomplicate matters and if we would only study and realize how simple they really are, we would all^^better off. Let everybody do what he is best fitted for, country and individual.
Now we oome to the'role the United States will have to ^la" in that nev; world in forraation. Let us look at it without prejudice, without passions. First of all^ the Stalins, Hitlers and Mussolinis are not the causes, but the effects of an unhappy state of affairs, and they are bound to disappear with the causes of the diseases. The world also onoe had a Cromwell, and a Robespierre, both just as ruthless as Hitler and Stalin, and they disappeared together with their ideas.
V/e must furthermore realize that the formation even of the old oountries, United States, England, France, Germany, was done, in every case, by war, as it is happening today. We must furthermore realize that 20 or 50 years are nothing in the period of tho world »s history, even if, sinoe we live during that period of transformation, it hurts us personally considerably and we must help and do all in our power to help to fester a natural and necessary development so that the suffering will be shorter and less. That is all we can do, but that is also what we ought to do by courageously facing the facts and coldly taking the consoquences. Let us study under the above aspects what the present and future role of this great country ought to be.
We all agree and v/e all realize that tho United States is now the world 's largest, riebest and most powerful country, and will be more so after the end
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of this war that is bound to fiirther impovorish Europc and may ovcn tiirn Europc, unlGss holped to ooase the fight in time, into a continont vvhore communism v^ill roign aftcrvvards except in Russia V7here they are already over it. This oountry should lead the world from nov/ on« Your v/ord, if you only wish, will be more than over in this war-torn world lav; to the others as it was or oould have been after the last World V/ar.
To find the right way we must first of all study our real interest, an interest whioh, if we are intellip;ent and oonstructive, must also be the in- terest of the rest of the world. One caiinot possibly get or remain rieh, even if one would liko to - which is not the case - on a cemetery suirrounded by a poor and miserable world, no-; feel happy being rieh within such a world» Besides, the prospority of the rost of the V70rld is bound to bocomo yours sincc you disposo of tho world 's largost devoloped natural rosourcoG. You not only have to lead the v/orld in future, but you have to help building it up from its ruins and, in doing so, have to learn from past experienoes, past errors of after the last V/orld War, when you retired into your shell.
At a time when larger units were already necessary, President Wilson helped the Allies to form a numbor of small units out of the old Austrian empire, The United States loaned billions of dollars to tho Allies, to Germany, to South America, but raised such tariff v;alls as made ropayment irapossiblo, a Situation which, in addition, did not help to maintain the
formor high business morale amongst countries.
As the peace treaties ooncluded in Europe did not only fall to solve the Problems that had caused the World War, but rather aggravated them, it v/as but natural that after the war various nations, realizing that existing oonditions could not last, based their whole eoonomy on preparation for war.
Besides, the United States declarod tlmt they had nothin^^, to de v;ith the rest of the v/orld, preaohed and practioed Isolation, isolation at a time
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vvhen one can fly over to the heart of Burope V7ithin 24 hours, oan ring up London and get it v/ithin a few minutes, when we all form but part of a large family, v/e are all intor-dependent of eaoh other, as best we realize nov;#
We all ought to learn from our past mistakes, our experienoest Let us
drav7 the consequenoes.
First of all you will have to give England your whole-hearted support to malce it at least impossiblo for Gormany to beat England.
«
Thon you will have to use your influenoo to finish this war, whiohwith its dostruotion of houscs, factories, railways, dooks, etc. is far more de-
vastating than the last v/ar.
V/e all do believe that Germany cannot suocessfully invade and thus beat Great Britain. Nor does it look as if England oould invade and beat Germany. Henoe, unless stopped, the war might last for many years - we have the Span- ish experience - and its principal activity will be confined to tho mutual bombing, hence gradual destruction of the moans of living and production of the v/arring coimtries, the creation of oemetories in both until the eventual Victor will havo nothing loft to cnjoy his viotory with and the whole world, whoso principal consumor is Burope - Biu-opo the most oult\ared Continont -
will bc tho loser.
All of the warring countries desire peaoe, but a peace that will be lasting, none built on promises overybody knows will not be kept-
Hence, Germany must be told that they can have peace after getting rid of the Nazies, and a peace that will not be humiliating, but will allow the Continent of Europe to unite on basis of the democratic Swiss system.
England v;ith her associatos should be invited to in futuro form part of tho IJhitod States with whom they would form one economio and political union,
The United States could then help to build up first England and Europa again, give credits that, since given to a unit that is bound to develop
-16-
and get prosperous again, oan be repaid.
The United States should help South America first of all with the con- struction of roads, by which means they would not only foster the future development of its enormous natural resources, but would also attract a muoh larger population with a oonsequently muoh larger consuming power. Thus such means of transportation and oommunication will be oreated as v\rill allow later on the unification of South America. North and South America are thus bound to oooperate in future and to create tho world's richest and most power ful block.
It will, however, be necessary to do to South American what England did for you in respect to allov/jjig you to repay their loans.
A zone of Free Trade from the Straits of Magellan to Alaska plus Eng- land - the former principal consumer of South American products - should be established thus making really come true and effective the "good-neighbour- policy". It will be quite true that your high cost farmer will have to dis- appear, whilst you will become South America's Workshop, thus giving work to the farmers put out of work. And your oost of living v/ill decline, thus en- abling, without hurting labour, the reduction of wages, necessary after this war, which in the long end makos the whole world the poorer the longcr it lasts.
Tho Zone of Free Trade thus oroated is also bound to do away with most frictions that now exist with South Amorioa and both Continents are bound to coopcrate in the mutual interost and benofit.
Wg must follov; nature, Ict ovorybody prod\;ice what ho can do botter than tho rest of us, to everybody's benefit. True there v^ill be some people in every country that will suffer at first: here maximum lOfo of the farmers, in South America all of the industrialists. One oannot have an Omelette
v;ithout breaking the eggs, and in this world we have to pay for ovorything« Lator on, after Europe will have bocn reoonstructod , their Standard of
».
-17-
living raised, that Free Trade Zone may be extended to the European Continent and later on to Russia, whioh also should be helped in its building up.
How to help the about 600 million Chinese, Japanese, etc. best to fit into this future world pioture, nmst be left to a later study. The American Continent and Europe must jointly tackle this problem vvhich appears the most
difficult of all.
The United States is novv rapidly building up a mighty army, navy and air-fleet. Thanks to the vvealth of the country, its mechanioal and plant capacity - the largest in the world - and thanks to the fact that she has the world^s best technicians, she can oasily croate the largest naval and air fleots. As a consequence, the other throo futuro big power s will soon realizG that thoy cannot cojnpotc with you and will suggost d i sarmamont or at loast a considorablc roduction of armod forcos which will makc moro men and monoy availablc for coiistructivo purposos.
Froo Trade in the world will Liake future wars just as unnecessary as
preparing for then.
It was the Free Trade, the free exchange of coinmodities, money and men that has brought about that inarvollous developmont of the last Century and the boginning of ours. During the last 25 years we have gone baotovards in- stead of forvvard, Lot us resume that forward path, let us build a better, not a worse, world for our ohildron, a world free and Imppy in overy sonse, where thoro is room and broad for everybody, no longer fear of wars, hence no neoessity to prepare for them or organize the whole economy of the co\a}i- tries for such wars, and thus do away with the causes that brought us the Stalins, Hitlers and Mussolinis ^
And the United States, thanks to thoir geographical Situation, to their being froe of v/ars and petty joalousios, this country composed of the children and grand-children of Europeans that knew how to form in less than 150 years
I I
4 «
-18-
the World *s largost, riebest and most pov/crful country, thcso pooplo will and should, if thoy only roally and oourageoußly do face faots and do take the consequenoes, and f oster a natural development, not only save their old mothcr oountries in Europe from absolute ruin and misery, tut will
lead the v/hole world to a better , cleaner and happior period
L. B. FISCHER, IN«:. Puhlishers
38 1 FO IJ RT H AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y. M ü RR AY HILL 3-0893
December 5, 1941
Mr. Leopold Schwarzschild Hotel Colonial
Colunbus Avenue and 32nd Street New York,N.y.
Dear Mr. Schwarzschild:
We are eager, in the near future, to gather as rauch material as possible about our forthcoming authors, so that we raay use this In preparing Publicity before as well as at the time of publlcation.
V^ould you be kind enough, therefore, to let us have as much biographical Information, formal or informal, as you can, and at your very earliest convenience^ This does not have to be in any organized form, but we should like it as extensive 8S possible, since different audiences are interested in different kinds of material.
Thank you in advance for your Cooperation in this.
F. H. Landshof f
L. B. Fischer Publishi^ Corp,
TRAFALGAR 7-2000
^:J*'^""
ii0lfl4 C0!n5Ttitll
;j^
51 WEST EIGHTY-FIRST STREET
L#i30. isolier Corp« 301 Fourth /^Vt Neu; York
Pefcr^K, ""?.
Dear Landslioff :
&i
I am sendinc you loo pAgaSp- that is to o<-iy: vou h«ve to aMaoh cur elf
the first ton pnßos alreany in your poßCGSsion^ and tlio rirst ' pa^en of the '"'.Vittnosses •
I v;oiilcl like to ifo oveT the wliolo tliinr- in oonpany of on^^ of your Amerioan friends v;ith ^'*#Guterraan, — who hiiHF^elf agrees that^as uifrnal^ no-ne iiore oorreotionc re neoesstiTj^
Sinoerelv voiire
tOidiO »NI1MIH4 INiriNMaAOS «n
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PACING -LANDS CA PED- PLANETARIUM - GAR DENS AND MUSEUM - OF - NATURAL - Hl STORY
L. B. FISCHER PUBLISHING CORP.
381 FOIJRTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y. MURRAY HILL 3-0893
January ^, 194:i.
^^r. Leopold Echwarzrchild H-tel Colonlal
Colrirrbur AvenuG and ^Ist trtreet Ner York,N.Y.
Deer Mr. Schrarzechlld:
In addltion to our agreement of November 11, 194Z, ve have agreed u^^on the follcv.ing txvo points:
1) You are to dellver the manuircript In parts", starting Februarj^ 1 and ending April 1, 194^.
Z) The ödvance cn royaltiee- Is to be raised to '^lEOC.OO. On account of thir you have alreö^dy received ^500.00; the vevnr^.r)ir}g flOOO.OC rill be paid, in four part£ of ?250.C0 earh, ^onder date of ^odey, of February 1, of 'vlarch 1, and of /.pril 1, 194£.
Ypurs ^incerely
F. il. LandsJioff "cht Vice-prerldent
L. F. FirCIiER PUPLIJ;iIING COPP.
Ira
L. B. FISCHER, INT. Puhlishers
38 1 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y. MURRAY HILL 3-0893
Mr.Leopold Schwarz schild Hotel Colonlal New York City,N.Y.
Dear Mr.Schwarzschild:
November 12,1941
Follofdng OUT agreement of November 11,1941, pleaee find
enclosed check for three hundred (| 300.00) dollars.
Very tnily yours, L.B.FISCHER PUBLISHING CORP.
/WO
encl. check | 500.00
TRAFALGAR 7-2000
51 WEST ElOHTY-FIRST STREET
D C.iO, 41
Dear Jjanaahoffx
You flna hv re a llttie picce
of «CaiLp:ilün-i''hetorlcs",whlch may sex-ve your
purposes,or m&y not,I don't t.nof..You oay
rind It uöeful to .bbrövli^t« It,
Accoruing to yotir *löb I attach an olei Waschzettel üu tiie historlcal personal ty of Leoi-old Schv. raschiid.
I See you to-^^-orr o* . 3o ioug
yours
FACI
NG - UANDSCAPED -PLANETARIUM - GARDE
NS AND MUSEUM - OF - N ATU RAL - Hl STORY
AN 37-41
DEPOSITED TÖ THE CREDIT OF
PLEASE OMITALL DOLLAR SIGNS.
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- |
DOLLARS |
CENTS • |
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All 1 Q |
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LIST PACM CHECK SCPARATELY |
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CHECKS CREDITED SUBJECT TO PAYMENT
L. B. Fl.Sf HER, INC. Puhlishers
381 FO V RT H AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y. MURRAY HILL 3-0893
•>-/.
Mr^Leopold Schnrarzechild Hotel Colon! al Columbus Ave. & 81st St, New York,N.Y.
December 15,1941
Dear Mr .Schwarzschild:
Follüwing our agreement we are sending check for | <:00.C0 to the Com Exchange Trust Co., 81st Street to be credited to ;^aur account. This payment representß a further advance on royalties for your book«
Very truly yours,
L.B.FISCHER PUBLISHING CORPORATION
Secretary to Mr. Fischer
C.ffO
Class of Service
This is a full-rate Telegram or Cable- gram unIcss its de- terred character is in- dicated by a suitable »ymbol above or pre- ceding thc address.
R. B. VA/HITE PRESIDENT
WESTERN
UNION
' I
1201
The filing time shown in the date line on telegrams and day Jett
NEWCOMB CARLTON CHAIRMAN OFTHE BOARD
J. C. WILLHVER FIRST VICE-PRciSIDENT
SYMBOLS
DL = Day L«tter
NL- Night Letter
LC-DcfcrredC«ble
NLT-Cable Night Letter
Ship Radiofrram
^rs is STANDARD TIME .t point of origm. Time of «ceipt ,s STÄNDAKD TIME at point of dc.tin.tion
E£0,1 NT.LEVERLYHILLS CALIF 17 " ^^p,, p„3 ,,
LECPÖLD SCHV.'ARZSCHILD .CARE £ L SCHWARZSCll ILL^
1;^9 ^1 ST ERCOIslY:^ I,Y
7
LIEIER £:.hv:af2s:hil:' kE'^mst du das eloede celicht das so
AlFHOERT; DOCH V;Er;i; ER V.'IELER V.R DIR STAE;;DE , Dl .\R.";;ES HERE , V:.>S T..ETEST DU. ES IST E I ;:E CATZ U ['DESCHRE I EL I „HE FREUDE, DASS IHR V.'IRKLL.H L'MD WAHRH/.FT IG SN SICHERHEIT SEI POLGARS LEüt.Hi.RD FRniir; K: PORTUGAL, F..HRE:; DE.V.riAECHST .
LIESL FRITZ! GRl'ESSEN INMIG ICH SCHREIEE
EUER
r
,RUKC FRATIK
.)
October 10^ 1940
Lieber Schwarz sohl Id,
Bruno ist In Arrowhead zur Kur (zwei Stunden von hier) auf diese Welse kenne Ich Ihre Antwort an Bruno noch nicht» Er hat mir aber heute den Brief von Frank den Sie beigelegt hatten eingeschickt*
Ich habe am 25* September $100,-- telegrafisch an Frank nach Lissabon geschickt* Heute frueh kam auch ein Brief von Leonhard Frank vom 5* Oktober, worin er das Geld be- staetigt* Wollen Sie talch bitte wls^5en lassen wie lange er nach Ihrer Erfahrun/;^ in Lissabon mit diesen |100,-- aus kommen kann#
Es ist garnlcht zu begreifen, dass sein Visum immer noch nicht ausgestellt 5^ein soll* Der Vertrarr fuer ihn bei Warner wurde In Washington an Stelle eines Affidavits acceptiert, Sponsorbrief, alles, war zur selben Zelt mit den Anderen eingereicht* Wie Sie wissen werden hat Kesten das Reisegeld fuer Frank schon von unserer hiesigen Sammlung bekommen* Es bleibt nur bu hoffen, dass er nun endlich auch bald fort kann*
Wie befreit wir sind Sie und Wally in Amerika zu wissen muessen Sie spueren* Ich hoffe so sehr, dass sich die Reibungen der Etaigratlon aus Europa nicht auch auf Amerika uebertragen werden. Es wuerde unsere ganze Hilfsaktion so gefaehrden wenn die Amerikaner verwirrt werden durch Feind- seligkeiten unter den SSnigranten*
Ich haette so sehr das Beduerfnls mit Ihnen zu sprechen, und wie gerne ich Sonntag in New York sein wuerde wenn Polgars ankommen bedarf einer geringen Fantasie*
In Elle und verhetzt, ein bloedes Charltywelb geworden - gruesse Ich Euch herzlich.
Ihre
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Oct.6,40,
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Lieber Bruno i'ranlri
Ich fiende Ihnon hior die Aböohrift eines Glippor-nriefeG iH Ihres Nrmensvetterr Loonliard» Jeder hat jr. jetzt seine Privatclientel,und d?' und dort habe ich schon Affidavits und sogar Geld beschaffen koonnen.Aber in rallo L.F. ^:;laubo ioh^dass das Schnorren bei den von ilira vorgosch.lai^onon >tcllen besser von Leuten goschoeiio,dio dort bekannt sind^ enn rie ancicrer I'einunc sind, geben nie mir eine andere '..'cicung.Das Visum nuss i^'^inzv/i schon bekommen haben .Aber durcli nie Verzoe(;erung wird er nun wah.rsc: oinlich v/ieder v/oohenlanc aufs Gchiff v/? rton muossen, und inzv/irchen kostet d^'ß nindos^. ans Gcld,v/ic bei eilen diesen schrecJrl j chen Vcr7,oeßorungon.
Ich lot;e Ihonen^neinem Beichtvater in dieser Saclio^einc neue Zu- schrift und meine Antwort darauf bei»l.^io sehen, das tjeht v/eiter und iot Kollektiv-Arbeit.
Alle Schreiben erbitte ich
{^olcc^ntlich zurueck.
Herzlichst Ihr
Doo.ri^ 1940
Liebe . rnnks,
CrGGtcrn var ich zufnelli^ in '..nllstreot.Yor der l tock-^ixcuant^e v.'ur ein ri(^riGor woi'innchtßbauri nit bunten eloktricchen Lichtern oaf,,,estcllt»Von den Fenstern r)o3 nicht unbekannten Ge- be eudec sang er. aus iiautspreCiierncAvo Ilnrip^Und obwohl os iicerf-enzoit \:nr^i:tpJiCeii öie Leute zu Hunderten andaechtie diuji henrn.
/J.ß ich so eia Gei'uehl davon bekan,\ 5e ernst die Lc-indeßtaiGaessiGon das x'cst nohrien^beschlcös ich das F.elbe, unr' f nndte die vorschrii'tsTnncEEiccn Knrten^Aber Such v;ill ich t?ioln :..erry Ghriijtm£ s doch ot\^as persoenlicher sagen, und euch meine V.uonsche fuor lC/41.;jb ist von nllon Jahren das jenige, von gc::i ich in naechstcn Jahr dp.s meiste el^vT1rte♦
Uns {^eht es ßfinv. gut. Ich stecke bis uober den Hals in Arbeit .Ich habe ein rocht intero' snntee ßucli nhccschlossen, und obv;ohl das Thema r^olnver ist^iimss ich OS in drei I-onaten schrei hon» injj' ViiglUf^ ■
dar o ioh rdoh nioht tiv^UHif ..-uuiuu, eH-
tonJ/Mso bin ich beöcaaerti^;t,ab3r nach fc>o l<in(:;er Pause ist das schoen^-r als das Gogenteil^dr^s bis dahin herrschte.
Alles (iu\ie#
In IIer7.11chkelt
Euer
BRUNO FRANK
513 NORTH CAMDEN DRIVE BEVERLY HILLS, CALIFORNIA
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Leading and Largest German Language Weekly
Serving the Interests and the Americanization
of the Immigrants,
Manfred Qeorge. Editor
16. September 1940
Herrn Leopold Schwarz schild c/o Hermann Kesten Hotel Park Plaza 50 West 77th Street New York City
Sehr geehrter Herr Schwarz schild:
Ich hoere, dass Sie gluecklich der Katastrophe in Europa entronnen und hier gelandet sind. lÄid ich freue mich darueber, wie ueber das Entrinnen eines Jeden, dem dies gelungen ist.
Ich nehme an, dass die vergangenen Ereignisse und die neue gemeinsame Aufgabe von uns allen Grund genug sind, alles Gewesene gewesen sein zu lassen.
Als Sekr etaer des German- Jewish Club habe ich Jedoch den Auftrag, mich mit Ihnen in Verbindung zu setzen wegen Je- ner von Ihnen ueber den Club seinerzeit im "Tagebuch" ver- oeff entlichten Behauptungen, die, wie ich Ihnen seinerzeit schon schrieb, ^uf einer lOOjSigen Irrefuehrung beruhten.
Ich nehme an, dass es Ihnen willkommen sein wird, wenn wir darueber eine Aussprache haben.
Mit vorzueglicher Hochachtung
Manfred Geor
MG:TP
Office: 15 East 40th Street, New York City .... Telephone: MUrray Hill 4 -0192 -0193-0157 Publishcd by the German - Jewish Club, Inc.
I I
Ootobor 2rnd,19A0
t'r.Clnrk luGotts ^.^lldorf uv^toTlci llotcl
Dear Mr^Ootts:
Once nore I thank yoii for tho kind reooption t\e other day^when 1 cölled on you v/ith r.Diclior.You hrve hecn nice ^^nO rerrostiingly olear*
ToVririt: to ho ort your good advice,! v/rote tlio note on myself with 0 rnther {^enerous decree or boo^>t. That^c by no rrioans ploasnnt ^but I did
v;hnt I v;ai.^ tcld to»
Ploasc .^.ivo me tv/o ot tlirce more dn^s for the invontion of attrnctlve lecture-titlos^Ifoiind coiiie^but it may be ureful to polis'n thcii i^tll rriore*
I am, dear i-r •Gatts,
sinoercly yours
.eonold Scln/f:rzßoh.ild
(LflMOTS.i«.J
üüflLDOftF-flSTOftlfl
f\m yoRf^ (iTy
Oc tober 29, 1940
Mr, Leopold Schwarzschild Hotel Colonial 61 West 81 St. New York, N. i.
Dear Mr* Schwarzschild:
Thanks for the data and yo\ir letter of Oc tober 22* As Mp. Getts discußsed with you, we ai^e at the end of our season, so that there is an extremely slender chance of our doing much business for you at all, but we will keep you in mind for any cancellations or other good opportunities that may develop and will communicate with you*
CLARK H. GETTS, INC.
JHA/
emc
German Labor Delegation
IN THE UNITED STATES 815 Riverside Drive, New York City
WAdsworth 8-1747
Albert Grzesinski,
President Dr. Rudolf Katz,
Executive Secretary
Siegfried Aufhaeuser Max Brauer Dr. Alfred Braunthal Professor Alfred Kaehler Gerhart Seger Wilhelm Sollmann Hedwig Wachenheim
COMMITTEE OF SPONSORS William Green,
Chairman
Dr. Frank Bohn
Dr. William Bohn
Professor Paul F. Brissenden
Abraham Cahan
August Claessens
David Dubinsky
Adolph Held
Dr. Sergius Ingerman
Alexander Kahn William Karlin
Herman Kobbe
Harry Lang
Lucy Lang
Algernon Lee
JuDGE Matthew M. Levy
Alfred Baker Lewis
Simon Libros
Dr. Alexander S. Lipsett
Bela Low
Bertha H. Mailly
Darwin I. Meserolb
Isaiah Minkoff
Jüdge Jacob Panken
Stephen Raushenbush
Victor Riesel
Benjamin Stolberg
Louis Waldman
Joseph Weinberg
Matthew Woll
Max Zaritsky
iif
6. Ol' tober 1940
von 3r
> •
n
ote^'
Dr. Leooold ^CiV-^rznchllfl Hotel Colon.i. ^1 53 ^est P.lst f^treet. New York City
Sei.!? ^eehrtor Ile^'^ Dr. >^' '^^'^^ -^^cht* l n
VicOePi D nk fr IJr-^^i h<^r ':.l i eher! Zn-^Jen bor. r^-i' 0 rips^n.T^Ti L'^'-io^ Ti^^lep-- t.ion ^'-t ir, dlP^ei^ F-^io nur ih'^G ^el '-.tv^rc; :"]nr- liehe ^:licrit '" - aje :^Gsnnte' ^'-f cle^:okr^ti-ch':^7n "^orlGn ^ ehendo deut-ci.e ^ntl-ilr-zii. Be'^ep'uns ^^'et-^n. Sie hnt i:ire besonderen Bezlehun.^en zu !.!■-». V'illinn Green, President der An-ricn Feoerntion of L'bor, hei ^Intr^il t der K-t ^stroTiIie in Fr^^nkreich a^zu benr^tzt, '^ich nl (, -lle>:^ Fn'^^r2ie T'r eine pr^kti^.che Kilfsr4:tion zu Gunsten ö,.er* Gef •hndGtGn ein-.unet zen. Ich Yovvte >ein Gcneinnis, :enn ich Ihnen Tnitteile, d^^.s -fiio sein':rzeit einstir^mig den BoschJuns t-s^ien^ nicht nu ^ die en:^"eren Flxponenten 6c:^v A^bei terbfyvegung, sondern auch Vertreter ^^nde-er An ti-Hazi-G-ruopen in'unsere Aktion einz];bezi ehen.
Die Tioschlchte untreres deiitp^ch-f5ozi-lde.mclNrpti^TchGn "D::nkirchen" kann 1e1d';:^ jetzt noch nicht v-^^n r -ontl i cht 7^e-<-den. Von den et^rp 130 vi^.-^, die ?.reen^ s Intorvnnt ' on bei Mr. Bordell Hnl.1 fi'r r-^ia dert-^^hen ^"I '"r^^' 1,1 1 r.-e jr Fr-^nV^r-^oj ch h^r'^ur^'^pho] t h-^t, ^.ind b-^*o,]-)or> ot -^ n]? ^ o1n D>:'ittel "insoweit erfolgreich 'jcef^en, *^-i^ die !^nh'^>^er T^it ihren F-j^ilien ent'veder liier oder i'^ ■nov^t^Trr^i ^ind» Jede V^^^röf ren Li }chi7ng ■'b-n die Pet tT;n;j:s^.k tion ^^u-s d^s* Schiek5:5^'l der Uebrip:en nni? elter cGf~h-den. Leider j^t ^chon; rehr' e^^gen unseren v:i llen. ranches darüber in die Preif^e 5:Gärunren»
'71r freuen uns sehr darüber, d?ss *riv einen gering
en
Anteil d?rnn h;ben nehnen können ^ Sie und einiEe ^.ndere Bichr.-r n ch den Vereinigten St^'-^t^^n zu bringen. Das politi<?chG Hauptvordlenst in dioseTn Falle gebi'hrt zwei- fellos M:?. V/Jlllfiin Green, dem Sie ^ber nicht perr>önllch danken können. Er kennt die einzelnen Namen der von uns aufgestellten Liste i^b rhaupt nicht. Er hat uns die Auswahl und die Ve--* ^ntwo'^tung völlig überlassen, nsch- dera wir Ihm gegenüber die allgemeine nolltlsche Garan- tie für die In Frage kommenden Pers^blichkeitHn 'iber- nomraen hatten.
Ich habe mir erlaubt, Ihnen hierüber etkv'as ausführlich zu schreiben, um einer etwaigen Legendenbi Idung vorzu- beugen.
Mit besten Grüssen und ^Tünschen für weitere fruchtbare Arbelt In unserein gemeinsamen Antl-Mazi Kampf,
Rudolf Katz
K/d
TRAFALGAR 7-2000
^^z:^s:^<^:::'^^^^^-^^^ ''^
^SirT ^kS
Form 3806 (Rev. Jan. 21, 1935)
Receipt for Regislered Arlicle No.
Regi.tered .t thp Po.t Ofl.ce indic«
Fcc paid — ^r— -. ^^"'^ ^'"" pos/ai?<r-.
Declared viiUie '.-,-y,-j Surcharge paid, $
Koturn Receipt foe _-,--- M- l^^l'V f«^^ --
Delivery rcstricted to udaressoe.
nr Order --- Per vnid
'""^^iini-^i^^lo^^^^nvläce his ininnls in spaco iudicalint; rcstricted dehvery. ' ^
(POSTMARK OF)
/^i|j_ t/>>,
\0
POSTMASTER, per
(MAIÜnS OFFICE)
— f , „.,1,,.,;, „ l„,l, (..•..-..i ,ui ..u i.le..uli.-.ulic.... l'resorv.
oif iimilin«. u. S. CiOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
Gcrr.mn Lntor ^»olcG^vtion Dr.r.udoir I>tz nir> r.iverr: ♦Drive U.Y. City
nohr rre^rtc. r.crr r/r.I.ac7,,
v/ie vornbror'^et
209313
RECEIPT
Jhnen hier •> 40 »3^
DOLLARS
F^
CCNTS
Wit ber^tem Gruss Ihr
FOR REMITIER "to detach and hold
1^ must be pre8ented at OFPICC OF I88UE WHEN IN- QUIRY IS MADE REOARDINO ORDER - . . ' ^"'x^
^^ MtuiN« orncai
>
Leopold Schv/ar7.schilcl
K
FACING -L.AND5CAPED- PLANETARIUM -GARDENS AND MUSEUM -OF-N AT URAL- Hl STORY
German Labor Delegation
IN THE UNITED STATES 815 Riverside Drive, New York City
WAdsworth 8-1747
Albert Grzesinski.
President
Dr. Rudolf Katz,
Executive Secrefary
Siegfried Aufhaeuser Max Brauer Dr. Alfred Braunthal Professor Alfred Kaehler Ger HART Seger Wilhelm Sollmann Hedwig Wachenheim
COMMITTEE OF SPONSORS
William Green,
Chairman Dr. Frank Bohn Dr. William Bohn Professor Paul F. Brissenden Abraham Cahan August Claessens David Dubinsky Adolph Held Dr. Sergius Ingerman Alexander Kahn William Karlin Herman Kobbe Harry Lang Lucy Lang Algernon Leb JuDGE Matthew M. Levy Alfred Baker Lewis Simon Libros Dr. Alexander S. Lipsett Bela Low Bertha H. Mailly Darwin L Meserole Isaiah Mixkoff JuDGE Jacob Panken Stephen Raushenbush Victor Riesel Benjamin Stolberg Louis Waldman Joseph Weinberg Matthew Woll Max Zaritsky
16. ::ovoi^boj? 1?A0
Sehr» geehrter» IIe:?r ^"r^. ."^ch'Y'Tzschl] ri^
in (" ' ^ As 1 t'^j-ry V-^^e?* 2'.1 -••ton ^L-^'-ton zv ^^•-'•'*ri''-'f=^r). rinr-n Lei'ior» "'Or'('ion c^.io iij^s r;uj Vo"? T'' nnp; -^U^'nrlen l^-v^l'^
Zoi t 'M:r;^ -r; n-i r^ir^init'on CT.::.:'et L ^non, '".ie in .r^r L'^j^ nind, r^t-T-^*^ Iv-i '.n. l,-' gen. In Ihrsrn p-? .1 e ':ivC uns 'Us Il^^r^ei].] e ni t "*Gt eil tj 'x'^^h Gie von nn^-^G-'»er» rlo:'»ti^''Gn 0i"»^7'^nis' t j on. ZV, clr,:^ -j-i» Mic]^ D^. F.^'nv Bo^'n ^^nt^'^ni'^t ^-^r^.tten, einen Botr^-;;" vor. et":" 50 Do^l .? e^^aplten h^'ben.
■il-.-» f^i'bi t tcn 3e] b -Uve *:.-''-'t n^'l i ch von 'n* 3ni'^nci.oin eine R':cV - srhiivn.-^ ör:^ -clb-jr» irit !?cl^ i eri i<e iL. en zu k rnnrnn h-^"!:, Ande:.''Oi'roits sind '^n'. ^ b'':? ^l'^on C-Gn,7* eni.<^"on dnlcb'-'r»^ ^M e önrch R'ckz.nh.lung ih^or rei.nld pO oichsoi ti - einen Beitf»-?; t?';:::^ c1^:^n Fn->t' n- d^^r. Retten- ^•'fG-^l'--*^ Ci"''»'*'hen '^'Gben» Vi o] iG] cht !;;ehc ron ?.-^ g i n d*' er?e ] o t^: ^o-^e Z"^v. ''■ "jo.
'Ter.n nicht, no C'^^-nen Sie rijos >^t 'te n^r-'-t ^"i^ M'hnung
> f
1* t fien ^'0'^. ton
Th-<-»
o f
r V. CL O- L
23.Novo:ibor 40
Gerann Lnbor Deloi^at^'on Krrrn Hudolf Katz Pi! Uivors-ide Drive r,ew York Glty
Sehr geehrter T^err Katz^
Ig): hhbe cini/:e Tnre bis y\xv *ntv/o t pu.r Ihr fW3>r v-^ibon vo IC. verstreichen lnsr>ton,'A'eil ich hoffte, bo.ln^ond nntworten z\i koonneri, Lelr^or liMin ich er bisher niciit.r^obald es nooc-licl; reii' wird^wordc? ioi; :^iic moldeii Ich \'iil nur horren^drrs aunv;- ^je gefun- den v7erc]pn,dic ; ich. er Oofucilr. enthebon koennon^ruch nur <^3ne ; einzli^on der noch in i^'rnnlrroio: t^-uru ckccbli ebenen den V.'eß in ric x^reiheit auc:-. nur err^ol.wort 7\: hoPcn.
Der Hctra{;,un den es si Vn hrn^^elt^sind uobric^^nc grnnu An Dollar: zv'o' Trov^dlor-Choc-rn G ,1e '0,^
Ic). hoiTc^von Ihnen verstnnd n zr: • 'or<^'on,-unu 8io n'-^eo^i^t nr. einmal peranmllcli kennen zu lern^ n»
rit borten Cti-uesr^en
Ihr
German Labor Delegation
IN THE UNITED STATES 815 Riverside Drive, New York City
WAdsworth 8-1747
Albert Grzesinski,
President
Dr. Rudolf Katz,
Executive Secretary
Siegfried Aufhaeuser Max Brauer Dr. Alfred Braunthal Professor Alfred Kaehler Gerhart Seger Wilhelm Sollmann Hedwig Wachenheim
25. Januar 1941
COMMITTEE OF SPONSORS
William Green,
Chairman Dr. Frank Bohn Dr. William Bohn Professor Paul F. Brissenden Abraham Cahan August Claessens David Dubinsky Adolph Held Dr. Sergius Ingerman Alexander Kahn William Karlin Herman Kobbe Harry Lang Lucy Lang Algernon Lee Judge Matthew M. Levy Alfred Baker Lewis Simon Libros Dr. Alexander S. Lipsett Bela Low Bertha H. Mailly Darwin I. Meserole Isaiah Minkoff Judge Jacob Panken Stephen Raushenbush Victor Riesel Benjamin Stolberg Louis Waldman Joseph Weinberg Matthew Woll Max Zaritsky
119
Mr. Leopold Schwarzschild Hotel Colonial 51 West 81 Street WfO
Sehr geehrter Herr Schwarzschild,
Ich komme heute auf unseren Briefwechsel und Ihr Schreiben vom 23. November zurueck. Inzwischen hat sich die Situation unserer uebrigen Fluechtlinge in Sued- frankreich, sowie die finanzielle Lage aller Hilfs- stellen so gewaltig verschaerft, dass wir darauf ange- wiesen sind, alle irgendwie noch ausstehenden Betraege so schnell wie moeglich einzukassieren. Die Rettung einer Person kostet durchschnittlich mindestens 250 Dollar.
Da wir annehmen, dass Sie nicht beabsichtigen auch nur etwa einem einzigen Schicksalsgenossen den Weg in die Freiheit zu erschweren, bitten wir Sie hoef liehst, uns den geschuldeten Betrag von vierzig Dollar so bald v/ie moeglich zu ueberweisen.
Hit besten Gruessen,
Ihr
Rudolf Kätz
TRafalgar 7-2000
^ «:
5 1 WEST EIGHTY-FIRST STREET
Jan. ?n 1941
Gernan Labour Delegation Olf; RiversiwG Drivo
lUY.Clty
Lieber Dr.Katz,
T.ir ßin(i griiiz einir,.Ich hatte
4
die Abcioht, Ihnen dio 4o Dollar aiQ ii>l. oclor 1. 7U nclilcken,und Gle Icoonnen nlno In vier öder fuenf Tagen daniit rechnen.
loh wiederhole raeinen Dank
und bogruesre r;ie herzlich
Ihr
Leopold Gohv/nrzsohild
FAC I
NG -LANDSCAPED-PL-ANETARIUM -GARDENS AND M USEU M - O F - N ATU RAL - H I STORY
m
I I
HARRY D. GIDEON8E. PRESIDENT
BEDFORD AVENUE AND AVENUE H
BROOKLYN, N. Y.
October 2, 1940
Mr. Leopold Schwar2Schild Hotel Colonial 51 West 81 Street New York, N. Y.
Dear Mr. Schwarzachild:
I am endo sing a letter for Miss Pratt of the Foreign Policy Association which I would suggest you might present personally at the headquarters of the Organization at 22 East 38 Street, New
York, N, Y.
Sincerely yours,
•-^•\fli»
Harry D. Gideonse
HDG:S-d Enc.
Martin Gleisner 215 West 90 Str. N. Y. C. c/o Stern Tg
4-2415
Feb. 5. 1941
Sehr geehrter Herr Schwarzschild,
ich hörte kürzlich von Herrn Dr. Martin Gumpert, dass Sie sich um Josef Bornstein , einen gemein- samen Schulkameraden von uns .bemühen.
Ich weiss nicht , bis in welche Details Ihre Bemühungen reichen, hoffe aber dass Sie wirklich aktiv für ihn sind.
Da ich erst küralich aus Marocco hier angekommen bin und die Praxis der portugiesischen Konsulate in Nordafrika kenne , glaube ich , dass es für die Verweigerung des portugiesischen Durchreisevisums nur einen Grund geben kann: Bornstein ist vielleicht in einem Teil der alten ös- terreichischen Monarchie geboren , der heute russisches Gebiet ist. Dxe Konsulate haben di., Order , an gebürtige Russen keine Visa zu geben Sollte das der Fall sein, müsste man versuchen enteder durch amerika- nische Persönliclikeiten , wie Mr . Joy , oder durch die Hicem beim zuständigen Ministeriiun. in Lissabon intervenieren lassen. Das gibt dann ev. dem Konsulat in Alger eine Spezialanweisung^ihm ein ausnahmsweises Visum auszustellen. Man muss dem Ministerium natürlich klar machen, dass B. nichts mit öen Sowjets zu tun hat.
Eine andere schv/ierige Frage ist natürlich , wie er dann von Alger nach Lissabon kommt. Er hatte Anfang Dezember gehofft , nach Casablanca zu kommen und war uns schon angekün{:igt . Er hätte dann mit demselben Schifl wie ich am 21. Dez. Casa verlassen können. Leider ist ihm die Einreise nach Marocco nicht geglückt.
Man muss natürlich alles versuchen , ihm aus dieser norgafrikanischen Mausefalle herauszuhelfen und ich bin sehr froh, dass Sie hier sind und sich darum kümmern.
Zu jeder weiteren Auskunft gern bereit ,
bin ich hochachtungsvoll
\
^(^ /STs: f"^
-^V^
AL^^'
FORM 4e-4-ao4
• ■41-7eM
Guaranty Trust Company of New York
FiFTH Avenue Office Fifth Ave. at 44th St.
Main Office 140 Broadv^ay
New York,
Madison Avenue Office Madison Ave. at 6oth St.
December 10, 19Ul»
r
llrs. Valerie Schv/arzschild
~1
15529
\
L
J
1
CREDIT ADVICE Custody Ledger % Please be infonned that the following has been placed to the CREDIT of your account:
PARTICULARS
A M O U N T
Check received fron the Banl: of the Manhattan Co. as per cable of ll/25/i4l from Hans Se^i^.an Schuerch 0; Cie, Basle, Smtzerlc.nd.
Authorized under lic* -;^-lIY315297-BE.
From: mflin
Office
cust» coli* no y^ppt.
$5,000.00
Yours very truly,
Guaranty Trust Company of New York
1
I I
Dec^ 1.). 1940
John nimon Cu^^^enhelm Uenoriril H'ondntion .v.r^renry Allen r'oe 5r)l i'ii'th Av*
Dear iT^l'oe
Sorr:e wec'^xt) n{io vou recelved n lottor of :'r. Hetzer r^fJtrri^ßs nrl oi' ?.Tr*!'orrio D/'aldmnnn^rr^coMraendint; me
er a folloverilp in the /oimoMt ion.Later on 1 had th pleaeure to npcak v;ith you^
I f^:n ülac: to inrorn you today thnt thc To^o^^mi Tor t; ±v> opplicr.tion hnvc in *thc moam.'hile cUsnppeared.I round the pof'oibilit.y to v;Tito the book in ^ucrtion thc^nl s to a nor:ne;l ar^reeiüuiit \/itii a publlrher.
T thnnk :^ou Vor the attention and the intorest v/ith v/hich you iistenod to mv cnse r^n6 hnpe to bc allo> od to to erprers ny rentinentr. oi' highcct rcspoct for your and tho i'ouncation's v;crk.
GinocrGly yours
Leopold Jcli r;rz5ioUild
I I
Mnrch^ 6^ 1941,
UVm Norbert Outerman^ 795 Lexington Avenue, TTev/ York City^
Denr Ilr» Guterman^
«
hcre iß Pnrt I • Tlierr nro oorie chanees on pageG you trnnslnted alrendy biit not ßo much«
How is the third part gottinc along?
m
I hope to seo you soon.
Sincerely Yours
--•'
I I
April 9, 1941.
i.Ir^ ITorbert CJutGriTinnn^ 705,LexinGtnn Avenue,
ITev; York»
Denr ür, Gutemruag
Ilere ir. n ne\/ vcrBion of tho pagos beßinning v/lth III/119. Please, destrojr the cid pnf;es^
You \;ill have sono flfty more pngos at thc ond of the v/eek.
Sincorely
Your 8 ^
I I
April 15, 1941^
]^r. Giitortuning
795 Loxin(;l>on Avenue ,
Nov/ York.
Here nre üoiic sixty nov; pnß(3S»
Yours very tinily^
Leopold S'^'hv/arzcchild
I t I t
TRAFALGAR 7-200O
^0j,d CmlitiTitHt
51 WEST EIGHTY-FIRST STREET
Deo.1.41
-«^ >=••?.,;■::/
Dear Guterman:
Hera oomas v/liat remalne
of Saint Odile «A rello»
Vary slncerely
FACING-l_ANDSCAPE D-PLANE TA RIUM -GARDENS AND MUSEUM -OF-NATURAL- Hl STORY
I I
Jan»4«4<3
c
Dear Gut ermann:
Hera somethlng laore of the manuscrlpt^
They want me to have the whole thing ready^
on April lst#And they ant me to start with deliv Ing parts of
the Manuscrlpt beginnlng wlth Febr«X.
Thej are already beglniiiiig to make diiauüiei and
to send out salesi^en»
So you See th t v^e have to cont.nue in a staeady
flow,- both of US*
God bless your typewriter^
Affe tionatel> yours
*
c
4
I I
TRafalgar 7-2000
. . u: ?ii»! L-.
Sl WEST EIGHTY-FIRST STREET
Jan 16 42
Dear Gut ermann:
-X
Here are new pages of the
text,up to p. 75,
And here are some new
"Wittnesses" :p.Z;^10 to Z/24
As ^o the li^tter: you must only tran|(4rte the German passages. And x^ou must not givo tfe/these Q double coppjln this case it is sufficient to send me a Single, clear copy of the translated pftÄSges^^^rt;^**^
Vltiat about your bill ?
Trmly yours Leopold Schvvarz Schild
I
PACING - LANDSCAPE D -PLANETARIUM - GAR DENS AND MUSEUM -OF- NATURAL - Hl STORY
\
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NRW YORK
Äeralb ^B^ öTrihune
October 9, 1940
Dear Mr. and Mrs. Schwarzschild:
As you probably know, the Nev; York Herald Tribüne Sponsors each year a Forum on World Problems. It is attended by dele- eates from more than eighteen hundred organizations from all the States in the Union, and many of the discussions are broad- cast from coast to coast.
The Forum this year has been planned under the general title, "America» s Second Fight for Freedom." One session is to be devoted to the role of the creative arts in a world almost submerged by war. The keynote Speaker will be Dr. Arcn^bald MacLeish, ooet and Librarian of Congress. Many ^'riters, art- ists, and musicians, both American and foreign, will be on the pro gram.
Mrs. Oeden Reid and I hope very much that you will be guests of honor at this session. It is to be held at two o'clock on the afternoon of V^ednesday, October 23rd, in the Grand Baxlroom of the '»'aldorf-Astoria Hotel. We wish to huve the guests of honor seated on the platform with the Speakers, ana it is cur earnest wish that you lend the power and encouragement of your presence to the occasion. As s.ats are limited, ana the guests of honor will be listed, I shall be grateful if you will give me an early ansv.er, and let ^e know whether you wisu one or two tickets.
With best wishes.
Sincerely,
Mrs. William Brown Melojiey Editor, This Week Ma^a^ine
Mr. and Mrs. Leopold Schwarzschild Hotel Colonial
Columbus i^venue & 81st Street New York City
I I
NEW YORK
3H[eralb ^^Ä^ öTrihime
October 15, 19A0
Dear Mr» Schv^irzschild:
I am delighted to know that you and Mrs* Schwarzschild will be guests of honor at the Third Session of the Herald Tribüne Forum on the aftemoon of Wednesday, October 23, when the place of culture in a world at war will be discussed«
May I ask you to be there before 1:45 so that I may have the pleasure of greeting you personally and being assured that you are properly seated on the dais?
I enclose two tickets which are not transferable. As we have had to refuse tliousands of requests for tickets f or the Herald Tribüne Forum, I should appreciate your returning these tickets if you find that for any reason you cannot attend.
With best wishes.
Sincerely yours.
Mrs. William Brown Meloney Editor, This Week Magazine
Mr* Leopold Schwarz schild Hotel Colonial 51 West 8lst Street New York, !!• Y.
i
$1,000,000
CAMPAI6N OFFICERS
HON. MITCHELL MAY
Chairman MAURICE LEVIN
ALBERT ROSENBLAH
MAX J. SCHNEIDER
Co-Chainnen
JOHN L. BERNSTEIN
MORRIS FEINSTONE
ABRAHAM HERMAN
Vice-Chairmen
HARRY FISCHEL
Treasurer
NATHAN SCHOENFELD
Associate Treasurer
ISAAC L. ASOFSKY
Secretary
COMMITTEE
EDWARD M. BENTON
S. DINGOL
HON. JONAH J. GOLDSTEIN
SAMUEL GOLDSTEIN
MURRAY I. GURFEIN
REUBEN GUSKIN
JACOB MASSEL
JOSEPH SCHLOSSBERG
SAMUEL A. TELSEY
BENJAMIN J. WEINBERG
and Campaign Officers
BUSINESS MEN'S COUNCIL
JOSEPH PULVERMACHER
Chairman
TRADE UNION COMMITTEE
JOSEPH SCHLOSSBERG
Chairman
WOMEN'S DIVISION
MRS. LEON KAMAIKY MRS. ABRAHAM HERMAN
000,000 T T W F r^
IGRATION
Lampau
'f^
HEBREW SHELTERING AND IMMIGRANT AID SOCIETY 425 LAFAYETTE STREET - ALgonquin 4-2900 - NEW YORK
Jvine 23, 1941
Mr* Leopold Schwarzchlld c/o Mr. Frank Hartley 1 East 57th Street New York City
Dear Kr. Schwarzchlld:
Vie would appreclate a reply to our letter
of Kay 6th
Very truly yours.
for Isaac L. Asofsky Executive Director
M/de
3S3
^ '^ ^tO* L^ ,aJ.
^^^hM du ^d-HAjt : fift^^
>
^^f^rylnl^ Af
^hh\
fHj^^Ut^
\
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I
Dr. Kurt Hirsch c/o Bender-Lengyel , 19, Tudor Close 3elslve Avenue, London, r,7 7>,
S.Juni 19*1.
I
I
I
Sehr geehrter Herr Schvarzschild ,
von Bekannten hörte ich,d,qsp Sie in >Tew York sind •Ich freue mich sehr über diese Tatsache, dasR es Ihnen ge- lungen ist, wieder einmnl den Nazis zu entp'ehen. Ich hqtte auch Glück: ich entfloh am letzten Ta- ge des hollänid ischen Krieges aus Amsterdara und es gelang" mir Vsch England zu gelangen. Dort v/ur de ] ch interniert , nach Canada tranj^port iert , von v/o aus ich Anfang des Jahres zurückkaau Jetzt '
bin ich in der pnglischen Ar'nee,wo es rair recht gut ergeht.
Sehr besorgt bin ich um das Schicksal von Herrn V/arendorf , ü- ber dersen Erreh.on ich trotz vielfacher iTachfra- i^-^n nichts erfahren konnte« Ich sprach ihn zum letzten Yal telephoniF.ra am ersten Tage des i\rie ges und hört<=* von 73ekannten,dass er am Dienstag im Hafen von Jimuiden v'ar,urri eine j'ah.rtmö^'lich- keit nach England zu finden. Ich '-äre Ihnen, sehr geehrt '^^r Herr Sch^'-arzschil^ , sehr dankbnr, v^enn Sie mir eine Nachricht ^Ki^y.TLXKkxtnyi über das Sr-
rehen von 7ar^ndorf r:eben konnten «I^^a
IIb
c
le ei-
ne liöglichkeit hpben,an ihn zu schreiben, so tei- len Sie ihm bitte mit,dasF ich in England bin, und libermitteln f^'ir ihn und seine Familie die herzlichsten GrÜF^se.
Ich vnlrde mich
sehr freuen, recht bald vonihnen zu hören und
I I
I
REYNAL AND HITCHCDCK, iNC, 3B6 FouRTH Avenue New York
Deoember 2, 1940
Leopold Schwarz Schild, Bsq, 51 West eist Street New York, N. Y,
Dear Mr. Sohwarsschildi
I have read your outline carefully and to confess the truth I am rather puzrled as to what to write you. There is, of course, much in your thesis which is interesting and important, but I find myself completely at a loss to Judge what could be done with it in an American market without having a ohanoe to read some of the finished manuscript. Style and presentation, after all, are of thewossenoe.
I think, therefore, that all I oan teil you is that we den t feel that we oan make any conmitment on the proposed book at this point, and you will therefore feel yourself entirely free to offer it elsewhere. However, yhould you decide to carry on with the writing before making your Publishing arrangements and would care later to let us see say throe or four chapters, we should be very muoh interested in seeing th«
Sinoerely yours.
Curtioe Hitehoook
/O r\
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Ho rrn
Leopold ochwfirzschild,
Kotel Colonirl,
New York,
New York, den 17. Februar, 1941.
Sehr verehrter nerr ochwi^rzschild:
In der Anlage uebersende ich Ihnen den versprochenen Artikel und wnere Ihnen dankbar, ivenn Sie denselben gruendlich kritisieren v/olltenc
Ihr Sie bestens Gruessender,
^^'TmA (h^u \f
Dr. LI. Hochschild.
i^
I I
TRafalgar 7-2000
51 WEST EIGHTY-FIRST STREET
l^MWY^iRM.
Jan« 9 1943
Dear Hoellerlng:
Bomsteln sagt mlr^dass f mit den Leuten auseinander gegangen aind^dass Sie aber die samplee noch haben moeohten.
Hier sind sie. Schade fuer
die Zeit«
HerBlioh Ihr
Leopold Sohwarzsohild
PACING- LANDS CAPE D -PLANETARIUM -OARDENS AND MUSEUM -OF- NATURAL- Hl STORY
Franz Hoellering P^ 0. Box 52, Stamford, Conn»
den 10 • Januar, 1942«
Lieber Schwarzschild,
Ihre Muster sind excellent in Inhalt und Form« Bei- liegend finden Sie die Kopie des Briefes, mit dem ich sie an Mr. Lagemann geschickt habe» V/enn die Kerle nicht ganz borniert sind, wuerden sie von Urnen taeglich einen Text Verl angen«
Ich bin mit den Leuten auseinander gegangen, weil ich mehr undmehr das Gefuehl hatte, dass ich innerhalb der Office wenig haette ausrichten koennen* In der gan- zen Organisation scheinen auch gruendliche Aenderungen be- vorzustehen, und ich wollte nicht mit meiner Anwesenheit dort sanktionieren, was gegenwaertig an Wertlosem und selbst Unsinnigem produziert wird. Sie wissen von Bornstein, dass ich den Leuten in einem zwanzig Seiten lagen Report offen meine Meinxmg gesagt habe. Vielleicht wird das noch seine, gute Wirkung haben. In diesem Sinne glaube ich auch, dass es nicht schade um die Zeit is t, die wir aufgewendet haben. Jedenfalls danke ich Ihnen bestens fuer Ilire sofortige Be- reitschaft zur Mitarbeit*
Herzlichst Ihr
^ iläzUcML
Herrn Leopold Schwarz sciiild,
Hotel Golonial
51 V/est eist Street,
New York City
V
Franz IToo Hering ?• 0. Box 52, Stainford, Conn«
January 10, 1942
Mr* J« R# Lagemann
o/o Coordlnator of Information,
270 Madison Avonue,
New York Clty#
Dear Mr# Lagemann J
Enolosed you will find threo samples wrltten in Gtorrnan by Leopold Schwarz schlld* Vt. Schwarz schlld (Hotel Colonlal, 51 West 8l3t Street, N.Y.C., Trafalgar 7-200) Is the founder and edltor in Chief of ^^Das Tagebuch", for many years the leading Geman weekly, M*iich, throughout Its hlstory, took an equally decislve stand agalnst Nazlsm and Com unism« After the ascen t of Hitler to pov/er, it was publlshed In Paris xintll the collapse of Prance# In it, Leopold Schwarz- schild dld with the greatost knovi edge and skil^^any tl-^ings whlch the American Propaganda to vroimiany should do to-day«
Mr# Schwar^schild chose to wrlte his enclosed samples of a dally broadcast under the title "The theme of the day"« Thls means: he intends to select daily from the news of tlie day one jp eclal point of Interest and to explaln this point thoroughly.
The first sample was intended for January 5 and de als with the transformatlon of our automobile industry Into a total war industry* Tlie text Is somevh at dated on account of the President' s raossage of January 6, but I t?iink üiat the sample could easlly be used after some edltlng or rewriting, vÄ^ilch Mr« Schwarzschild could do himself»
The second sample, for January 6, starts this way: "The theme of to-day is a raurder, a murder near Paris, the murder of a Prenchnan by a Frenchman ••" It takes the assassination of Monsieur Parlngaux as the occaslon for explainlng to the Geitoan people the Situation In the occupied countrles*
• The thlrd sample, for Janu iry 7, de als with the measage of the President»
• • •
1 thlnk you ahoiild have thoao oaiaplos tranalated Into Engllah by sonoone who Is ablo to get tt^e many nuanoes of propagandlstlo foroe wlth Whlcdi Schwär s sdi lld paoka hla toxta# He nover far- geta for oiÄomont to vAiora le la spealclng. He knows exaotly ^at hla llatonor know» and dooa not Imow and what ooi.parlaona he oan uae to nalce hla polnt oloar. I thlnk the tone of tho saraploa la apeclally cood and offectlve and beg you, thereforo, to havo the translatlon done by a^rnettody who cai:i r^lvo you at leaot aomo Idea oi' thla tone« Sohwarzaohlld Iraaglnea theae text» to bo apoken ^ a vory qulet, aenalble, unexclted, honeat German-Amer loan«
1 hopo you will liko «neae aowplea aa riuch ma I de« ing llr» Schwarzatö^iild a coijy of tlila lotter« Hease directly of your declalon*
Slncerely youra»
I am aend-
Infonn hli'i
^■k
F. l'oellorlng
^n* «'•'•^«.^_
TRafalgar 7-2000
It^tci CidAirinat
51 WEST EIGHTY-FIRST STREET
Febr.J^O, 1»42
:'ti
'1
'■r-. :
lt
}f*
V- ►
Otar Boellerinfl
Pleas« do me a favor« l«t th« *
tentlator of thi» »cript oakt oaa carbon-CQpy
and teil your secrttary to send lt to »••
Thanka in adyanea*
I atUoh the bin Mlis Blsnar
aaked for today ,and X addrasi it to you aa I tuppoae that you hava to sign lt. I would In no way objaet If sooia day or tha otliar ona of thase Hat would matarlallsa Itsalf •
Thlrdt I add a nota ralatin« to tha medlum-waTa Inf ormat Ions «It Is Intandad to ba halpful to you If you posslbly s«a tha ehanoa to apead up tha dailTary of this
■atarlal.
Vary truly your»
1
PACING -LANDSCAPED- PLANETARIUM -GARDENS AND MUSEUM -OF- NATURAL - Hl STORY
TRaFALGAR 7-20OO
51 WEST EIGHTY-FIRST STREET
Fber.20, 42
Froffl L.Sch varzschild to Dr. Hoellering
D«ar Hoelle Ing, Yesterday, 19,, I sent You a acript. Today I get inedium-i»ave report« of Febr. 15, — whlch werc nearly excii^Avely on the fam« subject.lf I ^ had known thein,ioy Script would hve been differaBt.And I could have known them. They ap^eared ^ days bef ore I Worte ny Script. I got them 1 day after I had
wrltten lt. ^^^ ^ . .
Please do your best to alter thls State or thlngs.Whats the use In telllng the Geisans thlngt, whlch must necessarlly sound eraaive to thetü, as It doemn't even mentlon certain poiat» whlch were stressed before theo two ot three days before.
[
RACING- LANDS CA PED -PLANETARIUM -GARDENS AND MUSEUM -OF- NATURAL - Hl STORY
Dr» Franz J. Horch iUithors ' Representative
141 ^^,73rd otreet,i^ew York City, üc tober 15,^.^^40.
Sehr verehrter Herr ^chwr^rzschij-d,
mein Client, Herr ümil iudv/ig,iViontecito, vSanta Barbara, CcL-LLf , schreibt mir soeben, dass er bie um eine grosse üef Helligkeit bittet:
Herr Ludwig steht vor dem Abschluss eines groesseren Buches und moechte gerne v/iissen,in weicheren) Nummer Cn) des '^Ttj^ebuciis'^ er leisten ueber >^tler's xia.uptverbrechen (gegen den Rechtsstaat) und Wortbrueciie finden k/oin. Er wuerde sich dxe betreffenden Numi-ern in oanta Barbara auftrieben koennen. Es waere besonders freund- lich von Ihnen, wenn ijxe Herrn Liudwig die gewuenschte iiaskunft an obige iidresse senden koennten, ^
Ludv/ig haette Ihnen natuerlich direkt gesciirieben,vaisste aber Ihre Adresse nicht.
ich dtjnke Ihnen im Voraus in seinejn Namen und bin mit
vielen üimpfeh-iungen
ihr ergebener
Ootober 10, 1940
Hr« Leopold SchwarzsohLld Hotel Colonial 51 West Elghty-f Irst Street Hew Yorlc City
Dear Mr« Sohwarzsohlld: -
The only agent I happen to know person- ally Is the one I mentloned to you, Vir. W* Klngsley Wlng. A letter of Introductloü please find encloaed herewlth.
Tops among all agenoles Is, of oourse, Curtls Brown Ltd. but I am under the Impression that they prefer to handle oelebrltles exclTtslvely, and, unfortunately, I don't taiow anyone there. But I und^r- stand that Miss Certrude Algase, 400 Madlson Aye*, has been qnlte suocessful In that llne and though I oan*t Introduce you to her elther, let me stiggest that you approach her dlreotly.
Re. personal Introductlons to edltors of weeklles and monthlles, I prefer to walt untll after publlcatlon of your artlole In the Hat Ion next weelc* Please do not fall to get In touoh wlth me then* Mean- whlle good ItLCk and best regards,
Slncerely yoiirs,
Cwv^CV*i^^
Dr* Curt L* Heymaci], Editor lal Dept.
CLH:KT-pr ENGL./
AsiMON AND SCHUSTER, INC.
Puhlishers
ROCKEFELI.ER CeNTER • I23O SIXTH AVENUE • NEW YORK
v/'
October 9, 1940
/.
M^J
hi
7
Dear Mr. Schwarzschild,
I have Just heard fron John Tibby, of the A>Tierican Institute of Public Opirdon, that you are in New York, and he suggested that you might like to oorae up and have a talk seine dejr. I»d be glad to see you any morning, at yo'jr conv-änience, and S'Uggest you give me a rin^ and arrange a time. I am on Jury duty in the after- noon, but you can alwaj^s get me here the rest of the day«
Sincerely,
QUIJSCY HOWE ^
Leopold Schwarzschild, Esq.
HoteL Colonial
51 West 81s t Street
i^ew York City
'fL^'. Olcl^r-OVin?
qhzms
)
a(\Q
I
Jewish FRONTIER
Editors
HAYIM GREENBERG HAYIM FINEMAN
Managing Editor
SHLOMO KATZ
AMOciote Editon
DAVID PINSKI JOSEPH SCHLOSSBERG MARIE SYRKIN JACOB I. WEINSTEIN SAMUEL WOHL
BuflinoBs Monagor
PINCHAS CRUSO
275 Seventh Avenue New York City
Octobor 17, 1940
Doar i'i*. ocliv;artzshj.ld :
Unclor so-'oarato covor wo aro sonöinc; von sor.io rccent issues of oiir joLU:'nal t;hat will -cqualnt '/cm vjlth. its nat-^XPo ard polio5,G3t
V/o v/oiild bc rlad to liavo yon xiritn for oiir nac^^ino on nnv s.ibjoct th t fits in v;itli ouir gonoral lnt;eros1:3#
C> J
in 0 01*0 1t ■ o:irs
Slilomo .^---'i:
Telephone: WAtkins 9-5288
Cable Address: AMPOAUM, New York«^fc.33o
lewish FRONTIER
Editors
HAYIM GREENBERG HAYIM FINEMAN
Manoging Editor
SHLOMO KATZ
Afseciate Editors
DAVID PINSKI JOSEPH SCHLOSSBERG MARIE SYRKIN JACOB J. WEINSTEIN SAMUEL WOHL
Business Manager
PINCHAS CRUSO
275 Seventh Avenue New York City
Telephone: WAtkins 9-5288
November 14, 1940
Dear Mp, Schwär tzscMld:
I have recelved your article and liked It qulte well. But by colncidence you have choaen a subject that was dlacusaed in Jewish Frontler aa recently ae August, 1940, The limited space at oxir coramand and the raultltude of subjects that raust be dlscussed and commented on therefore prevents us from Publishing this article.
In a senae I was at fault in that I did not clearly indicate the aubjects dealred. I will therefore try to auggeat sorae definite toplca. The arrlval of some of the outstandlng literary figurea of Europe - Feuchtwanger , Werfel, Heinrich Mann - preaenta some interesting aspects for diacusaion. Torn from the cultural environment in which they grew and developed, will they succeed in taking root in this country and'^ontinuing their creative work? In the case of the first two, who are Jewish refugees as well as political exilea, there is the problem of their attitude and relatlonahip to the Jewiah comraunity and the degree in which thiaaffected by their experienoea. I aaaurae that the author of tlie "Forty Daya of I^sa Dagh" co\ild not have been unaffecteü by recent Jewiah fate. In the case of Peuchtwahger, whoae Stalinist sympathies have been marked in recent yeara, it would be interesting to discuss this phaae in relation to preaent day Ruaso-German friendahip. For our next (Decemberj iaaue, we would also be intereated in an article on the Im- plicationa of Molotoff 'a viait to Berlin. From all the above it should therefore be easy to chooae some subject. Any oi the above will be of intorest to o\ir readera.
I have taken the liberty of for war ding your manuscript to the New Palestine (1720 - 16th St. N.W. Waahin- Kton. D.O.) It is quite likely that they may want to publish lt. in that case the editor of New Paleatine will coramunicate with you to obtain your permission and to arrange the terms.
Sincerely yours^ ^v /?
Shlomo Katz
Cable Address: AMPOALIM, New York
330
■ ^"■\*>^
61 West 8l8t Street New York City
January 8» 1941
Ur« Bruno Jung Na^mrro Hot#X 112 Central ftirk South Hew Yoric City
Dear Ur« Jüngi
Tou have advised mo that you ar« doairoua of •eouring funda for your bueiness or of making a t]U8ine8a oonneotion and are in need of introduotion to peopla from or through whoca thia oan be arranged« I hare infonaed you that I may ba in a poeition to introduoe you to such peopla«
Thia will oonfirm that wo hava agreed as followst
1« I undertaka that I will usa my best efforts to introduoe you to persona « finaa or oorporations to enable you to ester into busineas relationship with suoh persona^ firas or oorpora- tions or with persons» firma or ooxTporations with lihioh thay may be asaooiated or with people rtiou you meet thraugh the luadium of thoae to whom I introduoe you« It is oontemplated that auch buaineas relationship may take the form« «nong other poesibilities« of a loan to you or a buainaas Tmture in nhioh you partioipatej the oontribu- tion of oapital to you or a buaineas venture in ^fcioh you partioipate^ or your affili^^tion idth an existing business venture or one promoted or oreated by the persona « finis or oorporations to or through idiooi I introduoe you#
2« If I introduoe you to any person« firm or oorpora« tion with whoflBi, or by or throußh the medium of i^om direotly or indireotly you #iall after auoh introduotion enter into buaineaa relattonahip« you ahall beoosie obligated to pay me as followsi
A« If the business relationship taksa the form of a oapital oontribution to you« or to any firm, partnership, oor« poration or aasooiation of or in whioh you are or shall beoome an oaner« part-oimer, partner, partioipant or shareholder or have any interest whatever, then you agree to pay ne as ooc;pensation ten peroent (lOji) of the nat inoome whioh you are entitled to reoolvs in oonneotion with aaid buainess and lOjJ of all salary, dividends, oommissionSf fees and other payinants to whioh you beoome entitled direotly or indireotly, fbr a period of flve years from the niaking of suoh oapital oontribution, oomputad and pafable to me annually on or before the first day of Febwary of each yoar»
y
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Ur* Bruno JUng
•2-
/?/tt?X (^
ipr- Jl^^rt^^ ^-a^^ B« If tha buslness relatlonshlp takes th« form of a loaxi)to you or to any firm, partnershipj oorporation or assoolation of or in i*iloh you are or shall beooni« an owier, part-omier, partner ^ partioipant or ahareholdor or have any Intoraat lAxataTBr^ than you ag raa to pay ma aa oompanaation an amount äqual to tan paraant (10^) of tha profitat Intarast and inoramant to vdiioh tha lander baocoiaa antitlad to reoalva upon or In oonnaotlon wlth/aaid loan^^for a pariod of fiva yaara from the data of Moh loan, oomputad and payabla to na annually on or befora tha flrat day of Fabr«ary of aaoh yaar» In Hau, howövar, of euoh ooDipanaatlon, you havo tha rig^t to elaot imniadiataly after *fcha. loan,to pay vm forthwith ona and ona^-half paroant (l«l/2^) of tha prln« oipal amount of tha loan. It Is undarstood that I ahall not ba entitlad to ooLipanaation for loana riada by tha partioular landar aftar flva yaara froni the data of tha flrat loan nxada by hlm«
C« If tha businaaa r#lationahlp takaa tha form of your Joining a firm, partneraJdp, oorporation or aa&ooiation of tha paraon, firm or oorporation to or through whom I introduoa you, in any oapaoity, nhather aa part-omar, partner, partioipant, »haraholdar, offioar, anployaa or otherwiaa, then you agraa to pay ma aa oompanaation tan paroant (lOji) of any and all availa, i*xethar by imy of profit, galary, dividanda« ooRouissiona, faas or othar paymanta whloh you baooma entitlad to in raapaot to «uoh affiliation, for a pariod of fiva yaara from tha data of auoh affiliation, oomputad and payabla to raa annually on or befora tha f irat day of Fabxuaxy of eaoh yaar«
D« If tho businaaa ralationahip takaa any form other than thoaa dasoribad in aubdiviaLona A, B and C, than you af,raa to pay ma as oompanaation an amount to ba fixad by ua* If wa oannot reaoh agreamant within 30 daya after making of auoh buainaaa ralationahip, tha oompanaation ahall ba dataminad by arbitration# Eaoh of ua ahall promptly appoint an arbitrator and tha two arbitratora ao aalootad ahall agraa upon a third arbitrator* Said thraa arbitratora shall datarmina by major ity vota tha aaount or amounta to ba paid by you to ma aa oompanaation, and tha rriannar in whioh paymant ahall ba mada» In making auoh detaradnation, tha arbitratora ahall, to tha axtant faaaibla, taka Into oonaideration aa analogiaa, tha tenaa of oompanaation in thia agraamant apaoifioally providad
8* It ia undaratood and agra^d that I ahall hava tha right, upon requast, to axamina and Inapaot all booka, papara and dooumenta idthin your oontrol, dlreot or Indiraot, in ordar to wrify any mattar t%^ lating to thia aGraament, axoluding, but not limited to, tha amount of oompanaation ivhloh I nay baooma antitlad to raoaiT« under thia agreamant«
// ff
mi
« . »
Ur« Bruno Jung
-»•
4« It is oontomplated tliat more than one buslness rolatlonship or arrangconent may ba nade^ aa hereiziabova dasorlbad« and It ia undorstood and agraed that I shall ba antitlad to oompanaa* tlon in raspaot to aaoh and evary ralationahip xnada#
Bm I shall not ba In any way obligatad to asaist or Join In tha norking out or oonauBciatlon of any buainaaa ralationahip or arrangaoient«
6« Thia ar,raacient oan ba modifled^ alterad or oanoallad only by a writtcHti inatrucxant axeoutad by both of ua«
thls af^reeioant«
Will you kindly indioata your aooaptanoa of
Tours vory truly
Laopola S<!$hi«ars6hild ^
ACCEFT£Dt
V
LAWRENCE SGREENBAUM EDWARD S GREENBAUM HERBERT AWOLFF MORRIS L.ERNST JONAS J. SHAPIRO WALLACE D.JENN'NGS SAMUEL J. SCHUR ALEXANDER LINDEY
JEROME HANDLER IRVING MiNTZ THEODORE S JArFIN BENJAMIN KAPLAN JUSTIN N REINHARDT LEO ROSEN
PHILLIP F. SEIGENFELD CALLMAN GOTTESMAN JOSEPH M GOLDBERG HAROLD H. STERN F HARRY OTTO JOSEPH B.ULLMAN HARRIET F PILPEL HYMAN SHENDELMAN
GREENBAUM, WOLFF S ErNST
285 MADISON AVENUE NEW YORK
TELEPHONE CALEDONIA 5-IB82
Jamary 8, 1941
Ivlr. Leopold Schwaraohild 51 Y/est 81st Stroet New York City
Dear Kr» Sch-yvarzcliild i
Enclosad harewith is original and copy of the proposod agröoEiönt, If it is satisfactoiy to both parties, both oopies sh:»uld be signed by each of you and each should retain a copy,
If you or Mr« Jung have any questions vAth rogard to this, pleaaa do not hesitato to call on me«
With kind regards, I am
oinoerely yours
ToJ lEH Enc*2
•.»'.••:
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TRAFALGAR 7-2000
Form 3806 (Rov. Jan. 21, 1935) ^ ^ ^^ (POSTMARK OF)
Receipt forRegistorerfArücleNo _4.(j_ ilti •) «^
Registered a/th^Po«t Office indicated in th« Postn«lrk . .^ ^.„^
Fee paid - Declared valuo J.
:em
Class postagc .„ Surcharge paid, $^
t I r
Return Receipt fee _ Spl. Del'y feo
Delivery restricted to addressoe:
In person. , or order Fee
Accepting employee will place his t indicating restricted delivery.
POSTMASTER, per
\
Space \
(MAILING OFFICE)
The Bender Htiuuld write tho niviiie of tlie addre.^e«! on lim-k heroof a» au iili-iitilication. Preserve an<l Btibinit thin receipt in case of iuquiry or appü/itioii for indetiinity.
HeRLstry Fee« and Inclernnity. — Doinestic re>»»try foea raiiKe froin 15 cent« for indemnity not excee<iinK $5 up to $1 for indeiunity not oxccediuK SI.ÜOÜ. Tho fee on doinestie regLstereil matter without intrinnic value and for wiiich indemnity in not paiil i« IT» cent«. Consult pont maater as to the specific domesiic regiittry fcea am! HurcharRea and as to the reKistry fees chargeuMe on reKistered pareel-poMt paekagett for foreign countries. Fees on dome«tic regiatered C. O. I). mail ränge frorn 25 centH to $1.20. Indemnity claiina luuat be filed within one year (C. O. D. aix months) from date
of mal mg. u. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 5 — 6852
i
tmi
STREET
ry 21 •1941.
Mieter Bruno Tung Hotel IJavero lir.sGtr.Pcrk So th liow York
Ily doar Mr. Jun^-:
Just < s a matter of fom^I roonpltulnte here thot in oon* se-uenoe of ny letter of January 8.1 Introduoed You to Tonerde Inc.67^Broad< str.New Yr)rk^ond therev/ith to the per- Gonr,,firns etc. v/lth ^ hioh they may be associated etc. You had Your Tirst ap- pointenent there on Januar"* 10.
I hope that You v/ill succod and I would he ^lad to be in- forncd of Your pro^jress fror, ti :o to tine.It nia-^ v eil be that in some v/ay or t^e other I can be of so le help in a (jiven nonont.
öinoorely Yours
Re^^.istcred
PACING - LANDS CA PED - PLANETARIUM -GARDENS AND MUSEUM -QP- NATURAL - Hl STORY
!•
Nov.ll^ 1940
Mr.Shlomo Katz Jewish Fr^-ntior P.75 Seventh Av# Nev; York
Deor Mr#Kntz
IIp to nov; I diö hesltnte to nnrv/or your vory kind invitatlon; in fact I covild not yet send you a manußcript*
Bqir^thls one may intorest
you
I onn not judc;c if tUe tronslotion — not to Gpca!; or the ti^-^^e it took ~ Is ßood.I evon doubt it Therßfiore I odd the fTeriünn original,- maybe you find it neoer.snry to change her^ or thore»
Sinoerely yours
Leopold ScVivvRrzschild
■l-J
TRafalgar 7-2000
5 1 WEST EIGHTY-FIRST STREET
Jan lo 42
Kern PUstlc Playlng Card» 530 West 4ünd str. New York
Slri
Would you be kind enough to send a»« to send me a card Inreplacement of the 3 Diamond attached to this lotter? This card,bcion6lng to an entlrcly xiew set, has stUt witiiout vlslble rea«ott in the hands of the player.
Thank you ▼• y much,
Tuly yours
Valerie Schwa zschild
FACl
NG-L.ANDSCAPED-PL.ANETAR1UM -GARDENS AND M
USEUM - OF - NATURAL ■ HISTORY
0ct.3t,40»
Lieher Ke st cn,
Beiliegenden -'rlof erhalte ioh von Leon- hard l'Ynnk.Gnnz genau d sselbe (kein Vic>uin|kein O-eld) schreibt die /riedmnnn inbc7.UG ouf ^Oßich, b)Thormann nn meine i rrju»
Oehon Hie Morcon,; reit^u^^nufG Oorniaittoo? Und koonnen Sie nir dann sagen wos los iist und v;ns ich schreiben soll und kann?
Es ist schauerlich*
Ihr
\
Kestoa
TELEPHONE ENDICOTT 2-3700
Motel Park Plaza
50-56 WEST SEVENTY-SEVENTH ST,
NEW YORK
OPPOSITE AMERICAN MUSEUM NATURAL HlSTORY AT THE GATEWAY TG CENTRAL PARK
Lieber Keister Schwarzschild,
herzlichsten Darfc för die so prompte Sendung Ihres wunderbaren Affidavits, Ihre 3PK Formulierupg war prachtig und hat meinen An-
«
walt begeistert.
Auf baldiges Wiedersehen
stets Ihr
D c. vj^hrscheinlich fahre ich Freitag nach Washington , wJrauf^ese^^^e Streich gegen mich xvohl aich sein ^?es Ende finden wird.Es wird dafür ge sorgt, dass die o-rS^Plsten Dinge unsereinetn schwer gemacht weräen.Der leSfeiho?ed?e superklugen Denunzianten und die super- dummen Polizisten»
*
ü.
THE BEST HOME AWAY FROM HOME IS A OOOD HOTEL
TRAFAUGAR 7-200O
Ä
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5 1 WEST EIGHTY-FIRST ÖTREET
Juiy 5, 1941
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l'w6ulcl df'c(b&se fe delißhted to write the ; letter for you, and would be honored to b'e nam«d as among the persona inthe U.S. who Know 70U. best. Please send along ,«; the f onus or let me kno'W if I slkll Write on ahy kind of Paper,. in quadrup^ic^te^ ÄS yoa^ said.
same trouble,— no, not exactly the same,-— - arose for me as a result of Gog attacking Magog« It is devilish hard to do a book of questions and answers on the war when declsions .. are being made ovemight of the mfegnitude of those in Russia. I haveai my own theoiy of what is going to happen, I think the Germans are goine; to tkke Moscow this sumiiier, but every- thing depends on Stalin» If he >as really made up his mind _-^,^ to fight to the bitter end, it will be too bad for Hitler, since if the Fussianö bnm everythinf^ as they retreat, in- cluding the oil fields, Hitler will pet nothinr^ but tears and sweat, I have, however, been inclined to believe Stalin would capitulatee If he wanted the best terms from Kitler he would make his Red Arn^r fight as hs.rd as possible and bum everything as they feil back, so that he would still have something with which to bargain when üttiBX he wants to quit. He might agree to demobilize his European army, or withdraw most of it to the Urals, anything to satis^ Hitler' s desire to remove the possibility of k Russia ever again during this war becoming the least threat to German arms. I dont believe Stalin can fight long, His peasants are certainly not loyal to theSoviet regime. His transportation system is bound to break down. He seems to be holding remarkably well now along his line of fortresses, but that cant last, do you think? It would be almost too much for US to hope that the Russians could hold ijntil winter. If they did, I think it means we will win the war, because the U.S, will certainly be in sometiue this year, and if Hitler is tied up in Russia until winter he wont be able to overwhelm Britain before our strength not only evens out the balance but gradually becomes superior^'tothe Germans. I am convinced we shall send eveiythin^ necessary, including an enormous expeditionaiy force, and before we have done with the war we shall have half a million
-2-
.:L.n
L»Jy4 ,,i\...^s/^.^' 1 -vcrT'
planes. Do you think this is too optimistic? Can you spare the time to write me a line and give me yoiir ideas which as you knowl have always valued ab(^y^ others?
The Oxford Press, it seeins to me,,^ behaved foolishly in halting yoiir book. But siirely you can ^et another publisher., Have you tried Knopf, or are you free to seil the MS elsewhere. You must be, because the contract must obligat et the publisher to publish. Tour. "Hanctred JJjkoi^sand ^ War Aims»^ Bounds like la certain smoess.^;^;^^^;'^:^^^ ^;;.
I am harried for tIme, as I have writteA only about 75,000 words and need another 50,000, which I should do in the riext three weeks^:,^ ^en ,on — ,aH'..'fJ ^m^^
Thanks for wrltin^, S/y, best ,; ,, r.c^
regards tö your charminR Frau, , ^^^. .^^^ ,-tiiTarr...-vo « '^?.! 3,^i«»vr a-xö
■•ii:- iW--« ■.;•.-. xoväri 1 Sincerely as ever.. , ^., . ,, . . ^j,:-, ^.^^^
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<iQZA University Blvd,, Dal las, Texas. July J£8, 1941.
Dear Leopold:
I enjoyed writing the enclosed letter and hcpe you \vill soeedily finish the formalities of becoming an American Citizen. Allovr me to welcome you in advance to the family/ whic^, with all its faults, is one of tte fev/ lieft on earth worth enterinftp Of coT.irse if we allow Britain to fall
which appears less likely as our Russian friends ^et in their work I would
want to renoijnce vay own membershio in the U.S. faraily. But I dont think we sh-all in the long run fall to do oiir duty. Vly book is raore than anythin^ eise a lashinp and a castigation of America for our tardiness, laziness, selfishness, and our beastly materialism. No I am not done with itj have written and copied nearly 60,000 words and have around 20,000 more ready to copy but must do another
20,000 or 30,000, which I should have done by August 1, manifestly impossible.
The R^Jissian-German war has almost paralyzed» me, because upon its outcome will deoend everything. Suppose the Russians do actually fight off Hitler until Winter, it may not then be necessary for us to enter the war actively as I have so long and so vociferously advocated. Not necessary in order to win the T-rar, but still necessary if we are to have the proper attitude toward the peace, and if we are to be allowed any important share in making the peace. Dont you think so? I enjoyed your eloquent analysis of the reasons why a political commentator on the Russian scene must hold up his hands and declsre he cannot comment. Yes indeed, as you so neatly put it, a political meteorologist is in an unenviable Position today. Before this daraned Russieji business started I was ready to f^ive
an answer to any ouestion. Now I hesitate if anybody asks me my name Have
you given any thouerht to the possibility of Publishing a ^'Newest Daybook" here in America. It is intolerable t'oat your unrivalled political perception should go unused. Do you get along with Paul 'Vinkler? Hethas been olanning s^me kind of new political magazine. ... lUy wife is calling me.... She says to ^ive TArs. S. and you Är'her best rer^ards... Let me hear from you if you discover any clue to the secrets now locked between the Baltic and the Black Seas.
As ever with my own bes-L regards to you both,
H.R.IMickerbocker. ^^^
it
Leopold Schwarzschild, Esn,,
The Stanhope, Fifth at Eightyfirst,
NYC.
^:^.
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Nev York Oltjr^
S^ptmber 29 1 X9il«
< .'- >^;
iK,
I hercty agrea tbat I si^all blot frcoD ngr oona^loumxejiglii tlw fast that X havü >^^<
re##lT^ 1800 tram ont H«R#X!iilekerbook r^ axir' eooeept ti:^t it thould b« wtlrtljr euufiMiltttt to Mi^ ihall Acnrer «
■ rMolIaet tt afaiiu Abo^ allp I •hcOl nefvml«t ii lnfXu.;Wi« t0 tte sUgfatast dagrte «gr mlatlonAfalpt wlih one H^IUKbic rbcoloir^who •hftU OonfllKis as before to iHjagr iQr iMLendthlp4i tmalUarid \3f \im dabiXltailne
tffeet of the paasaga of soona/«»«*
'k ..> -
Qn iQT vard aa aa mmc of tVie nmny of wnkindg
■p"^"
r Leopold Sobivaxiwahlld#
• <r. .<M ^ «
-•«->• ik- j^ • -«-» •
^Q^A LJnIveT'S'I-tq "Divd.
D^ll^'
Oct., 10, 1941
"^ear Leopolij
it
I have an i'Iea for sn article; I propose to share ivith you: you to no the ?:ork of c^et+inr up the materia-l an-l
I to write the story an'! seil it; ^^re ^hen 'Uvide fmy fifty.
'^he idea is to make a parallel of Iiin'Jbbr^':h'3 public Statements, and those of Ilitler and other i: portant Nazi SDokesmen. T knov; it has been done before but only spasmodically. I propose to go back to the first of Lindberr:h«s public Speeches after the v/ar becan and follovr thr-mnh until todaj^ attemptinr Dl.vays Iw itfi» to establish the orif^in of the ideas in Lindber;^:h,— believia-
m Statements ab out P.ussia shortly before the Gei-man attack. An^^ay, I ajn convinced vie svoilu hrve e salable article, entitled perhaps 'The Voice was the Voice of Lindberr», but the Hand was the Hand of Hitler l" or s^^methim^ alon^ that line. LOOK may pay us ^1000 for it, if v/e find sufficiently strikine parallels. I th ueht y^u mirht be willinr to do this, if you have the time; you cer-tainly are the one most able to do it best and cuickest. You cc.n .''et all kinc.s of help on Lindber"l> from the Fiitht for Freedom or other Interventionist committees. -^ley can refer yuu to p11 his Speeches and marazine articles, The Hitlei^ material and other Nazi Statements you kno^r; best how to find in the libfary.
I am caninr to HY about Oc tober 16 — will have one day, T lelieve, in the city then, and v;ill be as usu.-l a'o No. One Fifth av. In any case, v/heth-'r you like the idea or not, v:ont you :rop me a line nov/ in care of Colston-Leirh, who vill for.vard it to me the t'uickest way.
I greatly appreciateJ youi^ helpful s\xr-'^estions. The took is now beinr printe-.;, and ourht öo be out soon.
"Vith best re^ards
as eve
A
Oot.l
41
Doar Knlok:
It Is fiairny that I had exaotly t]io same idea ecme hoxirs bofor© your lotter arrived.So modesty forblds rae to say that It Is a ßood Idoa.But It Island I am dellghted to aocept your pact of oollaboratlon
The Problem Is the Oeman aide of the matter .Therö v;ill oertalnly be no dlfflcuL- ty In asBembline the Lindberc materiel.But it soems that ßerman papors do not arrivo anyinor more slnoe the beginnine of the .ar.and that at least in Nev/ York these volunos do not exist,— and nearly all the quotatlons v/e nood aro probably producta of the ivap period. I am told t:i t the Stanford-Librarv-Calif,, has sonehöw managed to oolleot the Voelkl- scher Beobnchter-but that v/111 not help xis much.I shoiad think that the State Depai-t- ment,too,must have been as effloient as that, and that raay p ove a posslbllity ,At the vory \vorst the NT Times mißt auf fioe.
But thls has to be studled,and I*ll begln tomorrov/ aftep hnving flnlshed some oth ^ urgent work.Untll you arrlve in NT I Shell have foiind out v/hat can be dono and if you call no wo can talk it over,
Glad to See you soon
evor yours
X
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A^
U N D !• R
S C H I M M K L
D I R E C T I O N
t < '.<>
HOTEL CORNHUSKER
JLincoln, Jlelyraska
f
Oct,, 25, 1941.. •
Archibald ''%cLeish,Esq • , Librarian of CorniTess, Washington, D.C»
Dear Arcliie:
This will introduce my friend and col'^aborator Leopold Schwarzschild, about v/hon I v/rote you* The specific thinr: he wants for our work is access to your files of the Oerman ne'vspapers since the war, for comparison with Lindber^h^s utterances.
Best personal regards.
Sincerely yours as ever
ic.^'-rDocxer.
ü
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L
INGALESBURG. ILLINOIS
HOTEL CUSTER
IN OMAHA, NEBRASKA
BLACKSTONE HOTEL
U N D E R
SCHIMMEL
D I R E C r 1 O N
U't
HOTEL CORNHUSKER
JUincoln, jleorasKa
Oct,, 23, 1941 •
Dear Leopold:
T enclose a note of introduction to /.rchibald ¥acLeish Wiich you only have to present to his secretary at the Library/ of Com-^ess in order to get whatever you want. You miF^ht Telephone before- hand, and make an appointment. I am going to be in "^ashinrj:ton Oct. 26,27 and 28 and am staying at the Hay-AdeLms Ho^ose. If you are there durin? ttet time be sure to telephone me. I will later on be in New York, at No. One 5th av,, Nov. 1, and again from about Nov. 3 to Nov. 13.
S'HITCTLT COTJ^T^r^^lAL: I have accepted a Job as Chief foreiai carreswndent with the new Chicar'o newspaper/ of
Marshall ^ield, no connection with PM« I will teil you all about it
when I See you, There may v/ell be 3 »methin^ pood in it for you. Put do not mention it to a soul until I rive the word, please.
'Yithbest perso; al re£:ards.
Smcerel;>^ as
H.P^. Knick' rbockcr.
Leo'X)ld Schwaraschild,Esr ., New York City,
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IN GALESBURG ILLINOIS
HOTE L CUSTER
IN OMAHA, NEBRASKA
BLACKSTONE HOTEL
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H, R« Knlokerbooter, Stq, Hot«l Park Plasa Si» Loult, Mlitourl Mar Knloks |
Ooto)>«r 2U, 19U1 |
Sinoa I talkad to you on tha talaphona, thara*t baan a maatln« of tha aldart on tha LlDdliargfa «ohama and I think tha thlug atanda Jutt about as It vat whan wa flrtt dlt- ousaad it« Tha Idaa la oartainly a damn good ona for a ■lacaslna artlola and If tha matarial !• thara, thara mlght Tary aatily ba tha klnd of littla ttunt book that wa talkad about. But at tha momant it^t magasina «tnff and not book •tuff and wa Mlttourians think wa onght to tit in tha blaaohars until wa ara thown,
Thinca look wall tat for tha birtb of tha ohild on tha thirt7r*firat. Mao tall« na ha hac Iraady ««nt 7on a oopr of tha Bill Shlrar lattar whioh I am «ura will halp a lot« «a hara mailad it to all tha rawiawara and all tha principal paopl"^ in tha trada,
Inoidantalljr «-« or not so inoidantally baöauta it*« i^portant Irita Tan Doran haa fixad with Shirar to rariaw tha book for Harald Tribuna Booka> Ha did a narralout Job on MT VSft (»DE?t and fron tha tona of the lattar ha will do likawi«a on IS TOMORROW HITLSR «ST :
I hawa baan doing a littla faelin« out with ^^Infonnation PlaaBa*» for a Frlday awanin« whan you ara hara in Naw Tork, You would find that fon, wouldn't youT Thay taamad rathar intarattad althou^ it 1« doubtfol if thay oould tum orar fast anough to do it on tha thirty-firtt.
Tourt arar^
Ourtioa Hitohoook
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Dear Knickt \
Yesterday I abkod Colston-Leigh to tronsmlt a mesßaße to you^-^nc' todejr your lotter QrrlveL. . / \
Kov/,fir8t of oll^l c'o oonf^n^itulate you^It nuöt be nice to pnrticipate in that^- hG^-tcid privr.te v/^r In '^liic o^an^:" in rriany ro- spects it nußt be nioe Tor you to rc turn to \ yonr old voc^^jtion^TJ^pt you oven thipj': of m^^ in
this corjiection iß JuLJt IJnioK-ei^bockori^end J thnnk von vcry tnuch» ' '^ ''J
The L2nl)ort>h-Kitler rese^roh is hear- ly ccmpletofi.It bas lod to nice discovericög xor iiiötanoe:
LiMbrIf v;e sey cur fronicr lies on tiie Rhino^they can sr.y theirö lioo on tVio ^ "^ Mississippis Viay^SO^ 1?41 Philadelphia ! ,
Kit 1er; V/erm zürn '^>3icpiel ein *^ . ' brltir.obor \:ini3t3- erviacrt^äie' britische ^ '\ Gronze liec^' ain Rhein, so ist dies ebonso äuinni \yie es unertraeslioh arror^c^nt und r^m^PSsencT ist ♦ Ks kooTuite nicht due^ier soin als wenn ich erldaerto^dio deutsche Grenze liej^^e am Mississippi jAmazonns oder am Gelben .^Insn^ Interviov; ^-it Karl v. Vieeand^^Tune 14 1940
As to ;^Jaöhinston the trip has become superfluous#)^3 far r^s they hnve the German napers I found the nov^oesary sources in Wev; York^On tho oth r hand ,tbe fev; thln^';s I ern still raissin^ belong to a late poriod^of which the Libraiy of Cone^resc hasn't the Gorman paers einher
3ut I an oertain th :t the two polnts
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in nestlon oould bo eesily ooiiiploted y/ltli tiio help of the filos ol the Gtato Depo rte^nent .These nire points \7}}ioh liave been treeted in Gerraany only lately^- Au^r.st Qnd oeptor:bor#T>iey are:
(i) The uiobilos of Poosevelt and Liß edrilnißtration^v/hon they ere pueMng Anorica into i/ar^are pure politicr^l üelfichneoG^As Lindbez'C P^ts it: *'The pov/o ' of the I.osL^ev.Adi.ilniotration (ioponds upon tho nciii:tcnenco of tho •\^rtixie <»!ierf^^Qnc3r#" The point v/as ariseil by Lindb. on Sept#ll 19<ll#Gciviim parnlleln ohmild be prior to thl3 date^if possible^ V
(n) ?h'it Rooncvolt hri3 alrer.dy 'V^rfirm XQore and inore dlouatorlal pov/orn into hios handa^' ^and tliat hc Ir; oer^er for ^/nr luct ^ beoausö he plans to do a\;^ay imder its oov i* Vvlth all A^nerlcan liborties^rroedon of v
speechjCongroso etc.»Thero/^^j^/tho ieriüan \, ci^üotations Bliould bo prior to äiB|ife'*ffla: 41^ and evenpif pocsiblo^to May Oot^3
(;5) That America can only be ouved by a"ne\/ leadGr^ahip'',- end that hag to be done by a kind of pop\ilc>r iipheavel, "through a roov/aI:enlng of tho spirit that broiiglit this nation into exlstenoo"^- "only if you^and 1 and peoplo like us^talro the roins in hond onoe riore,as our forefathers havo done"— v;hich ic im lißtakoably a prudently veiled hint to 1776 and a revolutionary procedure.lt io T;rory cloar tnr.t thio is in his inindi-»
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but probnbly «©9 tlio prescriptlon 1 ' to be founä rauch uore outopokenly In tue >oruan preis s «
liov7,I do not dosi>air to rind tlie thinpß hore^toop eomn vmy or the otnor\ 3ut if you had a friond in feiio State ^e- parte: lent and he ^ onla «^e Drilling to sacrifioG ono hour^we oould porli'-.ps i'ind much thiolrer stnff»
In t^iis v^ry morient I ßot a leetor fron Re:mold - Hitchcook on th© bool: 1(3 ea -^ vaty srirprlsingly indeod^— and a oopy of thoir lottcr to you of Oot^HÄ^ The airticle^of couröe^will not bo tiio w!;o?.e,and not oven tJie maln|Or the boolc^It v/ill probably only coapare the sayln^« of Lindbt vrlth the Goylncc of Hitler* The book ifrould h'^ve to treat to ifioro subjectö« Firet the dcvelopraont of Llndber:hß \\
Ideas and v/orclD^and Filvej's in 5<trict \
cccorö.incs vrith tho m^mentary pi^ltical neoo3sitics of Kitler^Seoond the critiquo of thosc iddf^s^their sonietlineö ßt7r5.kine oraptinos5;^thcip numerous inconsistenoieö otc I thinl: he could fcsB neatly be butoherod^But if and hov/ you v^^ant to pU2*8ue the idea ,th€it I do not }movr and It Is up to you»
bo 1*11 SOG you on Kov*l* In the meanvÄiilo I arides eilways^
smcerely yours
Leopold Sohvr rxßolilld
PACING - LA NDSCAPED- PLANETARIUM - GAR DEN 5 AND MUSEUM -OF -NATURAL- Hl STORY
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ALFRED ' A ^ KNOPF, Inc. 301 MAdIsON AVEhJÜB
July 17, 1941
Dear Vx. Schwar«schild,
Mr. Knopf TOuld like very much to sae you and to disouss your xaanusoripts with you
which he loarned about from Mr. Morris Ernst.
Won't you be good onough to call Mr. Knopf a|.^ your earliest oonvenienoe and arrange an ap- pointxaant with hiin.
With many thanks, I am.
jttej^Ä^^
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Your« fftithfully.
Beere tary t
Mr. Alfred JL. Knopf
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Leopold Sohwartsohild, Bf^q» 51 West eist Street ^
Kew York City
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Jiay ßZrd 41
I>ear Knick:
Thanl: yovi for yoxir nlco answer«
As to the lottor I askod for^it muöt not be TVTltten on a epoolal for:n^Any kind of peper oan be Uv^ckl^It imist be adreeced *^to v/licaa It zaay ooncern^^ swom in before a notary publio; rnd as tvo perrons ore conoened^Mr •Leopold and Mrs «Valerie Sohvmrzsohild^lt heo to be ßone in 6 (six) copiee^The offloial öefinltion of it is: •^Frlendchip Lct erstattest ing to stront; intercst and knövvlode© or appüoant^and of appiicant^e cood oharacter^öesirability and induatry»^
I t\n told tliat you needn^'it aay auch about my ^fe^oiily that she la nnrried ith ne slnce many yearr(14) ^^aa shared ny v/ork:^ is of e very cood Viennor.e fanlly (her fathcr wao Consul of Brazil in Vienna^clieö 1933) •
About layself it should be more Bpecific: *het you kne mc bofore Hitler in Berlin and Inter in Paris; sa^iicti ing about ny pari:Jonality,riiy papersgbooks etc^It aeens noce aary to say that you consiOer ne ar> an '"aßsetf for Aiierioa and that I an Anti-Nazi and Anti-Coixiuniöt #And that I am e Jolly good fellowi^too^
I hnte botherinc you that way while you nre in t^e t ick of your book^But BMiy be you are alrepdy f inlched when tliis Ictter arrives • Mr#Hltohcock (\vho,by the vmy^ooulÄn't nake up his mind to accept ny ''Himcired Thouacnd W r Ainia" before havlng aeen sone chapters) ahov'^ed lae the mamiscript — not the oontents^only the volJie ~ and it seomGd prot' y ouoh*
The Russian riddle laust^of courae^ effeot m^ny uestlons anc^ anov/crc^but ocrtainly you do not inclulße in propheciea^The fnots cre beßinning to out\7it oup v/lta^lUliis applies already to the mllltary a: pvCtr of t.'i.e situati-^n^ and I always r^noiuber a ^tord of the old "'Oltke^v/ho beloneed to the rare si>eoie8 of hichly intelligent Oenoralß« He said.in my p or tranolation:''In chatten
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•In?! r" °;? Pf3iot tili to tho laofflont v;hen the ?S?i^ h.«^«^^''^^^??*^^^^ örawins up.Afterwnrds overy« 1« Sf^f^r ° ««*^^»e •>« undiaoovered Geae.-If this 18 a?r^I ^L%^*'°^'r^ S*^ «^^ ^^i« lnfonaations.it have eipeoted the strength of the •'usrlan reelstance
?f?«* i® '*'' ''^''*'?f fiertructlon in tlia most trylng kSöv.« JJ^J'^^^'^^'i^ time^But v;ho really know^Bj-ho
nloatlons will be nore haraful to the retreatia S^n to the aövanolng pnrty? In fact.ovon in thSnilitor? ^ufllt T ^''^P?? ^^^^ eloneStary ravv S.^terlrÄ
«rSflS 5^ *^^-^^ '^'^ proeno£:ticGte hat zaay be In störe?
5^««;i^ , ?Tr^, ^y f^^** ^*^ ^"^^ « decree thnt ronny a f^^^T^^ "^^^ ^^ *° Comnrunism.« no possifcllity is «xclus-'ed^none too remote an<l ridioulou8..T iß L not e loglonl £wo-party-v/ar like the 1- ot onelbut a zi^aX three-party-xvar plu8 elinraerlnß revolutlone plus"
£21* ®/?*'°'*°f^^°'^'^^ <*ictotor-intereet8,c.n<3 the oomblnationr. in so manyfold a chese-ßnnl cve innumerfble I often enjoy the faot thnt for me uTe neoessi??.^? ^^® oaking a paper overy week ia endod.et leest for' t>e A S4t!i°f.:"^f ^°'' *^® mißsion of a raiesionary re.^ins, L^iiL^"" fv ^^^^''^ ^'^ ^« e hlstorioal nateroo- loglst Ir in there daye in a very uncomfortsble pooiti-n
ne 18 in the main an Clement of the fornatlon of - wlll-power someticies of the foniotion of knovvledGe.l
JS«; Si,1 *V-^ ^^^?^ ^'^^ ^®^ ouch.indeSd.ond hope that you enjoy a nice sunaer.in splte of 'our labors. Mit Handkuss fuer die gnaeöiee Frnu I roraain
fours
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Leopold Schvmrzohild Bsq« 995 Fifth Avenue New York City
/rom öffice of r he publisher of Borzoi Books Alfred A- Knopf ^01 Madison Avenue • NewYork
Dear Mr« SohYrarzchild,
There are good reasons why we oould not publish GOG AND MGOG, but I would like very much indeed to have another talk with you» Perhaps you would telephone nie Friday -- 1 shall be out of town tomorrow — - to fix up
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Augußt 6t h, 1941
Yours faithfully, Alfred A* Knopf
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Telephones: PLAZA 3-4761
Alfred A Knopf Lwrporated
501 Madison Avenue N E w Yo R K
September 29th, 1941
Dear \&r. Schwarssohlld^
Ur« Strauss and I both read wlth Interest the outline you left the other day* But, for the lifo of me, I cannot eee thie as a saleable book* There is really nothing in the outline to show how your treatment of the history of the twenty years preceding the war will differ essentially from many other 8 that have been written, That it would be different I have no doubt, but the outline doesn't help me. The market for such a book, such as it is, has, I think, been covered by two volumes, and a third shortly to appear, by Frederick L. Schuman. So far as cur list is conoerned, that is to say. So, I am returning the out- line to you with the realization that you may not have put your best foot forward in it.
With kind regards, I am
Tours sincerely.
Alfred k. Knopf
Leopold Schwarzschild Esq# 51 West eist Street Hotel Colonial New York City
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Foreign Books Office: 138 Haven Avenue
FRIEDRICH KRAUSE
New York City Telephone: WAdsworth 3-4834
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Mr# Leopold Schwarzachild Colonial Hotel West 8l3t Street New York City
October 17, 194o
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Sehr geehrter Herr Schwarz schild,
meine Frau und ich freuen uns sehr, dass Sie morgen, Freitag abend mit Ihrer Frau zu uns zum Essen kommen Nur moechte ich Sie bitten, erst etwa um 8 Uhr zu kommen, weil ich vorher noch einen auswaertigen Ge- schaeftsfreund, der sich unverhofft anmeldete, ab- fertigen mus3#
^s gruesst Sie herzlich und mit Hochschaetzung Ihr
Friedrich Krause
in:«
Foreign Boolcs OfRce: 138 Haven Avenue
= FRIEDRICH KRAUSE
New York City Telephone: WAd$worfh 3-4834
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Mr» Leopold Schwaraaohild Colonial Hotel West 81at Street New York City
October 14^ 194o
Sehr geehrter Herr Schwarzschild,
es hat mich sehr gefreut, als ich von Herrn Konsul Dr* Schwarz erfuhr, dass Sie hier auf sicherem amerikanischen Boden eingetroffen sind« Seitdem wir uns das letzte Mal in Paris gesprochen haben, ist Ja al- lerhand passiert» irotzdem halte ich als •• letzter Mohikaner* ftm mei- nem Bestreben fest, eine Zentralstelle deutscher Literatur zu bilden« Ss wuerde mich sehr interessieren, zu erfahren, ob Sie Ihr Heues Tage- buch hier fortzusetzen gedenken* üebrigens laufen in dieser Hinsicht dauernd Anfragen bei mir ein* Ich bitte Sie deshalb, ah einem der naech- sten Abende einmal zu mir zu kommen, damit wir uns ueber alle diese Dinge aussprechen koennen* /(^-»^^xf ..^_^c^..ww yC=^-^y
In Erwartung Ihrer freundlichen Nachricht gruesst Sie bestens Ihr
Friedrich Krause
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GEORGE BACKER PRESIDENT
JACOB BLAUSTEIN
CHAIRMAN
HAROLD K. GUINZBURG VICE-PRE8IDENT
JACOB LANDAU
SECRETARY A MANAGING DIRECTOR
LONDON
PARIS
JERUSALEM
WILNO
WASHINGTON
KßÖJtöIi ®ßkgrapl{tc ^gencü, (3lnc
1560 BROADWAY NEW YORK CITY
EDWARD M. M. WARBURG TREASURER
August 27, 1940
Mr. Leopold Schwarzschild Francfort Hotel Lisbon, Portuaal
Dear Mr« Schwarzschild:
Your si ster-in-law showed me your recent letter. I knov; you will be pleased to Icarn that visas were al ready issued and cabled to Grete Freund and to Joachim Haniel and that visas may be expected within a very few days for Dt. Hugo Bieber and Lily Jacoby. Should you know any others who have been overlooked 1 am sure 1 could hand these namcs on to the proper parties.
\Ve were happy, indeed, to learn that you and fvirs. Schwarzschi Id are in Lisbon, I look forv/ard to ^-^our earliest safe arrival hcre.
\Ay husband is in South -\merica and Morris Waldman is on vacation, I will teil him of your letter when he returns •
With all aood v/ishes.
Sincerely yours.
lüA LAIIDAU
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Fcbruary 13, 1941
Mr • Leopold Schwär fzsch I I d
Hot€ I CoIAnldl
51 West eist Street
New York City
Dear h/x . Sc hwar tzschi I d :
I spokc to Mr# Huxicy» He \s going to \7ashlngton but If you call him next Monday or Tuesday, he will be glad to see you#
JL:F
S 1 nccre I y your s.
. ^^TU^Oc-^flÄ^
JACOB LANDAU
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©ti^rgms ^ßfas c^S^«^? 3"«^'
1 O 1 Park Av e n u e
NEW YORK. N. Y. MURRAY Hill 3-2997
July 21, 1C41
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l'.Vm Leopold Scrr.vQrzschild 51 Vvest^Blst Street
'«•»•r Yr»r»l
ov;- tone, ^ • !•
Dear '"r» So'Marssohild:
Ily husband read yovir article and
feels that you v/o.:ld indeed renlize inore 2von the sale
« of it to sone na^azine, than from its salo to our
neT/spapcrs«
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101 Park Avenue new york. n. y.
MURRAY Hill 3-2997
July 25, 1941
Mr. Leopold Schwarzschlld I he Stanhope
F If th Ave at 8lst btreet '\w York City
Dear Mr. Schwarzschlld;
I ha e your letter of JU!y 23rd# Before we publfshyour artlcle we would like to know on what your Information \s bäsed and suggest that we get together sometime on Ktonday»
^ I ncere I y your s^
JL:(-
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JACOB LANDAU
UÄ€ stahihiope
C.
Jtay ?3rd X941
lfrr«Ida Land&u
Ona
101 Park Av»
Hev; Tork N.T.
Dear Mr8*Lanä8u:
Thank you vory xssxf . for the traue- lotor.I hope he'll do tho job well,
As "'ou nay hnve seen in today's Hew York Tinea »pftge ir:,tho otory Is nov; beßinnlne to leak out.The Manchoster Guardian hns mofle the flrst hints^Now t is has f tarted, it oan be supposed that it v/ill be oontinued, end thüt the vdiolo story v/lll bo publisbed 8orrvev*ore in the ootirse of the next tv/o
weekB«
For me this meens that it will pro-
bably be iapoßsible to seil it to one of the magazines wt.icti ti.T^ prlntod for weeks in advanoe« •Kewepapers will be the only pOv'^ßlbility^Thus^lf you would like to send
1 i
it out in your ONA,it v/ould bo fine and I wouia glnaiy loftve it to you.I do not doubt tbat in the l?iaitß of tbe poeribllitieo it would b© 0 succeas for both pf ua«
If you Qgroe,Jußt oall m« up and I could teil ßr.Kßtzonstoin to band the the translation — whioh will be roady Fridey nornln.-— to you instead of rae.
Slnoerely yours
1
1
I I
I .'
July 3o , 41
Denr ''r^Landüu
Ae to tlie idQh of a Coisaan attack on J"apan,not g ivord of t!int kinC is to bö found in r.O£5onborG»nau6aorer ox Bfinee.On the oontiT.ry.In üboiit 20 books thoy propl.esy a b: llllont nnd JUcniriG- tlnß future for Japan^nt the o-T>ensc of ait.or »usßiü,Britain or :;ranoe,in q cciiiain (locree üIko of USA.i'or Bana» eeOtirayLiOi.! icusons eicluÄ?^ oven tlieoretioally the poseibillty of ii war bGtv.ecn Cernyjny and Jnpun«
Ton ncnt.loneö a book cn n certain Aaericcn^v.-Jiloh in tliit noKcnt is bcing v.Titten or
plannecl.lt
ar- ix rntiny yecrs a^o a very intGrc
cting fnot relGtiiii^ to t:.i: lifo „es putliched in one edition of the Chiof.^o Trlbuno^tut yupprecsed in the »«st oc'.?.t.ioii anO ncvv r again cpcken of,I co.lö sive you '>.e ivcze cf a man^wlio kncwc tiie rjan pretonäi'is to be in pofjßer.sion of tl.e öettils, I v;Qnt to c.dd thtit I do not know tlie latter and hi^VQ not t!:o elielitöEt oplnion on the ctory.
.1
yf
or t roG
ny I asic you to aond oie tv/o C3^ioL; of
the ''GGB-ßtory ? Iriöod it urüently
m
riiarJc you^
iSinoorely youre
Leopold SoUwr.rT'ccMld
VI
TRafalgar 7-2000
"^
v-:-t'
'rr>i
IC0I
A :V !
51 WEST EIGHTY-FIRST STREET
Ootober 24th 1940
I.Tics Frnnces Pindyck c.o^Lolnnd Haywnrd Ino. 654 IJadicon Av. N.Y.CITT
DGsr riss Pjndyck:
Hero is now tlie trrnslntlon of thnt article on Petnin^
May it ploase you*
I ropn'^t ,thnt a
socond one on a oertain aspect of tho
conouect of Houmani'3 is in ttinc norc:ens
hnnd'^s,- and that J um beßinning nn ocsay
on the pe/sonality of a mun crilled
Pierro Laval*
Sincerely yours
Leopold Soiwarzschild
FACI
NG - LANDSCAPED -PLANETARIUM -OAR
DENS AND MUSEUM -OF- NATURAL- HISTORY
I
H^RPBR'S Mi^GAZINB
HARPBR & BROTHERS J>UBL.I8HERS
4e BAST 33r> 8TRBBT NBW YORK, N. Y.
November 20, 1940
Dear Mr. Schwarzchild:
We can't use your piece about Ifershal Petaln I am soriy to say. It is a close shave at that.
Please let me know what other ideas you have.
Sincerely yo\irs,
Leopold Schwarzchild, Esq, Hotel Colonial 51 West eist St. New York City
GBL:rsr
LELAND HAYWARD, inc.
AOENCY
654 MADISON AVENUE NEW YORK CITY
REGENT 4-7000
caiile"hayw\«e'
Nov. 8, 1940
De: AR Mr Schwarzchild:
'he: ne:w Version of HETalN OF VICHY is mäht, MAfJY
TIMES BETTLR JUAN THE ORIGINAL TRANSLATION YOU LET ME SEE T Ki REALLY SORRY THAT It's TOO LATE NOW TO DO ANYTHINB WITH THE PIECE.
As FOR liWASION NO. lO ~ tnis IS NOT only out
OF OATE AT THE MOMENT, BUT IT*S POORLY WRITTEN. AGAIN, WHETHER IT's THE FAULT .F THE TRANSLATOR OR YOJ ARE TO BLAME, I CANNOT SAYI
I'M REALLY SORRY, ANO DO TRY ME AGAI N.
SiNCERELY
-^^^^^^th^cS^SxxM&^-i.^^
Frances Pindyck
fp:lb
Mr i-EO:*OLD SCHWARZCHILO
Hotel Colon ial 51 West 81 br. N.Y.C.
ENCLS.
LELAND HAYWARD, IHC.
AOEN CY
654 MADISON AVENUE NEW YORK CITY
RE0eNT4-7000
cablc"haywire'
Dec. 21, 1940
Oear Dr, Schwarzchild:
Here for your approval and SIGNATURE ARE three copies
OF YOUR CüNTRACT WITH OXFORD UnIVERSITY PRESS. WILL ?0Ü PLEASE .N.T.AL THE CHANGES. SIGN ALL THR^E COP ES ANO RETURN THEM TO K'E? I SHALL THEN GET Mr . VaUDR I N S SIGNATURE AND RETURN ONE COPY FOR YOUR RECORDS.
Mr. VaUDRIN will send YOU A LETTER COVERING THE ARRANGEMENT WE H.VE MADE ABOUT ^''^ ' ^'^"'^^ "°'' " , ,„ BEING PAID YOU SHOULD YOU NEED THEM FOR THE «RITING OfThE BOOK. ALSO. HE WILL 8E ASK . NG ^^^J^^^^^f ^50- WORD DESCRIPTION OF THE BOOK TO BE USED «^ORJ^^^^^^^ TO NEVVSPAPERS. ETC. He'LL WANT B.OGRAPHICAL DETA LS AND SUGGESTIÜNS FOR PUBL.ClZrNG THE WORK " ^HAT IS, A LIST OF PEOPLE V.'HOM YOU KNOW V/HO MIGHT "^l-P I ^ PUTTING Oy/ER THE BOOK. A F0R^4 TO BE FILLED IN WILL
E ciM^N^TO YOU SOON, BUT I THOU.HT ^^/">^:^ J^°^ ^^^^ mm TO START VVORKING ON AT LEAST THE 250-WORD DES- CRIPTION.
SiNCERELY YOUR
%oiL^-«^A^
Frances Pindyck
FP'.LB ENCLS.
Dr. Leopold Schwarzchild Hotel Colon ial
CoLLWßus Avenue Arjo 81 st St. N. Y. C.
(^SPLCIAL DLLIVlRY)
Deo.ßb« iJ'iO
Lelrnd lTr>yv/ard Ino« 054 i'.adir.on Av, II.T.Gity
I
Dear Miss Pindyok
4
Kore tho throe oonies oT tiio aontraot v/ith O:irora i>i*eas,cluiy initialod and signcd^Tho neorly illiaible nrmo of the v;itnoö^if tiin ahv-^uld be inportontjis I^C^Sckhcirdt^livi/ie; in tie
I shali t;>l-diy write o Short ("^esoription ol* tpo book^tiut in ViThicJi lanüniinfflrr.i raunnor and for hrt purpose? Coriouß? i'^or ßcrerul Publicity? riefise let Llr.Vaudrin tfjll rao nov/ i;e
v/nntß it«
Vory sinorrely yours
Leopold SoiiY/arzscliild
LELAND HAYWARD, inc.
AOCN CY
654 M ADI SON AVENUE NEW YORK CITY
REGENT4-7000 CABLE"HAYWtRe''
Dear Dr. Schvvarzchild:
Dec. 27, 1940
HeRE für YOUR RECORDS IS ONE COPY OF YOUR CONTRACT WITH OXFORD UfJIVERSITY PRESS.
Singer
Frances Pindyck
FPlLB ENG*
Dr. Leopold Schv;arzchild Hotel Colon ial CoLUMBUs Avenue and 8 Ist St. N. Y. C.
|
LELAND HAYWARD, inc. |
|
AOEN CY |
|
654 MADISON AVENUE |
|
NEW YORK CITY |
|
RECtNT 4-7000 |
|
CABLt"HAYWIRE*' |
December 27,19^0
Mr. Leopold Schwarzchlld Colonlal Hotel Slst St. & Columbus Ave. New York, N. Y.
Dear Ivir. Scliwarzchlld:
Enclosed herewlth Is our check to your order for $5^0.00 representlng the net proceeds of payment recelved from the Oxford Unlverslty Press coverlng advance royalty on TOVARISH HITLER as follows:
Gross Amount Less: Commlsslon
600.00 60.00
Check herewlth !|54O.00
Sincerely youra,
CHARLES H. RENTHAL
CHR:th Encl.
LELAND HAYWARD, inc.
A 0 E N CY
654 MADISON AVENUE N EW YORK CITY
REGENT 4-7000
cable"haywire"
FcB. 7, lOil
DiiAR Dr.. Schv.'ARZchild:
As YOU REQULSTED, I V.ROTE DIRCCT TO ADRIf.MNE
Thomas about her ap.ticle:. Ycu'vc procacly heard from hcr simce tuen.
I VAS VERY irJTCKESTED IM LUDV'IC LO'^e'S COMMEi^TS AbüUT YOU A.NÜ 1'. SEND I HG THE C LI IT IMG CM TO Ur. VaUORIM. I THIMK HE 3H0ULD 5EE IT.
YOURS il
"*t~)ai«<p-, \
FranC£S Piudygk
fp:lb
Dr. LroPOLD Schvmrzcuilü
51 ^T Cl St.
N. Y. C.
TRAFALGAR 7-2OO0
5 1 WEST EIGHTY-FIRST STREET
tfay 7. 41
j. . . - t ■
Denr !'irG Pindyok:
I'n r.endinß yon r ol-.rptor of tho bool: I'm v/ritinä.'ind B&tcticdi v;o\acl enjoy If you \ ould rend It.iirfct to hear ''our cplninn.Then to find out v: .at oould be uned for the nagar.inos«
I bellcve thnt pnc© f^n-?! could be v/olocme.PorVr.pn un-^cr thn title: " Th e rqcrnn of I iperlf^ltst .F.r#"
Then,for n heftvicr publicati n, thcre It' P'iGö 1'-^ tili "9,or poosibly tili 4o. The co-ipnrif.on bctween Ancrioan and l:ucßinn induatri 1 firrt rt gcs ere entirely new nnc aaay be intorctin^.It ooul(^, be Gr.lled:*Mio r^vlr^tf ,Qfit.-.h un wlth Rnd surpass'."
i'll bc Gl'^^fl "to honr f ro . you«
Sinocrcly oii-,t?s
Leopold Schvmr/.ool^ild «Igg Froncco i'lndyck Lleland llay./ard 6'5 L'^diron Av,
JT Y
V.
1
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PACING -LANDS CA PED- PLANETARIUM -GARDENS AND MUSEUM -OF- NATURAL- Hl STORY
I I
LELAND HAYWARD, Inc.
AGENCY
654 MADISON AVENUE NEW YORK CITY
REGENT 4-7000 CABLE "haYWIRE"
JULY 10, 1941
Dear Im . «VicKaughan:
^ERCt AS ARf^ANGED, IS THE LloPOLD bCHV/ARZCHILD MANUSC.IPT.
I SHALL LOOK f ORWA^D TG HEARING FROM YOÜ WHEN YOU HAVE READ IT.
SiNCERELY YOURSi
Frances Pi ndyck
L
^
fp:lb
ENG .
iViR. J. A. ivIcKaughan kl.Yi>j.hL u iilTuHuüCK
Eva Lewinski
52 ./est 68th ütrert
oUsGuehannö 7-7344
noveinber 5, 1940.
Mr. L^opolr: Schwarzschild
Hotel Colrnial
51 West Bist otreet
Nev; i ork-Ci tv
ochr geehrter Herr ochvvarzschilcl,
icri aanke Ihnen oChr herzlich lucr die ililfe, die Jie uns bei dem Versuch, ein 7isum rut.r x.ora .jlock zu erian^rn, geleistet haben, una bin sicher, dass sie von auss^^rordentlich grossem
Ml
ert ist.
Mit den b^st>^n V/uenschen furr oi<^ und Ihre Prau und meinen Smpfehlungen an oie b^ide bin ich
Ihre
Sva Lewinskl
158 '.Vest 76th Street
New York, N*Y.
Jan. 21, 1941. SUsquehanna 7-8138
Miss Grete Freund Hotel Park Pla?a 55 West 77th Street New York, N.Y.
Liebe Grete Freund -
ich hofie, Sie v/ohnen noch an dieser Adresse, und denke auf alle i^aelie, dass man Ihnen den Brief nachschicken wird.
Ich hatte einige Briefe von Nora, die uebrigens 3nde voriger Woche endlich ihr Visurag gekabelt bekommen hat. Sie laesst alle Bekannten hier herzlich gruessen, und berichtet interessante Dinge ueber die Situation dort und ihre Versuche, ir. Ra.imen des leise wieder funktionierenden GAR zu helfen. Aber nicht dasv/egen schreibe ich Ihnen, sondern aus folgendem Grund: Sie hat vor einigen Tagen Ihren ehemaligen ju-ren Kollegen, den Hans Pfeffermann, getroffen, und schreibt dazu folrend<^s:
"Hier ist vor kurzem Pfeff^rmann aufget.^ucht. Er bittet Leopold Schw,, sich fu'^^r ihn zu verwenden. Hi^r die Daten: Geb. ?4. 1.1914 in Berlin. Abiturium. Mehrere :.Ionate Medizin-Studium an Universitaet in Berlin. 1933 emigriert nach Frankreich. Dort 6 Jahre angestellt beim NTB. Zu Beginn der> Krieges interniert, spaeter Prestataire, als solcher aemobilisiert . - Gegenwaertige Adresse: chez Mme . Gertrud Febiowicz, Ekkehardstr. 22, Zuerich. Mme. Febl. befoerdert die Post fuer jrf., der nicht weiss, ob er hier bleiben kann. Pf. hat noch kein riffidavit. "
WJerden Sie mit Schwarzschild ueber IfefTermann sprechen, od^r • koennen Sie selber etwas fuer ihn tun? Seien Sie so nett una lassen Sie mich gelegentlich wissen, wie die Sache steht, damit ich Nora antworten kann.
Da wir sozusa^f^n Npchbarn sinn, siPht man sich js viplleicHit einmal? Auf all*- 7a'='llP: All^s Oute, und einnn herzlichen Grussl
Ihre
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FAC ING - LANDSCAPED - PLANETARIUM - GARDENS AND M USEUM - OF - N ATU RAL - Hl STORY j
THE BROOKLYN INSTITUTE OF AKTS AND SCIENCES
30 LAFAYETTE AVENUE, BROOKLYN, NEW YORK
OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
^kAJ^ J'U?'^^o-^
September 30, 1940
Mr. Leopold Schwarzßchield
Hotel Colonial
51 West eist Street
New York, N. Y*
Dear Mr. Schwarzschieid i
1 shall, of course, be happy to see you at your convenience» If you wish, however, to talk about the possibility of lecturüng here at the Institute, it would be necessary for you to speak to rriy colleague, Mr. Julius Bloom, who is in Charge of the entire program of this Department. I suggest, therefore, that you telephone him for an appointr.ent. You and I might then sp^ak together after you have finithed your discussion with him.
I am passing on to him a copy of this letter together with your letter.
i^J^ •
L/
Sincen
yourß
James G. McDonald
r
•A^
• ' /
/
^
:-1
HENRY ALLEN MOE
551 FIFTH AVENUE • NEW YORK
Ibcoinber 24. 1940
Deor Dr. Schv/nrzGchild
I om dcli.hted to leam fron your letter of Deoerabor 19 thet you hove obtained menns to c^rry on vour v/orl:.
With the So'^.sor/s .-rectirirs, I an
S i nc e r e 1 y you rs
Dr. Leopold ochwnrzschild iiotel coloninl Cl v/est 81 Street New ^orl: City
n-^n^ ^ *
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THE NATION, 55 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y.
j^ Leopold Schwarzschild
I
For edltorial paragraph - Rudolf Olden
A
^
In the issuc of September 28, 1940
Check herewith $
2.50
I I
1
i
^""Wation
FIFTY-FIVE FIFTH AVENUE • NEW YORK CITY
Oc tober 4, 1940.
Dear Mr. Schwarzsdhild:
Here are a couple of notes. As I thlnk of other persons I»ll let you know. Miss Norden is convlnced that you should talk to one or two of the publlshers. She thinks there are several who would know your work and be interested even before you have had many articles prlnted in thls country.
Sincerely yours,
Mr. Leopold Schwarzschild, Hotel Colonial, 51 ^^est 81st Street, iMew York City.
MEMO jrom:
to:
Wation
"If
Dear ivir. Schwarzschild:
Enclosed is the Ruianian
article. i would it if
you
would send me $40 for both articles. According to my estimate the one is almost 6,00C and the other a little over 3,000 words. i found this last one very interesting.
Cables: NACOMREF, New York Telephone: BRyant 9-2102
National. Refugee Service, Inc.
165 West 46th Street New York City
Officers and Executive Committee
November 7, 1941
Joseph P. Chamberlain Chairman of thc Board
William Rosenwald President
David H. Sulzberger Chairman of the
Executive Committee
Alfred I. Esberg
William K. Frank
Morris Wolp Vice-Presidents
Richard P. Limburg Treasurer
Paul Felix Warburg Secretary
Mr. Myron S. Falk, Jr. Richard S. Goldman Samuel A. Goldsmith I. Edwin Goldwasser Harry Greenstein William Haber Joseph C. Hyman S. Marshall Kempner Peter I. B. Lavan Solomon Lowenstein Cl-^rence E. Pickett Eric M. Warburg Ethel H. Wise Jonah B. Wise
Albert Abraiiamson Executive Director
Arthur D. Greenleigh
Assistant Executive Director
Mr. Leor^old Schwcirzschild 57 Y.est 81 Street New York City
Dear Mr. Schv.-arzschild:
I h'::.ve not heard fron you for several months and I •.si v/onderinf; whether you a>-e still interested in rec'^lving -^-Sfiistance froQ us in the Dre^'^aration of your docujnents for chan^je of str.tus. May I ask th^'t you contact me by nhone or letter?
If I do not he^r from you \;ithin tv;o v/eeks, I shall assume th' t you hr.ve been able to make other r.lanvS .
V.ith best v;ishen,
Sincerelv yours.
L^^
Family Service De'y!rt::-ent
THE NEW YORK NEWSPAPER WOMEN'S CLUB
22 EAST 38th STREET, NEW YORK
September 25, 1940
Deer ^c and Mrs Schwcrzschild:
V/e are delig^rted that you will come to our tea and Cocktail .arty tonorrow - September 26 - at the V/aldcrf-i^Moria. The party is from 5 to 7 in the Perroquet Suite on the fourth
flüor of the hotel»
There will be a brief program of speaking at 6 o'clock.
H 7/ill be a pleasure to neet you
\
Sincerely
Cathleen McLaughlin, president
Kathie en McLaughli;
N Y Newspaper V/omön's Club
(^tx^ms^ ^^fag (^B^tt^? ^^^'
101 PARK AV E N U B NEW YORK. N. Y.
MURRAY HILL 3-29S7
Leopold Schwarzschild Eotel Stanhope otli Ave. 2; ülst Street New Yorl. City
ACCCUKTIITC ?CR JIESS ARTICLE
Soot. 2, 1941
Income
Detroit Nev/s Sprinc^ielc. Union
Asheville Citizen
Charlotte Gbser^'er
Buffalo Zveninr; llows
Kansas Citj'' Star
Jacksonville Journal
Calzland Tribnre
I.Iontreal Star
New York Post
El Inparcial (Guatemala)
7 buG^et papers © 2,00
(Chicaro Tines, Philadelphia Reco Boston Globe, 3t, Louis Post Dis Ottawa Journal, L'ontreal Gazette Youn^stav/n Vindicator)
40, 5,
5, 10. 30, 20.
6, 12, 19. 20.
3. 14, rd, patch,
00
55
00 OD 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
184,55
1C4.55
Exnense
Acent's coramiscion Translation
7,60 (Monfreal Star)
12,50
'20. lö
Loss Unpaid (as auove)
20.10
164.45 57.00
1077^
ChGclc onclosed -
50^
53.75
We have not charged, as we do {n other cases, for the expenditures for stamps which amounted to $i2«00, me re I y for translatlon«
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON • CLARENDON PRESS OXFORD
OXFORD MEDIGAL PUBLICATIONS
NEW YORK
ONE FOURTEEN FIFTH AVENUE TELEPHONE: WATKINS 9-IIOO
;(
November 12, 1940
Dear Dr. Schwirzschild:
I have been vaiting for you to let me have an outline of tlie book v/e discussed sever-2. weeks ago, the historj^ of our -tupidity vi« a vis Germany from the year 191P onvrardr^, IVe are :.til] nuch interested in this idea and I do hope that you are stii:^: interested in it your^elf , and :ill v/ant to present the idea in outline form. May I hav? the i.leasure of he:-rin£: :'rom you .^oon?
Yours sincerely,
Philip Vaudrin Trade ^^ditor
Dr. Leopold Schv/arzschild Hotel Colonial 51 'est 81st Street Mev; York City
P\Tds
nov.12, 1940
Mr.Philip Vnudrin Oxford Univerolty Press 114 .irth Av. N.y.City
DoGT I.'r, Vnudrin,
kind lotter«
Thonlc You vory nuch for
Indeed I an not imie if I chouli' not postpone for n sliort v/t.ile the bool: \^e opokn of ,
1 v/ould rntner bo, .In wlth one of n noro concentroted oUaracter.Jt could b - vvTitten in throe siiort raotifcli, becaure I die innumornble articles on the sub.1ect,-.'ind tho cub.leot is probnhly still iTiore senccnnble^ tlinn the ot or one,
It Is w^lat I bolinve to be tho absolute idontity of Nazisa f-nä. Bolrhcvicra.-an identity not onl/ of out- ward phenoncnn but of the cssonticl: ;not only in our days but ninoe evor.l'hrt wnr> Glwayü iJiy convicti. n,rince nr.ny ye rs,and hundi-rodß of printcd artiol s tositify ti.et I conctnntly for^^s^ w the suddon disaappoa- ranoe of f ho t:;in oovor of soeralnt: Icieolo-
I I
2,
gicnl (Ufferencos nnri the bee.'innint* of an ero of open Cooperation bet'.oen tho
tv;o r^yrtenß*
To analye this idontity undor all its philorophlCBl,politionl, economlcnl nnd sooinl aspectc v/ould luake a vory interestint' 'nd llvoly book,- and I cteen hopo nn importniit onc»?ho title oould be '»Conrad o ritler" or ^'Tovarish Ilitler'',v;ith the cuL-titlo: ''The t' ins IJazisia and Bolshovißu'.
A dotr iled Synopsis in nerr« ly finishcd^I could nond i? to you as soon RS it is trrmrloted^probrbly in four or fivo doys,
Plenso let mo knov; ii' yo*: v/ould like to see it«
Ginoerely yours
Leopold r.ch. arzsohild
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OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON • CLARENDON PRESS OXFORD
OXFORD MEDICAL PUBLICATIONS
NEW YORK
ONE FOURTEEN FIFTH AVENUE TELEPHONE: WATKINS 9-IIOO
riovGmber 14, 19A0
Dear l'r. Schv/arz::child:
ThyTilcs for /our lettcr of r-ovember 12th. Y.Tiile \io are not Lure at all that the bock \ve di^.icussed firot shovild be pof^tponed for ve:y lon^;, vve are rather attracted by yoijir sclierae for f», boo'c on the identity of i'^azisin and Bol shevisni. I . think v;e '.vill nuickly cee aG a result oC ■•'olotoff's talks with Hitler ju t ho-;: fai* this identity is £,oing to be a ma.tter for clinica?- ob. ervation, and I personally sh. .11 be surprised if open Cooperation between Russia and Ger^an;-'' Ig not an irrji:euia.te result, If tiiic is true, tlien a book on the identity of the tv;o ideolo. ies v.tiic:i thrse countrie;; represont :vou]d be a ti.mely affair indeed and ^.ve si->.oiild be most interested in seein^ your Synopsis. I hope that you will ^^end it in to us vdthin the next fev: days.
.'ith i:ind regards,
Yours sincerely,
Philip Vaudrin Trade Editor
Vt . Leopold ochY'arzschild Hotel Colonial 51 Test 81st rtreet Nev; York
PVbs
I I
uM
Nov^rr.,40
You liml h^re endo od the check ♦
/Jid I v/ich ^^ou a
nicc v;e l-c-cnd*
n.lricorerly -oiirs
Leopold Sofiv; rzschild
! !
I
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Dec,4. 1940
Desr Wr« Vnuclrin:
For the datr we spoke of I oould nvnil mynelf of « pnper^written by somebody eise for other purposes.I just had to mnke oxccrpts^
It is a fimny ooin* cidenoe,that nmonßst the Miotat ions one of Dr.Oicieonsepf^mous preoisely since todny^lc to bo found»
Vary eincerely yours
Leopold Sohv/nrzßohild
I I
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i
TRAFALGAR 7-2000
51 WEST EIGHTY-FIRST STREET
Jan^r^ 1941
OTford Univ. Press Mr.Vaudrln 114 Fifth Av, N.Y.Cliy
Dear ür.Vcudrin
I onolose the Bhort des- cription of the book^ T, *
As I had no clear idea of the purpose for v/h ich it shall sorve^I nupporod n crltioal reader.If you ha.vo n different klnd of reader i^ uina,thc thing v/ould
* * *
have to be nltered correspondingly. .
Sincoroly yours
= \
l.eopold Sohwfirzschlld
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PACING -LANDS CA PED -PLANETARIUM -GARDENS AND MUSEUM -OF -Js^ATURAL- Hl STORY
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51 WEST EIGHTY-FIRST STREET
Feb.9.1941
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Mr#Ph#VQUf?rin Oyford Preas 114 Flrth Av^ N.Y.City
De^r Wr^Vnurlrin,
Encloned^aß you v/nnted^ sone nore pof^jes up to****
Sinoerely ypurs
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F-ACING -LANDSCAPED -PLANETARIUM -GAR DEN 5 AND MUSEUM -OF -NATURAL- Hl STORY ;
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OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON • CLARENDON PRESS OXFORD
OXFORD MEDICAL PUBLICATIONS
NEW YORK
ONE FOURTEEN FIFTH AVENUE TELEPHONE: WATKINS Q-IIOO
'?|l
r •
Februaiy 10, 1941
.'>
9
Dear Mr. Schwarzschild:
This \vill acknowledge receipt of chapter One. I have today put it in the hands of a translator, and hope to have his sample translation by the end of the week. Shortly thereafter I shall be getting in touch vfith you again .
Yours sincerely,
Philip Vaudrin Trade Editor
• < •
Jbtr. Leopold Schwarzschild Hotel Colonial 51 West 81st Street New York City
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April 15, 1941.
Oxford Univcrsity iToös, 114 x^ifth Avünuo, l]o\.' York.
Dear I'r, Vaudrin,
I aii fendin:: you thnt pnrb of tne nanuscript wMch ir. nov/ in .'.r. Gutor:nr,nn»s hrnd. Thero v.lll be about n huudred pp-srs and thare will bc no Interruption for the tranclntor.
I hopo to cco you one of these drys.
Sinccrely
Your
s.
Lcopolri Cohv/nrzschilcl
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OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON • CLARENDON PRESS OXFORD
OXFORD MEDICAL PUBLICATIONS
NEW YORK
ONE FOURTEEN FIFTH AVENUE TELEPHONE: WATKINS 9-IIOO
April 17, 19a
Dear Mr. Schwarz schild:
Many thanks for your letter of the 15th and for sending a copy of that part of the manuscript which is now ^.vith Mr« Guterman. I hope to get around to looking over this original copy in the next day or two.
Kean\vhile, I have read llr. Gutennan^s translation of Chapter 5> Part III, and I am very well pleased with it. I think the translation is really good and the Organization of the raaterial makes for interest- ing reading, There are only one or two srnall points which I should like to take up with you, but one of these I might mention now. I haven't inyself looked through Manya Gordon' s The Soviet VJorker (I think that is the title), but I strongly suspect that it contains a great deal of Statistical Information on the Standard of living of the Soviet worker, gradation of incoraes, etc, Certainly on page 9 of Chapter 5 I should recommend adding ■••anya Gordon to the names of authors on whom you draw for the kind of statistics that appear on page 10. Her book has been very well received, and would appear to be quite beyond suspicion, so far as the accuracy of facts goes* I think that if you lean too heavily on Serge some people will tiy to discredit your figures. Serge, however accurate his Information may be, has distinguished himself a little bit too rauch as a violent critic - and that is not too convincing.
I am looking forward eagerly to seeing more manuscript as soon as Mr. Guterman can get it into iny hands. Incidentally, ^yvhat luck have you had with the other book?
- ' »
With kind regards, Yours sincerely.
Mr. Leopold Schv/arzschild
April PO. ^1941
Denr ^'r.Vauc-rin,
Thanks for your lettor of tue 17tli.
Like nyself ,you probably have not yet seon the trnnnlrtion oT the lar.t p;^rt of thnt cl^apter^ There T uote T^nnyn Gordon pnd Lor '' adiirably oxnct conoilntion of frcts"" cevoral tincs.In tlie ^"er -nn toxt it is on pace IIl/ß5 and IIl/67.:!n foot che Is not V(3ry explloit as to the cxadfition of nov/ndayn inoomeG^but rather on the level of avorace v/agrs of'^'orkers before nnd
a
rter LGnin",-rs the title of her bock
runs.
I hopc to ec vou tliis vreek.
Youro very truly
,\
51 West Bist Street Nev; York, June 27, 1941
Mr. Philip Veudrin Oxford University Press 114 - 5th Avenue New York, N. Y.
Dear Mr. Vaudrin;
On klonday last, when you told me that because of the Gei^man attack on Russia you suddenly had decided not to publish *'Gob and Magog,** I was shocked and greatly dißappointod particuLarly since tho manuscrlpt had been recoived by you with caroKendation, couipoeition bagun and the book placed on the lict of fall publlcations. I tooi< it for granted th(.t we would find, and that you were prepared to find a way out of tho very dla* tre3.*^ing Situation»
AS I understand your explanatlon, your House is in & special political Position; you are connected v.ith the Oxford University; the Chancellor of Oxford is Lord Halifax; and you feel thjtt in thiß eanergency you have closely to follow the political line of the British Government's politics, I arr. by no means convinced that you interpret that Govornnient ^s politics correctly. De they really v/ent thct in this inoiaent the '•ideologic- al" differenoes betv.een CoraiRunisra and thom and us ehoulö be veiled? I ara not at all eure thcit they really havo this vory uiihappy propagandietic idea. It could very weil be, indeed, that prccisely because of th« identity of the w(ir-purpoce they would all the more like to avoid ideological confusion and to stress tho dissimilerities in other reapects.
It cennot be denied that the thesis of the book remains what it was; thet it is acknowledgedly a good and careful book; that the whole question whether or not Nazisir is a •^bulv.ark" again^t ConiPiuniam, is more buming now than it ever wao; that nothing in the book has been affected by the German attack on Russia; and '.hat, although only sonie few pages at the end of the book are dealing with foreign politics, even the poesibility of such an attack has explicitly been anticipated and constitutes ray main argunent egainst Stalin* s foreign politics. At the very moet the possibility of a trivial revision exists "to keep the work up to date," a contingency foreseen in our agreement« Your decision not to print the book, however, ainounts to the dsstruction of an entirely valld book in the taoment of its greatest interost; and it amounts not only to the destruction of six months of strenuous work and of its imrnediate fruits in terms of iiioney, but also of the still more important moral and indirect gains,
Your willingneas to yield the book to any other publisher is, unfortunately, far from being a Solution for a nurnber of reasons, in- cluding the fact that the Publishing houses have their fall catalogues Just printed ana there is practlcally no possibility that another house
1.
V.T. Philip Vaudrin
2.
June 27, 1941
could publish It within many months. The Situation, seen frorr my point of View, is thus as bed es could be» In the best üiiagl nable case the publication would be delayed for meny months, while the best possiblll- tles may vanish. In the worst case the book and the worlc and the pros- pects whlch it represents will be dead.
I roTT.eimber the klndness with which you recoived me and I greatly regret thfct this dlfficulty has arisen. Still, if you put yourself in r.y position and appreciate that I have fulfilled in every way whvt I vras cülled upon to do, I am certain that you will respect my
rights.
Will you Vindly gel in toxich with me at your earlie^t
convenience.
Sincerely yours,
ß
t< s>-
TRAFALOAR 7-2000
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51 WEST EIGHTY-FIRST STREET
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The Oxforo Univoreity Prees 101 l'ii'th Av, New York City
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In our n{^;reoT-'.ent oi Dec»^*3,104r>,par8-
Craph 1' Ptipvdrtoß thiit 70U aro to hrve an Option on ZYf nert bcok.;.:.ile vAiat aubcljtr. of
the v'^'iole GGr^escut nt thin tirae iB,of oourse.questionöble .1 fcelieve that I fiaifllleä any oblicetion roßt Ins upcn rae unrler tlvie olr.-ane by tlie frct th&t I offeref yoii tvo bookr which 70x1 did not ac3e .t.e.c. ^ blBtorr of tho thn pnriod between tlio two v/nro,tont. tlvely entitled "Yoatra culpaijnnd a hlr.torionl r,urv?y "A tiiuidrea tUor.canO
wfsr ai'is"»
I shOTiia be obli.'^ed if -^ou r/ould klnuly
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FA
GING -LANDS CA PED- PLANETARIUM -GARDENS AND MUSEUM -OF- NATURAL - Hl STORY
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OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON • CLARENDON PRESS OXFORD
OXFORD MEDICAL PUBLICATIONS
NEW YORK
ONE FOURTEEN FIFTH AVENUE TELEPHONE: WATKINS 9-IIOO
September 15> 1941
Dear Mr. Schwarzschild:
Thank you for yoiir letter of September llth. The fact that you have offered us, and we have declined, the two books tentatively entitled "Vostra Culpa»^ and "A Hundred Thousand War Aims" constitutes a satisfactoiy fulfillment of any Obligation you were under as a result of Clause 14 of our agreement for the ill-fated Gog and Magpg^ You are of course free, therefore, to make whatever arrangements you vrish vdth another publisher,
With best wishes,
Yours sincerely.
Philip Vaudrin
Mr. Leopold Schwarzschild
Hotel Colonial
51 West 81 st Street
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TRAFALGAR 7-2000
51 WEST EIGHTY-FIRST STREET
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International Pen-Glub Mrr.^Jnne ITuciron t:T9 Eact 79.ctr» K.Y^City
Denr Tirs. Hudson:
I tnko tl.o Iborty to in- troducc nyrclV to '-oiul^y Harne iß Leopold Schwnrzsohild.I edited in irnnce tili to the collrpre the rnti-nnzi weokly in gornnn Innf^rge ''Dor. !Toue Tn^c-I^uch." Before Hitler I edited in Germany three v/eliklies.I on the nutlior of a couple of books^ono of them hac boen tranclated into Enolicb and ::iiblished by John Lnne^s in London*
I \'ns a menbor or the Fronch reotion of the Pcn-Gluh,nnd I nn ßlnd to herr th^ t - rrnnc^ninntr hnv^ boen mruic t© by your scotion to tnkc over the now shelt rlosr. meraber? of destroyed bronches*
It ic for tl.is oacon thnt I write to :'ou«I ^./onld bo vcry [;vrt fvil to be fid:2itteö*i\raong tho r<ire nouvonirs I could rnvc fron j«'rnnco I f und the yellov/ cnrd v'bich I add and v^^hioh you nro perhnpr. kind enouch to return •
I liOpe to have noon the priviloßo to mnke your n unintnnce '^nd thank you in advnnce* üincerelx'^ yours
Dec.O^ 1940
Internationnl Pen-^lub TJrs^Jnne Hudson
Denr Iv^v^ö
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RUBtKl NM HAN. l'resiäent • IIKNRV GOIJÜARU I.EACH. Vice President • WliSSUi ütiVn V. S.'trelar>'
ONE MADISON AVENUE • NEW YORK CHT • \ShUnA «0920
i^^
llxemtivp Board
I. f)onal(I Acinins
^l.ixwell .\U»y
Bessie Bratly
( Iure Boolnr
I lenry S<M<lrl ( anny
Natliiilie S. ( olhy
WWvil Dasliiell
R. L. Diiltus
I larry I Luisen
Will Irw in
Henry ( lotlclarn I e.u n
Mrs. WMliiUii B. \Irlonry
Rohert Nainan
Geor^'c Stevens
I )<)rothv 1 liompscin
Sophie Krrr l^ulerwontl
l'onurr Presiariils
Bnoil) I «irKiTit^ton
I lenr> Sei<lel ( anny
Will Iruin
( ,irl \ <in I )oren
IvoIhtI I rnsl
I )or(»lli> I liunip5on
( iiK AG<> ( hMl K:
llüOI Ar Sl.oreDrivr
l'anny I^uklier, presiuenl
San F'kancjincxi Cenifr:
810 Cireen Sjreel
( »rrlriule Atherlon, President
KhDllHA riUN iNltRN A I ION ALL
66, Ruc Pierre- eil arron f>aris (\ nie)
lules Romains.
international prcsicleiil
Deoemter 11, 1940
Mr. Leopold Sohv/arzschild Hotel Colonial 51 V/est Slst Street New York, N. Y.
iiy Dear Mi*. Scliwarzschild:
I was deli^hted to get your letter and to list /ou among our refugee members.
The -«^merioar. Center is try- ing to help reAigee members of foreign P.E.N.s in New Yori at tlie present time to organize themselves, and become a sort of aujciliary to the American Center. In this way we can help them and they can help tiiem- selves so much mor- eff'iciently. This movement is in the process of birth now, and you will be advised when thin,5S are "unier way,
I enclose your International P.E.K.* Card. Please do not hesitate to call on me if I can be of any assistance to you.
Sincerely yoytrs,
s • Jane qludson Assistant öecietary, .mericaii Center
22.- East 7Hh St.
Butteriield 8-8'j26
A'OP
^ DEC 20
CHURC
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•«t^^A 4ft«
[this side ofcapdTs for adopess ]
I£rs. Leopold Schwarzschild,
Hotel Colonial,
21 West Slst Street,
New York, N.Y.
)
1^ dear Mrs. rchwarzschild:
..nnt* *"''? -''^*^' ^^'^^'' Wednesday night, the coat- w^l'^i''?- ^''^f, some-body l£rs. x^obert Hathan's coat
Tpv^ whiteermine collar and a Best & Company vSre; w?th °°\*.J^^* i"} i*3 place is also blick
T?\ü ^ ^ '''^^*^ collar, but has a TJacey label.
If you have a coat of this sort will you olease See if by any Chance you were given the wronc coat?
»/ .^ ü:'^-^-'- ^°^ Aease be so kind as to telephone Mrs. »athan about it as soon as possible.
Itrs, Jane ir>Ldson, Asst. Sect'y,
P.E.:;. Club,
229 East 79t: Street, Butterfield 3-8026
I I
Former International Presidents: John Galsworthy, 1921*33 H.G. Wells, 1933-36
International President: Jules Romains
THE P. E.N.
The World Association of Writers
International Secretary: Herman Oiild 11, Gower Street, London, S.W.i
Maison Internationale: 66, 1 ue Pierre-Charron, Paris, VIII«
THE EUROPEAN P. E. N. IN AMERICA
BOARD
Com MM TEE
President: Jules Romains
Permanent Council:
Raoul Auernheimer Ferdinand Brückner Thomas Mann Jacques Maritain Andr^ Maurois Count Sforza Sigrid Undset Stefan Zweig
Lion Feuchtwanger Adolf Hoffmeister Maurice Maeterlinck Somerset Maugham Karin Michaelis Ferencz Molnar Leopold Stern Alvarez del Vayo Franz Werf el Joseph Wittlin
Secretarvship
Secretary: Robert Goffin
Treasurer: Paolo Milano
Representative for the Press:
Leo Lania
Maroh 17, 1941
Dear Priend:
As you might have learned the European P.E.N. CluT) in America has Just "been founded. A first intimate dinner will "be held for prospective mem'bers and their wives or guests on Maroh Slst, 1941, at 8 P,U, at the: Restaurant de Winter - 36 West 48th Street, New York City.
The alm of our meeting ia to discuss our future work. We count on your presence and will be glad to receive your acceptance by return of mail. All replies should be sent to the address at the bottom of this letter-
The cover for the dinner is fl.OO to be paid
at the Reataurant,
Sincerely
THE EUROPEAN P.B.IK IN AMERICA
A
President
The Mail must be addressed to: The Secretary of the European P.E.N. in Anicrita
Librairie de France, Inc. 610 Fifth Avenue New York, N. Y.
18 Bharles St. New York City October 31, 1940
Mr« Leopold Schwn.rzschild
51 West Bist Street
Ilew York City.
Uly dear l'Ir. Sclwarzsohild,
I have just finished reeiding your Petain artiole, which has given me a praotical basis for negotiations. We oan ncfVT proceed vrith an actual loiov/ledge of the difficulties involved and the chances of sale.
I find that I must disar-ree v/ith your opinion of the merits of the translation you enclosed. To ny mind, the translator is very oor.ipetent and she has follov/ed the original Grer::ian as oloscly as readibility iTould v/ari-ant. Her prime fault, to iiiy raind ggain, is that sae follov/ed your original too closely. As I have told you, I au quite fa}iiliar vdth your style through ny reading of Das Neue Tage-Buch. It i.-^ oxoollent Gerraan, as v/e both agree. But it does not lend it- self to a good literal translation, If efforts are made to adhere to yo^ir sentence structure, your tliought development , the English becomes dull and definitely unliterary.
This translation I find to be mainly guilty of lack of imagination ~ a oardinal sin for an a.ibitious translator. Perhaps you intiniflated the translator .^d she was afraid to let her seif go in her translation, or perhaps she v:as unable to lot horself go — v;ell. If you a,^ree that I do the Job, I shall r.ierely rev/rite this translation, Consulting tlie original for pny doubtful passar,es. For a fevf pa 'es, hov/ever, I think a coLipletely new translation v/ould be a good idea.
The article, if rrr \rork is sucoessful, Trill bring in a maxirium of about ylOO or so. The job I have in inind v/ill take about tv;o days, for v/'iiich I am generally paid more than ;i?20. And in view of the distinct pössibilit;,^ that neither v.xy vrorlc nor yours will bring in ??jiy proceeds at all, I tlxink tliat a share of 20^i for me, of 'rny monoys dorived in any v/ay fron the sale of tlie article, is fair. Franlcly, I am not at all sure that the article is at all salable.
If you agree to the above terms, v/ill you let me laiovj- by retum mn.il , so that I can begiii v;ork on Saturday^ It is escential that your article be submitted to some magazine as soon as hu.iarily possible, if it is ever_i;p.iKig-tQ. be sold.
"Sincerely yours.
-^ ü
NXit;^ ^^Z^SCZpu^
Mi 3- ton 8. Pratiner
- ..'- mfOd
TIUDPHONB MUmAY NIU. 3-6700
CABLI ADDRKlt "WltHCOM, NKW YORK*
CYRUS ADLER CARL J. AUSTRIAN GEORGE BACKER JAMES H. BECKER JOHN L BERNSTEIN DAVID M. BRESSLER FRED M. BUTZEL LEO M. BUTZEL JAMES DAVIS ABRAM I. ELKUS LEON FALK, Jr. LOUIS FiNKELSTEIN
The American jewish Committee
386 FOURTH AVENUE
NEW YORK, N. Y.
CYRUS ADLER, PrMideni
ABRAM 1. ELKUS. Hon'yVic«-Pr«sid«nt
IRVING LEHMAN, V]c«-Pr«tld«nt
PhlUdttphi«, Pt.
N«w York, N. Y.
N«w York,N. Y.
Chicago, III.
Ntw York, N. Y.
Niw York, N. Y.
Detroit. Mich.
Detroit. Mich.
Chicago. III.
Ntw York, N. Y.
PIttaburgh, Pa.
Naw York, N. Y.
OFFICERS
LOUIS E. KIRSTEIN, Vlca-Pratldant SAMUEL D. LEIDESOORF, Traaaurtr SOL M. STROOCK, ChaIrman. Exacutlv« Comm.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
MORRIS D. WALDMAN, Sccrttary
HARRY SCHNEIDERMAN, Aaalttant Stcratary
SIDNEY WALLACH, Diractor, Educational Dep't.
PHILLIP FORMAN ELI FRANK Mrs. M. L. QOLOMAN HENRY ITTLESON LOUIS E. KIRSTEIN SIDNEY LANSBURGH ALBERT 0. LASKER EDWARD LAZANSKY FRED LAZARUS. Jr. IRVING LEHMAN SAMUEL 0. LEIDESDORF 80L0M0N LOWENSTEIN
Tranton, N. J.
Baltimore, Md.
San Francisco, Cal.
New York, N. Y.
Boston, Mass.
Baltimore, Md.
Chicago, III.
Brooklyn, N. Y.
Columbus, Ohio
Naw York, N. Y.
New York, N. Y.
New York, N. Y.
JAMES MARSHALL LOUIS B. MAYER GEORGE Z. MEDALIE LOUIS J. MOSS Mrs. DAVID DE SOLA POOL JOSEPH M. PROSKAUER MILTON J. ROSENAU JAMES N. ROSENBERQ SAMUEL I. ROSENMAN WILLIAM ROSENWALO MURRAY SEASONQOOD JESSE H. STEINHART
New York, N. Y.
Culver City, Cal.
New York, N. Y.
Brooklyn, N. Y.
New York, N.Y.
New York, N.Y.
Chapel Hill, N.C.
New York, N. Y.
New York. N. Y.
Qreenwich, Conn.
CincInnatI, Ohio
San Francisco, Cal.
EDGAR B. STERN HORACE STERN ROGER W. STRAUS LEWIS L. STRAUSS SOL M. STROOCK WILLIAM B. THALHIMER FREDERiCK M. WARBURG SIDNEY J. WEINBERG WILLIAM WEISS MAURICE WERTHEIM JOSEPH WILLEN HENRY WINEMAN MORRIS WOLF
New Orleans, La. Philadelphia, Pa.
New York, N. Y.
New York, N. Y.
New York, N. Y. Richmond, Va.
New York, N.Y.
New York, N. Y.
New York, N. Y.
New York, N.Y.
New York, N. Y.
Detroit, Mich.
Philedelphia, Pa.
Dear Lt# Scliv/arzsohild,
18 Charles Gt.
New '-^orl: City Noveiiber 20 j IS 40
I have received both of your additional "shipraents" of manuscript, brinjin^ tlie total up to about tv/entj'-five pa^es« That will be about 50/o nore tiian you told me you conteifiplated VvTiting;. V/hile 1 had not reckoned on nearly so riuch work, when we a^reed on the price, I ascure you I vall be a "good sport" about it ajid finish it as quickly as possible. But since you over- wrote, you nust allow ine to tafca a little more time, if I find it
necessary.
IJor is your trcatncnt very siriple, Tlie bock a:-oints to a ponderous socio-econor.ic treatise, requirin;^ special lan^uaje, vrhich I know fairly well, but you must expect a fev;- rou^h ris-transla- tionse They vfon't be serious or nsny, T assurc you.
By the "way, I expect to be so exliausted v;hen I finish that I shall go away for a weekend. Do you think you could send ne the noney vdtliin a few cays, so 1 needn't crav; on iny pay?
18 Charles 3t.
Nenv York City November 23, 1940
i^ear llr» Sohwarzsohiid,
I am enclosing two oopies of the translation« All in all, in spite of the fact that the lan- guage is rather stiff (your Geri.ian is too, you know) I think it's pretty good« Besides, this is just meant to give the publisher an idea of the contents of the book, not necessarily of the style in which it will appear in English» Since this is compact, it is neoessar^r to express invoived ideas in a few short pregnant words« 'yVhen the ideas are developed, the style will be more flovring and
smooth»
It is obvious that you wrote the Synopsis
under pressure« There were perhaps a dozen short phrases in which your meaning vms not entir ly clear, but I para- phrased them pretty accurately I think« I suggest that you
go
over two short seotions, Pg. 9« d) and pg. 14« a) and
make necessary corrctions, since I had to more or less guess»
You will receive this an Monday, and if you want a long discussion, I shall leave the evening free to go over the translation, perhaps at the Hotel Colonial.
With best wisnes for a best-seller,
Sincerely,
P«S# I can^t think of a good title*
^vj^j:^;:::^ w:::^::^
TToYen.'^5 1040
Dcrr i'r^Pratiner
Thoro nre incleed a nuiaber of correc* Ions tn bo morie in the trnnR- lation of the s 'nopris,- Ymich^bv the wpy^ hop onlv 17^ pp.G^s^not :^5^T -n hni)pv to di Cover,
I v'oulfl havo likecl very inucli to cUcirs it to^'r.y^f^r you r,u certeö, But unfo- tunatoly von ^Un not adcl how t.he nppointm nt oonia be fi-^od nnd I could not reach you*
Kow I an in o rofil difficultv, ns rny nert evoningr» nre not lor froe r^nd GS on t'io other bnnr^ I vxnf^e pro^löes,
v.onld you l'in«-l*^ cnll rae np earlv in the raorn^ng t o^iorrow^Tuesday.
nincorely '^onrs
Leopold öohv/arzscnild
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TRAFALGAR 7-20OO
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3.3
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51 WEST EIGHTY-FIRST STREET
Deo. S.,1940
:7T-f;A -^7/-'
Dear Lr.Pratiner
Here is the second out i ine. I am sure that the translation is this time muoh easior.
I add a copy of the Nazi-Bolshi-Outline.The question to be considered is your idea of a sDonsor' ship by your Coninitteo.Pleaso let me know what you can do or v/hat I should do.
By the v/ay: a good title for that bock v/ould perhaps be
Die zwei Polyp -Staaten
or simply
Die ZV/ei Polypen.
If you agroe,please add it to the other suggertions on tlie front page.
see you soon.
Thank you.I hope to
Cordially yours
i/v^cA^
Leopold Schv/arzschild
PACING -LANDS CA PED- PLANETARIUM -GARDENS AND MUSEUM -OF- NATURAL - Hl STORY
\
\
Nov*' n* 40
C.o.Lnlond UeT-mTd 054 i:adiron Av^ PJnv/ Yorl. City
Dear F.ir>s ?indyck^
To sinplir^ our conver- sation of tonorrov; 1 send you here the outline or e bock,- one of tv/o*
Pleose hnve • looJ: in it before I c^no^ir po. t^ible.
In tho rnonn hile V ly oinoerely yours
Leopold Schv;« r^soliild
Deo. 2.^1040
Doar Mr^Prntiner
Ilero iß tlie recond outline •! am svire that tlie translation iß thiü tine much oaL'lcr^
I ädd c cox^y of tlae Nn7.i*3ol3hi-Outiine»The v^ostion to be oons idered is your iden of a Sponsor- Chip by y )ur Cormittoe.Pleccc let izie know whnt you can do or v/hat I Gl^o'ild do«
3y tiie woy: n iT;ood titlo for thrt book v/ould perliapc bo
Die 7\7ei J\olyp-Lvt arten or Girnply
Die zwei Polypen*
If you pgroe^pler.sG aud it to the other r.ucge^ tions on t e front prße.
SCO you s^on*
Thnnk you.I hope to
Cordiülly yourc
Leopold Sch\v?ir730hild
N
Dec*4, 1940
Denr Mlns Pindyck:
Tor tho data \/e «pokG of I could use a priper propnred by Gomebody elro for other purposes« It ra«')y be a cood oraen^thot nra ;nt;st the r,uotrtlons is onc of Dr^Gid^jonse, fornoiis ßince todßy«
I entlrcly forgot to teil you th' t n vory influontlpl Anti-ilozi-orcnnia^tion seeras to be v/illin(3 to Sponsor thnt bool:,v-1iioh oould menn n ooule of thoTisnndö co]uer>^But it In not ypt snro^nnd you v;ill Judge yourseir if or ir not you clinll mention it#
Very oincerely yours
Leopold chwnrzschild
95 Christopher Street Apt. 9K New York City December 17, 1940
Dear Mr. Sohwarzsohild,
Enolosed you will find one copy of the translation of the outline of THO DEGADES, TvYO DECADES, we will both a;,^ree, is a somewhat less speotaoular title than Decades of Doon, or The Guilty Years, with which I was playing around in my less conservative moments» I am still not satisfied with TV/0 !3ECAD*;S as a title, but v;e rnust be careful to be conservative. Your book is a scholarly dignified treatment of the tra- gedy of a genoration; it must not be degraded. After all, Jules Romains nas already given us the horrible example of v/hat is to be avoided.
The translation vms not entirely easier than the first ono. The number of pages is less, as is the size of the individual corninents in the • outline. But you pack so much meaninp into a mere phrase, that your spe- cific iTieaning is frequeiitly obsoured. A few colloquiallisms stuck me; I guessed at the meaning, confidont that you will not jud^e me too harshly. After all, I guarantee my work. If not perfeci the first time, ihen oer- tainly the second time, when we go over it together. I kna^v the meaning of such phrases as le club des charcutiers, but pork-butchers oan be explained more fullv in the explanatorv text. You will find a few question marks in pencil on the margin. Those are for your convenience in locating Potential mistranslations .
By the way, with the Christmas rush and expense overwhelming me at präsent, I would appreciate it if you would remit payment as soon as possible. How about lunch on Thursday, when we can go over this together\ Will you call
me up and confirm the appointment?
Sincerely,
!
TRAFALGAR 7-2000
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5 1 WEST EIGHTY-FIRST STREET
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95 Christopher Street New York, N*Y#
February 5, 1941
Mr. Leopold Schwarzsohild Hotel Colonial
81 st Street & Colximbus Avenue New York City
Dear Mr. Schwarzsohild i
I had a very interesting oonference with Mr. Vaudrin last evening concerning the manusoript.
He seemed a bit dissatisfied with the first chapter because, as he says, it is a bit pompous. Frankly, I am not partioularly pleased with the results myself; the original feil flat in spots. I feit that my own translation was not quite up to pco*. Mr. Vaudrin is withholding his deoision until he sees the seoond chapter. I suggest you send this chapter to me as soon as possiblo and I shall do whatever I can to persuade I/t. Vaudrin of its merits.
By the way, in looking over my records I discovered that both you and I have forgotten oompletely about the matter of my translation of the outline of your seoond book. I should appreoiate payment for the translation as soon as possible •
With best wishes, I am
Sincerely yours.
M^Ki^W^. K/J^jZjc^
Milton S. Pratiner
CABLES: "JOINTDISCO" NEW YORK
TELEPHONE: LExIngfon 2-5200
THE AMERICAN JEWISH JOINT DISTRIBUTION COMMITTEE. Ine
100 EAST 42nd STREET. NEW YORK CITY
MRS. FELIX M. WARBURG. Honorary Chairman
PAUL BAERWALD. Chairman
EDWARD M. M. WARBURG. Co-Chairman
JAMES N. ROSEN BERG, Chairman, Executive Commiffee
JAMES H. BECKER, Chairman, National Council
ALBERT H. LIEBERMAN, Vice-Chairman, National Council
JOSEPH C. HYMAN. Executive Vice-Chairman
Vice-Chairmen HERBERT H. LEHMAN GEORGE BACKER WILLIAM ROSENWALD
DAVID M. BRESSLER WILLIAM J. SHRODER
ALEXANDER KAHN M. C. SLOSS
SOLOMON LOWENSTEIN JONAH B. WISE
European Executive Council
DR. BERNHARD KAHN MORRIS C. TROPER
Honorary Chairman Chairman
JOSEPH J. SCHWARTZ
Vice-Chairman
I. EDWIN GOLDWASSER. Treasurer
MARCO F. HELLMAN, Treasurer
ABNER BREGMAN, Associate Treasurer
EVELYN M. MORRISSEY, Assistant Treasurer
MRS. H. B. L. GOLDSTEIN, Comptroller
MOSES A. LEAVITT, Secretary
ISIDOR COONS, Director of Fund Raising
JUNIOR DIVISION
PAULINE BAERWALD FALK. Honorary Chairman LOIS HOLLANDER COLE. Chairman TR^Cy H. FERGUSON. Vice-Chairman MAX U. BILDERSEE, Secretary
Fet)ruary 12, 1941
Dear Mr. Schwarz schild,
I have "been ho^in^ to hef.r from you with ref^erd to your olar.s for your book. I must Rr)ologize for not hF^ving keot in closer touch v/ith ycu in the lastfew weeks, "but I have ju?t embarVed on a new Job with the above orgsnizetion and have been kei^t on the .jumt). My new ohone nunber, i^cldentally, is VA G-S'^SO.
A coT^y of the letter which I pent ^o u recently has just come to my attention. I find it va^^ue myself, and I am sure that it must heve meant v^ry l't^le to you. I find that I u^ed the word '*nvmoous" very loosely. Actually, neither the ori£:inal nor the translation was T>omoou<5. Your fir*2t char^ter «^u^^-^pred from the faults of nire out of ten fir<5t chaüt rs, narr.ely, that the -u'hor i =? so noncerned about the book as a w'iole that the introductory material takes second olace. In every case I can think of offhand, the f^'rst chf^T3ter was rewritten aft_er the book was finished and tied uo nicely with the material in the book. So Dlease don't take my first crHicism too seriously.
Th^' fact remains, ho-'^ev^r, that Vaudrin w^Ml do nothin^ in all rrobability until the <?econd chaDter is -nre<^en^er' for an^roval. Please let T.e know in the v^ry -^^ar f^Jtare what you intend to do, as I shall want to ma^e ülans for my sideline work for the nertfew months. Let me know what you intend todo about the second book vou outlined.
With best wipjhes, I am
Sincerely vours, V.ilton Sisjmund Pratiner
\
LELAND HAYWARD, Inc.
AGENCY
654 MADISON AVENUE NEW YORK CITY
REGENT 4-700O CABLE "hAYWIRE*
March 28, 1941 De AR Dr. Schwarzchiud:
As ARRANGED, I AM RETUr.NrNG YOUR OUTLINE
OF VüSTRA CULPA.
SiNCERELY YOURS,
^
y
»w- ^^^r*^ «CA- >
f-U ^s
Frances Pindyck
fp:lb
ENG.
Dr. Leopold Schwarzchild ^OTEL Colon lAL 81 ST St. and Columbus Ave. N. Y. C.
riay/ .1041.
Dorr "r. ?rntin*:r.
In ny nsyx',1 (Ur:trrof ortpl forcot to s?nd
you t c (^bocv Innt v/eok.T'ere it Ic.
f'incerly yoiirs
Nov^rS 1,40
o.o^.^oynrilnnd ritohcook
Dorr L!r**icKf>uchfin,
I want to Ljiank you find r.:r.^ itchcock for tho books v/hioh rrrivGd Go-ne Arrrr nrter your lettor. IT .Tiy opinion Interertr you I rhould s£iy thrt T en loyod t>^en vory nucr^
• In th() inormwhile 1
hrvc vTitten n mthpr volu'^.inous outline of my book tlio t Inr Coi.Tnimiön-irn^ism. It ir rlre''^.(ly tronr.lntod -na 1 think yoi: V'ill Vipvc^ it ec'nesday. ,
Verv cinceroly yoi^rs
Loopold :Jo}; ^irzüoi.ild
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REYNAL AND HITCHCOCK. iNC,
386 FouRTH Avenue
New York
Ootober 23^ 1941
Leopold Sohimr£8ohildj Esq«
Hotel ColonUl
810 Columbus Avenue
New York, N* Y.
Dear Mr« Schvi^rsschllds
As I am 8ure you know, Kniok has been talking to US a little about that soheoie« I am sending along a copy of the letter I have Just written him nhioh expressed our attitude about it so far as a book Is ooncemed* I really think it is primär lly magatine stuff , but if it looked awfully good in an article, expansion might be possible*
Sincerely^.^ i
Curtioe Hitohoook
REYNAL AND HITCHCOCK. INC.
I
386 FouRTH Avenue
New York
November g, I9U0
z-j'/^:
Mr. Leopold Schwarzschlld Hotel Colonial Columbus Ave. & Slst Street New York City
Dear Mr. Schwarzschlld:
A» I promlsed you yesterday, I am sendlng you xinder separate cover coples of THEY WANTED WAE. hy Otto Tollschus and GERMAN ECONOMY, ty Gustav Stolper, hoth of whlch were putlished hy cur firm In early Atigust.
It was extreraely nlce to meet an old frlend of Red Knickerhocker 's and hoth Mr. Hltchcock and I look forward to seelng a Synopsis of one of the hooks about whlch we talked.
As you know, It Is extremely dlfflctilt to make any Judgment ahout the hook^s possihlllty for the American maiicet wlthout flrst seelng at least a portlon of the manuscrlpt, but we thlnk there are posslhllltles In at least one of the projects whlch you outllned.
ToTirs very slncerely, REYNAL & HITCHCOCK. Ine*
fiPU'^j^c^^
J. A. UcKaughan
Jam:hp
/
CIRCLK 6-6459
CABLE ADDRESS: STROMRHEIN
Prof. H. Rheinstrom
DR. OF LAWS AND ECONOMICS
128 CENTRAL. PARK SOUTH
NEW YORK, N. Y.
EUROPEAN OFFICES LONDON. W. C. 2. 10 NORFOLK STREET
Paris. 26. Av. Henri Martin
29. März 1941,
Herrn Dr. Leopold Schwarzschild, Hotel Colonial,
Columhus Avenue at 81st Street New York City.
Lieber Herr Schwarzschild,
in der Anlage gebe ich
Ihnen die beiden bestätigten Kopien der Briefe der Association Professionnelle und des Ministere de 1« Information vom 14. bezw. 16. Mai 1940 wieder zurück. Ich habe an Monsieur Monprofit Abschriften davon gegeben und nehme an, dass ich in den nächsten Tagen die von ihm erbetene Bestätigung für die canadi sehen Behörden erhalten werde.
Mit freundlichen Grüssen
2 Anlagen Einschreiben
Ihr ergebener
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ich nuf dieO' ß uouUiicnt.dao ßioU uobri(>:ns nicht mehr in nolnor "Mnö. borin(lr?t,r.ni,;ei:ioixoncr- ranöson nicht nntv/ortot toaa
V ae Ihren IJriof von gertern ?mbolnnüt,rol:n;;ituli'^ -t or noine Bereitsohart zu den von Ihnen und 7.v/e:. nn eren seiner .'rcunOo covnifinficr.ton /Aisfu^ion treffen nit l\lr.uß lUinn,
Aber dc-r /-U3tjan{:;opunkt nunn der vorcocohono bI(^ibon#''r nollte aue der Kon^'tatioruni,^ beatohon^Gaca unc'.;r dr'üiru.:!!- cor politiocher Konflilrta-Anlno«,nüoialich Klaue Iianns Vorhreltnio zur r^oiarjot-lolitil:, ziinindost lieuto oeGoniiitandGloo aoi, io irimor eö in der Vorgan- :enlieit darui^i be: teilt Gov.öüen sein mocco: In der Oecen\/.';rt Jeä<mfrllS|allen Vcrsio]i(?i'un(:ron 7>urol{jo,oxii3tioro or nicht mehr*
Von dicror Grundla^je krnn ich nicht nb^-^.^lion.'^'io Abv/nndlunt^ dos VorfnlironGp - die Ihrer oi(;non -Irlaeuterunr; ^uf olco G:/riboiioir;ren nollp<3ara die Yorc^mGcn- heit nicl t otv/a von b(iidcn Gleiten roccrviort blr'ibt^a-'ndorn df-'Ot: iol ein Unrecht in ihr oinbokennop- dieoe .'bv/nndltinK akzaptic^ro ic; nicht.
Ich kann nici.t GChlleßGonpOUne '3lo einer norco zu enthoben« wSio rrproclien in Ihrem Drief rilt ()ffonbnrr;Ta rite7;efuo'il davon^dna in /ncriko raoino ToGitlon vorsc!iloohtort''SBi imd erwjohnon 01 on ''Druck der VcrliaoltmiGse^idov:; ic]\ untorlioGc.In '^uir-^^^
?£±?j:Hs
Sohreibon sind die ^\ndcutuncon lieber meine Jetzl,TO vori.i Intiiche v^cli^'eech? und ii;ro noeßlicl.o Aurnuct7.unß i^erndezu \Aioht lg ♦Seien Sie so unbesorf:;t v/ie ioli iselbBt es bin • Ich bin fuersorgllch versichert ^df^ns die Helntion der r>taerkeri sich in rallo so^Uer 3i)<'ieterer oder sciion bo/';onnener Tersuöho nlö nni;;;uenötic nicht fuev raioi' entpuppen vvTionie» •
Und dnnit^finrlf» ic):, sollte die Praelinin^r-Unterhrltung uobor den /riod^n^den ich vorsiehe, die I'on- >ellln,;e- ren^jdio ich hinnoei ne^oiior don Krio{;,don icii_ unrern^aber f:ut fuouren \7uordo,v/oul^ii f^n^'e-*^^^ 't J-^ilc^o sein. Ich mooc'.ite sie nicht fortsetsen,:V/^s Klaus i>.nn betrifft. ist es ganr. an iKm.zu
waehlen. " -: ^ .,. -^-, -^'V"v* . - --^- '^^'^ mo(^tv^:^u'l llo-:
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TEL. PLAZA 3-9433
CABLE ADDRESS-RIESSTAM NEW YORK
CURT RiESS
AMERICAN CORRESPONDENT OF PARIS-SOIR 540XXXeAST 571« STREET NEW YORK CITY
Mr. Leopold Schwarzechlld Hotel Colonlal
Colurabue Av© and 81 st Street New York, N.Y*
25 .Februar 1941
Sehr geehrter Herr Schwarz schildl
Ich habe vor einigen Wochen - ich eohaetze es waren fuenf oder sechs - einen Brief an Sie geschrieben« Inzwischen sind mir ge- wisse Bedenken gekommen, dAü^die Dame, die damals aushilfswei»« se meine Sekretaerin war, HteML meine ganze Post erledigt hat« Diese Bedenken dehnen sich auch auf den Brief an Sie aus, da ich eine K^pie nicht finden kann* Ich lege aus vielen Grauenden sehr grossen Wert darauf, dass Sie diesen Brief erhalten« Ich waere Ihnen daher zu groesstem Dank verpflichtet, wenn Sie mich wissen Hessen, ob Sie den Brief erhalten haben oder nicht« Ein Wort genuegt«
Mit Gj^uessen fuer Sie und Ihre Frau Gemahlin bin ich
Ihr sehr ergebener
1
^'
TRafalgar 7-2000
51 WEST EIGHTY-FIRST STREET
"NewYomk
24, Jtaerz 1941,
Sehr geehrter Herr Rless, •
Besten Donk fuer Ihren Brief vom 12 • ort, loh glaube zv/nr nicht, dass ich Jemnls noch etvmß "sohv/arz auf v/einn" in dieser alten Ge- ROhichte brauchen vwrde,- eher eben weil es eine alte Gor.ohichte ist und bleiben soll, will ich auch nicht mehr darauf eingehen« Ich bin Ihnen sehr verpflichtet fuer die Muohe und die Beweg- grucnde Ihres Schreibons und bitte Sie, mich Ihrer Frau zu empfehlen.
Mit besten Grucs
Ihr
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PACING -LANDS CA PED -PUANETARI
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76x11 CONGRESS 3d Session
H. R. 9564
IN THE HOUSE OF EEPEESENTATIVES
«
April 26, 1940
Mr. Bloom introduced tlie followin^ bill; which was referred to tlie Com-
mitteo on Tmmiirration and Naturalizatlon
,\
A BILL
Yov tlie rolief of Ada Eousina.
1 Be it enacted hf/ the Senate and House of Representa-
2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assemblcd,
3 Tliat Ada liousiiia, fornierly of Kumania, iiow temporarily
4 in tliis coiiiitrv, sliall ))o adiiiittod to tlio T^iiited States of
5 Anieriea for pernianeiit resideiice liere, iiotwitlistaiidiiig aiiy
6 ])rovisions of tlie inimigration laws of tlie United States iiow
7 in effeet. Upon tlie eiiaetinent of tliis Aet tlie Seeretarv of
8 State sliall instniet tlie proper (piota-eontrol offieer to deduet
9 one nuniher froni tlie Kunianian cpiota for the first year tliat 10 the Said Kunianian cpiota is availahle.
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Dec^lO* 1940
ür^Alfroci achifton ?1 3a st r-^f?.str. N.Y.Gity
Sehr cöehrter Ilorr^
Vom Aufbau erhielt ich Ihr Schreibern zuge^^t eilt, und hoere auf diese eirc zu:tj ersten :^.al etvms Authontinohos. wenn .''uch noch Undof iniertes, Ufiber dns Gchicksal von (Terdn i:)6r.on-Alexcn- öer« cnn t>ie nelir winson^sn^en .ae ^ s mir bitte«
Ich r:tohe nrtuorlich Tiit (er ge^ii-ns-^iton lirklaerung 7ui Vcrfuot^ungf- v:ns iiimer sio \ert r>oi.nrgon 3io nir^v/Rs und \ ie L>ie es o^soKrieben hnben wolltm.
Ihr or,:ob»?nor
Gorda ALEXANDER» HM 3IM(Ä, bom ; 24. March 1900 in Berlin, üeraany . mrrUd wlth » Horbert ALEXAHDER, born In HM&ur c, Gwway .
Kr». 0«rdÄ Alexaador m» «y p«r«oofcl Mcrotary »nd «»or^tary of tho elltorinl staff of «»y «»e/lla« Crom about 1927 until h«r wrrloG» in T9S8. Thaaa «••kllaa w^ft In Barlln, tili HiUar aass to pow»r In 1955: "naa Tajja-Buch" , "Dß« Magarln dar Wl rfcaohaft" , "M.M. «r Montag Morgan" j in Pari«, fro« 1988 OHaard i "Daa Hau* Tago-aioh".
In thl« poeltifln, llra .Alaxandar «as an Integral pari of orary detail ef ttaat struggla ngalnst Ritler vAiich was tha roreaost ooo- oem of those papers. Taohnloalljr» »nä *nmL aor« than techoloally, tho iioio relatiOBS «ith eollaboraton, polltloal organlaatlona otc. «ere canoeatratod In hör haada. Sh« tendllod th« coaunloatlanc vdth se'irfrb in**oraaata of all klade In Geraaair and wlth aotlToly antlnatl oiroloa In th» now subjaeatad ocontrlot.
If Mr«. Aleauinder, now In Southern Pranoe, should All in OoraMi hanta, thei« ia no doiArt that slia «culd ba sulKittod to rocklee« phyaloal tortur« In ordor to «xtraot fr«« her inforaatlaii« *4iioh In ^eir tum woald be ftotal '<o « ocnsidombl« &uBä>er of persona In 0«rw>i^y,l'ranoo,Ax»htrU,Cfteohoclowakla,!toilftad,otc. Pür^-anaore, there
i» llttl« -Icwibt thet her jtrviinar ftkto «.s a rcTonge fW her aotl'ritle» a»! viim would be ae deapemte aa oan be Inngined.
I have to EÄUtioo in thU ooaaectlon that I a^aalf aa an otject of oartionlarly bitter nasi h«trod. 1 ma «unaucct tJw fuet 38 mAma thoy doelar»! expatriated in 1033- i^y |m> ^^^* P*P«f '^ **» '^^^ "FäI to Illusiooa" whioh I v^bli^h*»! after the beglmlng« of tl» Ifctti reglm «er« tho targat of partioulnrly blttor and ooBtimeaa attaoka and oonapirationa of tho ?ropa:^!>da--niniHtry p>M tJ» Uestapo. In ooo- soquenoo.I myaelf •»«»• '«mongst the Tirrt to lAoai the neneroaity of AMrioan euthoritles jpmnted »m «aorgenoy ▼is» oft«r the Frenoh oa- ta atroph* .
*¥a. Alexander ha« nany Rood fViaada In tho ü:iit*i State«. 5he knowa practioally all tho roAigoo« to «hfl« such polltloal aaargenoy Tlaaa twre granted and Is kaoMi to practloolly all of tho«. She alao hae ntlaÜTos iriio ara Aaerloan oitisea«, aaongat Ünm an unelo, Vr. Alfred Sohlftan. 5T Ba8t,28 th atroot, Low York City, who nado out ths affldavlt In her fiHTOur.
January 3rd» 1941*
81at Coluni>u« ArenM Rew Yoiic, K.Y.
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Telephone LExington 24984 |
Cablc Address SCHIFTAN New York |
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ALFRED SCHIFTAN |
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MANUFACTURERS' AGEISIT |
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37-39 HAST 28th STRHHl' |
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NEW YORK |
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1 87. Dez. 194o |
Mr. Leopold Schwarz schild c/o ColoniQl i-iotel Columbus -Mvenue ^ 81st St» I^ew lork City
Sehr verehrter üerr vSch'-arzschild:
Ich freute mich sehr v^oxi Innen zu hgren, besonders darüber, ctass es Innen ^^l'^^^^-n ist, nacn 08^1. zu gelängen und v/ün- sc.ie ica Innen von Herzen alles, alles Gute fJr Ihre weitere ^ukunf t.
Ich teil^ limei ^:ern
m'-
i ■>
cias
mit, '^/as icii ber m^lne Kusine
uerda Sirnon-ülexanaer weiss :
Ihre letz Le /^dresre, nacii der »'ir ihr noch k'irzlich schrie- ben, L-na aucn neute uela liber^' lesen, ist:
Hotel Lionciiere
lence (Haute Loire), france.
Sie befindet sicxi uort in ^^rosser Notla.^e, <ar drei Mal von inrem ivlanne -etrennt, der sich jetzt ^^le^ier in Einern Camp be- finaet und -eiss nicnt, was aer nächste Ta-, fir sie bringen v/ird,- Var, SO' ie Herr r-iciiarci feyer, Hoobs Erook Farru, Kendal Green, Mass., haben ihr kleinere aeldbetr.--:ii:;e -'esandt, damil sie sicii etvas iber V.a;iser nalten kann. Durc. die i ederal Reserve j^ank in Hev' York kann man aie Genehnii^un^ erhalten, jeaem i-onat ein^ n betrag zu überweisen.
l ir haben alles vorbereitet, um ein Afri.iavit auszustellen und v'ollen nächste \.oche zu einem üomite gehen, um evtl. zu errei- chen, dass sie ausseriialu der C.uote hereinkommt, »^as manchmal möglich ist.- Icn scxirleb an Herrn tnomas ivlann , oa lu^.ine Kusine mitteilce, da.s sie ihn k-nne und er evtl. günstig' aber sie aus- sagen könnte. Eisher eriiiult icn noch k. ine Imtovt und hoffe sehr, dass Thoüias ^viann unserera Ersucnen nacnkomnen v ird. Ich bat ebenfalls nerrn Richard Vayer, »der fiieine Kusine sehr schätzt, -in solches tchreJben auszustellen.- Vor allem lie^t nat^irljch den he- hüruen aier uaran, dass be^-ie^en ^iru, aass sich die^^^iSi^^^^s^^^rson nie politiscn betätigt hat (d.h. nicht kom 'nmistisch oder faschi-
Telephone LExington 2-1984
Cablc Address SCHIFTAN New York
ALFRED SCHIFTAN
MANL/FACTURERS' AGEl^T
37-39 HAST 28th STREET
NEW YORK
- k, -
stiscxi). Da Sie meine Kusine £o lani,e Zeit kanntp'n, "'?ire es evtl. V,. in .sehenswert, uns eine kurze Bestüti,,uns ütier ..ie ^eit inrer Arbeit bei Iiinen, ihren Charakter etc. zu geben und evtl. betonen, dass sie sich nie kora-nunistisch ooer f&fchis Lisch betätig; te, sondern eine tro:v. e Anhäni-erin "er Demokratie sei. Es w^re w-inscnenswert, ebenfc^lls inren .-'ann, Herbert Alexander, einzu- sciilies5,en, riamit er aus dem Camp befreit • eraen kann.
Erst nacn Erapfan,u der v-rschi©äenen £ est;; ti^un^en kann ich zu dem C.tnite t,enen. Falls Sie mit Thomas iwann auf befreunäetera Fusse stenen, wäre es evtl. zu eai; fe.in, •• enn c ie j-o lieb^ns^^-ür- di- »vKren, kurz auf aein vScnreiben ;.n ihn l-ezus zu nehmv/'n und ihn hf rzlicxist bitten, unserem •.■.unsciie freinailchst nachzukom-nen.
ivieme Ausme würde sich bestimmt sehr freiien, von Jnnen^^'u hören wenn es aucii nur einige Zeilen sind, ...enn in dieser Notla.'e ist '
das sciiönste uef-lhl, wenn man v.eiss, wahre Freunde zu besitzen.
es
F.Hlls Sit irgend eine /.uskunft vvi.tnschen, stehe ich Ihnen jederz it zur Verfüg un^ und w-tir^e mich rehr freu-.n, fie kennen zu l-'-rnen. Vielleicht machen Me uns avch aas Verj^nü-en, uns ^elecentlich an eine;D Sonnabend oaer Gonnta^ in unsere-o Heim in Ke"' Gartens zu be- suci.en. Lie können uns stets im Büro ~ ausser Connabenas - telefö- niscxi erreichen (L-xin^ton h^-lvöA) .
Indem ich Sie vielmals beijrioce und aie oele^enii it benutze, Ihnen ein recht ^lic^.liciies i^eues Jahr zu Vinschen, das hoffentlich der Menschhfiit aen lan^ ersehnten I rieben brini:en möge, bin ich, nit bebten na.prealun^en von meinem Ib. i^anne,
Ihre er< ebene
oLß^^t^J U xl^irt^iX-y--
nnbei tcnreiben meiner Kusine zur gef ] .1 insicht, das Sie uiis f reTin*Jliohst ^vieder zurücksenden wollen, da ich es für das Coraite benötige.
Telephone LExington 2-1984
Cable Address SCHIFTAN New York
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ALFRED SCHIFTAN
MANUFACTURERS' AGEhlT
37-39 HAST 28th STREET
NEW YORK
11, April 1S41
Mr . Leopold Schwarz schild c/o Hotel Goionial 51 West Slst Gtreet New York City
Sehr verehrter Herr uchwarzschild:-
Icn nehme höflichst Gercia Alexander una
iezu^ a\3f "unsere Korre .pon^;enz vegen kann Ihnen mitteilen, dass die Angele- genheit t'^nstig vom hiesiöen Comite entschieden ist. Die Sache rxoht nun zur Erledigung in Washington und dürfte in einigen Vochen nach driiten .^ekabelt v^ercien,
Z.Zt. ist nun aie Fra^^e der Passage zu klären. Ich hatte mich bereits scnon an viele Freunde von derda gev.'andt, die meisten sind jeaocii erst ^anz kurze ^eit hier und verfütien über V eniei Verbindungen.
rf Da - vde Sie vielleicht im Aufbau gelesen haben v.erden - die Erlan^un^ des Visums nur mö,:,licxi ist, v/enn man .jlsichzeitig
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Quittung aber Fassa.^e vorlebt und Gerda sorie ihr ?fenn sich in sehr schlimmen Verhältnissen befinden (lege Brief bei, den ich kürzlich endelt), möchte ich, nachdem aie An^^elegenheit durch vvashin^ton wahrscheinlicn -ünstig beschieden veraen wird, nicht plötzlich alles an der Passage scheitern lassen,- Vvir per- sonlich haben scnon so viele Verpflichtungen abgesehen von einem verlustreichen Geschäft, sodass wir zu unserem grossen Bedauern nichts tun können.- Ich sprach bereits mit aem rmerbency Rescue Comite und ^larde mir dort gesagt, wenn es mir möglich wäre, nur einen Bruchteil des Geldes aufzubringen, sie evtl. versuchen Ver- den, den i:iest zu bezahlen. Z.Zt. sind ja keine Schiffskarten zu haben, wir haben uns jeaoch im Reisebüro Tausig vormerken lassen. Es durfte ca. g 700, oo bis '^ 600, oo für 2 Personen kosten.
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Ich wäre Ihnen nun im Namen von Gerda Alexander sehr dankbar, v^enn Sie die grosse Freundlichkeit hätten, sich für diese Sache einzu- setzen, damit sie und ihr Mann aus Frankr» icn gerettet v erden kön- nen. Vielleicht ist es Innen auch auf Grund Ihrer Beziehungen mög- lich, aen Gesamtbetrag uurch eine Organisation oder Fonds zu erhal- ten.
Nochmals vielen D^k in der Hoffnung, diese Zeilen erreii^hen Sie bei bestem V^ohlsem Ihre ::i(.^jiJ{(L^:^{. -
I I
15, April 1941 ♦ ,
Ftv.u Ilre Hohiftr.n,- 37-39 K RFrth Street, üov; Tori:»
Cehr c^<^hrte Frau Schiftnn^
loh h'^be mit gronr.eri Bedniern Gerda Sinonn Brief ccloren und mit BcMcnritiivz den r riren. Dio Tntcnohe ist dio, desr. ich rolbrt keine !.!oecliohkeit hr.he, Ircendot'-^.ß fin-^nzlollos Tni tun^ denn ich bin cbonfr.llß ohne T'ittol in /vneril:?'. nn(^ekonnen*- Aber nnch ncinon ':rfnhriincen iriurB ich es puch fner cehr imv-phrr 3hcinlich hnlten^ dans es nir n;o3.inj::on vaierf^c^ nonst vren zu interec- nicrenÄ ])i^ Leute s^.ßen nlTo dnsnolbo vflo Sic: dasß sie ^^och andere Ver ^flichtuncen haben^ unc^ nicht Icoennen v;le sie v/ollen,- lond dan rll' s sicher nJ.t vollem Recht • Auch xmore s^rniohta ßGv/onnon^ vjenn aur»r:er Ihnen auch ic)^ mich nnd ovs KeF.cue Konite v/enden vAiorde^ \\n ihn naherAilocen, (loch füo Ueberfphrt zu tra^en^ ich habe dort nicht
I I
mehr Rlnfluro ols Slo und die ^-fohrunren vvnren tjißhor so, dncp r.olion die Bereitschaft dos /voraitfH, einen Teil der Kosten zu tivron. ein eror,:-,er Erfolr: Ißt. ' *
i:o tut mir leid, Ihnen nici'tn becReros oreen 7,u koennen, nber ich hof lo, dnes es Ihren doch Gelincen v/ird, df.o i'roblen zu loc-ser.
Ich bef^ruep e r.lo.
sehr ergeben Ihr
" \
I I
Telephone LExington 2-1984
Cable Address SCHIFTAN New York
ALFRED SCHIFTAN
MANÜFACTURERS' AGEhlT
37-39 HAST 28th STREET
NEW YORK
5-19-41
Mr, Leopold Schwarz schild c/o iiotel kolonial 51 West ölst Street New York City, liX,
r
!.
1»
Mein sehr verehrter Herr Sohvvarzschila:
Ich aanke ihnen herzlichst f ir die Üebersendunf5 des Schecks für % 10, oo und Ihre i^emlihungen in dieser An- geleseniaeit.
Auch ich ^.ill hoffen, dass Ihre i^^rbeit i^m Interesse meiner Kusine von Erfolg gekrönt sein möge.
Auch ich habe inzwischen alles i^^o^liche versucht, um üelder zu i;armnern und erhielt icn solche von Menschen, die v,eder meine iiU..ine noch ihren Mann persönlich kennen. ii.s fehlen zwar immer noch f. 80, oo an aer z^-eiten Fahrkarte.
Ich erhielt gerade gestern ein neues cchreiben meiner Kusine. Inr lann ist immt^r noch im La^er in Gurs und geht es ihm hunds- miserabel, kuf ^rund unseres Kabels, dass V.ashin^'ton Ausstellung des Visums empfohlen hat, hat sie sofort Tcnritte in die Wege ge- leitet, um ihn von uort zu befreien.- Um die Sache zu XKia beschleu nigen, ua man nicht weiss, was die n:. chsten Ta^e bringen, v^dll ich versuchen, mit uem uelae, das ich nisher b-kam, das Com^ittee zu veranlassen, herdberzukabeln un i mich verpflichten, den liest so schnell .-ie mö lieh nactizubrin^ien.
Ich wdrae mich freuen, vvieuer von Ihnen zu nören, und bin mit herzlichsten Griisaen un- besten Emr-fenlun^ren
Ihre
N.
May 16, 41
fiehr
li
ehrtet i-Tau wSchiftan,
Als Srce^^nis meiner
Beinuehunce ■. wecen des Restes fuer die PRSsace von Gerda Simon hebe ioh heute - von ihrer i*'reundin Blanche Goldmark-ITeniann - den Cheok ueber 10 ' bekomiaenjdon ioh beilece, Dan ch v;undo .te es mich nicht, dnss ich von einer Seite, die gar nichts von ihr weiss und auf die ioli eine gewirse HoffnuntJ Gesetzt hatte, eine Absage bekari.
Vielleicht gelingt :är
noch etwas.
l'it ergeb-nen Gruss
Frau Ilse Gchiftan 37-39 Eact £8 Str. Nev/ York
\
Class of Service
WE S TE RN UNION
1201
R. B. WHITE
NEWCOMB CARLTON CHAIRMAN OF THe BOARD
^ , ü'\0 SEP 1 1
SYMBOLS
DL «Day Letter
NT -Ovemight Telegram
NLT-Cable Night Letter
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FIRST VICE-Ht»i
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The üiing time shown in the date line on telegrams and day letters is STANDARD TIME at point of origin. Time of receipt is STANDARD TIME at point of destination
NAL4^!- S^^aMEV/YOPvK NY 11 ??.^P '
DP» LEOPOLD SCIIV/ARZSCHILDs
• AnRIVirjG THURSDAY MORMIMG SEP V^ SS NEA HELLAS ARRIVIflG
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VERY AfJXlOUS YOU GET IM TOUCH V/ITH ME IMMEDI ATELY UPOM ARRIVAL PLEASE TELEPMOHE w'ALlCER r>'^'+?!? CR V/RITE YOUR ADDRESS Tu 2?.7 EAST 84 STREET NEUE VOLKSZEF TUfJG-^
GERHART SEGER.^
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TRE COMPANY WILL APPRBCIATE SUaOESTIONS FROM ITS PATRONS CONCERNING ITS SERVICE
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29 - 11 - 1940t
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Lieber Herr Schwarzschild,
vor allem danke ich Ihnen von ganzem Herzen für die besondere i«reuiidlichkeit , mit der Sie meine Bitte um ein Attest für das Konsulat erfüllt haben, ich habe den Brief der Wew York Times dem Konsulat übergeben und hoffe, das VisLim am 5» Dezember zu bekommen. Ich kann Ihnen im Augenblick gar nicht sagen, wie dankbar ich ihnen bin, und wie gerne ich schon üelegenlrieit hätte, Ilrinen meine Dankbarkeit auch zu beweisen.
Leider habe ich Urnen in Angelegenheit Bornstein, allerdings ohne mein Verschulden, eine falsche Auskunft erteilt» Sowohl Mme. Tallon als auch ich hatten übereinstimmend die Mitteilung erhalten, Bornstein sei auf dem Wege nach Lissabon. Inzwischen hat sich herausgestellt, dass das portugiesische Konsulat in Algier die Ausstellung des Transitvisums verweigert hat. Wir bemühen uns derzeit mit allen Mitteln, ihm doc?i das Visum zu besorgen. Da ich bisher noch nichts Positives erfahren konnte, habe ich jbrau Bornsteins Telegramm bisher nicht beantworten können, hoffentlich wird sich auch dieser Fall, wie so viele andere zuvor, befriedigend klären.
Von Familie Graupe bin ich seit der Abreise des Ehepaares Dr. Glaser ohne jede Nachricht und befürchte, dass sie durch die derzeit besonders erschwerte Durchreise durch Spanien zurück- gehalten sind.
ich möchte Sie nicht gerne mit Fragen behelligen, wie es Ihnen geht, was Sie treiben, etc., denn ich weiss, dass Sie arbeiten und nicht gestört sein wollen. Aber ich hoffe doch, in absehba- rer zeit wieder Gelegenheit zu haben, einen »fvebergassen-übend mit Ilmen und Vally zu verbringen, naxidküsse, Grüsse, und alles Liebe und Gute
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Telephone LExington 24984
Cablc Address SCHIFTAN New York
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ALFRED SCHIFTAN
MANL/FACTURERS' AGENT
37-39 HAST 28th STREET
NEW YORK
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Dr. R. Walter Schlesinger THE ROCKEFELLER INSTITUTE
FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH
66^« STREET ano YORK AVENUE NEW YORK
December 19, I9U0
Mr. Leopold Schwarzschlld Colonial Hotel ^51 West 81st Stre'=>t New York Citv
DpRr Mr. Schwär 5? schlld:
You may r'=»call our telephone conversations during last we^k. I dld not receivp the desired affir'avit untll to-day, and I sm encloslnr It herewlth.
Ne^dless to say that any ar^istance on your part would be d^eply appreciated. In adrition to the data cÄained in Mr« Walter Sternes Statement, I should llke to mpntion that my hrother's ad' ress in Brüssels v/as as follows: c/o Hein- rich Rainer Ltd., I9 Place Ste. Catherine.
To-morrow mornln,^ I shall try to reach you over the 'phone. I hope that I am not puttin^ you to too much trouble. Thankin^ you for your courtesy, I am r'ith ki'^dest personal r^^ards
yours sincer^ly,
/? cdßM^ \/tc^ee^^;z.
S. Walter Schlesinger, M.D.
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Hotel Internaclonal
Lisboa, 9^8^40^
Dear Schwarzschild^
As P#S* to my lötter fr cm today I woiild ask you
very much to try at any comlttee or a wealthy patron to get
some
money for me«
I stay In the expensive Liboa wlth a few Escudos and maybe I have to walt several weeks* I recelved from the Joint (QPt Schwarz) 250 Escudos^ and that was not evan enough to pay the hotell, whlch I left today^
I hope it will not be to hard for you to get a few hundred dollars and cable them as soon as pcsslble to Lisboa
poste restante.
I am very sorry for asking thls, please excuse
it.
Yet I cannot glve you a permanent ^drt.'ss, I am
looking for a cheaper apartment.
Please letiae know how you are and take many regards
from
yours
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CONFORTO MODERNO ^-»^
INSTALACÖE3 ELEO- TRICAS, ASCENSOR. APOSENTOS COMÄGUA QUENTE E FRIA. ETC.
£»d. T«l«g. HONAL
T.Ufon«« 2 7245 - 2 9003 T«l«fon« 4* Bstado 39
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CONPORfO MODERNO INSTALACÖE3 ELEC- TRICAS. ASCENSOR. APOSENTOS COMAGUA QUENTE E PRIA. ETC,
Ead. T«Ug. HONAL
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Lisboa 10.8.40.
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Dear Sch'varzschild^
3orry, that you had left when I caine h-re*
I arrlved the day before yestorday v/lth Mr* and llrs. Polgar^ Ruth and Leonhard Frank^ whom I brought here saf ely wlthout any
▼Isa de sortie*
Dr# Fry askod from Marseille for a USA-Visum for ibb,
whlch had not arrlved vrhen I left thore*
I travelled with a Chinese visiiin, biit I don^t want to go there at all.
The v/hole world should be interested in to bring me to USA^ otherwise I am forced to go to England and Join the Ermy* After I lost already 5 wars^ which I particii>ated^ a slxth one would have no chances.
Out of these and other reasons, my dear friend, I ask you to do everything you can do and to cable me a Visum here or if one in t?ie maantime should h^ive gone to Marseille^ to direct
It here.
Only for vory few j^eople it will be possible to
get out of France now because the other countries only give translt- Visa if you c n show the french Visa de Sortie (and who gets that).
Bernsteins new address Is t Camp SuzzXnl par Boghar
Department Alger.
Please give my regards to all of you, especially
to Vally and wrlte to Lisboa, poste restante,
Ever yours
SPANN^
Please teil Vally, that the lütter was not sent to the Banl^ in P--^ *
Lilly didn't send anything. / . , ^ '
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Octobor 9^ 1940
My dear r>pann:
GroGt was t he surpriso your letter provoked.Just oone niinutoo beforo it had nrrived the Reooue •vonnttec) had cnllod me upjond aftor the retard of soveral v/oeks OHusod by your \vronc infoinntion about
innlc^ration wo Just hnd happily reauscitnted the problon of a vißltor-visa«
But \vl:o in theso times can foresGo If n ohoicc is or Is not the riglit ono? In fnct^if it may bc oasior todny to die in T^nglnnd^it may be harder to livVe in
USA*
I sinoeroly v/ish^that you nnd Ruth finc every chanco inaf,innblo on tlie Islr nd.^\nd do not forßot^th.'^t v/hbnever I O'-n do soraething for you in this country^I am alv/nys ready to try ny very best.
Good luck^denr Spann, am' I to hav- of your nev/sö fron tirac to tinc.
Yours affectionatoly
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C^memenci
Ke6cue L^o
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'aencu f\eöcue v^ommiuee
122 HAST 42nd STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y.
TELEPHONE MURRAY HILL 3-4590
Chairman
Frank Kingdon
Vice Chairman
L. HoUingsworth Wood
Treasurer
James H. Causey
Secretary
Mildred Adams
National Committee Eimer Davis Mrs. Emmons Blaine Dr. Robert Hutchins Mrs. Henry Goddard Leach Dr. William Allen Neilson Dr. Charles Seymour Dr. George Shuster Raymond Gram Swing Dorothy Thompson
October 14, 1940
Mr Leopold Sch^/artzchild Hotel Colonial
51 West Bist Street
Nöw York City
RE: SPANN, KARL
Dear T^Ir Schwartzchild:
We learned that Mr Spann has not jolned the British Army and will, therefore, need affidavits as soon as oos^iible»
Please refer to our letter of October 4 in which v;e ask you to obtain, if possible, affidavits of Support, Sponsor ship affid.'-vits.
Fday we hear from you soon in regard to
this matter.
LL:D
Yours sincerely
EMERGENCY PESCUE COIVT-IITTEE
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Lieber Heri ocnwurzaohild,
vor etwa zehn Tagexi sch^xe« ich Ihnen o/o "^obau" , da mix- gesagt worden war, aass auf aem We^e Post äu Ihnen ge- langen wuer**.e. inzwischen noe.e ich, ua.,s da^ nicht der ifail ist, xi-tt achrei-o Iimen via Dr. viimbel, da icu Ihre Adreso« nicht weiss, wolle*. Sxe Sich bitte den Brief vom '»^nToa^' scniCiLen lassen. Mir liegt, seh; dax-a^, daas wie ihn beJcommen.
Lassen Sie mich nur noch wieae-.nolen , dass lo** micu sehr #*> freue, Sie hexl in Ame-ik z-. wissen. Ich habe heu»,e gebeert, dtisa auch inre Gattin glueckli^h dieses rettende Land erreicht^ hat. Was ist aus Haniex gewoxde-. Oscar xievy hofft auf Naohrirl* von Inne**. Seine Adresse sch*ieu ic«. Ihnen xn wem «udex-en jsrief^
Her-xic^e Grueose
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rpenoer Arms Kotel 19;0 ^ast '^ist st Chicago, 111.
T.!r# Leopold Sohwarzsohild 0/0 -'Aufbau'» 15 ^ast 40th St New York City
Lieber Herr Sohwarzsohild,
Gott sei Dank, dass Sie nun auch in Amerika sind« '^rst vor 14 Tagen habe ich es erfahren, und erst heute wurde mir von Herrn Dt. Walter Priedlaender in Chicago mitgeteilt, dass man Ihnen via
'»At&au^ schreiben kann. In all den Monaten seit der franzoesisohen Katastrophe haben wir hier immer gefragt: '»Wo ist Sohwarzsohild?'» Niemand wusste es# Vor etwa vier Vfochen bekam ich einen Brief von Oscar Levy mit derselben Frage* Ich bin also froh zu wissen, dass S^ in Sicherheit sind. Fuer 1941 wünsche ich Ihnen ein besseres Jahr als das alte war. 7/enn ich mich nicht sehr irre, muessen Sie neulic/j
fuenfzig Jahre alt geworden sein . Auch dazu herzlichste Glueck^/nien-
Jche. Ich werde aber niemandem erzaehlen, denn die Zahl seiner Jahrg
muss man in Amerika nicht wahrheitsgemaess angeben.
Ks l:?t ^0^1 d*^^ Beste, dass Sie nach New York gegangen sifti, da New York noch halb Kuropa ist; so wird es Ihnen leichter werden, sich in Amerika einzugewoehnen als es z. B. hier im TUddle West waere. Wir vermuten, dass es Ihnen bei Ihrer Tatkraft und if^nergie gelingen wird, ika8*N*ue Tage-Buch^ in irgend einer Form Wiederaufleben zu lassen. Aber auch ehe es so weit ist, wuerde ich mich riesig freuen, von Ihnen einige Zeilen zu bekommen, damit ich es auch Schwarz a\if Weiss sehe, dass Sie wirklich da sind. Vorlaeufig kommt es mir immer noch maerchenhaft vor.
Oscar Levy schrieb, dass er mit seiner Tochter in Oxford ist, nachdem sein Londoner Hotel keine Fenster mehr hatte und "der Mond durch die Mauern schien". Die Adresse ist aber unveraendert *^The Royal Socie- ties Club — London S. W. li '^r fragte auch nach Bornstein, ueber dessen Verbleib Aber Sie vermutlich eher etwas wissen als ich.
Geruechtweise habe ich gehoert, Mehring sei in Lissabon, und Bleber in oder bei Marseille. Stimmt das? Wo ist Haniel? Und was ist aus Harde- kopf geworden? Wo ist Alfred Doeblin? Ich weiss nur, dass Leonhard Frank und Franz Werfel in Amerika sind; das ist aber auch alles. Die letzte Nach- richt aus Frankreich war eine Karte von Frl. Freund vom 15. April: "Nous sommes pleins de confiance". Damals hatten wir hier keine grosse confiance mehr; es kamen damals gerade die ersten Nachrichten, dass seit Dezember 39 nicht nur keine neuen franzoesisohen Ruestungsauftraege nach Amerika ver- geben, sondern alte sogar annulliert waren.
Die meisten von meinen deutschen Bekannten in Fngland sitzen entwe- der auf der Isle of Man eingesperrt oder sind nach Australien gebracht worden.
Sollten Sie Ihr Weg auch mal nach Chicago fuehren, so lassen Sie es mich bitte wissen. Vielleicht kann ich Ihnen dann irgendwie behilflich sein.
Herzliche Gruesse
Ihr
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S'>encer Arms Kotol 1^50 East 71 st ■
(Chicago , Illinois
Seijteinber ^, 1941
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Lieber Herr Schwarzschila ,
Erst jetzt ist durch Zufall Ihr Artiicel in lueiiie i^Iaenoe gekoniraen, den Sie vor ^^ vier Wochen in der "GhicaKo Sunday Times über die Flucht von Hess veroeffentlicht haben, !Iir scheint alles sehr plausibel, uncc es ist die einzige glaubv/ürdige Sr- iclaerung, die ich bis jetzt gelesen habe, j^ine Stelle allercings ist mir in Iliren Ausfuehrun^en nicht verstaendlich.
Sie sa{jen, aass ein ^^amter ces Secret Service als "}.:r, Kifcpatricic" nach Schott- land geschickt wurae , lua Hess auszuiru- gen. i:un war, ;:;oviel ich weiss, aer rlca- tige Iwlr, Hirlcuatrick bis Kriegsausbruch englischer Botschaitsrat in Berlin, a, h. also Geschaeftstraeger in Abwesenheit aes I3ütschaf ters, Hess muss car.er aen richtigen Kirkpatrick von Berlin her ge- kannt haben; und ich kann nicht einsehen, wie ihiu aer Secret Service aen lalsci.en anstelle aes richtigen iarkpatrick hat vorspiegeln koennen, ohne Verdacht bei Hess zu erregen, es sei aenn, cass man einen Iioppelgaenger aes richtigen Kirk- patrick auf Lager hattelr. üjIs wuerde mich sehr interessieren, wie aiese Kirkpatrick' episode zu erklaeren ist.
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Jecenfalls freue ich uich ca^s mt aieser sensationellen Auf::laerunr m uie ü.:ierikanische Pr^^^c^ :,-:^...
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J^<_aniEation uuen in Frankreich
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andere C-e-
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TRAFALGAR 7-2000
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51 WEST EIGHTY-FIRST STREET
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PACING -LANDSCAPED - PLANETARIUM -GARDENS AND MUSEUM -OF- NATURAL - Hl STORY
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Oot.ll. 40
Lieber Herr T??.enzor,
Ihr Clipper vom b^ist Qnßekoranon,und io>. beeile mioii^die Snoho nnzupnoken^Ioh nnhjne an^dnss Sie brauchen: l^cine soßonannto ^^raornl 8ponöorship*%ein in neuerer Zeit neoen dem Affidavit vorlane- tos und in Wortlaut vorc^ooohriebonoo Dolni- ment^dns Ihre UnGefnehrliciikoi' be^^^lnubißt usw* C.ircoiidv/elohe üohreibon^dio Tde nlo Journr?.list anorlcennon und loben ♦ Heides wdrd wohl 7\\ orhnlton rein^
Inzv/i neben bitte ich Sie un einen Gr^ng zur /\merican Rrport Line und eine Intervention dort^'Rs handelt sich um Bornntoln^Der an^Consiil in /Xger hat iliia das von 'Vnshincton nnhoGeleete Vinum zugö- sagt^fkiis bev/ienon v/lrd^dfißB er das Geld fuer die Uel erfHhrtLisbon-Nev:Yor>: und ucr die Reise Alcior-Llsbon hat^Dnrnuf hat seine Schv/ester Jetzt insßosant 5?i5 Doli. bei d'-r Nev/-Yorkor ETprtline-Contmlc eingeznhlt .diese hat Ihre Lisbonner- Filiale infor:iiort^und die Lißbon-f ilinle wieder sollte die 'lßior-?ilin o und den nn.Cnsul in leier infonaieren.nie beigelegten Briefe/ zeigen Urnen alles v;as geschehen ist,
TCs soi.eint abor,dass zwis 'hon den Gonsul einerseits und den vers hiedenen Export line-^Gtufen noch immer kein endGueltiger und v/i ksamor Contal-rb
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hergestollt ißt.Desv/econ also \/erdon Sie 7A1 Hilfe ßorufon^Bitte gohen VAe in Libon zu der Linie und niohern nio mit Nnohdruok ,dass noch einmal folgendes coo^^^i^ht:
l.dnss dem Conaul in Alger noo einmal naohdruecklioh und uniaissverstaemllich mit{5eteilt x/ird^dass alloc Geld fuer nornsteinö Roice duroh /frika^von Afrika nach Lisbon und von Liobon nach Ileivyork tats^echlich in Ilev/York bei der Exportline oin^jesalilt ist
?..dnßG der /dßior-Filiale der Sxpotrtline noch einmal eincecohaerft v;ird,Born8tein, wenn er bei Ihr orochcint^don Betrag ouszuzalilon, der uobor die Ticket-Kosten Lidbon-IIevryork hinauoceht^Godaßs er wirklich biß Li&bon konmon kann.
Das ißt Oev unßch^Sie orden oß n ich er Cut erledi^e^ koennen und com tun*
v.'PB ißt uit Graupo?Ist die Saoho v/itor-
Spann hat ruch mir ßcnohrioben^daas er n'-ch Encl nd 7.u cehen im P>e{",riff iGt^Schade, seine Vißa-Gachc hier v/aere sicher gluocklich zu ';nele cof^öli^^ worden ^und hr:t durch eine unr5 chtißo^vorollice In- foiraation selbst eine Unterbrrchunc von eino:i VonrX verursacht.
Aber ucbcr all das bt^ld nuondlich* i'\ier dießiaal hcrziicho "ruecce und alles
Oute
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BORNSTEIN ONWAY LISBON STOP CONSULATE^ REQUIRES DOCUMENTARY
EVIDPNCE MY PERSONAL VALUE FOR AMERICA DO PLEASE TRY OBTAIN EFFICPENT^ LETTER FROM AMERICAN PERSONALITY OR ORGANISATION STOP YOU ARE ONLYONE ABLE TO HELP AND MY LAST HOPE THANKS
RE CARDS
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TRafalgar 7-2000
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51 WEST EIGHTY-FIRST STREET
S0pta7^1941
Dear llr8#ThompBon:
1 want to ask yxm tor a favoiir# Arranging my Immigration into the USA^I need^from tuvo American oitizenst somathing whioh ia daf ined aa ^Friandship LetterStatteating to stronc; interaat and knowl^lga of applicant^and of applioant^a good ohracter^deairability and induatry^ »Kniokerboekar waa kind enough to give ma one^Am I boring you ▼ery much if I aak you to baoometby meana of a Bimple lattar^my xnoral god«» motlier?
The letter oould be writt«i on any paper and neddn^t be long^It would have to mantion that you knoir me peraonally . and aa a voriter sinoe many yaars^It would hare to apecüc aa kindly aa you balimro it Justified of my v/ork^my papera (''Daa Tagebuch** and **Da8 Kaue Tagebuch**) and my bookaf^'fiad to Illuaion**T«It w>uld have
to^ Bay^that the Hazia azpatriatad me with their first ukaa of the kind ^ that I baliere in demooracy^that I am aa thorough« ly anti^Communiat than I am anti«*Nazi.and that you oonaider me «*«»thia aeema to ba tha preacribed ezprea8ioQ;*»<-aa an ''aaaat for America «And aomdtiow it would haTe to mantion and to indude my wif a Valerie Schv/arzachild •
I am afrait to aey^that thia letter haa not only to be written «» and in 6 copieal ^ but that all 0 copiea hat^e to be awom in before a notary public« Ifeel
FA CING-LANDSCAPE D-PLANE TA RIUM-GARDENS AND MUSEUM -OF-NATU RA L- Hl STORY
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embarassed to demand suoh inoonreiiienoe from 7ou»Still„a8 there are not many Amerioana knowlng me personally^I f eel tluit in addresaing lOTself to your klndness I oan plead «fetenuatlng olroumstanoes«
I hope you'll tinderstand and I tlmnk you in advanoe for the help.
Veary slncerely yours
Leopold Sohwarzschild
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AMERICAN ilNSTITUTE OF
imott
DR. GEORGE GALLUP
Director
1 10 EAST 42ND STREET NEW YORK. N. Y.
Oo tober 8^ 1940
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Vty daar Sofairarzsohlld:
Both my wife and I anjoyad our lunohaon wlth you Tery muoh Indaed, and remaoiber the oooasion with muoh pleasure«
I mada an attampt to raaoh Ifir. Quinoy Howe by talephona yastarday and laamad that, during tha month of Ootober, ha will ba sarvlng on a grand Jury in ona of tha Nair York oourts. Navarthalasa, I undaratand that Ur« Howa makas briaf appaaranoes at hi8 offica during tha day, and 1 hava writtan him at soma langth«
I^hlaas I am mistakan, you will haar fron him diraotly in a day or two, or from a»«
Cordially yours^
John K.M.Tibby r
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Mr« Leopold Sohirarzsohild Hotel Colonial 61 West 8l8t Street New York, New York
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^^^SIMON AND SCHUSTER, INC.
\ Publishers
RoCK^lfELLER CeNTER • I23O SIXTH AVENUE • NEW YORK
'^ October 9, 1940
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Dear Mr. Tibby,
I have known the name of Leopold Schwarzschild and his work for many years, and sbould be glad indeed to meet him» I am now on Grand Jury daty, so I am out in tne afternoons, but I am dropping him a line to sijggest a moming appointment, at his convenienco* Thanks vgry much for suggesting him to
me«
Sincerely,
QUINCY HOWE
John Tibby, Esq«
American Institute ol Public Opinion
110 East 42nd Street
i^ew York City
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Santa Fe
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Lieber und verehrter Herr Schwär zBchlld 9
ich weiss nicht, ob aus den leider sehr kurzen Ge- spraechen, die wir Jetzt in New York miteinander hatten (besonders im Anschluss an den Briefwechself den Sie mir freundlicherweise zugaenglich machten) - ich weiss also nicht, ob meine Stelluiig da ::3nu9gend klar wurde, und ich moechte gerne, dass sie das sei# Sicherlich darf ich mich nicht vermessen, die Ge- wichtigkeiten der Nunbergß und Riess auch nur an- naehemd auszugleichen, - aber die paar Deka Torberg, die ich hab, liegen jedenfalls auf der andern Y/aag- schalst Und sie liegen dort ganz und gar nicht allein," dafuer bestehen solide Anhaltspunkte, an denen Sie sich auch wirklich anhalten sollen und koeniien« Ich habe - verzeiahen Sie meine Offenheit - den Eindruck gehabt, dass Sie die Anfeindimgen jener Finsterlinge doch etws zu wichtig nehmen. Nicht im Persoenlichen - da ist mir Ihre Reaktion sehr gut verstaendlich, weil sie ganz einfach die Reaktion der Sauberkeit ist, die sich mit Kot bespritzt fuehlt« Was Indessen das Sach- liche betrifft, so bin ich ernsthaft ueberzeugt, dass Jene erst gar keinen Zutritt haben zu den Gegenden und Richtungen, in die Sie zu wirken planen, und keines- falls koennen sie Ihre Wirkung und Wirksamkeit ge- faehrden* Davon wird Sie jeder neue Artikel, den Sie veroefftzflLichen, immer foster ueber zeugen, und ich wuensche von Herzen, dass diese Festigung luad Festig- keit sich sehr bald ergebe» .Vemi mich die Drehbuch- Maschine dann noch nicht gaenzlich verschlurft hat, so hoffe ich auch wieder aktiveren Anteil an den Konsequenzen zu nehmen*
Bis dahin bleibe ich, ohne mehr.
/ n/A^-c^
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Ausoerdom freue ich mich, Ihnen die Tat- sache dar doppelten Beistriche und Punkte auf der amerikanischen Tastatur aufklaeren zu koennen t offenbar wird hier sehr oft in Capital Lottere geschrieben, und die permanente Einstellung des Shift Keys auf "oben" soll durch die Interpunktionen nicht unterbrochen werden» - So klaert sich alles auf, sehen Sie« Seien wir optimistisch» VT~^
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üeo^; 1, 1940
Lic bor Torbeigt
Aus viel Arbelt raicse ich nioh heraus. ilj. ali> kleinor Buch- oolireiber dem grosson v'ilin-üo liegen ?u rechtf3r :'eit ein i^roehlichcs Ciiristuas und ein rechtere 'Ut t'^tos Jahr 1941 7X1 \7urinrohon*Dn nolne ^rau^\/ie Sie sioU
viellei-^ht erinnorn^seit vielen Jnhren einen ponitivtui nstroioiriiJvjhon Berund fuer dlenes Jalir h^'^t^und nicht nur fuer
uns ,sonr]ern sozusM^en fr.or ( ie ynnze i.!onochhoit.und da lief und bisher noch ij.mor rio:;tir> -^Gr,::oonnea \^ir cllc guter IIolT- nun^^; sein«
.?>ic hnbon nich uit Ihren orrteu Zeilen aus Kolly\;ood v;irklicu nehr orfreut.ills int huobsch.zu v/isaen.
öncs man puch i^'rvjunde hnt^L-ie doutücao
Snicration hier in Tlew-York hat jich in Wort, und Tat unvorstellbar saeuincU ßc^on mich bGnoiTincn.Ab ir ich kann h-mte ohl engen. drss es ihr doch nicht ßoglu :ckt
ist .nich umr.ubrin^en.und Ihre ;.itteiluno. drrs en auch andre cibtjWr.r in on „ochen. in ronon 'llo rdn{-e kritiscl: zu lio;z:en schienen. nicht uoberfluersig*
'.Vas tun Sie. privat, und beruriichVBri rren i)ie Ih?'o ^ichreibnaschine in einer 3onst leeren Stund o doch einmal 7\ti heden*
Dem Taonzer.fleösen Visuin von becl<''ubicten ?;rklaor\ine^ abhing. dass er fuer Amerika so gut wie uncntbelirlioh ist.hrbe ioli das von clor riow York i'inies-
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Redaktion vornohnfft^ Drnuf rchrieb er nir nn .?9^nov.,or v-erdo S'in Viniiri jet^t in zv;oi Taeen • rlmlten unn b* Id hlot öeln» Seither hnbe ich nichts raelir von ihjn Cehoert^üie?
Bernstein jinit f neri]cnnij:;chom VisuTTijUcbcrf nhrt st ic]:':t ^Creld U3V/«\vohl vo7*r>ohon,sit7t noch inner in Alger ,I'otel Oanis^I^r- /^ibt nnschoinenri nur oinen '7ec uobor Potußfi' jUncl f^ie Portuf-iesen vervoicern ihn noch irane"^" dp.r- ';'rr!nritvirvun^
Den Kranken ^eonhard sa^^en oie bitte, v^enn ';ie ihn n^il G(?h3npdn::,o iol: durch ihn eine ' ette ße\/onnen hobe^/is ich ihii^cin an^"*ercr ::nnlct laortinus^iaeincn llrmtel auf dio Keine init{^abpv;ottete ich r.it iioiner i»>nvi^dnss er nein ln('ißni*rto5 Veraprechen^ihn sofort zurueckzußohioken, trot'-', allen doch nic'it hnlt^n vverr-^, Dorrrtonl
bnd jetzt alco nocluialr nlloc " hiebe
Ih.r
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KXCCUTIVK OFFICIS
an WKST 44TH STREIT
NKW YORK
iTCDERICK TORBERG
1245 i:orth Lohony Drive
Holljrwvoed, Celif^
TILCPHONI ■XCHANOI
HOLLY 1 a 9 1
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PicTURES. Inc.
West Coast Studios burbank. california
26.rezeii]ber 194o«
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Lieber Herr uchv/erzsclaild,
r
das vrvT besonders lieb von Ihnen und eine besonders grosse Freude fuer mich» Ich schaene mich ein bicschen, v/eil meine Vuensche sich mit den Ihrigen nicht \renigstens gekreuzt haben, - aber ich hoffe das durch die prompte Erwiderung en- naehernd gutzirrtichen« V*ie herzlich sie ist, mucs ich Ihnen nicht erst sogen«
'^ Von ^-erzen freue ich nich auch ueber Ihre lapidare I'itt eilung, d^ss es der saeuischen nmigraticn nicht ::eglueclrt ist, Sie unzuhringon« An der Tatsache selbst habe ich ja nie gezvreifeltj ich vrar nur ein wenig besorgt, ob und wann Sie sich ihrer vergerdssem v/ucrden« ./enn oc wirklich erst jetzt der Jall v;ar, daj:in hat es mir Gtv/as zu lange gedauert •••ab er es duerf'^c sich ja wohl nicht so abgespielt haban, dass die ütteilung sofort nach beendetem Vollzug der Vergevdsserung er- gangen ist« Und jetzt noechte ich gerne ^rissen, ob Ihre Selbst-Chara^-^.teristik als "i^uch-Cchreiber" dahin zu verstehen ist, dass Sie einen fetten Vertrag init einem araeidkanischen Verleger haben, und ciass dies der einzige Grund ißt, ws.rum Sie Ihre Zeitschriften-Plaene vorlaoufig beiseite gelegt haben^ Icli meinerseits bin naernlich nach wie vor fest dera'oif, daes Sie eine ^Zeitschrift mchen sollen, und bin uoberzeugt, dass Sie sie auch machen werden« - I^as Y.^ere das«
Sind Gie nit öchlanm in l'.ontaktt Lemi hnt er Ihnen vielleicht adion ©rzaehlt, v/ie Hoechst unerquicklich die Eindruecle, die ich bic jetrt hier ge^wnnen habe, schon an der Cberflaeche sind (und tiefer rü spueren'geluestet's mich nicht). Zb ^ ist ein einziger grosser Deckungskontakt, mn hat zirar laiclrt das Gefuehl, ds.sc die Pursclien geradezu lacht haben, aber ihre ' enotranz reicht doch weit genug, um proniJtierto 'egnorschaft nicht aufkoi^nen zu lassen« Die einzige (und freilich vruchtige) :.!anife Station dieses Tatbest'uids, die icli JBiai erlebt habe, T;ar das Dinner des Coranittee for V.Titers in "xile, bd dem - und das war bei mindestens zehn T.eden und einer Aound-Table-Discuosion gsr nicht so leicht - nicht bloss kein Wort uober llussland fiel, sondern auch die ""orte "Dilrtatur" und "Ilationalsozialis- Eius" sorgi'aeltig ungangen vrurden; man sproch ausschliesslich von "Faschisröus", Femer vnirden in die ::infuehru2ig der em 'lirf^irtisch ausgestellten Frominonten - ich verwende diesen Ausdruck, ob-vchl rieh ich an diesem Tische saos - zv/ei oder drex Herren eus dan Publikum eingeschmuggelt, ueber deren Anwesenheit nian sich besonders zu freuen haette, v/eil sie so bedeutende antifaschistisch© Journalisten waeren. "eine nicht ganz fleckenlose Vergangenheit setzte mich in die Lage, zv/ei von xhnen zu kennen und geradezu aus :-rfalirung zu vdssen, dass es sich bei ihnen un simple Funktionaere haaideltj der dritte ist vielleiclrt '.v5.rklich ein Antifaschist - bedeutend oder ein Joumcu ist i^ auch er nicht, - Im uebrigen haetten 3ie an r:ies0ra Dinner und vor allem an der /irt, vria sich die deutsche Feistigkeit daselbst praeseutierte, Ihre gallige Freud© gehabt« V.'cbei wir aber den Franzosen nicht uiarecht tun v/ollen - denn vrahrlich, auch die Cainte Genevifev© kann ihre btuockeln und log sich coram publice eins nach dar andern herunter, scbarlos wie ©h und je aus absolut sicherer ■Quelle direkt aus Paris um direkt aus Vichy und direkt^ aus .Ugier, und der Cliaxr- nU. der sie einfuehrte, bezeichnete sie als die von Hitler meistgehasste unc meist- refuerchtete I ersoenlichkeit, ^^veil sie, nach Hit 1 er b eigenen 'werten, "scnon gestern
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TOQste, was ich heute sagen v/efde'\ Sie erinnern sich dieser V/orte, die tatsaechlich Hitlers eigene waren ; naetnlich machte er sich damit uebor "die alte Ilaffeetanto'* lustig, und leider mit Recht# Und das also ^vurde den versoniiielton riimciergroessen in Ernst aufgetischt. Und dann sprach sie also. Und dann lallte, woertlich aus dem Undeutßchen ins Unenglische uebersetzt, der ermo Heinrich ::ann (indessen sein fuelli- ges Fischerweib, un so recht^okunentieron vrie nicht es sie interessiert, ihren Tisch- herm laut gackernd in ein Gespraech zu ven-ackeln trachtete; der Tischherr wvt ich)# Und das aller. verMasste gegen den Emil Ludwig, der ja schon vorher die tollsten I\aprioladen auf gefuO' rt hatte, mit v/ehenden Fracirschoessen durch den Saal schoss ura inmer nsal wieder vom LlitzlicP.t zu naschen, rj^^^-iiglos und zufaellig zu üorma 3hearer oder Paulette "oddard niedergebeugt, es v/ar ein schaurig schoener /^nblick. und dann erst seine Redei Zie g*ipfelte in einer hunorigen ^Inspielung dara.uf , dass ee zrmr kein Restaurr^nt r-amens 'Tapoleon III gebe, aber gleici'i draussen nebenpjn. eines nach den von ihm verf.riebenen Victor Mugo hiesse* Und so YnxeäjoboL es auch in einigen Jalir« zehnten gevdcß kein I.estaurant Adolf Hitler geben, aber der eine vuerde dexi andern frogen "3hall we have dir.ner to€ay at Heinrieh l'snn ?** und der pjidre v.xidde« ant- worten: ''■'11 right, but firrt we'll havc a ccckt^il at the TabouisT', und 3ü bleibt den hilflosen Zeitgenossen nur die iicffnung auf eine naJiegelegene "^eduorfnisanstalt, damit npji sich zvdschendurch auch auf C.en rih?iil Ludwig ausscPieicsen k^na, und soviel also zur deutschon Literatur im Exil.
\laB den 7roi±exi Leonliard betrifit, so werde ich il'ui schwerlich mi r^ein indig- niertes und uiierfuelltes Versprechen erinnern koennon, weil ich - vre.B I'rs'U Cemdiiin mir gaenzlicli oline astrologischen Befund vorausgesagt Iiat • weil ich iriit ilim beese bin. Hr woljte zu den vielen Vorf;eilen, die er '^.un seiner bnkerjTfcnis: der er^glischen 3prt?,che zog luid z-l*^:^:,- cx:'iii nciC^ r.'.nh i? - '^^\'-oh<xcr^ ^^ci-^iaerdien^r und juot ^ngaen^c^r Iiabca, und das gin^ loid3r nicht. 'Tchon c?.ur der ueiso hioher b3gannen die ünzukoeruixi- liclikeiten,^ als ich ^t 15. vr*^' orten bohren w^gen einer besseren ^e-^.tstatt fuor i:*^ unterhondel-ta und er, blauaeugig in ein Tln.^^at voi-ti^ft, r'a^ohoudurch i>iaioge zu ber.v^kFtAi^en ^-.iisöte vde etv/a diesen % *TJa3 hoisst still?** - Icli t "7;iiiot'\ - ^rs ••Mein, auf englisch.*' - Ich i "Ja, auf engli-^ch. ^uiet, c^u." und waehran^; der IJe.c^or ungeduldig entlief, stell-'-.e ^^xch Jiör.^.us, do.sü --^s sich um ''still' Im .Jinne von "noch" handelte, ebnnso wde er v.'isüon v/oUte, vr.B ^mnie hoisst, ^xnd "rjiy** :aeinte (neben^^ei i probiere^ Sie jem^iiden der nicht enrrli^ch kann "any" zu uobersetz-^a...) - und das w.lvn f^viin also unmoogliche Jüi-no-^sioneu an, man Iiatte im Hotel, im studio und -allerorten den rvingenden 2indnick, d-r-irs ununterbrochen j^ et^vas woll"^ e, indes een doch 9o,u aller von mir vorgebrachten begehren im Auftrag und zum Guten Leoniiord Franks erfoljten. ..aber ^Is ich eines ::orgens versc'ilafen halte und aufgeregt in sein Zimmer stuerzte, ob er mir rJLcht schon verhungert waere, der .ormo, weil ich ilin doch imxosr d?s l'reuhstu^ck bestellen müss - da hatte er bereits gefruehstueciwt. Tele- fonisch bestellt* 'it allen Finessen, die Amerika dem verwoelinten uaumsn bietet* 3r kann dJ.so gp^nz gut. Und wenn er Tan^i auf Ilire Mahnung um den Mantel etv;a antworten sollte, dass er nicht weiss vae ma.i ein Taket aufgibt, so duerfen Sie ilin getrost einen Cb-&rlatan u .d V/indbeutel heissen* ::r weiss es, er -;eiGü alles, und besonders gut weiss er sich ein bc'iuemes Lebon einzurichten* - Aber, wie gesagt i oline :iiich*
Vom meinigen Leben ist niclit viel zu melden, ^s ist, vio Hitler sar^n wuerde,
ein arbeitsa:aes. Ich bin, anfangs mit einem amerikanischen I.litarbeiter und Jetzt
schon ganz allein, mit der Abfasbun-- eines FiL-r? betraut, der "Bombshelt^r" heisst,
und das war auch schon alles, was ^^nn mir auf den V.eg mitgab. Las Licliten selbst waer
ja gar nicht so schwer. Aber bevor ".ch dm Producer z.3*^srede, dass der Maziflieger,
der das res-oektive Haus bombardiert ha.t, sich nicht dii^ekt mittels FallscJurm in den
res^^ektiven Lombshelter hinunterlassen kann, trergehen Tage. - ^J/odurch sich auch ars
thor duerftige geistige ilisvau dieses ^riefs erklaert, und was Sie frdl. Beruock-
s^'chtigen wollen* :!enn Sie mir aber vdeder einmal schreiben, und ich hoffe ß-hr dass
Sie das tun, dann verkehren Sie mit mii^ bitte trotzdem ^:no niit einem ehemaligen,wenn
auch- nur gelegentlichen litarbeiter des Tagesbuchs* - und nun nodi;aa-ls Ilmon beiden
„vii-l die hg:^zliohsten -j.nosse alles Cchoene im I.'euen Jeiir, und aie
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Old Greenwich, Conn.
Tel. Old Greenwich 7-1888
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TELEPHONE!
WAdsworth 7-7531
The
Way
AN AMERICAN PERIODICAL
PRINTED IN THE GERMAN AND
ENGLiSH LANGUAGES
and
N. J. Q.
870 RIVERSIDE DRIVE NEW YORK CITY
11. März 1941
Herrn
Dr. Leopold Schwarzschild
Colonial Hotel
Colurnbus Ave. and 81üt Street
New York City
Sehr ^.^eehrter Herr Doiitor :
Die Zeit, da wir uns gesehen haben, liegt wffiit zurlick. Sie damals
noch am G. A. , ich an der F. Z,
Ihre hiesige Adresse bekam ich durch Vermittlung des uerrn
Ulimann ( friher Adler & Opp^nheimur ), und kär^^licu v/arde sie
mir noch einmal von Herrn Dr. Oschiiisky überbracht. Diesmal mit
der Anmerkung, Sie wären bereit, fix uns zu sc;hreiben.
Dass ich etwas zurückhielt und nicht sofort an Sie herantrat,
hat seinen Grund darin, dass ich weiss, Sie sind z. Z. mit einem
Buch beschäftigt, und da wollte ich nicht stören. Immerhin, nach
em
was mir Herr Dr. Jschinsk^ sagt, sei die Störung nicht zu
gross, zumal Sie im Bilde seien und aucu bereits etwas für uns parat hätten.
Also meine Bitte: \'Jenn dem so ist, so würden wir uns freuen, einen Beitrag oder mehrere von Ihnen zu erhalten. Unser i51att haben Sie sicher schon von Herrn Jschinsky gezeigt bv^^kommen; die jüngste Ausgabe geht mit gleicher Post an Sie ab. .:.s erscheint jeweils am ersten und uritten Dienstag des T^onats mit dem Vor- datum auf den nächsten Freitag, und es hat sich erfreulicherweise schon ganz gut eingeführt.
Es braucht nicht besonderer Hrwähnung, dass wir auch gern, wenn sich Gelegenheit dazu bieten sollte, Ihnen gefäll±g sind. Wir würden uns freuen von Ihnen zu hören und bc^^rüssen Sie
hochachtungsvoll
rederick Editor
acnman
1/na
/
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12. Mner7 1941
L!r# Freöorick II, Ilachnnn
Tlic \iaj and ri.J.G.
870 Hlverslde Drivo
ITov/ York City,
/
Sehr ceehrtor Herr Nnohnon^
Hpnton r^k Aior Iliren Brief* Loirer bin ich in so .grosser /eitbeclraengnis, änss ioh eile Piiclerrn Din^e hrbe beiseite Inosen rnues- sen^ und so nusc ich auch iUo bitten^ mich • 7U entGohuLdicen»
Mit besten Cru^s bin ich
eri^Gbenßt Ilir
Hotel Continental
Coliimbus Avenue at Hl Stroet
New York City^
IP.
Maerz 1941
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Dr./rn Id .oinbercer 176 Uplnnd Rocii Co!^]bri(lgo ,:!ns£.
Lieber Dr*v;oinbor-^;er:
Ich rlnnke Ihnen Tuor Ihro Hosnier;sunR^unri froue mich sohr^ v/irklich rohr^r-rcr. r-te ninc Arbeit hnben, cUe Ihnen ließe' muss,und dnst Sie rufrierlei i^lncUIoh kann seit o^'nii^cn ^"n^on t^nrnelbo von riir,imö Infol godennen oucl; von noiner i*'rnu,rnc^n.Ich hnbn,ein • cihnr>ohtr>ej;oschenk, mein crntec ]^\io\: In ilrierikn rbgeschlo.ßr.en, und '/\vrnr nit einen r^r borten Verlecer^ und f^ehe ^it jrr(iude -.n die Arbeit.
Aron ±r>z auch in Nov York nneeko^^len.^crn^;tcin,: er sich in Algier bofint ct,hrt 7v/nr ebt^nfnlln ein n-ie."ikrnincher» Yinun^nbt-r die Verbindurif;en ninci r>chlncht,en scheint nur vin :inrokko und J'ortucr^ zu mr'Ghen,\ind bisher haben ihn c±r Portu(;ier,on d-'s ^'rnncit-Vir^ur;] vorv^i^^-rt.Von i''rneuloin .^.i:non • seit einen Jrhr Krnu leynador- h'-be ich ^^erado heute 7.U.T1 ers-ten . el vrsre ^f vs celioert^ Gin soll f ich^vie ein i riev/vork anscetri- t^er Onkel nir schreil't, ''in crosser Tot in r^uedrr^akreloh borinden.'^Dcr r-^nn^^^er ir noch i:p.ohevev> erz^elilon \ird, verrucht, Gie heruober7.ubr:ncen.Von Grcupe beeren vir r>pit einigen 'cchen nichts ^ehr.Nccride-i er
f^icl ^Aon^ tel/^-.nf ver^ehVlch teilf u Vi^.en^ teilr, un 'Kelfernoo-;liohkoitcn bemuehto,soll er rieh zur y>eit - aber das ist n1 o>it ^un7^
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f;ev;ir c^- nuf der Uebert'cihrt nach Cubn befind on.Uobor lair^. on'or lang v/ircl mnn v/issen^ob dpr v/nhr ist und \;io es L:ölinbt* Da hnbon de nlso (Ho NeuioK^eltrm, '..'enn nie einirirl :.oit. unc! Lust hnben, schreiben Sie v;iedor evnnnl ein panr Zei- len rr\ Ihren
hor7lioh* gruesr.onclen
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IlBchtraegllch danke ich Ihnen noohnnln fiier die 8:'7!npnthische Aufno' no^flie (Ins Projcl^rb der Uexigruendung des TRge-Huoh bei Ihnon fnndpUnd fuer die iUsi- cherun.: Ihrer Untorstuetzun/^.Joh uoberreiohe Ihnen hlor dns ETpos*,das unb<-r das Projekt verfpBst v/ord^^n ist,r>ie werden es vielleicht dem Iierrn^ri^^n Sie interessieren wollten, zur Loktv.ere 7M gehen fuer 7AveckTnaessis halten •
Komner v/ar nett,v;ic in alten /.eiten, aber er maont einen aued m und etv'as verbitterten tlindr^iok^Rr wl 1 sich in ()^-T Sache henmhoeren*
Ist es indirkret^oie noch ein^anl um benon^iere Diskretion zu bitton? ^Spnehor schleichen ums Haus*^»
V,
V»'onn i"g -nd eine Ver- R^redunc mit Ihrem Herrn oder Ihren Herren zu pTPfneicren fein sollte, bin ich fast irmcT telephonisch hier irr- Hotel zu erreichen Und nuf nllo i^Rcfele %7erd« ich mir erlauben, Sie in einlf;en Tagen wieder anzurufen.
Kit Hancilcuss fuor Ihre
i'rRU /rruesse ich Sie
Ihr
«
nufricntiö verpfliolitetcr
LeoTioId r;chv/nr7.schild
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POR YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION:
with, the?ollowr„g '""■"'' ™"*="' '"*""' '" y"" •'• ">• h.-»-" to do \
'^V^orld in France''
erence radio
THE EDITORS
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WllOS WIIO IN AMKRICA
PUBLI5HED BY
The A.n. Marquis Company
CABLE ADDPESS MARQUIS CHICAGO
Nor IN« v,K t'URA I Efj
919 NORTH MICHIGAN AVE CHICAGO
TELE PHONE SUPERIOR 20I0
Mr« Leopold Schwarzschild oare L. B. Fischer Pub.Corp» 381 i?'ourth Av*, New York, N. Y.
Dear Mr« Sohwarzschild:
P ebruary 23, 1942
This lotter oomes to you because reference llbrary users are seeking information about you - as a result we are both carding your name permanently in our blographical file and scheduling it for listing in our MONTHLY SUPPLEMENT, the Current Biographical Referonce Service , which now Supplements WHO'S WHO. The purpose of this Supplement is to supply the reference nows centers of the country with current bio- graphical coverage between the biennial issues of WHO'S WHO IN AUERICA. It is restricted to the reference users of WHO'S WHO - libraries, news- papers, schools, news and radio Services, and individual users • Large library reference centers report to us the names being inquired about most frequently , and from these roports,from newspapers and other cur- rent news sources, our editors make their selections.
Will you therefore be good enough to f ill in the enclosure and return it as promptly as possible. Please fill in both sides, as it will become part of our file from which the next issue of WHO'S WHO IN AMBRICA will be selected. If there is additional information not cov- ered by this enclosure, which you feel to be pertinent, by all means send it also.
Your Cooperation will assist in providing accurate information in response to the exceptionally keen, current interest of Americans - young and old, in all walks of life - in detailod information about who's who in the news - an interest which seems not only legitimate, but encouraging for American ways.
Yours very truly,
/
i^(< C^^i''^*^/>i^J
^/
Wheeler Sa^nmons, Jr.
Editor in Charge - The Monthly Supplement
P.S. — Because of the current naturo of the Supplement, as prompt as possible a response will be helpful. Of course if any undue delay should intervene, v/e shall of necessity have to proceed with data in our files or obtainable indirectly, which will eliminate the mutual advantage of first-hand material checked by you, however.
ESTABLISHED 1898 BY ALBERT NELSON MARQUIS
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OECISION
EDITOR: KLAUS MANN
a A/eAßiye44> i^ fjtee c^vMitAe
141 Ecwt 29th Street, New York
LExington 2-3555
Board of Editorial Advisors
Sherwood Anderton Wyttan Auden Edward BenM Stephen Vincent Ben6t G. A. Borgese Ernest Boyd Julian Green Horoce Gregory Frank Klngdon Freda Kirchwey Thomas Mann Somerset Maugham Robert Nathan Vincent Sheean Robert E. Sherwood Stefan Zweig
etw«s -ar^jerlich erstaunte, wurde plötzlich be- flchlossen,niess - der sich in aieser -firizen Sache senr loysl bej^en mich benoiwaen het - sei em L'iKner und intrigant.
]>.<? all^s >.7ßr ja nicht besonders nett, ich er- wähne es keinesweMS,well ich vorhPbe,den Streit- fall eis solchen nochmals "aufzurollen'; sondern einfach, um Ihnen zu erkl-gren, .-/arum ich, auch jetzt noch.nicht zu den respektvoll-freundschaftlicnen liefühlen zurückfinden kann, die ich früher für ole aufrichtig empfinden konnte.
Das wird Ihnen nicht weiter -.vehe tun, und auch mir ist schon Schlimmeres zugestosaen. Immerhin ist es ja <>in Fortschritt, dpss 'vir uns nun vvieder ^.J^üssen können, wenn wir im Kew :£orK9r iiafen,oaer sonst'vo.
Ich erwidre Ihre .."insche zum neuen Jslir - schon aus E.oismus. Denn entv/eder wir werden alle vor die Honde gehen, oder es sind uns allen noch die interessantesten Jenu.^^tuuni^en bestiirunt. Üb wir uns zenken oder versöhnen - wir sitzen in einem Boot. Schon eu3 diesem Grunde ist mir dns j£nde des Zankes willkommen - wenngleich ich mir aie Versöhnung noch etwas röhrenaer i-nd , rossarti-^er hy.tte vorstellen können.
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DECISION
Board of Editorkil Advitort
Shtrwood Anderton Wyttan Audon Edward BenM Stephen Vincent Ben4t G. A. Borgese Ernett Boyd Julian Green Horace Gregory Franic Kingdon Freda KIrcliwey Thomat fVlann Somertet Maugham Robert Nathan Vincent Sheean Robert E. Sherwood Stefan Zweig
EDITOR: KLAUS MANN
aA4Ayitf4)^ eyf fy^ee (yiA/th/Ae
141 Eott 29th Street, New York
LExington 2-3555
den 2. I. 1941 Lieber Leopold Scnwarzschild,
üs ist i^ut,döss Sie mir das endlich .'escru-ieben haben. Die Affare fin^ je in der Tat schon en, absurd zu werden.
Ich wusste natürlich immer, das s Sie immer wussten, da SS ich niemals ein A^ent ^„ewesen bin. .Teracie deshalb ist mir noch immer nicht ^anz verstänulich, warum Sie es öffentlich behauptet - and dr^.nn meine ausf 'ihr liehe und präzise ue^en-iirKrärunu einfach ignoriert haben. Keine Erregung, in der te Sie sich damals befunaen haben mögen, macht mir das Vorkoirjra= nis psycho loe,isch so recht plausibel. Noch venie.er kann ich begreifen, warum Sie Ihren Irrt)im vom herbst 1959 nicht v/enit':stens im iierbst 194o zurückt^enommen haben, als Sie - teilweise dank einer iktion meines Vaters (an deren ZustanGekornrnen ich übrigens nicht unbeteiligt war) - in aieses Land gekommen sind, ftelei-enheiten zu einer solchen Korrektur hat es ja mehrfach gegeben - auch schon vor Ihrer Korrespondenz mit ürika. Sie haben aber iViss Kii-cinwey geschrieben, dass Sie niemals behauptet hätten, ich sei ein Sowjet-A^ent: die ominöse Formulierun^^^, sei vielmeiir in^ heuen Tage-Buch nur als ein " Zitat" aus einer "New Yorker ^eit^Jnc5" vor^J,eKommen. - Die "New Yorker Zeitun^^", auf die Sie da anspielten, kann wohl nur aie Volks= zeitunß sein. Kan ma^^ es z^7ar stimmen, das s Ihnen die kuriose Inform:.-. tion, ich sei unter die Agenten ^e= gangen, von Herrn Epstein selber Kpm. Aber der hat es doch nicht L::ewagt, diese p'rechheit hier zu publi= zieren, wo er dem Zugriff Amerikanischer Gerichte % erreichbar gewesen wäre.
Und dem Curt Riess haben Sie dann, wiederum schrift= lieh ^mitgeteilt, Sie glaubten auch heute noch an meine Vergangenheit als Agent. Als ich miich aarüber
I
0ECI8III[)N
EDITOR: KLAUS MANN
aieWW €^ fi^tou/ttUe
Board of Editorlal Advisort
Sherwood Anderson Wystan Auden Edward Benes Stephen Vincent Ben6t G. A. Borgese Ernest Boyd Julian Green Horace Gregory Frank Kingdon Freda Kirchwey Thomas Mann Somerset Maugham Robert Nathan Vincent Sheean Robert E. Sherwood Stefan Zweig
This is NOT sea- sonal advertising material.
Dear Reader:
Onoe in the course of a genera- tion — perhaps only once in the duration of a Century — an under- taking of such great proportions as DECISION comes into existance.
We feel that by sending you this letter, it is eure to reach the hands of one who can, at least, under stand this far-reaching import of our pro- gram.
Briefly here is the story:
A new monthly periodical, entitled DECISION, will ap- pear with its January issue. The publication is edited by Klaus Mann, oldest son of Thomas Mann, and represents a firm and unified stand many of the world's most re- nowned writers and thinkers are taking in the face of the forces operative today and militating against in- dependent creative work and intellectual liberty,
DECISION magazine will be a new type of oultural review in a distinctively modern tempo — an inspired response to the vital need of our challenging and critical day. It is not subservient to any political group nor limited by any particular ideology.
Its Board of Edltorial Advisors you will find
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listed on the letterhead. Heed wo comment further? If so, the enclosed descriptivo leaflot will suffice.
■ What could tetter meet the need of our pre- seiit day and age — now at procisely this moment of vital decision; and preciaely here — whore the Creative spirit can still carry on its play and work unhan-pered — last bulwark of liherty, focuB of our hopes in tho face of the decisive strusglo we are witneasing of the cpiritual dectiny of the planet.
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Tho alternatives we are faced with today really are — tho aimless dissolution of the old Order, or its voluntary transformation into more reasona"ble arxd inspired forma of social lifo.
There will ho no *'new order'* except the one we are ablo to conoeive and create.
Ours is the task; ours the responsibility; ours is the decision.
And vours, too, who read this letter!
First of all we ask you, of course, to suh- scrihe to DECISION yourself. The established rate is $4.00 for the year's 12 issues. But if we have your Order before January 24, 1941 (this is a dead- line) you may take advantage of the special Founder Subscription rate, which is $3.00 for the year (where- by you save §1.00) ~ and we shall list your name as a Founder Bubsoriber.
Until January 24 th you may enter subscrip- tions for other people, also, at the same $3.00 rate. We shall icail artistic seasonal greeting Cards hand-signed with your name, to those to whom you give DECISIOH as a gift.
Send US five subscriptions (each at the $3,00
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rate) and we shall supply you v/ith a sixth free of char^?9 V So, fill in the enclosed card and mail it back in the reply envelope right away.* We pay the DOstage,
George E. Seufert Managing Editor
* Speed is important in this matter hecause it is quite prohahle, as is often the case with new ven- tures of this kind, that we shall receive raore Orders tlian we can supply with the first issue.
If for some reason you cannof personally subscribe fo DECISION, fhen help us in other ways you can. Glve us suggestions for the maga- zine which may occur fo you. Give if some verbal publicify annong your friends and do us fhe favor of handing fhe subscripfion cards fa ofhers who you know will see in DECISION somefhing of far greafer value fo fhennselves fhan fhe subscripfion prlce.
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Please do not deduce from anything we have said about Decision that it will be ad- dressed to a minority group of intellectuals only. Far from that. Decision will be a very human work — ad- dressed to all of human kind. it will be a great joy to all who have realized in their lives a degree of culture — a really remarkable means of self-improvement for oth- ers who experience o move- ment in that direction.
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SOME OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS TO APPEAR IN EARLY ISSUES
Somerset Maugham, English Sfyle (Essay)
Thomas Mann. The World Civil War
Louis MacNeice, Coming Home (A London Diary)
Clarence Streit and Alfred M. Bingham, Union Now, and Pan-Europe (Two arficies)
Jim Tully, The King of Laughfer (A Portrait of Charlie Chaplin)
Maurice Samuel, The Destruction of Intelligence
Pierre Lozareff, General de Gaulle (A Portrait)
Andre Gide, Diary. 1940
Ernest Boyd, Andre Gide (Articie)
Horace Gregory, William Faulkner (Articie)
Prof. Laszio Gabor, New Trends in Architecture
Alvarez Del Vayo, The South American Dilemma
Klaus Mann, The Present Greatness of Walt Whitman
Dr. Martin Gumpert, Outsiders of Science
Vladimir Nabokov, Literature under Stalin
Wilder Hobson, Jazz
Max Brod, Letter from Palestine
OTHER SUBJECTS TO BE COVERED: Survey of Plans for the Post-War World; Whither American Youth? W.P.A. Literature; Directory of Famous Refugees; The Anti-Fascist Underground; Education in Italy; H. G. Well's Vision; A Survey of Anti-Nazi Movies; etc.
NEW SHORT STORIES, by Eleanor Clark, Noel Coward, Bruno Frank, James Laughlin, Carson McCullers, Robert Nathan, Katherine Ann Porter, Frederic Prokosch, Glenway Wescott.
NEW POEMS, by Wystan Auden, Ivan Goll, Eugene Jolas, John T. Latouche, Horace Gregory, Archibald MacLeish, Seiden Rodman, Muriel Rukeyser, Franz Werfel, William Carlos Williams, Dylan Thomas.
CRITICISM, by Max Ascoli, Wystan Auden, R. P. Blackmur, G. A. Borgese, Ernest Boyd, Herman Broch, Eunice Clark, Julian Green, Christopher Isherwood, Henry Miller, Robert de Saint-Jean, Delmore Schwartz, Edmund Wilson.
SYMPOSIUMS ON SUCH SUBJECTS AS: Freedom of the Press, Mission and Function of the Film (with contributions from the most outstandIng movie directors, actors and screen writers), The Negro Problem, Siegmund Freud's Influence on the Modern Novel, and Books I Have Wanted to Write (telling about literary projects which authors cherished but never carried out).
REGULÄR COLUMNS ON BOOK. ART. THEATRE, FILM, DANCE. AND MUSIC. i ^
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CONTENTS OF THE FIRST ISSUE
Issues at Stake. (Editorial Policy)
Stephen Vincent Benet, America. 1941
Sherwood Anderson, A Short Sfory
Bruno Walter, Of War and Music
Aldous Huxley, Dust
Poems, by Muriel Ruiceyser. Delmore Schwartz. etc.
Horace Gregory, Tendencies and Achievemen+s of Anneri-
can Poefry Henri Bernstein, Reflections on a Lady in Blue (With +he
reproducfion of a picfure by Manet in Mr. Bernstein's
possession.) Janet Flanner. Paradise Lost (Paris Souvenirs) Jean Cocteau, The Ruins of Paris (lllustrafed by W. Thony) Stefan Zweig, Letter from South America
THE MONTH: Books —
Three ConfeSSionS (Theodore Dreiser. Anne Morrow ündbergh. and Eleanor Roosevelt) — reviewed by Klaus Mann. Hemingway'S neW nOVel — reviewed by Christopher
Isherwood.
The Pilgrim Hawk, by Glenway Wescott — reviewed by
Ernest Boyd.
Broadway — By Thomas Quinn Curtlss.
Music — By Leonard Amsfer.
Art — By Jerome Klein.
Founder Subscriptions at the special rate of $3.00 will be accepted until January 24, 1941.
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DECISION. Inc.
,4,.«,2«HSW . H«.^.«:',^»»
DECISION. Inc. • iti »^ j .,
'-' sub.criplion rate of $3.00 cHct. ^^^ .„bscriptions.
of ihese people. Therefore, I am to receive a
n 1 am emering a lolai i
sixlh free of charge.
1 eiiclose *
IS'nni*'
□ Bill me laier.*
,.f.. hut .. .hall h. ..ad to .dd an r.U. U^nr »o ,our
rrguUr »ub^rriplion if
A
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PMUge WiUbtPaid
by Addressee
BUSINESS REPLY ENVELOPE
nr.t Cl8»i. l'ermit Na 88898 Stc. 610 P L. & K.. New York. N Y.
DECISION
141 East 29th Street New York, N. Y.
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KLAUS MANN (New York)
to
LEOPOLD SCHWARZ SCHILD (New York)
January 2, 1941
On the letterhead of the magazine
Decision.
About accusations that Klaus Mann was
a Soviet agent.
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Nov.ro^ 1940
Liebe Eri':n ::pnn:
Fraeulein Kreund teilt mir nit^v/ns Sie in Llrsnbon uober riloh ßnelen.J>le so(^ten^icli hcnei.to nnoh meiner Ankunft in New York uober Ihrnn Bruder Klaus horurri(^erodet und ihn »:inc.n Stalin- Aßenten genannt ♦
Df)F> wird neitden icu hier Inndote u^borall nus^^^espren t.Ioh hrbe on bicbor nur rin oinzigor. lanl^u d sofort priclitic c^'^^>tellt.Kr ger>ohnh go^en- uebor Bruno i^Ynnk.Ich hhbe Cle iranor sehr gescbaetzt^und hnbo seit 1uonc-tor Zeit doppelten ;nlG8B dnzu.rie sind darun der Zweite pden ioh erklnere,d.;ss diese riaoli- rieht, '.ver immer rie Ihnen guten oder cchlecr.ten Glnubonc ueierbbracut haben mac, erlogen ist*
Von v;eia e^,olot;en worden ist und in v/äloher . bsioiit, erden ::ie verrtehen,v;enn lue die boilie(,;rndo Kopie einitjc^r holten aus ( en hriof lecen,(ion Ic;» an 4»0ktobor- berehtcn . ie das Datun- an Bruno /ren>: so rieh,
enn nocii oitores QUfzulcl eren soin sollto^v/ird er dur*oh die Abr-^hrirt eines Briofes e^esc'uehen.
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2.
den ich an 0. Oktober an Iterrn Gurt Hiess richtete»
Ich bitte Sie zu ßlMubcn^dass ich mir mir rnit rliesen '/.o.ilen Oov;nlt antue • ::eine Neigunc solchen iipiooOen gojenuobor^von denen denen ich nicht die erste orlebo^ii t: Car nit ignorioren#Aber nnoli de.i btun< en in Portu,:nl unfl ollen, v/rs vornngino;, sind wSio fuer mich ein zweit er Ausnahmo- fnll.Ich raocohte dns ncine tun^uiu Sie cur v;rhl inr>t ■ ndzuL etzen^v/r^lchon dor beteiligt n Ch- rnktorc Hie mehr ^1^"^^^)^^
v/ollon»
Seien oi(: bontons gcf-^rucsct
von Ihrem
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Dec.iO, 1940
Li' he Srika,
Sie fragen mlohgOb er v/nhr nei^daßs "öuf Gr rirnd neiner Denunzir^tionen Leute in die Pariser La^er Geworfen und^eventiially^d n Ilozis eu: geliefert worden sind*'* loh vmndere mior. ueber nichts ^was gO(^en mich in Ualauf g« setzt wird wird «Ich wundere nich^d<'iss Sic es fuer donk-
brr halten.
Thii anmver is in tho negative^und
zwar ßloich aus zwei Cruenden.
r^ntens: mit Denunzlntionen liatte unrl habo ich inner nur alß Objekt zu tun^iliclt nur habe ich niemand on im Zusa menhan^i mit der Schv'einerei c^er Kriegs-'TnternierunGen denunziert »'"ondern so lange ich in i»'rankrfiich lebte habe ich niemals bei irgend einer fran^oeßischen Behoerde als Auskunft sperson
ueber Irc^ndv/en funsiert.Von evv>t n bis zum letzten T'g habe ich keiner franzooßischen Behoerdo und keiner franzoesisohen /vratsperson JerucO-S meine politl^>ohe Meinung ueber Irgend einen 'imie^ranten rauendllch orier sciiriftlioh bekannt ßeceben.Ich bin naemlioh ein Schrift- steller.Hooher habe ioh nie hinaus v/ollenj nicht einmnl cie .:olle oines i^olizei-l onf i< enten hat mich gelockt»
Zweitens nbor^und zun Tleberfluss^ ist uebcrhaupt kein deutscher >!änigrant auf Grund irccnd^/oloher Denunziation in ein
franzooßisches Lr^cer gekonnen^Saemt liehe
y^y
"ressortiasants ellemands^'^en ,3roß^ohne Unter- achied^vmde durch ^^auei'-Anschlag am zweiten oder dritten i:ri c^-Tag befohlener, ich in ein Saramellaßer zu beßeben.Mnn kan nicht durch die negative Anormalitaet von Denunziationen ins
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L8Ger:sondorn dns Ln{;cr vmr die rißorose norm, und nur durch die positive Anomalltaet san7. beronc^erer Srapfehlun^sen kan laan in Oiueokofnell len vflecoT auo dem Lager herrus« Ibonßo v/urcien bei er 7:v/eiton Aktion in Mni 1940 verfahren* Alle Mcenner und Frnuen^on c^^os^ohne Untorsoliied vnirdon r'urch Mnuer-Anschlng ins Lag^^r zitiert, und diesTTinl gab f?s sogrr keine Entlaasuagen mehr.Dnsf: ich irgend otv;as mit irgendwelcher fr-^mzoecisc' nr Internierung r.u tun gehabt haette^kann daher nur dort orraehlt v/erdon, wo man - ganz abgooehon von mir - die fran- zocrischen Vo'r*gaen{^e nicht kennt*
So viel zu dieser separnten Oenc)iiohte« War. Ihren ]->ru('cr ?'lous nnbelangt^muss ich einer, voraus cVilcken»Die Sache an üich mag strhen v/ie sie will, den Begriff ''Denunziation" hineinzunengcn Ist jeden falls unnoeglioh«L'ie
/
4.
s^gen^noine r.oitf ohrift hactte "einen Mensoben^ der auf G-uncl eincG Vlsitor-Vlsuns diu Gn::t- frenndschaft /anei-ikas genierßt^eben dort g in Lende des Dies-Conraittoe^dommzi«irt*"V/enn ueterhrupt iri /^merika demmziert v/ordon ist^ so ist vUin niciit von nir in Parls^ßondorn von der Neuen Volkszeitunü in New York getan wordenes? ist ein Faktum^dass in Paris nur eine New Yorker Veroeffentlichung v/idergeßcben und prirnphrac^lert wurde^.ie haotte von der seloindperen Pariser Veroeffentllchung eine v;ir>cun£: In /jnerika aucc^loest v/orden koenncn^ dit' nicht seh n von der priiruirren Nev/ Yorker Veroef Tcntlichung ausgeloeßt boin musste?
Iiu Uebrlt^en^t^lnube ich^{iibt es 7\/ischen uns gcr keine wirkliohe Plfferenz ueber den Fall Klau^ Wann. Ich sehe ein^d-iss v/ir in Buropa das ,.ort c'owjot-Afjent oder Ilazi-Acent
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in einen unpr-" oclrnren rinn rüzuwrnden pflec-* t'^n nlr> rann en in /jaeriko tiit.Vielleicbt gerac^e \.'eil es ein ließ-Coionittee gibt, scheint das V.'ort /i^ent hier unentrinnbar die zv/ei
Merkianle effe'.tiveG DlejustvcrhnelfcniG und Desolduiu:' zu epth^'^lton.V'ir haben in Kurop?? v/nehrenr' «'er letzton J^hre den Begriff in eine-, viel eniger teolmiseiien Sinne vervv^mdt» Wenn wir be: tircite Politiker lüi ler-ZvConten nanntongGO raeinten wir fnst nie^d«non sie angestellt oder besolde': seien, sonrlem fnst inurier nur^dass sie aus nesinriUngÄ-Jdentit:. et öt.^eniUe In (Ter I.inio der ritler-I-olitik agierten^Lo sollte r uch ueber Mavis nicht £ecr:{jt v/erdon, drss er in einen Tcskouer Dienctvcrheeltnis strnd^sondern nur^d; c^s er in rleri (^rof.sen I^*ragen Gtubbornly die J.inie
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der Gtaün-Politlk verf' lote.Ioh 'lorike^iloss
eine oolol.e r^rklnarune die volle darialJG^
Wahrheit sovrohl ueV'er lae ne v/j.e uobev Goine
Seite eathalton v/uerdclch bin zu niew^cr or.ev
irjonn einer ro^iuivr. lernten l^rklaerung boreit.
loh v;iederh41e^v;;>s Ich ein hnlbon Dutzenr.
ich mal sBcX^' u,nd schrieb rdass Je^e TinterUnltuneSf
Ausspraohe^nereinisung mit Ihren I^niäer
beginiessen vaier'^e/Jnd Ihnen c^ßönueber fun^^^e
ich hinzu, dar,s ich in dieser aesc::ichto
uns alle, mich selbst Lioh^*r eiißesr^.Moösen,
ein bischen unzeitf^eiaaess und exn^jeT-ir^rt
f inde^
Uebri ons kr^nn ich ..anon r^n^^en,-
und Vierc'u.* vs laaea^vA^iira v/lr elaaiid^ir öorochon v/er^:on,nneaür orlaoutürn,- dciCß diese uncro EpiGO-e nicht nur z\vlr,chon uns schwebt, Gondern
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i)0c.ci,iy4o.
Licljo ErikR,
12s gnebo zu Ihrom nriol" allor- hond noch zu so -en.nesond. rs die rrenaoc- rische ürerc bl ibl -lUch in der 7A;eltcn, nbrosoliwnocliten iossung nbiolut falsch.
Abor loh stecke tief in der
Arbeit t-n elnon s3h\.eron Buch,fuer dv.s mir nur eine roletiv knappe r>ohreib-/.plt pln<-err!eTrit iFt./lso bin Ir^h beBond.;rs
empfoenglich fuer Ihr "Schlussl" und lasse alles findore bin v.u einen Aucenblick, in den wir uns-t-hoff entlich bald — oiniial
ßohon, . , ., > ^
Ich lo^e eine Copic des .Jriofes
bei, den ioli ''n Kl.-ius simde.
I!eujf!hr stellt vor d r Tuer. Ich wiiencche Ihnen und allon ein o'^^tes
Jahr 1941.
Seien Gie bort -ns ,:eerucF.r,t
von Ihren
//
7.
dnss sie auch eine Rolle in einer An7.ettel\ing spielt, die seit meiner Ankunft in -'jftierlkn von den Moi^t Ilonorablc kommunir tischen Strntecon ge^on mich betric^bcn vird^Ich denke, dnrs en Sin gnr nicht freuem wirdpunv;is3entlich in eine Ihnon ro fremde Unternehmung ver- v^obon zu sein, und 6c sa es ein Gru.id mehr ist^ d^:s KoDitPl TAI pchliesson.
JedonfnllR bin ich froh^dr.cs wir un: upberhaupt goi^enroiti^; hoor^m konnten.
und ich r,rues>fe nie bestens.
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Erikn Lfenn 118 East /.Oth Street New York ^ity, K. Y. am 6. Jnnuar,1940^
Lieber Schv/arzschild,-
ich bin v-drklich froh,dr^s5 dns vorueber ist und hoffe sehr, Sie brnld zn sehen.Ueber^norp^en^ zv/ar^ muss ich wieder heim, in meinen Pullmon und hinaus, nach Fond Du L^c, Wisconsin und Washington ^.G. Am fuenfzehnten des Ivionates denke ich aber zurueck zu sein und werde versuchsweise bei Ihnen anrufen.Ich bin nour>ierig zu hoeren,wie cozj^^ New York Ihnen zusap*t und wie es steht um alle Plaene, Chancen und Ideen,
Gruessen 3ie, bitte Ihre Frpu
von Ihrer
Z3Zt^^.
^^
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Er.ikn Ilann
118 Hast 40th Street
New York
am 7t Dezember 1940
I
Lieber ünhv/przr>o}iil<' , -
ich frrue :iioh,d^sß Öle ceschri-bon
hfiben,- no l<:"nn in'Mi v/enigntens reden.
loh h-be in Lins^'bon und zu i^^r--eulein Freund d a rol-.cn e
p.esr-pt:
"Es ist ein J<?jnmer,ein Hram und eine SCH.'u-iDE
(dieiri-schine is-v neu^,(^ie -Ite zerbotabi: und »Sch-nne' ver
't
sehentlioli ''Tofs
-'erohriebenl ) ,- eine üohande, 'IsOjiuit
Soh.In Lisr,?.bon h-tte icyi <ien Hinc^ruolc, or v;-erc in sich
p;ep,"ne;en (in .1enon einen Zur.armnenh -np-, in den ein En-Sion- Gehen vielleicht -•nr,ezci;;t i;chien),- und nun lioere ich, dass er,i<-iu.-n in liew York -ngclcoimnen, seine Redereien fortcetzt.Er v/ill er, nicht wahr h"ben,cV ss ICl-un in sei- nem Lehen kein Sow,1ct-;ip;ent (gewesen ist .Und er v.dll es jf nicht wahr h .ben,d'- ss iann sich ein ziealiches Stueck ruch-
loser Hier ertr-^ cht leistet, venn irrnn ■• Is und 7,uverlaessißer Public^ st einen flenpchen, der auf i^rund eines /isitor-Visums die Gastfreunc^sch-ft Amerikns fte- niesst,ebrn dort, im Lande des Dies-Gonmittees ,nls Sowiet-Apenten denunciert-j^läTTce 'ner ist und nie einer war:'(Die Frar;e bli-be zu proertern,ob das Demmcieren von Ko^uni^ten erlaubt ,pflichtr-emaess, oder doch uch nieder-
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1 18 Hast 4()th Street New York
f
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trnechtiG zu nen/en ist. Ich hnbe nich ont' ohlos.^en, es nie-
derl^echtif^ zu n-nnen. Ich spreche riit ke
inem raehr, meiere jede
"r-|j-ttfor:n^* v/o einer spricht ,-h--be voe.llif^ und ,ich p:l:ube,for good,'^iit den conmdes fTebrochen.Denunzieten, freilich, uerde ich keinen, (rleichviel. )
Sie hr.ben s'ch,liebor Sch'./arzsciald, wirklich und einfach P:eirrt,v7enn Sie /^ef^l-ubt h-^ben,Kl-iUs waere ein Sowjet-Agent ♦
//
Und Sie sind ein bei v/eitem zu f^^uter otilist, kennen viel zu cenuu < das <^>ev/icht von Worten, um nicht zu v/issen,dass ein Abgrund liep;t jrwischen einen "Sjr^p-^^thisierenden'K^a ehrend der Volksfront-und Sr);mien-Zeit\ und eineTn"A,rTenten''^'^ch ..usbruah des ir'-^ktes), Ihr ^in.^3;;^iff erschien j wohl Ende Oktober und b'^siert war er aus- schliesslich ^mf Kl-nisen^ Antwortbrief ^n die VolkszeituneT,d-^:rin
undy er Stalin unverst-ednliciTyf^tselh- ft ilHH nmnte und erkl-erte;
im uebri^en ^no coroment". Sie konnten diese Antwort missbilligen (auch ich habe sie nissbllligt ) •Keineswecs aber konnten Sie ihrer V^erfasser fuer einen Sowjet-Agenten h lten,nur weil er ihr Verfasser war;und gar keinesfalls durften Sie ihn der Oef enfelihh keit als Sowjetagenten -nzeigen.
Ich verstehe, d SS oie aufs r-eusserste erbittert und '^ifgebracht gewesen sein muessen gegen die linke Fifth üffifliaH Column in Fr-^nk- reich und dass Sie glnubteUi ^egeh entsprechende Kreise und IndividU' en hier drueben reo tzeitig vorgehen zu sallon.In der Hitze des ü-ef echtes haben Sie H^^lbrinhtjge und Fr^lsche en'ischt und Klnus war ein Irrtum . Mir ist nicht einm^a voellig begrciflic h,wie ge-
I
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1 18 Hast 4oth Street New York
rade Ihnen /.^er de cjeser Irrtum unterlaufen konnte. ij±e kennen
un^ uns seit so sehr vielen Jahren, -Lie \vussten,dass v/irVselbst
zur Zeit der schoensten Volks-i'ront-Bluete nie und nirainer mit den 'Genossen hnetten identif icieren l'issen;v/ie oft hnben v/ir {§ie und wir) d'-^s alles discutJert,- v/ie deutlich h'''.ben v/ir Ih- nen gesagt, d^.ss uns Entscheidendes von jenen trennt; wenn wir trotzdein^IhroYli''^ltunf^ nioht^inmer ^utheissen könnt en,h^ben wir Sie desh'^lb nicht einen Nazi-Zif^enteri gennnntt
Ich v;eiss he^'te, lieber "^chvarzschild, d ss ich mich in m-'nchem getauscht h' be.i^s war ein Irrtum, zu r;l"uhen,man koenne zus'^mraen- arbed}ten,mit den otalinisten,- ein Irrtum, den begangen zu h iben ich bereue;- er war bon'-i fide begangen und m-mches schien da- mals dpfuer zu sprechen, dass er keiner v/ar (k ^nn m-m d \s s -gej^ . Wie dem nuch sei: ich denke nicht dnran, heute ,- im i>espraech mit Freunden, oder in Briefen ^n TTicht-Freunde, "die alten CrO- schichten" ruhen l-^rssen zu wollen und h^^lt "froh zu sein" ('■ en i^reuncen gegonuebor ) ,dnss wir ja jetzt alle einer Ansicht sind.-^ch gebe zu,d^ss ich mich geirrt h be nd that^s th^t. Sie sollten d-^s ^uch tun. Schreiben Sie einen B^ief n Klaus, - geben Sie zu, dass Sie sich geirrt h^^ben und dass es Ihnen leid tut, ihn, der nie in seinem -Lieben ein Sowjet-Agent gewesen ist, oeff entlich ^Is eoichen beschimpft zu h'^ben.Das ist n lies, was noetig wnere.Schoen v/are freilich, wenn ..de hinzufi-egen koennten, dass nicht '^uf ^rund Ihrer Denunciationen Leute in die Pariser Lager geworfen und, eventudly, den Nazis ausg/ltegert worden sind.
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118 East 40TH Strebt
New York
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Es wriere s
ehr beruhigend und erfriflohend,wenn Sie das hinzu-
fuegen koennten.
Verstehen Sie mich recht: ich stelle Sie nicht 7Air ^ede und h-be gar kein Recht Fr • en an Sie zu richten.Nur: ich kann nicht mit jemandem sprechen, der daran fest^hoelt ,är ss Klnur, ein ^owjet-Agent gewesen ist.Und es wnere schwer fuei(mich, mit einem zu sprechen, nuf dessen veran lassung irgen'h^'elche Menschen, die nicht K^zis sind (wie gering- fuegig der Unterschied z-ischen ihnen und den Nazis sein mooge) den Nazis in die Ha ende gefallen sind.
Sie wissen (or do not know) wie gern ich Sie im;ner gehabt h' be und wie sehr ich also vmenschen muss,dass -n wieder miteinander sprechen koenne.
m
Bestens die Ihre:
.M,
?■
S.
l'^^^'i->e f:;^ ^c^^»^^J
^^ ^^-S-b %^c4 C4^
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wenigstens privr-^t rjohtlnstellen^k'-nn mim sich nicht vertr'ip;en.
Gerade Sie sollten ermessen koennen,wie ehrenruehriryund unleidlich
Ihre "P^rnphrnsierung" gewesen ist*
5.) Sie unterschnetzen unsere Kenntnis der Vorgpenge in Fr^mkreich.
Uns ist dur(?hRus bekr^.nnt,d''^ss Verhr^ftungen en block und nicht auf
Grund individueller Denunziationen vorgenoiTraen worden sind •
Iminerhin grb es "^^.ger fuer besonders VVrdp echtige; irmnerhin g^^b es
Entlassungen und Re-Tnternierungen,'nuf Grund von Inform"itionen,die
fuer oder gegen den J^-^-^eftling spr-^chen.Es ist mir eine wirkliche i'reude,
zu wissen, d- 'SS derlei Inf orm^?tionen gegen den Haeftling von Ihnen
niemals erteilt v-^orden sind .Immerhin \'evt%Vi oie nicht bezweifeln,
|
dass Ihre oeff entlichen Angriffe auf Leute, die |
Ihnen, zu Recht, oder |
|
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Unrecht "v-owjet-Agenten" |
zu sein schienen, ebens |
o -'arksam gewesen |
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sein koennten,wie direkte |
> Anzei^-eerst'^-ttung bei |
der zusta endigen |
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Stelle. |
* |
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bchluss. |
||
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Ich k^nn Ihnen gpr nicht |
siegen, wie sehr ich,^.us |
per soenlich en , V'/i e |
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eus sachlichen Gruenr en,d |
lesen Zvlst bedauere .E |
s ist mir ekelhaft, |
|
quFsi mit den '^^nossen ge |
gen Sie stehen 7U soll |
en und ich wollte, |
|
Sie machten ei^ Ende.^eben Sie sich, mein Lieber |
, einen Ruck und tun |
|
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Sie,WFisj"t£- ich wi er erhole |
dps,- im Grunde als d |
as einzig Vernuenftige |
|
und einzig Eaire 1p engst |
erkannt h^-^^^ben muessen. |
ES IST KIKE ( versehent- |
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lieh gesperrt geschrieben |
l) es ist eine Kleinig: Bestens: |
keit. |
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• |
F |
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Erika ivlnnn Princeton,i^ .J. 65 otockton Street, am 17. Deoemher 19^0
Lieber Schv/arzschild , -
danke fweT den Brief .Aber so ^eht d^rs doch wirklich nicht imd Sie muessen im Grunde wissen (koennen e^r nicht umliin,zu wissen) d^ss es so nicht .^reht.
1.) "Sowjet-Af^ent" hat in i^uropa keinen andern »^inn und Inhalt als hier. Kein Mensch dort denkt d-^r^n, jemanden, der "^us Gesinrnm-r^-Identi- tset stpendig in der Lnie der Stf^lin-Poinik -friert" einen "Sowjet- A/rrenten"zu nennen. Es p-ibt viele Worte, die fuer einen solchen Verwen- dung finden,- "Sympathizer",- "Fellov.'-Tmvellor",- etc.
v«.2 ^-yt 'iCcH.c^'/e.f s
2.) Ihnen hnette kl-^r sein sollen, d-ss KlnusVlcf-inesnegsy^stubbornly die Linie der St-lin-i'olitik verfolgte". Nje h-t er d^s set^n und die Erklrerunr:,riie er Ih en zeclcs Abdruck uebersrindte, enthielt klar- ste Beweise fuer dieses "Nie". Der Abdruck ist nicht erfolrt,- d£S_ W'Tr "Stubborn" und v/ar ^'lles andere nls frir,
3.) Eine "Denunziation in Amerikp" IfV! vor. Denn die Attacke in der Volkszeitung war weit weniger beleidigend und alarmierend,. '•.Is ihre "Paraphr-^sierun^" Ira N.T.ß. D-'s Wort "Sowjet-Agent", jedenfalls, ist
dort nicht gef^^llen.
/,.) Sie h-ben recht: der g-^nze Streit ist "un z e i t ^- em» e s s " . Ma n -nu e s s - te sich vcrtrrgen.Ich vmenschte sehr,m'^n koennte sich vertragen. Sol^-nge Sie aber Ihren in der und fuer die Oeffentlichkeit begangenen Irrtum (und es ist vertraeglich,diis einen "Irrtum" zu nennen'.) nicht
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January glO • 1 941
Liobor Klour« Tcnni
^.'ir "»ollen die Korrecpondonz nie t vorlrencnm.Abor oinico lairiose :i8fl-Infor- nnti.oi'ien noeohto loi. nioht unbr^rlahti^t Lgö«
sen»
8ie rprochtrn von noinon Brief cn rredn Kirchv/ry un<; zitior^jn^iiit ;.nfuclinirM:S' ntrioiicn, orte dnrnur»' enn nein Gedaeciitnis und iK^ine .:eci-tratur nit^ht r^^nv. und ,;ar cie« Vokt sinc'^^orli-tiert knin IJrlof von mir an MisG rirr^.hxmy.
Dnnn noll ^n noine'^i Brief m Ourt Kiesö r.tcliBnijioh ßlrubte not'ih houte rn Ihre Vcrf-anc-enlicit nls ^»^^ent^Dor.i Rienn^r; s ist rioIitiCfhabG i-^Ai ,;Gr>c irieben^/vbor Iccin .'ort dieses Inlmlts« onn Jie es w^iensch ;n^ste'.t die }:opio zu Ihrer VorfueGun:-;*
Dns nlloc^GOuroiben ::io.^\'7r.r ni^Jit besonders nett«
Dns aLles v/nr uebcrhaupt niciit» Abor nie hrbon i':echtjin di)r .clt,:escl.i^Mte wird ;'S ': dne -olle spiclon^unr; in dieser Ueboroinsti-iraurH:; becruesse ioh Cie
'^
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Llebor rin;jfl Btenn, j
_ _ '-^-n© Koi-roopondf-nr nlt Thror
«Ohweotor ßlbt xAv Gf-ln^'.nlult,! nen o^n -ort ucho dun /rtikol tm r>.-i:on,nit öcn dar rieuo Tncobuoh colnv'rrelt nur JUren ^-.rler uobor on
tnlln-llltlf r-Pnkt rooei*'i'to,
2» iiol düijoi tior AusdruQl:
oov^jot-i\i;cnt-./tber loh et qü Ihnon cer-no und wrhrhr.'i 8t:'n<:oos,dfiSß o^abta i;i do: blts.oron i^tiranunö jonoo /.Ut^cnbl i oks und in < c- düofillßcn Kntre^ntint! kein (rodanke dnrnn bentrnd,Jhn©n 0 nntlich ein ; biinr;n£;int,akoito- und AnGcnt.litoD -vorhf^oltnlc ru l-^i^endv/elchor '>)v let-InDten? Imp tlorcn 7.11 .ollon. Ir v/rron orrert,von Ihnen Dlnce coenct 7u rin« en,v lo oio don. ir (.-fin'/. 'Ol,nltch von den voroci.iod<merti,':at.on iVoun<'on imd Vorteldlcorn ' oük-t.ur c«r.nct ur- on.Hnci \vir wollten i'.un Aundi-uc!- brln,;on,d ßt- nll« dlo.'-o Artnirnontat I onon nlt der Unnoer^loJikolt^oolion kirr zu sonen und ©in T.'rtoil zu ffielJen,ob|el-tlv nur clno i'oor. omni: d<?r ; -owjct-rofdrohuncon noiis Bolen, ^^
In l'.utio (;or.olirlol.>en und j;olo- ocn,hnt dnr ort A£^ont nptuRrlich ©Inon vndorcn Sinn un<i f>r, tut nlr lo:d,dnen ^b »^ebrnuc: t ur o. Abo ßC'icint v/rr nur,v;r>o lo! hi<r onco, , . 3'^ Uobri^r-n eine'; dno nlto
Dinco^und f'lo ::nt\7lo!aiui,~ Golth(?r hrt. «l- In. wio ici; hoero,ohn<jhln nn ituin i'unkt •••■fuehrt, cn d«>r:j vvir In r .>nohe v/«>lt onl^ier dir
ICii hof fo,: li teilen nein tipilnd; n,dr, Frnce olnoß .v-ub^triritlvt, <uo den Tloroot
roriorou, ao die
lOoO
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umso v/enlgor Aktunlit^ict behalten hat*
Jch vmensche Ihnen dns Berte zum Jah esv/ochsel und ^ruesse .'ie
Ihr
Leopold »Schwor^.schild
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e.>K. u. j^j^^ Unten mich, Ihn on^^^^-' die Antwort mitzuteilon^dlc tch dodi öh man 1 igen ^. Rolf lluernber« nuf f'eln ihnen Vornngelftiffnair^^töß Schreiben geben wuordetlch infor^iiere .iie^dass ich auf dieses DoktiAcntjdrs' »Ich tidbric^ms nicht mehr in meiner Iißnd befinc'^rit janoemossencr- maösen nicht antworte # iwam
Wes Ihren Brief von gertern onbelnne^t, rekapituliert er noine Bereitschaft zu dem von Ilinen und 7;vvel nn^ierea seiner x'^reunde novAiensciiten Zus^ri^ontreff en mit Haus I/.ann.
Aber dc^r Ausgang -spurkt inusß der vorcesehene bloiben^ilr sollte aus der Konf;tntierung bestehen|dass uiisor dnrnali- ger politischer Konflilcts-Anlnss^naemlich - Klaus l.Ienns Verhaeltnis zur Sowjot-l^olitil:, zumindest heute ccccnstandslos sei #-10 i inoT* es in der Yercan{:enlieit daruin beitellt gov/esen sein mocge: In cier Geßenvmrt jedonfplls, allen Versiclieningen r.ufolco, existiere er niciit mehr«
Von dieser Grundlage k^mn icli nicht abgehen. Dio Abv/findlune: dos Verfahrens^ - die Ihrer eignen i'^rlaeuterung ^ufolne Symbol isioren soll^dass die Vergangen- heit nie) t etv/a von beiden r>eiten reserviert bloibt^sonoorn äf'.sr. icl ein Unrecht in ihr einbekenne p- diese Abv-nndlunf-: akzoptiera ich nicht nicht •
Ich kann nicht schliessen^oline Sie einer r^or^e zu enthoben. Sie sprechen in Ihrem Brief mit offonbarom Mitgefuc:il davon, das in /VmeriVe meine ''rosition verschlecutert^sei und erwnehnen eien '^Druck der Verhaoltnisse'',dev:: icii unterlioGC^In ^^-^-^^^
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Sohrolbon olnr! Olo Andoutuncon uobor noine Jetzige veiTaointlloho r.cln/ceoh • und ihre uoeßlicho Au; nuotTiunß ßorr.dozu \mohtlg,3eion Sie ao unbesovGt wie loh uelbct eo bin.Iob bin fuoröorGllch vorolcihort^dfiae die Helntion der ;;t.icrk©n eich in i allo aooUej? .»jjactorer odor sobon boironnenor Versuche mIs iinßuom;tiG nicht fu«7- aicl) entpuppen -./uordo.
Und dnnlt^fincle loh, BOllte die i^rnelininßr-Unterhnltung uobcr don riod^n^den loh vorr^iohe,dic :ion-'5ellln{^o- ronr/,dl(> ioh hinnaeiiae,0(ior don KrioG,dan ioii urifjorn , ober gut j. fuobron wuordo ,v/oUl ' vu .:n< ; e in. Ich raoüo;;te sie aicht fortaeta^n» . ta
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Bruno Frank,
513 1 North Uainden Drive. Beverly Hills. Cfx.t:/^^6.
Lieber Schv/arzschild,
V
ihr Brief vom Schiff
chliche
Freude für uns. Es hatte in all den ivionaten keinen Tag gegeben, an dem ihr nicht in unseren Gesprächen v;art. Dass das glückte - ich nehme es als ein Zeichen, dass üie für Wichtiges aufgehoben sind. Ich habe das immer geglaubt, und v/ünsche heute noch inniger, es zu glauben, als ehemals.
ich weiss nicht, ob ihnen klar ist, v/ie schwer die wölken, von denen ihr Brief spricht, mir auf der Seele lasten. Dazu müss- ten Sie voll "realisieren"^ v/ie v/ichtig Sie mir immer gev/esen sind, seit wir uns kennen lernten, iian wird ja mit den Jahren kälter und starrer, und immer v/eniger disponiert, sich aufzuschliessen. Längst braucht man nicht mehr alle zehn ±*inger, um die nenschen zu zählen, die zählen. Und sich da eines Tages einen oder zwei i^'inger abzuhacken, das ist ein Be- schluss, vor dem man doch heftig zurückscheut.
Ich hatte Ihnen, wenige Tage nach Ihrer Ankunft einen ürief geschrieben - ausführlich, voliaioffnung und Optimismus - ich war eigentliirh ganz überzeugt, dans wir uns nach alliem, was inzwischev. ihnen und jedem von uns geschehen v/ar, völlig v/ieder finden müssten, und
ich kann kaum ausdrücken wie sehr ich das wninschte. Aber ehe ich mein
I
langes oclireiben abschloss, errteichten mich i^achrichten aus liew York, die mich tief erschreckten, und die meine Hoffnungen zurückst iessen. V/enn diese i\iachrichten v/ahr sind - und zum Zweifel ist leider wenig urund -
/
2.
-'Ji^
4
SO hat sich in ihrer Haltung auch nach der Ankuiif-fe^in diesem Lande nicht
'-■'
geändert, im Gegenteil: sie drückt sich hier womöglich noch vehementer
aus
als zuvor.
Lieber Schv/arz;schild, ich meine, ich verdierlfef^es, dass ö mir zuhören und sich mit mir auseinanderzusetzen. Ich v/ollte, es könnte Viva vooe geschehen, aber es ist unsichur, v/ann v/ir nach dera Osten kom- mon. So bitte ich Sie selir, diese Zeilen hier ruhig durohzusehon und mir zu antv;orten.
Eine Verständigung müsste möglich sein^ Denn die gemeinsame Basis ist ja da. Im Sachlichen "Politischen"^ scheint mir, gehen v/ir so gut wie garnicht auseinander. Ich habe gewisse Illusionen niemals geteilt, nicht einmal zur Zelt der grossen Morgenröte von 1920 ♦ Ex Oriente lux war mir im geistigen Siniv iinmer mehr als zweifelhaft.
Aber die p^emeinsame Basis ist noch viel breiter. Für Sie wie
für mich ist das Moralische der I.'assstab und der Sinn der Geschichte -
ii das steht auf tausend oeiten des Tagebuchs zu lesen, und was anderes habe
auch ich eigentlich nie auszudrücken versucht.
Gerade darum v/ar jensr Ghoc so tief und persönlich für mich. Es scheint mir gerade für »^ie - für Sie mehr als beinahe für Jeden Andern - eine ganz klare, Tastbare Grenze zu geben, die im Kampf unter keinen Um- stän'Ien überschritten v;erdon darf,
Sie v/erden antv/orten diese Grenze sei^ von der andern Seite, in der ßichtting auf Sie, Lmiaer v;ieder und recSht abscheulich übersollritten worden. Ich weiss da im Einzelnen nicht so Bescheid, aber ich unterstelle
es als vollkommen v/ahr.
Der Unterschied ist nur eben der, dass auf jener Seite der Llensch und das Menshhliche einrreständlioh nicht zählt - und dass es für
3.
Sie zählen muns, oder Sie heten den Sinn Ihres Lebens und Ihrer Arbeit
auf.
Dort v;ohnt man ein f fir alleinal im historischen Recht und in der
V/ahrheit, man marschiert in Reih und Glied mit den berühmten ev;igen Ge- setzen, die 1867 codifiziert v;orden sind, und das atmende Individuum existiert und gilt nicht t- ob nun das Individuum Leopold ^chwarzschild oder drei Liillionen verhungernde Individuen im '. .'olgagebiet. So sind sie, die Gläubigen, So haben es die Anhänger Hohafüeds gehalten, und die von John Knox und die von Calvin, Und das, genau das, ist es, was mich von diesen V;ahrheitsbe sitzern trennt, und was auch >:Jie von ihnen getrennt hat. Darum geht es, um nichts anderes im Grund: um den einzelnen Menschen, den Respekt vor ihm, die Schonung für ilin. Gehen Sie davon ab, aus per- sönlich noch so erklärlichen politisch noch so verfechtbaren Gründen, so füllen Sie den Abgrund aus zv/ischen denen und sich. Und ich folge ihnen nicht mehr,
Sie haben mir datnals, lieber Schwarzschild, auf meine Depesche nach Paris nicht geant\7ortet, obv/ohl Sie doch fühlen nussten, dass Sie aus grösster Angst entstanden war, Angst um Sie, und Angst für die, die Sie öffentlich anprangerten. Ich hätte diese Depesche nicht abgesandt, hätte ich nicht gewusst dass Sie unrecht hatten; dass die, die Sie preis_ gaben, Ihre gefährlichen Angriffe nicht verdienten. Der jetzt aufgelöste Schutzverband in Nev/ York hat währejjd seiner ganzen Existenz nie eine öffentliche Aeusserung getan, die^auch nur entfernt anfechtbar gewesen v/äre. Die Menschen, die Sie öffentlich preisgaben, Klaus Mann, Graf, Ivianfred Georg, sind mir samt ihrer Tätiglceit in diesem Land aufs Genaueste bekannt. Alles was im Tagebuch über sie berichtet v/urde, vrar grundfalsch.
Vas zum Exempel Klaus I.Iann angeht - ich glaube, ich kenne jede Zeile , die
er hier geschritben und jedes Wort, das* er öffentlich ausgesprochen hat - - ihn als "Sowjetagenten" anzugeben, lieber Schvmrzschild, es grenzt äH Walm«- sinn. Und die sehr vnirdige Antwort, die er Ihnen geschickt hat^ einfach zu ignorieren, ihm nicht das Wort zu geben zur Klarstellung in so vitalea? Sache, das ist genau die Methode derer^die Sie hassen und bekämpfen.
Ich sehe die Holle, die in allen Ländern von den Kommunisten gespielt v/ird, genau so wie Sie, Man kann sie ja garnicht anders sehen. Aber nicht davon ist die Hede, Sondern davon ist die Hede, dass Sie Menschai , von denen nichts, aber auch garnichts, beweist, dass sie das aus Moskau befohlene Zerstörungsspiel mitspielen, ohne Nachprüfung dem öffentlichen
Verdacht preisgegeben haben.
Ich habe versucht, zu verstehen, und auf die Zukunft ge- hofft. Es v/äre schrecklich, wenn sich Ihre Haltung wirklich auch heute nicht verwjidelt hätte. V/enn ^ie auch heute Menschen wie Graf oder Ueorg oder Klaus Mann mit Moskauer Saboteui*en verwechselten, V/enn in diese Emigration, in der Jeder Einzelne mit endender Kraft um seine Existenz zu ringen hat, neuer Verdacht, neue Spaltung, neuer Haas hineingetragen würde, V/enn neue Gefahren aufgerissen würden vor ivienschen, die unsere tapferen Mitkämpfer v;aren imd sich mit genauer Not aus der Feuersbrunst haben retten können.
Ich beschv/öre ^ie, lieber Schwarzschild, gehen Sie auf die- sem V/eg nicht v/eiter. Ich bin nicht so anmassend zu sagen: nähern Sie sich mir. Der richtige Ausdruck ist: kommen Sie zu sich selber zurück, verneinen und zerstören Sie nicht selbst die Arbeit Ihres Lebens, Ich wollte, Sie
hörten mich.
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RALPH M. NÜNBERG
533 SPOLETO DHIVE
SAWTA MONICA, CALIF, TKL..t s.M. 416 45
30. September 1940
Mr. Leopold Schv.arzschild Hotel Colonial
81st Street and Coliambia ^venue New York City
Sehr geehrter Herr Schwarzschild!
Ich begruesse Sie in -^'merika und moechte meine Freude darueber zum Ausdruck bringen, dass ein Mann, den ich so lange gekannt habe vie Sie, und den ich so sehr lange Zeit hindurch so ausserordentlich geschaetzt habe, der europaeischen Hoelle ent- ronnen ist.
Gleichzeitig moechte ich Irmen aber nieine Meinung sagen - nicht, um absolut einen "^riefwechsel irilt Irr:en zu erzv.lngen,- sondern v.eil ich es fuer unfair hielte, >.enn Ilmen ^^^uss.: rungen, die ich tue, von anderen als von nir mitgetitält .uerden.
S
"ie wissen, v/ie positiv icl'; Ihnen und Ihrer Arbeit gegenueber gestanden hebe. Sie werden sich erinnern, dass icii mich in Paris mit Ihnen oeffentlich zeigte, ?ls manche es vür-oren, nicht mit Ihnen auf den Boulev&rds zu prom^^nieren, v/eil die Partei, die Sie angriffen,^ in i'rf-nkreich noch raaechtig v.ar. Ich Mbe auch zu- naechst diese Stellungnahme nic?it zu bert-uen f:ehcbt, zimi.l ich die Art, in der Sie angegriffen \ urden (Geste '^o-^^gent, etc.) fuer nicht richtig und oft fuer veraechtlich hielt.
Doch ich haette auch nie geglcubt, dass ich diese Handlung bereuen '.uerde. ■^^ber Sie seihst haben mich eines Besseren belehrt. Sie haben einen Verband, dem ich ebenso angehoerte ie Ihr Freund ^runo ^rank, der im Vorstand ssss, oder Ihr guter Bekannter Curt Kiess, der der leitende Sekretaer die es Verbcnde.s wpr, in einer beispiellosen v^eise angegriffen, und Sie heben keinem der Ange- griffenen die Moeglichkeit gegeben, sich zu rechtfertigen. Bruno Frank durfte ich als Jähren *reund bezeichnen, v/eil er mir von Ihnen vorgestellt wrden ist, und v.eil ich in Paris beobachten konnte, dass Sie und Ij-ire i-r-^u --^it Herrn und ^rau ^'rant: v irklich f reurdschf f tliche Beziehungen zu unterhalten schienen. Sie haben Klaus Mann einen kommunistischen ^.genten g-nannt. Sie haben auf ^runo i^ranks Telegramm nicht einmal reagiert. Sie haben sich also zu uns schlimmer benommen, eis m_an sich zu Il-men benommen hat. D.^nn keiner der Genannten hat Ihnen jemals ^^rund dazu gegeben, von Ihnen verleumdet zu Vi-erden, ohne' dass Sie eine ^"'ichtig Stellung oder auch nur eine ^rklarrung zugelassen haben. Sie haben uns in Europa gevisserm-issen einen schleci\ten Namen zu machen versucht. Daraufhin mussten die Europaeer unter Ihrer Fuehrung sich von denen retten lassen, denen Sie einen scMecrten Namen gemacht haben. Sie haben am SS. Oktober 1959 gedruckt, dass sich "Klaus Mann in seiner Bolle als Soviet Agent definitiv beglaubigt hat".
RALPH M. NÜNBERG
533 SPOLETO DRIVE
SANTA MONICA. CALIF.
Tel,.! s.m. 410 45
- S -
Wenn d&s ..ort "beglaubigt" ausdruecken sol', dass Ihnen irgend welche Dokumente vorliegen, wss ich nicht glaube, so sind diese Dokumente nichts anderes • Is Lug und '•'■rüg. Und der eliemalige Herausgeber eines aggressiven Org&ns, vie es das "Tagebuch" einmal i,\ar, sollte .jedem Dokument gegenue'r:er vorsichtig sein, zumal ja der flerausgeber des "Neuen ■'•agebuchs" genau Be- scheid weiss, v.;as man mit Dokumenten alles machen kann. Ich erinnere an die niedertraechtlge .t; lle, die Ihrem Blatt gestellt wurde, und in die es auch hinein fiel, eis im "Neuen 'i-'agebuch" seinerzeit die Hyr-nose-These, die selbst Ihre darac.ligen^'Freunde fuer etvas schwachsinnig hielten, aufgestellt vmrde. '
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Sie haben üont '-^'agc voi'Lcr klar und ungescr.rainkt in Ihrem -latt Lion ^euchtv/anger als deutschen ^oviet-Agenten ange- zeigt, Sie wxissten, dass -feuchtwanger im üeg>.nsata zu Klaus fjann in rariKreich lebte, und was eine "^nzeige in Ihrem i::'latt, das fuer die franzoesische iiegierung, die sich ja auch sonst bewaenrt iat, als offi2,ioe es Organ der deutschen Fmignition g; It, bedeutete. Ihjien mag viel angetan worden sein. Sie sind sicherlich oft falsch und zu Unrecht angegriffen .orden. i:'euchtvvänger selbst mag Itmen Unrecht getan haben, wirkliches *-'nrecht und ver.ieintliches Ur^recht; er mag zu veit gegangen sein; aber .juch die literarische Auseinander- setzung mit ihm hatten Sie begonnen. Jedenfalls vvussten ^de, dass er Sie nicht gefaelirden konnte. Ihre ^enunz.iation in Kriegszeiten musste ihn gefaehrden, und Sie vvussten das gan<^ genau. Ich teile Herrn ^euchtwangers heutige politische "uffassungen wahrscheinlich auch nicht, aier ich kann mir nicnt vorstellen, dass ich ihn, selbst wenn er mich auf '-'rund einer solchen Jleinungr-^verscrledenheit an- greifen v.uerde, der i illkuer anderer in Kriegs>:.ei ten ausliefern nierde. Und genau so, w.ie Sie e- mit ^euchtv.-anrer gemacnt haben, haben '-ie es eben mit Klaus Mann, Manfred Georg, Curt Riess, etc. getrieben. Sie haben die journalistische '-'nansiaendigkeit besessen, Richtig- stellungen der betreff f-nden niclt zu bringen. Sie, ein alter Zeitunps- herausge'^^er, sollten uebrigens einem alten -ei tungsmann wie mir auch'^ gar nicht einzureden versuchen, das? keine dieser Berichtip;unn:en in Ihre ^-aende gelangt ist. Sie hahen ausserdem ein l'elegramm von Bruno ^rank ignoriert, obwohl Sie genau vvUssten, dass man ilin- und vielen reiner i'reunde nicht einmal df s vorwerfen Konnte, was Sie ^euchtwanger vorge.orfen haben: ein deutscher -oviet--'Vent in -^ranirreich zu sein. Dass Feuchtv/anger sich zu seiner sich.erlich falschen - oder mir, 6er den urmoegUchen Stalin nicht verknusen kann, als voellig falsch erscheinenden - politischen Meinung auch dann bekannt hat, als es gefaei-rlic>' und perade..u verboten v/ar, sich dazu zu bekennen, hat ihjn der ehemalige nerausgeber des "Tagebuch" besonders angekreidet. So weit kann also jemand sich verirren, der beinahe zwei Jahrzehnte hindurch eine einstmals bedeutende Zeitschrift herausg>-^getaen hat. Der zu Unrecht Angegriffene denunziert die, die ihin angegriffen haben, dort, wo er sie erreichen kann, und verleumdet andere, "die ihn nicht einmal angegriffen naben.
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RALPH M. NÜNBERG
033 SPOLETO DRIVE
SANTA MONICA. CALIF.
Tbl..! s.m. 416 45
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Sie
, ein frisch Geretteter und in diesem Lande geduldeter i^ast, behauoten weiterldn, dass Alans Mann nun eben "leider ejn Soviet-Agent" sei. Natuerlich behau2:)ten ^ie des von anderen auch. Sie sollten aber wissen, dass man\ln diesem Lande als Agent jemand bezeichnet, der von der Regierung des Landes, mit cem er im ^unde sterien soll, Geld bekommt, und der nach einem Gesetz;, das Sie vielleicht nicht kennen, sich beim Ftate i^epartment zu registrieren hat. 'wer das nicht tut, setzet sich einer hohen Bestrafung aus. Sie als seit eh und je in Proze sen Erfahrener sollten ferner wissen, dass oie. sich einer strafbaren Handlung dann schuldig machen, wenn Sie den ^ev/eis fuer die ^-nKlage, die ^ie gegen diese 'Personen erhoben liaben, nicht erbringen koennen.
B*?R5« Behauptungen sind nun voellig unv/ahr und kommen der V.ahrheit nici'.t einmal nahe. Aber davon abgesehen v.erden S^ie bald herausfinden, dass der Suoreme "-ourt dieses Landes im Gegensatz zu Ihnen nicht reaktionaer ist sondern ein im v^ahrsten Sinne des »»ortes wirklich liberoler Gerich tsioi, der Sie ueber die Unwahrheit und 'Jnzulaessigkeit Ihrer ^ehauotungen belehren .uerde. Uebrigens glaube icb keum, cass eine so liberale und grosssrti^e Zeitschriftherausgeberin, ,vie es i'reda ^irchv/ey ist, oder ein so liberaler und grossertiger ^rbeitsfuehrer wie etwa J^binsky es schsetzen v.tierde, wenn sie oder er hoert, dass Sie Menschen, die alles andere v^aren und sind eis das, w;_is Sie behaupten, derartig verleumden, und Sie werden kaum die Entscnuldigung peltend machen koennen, dass Sie auch einmal, aber in einem anderen^Lande und unter anderen ^mstaenden, verleumdet worden sind.
Ich habe Ihnen einmal im Sommer 19S7 ges^-gt, dass ich Ihre Artikel ueber Amerika - dan-als handelte es sieb um einen Angriff gegen den Prae.ädenten der Li.s.A. - fuer falsch halte, vor allem, weil sie zeigten, dass Sie sicb.tiich nicht mit der Alaterie vertraut waren. Ich v.nerde Ihnen emnfenlen, bevor -^ie die Arbeit wieder aufneJmen, die ich oben gescldldert habe, und die ^ie unter- brecnen mussten, sich etwas mit den Landessitten zu bescheef tigen. Dann werden oie naemlich herausfinden, dass bler Verleumdete gevisse konstitutionelle Rechte naben, die -ie eigentlicr: haetten rennen muessen, die Ihnen aber in der i^tmosnhaere, aus der Sie entronnen sind, abhanden gekommen zu sein scheinen. Diese konstitutionellen hechte koennen nier i--nsaessige besonders einem Besucher ge^enueber zeltend machen, der in einem Notfall zugelassen vurde, otoe^dass sie'deshalb aui ihr Denunziantentum herabsteigen mue sen.
Mit vorzueglicher hochachtung
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CABLE ADDRESS -RIESST<fM NEW YORK
CURT RiESS
AMERICAN CORRESPONDENT OF PARIS-SOIR ^40^J:E:AST57L" STREET
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>.'i 5. Oktober 1940
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Sehr geehrter Herr Schwarz schlld,
' ' •- von meiner Reise nach Boston zurück-
gekehrt, habe Ich sofort mit Klaus Mann gesprochen, wie das zwischen uns verabredet war. Damit gar keine ^1 sverständnlsse entstehen, möchte Ich das Folgende möglichst klar und orSzis formulieren:
1) Es war durchaus richtig, was ich Ihnen Dienstag Abend sagte, n-^mlich, dasß ^laus I^ann durchaus bereit zu einer Aussprache ist. Sie standen also unter einem falschen Eindruck, oder waren falsch Informiert, wenn Sie das Gegenteil annahmen,
2) Klaus Mann steht allerdings auf dem Standpunkt, das s, wenn es zu einer solchen Aussprache ko:-:men soll, SiLe den ersten Schritt tun müssten^ ^enn er hält sich für den zu Unrecht Angegriffnen und Beleidigten. (Wie Sie wisse:., bin Ich da ganz seiner Meinung- und, wie ich hinzufügen darf, nicht nur ich, sondern wir alle sind es, die Sie bisher zu Ihren guten ße-annten und Freunden rechnen durften und, wie ich hoffe, auch in Zukunft werden rechnen dürfen.)
ö) Ich würde also vorschlagen, dass Sie sl setzen. Seine Adresse ist Hotel ^edford, 1 nünfti^ste wäre wohl, wenn Sie ihn In sein te dies Ihnen aber aus irgendwelchen Qründ schlägt Klaus Mann meine V/ohnung als mögli streiche ausdrücklich, dass dies der ^orsc meine. Ich habe ihm erklärt, dass ich natür ^ache aus dtr V^elt zu schaffen, dass aber mexahang kein neutrales Feld darstellt.
ch mit Klaus Mann In Verbindung 18 East,40th ^treet. Das Ver- em Hotel aufsuchen würden. Soll- en nicht angenehm sein, so chen "Treffpunkt vor. Ich unter- hlag Klaus Manns war, nicht der lieh alles gern tue, um diese meine VVohnung In diesem 2usam-
4) Ich habe noch einmal die einschlägigen Nummern des Neuen Tagebuch durch- gesehen und daraus entnommen, dass viele beleidigende und unv/ahre Bemer- kungen über den SchutzverDand Deutscher Schriftsteller und einige seiner "Mitglieder darin enthalten sind; unter anderem habe ich auch meinen Namen In einem durchaus beleidigenden Zusanmenhang darin gefunden. Die Tatsache, dhßs Sie sich dessen üoerhaupt nicht erinnern, lässt darauf schliessen, dass diese ganze Campagne von Ihrem ^latt ein wenig übereilt, ein wenig - wol i.en wir sagen- unseriös und unüberlegt durchgeführt wurde* ^mso mehr ^rund. In solchem Zusammenhang aufgestellte - oder nachgedruckte- -cJehauotungen nicht aufrecht zu erhalten.
Ich kann verstehen, dass Sie ungern etwas zurücknehmen In einem Augenblick, in dem eine solche Zurücknahme aussieht, als erfolge sie unter dem Druck der Verhältnisse. Aber es geht Ja nicht an, dass Sie beleidigende Aeusserun-
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gen gegen unschuldige Menschen ( die Sie vielleicht im Besitz Ihrer Zelt- schrift und im Besitz einer für die Beleidigten unerreichbaren Position zurückgenommen hätten) nicht zurücknehmen, nur, well diese Ihre Position sich verschlechtert hat oder - Höhepunkt des Paradoxes - ,weil sie nur durch das Eingreifen einiger dieser Beleidigten nicht zu einer verzweifel- ten ge'orden ist.
Ich Vioffe, daas durch diese Aussprache mit Klaus Mann wenigstens die An- ki;eLegenheit zwischen ihm und Ihnen aus der ^elt geschafft wird und verblei' be In diesem Sinne - ,. • • > .... ^ , • ^
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CABLE ADDRESS-RIESSTAM NEW YORK
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AMERICAN CORRESPONDENT OF PARIS-SOIR 040 XaWtAST 57'-" STREET NEW YORK CITY
9. Januar 1941
Sehr geehrter Herr Schwarz echlld,
Sie werden sich vielleicht wundern von mir einen Brief zu erhalten. Indessen hätte ich diesen Brief schon eher geschrieben, wenn nicht ein U>,fall meiner Frau und seine Heilung fast die gesamte Zeit der letzten Woche in Anspruch genommen hätte.
WaS mich schon vor einigen Wochen zu dem Ent- schluss brachte Ihnen zu schreiben war ein Gerücht, das mir von verschiedenen Seiten zugetragen wurde. Es handelt sich darum, dass Sie sich über mich beklagt haben sollen, dase Ich Irgendwelchen Personen erzählt hätte, Sie gingen in New York herum und erzählten, Klaus Marm sei ein Agent etc.etc.( dieser Satz ist sehr kompliziert, aber der Tatbestand ist es Ja auch).
Darf ich Ihnen dazu folgendes sagen : Wenn ich eine solche Bemerkung gemacht hätte wäre Ihre Klage über mich voll- kommen berechtigt. Aber ich habe eine solche Behauptung nie aufgestellt. Ich weiss Ja, dass nicht Sie es waren sondern daps ich es war, der das Gespräch über die im "Neuen Tagebuch" veröffentlichten Verleumdungen Klaus Mann 's und anderer Ffeunde zur Sprache brachte (und zwar auf V^unsch Klaus Mann 's zur Sprache brachte) Sie haben alpo nichts anderes getan als eine an Sie gestellte Frage beantwortet resp. ein voii mir provoziertea Gesprüch aufgenommen. Wie Sie wissen hieit ich es für nicht korrekt, dass Sie gewisse Verleumdungen über Klaus Mann und andere Freunde druckten. Ich halte es aber für durchaus korrekt, dass Sie, da Sie zumindest bis zu dem Gespräch mit mir Ihre Meinung über den Tatbestand, der Jenen Artikeln zu Grund lag, nicht geändert hatten, dieser Ihrer ungeänderten Meinung Aus- druck verleihen. Es handelt sich nach meiner Ansicht durchaus nicht um neue Verleumdungen.
Ich hebe auch Sorge getragen diesen Punkt immer wieder zu unterstreichen und habe den wenigen Leuten, denen Ich von unserem Gespräch berichtete (und es waren wirklich nur mein Auftragsgeber und die Leute, die von ihm dahin unterrichtet
«aren, tees er mir dieeen Auftrag erteilt tu,tte) i„
diesem
♦* TEL. PLAZA 3-9^33
CABLE ADÜRESS-RIESSTAM NEW YORK
>
CURT RiESS
AMERICAN CORRESPONDENT OF PARIS-SOIR 54:0 30^X EAST 571." STREET
NEW YORK CITY
II
Sinne Aufklärung gegeben • Ich weiss mich unschuldig an Irgend- V7elchem Geschvrätz, das über Sie entstand n sein ma.g und ich schreibe Ihnen diesen Brief hauptsächlich damit Sie, falls dieses Geschwätz weitere Kreise befassen sollte, eine Möglichkeit haben es zu widerlegen, falls und wann Itümer Sie wollen»
Ich freue mich von Kiaus und Erika Mann zu hören, dass der Fall wenigstens prinzipiell geklärt worden ist. Ich kann Ihnen nur noch einmal versichern, dass niemand ihn mehr be- dauert h^.t als ich. Ich war es - und dafür sind eine Unzahl von Zeugen vorhanden - der damals, als das "Neue Tagebuch" mit Jenen Artikeln herauskam und alle »Veit mit Recht entrüstet war, immer wieder Mässigung anempfahl und der sicheren Hoffnung Ausdruck gab, dass Sie von der gajizen Sache sicher keine richtige Kenntnis hatten oder dass Sie das Opfer von Verleumdungen gewesen waren, Umßomehr hat es gerade mich betrübt als Sie nicht nur von den verschiedenen Berichtigungen keine Kenntnis nahmen, sondern nach Ankunft in diesem Lande mit keinem Wort von den damaligen Ver- leumdungen abrücken wollten. Ich darf betonen, dass diese meine Betrübnis letzten Endes nur zu erklären ist aus der ausserordent- lichen Schätzung, die ich für Sie als Journalisten sowohl wie als liaenschen hege. Und nur dieser Schätzung ist es ja zuzuschreiben, dass Ich Ihnen heute diesen Brief schreibe, von dem ich hoffe, dass Sie ihn in dem Sinne verstehen, in dem er geschrieoen ist.
wie imiuer
Ich bitte mich Ihrör G-attin zu empfehlen und bin
Ihr
^ TEL. PLAZA 3-9^33
CABLE ADDRESS- RIESSTAM NtTW YORK
CURT RiESS
AMERICAN CORRESPONDENT OF PARIS-SOIR c)4CÖKfl[ EAST 57TH STREET NEW YORK CITY
IS.Maerz. 1941.
Sehr geehrter Herr Schwarz schlldl
Sie werben zwar nicht ein Wort von dieöem Brief glauben, den ich an Sie sehr fi^b^f, aber er enthaelt, wie ich vor Gericht be---. eiden kann, die Wahrheit und nichts als die Wahrheit. SLjjb^Kff A^^i^ Bj^ief, den ich vor ungefaehr zehn oder zwoelf Wochen an Sie schrieb, ist also offenbar verloren gegangen. Die Dame, die ihn geschrieben hat, beschwoert, ihn geschrieben zu heben, das Stenogrammbuch, aus dem ich ihn noch einmal abschreiben woll— te, ist myeterloeserwelse verschwunden. Falls es noch einmal auftauchen sollte, lasse ich den Brief nochmals abschreiben»
In diesem Brief, den ich aus dem öedaechtnis wiederhole, handel- te es sich um folgendes: Ich gab meiner Freude Ausdruck, dasß die Affaere mit Klaus Mann beendet ist und ich gab damit auch . der Hoffnung Ausdruck, dasB aomlLt auch unsere^'Affaere'^ beendet -^z zumal sie Ja eigentlich nie eine Affaere war. Ich ging
dann noch auf einen Punkt ein, der mir schon seit Monaten auf dem Herzen liegt.
Wie Ihnen erinnerlich ist, fragte ich Sie Im Auftrag meiner Freunde damals, ob Sie diese gev^lssen Beschuldigungen oder Behauptungen zuruecknehmen wollTeh. Sie lehnten das damals ab, zumindest dem Sinne nach lehnten Sie es damals ab, wir wollen uns Jetzt nicht ifi-öÄt' ^Formulierungen streiten. Spaeter hoerte ich durch Dritte etwa folgende Formulierungen: Schwarz echlld geht in New York herum und sagt, Klaus Mann sel^ ein Stalin Agent. Ich konnte schnell feststellen, dass ich die sogenannte Basis dieses Tratsches war, Ncemlich dadurch, dass ich auf- tragsgemaess meinen Auftraggebern Klaus Mann und Manfred Georg, vor allen Dingen Klaus Mann von Ihrer Weigerung einer Zurui^eck- nahme Mitteilung gemacht hatte. Ich hice, wo Ich immer konnte, sowohl bei K^aus Mann, als auch bei Dritten sogleich klarge« legt, dass Sie nichts dergleichen zu mir gesagt ha/tten und dass eine Antwort auf eine Frage oder die Ablehnung einer Zu- ruecknahme Ja schllev<^sllch in Wahrung berechtigter Ij^teressen erfolgt sei und keineswegs eine neue Beleidigung, Verleumdung oder wie Immer man es nennen wolle, darstelle. Sie werden ver- stehen, was ich meine, obwohl ich das sehr schlecht formuliert habe. Dies schrieb ich Ihnen damals, d.h. kurz nachdem mir das Geruecht zu Ohren kam, weil ich mir dachte, dasJ^' es vielleicht
nuetzllch fuer Sie sein wuerde, etwas schwarz auf weiss In
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Haenden zu haben, falls In Irgendwelcher spaeteren Zukunft einmal Irgendjemand alte Tratschereien auffrischen sollte.
Ich hoffe zuversichtlich, dass dieser Brief nicht verloren geht und bin mit besten Qj^uessen fuer Sie und Ihre Frau Ge- mahlin
Ihr
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^""Wation
• FIFTY-FIVE FIFTH AVENUE • NEW YORK CITY •
October 3, 1940.
Dear Mr. Schwarzschild:
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A few days ago Klaus and told me that you had accused hlm, bo in Paris and by word of mouth here.ln N^: Comrannist and, indeed, of being a ^ommun seemed very much distressed and asked me or speak to you, I have, of course, no cept hls ^w» report, but I do want to ex that such charges, if, indeed, you made And in these days charges of Communlsm c consequences to the person so characterl
Mann called on me th in the Tagebuch w York, of being a ist agent. He
if I would write facts to go on ex- press my own belief them, are unjustified. an bring about serious zed.
It is true enough that Klaus Mann was sympathetie with the Communlsts before Munich, particularly in the more hopeful days of the Populär Front* Since th ; vvar be- gan he has been entirely devoted to an unceasing attack on the Nazis and to unqualified support of the struggle against Hitler. He has lectured and written and has at no time as far as I know deviated from this position - the exact opposite of the line consistently foliowed by the Communlsts.
I am telling you all this because I feel quite sure that you would not want to do him an injustice. If you have n^^t spoken of him in the terms he quoted to me I hope you will excuse and ignore this letter.
There is enough factionalism and animosity among refugees and persons who should be fighting on the same side itfL the same cause and I surely do not want to contribute to it. I shall not speak of this matter to anyone eise.
I want to add, however, for your own Infor- mation that the entire initiative in behalf of securing your Visa was taken by Tnomas Mann in consultatlon with Klaus and Erika. This I know since it was Thomas Mann himself who tele- graphed me from California asking that I use what influence I had to assist him in procuring your admission to the United States.
We are looking forv/ard to your article on the House of Rothschild.
With best wishes.
Sincerely yours.
Mr. Leopold Schwarzschild, Hotel Colonial New York City.
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Lieber, liobßter Bruno i''ronk,
Ihr Brief hat lalc:- tief geruehrt ,-wosGn de' Oefuchle, fuer die er zeu,:;t,und nuoh^weil er mir Cielegenheit ßibt, einen i^'ehler,den ich Ihnen gegenueber besannen habe, zuzugeben und v/idor gut 7.U ranclien.Ich v/erde davon spaetor spreonen und hoffe nur, dass der Teufel der unbewohnten r.chreibmnschine nicht die Stiraiae des Kerzons erdrosseln wird, ^
Aber vor den Dingen, die in der "Vercnncnnhoit liegen, v/ill icf-
ich von der Geschichte neuen Dnturas sprechen, die Ihnen zugetragen worden ist. Es ist Ihnen zut;otrngon v/orden -wir worden daruebor sprechen ,von v/ein,- dass ic)^ nach mein r Ankunft in New- York inbezug auf gewisse rorsonen eine v/onoeglicu noch vehementere Haltung; eingenonnen haette nls fruehor,eine crsoiireokende Haltung, Und Sie sagen, dass an der Ilachrichten daruebor leider wenig Zweifel moefelioh sei. Ich aber snge Dmen: nicht nur ist ein Zweifel luoeglich und in manchen j:'a eilen sog-r unorlaesslich, sondern in dierem /all hat man Cio einfach angelogen, Ob de:' Luegner Ihr direkter Informator war oder ob Ihr Informator (odor der Plural davon) auch seinerse ts nur wie' er benutzt worden ist : Jedenfalls ist gelogen worden.
Und damit Sie sich dns besL^er vorstellen koennen^will ich Ihnen cnllein,zuiTi ersten i'al und nur Ihnen, eine Geschichte
erzaehlen. <
Ich kam Ir^i/ Nev/yorker Hafen an und fuhr zunaechst fuer eine V.oohe aufs Land, in eine vollkommene A.ngeschlocsenhoit .In dieser Zeit habe ich, ausser Kosten, nicht einen eizigen aelteren Amerika-V/eiler gesprochen, Am 21, September kam ich .lungfrauelich nach Newyork, und das erste, was mich via meinen Bruder empfing, v/ar ein Schreiben
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aus dem Kreis der Leitunf; einer grossen juerUsohen Orf;anisation, dass man mir etwas fuer mioh ./iohtiges mitzut -ilen habe..;aß kam heraus?Folfiendes :
Man inforniore mich, dass, nnch sicheren Nachrichten, von kommunistischer Geite beschlossen worden soipmich sozial, admini- strativ und professionell nach aller LToeglichkeit zu diskreditieren. Hin habe das zuerst nicht besonders ernst genommen. Aber nun sei man auf ein erstes Attentat gnstossen,das auf ueble i'ortsetzungen schliessen lasse. Der Vertetor der Organisation, die bei bostirruutenp genau bezeichneten Pehoerden vortraiilich zugozoGen v/^d/,habe dort eine Karthotekkarte auf meinen Namen gezeigt bekommen, mit der Frage, ob er etv/ns Naeheres ueber mich wisse.. ^uf der Karte - wenige Tage nach meiner Ankunft J- sei eingetragen gev/esen: "Bekannter und besonders raffinierter kommunistischer Agitator." Diese EintrÄgung sei jetzt dank der Interv^mtion der Orgrnisation i0f^^ annulliert , ihretwegen brauche ich mir keine Sorge mehr zu
machon. Aber man kenne den Vigilanten,auf den sie zurueckgehe. Er sei bei joner juedischen Stolle laengst r.lc ein verkappter kommunis-
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tischer Agent bekannt, der aber merk\*/uerdlgerv;eise nicht zu beseitigeni
man
sei. Und nach dieser so prompten Ouvortuere muesso doch Weiteres erwarten und wolle micli wnrnen.Basta,
Ich erzaehle Ihnen diese beschichte nicht, weil ich sie fuer aussergewoohlich halt e.Keinesv/egs. V/er mit diesen Leuten je zu tun hatte, weir-s, dass sie vollkommen der Norm entspricht. Ich erzaehle es Ihnen, weil das, was man Ihnen berichtet hat^ ganz einfach zu
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dem "V/eiteren, da. man erv/arteb muss",gehoert.
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Ich will kurz sein.
Nach meinem Einzug in die City habe ich mit drei
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doss es friedllc].,unbedrohllclL und mitnichten vehement und er- schreckend wnr.Aber unter den Dreien - den Einzieen,mit deonon ich uoberhoupt uobor das Themn sprnoh,- muco es den oder jenen geßeben hoben, der gerade dns nicht wollte. Dieser begann (oder diese becsnneb) Briefe herumzusclireiben und zu telefonieren.Und die ersten Resultate dieses ersten Versuchs zur sozialen und professionellen Anschwaerzung - nacl. der administrativen - liegen ' vor. Sie liegen nicht nur vor in ("rostalt Ihres Brief es, Gie liegen vor in Gestalt eines Briefes der Kernusgeberin der "Nation" Freda Kirchvvey,don ich Ihnen beilege, Sie liegen vor in Gestalt eines beispiellosen Briefes des Mister ialph Nunborg, dessen letzte Seite ich Ihrem ganz bcsom'eren Gtudlun empfehle, nicht nur v/eil ae von einer f - st koraischen Niedertracht ist, sondern weil sie ein ganzes Programm vvlcerspiegolt,Und sicher liegen Sie vor in Gestalt anderor Schreiben und 'M</ rJundGChrciben,dio ich niclit kenne. Es ist wie man so sagt, eine Kampagne, bei de"' man ^
so oft nicht v;eißS,v/or nls Schieber oder Geschobener, als Luegner oder Belogener iiitnncht ,3n ist nur eine Miniaturkara- pagne,aber in meiner lan^i;j<: ehrigen '.^Irfahrung mit diesen Strategen habe ich rls Betroffener und Nichtbotroffener Miniaturkajnpagnen ebenso haeufig gesehen wie rollossMlkampr.enen. ''•
sie muensen nun nicht denken, dass ich erregt daruober bin. Ich v/ar es einmal in solchen iaelLen,dai.ials,als ich noch gruen und nniv war. Inzwischen habe ich die troostlichc Beobachtung gemacht, dass die paar r.IonschGn,auf die es einem ankommt , schlier; sl ich doch nicht beeinflusst v/erden, und dass dio Kampagne-Strategen regelmaossig dio i^Jrfolgloson sind. Und vor allem duerfen Sie nicht glauben, dass dio Art, in der ich die gnnze Geschichte hier darstelle.
3,6.
«/
die alto Schutzverbandssßche und das persoello Drum und Dran
gesprocheriiPpreohen muessen.Ioh ueberlanse es Ihrem TJrtoil,zu
verrauteriiwer von den Dreien die Quelle dessen ist,v/ao folgte
und vms nuoh Ihnen - nicht nur Ihnen, ke ine sv/eßs,- so zugetm^en
wurde, dass Sie orschreokten^Ks waren Keston,Ourt Riess und Manfred
Georg.Die beiden ersten sprachen nur zugunsten irgend einer Aus-
soehnung zwischen mir und P'vlaus Mann; sie stellten mir dar, dass, er,
v;enn er je pro-rursisoh war, inzwischen lacncst rasend und publik
das Gegenteil bekenne.Der Dritte dehnte das 0-loiche auch nuH sich
aus. Und v;as liabe ich darauf geantwortet? Genau das Gegenteil von
dem, was man Ihnen gesagt hat , mindestens inbezug auf die Gegenwart.
Denn ich habe, in der Gubstanz zu allen gleich, zv/ischen Gegenv/art
und Vergangenheit getrennt. Ich sagte jedem, dass ich seit vielen,
vielen Monaten v/eder von Klnus ?/;ann noch von ärn anderen unsres
amerikanischen Kreises auch nur eine l-ieile gelesen, noch irgend
etwas uober ihn gehoort habe...enn er heute so sei,v;ie ot: beschrieben
wird,umro besser und willkommener. Das erledige die alten Geschichten
umso vollstaendiger,und ich sei gerne bereit, mich mit ihm zu
zu treffen, ihm die Hand zu geben, mich mit ihm aussprechen und was nicht
s
onst noch. Die alto /ohdc sei dann gegenstan(]slos,gan7, zu schweigen
davon, dass ich ueberhaupt nicht in dr.r Stimraung und mit dem Ruestzeug ,das zur Woiterfuehrung solcher i^'ehdc^n notwendig waere,nach /urierika gekommen bin. Nur wenn von mir erwartet oder verlangt werde, dass ich irgend eine Revokation inbezug auf die Vergangenheit ausspreche, dass ich damals inbezug auf damals unrecht gehabt oder ein Unrecht begangen habe: dazu freilich sei icli nicht bereit. Denn abgesehen
davon, dass das Geschehene Ja doch nicht melir ungeschehen zu machen
»
ist, sei ich ueberzeugt, damals kein Unrecht begangen zu haben.
Das war es ,was ich jedem der Dreie sagte, und Sie sehen,
l
4. schliesslich doch auf die Degierde nach neuen Kraempfen und auf die Anfaellißkeit dafunr schliernon Irisse. Lieber Gott,v/enn ich glauben soll,dass die KozItd heute ueberhaupt noch bekaempft werden muessen - und unsere deutschen, die veraechtlichsten^insbeson- dere,ßo bin ich doch von der PTeinunf^ abgewichen, dass das mit geistigen Kitteln geschehen kann.D?5gegen sind die Leute immun, es ist ausschliesslich eine Sache der Kegiorungsgev/alt.jAusserdem, selbst wenn ich wollt e,koennte ich nur dann kaompfen,v/enn ich in meinen eignen Ilaenden die dafuer unorlaessliche lVaffe,die eigne, mir jederzeit zur Verfue^^ung stehende Zeitschrift haette.Ich nenne kaempfen nicht das muendliche Iierumschwaet7.en,oäer das gelegentliche Abladen einer aufgespeicherten Sntruestung in einem fremden Blatt, in dem ich auf die unausbleiblich)^j?( folgenden Rache- und Antworttuecken nicht mit Sicherheit v/erde antworten koennen.Noin,aus jedem erdenklichen Grund ist die Zeit,inj2( der ich mich mit unseren deutschen Rotnazis , Kot-Unternazis, herum- schlug, vorbei. Das soll Ihnen ganz 'rlar sein,imd ich glaube, dass wir damit das i nach meiner Ankunft in /-jnerika spielende Kapitel abschliessen koennen.
Bleibt etwas anderes: die Affaere irri letzten Oktober oder
November,
Lassen 8ie mich da gleich s* gen, dass ich in grossem
Unrecht war, auf Ihr Telegramm nicht zu ant v/orten. Ich habe zwar dac getan, was oie in Ihrem T(^legramm verlangten rieh habe nichts mehr ueber die "r^chutzvorbandssache gebracht; sie war uebrigens ja auch zu Ende. Aber ich haette Ihnen antworten sollen. Dass ich es nich* tat, hatte seinen fr rund in einem i«'ehler,d6r nun wieder auf Ihrer '
Seite liegt .V/enn ::;ie das Telegrairim heute nachlesen, werden Sie entdecken, dass Ihr Zureden und Ihre Deschwoerung begleitet war
5.
von einer Drohunc:von der Drohung, dass Cie und alle Ihre i.''reundo Jeden Verkehr mit mir abbrechen vmordon,v/enn ich etwas v/eitores ueber die Sache broeohtclch war damals wild erbittert auf alles, v;as irgendwie auch nur von ferne an das Thema Kommunismus streifte, wegen des Pakts, wegen der schamlosen Art seiner Verfechtung durch die Konjuengels,und wegen der Internierungen, deren damaliggc erste Welle hauptsnechlich mit der Tommunistenjagd zusammenhing. Und zu oft hatte ich jede Art von Bedrohung mit jeder Art von Schaden und Verfolgung als koromunistischoB Deeinflussungs-Mittel angewandt gesehen, als dass sich nicht die Idee hinzugesellt haette,dass Sie ausserdem auch noch von dieser Seite nissbraucht worden seien, .ie dem auch sei:der Eindruck der Bedrohung wirkte auf mich als eine Kraenkung,ich gestehe :als eine Treulosigkeit, und ich verbockte, Ich haette besser verstehen sollen, driss es keine Drohung, sondern Warnung darstellen sollte. Ich haette mehr an den üensclien hinter den 'Porten denken sollen,als mich von Eindruck der .Vorte meistern zu lassen. Ich haette auf jeden x^^all schreiben sollen, sei cc sogar im Zorn, Aber ich war stoerrisch, und als ich - die Sache beschaef- tigte mich immer wieder,das ist selten,»- richtiger ueber sie zu urteilen begann, empfand ich den Anschluss als versaeurat.Es war dumm,
0
ich machte es schlecht \ind ich danke Ihnen, doss Sie darueber hinweggleiten.
Aber nicht nur ueber diesen Cpezialpunkt ,das Telegramm, rauessen wir uns aussprechen, wenn wir rotrorpektiv v;erdon. Sondern da sind nocli die anderen :die Sache des Schutzverbands im allgemeinen und - in der Vergangenheit - <:er i'>.ll Klaus M^nn im beconderen.
Lassen Hie raicfi mit
zweiten dem ii^ii,^,ii anfangen
Ich weiss
nicht genau, wns Sie an dem '.ort "Sowjetagent" besonders negntiv
6. beruehrt.Es ist^nehrae ich an, nicht dr.s,was der Nunberg, bei dem sogar dor öohaedel ein Platt fusß lst,fuor das Kriterium liaelti naemlicl; dass ein Agent Geld fuer r.cine Taetigkeit orhaelt. loh glaube mich zwar zu erinnern, dass in dem fraglichen Artikel auö- druocklich definiert v/rr,dass ein Agent bezahlt oder unbezahlt sein koenne^Aber ich leugne gar nicht^^?f^^ ueberzougt zu sein,dass
Klaus Mann f^ von soinor Pro-ßowjettaetigkeit materielle Vorteile
hat gehabt und erklaere,dass ich dns fuer hoechst uninteressant halte,
Wir alle leben von de-^m^v/as wir tun,muessen davon leben/vVenn Thomas
Mann in der Gity-IIall fuer die i?^reiheit Propaganda macht , bekommt
eridafuer 15oo Dollar, die Bezahlung ist nicht ehrenruchrig und moin
lang ganzes bevmsstes Leben habe ich niemals an den Spiessbuerger-Instinkt
apelliert, , jemand seine Bezahlung zum Vorwurf zu machen. Niocht einmal in meiner bittersten jehde mit Feuchtv/anger habe ich, obwohl es bequem gev/esen v/aere und obwohl er es in seinem erwaehnten Instinkt zu wittern glaubte, die enormen, obwohl nnders frisierten Summen auch nur er\'vraehnt ,die er fuer seine Moskau-Gcheisse tatsaechlich bekommen hat •Nicht ob jemand etwas kriegt kennzeichnet seine Agent en-Eigonschaft, sondern was er tut, fuer wen und wie. Ein Schrift- steller ist fuer mich ein Oowjetagent ,wenn er kein Betrachter i^i
m
mehr ist, sondern v/enn er coute q.ue coute das schreibt, was die Sov/jets gerohriebon vmonsohen;und dass er das tut ist bewiesen, sobald er zum ersten Mal orweislioh luogt.Mun ,ich habe schon ' 1958 in einem Erika und Klaus Mann-Buch eine Stelle gefunden, in
t
/ der 7.ucunoton der Sov/Jets gl^tt geloßen war. loh habe das der Erika damals ßezei,^t,und sie hat nichts anderes darauf zu sagen gehabt als dass sie die Stelle nicht geschrieben habe, sie gar nicht kenne, und das von Klaus kemme. Darauf sagte ich Ihr schon damals, 1930 :"nun, dann ist tlor Klaus eben ein Sow.-)etagent,und mir soll er nicht mehr
I I
/•
7.
*
kommerit?'. h's war fuer mich der definitive Beweis fuer etwas ^v/as ich lange vermutet hatte «Es bedurfte nicht cHeaes Briefes ueber den
Stalin-IIitler-Pakt|Um es mir zu beweisen jaber es bedurfte dieses Brief es, um es im Tagebuch drucken zu lassen, -und ich glaube sogar, dnss selbst ohne meine aus frueheron uellen geschoopfte,)/^^/ fertige lleinung der Brief so dick vmr,dass er nur muehselig anders interpretiert v/erden kann als dass in ilim einauf coute que coute ^ fuer die Gov/jots agitierender Verfasser spricht,- odor bessser ;sprach-
i\
Seine Substanz - v/as wissen v/ir kleinen Leute von der Weltgeschichte
// und von den geheimen Plaenen des grossen Stalin''- war nicht nur
groeblicher Schwindel ira ITunde eines Autors, der jahrelang so
genau um die eltgeschichte bis nach Spanien hin Bescheid gewusst
•gekannt und alles, was im Kopfe Gharaberlalns und Hitlers vorging, y^/^t^j^f^j^^jf/
hatte «Abgesehen von dieser unraoeglich bona fldej zu nennenden Flucht hinter die eigne Nullitaet war os einfach das mot-d*ordre- Schema saemtlicher Koaskribenten von Timbuktu bis Alaska, einge- schlossen ICausWanns engereij^ Kollegen im damaligen Brief esohrieiben* Niemand kann mir einreden^dass die Identaet dieser These, konstatierba ueberall in der V/elt und daher auf eine zentrale consigne zurueckge- ^ hend,nur ausgerechnet im i?'alle Kl^nis Manns in seinem eignen, unab- haengigen Oeist erv/achsen wSei,Und warum war es unrichtig, seine, v/ie Sie sagen, sehr v/uerdlge Antwort nicht abzudrucken? Auch davon, von Antv/orten, erhielt ioh mehrere, mit denen ich ein halbes Heft haette f uellen koennen^/uch bei diesen war diese vollkommene Identitaet feststellen, indem naemlioh alle Nachdruck darauf legten, dass ihre Verfasser i)nie zur kommunistischen Partei ghoert haetten und b) auch gegen Russland da und dort etwas gesagt hr etten.AOLs ob nicht gerade dies seit mindestens 1937 geradezu die Bedingung und Vorschrift fuer Sowjet-Propagandisten wa er e, naemlioh eben keine
I I
ö 0 . ► <
Portelmitglieder zu sein, und in die ueberwiG^onde Bejahunc da und dort nuch einmnl einen ge^lf^sen Prozentsntz Vernoinunc cinfliessen . zu lassen, -frueher 5^a, spaeter 10-', heute vielleioht bis zu 5o-'j,
f
* I
man wird bescheidener, Ist das vmerdiß,(Ten Leser an der Nase herum-
zufuehron und ihm zum zehtausendsten I!nl gerade die charakteristi-
r.uende "*
sehen Elemente der UMÜtiU --^Is P.ewoise der Reinheit vorzufu ehren.'
Ich sage Ihnen, Bruno rrank, ich hnette dienen typischen Brief ,
den ich so aehlich schon oft orapfancen und hnuefiger noch ander-
v/aerts gelesen habe, unraoeglioh abdrucken koennen,oiine gerade
dos in einer Nachccnrift sehr deutlich zu sagen, -denn man hat
nicht nur eine Verpflichtung gegen Freunde, Freunde ^or^ einst , Freunde
von morgen, sondern nuch gegen sich selbst, die L^tarbelter und
Leser. Ich fuerchte,Ihr V/unsch,die ;:.-ache zu beenden, waere damit
nicht erfuollt gev/esen. ,,
Nun, das ist Vergangenheit. Ich habe es gebeert und
*
akzeptiert. Ich bin froh, es zu akzeptieren.
Koranen wir zu de: anderen Vergangenheit , dem Gehutzverband.
Ich muss zuerst sagen, dass ich keine leiseste Ahnung
hatte, doss Sie dem Verband angohocren, geschweige neinera Vorstand.
Aber ich bin ueberhaupt kein Exporte fuer Vereine, die sich 3000
Fieil' n von mir weg befinden,- und damit korrane ich zu einem anderen
als Punkt. Was ich veroeff entlichte, war positiv nichts eine Reproduktion ,
fast durchv.eg woertlich, von Dingen, di.; auf amerikanischem Boden, ;
in Nev/york,in der "Neuen Volkszeitung" erschienen waren, Ihabo nie
verstanden und verstehe offengestanden auch heute noch nicht, warum
die"Denunziation"und die Gefaehrdung von dem kontinentv/eit -ntf ernten
Pariser Blatt begangen worden sein soll, nachdem alle, die ein Intere-
se an der Sache haben konnten, schon ■.ochen vorher dn Ort und
s
Stelle in Newyork dasselbe zu lesen bekommen hatten. Ich konnte und
I I
t • f
0.
t
kann auch nicht verstehen, warum ich -fjerade v/eil es sich uri eine unter amerikanlrchen Bet^riffen so kitzliche L^ache handelte,- die dessonungeaohtot erfolgte Frontalattaoko der ''Volkszeitung'* nicht fuer fundiert haette halten sollen. Und icli konnte und kann noch irmrier nicht begreif en,Wfirum d s Nachspiel der eventuellen Kepliken, Berichticun^jen und V.iderrufe gerade in Paris haette vor sich gohon sollen und nicht in Nev.york, im l'agebuch st^tt in der Volkszeitune, V/enn dort eine Revokation oder irgend etv/as aehnliches erfolgt waere und es v/aere mir eigesfmdt v/orden,so haette ich es gewiss gebracht .Abor v/io kann ich,rhiroh h'ntfornung und Krieg an Jeder Enquete verhindr^rt^die trotz und wegen ihrer Unterricht etheit an der Sache festhaltende Volkszeitung ploetzlich als eine Verleuraderin zu betrachten und zu behandeln vorpflichtet sein?
Der Schutzverband ist aufgeloest ,und umsomehr ist die Geschichte Vergangenheit .aber aus v;elchein letzten und auesseren Anlnss er auch nufgeloest vmrdo,oder aus v/elchem G-runde Ihhre Trennung von Durchlaucht Loev/enstein stattfand: die Tatsache besteht, dass .'ie und Thomas Mann und violleiclit einige andere sich nicht mehr v;ohl in der G-esellschaft befanden,- und ist os v/irklich el^
• * .
Zufnlljdass Sie sich gerade in der Gesellschaft ,die ich Sowjetagente^
genannt hatte, sei es auch aus ganz anderen Gruenden nicht mehr wohl fuf^hlten konnten? Glauben ''ie wirklich,dass die Gruendc meiner Abneigung und die Gruende Ihrer Abneigung ganz getrennt von einander sind, und dcss nicht doch ein tieferer Zusainienlu^ng zv/isohen ihnen besteht ? Meine Erfahrung ist,dass die Sowjetl.^ute durch das Syctoia so durch und durch depraviert werden, dass ein anstaendiger
«?
Iv
lensch immer, und sei es aus einem scheinbar noch so entlegenen
Anlass, nicht mehr weiter mit ihnen fortfahren kann: und man kann
das umkehren und sagen, dass wenn man in gewissen Zirkeln mit
dem und Jenem aus irgendwelchem Grund einfach nicht mehr fortfahren
I t I t
/
10, kann, immer eine gronse VahrBcheinlichkeit dafuor beDtoht.daGB der L'nnn ein Sov/jet-Depravierter ist.V.'onn Sie sich die brrotloce Muehe mac:ien,Ihre Trennuricen und neine "Denunziationen" zu Ende zu annlysiei«en,so v/erden Gie frueher oder spaotor violleicht noch die i'Jntdeck-ung machen, doss es sich ura keine zufacilige Koinzidenz handelt, sondern dass das ^anzo „oh und ..oh, so tausendfach, aus einem Punkte zu dozieren ist,
Sie sogen mir ferner - und damit beende ich duchdas
_ »•
zweite unr,rer beiden retrospektiven Themen, das Thema Schutzvorbnnd. dass der Vorein
in seiner ganzen ooffentlichen Taetiglcoit nie eine anfechtbr.re Äusserung getan hat. Daran eTkenne ich meinen Bruno i'rank,naoraioh den Aristokrat alter Schu2;;fe,der den Kniffen der modernen kollekt,ivir.toischen Prax5;s rnit antiker Naiv*taet ge^-enuebersfeeht , Gott sei Dank. Das ist e?cn langes Kapitel, und ich kann es hier nur streifen. Aber glauben ::.ie mir, der :'echanisraus dieser Dinge ist ein andrer als r.ie glaijiben.Die ährheit ist, dass das Moskauer Interesse an einem Ver'ciand dieser Art heutrutage v/eniger ein Interesse an der Verbaiidstaotigiceit ist als ^n der „irktmg auf das auRser-verbandlich<> Yerha,\tGn der Mitglieder ;und wenigger an
i'
der Pro-Aktivltret,als ajh detr Verhinderung von Conta-Aktivitaet, Was haben die Leute von einem solchen Etcblissemnt? Gev/iss auch
t
einmal eine"Resolution" in^. Saphon fipanien oder dergleichen, -vms dann nicht"Politik", sondern"', eltnnschauung",'.;ichtiger schon ist die Verhinderung von Resolutionen in Sachen Russlandjvms dann nicht .Veltansohuung, sondern Politik ist. Aber das v/irklich interensante an einem solchen Club ist erstens, dass die .genten
durch die Glubgemeinschaf-ti mit den Niohtagenten sozusagen in
/ a«i Besitz eines v/eiteren Unbedenklichkeit c- und Gleiohortig^keits-
attestes gingen, dass also /cis'piolsweiso fuer ilerzfelde die
\
•a?t
11 •
ClubgernGinnohaft
belspiolsv/oiso riit Bruno /ranlc and tho liko ein rosohorzettol ist,
der Ihrri canz ausserhalb ('os Clubs allos moceiliclie erleichtert. Dr.^; ist
No.l. Dor zv.oite intoressante Vunkt ist^dass die Clubcemeinschaft
natuerlich gewisse l'einnunßon da^^egen schr.rft ,dQss Mitglied A
Clubs
ausserhalb des ceQou irgend otv/as auftritt, v/ns :'iteliec' B }SjM/'M
ebenfalls ausserhalb cU^s Clubs
treibt, schreibt, redet ; die loyale /bnoicung der Loyalen ßeßen
Unkolleginlitr-ot »Unfrieden, 'Tprltunß" sichert die /gonton in hohem \
0
Grad f:;eßen UnannelualiO(jkeiton von Hoiten derer, die dn und fuer sich \
i
ir
am neusten von ihnen vdrsen und dprinn am ntoerdendston sein
#
koennten. Per dritte l-unkt ist der, dass man /.^ durch die Existenz
f.
des Clubs die Ileoclic. Iceit gov/innt,bei Unannel irrai chice 1 ton von aussen die imnnlailaton 'itglieder fuer die nalailic^.rten eintreten zu lassen, ') teils v/eil diese v/iederuin kollegial sind-^eils v/oil sie auf den Club, dessen IJitglied sie nun oininal sind und von den sie besch\;oe?r'0n koenncn,dass in iim doch car nichts g;oschieht,auch i : eiGnen Intere- sse nicl^ts komiaen lassen wollen, o funktioniert d- s,üoitd()m die Zeiten vorbei sind, in denen die icoininuniatischen /v(;;itatoren "Is ?:orninunisten auftraten, , seitdem sie in alle mooGlichon Vürkleiduntion zu schluepfen haben, sind die soßonannten "Deckungs-IContakte'' oder ''Deckungs-Kollektive'* eines Ihrer v/ichtigsten lalfsraittel, Gegen programmv/idrige Ueberraschungen dabei ist man umso mehr geschuetzt, je weniger Politik man i;-' Club selbst treibt ;/j^ und je v/eltor v/og
* » ■
die Kosoherzettel-i itglieder v/ohnen,- denn es ist zwar klar, dass in dar ''Generalversammlung" ^dem Mittel in extremen j'aellen, ohnehin Stets die vollzaohlig anruockend-^ kommandierte Kolonne die Mehr-
f
/ heit haben wird, ni cht die sporadisch erscheinenden, unorganisierten
und meist sogar ziemlich desinteressierten Individualisten; aber
even so ist es besser, -enn ciie Angeaehenoren eiter weg vom
chuss sind, Das ist dtvi' Ilochanismus, -nicht jetzt ad hoc von mir ;
JLl?ftī!EaS!EJ:
1:'. konstruiert, coiKirrn lr!cn,^ßt so analysi a-t und bekannt , Aus dionopi
f
Grund hnt die nnivo PoEtrrtellunf:,anf5S öer Vorhand doch e.ar nichta Anfeohtßbnrer> GöC^ßt hnbe,G^n7 r^ensolben Oharnkter vle die iinnaivu Vertudclunßtlch war docl' nie in der IT.TIatuorlicn.Das riußG doch
G
0 sein.IIiolit nur trotzdorn, send orn gerado dosh':lb war der Vorband
oin Dockune^ö-Kollektivjund nein Bnino Svon'k darin war ein
De okungßkont p kt •
Aber das sind mm alles Sao;en auG dar Vorßangenheit ,
#
und CS hnt v;irklici. nur einon ]iißtorlschon r.;inn,drr,s ioh so v/eitschv.'oifif: dr.rueber spreche. Ich tue es,v;oil ich v/enitjstenß einen einzigen In /uncrikn einmal Rochensohnft druoher geben v/olltc,V'le ich flio IHn^e darvls soh und ruoc:'--blickend wäiöcö weiter sehe, und wci]. d joner einr/ige nur JeLV'ncl i'>cin kamipVon derp. icli eiss^dras ccin i'unda_ment,8oin Urgrund, derselbe Ist v.ie der noino,])ns vmasto ic^'. vor Threm r^rief ,dris v/eirs icli uirisomohr nach ihn: dass ^/ir,wie i-^ner vdr eine einzclno üache beurteilen,
9
das ßleicho Fundament hfiben, Ja,ich $^ ^laubo niciit einrial,df;ss
wir einen Konflikt uobor die irronzon haben, bis zu denen laon
gehen kann, ohne das Menschliche zu verletzen.Sie wissen, dass man
nicht das Ueble treffen kann, ohne die i:enschen,die es betreiben,
mitzutreffen.Dns ist unmoeßlich.Die Gonze Differenz zvisohen uns ist .
f mnnaijirnatora ob jene I/ienschon das Uebel betrieben haben, iCs ist keine
Frage der I/.oral, sondern der Fakten.Es ist keine i'rage der Mass-
tnebe, sondern des Dincs, keine i^v^c,^- der Gesetze, rondern des
Tatbestands. Ich glaube, dass das so ist, und ich glaube zu dem
s
hochtoenendon,aber in * ahrheit bescheidenen V.ort berechtigt zu
sein, dass ioh in meiner Eigenschaft als 55ohreiber niemals etwas
so gehasst habe v/ie die Immoralitaet, dieses raebe;)ertur:i,und dass nur
•''»
1
nlles
ich reibst wei£is,vfö£3 ich f'olbst ßoaonuebor meinen i'^oindon nus eben diesem Crrund unijennct \md im^et! n gclasson hnbo.Abor v/onn Sie trotzdon Gorße empf indem, .^iorj^c um mloh und in diocGia Punkt, so kann ioh Ihnen zwar k^ino anrfmtioen ceben,abGr ioh kann Ihnon, nicht ßekr? enkt,nonc1orn ^teohrt durch Ilire ".ort^o,nur r,atien:i''uehlen Sic sioli r^ichor.Dn v/ird nichts ;^oBcliB)ien.Ich v/eiss zu (••ut,\/ie ich
beschaffen bin.
Lassen :':.io mich dnrriit sohliesscn.Icli koonnte niuiiMmiii noch von lair er%aohlen,-von meiner goeenv/n ort igen .:iituation,die gar nicht dr-naoh auL>r.ioht, vorerst ,^1:- ob ich'Tuer .ichtie^es aufgehoben'' noi rniomancl scheint mich irr: Auconbllok wichtig zu nehmen, r;ur v/eltor ^'lur kein Verleger, koin /v?;ent,kein nichts. /ber der Brief ist lange genug ,hat mir die Chren lange genug voll- geklappert und wird :3ie beim Lesen Imgo genug hinhalten.
. no setze iO'. c'en Punkt»
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Lieber, liobstor Bruno j''rnnk,
Ihr Brief hnl- mic.i tief neruehrt ,~v/et;on dor Cxofuohle, fuer die er 7,eu/t,und auch, weil er mir (ioleconhoit gibt, einen Fehlor,clen ich Ihnen cef^enuober begprij-en habe, zuzugeben und Wider gut zu ranohen.Ich v/orde davon spaotor cpreohen un^ hoffe nur, daso der Teufel der uncewohnten Schreibmnsohine nicht die Stimme dos lIor2,ens erdrosseln wird.
^'
Aber vor den Dinf;on,dio in dor 'VertT;nn{3cnhoit ließen, will ioj
■4. «^
J
ich von der Geschichte neuen Datumr. sprechen, die Ihnen zugetragen worden ist, Es int Ihnen zuKetraßon v/ordon -wir werden daruebor
.... •
■ sprechen ,von wem,- dasc ich ntich raein.-.r Ankunft in Now-York In^ozuß auf gewisse Personen eine womooßlioh noch vehementere Kaitung eingenomnon haette als fruehcr,oine erschreckende Haltung. ITnd r>ie sagen, dnss an dor Nachrichton daruebor leider v;enis Zweifel mooölioh Moi.Ioh abor sage Ihnen: nicht nur ist ein Zweifel mooglich und in manchen Foellon sogor unerlaessllch, sondern
I %
in dier.era I-'all hat man ;io einfach angelogen. Ob der Luogne?:- -Ihr direkter Informator war oder ob Ihr Informator (oder der Plural davon) auch seinerseits nur v/ieder benutzt worden ist : JodonfallB
. • ■■..'.
ist gelogen worden, '
' ■ Und damit Sie sich das besaer vorstellen koennen,will ich Ihnen allein, zum ersten i'.^nl und nur Ihnen, eine Geschichte
I I
erzaehlen. . . . ■ ,.. •
loh kam iio/i Ilew^rorkor Hafen an und fulir zunaechst fuer eine--
Woche aufs Land, in eine vollkommene Angesohlossenhoit,In dieser Zeit *•
habe ich, ausser Kosten, nicht einen eizigon aclteren Amerika-Weiler
gesprochen. Am ?,l.r.eptombor kam ich jungfrauolich nach Newyork, >
V 1
A
und den erßte,v/aB mich via mol^wi^Prudor'e^^
.1. ■!
•i.. . .jk <
«•♦<
•1l f
l..
the Leo IJ-.:-.. ..: li^- --'
\' .'^"va li
- I
:.. -.7 lorK
2. aus dem Kreis der Leltunf^ einer grosoen Juodisohon Organisation, dass man mir etv/ns fuer mioh Vichtigos mit7,utellon hQbe,;Vas kam herau8?Folgondes :
Man informiere mich^dnss nnch sicheren Nachricht en von
koimnuniotischor Seite honohlooson worden sei, mioh sozial ^ndmini-
■ .. »
ßtrativ und professionell nach aller Moegliohkeit zu diskreditieren. Mb habe das zuerst nicht besondors ernst gcnorsnien.Aber nun sei man.
*
auf ein erstes Attentat Gostossen^das auf uoble Fortootzungen sohliessen lasse, Der Vertoter der Organifcation,die bei boßtimmten, genau bezeichneten Behoerden vertraulich zugezogen w^*rd/,habe dort eine Kart bot ekkarte auf meinen Nnmon ge^el^t bekommen, mit der Frage, ob er etv/as Naeheros ueber mich v/iose.Auf der Karte - wenige Tage nach meiner Ankunft J- sei eingetragen gewoaon: "Bekannter und be.'-onciers raffinierter kommunistischer Agitator." Diese Eintragung sei jetzt dank dor Intorvr.ntion der Organisation il^j^i^)^ annulliert, ihretwegen brauclio loh mir keine Sorge mehr au
, machon. Aber rann kenne den VigilnntGn,nuf don sie zurueokgohe. Er sei
\' bei joner Juediochon ntolle laongst als ein verkappter konijiunls- ....
tischer Agent bekannt, der nbor morkwuGrdigorwoiso nicht zu beseitige»
man |
sei. Und nach dieser so prompten Ouvortuere muesße doch V/eiteres . '*
erwarten und wolle mioh wnrnen.Basta."
', • • ' ' * ■
loh erzaohle Ihnen diese Hoschichto nicht, weil ich sie
fuer aussergewoohlich lifilte.Koinesv;egs. V/er mit diesen Leuten Je zu
tun hatte, weif's, dass sie vollkommen dor Norm entspricht. loh erzaehle -
er Ihnen, v/eil dns, was man Ihnen berichtet hot, ganz einfach zu
dem "V/eiteren, dn. man ei-v/artot rauoß",gehoert.
Ich will kurz, sein.
Nach moinom Einzug in die City habe ich mit drei
/
Leuten - und mit allon riuf3Schliosslich auf deren Initiative/- ueber
die alte Cchutzverbandssnohe und das porcoolle ünm und Dran gesprochen, sprechen muesnon.Ich ueberlaose es Ihrem Urteil, zu vermuten, wer von den Dreien die Ouelle dessen iot^v/ae folgte und was nuoh Ihnen - nicht nur Ilinen,koinecv/ocß,- so zugetragen wurde, dacs Sie orschreckten.Es waren Kosten, Gurt RieBS und Manfred . Georg. Die beiden orr>ton sprachen nur r.uf^unston irgend einer Aus-
0 *
soehnung zwischen mir und Klaus Wann; sie stellten mir dar,dQDS,er, v/enn er je pro-russisoh war, inzwischen laongst rasend und publik das Gegenteil bekonno.Dor Dritte dohnte das Gleiche auch auf sich aus. Und was habe ich darauf geantwortet? Genau das Gegenteil von dem, was man Ihnen gesagt hat , mindestens inbezug auf die Gegenwart«
«
Denn ich habe, in der Cubstanz zu allen gleich, zv/ischon Gogonv/art
und Vergangenheit getrennt. Ich sagte Jodom,dnss ich seit vielen,
vielen Monaten weder von Klaus I/1ann noch von dnn anderen unsres
amerikanischen Kreises auch nur eine l'.eile Gelesen, noch Irgend
etwas uober ihn pehoort habo*v;enn er heute so sei, wie es beschrieben
v(ird,umso besser und willkommener »Das erledige die alten Geschichten
umso vollstaendiger,und ich sei gerne bereit, mich mit ihm z]U v
zu treffen, ihm die Hand zu r:eben,mich mit ilira aussprechen und was nicht
sonst nochtDie alte Kohdo sei dann G9Cönstanc3slos,ganz zu schweigen
davon, dass ich uoberhaupt nicht in der- Ütimraung und mit dem Ruestzeug
4
,das zur Weiterfuehrung solcher Fehdon notwendig waore,nach Amerika . gekommen bin.Nur wenn von mir erwartet oder verlangt werde, dass ich irgend eine Revokation inbezug auf die Vergangenheit ausspreche, dass '. Ich damals inbezug auf damals unrecht gehabt oder ein Unrecht begangen haberdazu f roilich sei icli nicht bereit. Denn abgesehen davon, daso das Geschehene Ja doch niolit molir ungescliehen zu machen ist, sei ich ueberzougt, damals kein Unrecht begangen zu haben. \
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Das war es ,was ich jodora dor Dreie sagte, und Sie sehen.
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er-
dass es friedlich, unbedrohlich und mitnichten voliement und schreckend wnr.Abor unter don Dreien - den I'Jinzigon.mit deenen loh uoberhQupt uobor das Thona sprach,- muco es den oder Jonen gegeben haben, der gerade das nicht wollte. Diener begann (oder diooe beganneb) Briefe horurazußchroibon und zu telofonieren.Und die ersten Rosultai.e dieses ersten Versuchs zur sozialen und
• • * •
professionellen Anschwaorzung - nach der administrativen - liegen vor, Sie liegen nicht nur vor in Oost^^lt Ihres Brief eo.3ie liegen vor in Gestalt eines Briefes der Ifornusgeberin der "Nation",Freda _Kirchwey,don ich Ihnen beilege, r.ie liegen vor in Gestalt eines beispiellosen Briefes dos Mister :;alph Nunberg, dessen letzte Seite ich Ihrem ganz besonderen Ctudiuin cmpfohlo, nicht nur v/eil ftö von einer fest korair>chen Niedertracht ist, sondern well sie ein ganzes Programm widerspiegelt. Und sicher liogon :Jie vor in Gestalt enderer Schreibon und '/.i^](/ nundf;chroibon,dic ich nicht konno.Es ist.
teisa=äil4iJi4^ö^
so oft nicht v/eios,v/or nln Sohiebor oder Geschobener, als Luegner oder Belogener Mitnfio>ht .Er, iot nur eine i-Iiniaturkara- pagne,aber in meiner Inngjn ehrigen :-;rfnhrung mit diesen Strategen
«
habe ich als Betroffener und TJichtbotroffonor Miniaturkampagnen ebenso hnoufig gesehen wie Kolloss?\lkampngnon.
Sie rauer.5!on nun nicht denken, dass ich erregt darucber bin. Ich war es einmal in solchen i'aellon, damals, als ich noch gruen und nniv v/rir.Inzwir.clion linbo icti die troostliclic Beobachtung gemr.cht,dass die p^nr '.;onr;chon,nuf die es oineiri ankoomt, schliesslich doch nicht beoinfluijst v;crdGn,und dann dlo Knmpagno-Strategen regelmaossig die rlrfolgloson sind. Und vor nllei.i duorfon Sie nicht glauben, dass die Art,ir, c^or ich die gr.nze Goschichte hier darstelle.
4. schliesslich doch auf die Bogierde nach neuen Kaoinpfen und auf die Anfnellißkeit dnfuer sohllesnon lacne, Lieber Gott, wenn ich glauben soll,dn8s die Kor.in heute ueberhaupt noch bekaempft werden rauesson - und unsore deutschen, die vernoohtliohsten.insbeson- dero,Bo bin ich doch von äcv reinunc abgewichen, dass das 'mit
\ •
geistigen Mitteln (geschehen knnn,Daf,egen sind die Leute immun, es Ist üussohlipsslio i eine Hache der Kngicrungsgev;alt. Ausserdem, selbst wenn ich vrollte,koennto ich nur dann kaerapfon,wQnn ich in meinen eignen Ilaendcn die dafucr unorlaessliche Waffe, die eigne,
«
mir jederzeit 7ur Yorfuegung stehende Zeitschrift haetto.Ioh nenne kaempfon nicht das raucndliche IIenim3chwaotzen,odor das gelegentliche Abladen einer nufgespoiohorton Entruestung in einem
t
fremden Blatt, in dem ich auf die unausbleiblichj!^^ folgenden Rache- und Antworttuecken nicht mit Sicherheit werde antv/qrten
* • • ' t ■%
m
koennen,Nüln,QUs jedem erdenklichen Grund ist die Zeit,inji , der ich mich mit unseren deutschen Hotnazis ,Kot-Unternazis,herum-> schlug, vorbei. Das 3oll Ihnen ganz Vlar se.in,\md ich ßlaubo,dass wir damit das / nach meiner Anlcunft in /onorika spielende iCapitel absohliesson koennon.
Bleibt etv/as anderes: die /.ffaere in letzten Oletobe r oder
November.
■ ' Lassen Sie mich da gleich S'gon,dass ich in grossem * Unrecht war, auf Ihr Telegramm nicht zu antv/orten.Ioh habe zwar das getan, was Die in Ihrem Tolegramra verlangten: ich habe nichts mehr uober die '"chutzvurbnndssache gebracht ;sio war uebrigens ja
«
auoh zu Ende. Aber ich hnetto Thnon antwoi^ten solleni^Dasö ich es nichs' tat, hatte seinen Grund in einem i''ohler,der nun wieder auf Ihrer ^
«
Seite liegt «V.'enn ::ie das TclGgrai:im heute nachlesen, werden Sie entdecken, dass Ihr Zureden und Iliro TJeschv/oorung begleitet wnr
V
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von einer Drohunß:von der Drohung, dfiss Gie und alle Ihre Freunde jeden Verkehr mit mir nbbrochon wuordon,v/onn ich etwas weiteres ueber die Sache broechte.Ich war dnmnlo wild erbittert auf alles, was irgendwie auch nur von ferne an dnc Thema Kommunismus streifte, wegen dos Pakto^weeen der schamlosen Art seiner Verfechtung duroh die Korn juengelD, und v/egen der Int ornicrungen^ deren damnligge erste V/elle houptsaechlioh mit der ronmmistenjncd zusainmonhlng* Und zu
V*
oft hatte ich jode Art von Bedrohung mit Jeder Art von Schaden und • Verfolg^mg als konriunioticohcB DoeinfluGsungs-Mittel angewandt gesehen, als dass sich nicht die Idoo hinzugesellt haette.daas Sie ausserdem auch noch von dieser oeite rnissbrauoht worden seien. Vie dorn auoli sei: der Eindruck der Bedrohung wirkte auf mich als eine Kraenkung,ich gestehe: als eine Treulosigkeit, und ich verbockte. loh haotte besser verstehen sollen, dr.sc es keine Drohung, sondern Warnung darstellen sollte. Ich haette mehr an den Menschen hinter
den Worten denken sollen, als mich vom Eindruck der Worte raeisteXTi
... ' *
zu lassen^Ich haette auf Jeden i^^all schreiben sollen, sei eö sogar
• \ im Zorn.Aber ich war stoerrisoh, und als ich - die Sache beschaef-
tigte mich immer wieder, das ist" selten]- richtiger ueber öi0 zu
urteilen begann, empfand ich den Anschluss als voroaounit .Es v/ar dumm, :
ich machte es schlecht und ich dnnke Ihnen, dass Sie darueber
hinweggleiten»
<
Aber nicht nur ueber diesen opezialpunkt ,das . Telegramm, muessen wir uns aussprechen, wenn wir retrospektiv werden» Sondern da sind noch die anderen: die TJache dos Schutzverbands im allgr^meinen und - in dor Vert;anf:enhoit - der i'^all Klaus Mfinn
im besonderen.
zweiten Lassen Sie midi mit dem ^^ü^.^ anfangen . loh weiss
nicht genau, was Sin an dora .'ort ^^Sowlotacent" besonders negativ
/:
beruehrt.Er löt,nehrie ich an, nicht dr.s,\7as der Nunberg, bei dem
sogar der Schaeciol ein Plattfuso iöt,fucr das Kriterium haelt^
naenilich dnsn ein A^^ent Gold fuor reine Taetigkoit orhaelt» loh
glaube mich zwar zu erinnern, dass in dorn fraclichen Artikel aus-
druecklich definiert v/-:r,das8 ein Agent bezahlt oder unbezahlt
sein koennotAber ich leunne gar niclit/!i(^;^;i?( ueberzeugt zu oein^dass
Klaus Mann fii von sciiner Pro-Sov/Jottaotigkeit materielle Vorteile
hat gehabt und erklaore,dnas ich das fuer hoeohst uninteressant halte •
Wir alle leben von dem,\7a8 wir tun,muessen davon leben. Wenn Thomas
Mann in der City-Kali fuor die Freiheit Propaganda macht ^bekommt
erilafuer 15oo Dollar, die Bezahlung ist nicht ehrenruehrig und mein
^ lang
ganzes bewusstes Loben habe ich niemals an den Splessbuorger-Instinkt
ff
apelliort, jemand seine Bezahlung zum Vorwurf zu machen^Niooht einmal in meiner bittersten l^ehde mit Feuchtwanger habe ich, obwohl es bequem gewesen v/aere und obwohl or es in seinem erwaehnten Instinkt zu v/ittorn glaubte, die enormen, obwohl anders frisierten Suramen\ auch nur erwaehnt,die er fuer seine Moskau-Soheisse tatsaephlich bekommen hat. Nicht ob jemand etwas kriegt kennzoiohnet seinv^ Agenten-Eigenschaft, sondern was or tut, fuer wen und v/le#Ein Schrift- steller ist fuer mich ein Cowjetagent ,wonn er kein Betrachter fü, mehr ist, sondern wenn er coute que coute das schreibt, was die
4
Söv/^jets geschrieben vmonr>ohen;und dass er das tut ist bewiesen, sobald er zum ersten Mal erweislich luegt.Nun ,ich habe schon \ 1938 in einem Erika und Klaus LIann-Duch eine Stelle gefunden, in
i
der zugunsten der Sowjets glatt gelogen war. Ich habe das der Erika damals gezeigt, und sie liat nichts anderes darauf zu sagen gehabt als dass sie die Stelle nicht geschrieben habe, sie gar nicht kenne, und [
• » m
«
das von Klaus komme .Dnrauf sngte ich Ihr schon damals, 1930 :"nun, dann ist der lllaus eben ein Sowjeta^jent ,und mi:^ soll er nicht nehr
I I
7.
kornmen.P. Kb wnr fuor mich dor definitive beweis fuer etv/as^v/as ich
. ^r*»/'"'
lange vonnutet hatto.Es bedurfte nicht cüoae^ Briefes ueber den StQlin-IIitlcrr-Peikt,ui]i es mir zu beweisen ;aber es bedurfte dieses Briefes pUm es in Tagebueh drucken zu lacsoni-und ich glaube sogar, dass selbst ohne raeino aus fruoheren Quellen gesohoepftOt)/^/ fertige Melming der Brief so dick v/nr^dans er nur muehsellg anders interpretiert v/erden kann als dass in ihm oin;biuf ooute que coute .^ ^ fuer die Sowjets agitierender Verfasser sprioht|- oder beGSser;spraoh).>
Seine Substanz - v/as wissen wir kleinen Leute von der Weltgeschichte '^'
I
und von den gehoimon Plaenen des grossen fltalih - vmr nicht nur
• *
groeblicher Sohwlnriol im I.Tunde eines /\utors,der Jahrelang so
genau um dio .'e.ltgoachicyite bis naoii npanion hin Boschoid gowusst
■ gekannt und alles, was ir.i Kopfe Charaberlnino und Ilitlors vorging, y;^{/j/^{/j{{^^j(/
hatte .Abgesehen von d loser umnoo^^lich bona fidej 7.u nennenden Flucht hinter die eigne Nullitnot war os einfach das mot-d •ordre- Schema saemtl icher Konskribenten von Timbuktu bis Alaska^ einge- schlossen Klausranns ongeroj^ Kollegon im damaligen BriefDsohrieiben* Niemand kann mir einreden, dass die Identaet dieser These, konstatierbai^ ueberall in dor V/olt und daher auf eine zentrale oonsigne zurueckgo- ^ hend,nur ausgerechnet iTfi Falle Klnus Itonns in seinem eignen, unab- haengigen Geist erwachsen sei »Und v/arum war es unriehtlg, seine, wie Sie sagen, sehr wuerdige Antwort nicht abzudrucken? Auoh davon, von Antworten, erhielt ich mehrere, mit denen ich ein halbes H^ft haette fuellen koennen./uch bei diesen war diese vollkommene Identitaet feststollen, indem naemlloh alle Ilachdruck darauf legten, dass ihre Verfasser i)nie zur kommunistischen Partei ghoert haetton und b) auch gegen Pusslanl da und dort etwas gesagt hnetten.Alo ob nicht gerade dies seit mindestens 1937 geradezu die Bedingung und Vorschrift fuer Sowjet-?ropngandiston waere,naomlich eben keine
. I
Parteimitßlloder zu soin^und in die i?oberwlo{^onde Bejahung da und
dort auoh einmal einen {^ev/irson FvozontsntT. Verneinung einfllesson
zu laosen^-fruehor 5f'^ spaeter 10/;, heute vlolleioht bis zu, 5o?S,
man wird bescheidenor.Tst das wuerdigic'^en Leoer an der Naoe herum-
zufuehren und ihm zum zehtausendston Mal if^erado die oharalctoristi-
tSuende .^
Gehen Elemente der ^i^h^i^lt^\t^ '^Is Beweise der Reinheit vorzufuehren^
*
loh sage Ihnen, Bruno Krank, ioh haette dienen typisohen Brief,
den ioh so aehlich schon oft ompfan{jen und houefiger nooh ander-
v/aerts gelesen habe, unmoeglich abdrucken koennon^ohne gerade
dos in einer Nachschrift r>ohr deutli 'h zu sagen, -denn man hat ' *
»
nicl t nur eine Verpfliohtung gegen Freunde, Freunde von einst, Freunde 'Von morgen, sondern auch gegen sich selbst, die Mitarbeiter und Loser#Ioh fuorchte,Ihr V/unsoh,die :"aohe zu beenden, waere damit nicht erfuellt gewesen.
Nun, das ist Vergangenheit. loh habe es gehoei*t und akzeptiert. Ich bin froh, es zu akzeptieren.
Komrien wir zu dr*;- anderen Vcrganf';enheit ,dem Gohutzverband.
• • \ Ich muss zuerst sagen, dass ioh keine leiseste Ahnung
hatte, dass Sie dem Verband angohoeren,gor>chweige seinem. Vorstand.
Aber ioh bin ueborhaiipt kein Kxporte fuer Vereine, die siöh 3000
Meilen von mir v/og befinden,- und damit ko/mae ich zu einem anderen
als ' Punkt. Was ich veroeff entlicht e,v/ar positiv niohts eine Reproduktion ^
fast durchwog v/oortlich, von Dingen, ditj auf amerikanischem Boden, in Newyork^in de^-^ "Neuen Volkszeitung'' erschienen v;aren« Ihabe nie . verstanden und verstehe offengestanden auch heute nooh nicht, warum . J die"Denunziation"und die Gefaehrdung von dem kontinentv/eit entfernten* Pariser Blatt begangen worden sein soll, nachdem alle, die ein Intere- sse an der Sache haben konnten, schon V/ochen vorher 4n Ort und Stelle in Ne\^/ork äar>selbe zu lesen bekomrion hatten. Ioh konnte und
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9.
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konn auch nicht verstehen, woriDn ich -6;erode woil es sich um elno unter ameriknninchen Beßrif fen so Iritzlicho Sachen handelte,- die deasenungoaohtot erfolgte Front nlnttnoke dor "Volksr.eitung" nicht fuer fundiert haetto halten oollon.Und ich konnte und kann noch immer nicht beereifen,wnrura d .£ Nachspiel der eventuellen Repliken.
Berichtigungen und Viderrufo gerade in Paris haetto vor sich ßehon
• • •
*
■ • sollen und nicht in Nov-york, im Teßobuch statt in der Volkozeitungr Wenn dort eine Revokation oder irgend etwas aehnliches erfolgt waere und es v/aore rair eigesandt \yoraon,Bo haetto ich es gewiss ; ' ; göbraoht.Abor wie kann ich, durch üntfornung und Krieg an joder < * '
* ^
Enquete verhindrrii,die trotz und v/ogen ihrer Untorrichtothoit an der Sache festhaltende Volkszeitung plootzlich als eine Verleumderin zu betrachten und zu behandeln verpflichtet sein?
Der Schut 7. verband ist aufgeloestjUnd umsomohr ist die
...
Geschichte Vergangenheit, Aber aus v.elchem letzten und auosseron AnlQss or auch nurgeloeot VAirdo^oder aus v/elohem Grunde Ihhre^
, Trennung von Durchlaucht Loev/enstoin i^tattfand: die Tatsache
*
besteht ,dass rie und Thoraas Mann und vielleicht einige andore sich • nicht mehr wohl in der Crosellschaft befanden,- und ist es 'wirklich eit
,' r
Zufall, dass nie sieh gerade in der Gesellschaft ,die ich Sowjetagente^ genannt hatte, sei es auch aus ganz anderen Oruendon nicht mehr '^ wohl fuehlten konnten? Glauben nie wirklich, dass die Gruende meiner * Abneigung und die Gruende Ihrer Abneigung ganz getrennt von einander '
• • *
sind, und dass nicht doch ein tieferer Zusaiinonliang zwischen ihnen
besteht ? Meine Erfahrung ist, dass die i5owJotlt-uto durch das
System so durch und durch depraviort v/erden, dass ein anstaendiger ■
#
Mensch irrmier,und soi os aus einen scheinbar noch so entlegenen
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AnlQss^nicht mehr \/oitor mit ilmon fortfahren kann: und man kann
das unikehren und s gen, dass v/onn rian in gewissen Zirkeln mit ^
dera und Jenem aus ir^-ondv/Glchom rrund einfach nicht mehr fortfahren ''
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kGnn,imm8r_eine gronae v.ahrROheinlichkeit dafuor beBteht.daaa der Wann ein ßov/Jet-Dopravlerter ist.v/onn Sie sich^dlo brrotloee' ' - Hiuehe maon'en,Ihr9 Tronnuncen " und meine "Donunziatlotijen". zu Ende 7M QnQlyßWen,80 worden Cio frueher oder spnotor vielleicht nooh dlQ |ntdool<üng machen, dnss es sich um keine zufnollige Koinzidenz handelt, sondern dass das ganze ./oh urid Ach, so tnusendfaoh. auo . einem Punkte zu doj^ieren ist,
olQ ßflcon mir forner - und damit beende- loh' duohdae j
■ das8^derVo?ein''^'^°" retrospektiven Thomon.das Thema Sohutzverband,- ' in seiner gan-zen ooffontliohon Tnetißlcoit nie eine anfechtbare Auaseruiiß getan hat. Da ran oWenno ich meinen Bruno Frank^naomlloh den Aristokrat alter Gchu^^.dor den Kniffen der modernen kollektivlGtolsohen Praxen mit antiker Maivi&taot gegenuobersteht, Gott sei Dank.Das ist elai langes Kapitel, und ich kann es hier . nur streifen. Aber glauljon fiic mir, der Meohnnismus dieser Dingo Ist ein andrer als Cie ßlai|ben.Die '-'ahrheit iot,dass das Tloakatior ... Interesse an einen Vorland dieser Art heutzutage weniger el^'; Interesse an der Vorbnidotaotigkeit ist als nn der V.'lrkung auf
das ausser.vorbandllchi|>^yerhnaton der Mitglieder;und" v/enigger an
. ^^^..P.^o-^'tivitrotjols ajü detr Verhinderung von Conta-Ai<:tivltaet. ' ■ , ', • i' ■ ' ■
Was haben die Leute von ioinom solchen Etablisaemnt? Gewiss auch *
einmal eine"Resolution" ind. Eaphen Spanien oder dergleiohon.-vms dann riloht"Politik",sondern"v;oltanschauung".v;ichtiger schon " Ist die Verhinderung von Reoolutionen in Sachen Russland,xms dann nicht Woltnnsohuung.son/lern Politik ist. Aber das wirklich
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Interessante an einem solchen Club i^^t erstens, dnss die Agenten durch die Glubgemeinschnft mit den Niohtagenten sozusagen in
t
den Besitz eines weit oren Unbedenklichkeit s- und aioiohartigc^keits- Qttestes gcf n£:en,dnss also /ois'pielsv;eise fuer Ifor-feldo die
11.
Clubgoraoincohn f t
böiapielswoise nit Bruno rrnnk and tho liko oin I'osoherzottol
ist,
der ihm «nnz nun s erhalb ('og Clubs allor> noci,;lioho erloichtert.Dr.i; Ist No,l. Dor zweite intoroaennto V-ankt ist,diir,G dio Clubcoiiolncchnft natuerlich ßewir,ro ^ienrmnßon anr.o(^on schafft, dass :/litf>;liod A
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Club
ausserhalb der, «econ irf^ond otwr.n nuftritt,v/a3 Mitßliod B yLMMi ebenfnlls ausr-crholb dos Clubs '-t»«"^/-
treibt, schreibt, rodotj die loyale Abncd-unc-; der Loynlen seßen tTnkollegialitftct »Unfrieden, "Cpnltunß" sichert die Agenten in hohem • Grad ßefjen Unannehmlichkeiten vo3i .•oiton derer, die dn und fuor sich
am mefeäßton von ihnen vdnnen und dnru)a nfri :)toerc3 endet on aoin 7
[ koennton. Per dritte l^nnkt Ist der, dass mnn /j?( duroh die Existenz ^
^ r
des Clubs die r.eoc;liciikeit Gewinnt, bei Unannehmlichkeiten von aussen '"
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dio inimalculnton I/itßlieder fuer die nnlculierton eintreten zu Lassen, ^ teils weil dior.e v/ledorum kollefii-.vl sindt^oils weil sie auf dei Club,d'DSßen i.'itfjl.iod clo nun oimanl olnu und von dem sie bosc nvoeren • koennon,dnss in la?.\ doch t'^r nichts Kosc!.ieht,auGh i,;; eicnen Xntore- SSO nichts komnon l'-ssen wollen. >'o funktioniert d^s. Seitdem die .Zeiten vorbei r;ind,in denen die kojninuni: tischen A^-;itntorön als
Kommunisten auftraten,, seitdem sie in alle noo^iliohen Verkleidungen ■zu sohluopfen haben, sind die sogenannten "Dookungs-Kontalcte" oder
«
"Daokungs-Kollektive" eines Ihrer v/iohtigsten Hilfsmittel. Gegen programra:v/ldrige Ueberraschungen dabei ist man umso mehr geschuetzt. je v/oniger Politik man in Club selbst treibt;/;^ und je v/eiter v/og die Koscherzettel-Uitgliedor v/ohnen,- denn es ist zwar k|iar,dass in
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der "General Versammlung", dem Mittel in extremen i''a eilen, ohnehin ßtets die vollzaehlig anruockond- kommandierte Kolonne die Mehr- heit haben wird, nicht die sporadisch orsoheinendon, unorganisierten und meist sogar ziemlich desinteressierten Individualisten; aber Gven so ißt og bGSsorp^;Gnn die /neonchenoren u^eiter weg vom Schuss sindj)ar. ist d';r rroohanisiaus, -nicht jetzt ad hoc von mir
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konstrulort,sondfn'n Incnr.st ro ^nnly.-.i rt und bokannt.Aus diesom ßrund hat dio ruiivo i''of,t.r-tollun':,f]f:>r.r. 'ier Vorl-^nd doch gar nichts Anfechtobfiro.T cer.p.ct hnbe,3nn'^ '-onnolben :^hnrnktor wie die unnaive ' Vertoidunßrlch war docli nie in ^lor 'T.ITntuorlioa.Dns muco doch CO sein.Nioht nur trotzdom.ßondorn {-orad.! doclinlb vmr der Vorbnnd ein Dockunßü-Ivollolrtii'jUnd nein Hi-uno i'rnnk darin v/or oin Deokungskontnkt .
Aber c\ary sind nun nlloo Sn^^on ;naö clor Verßanßienheit,
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lind eo hnt v.'irlclici: nur oinon Iii^torir.choA r;inn,daGs ioh so ' v/eitschwoifir: drruobor .spreche. Ich tum en,woil ich wonit:;steno einem einzi-on in /rtori]"». --irin^l Pcol'f?,ir.chnft drueber ßeben wollte, v-le ich (''io ')in;;e d'?nv.'lr. r>r!h und ruoc'-bliclrond nfiiMl v/oitor nohOpTinri -oj]. u Joner f^in'-^i/.p nuy joinr.nti rein kann. von dem ich \.eirn,(lr:ns cpiri /undn'nent ,5;oin lire^rund, derselbe ist wie - der meine. Der; \nir!r,1 e ic): vor Th-, em '»riorjdor, Vveir.ß icti urasomoiir nach ito: dPOD "vir, /de irner v.ir -inn e-inzcino .'Jache beurteilen, das gleiche Amdruit at h.fihon, Jn,ich </ ,;l,'.ubo nicht oimiial,dn5S wir Ginon Konflilct lobcr die Oronzon haben ^ bis zu donon man gehen knnn.ohne dar H'ennchlioho zu verletzen. Gio wissen, da$s man
«
nicht das Ueble treffen kann, ohne die iV.enschen,die es betreiben, mlt2utrei''fon«Dns ist uninoeglich.Die Oonze Differenz zwischen uns ist rdinijimQhra ob Jene T.^enr.chon das Uebel betrieben haben. Es isfc keine
*
Frage der Moral, sondern der i'^akten.Ks ist keine Frage der, Mass- staebo, sondern dos Dincs, keine i^Yage der Gesetze, sondern des Tatbestands. Ich glaube, dass dns so ist, und ich glaube zu dem hoohtoenenden,aber in " nhrheit besoheidonon '.ort berechtigt zu sein,daBs ioh in meiner Eigenschaft als Schreiber niornals etwas so gehnsst hnbe wie die Immoralitaot .ciiosos Plcbejortura,und dass nur
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ioh nolbst vjeii'B ,v:r\D ioh reihst (';n{^'-jnuobcT' ruGlnen Feinden aus obon diefiOM Grund ua^onnct und unc.otc' n f-clr.BBon li^bo.Abor wenn Sio trotzden Corso oraprindon^.'iorr.o \iin mich und in dioßora ininkt, so Icnnn ich Ihnen 7MfiV lr<-inG anrrmtiüon fcol)on,nber ich kann Ihnen, nicht pekrnenkt.r-ondnrn i'.oohrt durch Ihm : on^e,nur r,necn:Fuohlen Sie ßioh cichor.Dn wird nichts /toochnlion.Ich woinn zu gut,wie ioh
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beschaffen bin.
. Laßsen oio mioli dnniit schlioöscn.Icli koonnte inim:!mna noch von mir er7.nohlen,-von raoinor -c.^onvM ort igen nituation^die gar nicht driinca auar,loht ,voroiTt,rilr, ob icl/'fuer 'Vichtigos
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auf gehoben" r.-'i: niemand r.<Vaoint nie; i": AUf:tinblick wichtig zu ' nehmen, r,uf veltor . lur kein '/orlocor.koin A,";ent,kein niohta.Abor der Brief iBt lanj^o {^oim,- .hnt nir öio Ohren lan^je ^enug voll- grklap.x^rt und wird :'ip beim Lo.'^on 1- n,.:o aemxß hinhalten.
Go rotzo ic'-. ('nn Punkt. ' ,
Seicii ;)ic^,;üt T.ienol ,-:or,ruor,r.t von Ihrora
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F I F T Y - F I V E F 1 F T H
AVENUE • NEW YORK CITY
ifm
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^"«^^ J.'ev/ Yoa.
Oc tober 3, 1940,
Dear Mr. Schwarzschild:
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A few days ago Klaus Mann called on me and told me that you had accused hlm, both in the Tagebuch In Paris and by word of mouth here^in Nnw York^ of being a Comiüunist and, Indeed, of being a Kommunist agent. He seemod very much distressed and asked me if I would write ör speak to you. I have, of cour^e, no facts to go on ex- cept his ^^mt report, but I do vvant to express my own belief that such charges, if, indeed, you made them, are unjustified. Änd in these days Chargen of Coniniunism can bring about serious consequences to the person so characterized.
sympath the mor gan he the Naz Hitler, far as of the
etie with th e hopeful da has been ent is and to un He has le I know devia line consist
It is true enou e Communis ts bc ys of the Popul Lrely devoted t lualified suppo 3tured and writ ted from this p 3ntly l'oliowed
gh that Klaus Mann was fore Munich, particularly in ar Front. Since th war be- o an unceasing attack on rt of the struggle against ten and has at no time as osltion - the exact opposite by the Commun Ists.
T am telling you all this because I feel qulte sure that you would not want to do him an injustice* If ' you have not spoken of him in the terms he quotod to me I hope you will excuse and ignoro this lettcr.
There is enough factionalism and animosity among^ rofugees and persons who siiould be fighting on the same side (ö^ the same cause and I surely do not want to contribute to it. I shall not speak of this matter to anyono eise.
I want to add, aowcver, for your ovai Infor- mation that the entlre initiative In behalf of securing your Visa was taken by Taomas Mann in consultatlon with Klaus and Erika. This I know since it was Tiiomas Mann himself who tele- graphed me from California asking that I use what influence I had to assist him in procuring your admission to the United States.
Wa are looking forv/ard to your article on the House of Rothschild.
With best wishes.
Sincercly yours.
Mr. Leopold Schwarzschild, Hotel Colonial New York City.
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Boord of Eüitorlal Advlsora
Sherwood Anderson Wyttan Auden ^ '
Edward Benes Stophen Vincent Ben6t G. A. Borgte Ernest Boyd Julian Green Horcice Grc;)ory Frank Klnyüun Freda Kirch wey Thomas IVIann Somerset IVlougham Robert Nathan Vincent Sheuan Robert E. Sherwood Stefan Zwelu
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EDITOR I K L A M $ M A N N
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den 2* I. 1941,.;:;
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Llebef Leopold Schwär znchild
Es ist t,ut,dos3 Sie mir das endlich geschrieben haben. Die Affäre fing ja in aQi^,')^,i^t.soiio^^^ absurd zu werden- . . :, . • ^ /■•^r' -- ■■■•^^'- ' '':Wj;9^4^^^^^
Ich wusste natürlich immer, dass Sie immer wussten, ■' dass ich niemals ein A^^ent ^^ewesen bin* Gerade deshalb ist mir noch immer nicht ^^anz verstandlich, warum Sie es öffentlich behauptet - und dann meine v" ausfiihr liehe und präzise ae^s^n-ürklärung einfach V^ ignoriert haben. Keine Erregung, in der iMe Sie sich damals befunden heben möpen, macht mir das VQrkorüni= nis psychologisch so recht plausibel* ''.l/tä"'; ''-^^^ Woch veni^er kann ich begreifen, v/aruiri Sie thren ';"•!'. Irrtum vom Herbst 1959 nicht v/enigstens im herbst 194o -^lurückgenoriiraen haben, als Sie - teilweise dank einer Miktion meines Vaters (an deren Zustandekommen ich übrigens nicht unbeteilirt v/ar) - in dieses '
Land ..^ekommen sind* Gelegenheiten zu einer solchen Korrektur hat es ja mehi^fach gegeben - auch schon vor Ihrer Korrespondenz mit Erilca. ?);^r: ,;■• >s.
Sie haben aber l.iiss Kirchwey geschrieben,^äanj3 Sie niemals behauptet hätten, ich sei ein Sowjet-Agent; die ominöse Formulierung sei vielmehr im lieuen -''^"
Zeitung sein. Nun mag es zv/ar stiiTU'nGn,da3 3 Ihnen die kuriose Informi^tion, ich sei unter die Agenten ge= gangen, von Herrn Epstein selber kam. Aber der hat es doch nicht gev/agt, diese Frechheit hier zu publi= zieren, v/o er dem Zugriff Amerikanischer, Gerichte
Ü erreichbar gev/esen wäre'. ^-^ M^^iili^^^-I^^f^^^ "
Und dem Gurt Riess haben Sie dann, v/lederiiiri sehr ift= lieh ^mitgeteilt, Sie glaubten a ach heute noch an meine Vergangenheit als Agent. Als ich mich darüber
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Board of Editorial Advisor«
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Sherwood Anderson Wystan Audon Edward BeneS Stephen Vincent Ben6t G. A. Boroesa Er n est Boyd
Julian Green
Horace Grcjory
(Frank Kingdon Freda Kirchwey Thomas Mann Somerset Maugham Robert Nathan Vincent Sheeon Robert E. Sherwood Stefan Zweig
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EDITOR: KLAUS
ANN
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a/ie^iß^ettf i^f fi.€e €yu£tuAe
141 Eost 29th Street, New York LExinflton 2-35M
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etwas ärgerlich ersta\mte,\viirde plötzlich be= ' . 53chlossen,Hiess - der sich in dieser ganzen Sache sehr loyal ^^egen mich benormaen hat - sei ein L'i^ner und Intrigant, ..;;'• ,; ,
]3as alles war ja nicht besonders nett. Ich er= • wähne es keines.ve^^s, well ich vorhabenden Streit^ fall als solchen nocliirials "aufzurollen"; sondern^ einfach, um Ihnen zu erKlaren, warioin ich, auch jetzt noch, nicht zu den respektvoll- freundschaftlichen liefühlon zurückfinden kann, die ich früher für Sie aufrichtir^ empfinden konnte. ■ ' - '
Das wird Ihnen nic^:it v/eitor wehe tun, und auch mir ist schon Schlimmeres 7.u^^estosaen. Immerhin ist es ja ein Fortschritt, a^fif] ^vir uns nun wieder j^russen können, wenn v/ir ii.i l^ew Yorker Hafen, oder sonstwo, beee^_,nen.
Ich erwidre Ihre v^-insche zum n^yken Jahr - schon aus Eroismus. Denn ent^veder wir v/erden alle vor die Hände -s^hen, oder e^i sind uns allen noch die interessantesten aenu>:^ i:uun(_en bestimmt. Ob wir uns zanken oder versöh.ien - wir sitzen in einem Boot. Schon aus dieseiri Grunde ist mir das Ende des Zankes willkonüuen - wennu^leich ich mir aie Versöhnung noch etwas führender ujid ^-.rossartir^er hätte vorstellen können.
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29. April 1975 13 228/3 - FO
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HeriTi Rerthr-ld Spangenbarg i^>VerlaK Helnricn Elleriuanii KQ
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cohr g^Giirter Herr opanKonber^;;.
bo;3ten Dank faer Dir .Schreiben vom ?M.v.M. und i*u.:r OJo IJobei^f oncU:;ni^^> der Genahuiigungon von Praa Katharina Kann und Frau Llesl Fx'anii-Luatlg.
\:ir haben darauf nln P!iotö:>tat3 d^r Bruno Frank, Kj^lKa und Kl auj i4ann- U'iefe fuer .Vle herge^itellt und aericU^n jle Ihnei; per Luf tpoGt/liruckaache heute ab.
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llf:. handelt eich um die folgenden Briefe: Rruno Frank an Loop-lu ^-chv.arzr'.chl Id vom 30. September 19^4 (
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^i*ika Mann an
Kl au 13 Mann an
'irlka Mann an
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V. 12. Oktober 1 )^}0, v.7.De?:ember ly4o, V. 17. Dezember li:;^^0^ V. 2 «Januar 1 j^U,
V. 6. Januar 19^» 0?
19^1.
Von Frau Schwarzechlld haben v.lr leider noch nitihta ^ gehoert. Vielleicht vergerjl^.sern Sie sich, op/prau I Schv.ai'schlld tataaechllcli Ihr Ersuchen um Gerieh^Tiigung
der Schi'arscaild-Erlefe erhalten hat.
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Mit freundlichen Gruessen
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Ihr
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Dr. Fred Qrubel Direktor
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Sehr p-echrtor Ticfi'^ .Riosf?,
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?>i?f.^ '""^i ^-^^''^•'•■''^•'•"n.''^lo ich d :ni oho^^rüccn ' Kolf IJuornbcr^.; ruf noin Ihnen V02--.nncI:uon<U 'ton oührel böP. .-oben vMicrac.Ich infonnero idn^Bi, ich aut faosr'S nolaijTior.t,^,-.^ rtlcl^. üobri ns ni-^ht mehr in neinor Vr.m l or-ui.'rt.rur'onorT.^nrr- une.sen niclit nntv/o.*to, mm
^«o^. ». , "'-"' y-y^n :\vio.v von
Certern «nbclnn-t,rol:r.-,itiili.-.rt o.r roino
Borcitsclmrt. 7ar<!o. . von i: ruMi und ::\e:
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solner i'reundo rn/iK^nro: 1:r,n Biit Klnui; Mann.
/.bor (. ')T 1 ur> in *«''^>T) ' '"f nußß der vnrre;[.e;i<-no Wcibim.rr noilt,;" ,,u'r '
der Ivom-tatioruni; bor.l -hon,.; :r.i-: u.o .r :< ,-J J U L'or politiGclurr l onriii.tri-Anl,i3«,n.je.alic;i Mauß f,:f;nns Vorhool :nlr. r'.ur :>oü^'ol.-i oMl ;> 7uiüindof,t hfMite ,•;■;; mfitanc's'oi; r.oi..ir. i^"*-. po In^der Vert-fin;;onhrl : drrun be: teilt ."vc-iVr' "" sein Kioego: Inder :.-v.om,.-.r'. jeca-nf-Us.' 1 Ion 7or3lclicrun.c-cn rurol.jc.oyi.-aoro oi' ;iic.'i, !r;ohr.
, M , . ^>''~''* wi'..'r(;r Grun.Mn -o
k.orm ich nicht nb^;:- .on.r-io ..ar.A-indlun • doj; " Verrahi-enn - dl.o r-rar o1.:;non vrlaoat.T-ur,; 7ufolßo spboliGirr.n r-oU.,:.:.« ,:|,. Vc-,::i,'on- nolt nicl.t etv/a von bv.ldr,.' ;;f-lt,en ror a-vl-i'* t)lolbt,R'-.ndorn a.'T.r, io: oin !.:nroch^ in i^ir einbckouno.- dL^no -.bv-ndlnn;: nk7.(;pti.--ro' iC. nicht
schlioflscn.olmo :-i..-, ■ i nrr ,■ ort:o zu'ontl'olo'i. ole frproohcn in IV.ro'' ürief i,lt orfm^nr n rvlt/:ofuc:l (i.ivon,ri,Tr! in Anr tIi n r-jouio -jocitin^i yorschieotitorfsei un^ onvj.r'.r.c^n <rl,n -]^'xc^ der Verhnolftnir,te .dn-. ic.i u:itorlio,.;o.ln'^i}.,vM^
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Sohreibon dIik' ^ir. An^1outmij;on iu>b<5r nc-lno Jotzlgo von.i Intliol.o icAw'iocli unC iLto mooeliolHj Aur>nurt'.''-uri(; t:orr:io7:u vnohtiL.-'eion Slo oo unbocorßt \/ic ioi, ceibi;! o;; blii.Jcli bin l*uox*corßlioh vort>iohort, (Uiür» dio olation
odor üolion bof^oTinouex'' Vornu^.lio r,is uricjuonüti^: niobt fuor luloi' oritpuppon \vu'3rdo^
ßollto dio xTaollniMMr-Untorjir.ltuug uobc.r
don iViod^'H^don iol^ vor/lohe^dlo ^'on-'iellin^ro-
un>j;oru^abor ßut^ tuolaon miordo^v/oUi' u jkIo
öüin#Ich laooolite ßiö^*4il<?lit l*ovvüc^t;4^J^'«^s.'i3,
IvLauo Mann botrifi^i».i^.t* ec 4{au>^ rua i^ja^zu ■ ,. waohlen»
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RALPH M. NÜNBEHG
.•s:j:j sroLKTo dhive SANTA MONICA. CALIF.
TKI..I ß.M. 410 45
SO. September 1940
Mr. Leopold Schv.nrzschild Hotel Colonlal
81s t Street and C^olumbia -^-venue New York City
Sehr geehrter Herr HchwarzscMld !
Teil begruosse Sie in ^'^morika und moechte meine Freude darueber zum Ausdrucl^ bringen, dass ein M^'nn, den ich so lange gekannt liabe wie ^ie, unc^ den ich so sehr lange z'.eit hindurch so ausserordentlich geschcetzt habe, der euro,)aei3chen Hoelle ent- ronnen ist.
Gleichzeitig rnoechte "'ch Innen aber meine Meinung sagen - niclit, um absoJut 'jineii ^h*i(.'f ••.ec;i::M.l nu t linen ^.u erzv/ingen,- sondern v,ei.l ich es fuer lu'ifa.ir !:.1e].ti-, v.^^nn T'T.en -^^euf:s rungon, die ich tue. von Haider*' >i eis voi; rir ud t,r : t^ dlt .nerden.
Doch ich l:i.ette auch nie gogl::ubt, dass ich diese Handlung bereuen uiorde. ^^ber f^d.e soJ.hst haben mich eines Besseren belehrt. Sie ha^en einen Verband, dorn ich ebenso angohoerte ..ie Ihr Freund ^runo ^rank, der- im ^orsu:rid sass, oder T):r guter Bekannter Curt Kiess, der der leitende Sekretaer die rs Vpr])r nder. v.nr, in einer beispiellosen ^.eise -ngegrif f en, und nie haben kf^inem der Ange- griffenen die Moeglich.'cei t rcer^-^ on, r:c}": zu rechtfertigen. Bruno Frank durfte ich als -thron ^reund bezeichnen, weil er mir von Ihinen vorgestellt v-orden ist, und weil ich i u i\aris beobaci'ten konnte, dass Pie und Ihre i*rau •^■•it herri und ^rau ^'rrnk wirklich freundschaftliche Beziehungen zu unterhalten scr.ipnen. f-ie hab.en ivlaus Mann einen kommunistischen Agenten g:-'ionnt. Tie haben auf ^runo i^ranks Telegramm nicht einmal reagic^rt. f'i( hciben 5ich also zu uns sch.limmer benommen, eis m.an sich zu Ilnen beno' nien hat. D.^^nn Iceiner der Genannten hat Ihnen ,1emnls ^rund drzu ge-eben, von Ihnen verleumdet zu v/erden, ohne* dass vSie eine ^'dc^itip-stolli ng ode/ auch nur eine -^-rkla -rung zugelassen liaben. Sie haben uns in r.uropr. gev.isserm- ssen einen schlechten Namen zu m.achen versucht. ])ai'au'*hin musstcui die hurouaeer unter Ihrer Fuehrung sichi von denen r-:'ten lassen, denen fie einen schlechten Namen gemacht haben. v^ie laben : n\ 2Q. Oktober 19^.9 godruckL, dass sich '^Claus Mann in seiner I^oIIa als ßoviet Agent, defirjjtiv beglaubigt iiat".
Possessiojj
^ • JJriv \'
( ;
RALPH M. NUNBKItC
.133 Sl'OI.KTO DRIVE
.SAATA MONICA. CALIF. TKI..I H.ht. 410 45
o c
seinGr^:eit fuer et
V V a s
V.eim drs ..ort "beplr^nbigt" ausdruecken sol ' , dass limen irgend v..,:iclje Dokuin-mte vorilHj^en, /;■.<; ich nicnt /rlaubo' so sind diese Dokumente nichts anderes ■ Is Lucj und '-^rur.' Und' der ehemalif^e liernusgeher (;ines c f^r,:re:.,;div(ni Orp;c.ns, vie e- da^ "Tagebuch" einmnl 'Aar, soli.te .jeden- Dokument peoenuerer vor-j c> ti^ SGin, zumal ja der fier-ruisreher des "Heuen ^ä'^^ebuchs" genau Pe- '' scl-;eid veiss, v..-,q rnan i-i t Dokumenter allec inr'chen kann Ich erinnere an die niedertraechti^-^e ^.'ll.e, die Jj^reir! lilatt pestelJt wurde, und in die es r.ucl-; Mn-in fi<-:i., rl,^: im "Neuen 'i'ngebuch"
die ny>-,nose-Ti:epe, die selbst Irre danialip.-n 'Freunde
sclr.vachsinnig hicM ten, .aufgestellt wurde."
V^p haben fteii4r-^i:*rf^~-r-t>t-her klar und unpescnrainkt in Ihrem i^latt Lion i'eu.chtv.anger als deut.-.c^en -oviet-igenten ange- zei|t. oie vussten, dass ^•c>uchta:ii,gr:r- im ü^^^ .nsat.. zu Klaus Mann in rarücreicii lebte, und v.as eine -n;-:p.ige in Iiirem r>ittt, das fuer die franzoeslGche ^iegi.wung, uie ;;ich je. auch sonst bewaenrt lat,' C.1S offiv,ioe CS ^rgan d..r deutschen i-tTiigra lion g;;lL, bedeutete. Ihnen mag viel c ige; tan worden sein, -ie .sind sicherlich oft falsch und zu unrecht angegriff.:n . orden. i'eucnt.anger se.lh..t mag Ilinen Unrecnt getan hr-ben, värklicnes ^nrecht und ver eintliches Upr..c>.f er mag -ureil r; .gangei sein; aber aici. die Literariscl.e /^useinander- setr.ung mit mm natten r,j e begonnen. Jedenf' 11s una -ten -ie dasc- er r-ie nicnt gefViehT-den lonnte. I..r.- ^..nun..i ? tion In Kriegs'eiten musste Ihn gef^ei.rden, und ;.ie v;uss;en d'<;-, gm., rrenfu. Ich tt^ile herrn ^eucht.ay.gers ■ eui.i.-e noJ i ti'^cho ''Mn-rrcun<.'en •'-anrscl-ei n Jich auch nicht, a; er ich k;.>,n n±r nicr.t -/orste i !.,-n, fjas-, ich il^n se]hst wenn er mich c-uj' ^runn einer- .solci en :!r,inun<- v..rscai.«denheit' - n- '^ greifen vvuei-dr., der .lllku-r :nde!-..,- ir .'.riegs^.el ten ausliefern uerde. Und genpu so, ^le .-ie e- n.it r oucntv.an<Hr ge^aacnt haben, haben -ie e- eben mit Klrusjvl^nn, ■•/irnfred G.-org, Lurt Riess, etc. getrieben. ' " .le liaben oie .journ li.stlsche ^hians L-rnriigKei l be.sessen. Rieht! p- stellunren der ^'r tref f. pden räci t au brin^u^n. "
herausge^-er, soll tcn uebrij-ens einem gar nicht ein;:nredon versuchen, das.- Ihre i-aende geLaigt iat. fie na..en .■..
Bruno ^ ranir irnoriKrt, obv,or,i äie ."enru v..u;-::Uen, dass man ilir- und vielen seiner i' rc^uride niciit einmal d- s vor-.verfen Konnte, was'pie i-eucntv.'anger vorge orfcn i.:ben: ein deut.^^cner -oviet-^Vent in -rankrelch zu sein. Dass h.niclitv.-anger sich ..u seiner sicherlich falschen - oder' mir, aer den urmoeg ' icken .Stalin nie- t vericnusen k-mn, ? ls voellig falscn erscnemenden - -olitiscuen Meinung aucn dann bekannt hat. 'al- es gefaeirJicb und .-c.r^de.,u v..aboter: -ar, '.^^icn daau zu bekennen, a.at" ihjn der ehemriige nerausgel.er des "Tagebuch" I^esonders angekreidet. -'O i^'eit kann also j .m.- nd .-ich v >rirr. n, der beinahe :',wei Jahrzehnte
r. 1 e
, ein alter Zeitungs- ;lten 'ei tungsmann ;.ie mir auch"" keine dieser her'ichtigun,n;en in usserdnm ein '^'elegramm von
ni'^ ^"'^''^ ^'■''^/^^'~^-^^-"^'-^-- '^■■f^deutende -eitsciirift berausg. geben iiat.
J-)er^,u Jnrec.t Angegriffene denun;.iert die, die Um anp-egriffen n;
c.ort, eo er sie errei den Kann, und verleumdet and(-^r.- .'hi ^ -i .m v.h ,
dort, eo er sie errei clen Kann elniual angcgrii'fen nahen.
ben.
verleumdet andere, die inn nicht
I
RALPH M. NÜNBERG
«3.1 SPOI.KTO DRIVE SANTA AIONICA, CALIF
TKL.t S.M. 410 45
- Ö
-tf^lT ^^n -oviet,-Ap,,nl" sei. Natuei-licli bei-, -.unten '^U^ d^ <, von
1-^ben, nicir;riring'.V'koenn;.^!' ^^'' ^''""■^■"^ ''"^"'^ Personen erhoben
kommen der V.ahrhelt M^t rlLn'^'^n'f "'' 'l-'^^ ''\"' ^^^^^^^ ""^^'^^^ und Sie bald he^>^^^^ [il^^Zt.'-c''^:''' ^^''^'^/^von abgesehen werden
Gegensatz zu Ir.ie M^bt n'.f tIcP': 'T^^^^ ''^^"'^^^'^ ^'^^'^^'^^"^ ^"^ Sinne des .ortes .Iril Ich iVhernler o ^e;;^!"'^!'^^^^ ^^ .i"' -hrsten Unwahrheit und ^n; üife-c-i „.-li l rTr. r> , ' ■'^^'^:" ^^ > der .le ueber die Uebri^ens glaube 1' ik^urn^^'s/iTnP "^^^t'Y^'^'H-'-" ^^lenren ..uerde. Zeitschrif?her.u.spe ertn "'i r^|:: r^,'^, Jo ,?^v'^ T^ ^rossartlpe liberaler und pro^sarti .er -VhM t . f-n /. '^ }^^' °^^'^ ^'l" so
schaet.,en v.uerde/; ?nn t:?;. oJ er n f ?'" ""^"^ ^^binsky es alles andere waren im" sind l: d.^ .%?o'bP-n "f'^'^'^^'-^'^' ^ie
verleumden. Und fie rerdri .-• um r-i ' 'n; Sie beliaupten, derartig koennen, dass Tie ,^uch r? m • f h.i • '"'"'-^''"^^""S geltend machen
ahderen'umstaendenr'v'rlelSel uoroef sind?" "^''^'^ "^"^^ ""^ '^^^^^
dans ich Ihre Artikel ueber'':eS?r-1;''"|.7. '^^f ^ 19ft7_ gesagt, einen AngrilT gegen den Prr^e.id^iten dr r 'u^' ^^^delte es sich um vor allem, ueil sie zeigten, d s" 'ie ■ r- i "; * "-''f^ ^''"^'"^^^ ^^^^-^^^ vertraut waren. Ich vuerri rrnru' p -.f ' ? , '' """'^'^ "'' ^ ^°^ -laterie
wieder cufnei^ien d Le i c oh ^^^ '.'fe-ien, ! evor -le die arbeit
brechen mussten,'.lcl et-^a° ^ t^d^'n'r ^^"^'"^ • f ^^ ^'"^ ^^^ ^^i^' ""^er- Dann ;vepden ^äeVmemU c^t;:r %fir l ''" ^^'"^ ^ ."^ b.schaef tigen.
konstitutionelle >ipc! te hab.< n di r ! 'i ' ';'^' ^®^-'''^"^öete gev.isse
muessen, die Ihnen aber i r de^- tmos 'haere"-' ', ''^; '"'~'^'''^" "^^^"^" abhanden gekommen --.u ^oV' ^o ^n J^ v * ■ "" '^'''' "^^ entronnen sind, koennen hier >^nsaes ige {i.^on ■ ! "'^nl'^^f i^onsti tutionellen l^echte ' machen, der in eii^^m" Hotku m' :i'''of ' "^'••'^^•i''^^' ^^'^.^enueber geltend auf Ihr Denunziantentum he^ b^' Lei^ ^ntuV: '':f^ "''""' ^''^'"-'^ ^^^ ^^•'^^^^'^J-b
3 Q n .
Mit vorzuegljcher i.ophachtung
TCL..PLAZA 3-0-433
CABLE ADDRESS-RICSSTAM NEW YORK
CURT RiESS
AMERICAN CORRESPONDENT OF PARIS-SOIR ZAO X^O^'EAST 57'" STREET NEW YORK CITY
OpJglnal In fho posEPij.-:;-.n
of -»-i
cno
E90 Basck Ine äitute,. l/ev, Ycr]<
9. Januar 1941
Sehr geehrter Herr Schwarz echlld,
Sie werden sich vielleicht wundern von mir einen Brief zu erhalten. Indeoeen hätte Ich dlecjen Brief schon eher fte schrieben, wenn nicht ein U- fall meiner Frau und seine Hellung faßt die geeamte Zeit der letzten Woche in Anspruch genommen hätte.
WftS mich schon vor einigen Wochen zu dem Ent- schluss brachte Ihnen zu ochi-elben war ein Gerücht, das mir von verschiedenen Selten zug.etrf^en wurde. Ea handelt sich dai-um, dass Sie eich Über mich beklagt haben sollen, dasß loh Irgendwelchen Persone.. erzälilt hätte, Sie gingen in New York herum und erzählten, Klaus Maim fei ein Agent etc.etc.( dieuer Satz Ist sehr kompliziert, aoer dnr Tatbestand ist es Ja auch).
Darf ich Ihrfn dazu folgendes sagen : Wenn ich eine eolche Bemerkung gemacht hätte wäre Ihre Klage über mich voll- kommen berechtigt. Aber ich h« be eine solche Behauptung nie aufgestellt. Ich weis» Ja, dans nicht Sie es waren sondern daps ich es war, der dac Gespräch über die Im "Neuen Tagebuch" veröffentlichten Verleumriungen Klaus Mann 's und anderer Ffeunde zur Sprache brachte (und zwar auf V'unech Klaus Mann's zur Sprache brachte) Sie haben alpo nichts anderes getan als eine an Sie gestellte Frage beantwortet resp. ein von mir provozlertes Gesprüch aufgenommen. Wie Sie wissen hieit ich es für nicht korrekt, dass Sie gewisse Vei'leumdungen ücer Klaus Mann und andere Freunde druckten. Ich halte es aber für durchaus korrekt, dass Sie, da Sie zumindest- bis zu dem Gespräch mit mir Ihre Meinung über den Tatbestand, der Jenen Artikeln zu Grund lag, nicht geändert hatten, dieser Ihrer ungeänderten Meinung Aus- druck verleihen. Es handelt %ich nach meiner Ansicht durchaus nicht uui neue Verleumdungen.
Ich habe auch Sorg^ getragen diesen Punkt immer wieder zu unterjjtrelchen und habe den wenigen Leuten, denen ich von unsei'en Gespräch bGrlchteXe (und es waren wirklich nur mein Auftragegeber und die Leate, d^ie von ihm dahin unterrichtet
waren, dass er mir diesen Auftrag e\ent hatte) i
\ ^«; m diesem
TEL. PLAZA 3-9^33
CURT RiESS
AMERICAN CORF?ESPONDENT OF PARIS-SOIR t340 y^X EAST 57LH STREET
NEW YORK CITY
CABLC ADDRESS-RICSSTAM NEW YORH
II
^T^^'^n In ihr pncncsslon
■ ■ ■*•
Sinne Aufklärung gegeben. Ich welee mich unschuldig an Irgend- welchem Geßchv/ätz, dae über 31e entstand n sein mag und ich schreibe Ihnen diesen Brief hauptsächlich damit Sie, falls dieses Geschwätz weitere Kreise oefassen sollte, eine Möglichkeit haben es zu widerlegen, falls und ^-nnn rj:rner Sie wollen.
Ich freue mich von Kiaus und Erika Mann zu hörfeft dass der Fall wenigstens prinzipiell geklärt worden ist. Ich kann Ihnen nur noch einmal versichern, dass niemand ihn mehr be- dauert hat als ich. Ich war es - und dafür sind eine Unzahl von Zeugen vorhanden - der damals, als das "Neue Tagebuch" mit Jenen Artikeln herauskam und alle Welt mit Recht entrüstet war, immer wieder Mässigung anempfahl und der sicheren Hoffnung Ausdruck gab, dass Sie von der ganzen Sache sicher keine richtige Kenntnis hatten oder dass Sie das Opfer von Verleumdungen gewesen waren. Uraaoraehr hat es gerade mich betrübt als Sie nicht nur von den verschiedenen Berichtigungen keine Kenntnis nahmen, sondern nach Ankunft in diesem Lande mit keinem Wort von den damaligen Ver- leumdungen abrücken wollten. Ich darf betonen, dass diese meine lietrabnlß letzten Endes nur zu erklären ist aus der ausserordent- lichen Schcitzung, die ich für Sie als Journalisten sowohl wie als Menschen hege. Und nur dieser Schätzung ist es Ja zuzuschreiben, dass ich Ihnen heute diesen Brief schreibe, von dem ich hoffe dass Sie Ihn in dem Sinne verstehen, in dem er geschrieben Ist
wie immer
Ich bitte mich Ihrör Gattin zu empfehlen und bin
I^r
TCL.F>LA4A 3-0433
CABLE ADORCSS-RieSSTAM NFW YORK
i*'
CURT RlBSS
AMERICAN CORPESPONDENT OT PARIS-SOIR 54Q^KX EAST 57^-^ STREET NEW YORK CITY
\
IS.Macrz 1941
Sehr geehrter Herr Schwarz schlldl
Sie werden zwar Ich an Sie sehr elden kann, die Bj^ief, den Ich schrieb, Ist al Ihn geschrieben Stenograiiimbuch , te, Ist myRterl auftauchen soll
nicht ein Wort von diesem Brief glauben, den C^b^, aber er enthaelt, wie ich vor Öerlcht be-^. Wahrheit und nichts als die Wahrheit. IkpuPe:^^ l^^^^
vor ungefaehr zehn oder zwoelf Wochen an Sie eo offenbar verloren gegangen. Die Dame, die hat, beschwoert, ihn geschrieben zu haben, das aUR dem ich ihn noch einmal abschreiben v/oll— oeserv/else verschwunden« Falls es noch einmal te, lasse ich den l^rlef nocVirnals abschreiben*
In diesem Brief, den ich aus dem Qedaechtnis wiederhole, handel- te es sich um folgendes: Ich gab meiner Freude Ausdruck, dass die Affaere mit Klaus Mann beendet ist und ich gab damit auch . der Hoffnung Ausdruck, dasp ao4i»4t auch unsere "Affaere" beendet ^/ 1^^, zumal sie Ja eigentlich nie eine Affaere war. Ich ging dann noch auf einen Punkt ein, der mir schon seit Monaten auf dem Herzen liegt.
Wie Ihnen erinnerlich ist, fragte ich Sie im Auftrag meiner Freunde damals, ob Sie diese geviseen Beschuldigungen oder Behauptungen zuruecknehmen v/ol^en. Sie lehnten das damals ab, zumindest dem Sinne nacli lehnten Sie es damals ab, wir wollen uns Jetzt nicht ili^^»^ Formulierungen streiten. Spaeter hoerte ich durch Dritte etwa folgende Formulierungen: Schwarz echlld geht in Nev/ York herum und sagt, Kiaus Mann sei# ein Stalin Agent • Ich konnte schnell feststellen, daos ich die sogenannte Basis diesem Tratsches war. Ncemlich dadurch, dass ich auf- tragsgemaess meinen Auftraggebern Klaus Mann und Manfred Georg, vor allen Dingen Klaus Mann von Ihrer Weigerung einer Zuru*^eck- nahme Mitteilung gemacht hatte. Ich hi^e, wo loh immer konnte, sowohl bei K-^aus Mann, als auch bei Dritten sogleich klarge«- legt, dass Sie nichts dergleichen zu mir gesagt ha/tten und dass eine Antwort auf eine Frage oder die Ablelinung einer Zu^ ruecknahme ja schliev^^slich in Wahrung bereclitigter Ij^teressen erfolgt sei und keineswegs eine neue Beleidigung, Verleumdung oder wie irmner man es nennen wolle, darstelle. Sie werden ver- stehen, was ich meine, obv^ohl ich das sehr schlecht formuliert habe. Dies schrieb ich Ihnen damals, d.h. kurz nachdem mir das Geruecht zu Ohren kam, weil ich mir dachte, das^'^ es vielleicht
nuetzlich fuer Sie sein wuerde, etwas schwarz auf weiss in
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Haenden zu haben, falls In irgendwelcher apaeteren Z„kunft einmal irgendjemand alte Tratschereien auffrischen sollte.
Ich hoffe zuversichtlich, daas dieser Brief nicht verloren geht und bin mit besten ör^essen fuer Sie und Ihre Frau Oe- raalilin
Ihr
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Ot'Jgltial in the possesslon
OL tbo
Leo Baeck InL^lltute., New YorK
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tCL PLAtA 3-0.433
CABLE ADDRESS -PIIJÄSTAM NEW YORK
• *■ .■ <
CURT RiESS
AMERICAN CORRESPONDENT OF PARIS-SOIR
iä^OjÖ^^t^^^^ 57LH STREF.T NEW YORK CITY
5. Oktober 1940
Sehr geehrter Herr Schwarz schlld,
: ^ von meiner Reise nach Boston zurück-
gekehrt, habe Ich sofort mit Klaus Mann gesprochen, wie das zwischen uns verabredet war. Damit gar keine ^U sverständnlsse entstehen, mochte Ich das Folgende möglichst klar und präzis formulieren:
loh Ihnen Dienstag Abend sagte, nnmlich, zu einer Aussprache Ist, Sie standen also der waren falsch Informiert, wenn Sie
1) Es war durchaus richtig, was dass ^laus ^ann durchaus bereit unter einem falschen Eindruck, o das Gegenteil annahmen,
2) Klaus Mann steht allerdings a solchen Aussprache koiiien soll, er hält sich für den zu l^nrecht wissen, bin ich da ganz seiner Me nur Ich, sondern wir alle sind e und Freunden rechnen durften und rechnen dürfen»)
5) Ich würde also vorschlagen, dass Sie sich mit Klaus Mann In Verbindung setzen. Seine Adresse ist Hotel ^edford, 118 East,40th ^treet. Das Ver- nunft igete wäre wohl, wenn Sie ihn in seinem Hotel aufsuchen würden, bell- te dies Ihnen aber aus irgendwelchen Eirunden nicht angenehm sein, so schlägt Klaus l^lann meine V/ohnung als möglichen Treffpunkt vor. ich unter- streiche ausdrücklich, dass dies der Vorschlag Klaus Manns war, nicht der meine, ^ch habe ihm erklärt, dass Ich natürlich alles gern tue, um diese '^ache aus dt:r Welt zu schaffen, dass aber meine Wohnung in diesem Zusam- menhang kein neutrales Feld darstellt.
uf dem Standpunkt, das s, wenn es zu einer Sie den ersten ^"^ohrltt tun raUssten^ ^^x\n Angegriffnen und Beleidigten. (Wie Sie inung- und, wie ich hinzufügen darf, nicht 8, die Sie bisher zu Ihren guten Bekannten , wie ich hoffe, auch In Zukunft werden
4) ich habe noch einmal die eins gesehen und daraus entnommen, da kungen über den Schutzveroand De Mitglieder darin enthalten sind; in einem durchaus beleidlgenoe n dciss Sie sich dessen üoerhaupt n diese ganze Campagne vom -^hrera ^ v^lr sagen- unseriös und unüoerle in solchem ^Zusammenhang aufgeste nicht aufrecht zu erhalten.
chlägigea Nummern des Neuen Tagebuch durch- 88 viele beleidigende und unwahre Bemer- utscher Schriftsteller und einige seiner
unter anderem habe ich auch meinen Namen Zusanmenhang darin gefunden. Die Tatsache, Icht erinnern, lässt darauf schllessen, dass latt ein wenig übereilt, ein wenig - wollen gt durchgeführt wurde* ^mso mehr ^rund, ilte - oder nachgedruckte- -tiehauptungen
Ich kann verstehen, dar.s Sie un^;ern etwas zurücknehmen in einem Augenblick, in dem eine solche Zurücknahme aussieht, als erfolge sie unter dem Druck der Verhältnisse. Aber es geht Ja nicht an, dass ^ie beleidigende Aeusserun-
Origiual in tbe poßsession leo Baecl: Institute, »ew York
-2-
m
gen gegen unschuldige Menschen ( die Sie vielleicht im Besitz Ihrer Zeit- schrift und im Besitz einer für die Beleidißten unerreichbaren Position zurückgenommen hätten) nicht zurücknehmen, nur, weil diese Ihre Position sich verschlechtert hat oder - Höhepunkt des Paradoxes - ,weil sie nur durch das Eingreifen einiger dieser Beleidigten nicht zu einer vei'zweifel- teu geworden ist.
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Ich hoffe, daas durch diese Aussprache mit Klaus Mann wenigstens die An- gelegenheit zwischen ihm und Ihnen aus der Vvelt geschafft wird und verolei-
be in diesem Sinne
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EDITOR: KLAUS MANN
aJU/tH€tv^ af fkuouttwU
Board of Editorlal Advlsors
• Sherwood Anderson Wystan Audon Edward Benes Stephen Vincent Benfit G. A. Borgese Ernest Boyd Julian Green Horace Gregory Frank KIngdon Freda KIrchwoy Thomas Mann Somerset Maugham Robert Nathan Vincent Sheean Robert E. Sherwood Stefan Zweig
Dear Roader:
L
This is NOT sea- sonal advertising material.
Onoe in the course of a genera- tiou -- perhaps only once in the duration of a Century — an under- taking of such great proportions aa DECISION coffios into existance.
^Q feel that by sending you thia letter, it is sure to reach the hands . of one who can, at least, und er stand this far-reaching import of our pro- gram.
Briefly here is the story:
«
Ä nem monthly periodical, entitled DECISION, will ap- pear with its January issus. The publication is edited by Klaus ilarm, oldeat son of Thomas Llann, and representa a firm and unified stand many of the 7;orld's most re- nowned writers and thinkers are taking in the face of the forces operative today and militating against in- dependent creative work and intellectual liberty.
DEGISI0I7 magazine will be a nev7 type of cultural review in a distinctively modern tempo — an inspired • response to the vital need of our challenging and critlcal day. It is not subservient to any political group nor limited by any particular ideology. , - '
^^ . . • * - ' ' '
.Its Board of Editorial Advisors you will find
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f
llsted on the letterhead. Heed vre comment further? if so, the enclosed descriptive leaflot will suffice.
What could "better meet the need of our prä- sent day and age — now at precisely tliis moment of vital docision; and precisely here — where the Creative spirit can still carry on its play and werk unhaLcpered — last "bulwark of liherty, focus of cur hopes in the face of the decisive strugglo we are witnaasing of the spiritual dostiny of the -"■ planet.
Tho alternatives we are faced V7ith today really are -- the ain:les3 dissolution of the old ordor, Of itn volunt^"^v 'f;v'n-j-»p'"f*r>y.7-r.o4--? /->,-> 4-^-4.-. »^„r^.,,,
reasonable and inspired forn:3 of social lifo,
There \7ill "be no *'new order'^ except the one wo are ahlc to concoive and cre?-te.
Oura is the tcsk; ours the rGsponsihility; ours is the decisicn.
And yours, too, who read this letter!
First of all vre ask you, of course, to suh- scribe to DZCISIOrT yourself. The estahlished rate is $4.00 for the year's 12 issues, But if we have your Order before January 24, 1941 (this is a dead- line) you may take advantage of the special Founder Suhscription rate, which is ?J3.0C for the ycar (where- hy you save $1.00) — and we shall list your nazne as a Founder Suhsoriher,
• ...
■ Dntil Januar 7;' 24th you may enter suhscrip- tions for other people, also, at the canie §3.00 rate. We shall mail artistlc seasonal greeting Cards hand-signed 7;ith your name, to those to whom you give DSCISIOH as a gift.
Send US five subscriptions (each at the §3,00
..1
rate) and we shall supply you with a sixth free of Charge . So, fill in the enclosed card and mail it back in the reply envelope right away.* We pay the pos tage. •'-.:.
.■v*
Yery truly yours.
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George E. Seufert Managing Editor
quite probable, as is often the case with new ven~ tures of this kind, that we shall receive more Orders than we can supply with the first issue.
.If for some reason you cannot personally subscribe \o DECISION, fhen help us In other ways you can. Give us suggestions for the maga- zine which may occur to you. Give It some verbal publlcity among your friends and do us the favor of handIng the subscription cards ta others who you know will see In DECISION sonnethIng of far greater value to themselves than the subscription price. \
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Po5t£se WlüboPaid
Addresaee
Nooetsary IfMailodinthe \ United States
BUSINESS REPLY ENVELOPE
FIrtt aasa Permit Na 3SS98 See. 510 F. L. & R., New York. N. Y.
DECESION
141 Hast 29th Street NewYork, N. Y. :
I I I I ' 'litl I f "l «
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I ,mmt I [.jfc^iMJM
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DECISION. Inc. • 141 East 29th Street • New York City
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«ubscription rate of $3.00 effec.ive o"„]>. „««1^7;; 24, I94r"" '"" ""' D Enter the names I shall „rite on the rcvcrse ade of this card as cift subscriution«
° i^ l^c o?^.^^!' '' '"-' '''' -l^-nptions. Therefore. I am to r^ceive « "^
. 1 enclose $
A a m e
D Bill me later.*
• ' . • . » - ^
Address.
City
State.
;™ uif i"',r Liz^:::r.-,Tj.i:^\\'j;„i -;."- « «- "••« >• ^- -^^ .ub.cHpuo„ „:
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CONTENTS OF THE FIRST II SUE
Issues at Stake, (Editonal Policy)
Stephen Vincent Benet. America, 1941
Sherwood Anderson, A Short Story
Bruno Walter, Of War and Music Aldous Huxley, Dust
Poems, by Muriel Rukeyser, Delmore Schwartz. etc.
Horace Gregory, Tendencles and Achieveme its of Ameri- can Poefry
Henri Bernstein, Reflections on a Lady in Blue (With the reproducfion of a picture by Manet in K/1r. Bernstein's possession.)
Janet Flanncr, Paradise Lost (Paris Souvenirs]
Jean Cocteau, The Ruins of Paris (lllustrated l;y W. Thony)
Stefan Zweig, Letter from South America
THE MONTH: Books —
Three ConfeSSionS (Theodore Dreiser, \nno Morrow Lindborgh, and Eleanor Roosevelf) — roviewed y KIflus Mann.
Hemingway's new novel — reviewed t/ christopher
Isherwood.
The Pilgrim Hawk, by Glenway Wescofi -rcviowod by Ernesf Boyd.
Broadway— By Thomas Quinn Curfiss.
Music— By Leonard Amster.
Art — By Jeromc Klein.
Founder Subscriptions at the special rate of $3.00 will be accepted until January 24, 1941.
\
Please do not deduce from onything we hove said about Decision that it will be ad- dressed to a minorify group of intellectuals only. For from that. Decision will be a very human work — ad- dressed to all of human kind. It will be a great joy to all who hove realized in their lives a degree of culture -^ a rcally remarkable means of self-improvement for oth- ers who experience a move- ment in that direction.
.«;-.^
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SOME OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS TO APPEAR IN EARLY ISSUES
Ernest Boyd, Andre Gide (Article) ^'•' '
Somerset Maugfiam, English Style (i^ssay)
Thomas Mann, The World Civil War
Louis MacNeicc, Coming Home (A I ondon Diary)
Clarcnce Streit and Alfred M. BLighom, Union Now, and Pan-Europe (Two articies)
Jim Tully, The King of Loughtcr (A Portrait of Charlie Chaplin)
Maurice Samuel. The Destruction of ntelllgcnce ' Picrro Lazarcff, General de Gaulle {^ Portrait) Andre Gide, Diary, 1940
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Horace Gregory, William Faulher (Arficle) Frof. LasT^Io Gabor, New Trends in Architecture ;'B\'IS0, Alvarcz Del Vayo, The South American Dilemma ''*^' 'i^'^'V^^ ' Klaus Mann, The Presont Greatnoss of Walt
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Whitman
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Wilder Hobson. Jazz . ^v... •;'-;^'. • ",• . ••• .;■:■'/.'.: y !
Max Brod, Letter from Palesti -^ '^^^' '^^' ' ' •'-'''■^« '
Dr. Martin Gumpcrt, Outsiders of Science Vladimir Nobokov, Literature under Stalin
OTHER^SÜBJECTS TO DE COYERED: Si vey of Plans for the Post-War World; Whithcr American Ybüth? ^NS^.KßM^h- .'Literature; Directory of Famour. ^cfugees; The Anti-Fascist Underground; Education in Italy; H. G-WelFs Vision; / ^.^^#^
A Survey of Anti-Nazi Movies; etc. \.\: - v' 'j Vt/^iVi^ ^;:
NEW SHORT STORIES. by Eleanor Cark. Nocl Coward. Bruno Frank, James Laughlin. Carson McCullers. Robert ft- Nathan, Kathorine Ann Porter, Frederic Prokosch, Glenway Wescott Vi , ' '
" "'" ' . . ; • "', i'lv' y. : .. ' ' . " '■
NEW POEMS, by Wystan Auden. Ivan Goll, Eugene Jolas, John T. Latouche, Horace Gregory. ArchifeM'MacLeish. Mi>,Vf» Seiden Rodman, Muriel Rukeyser, Franz Werfel, William Carlos Williams, Dylan Thomas. ; :% ■: • ^ ^fc^^^^^^^^^^^^^
CRITICISM. by Max Ascoli, Wystan Auden. R. P. Blackmur. G. A. Borgese, Ernest Boyd, Herman Broch, Eunice ^^r Cldrk. Julian Green. Christopher Isherwood. Henry Miller. Robert de Saint-Jcan. Delmore Schwartz. Edmund Wilson.'SP
SYMPOSIUMS ON SUCH SUBJECTS AS: Freedom of the Press. Mission and Function of the Film (with ^ontributions ^ from the most outstanding movie directors. actors and screen writers). The Negro Problem. SIegmünd FreudV ^' ^''' Influence on the Modern Novel, and Books I Have Wanted to Write (telling about literary proiects which authors '^
chcnshed buf ncver carricd out). '
'X'
" V.i, '
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REGULÄR COLUMNS ON BOOK. ART, THEATRE, FILM, DANCE, AND MUSIC.
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Lieber Klruc rrnnj
V.Mr ' olion aie Korrer>pondoa7> nio t vorlnonc^^rn.Abcr oinio;o lairior.o : isa-Infor- nrtioncn ^:]oeohto irj] ni-ilit uut>^rloiiLij-t laö
f3ie fprocliirü von :i''Tno:.i r>rlef 'rn .reda iliroliv/r^y un;", 7/itioronpiiit .\nfuchrun,:rv f.triolion, orte c:ornur>» 'Q^j\r\ Kdri Oe-^ia^ohtnis und moino :or>i*'trat\n- ni^^ht {-wav. \x\\(\ ;ar cie- fckt cinrl^orlrtlcrt Inin l^rlef von riir '.Vl
Dnnr) roll in noine^i Brief rn ^.urt Rieoo wStcliBiijioix ^l'^ubto no.'.! iiouto an Ilire Vorgnn^-enh( it ^In u'oni »Do i ::lor>t5^r;r ^ j^.-t, riohti^'^liabo i ^!i ,:oßO;iru3hen^.vb(n' la-ia ort dieses Inbnlts* onii .lio on \r'r.onr,''*:i ii^rto.t die Kopie zu Iliror Vorruof:\i!i. ;•
l>.'.n p.ll(.'r,,Gol'Lroib(jii ;:ipjv;r;r nioht besonder c nett •
]^r.n n'.lcr \::^.v ueborhnupt nioiit. Aber Sie \\ u;>n i:eohu^in tu r cit. ,eLcl.i.Mte wird <irr> \'dnc -ollo f:pi(\l»^n,UM/i 'i ii d-lOvSor Uoberoincti'xaunt: beijinieöLJo iou ::ie
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Za rlol oi.loi 0«^ ^•eov;jct-/\i:ont/'*i\bi'r Icl. :>'CO Mino. ivdhiüu i Gc:* uacoD^dtr,?, o.^lb^t !:> clo ijtlr.riun(i jciieo Au^^onblN^k;: und 1.:i • I^iitrernuxv.^ Iroln ^"odrink(5 tiarrui be['>trnd^Jliiieu ornatlich ein * blMirt^inr^rit^ito- und nrcotiliton -Vorhnoltnir. rri 1 Yrrnuv/olobor * o'^et.-i nr.tan:- lmp-:ti(jrcn '/.v olLon. iv '. ron orro\.t.^von Innon
nobnlicli von den vornoi.iOAlriifirtii:r>^on iroun-Gn uiid Vortoldicorn ^ot^" ur r^i;f:n, L ur« (m^lTnc^ wir v;olltc3n yxivi Au5tii*uo': br'-n;;on^(i rv ^lln dicjr.o AVt;u:;ioatat Ionen rrit dox* bnaoo, :liG]iI:oi t^ocbon klnr 'ZU i^^<uion \uh <i'a irt- 11. :\\i iV oiJ oi^^objoktiv mu* oino i'oor- e^un -; der* . '0^-'.ict-Vr>t^dr^^l.ui\;cn aci±y öoicn^
In :.u!io (;^-;^oIirioboa und ^;ol' — oon^hnt dnr ort A{'ont nnt/vioillcl^ einon *^n(;ci'ca Sinn und *• r. tut nir loid^dfics:) i ^ .obr. U'V t in- o. Abo- cOiC^.nt »'-'r m^^\;rs 1.(r' 'il :' r:* :;o,
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CurriculüB vltae of Erich C « • p (? r , B<»rllTi-V.ar5nß#^, W^rr^ratr, 10.
I was born on 2 July 1880 In Lerlin ae eon of the ü.erchant iiprr.arn C a a p ^ r and hie wlf#» Ida rYlpdprik«» bara, n4« I011«r, MiPT thp firal <»x«r tnat Im et a huiranletlc gypnasiuo. (granjirar school) I b#»carp 111 and aft(pr rpccnvalf öc*»nce I ^nit^TPd In 19üü th* «dltorlal et äff of the "borllner : orrer.poct" and tli« "Eprlln«»r 2>ltunF", At the sriji;© tiire I *ent to College and etudied 8 t^rne polltical oconoui' and th« law at th« berlin Uriverolty,
1904 I b#cac# n*D)b«»r cf tb* ^cjttorlal st äff of th# flnanclal Journal "Plutue" wblch was fcund by G<»crg i<^rnhard, 8icultan*»cu6 X wae corir*»rclal correspondent of tb^ Vl<»nna n*»w8pap«»r "I>i« /fit" and of tVe "füncKpn^^r Kauest« Nacbricbtf^n, b*^ycnd 1 wae all round corrpepond«nt of tb* "New Yorker i'crren cournal" publisbed by the W.r., liearst Concern ard of tbe "Kp^ York /^e^ican"* Aft«=r- wards ^ wap Ter f yenre nubliebor chlef (Veriag-eleiter) of tbe flnancial Journal "Die Banl", whcse publisber Alfred Laneburirh was • ^
*..^^?i^ K^^^ ^^^^ ^^ departrent (Abtellunfsleiter) in tbe publiebinr bouee Ullstein ^ publiebing of newspapers and pro- fessional Journals), ^
■H 4 ^L^F'^^. ^ •'*^^"^, *^* *"^y ^* ^^<* ^V Grenadier r.fglDcnt ^.önlg t-rledrlcb II (Feccrd east pruesian regicent). After iry disntseal I becace llal5cn.officer of tbe presr-offlce of the OberKOEjiando uet xCowno and «ilna. At tbe saü-e tite ^ »ae busv at the Publishing bouee Jlletein,
-^, ^" ^^^^ ^ becarre bead of tbe precs Office of tbe Foreign Office, spcticn Kear Snrt witb the cbief aobaseador ^clicidt- Llekopp«
In iri9 I wae cbief of the financial Journal "tagazin der virtechaft" of the "I onatag l.orgen" and the "lagebucb", (publisber cf these thrre pulllcaticne wae i^fopcld uciiwarzechild) ,
In 1932 I waf publleher cbief (Verlafsleit^r) of tbe financial Journal "'Alrtcchaft und Arbeit" (pubÜBher i^rof. IfT, Goetz Lrlefs).
i-Vor 1933 to 1S39 I wae pro forca advertislng agent (Anzeigenvertreter) of the sacie Journal, becauö« of the regu- laticns of the nazl-regine cy actlvity aa Jcurnalist and Publishing cbief (Verlagsleiter) was prcbiblted,
hYot. 194ü to 1944 I had to be "iiilfearbelter" (bard labour) at tbe ADG.
hYon January 1946 to autu&n 1947 I was bead of the letter- box-office of tbe newspaper "Der i crgen",
- ^"roir 1 January 194P after very carefully exnninaticn by ^nfcriraticn Ccntrol Liect icn, L^gf^eetr., I got tbe licence cf tbe Acerican Mlitary Gcv*>rnnent B 23Q for the eetabliebuent of tbe pedafogical "Turn- Verlag", now "Conenius-Verlag", tbe licence of wbicb I et 111 poeeees.
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kB 0vpry Ji>w I >av# b#»^n Inc^Fsant ly ^^^rrpcuted by tn© ' national soclallstlcal autborltleß* In the contrary to coßt cf i^y rurderpd r#lativ<»f; ard t>llow-bi»llPVi>re| enprclilly of ny eldest dau^iUf^r Iren ay first carria^ti who waß n.urdtred on thp tranpport to HUa^ I ßucceeded In pr^i^ndlnf the authcrttl#s of thrjt tln#, vy wlfp wae Aryan and would procf It as soon ac poFPlMe by prccurlnf thi» n^cf»Ffary pa^i^rs» In thiF way I Fucceeded in av#rt ing the depcrtatlon whdch wac Inrediatly Irtrtn^nt at ßev^ral tinec# As tbe papers of oy wifo ehowpd two aryan grard-parerts shf* pacoed for "Mpchlinp of flrpt defr^e". Od acccurt cf tbie tcth of us w<»re forcpd to wear tbe ^rwicb ctar (lavid etar) but we vprXuvf^d by our own antborlty to put it away« Againft the local Population wp Dr^t^ndi^d that wi^ wpre aiiow^o not to wpar tbf» Star b<»caupe ry wifp wpre Aryan and 1 wer© "I/lecb« ling cf tbe flr^t defTP#^" cn ciccount cf tv^io aryan ^r^^^^* pareritct Irut with tbe autboritleß tl ic ar^ urrentat icn cculd not be uped: wp only referred tben that ry wife war Aryan and wo'Jld brlnf tb^ dccurr^ntat Ion for lt# «e hnö nc advan* tafp cf tbip decepttoni in tbe contrary our life wnB füll cf fenr Tin'i darr^r^ hrcaurp ev^ry d^y it rruld le dlFCovrred tVa t we wer^- JewCt IJrt il tbp pnd of tbe war we also cnly gct the ratl crc wMcV wrre provided for ,ewe*
, . , • • - • . ■'
At tbe ßc-called üitnier **i. i- Akt icn" cy wife alec pre- ter.ded to be Aryan i to prot pct botb of us and che wcrked for FPVPral ncntbps at the Keereebpkleidunrpart VVelreenpee and run tbe riFk cf diaccvery and deportaticn.
We wrre perrecuted per^cnF in thf füll ceij&e cf thle wcrd* iefcre 1933 I poFFesped ry apfirti.ent fcr Zi yearci but in tne iUtlPrlan yearp we wptp tcrccd by the ü^Ptr?pc, Ü3 or ra2iPtlc letter to Chance our lod^ing each tiiLe after a ßbort period^ so that we had to chan^;e our apart rent fron. 3ü#3.1933 to l.f#194f abcut 16 tinea* öur Situation was very danpercus tpcaure we did not wear the etar agnirrt the law^ but we had tbe ^jewipb idfrtitycard and the atar with u£ and durlrig every control we had tc expect the arreet« wn acccunt cf th Is cur aituaticn waa eirular tc all ;;ew8 wbo lived llleg^il in Ciprnany* Lefidee this in ir43 I bave been arreated In the Gpst ano^cart)«
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TRICOLOR
La France Libire in America
I KHsi 57ih Sir^^i - .\«^w York 22^ I%\ W - Pl^xa a-l02:t
Mr. LeoDold Schwarzschild 225 East 57th Street New York City
May 16th, 1944
Dear Mr. Schwarzschild:
Enclosed, please, find the check for your articie aDriearin^ in the June issue of TRICOLOR.
Very sincerely,
•l^ "^Xaajim)
Hilda Auersperg
TRICOLOR
JLa France Lihre in America
I ¥.HHi 57lli Sireei - .\>w York *rz. \. Y. - FLiixa a-l02:i
Mr» Leopold Schwarzschild 225 East 57th Street New York City 22
June 20th, 1944
Dear Leopold Schwarzschild:
Enclosed, please, find the check for your article, TRUST THE OTHER GERlvIANY?, which will run in the July issue of Tricolor«
Many thanks from all of us - we are so happy to publish youl
Very sincerely,
Hilda Auersperg | _ /
■-«^-^i»- m^ I I ^
WCoioR
a new American newsfront
1 east 57th street . new york 22, ny • plaza 8*1023
oO. AiiPiust, 1944
Lieber Leopold Schv^arzschild :
Ich v/ollte Ihnen r-erne nitteilen, dass ich Tricolor verlasse.
Die '^ebersetzunp; Ihres Artikels habe ich Bart .Viner gelassen (to be edited). Sie v/erden also nicht *^ehr von nir, sondern ent^.^-eder von ihm oder von l^'adame Lecoutre hoeren,
Bitte den'-en Sic ^n raich, v/enn Sie einnäl einen hrp-eisterten Uelersetzer brauchen. Meine Adresse ist: Nev ;/eston Hotel, 31 East 49th Street, PL 3-4800, TCxt. 1056.
Hoff^nti T ob haben Sie einen an.'^enehnen Urlaub verbracht!
Herzliche G-ruesse ,
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HoTti. Ni:w WtsTON
MADISON AVENUE AT 50'" STREET NEW YORK 22. N. Y.
6. SeptexTiber, 1944
.1
Lieber Leopold Schwarzschilä:
Eben bekam ich folbenden Brief von Ivlrs* Knopf: "Ivlany thanks for your letter of Aut^ust a4th together with the three issues of the TKICüLOR, which incluäes samples of your translations. If you have the original of these, i would like very mach to see them so that \e can more easily äecide v;hether your translations are the kind of v/ork v;e norraally use« In the ruean- time etc«..»"
Darf ich üie um die grosse trefaellickeit bitten mir eine deutsche Kopie Ihrer zv;ei bereits in TKICÜLOK erschienenen Artikel zu diesem Zwecke zu leihen? Ich wuerde sie fuer Urs. Knopf abschreiben und Ihnen na- tuerlich Ihr iMS zurueckschicken*
Vielen Dank im Voraus und beste üruesse,
Hilda Auersperg
\
Febr*a^4j
Liebor Vlco 3a »^r:
Gosccrn Abend ilaui ich üic^.t ^chr dazu^Ilinen die pa ar Notizen za 'ichioi.en. Ich tue es heute in gro3:jer Eiio — und ait grosser
Afcneigunti .
Ich d.nktpc: ist r.ic?ialich bekannt, dass ich in den
Prägen, .M die e^ hi:^r gfht,i:amer einu Stellung quite apart von ie» der ganzon 'leatschen Presse hatte. Seit 25 Jahren habe ich ,in Deutschland und ausserhalb DeutsohlanJ3,iraatr die ga;ize Schuld ai:. leitkrieg I auf Deutschland ^-eschobrn. liiiaier habe ich lie ..itschula ai^t-r ort,ani3i(rt€-n politischen r raffte, insbesondere der Sozia ideinokrat-dn, daran be auptet* Idmer habe ich uthaui.tt t,«las3 die ^Kevolution^' ..eiue Hevol.tion v./ar, sond .^n dass aie traditionellen Kraof tt ,vor ajLlem riio Armee, Deuts ::liland weiter beherrschten* Li^cr habe ich den Vcrsailxtjr Vertrag ein ünglueck gemannt, nioh' w^ 11 er za hart sei,s .andern weil er im wesentlichen die Verkocrperuiig örv gaenzii -h uto;istischtn Traeumerein '»vilsons sei.I mar habe ich b^-hauptet^dass Deutschland aie .lej^arationen z hlen ..oe.4ae,und sic^ nur durc)l ^ran: iosc Trici^s aariua irueckc. Immer seit d«.:n ersten Re^unf:.cn in; Jahre IvJl'j h .be ich den deutschen Uiderstand ge^en die Atruestung,urid spatter die a liaehiiche Ulederaufruestuiui bek*: empf t — und vjT dem Unsinn di r "Vtelt-Abrui stimg-' gev.arnt.Iimaer habe ich ai.ge- klagt die natloncilis tischen Oerichte,aic nationalistische i'rzi.^hung,die naticnali3ti:^chen K.'aefte,and den na tioncili:^ tischen G. i:;t in Deutschj-and. Das alles war vor Hitler, lange vorher — von der spaeteren 2.eit brauche ich nicht zu rtdePt^^ehr als 5 ■ Barnde a^einer Zeitschriften in der Public Library — und eine von den vier, aie ich hatte, fehlt sojar, — sind Zeu^e dessen.
Wenn Ich be-ondere Erelf:nissc er^aehnen soll: ^v* V.ei->e Opposition g^^g^en die i\cparationsvorv;t.igeruji,M; von iJi.^: und dcn^^Riü'irkrif'f/^ von 1j^'3— eine singulacrc Sache in der c^nzen deutschen • Presse. f . ,.. ^ ;. • ^ „■.;■• .
, '.. Hf^inc; Aufdeckung; <ler ''schvarE^n n^achi-vchr ^ ebt^iifali.^ ij.::o,
Jif^in Kampf In dem so^^t nannten *Taii Buller Jahn'- von la 1 bis it\ja 1988 — es haride..te sich dhvvm, da^s ein Mann namens B\ali^:rjHhn,w ü er vorsteckte hanonrohrc^ an dit alliierte ..ilitaerkonircA*.le verraten hstte^vom Relchsg^^rinht zu lebenslacngliche..: ?:uchthaus verurt ilt worden war*
Die Auf deck :g der Tats:^che,dass äk^v ael r ste ..miel - ilhc lins il als Offizier in die Heichswfhr el;;ge.steilt v/ordv;n w-r.Dor General von Sceckt^.;er auc^. nach meiner Vt^rocff vntlich..ne; den lieichsvv^hrriiinister noch ut;:er die Sache belog, v/ur^if^ schliesslich t^ntlasscn.
D^r i.:rosse Prozess ,^cfcen den Slavttsanivalt telai teichs^ericht Jörns, (Xen ich bezichtigt hatte, als Froki-rator der soge.rinnten ••r'ricade I'lirh.':rd^' — der ersten militaerischeü riakcxikreuzler-ForaaLi'jn — ge-isse niti.onalisti3che loerder, gegen die er Ankla-re zu erheben h;.tte, nici.t verfolgt, sondern beschuetzt und schliesslich aus de*a '-*efaengiiiss herau.^tioscbjiiuggelt zu h.^ben»Der Prozeüs futhrte zur Lncla^su g des Jörns aus deiD Reichsijericht — h* ute ist er oberster Prokur c^tor anj^f
«
dem Obre-Ften "VoUksg töricht " in Benin.Der Prozejs w\..rae m d*,n Jahren läi;?.i-l.wi?)v" nicht weniger als f uenf ;;ial verhand lt,d runter i:. xiiai vor de'T! Heichegericht, Jörns* eigenem Gericht,
i^oine 40 Seiten lange Hnter uchung des deutschten j^iilitaerbuagets im Jahre 13;cb,in de» nachgewiesen war,aass jedes Pfunci l^'eLt uiiu jecer Putzlaj'pf^n d;.*r neuen A-^mee angeblich 8-lo mal soviel kostete wie in der alten»
/
3, ..;: ilelne Aufdeckung des 3 OKeij.; rillten "Lohinann-Skawdals" ii> der Kelchswehr (lä";? ?) — uer Nachweis, daüs die Armee sich cineii komiaer- zlGlitn Konzern aii^eglltdtrt hatte, 7>t verschiedene Flrmen,von Flla-Firaen bis zu Sp,-ck-Firiairi,'JBJ ui-h N.ben-I innahi.tn zu verschaff cxi. Ich ^ccnnte Seilen lai^; i.> f^rl fahren, -bcr Ich dcnirc^es u^rjuegt
Ihnen.
ßiin a vous
■r •
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Londjon, S.W.1* 4th Februaiy, 1944,
To The Right Honoui^ble Lord Beavorbrook, Arlinf^ton Houee, Arlin£ton Street, 3* . 1 •
Uy Lord,
( '
(
With reference to an article by Mr. H.a. Vells in the last edition of the iL^iday Express (3Cth l^atfwuary) I venture to encroach on your valuable tin>e. Ab thie paper prxDudly carriee the v:T>rds ''founded by Ix>rd ioaverbrook", I u^y j- rhaps Intrcduce my^ »elf by stating tiiat I am, though only in a amall way your coli- cague as a foiondür-publiaher of the international v/oekly mentioned in the thix^ coluiui of the article referi^d to. To avoid mia- understariding I wiah to point out that I am a Dutchr.^an and, af ter a few years of niani^'old Underground activies iia the He the -r aiids under Nazi rule, Oiily an-ivcvl in this ccuntiy aor^ aix Tnonths ago»
ft. - ■ • *
The puriose of this letter is to express my deep concem that an article containing such znisstateinents as those pezpetrated by Mr. II. G. V/ells ahould be published in your paper. A man of hi» intellectual steiJidinc and prestige ahould not let himaelf be carried ar/ay by v;lxat I l^mcine must be a personal grudge against that splendid political mind aiid v/riter - i^rofessor D.W. Brogan. Ihe cpinion of Kir. H.a. Wells about tho ^.ork done by such people as uy f riend and lartner LeCi:.old Schvvarzschild for the allied cause against hcavy odis <.ver since 193j;, la/a itaclf open to 'jriticisia, but to slate that 3chv^^arzri.:hild, hijii- seil' a Jew, "sn.^'ers at Jews^, "is a biood-brother of Coerlng when it oomes to things of the mind" is nothing short of ridic* ulous.
V^ells
IrtliAt Das Neue Tagebuch v/.as in rtmlity :'r. II. G. could liave bettor asked ^uch grjat r^ngliah^üen as '.injjton Churchill and Sir Austen Cha .berlain ;vho like Harold Nicolson and vrickham Steed have honoured us \rith their valuable and mc^st aopreciated contributions.
I do not th nk that it is realDy neocssaiy i'or me to take any action or write in public against . r. H.a. Y.'eiis, but I do hoj^^e, that you as a Briten, v;hi.;h in ray ; ind is synonymous with all that is fair, vdll see to it tliat the text of this article will h^ cabled to the incriniinated author of that "massive 1/ stupid book" - nvorld in Trance".
I Bm aiire thal noti/ithatanding ?.*♦ H. C. Tfells th^ readers of the Sundoy Ksq recn hax^e long av/akenod from their •trance* aa Britain*ß splendid v/nr cffort t)roves cvor and ov.;r a ain#
Besides being your oolleague aiid..£ood neighbour.
f •
I re'Ain, ray Loi*d,
your Lordsiiip'ö Ljoat obedient soxvant,
r •
1
Licutcnaht J.C.S« ^Varendorf
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ROB. Ist Lt* Dr» J.C.S. WareiTTlorf 1 |
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9 |
London, 3tJi Pebniary 1%U.
Dear Profescor Brx)gnn,
AlthoTi^ p. tot^l stranger to you I beg to hand you ljeiwd.th oopy of a lettcr, v;hich I sent ort to x>ru Deeverbi-ook a few d.^.ys ago« I tlii^Jc itfi oontf.*nt8 er^^^ain the Situation fully enoii^^li, bat xnay porhaps add hoiv very mich I appreciated both yoixr Inti^oduotion to " Torld in Trance" and your i^ply to TT.a. Volls in bhe Sundoy Express of the 6th inst.
Ifcedleös to a'd tliat I diould welcojie an opportunity to -Lake your personal acnuaintrnce eith ?r in '^jondon. or at wrmbrid^ (l do a good der! of lectui-inf* on Ifetiierlandc r^^üistancc for the l'Jix-a.JtjQ'' of InfoiTuation arul British Council and one day tlils ria;/ lead wiG to Jrjrfüridge)»
I am^
SiTfoerely yours.
j.d
ftrofcGSor D#V/. Broßan^ Petoiiioase rrofeaBor, Ociinbrldsc »
JCS /io
ndorf •
I I
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MOTEL
CIRCLE 7-6363
HAM
136 WEST 55thSTREET NEW YORK CITY
Le 3 D^cembre 1942.
Cher l.lr# Schimrzschlld,
Je vous adresse mes vlves feliclta- tions pour votre llvre "World In Transe". Ce que vous exposez est absolument vral, mala 11 est trÄs k cralndre que l'exp6rlence cruelle des vlngt derniöres annees n'alt servl i rlen# Bn effet, en Angleterre et en Amerique, 11 est beaucoup de gens, et de fort Influents, qul crolent encore que, pour gagner la ^uerre, 11 auf fit d^obtenlr la dlsparltlon de Hitler par une Sorte d'accord, dans la ooullsse, avec 1» Etat-Major allemand.
Sl vous r6sldez a New York et sl cela vous convient, J*entrerals volontlers en rapports avec voue, car Je suis le spöcla- llste fran^als du Pangermanlsme# II y a donc lonfTtemps que J'al, mol-memelf en France, expos6 des ld6es et des constatatlons analogues a Celles que j'al trouvees dans votre tres remarquable llvre ♦
Tres sinc&rement.
^'^ P
^J^y^^W^^
1^
i
Dr. A* Ciffrin
325 Central Park ffest, Daniel Guggenheim '
SCHOOL OF AERONAUTICS
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY HEIGHTS, NEW YORK 53, N. Y.
New York 25,N,Y.
TELEPHONE: RAYMOND 9-2000
August 12, 1944
Mr« Leopold Schwarzschild 225 East 57th Street New York City, N.Y.
Dear Mr. Schwarzschild:
I hope you will remember me; yet, let me refresh your memory: on the brink of the opening of hostilities, August 1939, I paid you a visit at your office in Paris. I hence proceeded to England, pursuing aeronautical post- graduate studis, and, since July 1940 I am here and now on the Aeronautical Research Division of the Guggehheim School of Aeronautics, N.Y.U. - Year after year, when I visited Paris, you found time to discuss at length things of common interest with me (amongst others: the Orchestra and Festival Scheme for Palestine).
The splendid discussion of your book over the Radio last week « my meeting a cousin of yours Otto P. Schw. in the house of one of my best friends, the Sobernheims (from Berlin) - prompted me to seek a meeting with you. True, you may be very busyj but probably less than in Paris. Your taking part in the discussion of postwar planning should,to my humble opinion, receive the greatest official Support, and be embodied into actünl
I hope to hear soon from you.
Very sincerely yours
frith Aai/ €»fn/f/inte'nls /5
'Totn,
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MOUNT HOLYOKE COLLEGE
SOUTH HADLEY, MASSACHUSETTS
Fehri-iary 6, 1945
Dear Kr. Schv/arzschild :
The Internat iorial He]ations Club of [:onnt Ilol^^oke nolle^-e is planninp; a seven colle^^e Conference to he at ^'.ovint HolyoVe on i'riday an<^- Satv^r^^av, Febrvrary ?•?> anri 24, and to vv^ ich we sre invitin^ dele^ates fron the Intern^'ti onal i"?elations Clubs of oFiith, Radcliffe, V/rllesley, V^ssar, Barnard, and Br^m ivlawr. The topic to be discvissed is ''Oermany in the Post -v;a r V /o r 1 d ^\
We should very much like you to he one of our Speakers, dealinp" v;ith some asnects of the economic question involved. V/e are planninrr to have oiPTiund Neum^nn, v/ho v/ill treat the politncal aspects of the problem.
We hope to open the Conference ]''ri^av nirht "/ith a public meetin^r addressed by botb s[)eakers arid open not onl^^ to t^-^e confe-ence '^^eler^Fites bnt to the e tire Ptn^^ant hodv of Mount liolyoke '-olle^^e. 'i'he Conference wi].l continne on aaturda:/^ with separ^^-te ineetinp^s of two conr i i ssions , probably econonic and oolitical, in the norninp* an'' a rrep.evpl con- cludinp* ^isc^'SS Jon in t^e afternoon.
The Internationa] -:elations Olnb invites 'ro^^ to snend i^rJday niP'ht es tne erbest of the colle-^e p.-'-"^ to ^articipnte in the sessions of Vre economic conmission and in t>ie discussion on Saturdav afternoon. For this Service v/e crm offer fron our linited bn^^^et the ^er^r rioninril fee of thirty-five dollars in additi'^n to ^^our entert inne^:t in South Hadley.
hope very nnch t-at '/ou v;ill find it possible to acce-t ' invitation,a -:'■'' ^^^e wo'ild appreciPte j.t if you ^"ould v/ire
V'e
our
US your answ'-^r collr^ct. Y/e ere ve-^^r Panr^r to neve the
Conference a p-reot success beca^se it '^ealn v.'ith a problem
of n-pe-itest inportance for the f .itur^ sec r^tv of the
v/orld.
Yonrs sincerely,
Patricia OouvSins öecretary of the IntP.rnntlonal RelPtions Club
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J5i lOVRTH AVENUE, NEW YORK 16, N. Y. MURRAY HILL 3-ÜHUJ
Mr. Leopold Schwarzschild 225 East 57 ^trset New York 22, N. I.
Dear Mr« Schwarz schildt
April 6, 1945
Please excuse cur delay in answering your letter in connection with our Statement»
We have asked several other publishers, agents and legal experts thelr opinlon, V<e are sorry to have to inform you that not one cousidered our statement incorrect,
We wish, however, to stress the fact that we do not want to do anythiag eise but live up to the conditions of the contract, I shall, therefore, be only too glad to discuss this matter with you again whenever it is corivenient to you.
Sincerely yours,
F. H. Landshof f
L, ü. Fischer Publishing Corp.
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A. N. WIUUIAMS PRESIDENT
W E S TE RN
UNION
1201
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SYMBO
DL-D«yUtter
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LC-DeferredCable
NEWCOMB CARLTON CHAIHMAN OF THE BOARD
J. C. WILLEVER
FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT
NLT-C»ble Night Utter
,Cp: •, 10 .,, ^„.^ STANDARD TIMi. .t pomt of ongu.. T.me of receipt i, STANDARD TIME at point oT^^
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LEOPOLD SCHWARZESCHILD= 5 AM «» g«
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A^l EXTRE^IELY H^PPy FOR YOU AMD V/,TH WloVE^TO YOü BOTH- 3Rürj| FRArJK» .
TOT COMPAOT WILL APPMÜCIATB BU0aE5TI0N8 PROM ITS PATBONS CONCBKNINQ
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513 NORTH CAMDEN DRIVE BEVERLY HILLS, CALI FORNIA
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Dear kiT.Getts:
I v.ant tu lid^orm jüu that tJne Oeaii of rrlct:;ton^Theologicai öeuit- i.avjphas inviteci lue to s^eait ther< rie>wt lonüay^axid that I have accipt'd./^o fte i.s beilig paid — it ib oni> for the toachcrs,>^evereiids exciuslvc^y-- so I think you havc nu objt-?ctiuiiS»
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TELEPHOKE: MUSEUM 0828 (Tm>iJ2»ES), TEJLEGBAMS: HAMISHAM WESTCENT. LONDON, «rr ''fABLES. HAMISHAM.rONtoON.
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Hamish Hamilton Ltd.,
90, Great Russell Street, London, W; C. 1.
Octüber 15. 1943.
Leopold 3ch\varz3Cliild , L^ 2Z^j, iiast 57t?i Street,
öci
Dear Lr. SchwarzdChild ,
Thaniv yju xor your letter to Mr. Ho\vs v\/ho ic uniortunately throu^h ill-health.
of uiU^Uöt 24, addrecöed abserit froin the oiiMce
I am afraid that \;e only have a ^in^le aet of your newcpaper clippln;;^ in tliic oirice and we are reluctant to entrust thein to the i-iail, ac on a provioui3 occa^ion our only set was loot ii\ tran^it to aiiotiier .'i.nericau author. I chall be ^lad, howe-^tr, to K^t^ud you the aet in a few wecKs tirne, v/hen the cuttini^s v/ill no lon^er be required for advertiöin^ purpo^e^. LeaxiWiiile, I eiiClOöt* a lew pulls of advcrticei..entö \^hiCii cuxitain ciuotationa fron the principal opiniona. ^ou will see that tliere have been nany enthu^ia^tic reviei,i/ci .
\/e had not previouoly heard fron Dr. Landchoff that you were writin;; a ^equel fcr ^ilfred ilnopf, but I aui deli^hted to have the nev.s. llo one id in a better po^ition than yourcelf to 'vvan: Britain and iiUierica of the pitfullB of the next p^ace. Indeed, your wOid-jJ lii Ti-üUIOi: huo done this already for anyone \.ith enou^h ina^ination to under^tand your ncööaiie. I au uarticularly plea^eu to feel that the cUCce^Q in thi^ country of .^OULD H. TiiiillüL! will have been instrunental in pavin^. the way for the publication of a dubsequent volULie. Urs. Knopf i^ in London just now, and I ohall tatcö an early opportunity of usiLin^ her about your ABC 03? T:ili PliAÜli.
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DIRECTORSr-HAMlSM HAMILTON /V.n*^/>7^Z>/rec^or/ P. P. HOWS , D.W. BROGAN, SIDNEY G. DAVIS
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I irjugine that it ia too late to rnake a au^gestion, tut I an: not Qure that ^^'ö ^hort cliapter^ would be aö effective a uethod of presentatiorj as, say, 12 lon,ier onea. However, this is a uatter for yju to deciüe and it inay vi/ell be that thia letter will reuch you when it ic too late eveu to concider the altcx^ation.
You have not indicatcd in your letter what, terms you havc in L^ind for the Brit i^ih^IJu^jire lAarket, und I chall iQOü forv»/ard to hcarin^ frou you about thij^.. .\;e ar
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hopin^ to oell 5,000 copiec oT your book by Ohri^tma* tir;je in thiö country, and in addition furtlier copiea will be
^old in v^Uctralia.
V/ith kind re;iard£.
HH/JK
loura cincerely,
Hunaiiini. iJirector.
FAST
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NLT LEOPOLD SCHWARZSCHILD 225 EAST 57 STREET NEWYORK
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NLT LEOPOLD SCHyi/AF\ZSCHILD 225 EAST 57 ST
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PRlMEf\ HAS HAD F\EMAf\KAßLE I^ECEPTION ÄlTH Pf^MINENT FAVOUFiABLE f^EVlESÜ/S IN OBSEflVEK SUNDAY tiMES EVENING STANDARD AND ELSEwfHERE CONGFIATULATIONS AND FIEGARDS
HAMISH HAMILTON
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TAlpnlinnA« H Annirar 7-1 ftl 1 "^^ ««cupe prompt actlon on inqnirüMi, this oricina] RADIOGRAM Ähould be preaented at the Office of A^l^puUUV« 11/^UUTU Ai"AUll R.C.A.COMMUNICATIONS, Inc. In telepboneinquiriesquote the numberpreceding the place oforigin.
f^Br■ 112 TA 1S4-S
VV illicim Ocirey 1 la\'
299 Park Ave.,
Naw York 17, N. Y.,
April 23, 1945*
Mr« Leopold Schwarzechild, 225 East 57th Street, Wew York, N. Y*
Dear Ur. Schwarzschild:
I have just read your book, "Frimer for the Coming World/' and it is the best book of its kind I have ever read» Your grasp of the true f undamental s and your logical arguments are so sound that your conclusions are inescapable« You have made a great contribution in clarifying the issues that are facing the world's loaders today»
For some time I have been in search of an authoritative and practioal book on the economics of the post-war world, and particularly the major European countries. The jacket on your book would indioate that you write on economics, and I hopa you have written a primer along the same commonsense lines as your "Coming World," v;hich would show what can be expected and which countries are likely to regain a stable economy in the coming decade.
If you have not written such a book, perhaps you know of one that you could recommend,
Sincerely yours.
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Wilhelm Herzog
5 Murray Steet Port of Spaln Trinidad B.W.I. 28. Juli 1944
Lieber Leopold Schwarzachlld,
es hat mich gefreut, aus der letzten Nummer der * Time ^ von dem TiJrfolg zu erfahren, den Sie mit Ihrem Jüngsten Buch errungen haben. Herzlich beglückwünsche Ich Sie dazu*
*
Infolge ganz gewöhnlicher Abenteuer» die so viele durchmachen mussten, sind meine Frau und Ich hl«r, auf dieser ldyl=: llschen Ozeanlnsel, gestrandet.' Mit regulären Visa für die U.S., die Jedoch während der Untersuchung abliefen. Seitdem weder Prolongierung noch neue Visa erreichbar. Washington verlangt selnjiien Vorschriften gemäss zwei Äff 1= davlts. Thomas Mann und Albert Einstein haben gemeinschaftlich nur eine 4 Petition zu meinen Gunsten Im August 19^1 (!) beim State Department eln= gereicht, was offenbar nicht genügte • Da wir keine Äff Idavltgeber auftrel= ben können, hocken wir seit über drei Jahren auf diesem Von aller Welt ab=: geschnittenen ^lland^das der sich verirrende Columbus vor ÄkJDExmehr als vier Jahrhunderten zu entdecken das Glück hatte. Robinson kam später. Aber weder Columbus noch Robinson hatten solche Chancen wie wir, sich in Geduld und Dlsclplln zu üben und Inmitten dieses höllischen Paradieses gar einen Sohn zu erzeugen. Der helsst Michael, und der wird einst als Erzengel dies se Satanswelt von allen Drachen befreien, wenn ea Roosevelt und Churchill vorher nicht gelungen sein sollte.
Mit besten Wünschen
Ihres
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ASSOCIATED WITH M.S. & I .S. ISAACS
LAW OFFICES
STANLEY M. ISAACS
-475 FIFTH AVENUE
NEW YORK 17, N.Y.
TELEPHONE ASHLAND A-OA7&
July 10, 1944
Mr. Leopold Schwarzchlld
^ Alfred A. Knopf, Inc# 501 Madison Avenue New York 22, N.Y.
Dear Mr. Schwarzchlld;
I read your PRIMER OF THE COMING WORLD, whlch the publishers sent me, wlth the greatest lnterest# It presents a deflnite and clear exposition of the probleras that we face Just as your previous volume deplcted so clearly our pre-v;ar fallures. I was pleased especlally wlth the form; the loglcal presentation of your argu- menta, the careful analysls of each problem, ending wlth an almost Inevltable ooncluslon, succlnctly phrased — the whole presentlng a constructlve prcgram, wlth useless or dlötractlng Ideas can- celled out.
I agree wlth your general analysls, and hope that It will be wldely read. I hope especlally that Grovernor Dewey will have the Chance to read the book, or at least have It summarlzed for hlra. I am sure that hls statement that he was opposed to any International pollce force will not mean that he would not want thls country to Joln In the permanent garrlson that you so clearly Indlcate Is a necesslty, If the future dlsarmament of Germany Is to be really controlled.
The dlfflculty of agreement betv/een countrles as dlscordant as the United States, Brltaln, and Sovlet Russla, Is only too obvlous. I belleve that you have a tendency to dlstrust Sovlet Russla far more than I do. Of course, elther of us may be rlght, but It makes very llttle dlfference at thls tlme. All three countrles must cooperate If we are to have any sort of permanent peace In thls World. A mere glance at the geography proves the dominant posltlon of Sovlet Russla In both Europe and Asla. It Is llterally essen- tlal, If we are to have peace, that we have her füll partlclpatlon In any post-war program.
There are some parts of your book, naturally enough, wlth whlch
I am not In accord. I thlnk you treat the problem of colonles in
far too caref ree a fashlon. For example, on page 185, you ask
why Indla should be consldered as a colony but not Slberla. I belleve
frankly that thls shows a somewhat loose analysls. Slbera has been
Integrated Into the Sovlet national Organization, Just as Canada,
whlch was at one tlme a colony, is now an Independent commonv/ealth.
Indla Is still in every sense a colony, subject to exploltatlon by the mother country.
^
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-2-
Mr» Leopold Schwarzchlld
Jxxly 10, 1944
There has been and still is a treraendous dlfference between Eng- land's aot;i1:ude tor;ard Indla and ours toward the Phlllppines# We have been dolng our best to make it posslble for the Philippines to aohleve independence, and will continue to do so when they are rescued from Japan» That attltude toward all colonles seems to me sound and necessary if we are to have a peaceful world* Exploitation of so-oalled Inferior peoples, in the long run, Is Inconsistent with deraocratlc Ideals, and will haraper a per- manent peace»
Whlle I agree that it is not our buslness to set up democracles everywhere, it certainly 1^ our buslness, as countries are recovered from the Axis, to make sure that they determlne their own form of governrnent in their own way, with as little interferenoe and dlotation from the outside as posslble — subject only to the oveivall necesslty of preventing domination by any giK)up whloh intends to try again the German policy of aggression»
I thlnk, too, tliat you dlsparage too much the ideas of those who want to see less advanoed peoples in this world given greater opportunitles for progress* Your siraile on page 215, that we have a rlght to protect our house from the outside against dangers, but that it is not our buslness to worry about the in- terior of other peoples* homes, or the superiority of ours, seems to ignore human nature* If there continue to be countries with low living Standards, we will continue to demand tariff bar- riers to shut out their products beoause of "unfair corapeö.tion*" And there is such a thlng as covetousness in human nature that will necessarily proraote disharmony among nations, If one nation feels that it is deprived of opportunitles that other nations freely enjoy« I think that we must consider dolng more for the common man everywhere, as part of our future Job of creating conditions whlch will make for" peaceful international relation- ships«
Despite these minor disagreements, I hope that you realize that I think your volume of the utraost Importance and int er est, and one of the clearest and most convincing dlsousslons of post« war Problems that I have read#
Sincerely yours.
Stanley M« Isaacs
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FOUNDATION INN STOCKBRIDGE
MASSACHUSETTS
July 2Pth, 1P45. dear Mr Schwär zschlld^^
Mr Walfch hns crlven me ynnv address. I had wrltten to him to express mv ve^y erreat arrreclatlon of yonr admlrable: World In Trsnca. To nty wa^r of t>^inkin<?, it ffives the best Statement of the events th^t üaved the way to the ^reat catastrophe. Yo\i have wisely placed Hitler where he belonc^s, In a minor role so far as any abllltv or comrnand was comcerned, ^nd r Ised by clrciwistances to dancrerous prominence. You are not the least Impressed er imposed upon by the imirenslty of . the stacre on whlch he acted his dastar-dly part. .
I ahould be interested in knowinp* more ab out your actlvltles, and how you caxne Into possession of so complete and illumlnatin^ an ontlook, I know only that you edited Das Heue Tagebuch, and am a bit hazy as to that rublicatlon» I ha^'^e not seen your other book on . The End of an Illusion and should welcome acoua ntance wlth Its Contents. Presimably you ha^^e other works in
mind,
My Interest lg professional^! have well under way a llttle book on TH^ NAZI MIND, whlch In wrltten wholly from the psycholop^ sts' s ooltn ^f view. Illness has •orevented my comr^et^ns^ It, ^^nd I n^nnot say when I ahll be able to resume. The thesls t'^rns uron The Inaane PueVrer und arraln on The Obsessed M^nd. My data on tVie former stand comrlete. l'he seo^nd s^1ll lea^reg nnde<^ir^ed how thepeorle came to he obsepped by so xlnslpmlfl cant and uncouth a Citizen. I rresent him as a Ko^'ck on a * World Scale. Do you knor that s^de^of th^ 11 t^^^^at^re, especlally the book byBaynes on GermanvP ssessed? I höre you know^als^ my fr 'end Mrs Lorimer's two llttle books on /^hat Hitler Wants and 'Vhat Germany Needs.
I shall welcom^^ sr:ch f^rt'^er Information or writlns?s of your own which will eil me of your seif and your actlvltles« kiy health en* lesme to do hut Utile; but I sliall constinue so far as I can.
So once more my ap-reciations and ren'ards,
Very truly yours
You are fortunatein havlncr so excellent a translator.
]
UNIVERSITYo/ PENNSYLVANIA
34 Blanciiard Hall, 3446 Walnut Street Philadelphia, Pa. March 25,1942
Lieber Herr Schwarzschild,
Mit grossem Interesse las ich die Anzeige Ihres Buches " World in Trance •*• Ich bin sehr gespannt auf den Inhalt und deshalb ganz besondej s interessiert, weil misere Studenten meines Erachtens noch nie eine wirkliche gute, umfassende und dokumentierte Darstellung dieses Zeitabschnittes in die Hände bekommen haben, Ihr Buch könnte, abgesehen von allem andern , für hunderte von Colleges und imiversities von grösstem Interesse sein. Da ich nicht daran zweifele, dass das Buch das gibt, was es verspricht, will ich gerne dabei behüflich sein, es in den political science departments zu propagieren.Ich empfehle Ihnen, dass Ihr Verleger für Propaganda in Colleges und universities sich drei oder vier kurze Kritiken angesehener political scientists noch vor Allgemeinerscheinen beschafft. Ich denke dabei z* B. em I'rederiÄ Schuman etc. Ich selbst will gern in den massgebenden Kreisen around Pennsylvania etwas tun.
Eb sind bald drei Jahre her, als wir uns Ende August 1939 kurz vor unserer Abfahrt nach U.S.A» über die gute polnische Kavallerie und die schlechten Wege im Oktober unterhielten, zusammen mjt Bornstein und Mehring,der mm auch wohlbehalten hier ist. Ich selbst bin hier recht zu^jfrieden,mehr reputationsmessig, als finanziell, habe nochmal Staatswissenschaften-neben meiner sonstigen T ät igkeit -studiert , um auch als American Student konkurenz fähig zu sein und nicht immer nötig zu haben, auf das vergangoxhJuropa Bezijig zu nehmen. Meine Frau hat nochmal Social Work studiert und arbeitet als psychological adviser für gefährdete Jugendliche in einer social institution.
Ich würde mich freuen, einmal zu hören, wie es Ihnen geht, vielleicht kommen Sie einmal nach Philadelphia, - >*ie ist es mit dem Ii;nglisch,ich f rage, ;v eil es manchamal Vortragsmöglichkeiten gibt.
Herzliche Qitlsse
Ihr
Robert M.W.Kempner
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/
UNIVERSITY o/^PENNSYLVANIA
34, Blaoichard Hall Philadelphia, Pa. June 4, 1942
LielDer Schwarzschild:
Schönsten Dank für Ihren Brief vora 30, Mai. , der mich erreicht hat, da Sie die richtii^e Adresse geschrieben haben. Ich habe mich aufrichtig gefreut, von Ihnen au h'ren, mid werde mich Ihrem Wi-msch^eraäss auf Ihr Buch vorbereiten.
Damit Sie sehen, was ich so sclnreibe, natürlich unter Erwöhnnn^ Ihrer Person, über- sende ich Ihnen die Anlage über die Ausgebürgerten, und einen weiteren Artikel , der Ihnen zeigt, dasssich meine Beamtenfeindlichkeit noch immer nich gebessert hat.
Mit herzlichen ^nüssen Ihr
(v^ju^iAA^Ci^-w^^^ ^A.^
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aqrveA JinlcM\^ck<z^
2924 IJniversity Blvd, Dallas 5, Texas, November 1, 1944,
Vty dear Schwarz schild:
I finished reading your "Primer" a few days ago and T do want to teil you that I think it Is the most noteworthy contribution to peace-- planning that has come out of this .var, When the book first was published I cut that excellent review from the '^Times", and sent it to Knick. T knew he would be pleased,
Do let me know whether it has been Dublished in Britain yet, for if it has I am sxire Knick has read it too. He has been in London quite a lot recently trying to get his malaria cured. He also made a Short sortie to the Third ^^eich some six weeks afro. If it has not been published abroad I do want tobend it to him*
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charming wife.
All the best to you and your
Sincerely,
H'
I I
♦ ♦ ♦ ♦
AN ENTIRE CITY BLOCK OF HOSPITALITY
7^
PANTLI N D
GRAND RAPIDS 2, MICHIGAN
March 15, 1945.
Dear Leopold:
I dont know what good it does «• to recommend your book to people, inasmuch as I have not been able to find a copy in some twenty eitles from Montreal to Miami, and Ihave visited bookstores in all of them and inquired about it. Cant you do somethinEt with your publishers to proroote the offering at least'of the book to those v/ho want to have it?
Now I want es ecially to get a copy for a person who has done me a favor, and I wonder if you would be so kind and have one sent, with my regards, but with your autograph in it, to :-
Elizabeth Holmberg, \
130 N.E. Capital av^Nk-^' Battle Creek Mich. ^^^T' v
She is a nev/spaperv/oman v;ho heard my lecture, and would appreciate the book. I want you to let roe know when I come to >TY, as I will soon, how much the book
cost, and the postage, etc I could y/rite to the
publisher of course but I thought this might give you la Chance to mention to him^ that I have recommended the book to upwards of fifteen or twenty thousand people, ^and scoT-es have wrltten the title down, but I dont be- lieve anybody has been able to buy one yet.
I look forv/ard to seeing you. W tour is tottertng along, sometimes up, sometlmes dov/n, but once in a v^ile I feel I have sown a seed or tv/o of profitable scepticisia.
With te?t
ickevbockc- .
NB PS: you ought to be writing a column, if not daily, then once or twice a week... Have you looked into this?
<=ViA^ GRAND RAPID S--<=7iL TURNITURE CAPITAL «^^AMERI CA'
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Alfred A Knopf/,
ncorporated
joi Madison Avenue
NEW YORK 22
Dear Mr. Schwär zschiid:
Jxme öo, iy44
Not very ioag ago I had the pleasure of reading through from beginning to end for the first time PRIMRR OF THE COMING WORLD. I had previously read only parts of it. I must say I think it extremely impressive and a very persuasive perfomance. I shaii do everytiiing I possibly can to bring it to the atten- tion of people who might be usefui in promoting it.
Yours sincerexy.
Alfred A. Knopf
Leopold Schwarzschild, Esq. 225 East 57th Street New YorJc 22, N, Y.
dl 8
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Umr4kl^%h^/M ^5.
3^1 roui th Avenue Nev; YorkprUY.
Door Londshoff :
I r«oeived your royalty stnto-cnt nnd I hn'^r^^^ thus fnr, txO vjiXi^ tv/o ot c?ervntlonrs#
!• I cnn not «) iitf- ^^f^rn'^ wi*^,?: y )ur l*oot noto atout tho royalty an tno 1000 co^^l-ß t^oVX to Fn-'lan^!. It v/oul.i np'a- r thhtj yotj h'5»7',^ r^acle no a prt3- Bf*.i\t. Tlint iu cc-trtainiy not oxactly tha Tv^n^,T,^on* Tf y:ra ^nrl .|u2t rroid tncsu C'>r»ioo to ::n^,iiton pnd not pcr!onpiniücl this aale v/lth n^iy othor r-rroe^'^^nt^ thcn, cort^:l-.ly you v/Duld i'/*.^ ii -c! to .d'^v '*.?^ only f^ 96»-, v*i?.e I v;ould havo pot, In addition to th^'t r;y rernlcr roy^lty fron H'viil^.oA. Tiiln \^'oalt; hr^'o n?n-;:it,^f top deduction of tf»xes and your coiir-iiörslon^ <m eddltlonnl Bnoun^ of "; 166tt>7 fov no* J.ut, in :^>ctp roi: hrve Gold tu ::o copioo vvith n cI.suöo thrt Hr^-iTton hin to pny notM:i;> to r o^ It in Ui^^rcrfore clorr th.^.t this leine! of sele has not been done withln tho fy-r>v)r^\vnry' of on.v contrnct ^n:' t)> t in ooi yor-ü^^joe no ttibuft^m^ of our contrf.ct ^pplies to thlj? tri»nFact?on. Tt 1.? <^lerr, on thc oontr-^ry^ thrt \u rooeivinr r1? leb.r? exolnslvely, I lif^ve not f^ot ö preaent. This js on.ry to rl^nr t^o ro- r^l Bitr.ption s^-' 'uO Rper-k, pjid I ro not forr^-^t thst tM^ s^lo wftß usefül uo nie too«
2t Of Q all^htly moro practica 1 nef^nin^T
Ifl th^ Ol 3 rYnt/Ion ttn o nccor''ifu-' to y^tir .^tr - oi -ontr;
yoa he.a öold up to the end or thia yonr 5702 copios,
nn^-^ thpt th-.roforo 70" copie^ \i*l\ inr^o th.^ 15 "^ trri:
Unforturv! eiy oven this do«s not nr:ount to ruoh. Tt
me^n'^ ^: 'Üff^^rr.nr^c of lo'. cenfcs n.;r copj
It i'o n rJty inäeod, f«a<i fo:- both of n3, th t our diHi)P5r0O"\«jatö are not oi i^ poro col.losiu^l
I Rn oordinlly Your 3
t#
Lf^opold dchwr^rxsohlld
II II
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April ?7, 1945
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Kr, F.H .Lands hoff
L. B, yi3cher Publishing; Corp.
JBl Fourth Avenue, New York 16,
•
/ ■
N.Y
Dear Lendshoff:
Your letter of April 6. arrived while
I v;ns siclc*
I am sorry your edvisers and mine aro of r.o different an opinlon* 3ut instned of poinr: on arp:uinr;, I sur:Rest to bury the question by splittine the difference in thr ratio of 50:50. If that ia af?:reable to you^ no further discussion is needed,
Sincerely yours.
Leopold Schvvarzschilcl
1
k
I I
August !♦ 194.5«
O
R'r# Frederic Lands hoff c#Ot L# Dt Fischer
Nev/ York
Denr Landahoff:
I am plnd I could arranpe thiß ^V/orlcl in Trane e^-af fair, bat as Vally told you the nanuscript I an poin^^ to dellver you lr> no\; the only copy exictinc on thln continentt Therefore it really ought to be co- pied before send Ihr it to Sweden#
I \mnt to montion thnt tho apparently raiasinp: paffes 165 to 186 are not really nissinf;« Thio is tho chapter you lef t out in the Enr:lish odition»
Other\'/i30 nothinf^ has to be notod^ as far ag I can ooe» .
I am sendinp; yoy the si^ned agroor.ent# Tho tv;o alterat long on tJie f iri^t pafje hnve boen nen- tioned in the telephone talk with Vally ♦ The altera- tion« on tho second par;o are puroly technicrl -- it is obvioun thnt your secretary usad a model of an aci*OG- nont in \/hich not an **athor^ but '^proprictors^ v/ore ooncornedt
I do not entirely anders tand v/hat the definition of tho publinher at the be^inning rorlly neans, but you v/ill explain that 30ne tirno3#
Plonse return the aißned aßreement as soon as possible becpuse I an on tho vorce of lea- vin^ to tho oountry*
I an vei7 sinoerely
( '
Yours
I I
78. Woodstock Road, Oxford.
TEL. 3827
2?rä July,1945
Dear Scmvorzscuild,
Let :ae congratulate you upon your "book '*'Vorlä in Trance"', Ähich I ziave just read. It is oatrietic vou seem to addresExand with \;aet eiu iuence,'- an avalanche of stuoLditv and
anrirsure"toio'?ood'f ^^J^-^^ o^ those t.o dr-eadful decades
wratn s
hinee clerriy thruugh/;^. '^ piupxielic
/.ould ll..e to .-.ave a oo?y sltned by youv ora pen-sklilea Lnd! ^'^ ^ not fot your aadressV" ''"""" *'"' '"*"='■ "" -°rn.teln .. i !,„« ana v,.ould llkc to hoar"?JL"hll *""* °"" l"ter::.edl„y (j.b.)1. well
thenks to the comaen
>iiLPx.ür Ol tne es t^^stror^ii^:,
I r eiap in,
Yours vevy sincerfly,
^oca/i- X^^^i^
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78. Woodstock Road
0
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TEL. 3827
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• D route New York Hotel Khickerbocker West 45 Street July,22,I9M
Lieber Herr Scbwarzachild,
Ich habe mich selten ueber einen Erfolg so gefreut wie ueber den Ihren, -eine ailerherzlichsten Glueckwuensche.Gebe der HiBm)el,da8s Ihr Buch dazu beitrasgt mit dieser Narrenwirtschaft aufzin-aeumen - ich meine mit Jenen »arren,die sich auf unserer Seite befinden.Sie haben nun seit 25 Jahren nichts anderes aufsaiweisen als den "guten WUlen" und dieser "gute Wille« losgeloest ron aller Erfahrung, schien mir immer die Pest schlechthin. Hat ' man jemals geh««rt,dass zum Kochen der "gute Wille« genuegt und ist die politische Kueche verschieden von allen anderen?Die ganze Erziehung von wenigstens einer Generation ist durch den "guten Willen" ruiniert worden.
Es ist schoen, endlich einmal von jemandem zu hoeren,an dem diese ganze
Zeit nicht spurlos voruebergegangen ist,und ich freue mich.dieses Wunderkind
zu kennen und ihm die Hand druocjien zu koennen.
Mit herzlichen Gruessen
Ihr
l^-ifh ^o r/' |.'<L,.
Leo Matthias
Deer's Hg ad Inn
ALL THf MOL3ERN COMFORTS ANO THE
OLD FASMIONED ATMÜSPHERE OF A REAL HOME
WITM NONE OF ITS RFSPONSIBILITIES
STELLA BASTIAN PROPRIETOR
and Coltages
Elizabethtown.N. Y.
'In the Adirondacks"
E J BASTIAN MANA3ER
.^>-i/'
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•^^-ßc^c-^-^-n^^
♦^^^^
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CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
PUBLISHERS
597 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK
Novt 2, 1944
Dear 'r, Schv/arzsohild:
Kerewith is our check f or five hundred dollars in payment of the installment of your advance which is now overdue. I am sorry v/e did
not send it to you sooner»
Sver silicorely yours
k^'£/Ä7
I
To Mr. Leopold ^chwarzsohild
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CURT RIESS
340 East 57th Street new york city
ffr. Eeopola bcnwarzschiltf ii •Jj .r iscner,inc. 33i i« ourth i^venue 1^ ew 1 orK üity
Liieoer ^^err Sciivvarzscnild:
PHONE PLAZA 3'9433
DeceiüDer 9> ±942 •
ICii iic^ue soeben liir iJucxi EdKCPE IK tKittlCE Deendet una moecate innen sa^^en, dass ich ausseroraentiich beeinarucKt bin. Von uen zahl reicnen i^uecnern uebur uiese^ '^a^u.u, die icn ^eiesen nabe, i:>cneint mir EUKuir'iii Ui iitAiMGE in jeaem k:>inne aas beste. ^5 iSL Jt^iar una ist bedeutungsvoll Tuer unsere Zeit.
J-cn ..uenscne innen una aemjrjucn aen verdit^nten Lriolt,
oesten uruessen
inr
iii 1 1
PRINCETON THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY
PRINCETON. N. J.
EDWARD HOWELL ROBERTS DCAN OF 8TUDENT8
EDNA HATFIELD ASSISTANT TO THK OKAN OF STUDENTS
Januaiy 15, 1943.
Hrs. \/^^iti^ }c^LOy/Arz£cJy;/^
Vjv. Leopold Schwarzschild, 225 East 57th Street, New York 3ity.
I;'Iy dear r. Schv/arzschild:-
This is just to acknov/ledre yourletter of January the lüth and to teil you hovj pleased vje are t'iat you find it possible to conie to the Syniposiuni meeting in Princeton on Lor^day, January the 18th.
Professor ^;roinadka, forrnerly oZ Frague TJniversity nov/ on our Faculty as a ruest Professor, and I \.ill jneet you at the train. u'e shall have a copy of your book in our hands*
It is v/ith a n^eat deal of pleasure that we lock forvjard to your coining to Priaceton.
Veiy sincerely yours,
1733 N St. ^^.W. Washington, D.C. Jan. 28, 1943
Hr« Leopold Sohwartzschild
C/o The L.B.Fischer Publishing Corp*
381 4th Ave.
New York City
Uy dear Mr. Schwartzsohild,
fhile I do not belong in the ranks of professional crltios I wish to State my unqualified praise for your book World In Trance. Just now I am in ttie throes of reading it and almost memorizing it as I read. Without doubt it is the most important and damning record of Germany we have had. I only wish that everyone oould be informed on its material and realize its significance. You and your publisher certainly deserve some kind of medal for bri^g- ing out such a revealing book at this time when it is so sorely needed.
I night never have read your book (although I had read the reviews) Had it not been for an interested friend of mine. He is a retired history professor (European by birth) and has been tracking down the German poison almost since he can remember. In his possession are countless clippings and articles which he has uncovered in this research. Unfortunately it is in n^ sort of order and some of the notes he reatains within his own brilliant intellect. He feels he is rather old to undertake the job of -»fr synthesizing this material. I, bei^g but one of a lirriited number who know of his work, feil* that unxess >^ someone did something with it the world would lose this research which is of infinite importance. When I got well into your book I knew you were the person for the job. Probably much of the material duplicates what you know already, as my friend has told m^ your book Covers about ten per cent of his work.
To clarify my own Position I want to State that I am not the kind of person who writes congratulatory letters to the authors of every book he reads. I am, as you see, in the Navy and in- tensely interested in seeing the German plan defeated as quickly as is possible. Such books as the one you have just written will go a long way toward a better understanding of what we have to face and what we must do to win.
^^e*l
Lest you have any compunctions because of my officlal posltloüi let my assure you at once that the help I am asking will not involve you in any way with the Navy* My Status in tJie Navy is utterly removed from these political considerations which are a purely personal interest on my part. Should you desire any more infonnation about the aforementioned profassor I Shell be glad to answer any K questions.
Please believe that I am
Vary sinoerely yours,
^ Robert K# Robison
16* Jixni 19^19 •
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Frmu Evm Reeder Rlglstrmsa« 6 Zuerlch
Liebes Srchen^
Ich freue mich, dase Vally eine sc gute Zeit mit Ihnen hatte, und danke Ihnen fuer alles, was Sie getan haben, um itir das Leben angenehm zu machen« 3ie ist Jetzt, wie Sie wissen, in Italien und findet es wunderbar auch dort»
Ich iBUüS die Geschaeftssachen, die sie sonst so tuechtig mit Ihnen erledigt hat, jetst selbst in die Hand nehmen und schicke Ihnen hier ein Manuskript su Ihrer besten Verwendung«
Lassen Sie iriich bald von sich hcer«i, und seien Sie bestens gegi^uesst von
Ihrem,
Leopold Schwai'zschlld
Chamber of Commerce
OF THE
United States of America
Was hington
Economic Research Department Emerson p. Schmidt. Director
Jul7 22, 19^;^
Mr. Leopold Schwarzschild, c/o Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 501 Püadison Avenue, New York, N. Y.
Deer Vx. Schv/arzschild:
I h^ve just finished reading PRIiviLR Ol' THE CüMli\iG WORLD and want to congratulate you on what I regard as by all odds the best bock on this subject. It comes to grins witn the real Prob- lems and avoias wisiiful thinking about the Solutions.
I h&.ve only one or two minor points which I should like to raise witli you. Page 26/C, you recommend a shrinkage of the work week during dull periods in order to spreaa emnloyraeut. I hsve reason to believe that this is a very dangerous practice. It upsets the budget of everj/body, it niakes everyone hostile to tne econo/uic System wliich forces such entrenchment and fosters the class straggle. Furtherraore, it doec not encourage as effective and systematic reme- dies as when tne xonemployiaent is liinited to a smaller oortion of the populaticm.
During tlie depression Viork sharing was practiced exten- sively in this country, and we heve reason to believe that this was in part responsible for the grov;tii of tiie class-conscious CIO in this country.
If you are ever in ?l'asliington, please drop in so that we may get acquainted.
I aiu taking the liberty of sending a carbon co;y of tliis letter to iv'rs. Knopf, vath whoin I have had corresponaence on another matter.
Yours very sincerely.
TV)
E'..ERSuiM P. SCiailDT
1170/1235
cc — Itars. Alfred A. rCnopf
I I
k t
I
t
April I 2K% 4«#
V >
Dr# Enerson P# Schmidt
Chomber of Comnorce of the UtStA»
Washlnrton D.Ct
Deer Dr.Schxaldt:
The hour th6t 1 paasod v/ith you v/as vory ploa oant, I hope that my biography of Marx which I am sendiniP; you by the same mall v/ill not be f>Ln unpleasant experience#
Coiaplylnr: \7ith your 8UP:p;estion^ I am f^iving bolow 8 briof outline of the pamphlet project that v;e discussed»
In tho courso of my ßtudy^./gf Harx I was great^ ly impressed by tho neticulous exactnesa'^'v/hich present-day Sovlet pollcy follows, in oertoin crucial respectSi the fomulns of the Cornnunist godheadst Kven more overwhelrainR was tho diocovery thnt the nost imporiant of these for- nulas are aimply unknown — partly because thoy do not exist in Kn;aish trnnslation, and partly bocaune falüifiers have manaped completely to hush then up#
These formulas deroerve to be mede knovm as broadly and intenaively ea posslbloi for they constitute the authentic key to the alleged^^riddle»» of Corjnuniöt po- licy« He who knows them unöerotands practicelly everythinp; that tho Kremlin clique doos, what it oima at, an<l what con be expected of it# They are recorded in nunerouO| oft- repented, and unfeilimrly consiotent dicta of Kar* and En- p^els v/ho invented then, of Lenin who paraphrased them, and of Stalin v/ho confirraed them« Tho dippiing up and ade* quate utilizatlon of the.^o revealinr texts v^ould, I think, cause roal embarrasament to the wire pullers hero ancl in Moscov;, as well as to tho Wallece species* Furthermore^ most of thone texts are couched in such a blunt and bru- tal style thrt even the slmplest reador cannot fnil to un'rrstand them#
Accordinfrly my project consists in tho pub- lica tion of a oories of Pamphlets that rairht be called, for instance, ^Ideas^ that divide the v/orld*^« Eaoh pamphlot v/ould be devoted to a specific aspect of Coiiirmnist thought and nction; and each v/ould baslcally consist of a number of quotations from Marx, Engels^ Lenin end Stalin^ withln e unifyinp; framework of essential» simple explnnations« I enviango, for Instance, the following topiC8#
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I. The War Tr^ffS^oet* Far from beln^ "peace lovlne,", tho Doctrine from Marx to stolln hos on tho oontrary el- weya inaiated thot v/or In the Indlopeneable "nldwlfe*' of
conmunlBm; thot tho outbronk of v/nre "botween tho others" muat be refrorded ea velcone and inuat bo encourarod; and thet Connunlflt wora too, Including afßBesslve wrirs, must bo undortaken wherever end whonever they can be expocted to sucoeed. Tho consiatency nnd ruthlessness with v/hlch thl3 doctrlno has beon teught for noro than a Century — and applied in prnctlce — are appalllnp. Tho rocord is lon<?, detailod, and unamblRUOua, Tvvo quotötlonc froo Lenin will «1 uff loa to oonvoy en Idea of it:
1.) "A Socif>li9t must oveluete war not by the nuri- bors of lt»s caaunltiea, but by it*s political conseniiencea« Above the interest of tho indi- viduai periahinf: and sufferlnp; fron v/ar must stand tho intereats of tho clasa. And if a war servos the interest of th« proletarlet, as a class and in toto, and aecuros for It li- beration fron the yoke — such a v;ar is pro- gress, irrespoctive of tho victins and the sufferin^s it entoils»"
2«) "Do not listen to tho sT^ntinentol whinora v/ho ero afrold of vmr, lixxch hes been left in the World that must ( his It?iliC8l) be destroyed by fire and iron for the liberotion of the workinr class"«
II. Tho Coriraon l^an. While the Conmuniat phrsseo- lof?y is replete with expresalons of love and ref^ard for the ppople, the workers, etc., the actufil "scientific" opinlon of the auprerae law-ßlvors is cleorly tho oppoaito of this. In thf^ir intinate correspondonce extencling over forty yoers Warr and Kmrels spoke nlwsys and consistent- ly with striking conterapt of the proletarians v.-hon. they puMicly flettered. "V.hat is th^ rabblo ßood for if it
forf'ete hov; to fipht? — What do we want with a party, a iP:enß of esses v/ho sv/opr by us because they imagine that we are tho sarne kind of people the they arol" — "The populus ia of no account at all", etc. etc. When Lenin Ironediately aftor the revolution sot obout estab- lisin«? his dictnt irshlp not of, but over the proletoriat, he let the cpt straight ouo o7 the beF when he declared that thp actunl livinr workers are narurally a very low type of huTif.n mnteriel, "not the fatastlc huciun nateriöl created by our Imopinationa," etc. This utter disref^ard
i
(
for the people is the froim out of which thoro developed in avery oonnunlat-dorilru^ted country not only the omnipotent autoorfioy but also Ita bf^rbarlc ruthlessness ~ and out of whloj» they neoessarily h«d to develop, and always and every- wh^re will develop^
For tho sake of brevlty, I v/111 outline oome other top los with only a few werde»
III» The Red World State^ The Doctrlno demnnds not only theconmunlzatlon of all the countries In tho world; It goes fnrther. A Juactapositlon of different Indepondentp althouf^h cornunlst^ states la not aufflclent» A monolithlc World 8tate| ruled fron ono omnipotent conterp Is requlred,
lYt Flnallty» The thinr XMvX diötlnßulahea Com- munlam fron denoorntlc Ideologlea and pertles is not ao nuch the doctrine thet power laust bo eeized by force, buf^^t must be reJba Inod by force» Corinunist rule must irrevooRbly and unalterably be ectablishod forever» Thiö is the principle that rlvea riae to nany of tho moat inportant and chracte- rlotlc re?=»lities in the countries behlnd the iron curtain.
Althourh there are other and not lesn significant topics on my Hat ( for examplSp ^'Proflta and WeRea, ^The Technlquo of Ruses and Lies") I v/ill cloae höre for the präsent. But I must not fall to add that the valuo of these poniphlets will lio speclally in thio: thf^t thqy v;ill equlp tho rea- der wlth naterial thnt he for hls part can fruitfully use further in discussions, eto»
Should tho project arrive st a concre'e sterbe, I shall always be ready to como to v;pshlnrton for furthor discus* alona» Mpanwhlle I conslf^n it to your fricndly custody«
With kln'lott KreetinRS,
Very sincerely yours
Leopold Schwarzschlld
/
OTTO P. SCHWARZSCHILD
CHATEAU LAFAYETTE, APARTMENT 6-/5 NINE PUTNAM AVENUE
QREENWICH, CONN. TELEPHONE GREENWICH 3499
^ ^€^^^
'^^^fi-^^i^<i^^ d^
Idalee Wallach Sidney Wallach
SiDNEY Wallach Associates
381 FOURTH AVENUE NEW YORK 16, N. Y.
MUrray Hill 4-4073
July 18, 1944
Dear Leopold Schwarzchlld:
Mrs. Schwarzchlld probably told you about my telephone call yesterday*
Thls moritlng I met Mr. Albert D* ^asker who told me that he sent a copy of your book to the President and got his assurance that he would read It«
He (Lasker) will let me know when he wants to meet wlth you and I, of course, will be happy to arrange such a meeting*
Meanwhile, my best regards to your seif and Mrs. Schwarz- Childs
Cordially,
ljAß(^äUA
Sidney Wallach
Mr. Leopold Schwarzchlld 225 East 57tii Street New York, N. Y.
SW : ap
L, WEINER.
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14, CORNHILL.
London. E.G. 3.
3.r4 January i9|f 45
Mr, Leopold Schwarzschild. NEW YORK.
Dear Sir,
and "Prim«ü''«r''?v,^^S®"i' P^^lifations, "World In Trance"
oS me ind T f J?%^SS^"?.'^°''Jf' ^^^ «^'^^ ^ <i««P Impression
f?ira'dSi?atiJn!^ ^ '^°"^^ *^^*^ ^^^ ^'^ °''^^'' to exp?ess my
standin.*^!!? rS!^^^ vf °l«a'*c"t. Ideas and the thorough under-
mature for the openlng of a public disöussion in 1941 when the issues of war were still in the balanre. i detided tn give the booklet a limited circulatio^ oSly The ?lcep?ion
crit?M«rr °?"f^^?«^ «"^ i" this View, as ?here was lomf "
Si^tS^^^L^:;^;? ,J4!f:[a^\^%^rrll^ ^tc"^^ l^''^^' '^^''^' /^i-mov^ ^-.^^1. x!r^ _ 7 . . »/^^®^^^^> ö^c. The payment of
sr^sc-Ä £ «.'S s:.;r"l-::E SEI'
en
-i
IRA JEWELL WILLIAMS
JOSEPH D MORELLi
IRA JEWELL WILLIAMS, Jr
A CARSON SIMPSON CHARLES MCVEIGH WILLIFS CARLOS BERGUIDO, JR ARTHUR P BRETHERICK JOHN W LORD, jR WILLIAM H PEACE. II WILLIAM L FOX
LAW OFFICES
IRA JEWELL WILLIAMS
(BROWN ÄW^ILLIAMS)
MORRI S BUILDI NG 1-421 CHESTNUT STREET
r»iiir.Ai)KL.riiiA
ALEX. SIMPSON. JR 1697 — I9IS
FRANCIS SHUNK BROWN 1897 — I940
May 19, 1943
Mr. Leopold Schv/arzchild
L.B. Fischer Publishing Corporation
381 Fourth Avenue
New York City
Dear Mr. Schv;arzchild:
I have been intending to write to you for several v/eeks to thank you for ^World In Trance'^ v/hich we have read v/ith /;rreatr3t admiration and distributed several copies amongst our friends.
I have nothixig but praise for it. It reiLinded me of souie things that had faded out and it told me luany things that I never knev/ ard vvhich are of extreme importaiice in the present crisis.
I noticed only one slight point, rather aside froin the main thesis, and that was as to the deliberate failure of the Genuans to adopt the classical reiaedies to prevent Inflation, and which you seem to think would necessarily have prevented Inflation.
I merely record my sceüticism as to the soundness of your belief that there are any reiLedies for Inflation vvhich are necessarily effective as against certain fundamental economic conditions. I believe that oeople can have too much faith in price-f ixing.
I am
With renewed thanks and utmost appreciation,
Yours very s:^ticerely,
/
/Irc-C-C-^
IJW:V;YH
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• \
Carl Z clciiayer Woods tocjj:, Vermont
25. Dozeuüer i>44
Liobor Herr üchv/arzscliild -
I
Gern ^-cii'e loü m uein ..:ectel--r\estuhcn, i,us
aea
ich innen v;ohl alles heraus r.auuorn icaan, v,as Sic \;isson i/ollon.Lenchen Denutü ist an 1. Jo,;urr 1025 seT^oren. Jio stc^-itito aus Cues üii der ...osel - loebliah be- Icpnnt durch einen juten "ein und den l.icülaus Gucc-jaus. Hit 7 0"c-hren kcn sie eis Wrlsenlcind in C.qu Dienst des ilruses UectphcJnn in Trier, erst eis so eine Art Kuechennccdchon, dann als Zoie. Der alte Ludv/ig von 'Jestphclen v/ar cxu sehr li- beraler und menschoni'reundllcher Herr, Lenchon B'urde uefer wie ein „ind iu llaus
behandelt und gut erzo^-en, h.;iupt,saechlich durch die bedeutend weiter
e (Jenny,
daher ihre leb nslange Djvotion zv. ihr. Lcnchcn rar nicht die g. nze .^eit ia Dienste der V/es'cph: lans, sie ein- cinc^ ZeiLlc^nt; in ihren -eburtsprl ..ui-ueclc und v/bhl erst nach den Tod dos üien V/estph.?len •„■ieder nach Trier, Iu a,^ruchj;:hr lo44, kurz bevor das orste<:£ind (oenny Larx, 'die spaeterc Je^ny Lon^ruct) zur V;elt km, odhicicte die alte IVau von „estph-len das Lenchen nach Paris, ^ie schrieb an ihre Tochter: 'ich schic;.e . ;uch das Beste v.as ich hebe: Lenchen.' :.:arx v/ar da-
mels 26, Jenny 30, Lenchen 21 Jahre alt, lüngels 24, heine 47. Ich ueiss nicht' genau uas diese Zahlenreilie bedeuten soj.1 aber ich iindc sie interessant. Von d
1^'
a
rn blieb Lenchen iimor uji der oj'anilic Ear:z, die voiil ausser durcii :i;nju:elG'
nter-
stuct:^uns hauptsrechlich durcii Lonchenij Kilie und Tuechti-Izci t durcüGiebracht wur- de. lUich de;:i Tod von llrxl Ucxx, den sie bia zvlctzt gepflcji. hette, lebte sie nocU cieben Jahre lang eis ITftrtschri'tcrin bei Enc;els, und ::;tcrb an A. iJoveuber lü90. GenuoGt Ihnen dac? 7/enn nicht, fra^'en Jie v;eitcr - luii xreue x^iich xienn
ich Ihnen i:achr:ctila2c.rbeit errijparen Icann.
Cb das
fucr uich ein IlauptGe^-enstcnd
oder noch ein ::aupt£e^enstand - ict, weiss nur Cor Lord und der ;vill es uir la
\
Augenblick nicht sa-en. Ich habe vor drei Jahren einen .louan ueber Lenchen Dei.iuth ansofanb'on, cbr laich aber dann in ellzv. o.ussodohnte und unvorueidliche
V
Aueein- nderGctsun-on nit Lleirzen'c Bart und deu g;:nzen Ij, Jahrhundert vo.;- striclcte, sodass ich ihn zunaechet liegen lioss. Ich -„erde v/ohl eines Te.r^Qs eine raoLilich dreiste Lovelle daraus Liachou, die ..nch la die auch Ihnen nicht
: . ^1-
unuciCDjnnoe .Jituation versetzen r.'ird, von rechts bespien, von links bespuckt zu v/erden, Daraul freue ich nich zv.-ar schon, aber vorlaeui'ij schreibe ich t;io- der Gtueclce. fJollten Gie also noch ir^oncuvelche Auskueni'to üraugucn, - xcu ha- be t^o -icLilich nlle bekannten Daten, die sich auf Lenchen, die i^oxailie i.Iar:c und Ihren Kreis be-iehen, boisaiui-ien,"
Lit Gchoensten G-ruessen
Ihr
^WtuM^
<^
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N«w Xork,January 4, 1945
Kr. 3arl Zuckmayor Woods took V eiisont
Llebar Herr Zuckmayir, Etwas verspantet aber herzlloh danke Ich Ihnen fuer die Muahe.dle ole eich mit Ihrer Anwort geraaoht h«bon. Was mich gewundert hat war.dass aie Heine In dleaera Zusan- meiihalie nennen. Obwohl manchmal dae ^eg enteil behauptet worden Ißt »war die riezlöiung zwlnhen üarx und Heine ganz duenn.Von den vierzehn Monaten,dle Marx In Paris lebte.war Heine nur wm«toBBdd eeohs dort anve^sand.Ss gibt, soweit Ich ?refunden hab«^ nur einen einzigen Brief von Hein© an Marx, und In d«B bittet •r Ihn darum »einige gute Kritikern ueber das neu ersehlen-ne Wlntermaarclion h ervorxuruf on . In all den vielen Jahr©n,dl0 Heine dann noch lebte, scheint er weder Je an Marx ßoechri»b«n zu haben,noch janmle auch nur seinen Namen In Oespraechon oder rrlefen enrftitatt zu haben.
Anyway,mfcjfcn«n besten Dank und wann Ich einmal Ihnen behilflich aoln kann, so wenden Sie aloh bitte ohne zoegern an Ihren frcmndllch ergebeno»^
I I
^K -?(H3 '/|Ö
Department of State
NEW YORK, N. Y.
250 West 57th Street
November 3> 1947
Mr. Loopold Schv/arzschild 225 East 57th vStreet New Xork , W • Y .
Dear Mr. Schwarzschild:
This will confirra Miss Eisenstadt' s telephone conversation v;ith you to-day in v-hich ijermis;3ion v/as so courteously granted the Department of State to make radio use of "First Chapter of a Vasb Story" which appeared in the Magazine S^ction of the New York Times Novembe;: 2, 1947. We have received also, telephone per- mission fron the New York Times.
This material \^ill be usea in connoction with cur shortwave broadcasts to all of Europe.
The broadcasts of this Office are non-comr.iercial ar«? urescnted solely for the purpose of furti ering
and
the Government» s aim to portray, to the people^^ of other coun hries, a füll and fair räcture of American life, culture and customs.
So th a t bo good enourh this letter.
cur records may be to sirrn and return
o
in Order, will you tho enclosed copy of
Very V^ly yours,
H . Koth Nev/pher, Chief* Research ': Library S^ction International Broadcasting Division
-y
BUY
WAR SAVIN BONDSanoSTA
ii_„ ...
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cc
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gihmtksflftitito 19a*^
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ih ^r0. <3frank ^casc
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Coral dablc» anh JCefc ^ork Cttg 3« metnorg of tl]etr anceator
J[raitds ^0tt
fail^o camc Ott tlje ^gflofacr in 1620 anb aurtJtocb tl]at first l|arb iainitt to ccUbratc tl]C ftrßt ^l]ankBgibtng, ^oiembtt 1621,
päd gear to tl\ni iVmerica tt|eg so loU^ anö
I
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Meiner Frau, deren unbeirrbare Kritik und un-
%
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erschoepfliche Anregung so viel beigetragen
hat zu jeder Seite diese» Buches,
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41
K- * ^f!^ » - ^
CiAss OF Service
This is a full-rate Telegram or Cable- ßratn unless its de* ferred charactcr is in- dicated by a suitable •ymbol above or prc- ceding the address.
WE S TE RN
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UNION
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CD399 NL PD=CHICAG0 ILL 24 LEOPOLD SCHWARZSCHILD=
225 EAST 57 NYK=
*<7 0ICo4 pM 4 4^
ONE OF THE JOYS OF THIS YEAR WAS TO READ YOUR GREAT BOOK AND TO MEET YOU PERSONALLY KEEP UP YOUR dlAGN IF ICI ENT WORK AGAlNST COfvilWUNlSW WERRY CHRISTWAS^
RUTH ALEXANDER«
HE COMPANY WILL APPRECIATE SÜGQEOTIONS FROM ITS PATRONS CONCERN INQ IT8 SERVICE
Leopold Schwarzschild ist einer der raren Schriftsteller EuroDas, die r^chon in den zwanziger Jahren die Drachensaat wachsen hoerten* w'aehrond noch die anf!;enehiisten \/io^7enlieder des Fortschritts eine verblendete \/elt einlullten, erhob er seine nuecxhterne und hartnaecki^^o atiiome zu einem unverpresslichea Mtfraento, Die weitesten ICaempfer pepen Nationalsozialismus, Faschismus und materialistisch kollektiven Despotismus aller Art ::issen, wos sie ihn verdanken — als Autor und Herausgeber einer der wichtif'isten Zeitschriften fp f?:en die riolitischen Irrlehren der Epoche. Zu einer Zeit, da die von v;eisheit und Information ueberfl#4ssenden P.e^^ierunrren dieses Globus ueber solche Bilanzen mitleidi,^ laechelten, verkuendete er auf Heller und Pfenni,^ r^enau die Sumnen und G-roossen der deutschen AufruestunR. Der Kampf, den Leopold Gchv/arzscäild so lan.'^e Jahre mit einer handvoll Kamaraden im allerfruehesten Commando-Raid pb f'.en Hitler fuohrte, ist nun der Kampf der ganzen Welt ,^';eworden. Er hat es sich verdient, dass diese \/elt sein V/ort hoert.
Franz \/6rfel
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'(ykjY)
W/^ ;«y:?i".<4^ «'/^''%>' fe^^X^ /^^Ä''-^^ ^f^ *-^^^^^
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440 River aide Ave« Vifestport, Coim. July 13, 1944
Mr. Leopold Schwarischild Alfred A. Knopf 501 Hadison Ave« New York, N. Y«
Dear Ur« Schwarzschildi
I am remlnded, by seelng a quotatlon from my review of your new book quoted in this moming's papers, that I intended when the review was published to send you a copy of the review as I wrote it to supplexaent the Version of the review which The Herald Tribüne published*« so here it is«
Ordinarily, I do not oomplain ffhen my copy is cut« After all, as I was taught in one of my first lessons in the newspaper business, type is not made of soft rubber, and there is just so mach of it that can be gotten into a given Space. In the case of my review of your book, though, the cutting was so savage that the review as published gave an entirely different inyression of it than was given by the review as I wrote it. I do not apologize, since I have no oontrol over the little man with the hatchet who makes up The Herald Tribüne book review section, but I did think you might like to see what I really thought of PRIMER OF THE COMING WORLD.
With best wishes.
Sincerely yours,
uel ^
Wallace R. D eue:
Ezic.
I I
5 ■ •'
Review by Wallace R, Deuel
f^
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PPTME'P OF '^IIE CaarC '"(PUD By Leopold r)Chwarzschllcl New Yorkt Alfred A. Knopf 3O9pp...,$2.50
All too nany of the peace plans and prophecies .vhich are novr boing proffered to the pi-iblic ar© nade vp mostly of thln^s the planners and prophets thlnk It .rovld be nlce to have, and only to a sllght extent, If at all, of the thlngs It ^ill be posslble to have, They leave out of accoimt both the natiire and the experlence of the human fcelngs who will havo to a^ree to the peace, and live by It, If it is to be a real peace.
(more)
M
l
2———— .————. — deuel ( schwarz schlld )
^C»4tc4 mH. ^ <»4^ TtU,
/ Leopold Schvrart Schild 5wrii./He beglns wlth the nature and
experience of htunan belngs. He goes ort from these factors to dedt:ce wbat klnd of a peace It will be posslble to have. He carefiilly refralns from promlslng or prophesylng anythlng pleasant unless It is also posslble* MÄTö-'^tJiJHv-lsbi^ he sternly wams^jagainst hoplng for and trying to get thlngs that are imposslble; the conseqn.ences of such aspi -atlons and strlvlngs can be catastrophlc, he ir}0<i^5^>^ ytm,^i^^^. _^
The re^:tjlt Is a booT<: which differs as rauch from most other books about the future as Mr. Schimrzschlld's last book differed from most others about the past«
[_Ia. ^^^orld in Trance,'' MPt Schwarz Schild wrote ;7ith a new perspective of the last peace and the era v/hich follov/ed it. in "Prlmer of the Corning ??orldj*' he -trltf^s -r/lth a new perspective of the Coming peace and of the era which v/111 follow lt# In this newer book, as in hls oldfer one, Hr. Schv/arzschlld is spirited| succlnct, sardonlc, trenchant anQd to the pointt If he is not una^nswerable, he is at least most
ramarkably convincing*
(raore)
»deuel (schvrarschlld)
Mr. Schwarzschild Is^ above all, hard-bolled, in contrast x± to so many writers In thls fleld who are at best soft-bolled and
at worst sadly scrambledt tk^s h
tH9x.01ds-^<M?wlry.^MI^^^^^ It as hls first
and ba55lc ^Tlnciple that the Old Adam is still the Old Adam, not a pew Adam. H-unan belngs are nelther more Y/ise nor more virtrou? than they v;ere a thoiisand years ago. The nations, belne composed of old Adams, are Old Adams too, and only a world av.thorlty wlth irresistible »Trc^n. fMDMM* coTild Chance the character of international relations. Some kind of a v7orld arthority probabler v/111 bo croated, bnt not this klnd. The preat pov/ers will all retain thelr "sovereipnty^ and thelr amed forces. /The peace'Tr^st be based on these realltles.
It mnst be a peace which can survlve no matter vrhat kind of a /orld authorlty is created, and if none at all Is created.
(mo'^e)
4-
■dei:ol (schvmrzschlld^
)
V/orld aiithorlty or no World anthorltyi l!ttA*Ad4^^there are no anti-war panacea», says Ivir« Schwarzschild, and he devotes hiraself ^ith vigor and effect to certain cnrrently popt^lar theorles
^t\ire of war — the theory that ifuiax^
a^»«^ceieux04^^^jsj&ac&C£r
6n^
their economic statvs, for oxample, the theory that capltalists Start Yars to protect or to incroase thelr earnings and the theory that ^'imJTist'* frontiers cause wars. '''Tars are jK»ra«d»&3fz: undortaken for pov/er notiveS|" Mr. Seh ^ar^zschlld wretes, and these other thÄOxtESxaie «tthKüx reasons for thom are either nothing hut"
or*
9f9%tniKy^n»!nf:yBtwR-^bcr^ "^ngerousNpiAifi^^rrths
' Then rrtiat can and nunt
be done to'vard secrrin-r; the fvtvre poace?
V4AM^ Cermany ra\:st be complotely dlsarmed — and k'^pt disarmed for 50 to 60 years, by a garrlson of 600,000 men. Japan, witbln the
botinds v/e have
Said ;;e shall set upon it, can
be made harmless by being dcprlved of
sea and alr pov/er* Ttaly Is so /;ealc fundanentally that
no special laeasures will be requir:d#
(more)
•deuel (sch.mrzschlld) )
frKtS.^ »•^4 M*. Sckua««^
u
t| s«tfrc«.
Other measures v/hlch have been proposed for ke^ing the peuce are elther m unnecessary or undesirable or Inpossible, Llr, Schwarcschlld argiios — the physical or even the economic destniction of whole classes of Germans, for exaiaple, the "de-ind\3striallzatlon" of the coimtrV^^s "re-education" undör forelgn control, Reparations can and should be paid only in kind and to the extent that eacli of the victor natlons will accept then in that form.
/ The peace settlöment should vndertake to create a durable peace, nothing more and nothing le^s, the author insists. He U Imii-tient wlth those i/ho, he says, are trylng to take advanta^e of the war to introduce Irrelevant, false and darigerous Issues into the peace making. "The war is a .var, thitt Is all," he -.yrites, It Is not a revol-tlon and It is not being fought toraise Standards of llvlng or to confer democracy— or socialism— on tlie .vorld or to do anythlng eise but to s-urvlve. "This war Is being .7aged siraply in Order not to be destroyed."
Stahle peace v/ill rnake prosperity possible, he argues, and nothing eise w^^ c do s3v<^^iä Stahle peace , ^prosperity ^ rt ater~^ can and «««jup pAAÄÄbe achived under capitalism than could be achioved under
C—»»€>
6—- deuel ( Schwarzschild)
^
^e^ÄÄl5r^8-'T?4iW!rge^
^r}Uik..-;«i6öi:— S O^JUrliSWRr
^«cc4.
■Docs tli^ seem like a /4*i-T*4^ ,
modest Vision of the fut"ure, in contrast to the dazzllng ones which others h&ve conjured \ip? Mr. Schwarzschlia h&s sonethin^j to say on this point:
"Te/iH. bhiiigs are raore arnoying than Ihe c'efefc.tlsm of those ;;ho are clathoring for jrnt tho thlngs nobo-Iy can honestly promise," he ..rites, "and yvho fall Into whlning desperatlon -.vhcn in ansY/er to their consti.nt questions abotit the »meaninc of the .-/ar» they are shovm not heaven but only the earth, It is on the earth that we are livlnc Tlth all possible improveaonts and diminishec' imperfections It .vlll still remain tho earth, Vo generatlon Is entitled to cxpect that for its benefit somethlng entirely novel should suddenly be made of the earth; and it Is i ard to bo patient with complainers v^o behave as though the earth ;vere hell,
(more)
J
7——— — — •.— — «denel (schvarzschlld)
Are they not infected to an alarming extent wlth that modern vice aillemand ^ whlch has already spolled the lifo of mankind^ that obsessive taking offense at the most normal, most unavoidable short Comings of existence| that eternal wailing, qrenilotiF, ^elf-pltying attitltvde of complaint? Let us not make the earth
fo-uler than it is..,."
This is only a taste
of Mr. Sch//ar7schild' s bock-- the märest llck of the spoon. ''^rimer of the Cominp; Vorlrt»' iß a book v/hich miist be read. Tt is an important book, It might ;/ith great profit bc designated an ''Imperative^' book. There is Kiore of trve hintory in it, and of the tn>e spirit of World poliMos, than -s co^monly coae by in a whole month of reading — and it is all sot forth in a style as stirring as the ''Marseillaise,"
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WOHL!) IN TIUNCB:
Sngllth R«Tiaws
Daily Mail July 31. 1943 ••••It !• a utaful book, and a work of blttar fatclnation for tha orasant tima» whan paao« th^ugfa not yat Tialbla. in again gliinnaring orar tha horlaon
Cixardian Saotambar 3» 1943 ...At Harr Sohwartsohild*s Oarnan la anythin^ llka ao llvaly aa that ot tha admirabla tranalation by Ur. Outannan, ha luaat indaad ba a potant amo]^ hla countryman; or it may ba that, loilika Hosar and Biahoo Stubba (whan ha axohaagad Chaatar for Oxford doxrln^ tha lifatlma of hia pradaoaaBor In tha lattar aaa) ha haa not loat by tra slation, Anyway, thla ia a noat raadabM book«
Punch Aw^uat 11, 1S43
• •••It ia a naaaaaary book and a nalnful
ona •
John O'LondonU Wkly Dacambar 17, 1943 •••••It la a raally ^raat, urgantly laiDortant book whloh ar-^ryona imist ba Induead to read**T
Blrmln^haM Poat July 27, 1943 ...•Tha author writaa rlgoroualy, alth datailad knowladga and olaar graap of ganaral nrinciplaa. Hia bo?k ia aad raadin^ today; parhapa comoulaory raadin ^ If wa ara not to lat hiatory rapaat itaalf •
Spactator July 30, 1943 Thia la— intantlonally and haalthily— a vory dlaturbing book. It ia tha reoord of tha chlaf polltlcal illuatlona of Grast Brltaln, Franca and tha United Stataa alnoa 1918. Tha aubjaot ia a wall-wom ona, but ahat giraa thla book dlatlnctlon la that the exaiirplai ara wal 1 ohoaan, tha tona of tha book ia aiodaat and confidant, tha atyla la llvaly and, abora all, thara la tha ax2|Et^*^^o^ tUrou^out that tha aama illualona may baaat ua all agaln*
Brltlah Waakly Iprll 22, 1943 ....Thara ar* hundrada of man now aat in authority who, Indaad, ought to hava known long ago ararything or naarly avörything that WORLD IN TRANCH: diaoloaaa.
Sunday Timaa July 25, 1943
....Wr. Schwariachlld aata out Oarmany'a raoord
In muoh datdl and with great lucidlty, . . ..
Tima and Tlda Oct. 23, 1943 ....Hara, in ona brllliant
voluma wa hara tha
whola aorry atory. ....Thla bo:)k muat ba raad and pondarad.
Manohaatar Guardian Sar^t.S, *43 ....;brllllantly wrlttan, it la contamDorary hiatory in tha atyla of Voltair a, ona of tha moat axolting^-aa wall aa tha moat antartali)lng~ booka publiahad for yaara. ....Altogathar thla la a book to ba raad by avary Sngllahman who avar ball av ad in baing Nkind to Garmany."
Illua. LondaKawa Aug 14, 1943 ....Ha haa dona aza ramarkable thing; ha haa wrlttan a hiatory crowdad with facta and raferanoaa, and at tha aama tima n')t allowad hla ntenstj laal for tha truth, aa ha aaaa it, and tha walfera of manklnd, to ba amotharad undar tha duat of hla raaaarohaa.
* .->
On »^V:orld in Tr^nce'^ The New York Timps, Book Review, Front Pn^e (V?llpce R. Puel)
"A careful, well written and strongly written book, cogently nrguesj a diFtingidsherl contrlbjtinn to -^n underst'^ndlng of ''wh^^t re^lly h-^npened" betw^en fh» l^pt ^rmistire «^^d the new dipöster. . . .p sensfltion^l book, ^or it riives '^'n «^'ccount which differs in important respects in almost revolutionary de^ree from e*irlier, oommonly pccepted r^cconnts. Put Schw"r7- schild has «^bly Hooumented his versJon. • . .SrhwMrzscbild has
set p new course for the histori^ns of thip oeriod."
-<>
Chirpi^o Sun, Book Section (Fred Brand eis)
"The n^yt time «nybody st^rtv^ t-^lkin^ «>bout th*^ new oe^ce, ask him whether he has re-^d Leopold Schwar2'schi Id 's "World in Trance". 1"^* he hasn't, he ouc/ht to. I hone Pr^^i^ent Roope- velt reads this book. He nrob?blv will. And Wllkie, ^nd S^n^tor Nye. • . .SchvRr^schilH h?s done '^ job vith hie mr^teri-'l. He kno^Tg f>e ptuff, "^eel^ it in >iF he'^d n^(^. hi<^ belTv, ^nd dish^s it out strairht« . . .Th^ book i? «nim^teH hv nr^l^ce ^^nt o"^ten sho\7F events alrno^t more funny thrn horrible, so th'=>t you wrnt to l^'U^h (you h* ve to lau^jh) *^nd gr^pr in the ?^T^e bre^th. Th^ ^ener^l level of ironv 1« hirh. • . .Schv^'^rrpohild has ^iven US a storv with p mor'--l. The ?tor\^ rin.^s tnie r^nd ^h^^- rrorrl is one we'd bet-^er learn."
Kansas City St^r;
"A brilliant book*,,,If any r^cent book ehould be re^^uir^ed rending for present and future world statesTr«=^n, ^nd the millions of n^ople who st^nd behjnd them, this is surely it. For here
^-» ^ ^ «t
. M.':. k^^ . J
-J . * Aft*.«!
Bve the Allied mist^kes of the twenty yerrs from 1919 to 1939 l^id bare in lucid, polnted prose. .• .Schwer? scV^ild does r}r>t «p^re us. He c^n writp with ^ood conpcl^^ce. Witbont in any w^y glving the impression that he der j res to v«^et himRelf iip «^s more farseeing th'^.n '^nyone eise, he oiiotes a fev pas- cageF of hls form^r writings whlch ^redicted with d^adly Rccurpcy what wrs £;oing to h^npen."
The H nur ton Press > Texas;
"This Is the opnortunltv to see Gerrr^'^nv '^n^ th^ Ger^'^-nc thrr-ijrh the condemninf-; eyes of a realistic, Denetr'^t^'rp- nnd forthri^-ht Germ-^n, Leopold Schw.^rzschild, thp brilliant editor who fled the Hitler tprror in 19?3 ^nd set up hi«= newsr)r>per in Parns.... 'T'he stvle o^ Schvarzschild, nov in Am^^'^ica, is not the hefuddled, emhi^uous, c\ijnhersoTne verhal mnpl ström that so often m'^rks Ger^^n -^uthorshln hut " cle'^r stylp th»t would do credit even to our oyn Stuart Chpse..«.A? hardboiled as Pe.r.ler -^nd as documented as üiVbon. . . .Schvarzschild is n^w in New York. So is ThoTH'- s M^nn. If they evpr m^et the b'^ttle of the Century mry transpire. Our raoney go^s on Schvar^schild . For £chwar7schild is tough,"
The New York Post (v^terlin^^ North)
"One of the most hrilliant living journalists. • . .A mapnificent- ly detailed and circumstantial renort....It iF not oleasant. But TTien like Schwar?schild knov whereo^ thpy soe«k...."
The American Mercurv ( Eugene Lyons)
"An ori2;in?.l -^nd deeoly inform^d account. . . .This Is histo-
I I
rical journalism nt Its best — not another siiinin^tion of the factp but a nev interpretrition bpspd on clof^e-up knovledge* , . . P*=ipeF so devpstating that the volume <=;hould he xnade ohllgn- tory re^^ding for p.11 well-menning liberals — especi<^lly tho:?e who Tney hp.ve some influencf^ in w^haping the nost-var world,»' The Nev Republlc (Verlan Fry)
»»One of the mort reasoned, wost elcauent and most c^refullv dociamented expositions of the anti-Germpn view^ For this is R terrible indict-nent, not lurt of a cllrue or a cabal, but of a whole neople. • . .There is n preat de.^1 of sober comnion sense in Mr. Schwar''sc''^i]d»s book, much th'^t has needed to be said vithout vnrd-mincing....The Chief f^ction performed by such a book as tbis is as a catr.lyst to discussion ^nc\ a challenf^e to tho^e vho de not share the author's view. Ve sh-]! be as- sumin.cj a frightening bürden of responsibillty i^ we again at- tempt to meet Germany h'^lfway, or apain «^ttpinnt to «=»p.tablish a 'world order' , vithout first h^vin^ se^rchingly examined ar- guments like thope of Mr. Schvarzschild.'» The Kev Yorker:
»'An Interpretation of the betveen~varr> oeriod that ir. esFen- ti?lly fresh. ...Ably argued «nd documents* . , .Cert-inly a chal- lengin'j vork, inö perhiDS a very si^nificant one.»»
Georp:e E. Sokolsky:
"A very significant book...."
Tribüne, Qr kland> California
"For the love of ümericp and raankind, read this book vith ?=»n ooen mind.»»
Post-Inouirer, Oakland^ California
"This is a good book to read» It shoulc be reouired reading on the part of «11 politicians, epppcially tho^^f^ v^o will have snytbinp' to r\o with thp rnakinR and the keeplnp of thp pence after the Axis powerF are smashed."
Emil Ludvif;;
"An excell^nt book. Schwarzschild, formerly the editor of a leadinp political magaTine, nov ha^ tbe c^urarj^ -^o :jive an unbiaped hiptory of tbe l?^pt ?5 y^ars. . • .His »rgi-inent? shon]d be knovn to the vorld ^nd heeded ^t thp futiire peach Con- ference. ..."
Frnaz Wer fei:
"Leonold Schvpr^schild is cne of the rare Furopean authors, who 8S far back as the 1920' ?, was able to see tho rlse of the Ju^^^gernaut. tiurin^ the yc-'-ws vhen +he world wj^s beinjj lulled to sleen hy nleasant lullabie? of propress, he raised bis clear and persistent voice in challpnrinj reminäer. Thor.e vho vere first in the strur-^le ^gainst Na^isn, Fascism -^nd '^11 br^nds of materi'^11 Ftic collectivi sn, know under vhat oblir^ition they are to hin as a writer, and as a publJrheT' of one of the rriost iipport^nt Journals derling^ with the oolitic^^l ^'olüps ^f the neriod. Vhen the governiT^ents of this flöhe, overflovirp with wisdom ^nd information, -rediculed hip c^lc^lations vith anused tolerance, he announced to the 1p st farthing the sums of the Ger^an rearmerient. His strut?r]e, the first CoTT<Tr>nr>Ho r«id a^rp inst Na^ism, h«^s nnv beende the struggle rf the entire free world.
He has e^-t^ned the ri,c-ht to be listened to."
C, J* Hflnhro, President of th^ Norwp:-^1^n Pprlj^Tnent!
"I h»^ve found Leopold Schvnrzschild ' s bock of the mort «bpor- Mng interest ^^nd c^n only wish th^t it ^hoi)ld be r^^d by every vott^t^h nnd m^n vho trles in ^ny w^y to infl-uence nnblic oninion concerninf:' intern^^tional relntionp. Th'^ book Ip ^ rieh well of inform-^tion «nd written wi th ^^ p^ssion^te conviction. If ve desire tb«>t the nost-wnr pettlerr^ent ^^h^^ll r\^^ be a oeace to e^d ne«?ce the fflultvS of the tvo decodes between Ver- sailles find Pearl Hsrbor must not be m-^de over agRin*,,.In this respect Schv^r7schild'p book will be nf immppse v^lue,"
JqmpF Mqrshall« Board of Fduc-^tion of M>Y, : "It is a f Piscina tin^- book^..."
Robert V, Se^rle, Genr^ral Secr^tary of the Gre^- ter New York Feder-^tion
of Churches:
"I hnve read World in Tr«=nce pnd found it a trer^endously di- sturbin:^ book. Undoubtedly Mr, SchvarTSC^^ "^d ' p int*=»rnvpf,n-»--|rn of the last tventv years n^^^ded to be m^de, and oarticulerlv in Puch n well-documented manner...."
Maior Fioldinfi: Fliot;
♦^I'm i^TTienP^ly imorepped by World in Trance. This trapic hi- story of the twenty ye^rs following the last World W^r, the accursed decades, as the author calls them, should be re*^d by all of US, vith humilitv, with nrayer and with 8 risinr reso- lution that these thin^s shall not be again. The lesson wh^'ch this book teaches is that etern?.l vi^ilance is still the
nrice of libertv."
r ■• /
Richard B. Sc<indrett. Jr*:
'^j.
''Mr. Schwarzsc^ild's book Is v^vy timely '^nd f='hould be rend by everyone who Is likely to h'^ve nnything to do wlth ??h?^ping the plflns Pit the concluplon of tbip w^r." Stanley M> Isftqds;
iM II *-
•^I h^.ve re^d wlth internst Mr. SchvnrrFChild's book. It Is nn liTJDortpnt book In Trpny w;^s •...»•
Senator V^rren B^rboTir, Nev Jersey :
^k splendid book.,..It is the sort nf book one h^'^s to re^d slowly f>nd thouprhtfnlly. , . .1 h'^ve found i t to >^p ^ost enlip'hten- in[', and cert^inly the reve.^ling light it throws upon ^11 th«t has happened betveen World War No, 1 ^.nd World ^r\T No, ? is indicative of not only the keenest infl^-^'^ ^^^^ in-t-iTr.qte knowledee of r^ll thpt has ^ctunlly trpnspired.''
Professor R^^y Lym^n Wllbur, Ch^ncellor, Stanford University :
"For cne who h«? lived throu^h the spme period, re'^r'^np^ the book ip R e^ood de^^l like stripoinn; off v^rious le«ves from an artichoke» No matter from vhgt .^ide the l^'-^ves come off, yoii pet ne^rer ^nd ne^rer the heprt of p denlor^ible world situa-
i j
( tion which nov^ has to be fou^ht ^ut to a finish,"
Dou.^Ips Miller, Author of "You C^n't Do Business with Hitler" :
"I was comoletely inter^^sted in Mr. Schv^r'^schild* s dl<?cussions of th^ Allied negotii tions and the Treaty of Versflill^s. Ve h^ve a lot to le^^rn from his discussions of these m.*^tters and the book ought to be pnrtlcularly u^eful to u? in th" time vhich
li^s ahe^d ....•*
Stefan rie Kopp, Dirpctor. Polish Inforn^tion Center :
^Mr. Schwflrzschild has broup-ht to the t^sk not only p m^ss of unpublishpd det«-dl but «Iso hns crented a most conptructive baclcFronnd for GpinTi^n diFarme'P'^nt nfter the w?ir....I hope that Mr. Schw^rzschild's booV will be in the hnnds of every states- mnn in this country, and vill receive the widest por^eible dis- trlbi + lonJ*
Rey Stout:
"The World i? still in r^ trr.rce. It will help to jork neople out of it if they vil] re^d Schw?>r7Fschild 's 'Vorld in Trance». It iP high tiire they did something — if only to read « book — and this certainly is th^ book."
Herbert B^yard Swone;
" . . . .Essential back<7round for the untierst'^ndine^ of th^ war and of the sort of oeace that must be made...."
Count Carlos Sforza;
"I have ruoted and r^^r>m^f^r(^f>^ th^ book mo^R than '^ncp..,.
One of the best recent contribntions to the ori^ins of the war."
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ÜSS STJiiM)PE {AK-96) % Fleet Post Office San Francisco, Callf, |
Mr. Leopold Schwartzchild
% TIME Inc.
330 East 22nd Street
Chicago 16, 111.
Sir:
Almost two years ago I had tlie good fortune to select your bock »»World in Trance" tiirough the Book of the Month Club. I read it. I re-read it - not a little surprised at the answers to the questions I had been asking myself about Wilson, Clemenceau, and some of the others. The questions concerning Germany were answered surprisingly and yet very satisfactorily. The populär belief s in the United States after the last war and during the later years following were very confusing but that is all some of us had to draw our conclusions from,
If this book were used as a text or at least on the required reading list of those who would represent us in the world of nations I«m sure our next war could be postponed much longer than the usual twenty five years.
'•World in Trance" is clear, decisive, and interesting. Those are three features very seldom combined in a treatise on political history. I picked up a TIME the other day and found that they had reviewed the book. It was months old then and I was glad to see that they had chosen it* Mail is uncertain out here and by the time we get our news laagazines they are out of date.
I wish you every success in the future*
Sincerely Yours,
Runyan Chief Storekeeper U, S. Coast Guard
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On ''World In Trance" The New York Tinea, Book Revlev;. Front Pare (Wallace R.Duel)
**A careful^well written and stronply v;ritten book^corently arpuGd;a distinpaiished contribution to an understandinc of •'what really happened^ hotween the last arraistice and the new disaster. • . .a sensational book^for it piiivos an account which differs in important respects in almost revolutionary dep:ree fron earlier,coi:u only accepted accounts.Eut Schv/arz- schild has ably docuHented his Version. .. .Schwarzschild has set a new course for the historiens of this period.»* Chicaro S\m,Book Section (Fred Brnndeis)
'^The next tine anybody Starts telkin^ about the nev/ peace, ask hin v/hethor he han read Leopold 3ch\;arzsiUhild^3 *^VVorld in Trance". If he hasn^t,he ou^ht to.I hope President Roose- velt ronds this book.He probably v;ill.And Willkio,and Senator Nye. . . • .3chv/arzso}iild has done a Job v/ith his natorial.He knows the stuff,feels it in his head and his bolly^and dishes it out strairht. . . .The book is aniiiated by nalice thnt often shov/s events nlnont riore funny than horriblo^so tha^: you v/ant to lRur;h (j/'ou have to Inufh) and p;roan in the sar.c breath» The ^onerel level of irony is hirh. • . .Schwarzschild has '"iven US a story with a noral.Tho story rigs true and the luoral is one weM better learn." Kansas City Star;
"A brilliant book If any recent book shoüld be required
readin.r for present and future v/orld Statoren, and the nillions of people v/ho stand behind them^this is surely it. For here
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are the Allied mistakes of the tv/enty years from 1919 to |
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1939 laid bare in lucid,pointed prose. . . ,achv/arzschild does |
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not spare iia.IIe cad write with good conscience.Without in |
any wny piivinfü the irnpression that he desires to set hdinsclf up as more fareeeinp; than anyone eise, he quotes a few pas- sa^es of his forner v/ritif^a which predicted with deadly accuracy v/hat was ^oin^^ to happeti,^ The Houston Press, Texas;
"This is the opportunity to see Geriiany and tho Goriaans throu^Tih the condei^ninp eyes of a realistiCjpenetrating and fortright
4
Grernan, Leopold Schwarzschild^the brillant editor who fled the Hitler terror in 1933 and set up his newspapor in Paris. ••. The style of 3ohv/erzschild,nov; in Arierica^is not the befuddled, ambipuousjouinborsone verbnl maelstrom thnt so often narks Geman authorship but a clnar style that would do crcr it even to our o\m Stuart Chase. •••As hardboile as Per:;ler and aS docunented as Oibbon. • .Gchwarzschild is nov; in llev/ York. So is Thomas Mann.If they ever meet the battle of the Century may transpire.Our ^.aney proes on Schv/arzschild*For Sch^/Qrzschild is toUv'^h.**
• « < *
Tbe New York Post (Sterling- North)
^One of the most brillant livinr journalists. . . .A ma^nif icent-
ly detailed and circ>instahcial report...It is not pleasant.
But men like Schwarzschild knov; v/hereof they speak..." The American Iviercury (Lu.^ene Lyons)
'^An orifTinal and deeply infomed account* . • . .This is histo-
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rlcal journnlism at its best — not another su i^iation of the facts but a nev/ interpretetion bflsed on clo55e-up knoMleciße . . . Pap:es so devastatinp that the voliuTie should be nade oblif^a- tory readinr for all v/ell-iiieanin^>; liberals — especially those who nay have sone influence in shapin?; the post-v/ar v;orld#'* The Nev; Republlc (Yariaii Tr^y)
*^One of the nont reasoncd^raost oloouent and uosz carefully dociinonted expositionn of the anti-Goriaan viev/.For thls is a terrible indictMent,not just of a cliaue or a c?abal,but of a uhole poor»le,, .There is a ;^rcat donl of sobor connon sen.^e in rr.Schv/arzschild^s book^nuch thnt has needed to be Said v/ithout v/ord-ninc inr^.l • /rhe Chief faction porforned by such a bock as this is as a catalyst to disoussion and a challen^-^e to those v;ho do not share the author^s viow.We shall be as- sur'^inp" a frip-htenin/" bürden of rosi^onsibility if v/e again at-
tenpt to meet Ger^.any halfv;ay,or apain aT.tonpt to establish
* a •v/uridi/order' ,\nthout fii'st havinc saarchinnly exanined ar-
puT;'f>nts like those of I.:r,3omvarzschild.** '
The Ilev/ Yorker;
"An Interpretation of the bet\veen-v/ars peiiod th^t 13 osGeu- tipll^" fresh,,.Ablv arfripd and docu'iented. • .Certainlv a chal- len^inp- work, and perhaps e Tery sißf:nif icaut one.*^
George E»Sokolsky:
«
"A veru sirnificant book...." Tribüne ^Oakland>California>
'^For the love of A^.erica and nankind^re-^d this book v/ith an ODoh nind."
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P ost~Innuirer.Oaklqnd,California
■II -1- LI I l.l llllll^llll» -T ■ ■ -* ' • *' ' ' ' ■—»———
»»This is a pood book to read.It should be reouired readinf; on the part of all politicians,especiRlly those v;ho v/ill havo anythin{>: to do v/ith the maklng and the keeping of the peace af '^er the AxLs powers are sriashed."
Emil Lnd^vip:;
"An excellent book.Schv'arzschilcl,fornerly the editor o£ a leadinr politlcal mR/7azine,now haß the coura,^o to rive an untlased hiatory of the ler>t 25 years.,.His arßm'.ants should be knorm to tho world and heeded at thö futurs peace con-
1
ference. . . •'' Franz V.'erfel:
Leopold Schvvarzschild is one of the rare Europst^ü authors^ who as far back as the 1920* s, was nblo to see the riso of
* • • • t
the Ju/^^^ernaut.DiiriiU':: the years v/hen the v/orld was te ing lulled
«
to sleep hy pleasant lullabies of proeTresG,hc raincd his cloar and peroistent voice in o^allencinc reninder.Those v'ho v/ere first in the ^^tru^-r-le arainst MazisL.jFasoisn and all brands of materialistic collentivism,knov/ under v;hat obli^ration they are to hin as a Y/riter,and as a publishor of one of the inost ir.portant Journals denlinp v/ith the political follies of the period.When tho p,overnnents of this "lobe,overf lowinc with wisdoTi and inforne tion.ridiculed his calculatiohs v/ith anused tolerance,he announced to the last f^rthinr the suir;s of the Garpan rearnierient.Hia struKrlCithe first Coti .ando rald af^ainst Nazism,has now becoae the stru-cle of t'^ö entire free world. Ke has earned the rirht to be listoned to,"
I I
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C.J.IIanbro. President of tho Norvorlnn Farlrr'ent;
"I hRve found Leopold 3chwnrzschild»8 book of the most nboor- binp interest and can only wish thot it should bo read by evorv wonnn anrl r^Rn v/ho tries in any vmy to influGnoe public
op
inlon concerninr interna tionnl relatiohs.The book is a rieh
well of information and written with a pnr.siomite conviction, If we desire t'^t the post-v/pr aettlonent ohnll not bo r peace to end pence the faults of the t'vvo docados betv/oen Ver- seiller, and Pearl liarbor nuat not be r.yde over a(ftiRn,..In tliia respoct Schwarzscrdld's book will be of inr.ense velue."
Jfimos Iv!Rrshall,FvOr^rr! of educntion of N^Y^: "It is a fascinntinr book..."
Robort VV.oeorle.Cennral Jecret-ry of the Crreater Hevv Y.)fck Federation
of Chiirclies:
"I have r^ad World in Trance and found it e. tre; endously di- ntvirblap, book^Undoubtedly l^Ir.Schwar^schild^ö intorpretation of the Inst tv/enty yenrr, noeded to be rndejand prrticularly in auch b v ell-docurented tcnnner. • . •••
^fjÜOT Fieldinr Eljflot;
"I»m 1- r onafcly inpressed by World i;i T]-nnco.Thiß trnf^ic hi- Story of the twenty Yeras foli.owinp- the last World War, tho flccuraed decades,as the euthor cells theiri,3hould be read by all of US, with hunility,v.'ith praycr ana v/ith a riainf: reso- lution th' t theae thinfo shall not bc af^ain.The ler-son v;hich this book teaches is th^^t eternr.l vir-ilnnce is clllle tho price of liberty."
/
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Richnrd B,3candrett, Jr.
<————— IUI n 1^1 IM IUI «11 II II II IUI II 11*1 111 II
•^MPtSchwarzschlld^s book is very tirriely and should be read by evryone who ig likoly to h,:?ve an^'^thinf to do v/ith shapinf, the pl'^^^ns at the conclusion of this vmr."
Stanley M^I^^aads:
^I have read with Interest Mr.Sohv/arzschild* s book.It is en inportant book in rn^ny v/ays..."
Senator VVarren BprbourJTev/ Jersey:
''A spelndid book*.#It/ is tho sort of book one has to read slov/ly pin(\ thoiiphtfully. • •! have found it to be rnost ehlirte- ninr^and cert'^. inly tho revenlinp liprht it throv/s upon all thRt hns happened between World War IIo^l and World War No.2 is (^y indicptive of not onl^^ tl\e keenent insi^'ht but ihtiniate knowledp^e of r11 thpt has ?^otually transpired.»*
Professor Rav L^^ian Wilbur>ChRnoellor>3tpnfordUniversi by:
n^M I II if-i «1 »'il III ■" - - ., .. j- ■ ... , . „ . .- . . _^__^
*'For ono who has lived throurh the sane p -riod^readinn the f
j
the book is a pood deal like ntrippin,^ off various leaves from an artichoke.No matter fron v/hat side the leavos cone off, '^
«
you f^et nearer and ne-ror trie henrt of a deplorable v/orld Bi- tuation v;hich novr has to be foup;ht out to a finiwSh.*' /
Douribes Miller, Author of ^'You opnH do business v/3th ITitler^; i
^1 v;ar> conpletely intere-^ted in Mr.Schv^arzf^f'hild* s discussions of the Allied ne^-^otiations and the Treaty of Versailles. We have
a
lot to learn fror! his discnr^sions od there iriatters and the
boolc oupht to be particulary useful to us in the tine v/hich lies ahead •..•'•
7
I
Stef-m de RopD.Director^FoliBh Infornatlon Centor:
•♦Mr.Schwarzschild has broup^ht to the task not only a nass of unpublished detail but also has created a r.03t conGtructive backgrouna Tor Gorrian dlsarnenont after the V7ar»*.#l hope thot Mr.Schv/arzschild's book vill be in the nads of every stetes-
mn
n in this country,and vdll recoive the widest possible dl-
stribution.'* Rex Stout:'*
"The v;orld is still in a tranoe.It ^ ill help to jerk people out of it if they v;ill read 3chv/arzschild»s «World in Trance». It is hif'h tirne they did soinethinf^ — if only to read a book — and this certainly tho book»^'
Herbert Bayard Sv/ope:
«. . ..ERsential backpround for the underw^tandinf; of the war and of the sort of peace t<;nt nust be Liade..."
Count Carlos Sforza:
**I h<^\^e ouoted nnd re comriended the book nore than once..l#
One of the best recent contributions to the orip:in8 of tho v;art*«
>m^iüc^
Jacques Chambrxjis^, I:sc.
745 riFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK 22
WICKERSHAM 2-9-4 6-4-0-46 5-9-4 6 6 CABLES CHAMBRUN NEW YORK
14 Deceffiber 1944
Dear hr, Schwär zschild:
I
Paul 1/lacNamara, Feature Eaitor of Cosir.onolitan, would very much like to discuss v;ith you possible article ideas for his rr.agazine. It v/ould probably be wise to put off your meeting with hini until the first v;eek of January. Are there any particular ciays on v;hich you might be free, so that I can arrange an aopointr/ient?
I
I have already shov/n Hx . LacNarupTa the list of suggested articles I have frorn you. Unfortunately, other writers are v;orlcing on these ideas for the magazine, so I hope you can work up one or tv/o other suggestione before you see hiir. .
/
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Mr. Leopold Schv;ar zschild
ASSOCIATES:
HEWITT H. HOWLAND, Books
D. W. HALL, Eäitorial
BRENT KENYON. England
ALFREDO CAHN, South Amerkä
1
Hermen Ullst-^in 895 Wf^st^nd y^v« New York City
April 17, 43
Mr Leopold Schwarzschild c/o " Th^ Nation ••
S*^hr g<^#^hrtAr Herr Schwarzßchild, Ich bekam erst h^ute di'^ Besprechung meines Buches zu sehAn, die Si«» für di** Nation geschrieben haben , und bin so drfreut übar di« frnundliche Beurteilung und die netten Worte, die Sie für raeine P«r»on fanden, dass ich Ihnen herzlich danken raocht**. Unter zahlreichen Be- sprechung^^n, die nicht durchweg günstig, aber doch überwiegend anerkennend waren, war mir die Ihrige die liebste, eben weil sie aus Ihrer F^^der kam. -Auch dass sie in der von mir sehr geschätzten *' Nat ion " erschienen ist, war für mich sehr wertvoll* Nochmals
vielen Dank und gute Grüsse
Ihr ergebener
u
l^/V^AC^/^
V/\U-Wvwv/
Chamber of Commerce
OF THE
United States of America
Washington
Economic Research Department Emerson P. Schmidt. Director
April 26, 19U8
I\Jr« Leopold Schwarzscliild 225 liast 57th Streut NeT7 York 22, Ilew York
Dear :!r# Schwarzschild:
It Y^as very good of you to send ne a copy of T^TE RSD PRUSSIAII. }J^ son at the University of Pittsburgh^ has been readinc it and has been quite intrigued vdth it, as I know I will be* It is good to have an autographed copy*
I am clad that you put on paper your ideas ab out the Pamphlets, It is always easier to size up the nerits of a pro- ject if one has a fev/ samples. Perhaps sorae time when you are in the nood you could develop one or two such»
Ve have decided to go aliead with developing a local anti-coinraunist progra.-n, that is, for local conraanities, Chambers, rotar^y^ clubs, veterans groups, churches and other rroups, spelling out in rather simple ABC order what these local groups could do in their oivn communitles. Should you have any thoughts on this, I would welcome them«
•■ .. I am attaching a copy of TnE I-iCOMOHCS OF THE GUARAIJTSiCD r ' VJAGE which came out this past v/eek and which might be a subject that you would v/ant to do an article on for some groups.
Very sincerely yours.
aiEi^or p . sc:ünDT
1170/157U
Enclosure
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MEMORANDUM for iiti. MARKEL
from A. H. S.
In tJoat Intetastlng artlcle by Sohwarzschlld in yesterday^s Magazine^ don*t you thlnk that sm ong the causds of the revolution there ahould have been mentlonad the revolt agalnst the cruelty of the Czarlst regime whlch certalnly was not appeased by the f trst üerensicy revolt #
A.H.S.
November 3, 1947
/V'^ .c^kUL M.
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BCPÜN MILITARY POST /^F'O /^'J A c/o Poiüi>aM«r Ntw York. N.V.
/
lO. 10.19^9
Lieber Herr Sc hwarz seh ild ,
von soeben mit wenn dieser serung sind
Sie Zeit se hen , karnten nie od er nie ht • deren Worte einfach aus
Ihrem Versuch, uns z u ver la ssen , ha he ich Entsetzen gehoert. Ich hoffe, dapp Sie,
Brief Sie erreicht, auf dem Were der Bes • Jederfalls wuensche ich es lhnen#
we den aus meinem Brief nach laengerer dass es selbst Ihren entfernteren Be- bt gleichgueltip sein kann, ob Sie leben
Sie waren zu lange* einer von denen, auf
wir beerten, als dass Sie sich jetzt so
dem Staube machen koer.nten*
Ich verstehe wohl, dass Sie ueber die Zeit laeufte ein wenig verzweifelt sind und das*^ vorue- bergehende Schwierigkeiten Sie stark deprimieren. Igend jemand erzaehlte miy, Sie haetten riebt mehr gewollt, weil Sie nicht mehr "schreiben koernen" • Stellen ^ie sich vor, wie oft ich dann bc hon Selbst mord haette begehen muessen; ic r meine, wenn ich im mer Schluss gemacht haette, wenn Sie, lieber Freund, der Ansicht waren^da-js ich nicht schreiben kann.
Mit besten Gruessen fuer Ihre Frau und Sie
Ihr a Iter
Lc^t- I
')
^ilAv^
)
-r»t
GENERAL
ELECTRIC
COMPANY
GENERAL OFFICE SCHENECTADY, N. Y.
RIVER WORKS
920 Western Ave.
WEST LYNN 3, MASS.
Personnel Division Januar y 19, 19^8
Mr. Leopold Schv^arzchild 225 East 57th. Street
NEW YORK 22, N.Y.
Dear Mr. Schwarzchild,
We recently wrote to the New York Times for permission to reprint ycur excellent a^ticle , "First Chanter of a Vast Story", and the editor referi-ed us to you for final permission • Tf it is pranted, we had planned to use it in a special bulletin tbat v/e issue twice a month to the membern of sunervisi-^n in our nlant •
You w^'ll find enclosed a copy of the letter to us from the New York Times wbich, by the way, was delayed throufh a slip-up in marlinr .
Sincerely yours.
fieä (jd.&lßa(Uj^^
Fred W. Mahan Director of Publicity
FUniECT
Max M. Warburg
52 WILLIAM STREET
WHiTEHALL 3-6437
New York 5, N.Y.
December 18, 1944
zs-^ \
«««w "*'».^,
3
^4^^^
Mr. Leopold Schwerzschild 225 Eaet 57 Street New York City
Sehr geehrter Herr Schwarzschild:
Ich habe in den letzten Monaten '^eit gefunden einiges von ihnen zu lesen und habe insbesondere ueber die französi- schen Verhaeltnisse viel gelernt. Briand erscheint mir nach dieser Lektuere in einem ganz andern Licht.
Obgleich Sie Ihr Buch ja nicht ausschliesslich fuer mich geschrieben haben möchte ich Ihnen doch meinen Dank aussprechen. Auch habe ich den Wunsch, mich einmal mit Ihnen ueber die ganze F;ituation zu unterhalten. Sollte bei Ihnen der gleiche Wunsch vorliegen, so wuerde ich mich sehr freuen wenn Sie an einem der naechsten Tage mit mir in meinem ±5uero, 52 William Street, fruehstuecken wuerden. Entschuldigen Sie die informelle Anfrage, aber in dieser Millionenstadt habe ich herausgefunden, dass dies die einzige i*orm ist wie man sich wirklich zu sehen kriegt, da es nicht wie einst bei uns in Hamburg eine Boerse gibt.
Ihre Familie in Frankfurt - ich nehme an, dass es Ihre ist - habe ich recht gut gekannt.
Sie haben recht daran getan, kein Bankier zu werden!
Mit verbindlichem (j
— -*«M«
i
J'uly,13,U
Dear ^r^ Sch\7arzschlld
.# Ordinär ily, I do not caraplain when ny copy iß cut^ At(^T all^ as I v/as taught in one of my f irot lessons in the nevrspaper bysiness, type Is not rnade of soft rubbern and there is Just so nach of it that Cßn bo f>:otten into e given speco* In the case of ixy roview of your book^ ^.fchoußli tho cutt inr^ was so savp^ge the^t the rcviov/ as publishod gave an entirely different iripression of it than v/ae given by the review as I vn:*ote it# I do not apologisso^ since I have no control over the little man with the hatchet v/ho laakes ut) The Herald Tribüne boofc review sec-ion^ but I did think you mifTht like to seo what I raally thoufcht of PIBIER OF THE
COIÜNG WORLD*
With best \dshes
•••^•••This is only a taste of tir* Schv/arzschild^s book-— the merest lick of the spoon# U^riiner of the Coraing World* is a book ^rhioh must bc read* It is an important book. It r^ir^ht with p;reat profit be desip:neted en •Imperative* book^ There is norn of tmo hintory in it^ and of the truc spirit of v;orld politics, than is coi>ir:only cone by in a /hole nonth of rea- dinf^- and it is all sot forth in a style as stirring as the •Marseillaise*«
/
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♦*
\
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BRITISH RF'VIEV/S
Priiner of the Coming World By Leopold Schwarzschild
• •.I find myself in agreement with almost evprvthing Mr. Schwnr7,Fchild SPy8...»Pnt the chanters which will, I susnect, evoke most interest are those depüng with "The Ve.lfp.ve of the Little M^n."
— Sund^^y Times
Sir John Marriott
No more stimulnting book on the ^re^t issues of the nresent day h^s been puhlished than Dr. Schwnrzschild's latest voltme.
— Scotsman
Not for R long tlme have I read p war book so ably orgpnised but so reRlistic^lly npssim.l'^tic in its outlook, so ^rovocntive o-^ oroniTrent, so conipellinr; in its coldly logic«l -^nplvv^is o^ n^st, m-Psent nnd future.. ..The puthor has oermitted himself the luyury of extreme fr^nkness. — P-ily vSketch
No one c^n dispute the nuthor's credentlals; he is «mong the preßt- est liberalF -^nd internationalists of nur tirre, His re'^listic advice is p]l the more decisive, nnd his style, spprklinR with -ll the brilli^^nce of "W^rld In Tr«nce," mpkes it e^sy to follow ever^r ptep in his «^r^ument. • . .Mr. Schw^^rzschlld does not limit himself to the German Problem. He says cour'^.geoup ^nd unpplatable things, about Russia's Position in the world, p.nä his discnsslon of the economic fiiture is th^ b^st B.r\d cle'^rest c^se yet made for crTit^lism nlus Beveridge. Few will a^;;ree with every argiiment in this book, still fewer with every c^nclnsion. Bnt no one who h^s not r*^'^r\ it is en- ti't'led henceforth to sne^k either on lnte'^n?^tirnr'l or '=r*or^mic ?ff«^irs. This is that rpre thing an indispensable book; « book in ^ thous«^nd, not on1y 9 giiide to the Coming world but » primer o^ wisdom,
— Manchester Guardian
Mr. Schwar7Pchild' s book is excell^nt re'^dint^. It i? r^c? ]y wri ttpn: it h^s ^^bonn'^in^ ^nerf^'T'; *^C"tte'»^^d throuc^'h it ^re * ■^r^'^t m^^ny nun- erent criticisms f^nd discerninf^ remarks.
— Thp Obperver
Ch'^rles Tnv^r
l\ci np ^arrestlnt?" chpllenp-e tr> thoue^bt on mo^r^r is^^ins of todov and tomorrow, it is a contribution o^ ontst^nding importcince.
— Spectator
Wilson H'^rris
Thr book is not difficu''t, tho^^gh it is thr^ughout deep ^nd chpllenf:inK Th^ arg^jment is close but Is ^Iv^yp so intelligible +h"t it does not fatigue one who r«^'?ds i^ closely -^p'- to th^ end .
„ British Veekly
Herr Schwarzschild wnn international notice with his "Vorld in Tr?^nce," an impressive ^ccount of how the free neoples ^llowed the rise of the dictatorship with their eyes shut ^nd their sword she^ted. . . .this is a book 8ll should r^^^'' '^nd ponder; for the writer has «firm ::rip of many essentials and nn flnalyticr»l mind which, even when it reaches conclusions not wholly acceotable, comm^^nds resnect by the fr^nVness and forthrightness of its thinking. Herr SchwRrzscbild is .^n astring- ent critic,^wbich p style which gives a sparkle to all he writes.
— The Times
continues
Primer of the Cominp V,iorld by LeopclH Schwar7sch1ld
This det^checr critic, surveyp the whole recent scene vith dev^^fstpting effect. . • .Mepnvhile this is ^ salutar:/ book:
— IlDustrnted London Nevs Sir John Smilre
...•str-inp o^^ the dr^neri^s with whirh others veil the realities— often uf^ly wnd alerming renlities — of to-d^y qnd to-morrow. . . .You mpy pgvee nv dippjjree with on^ or '^noth^r of Schw^r^schllHt g vjevs, but von will gratefully nclcnovled- e th«t he h'^s s«=t vit»l nrohlenp clear- ly before you in ? new light and challeneed you to think theTn out froTTi the root un....Vith c^n-roae «nd stern rp^Iipm Schwnr?schild ^sVs of hi*^ rf^nr^(>r ^M tho^e awkward '^u'^stionp which lurk «^t the b^ck of everybody's mind, but which st^^tesmen feel It inopportune nublicly to r«i?e. . . .m?^terly outspolenness. . . .This s^.'^ll book hpndles a do7en other vit*^l ouestion? with eouf^l hon^st^'- pnd cour^ge; it is nacked with knowledge, thourht r^nd food for thought. Th^ stvle is p.lnple, clear and forceful, lit, moreover, with ole-'^sin^ flasheö of humour pnd irony; a delight to read. No one who c^.n l.ny hrnds on i t should mise it. — John 0' Londons Veekly
E • 0 . Loriir.er
rfbi
Aus einer Rede Orville Prescotts, Autor und Buchkritlcker der Nev; York Times, p,ehelten bei CoSbumbia Broadcasting, am Semstag, ä, 5. Aup:ust 1944.
• ••. "ßrimer of the Coming World»' is intelligent, con- structive, renetlessly logical...,
•..;.• So argues Mr. Sohwarzsohild . irrefutably, I think, with wit and power, eloquenoe and vast erudition in the sorry record calles world history.
Vv> have been discussing "Primer of the Coming
Vvorld" by Leopold Schwarzschild, the best book I know about war, peace, Germany and th(= f uture . It is contro- versial, but it is provovative and convincing also.
I I
Arthur Knopf, PuMisher Nev York.
Schwarzschild 's book:
PRIMFR OF THF COMING VORLD
Here ^in^.lly is a hook by a Gprnnn on the German pepce of tomorrow. As Schw^^rzschild in this topic is my direct rival, I hasten to nraise him, Evpn if he were not the best Journalist the German Re public nosspssf»H, his und er- Standing o^ the F'^therl^^nd woi.^lr' nat^r'^lly be deeper than that of fhp best willin.^ American. I^ I, after having studied the German Problem for thirty ye.vrs, have learned a lot of imnortant details from thifi book, aov much niore .nup-t it '.T-vm for an Aüierican readerl Here he will unoerstand how for twentv years Germsn Propaganda has chp'^ted this country. He will see that this is beinj repented today by S'=^ntimentalists of either sex and by clever riptn^n immijr'^nts vho worked for a soft peace to be well received in their countr^'-.
Phnil Ludwig
Primer of the Comln^? World
A study of oostwar r^roblems hy a not^d Crf^r^'^n lorjrnnllf't who since Hitler'? rise to pover Ir^s contimied ni? work in Fr^^nce and Americ>=<. Writinj in a snri^htly ?^nd lucid style, he m^^Ves Dopular readincr of the mo^t Involved subiects snch »^s j^ntiv^-^r nanaceas, universal democracy, a world authority ^md dernllit^iriTia- tion of Gernn ny, E'^ch chapter ore^ents n succinct argument brcight to ^ clos^ vith a j^tronp* su-Timary sen"^ence. Autbor» c. thesis i? that capitalism presentp th^ best w^y n^ li^'e f='nd that its continued propress d«=»p'^nds unon tho ^-^bility of Ampric«^, FnpTand ^nd RuF!si''^ to m'~^int'-'in the pe^ce o^ the vorld. RpcoT^^'<='nded for all nublic libraries, Knonf, *.'^. (^/?A)
— Rice Fstes, Assoc. Prof. of Libr'^ry Sclr^nce, Pr^tt.
325 North Church St., Charlotte, N. C. Aagast 24,48
Mr •Leopold Schwarzschild,
Washington, D,C. Dear Mr. Schwarzschild:
I want to tlianlc you for your splendid paper in the Nation's Business on "Power is Lahor' s Dilemma"
It takes a stand that is quite unknown to the masses of cur people outside Labor Unionism.. You raise a point which shoiild come to light in every paper in the nation.
It is the merciless outrä:ges which are such a dangerous Symptom.
We need a Dred Scott case which rrill arouse the whole nation; something to drive home to the vas'J^ Proportion of our q^spjkkx people, the menace of the uncontrolled po"fer of unionism.
Faithfully yours.
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3D3 GRENDLA STREET PACIFIC PALISADES CALIFORNIA
September 12, 1944
Avis o au leoteur:
die wenigen Zeilen, die ioh
Ihrem Buch widmen durfte, sind Tom Aufbau zu Ihren Un^tinsten geaendert worden: erstens schreibe ich nicht so^^ein entsetzliches Wort wie "Deutschjude", sondern ich schrieb "der Deutsche"; «weitons setzte ich hinzu: "Der beste Journalist, den die deutsche Republik hervorgebracht hat, einige ihrer wenigen Er-
runp;enschaf ten" •
Nichts fuer Ungutl
^..-v
I
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icöUotations of some reviev;s of Leopold üchv/arzschild's books in England«
World In Tranoe "A remarkable book: which everyone should readt" • Diiff Cooper
H
• • t • •
brilliantly written, it Is contemporary hlstory in the style of Voltaire, one of the most excitlng — as well as the most enter- te ining — bookfl published for yeara.m.. Altogether this is a book to be read by every Enplishman who ever bolieved in being 'klnd to Germany* ••• — Manchester Guardian
»♦He has done a remarkable thing; he hes written a history crv;oded with facts and referenoes, and at the sane tlme not allowed his in- tense zeal for the truth, as he sees it, and the v/elfare of mankind, to be sr-othered ander the dust of his researchest** — • Sir John Squire
(Illustrated London News)
^This is — intentionally and lealthily — and a very disturbing
book« It is the rocord of the chief politlcal illusions of Great
britain, Frence and the U4ited 3tates slnce 191?'# The subject is a v^ell-worn one, but what glves the book distlnction is that Jrhe exaxaples
are well chosen, the tone of tho book is modest and confident, the
st^le is lively and, above alli,i there is the siv';eestion throughout
thot the sa e Illusion besets us all aßain" — Öpectator
^It is a usefull book, and a work of bitter fascination for the pre- sent time, when peace, though not yet vislble is a,<^ain glir^imering over the horizon,'* — Eric Linklater (Daily Mail)
"It is a really great, urpiently important book v/hich everyone must be induced to read#" — John o* London' s Weekly
"Here, in one brillidat volurae, wo have the whole sorry story«*«. This book must be read and pondered«" ~ Tiine and Tide
Frimer of the Gominp' World
"No one cp.n dispute the Quthor's credentials; he is among the greatest liberale and intornationolists of our tirne. His realistic advise is all the lioro decisive, rtio his fityle, sparkling with all the brillance of World in Trance, makes it en: y to follow every step in his argu- rnentt.tt This is that rare thing and indiäpens^ ble book; a book in fl thousand, not only a guide to the comlng world but a primer of wisdom." -- Manchester Guardian
*^Herr Schwarzachild won international notice with his World in Trance, an impressive account of how the free peoples allowed the rise of the dictatorship with their eyes shut and their sword sheethed ••• This is a book all should read and ponder; for the wrlter has a form grip of Hiany essentials and an analutlcal mind whlch, even when it reaches conclusions not wholly acceptable, commands by the frankness and forth- rightness of its thinking." Times Lierary Supplement
♦"As an arrestinr; challenge to thought on major is. ues of to-day and to-mprrow, it is a contribution of outstanding importance." - Spectator
QUotations of some reviews of Leopold Sohwarzschlld's books in England.
World in Trance
"1 remarkable book which everyone should read." - Duff Cooper
n brilliantly written, it is contemporary history in the style
of Voltaire, one of the most exciting — as well as the most enter- te ining — books published for years.... Altogether thia is a book to be read by every Enpilishmon who ever believed in being 'kind to Germany* ,•♦ — Manchester Guardian
"He has done a remsrkable thlng; he has written a history crwoded with facta and references, and at the sane time not allowed his In- tense zeal for the truth, as he sees it, and the welfare of mankind, to be smothered under the dust of his researches." — Sir John Squiro
( Illustre ted London News)
"This is — intentionally and lealthily — and a very disturbing book. It is the record of the chief political illusions of Great Britein, France and the United States since 191^. The subject is a well-worn one, but what gives the book distinction is that ^he examples are well chosen, the tone of the book is modest and confident, the atfle is lively and, above alliji there is the Suggestion throughout that the sa e Illusion besets ua all again" — Spectator
"It is a usefull book, and a werk of bitter fascination for the pre- sent time, when peace, though not yet visible is again glimraering over the horizon." — Eric Linklater (Daily Mail)
"It is a really great, urgently important book which everyone must be induced to read." — John o' London' s Weekly
"Here, in one brilliAat volume, we have the whole sorry story.... This book must be read and pondered." — Tiiae and Tide
Primer of the Coming World
"No one can dispute the quthor's credentials; he is among the greatest liberals and interna tionalists of our time. His realistic advise is all the more decisive, end his Ätyle, sparkling with all the brillance of World in Trance, makes it ea^y to follow every step in his argu- ment.... This is that rare thing and indiäpensable book; a book in a thousand, not only a guide to the coming world but a primer of wisdom." — Manchester Guardian
"Herr Schwarzachild won international notice with his World in Trance, an impressive account of how the free peoples allowed the rise o£ the dictatorship with their eyes shut and their sword sheethed ... This ia a book all should read and ponder; for the writer has a form grip of many essentials and an analutical mind which, even when it reaches conclusions not wholly accep table, oommands by the frankness and forth- rightness of its thinking." Times Lierary Supplement
"AS an arresting challenge to thought on major Isf^ues of to-day and ^ to-mprrow, it is a oontrlbution of outstandlng importance." - Spectator
RUTH ALEXANDER, PH. D.
Kr« Leopold 5cgv;arzschild
care Charles Scribners — Publishers
New York City
R.D.I.
CAMAAN, NLIV YORK
August 12, I9li7
Dear llr» Gchwarzschildj
I thourrht you might be interested in the enclosed comment on your magnificent bock on Karl r/.arx. I write an editorial column every Sunday for the Hearst papers from coast to coast and have about l5 million Sundajr readers. (In Kev/ York I v/rite for the IvlIRRCR instead of the JCuHNAL AI'ERICAK. The I.:irror has the second lar^^est circulation in the v;estem
hemisphere.)
Do you know Dr. von l.Iises in Kew York?
I am at our summer home nov/ but sometime v;hen I am in New
York I would be hanpy to call on you and your v/ife
) f
V
V.lth best wishes, I am,
Sinccrely yours
PRINCETON THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY
PRINCETON. N. J.
EDWARD HOWELL ROBERTS DEAN OF 8TUDENT8
EDNA HATFIELD ASSISTANT TO THl DEAN OF 8TUDENT8
Februaiy 1, 1943.
l^r, Leopold 3ch\varzschild, 225 Basr 57th Street, New York Jity.
Y^ dear Ivlr. Schwarzschild :-
I vas very much üistresoed to find today that I had not written you to express my deep appreciation of your coniing to Princeton and attending the i'ymposiam lueetirih' at the Princeton Inn Your book was a tremendous stiiuulus to the iuen, ^nd many of them spoke to KlO aftenvards about the excellent j^eeting and were deeply appreciative of your splendid contr'.bution.
I v/ant to say how helpi'ul your book was to jue and I have recoinniended it to many of iny friends. It certalnly ofTsets the jropa^;anQa vdth ;vhich we i^ave ^'oeen flooaed bince the last '^var. I shall look lon^iard wit'i a p-reat deal oi oleasure to vour next book.
Iv'y .cindest re£:ards to you.
Very sincerely yo irs,
t^ ,«..#>.
New York, N. Y. Oecember 28 , 19^^
Ur. Leopold Schwär zchild
c/o L, B. Fischer Publishing Corr).
3B1 Fourth* Avenue
N-w York, N. Y.
Dear Mr. Schwär zchild:
T have been very deeply impressed by your book, TORLD IN TRANCE. In fact, I consider it so im- portant that I have written to The Reader 's Digest, , askinr them to reprint it. I have also asked a number of friends to do the same thing. This letter is to sueigest that you get some of your friends, also, to request this.
The Reader 's Digest geto a great niany sug^estions for books to reprint, but a dozen or tv;o letters abou"*: any one book do not go un-noticed.
Very truly yoiU'S,
Frederick Anderson
32 V.'ashington Square New York, K. Y.
■OH«
\
567 West 149th Street New York, N, Y.
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My dear Mr. Schwär zchild,
Your book, "World in Trance»^ has exclted my unbounded admiration, and I feit impelled to wrlte and thank you for your important contribution to the my education.
I cannot speak highly enough for the crystalllne clarlty, the süperb logic, and the refreshing lack of any sort of men- tal fogginess, that your really wonderful book contalns* I learned, for the flrst time - the truth about many things, and slnce I was a chlld of ten in 1918, and have been brought up slnce that time on a diet of the conventionaai half-trujbhs, and outright lies - you can imagine how deeply grateful I am to you.
If I had my way, "World in Trance" would be required reading for every Member of our governing body - and indeed I cannot think of anything more valuable to have in such a moraent of history.
I am natlve American on both sides for generations, auul America is infinitely the richer for your presence here, and though 1 do not supi)ose you are rightly appreciated, 3bcin±jLb the bringers of light are seldom appreciated - you have given me much, and I am greatly in your debt. I would be greatly honored if I could meet you someday«
Yours in gratitude.
V
1'
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Chamber of Commerce
OF THE
United States of America
Washington
Economic Research Department Emerson P. Schmidt. Director
May 19, 1948
Mr. Leopold Schvarzsehlld 225 Saat 57th Street New York 22, New York
Bear Mr« Schwarzschild:
I hATe "by now Just a'bout completed the teading of your book THE KB5D PEOSSIAN, which yo\i eo kindly gaye me. I think it l8 a marvelous analysia aad certainly raiaea the question of what atout the economic Interpretation of the economic interpretationl It also rereala that the Communiat front and the theory of Infiltration waa hit upon "by Marx hlmaelf virtually in their preaent forma. I do hope your hook will get very wlde reading and I am glad that the NIW YOHK TIMES had auch a favorahle review.
My friend Benjamin Mandel who, at you may know, ia Director of Reaearch for the Houae Un-American Activitiea Committee, aent to me on January 28 the attached letter, in which he auggesta an outline for another hook, and it haa croaaed my mind repeatedly that perhaps you could write thia kind of hook. I am eure that Mr. Mandel would "be delightad to talk thia matter over with you further ahould you "be intereated, Please return the letter to me*
Now I haye another au^feation for you* You may have noticed that the British Lftbor Party ia giving some aerious consideration to halting future Socialization» Private Enterprise ia much of lurope is in the halance. I "beliere that it is highly urgent that someone. with a gift of Imagination and with a capacity to aet down in ABC faahion the proper atepa, ahould write a pamphlet entitled: BI-PRiyATIZATION OF INIXJSTEYj An Outline of Procedure.
Even the title itaelf might become a very important part of the paychologlcal warfare in this ideological hattle. Inatead of ahandoning hope, it would give people
- 2 -
Hr« Leopold Schvarssehlld *-
May 19, 1948
hope» and hera and there a few people night begin to organize study groupe, vrite articlee» ete« Let me know what you thlnk of thls project« I think you are the man to do It« I am not eure that ve vould publish It, but at least I would be villing to take tbat point up with the Management of the Chamher«
Yours Vary sincerely.
XKSBSON
1170/1412
•«i
Return:
Emerson P. Schmidt
U. S. Chamber of Commerce
Washington, D. C,
January 28, 19h8
Dr# Emerson P* Schmidt U. S. Chamber of ComTnerce 1615 H Street, NW Washington, D^ C»
Dear Dr. Schmidt:
Thank you for arranging that delightful interview with Mr. Richberg.
I should like to outline in brief the proposal in which you expressed an interest» Its purpose would be as follows: l) To give the Chamber prestige as a paceraaker in the field of govemment policy as it was in connection with the Loyal ty Program; 2) To educate the American people as to the real alternatives they face; 3) To answer the Soviet Propaganda about American businessmen as warmongers; h) To fumish a basic guide for our own policymakers«
The work I have in mind should be written by some such authority as William Henry Chamberlin, 22 Holden Street, Boston, Mass., with the help of a leading economist like Henry Hazlitt and the advice of a retired military expert. Perhaps Admiral Leahy. The draft should be gone over by Constantine Brown, Leahy, Don Levine. Bullitt and others»
The descriptive title would be THE CHOICE BEFORE THE USA AND USSR. The book would be divided into two oarts: l) If Russia decides to use war. It would give the methods of testing and proving whether such is her present purpose. It would picture the possible destruction that would ensuB, clearly placing the responsibility upon the Soviet leaders. It would then outline the policy of the United States and her Allies, which would be forced upon us by Soviet aggressivencss. It would show the aim of such a war as the utter destruction of the Soviet Government root and br^nch and its Substitution by a deraocratic regime, as the guarantee of permanent pence.
Part II would deal with the other alternative: if Russia rhooses peace. It would lay down certain stem guaranteea including the dissolution of the Cominform, all Communis t Parties as well as aid of any kind by the Soviet regime toward sub- versive f^roups in any part of the world. This part should be airtight with strm penalties. It should not include the wtshful thinking that accompnnied Teheran and Yp.ltB.m If Russia meets these tests there should be outlined a possible peaceful development without thought of Intervention in Russia 's in^'^mal affairs and the economic rehabilitation and reconstruction that would ensue^ The work should clearly indicate that that would be our nreference. It should put the Russians squarely . on the spot#
Sincerely yours.
oajJj^Q^^
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U,f.\A Car^/*^Sck;M rj/rtf-^-; ^OX 1- Jj7
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BEAVER LAKE HOUSE
Ulimann, proprhtor
TELEPHONE SHOKAN 582
KRUMVILLE
ULSTER COUNTY, N. Y.
T^ V. ■,«
LeopolcL Schwar^schild Beaverlake House Kuiavllle
June^ 6, 47»
Dr. Jules 7>22 £• 68 New York
Abels Str.
r*<i
Dear Dr* Abels i
■ I au^i noA üving on a fara out aide of Ne«r York, and if you savr li- you wouxd harcily recogr.ize me. hy hair aiid weight returned to normalcy, I am sun-tanr^ed and strong — In ont Word, physic£iiy I htvö thus iar notiiing oarticuiar to complain of, The oiie serious souvenlr of my ricknesa is of a different liature. Uy bralu ätiil refuafcs to recovcr, arxi I aa still as Incapabl« f!.ot aoiüg auy real v-oric as I ras; at the tlUiC w)ior; I had fi^iaily to give up vritlng that indispensable last chapter of which you heard a lot, and the iack of vhich is now grertly l:apedij.g th. saccess cf cjy bock.
Coalng on top of t^elve ü.onths of a slckness which swallowed up the aeagre financial reservcs I could salvage from othtp cata atrophes, this coiitinucd Incai-'acity to work ia Lcrti- cularly worrylng me. And that leads me to anoth r poi-t. I lave before ise your last tili, aiid I ho^e that iü consideration of these circui-stances I riiay ask you for a reduction of your other- wise certalnly Justified fes. I encloso check of :lt,2ö,- ai d I am aure you will appreciate how enbarrassfcag it is for ae to write you about this«
Vcry Sj.ncerely yoiirs
Leopold Schwarzschild
Ell
SWEDEN'S LARGEST DAILY NEWSPAPER
HEAD OFFICE: STOCKHOLM - SWEDEN
Itr.LGopold Scfe-arz Schild, 22^ East 57th Street, New York City.
31 Grove Street, New York D4,II.Y., July 21,19h7.
Dear l!r,Schvrajrzschild,
It may interest you to knov;- tliat your book,"The Red Prussian",v:as revie\Ted in "Dagens Nyheter" on June 8. afettclose a clipping of the long revie\v,vrritten by Herbert Tingsten,the editor-in-chief of the paper» i;r/?ingsten Trrites,i.a. :
"Schwarz Schild is the first biographer of larx whose work is based on the ccmplete edition of llarx' correspondence,published in roscov7,and^ tliis is largely ^nhy he is able to place l'jasx in a somev/hat new light. His book,as a inatter of course,ought to be translated into S\Tedish; it is^ fascinating in its liveliness and energy and possesses scientific nerit by virtue of its strict consistency and its intelligent reflections."
I!r,Tincsten,it mav interest 70U to kncnT,was a professor o± political science at Stockholm Ihiversity before he took over the editorship.and has v/ritten the official historjr of the Social Denocratic Party in Svreden. Thxs vrork v/as considerably more critical tlian the party leaders Iiad oargained for, and apmrently the studies Tingsten undettook in preparing it contributed to changing his ovm convictions.so that later he left the party. .dthout any direct party affiliation.he is now in the forefront of the libcrals (in the ItXiropean sense of the Yford) in Svreden»
I don't suppose tliat vour nany accomplishments include the ability to read Swedish. K you should be interested in finding out the entire Contents 01 the article and have difficulties ixi gettixig sonebody to translate it for you.I shall be only too glad to help you,if only you »11 let me know.
V/ith kindest regards.
Your 3. sincerej.y (Sven /ihman)
%
I t I t
31 ürore street H«w York
July 2ßt 1947
Tour ietter hni boen forw rdod to «e to Xh*n pltior^where I h'iTe t'ikea refoge for the siazamer« Tlie ollppii%» nd your traiislr' tiont and the deiorlption 70U ^^^v of the rutnor hriTe l)06n plvf trnt inc?eed« snd you naTe betrn nost doui:lcipr te to inform «e»
It ia« of courtOf true th^t amoiie» «y mod«6t Ablllt^ei tlie üiredlgh 1 n(pi?^ge has^ taforttm z^sly^ no place« ^ tha 1 vnll Ttjhelt of yonr Kiivf offsr to tmiiaiate It io mm^ «'ud aki^ll not roll to C4»il you up Ml 8ocm h8 I returu to N«w Yoric in ^ntamlor*
Lookiziiii; forv^rd to the pleafuro of »eli^ you ^aia^ I Mit de r ^!r# >hmc^zi,
ilnoerely yoora
f.eopold behwers Schild
<s
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Class of Service
This is a full'rate Tclcgram or Cablc'
f^ram unless its de« crred character is in- dicated by a suitable •ymbol above or prc ccding the address.
WESTERN
1201
SYMBOLS
S
DL "Day Letter
rrf'i;
346
'Vi.X^X^m ^ t^ 1 n! I NLT-Cble Night Lei
T!F**H«*« JOSEPH l_. EOAIM ^ [
"** 4rȀ PRESIDENT S Ship Radiogran
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'1*l|fi filinty tim« cVinwm in iko Amfo Itvttt *»»» ♦«Iä«»^»«»»««. ««t/1 Amtw \f^»-4-i\wtn in 0*P A XTF» A 'PFk fTMW •♦■ rtninf- rtf
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'^" " ^^ VI ■* — "- *^\ ^'V-i- r
. Tüne of receipt is STANDARD TIME at poiat of deatinatioo,
LEOPOLD SCHWARZSCH!LD='
'-n ,s;p '^..
i:
22 5 EAST 57 ST
'1 tJYK =
5. 57
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Kj
HAD INTENDED COMING NEW YORK THIS WEEK BUT NECESSARY RETURN
HICAGO r.lMEDIATELY WILL 3E IN NEW YORK MIDDLE N0VE^13ER w[lL call YOU MY CHICAGO ADDRESS IS 2600 LAKEVIEW AVE THIS SUNDAY TSSUE OF WIRROR CARRIES ANOTHER ARTICLE 3Y ME ON YOUR BOOK SINCEREST REGARDS^ ■■
:RUTH ALEXANDER.
2600.
Pl^ß
.^•„^■f-'
THE COMPANY WILL APPRECIATE PUGGESTIONS FROM 1T9 PATRONS CONCERNINO ITS SERVICE
I I
A\agt 31« 1947
Ccnsan, "Tew York
Dcar Hl öS .Uoxaiidor:
Xour Ic-tier find your ar^itle reaohed cie hOT* Uffere I hRve Br-ont tiio sumnor, and botli nndc ru Icp.saiit roadlnt» '/ou ^ißve «aiö e exi^ctly wh.it I would lu.ve vjiahec the reviev/ers to iey»
Äny Ol theni^oi' couree, vre on tJ-ie other sld- of tbt: fenoo, and tli«y reaoter :s Üic-,'^ hc' ci to. Init nany of the otherst uniike you» icnovr hardly cnythln^^ of >^lnrx rind hie eciencc» Insiefid, tl.ey hr^vt iriliiheci the notion Lhat rt :ny rate hr muet hrve l:fen a titsiu« '.he^ v;ere thuö iriclinrd to &ua:^ect th^ t ^ly Btory must bo somewhct trloky and to ar^ e on the line ; hov; oould r ^,ref^t man h^VG teen littleJ Lteiny of iheni .^Iso failed to dißoovor » or to nentlon, thnt ilSrx conatltutes a complete parsdit^ma ßnd er )lnnation or today'a .So'^iet phenomeria« /»nd fev. of tbem mentioned thr.i the book ie wlthin tha reaob of the r. verübe roadfr« You iirve done nothlr.^ of the r.lnc"!, cnd of oourse I b^ö^tly anjoyed wh-^t you hnve written« Irui thnt you spoak to an audience of 15 mlllion roacere 1' too inprr;ß8ive n frct noL to iritpire v'-^e.
If \7e coTild mcet in New Tork, thr.t ?.ould be ftnt« I itell be böok- in ihe ^niddie of September and ai lookin^ fon ard to your c<'Ul« "y t^Zephcne nambor iß Tlldorado 5-lOSl. Ijj thcn I ehr* 11 als 6 able to give you the Pddrese of Dr. von iceo« I laiow hia, tut met hrn but oncc or twice • •
In the meaxnrtiile 1 am
very slncerely youre
Leopold oohv/arz Schild
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Octohor, 1U$ Kl
Miss Ruth AlexfiiiÄer
2600 i'äkevlev; Avenue Chlcepo, 111*
c
De«^r r/ls9 Aloxondor:
I v;as V'.-'^ry tour^hed to ;?et your telef^rani' me and to reed your artlcel« As to the reviewers ^ I feel It v;ns hi.^"! tir.o thnt ^o'^a^ one puts his fin/^ers on thla wounc!* Other^ I hope, will carry tho bell further#
I Rin anxloua to see you v/hen you cone to New York and talk to you, a brothor ia nriaa,
With alncorest rogards, I am yours
c
Leopold Schwerzachlld
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RUTH ALEXANDER, PH. D.
2600 Lakeview Avenue Chicago 14, Illinois Oc tober 18, 1947
Dear Mr. Swarzschild:
Thank you for your letter* I am glad to have your address and I will certainly see you when I come to New York sometlme in November.
I enclose a letter which may be of inteeest to you. Do let me know if sales went up after these two coluinns on your book.
With best wishes, .>
Sincerely yours.
RRrbJs
I I
Rovembor, 11, 4-7
Ut, Kroderlc L. Mlon lin rper ' d i'.Rf'a z ine U9 E. 33. i3tr, New Yoi'k, 16
DfiBT *.r. All*5n:
1
Mra# liarbore Werd hac pivennthc docisive issue Q v;i(]o berth« The • ecisivo Isnui^ is not thn j?ocif'lizotion of econor.ic propertyt ^vhich ahn rip;htly colls eines t irre- levant to ••rilr;in*8 present or.lniS| bnt th^r t?ocir?lizction of the econorric r^roconses; of the Mechenlnn, conduct, oj)o- rption of the ocono^y^ Contrnri.ly to chp f^oci-llötic r.j'nti- cisn or yore It hes ion/^ since ttirnec! out thnt thiSi önd not the juridlclnl nlcety of ov/nprahip, jp th? hu." of the ;:)rQ- blen o: öoclAllßrit And liritain^s proaent o:xperl;'if3nt Is therc- fore iiiuch noro Importe nt for th*- v/crld than noßt pooplc ser^n to unrieratanrt^ It Is tho flrBt grcpt tost of 3ocinlisn by nenns of th'^ noci.-illza':ion of the T)ioCf^nM03, ifiici: in tho reel thin-^; v/hllo nef^lectinr: the sociijllzation of property, v;hich In ta^. ir.r/^terir.l thin'%
I v/oulfl lii<^o to wTito for« yoxi a picco obout thin extrer 6ly intcrostinr 8ubject# Ana it woulc! not bo llnitod to suo/i throrctiorl njeditöt iou^ ♦ It v>ul(i rlno trrnchc tho prncticnl queatlons: VVr^s Knf^lpnd at liberty to chone the op- poflite c:nirnc? ond in pJio still p^t IVot^^rl^^ to (!o no?
I aanuneg ^nybe DresunT^tuoualv, introduce myoolf to you enc! shoil bo l^o]siin^- a Word frora you.
th'^t I noed not forwcrd to
Sincf^rely yours
Loopold Gchv/orzschild
y i
^Ij^ Kein gitrk ^imm
18 November 7, 1947
Dear SohvarzschUdt
I haye heard very nica things about that place of yoMTB and nov there la thia note fron the publlaher«
Vould you aay that hia viavpolnt haa anjr validlty?
Yowa,
LMtnat
Mr« Leopold SchvarzachUd 225 East Fifty-aeventh Street New York 22, New York
h»
)
Author of ^The Red Prussian»», the newly published
biofrraphy of Karl Marx, in which surprisinp;ly unknov/n fects
about the fether of comraunism aro unfoläod* In Berlin he
«
founded in 1920 the maf^azlne "Das Tage Buch»^ and in 1923 the economical v;eelcly »»Martazin der Wirtschaf t»* and edited both of them* j/tfter the advent of Hitler he revlved the former In Paris # Kevine enlgratod to America in 1940, he v/rote, inter alia, the atory of the botween-the-v/ars period^ "World in Trance", v/hioh cane to fane when Churchill in 194/^ sent copios of the book to the nembers of his cabinet and the Prirae Ministers of the Dominions, askinr then to read it as a preparation for an impendin^ Empire Conference.
W/f/ ifV
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^r /t*'ecc a^ceaJy /nox^ i(»^^-r-ni _^<^^Ae /^i**^
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Yxkull,
Stockholm Strandvägen 78 31. Lo. 1947.
Lieber Herr Schwarzschild,
Jahre sind vergangen, seitdem wir uns zum letzten lam im Keller von den Vier Jahreszeiten in Muenchen trafen, Niir selten konnte ich Ihre Arti- kel lesen, von den 12 Jahren Gefägniss im (xrossdeustchen Reiche war ich auch einige Zeit in einer Einzelzelle Gast der Gesjipo tmd nach dem ersehn«^ ten Zusammenbruch erhielten wir auch weiter keine Buecher, Zeitungen, Zeit- i Schriften. ^ *
Desto dankbarer bin ich jetzt, nachdem ich als einer der wenigen di Erlaubnis erhlaten haben Deutschland zu verlassen, Zeitungen, Buecher lest zu können. Ich war glmecklich in der '-^'at Ihre ausgezeichneten Artikel zu lesen, diese Artikel konnten nicht besser sein. Ich sehne mich Aich danacl mehr von Ihnen zu lesen.
Ich sende diesen Brief an die Tat mit der Bitte um Weitersendung, Immer, lieber Herr Schwarzschild, Ihr in alter Verehrung \m Ergebenhef
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Hie technlque of displaylng ef or : having s tzel po er the xlflium of enthusiasffi for all the p .raphernati^id oT de acracy^ whlle already elng resolved to brush all of them away, once having got hold of thi^ pover -~ In this case to shout louder than anyone ^Long live the Constituent Assemblyl^ avant^ vvhile already re- solTed to disperse it by bayonets apreSa
The techni :ue of «tapt Staging th final asaaiilt not a3 an attaok^ b it as a desperate last minute-action for preventing soine perfldiuos attack of the othe f ello s -~ in this c-rsc of pre enting the irapending execution of a rudlenly discovered KereMsky soaspiracy ec»nprising tti^ occupation of Petrograd by th- Geriaan army^ t^ie canceliation forev^r of the el^ction - to tho Constituniit As e ^bly^ aud the re«»ln3tallation of the Czar.
The 11 st Is no^ co-pl te* B\it it Kay sho^ you thf way in ahich I ^hirlk to ar/arip^e th^^ ptece vlth th help o" t'itti.ig ^uo- tations etc. ~ the klnd öf the ^uasi eternal points I iiitend to drive at In rec a^jitulatin^ the story oV h p/^^^t local event*
itay^e you are in Furope at this »o»ent. A iy^ay, 30L.e how aiid so/Rewh'^^n I .-^hr?!! have your oplni n a^d lookin^ for>^ar<i i;o it
I am^ ^vith best regc\rds yours
c
March, 2^, /•.S*
t-.
{ )
i^T, iiaiailton Fish Ariustrojif: Foreign Aff-ilre 5a F., 6P. str«
Kev; York
Dear ?«*r. Amstronp;:
As a sequel to my recontly publinhed Marx biofüretihy, I have v.rMc i'HBOi'.rO'.as Into the I-'^rxict nronoimcenonta ebout war from IR^ß to 194^^. The rri.gteri«l enounta to e renl codox concornlr.,- wer — n bo-^y of sur- "nr5.nin''ly cnnslfltont and'%ntbif;uou8 theorles foriiiuMtcd by Kiftrx, sherpeaed by Lonir., aii^ cor.f Ir^ird by ytr.lin, Murn of It h«B not oven beon translated, and most of it In conpletely uakxio-a, To uiifolo thir, co:^ox, uoln^» In tho f'oin th« »noster's own worda and adding little moro to thet'i than sorno indiaponöable oxplonatlonr, ^hould be most timfily, «jnd also qulte plqvzant,
If you want to discuas the subject, pluese dxoT) no 0 lins, or caLI .-n« up ( £1^. 5-1031 ). I trled to reach you by talephone, but did not suoceed«
Vary truly youra
Leopold Schv/arzschild
O
BUSINESS UBN * S FORUM
Officers and Board of Directors
DR. FRITZ SCHLESINGER President
DR. NORBERT GOLDENBERQ
FRED J. HERRMANN
ALFRED PRAGER
Vice-Presidents
WILLI GUNZBURGER Treasurer
FRED H. BIELEFELD Secretary
JOE ADLER
MANFRED M. BLOCHERT
FELIX H. CAHN
DR. MORRIS DESSAUER
ELSIE FRANK
WILFRED C. HÜLSE
(ON LEAVE TO THE U. 8. ARMY) LUDWIG LOEWENSTEIN DR. HERTHA NATHORFF DR. HANS SALZMANN ERWIN SCHNEEBERGER JULIUS WEINBERG
MANFRED GEORGE
Editor of Aufbau
of the
NEW WORLD CLUB, Inc.
•• ESTABLISHED 1924
67-73 WEST 44TH STREET NEW YORK 18. N. Y.
VAndkrbilt 6-S168
Tebiuaiy 15th, 1946
Dr. Lepold Schwarz schild 225 West 57 th Street New York, N.Y*
Dear Dr» Schwarzechild:
We takti the liberty of approaching you again with reference to our correepondt nee of October and November 1945«
You were kind enough at that time to exprees your willingneBs to lecture for our BuBlnese Uen^B Forum at a later date» when the work on your bock would allow you to do so« We hope that thia might ba the case by now» the more elnce we have beeil ge<tting many more isqulries from our friends in the meantimei who are looking forward to your lecture which we promised them«
Kay we therafore hope that you will agree to hold this lecture in the Gerioan language on
**Bconomic Conditione in Po et war Europe**
in the second half of April, 1946*
We would greatly appreciate your early reaction in this matter, aince we want to proceed with the neceeeary arrpngementeat an early dato*
Pleaee reet aeeured that the membere of our group will be extramxly obliged to you for euch a lecture» which they con- eider to be one of the highlighte of the program of this group«
Kindly accept in advance our thanke for your collatpration*
Sincerely youre
S« AufhfiUser Exacut ive Secretary
sVew
/^>
Fortune
350 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK I
EDITORIAL OFFICES
April 28, 19^+7
Mr. Leopold Schwarzchlld c/o Charles Scrlbner*s Sons 59? Flf th Avenue New York, New York
Dear Mr. Schwarzchlld:
Thls note Is wrltten to teil you that I enjoyed your Marx book tremendously, and that I think your publlsher should by all means try to secure a llcense for the publlcatlon of Its German original In Germany.
If you ever have tlme for a get-together, I should greätly appreclate It*
Yours very slncerely,
Kurt Bloch
c
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Al>>ort Bonnior Jonupry, 30, Kl %
Eox 3159 Stocilcholm
Svreden
t
Depr i'^r# Ronnier:
•
I rot yoar lottor of Jenuery ??• ond am very plepsed th^^t you shov; oo nuch Interest in v\y book, K'r. Pr>rklns of Scrlbner^s pronlBed to hovo the r>Blley proofs nplled to you Inirr.cdiatelyt
There Is unfortuii'-^tely e little incl- dont I hnvo to toll you pboutt Thitj book ends with tlie . denth of I>rx« But my Intention v/a3 to end it v/ith on iipilorue In v-hlch I drev-/ tho concluöion of thoee ^00 odcl pöP'eo. IIov;, a very peraiatent ntron^e nkln dis- eano prnvented rm nince about tvo r'onths to \;rite tho If^st pnrGS of thln ooncluslon* Sc:**ibnor*s r>re WF^ltinr: for ny pernisr^ion to print %\\^ book 85? it ia» But as I am about to recovor I vlll nake a pqreat effort to v/rite thene fowenaros* I think t.Vt you cnn juct fo ahepd and hnve the book tronrlated* }:pilor;uo or no Epilomic, It will bo pi-inted \;ithin the next 6 weeko
bv Scrlbner'st
* I takc: It pw^ a r.atter of oourse thr-^t v;e v'ill tnik nbout tho torns when you co.^e to Ilevj York anö I hopo thot you \.ill und erstand that the advance on ray roynltles v.'ill ^A^.ve to bo hl{^her iu thiü par- ticuirr cnae thrn iu tho prevlous ones«
Lookin/^ forv/ard to see j^'ou sonn
I am v;ith best recards yours
Leopold üchiJarzBchild
!■
NATION'S BUSINESS
FublifiheJ hj
THE CIIAMliEK OF COMMERCE
OF TUE tTNITED STATES
WASHINGTON
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Jantiaxy 18, 194-6
Dr. Leopold Schwarzchlld 225 East 57th Street, New York, N. I.
Dear Dr. Schwarz child:
I am enclosing herewith copy of a letter which discusses points in your article, "Riiesia Cannot Bqual American Production."
We stould appreciate your communicating directly with Ur, Vesser in response to his comments.
Thanking you for your kindness in this connection, and with all best wishes,
Cordially yours,
/
Art Brown Associate Editor
\
/
QUERIDO VERLAG N.V. • AMSTERDAM
SINGEL 262 • TELEFON 47674
Werner Cahn Ajnsterdam-Z» Kinderdijkstr. ÖO I
Mr. Leopold Schwarzschild
Mew York
22b East 57th. street
AMSTERDAM, den 26* Februar 19 46
beor geenrter Herr bchwarzschild>
Herr Dr# Landshof f übergab mir das deutsche Manuskript Ihres Buches WORLD IN TRANCE mit dem Auftrag, eine überf eilung des Textes und eine Übersetzung der fremdsprachlichen Titate vorzunehmen« Ich hdibe das Manuskript durchgesehen und mit dem engliscnen Text verglichen« Der deutsche Text ist offenbar allein in Hinsicht auf die englische Ausgabe geschrieben* Infolgedessen kann es nicht bei einer flüchtigen überfeilung bleiben, das Maruskript müsste sorgfältig aurchge arbeit et
werden«
loi fQore ein paar Beispiele aus dem deutschen ManuöKript an,
die ich beliebig vermehren könnte;
•..Nachdem schon in allen früheren Wahlen der trend beständig retrograd gewesen war. .. .
...iMavalle hatte keine extra ordinären (^ualitSten. .
• •
.bobald er Ende 1^24 ins Foreign Office eingezogen gewesen war...
. . •
England wird demjenigen aer arei ;;>taaten, i^^ranki« ica, Belgien und DeutdChlam helfen, der aen aoueren angreift (hier ist genau das umgekenrte gesagt von dem, was gemeint ist und auch im engliocnen Text steht, denn die Garantie gilt natürlich für den Angegriffenen und nicht für den Angreifer* )
Die Zitate sind offenbar hin-und zurückübersetzt und müssten verifiziert werden. Das Beste wäre natürlich, wenn aie dconit einverstan- den waren, dass ich die Bearbeitung hier vornehme und evtl. das Imprimatur erteilen könnte. Natürlich garantiere ich Ihnen, dass bei der Bearbeitung am sachlichen Inhalt nichts geänaert würde. - Den bearbeiteten Text per Luftpost hin-und zurücKzusc hieben, ist aussergewöhnlich kostspielig und eine Versendung per gewöhnlicher Post würde die Drucklegung nicht um rochen sondern um Monate verzögern«
Ich freue mich, nach 12 Jahren die Bekanntschaft aus Bandol, an die ich gern zurückdenke, wenigstens brieflich zu erneuern«
Mit ergebenen Empfehlungen
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Knrch, ^t ^6*
Canadlan Institute of International Affairs National Seoretariat 230 Bloor Street West Toronto 5
Deer Sirs;
I bef^ to aclcnov/ledp;e receipt of your letter of i^^ebruery 21 • and appreciate very nach your invita- tlon to speak at one of your meetinrs in April or I!ay«
But I an v/orkinp; at a nev; and rathor extensive book which absoarbs all my tiiae, and v;hlch must be con- plfefted nt a very noar dnte« Undor those circuristancoa I feel thnt I cannot Interrupt my work^ and that I shall have to refuse myself the pleanure, rnuch oa I \;ould hnve enjoyed it^ of boinf: your ßUGSt# I am sure yoy will understand the Situation and excuse ne.
.
I am, Dear Sirj,
very sincerely yours
i
Leopold Sohv«rzschild
W 0 R
l)|J|0 Broadway New York, N.Y, January 10, 19^9
Immigration and Naturallaation Service
107 vVest 62 Street
New ^ork, N.Y. - ,
Office of Mr. Caasidy
Refer to your filo numbera A -
A -
*
Dear Sin
I wlsh respectfully to subniit ;5onc obacrviitiona conccrnlnr the appllcant for naturalization^ Leopold SchTrarzßchild, of 223 Käst 5>7 Street^ N#Y«C«
I have knowii i^r* i^chwarzachi of the International l<ews So publicatlons, the weekly. Da Montag I-lorßen« ^avlng been wlt|^ wltli wlüch he propounde to profit by hls inmense eru live news, I Mave for more t: has written^ and am complete days of the Weimar Republic for hls oplnions wore based with ray own loathing of both
Id since 1927 whon I was Chief Coi^respondent rvice in Berlin. I knew bim and hls c Ta^yebuch, the I-Iagazln der Wirtschaft and early attracted by the vigor^ skill and d the democratlc point of vlew and wishing dition and contact with the aources of han twenty five years read everything he ly acquaihted with h.is viewa from the first until today. Ky admiration and sympathy upon the f act that tiiey colncided Identically communiam and nazism«
Schwarzschild' s weekly, Da^ Tagebuch, was for many years the outatandlng pol.tical weekly of Europe« It was renowned for its uncompromising hostllity to both klnds of tctalitariani jm, and was equally hated and fearod by Dia Rote Pahne and the Voelkiache Beobachter^ by Ernst Thaelmann and Dr« Cioebbels* Schwarr.schild became celebrated as the Chief proponent in Germany of friendship with the Victor pov/ers, the United Status, Great ßritain and France, sacrificed a great deal of easy popularity by advocatin^^^ füll payinont by Jermany of the reparations, and arguing that Gerrnany not only sliould pay bat could pay« The Oerman Coxnmunist as well as nationalist point of view in thoso days was that Garmany ahould not, and could not pay reparations, and that the United Statea, Brltain and France wer© pernanent enemies, and any Gorman wlio advocated friendship with thom was a traitor»
Amoni:; all the famous anti-Naxls, Schwarzschild Stands out as the one Gennan who warned from the very first, long before the advent of iiitler, againat the equally meriacing and lethal power and poiaon of communiam«
I have tfpu^it twenty fivo years as foreign correspondont in all tho
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countrios of Europe* I have been a llfelong opponont of coimminlöm^ and studlod It long before my natlve l>nlted States had become aware of It as a lifo and doath problem. My objectlve Judgeinent Is that Leopold Schwarzschild has donc more to expoaö effectively the natura and alxtis, the methods and consequoncos of Communlam, and of the Sovlet ßovernmeati than any other aliigle Indivldual I know in the world, unless it la Winiton Churchill* Like Churchill, Mr. Schwarzschild is no belated convert to democracy* lAiring t he early days of tne Bolahevik revolution, and d>.rlng the infancy of the Wei nar Republic when it was . populär to aympathize with Lenin, ^r. Schwarzschild, like Churchill, ruthlessly stripped the Bolshevik revolutlon of its glamour and revealed it for the lethal msnace that it is. ilost of the rent of the world needed thirty years to arrlve at the analyais Schwarzschild made at the very beir^inning* incldentally, the views of Schwarzschild and Churchill are so nearly alike and tiave been for so long a time that Mr» Churchill has frequently complimontod Schwarzschild aa the wiseat and most valuable Journalist the Euro ean contincnt has produced in our time«
If for no other roason, SchY/arztchild oU':ht to be bonored by our ßeneration for hia incomparable blor>raphy of Karl Marx, "Tho Red Pruasian, " publiahcd by Scribner's, 1S'T|7* ^^^re Schwarz?tchild analyzes more ably than has ever boen done by miy other blocrapher o£ I^larx, th» charactor and porsonality, the philosophy and bohavior of Marx, and Identifies }iim as the autlior of the mo^t ^owerful forces of ovil evor to threaten ):uinanity* This book is in tho nature oi* a cro^vn on the lifetimo \^orl: of Gchwcrssctiild to ox])oöc t\e Menace of l^larxism, and as such it has earried him a frcö>i oharo of tho undyinc emiiity of the Comniuniats* Uis book, "VJorld in Trance** was call od by Winston Churchill the Vvijry best analysis of the events loaainß up to World War l'wo. His book "Primor of t:iü Coming World^ wac the vory first book published on the Allied side to warn of t^io wole Rucsia wculd play after the war#
In this ora when, as I am convinccd, (with JaT.iCs Burnliam) that the forces of free men, representod by tne United States, are en/^aged in a life and death struggle for tho world with the forces of evil represented by the slave stato of Joseph Stalin, it st^ems to le that tho ünitod Stutes is sxtraordinarily fortunate in havlng the Chance to acquire Laipold Schwarzachild as a fellow Citizen. I can think of no other conceivnble applicant wnoso usofuljiess to t liis country could be 30 great« If obere is any Influence or breath of influence at work to prevent us froin obtainlng nls aerviceG as a fellow Citizen, it can only come froin the only source which could profit by his exclusionj- Moscow. Schwarzschild not only is today but all his life has been one of the most affective Opponent s of conuminism in the world, and it is entirely possible that t :e Communists may }iave found a way to try to damage Kim, I «take my personal, political and professional reputation for his loyalty#
I would welcome tho opportunity to enlarge personally to the intorested authority, upon the character, lifowork, and political orientation of Leopold Schwarzschild.
Very aincerely yours.
f
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H.R. KNICKERBOCKER, Radio News Commentator i /
ll.l.A y-
WAO
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32-
K«<
SIMPSON THACHER S BARTLETT
I20 BROADWAY
NEW YORK 5, N.Y.
l^-\''''
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ALB EE BUILDIN G WASHINGTON 5.D.C.
October 9, 1947
Mr« Leopold üchwarzschild, 225 East 57th dtreet, New York 22, N. Y.
Dear Mr. Schwarzschild:
Permit me to introduce myself as, in additlon to being a lawyer practicing in New York City, a member of the house of Representatives representing the 6th Congressional District of New Jersey, where I live.
Within a few weeks — a very few, I hope — Congress will have to begin deciding the most difficult questions it has faced for many years. We all need all the help we can get in making those decisions.
Your "World in Trance" and ''Primer" have done more to clarify my thinking on the subjects with which they dealt than anything eise l have read for meiny years • I am convinced that your views on the problems immediately before us would be similarly helpful. I should be grateful indeed if you would be willing to discuss them with me.
Mr. Leopold Schwarzschild
-2-
October 9, 1947
Under ordinary circumstances I should hesitate to indulge in what I could very well understand your regarding as an intrusion upon your privacy, but these are not ordinary times and I know you will understand and forgive my direct approach. I hope that you will be willing to see me and, if so, would appreciate your dropping me a note addressed to me at this Office or phoning me here, Rector 2-0500.
iours sincerely
P. S*
I am sending a copy of this letter to you in care of Harper i<c Brothers against the possibility that the address given above is not your correct address»
C. P.ü.
Book-of-the-MonlK Club
3g5 Mtdi/xmahrnm, N e w Yo rk 17, N.Y.
DORÜTH Y CANFIELD . CHRISTOPHER MÜRLEY . CLIFTON FADIM AN . JOHN P. MARQUAND .HENRY SEIDEL CANBY, Chairman
May 21, 19U7
Mr« Leopold Sclr/varzschild Charles Scribner's Sons 597 Fif th Avenue New York 17, New York
Dear ^Iv. Schwarz schild:
You may be interested in the revicw of your book in the current issue of the Book-of-the-Month Club News.
If you care for additional copies for any purpose, I shall be ^lad to for- ward them.
Sincerely yours,
JC:BK Enc
Jeannette Connolly
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EMBER 12, 1947
t\ll Billion Books Printed by Soviets
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873,000 Separate Titles Put Out in 30 Years
Front the Herald Tribüne Bureau Copyright. 1947. New York HerUd Tribüne Ine
MOSCOW, Nov. 11.— Duringthe thirty years since the Soviet State was established some 11,000,000- 000 copies of 873.000 different books have been published in this country, it was announced today They were printed in 119 lan- guages, most of them languages of the Soviet Union.
There were 12.571 editions of the works of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Prime Minister Stalin, totaling 721.000,000 copies In 101 lan- j|guages. The Lenin and Stalin works alone reached 682,000,000 copies.
Mr. Stalin's ''Short History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union." which is used as a basic textbook in this country, was pub- lished in sixty-two languages. The number of copies is 33,148.000.
The 1947 Publishing plan called for 430.000,000 copies of 23,000 works of fiction and political and economic literature. The average edition of a work of fiction or a political book is between 50,000 and 100,000 copies.
^^^^^^^^^mm?^m^m
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READERS DIGEST
MAX EASTMAN« Roving EditoT
CHILMARK« MASSACHUSETTS
July 9, 1947
Dear Knick:
I did my best for you on that Marx book, which I also admire very mucht I took the propoaal stralght to Mr» Wallace, but hls answer was that he would rather glve that itiuch space to the präsent actl- vitlos of the coimirunists than to the past history of their ideas* I*ra sorry«
«
I am glad you have found a house, and I hope you will let me come and see it sorae time» I thought it was a very lucky Chance that brought us together on the Skyline Drive •
My best wishes to you and Agnes -
CLA
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[eu^A^^
'^^» ••*>•-
November, 29, ^7*
Mr# Ma:x Eastrwn o#Ot Reeders Dlreet PleßsantvAlle, lUY,
Dear Mr.Eastnanj
1
I Icnov/ frori Knicicerbocicer that you have seen and llked my Marx biopraphy# Thls encouraßes ne to make a Suggestion*
-i
One of these days I read in the nev/sDepors that 720 million copies of the works of St.Uarx^ SttLenin - and St.Stalln are now dlasemlnated in Russia and, of cour- se, are used as ••besic textbooks'^t Now, I havo lötely studied the v,?hole codex of the three saints as far as the subject of v/er Is concerned, an^^ It Is appallinf^t I dld -^ not know mysolf, and even you,propably do not know, hov/ ! consistently, frankly and coarn'^dy tho three of then v/ere ••mon^erlnr war'** Said Lenin: ^The Marxlsts were alwaya In a Position to rnake proparanda onom^ the neoples in favor of wars, to fan national hatred In the irianner of ' Warx In IBlß^ .
I v/ould llke to preaenfc thls codex in the Readers Dlfrest, plvlnr the floor alnost exclualvoly to the three p'odheads, vidt to authentic quotötions, v/elded tof^ether with no more than the indispensable coixientt I think that will be tlr,ely qulte interestinp*
What rio you think of the idea?
Very sincerely yours
^-i'
Leopold Schwarzschild
)
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^READERS DIGEST
^
MAX EASTMAN • Roving EdltOT H WEST 18TH STREBT • NEW YORK 11, N.Y.
Deceiriber 6, 1947
Dear Mr# Schwär zschlld:
I was delighted to recelve your letter because I want to talk to jou. A new movement to get the substance *of yoiir Red Pmisalan into The Reader's Digest has had better success than my original one« Mr^ Wallace now wants me to write a long article giving the substance of it, Instead of a "conden- sation," which he thinks there is not room for#
Could we have a talk about this, and at the same time about the other proposal in your letter^ My telephone is Gramercy 7-6813, and if you will call me up, I will be glad to meet you or come to see you anywhere you say#
My admiration for yooir book increases the more
I study it#
Yours sincerely^
/Uoi^
^CUi^T^^^
m-^^
^itj^
/.
READERS DIGEST
MAX EASTMAN • Roving Editor
8 WIST ISTH STREBT • NEW YORK 11, N.T.
April 1, 1948
Dear LIr« Schwär zschild:
Here is a inemo that one of lAr« Wallace^s senior edltors handed up to hin» We all think that what he says in the second paragraph is pretty wise, and I wonder if, provlded they decide to use the condensation (or paraplirase^ if that is more accurate), you would cooperate v/ith me in amending it a llttle in the direction indicated#
The question is still in suspense, as you see, as to whether they v;ill use it, but I have good hopes on the basis of this memorandiim«
Yours ever^
fjudA^
w »
\-^(läA^ hjdt-uMA^
j
Ralph:
I don't thlnk It is a question of thls belng usable, for I believe Wally would say It was. It seems to be a pretty good cut, but I am not happy about it and puzzled to Imow why» I think part of it may be that the narrative is stripped dovm to such a bleak extent all the vmy through. Perhaps it would help if some of the Incidents v/ere built up and others cut down to a mere mention so there would be some narrative ease and flexibllity Instead of a relentless series of dramatic situations, each related in breathless superlatlves.
Also, as in "He Could Take It," the story of Lincoln the falltu?e (who was nevertheless prominent enough to be elected President) whlch we used to the horror of historians in our Jan. 1939 issue, I suspect some distortion of emphasis and interpretation. The demolition Job is a little too thorough. After all a man whose evil genius has cast an increasing pall over two centxiries raust have had something. And he will still emerge Just as vlndictlve, dishonest, etc., if we acknowledge it«
MTR
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NEW PLACE FARM
FRAMFIELD
SUSSEX
V Telephone : FRAMFIELD 349
Leopold Swartzchild, Esq, Dear Mr, Gwartzcliild,
22nd April, 1948
I have just read your l)oo^<: TUE RED PRUSSIA.i. I had heard that ivlarx^s letters to 'Engels were of real interest and this you have certainly shov/n to te true.
I hope that a very great nui.iber of people will read the bock and they will appreciate the utter fallacy of ...arx's so-called economic theory and they will also realise there was nothin^?; Philanthropie - there is not even a .p-ood Intention - behind Coimmmisia, hov/ever f ar baclc one cares to trace it. . The extraordinary thing is that althoup-h every Single one of Karl idarx's theories has "been, or can be proved to be founded on thin air, yet the force of Goimnunism has manap-ed to spread as it has. Karl ._^Iarx always wanted war and I would be very interested to know if you thin]<: tliat either of the two major recent wars were due to secret Comrriunist scheminR m the background.
It is öome tiiae aro since POR A GOIvIINCt /ORLD. This too impressed me ver?r much.
T read your book PRIivIER was a book that
V/ith inj/ thanlcs.
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John Gri 8.^:^3 Forleg ' Ber<^en Norv^ay
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Souo doys .ir;o 1 rocolved yoiu^ edition of »»The Re-^ Prus:^ian^* Pleane ßcnopt my conf^rntulo öions f or __ the f^ood Job you heve done. ünf ortun?^ tely I em not f^\}\^ to Judf^e the trrinr.lators work; typCj-^raphicfilly, at nny rote^ your print aurposses by far tha habitiicl Anerionn t) er forna nee«
If you could teil me^ occösionellyp how the press and the r^ubllc heve r acted^ I v/ould be rauch ob lifo d to you#
The real purpose of this letter Is, howevor, embodied in the menuscrlpt I aiQ ettachinp to it« I Y^^f". no idea which maP'nzine in Nonvcy could publish thls pleco, bat slnce I have It^n pubilcatlon parti- ' culprly at h'^prt I thou^-^ht that you rifrnt be kind
"I enoup:h to forward It to an appropriate editor, You
ralp^ht oven connider Its puMlcntion as a kind of ^ inr-irect Publicity for xihe book* 1 hope, ät all events^ not to bother you too mach, f^r\^ th^nk you in advance for air.iability. And if I can do anythinp for you over her, I v;iii ^ladly br, at your d Isposo 1*
— i
As for detail^: !•) tlie pioce v.ill be pub- lished over here and certainly in nor^e otlier lluro*
^piHXi countries# ?•) I heive no idca what feen aro cu- stomarily paid in Korv/ay* but would expect soraethinp — in the order of $50*- 3*) I have no oblcctions apairu^t whr»tever cuts or condensations necessltated by lack ____ of ST^ace, and not gffeotinf^ the oenae of the piece« U.\ If the editor v/ants to print the foot-notes, so muoh the botter; but that 's up to him, I do not insist#
. 5#) If he wants to change the title^ that too is ^ _
sllriPiht with n:e#
With my relterated tharxks, I am, Sir,
very ^incerely yours
would
Prof .Harry D^Gideonse Brooklyn Collepe Brooklyn
April 30,1949
Dear Professor Gideonse:
Many years ago 1 had the pri- vilepe of beinr received by you, and in the i'eanvv^hile you may have seen or heard somethin^ of my books, par- ticularly of my recent Warx-biopiraphy ^The R d Prussian^'* ThiSj I hope,will help to ettract your attention to the idea i am going to talk of.
In my opinion — and opinion is nn understntement — more,and more injportant thin^rs about > arxian and post-ivarxian l/^arxism are unknovm than are known. Jeductions are the usual method of brinfann to to lif^ht the true meaninfr and consequences of their notions, aiins,and practices/ imt mach morc robust evidence is existing* The sources are frauf^ht v/ith an enornioas maos of raost authentic b6?hind-the-3cene-iriateriGl — consisting of confidentiel letters, corjments,oontro- V0rsies,activities, and elucidating qulte conclusively al:.ost every Ideolof^ical and political aspect of the matter — but this material has remained buried tili today. It has never boen dup; out, and used. /^nd thet is not even so surprisinf^; as it seeins to be. Ninety percent of the relevant literature hes be<^^n v/ritten by Marxists which in itself explains a frood :eal# And in countries liko the ü.S.A., moroover, practically all critics had to deDend ontranslatlons, and the most revealin^ sources have never beea translated.
It is my desire to unfold this naterial in a number of lectures at places vhere it sorve some purposc; in univorsities and Colleges, for instance. -nd Brooklyn Celle e came to my inind« If you yhink th^ idea v/orthv/hile and feasiblo, 1 would like to tnlk it over v;ith you, and v/ould bo ^lad,and feel honored if you accordcd me an interviev/, no matter whea where.
Thank you in ac;vance#
Yours very sincerely
LeoDOld ochv.'^rzschi d
DR. EUGENE GUERSTER
323 S. CEDAR LANE
HIGHLAND PARK. UPPER DARBY, PA.
H^^rrn I,^nnr»ld Scbwarzschild Nf^w York
cipn Vi . Aiifnist ir)47
Sehr cTAPhTter H^tt S'^^warZv^^nViiTri »
//
D1 ^ H'=*ran8c^^»bpr f^^y* Mon^ tssr^H-ri ff. " ThoiiP'ht/ Fordh«m ünlversity ^ bfib^n mir Jhr B'ich " Thp vf^^ Pnipsian " zug^^h^n lass'^'n. Di»" L-ktiipr*^ di'^sps &ir»h<^p hat mir pinpn Ftark^n F'»nrlr'ink ^intpr- Ifiss^n, Jch p'Iaiibpy dasp ^s hopchsto Z*^it war« dass ^in so cnit dokum^n- tiertes &ioh neber Marx ersißhien, Jch bin erstaunt, wi^» venig dip Kri- tik dpr p-pTstigpn Bedeutung dipses Buches crer^cht o^ewordpn ist. Vor allpm der man<^hmal gphnprte Vorwurf, d«ss Si^ ^"^-t c^pistiiTAn Rpd-ntunP"
'^ Marx^s ^ nirht gerpcht geword^^n sind, schpint mir durchaus iinbep^ruen-
% dpt, Natup"r]ir»h h«bp lob in m^^lriPT Besn-r^r'hunc' in " Thouf^ht " d;^s Meine
versucht« um <^dn^n Begriff von Jhrem aus<?pzeichneten und verr^IHstvollen
Werk zu g ben.
Jch habe vor eini^^fn Monr.t^n ^1:: B^ich 7xa' L'-i.i^chtn y'i<^L herausgebracht, an dessen englischer üebersetzung ich geraae firb ite • ' Vielleicht interepsi'^T^t Sie d^^r belliogf^nde Prospekt, Fs wuerdp mi^h Jhre Mpinuncr i^-ito-rospio-rop, w^nn 81»^ cK^^i^iyc>r\\j\\o\\ '^yyT Hhp RunVi p,f,osR^n -^
sollten: dip rnoistpn R^bliothekpn h^b^n ps j'^tzt, '
Jn unf ri fhti cror !^or+ S(?V»;^r>f 7nn<^
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SeptonbePi 15t ^7»
Herrn Ur# >^ur^on Guorotor
323 S, Cednr 3tv.
llirhlr.nd Park^ Upper Derby,
Sehr p^eohrter Dr. T/uorgtor:
Ben ton Da nie fuer Iliron Brief, der nich nach moinor Huockk^h:!' von einc^n lnn.^c,n La ndc-uf enthalt erreichte, I-^h freue rrich sehr^ vipsn nein liucli ucbcr IIvtt: eine frutc Aufnr^^mio boi Ihnen f;^crrundon hnt und es vmordo mich nehr lnteronnipi'«-n, zn leseni \mt: oio daruobcr (;:o- 8 hricben hnben, loh veisn nicjjti v/o ich ein r^xomplnr von "Thou^^hf hier bf>konr:en koennto.
Ich rlnubo, wiie haben rocht, dncn ein Teil dor l^ri- tlk zif.rilioh t >cricl:t v/pr; Ot^or bej^jrjer, der Tlev Yorker Kritik* 'Vns ^vollen Sie? Dns v;nr ia TIov; York zu orvnrlcii. Kin zu rr sc? er Tcnl cl^r ITcv^ Vorker Litf roriscl-on Foiitlk-- lisvik rehoort < iufncii zuri f?n crcn ;.e( cr#
V^enn ich zun ernten Mol v/iedor in die Bibliothek hier pehe, v;i^-d Thr Buch zn dejien f'-ehoereni dio -uf r.:ei- ner Liste stehen und \:enn Gio Wert dorouf leren, co v/erde ich Ihnen ueher c^-^n ^inr'vuok icri^htent Ar b nten v^ore es, \:enn Sic oin\nl nach !Tev; York kccncn unc' nich rnrufcn \7un2?(ien.
Ich rru(^nre Sic cmfriohtif- Ihr
Leopold Schv/nrzöcliild
(
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NYGArDSGT. 2a TELEFON: 18234
TELEG R A M M ER: „STENOSPEED-
LiEREB0KER I MODERNE STENOGRAFI - STENOSPEED BLOKKER • SKRIVEB0KER
Sehr geehrter Herr Schwarz üchild!
Als Beilage sende ich Ihnen eine Aufstellung über den Verkauf der norweg. Ausgabe "des Roten Ireussers", eine Kopie geht Frank-Bornstein zu. V/ie Sie sehen, geht der Absatz nicht so gut, v/ie man erv/arten konnte. Dies kommt in erster Linie daher, öass der Büchermarkt zu V/eihnachten nahezu über- schwemmt v/ar, zweitens meiner L!einung nach das grosse Publikum, das mit der norweg. Sozialdemokratie stimmt, Marx gegenüber sich etv/as indifferent verhftlt. Der Verlag wird in nächster Zeit eine neue Reklame-IZami^agne für Ilir Buch unternehmen.
In der Zwischenzeit habe ich mich bemüht, Abnehmer für Ihren Artikel (2y-b Trinkgeld) zu finden, was mir erst jetzt gelungen ist, v/obei ich fürchte, dass Sie mit demi ersielten Honorar wenig zufrieden sein v/erden. Der höchste Preis, der von norwegischen Zeitschriften bezahlt wird, ist Norw. Ivr.20.- per Druckseite, d.h. ^ 4#-* Der einige Trost dabei ist, dass es sich um Norwegens und man kann wohl sagen Skandinaviens, meist repräsentative Zeitschrift für Geistesleben handelt, das '«SPEKTRULI". Die Veröffentlichung Ihrer Artikel wird sicher einen günstigen Einfluss auf den Umsatz Ihrer Bücher haben, und darum bitte ich Sie, mir Kopien von anderen Ilirer Artikel zu über- lassen, entweder auf Deutsch oder Englisch. Eine grössere Auswahl von Artikeln macht den Verkauf auch leichter. Bitte geben Sie mir auch auf, in welclien ausländischen Zeitschriften Ihre Ar- tikel veröffentlich v/erden#
Ich freue mich auf eine Antwort von Ihnen und bin
mit den besten Griissen
Ihr
C(, l4--^^^tL^^
t
nygArdsgt. 2a
TELEFON: 18234
TELEGRAMMER:
..STENOSPEED"
Li€REB0KER I MODERNE STEN0GRAF1 • STENOSPEED BLOKKER - SKRIVEB0KER
Aufstellung über den Verkauf des "Red Prussian"
in Tlorwe^en (Verlag: John G-rieg's Forlag)
Grarantisunune Verkauf 338 Ex. N.Kr. 4.658.64
a N.Kr. 13.78 7.5/^^ Honorar
Es bleiben danuach, bevor v/eiteres Honorar fällig ist,
N. Kr. 1.246.47
N n
349.40
N. Kr. 897.07
(Norw. Kr. 4.97 = U.S. ^ l)
yC
WhiC
'fuu.Jc^ %0\/^i\<^'
1
March 31| 46«
(
Book 8r. Film Export Ltd* Mr* Joen Hftnllton Iß. Oaktree Avenue Palmr-rs Oreen London N* 13 •
Dear 31r:
In reply to your letter of Mnrffh 25» please be advlsert thnt my forthconinr: book ^The Red Prusslan»^ v;ill not be publinhed hofore thls autumn* Ilowever, if you oare to let ne have your off er for publi- ca tlon In Kolland, I shall be ßlad to pive it due conslderatlont
Youra sineeeefty
Leopold Schwarzschild
( >
HM
TEIXPHONE: MUSEUM 0828 iTwotlNES). TELEGRAMS: UAMISHÄMWESKENT. LONDON. CABIES HAMISHAM. LONDON.
Leopold Schv/ar:; Schild, E-^q., 22^;, Säst 'J7th iitrest, ITS'^I YOm: CITY, U»S .A«
Hamish Hamilton Ltd.,
90, Gieat Russell Street, London. "W. C. 1.
iiu^'ust 9. 194-6.
Dear I.^r. Scliwarr^scliild,
Your friend duly delivared tue first 12 chapters Ol" TliZ I^D HiUJJLU: a:iü './3 have read uliem vvith ,Teat enioynieiit and adLiiration, and are loolcin^; forv/ard eo^^rly to seein^: the rej.iainiA_- chapters, and are quite confident that the book will "oe a success here .
I an afraid, hov/ever, that the trcnslator havS not done you justice, '..-hich is ..sj^ticularly re^-rettable in vie\; of the fact that ocribners and ourselves are payin: such a hi.h fee. You may reiaeniber that I drev; attention to a nui.iber of si.iall points v/hen you showed ne a couple of speciraen chapte/s last year-. I have nov; sent a list of further criticisms to ^..r. Perkins of ^cribners' in the hope timt it v/ill reach him in tiine for alterations to be made. I have also asked him to be ^-ood enou,. h to supply us as soon as possible \;ith a duuiicate set of finally corrected proofs, as manufacture in" tili s country talces loni;er than ever, particularly v/here a len^'thy book is concemed. In two recent cases it haß taken us 8 and lü months respectively to produce our books, and this is the averace tirae taken by other publishers, so that '.;e ai-e naturally an;-:ious to start raanufactui'in,^* without uela.y.
I am e::tr3mely corry to hear that ill-health has been the cause of the delav in coinpletinv; tlie nauuscript
DIRECTORS:- HAMISH HAMILTON (Managing Director}. D.W. BROGAN,
/over
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and hor)e that vou are feelin^- better nov;. Ly collea^'ue hero, dor-er Lachen, will be in L'ev/ York in öeotember, and I hope that you will i.iaJce his acouamtance.
V/ith kind ref;ards, ;
• •
inVJic
Youi's sincerely,
^^i^wv- A vTtc^uv^— ^ '•"
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TELEPHONE. MUSEUM 08Ä 8. TELECJRAMS- HAMISHAM,'WESTT;ENT, LONDON. CABLES: HAMlSHAM, LONDON.
Hamish Hamilton Ltd.,
90,Great Russell Street, London. W:C. i.
23 rd August 1946
Leopold 3chv/arzchild, Ssq., 225, 3ast 57th Street, New York.
Dear Mr. Sclr.varzchild,
My associate Roger Machell will be arriving in New York next month and I have asked him to teleplione you. I very mach hope that it will be possible to arranf::e a meeting.
Kind rerards,
Yours sincerely,
i
DIRECTORS-HAMISH HAMILTON ('Manag/ng O/rector;, D.W. BROGAN,
i
1
Leopold 3chv;arzschild
Beaverlakehouse
Krumvllle
Ulster County
N.T.
Aurust^ 31t 46» i
Hamish Ilanilton, Publishlnf? House 90 Oreat Russell 3tr» London W#C,1,
Dear Mister Hamilton:
Your letter of Aupiust 23. reached rr\e here in the mountr^ins where I am tryinr ot recoyer. I think I shall return to Nev; York towards the niddle of September and I shall he f^lad to rneet Mr# Rorer Wachell et thpt tiTiB*
I trust the second part of the rna- nuscript has arrived in the neanv^hile*
As to the translation you hnve pro- bably revoived a letter of Hr* Perkins or you will ro- coive it. I feel r little helpless iii the rniddle of the difference of opinion existinr between you and Scrib- ners, for the latter continues to assure that the trans- lation is not only f^ood but nearly a mnsterpeace. In any cese the question of Ainericanisms will bo solved, I am confident between you and !lr. Perkins in conjunc- tion«
I an very truly yours
Leopold Schwarzschild
1
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Vt. Hm-;ish Hamilton
90 Crrept Rusnellstr. . ^
Lon^'.on W.Otl«
Enpl^nd
Depr i^r# Ilanllton:
Thnnk you for your letter of Dec, 3.
I newer pronlsed ßnythlnr to pny apent or publlshlnr housa in Italy or anyEuropeRn country with r^^spect to Red Frussien, In fnct I do not evQn knov the nane Krlch Linder, Thus, this metter hos no RUbfltance of any kind.
But nentionlnp- Italy, I v/ant to ia- form you thnt I nevor he^^rd a sylal:)le from Nuova An- tolopia and I'r. Gas teil Ino. I never pot n copy of the transl^tion, nevar an infornatlon aboiit the »öceptlon by the Itelinn public, ncver eny nonay nor anythinr eine If this publichin." houae ia no nuch intorosted in the Red PruSvSlMn, I ohink it should prove to nc in r.oine way or another it*9 exlatence,
Very truly youra
Leopold Schwär 230 hild
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BEAVER LAKE HOUSE
Ullmannf Proprietor
■P-Pi-
TELEPHONE SHOKAN 582
KRUMVILLE
'\ Jä.kI - ■ .■ Jf J . .-'_.-v.^rA.-^'> \tß
ULSTER COUNTY, N. Y.
"w-W" 4-X,VJ¥^
*ir«i»«ir:.*?r4*«-*./Hwji V. — *i • .•*■.■ 'iM« "* '- r - ' ». ■; / s '
^'..^■gjw>^ .*. ■ '■ ■• ■Vi'.': T-.
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Leopold och^arzöüiild Boav*^. Icixe House
olster Cou.ty
April, :L;8,47*
Eafi^lsh Ra.alltoM
iK) Great Rusaoii 8tr.
Loxidon W^C.l*
Eng land
Dear rlr* Ha..lltun:
S^r» PerkiiiS liSormea you cor. octiy. Even in the hospital I diri not i,:iprove for .-a^y ?ieeKs* mt thea soL,e^ tiil:i^ Hm.*^. a iLiracle hä^^ueaeu* A nev« kiad of treat-.ient proved to be successfuJL to such a <.^cegrct; thrjt vTlthin tv.clve clays I was compioteljr free of all thu trouoi^s ^hlch havc pla^jued me for tvelve aonths. Abd ao« I aa 1 -i thi: coinitry 7t4it?üa to forg^t the last Äo.jorifcS uf th<x afofüatrtivi niriht* .ar»i»
Hers 1 «r^Qt ovi^r thü flrst copy of ta^^ ned Prassian and discovireo a n\Ha^or of nils^^rlnts ai.d error s» Vhile they CÄiUiot b« coriecttad anytaort: iii Scrlbaer^s fix* st ^rlnt, I priisauc that th^- llst I aa attaching to this lett^r d oes not couj' to lato fwr yours» The yagh luu^t^rs etc. ix. th llst re- fer to th Scribncr edltion, ai>d th^t pvroTs Scrlbner sent yuu cor"*rspüad, as to pa>iii*ätion, t:> their final pri/it* If not, pl^jase cafcle me and I shall enter th«> corrt-ctlons in a copy of th€ book lt. seif a,.a *uail iw to yju«
I taKc frou your iettor ti^at your publica tion dato vill bc: sorccvvhen ir. thr^ Fall, 1 asi also taXing notlce of thc: ro^ittanc^ of the 7öJ/ Doj^ihViS you aHi.ounced»
iVlth Lost re^azds
siiicere ly youi*s
I#e'Opold SehwarÄSchild
March, 12, ^7.
\
Mr. Hnmish Homllton 90 Oreat Russell Str. London W.C.l. England
Deor Vr, Homilton:
I am p;lßd to teil you thnt the publi- cfitlon of the "Red Prusalan" has been dofinltely scho- dul°d for l^ny. I vrould aufaßest thot you obtein nn eer- Iv copy fron 3cribncr»s as the prlnted book v,lll show aevoral correctiona not contnlned in the la^muscript you hnvc In hand; moreovor a ahort Preface haa beon added«
I asnurae you will bo good enour:h to let me have your remittance in the ainount of % 750,- to covor the coat of the translatlon in accordance v/lth our apreenent.
Please let me knov; ar. soon as you have deceded on the publice tion dete in ^;np:land.
I am with kind repiards
yours feithfully
/
• ./•
^
Leopold Sohv;arzschild
3
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Ifaroh, 18. ^6t
■r# Hanlsh HanllÄon Hotel Commodore New York
Dear Wr# Hamilton:
I found, in fact, two forma of your egreement and have edded the clause about the translation» The tv/o coples are nov; identlcal and I have slf^ned them and you have only to fill in the date and oountersign them
I hope that thls third marriage apree- nent will turn out even more satiafactory and happy than the precedinfT ones»
I trust it will be 8till possible for you to find an eveninp; where you, both of you could have dinner with us# Pleaso give me a rinß and teil me which day v/ould suit you#
I am very sincerely yours
'i
o
Leopold Schwarzschild
Harpeä b" Brothers
:N'EW^ YORK i%.NO LONDON
49 KÄST a3D STREET
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HAMILTON BO O K S
Spring & Summer List, 1946
[_>»«. •_«L_J.*,.
I
HAMISH HAMILTON BOOKS
General
MONTGOMERY ByÄLAN Moor ehe ad
A biography of Field Marshai Lord Montgomery, by the author of Afr/can Trilogy and Eclipse, vvho has been closer to the Field Marshai ihroughout his campaigns than any other war correspondent, and knows him well.
lllustrateä, \2s. 6d. net
THEREDPRUSSIAN
By Leopold Schwarzschild
A biography of Karl Marx and a study of his infliience on the political thought of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, by the author of World in Trance and Primer of the Coming World. 15j. net
THE YEAR OF STALINGRAD
By Alexander Wer eh
The author of Moscow 41 and Leningrad has now told the epic story of Stalingrad and the turn of the tide in the Russian struggle, in a book which is not a report but an historical document. 15j. net
FRENCH PERSONALITIES AND PROBLEMS
ByD.W.BROGAN
Professor Brogan has shown in The Development of Modern France that his understanding of French history and politics is as great as the knowledge of America displayed in The American Problem. His ncw voluine is as perspicacioüs and witty as his previous books. lOi. Gä. ntt
9
ALEXANDER WOOLLCOTT
By Samuel Hopkins Adams
A biography of one of the best known and most controversial figures of modern America. Woollcott's interests ranged over literature, the drama, criminology, travel and deserving causes and his friendships were as varied as his interests.
lllnstrated. 12j. 6ä. net
MEANDMINE ByjACKjoNES
This further instalment of the Welsh novelist-playwright's autobiography, which he began in Unfinished Journey, teils the story of his life between 1936 and 1945. It contains moving pictures of life in the Rhondda Valley in peace and in war and describes journeys to the U.S.A. and Italy.
15/. net
THE LIFE OF THE HEART By Frances Winwak This fascinating study of George Sand and her tiraes not only paints a vivid Portrait of one of the most romantic women in French history but also introduces such figures as Sainte-Beuvc, Alfred de Musset, Chopin, Balzac and Flaubert.
lllustrated. 12/. 6d. net.
ROARINGCENTURY (1846-1946)
By R. J. Cruikshank
Mr. Cruikshank set out to write an article on the centenary of the Daily News, founded, with Charles Dickens as editor, in 1846. He intended to contrast the World of 1846 with that of 1946, but he became so fascinated by his task that instead he wrote a history of a hundred years which are without parallel in the affairs of mankind. . lllustrated. 12/. 6d. net
EUROPEAN WITNESS By Stephen Spender
Mr. Spender was sent to Germany during the autumn of 1945 by P.I.D. His diary is as sensitive and thoughtful a record of conditions in Germany to-day as one would expect from a poet of Mr. Spender's reputation. 10/. 6d. net
TWO PLAYS By Jean-Paul Sartre
This voIume contains the two best-known plays of the most influential young writer in France to-day— H//// Clos {Secret Session) and Les Mouches (The Flies) — translated by S T u a R t G i L B E R t . Ss, net
THE WINSLOW BOY By Terence Rattigan
This moving play, based on one of the most discussed cases of this Century, will be produced in London during the Spring.. , 5/. net
Reprints
THE ARAB AWAKENINGBy GeorgeAntonius
An indispensable key to the understanding of the Palestine question. " It demands the earnest attention of every intelligent Citizen. Mr. Antonius sets forth the whole Arab case with moderation and clarity." — Sunday Times.
12/. Gd. net
By Hesketh Pearson
L A B B Y
The life of Henry Labouchere, the " comic conscience " of the Victorian Age. "Exactly right in length, shape and tone. A book to keep."— SIR JOHN SQUIRE {Daily Telegraph). "A faithful fascinating portrait of Labby as he was."— r/;^ Times. lO/. 6d. net
THE LIFE OF WILLIAM HAZLITT
By P. P. HowE This definitive biography of Hazlitt, the fruit of many years of study, has provided material for other works on the same subject — but has never been surpassed. Mr. Frank Swinnerton has contributed a long introduction in which he writes of Howe as well as of Hazlitt. The book is beautifully printed by The Curwen Press and contains s\x illustrations. 15/. net
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Fiction
THE BLUE DANUBE ßy Ludwig Bemelmans
The setting of this novel by the author of Notv I Lay Me Dowu to Sleep, Hotel Splendide, etc., is Regensburg during the Nazi regime. In it Bemelmans mingles pathos and humour in his inimitable manner, and he adds his own characteristic illustrations. gj. qi ^^^t
THE PILGRIM HAWK By Glenway Wescott
Mr. Wescott has achieved a high reputation in this country with his Household in Athens. This earher short novel \^ a moving powcrful story, set in a quiet suburb of Paris. Wescott employs the lore of the falconer as he portrays the Tiost complex human emotions and brings his drama to its climax. 5j. net
BETWEENTHETWILIGHTS
ByDoROTHvCHARQUES With this novel, which is complete in itself, Mrs. Charques concludes the trilog)' begun with Time's Harvest and continued in The Returnmg Heart. Between the Twilights teils the story of the children of Edward and Margaret Hill as their lives take shape in the country setting of Sigbarrow and Alne during the years between Mafeking Night and Armistice Day, 1918. 9j. Gä. net
THEOUTSIDER ByALBERrCAMUS
This translation by Stuart Gilbert of L'Etranger, intfoduces to British readers one of the most important contemporary French writers. It is an enthralling story of Algiers, equally exciting for its murder and trial scenes, and fascinating in its study of the psychology of the central character who seems untouched by his destiny. With a preface by C y r i l C o n n o l l y . Gs. net
THEAGE OF REASON By Jean-Paul Sartre
L'Age de Raison is the first novel in Sartre's trilogy, Les Chemins de la Liherte. The scene is Paris at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War, and the work is remarkable alike for its philosophy of individual liberty, its subtle charac- terisation, and its courageous plot. Translated by Eric S u t t o n . 10/. net
HE WHO WHISPERS By John Dickson Carr
A new Dr. Fell detective story, the scene of which is laid partly in France and partly in the New Forest. The author of The Emperor's Snuffhox and Till Desth Do Us Part has never written a more ingenious story. 8.f. Gd. net
OVERTOY QU ByRoALOÜAHL
Ten stories of Flyers and Flying. " He writes with a sharp eye for the details of atmosphere„ a retentive ear for the rhythms of soldier Speech, a sensitive delicacy in capturing highly charged emotions." — Netv York Times.. Is. Gd. net
THE HAPPY TIME By Robert Fontaine
A new^ Canadian writer teils the story of a little boy's family life in a manner reminiscent of Clarence Day's Life With Father, with a dash of Bemelmans thrown in. 8j. net
7
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Children' s Books
STUART LITTLE ßy E. B*. White
A children's classic which we think will take its place with Alice in Wonderland and The Wind in the Willows. Stuart, the hero, is a mouse, great in spirit, small only in size. His adventures are as amusing to adults as they are exciting to children. With 80 illustrations by G a r t H Williams. Is, Gd. net
PANDORA . - By Cläre Newberry
The well-known author-artist of Mittens, Babette, tic, introduces us to a new :reation in Pandora, this time a Persian cat. Gs. net
THE WHITE DEER By James Thurber
Thurber, already world-famous for his drawings and stories, has now illustrated his own children's story. Like Stuart Little described above, this book will appeal to grown-ups as much as to children. Gs. net
FUZZY WUZZY AND WOOLLY WONDER
By Hester Wagstaff
The author-artist of Dickey Daw now teils the story of two sheep dogs who taught themselves to read, won the prize in a Salvage Drive and incidentally helped to find their lost pedigrees. Illustrated by the author. Gs. net
Reprints
mittens hy Cläre Turlay Newberry april's kittens hy Cläre Turlay Newberry little half-giant by A. De Quincey
Gs. net
Gs. net
Is. Gd. net
LAW BOOKS SEPARATE LIST WILL BE PROVIDED ON APPLICATION
LA FRANCE LIBRE
Having played its part in war, this fine magazine has expanded its field of influence in time of peace and helps to promote international understanding.
2s. 6d. net monthly
y
Reprints in active preparation:
General
ECLIPSE by Alan Moorehead
RUDYARD KiPLiNc; by Hiltofi Brown
THE couRSE OF CERMAN HiSTORY h) A. j. F. Taylor
THH UNQIIIET T.RAVE hy Palinufus
THE THURDER CARNIVAL hy Jamcs Thufbcf
TIME WAS by W. Graham Robertson
AFRiCAN TRILOGY hy Alan Moorehead
THE BATON AND THE JACKBOOT hy Bcrta Gcissmar
PRIMER OF THE COMING WORLD hy Leopold Schwarzschild
MEN, WOMEN AND DOGS by Jamcs Thurber
GILBERT AND SULLIVAN by Hesketh Pearson
Fiction
MISS BUNTING hy Angela Thirkell THE PURSUIT OF LOVE hy Nancy Mitford
THE READINESS IS ALL by G. F. GriggS
THE RETURNING HE ART hy Dorothy Charqucs THE TROUBLED MiDNKiHT hy John Günther THE SONG OF BERNADETTE /;} Franz Werfet THE crater's edge hy Stephen Bagnall THE LADY IN THE LAKE hy Raymond Chandlef
Some Medical Books
I2s. (yi. vet
\0s. da. net
\2s. (>d. fiel
7s. Gd . net
\0s. Gd. uet
lOj. Gd. net
ISs. net
15j. net
lös. 6ä. net
lOs. Gä. net
\0s. Gd. net
10/. net
8j. Gd. net
9s. Gd. net
S>s. Gd. net
9s. Gd. net
8.f. Gd. net
Gs. net
8.f. Gd. net
ANATOMY IN MEDICAL AND DENTAL FRACFICE
By Donald Mainland, M.B.. D.Sc.
Pp. xiv + 532. 73 Illustrations and Tables. 35/. net
' SEXUAL DISORDERS IN THE MALE By Kenneth Walker, F.R.C.S., and Eric B. Strauss, D.M., F.R.C.F. Seconä Revised Edition Pp. xiv + 248 9 Illustrations 10/. Gd. net
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Shortly Pp. 550
Pp. 100
AMBULATORY FROCTOLOGY
By Alfred J. Cantor, M.D.
275 Illustrations
HOW A BABY GROWS
By Arnold Gesell, M.D.
8üO Photographs
About 40/. net
10/. Gd. net
SELECTED WRITINGS OF SIR CHARLES SHERRINGTON
Compiled and edited by D. Denny-Brown, D.M., F.R.C.P.
Pp. xiv 4- 529 85 Illustrations 25/. net
DEEP MASSAGE AND MANIPULATION ILLUSTRATED
By James Cyriax, M.D., B.Ch. Second Edition Pp. x + 242 98 Plates 15/. net
Shortly Pp. 516
HEMATOLOGY By Willis M. Fowler, M.D. 110 liiubtrations (8 coloured)
\
About 40/. net
HUMAN CONSTITUTION IN CLINICAL MEDICINE By George Drapek, M.D., C. W. Dupertuis, Ph.D., J. L. Caughey, Jr. M.D. Pp 279 29 Illustrations 21s. net
PSYCHOSOMATIC DIAGNOSIS By Flanders Dunbar, M.D.
Pp, 760
37/. Gd. net
SKIN DISEASES IN CHILDREN
By George M. Mackee, M.D. and Anthony Cipollaro, M.D.
Shortly Pp. 450 225 Ilkistrations (4 coloured) About 37/. Gd. net
PHYSICAL MEDICINE IN GENERAL PRACTICE By William Bierman, M.D.
310 Illustrations 37/. Gd. mt
Pp. 664
Pp.677
INTRAVENOUS AN^STHESIA
By R. Charles Adams, M.D.
75 Illustrations
FÜLL LIST ON APPLICATION
All t>rices are subject to alteration
60/. net
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HAMISH HAMILTON LTD.
90 GREAT RUSSELL STREET LONDON W.Cl
Telephone : Museum 0828 Cables : Hamisham, London
Telegrams : Hamisham, Westcent, London
K. T. Il«r(>u A Cu.. Ltd.. IxinduD ti Emei
June, ''O, 47.
.Nk
Mr, H&ralah Hawllton 90 Gr«at Rusaell 3tr» London W.C.l.
Dear &!r« Hamilton i
Go.-ae of th dlscusslana going on her« about the «Red PruasltB" have tho^ oe that one oT It'a i-ln asp^cts If expoted to eine ortrlookod or mlslnterpreted. It Is the
to fighting for foclriXlsm, but »galnst those socl llst Inol- ▼IdSS ina partles vho rui'used to nccept hls P^'x-tlcular brand of loelallsm. ConiequentXy^ rery large Pf^t of the
S^inethorls an i napr tlng th' story of i arxt ^attles wlth /w S- foelallstlc^ not capit llstlc oppOiKnts. It sho s that Se causes of his Implacabl '^ mlty -.galnst th m «ere hls Iuthfti>lta>laB> d.ctitorlal. conceotlor'Sj tl,.t tho ::^elaols he SSailinst theji r^rTa Dtoduct of hü conf - ssed prlnclple of banSmg from th. politlc 1 «tpugae f J,. ^^^J^i^^J^'^J^!!^- • tiont and Inhtbltlons whn tev. p| and that th^ *^*^ '■''«. 'J'*'T«„^„ of hls llf Ions confllct ^Uh th. : is a... uninter uptod succes. alon of th i.eane t plots, Tiliflcatl ns biA p- rsecutions. To th't oxtai.t th." book -movints tj a .-trong vi^dicetlon of . all antl- '-rvln aoclliats — ai-ong tn ru particxa-rly the . ^Titiah Lar)orlt.:S — ho fron th. b «liiiins -vere co.iip'.lled to flKht rarx and Marxlsci, and who today are compelled to ^.^ contlnue tho samc ol'i flght -r^al;:«! hU -ucccasors in Moscorv. As it S'^an^s to me, th^ y should f -el t^onis-lTf s surrorted, an^ not mtilUKtM of l\ nded by the •'«ed Prur.sicn''.
I do not kno , or co .rse, wheth r the British
peaders aiid reTle^vers — vho certainly ^^"/5^.^°^,^^;,** thlngs than the A: ■ ric-n — an not. o- trusted to ^J;;COver thls aspect all bv taemsolves. Nor do I kno'^v what coula be done to efiGctivel; d^aw th ir attention to It — i^^f'^äi by so. 8 ./itrnco. on th- Jacket, If it is not too late for thati or by g- -tly yoi.itlnä it out to ou;. or t^<^ S^l'/the th reTlcwop». I any case, I feit that I should OaKe thQ •ugg-^ftioa, leavluL tn rat to you Judge;:,» nt» ^
It mlght also be po'^ibla and useful to glv# thf. Duhllc or tho PftTievers an Information of th «ort con- talnJd in tSe attachod cUi. ing fron th-. "Ny. Tiüiea". "should •Srthat th questloB of how to explaln »^arxs enopraou. poat- hSious Influenoe U touched at «..ny points of th- present b^^^bit^at it could not y.t b. tpeated ;j^«SSaIh^ir*e. oomppehenaively in a biography endlng j-itb hU J«f,*»* ", ^®" longa to th'^ long and topuoua atopy of «»e >'.ed Ppuasianta uSJcyrMapxiaB «ftep Marxta death, ^hlch I intend to teil in a second volume»
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TELEPHONE. MUSEUM 0828, TE LEGRAM S. HAMISHAM.WKSTCENT, LOKDON. CABUS: »AMiSHAM, LONDON.
Hamish Hamilton Ltd..
90,Great Riissell Street. London. W:C.i
20th August, 19^7.
Leopold Sch\\rarzsohlld, Fsq., 22'; East 57th Street, New York 22, N.Y. U.S.A.
Dear Mr. 3chv;arzschild ,
I am glad to say that we have just heard fr cm "l/orld Review" that they want to publish yc-ur article on Marx. They add that a cheque will reach us shortly but" do not state the aroount. It v;il3 , of course, be sent on o you In füll as soon as it is received.
Kind regards,
Yours sincerely.
c/Zu-v— ^/^ (/frc, — —/{
OIRECTOBS-HAMISH HAMILTON (Manag.ng Dirtaor). D.W. BROOAN.
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September, 15, Kl %^
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Mr. lianiah llnnilton QO Grer^t HusBell Str» Lori'.'on VV,C,1,
Depr I.'inter Hnnllton:
I nn glafl t,o hc?.r thpt my nrticlc on tho Mfinc ennivorsory v;ill be nubliohed by •♦V/orlrl Roview", and I thnnk vou for hnvliv hnnrlLort thip. thlm- 00 nicoly« B|rt when I sent you thrt nanuacrlpt, it v/as really not mv Intention to r>et you in motion. I merely aaketl yout to riVG it to an ßpent» And I»ll vrrlte some nore orticlen in the next v/eoks anrt cnn not always bother you, 3o if you would be kind enou/rh to r^lvc ne the nemo of 0 reliablo f im, or cause thls firm to r.et in touch v/ith me, that >>
would be -^Ine,
/^nother r<>int, The Inspoctor of Fo- relrn Dlvldends h?iG nornr.unlcateö with me nnd informed no thnt your furthor T>o3rT.ent3 to ne can bo vxfi^Q v;ithout do- duction, I sup-pose you have got tho sane inforroation,
I on nono tlnes nskod v/han the Rod Prussinn v;ill bo published in Kneland. Can you plencQ teil ne the publiootion date? .
^ V/ith kin;l03t ref^arda, I an yoars
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Leopold Cchv.T)rzscliild
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Oc tober, 3f -'v?«
(r
Mrt Hnrnlnh Hnnllton 90 Oront F^uasell Str. Lomion \V#Ctl*
Dear Mr. llAnllton:
My nmvest article product f^oes flp;ain bo ^ ebusinf- of yonr aiPi-^Dle offer to hnndle it's publlcotion,^ I pn sor-v thBt there e^clflts no arent to relieve yoa from thls tasic'beopii.ge nnothor child Is on the way.
I an Ron'Unr you "t the sano tine p few ad- dltionpl corrßctions for THK RED PRUSiilAH which you raey be eMo to uno for r new odltion. -,
Out of rnere curloaity, I anmit, I v/ould liko to knovv v/hPt 0 rocornandatlon of tho Book Society roolly ™^«nr Pore in Anericp the Book of the Nlonth choones ifs Sook ;very nonth an" r.coru.nnds ia Itfts little reviow doeens of them: A fact which rerrr.ino v/lthout response fron the puMic.
Another of ny darin-- v/ishes is to knov/ about tho n-ne anC adresa of a olir^Pinr service in i^inflniid which wouldtend ne the roviov;n of ' tllE RED PiaiSSIAlI repularly.
Ilopinr you excuse ray botheriaR you so rauch
I renain with be^t refnrds yours sincerely
Leopold Schwarzachild
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TELEPHONE: MUSEUM 0828 (twounbs). TELEGRAMS: HAMISHAMWESTCENT, LONDON. CABLES HAM3SHAM. LONDON.
Hamish Hamilton Ltd.,
90, Great Russell Street, London, W:C.l.
oc tober 7. 1947.
lieopold ^chv/arzschild, 225, ^ast 57th K^treet, IIü:./ YORK 22,
^sq
Dear Li», ochv/arzschild, * •
i'haiik you for your letter of October 3 enclosing the article, "Vßiat is left of the uemian i-erilY", v/hich v/e sliall offer aß-ain to Io£id._He vie w .
Tlie additional corrections i'or riG xicJu JrHUSSIAI^: are, I am afraid, too late for our first .^rinting, but v/ill be talcen cara of in the hcprjy eveiit of a reprint being justified.
^ ^ I am sori-y to sa^^ tliat a recoxiimendation by xhe EooIn oociety amoimts -go very little. xhe Society itself buys only a few copies, aiid the effect of the announcement in advertisin,;,- that a book has been reconuaended by the Society IS aifficult to calculate. on the other hand, tliis does mean tliat some member- qI' the selection committee reviews the "^ook In^^'JÜie BoorXian", and as all the members are well-known U. B. Priestley, compton i.-acicenzie, V. 3. rritcliett, Sylvia Lynd) they are well uorth quotin^^ in advertisina'.
IC
A good clipping Service, ouj:'3elves, is Romeilce cc Curtice in^s, London A,C,4-,
V/ith kind regards,
and the one v/hich \ve use
of Ii^ield House, Erearas Build'
V
ours sincerely,
iW^l
i^l iec.^/.
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DIRECTORS:- HAMISH HAMILTON fMandgmg D/rector;. D.W. BROGAN.
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Octob?;r, 22, Ul %
Wf, Ilnmish llonilton 90 Grept Rusaell 3tr, Lon^lon V/,C ,1,
Deer Ür« Hamilton:
Moy I peater you once moro wilh na nrtlcle? Thin one Is bound to e dote, ofl you xvlll aee. It v/lll come out here on Nov. 9. in the Sunday h'arezine of the Mov/ \ork Timoe. Tho tiine factor will perhaps loave no other chol- ce than to offor it to a newa^epfir, perhapa a Sunday news- paper. If thoy feel tho piece to lonp for then, they Ray cut it H little here or there.
I hope thnt thio v.-ill be for a v^hile tho laFt articlc I nent to you. I hnve tho Intention to write a Phort book which will keep ne busy for ths next 6 months,
Meny thanks, sincerely youro
T-
c>
Loopold SchwRrzschild
I I
TEIEPHONE: MUSEUM 0828 (TWDLUiKS). TELEGRAMS: HAMISHAM WESTCENT, LONDON. CABIXS HAMISBAM. LONDON.
Hamish Hamilton Ltd.,
90, Great Russell Street, London, W. C.l.
Leono.ld ochwarzschild, 225", 2ast 57tli ötreet, liSy YORK CI'iT,
iiiSq. 5
i-ovember 21. 1947.
I
Dear *^r. ochv;arzscliild,
I oia very sorry to re.:ort that i have had no luck with eitiier ...-Ai* U L^r'i' ür'" WliJ ujIlfiwIAir ItiuRjl/i or ..OVi:3i.uj3ri 7, 1917» -"^s you probably laiow, liiere are few v/eekly or niorruhly puolications in Ulis country v/hich are able to publish articles of oliis len,;;th in present condi- tioiis, arid v;e have tried tliem all v/ithout success. I liate havii\; to disai.3^^oint you like 'cliis, out v/e iiave done everytliin^; in our po\;er.
Juiotiier piece of nev/s './iiicli nsy disappoint yoa is tliat v;e Iiavo Ciocided to ^.ostpone xlijJ .^-I-j i-üUoujXi^r until January 9* Copies of tlie book are e:q)ected so lata froni tke binder tha'ö if v;e liad brou^jiit ti^e book oat this year, v;e should liave been forced to set a date only ten days frou Giiristrnas, v/liich, in our opi:iion. v/ould have been aisastrous. ihe maus at that tinie are usually in a chaotic condition, so it i^; doubt^ul v/hether v;e \;ould have been able to ^*et stock to the booksellers in time, and, lurtheriaore, the Chance G of reviev/s betv/een that date and ohristiuas v/ould be reniote. xhe:*e are ruany advanta^j^s i^^ postponin^ publication until the hev; Year v/hen" fe\/er books are being' published; transport difficulties have been strai^jhtened out; ana last, bat not least, l^'^S is the aiuiiversary of the Comaunist
I.'anifestoj a fact u;-on v;hich inanc/* of the reviev/ers will coLirnent. l ar.i co.iivinced that ti'iis uecision is in your best interests and hope you v/ill re^jard it as such.
1 ain retumin^; your articles herewith.
Yours sincerely.
/fJu^-^^'^^
m-i/dYi
DIRECTORS-HAMISH HAMILTON (Menoging Director), D.W. BROGAN.
*mm- ■ r ^ma ■■■
— » '■.■■^. ■ ■ T ■-f„T E
40 EAST 49 STREET NEW YORK 17 N Y
Jtdy 3, 19li7
Dear Mr. Schwarzschild:
Thls is to acknowledge your letter of July 2. We are forwarding it to Dr. Wertham, since we feel that he should have a right to comment on your charges. In all likelihood we shall publish^our letter, with such answer as the reviewer feels he vrants to make.
Mr. Leopold Schwarzschild Beaver Lake House Ulster County, New York
rlhtcjg
Sincerely yours,
Robert L, Hatch
>
«•nry A. Wallace, EDITOR • Michael Sfralghf, PUBLISHER • Bruce Blivn. EDITORIAL DIRECTOR • Dani.l MebanB, TREASURER
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PETERS & HEDRICK INC. • 410 HO
§AGINAW, MICHIGAN • PHONE 8118
Janu^ry 2*;, 1^9
Mr. Leopold Schwarzschild 225 East 57th Streot New YorV, New York
Dear Mr. Schwarzschild:
We prepare a small digest-type house organ for a few business concerns who distribute it free to thf=*ir customers, ^ sample of one of the recent issues is herewith enclosed.
We would like to reprlnt in onr February issue, the artiole "Power is Lahor' s Dilemma" written by yourself, which appeared on page 2Q of the August is3Uf=» of N/VTION«S BUSINEwSS. We will, of course, rive füll credit to you and NATION »S BUSINESS.
We have already written to ?JIr, Paul McCrea, Manaeing Editor of NATION »S BUSINFSS, and he has given us permission to use the article, so far as that publication is concerned, but also refers us to you for your permission as well,
If the use of this article in accordance with the terms mentioned above meets with your approwl, we would appreciate hearing from you as soon as possible, and meanwhile, want to thank you for gi'/ing this matter your consideration.
Yours very truly,
PETERS & HEDRICK INC.
y^{<^^
J. P. Hedrick President
JPHibir
Prof, Dr. med. A. Hottinger
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February, 22, 49«
Kr* Franz Horch 3?5 S. 57. Str. New York
f Denr Mr» Horch;
As for the '*Nation*8 BuslneBB": One arti- cie I v'oulc! llke to wlte for them ie about the 1000$ «iwekk-coErades« People take it for gronted tliat the cias3 nost hostlle to Connnnism eire"the rieh, tho
propertied and th© well-to-do»«. It is v/ell nigh thie penerol bellef that messrs Harry Sacher h Co are onc« aRain tryin^ to exploit In the present Nev York tritl« In actual foot, ho\7Qver, thla fj-gneral belief Is vvronß,
I The DercentaRö of pro-comuniats l3,
antl has always beon much higher amonf: the rieh then anon'^ th^s poor; rauch hl<?hBr sraong the cnpit«liats then anonp- the v/orkers of whatever coimtry. In 18^5» the
younr: inillionaire Frle<lrlch ^n«!els erröte to Karx
ebout the "miraculoua" aucess of his prope^Tanda
rce-^tlninis in Gempny — but onli' ar»on^ the well-to
do, "The wholo town, frcaa the fiiicnciGl aristocracy dtnvn to tha shopfceepers, was prenent -- everyone -
exoept the proloteriat". etc. etc. Flfty yeers later, tho Ol« millloneAr.e Friedrich Kngels plcturod the — comUtions in England: "Verily, that aboniriation of eborr.inotions, Sociolia ', hcs not only becone rospcc- — table, but haa actually donned evening dresa ajid ^
lounf:;es l^zlly on drRvlnr room causenaes • . . • . Socla- lism is advanclng anon^' elononta dprung fron the bour- geoisie, while th«5 or^^anlzed workers so far remain quite remote froo it.** And that vfas the developcient
in all eountries throughout all tho decedes. Today, in the USA, the raftio of pro-cocaaiihlsts anong cou- pon-cli-nrers mey e^^Rlly be ten tii^es higher than amonp- share-croppera ; ten tine higher anoni«; the Beverly F.ills cnd Park Av'^nue crowds than among the menbers of any averag« Leber Uni%a. . .
I thlnk the hundred yenra-atory of this
T>oronnifl phenomenon should be surprlsing and amusing
for the reeder, eod should raake hiia aCQUainted
with sonn thlngs he dld not know.
Vary sincereiy yours
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Merch 25 I 1946.
()
Mrs« Ruth D, Howard Nation» s Business The Cheriber of Comnerce Washington
Deer Mrs, Howard:
In reply to your letter of Maroh 20, I believe I shall have the article on "fellov; travel- lers" which I discussed with Mr. MacCrea reody for you in the course of July, Please appreciate that I am wor kinr und er some pressure in Order to oomplete a book before the summer and therefore regret not to be able to promlse the ortiole before an earlier date«
I am very sorry to hear thet Mr» McCrea is ill and I hope ho will recover soon.
Very truly yours,
Leopold Schwarzschild
^1
NATION S BUSINESS
I
PubHshod iy
THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
OF THE UNITED STATES
WASHINGTON
OPFICE OF THE EDITOR
January 20, 19^8
Dr. Leopold Schwarz schild
225 iiast 57th Street ' *
Mew York 22, N, 1.
t
Dear Dr. Schwarz schild 2
My conversations with you are always so stimulating and your views so sound and wide in ränge, I dislike to be in disagreement with you on any matter.
If you and I alone had participated in our last conversation, I wouid certainly feel obliged to accept your recollection of what the economicB article was to cover. I ßhould do so not only out of courtesy but because it would be over a question of comparative memory.
lou will recall, however, that our Associate Editor, Mr. Sypher, was with us and his xinderstanding and mine are in füll accord. We especially remember our objections to the "general staff" therae because we could not See it for our readers and we did not consider it a down-to-earth Präsentation of the problem and its Solution. In Short, we are both certain that we rejected that type of article and asked for arother which I described to Mr. Horch in ray last letter to him,
I*iD very sorry this misunderstanding has occurred, Nelther Mr. Sypher nor I, however, have any doubt that the subject we expected you to write about was Inflation, its Symptoms and the signs by which inflationaiy policies could be widely and readily recognized.
Parenthetically, I don't agree that depression is inevi table within the next five years. It may come, of course, but on the present evidence I'm not inclined to teil our readers to head for the storm cellar.
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We woiild like very much to have the Inflation article we discussed, the spirit of which I tried to recall in my letter of December 31. I am enclosing a copy.
Sincerely. youBs,
Lawrence F. Hurley
Edltor
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NATION S BUSINESS
OFFICE OF THE EDITOR
Publifihed hj
THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
OF THE UNITED STATES
WASHINGTON
June 5, 1947
Dr. Leopold Schwarz ßchild 225 East 57 th Street, New loTk, N. X.
Dear Dr. Schwarzschiid:
"The Red Prueeian" was all that you promieed it would be* I hope it ie selling well — we reviewea it in oiir June issue, which autoiuatically must have brought you a couple of hundred thousand more sales.
Stilx on my "Editorial Futuree" list is an item called Täow to Teil a Fellow Traveler, " by ür. Leopold Schwarzschild. Should 1 crosB it off, or may I still hope that we shali see it?
I was in Mew Xork two weeke ago and rang your "phone a nuinber of times, to no avail. 1 couldn't find your literary agent in the telephone book, although I caUed a couple of Hör che 8.
1 hope that you have regained your health and that your fingere are itohing for work again* '~^
Cordially,
Editor
Lawrence F. flurley
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Wr, Lflwr^nce ?• Hurley
The ChöDiber of Comrierce
Waahinrtoii CD. — -
D88r I^r. Hurleys
I oa oorry the pioca has b^,or»ja ebout^
500 v/orrt8 lonf!or thon you wanted It to bo. bat I uhiak I tettGr leave the cliolce of the dlapcnsablo Pearls to yout
Slncerely youra
Leopold Srhv'??r7.ßchll(l
I I
PEDOR KABALIN
casilla 702
Santiago d^ Chile
Santiago, den 30. Dezember 1947
\
Herrn
Leopold Schwarzschild
c/o "Weltwoche"
Zürich
X
Sehr geehrter Herr!
Erst vor paar Tagen bekam ich zu lesen Ihren, besonders durch seine Sachlich- keit, packenden Aufsatz: "Bilanz einer Illusion"; "Die Weltwoche" kommt zu uns nämlich, langsam aber sicher und nicht durch die Luftpost! ^
Der Artikel hat mich so begeistert, dass ich ihn sofort ins spanische und kroatische übersetzt habe und jetzt wende ich mich an Sie mit der Bitte, dass Sie mich bevollmachten die erwähnten Uebersetzungen an die chilenische und ev. auch sonstige südamerikanische Presse, wie auch an die kroatische Presse in Amerika anzubieten und dass Sie mir bei der Gelegenheiten Ihre Hechte und sonstige Beanspruchungen fixieren.
In Erwartung Ihrer baldigen Nachrichten, bitte ich Sie um Entschuldigung we- gen meiner "Zündbarkeit" und zeichne u u i.^
hochachtungsvoll
Jfei^^ 4^
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February, 1, U^»
Mr. Fedor Kaballn Casilla 702 3»f^tftf^^o da Chile
Sehr füeehrter Herr Kabel inl
Ich erhielt Ihren Brief vom 30. Decenber 19A7. Der von Ihnen erweehnte Aj;^^*^®}^"^^^;"^ einer Illualon« ist urspruenp^lich im Sundoy Magazine der New York Times erschienen, und danach An mehreren Laen- dern und Sprachen. Die spanischen und ^poetischen «echte sind noch frei. Ich vorlehne durchschnittlich fuer Jeden AMruJk im Ausland 50$. Wie Sie das behandeln wollen, weiss ich nicht, aber Sie koennen mir darueber noch Mlttellunß machen.
Hochachtungsvoll
Leopold Schwarzschild
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Her*mann Kesten
c/o bermann Fischer Querldo Verlag
^IncTAl PAP
Singel 262
Amsterdam-G , Holland
München, 21. Oktober 1949
Lieber Freund Schv/arzschild,
ich höre aus New iork, dass es Ihnen wieder besser geht, und dass Sie auf dem Lande bei Frau Knickerbocker
sich erholen von der neuen Erschütterung, die Ihnen widerfahren ist.
Lieber Freund, ich bin voi)i Herzen froh, dass Sie wieder bei uns sind. Mit dem echten Egoismus eines alten Freundes mochte ich nicht Sie so geschwind , und am liebsten gar nicht verlieren .
iis ist wahr, dass wir uns in den letzten Jahren gar zu selten gesehen haben, im zeitfressenden, raumfressenden :s3w :Lur]:.er Trubel .
Abar schon das Dewusstseln, einen Freund da oder dort zu wissen, ist schon so fröhlich. Freilich wünscht man sich auch, dass es dem Freunde gut geht, und er ein wenig Anlass hat, fröhlich zu sein.
Und wir müssen uns heutzutage hSufig anstrengen, um solche Anlässe zu finden.
Ich hoffe, dass diese Kriseyi durch die Sie gegangen sind, ganz vorüber sind, und dass Ihre jetzige Genesung alles Trübe auflöst.
'^ir sind hin und her durch iiiuropa gefahren, und sitzen nun für eine vVeile in München, wo ich am Casanova arbeite. Das Beste
an Deutschland heute ist für unsereins, dass man nur zu Gaste da ist, und wieder wegreisen darf . Im übrigen geniesst man in Deut schlandhaupt sächlich die Anwesenheit solcher Amerikaner wie Alfred Folgar>i,die auch gerade in München sitzen. .Vir haben sogar den grossen Hans Habe erst hier in München kennen gelernt, wo er er gerade dabei ist, die Münchener Illustrierte -vieder neu zu
gründen.
Schreiben >ie mir mal eine Zeile, wenn Sie sich wohlauf befinden.
Mit herzlichsten Grüssen
stets Ihr alter und ergebener Freund
^-^hM^/iW^^AA. \i^Xb^
FERN HELSCHER
115 EAST 57TH STREET NEW YORK 22. N. Y.
May 29, 1947.
Dear Leopold:
Thlnk not that I have forgotten my florld proralses, although I have not fulfilledjthem promptly*
I took The Ped Prusslan to Ward Green, President of King Features, today. I talked half an hour wlth him about it. He promised to take It home and read it hiraself , or give it to one of his brightest young men, to Judge its suitabllity for publication in a serial of six or twelve or any deslrable number of articles. If he likes it he will at any rate recommend it to Hearst. There could be money in that; but I dont have to advise restraining one ^s hopes.
I have sent a copy with a personal letter to Max Eastman who had left for Martha 's Vineyeard before I returne-i to New York. He lives at Chilmark, Mass. I wrote what I thoiight might be a persuasive note. Here too we can only hope.
I was of course disappointed but not surorised at the reviews of Lewis Gannett and Joseph Barnes, and also of Kohn. Levitas of The New Leaier has given it to be reviewe^ by another socalled Marxist scholar who will I should iraa^irp, scarcely be able to keep his professional jealousy from showlng.
However let-^^us all be of pood cheer. It is such a remarkably valuable work. If I could do a thing like that I woul'i be happy to consider it a life's work.
A^nes and I are leaving tomorrovf by car for Texas, We have bought a house in Nyack. Agnes will stay in Dallas and pack. I will return iramediately to New York and prepare the new house, which has to be patched together.
So we may look forward to the pleasure of your Company again before longi, we hope.
Give jcasadD our respects and affection to Valerie and accept thera for your seif .
As ever
F. Knickerbocker.
The letter head address of my ^gent is as good as any
BEAVER LAKE HOUSE
TELEPHONE SHOKAN 582
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«MMHiB^mMi
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Ullmann, Proprietor
KRUMVILLE
ULSTER COUNTY, N. Y.
Leopold Schwarzschlld öeaverlakehouae
Jiuie, 17, 47.
H# R^ Knickerbockcr c* o« Fern Helscher 115 E. 57. Str^ New York
Dear KniCü^t
I was delighted to hear that you Uuve foiUid a house In Uyak* It i.L?ea.s to be a be^itiful place and near to Kew York
in any case which means that I can look forv.ard tv see more of you tvvo^
Thanks for your elTorts to salvage soiiiething out of the shaiöblcs of The Reu Prus^iaii. The reviews have oeexi a llttie more devastatixig than I expected the:., to be but I have taken it phllosophicaixy^ vSlnce I ca;inot persua ie luyaelf to belive th^t the bock ia reaily bad I li:t(;.rprete thc episode as a sign tiiat In the litcrary field piir dear ana ho^Oiable friends of the other caüip are evin ü.ore do...i.jcxnt tlia;. I knew tht.v^ to be,
I am still in thc co.u;t y with Valiy» I am still gai-
nlng In weight, strength aud health, I stiii have no inspiation.
neither f^r ae ncr fr you, as to the best luaiaier in which wa Could use OUT creatlve talents.
And I au» still
your old friei;d
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I lubcH l\. Kiii(*krrhockcr
Apt. 8--A, 456 Piverslde Drive, WC, July llth, 1947.
Dear Leopold:
I enclose note froro Max Fastroan, self-explanatoT7^. Ward Greene, editoi of Kln^r Features By^ndicate, read the book, Insisted It was excellent and fascinating, bat believed It was not "news" in the sense of King Features ,y et sent it in to old man Hearst, and there it stxll is*
1
^ ^ I was glad to see in your note the old
Ironie spirit. Agnes and I hope to enjov more of it at flrst hand when we return to NY.
We are leavlng tonlght for Texas, to pack our household goods, shlp them to N^/ack, then take the children and drive to Montana, where I will see then installed and then cooe back here to prepare the Myack shack for occupancy. It Is an old build Ing , about^ to fall down, but we have propped it up and are convlnced we will be happy in it •
Give your enchanting Valerie our best love and save a proper share for yourself •
As ever.
]ytAXC / t
•Knickerbocker
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Box 81, Chilmark, Mass.
July 14, 1948.
Dear Leopold
An oW dear German frlend of mlne, Heinrich Gaertner bv name, one-time ctwifidant of Papenll, but a la/al friend an^never a '^azl, has written me fron Ttaly where he has
but that is not the questlon. He wrltes that he has the manuscript of a book he has wrltten, a novel, about
f K 4- r P^^llf5®^ here. He makes the absurd Suggestion that r have It published under roy naael I have written hiro to keep bis MS untU I write further,- of course '
™,t^illi i^^w^f °onö«oee to speak offeublishing it under
W naae,- and that I would ask you what you thought of
«?^tS Sr^r ^^^''^^1''*^^; "^"^^ y^^ ^ ^« wllling to look at the MS if he sends It to me, and advise me and hiro . -.
as to what to do with It; whether it is worth troubling •
to do this r shall write hiro to send lt;as it is öbviouslv ^üf* ÜJ fest straws. I enclose the porltlon of hls Jetter *st which bears an the book.
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Agnes and I went to Max Eastman»« toeautiful hilltop ' house the other afternoon, and toward the end of a livelv ^ conversatlon he Just bytheby told roe the Digest had f Inallv ' 6aken a resunie of "The Red Prusslan." You can iroaeine how pleased we were. . ^
*^ A. •
I wish you and ValeTv would coiie arri spend a whlle wlth " US. The seabathlng is a bit cold, but the sunsMne is ' tonlc and cosroetlc. Agnes and Suzy are chestnut bro'w, " Julia Is Indian red, anJ Miranda is tawny taffy. I am a proud carbuncle crtmson.
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All our best.
e- .
Leopold Schwarzschild, Esq^, 885 East 57th st., NYC^
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DearKKiok:
1
Ve are bafhing in the Farne ocean and pw^liering in fhe sun of abnnf fhe f>nnp herf.che&. Cur r^iqmentnt ion should ' onehofr fit info the epectrum you nre describing. TH, there is t^ome dietance b^theen Long Island and 1/nrtha' Vineyard. liuoh af' I would like tt, I do not yet knov- vhether to^^ll ever muster ika initiative cnd enorgy for the trtn^ 4nd one i» neuer aa bury ar u^hen one i^ lapy. So thcink you for your kind invita^ tionp and permit me, before Jumping into hojty decisions, to oontinue f^tndying fhe quef^ficn m^ fhorouphly ae our Hates^men are ftudying the Berlin incident.
Aj^ for Vr. (raeriner, at leatt he exr^ree^ees himself normally. Contmry fo litemlly all Oermnn no^f war lefferp I have read hi?> fe^r F^niencet puaoepi fhaf he hnr remained immune to the myFierious pprversion fhaf hnp befnllen the Oermau lannnaae durina the la^t fifteen years. This is so excer^^ional that prr^ hapsp i'ho knoinBp hie ntanuserirt map inrn out to be nn agreabl e erripe. Therefore, and if you like me to do itp I am ouite u^illing to look into it^ If it i^ really a volume of 9000 tyve^ writer pagefip more ihan ^ Million wordsp he may not puen haue fhe money fo mnil if, ^nd fhp prorpectp of betng fnin^lifed and publiehed in thir counfry being next -f o ^ero in any ccire, there fieemp fo be Jitfle penro in sendinn if hrre. Bit I night t>os^ pibly be able to help hin in a vay. Plea^e nek him whether or not the -^rp Oermnn Ic.npv^ne publipherr- Querido^Anrferdan and riecher^Stockholm have s^en the JUr. If they haven't I night show if fo their Xe^' Tcrk edifor irho i« qnite cag^^r for new
discoveri es and eomethinn might drvrlop^ ^ .
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1 would haue liked to teil you the news about fhe Reader^s Digest myself • b^ft a litfle lafer. Tor alfhounh fhe fifth or eixth Version of the conrienrat ton har finally met ^^'ifh Mr. Vallace's approval, and ali^ough l^^f meek they even mde an arrongement i^ith Scribner's, fhaf doer not yet mean that fhe tbing t^fT? renJly ar-^ear. Eaf^fman himself has fold me of many r^iecer fhe pnblication of ^rhich wa^ ürernred for and arrnnaed in exr^cfly -^he rrme i^cy - — and ihich fken r^'re nort^^^cned from month to month, and finally shelved. There fore, fhe ?tory is not yef comvleted — - and I rme nniting for that fo 7-t?2I you about it and to thank you as fhe one who s^arted -"he ball roll-^ ing. And please ^erviit me to s-^ick io ihat time-^table.
Vally Joins me in sending ycu, meaninq both yoUß our bes^t re^ gardsp and we hone fo see ycu sconp wherever it be.
Ever youre
r
yebr, 9,49
Dear Knick;
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A few hours aftor our teile with flr.McGohoy 1
I-
went to the Public Llhrary to copy the par^^raph fron l'üiTX . v.ell, a notoworthy thini? had honpenocl, This j'erx- booiclet,or whlch no Bnßlish fcranslation oxists ,and only on«j very old aerir^an odiblon whlch U a rarnty evorywhQre but portlcMlorly In thls country , has vanished. The *
Slip T on attachin^ aays :"mij?slni^". And on the back
of th^? Slip you will read that it is ralnsinf?; aince September 194", notioe the date. And on furthor inquiry 1 vv-aa told : "It just diaappeared."
Nov/,tho titla of the booklet aa, translatpd fror th<^ Genj;an r^Disclosurea about the Trial of the Coimnunists at Colo/^ne". An;:; the trlal with v;hich*'.'^dealt in it '-^r! vory nach alilre to the one wo are \vittno:;sini7 no;v Hieven (l) leaders of l'.f^rx; Cor-j-^unist Party ia Prussia ' were Indicterl for '^ctlvitlcs ainin/r at the ov3rthro\. o^
thr- Oovornnent by force. Miä the chiof dcfondant of lüiis
trir^l of l.^s? v;°s,1n a noral aense, Dr. Kerl llt^rx, alth nr:h ho vma T)hysin?.lly in faaiian London ond took « leedinjr pe.rt ' In the nefem^G of the eleven acciaed f or- . bhore. It in this boo'flr>t, wr'tten by hin dbout this predecesaor of'the rrepr^nt Nev Yortr trlal, and irnedlatelv after it's end-
that has diaappe-red fror, the JTY Public l.ibrary "in
Ser^tß! ber lO^^^^Mt v;ould be nuite intereatlnr to knov; whethfj" or not the arrie coincidence happened also in the --- Library of Conr^roRa ,ond the two or bhree other Anerican
Libraries v'hich,at the ver\- nost, vere in T)onnesr:ion o^^
the thin-^,
, ^^
( i-
Althouf^'h this soiirce iism corparlsonn nnd
ouotntlons dnes now no Innrer exist^en least 'or ne, I *
convlncer» v^yself ?hat there are nbout 5) Ic3tter3 fro:i\
i^f^Tx to ::np:elfl riaariifchRifai on tho subjoct; in the first ^
Volurne of th«ir Corresr^ondence — v'hic^ hp^s not vet dis-
anpearerl, up to now. One of then seerna to be of particular
Intorest. For in it rnrx cornplainsd bitt rly about the
conduct of the defendaa^s — i.e* that they a(^itted too 1
niach, f^nr\ dr^veloped a irind of cod(3yho\v Conrnunints should ^ behf^/e in such ca8es#_ ^ i
As to the quotfitions I was looking for, I can
now only reproduce a few lines ouoted in ei i:arx-Bio/^rar>hy by WC Otto Rvihle (Tho New Home Library, p.lfV>) . In thoV.c lines, I/arx tried to nake his readcrs believe that
'1
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the trlel had^ in pertioulFr and above all, unirießked * — ^
the Jury System — that it had '^dlspelled for ever the 8ur»er8titio\is falth in tripl by Jury, b faith v.hioh still f flourishef^ In Rhenlsh Prussia. Teople reali?;e that trial by
Jury is trlal by r. court of the prlvile-c-ed clfisses, s — .
court estblished in order to bridre the rapa in the law
by the fcreadth of the bour^eois conscience»«* .
* k
Plesse piive thia letter to iir* McGohey,v/ith , my apolopies*
._!
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Cordi«lly yours
Leopold SchwarzGchild
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Four East Sixty Fourth Street New York 21,N.Y.
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28 January,1948
V.
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My dear Mr.Schwarzschild,
I have read several of your books with interest,including your The Red Prussian,— I think thet is the title— and am tflklng the liberty of writmg to you to ask if you are the sairie Leopold Schwär zschild,who used to edit the Tagebuch in Germany. . • ,
I refer to the small sized inagazine,iwhich I read back in 19?3,T»hen I was living in Ger- ' many for a time. I think you had a co-editor, named Stef .Grossmann, if I rooall his name cor- rectly. It ¥ra6 a most interesting periodical, quite unique at the time, and gave me a great deal of satisfaotion to read. '*
May I explain that I am not a political per- son,that I am not making this inquiry of you for any reason other than curiosity to learn whether you are the editor whose work I kneur twenty-five years ago. I am a compos er, former muslo oritio and from 1929 to 1936 Editor-in- Chief of ••Musical America", the leading musical magazine publiKshed in America.
Thanking you for a reply to my inquiry,
Your 8 very truly.
1 *
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JvWrch, 6, 46«
Ut. Fred er Ic Landshof f CtOt (/.uerldo Verlag Amgterdflm Slnf^el 262
Lieber Landshoff;
Es Ist nicht richtig, dass an den Manuskript von World in Trance so viel zu oendern ist. NatuGrlich, vjenn der editor beabgichtifjt, Worte v/io Foreign Office oder extraordinaer einzudeutsnhenp dann wird er eine zwar auch nicht sch\vierip;e Arbeit haben, aber eine, die einir;e Tap:e in Ansruch nimmt, Iwindeatens drei bis viertTage. Aber das ist nicht nur nicht noetig sondern schaodlich* Ich weiss, dass in den Manuskript — Verzeihunp: dem Hand- schriftv;erk — nichts zu tun int als die Zitate zu ueber- setzen und vielleicht an dreisolp oder vierzig Stellen ein aunlaendisches Wort, das neist aus den Zitaten starirat, ebenfalls zu uobertragen. Et c^est tout.
•
Iinrnorhin, es Ist etwas, das Sie Jetzt, sieben Monate nach unserem Abkonnen, schon an diesem Punkt halten. Sie v/erden sich erinnern, dass die Schv/elzor, denen ich seinerzeit das Recht nicht gab, mit den editieren bereits berronnen hatten, ( sie haetten das Buch auch nicht im Winter herausgebracht sondern schon in Herbst ) • Und ich kann mir nicht vorstellen, dass diese Schweizer Firma Je auf die Idee r^ekomnen waere, nachtraef^lich eine besondere Verguetunr zu verlanpien fuer das editen oder fuer des ty- pen, das helsst fuer Dinrre, die ihr von vornherein bekannt und von ihr uobernomiien waren und mit oelbstverstaendlich- keit in ihr Rayon fielen*
Wenn ich sehe, dass bei Ihnen diese Dinp:e Jetzt ploetzlich und nachtraerilich Probleme werden, so frere ich mich ob Sie diesem Schweizer IIrus, soin Uame ist Am- stutz Korder, Zuerich, nicht Jetzt noch Ihre Rechte anbie- ten v/ollon. Die Leute sind vielleicht noch Jetzt dazu bereit, obwohl natuorlich praktisch ein Jahr verloren v/orden ist, was fjanz gewiss nicht, wie Sie andeuten, eine Verbesserunr der Chancen ist* Ich wuerde mich mit diesen transfer einverstanden erklaeren« Die Leute haben so^ar noch mein Manuskript in der Hand*
Und das ist mein Vorschlaf; zur Behebunf^ meiner Schmerzen, der einzif,e, cien ich machen kann#
Herzlichst Ihr
)
)
Leopold Schv/arzschild
Slr^ yim JJork Sin«^
TIMES SQUARE. NEW YORK 18, N. Y.
LACKAVVANNA 4-1000
July 9, 1946
Ur. Leopold Schwartschild 225 East 5 7th Street Apartment 2C New York City, New York
Dear iiir# Schwärt zchildi
This letter, which eeems somewhat belated, came in the other day, end I thought you might be abla to anewer it more aasily than !•
Sincarely»
K. G* Lewis Sunday Departinent
HCLjjc
/ /
ALL
THE
NEWS
T H A T ' S
F I T
T O
P R I N T ' '
PLAIN TALK
ISAAC DON LEVINE, Editor
240 AAADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK 16, N. Y.
December 31«t, 1948
Ut. Ceopold Schwarz schUd 225 last 57th Street New York, New York
Dear itr. Schwarzschild:
In Mr. ^evlne's absence from the city I take* pleasure in enclosing our check for your most interesting Eisenhower Bears Witneas^ which appears in the January issue of PLAIN TALK*
RAL:se Eaclt
Ruth A. Leven for PLAIN TALK
A World of Freemen-America's Best Defense
TELEPHONE. MUSEUM 0828. TELEGRAMS HAMISHAKCWESTCBNT, LONDON. CABLES: HAMISHAM, LONDON.
Hamjsh Hamilto
r ♦
$ JL'*^ t?
90.Great Russell Sü-eet . London. "WTC. i. •; ' *
HOTEL WYNDHAM
42 West 58th Street 1 New York City, PL 3.3500 Mr. Leopold Schwarzschild, ' September 13th 1946 225 East 57 th Strt»et, ^' . _ _ , {
New York City. ,-y i
Dear llir. Schwarzschildi
I have Just arrived from London and hope very | much to have the pleasure of meetlng you whlle I am In New York, which will be until about the second week of October. I was sorry to hear from Mr. Perkins, whom i saw yesterday, that you are still not fully recovered and that you may be out of town for the next week or two« I hope that you will let me know when you return and that you may be free to lunch with me one day«
I gather that you hare been in correspondence with Hamilton about the translation of The Red Prussiar and should welcome an opportunity to discuss with you the pointe which have arisen» I hare no doubt that we can settle them without €uay difficulty, since it seemed to me that they are merely minor matters arising from differences between American and British rernacular« Both Hamilton and I were greatly impressed by the racy style of the translation, which seemed to us Just what is needed« The only difficulty is that some of the phrases may not be readily understood in England, or may, Just because they are so deliberately (and for this country very rightly)
DIRECTORS:-HAMISH HAMILTON fManagmg DIrector). D.W.BROGAN.
■.» f'
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couched In the American Idiom, come between the ordinary British reader and his enjoyment of the böok, thu8 possibly limiting its populär appeal«
But, ac I say, I am sure we can rery quickly solre this point in conversation. Will you very kindly let me know atthis hotel when I may look forward to seeing you ? . »
Tours sincerely
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TELEPHONE. MUSEUM 0828. TELEGRAMS- HAMISHAM, WESTCENT, LONDON. CABLES: HAMISHAM, LONDON.
Hamish Hamilton Ltd.,
SO.Great Russell Street, London . W C. i .
17th July, 19^^.7.
I
Leo old bch'.mrr: Schild, Nev; York 22, li.Y.
Isc.
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De:ir Mr, 3cliv/arzsciiij.a,
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I cei^ainlv intendod to re::er "co 0x13 üritish LJ-.our tu. ty in i.iy lettar of July '/th and caimot imc^'jine hov; I caiiie to call io tiie Briti.sh '.ojirnnnist rai^y.
i.y only inteyrtion in referriri-- to T^ublicity lor youi-» ne:ct boolc was to su:.,,9Gt tliat it mi, iVG ue iieluful to do very inuch v/hct youyo'n-solf saj-'est -- uainaly, to a.r--ö.x}ge tc.ctrully for it to^ beconie knovnthat xL-^ d^jJ tAvoolAi: does not coustituta your final v/ord on the üb je et of l.^ar:-: ai'id Llar::isia aii^ Chat another boolc iviL-'.y follo-w'. X aiu sorry if my lef.sr made it appear th;:.t v/e had aiiythiij^- iuo^*e specific than this in jidnd.
. ,• . , ,i'- Youi's si-icerely,
I \.w lu^uJLtM
i
DIRECTORS:- HAMISH HAMILTON (Mönoging Director). D.W.BROOAN.
I
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TELEPHONE. MUSEUM 0828. TELEGRAMS: HAMrSHAM,WESTCENT, LONDON. CABLES: HAMISHAM, LONDON.
Hamish Hamilton Ltd.,
90.Great Russell Street. London. W:C. i.
• 7th July,
19^7.
Leopold Schwarzschild, Esq., 225 East 57th Street, New York, 22, N.Y. U.S.A.
Dear Mr. Schwarz schild,
Hamilton is on the Continent at the moment and so I am writing to acknowledge your letter of June 3' th, First may I say how delighted I was to hear that your health has so much imnroved since we met last year. We had a number of letters from Max Perkins reporting your progress. It is sad to think that he himself will not be there to see the book you are now planning and of whlch you write so interestlngly.
The point you make about your book vindicating anti-Marxian Socialists and members of the British Coinmunist Party in particular is a most valuable one ., and v/e sha 11 certainly do everything we can to draw the attention of the British critics to it in our advance publicity etc. The jacket is printing this week but I hope that there is just time to hold it up and insert a fev; lines in the "blurb*' before it goes to press, I have no douLt that we can arrange some Publicity at publication time about your plans for a second book; any further iniormatinn you can give US about this will be most welcome.
■i
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(Over
DIRECTORS-HAMISH HAMILTON (Monogmg Director), D.W. BROOAN.
I i
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. 1 , ' . ♦ i
With all best wishes,
Yours sincerely,
lujKJtJUA
Roger Machell
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TELEPHONE. MUSEUM 0828. TELEGRAMS. HAMISHAM, WESTCENT, LONDON. CABLES: HAMISHAM, LONDON.
Hamish Hamilton Ltd.,
90.Great Russell Street, London. W: C.i.
9th July, 19^7. Leopold Schwarzschild, Esq., 225 East V7th Street, New York City 22, U.S.A.
Dear Mr. Schwarzschild,
Your previous article was puhllshed in 'H'Jorld Review**.: it v;as placed thero by ourselves and not by an a';ent, as things turned out. So we have sent the Karx article to the same publication, which is a ejood one, and ivrill let you Pnow what happens.
I am glad to say we were able to catch the Jacket of THE ?ED PRUSSIAN in time to incornorate some additi'inal descrlptive material on the lines of your letter of June 30th.
Yours sincerely,
'
) M^ U>^a^*xJi^
Roger Machell
DIRECTORS:- HAMISH HAMILTON (Monogmg Director), D.W.BROGAN.
TELEPHONE. MUSEUM 0828. TELEGRAMS. HAMISHAM,''ÄrESTCENT, LONDON. CABLES: HAMISHAM, LOKDON.
Hamish Hamilton Ltd.,
90,Great Russell Sti-eet, London /W C.i.
9th July, 19^7. Leopold Schwarzschild, Esq., 225 East 57th Street, New York City 22, U.S.A.
Dear Mr. Schwarzschild,
Your previous article was published in "World Review"'.: it was placed there hy ourselves and not by an a^^ent, as things turned out. So we have sent the Karx article to the same publication, which is a good one, and will let you know what happens .
I am glad to say we were ahle to catch the jacket of THE T^ED PRUSSIAN in time to incorporate some additional descriptive material on the lines of your letter of June 30th.
Yours sincerely.
Roger Machell
DIRECTORS -HAMISH HAMILTON (Monoging DIrector), D.W. BROOAN.
. a • • '»
i
Leopold Schwarzschild
225 East 57th Street
New York 22. N. Y.
November, 10, 47 •
Mr» Lester Merkel: yhR T^Qv/^York- Times <^a£azln^ 22TW7U3. Str. Nev; York
Dear Mr# Merkel:
I am glad you heard^ni^ ^^^^^ about my piece^ 'As to the Memorandum of A.H.S., I agre^zriaV a lot of additio- nal points could have he.en touched# But the one mentioned in the memorandum did TfiSiaSJfiy belong to my IM^TjefeA, e#g.: How was the UDrisinf? sta^eifi?^ hi^jy Ao I thlnk ittp part ift>>>th^>>^
II
ovonta waj oonoidsnablo/ ^^ 0 do ^ ^h^ ^U ^^ ^i^^u^f ^ fl^. ^f^/ C4>^ iH> 04^ c^i^4W4^4U<e defree 4? i^eA^tAtjt ^ ^ /^f^^^^u Bta>- ^ /«c . xiAQ^ 1 ^ ^>vi^ ^1 ^o ^-n^^i^ ^o^tho Coflgtltuont Ag- ^'
f the Russians were pro-
^^ s of study fQi^fid_a,hlnt
e motivated by a'^ÄxBÖc^re;:^
that the pi was fully codsciou^ of zarist past and blt^ demo- ienin himself was compel- Russia was now^-9,Q, be« • '^the freest, the most advanced country of
^^4X ö i ^^^ ^^^^ dif f ere.
j^^^^ \ led to repeatedly concede that
/*^^ VfitfaLJüteafea^ ''^he freest, th , ._
J^f^^^^^M^YiQ world^ (Collect. Works Vol XX, Book I, p. 98 and l^J^ m4f%M^ol. XXI, Book I, p. SU) /T^7:;^r7ejia^^Ä
the oth
it s
lotDe forff:
yJthat the Czarist He^ime in it^s last fifty years had/gra*^,.-^ ^ dually ^i'iil JTTrnPgasln^'lse liberal ized it^s laws and methods.
I
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l-^ein^ still backward by Western Standards, it had neverthe- / less put an end to most of the rem^fS»»^ of mediavalism. Com- pared with conditions of today/-- and not onJ^y in Rusoia - the last Czarist decades were simply bathed with liberalism. Trial by jjiry was established. In the Duma the liberal, bourgeois Opposition parties were very strong; there were Socielists, even Bolsheviks , end the deputies enjoyed im- munity. There was a Socif^listiipress, including the Bolshe- vi8/"»«Pravda" in St. Petersburg. And let me quote from notes / I made some years ago;43ftep quootioning> au uld Doliiihi^'vik
Prisons: Special regime for political convicts. Must not work. Have clean cells (•»Camera"), Entitled to an^orderly* doing all the clearj^imi^yjfor them. Can have bookp, p8r)ers as much as they want to, even sent from libraries. Call it "University". (A few hundred political prisoners existing at a time)
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November, 11, 47t
Mr* Lester J^nrkol
The Uevr York Times Uei7az4ne
229 Wt 43*Str
Nev/ York
Dear Wr» I^^rkel:
0
piece.
I nn pled you heard some nice thiac^^s about my
As to the MenoranduD of A^IUS*, I a^ree, of courRe, thnt a lot of a^^ditlonpl polnts could have beon tou- ched. But the ono nentioned In the riemorandun dla not strict- ly belonr to my thera, e.fr.i How v/eg tho uprisla^ iJtoRed? And I do not think that tho uprisinf^ ol Nov* 1917 can to riny oonaldorabln der:rec be Intjrpretcd es a ponth'amous ro- ection to the cruelties of the dofunct Czarlat systori» In thlr^y yonrs o^ 5^tudy I havo not founa vny sirn tnct ovon «n^on ' t.hose 25^^ v/hlch voted fOT the Dolshoviks this belated resentMent vf^.r. a motlvatia- forco* It rathor soerns that tho people, irjcludlnr- the Boloheviks v/aa fully consciouc of the vaat ölfr^r-inoa batv/aen tho C:5ariiit past and it*s donocrf- tic prenaent» /3efore the Novenber Lonin hlT^solf v;as coripol- lad to ror^eeüodly oocrddetlint lUiayi^. v/ao nov; ♦*thc^ freeat, the most advanced countiy ol' the vvorlci** ( Collect» V/orks Vol XX, nook I, p. 93 and 153* Vol XXI, Rook I, p. >^4)
r'oreover, It should not be forrotton that the Czarlnt Kevine In itT^s last fifty years had becone lese and loa<^ cruel, Tt had Pirnduall;^'' libprol.lzod It'c lov/o end methods. Heinp still backwerds by Western Standards, It had neverthele9.s Dut an nnd to nost of tho rernindors of nedie- vallsn. Corpared wi'ch conditionr> of todey, the lat^t Czariat decnde?? v/^re alnpl;- bathed vvlth liboraliar:* Trial by jtiry was eatabllnhod. In tho Duna the llboral, boiirrooi.s Opposi- tion nart^cs v^.- re v^ry stronp:; th-re wore Soc.ir-^liato, cvcn Bolsheviks, an(i the doputies enjoyed truMinity. Thero v;us a Social in tlo preaa, Includin^ the Polshovirt ••rravda^ in St«.f'etf»r8biirp;# An^; lot ne quote fron notes v/hich I raado son.e yearn aßo:
' y^^go^ss Spooirl rofir.^ for rolitionl convicts* Itont not \4ork. Havo cloan cells (*'Car.era'0 f Kntit- led to an^orn :riy , r^olnr all th'j clernin»^ otc* for then» CaUjfMVd boolca. p.dpera ns nach rs they v;8nt tOj evan aerit. fron liberies. Cell it ^^Univor*^ slty»»» (A few hundred politicel jn'löoners e^^isting at a tlne)
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Bnnlshnont to SJr^orl^^t Kvory exlle lives cora« pHk^ely free in the villnre eiisifrneui to hlrr. and it's x^'lcinlty, Pecelw^eBö monthly allowence f-ron tue Go- verrii'^nti althour^h a snall one. hents ad libitUTit Ro.-^>ns in tho houne of a penoanti or a priest evon of a Dolicenan* CorrHapondonce free, althourh outf^oinf: ard incomin'- lettera are oxnmlnod by the pollco» Aro treatad with difitlnctlon by tho police« Are treatcd v/ith (iintincMon by th^ populntlon, Can roceive books and pepers, A stanoin^^ habit: evory puMlsher in the counti/y nondn copioa of o^ery publica tion to a llst of exiles* ( 1000 to 2000 oxilos at a tinie).
n
n
Tne notion that cruelty prevailed ahould bo cuoliiicd«
Vcry truly yourc
Leopold oohv/ar:'.QChild
( )
o
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PLAIN TALK
ISAAC DON LEVINE, Editor
240 /AADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK 16, N. Y.
June I4th, 1948,
«
Dear '"'r. Schwarzschild?
Thanks for the manuscript which I have tumed over to the translator — a highly competent person and a well-known vnriter. As soon as the translation is in, you will get a copy for approval«
Because oT the lengtti of your manuscript and the translation problem, I have decided to schedule your article for the next issue« In the July number we vdll announce your forthcomin^ review of Churchill' s The Gathering Storni»
A check will be sent to you as soon as the translation is in.
With wärmest regards to Mrs. Schwarz Schild and your seif,
Cordi
IDL:r
Mr. Leopold Schwarz Schild, 225 East 57th Street, New lork 22, N. !•
A Worki of Frttfntn— -America 's Best Defense
i
I I
PLA/N TALK
ISAAC DON LEVINE, Editor
240 AAADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK 16, N. Y.
Mr. Leopold Schwarz schild, 225 East 57th Street, Hew Tork, ä, J.
June 24th, 1948«
i
Dear %. Schwarz echildx
lou will be glad to leam that we have gone over your tnügr outstanding review of Churchill U memoirs and have improved the translation greatly* We will send jrou advance proof s for any minor revisions 70U migbt widi to make«
I do hope that the enclosed check will prove satisfactory* We will take care of the tranalator's fee.
With thanks and wärmest regards.
Sincerely,
lüLir Ol eil
A World of ftt^mtir— Amer/co'« Best Defense
l
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UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
UNIVERSITY PARK LOS ANGELES 7
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BENJAMIN MANDEL 3 101 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE. S. E. WASHINGTON. D. C.
MovemT-er 20, 1944
Iv'r. LeoDold Cclwarzschild
c/o Alfred A. Knopf, Publishers
Hevi York, il. Y.
Dear l^ir:
rir.-.t bv v;ay of introüuction. I am a ccwmthor of "I IVas A Soyiet Forker" bj- Andrew Smith, which you may have read in 1^'^e^7"^;}J^^!;^°"- I had a slight .liare in helning "Uli Cchl^unm with hiß book "This ^eooad ^■ar of IndeWenoe." I am one of the Loci Legion of former Conmxmistc, having beena meaber of the Oentml i:;xecutive Committee of tue Communist Party of t'ie 'Inited States.
I have read yom^ two books "V.'orld in Trance" and "^rlmer of the ^ '^-nia- "ovlc" rith conciderable delight and have reconnendeu them arounc to evPr^- influential person I coiad reach in this city. I know that they have reachec impcrtant persor^s in the State Eepe.rtment, .or example.
It ir. a curinus psychnlr.f.ical fa.-^t that himoi VeingE do not necessaiily car- over the loe.ontJ of one exi^rience into other fields. Thus, for ex- amnle, a omfessor rho ctreesc. .cieutifio thinlcing in his .lassronm xn Ms
^ -i-ic:"r><- thought, rill indorse -.^ouiitless nonEcneic-al appeals issueü by Commlnist front organi.atirmo, rithcut the suchtest effort to make any
scientific st'idy of v.-hat he is iii'.'orsinp-.
It if^ eanilv conceivable tiiat v.hi].e the ioeas you have fom:,nlc.tea in re-a-d to'our 'x?-st mistakes torard Gernany as a totalitarian menace to democracy, .dÜ be fully aopreniated and .mderetood by yonr ^^^^> r. vill not necessarily avoid makiny *he same nistakef: item by i^em, in our relatione tov,ard i\e Coming to+alitarian menaoe, namely tne ^-'^^J^5,^fj^;v and its v/orlchdde Comm,ini6t netvork. In fact re are alre.-.dy maka^tne very
eame mistake.^:.
My thought in v;ritin,r you this letter is to urge you to '^^^^ ^^"^^ shovring the danger of our present oolicy toward the Soviet Union m the lL4 of our nast ex-,erience vith GerT.auy, vdth, of course, all ane rcg.rd ioHhe militluy e.igencie. of the Situation. It looks to r.e - [ ^t^^- has the democ.racies in pav.n, first becau.e of the need ^f^^is military .id as lonp as -itler remaia.: a ner^.^e '.nd then, as soou as tne war i« o^^^, he will threaten n£ v,'ith a proletarian r-evolution renuorec imir.meat by the +hreat of y-idesorend unemployment follo^ing the nrefsent war. In the face of the existing conf-usion regarding the potentialities «^ /^^'^«;^-" Oakp, confusion .nd illusion^s vhioh St.lin oona.iously stimuDxtes while r-roc^eding v-ith hi.s ov-ti nower policy, that there is a real need orsome clear thiriKing as to what the democracies shoulö do to avoid tue p.tf..lls of the past in facing the cm-rent danger.
Vcry truly youi'S, ^ n
j
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Denr Wr. Un^ kell:
Oct^, 20, 19^7
Thia Is the piece ebout the
Nover'!ber ixinlveraaryt
The L;ne;li^'-.h of sono of the Lenin quotaölons ia atrocious.But t^^ey are töken from tho oiTicigl translation^ and I had not the courare to chön^e anything, It Is up to you#
Vory aincerely yours
C'
Leopold 3chv;arzcchild
I
.»t^^tamtmsMu
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1
Dec, 21, 4,8.
Professor Kenrl L. Klescher Chemln du Devln 21
\ ) Sehr ?reehrter Herr:
Besten Dank fuer die üebraendunr: Ihrer intercsannten Studie. Ich beeile mich, Ihnen die Quellen der Lenln-iSltote zu reben, — d.h. die mir im Augenblick am beouemsten zuffaens'lichen Quellen.
(1) "Dpg, worauf es ankönnt lat nicht ..,« Es ist zitiert in Arthur Rosenberß "A Hlstory of Bolshevlsra", p. 103 der anerlk. Ausgabe. Das Orlplnal lat in Vol. XX_ ron Lenin» 8 "Collected Works", amerlk. Ausgabe.
(2) "Die Pflicht, In allen oeffentlichen Auesserun' p-en den Gerner die Schuld zuzuschieben." Aus Lenins Brie- fen aus Flnlnnd, vor den Staatsstreich, an dos kientral- konnittee. In der anerlk. Ausßabe von Lenin» s "Collected Work»" in Vol XXI enthalten.
(3) Dns Geloebnls Lenins, bei anguenstigen Ausgang der Wühlen zur Mationalversammlunr: zurueckzutretea. —
Rede vor den All-Russischen Sovjet-Konpresa, 71 Nov. 1917, D'Ts ^iit?^t ist enthalten in Chanberlln: History of the Russian Revolution; in Kerenaki: The C^af-ification of Li- berty; und an andren Orten. Original wahrscheinlich in
Vol. XXI der Collected Works zu finden.
I
iU) Die Wahlresultate stehen In jeder nlcht-sov jeti- stischen Geschichte der Soviet-Hevolution z.B. in Cham- berllns. Ebenso in David ;?hub»s "Lenin", p. 278 der aner. Ausgabe. ^
I
— 1(5) Das /,itat ueber "Moral" ist aus Lenin. Collected Works, Vol. XVIII, p. 323
"Hoert nicht auf du# die serttiifentalen Winsler*»-
Vol. VJIU p. 316
\ ^"Aufstehen gep-en die uebrige Welt". Lenin-3i«
nowJöv/."\
, ^"Af'alnst the ütream»» in Vol. XVIII. Zitiert auch in Shub: "Lenin", p. 390.
Ich vmerde Ihnen sehr raten, vor Ihrer Arbeit min- destens Beine ?^nrx -Biographie ("The Red Prussian") und — die Shub »sc he Lenin-Biographie zu lesen., sie v.-ordon in beiden eine Fuolle von unentbehrlichen Zitoten kennen
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ff
o
llrrl^:^V'i.^/''''Ü^'' ^'^^ ferner euf zv.-oi Dokuriente ver- oeffentlioht In Trotzi's "On Lenin", p. 74 u. 77. ent- haltend des fundenontale Die tun: "The Bolsheviks will creote a rovernrent v/hich aobody will be oble to ovor-
Rs rruesst Sie, sehr f-^eehner Herr Professor
mit vorzuegl icher Hochachtung *
Leopold Schvvarzschlld
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CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
PUBLISHERS
597 FIFTH AVENUE
NE\(^YORK 17 N.Y.
October 15, 1947
Dear Mr. Schwarzchild:
We have given a lot of thought and discussion to your proposed book on the communlst war co«ex and we are all agreed that you can make it a streng and valuable plece of work. We can be sure of it6 quality but, of course, we can- not be sure of its sale, and from a practical point of view, there is the added difficulty that the expense of transla- tion places a heavy plant cost on the book. The best terms we could possibly propose would be an additlonal advance of $1,000. There is already a one-thousand-doHar advance against yovir next book.
We shoxild like to stipvilate that the book is not to exceed 75,000 words in length, and that the manuscript is to be in our hands by April 1, 194ß. I think you will agree that both length and time of publication are parti- cularly important in the case of this book.
Will you let me know, please, whether we can go ahead with the contract on this basis.
Sincerely yours,
Burroughs Mitchell
mziM
Mr. Leopold Schwarzchild
I I
CANADIAN INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
NATIONAL SECRETARIAT
230 BLOOR STREET WEST
TORONTO 5
February 21, 1946*
Leopold Schwarzchild , Esq., c/o Alfred A. Knope, Inc., 501 Kad ison Ave . , New York 22, N.Y.
Dear Sir:
The Toronto branch of the Canadian Institute of International Affairs would be honoured to have you as its guest Speaker on one of the following dates,
(1) Monday, April 29
(2) Tuesday, April 30
(3) Weeks of Monday May 20 or 27, preferably. on Monday.
* As you may know, the Candian Institute is devoted to
research and public education work in the field of internation- al affairs. It is affiliated with similar institutes through- out the World, particularly the Royal Institute of London and the Institute of Pacific Relations« The Institute as such is non-politi cal , and its membership is a representat ive cross- section of Canadian opinion.
The Toronto branch meetings generally commence with dinner at 6.15 p. m.; followed by the speaker's address and a discussion period. Proceedings are conducted in an inform- al atmosphere and are kept strictly conf edent ial •
The branch will undertake to pay your travel and hotel expenses, New York - Toronto and return. Connections are most convenient.
The subject of your address of course would be in line with your writings, particularly your latest book which has been read with great interest.
We hope that you will give this invitation favourable consideration*
Sincerely yours,
HIN:vf
Harold I. Nelson,
Inf ormati on Secretary.
Leopold ochwarzsc:tiiii
Juiy^ '.> 47
The Edltor of the ^lievi Kepubllc"
Hew York
Dear Slrt
In his revle* of mj book "Tlie Re«! Prur: ian"^ Mr* Frederic Werthaa^ havirg bran^led as nn ^exMr pl» ^^ of my untruthful ^*. cthods" my re: ark that iarx took only ^' a certain anäurit of intorest^* in the American tlvil v.ar^ prorce<^lr to /täte the truth an rolxOv.st
"Actualiy^ both karx and Kn^els toox nn i. tensg In- tern >'t iii tue civil ..>»r; they v.rott. a trc^iti^ae on it and i^.RTX sent a iiossage tp Llr^coln <hich the latter aÄftv.f.red In the fri irLoh. t t^ri^s". I trust you 111 prrmlt ivj^ to rpply — e »imlly as an exeiuple to the f.ctual as ;^irtlons of thi3 statei^.^.it»
1.) i:vLVX an«1 Kur^. is n^ver >rot- a troriti^^e on tho A^rerican ClTll IdiT. A voiumo, reo. ntly pubilsüed i;. t' .1 ' cougtry aivl ;uite misleadlnKly eiititleu "^The Civil ar In Aiiwrlcn* ßjrjjrrrx and Frec^lc Engels" l3 a m^re co:*3pllatlon of 107 dlf ^erent mä uncoü ^:!Cted ut- terances üf the tvwo authors^ i,*ost oi^ th.ra a^^attcrca o-lv tli: Ir letters«
£•) The »»rcessage to Lincoln^ waf not conceriKd ^Ith the Ci- vil ftar^ bat ^Ith congr .tulailig hl., on his r //lactlon i.u Toveraber 16l.|^ — ffi.iny months aftcr th< Civil ?;ar h^ic», enC^rA^ loroover, it was a mei^-.age not of i^arx^ b-.ii oT the •.ien-- ral Council of th/ First International^ and iiarx« contribution to it^s 500 words consis^^d solely^ accorclln to his ovn report to ng^ls (jec. : , Ico .)^ of »^the ]^aseolagy to hlch this sort of scrlb: llng l3 r* stricte d^^^
3») The <?.nsver to thls ms sage w^s sign «d — and ?vhat is moref wor'ied — nc^t by Lincoln^ but fcy Charles FrHncis P.iams^ Auiori- can Aabassador in Iiondon.
I*<opold oohT?i;r;rq^.h4 1 ^
Since xn^^HwÄtion of whether thls ans^ver ^i^s hrli in ^the
fri<3ndlit-3t tt riaa- or hethor it wui. not i\. th-r a sollte rc ul(e^
transcends tht- sphere of facts and enters that of opinion^ I feel
not entitl d to touch it hore^ altliough I have do a. it ii* a^ book»
Truly yours
Leopold Schwär 2sc^^ Id
/
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READERS DIGEST
PAUL PALMER . Senior Editor
JImanmkMY.
15 December 1947
Dear Mr» Schwärt zschild:
As a dellghted reader of your last two books and an admlrer of your wrltlng ablllty, I have long wanted to have a chat with you in the hope that we mlght arrange for you to write something for The Reader' s Digest* Would It be convenlent for you to come to see nie sorae day at tny apartment in New York? If so, will you write or telephone me here at Chappaqua 400? I suggest Thiirsday or Friday, December 18 or 19 as possible days when we might get together*
6Hg-i
OV JtrvJ- .
Slncerely
:s.
{y (XtdJ^ v\-fjyj? lA^ut^JL*!^ I,
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l7
CutSX 0
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1<<^U^^ l^'^>r^^ ^
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March^ 20^ 4^«
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Mr. Paul Palmer
The ?!oi)r!o'^»a Dl^^enb Pleasnntvllla
Dear I'r. ral':er:
I hod B bad oold for quito no^nfj tinO| no thls llttle piece la reachlng you only today«
A3 regerds the supresslon of thc CommuniGt Party in Swltzerlandi I have unfortunately digcovorod that It Is qulte Imposslble tp procura in thls country thc llv<> p?^rt of the Etor/i — no:;ainr not tho stoftutoe, but the flf?ht8^ law sultSi experlencos eto# The New York libr'^rles have no noterlf\l whntnoe^^er oonocrnlnf^ ^vrisn affelrs In the years 1940-^6 , which are the Intorestinß ycftrs* The Sv/log OonsulRte CJeneral Is nov; t^^^lnr: to eupply me from ovor thore with soroe of the relevant nev/papers and rorort^i en<l hpfl pronlpod t^.tiTr for tho n3'^r futuro# But before I have roally ROt them and seen whot they anount to •- cnO 7 nn not too ortlrnistlc -- T feel it would be uaolesa to send you an outline«
In the moanwhlle I am ettachinR an outline of anoth'-^r subjer^t th^t h^a oc^nred to ro and rhloh rriay fit in tho pattern of tho Reader^s Ölpest •
It was 8 pleasure to talk to you ap:8in
and I do hope for nn l'ncore»
Teuro vory truly
)
Leopold Schwarzschild
V
Karoh, 20, 4,8,
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Mr. Pflul Pftlmer
Tho Header* 0 Dlgpest
Pleesentvllle
N
r *
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Melchior Palyi
211 WEST WACKER DRIVE
CHICAGO 6. ILLINOIS
June 7, 1947
Mr. Leopold Schwarzschild c/o Charles Scribner & Son 597 Fifth Avenue New York 17, N. Y.
Dear Mr. Schwarzschild:
Enclosed is a copy of my review of your book as it appeared in the Chicago Tribüne.
Given the limitations of space and the necessity to be very populär and concise, I could not do justice to your very brilliant analysis of
Marx.
You inay not remember that we inet in Berlin many years ago. It would be my pleasure to meet you again on this side.
Yours very truly.
{'
71' n
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Bc&verlake House
•» '
JcJL> X« 17 •
Melchior Palyt
Sil '-est r.^eker Drive - Chicaro fi^ Illinois
Dear Vt. Palylt
has rereal^-d Itself O]
hanks a lot fc^r your 1 ttcv. Your revlev; xt.dc plea«» Ändeed^ Iii thi^ Ccxüu üi.w- &^>liv L^ tw^j^^n tue tvio C€Uöps —
nXyp and onct: r or : it hocnMc clc r to v^iiat l«xter]t th'.' lit.ri.ri fi LI l;i do:/ii-.:.to(^ by tix^ .»'lit:-^X4.V'f e^g* the — pmdo-H^ ral, gi;tl.ll ral el^ eat — - t le: r>t Ir Nev. York, In about 70,> of UiC; i^e^ York i^apt^r» tiit^ m^ji ü^orure to rüpresei^t the — ''book as elth r du-il^ oi cont i; 1. : n- tMn?: n vf^ pr bol. g slraply Irabeclle v.as ralthrully rollOv.eG — a=> v:-.s tu bc; t^iy^^ctodm —
^< Duri.^b' the Suj m ..r I cim ilvlnc lioro in the country. "HlXt In th^ Fr 11 I -h-:l -' 1 1 ri) to JU^v Ycrk/ a..^ uhoil t gicid to häve thi Ov casioi* to .^^ ut yv,u» I bU^^^v-St you caii ue up wiien you CO f to r'evr Yorli* You )i*lll fln'* y -^ires a^ •: t» l^^phoue nuin- ber in tii^^- telei^hou^. book«
Jlijcorely yours
•I oln S c hi^v ar 2: s ch lld
^.READERS DIGEST
KENNETH w. I»AYNE* • Executive Editor
March 15, 1949
Dear Mr. Schwär zschlld:
On hls departure for Europe recently, Mr. Palmar left wlth me your article '^The Unchanging Pattern of Defeat," to which he had attached the coTument "An extraordinary article. Brllllantl But is it for us?" The fact that he asked the question shows that he feared It wasn»t a Digest article, and I«ra afraid my vote has to be regretfully in the negative, too»
I do hope howeveMp^t periodical you find a^flace ful and revealing analysis#
in Life or some other
for this eminently thought
Thanks for letting us see it, and for your patience while we were considering it.
Mr. Leopold Schwarzschild 225 East 57th Street New York 22, New York
Sincerely yours.
Saturday
Dear P»ggy»
I am writlng this in a hurry,so that the
manuscript enclosed may reach you on Simday and can
wlth translatlng it» Start imjiedlately. I do not know, whether I will be
able to copy thc v/hole maDUScrlpt before the mall
Is carrled away. But if not^ the rast will reach you
on Monday.
I 1 iplore you to do a quicK Kork# The thlng should be flnlshed o Priday at the lateat^ and ,please, send It to my New York address» Vally will be there on Saturday and will forward it to its destinatlon* It is not necessary to waste to much work on the style, correctness is what counts most# I dep* nd on you, the dateiine . ust and must be reached* If ani> thing unfore- Seen shauld intervene, pleasc telephon me, collect, undo Shokan fü/t 2^61 •
Thank you and best regards
yoijirs affoctionate
Schwarz Schild
> •
*"*
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
PUBLISHERS
597 riFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK
Sept. 12, 1946
Dear Mr* Schwarzschild:
Thanks for Twriting. I am mightjr glad to hear that you are recovering, but I wouldn't worry too much about the time element« 17e are getting on v;ith all tho rest of the text, and that one chapter oan easily be liandled# I am only eager to see it out of curiosity. So take it easy. IVhon I had what you have, or something similar to it , they told ne it had boen induced by worrying. So don't do it.
I look forward to seeing you around the end of September.
Sver sincerely yours.
Afa^(*^%^
To Mr. Leopold Schwarzschild
«Ml
(
Octobor, 29^ ijbt
J'P# I'oxwoll I-orkina Ohne 3crlbnor*o öons 597 Fifth Avonuo !Jev York
Denr Vvm Perle Ins:
Theoe rr© tho lest polnto \;hlch hnvo $0 to clef>ro(?. up In the ceHey-proofa j
hr»9 to bo oddod»
Proof ^, foot-hote 5, the pere nup.bcr 3i^5
Proof 21, foot-noto 21, the nlooinr ppro nunVor Is Volii-e 2 T)Qf;o Z.?9«
ber l8 3')1«
Proof 21 foot-not© 23 1 tho alsoln{' peco nici-
Proof 7.U\ thr \7ordfl fierked by foot-notc 12 hfivo to he chnnped fror, "a prlaon" into "o policc and glrve .'^tpteg And to the f o->t-noto 12 lies to be pdüedi ^aro
Proof 7ß» foot-note 79: tho r.loslnc dato lo 'le^tonbor ?6*1P56
Proof 97: onproxijiptoly 4t tho nldcl© of tho proof Rure ond his oxpreooion "q prlson" Is roporjtod. Tili;! too hes to to Gabctilutcd by "a po}.lce end clox'c otcte".
I Qin looklnc: fon/nrd to ooo you on rriclcy#
Vory slncerely yours
Loopolc^ 3chv;ors3chlld
b1 4
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CHARLES SCRIBNERS SONS
PUBLISHERS 597 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK 17, N.Y.
May 1, 1947
Dear Mr. Schwarzschild:
I was delighted to get your letter and to know that vou are feel-
ing yoursolf again.
I'iQ sorry about the error s in your book and v;e'll see that they are corrected in any futiire printing if you'll send the list, which was not enclosed with your iettor.
Ever sincerely yo
To Mr. Leopold Sohv/arzsohild
^%(MdM4t ^e^ecuic^,
INCORPORATED
108 WEST 43rd STREET, NEW YORK 18, N. Y.
March 11, 1946
DVm Leopold Schwarzchild 225 East 57th Street New York, New York
Dear Dr. Schwärt zchlld:
May we have permiasion to reprint for clrculatlon the enclosed passages from your artlcle: "Russia cannot Equal American Productlon," NATION»S BUSINESS, Volume 33, Number 12, December, 1945 •
This materlal Is to appear In the text of a Reference Shelf volume entitled American Capltallsm vs Russlan Comrmmlsm to be publlshed and dlstributed by the H. W. Wilson Company.
Pal Iure to keep this volume in print shall result In the reversion of this rlght and the terminatlon of this perraission, without notlce.
This reprint shall be introduced into the text of this vol-ume with the footnote as indicated.
Cordially, ^*~ Clarence A. Peters
CA? : If Enc«
Telephone: BRYANT 9-3707
QUERIDO VERLAG N.V. • AMSTERDAM
SINGEL 262 ' TELEFON 47674
Mr. Leopold bcliwarzschild 2'iib East i)7 tu. street New York ^2 N.Y.
AMSTERDAM, d en 1 2 . M är z
19 'iö
Lieber öChwarzschild,
So unglaubhaft es tclingt; ich bin Ober die Veränderungen im 13. B.Fischer- Verlag schlecnter orienLiert gewesen als irgend ein anderer. Ais ich Aht' rjig J anuar Nev/ York verliess, war mit Keinem «ort je von einem Vertcauf auch nur die Rede. Ich hinier- liess eine üeneral- /oilmacht - v/ie icn es steLs tat, yena ich von Europa nach .uneriica oüer von Amerika nach auropa reiste- • Dass diese /olLuaCht emts Tages -und zwar imiernalb weniger ..ochen- zum Verkauf meiner Anteile und ijrKlSurung meiner iiesig- nc4.tion als uirektor gebraucht werden wüi-de, vvar für mich Dedtirnmt übeiraschenuer gewesen u.ls für irgendjeÄ ;iaen an:^ers.
Di': 36 v.-eit3Chv;eif igen Ausführungen mache ich nur darum um Ihnen zu ertclären, d:aS3 ich unmiiglich fi'üher o:ier vor meiner .-^brei3e mit Ihnen sprechen oder oie informieren tconnte. Anarerseics v;ill ich sehr aeutlich machen, dass ich aie riurcn meine Kollegen über den Verkauf der Fima getroffenen Lnoscaeidungen unter aen gegebenen ümoiäiuen v^ll una ganz billige und glaube, aass oer Verkauf im oeson^eren cxuch oicn im Interesse uer Autoren sehr
fähige Verleger mit gioüaei- £,i.-j-ciui-uuü uüu. k:l ücuxj-v- 11^»^ «.x^^v-v-j.-. Ihr Interesse an er Veräaierung ist natürlich massig, andrerseits sind bie .;;it einem wichtigen Buch das, v;ie oie wissen, mir stets am lierzen gelegen hat, in aiesem Verlage, wenn ich in i>j.Y. gewesen wäre, hätte ich oie freundschaftlich natürlich rechtzeitig über die Veränaerungen untei-richtet. bo muss^ ich .s leider nachträglich tun und Kann mich nur auf aen Jlunsc n bescnranKen, dass die Ver- äDüerung Ihnen nicht unangenehm ist.
Mit bes uetV urüösen Ihr'^
QUERIDO VERLAG N.V. • AMSTERDAM
SINGEL 262 • TELEFON 47674
Mr. Leopold jcawarzscxiild Ac^b EaoL o7t.n. ötreet NewYork
AMSTERDAM, aen ^6.i«'ebruar i946
Lieber ochwarzscnild,
wie oie wissen, habe ich Ihr Buca s.^t* in i^nglisch gelesen* 6ie hatten air wohl von der Notv^endigiceit erz'clhlt, ein paar Ueber- seLzungen usv;» im deutscnea i'ext vornehmen zu lassen« Ica annce jedücn nicat i,und vielleicnt erinnern L>ie sicn aucn nicnt mehr), dass dieses Manusicript wirklich als virundlage fQr die englische Ausgabe geschrieben war, wo Jeder batz mit englischen vierten durchsetzt ist# Das Buch muss also von A-Z nach Ihrem Manuskript neu geschrieben und getippt werden. Das kostet Zeit und Geld, was beides nicht sehr schlimm ist, denn, selbst wenn bie HAüILroNb Angebot angenommen hätten und im Herbst das Buch in der ochweiz vorbereitet und im winier erschienen wäre, wäre es auf einen unsinnig überfüllten bchweizer Markt gekommen, der in deutscnen Büc'ne m erstickt und in dem das einzeln Buch inf olgeaesc>en sehr massig geht. Ausfuhr in anaere Länder wäre jedoch übernaupt nicnt möglich gewesen. Noch ist kein ocnweizer jbuch in Holland, wo aie besten Verkaufsmöglichkeiten bestehen würden, auch in andere Länder kann aus Devi sengrHnden nicht importiert werden. Durch den Zeitverlust ist also bisher kein Schade entstanden und wird auch vorläufig kein Schade entstehen.
Ifa kann das Buch sehr scnnell herstellen lassen und sofort in alle Länaer exportieren, da wir die nötigen Genehmigungen haben.
'\/i/as die Geldfrage anlangt, so überlasse ich es Ihnen ob oie, da es sich um soviel mehr Arbeit handelt als irgendjemand, aer aas Manuskript in Deutscn nicht gesehen hatte, voraussetzen konnte, die Möglichkeit geben woilen, einen Teilbetraa auf spätere Tantiemen zu verrechnen, weder Zeit noch Geld sind also grosse Probleme. Inaes; ich muss Ihre Zustimmung zur Fertigstellung des deutschen Manuskriptes halben. Schreiben Sie mir also bitte gleich. Kalis Ihnen mein Vorschlag nicht gefällt, machen Sie mir einen Vorschlag, der Ihnen gefällt, denn sie sind der Herr und ich bin der Diener«
Ein Brief von CAHN, der mir für die vor^gesehene Arbeit vorzüg- lich erscheint, füge ich bei.
Herzlicnst, Ihr
I I
April, 1, Ulm
3
Quorldo Ino % 3'^1 Fourth Av,
Hov- York
Cor>r to
Ciuerlflo Vf>rlaR ßinrel ?6? Axnntordftn C ff e thorin ndo
Denr iilrai
Contrnry to our ppreercnt of frny^ 1, 19/.5« I hnve recelvod no copy of tho Dutch odition of «\ orlö In Trf^nco" qik*. I anders tand th/^t the book hro, in fnctp not bocn puMlshed« I olncorely rorrct th^^t you hr»vo not cven in^orrnird dg of thrt ff!Ct anr' It^n ronoonsp and I h'^re^y ank you to roctify thif nltuntlon v;ltJiia one Donth nftor hnvlrv^" rooeivod thc presont not.lcc.
Slnoceroly yours
3
>
LoopoM Sc-h\-'nrr,oc!iil<l
3
^ «B _ . • .^.-. •.»*-«.— "»n ««-.^ » ^ .• . -
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April 3, 1947
Itt^t
Mr. Beopold Schwär zsohlld 225 £ast 57 th Street New York 22, N.Y,
Lf ^^
Dear Mr« Sohwarzschlld:
We received your letter of April Ist. We did not write to you before, beoause it had no sense to trouble you with publisher^s diffloultiea in Holland and knowing 4;hat the^Dutch edition of WORLD IN TRANCE would be publlshed aV^Ee earliest poasible raoment. v
The Situation is that the Netherlands Bank does not ,^give a license to publish a bock before they give a lioense *o_Pfty the author*s royalty advanoe. Tt» Netherlands Bank gives a few licöüses every month and it happened that BOUCHER had hls license for PRIMER OF IHE COMING WORLD^e f ore affillatea received their lioense for WORLD IN TRANCE, As far as I know today we did not yet get permission to publish WQBBD IN TRANCE in Holland.
However, the book had been translated and printed and is being offered to the Dutoh booktrade now. I will write to Mr. Landshoff today to find out when publioation of «BRELD ONDER HYPNOSE will take place. By the way, yourbook^ is not the only victim of difficulties in Holland; we have the same setback with about 12 other American books.
Sinoerely youra,
QUERIDO, INC. M.E.H.Warendorf
■»— I ■ -■
\%
X
QUERIDO VERLAG N.V. • AMSTERDAM
SINGEL 262 • TELEFON 4897s
Herrn Leopold Schwarzschild, 225 East 57th Street, New York 22, N.Y.
den 10. Juni 1947
Lieber Schwarz sohild,
Ich bin völlig ratlos über Ihren eingeschriebenen Brief vom 18.Mai,den ich infolge Abwesenheit von Amsterdam erst heute beantworten kann. Ich habe die deutsche Ausgabe von "W#ild in Trance" vertraglich von Ihnen erworben, -^ie Herstellung ist unter ungeheuren Schwierigkeiten und Kosten beendigt. Die deutsche Ausgabe ist in der ganzen ^Velt angeboten. Das Buch ist in unseren Prospekt aufgenommen, und die Versendung des Buches ist bereits in die Wege geleitet. Weder sehe ich eine Ursache, noch habe ich eine Möglichkeit, den Verkauf des Buches zu stoppen.
Da ich in meiner 20- jährigen iirfahrung als Verleger niemals einen Autor ge- gen seinen Willen halten wollte, bin ich gern bereit, über die i'reigabe der deutschen Rechte, die voii Ihnen vertragsgemäss für die Dauer der gesetzli- chen Schutzfrist erteilt waren, zu unterhandeln. Ich bin in den ersten 3ep~ tembertagen in Nev/ '-^ork, und wir können dann freundschaftlich diese -Angele- genheit behandeln. Der Verkauf der ersten -Auflage kann jedoch durch die Un- taiiandiungen nicht betroffen werden.
Im übrigen muss ich Ihnen wirklich sagen, dass ich den Inhalt Ihres Briefes nicht verstehe. Ich habe unmittelbar nach meiner ersten Rückkehr nach Europa (vor etwas mehr als einem Jahr) in voller Übereinstimmung mit Ihnen die nö- tigen Schritte zur Publikation Ihres Buches getan. Ich kann an Hand von Un- terlagen bev/eisen, dass mit der Herstellung des Buches zu dem von mir Ihnen mitgeteilten Zeitpunkt im letzten Jahr begonnen ist. Ich habe mit der besten Druckerei gearbeitet. Dass die Herstellung ein Jahr gedauert hat, ist ausser- ordentlich betrüblich. Unter den gegenwärtigen Verhältnissen ist das leider keine Ausnahme. Die letzte Schwierigkeit entstand bei der Binderei, die 5 Monate für ihre Arbeit nötig gehabt hat. Die ersten Bände haben mich nicht befriedigt. Ich habe sie zurückgewiesen und kann Ihnen daher auch jetzt erst Ihre Freiexemplare zugehen lassen. Im Übrigen lasse ich eine Liste zusammen- stellen mit den genauen Daten über den Hersteilungsprozess. Diese Liste laaeeich Ihnen im Laufe der nächsten 'Voche zukommen, ^le v/ird Ihnen bewei- sen, dass wir ohne jede Unterbrechung an der Herstellung des Buches mit al- len Kräften gearbeitet haben. Ich würde grossen Wert darauf legen, von Ihnen eine nähere Erklärung zu erhalten, was 3ie zu Ihrem Brief vom i8*Mai veran- lasst hat, da ich - wie ich Ihnen bereits im Eingang meines Briefes versi- cherte - völlig ratlos Ihrem Schreiben gegenüberstehe.
Mit besten GrUssen ^.^ — ^tets Ihr
/
>\^-1 -^ w
ty »
F.H. Landahoff
I
o
October, 20, 4ß«
Mr. Philip D. Reed Chaimrn of the Board GenerBl Electric Company 570 Lexlnfrton Vt Nev/ York i **
Dear Sir:
Congressmon Clifford P# Cese has told rne of his conversetion with you^ in the course of which he roentioned my name« It is on his initiative thet I am pivlnr you sone data about myself • I hopvr thio letter v;ill reach you before you leave for Europa.
I v/83 born in 1891 in Frankfurt on Main, and studied economics in Gernany. There I founöed and cdlted, in eddition to two other perlodicals, the leading eco- nonicöl v;eekly of the country, the »»Ivtepazin der Wirtschaft^ Fron 1933 tili to the occupation of France in 19^0 I livod In Pnris, and there, and in Anntordan I piiblished my weekly, the ^Neue Ta^^ebuch'^. In 1940 I have settled here*
()
^ j li. . I have written three politico-eco-
nonic - ,•♦. )rld in Trpnce^ { A.A.V/ynn), ••Priner
of thi , ' :.:. WoinLcI»* ( A.Knopf) and ••The Red Prussian. The Lii J Lebend of Karl Marx** (Charles Scribners
Sons) — '^translations of v.hich hnva been published in many languages. Fron time to tine I an writinr articles for Anc:j*ican prjpors, for instance •*The Neiv York Times Magazine*' and the USA Chamber of Comr:erce*8 monthly. SoTie months ar;o your River Works asked re for pereils- sion to reprint one of then in a bulletin for their supervisory personnel.
Koro data could be ad^^ed, and also more about thp scope of my experience and knovledre in tho field of theoretical and practical Econonics. But I suppose you will appreciate that the idea of sellinp: nyself Is kind of embarrassinr for ne# I rather refer to the copy of my ♦♦Red Prussian** I take the pleasure to send you — nore correctly: to it^s jacket containinr sone further infornation. I have only the British edition at band — thus, if the jacket calls me a ♦♦literal'*, ploase notice thnt this is neant in the tine-honoured british, not in the cu ent American sense.
Looklnr forward to henr fron you, I an
Very sincerely yours
GENERAL
ELECTRIC
COMPANY
V^
I
GENERAL ELECTRIC BUILDING ÖZO LEXINOTON AVE . AT öl^r ST . . NEW YOHK 22 , N . X.
PHILIP D. REED
CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD
t
'
October 21, 19/^8
Mr. Leopold Schwarschild 225 East 57th Street New York 22, N. Y*
Dear Mr. Schwarschild:
llr. Peed ie leaving for Europe tomorrow and will be tied up in Board meetings until the time of his departure. He therefore asked me to thank you for your letter of October 20th and the accompanying copy of your book, *^The Ped Prußsian", and to advlse you that he haß forwarded both to Dr. Theodore 0. Ynterra, Pe- search Director of the Committee For Economic Development, at Chicago.
due
I am sure you will hear from Dr. Yntema in course.
Very truly yours,
Howard Aclcland Office of Mr. Philip D. Peed
l
Giuseppe R 0 C C
T r i e 8 t e Via R» Zovenzoni 1
Trieste, den 14* November 1947*
An die
Redaktion '•WEir.VOCHE^
Zürich.
Ich greife ziirück auf Ihre gefl* Zuschrift vom 28* Juli l*Js., Zeichen »'db", um Sie, im Hinblick auf die im Aufsatze "7*XI. 1917-Bilanz einer Illu- sion" von Leopold Schwarzschild enthaltenen stich- haltigen und unwiderlegbaren Argumente (Weltwoche Nr #730 vom 7*1 1 -d^M. )höfl* zu bitten, mir dessen üebersetzung ins Italienische und dessen Veröffent- lichung in einer der hiesigen Tageszeitungen ö^- statten zu wollen.
Ich darf Sie versichern, dass seine Divulgation gerade in diesem Augenblick besonders hierorts sehr erwünscht wäre iind viel zur Abkühliing über- hitzter Köpfe und erregter Gemüter beitragen könnte*
Und nachdem alle Bemühungen, die Proletarier eines besseren zu belehren, von allen Seiten unterstützt werden sollten, so rechne ich diesmal mit Bestimmt- heit auf Ihren annehmenden Bescheid*
Es erübrigt sich besonders zu erwähnen, dass die Pubblikation erwähnten Aufsatzes im Einklänge mit den in der »'Weltwoche" abgedruckten Bedingungen erfolgen würde*
Ihnen im Vorhinein für Ihre Liebenswürdigkeit wärmstand dankend^ zeichne ich mit
chtung: r — c
üglicher H
l "
/
/
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January^ 21 , 46
Mr# Gulaeppa Rocco
Tr legte
Via R. Zovenzonl 1
Sehr geehrter Herr Rocco l
Ihr Brief vom November 14t «^ die •'Weltwoohe^ In Zuerlch wurde an mich welterf^eleltet und Ist eben hier angelconunen« Nun^ Ich habe nichts (];e^en die Uebersetzuni;^ meines Artikels ^7$ Xl, 1917 - Bilanz einor Illuölon*^ In^s Italienische und dessen Abdruck In einer Trleater Taf^eszeltung^
mt bestem Gruss Ihr
Leopold Schwarzachlld
c
/
Mspr* Fulton J* Sheen Catholic üniversity Waöhinfrton D.C.
April 30,19A9
Dear Sir;
As I have noticed, you hevo reed my rocent Merx-biography "The Hed Prussian^'# This^I hope, will help to attrect your interest to the idea 1 am goinfü to talk of«
In my opinion — and opinion is an Under- statement— morep and more important tiiin.^s about Marxian and post-j:arxian Ä'.arxism nre unknov/n Jihan are Icnown* Deductions are the uaual niethod of bringing to lif^ht the true meaning and conaequences of thoir notions, aims, and practices« öut much more robust evid mce is existing* The sources are frau^^ht with an enormous mass of most authentic behind-the-scene- material — connistinp: of conf io-ntial letters, conirnentS| Orders, cont^Dvorsie3,activities, and elu- cidatinß quite conclusively alraost every i|(deolo.ö;icel and political aspect of the matter — but this materi;^! has remained <piAm»YTfcwTi buried tili today» It has never been dug out and used# >^nd that is not even so surpri- 31107, es it seems to be# 9o percont of the relevant literature has been ^v-ritten by Iwerxists which in itself explains a ^ood cieal* And in countrie.s like the U*S«A#, moreover, practically all critics had to denend on transletions, and the most revealing sources have never been translated«
It is my dosire to unfold this material in ö number of lectures before an audience to which it TP.ipht mean somethia^; in universitieSpf or inst:mce# And I thou.^ht of yours. If you think the idea vorth- vvhile and feasible, I vvould like to talk it over v;ith you. I can como to v^ashin.p;ton practically f^ny day, and at Short notice, nnd ^vould be glad, and feel honored, if you accordod me an interviev;, no matter v;hen and v^rhere»
Thank you in advance#
Very sincerely yours
Leopold 3chv;erzschild
Ullas Sheps
306 West 75th Street
Hew York, N.Y*
^
'^ »/
■•:^s.
July 1, 1946
Edltor
Magazine Sectlon New York Times New York. N.Y,
Dear Sir:
In an artlcle, "Slx Delusions About ßermany," whlch
appeared in the magaÄlJ3ß..,.aößti5gL t^*^ t^^ Tlmetsr
of October 1, 1944, (ScLiiBQpoTd Schwär tzchil^^
that Karl Marx condemned paclf icism and acclaimed the
Oerman war of 1864 a^alnat Denmark in alnost Hitlerite
words«
I tried in vain to find that statement in the writings of Karl Marx* May I ask you, sir, to advise me how and where I can find lt#
Thanklng you in advance, I remaln
■
Slncerely yours, Ellas Sheps
\
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TIME
INCORPORATED
TIME & LIFE BUILDING
ROCKEFELLER CENTER
NEW YORK 20
EXECUTIVE OFFICES
April 18, 19^7
Mr. Leopold Schwarz schild 225 Epst 57th Street New York 22, IT.Y.
Dear Schvra.rzschild :
T am somev/here in the middle of your "book, vhich I received yesterday — far enoiigh to let you knov/ without delay thsit I think you have written a perfectly superli and, very likely, definitive volume on the subject .
Miich i«( Bn aT)ToroT)riate occasion to teil you how hB.vTjy I v/ass to hear from the Folgars that you jiave ^ractically recovered . You haven^t heard from me for quite s while because I knftv; hov; annoyed you were by this idiotic c?icknes<^ and v/ould, na.turally, resent an intrusion. Bat nov/, rs you are feeling so mach "bettpr, I would love to see you soon a^ain.
Cnce more, ccnp^ratulations cn the exquisite accomT^lishment .
k*
Sincerely yours, William S. Schlamm
vixii öciixBna :
V
her«, I »11 :e dtjxif-itwi to cai.4. you Uy ..a. .-äü au
-In th-* ttorjnwJiite, tha-ksr-n loiT" f or yrtiu- klivJ vord-i
At^lvu aus dtiT Br&iicii».,«iia tit« »uch tit« :.iore I aict ai;j.rt»c*ati. thbiu.Aa-, yo.i sui'.:!^- woui-? Consiu^ii w« nypoc.lticai ir l «ai'ia't ..«•;:t.ion that t ntovcr you
"05 r
bo highiy v.ci.cox4fc. A.- to th-. thlrcs thj^t catj be a^arie ar^iaat it,tiicrc ;iixl probebly bc no 1 c* i thcr.- ,
V ly «:nc.trely :. .»urs
.■>■!*>
July, 5, 4V
Mr, Villi -m S. Schlamm The Time Lagazine 9 Hockef eller Plaza Ne> York
Dear Mr. Schlämmt
I am feeling the iirge of writlng an article of a klnd nhlch ^Ight Just 11t to tlicj luagazine you are pregn'^nt with, ai.d per- haps to non*^ eise. So I ftsk you hov. you/ iik the Idea I am going toToutUnc. antl v.hether tiie birth of the paper can be expectod as early as Uoreuber. For my piece eoul<l be called "Lesrjons of the Koveib^r" — echoln^ thi title of a Lenin tr^atise — aia it would be hooked to the oth ai;v;i'.. /siry of th^' Pstrograd coup d'etat of 1917 *hich is likeli to becoii.' a i.xii- t noisy afiatr,
I intend to di:tiil from the atory of tnc event step by Step a sort of t^rst toxt.ook of the i..ain p>«incipi-s and tech- nlcuea v.hxch J^enin used preparing a A accoM-^liäliing the seizure of po-er,(and sinco thai. tiiue XM:vei failed to reappear in dilierent \ariotations and grauuationi. wiur/ew-r Co . uwi-ts strue.l<- for po^ver). Aiüoag the f«i<Aur*.s •. hich . ill «^tM-rge are tn^ sei
Tho notion of th. iiiipossibility of e er leing in- stalled by the "will of th people (in thi; c.se confisrned ty the elections to the Con;>tituent A^jü.ubly ou ilov. i:5.)# a-^^i tixerefore aimlng fiou the very outs.-t ät jeizing po er by ariuvd usurpatiion,
The notion that evoruthin+3' depen.ed pf gettlng tk# aupuort by wnatever . eanü 01 so;..^ i^ilitary forcos aw.l oI neutraly- zink any possibi*^ lüilltary counter-forc«^ -- tVi.- Hi^^ans Deiug in this caie the device of charming tlv. soldi rs by orge.nliing and protecting the refusal of Lisatz-conting üts to l^ave for the front and mass desertion from the front.
The technl ue of bannlng fron tho general Propa- ganda nearly aU specifically co .. unist ▼le..« and doctrincs, ana harpiiLg instead nearly excluaivoly on the siaplest day-to-day sub- Jects of populär diasatisfaction — in this case pr .ferentiaily the war-tiae »carcity of food, dothing etc.
The tt^chnique of preparing and executing the putch not under the firm of the Co unist Party, but und er the coyer of a -Eore populär "front" — In this case of the Petrograd Soviet, sup- posedly th organ of an all-party coalition.
\
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Jixly, 19, 47.
Mr* William S. Schlamm CO» Time Magazine Rockefeiler Center New York
Dear Schlamm:
Thank you for yoiir letter of July 10. I don't think that the November date is of great importance. The piece will be the same, whether it uses as a starting point that anniversary or anything eise. It can, for instance,/i^/ by referring to the recent Communist coups and stating that all of them were executed by means of a number of stratagens stemming from the prototype of 1917u
When the idea of that piece ocjirred to me, I j#rem^ered what you once told me: that you were chiefly interested in articles of a type not fitting to the pattern of the other magazines. Well, I thinlk that my subject is, in fact, too anal^ylical for the Standard papjlers. I would^nt c^iisider it a sviggestion apprppriate for anyone of them, anaj^^hear fro^i you that the idea appeals to you I wouldn^t take to writing that piece at all.
Witt) best regards yours
Leopold Schwarzschild
Novonberi 5$ Ul^
)
Mr. V.illlnn S. Schla Tlne tf. Life Building «ookefeller Center New York 20
Denr Mr. Schlnrnn:
I hnvr annlyzed tho vrholA codex of St, Marx, -;f Tronin pnc» St. Stulln concernlnr wer — and It ia sen- aetionaUv nore conHlstent, frank and ooarse "war-noa^erinc" ?han reoile know. I would like to preaent thio codex In •aife" o?^Fo?tuAe% -ivlnfr the floor alost exclr.oively fcsflo three rodheods e.p. to authentlc quotations, vol^-ed toreShe^J^nh not '.oro tLn the inllöpcnaible cor.ent.
Slnce the warr.onrer propa^^anaa iß not like- ly to disaT.T,0Pr. tho aub.lect will ronain ».aktuell". Itcould alno he linked to the UN-condeicn^ition ol "all f"^" J^^]^^° ";'.nda oncournrinr breachea of tho peace or acta of a^- iTT.«c,qion" — for in order to meet this resolution Rusaia Ce^ns nov oblir^ted to acrnt) a lot of it»s holy scriptures. Iven thrtitio of the ptecr could Do« »Troparancla cacoui-a- rlnr a'-ta of o^'rresslon« — in Quotation norks.
3
Do you like tho Idea?
Slncerely yours
^
Leopold schvrarzschild
\
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y
TIME
INCORPORATKO
TIME ft LIFE BUILDING
ROCKEFELLCR CENTER
NEW YORK 20
EXECUTIVE OFFICES
November 12, 19^7
Mr. Leor)old Schwarz echild 225 East 57th Street New York 22, N. Y.
Lear Mr. Schwarz schild:
Many thaii<s for your letter of l^ovember 5»
As usual, your iiea is jouriU'listically splendid. But It is rather difflcult for me to say whether LIFE or FCRTITNE would jump at it as a mere idea. If I passed it on to them in this state, I am afraid they mlght "be somewhat "bearish. The trouhle is that hcth map-azines (mainly LIFE) have lately concentrated so rauch on the rascals that they have begun to worry about their journalistic effectiveness ; and^for this reason, discoura^e rather than ehcourage projects in that ar(=>a. But thous-h they are a hit self-conscious that they might be overdoing and raight be gettin^ one-sided, they can of course be expected to appreciate the quality of a finished product,
I know that it is very difflcult for you to commit yourself to such a substantial piece of work withont a f^iarantee that it will be dep^ndably 7?ut to the use you have in mind. 3ut in case you vanted to do this piece anyway, I would be delighted to submit it to LIFE or to FCRTUITE — in the serious hope that the finished product would sweer) them off their feet.
You haven't heard from me of late because I resolved to stop boring you with explanations of why the new ma^zine hasn't yet appeared. This hsra^ssing ptidCe of stalling mierht be over soon^and one of the first men to be apprcached then for greatly desired Cooperation will of course be you.
And
my
Will you please give my kindest regards to J^rs« Schwarzschild, best wishes to you.
Sincerely yours,
William S. Schlaram
J
I
TIME
INCORPORATED
TrME & LIFE BUILDING
ROCKEFELLER CENTER NEW YORK 20
EXECUTIVE OFFICES
Fet)ruary 2, 19^
Mr. Leopold Schwarz echild 225 East 57th Street New York 22. N. Y.
Dear Mr. Schwarz schi Id :
Your friendly, ^enerous and patient interest in our proposed new ma#:azlne has glven us invaluable encour- a^ement throughout the difflcult years of the experlment. I feel deeply in your deU — a debt , moreover» that kept increasing: I owe you, for quite a while now, precise Information on the state and proppects of cur venture.
My only relevant excuse is that I had to wait myself for a final Publishing decision which had to "bo made by TIMS Inc. This decision has now been reached. And I hurry to report it to you.
The officers of our Company agreed that the magazlne we had developed would indeed grow into a desirable and greatly needed Journal. But a careful ßurvey of objective conditions inside and outslde the Company has convinced the management of TIME Inc. that it could not undertake such a new publication in 1948»
This decision means precisely what it says. It means, above all, that our Company, on reviewing the
Situation in a not too distant future — say, in 1949
might indeed revive the project and, this time, carry it to frst realization. There exists, in other words, a great temptation to request your forbearance and to propose that you leave your most appreciated manuscript with us for another year. But, I hasten to add. we ahall resist this temptation. I realize fully what a sacrifice it raust hare been for you to have your manuscript withheld from publication until now.
So the moment has come to restore your füll freedom of action. We hereby return to you all publication rights to your manuscript»
Would you, please, be good enough to let me know which of these three possible courses you would like to take:
I
Page 2
Mr. Leopold Schwarz schild
Fetruary 3 t 19^
1) You may simply withdraw your manuscript and seil It, If you 80 desire, to a putlication of your own choice;
2) if you 80 dealre, I should "be glad to explore whether one magatine or the other putlished "by TIME Inc. (in particular LIFE or FORTUNE) wants to tid for your manuscript;
3) if you*^ chose, we would like to keep your manuscript in trust until TIME Inc. feels a'ble to pul)li8h the contemplated magazine.
IVhatever decision you make, I want you to know how deeply we all appreciate your past confidence in our project and the invaluable support you have given it with your work. Your contritution was an eminent help in developing a ma^azine which, though objective circumstances prevent TIME Inc. from puhlishing it this year, will remain a most desirahle puhlishing possibility. And one more thing: Am I permitted^in spite of the great disappointment this letter carries, to reiterate my request for your Cooperation when a more auspicious time arrives?
I don't have to teil you, I trust, how much I myself regret this turn of events. In all thif5 sadness, your valid response to what still seeras to us a valid plan will remain a most precicus experience. My profound thanks for it.
Sincerely yours,
William S. Schlammm
^. 9>>*,ntS. ^<LJ^
%.
Xi
(
Hi
Die Stunde, die Ich mit Ihnen verbrachte, war ein Vergnuegen, loh
hoffe, dasp meine Marx-Biographie, die Ihnen gleichzeitig zugeht,
fuer Sie Mlssvergnuegen sein wird«
kein
Wie Sie wuenschten, beschrelt)e Ich im folgenden kurz das Programm der ^roßchueren^ uaber die wir sprachen«
Im Laufe meiner Studien wurde ich ueberweeltlpt von er Tatsache, mit welcher metlculous Genauigkeit die heutige Sowjet-Politik in gewis- sen entscheidenden Hinsichten den Rezepten der communis tischen godheada folprt. Und noch ueberwaeltu<render wer die Entdeckung, dass die v/lchtlg- sten dieser Rezepte einüach unbekannt sind — zum Teil, weil nicht ein- mal englische Uebersetzungen davon existieren, zum Teil, weil Faelscher und Phontaalsten es fertler gebracht haben, sie vollkommen zu verschleiern
Diese Rezepte verdienen, so v.elt und Intensiv wie nur moeglich bekannt ??einacht zu werden. Denn sie konstituieren den authentischen . ^ Schlueasel zu dem vemelntlichen "riddle" der konmunls tischen Politik,
Wer sie kennt, versteht praktische alles, was die ruling ciiaue Im Kreml tut, und was sie erstrebt, und war, von ihr zu erwarten ist, Sie sind niederffelep;t in zahlreichen, oft wiederholten, unfalllnply conslstent Diwta von Man und Engels, die sie erfanden; von Lenin der sie pa aphra- slerte; und von Stalin, der sie confirmierte. Die Ausgrabunf^ und richtlf^e BerwendunfT dieser revoelinp Texte wuerde, glaube ich, eine wirkliche Unannehmlichkeit fuer die Drahtzieher hier und in Moskau sein, und eben- so fuer die Wallace species, Fuerthermore stammen diese Texte nicht nur aus den Holy Scriptures des Connunismus, und sind deshalb unanfechtbar; die meisten sind ausserdem in el em so brutalen, rohen Stil cehelten, dass d nr simpelste Leser sie verstehen muss.
Mein Projekt ist demgemness eine Serie von Broschueren, die etwa "Ideen die die elt zerspalten" heissen koennte. Jede Bros huere wuerde
einen anderen Aspekt des comnunlatlschen Denkens und Verhaltens eroer- r- tern. Und Jede wuerde basically aus einer Anzahl ron Man-, Engels*/
und Stalln-quotations bestehen, umrahmt und verbunden durch die notwen- dlgsten Erklaerungen, Fuer den Augenblick denke ich an folgende subjects:
!• The wer codex Welt davon entfernt "peeee loving" zu sein, hat die Doktrin, im Oegentei, von Marx bis Stalin/ immer darauf bestanden, dass Kriege das unentbehrliche "midwife" des Communismus sind; dass der Aufbruch von Kriegen "zwischen den anderen" willkocmen geheissen und gefoerdert wer'en muss; und dass au-h eigene Kriege, Including Angriffskriege, unter- nommen we' den muessen, wann und wo immer Erfolg zu erwarteh ist. Die Con- aequenz und Wildheit, mit der diese war dootrine ueber ein Jahrhundert
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weg gelehrt und praktisch befolgt wurde, ist appalling. Der record ist lang, detailliert und eindeutig. Als Beispiel zv;ei quotations von Lenin:
1,) "A Socialist must evaluate war not by the nuinbers of it»s casualties, but by it»s political consequences. Above the interest of the individual perishing and suffering from war must stand the interests of the clnss. And if a vier serves the interest of the Proletariat, es a class and in toto, and securos for it liberation from tho yoke — such a v/ar is progress, irrespective of the victims and the sufferings ift entails,"
2,) "Do not listen to the sentimental whiners who are afraldof war, Much has been left in the world that muspbe destroyed by fire and iron for the liberation of tho working class."
II, The Coinmon masa Waehrend die kommunistische Phraseologie ueberfliesst Ton Liebe und Hochachtunfi- fuer das Volk, die Arbeiter etc, ist die wirkliche
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Inspiration der Doctrin clearly das Oe^renteil davon. In ihrer vierzig-
Jaehrlffen intimen Correspondenoe sprachen Marx und Engels immer und
ausnahmslos mit stunning Hohn und Verachtung von den Proletariern, denen
sie oeff entlich schmeichelten. "What is the rahble good for if it for-
f^ets how to fight2l-"What do we want with a party, a gang of aases
who sweer by us because they imagine that we are the same klnd of people
that thoy are.%^ ^lAwf duu yeuplu ist itir nloht tttt gebanN etc. etc.
Als ^nln unmittelbar nach der ßevolution daran ging, seine Dictatorship
over not of the Proletariat zu etablieren, liesa er die Katze ruede aus
er erklaerte, ^ ^^ ,^ ^ ^ ^
dem Sack, indem dass die wirklichen, living Arbeiter selbstvarsta end- lich eine sehr niedrige Sorte von hxLnan naterial seien, «-"ot tho fanta» Stic hunen material created by our ovm Iraaginations" etc. Diese utter Verachtung und Geringschaetzung des Volkes ist der gern, aus don sich in Jedem connunistis h regierten Land sov-ohl die omnipotente Autokratie wie ihre barbarische Ruecksichtlosigkeit entwickelte, •— aus dem sie sich entwickeln musste und immer und uetoerall entwickeln wird.
Um nicht zu langschweifig zu wertlen, umreisse ich einige andere
subjects nur mit v/enigen Worten. ,
III. The red worldostate Die Doctrin vorlahgt nicht nur die CcHnrnunisierung aller Laender der Welt, sondern sie geht weiter. Es genuegt nicht eine Juxtaposi- tion of different, independent, although oomnunist states. Eine mono- lythischer world-state, ruied from one omnipotent center, is requlred.
IV. Irrewocebility Was den Kommunismus von den demokratischen Ideologien und Partelen unterscheidet, ist nicht so sehr die Doktrin, dass power must be seized by force, but that it must be retained by force. Communis t rule must Irrevocably and imnovobly be eatabliahed for ever. Dies ist das Prinzip
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dem die wichtigsten und Charakteristischen Reell taeten In den Laendorn behlnd the iron curtain entstannaen«
Obwohl weitere,, nicht weniger slRniflcante subjects auf meiner
technlQue of
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,nd llea") mache ich hier vorerst Schlusa. Aber loh moechte nicht ver- »aeumen hlnzuzufuegen, dasa der Wert dieser Broschueren Insbesondere auch darin liegen wuerde, dass sie den Leser mit Material ausruoston wuerden. dass er selneraelts In Diskussionen etc, wirksam weiter Ter-
wenden kann«
wenn das Project In ein concreteres Stadium gelangen sollte, kann
Ich irnner zu weitere» Besprechung« nach Washington komme*. Inzwischen ▼ertraue Ich es Ihrer freundlichen Obhut an.
Mit besten -Tuessen
Very sincerely
y
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ßi'. ^1 /'/«'?
The hour that I passed with you wae very pleasant. I hope that my bio^raphy of Marx which I am sending you by the satne mail will not be
an unpleasant experience,
Oomplying with ycxir
\k(n\
vfCTtl/iam giving bei
ow a brief outline of the
Pamphlet project that w© discussed.
In the course of myptm]pLmrfim study of Marx I was greatly impresaed by the meticulous exactnees with which present-day Soviet policy followe, in certain crucial reepeds, the forraulae of the Com uniet godheade. Even raore overwhelming was the discovery that the most important of theee formulas aro sirrply unknown — partly because they do not even exist in Engiish
translation, and partly because falsifiers completely to^
have managed
These formulas deserve tc be made known as broadly and intensively as poßsible, for they constitute the autnentic key to the alieged riddle of Communist policy. He who knows them understands practically everything -friat the Kremlin ktl'lli^ cliquo doos, what it p4i»i¥io-^feiwy and what can be expected of it. They are recorded in numerous, oft-repeated, and unfailingly consistont dicta of Marx and Engels/ who invented them, of Lenin who paraphrased t: em, and of Stalin who confirmed them. The di, ^ing up and oorroot mrp I ni tnt i -n of these revaling texte would, I thmk, cause real
embarrassment to the wire puilera here and in Moscow, as well as to the Wallace species, Furthermore, rost of these texts are couched in such a blunt and brutal style that even the si^.plest reader cannot fall to
understand them. •
Accordingly my project consists in the publication of a series of Pamphlets that raight be calied, for instance, "Ideas.thet divide the world." Each Pamphlet would be devoted to a specific aspect of Comrr.unist thought and action; and each wouid basicaliy corsist of a nuii-ber of quotations from Marx, Eijgels,^nd Stalin^ within a unifying framework of essential^ i/^^^
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explanations. ^^ '^ ' ' itj sa,^^ i envi8agej][the f ol .owing topics.
T* The War PrecepU Far from being "peace loving," the Doctrina
from Marx Ao Stalin hae on the contrary always insisted that war is the indispOTable "midwife" of communism; that the outbreak of wars ^'betv/een the others" raust be regarded as welcome and must be encouraged; and that Co^munist wars too, including aggressive wäre, iiust be undertaken wherever and whenever tktm# they can be expected to aucceed« The consistency and ruthlessneas with which this doctrine hae been ^aught i»nd (unrri pd-nnt^
for more than a Century lare appalling. The record is long,
detailed, and unambiguous. Two quotations #rom Lenin will ii
14 J. ^\bo ^ U^^.^^^( see original p.2)
^^ The Go^.mon ^'^n^ Wnile the Oommunist phraseology is replete with expressions of love and regard for the people, the workers, etc., the actual ^ M^^^^f^K ^CT,.^ ^f ^,,je guuViitiiU is clearly the oppoeite of this. In thöir mtirpate
corresponaence extending over forty years Marx and Engeis spoke always and consistently with striking [nrnnn i njnt contompt of the proletarians whom they publicly flatt.ered ( "What is the rabble, etc. orig. p.J; "The populus is of no account at all").
When iienin imnediately after the Revolution set about establishing his dictatcrship not £f, but over the Proletariat, he let the cat straignt out of tne Dag when he declared that the actual living workers are naturally a very low type of hurr:an material, "not the fantastic human rr.aterial created oy our imagmaxions," eT,c. inie jinirTnüfffrtf inii|\it,taü eriiwtünmpIt/TQr the people is the germ out of which there developed in every 8 am av wä «#i«BjLi|üU'
coniLunintltniV y g n-^ country not only the omnipotent autocracy but also itc
barbaric ruthles-ness —/but of which they necessarily had to develop, and always and everywhere will develop»
A
L "^The" R'e^a ' W5 r'll'^ täte. The Doctrine demands not only the rJi^'uüi
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coTr-unization of all the countries m the world; it
goee farther* A
juxtapoaitiun of different independent, although comrnunist^ etatee is
not Bufficient. A monolithic World state, ruled from one omnipotent center.
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is required.
J/. HL Finality^ The thin^ that distinguishes Go-^rünism fron, demoijratic
ideologiee and parties ie not ao nuch the doctrine that power must De seized
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by force, bat that it must öe retained by force^ Comrrunist rule must irrevocably and ftna It-rably be eötablished forever. Thie ia the principie that gives rise to^themost important and characterdistic realities in the wwwwti countries öehind the iron curtain.
Although there are other and not less significant topics on my liet ( for example, "Profits and Wagec," "The Technique of Ruses and Liee^* ") I will cloBe here for tne present. But 1 must not fail to add that the value of these Pamphlets will lie eapeciaily (i-irv^ in thisjthat they will equip the reader with raaterial that iTKVxftirj^yÄ^* he for his part ^wkk can fruitfully use further in discussiors, etc.
Should the rroject arrive at a concrete stage, I shall p.lways be ready to corce to Washington for further discussion. Meanwhile I consign it to your friendly custody«
With kindest greetings,.
Very sincerely
»
May, 26, 4«.
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Mr« Emerson P# Schmidt Chamber of Corrmieroe Washlnf>;toü DtC«
De©r Mr# Schmidt:
Thank you for your lettor of Way, 19t Noed- les3 to sny that I enjoyed your flatterlng renarks about the Hod Pruasiaiit
As to llr. benjamia Mandelas book Idee, the flrst part preaents no dlff Icultles* It Is rolatlvely eeay to outline an American policy baaad on the asaunption that the 3PolltbQiiD has declded upon Implacable entagonisxn to and final oonquast of the rast of the world, — conqueat eithor from wlthin or by war» It is even easier (and per- haps noro ir.portant) to ahow that this is the inevitable essuTiptlon« In fact^ one of the main foatures of this part would be the unearthinr of the ;vellnigh unknown Marxist- Leninist ''war doctrine" of which I spoke to you in ray letter of Aprilp 24»
but I am doubtful about the socond port, the Anerioan policy •♦if Russia chooses peace^* I do not yet See how this part can nvoid to develop into a piece radatlnr irealisn* v;hat conditions will Russia have to fulfil in Order to convlnce us^ you and Mr. iiandel ond noi that her chenf^e of mind Is ••sincerely purposed*», to use a Viilsonian phraseV Once v/o stnrt to fornulato these con- ditions, and the indispensAble RuaranteeSi the writer and the reacier will d Iscover that nothinf; of the aort can by exDectod to be acceptable for Hussia — • not, for instance, the honent diosolucion of all the Cor.nuniot partiea of tho World v^hich fi^ures, quite riRhtly, amonr Mr. Mandelas conditions • Tho reader v;ill feel that eny shift to an Ai^ieri- can policy of trust and amity is made dependent on prere* auisits of an oither purely utopian nature, or calcula- ted to cor.pletely thwart such a shift# On the other hand^ oncG vve theoretically assume a State of thinge in v/hich Russia haa accepted and carried out these stupendous prerequisits. — v/hat pr^rticular kind of Anericon policy towards Russia could be recommended under such an assuinp- tionV It would have to bo norraal bohaviour of one peeco- ful ptate to anothor, and that^s about ell# The very assump- tion seeras to put a stop to any necossity ac well as poc- sibility of enrafüinp: in any further specific theories about how the USA should benave henceforth«
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I nhrll be ßlo'si to tnlk the matter over v/llh Mr# Mandel, ns you sufcpest» He v/111 probobly flhow me some aspeots I hsvo overlook.eä# If you can arranr.e an interview, either here or in Weshlnptoni practically every data will be agre- able to r.o# Uy telephone nui^i^er is ]'ldoy*aclo 5-1031t
I also v-ould like to diacuss wj.th you your ovm book idea: Re-Prlvatization of Indus try» That is a fascinatin^ cubject indeed, end it coinoiden v/ith lOeaa I have alroady been moditatin??: on« The more one thinks about it, the more it*8 scopo v/idenfl« In addltjon to the problen or de-sozia- lizing the economic proper ty the bigger problem of deeo- zlellzlng the economic processes eml pownr ariseB; in ad- dltion to the American aspect of the problem the European apper^rs, r^nrtioulprly tho British ono« Put at the iiOMont 1 am not yet certain whether or not t(k embark on such an enterT>rine, enC perhops the tnlk v.ith you vill holp xae to mE)ke up my mind in one way or the othert In the mean- while yo\i ivould oblirre no if you vroulc- teil lao e word about the method of publica tlon you are thinkinr oft Slnce I hpve noyeiT vrrltton enythin^^ for r.ny orf;r:fni;:r tJon or in- st itution, I do not know hov/ such thinp:s are custonarlly beln" hprifllod» Pave I to considor tho Chamber or Comruerco 3s the prospective publishor of the book?
Very sincerely youra
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Leopold Schwerzschild
yi
Chamber of Commerce
OF THE
United States of America
Washington
Economic Research Department Emerson p. Schmidt. Director
June 18, 1948
I}r. Leopold Schvarschlld 225 Säst 57th Street New York 22, New York
Dear Dr. Schwarzchild:
I have talked further with the Cham'ber Management on the Idea of Publishing the pamphlet on "The Re-privatization of Industry**. I would welcome yo\ir further thoughts on the ueeful- ness of the venture. As I told you before, I think of it in two ways: (l) As part of the psychological warfare to help set in motion a positive program to check collectivism and to start the thing in the other direction and (2) Set forward a seriee of Steps which will furnish the know-how as to the manner in which the problem may be tackled by local Citizens, municipali- ties, Councils, and parliamentary bodies.
Our Management thinks the idea has considerable merit, but obviously, like myself , cannot judge its value without seeing how it would look on paper. Next week I am going to put the idea up to our Committee on Economic Policy and will give you its re- action. If it is favorable, we would like to have you help us a bit in preparing such a document and meantime I just want you to know the Status of our thinking and of course I would welcome yoiir reaction. If it is impractical and fruitless, we would pre- fer to know it before we spend a lot of time and effort. If the idea has merit, we would like to know a little more-^ of how it can be spelled out.
I am attaching "Wanted — • Men Who Know" merely as a sample of one possible way in which I think such a pamphlet might be set up. That is, it needs to be specific, concrete and in the nature of a guide. It would of course also require some general philoso- phizing on the superiority of individual effort, the harnessing of incentives along with perhaps some political theorizlng on the importance of the diffusion of power»
Yours very sincerely,
1170/1412 attachment
IMBESOFP» SCHMIDT
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June, 23, US.
Dt. Er-^erson P* Schmidt FiCononiic Rosenroh Uepfartenont Chnnber of Cornnerce Washlnrton D.C^
Deer Dr. Schmidt:
Thanks for your letter of June, lft# If your Coranlttee decldoe to stfirt work et the Pamphlet on Re-Prlva- tlzetion, I shall p^iadly try to help you in prepering It afl fpiV f)^ I can»
doubtfull flbout you v/hy»
In the monnv/hile I have bocono e little
tho whole project, and I think I should teil
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1) The whole problem la oxtrerely interestlng theorfttically; ©nd even practically It lo extrenely Intere- gtlnp" for Kuropesns and with rosepct to üurope, But it seens to he nn abatrnct and unreal prohlem in this country and for the Amoricnn public. On th« whole, Industry in the USA is atlll prlvately ovmed, end does not need ro-privotizntion. The fev; excoptlons, particulnrly in the field of public Uti- lities, ere too limited and of a too apociel noture to inject an elo'^ent of ur^'oncy and p;enerellty into tho matter« In san, th3 render ia llVrely to foel thet tho subject is rnther far renoved fror; hla own and the country* s actunl worrios*
2) Even with resppct to Durope the na in Prob- lem is not thftt of private or public ovmership. Tho British have not aoclnlized much Industrie! proporty. The mines,
the tranaüortntion system and the Bank of T':ap:land havo been fibout all, and "re-privatization»* would hnve to bo limited to these few linea. If Brltaln heg neverthelesa been trnna- forned into « Inrfrely soclalintio country this hes been ac- compliahed by procedures entirely unconnected with the que- stion of ovmerahlp. V/hat hos been socinlized nre the econo- mic procesaes. Tho entrepreneurial and nanaporiel prerop-a- tives and conpetencios have been taken over bynthe Govern- ment in neerly every inportant resepoct, This, more than anythinf? eise, v/ill have to be reversed, But this is dif- ferent fron whet •'re-privotization" aeeras to mean, — and it is not an Anericen preoceupation eithor.
What I an efraid of is that the subject is lackinp" anv renuine American coloration and v/ill ßrip vory few of the proÄ^ective rooders, The American problen is the prevention rather than tho repeal of nntionolization, This is my f?enerol priraa-faclo Impression, but Dioybe I an wronfj,
Very alncorely yours
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July, 9, 48.
Drt Emorson P, Sclualdt
Chanber of Conr^.eroe 'v
Washlnf^ton D«C»
Def^r Dr# Schmidt:
I am glftd to hear thnt you ere primarlly concorned v;lth European coaditiona, and with prosenting sone Ideas to Ktiropeans* Here a ronl tosk remains to be tackled. Indoed, the oppononta of Eurooo^o Statist post war-courso hnve hltlierto conpletely failed to supplenent their genoral theoretlcal orltique— • whloh has been ex- cellent ~ with any practlcal^ ponltive, spoclcift and oomprehennive program for actually revcrsinr the trend« I am sure thnt e lot of people consider such a reversal at so late an hour as a drenm that can no lori/:*or be rea- lized« Anrl unfortunately a fjood porcentap:o of tho pre- sumed anti-statlfits in Europa are jblaguod by an even stronRor Schizophrenie th^n are r^eny of their Anorlcan counterports* The Economic Comnittee of tho british Con- servötlve Party has recently onunciated a progran the splrlt of v/hlch was all but socialistic^
Thoreforei if you succood to supply the European antl-autorltariana with a detailed and reatjo- ned Munprint for v;hat vill have to be done, and v/hat can be done^ this will be quite an achieveiaent« The prlme taak conslat of boinp apocjfic« And this rany ncces- sltate a dlffarent tre^tonont of tho cases of the dif- ferent countrlcs» The baalc condiclons of Or^^nt Britalni for inrtance, dependlnf: on ir^ports for its shoer ntrition^ aro in rany respecti? quite incomparable to thono of France« The raore concrote v/e v/ant to be^ tho more diffi- cult v/e nay find it to luTip the proscriptlons for so vostly differinpr countrios topf^thor« Although a ^ood part of the pamphlot rtay be vallÄ for overy "countryi othf>r parta r^ay havo to bo written accordln^^ to the particulnr circuiiatancos of pnrtlcular countrins» It :sif^ht therforf^ bo advisaMe to envlsa^e a narphl :t, nnrta of whlch v:ill be uaablo everywhorei and partn of which v;ill havo to be adapted to the apecial cases of the varloua countrica. And It nlrht bo good to start with Britain«
In tho British mind the^ problom ov rshado- wlnr all othora seema to be tho problon of foreip;n pay- rnents, popularly knov^n as the Dollar Problem« The fliot anxlety whlch tho perspective of a free econor^y on^^en-
■ t-
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'if
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ders in Britlahers la alweya: how con we posslbly ftfford to abolish th« oontrols of our cuirency, and of our im- porta nnd exports, with ovxr gold ond dollar otooko ao depleited 83 thox' arc, aud wlth so atroiiß a tendoncy of cepitol to floe tha cou^try throtif^h every loop-hole? How to proceed in tho nattera of unchoinine;: the cur- rency, the Importa and the exports appeara to be tho prlne riroup of aubjects to bo treoted,
Advnncln^ fron tte± this bnala, tho noxt group of probleraa mipht bo those concornlnf:; the neoännisrcs of the hone economy: ho\Y to unohain pricea, produc- tlon, trade and oonsumptlon, Tho last group mißht con- slst of th« T>roblens of cnpltal; ho\v to sot free the Invpstnichta, profita, and hov to rostore private ovmor-
ahip.
All of thene subjecta era, of course, intercon- nccted and intordependcnt. /nd thore lo probrbly nobo- dy, myael incluricd, v/ho hna e deflnlto aolution for all of ther. ready nade in his pocket. In ori'er to ar- rive at a Drogran thet will be free fron anythlng aug- geating utopionlsrr., eccontricity, or cranklnoas, nuch adviao v.ill havo to aought, But it should bo poaalblo to ecconplish the taek, ,
As for rae, I tim goinr to tho country for sono weeka, Af t r my return, your idea will probably hove crtstallized, or you will hove rholvod it, nnd I for ray pHrt aha 11 aee olonrer than I do nov; if and to vfhat extent I nhall be cblo to havo a ahare in tho work«
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Vory slnceroly yours
Leopold Schv;arzschlld
/
Chamber of Commerce
OF THE
United States of America
NVashington
Economic Research Department Emerson P. Schmidt. Director
July 12, 1948
Mr. Leopold Schvarrschild 225 Xast 57 th Street New York 22. K. Y.
Dear Mr, Schvarstehlld:
Thanks for your good letter of July 9, What you have to say about the dl^ersity of situations and conditioas in the different countries, ae well as about the dollar prob- lern, ia only too true.
I have thought, hoverer, of a eomevhat narrower focuB in terms of proTldlng a klnd of peychologlcal blueprlnt which could eerre as a rallylng cry and provide sone neceo- sary know^how on the Bpeelfic problem of the techniques of turning a scciallzed industry back to prirate Induetry. My thought was that It mlght help to stem the tlde much more than It would actually cause a re-privatization» adthou^ If the latter took place, so mich the better«
Of course, the dollar problem - the apparent need for Controls, etc» three and one-half years after VX-Day Is all eridence of a failure to restore the price mechanism to Its proper role, This might be alluded to in the pampblet but it wonld not be fully deyeloped,
I shall glTe the matter further consideration» as I know you will, and I hope this autuiin our paths will cross again and we can discuss the matter further«
I might say that our Committee on Economic Policy meets on September 15 and I may put the matter up to the Committee to sound out its members«
Tours very sincerely,
ÜMSaSONP. SCEM
1170/1412
TIME
INCORPORATED
TIME & LIFE BUILDING
ROCKEFELLER CENTER
NEW YORK 20
EXECUTIVE OFFICES
March 16, I9I4O
My dear Schwarzschild:
Even before you opened the envelope you knew, of course, that I have defeat to report. And I can»t teil you how saddened I am by iny failure»
For it is exclusively my failure. You, the author, have certainly succeeded in wrlFing a most relevant article. I, on the other hand, have failed in rny attempts to overcome the editorial resistance on LIT^^E. The trouble, as I've indicated to you before, was the undeniable fact that your piece is an essay in historiography rather than a venture in contemporary "mass" joumalisTn. And LIFE's editors just couldn»t See that quite special sort of writing in their mapazine. They've made a mistake, I suspect: the seeming incompatibility between the nature of the forum and the nature of the speech mij^ht have added very special zing and meaninfT» However, those editors ought to know what they are doinor. And all that remains for me is to express to you my sincere regrets.
The important thin,^ now is to P^et the piece published, fast, somewhere eise* The best bet, it seems to me, is the New York Times Sunday Magazine; I have a hunch they» 11 take it with pleasure, thouf^h they might insist on cutting, The only other candidate fand that sounds very strantre indeed) is Cosmopolitan« I really think your agent shouLi try his damnedest to breach that fortress: he might succeed, to his surprise«
*
Don't madame and you Teel like coming out again, soon, for a marathon game of Oklahoma and some p-ood music? Te shall be delighted to introduce you to spring in Chappaqua»
Kindest regards,
William S. .'ichlamm \
Mr. Leopold Schwarzschild 225 East ?7th Street New York 22, N.Y.
I
WILLIAM S.SCHLAMM CHAPPAQUA;NEW YORK
Pebruary 5, 1949
Dear Schvirarzschild:
Many thanks for sending me your China piece* I liked it iminen- sely. It has punch, ^packs a wallop,* and makes the point,
I'm now looking forwards to getting the English translation, Let me have it at your earliest convenience. I shall then gladly pass it on to Mr.Luce — •'for the dtfcision is his,** as has been said in the Book,
Let me call Just one thing to your attention. On pp.20 and ?1 of youf German manuscript you say: •»Immer nach 1919 war Moskau *s internationale i'olitik hasiert auf dem Axiom etc.**»» (p?C) and: •'Von Russland 1919 bis China 1949 steckten aie Herren des Kreml, Land auf Land ein, und kamen trotzdem niemals^ in einen bewr.ff- neten Konflikt mit einem demokratischen Land et#,etc.'' Kaven't you fo^gotten the Russian attack on Pilsudski»s j^oland? This is, in fact, the strengest point in favor of your thesis — ex opposito> Por^ it was the onlj case of ready armed resistence supported by demoeratic France; and not only got the Bolshies licked,but the extraordinary resistence marked a Coamunist re- treat for almost 20 years: when '•Red Imperialism" (Boukharin's phrase) got stopped, Lenin inaugirated NEP inside and almost yellow isolationism outside — so badly got he scared. You would not only z± correct an oversight by dealing with the Po- lish exception (there is, by the way, another one: Mannerheim' s success in Finland, in the early 0 'twenties, somewhat, though less, aided by western support) — you would clinch your case by showing how in thfat way Communist expansion could be stopped^ rather chec^ply, for half a generation»
I think I remember you've got a car. V/hy don't you and Madame
dri
'^ve out and see us some time? I am now mostly staying home
and we could it therefore arrange en a weekday too. Just call
me up, a day or two before, so that I give you driving direc-
tions. / ^
I
February, 22, 49
r
Mr. Emerson P« Schmidt
Cham"ber of Comnerce
of the nnl'-od atates of America Washin*?ton
Deer ^r* 3chxaiclt:
Thank you very rauch for the ct)py of your letter to Prof, Albreiht, Tour "economic inter- - pretation of the economic interpretation" ia a g4o4 Ide« and your rmmrk thnt "t^<> the yerxiets only their oppon«3nts are actuated by seif iah interesta could be coT'^pler'enteü by tt nuober of eiiallar obaerveoiona. For instonce what about dialoctica? What about tho "law" that everythinc cerries within Iteelf the aeeds of it»a own destruction, and that every "thesis" inevitably brines ebout it'a o^vn "antlthef?!«"? Thet, - too, aeema to be valid only for all former ayateaa» including Capltslisn, but not £or Sociplisral Or have you ever read that Sooiallsn, too, will only be a transient hlstorical episode, and thnt it, too, -
will in due tlae be destroyed by sorce new novel
••neRation**? I, for one have ne^er resd it.
Very slnccrely yours
Xoopold Sohwarzachild
/
p «-^
Chamber of Commerce
OF THE
United States of America
"Washington
Economic Research Department Emerson P. Schmidt. Director
January 27, ISIS
Mr. Leopola Schvartzschild 225 East 57th Street New York 22, ^^ew York
Dear ^r. Schwartzschild:
Attached is a letter which was preceded by two, from Professor Paul /brecht and grew out of an item in the Cetober issue of ECOi^OMC LNTELLIGENCE.
So far, I have not heard agein from the Professor*
Yours sincerely,
miBßOl] F. SCHMIDT
1170:16 a Attachment
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DMMbrr 28y 19i8
/
|h«f #i«or Paul Abrai^t ihiios ThMl^gieal SwlBary Broadway «t 120th Straat Ipf Zark 27» Ba« lork
fiiar Frafaaaor Abraahtt
Thaak you for your lattar of DaaaMbar 23« Slnaa Dr. liabahr ai^paratttly atataa thut lia aaa narar a aaabar^ or navar haard of a avuibar of tha orgaaiaatlona liatad ia aar lattar, tbia will raqvira a aortaio aarnnt of fbrUiar iaTaatlgfttioa oo aar part, in ordar to fürther doouaaot tha aatUra uadar diaoaaaio»« Xt aaaaa to m thüt your lattar Itaalf oooatitataa a a naldarabla raaopiltioo of a larga portioo of tha arldwoa ahlah aaa In our aiada whao wa publlahad tha original ftfttaaant in ECOIOIIC IHTELLIGESCI for Oetobar«
\
I appraoiata i<fw aaodiiig to m ChriaUiilty aad Criala foi^ ftbruarj' 2, 1946, ahloh containa Dr# liabahr ^s arUda, «Taa PonM of Trrnnoy,»
TMa arUela, inataad of confindng yoar paattion, it %%mk% to aa, oooflraui what I hara auipacted for «oaa tiaa«
«
For anuapla, in tha aeoond Paragraph ha aaya, *laiiaa was tha frvit of aaral OTsioiaa," 'Cottnamiaa ia tha produat of aoral aad politioal «topiaaiMU* Ia tha foarth paragrapli he atataa, ^•##Tha aontraat bataaao canaraaa aad utopiaa draaaa whioh originally anisated Marxiaa«««*
Dalasa ha uaaa larxiaa and CoMauaiaa ia aoaa edotaria teisaa, I rt aay th/^t ha ia eospletaly vrong and perhape ia the anoonaoiotta Tietia of the propagaada of tha pi^st daoada or aora»
I woadar if ha haa raad tha racaot biographgr of Karl Varai, antitlad *The Rad Pruaaioa,» bgr Leopold Sohwaraaahild (dcriboera, 1947) t Ia a %m%%^ thia ia tha firat authaatla biographgr daa to the faat that it ia baead upoa tha talvBiBaaa oorraapoodaaoa bataaaii Marx aad Zngala (plua othar aoaroaa of oouraa), publiahad hgr tha Mi^r»4tegala Inatitota of Moaoow« Jaat ahgr tha laatituta läiotad hava ai^ar ralaaaad thaaa lattara ia uttarly uafathoMibla beaauaa of thair aontaat« Thaaa lattara raraal Marx in quita a diffaraot lifht fräs that ahloh «oi^d ba aaauaad bgr tha qootatioaa aaa«- tioaad aboTa« Throaghoat thaaa lattara thara niaa a oontlnttoas atraaa of daaaptioaa, c<xiapiraaiaa, aharaatar aaaaaaiaationa, double aroaa^ aettlng group agaiaat gro^P» lov-^laral attitada t lauachiag ooBanaiatuDNaiW^ aith all thai: falaa pretaoeaa, ^ ifeiri* aad Holeat atr Thia book ie aa aaaaiag raralatioa«
i
Pag« 2«
How Dr. Ilabuhr can «ajr CcwniolMi Is the product of sorml «nd politl« oal utoplanln, If to hla CowmhImi mmss the oososptiona, aaplratlonf and «•thods of Harx^ is ecaplatalj laajqplioabla to Ma^ and I aould llka to imow if ür. liabukr uaaa tlia «ord CoawBiaai in aosa aasaa whieh haa aaeapad
Thla »aw blographgr giiraa a psrfai^t «splaaatlon of thm aocnaado iatarpratatloD of tha aeonaaiie loterpratatioal Aagr geiiaral thaoratical axplanatioo of baharlour/ or aotlTa mat apply to tho aotlTltiaa of tha (axplalaar and) pr^)agandiat hJjMMlf, aod aogr iatallaatoally aatiafactory ftxplaaatloii radncaa hia propafand« to oonaeoae» to aalling talk^ if not to «ara nolaa« Tha aaggaatlon of an aoooosio iatarpretatioo of tha aoonoale Intar-* pratatlo» la all that ahcmld bo naadad mm an aaaamr to It^ if ttkan in a thoroii^-* going and laelaaiTa nanna« Tha raal aiotlTo baak of aagr politieal prppcgaada ia largaljr tha qoaat of povar od tha part of thoaa oanying it od« Tha propagandiat uMally can aaa thia alaarl7 in cooaaatioR with arazy propa-* ganda azcapt hia omm. To tha Kanlata^ aa to »oitt rafomara, it bmtt baan omly thair opponaott «ho have baan actui^^tad bgr *aalfiah* or *claaa* intaraata« Thay ara aahing notJkiing for thaMialTaa-*«Hixoept auprana povar and the parquiaitas tharaof I
Cottld you gat Dr. liabuhr to axplain thia to nat
■ ■ ' • ■ . ^-
Qu tho other band, to «rite off Hitler and NaJClaD ae oo«pbte evil and *tha fruit of aoral cynieian* nay liJfcawiae be opao to quaation, althoui^ I dooH «ant to aran appaar to ba dafanding Hitlarian and laai«D in anx ahapa or nanner^ but I an interastad in honaat intarpretation and tha arold-* anea of beooadng a Tictin of Propaganda«
■bat I haraii mind mmy bo Bmmm^ for exnapla^ on paga 39 of Main Kanpf b> Ragrnal and Hitohoock (SdiUon, 19iU)) «hare Hitlar aiO'at Social Aotivitor nnst navar 9m% ita taak in the eantinaotal oona^tion of aalfara work irhioh««.ia ftatile^ but rathor in the abolitlon of thaaa ftenda-» nantal dafacta in the Organisation of our aoononic and oulturDl lifo ahiah nyat laad to^ or at laaat «noo^raga» tha dagradaition of tha indiTidnal«« Again OD paga ^1 ha Qmjm, *I do not know what ahocked na nora «t tha tine, tha aecaoAic dintraaa of agr eratirfaile eonradae, thair ethical and noral emdity^ or the Xoar la^al of thair apiritnal daTelopaan t« * Wonld fou ai^ ^ thia ia all »oml ogrnicianT
On paga 42 of J|s|£> Im£ you vill find a noTing diaonnlon of tha raaolta of oTarorowdiag and prartr on tha hynan faaily and aapaaialljr tho plight of anall ahildran« I donH ioinv of maf writinga on tha part of Man or bgala whioh ahav tha tandamaaa of apirit th/^t jrou will find on paga iZp and I th.nk it would ba north your ahile ta jn^t taka a laok at iU
Again ^ lat na anphaaiaa the^t I am in no «ajr dafanding aither Hitler or lagian# He and hia ^rntan warn awil and dangerona and hnd to bn. atoppad«.
<r-
r*
}
« »
P«tf« 3.
^4 w * i *^* ^'•^*»' ■• ^» «>■* D«"« «itbuhr, lo 194«, «Uli draws tliii
dionotoiv of ooMQBlat utopUalM oo on« •!<!• mad la«i Moral <?yiilol«i oa ta« othar. I •• c BTinc«d thßt Dr. ^Ubuhr, belog « vtry buay ud yeiy »CUT» MB hta allo*«d hi»i«lf to b«ooae the oBOonaeieu« vietl« of th« populär propagaad«, It la oaigr to hlaaa th» praea for |il»qwotlijg, but
'ÜT! ^ "• ***** **^* «rU«!«» •*«> fora» of fjTWBj^ la tha baat »TldaDoa « wJV i» f«U hi«aalf «laquotad. «noa
I do hep« that you will teka tha tl«a to glaaea «t tha aavaral rararaaeaa I haya Md«, }>*omi— If I a« wrong, tbara la nothing th«t I «•Bt aora than to b« sat atralght.
toviTM Tiiiy Bivcmrmlj,
*>>.
EMIRSOS ?. SCHKIJDT
V
117D:16a
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April 30,1949
Proft Georre S.Schuster Munter Colief?;e 695 Park: Avenue New York
Dear Sir:
Althourrh I never had the privilefre of mak-ing your acquaintance^you may conceivably have seen or read or leard of some of my wrltin^s and books^Darticu- larly ray recent tlarx-biography ♦'The Red Prussian^»* Tniö^ I hope, will help to attract your attention to the idea I am going to tallc of •
In my opinion ~ and opinion is an Understate- ment-- more, and more iinportant things about Merxian and post-Warxian ivlarxism are unknov/n than are knov/n# üeducti ns are the usual niethod of br inging to lif»:ht the true meaning and consequences of their notions, airas, and practices* But rauch more robust evidence is exiatinp:. The sourcea are fraught vrth an enornous mass of moot authentic behind-the-scene-material — consisting of confidential letters, cominents, controversies, acti- vities, and elucidating quite conclusively alnost evory ideological and political aspect of the matter — but this material has remained buried tili today. It has never been dug out and used* And that is not even so surprising as it seems to be* Ninety percent of the
relevant literature has been written by i-arxists v;hich in itself explains a p:ood dcal. ^»nd in countries like the IJ*S#A. , moreover, practicfilly all critics had to depend on translations, and the m st rovealin^, sources have never been translated.
It is my desire to unfold this material in a number of lectures before an audience to which it mi^ht mean something;in universities aaö Colleges, for in- stance* And Hunter College enter d my mind* If you think the idea v^orthv/hile and feasible, 1 v^ould like to talk it over Tvith you, and v/ould b> glad, and feel honored if you accorded me an interviev;, no matter when and ^mere.
Thak you in advance«
Yours very since ely
Leopold Schv%?rzschild
OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
MPM
u y-/S'«' ""
Hunter College
DF THE CITY DF NEW YORK E9 5 PARK AVENUE YORK 2 I, N. Y.
L0---^^--''^-f^(^^^
May 6, 19A9
Mr. Leopold Schwarzschild 225 East 57 Street New York 22, New ^ork
Dear Mr. Schwarzchlld:
Thank you for your letter and its very interesting outline of a project which seems to me highly important. There is unfortunately little likelihood of cur being able to do any- thing about it at Hunter because it involves a sort of budgetary Support which I cannot give it. Even so I shall be delighted to talk with you Eind suggest that you be good enough to call my secretary, Mrs. Jehle, and see when she can arrange an appointiaent.
Sincerely yours,
^.
f.
George N. Shuster President
' ^Ä^^^^.^
."^^
\:<::
^
91 :>_ - T^ •
May 3lBt, 1949
\
Prof t George N «Schuster Hunter College 695 New York Park Avenue
\
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Dear Prof «Schuster :
Enclosed you will find the four copies of the biographical notes you kindly advi- sed me to put down« And^ also in fqur copies » a brief definition of the subject I have at heart«
Allow me to rei terato my thanks for the great kindness with whioh you have re-* oeiTed me« It was a rare experiencoi indeed^ to be surprised by your br inging up of your own accord a project on my behalf — and precisely the one most perfectly coinciding with my wishes -*«• and by your off er to try mmdasg to use your interest for its realization« I shall nerer forget this^ and would be all the more happy If your trouble were ^ rewarded with some success«
Looking forward to the news you will be able to give me, I am^ dear Professor Schuster^
very sincerely and most obligedly
yours
Leopold Schwarzschild
/ .-
/
• *
REPRESENTING
thc bliowins pubtishins firms In
STOCKHOLM. 8WEDEN:
•
albert bonniers förlao Ahlen & Akerlunds
FÖRLAG
Forum
The Continental Book Company
The Swedish Magazine
SERViCE
AkE BONNIER. PMISIDfNT
ALBERT BONNIER PUBLISHING HOUSE
PUBLISHERS ANI> BOOKSKLLERS SINCE IftOi^ IMPORTiRS OF SCANDINAVIAN BOOKS'IIDRARY AGCNTS 665 LEX INGTON AVE -NEW YORK* PIAZA 9*6297
Octobor 23, 1947.
LIr. Leopold Schwarzsohild, 225 East 57th Street, New York 22, N.Y.
Dear JJr.Schwarzschild:-
I have forwarded your eirticle to IJIr. Bonnier in Stockhol;Ti and I do hope Ake publlshes it, but then when I think of how in Sweden during sSL childhood days they used to scare us with^lf you are not a good girl the Russians will get you (or the Hussian bear will get you)".,.. And conditions havenot inprovod - rather the contrary» As you say, the bear lias grown to immense propotions.
Sincerely,
Margit
msiis
j/
OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
MPM
HUNTBR College
DF THE CITY OF NEW YDRK
E9 5 PARK AVENU E
NEW YD RK 2 I, N. Y.
June lü, 1%9
i
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Dr. Leopold Gchv.ai'zschild ..25 East 57 Street I]ev. lorK *^2y Ilev York
Dear Dr. ^chvarzcchild:
TliauK ,yüu very mi;.cn Tor yoar letter ö^aa very interestinc outline of your bacr:[;i^ound and -r-Topoüals. I am Sure that you crn .j.o very si^ixix icc-nt ' ui'k und 1 siall try to help. Of cou: -e, it Is not po^;zible to give i-.n assurance that the results Vvill be favoi able.
i
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Sinc?rely ;)v;ur3,
George iJ. ^haster jPres^ueat
EN HIBBS EDITOR
EDITORIAL ROOMS
THE SATURDAY EVENING
POST
FOUNOCD BY
THE CURTIS
PUBLISHING COMPANY
PHILADELPHIA 5
February 23, 19h9
Dear Knick:
I've been catching you on the radio from time to time and it's good. Thank you for the soft talk about the raagazinc. We are retuming thxs article by Leopold Schwarzschild very reluctantly, it caused quite an argument here. Some of us thought that a shorter version would start a Hell of a row and be irorth printing, but Ben Hibbs finally decided that it was just too much of an histori- cal funeral sermon to be something for a mass magazine. It might have proved for us if w« >;e^e not, in a number of articles we are putting through just now, already giving our readers a very hcavy diet in the foreign field.
As ever.
artin Sonuners
Mr. H. R, Iß/bt
Enc: 1
Knickerbocker
•^1
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December 12, 1945
Mr. Leopold Schv;arzschild 225 East 57th Street New York, Nev; York
Dear Mr. Scriwarzschlld:
Dorothy Thompson told me your were doing a book on Marx and that in your research you have found some extremely interesting material on hi£ political viev/s. Isn't there a £ood article in it for US?
Will you ^ive the matter your attention and let me hear from you?
LES/jmm
k«.
t
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May lli, 19U7
Mr# Leopold Schyrarzschild 225 East 57th Street New York, New York
Dear Mr. Schrrarzschild:
Congratulations on your new book« I hope it sells a inillion copies«
Yfe have been doing a Serie s of re-evaluations in THE AI.IERICAII IffiRCUHY, and it occurs to me that you are the man to do a piece for us on Karl Marx« Does the idea interest you?
Cordially,
lES/jnmi
FREDERICK M. STERN
100 Forest Avenue
new rochelle, n. y.
TEL. New Rochelle 6-3867
October Jl,1949.
Mr.Leopold rohwai^fzschild ?2b Fast, r)7tl; Strebt New York, N.Y.
Rehr verehrter flerr f^ ohwarfczschilvi:
Eie Nachricht -n neb'^r Sie haber' mich rai t unpr^nd- .1 ich er* Eedaur-rn erfi.ellt und e^' w^ohnirTZt r^c^- ti^f, dass ein Mann ''de Sie so tiefer Entaeuschung ausge- setzt sein sollte. Auch Tjedar-ere ich imt^^r rües^^n Uf.- st^: enden besonders, druss * ch mein Versi:)rrcheTi m^ ch b^'ld bei Ihnen perso'-^n' iC zu melden noch n^'cht susge- fl'-iehrt h?^be. rit'-s haen.^^t ell^^rd1ng,s zur Teil Tiit eini- p-eri Kummer uiid Krankheit bei uns zusar/jnen*
w,^
Ich werde m.lr d^^^•na^chst erlauben bei Ihnen anzu- rufen vnd zu hoerpn ob ich Eie einmal besuchen darf. Inzwischen moocht'^ ich Sie meiner Dankbarkeit fii^r das^ WHP ioh pais Ihr^n Veror f ^pftlichungen ef fahren und p-elernt habe, und meiner allergroessten V'ertschaetzung versichern.
Mit besten Gruessen,
Ihr aufrichtig e^rgebener
-Vuv/
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7.^ternfBld
2, "^lenheim '^d*
london V .1 .Q
20.7.47
'Sehr ^oe^irter 'err Schvvairzschild, :
ich weiss nicht, oh Sie sich Lieiner nocjti aus 1^'ranhfart , Ber- lin oder Paris erinnern werden. Ich bin der Schv/ager der Prohu^i- stin der hirna Sc" 'varaschiid-' nii^^poel lolz , art.^a Jacoiy, and auf meine Veranlassung veroeffent . ic'.ten Sie 1032 in " i.'a,7,öbuch'* den • \rtihol des '^e.^ierungspraesidenten v.'^asse, den Freunde l-rana .0x3- penheimers. In Paris verrdttelte '.c^i Ihre "^-ehaiui-tschaf t ,;:it Ignaz. l^ollschan, de^ Autor eines der ;^rundle Tuender -lecher zum Rassen- proble^n.
""it Interesse lia"" ' ich seither liv^'ei Ihrer le '.2i :en Buecher - 'orld in 'rance urd Pri;:'-r of a comin.: ./orld - ^' 'ne^^i. Ich und sehe Ihren neueio "^uch "The Ted Prussian" :;iit ziemlic er IT ent;]^eqen. Aus den .Irtihel von "'arcuse entneline ich, dass es be- reits erschienen is>, doch ist es hier bis' er ^nicht oruaeltlich, - Ic bedauere 'leute, Sie nicht, Y/ie ich es anfaenglich vorhatte, reohtzeiti,-^ .'^uf «In "^uc" auf rr'csan p.9'-ac";t su haben, das Ihnen \vahrcc':einlich nic^t zur yerfuegun,f stand und das Ihnen v/ahrscheii. Mc^- haette ^or ^"i!.zen sein hoenn^^n. Ich lein' das LS-l in Lloshau
san
eugie:*
'! .'^•* •<
i- deu':3c '.er spräche e3?so'-:i<5n9ne "Earl x'ars:, n::roiiik geines Le^ens Vi Tinzeldaten", clas von f'arx- --npels-Lenin-I nstitiit z isannengestellt ist. O^-gle Lc dL«^r-3 .'erlcnur 6i.-i Njiclisc lagewerk und ksln -Lese-Buch ist Gibt es doc]'. wolil kaun eine ^.uelle, in der a;i die sehr ohskure ^.anpya- Affaere knapper und sachlicher dar^^.es teilt findet als in diesen Buche. • Ich weiss nicht, ob Sie in Ihrem ?>uche diesen Fall uöbörhauin behandel haben, aber falls Sie an eine ir.veite ..uflage der.I:en sollten^, iiioechte ich Ihnen raten, diese ..ngelegenheit nie. :,t ausser "etracht zu lassen. Sie wirft grelleres Lic' t auf -airs und auf .Tngels alS alle Geldangele - genheiten. - T-^lne z'.veite 3ache waere die Frage des illsgiti len Solmes von ''arx, dessen -utter enc'ien Jenuth war und als dessen Vater .ilheln V/olff ei-getragen worden sein soll, ,/ie Kilr "Jr.Curt Jeyer einmal sa^e sollen in .i.en 90er Jahren in der "::eu9n ..eit" ..ierueber se .r interes- sante :)okumaate verosffent:.ickt worden sein. Andere Jokunente ,die si(üi auf diese Sache beziehen, befinden sich in den haenden eines deutschen Fluechtlings in -'^ngl and, . loch ist nir sein harne bisher nicht -enannt ■worden,
.'•s wuarde -.ic!: freuen, Ihiien r]it diesen Hinweisen dienlich zu sein. Ich ei.ipfehle nie. Iltnen nit besteh Crruessen.
ihr
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July 2B^ 1947
Sehr g ehrte Herr Sternfeld:
Ihr Schreiben Ist mir hierher^ v.o lieh den Conrner verbringe, nachgesandt worden, und Ich danke Ihnen sehr» Das Buch wird in I'inglai.d bei melneLi Verleger Hamlsh Hamilton erscheinen, und da dor Termin erst fuer Hi rbst angesetzt ist, wuniere Ich udch, dass in der dort gen Preise ..ereits ein A; tiiLcl von Larcu^e darueb r erschisnen ist. Mein Ausschnltts-Huero hat mir keinen gesandt*
^ •
Die ^'Crnronik" habe ich, wie aus d^^ii Fussnoten meines Buches hervorguht,reichlich benutzt. Aber die Bangya-Affaere habe Ich nicht behandelt »Mir war schon von lem significantereri katc. ial ur)bel genii^j. Und was das ill gitlrce Kind von der Lenchm Demuth anbelangt, muss ich :*;ekennen, dass ich nicht einmal etw^s davon wusste->
Ab
e V
Ich vermute, iass <^s sich da \m ^jtv;as handt-lt, was nicht
dokumentarisch bewt-isbar ist, selbst wenn es v.ahr :.ein soll e- und ich habe aile^ Unbeweisbare streng/, ver::iedf n.
Nochmals besten Dank fuer das Interesse, das aus Ihrem Schreiben ::>pr loht, auch wenn es sich mehr aui' ^^nTx als aur idch bezieht. Und beste 0xues3e
Ihres
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L^^opold vSchv^ar;?:schild
:><.
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%•,
'<■>
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ROWOHLT VeRLÄG GMBH
HAMBURG • STUTTGART
f6RNSPReCHeR: 32 05 84 TeL6CRÄMMÄDR6SS6: KOWOHLTVeRLÄC (240) HAMBURG 1 • RÄTMÄUSSTRÄSSe 27".
Hamburg, den 11.7.47
• •
Ro/Ek*
Herrn
Leopold Sohwarzschild
225 East 57 th Street New York N.Y*
Lieber Herr Schwarzschild!
Zu meinem großen Kummer habe ich keine Antwort auf mein Schrei- ben v.27.1. bekommen. Nun lese ich im *• Hamburger Echo^ v.ll.7# eine Notiz "Leopold Sohwarzschild als Antimarxist" , dass soeben in New York ein Karl Marx-Buch von Ihnen mit dem Titel "Ler Rote Preuße** erschienen sei. Selbstverständlich sind wir an diesem Buch auf das Stärkste interessiert. Ich schicke Ihnen in der Anlage einen ••provisorischen" Tätigkeitsbericht, damit Sie im Bilde sind, was wir inzwischen herausgebracht haben. Ferner sende ich Ihnen in der Anlage eine kleine Broschüre
Gerhard
die Sie sicher davon die zweit England haben w und Österreich, an die Keumann- Als Drucksache sich davon ein
Boldt : Die letzten Tage der Reichskanzlei
interessieren wird. Es erscheint in 14 Tagen e Auflage, das 51*-loo.ooo. Die Rechte nach ir bereits verkauft, ebenso nach der Schweiz
Ebenso haben wir die Weltverfilmungsrechte Produktion Berlin abgegeben.
sende ich Ihnen ferner 2 Ro-Ro-Ho's, damit Sie Bild machen können und zwar
1' Theodor Plievier : Stalingrad Die loo.ooo Exemplare, die wir drucken, sind natürlich längst weg und ^ ^ • ^
1 Kurt Tucholsky : Schloi Gripsholm s
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Dem Verlag geht es ausgezeichnet, mir persönlich ziemlich be- schissen bei der Steuersituation und der allgemeinen schlechten Ernährungslage, das werden Sie sich ja denken können. Am 23*6. haben wir in Stuttgart meinen 6o. Geburtstag gefeiert, es war ein Mordsrummel. Auj:erdeai bin ich geschieden und heirate binnem Kurzem die Schauspielerin Maria Pierenkämper. Ich habe
auch schon einen 2 1/2 Jahre alten Sohn mit ihr.
Also, lieber Herr Schwarzschild, seien Sie lieb und nett und
schreiben Sie mir endlich einmal.
Mit tausend herzlichen Grüßen _
Ihr alter />7^^^^/V^^ ^^
Bonhhonto: BtinAmonn, VVict^ & Co.. Hamburg • Poftfcticchhonto; Hamburg 943 21
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P.S. Vor fünf Minuten habe ich die Notiz im "Hamburger Echo"
gelesen. Da kommt mit der 2. Post ein Brief von Mr. Orange dem Sohn von Paul Graupe. Er schreibt mir : »In New York hoffe ich u.a. Schwarzechild zu sehen. Ich höre, dass Schwarzsohild's Buch über Karl Marx und seine Jünger soeben erschienen oder Am Erscheinen ist, und nehme an, dass das für Sie wichtig sein müsste: wollen Sie, dass ich über eine deutsche Ausgabe mit ihm spreöhe?»
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Dru(h:Vonm«iBentlln KG, 6P 1«', Homburg 11 - 3i7 7S0 llf.47 Kl. S
Sinclair Lev^is; ''3am Doaawürth" und exn Homaii von Juiea Komaina«
Fern r erscheinen iii unBore« Verlag, der '•Finguin'*, Zeitschrift ''für jun^iQ Leate'% in einer Aufla^je von 1 5o-2 Jü lOü Exemplaren, zu eirera Preise von HM -.50 Je Heft und die "Scory'\ "ürzahler des Ausiana-i*\ in einer Auflage von 60 uOo 5xenii>laren zua 1 reise von ItM ••60 Ja heft#
Fol onde Bücher befinden sich in ^orb .reitun^^:
Hans Habe: **üb Tausend faiien'' ^
Sflanfred Schmidt: 'Bilderbuch für Überle]bendo" Alfred Folgar: "Im Vorübe ge'ion'* Vartin Kessel: '•Hooian tische Liebhabereien** Thas alo von Scheff er: ''Le^ienden der Sterne** ' Paul Diötelbarthi "uebendifi^es Frankreich'* ,
" 'Zither /:iaulehn:"WachtVvache im ore$ -nlicbf Hans Reisig-r.: "hin Kind befreit die Röniäin*' Thomas 'olfe: "ücnau heirawärts, Sngel Thomas »^oire: "^Geweb ac.3 Erde'* Ernst Cordes: "Die Lotoslaterne'* Martin Kas el: '^Aphorismen'' Kurt Kusenborg: '*La Bote IIa"
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Tätigkeitsbericht des^Howohlt Verlages seit 19^3t
Ls sind zv^ei Sohwasteriirmen gegründet AOpdeRi die Howohlt Verlag GrabH Hamburg In Hamburg und die rwowohlt Verlag GmbH Stuttgart in Stuttgart*
Hvrr tirnst Kowühlt hat am 27.5#^6* die lizen/. für den Rowohlt Verlag für die britlB-he ü<.ne in Hamburg erhaitv-rit Herr üeinrich Maria Ledig, ein alter ß/,utarboiter Herrn ^^ows^hits, ha a;n 6«il.^ die Lizenz für 3aai die ame ikani che Zone in Stuttgart erhalten. Beide Herren sind Geschäfts** füh.or in baidun Verlbigen, aie daa ;^lQich irru^ramm hab^^*n.
Bis jetzt sind fox -^ncu Buche erschienen:
Joachim Hingelnatz: •'Überall ist .undörland Bricri Kästner i "Das flie^^ende Kl issenzimmei'^ ISrich Kästner: 'IBoi Durchsiohi. m^i.i.er Bücher*' Kurt Tucholsky: "Grass nacn vorn" Prederic F'rokosch: "Sieben au. aar Flucht** Paul Distelbarth: "Franzo^sen urid Deutsche" Erich Kästner: "Fabian"
Krnst Kreuaer: "Die Gesell Schaft to'ä Dachboden" Alex nder Borelius: "Patuji und Frtjinelt" Ferdinand Lion: "fiomantik als deut^hes Schick al Heinz Bert^grün: "Angekreidet" '>
Gerhard Büldt: "Die letzten Tae':;e der Heicnskanzlei" Ernst Kri/uclert "Schwebenaer eg" Jörgen-Frantz Jacobsen: "Barbara und die Männer" Sigisaiund von Radecki: "Jüebenb^u b»' markt" -^
Hans Christian 3ranner: "in Dutzend MonacKen"
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5.80 6.80 4.8t 5.8Ü
5.ao
2.8u •6.— 6.— 6.50 7.50
In der Reihe unserer Rotations-Romane (Ho-Ro-Ro's) Ernejt iierain»ivi,ay: "In einem andern Laiad'* Aiain-Fournier; "Der tjrosse iamerad" Kurt Tuchülak/; " Sc . lo«u Gripsholm" Ju^aeph' Conrad: "Taifun" Thydö iSonnier: "Die kur e ütras. e'* Theodor irlievier: "St.aiirtjrad"
sind erschienen;
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Pur d'it nächste Zeit sind in dieser ffeihe folirend.a Titel gep ant, deren keihcnfoliie jeaocu noch ni.ht fest Stent»
Äiliiam Faulkner: "Licht im AJvjust"\
Jaroslav Hasek: "Dia Abenreuer des braven d'olda en Schwejk"
Erich Kästner: "Drei Manne.- im Schnee"
Charles Korgan: "Der v^uell" •
Aiidrc- Gide: "Die Verlies:3e des Vatikans"
I^nazio Siiuce: "Pontamara''
Joseph Herfcjssheimer: "Das iari.>«r Abendkleid"
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September, 20, 47»
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Mr# Ernst Rov^ohlt Rowohlt Verlag OMBH Hamburf; 1 Kathaus Str. 27«
Lieber Rowohlt:
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Ihr ervSter Brief erreichte mlchp als ich noch ziemlich krank und Im Hospital w^r« Ich v/nr damals zu schwach zu kor- respondleren» Inzwischen bin loh gesund gev/orden und habe mich 5 Monate lang auf dem Lande erholt, und das ist die Si- tuation in der Ihr neues Schreiben ankorjmt« Und loh will hin- zufueren, dasa die Broschuere von Gerhardt Boldt angekornrnen ist und mich sehr Interessierte. In England ist unpcfaehr zu plolcher Zeit ein auafuehrliches Buch ueber dasselbe The- ma erschlenon, das sehr gut sein soll, aber ich nehme en, dass Sie davon gehoert habent Feiner: die zwei Ro-Ro-Ro sind nicht anfrekonment Drittens: der Junge Graupe wnr vorige Woche hier und hat seinen Vater nach England heruebergeholt# Er fragte mlch| ob er Ihnen etwas von mir bnstellon solle, aber ich mecho dns, vlo Sie sehen auf diesen^ Weg«
Nun zu meinem Marx-Buch # Der Junge Graupe sagte mir, dass Sie nach London zu fahren beabsichtigten, und v/enn Sie - diese Absicht eusgefuehrt haben, so wird Ihnen Hamish Hamil- ton vielleicht ein Exemplar gegeben haben, denn der ?]rsohei- nups-Tennln in England muss nahe soin« Aber v/ac das Erschei- nen in deutscher Sprache betrifft, so habe ich mit meinen Af?enten gesprochen, und er sagte mir, dasß er mit feinem schweizer Verlag verhandle und dass er im Augenblick keinen andren Faden nnknuepfen koenne« Auch hat weder er, noch habe ich, eine Vornteilung davon unter welchen üedlnp^ungon heute Buecher in Deutnohland erscheinen koennen und was dabei fuer den Autor, ausser der spirituellen Befriedigung herauskommen kann. Darueber etw^s von Ihnen zu hoeren, wuerde mich auf alle -^^'aelle Interesnlerent
Ich habe mich go uobr^rstanden hohen. Es einer von der alten ^a die Energie, mit der S stellt haben und freue kalten, Srfolg haben, ben dort| wie Sie mit Aber hier ist auch nie
freut, dass Sie sen Krieg glueckllch
ist gut zu wlHjren, dass wenigstens rde noch druebon lebt. Ich bev/undere le Ihre Firma wieder auf die Beine ge- mich, doss Sie, im Rahmen der Moeglich^ Ich kann mir vorstellen, dass das Le- altor Farbigkeit saren, beschisnen ist. ht alles eitel Honig* y ^
Ich beglueck\*mensche Sie nachtraegllch zu Ihrem 60 Ge- burtstag und zu Ihrer neuen Frau, und gruesse Sie herzlich von meiner alten und immer noch ersten.
Bestens Ihr
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SATORDAV NIGHT
TORONTO
CAl WEEKL]
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32 Wychwood Park,
Toronto 10,
Ap . 18/ 47 .
I^ear Mr .Schwarzschild:
I had no luck nhoi pnoning you v/hen I was In N,York a fortnlght vdth the United Nations, last November. I am hoping for better fortune this time,v/hich will be a one-week stop April 27 -May 3.
Would you please mark down a dinner engagement on your calendar, some eveninfi; betv/een Honday and ShaxBÄay^BXxpBriaajac Friday? Die Reihe ist an mir, Aiso,do drop me a note as to whether you still want those back numbers of the MB. I haven't looked at them for some time,but as I recollect,there should be about 90 percent of the numbers for the vears 1935-40.
Do you know,I have watched for the ^ed Prussian,and so far the only sign I have seen of it,is on the back jacket of Nisi Dominus, by the same publisher (E.Hamilton?) Has it not been published in America?
The"Primer" (which I still thinlc was unfortunately naraed) v/ould make pretty good reading today. Hov;
about üicking it up from there.and projectAng events another three years ahead? Or ten years, If you wish. But v/ould you confidently predict 20 or SO years ahead?
Personally.I'w v/orking up an arlicle on forming a Russian Coramittee of "ational Liberation .all of ex-Soviet figures,not Tsarist or Trotskyite.and carry ing a real counter-offensive to Stalin.' He v/ouldn't like that at all.
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'3^hr ^liib -^^i 7 t>-tei^x*it^f
I a^ rio ry I Mlsstr^J ^ou tüt^en yoii ia ^ '^f*r><e in
tf«^ View, of ^ furioi««a itch af t>ici <kia fl\. axid .»i;;ht, Oiily ü »varilh .o I -vas a^'fi itexy c ire and
to forgöi Ol* th' i'tst r^7mlnJor:^. -j th;r.t u hi ^py e^i'^o^^ ^i^* ^^^ Si ing «iir --• und so I once at_>Un
shfii not tir.Te tnc^ pxcasiiT' to see yrru
Publicatioa oatc ot* The iiett Prassisii nere i.. ÜS will
be -kia> x^.'Ch^whiit: It ''AiLi not be br-fo e fajLX^ in
ragian^ij aiti.oü»,;h t^^; iaiUil5*h r has Lv*%n Cv>iit.i.nu-rji': tc
announct: It sine«*? tivo yer.rs^Hut tn^^ prrlo^:! neccossary for etzin ,,crii:ti. r u .m. a:iu bXnXiUrj a ouOk i..
rjQglanä s eiar> to be no^arj^yn ö x»onth.^,aTi4 It as
ar.aln thl3 >-._r;>:nt..:-ji v.hic« px^^üvi^nt- <i ne froia fi-^ishla, tJie j^ja^ascrl^-^t for iieari> a ^ua:^
Your ijea of transiating the acsiract 3^ ecuJLati.o, s
i-ri;;»» r iaro i-raccic-
pr* <
-jicclöii;? for vliti n* X
locadcs is t^^iptin^^ bat as to me,Ty t ou/^nti-. h.ve tnr cct since i startca lönaw ¥^:i.t-r tntr ;i.i't'i< l> oK froiit the 4i>estion of hov\ thiii.,3 are goin to aevcio^ to
tht=j ciuestiui of ho).- thiii^:» b^.caiie v-;..it tiit^^y .,re» V^ry pr.'bably I uRaÜ vrtte a ^erond Vü,.iutm,'i*he '€»1 Pru::5in.*i If rit:.;i^ i;^i.j.>.n.^ the :tor> Oi co itiOiiisiü froa ;ä;arx*s death tc do'a» - -^.^^
Itir tr rubir iiiU't ycur idea o/ ttit' i>ussi.^-n v.Ob«it«^tte of jLiL*;rati • st^v. s to t:t ;.iiv/.carx^ c%^i.-.|,i.- tt; i-aCü of riusslans wxth .ulhorxty äDä in^i iring confiience* ' v€; i! tn^y ex-^slc. otviin^fcir^wotnt^üf- . o^ ihe frt:-«tl/;c of hctvii.2g ^A.'oii tht^ar, ;*öuii i^ot xieceäSiiriiy r. tr'iit t^^-^ßjbiin ,. ^.ut"^Tieri7~äre Uiey,rJio.;e :u :^iari iklassaryiLs atroal ?
M ' ~ 9»m w^m I* i^fc**
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our Ifcieäfcraehen v.lxl o:xe a.:ai. be dela>'eü,an'i I regret lt. But I hope It V'aii.»_t,^l>K iiy äoü.. tii-s t Af t r üxl,.- tu£?-ir*esÄi:..,i3 h» r^; cailea Tu nto tte
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ROWOHLT VERLAQ QMBH
HAMBURQ . STUTTQART
(24a) HAMBURQ 1, RATHAU S STRAS S t «7,11.
FERN RUF: 320584 TELEQRAMMADRESSE: RÖWO H LTVt R L/\g
16 • Dez. 1947* R/'^
Leopold Schwarzschild 225 iiast 57 th otreet New rork 2?.
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ito •♦
/Ich
Lieber ochwarzschild!
Ich habe mich riesig über Ihre Zeilen vom 2o. September ds.Js, gefreut und vae es so geht, gestern besuchte mich Herr von ^ugen vom .^uerido-Verl'ag und erzählte mir, daß er oie drüben geBr)rochen habe. 3r zeigte mir auch Ihr Buch "V'^n Krieg zu Krieg", aber lei- der zeigte er es lair nur- und <:il s ich ihn bat, es mir hi^-^rzulaasen, konnte er mir di^-3sen ..un^ch leider nicht erfüllen, versprach aber, es sofort, wenn er wieder in .Amsterdam sei, an mich abzuschicken. Ich freue mich schon riesig auf die Lektüre. Ich habe mit Herrn von j-Ut^en allerlei ir'lane und ..Möglichkeiten durchgesprochen und hoffe, daß sich diese ir^^endv.ie in absehbarer Zeit verwirklichen lassen, üiis freut :aicn, daT: Jie wenigstens Gerhard Boldt ''Die letzten Tage der R-^lchskan zlei" erhalten haben, ••ir haben Jetzt gerade eben von der deutsciiexi ku^^a^^z das lol. bis Ibi. Tausend aus^^edruckt. hjine engiiscae nus^aoe erzene inr o^i i^ucivv^orth, ausBer- dem eine hollanöi sehe, eine schweizer und •ine osterrd^'^che ^lusgahe. Das Buch von Trever-Roper, das - wie ich schon von verschiedenen Selben hörte - in England und Amerika ein gro'>ser Srfolg ist, ist hier in der -^c'ivveiz erschienen. Boldt besitzt ein Exemplar, da er mit Trever-Hoper in Korrespondenz steht. Aber von der Jchv. eifeer ixusgabe habe ich selbst noch nicht ein einziges jixemplar gesehen. Bas ist der grosse Nachteil der Schweizer Bücher, daß sie nicht nach Deutschland hereinkommen, l'brigens hat das Manuskript von Bolot offenbar Trever-Roper vorgelegen. Das T.'^anu skript lag monate-- lang bei der englischen Zensur, die es zunächst nicht genehmigen wollte, es dann aber plötzlich freigab. - * " , .-
Ich schicke Ihnen nochmals im Brief Tucholsky ^'Schloß Gripsholm" und iLrich Kastner ''Drei I>/ianner im. ochnee'\ damit .3ie wenigstens einen Regriff von den Ho-Ro-Ro bekommen, jie erschein^":;n in loo ooo i'Jxemplaren und sind irririier sofort vergriffen. In der ^i.nlage schicke ich Ihnen unser letztes^ Verl agsverzeichnic , aus d^m gie entnehmen können, dal? wir schon ganz gut wieder in ochuß gekomirien sind.
Ich habe jetzt ivlitte Novsmber von .,berst Tjulpanow eine russische Lizenz für Belletristik erhalten. Gleichzeitig haben wir eine Nie- derlassung in der französischen Zone in Baden-Baden aufgemacht, die
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Bankkonto: Brinckmann, Wirtz & Co., Hamburg • Postscheckkonto; Hamburg 943 21
Kurt Kusenberg leitet. V.'ir bekommen jetzt in der französischen und in der russischen Zone auch t'apier und das ist ja nun einmal das A und ü für uns. Daß iaul Graupe in x^ondon ist, weiß ich. Er hat mir schon von London aus geschrieben. Ich hoffe immer, In abseh- barer Zeit auch einmal nach London fahren zu können, aber daseist doch .nicht so einfach, vae es manchmal aussieht.
Was nun Ihr Ida-rx-Buch anbetrifft, so habe ich es bis heute noch nicht aus London erhalten. Natürlich hat eine Schweizer Ausgabe den grossen Vorteil, dai- oie Levisen bekommen können. Aber darum dreht es sich doch bei einem s jlchen Buch nicht allein. In der ochv.eiz werden Jie - sagen wir einmal - <2ooo bis Jooo Exemplare verkaufen, in Deutschland könnten oie i;j Augenblick das lo und' 2ofache absetzen. Ls gibt erstens die Möglichkeit über die ameri- kanische Infurmation-Gontrol, also über .'.'ashington, einen '/ertrag zu machen, nach dem ;jie einen geringen Devisenbetrag erhalten, Ls gibt aber auch die i^öglichke;.t , daB wir mit dem entsprechenden ochweizer Verlag ein Abkommen über eine deutsche Ausgabe schliessen und auf dem Tauschwege = Rechte gegen Hechte, Bücher gegen Bücher wird dann be-stimrat ein höherer Devisenbetrag in Schweizer tranken für oie dabei herauskommen. Ls wäre also für uns sehr wichtig, mög- lichst rasch zu wissen, rnit "'elchem Schweizer Verlag Ihr *igent verhandelt, iils gibt aber auch die IV.öglichkeit , über^'den «^uerido- Verlag, Amsterdam. Diese li:ög:.ichkeit habe ich gerade in diesen Tagen mit Herrn von l::ngen durchgesprochen. Ich bin überzeuert, daß vo dem i';iarx- Buch gut 2o bis 3ooüo L^emplare in Deutschland zu^verkau- fen sind. ;;as meinen eigenen Standpunkt bezüglich der Politik des Verlages anbetrifft, so schicke ich Ihnen in der Anlage ainen Aus- schnitt aus d-yn "otart". Die-: ist eine russisch lizenzierte Ju-irend- zeit Schrift und es handelt SJ.ch um eine Antwort von mir auf Vor- würf<-, die mir wegen der Herausgabe von Gerhard Soldt "Die letzten Tage der Reich skanzlei'* von einem Mitarbeiter des "3tart" in die- ser Zeitschrift gemacht wurdc^n. Daraus können oie alles entnehmen.
Ich k-oin mir vorstellen, daß auch I>ir Leben drüben nicht so ganz einfach ist. Trotzdem muß ich sagen, daß ich für mein Leben gern - sozusagen vor meinem Tode - noch einmal 2^ord-Amerika und vor allen New lork mir ansehen möchte, fiber dazu wird es wohl nicht mehr kommen. Ls bestände höchstens die Möglichkeit, daß mich der alte Sinclair Lewis in absehbarer Zeit doch noch einmal einladet, was er eigentlich ruhig mal. -"Bchen könnte. •. - >, v ..
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Ihre Gattin bitte ich oie recht herzlich zu gössen. Im ubri,^___ bin ich noch nicht wieder ve:^heiratet , da meine Scheidungspapiere aus Srasilien noch nicht einp-etroff en sind.
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Vorige iioche v.ar ich in Frankfurt zur Premiere von Zuckniri^^ers "Des Teiifels General" mit Zuckmayer zusammen, iilr ist absolub der alte geblieben. ..ir haben selir schöne otunden zusammen verbracht. Mit Paulchen Ma^^er stehe ich in lebhafter Korrespondenz. Er sitzt in kexico. - oie können sich denken, daß sich hier augenblicklich so allerlei tut wirtschaftlich und politisch. Ich hoffe immer noch, daß es in London zu einer Einig un"g komnt, den ich bin kein Freund des Gedankens, daß es eirt '.Vestdeutschland und ein Ostdeutschland geben soll. Aber da heißt es jetzt nur abwarten! Es bleibt uns ja • nichts anderes übrig.
Also, lieber Herr Schwär zschild, ich hoffe, daß ich bald wieder . von Ihnen höre, daß. oie ein angenehmes ..eihnachtsf est verleben und ein besseres und gesünderes neues Jahr vor sich haben werd
Einstweilen looo Grüsse von
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Mr. Lawrence F. Hurley, Editor NATION »S BUSINESS ü. S, Chamber of Commerce Bullding Washington 6, D. C, |
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Dear Mr» Hurley:
With reference to the artlcle "Russia Cannot Equal American Production" which appeared in yoxir December issue, may I expresß my surpiUse that an artlcle wrltten with eo llttle fore- sight appears in your magazine«
JIr. Schwarschild neglected to teil us that Russia cannot develop her natural resources from the sale of goods to people in Europe* Nearly every country in Europe has been a liability for the last 150 years*
RuBsia, in order to develop her natural resources and utillze these resources for the manufacturing of goods, needs money and equipment Her first objective will be to manufacture as raany articles as she can competitively and seil them at the higest markets. Ob^riously this is the United States. With such money they will purchase machines, tools, build factories, and make more goods. TJiey will always seil at the highest markets and increased production will finally reach the European countries where the prices for the same goods mannfactxired will be less than they can obtain in Aroerica. Mr. Schwarschild overlooked this possibility completely, and with regret I say that we already have too rauch of this over-optimistic attitude in the United States. We are drlfting away completely from those principles which made this country great. Instead of producing more for less, we are producing 3«ss for more. We are increasing living costs and increasing wages. How many times can we do ttils before we face economic disaeter?
Very truly yours,
O.A. Visser
915 South Canton
Tulsa, Oklahoma
i:\A Glie(('-^^] 1?ok7-3Ij1
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A-- , ^^^ Lj-^ xL^r^'-:.. r. '•■■-■ "'T * ^i'^TTg^T, 'iTTTlrf "iiiTT^— ii'.- **-r-ii^jrt-^ i, u n\ i'irTfuf fi' "■
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Currloulum vltae of Leopold Sohvmrzsohild 189X -, born at Frankfort on the Main*
1891»1918 Sohool and Unlverslty, (Politica, Hlstory and Economios).
Plrst publioations in various Oemifln newspapers and maga- zinÄS« Service in the Oerman World War I-anny, s
1919'-1921 I began to wrlte a weekly column on polltloal and eoonomlo
subjeots for the ^^Frankfurter Zeltun^^ and another newapaper in Berllnt The treasury of the Grerman Republlc entrusted me with the orp^anization in two provinoes of it's first loan* I wrote a dramai ^Smnpf^whioh was successfully pro- duoed in many cities of Gerrriany, Austria^ Czechoslovakiat
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1921->1933 A newly published weekly in Berlin^ '^Das Ta^e-Buch^,> offered
me the position as co-editor and co-publishert In 1927 my partner retired, and from then on until Hitler came ^jopover in 1933 I edited ^Das Neue ^age-Buch^» alone, and wrote every v/eek a considerable part of it myself« Its influence and circulation grew stoadily, and it played a leading part in the battels of that period« It was^ for inotancei the first German publica tion that undorstood the nature of the Mark- debacle of the early 20*h# The magazine was equally alone in its desperate campaign against the super-deflation policy of 1930-32 which| indeed^ broke the neck of the republic# And from the early 20*8 to the end the ^Tage-Buch" stood at the forefront of the fight against the gradual recrudescence
of German natlonalism and milltarlsm, and the advance of Nazlsm«
Döring these same years I founded and was edltor of two more weeklles in Berlin« They wera meant to serre the same causes by different means* One, ^Monta^ Morgen^ > was inten- ÄÄtionally kept ^low brow*^ and populär« The absolute antitheses of this one was the almost esoteric ^Map;azin der Wirtschaft^ — • in some resepcts a Oerman counterpart of the London ^Economisf , but going a good deal farther in elucidating the theoritical, scientific backgrouhds and ramif ications of every subjeot«
1933*>1940 After Eitleres advent^ I inade a narrow escape from Germany«
My name figured on the list of the first 33 "enemies of the Reich and people^ who were deprived of their oitizenship« I wrote ^End to Illusion^, published in 1934 in German and Englishi — a book which dealt with a subject extremely un- populär at that time: the beginnings of the German rearmeinent| and the inevitability of war, should this sort if thing be
r
allowed to continue«
In Paris I revived the Tage-Bucfe under the name "Das Neue Tage-Buch"^ and edited it from the middle of 1933 to May 1940, when Hitler invaded France. As far as I know, this was the only "refugee''- publica tion that was Chief ly read by non-refugees all over the world, and was recognized and used by many authorities and newspapers of many country as an authoritative source« In addition to surveying the Ger- man scenei it discussed the developments on and behlnd the international stage, and in almost every case irs analyses were borne out by subsequent events# I was, in particular,
\
1910»19^9
one of the r^re Anti-Nazis who did not fall victim to the po- pulär franf-litany of 3oviet Russia. For long years before the Stalin-Hitler-Pact I refuaed to recognize the existence of any antigoniam of principle between Moscow and Berlin, and did not put any trust in the Kremlin words and assuranoes, and consistently warned to expect more exasperating surpirises from this quarter than from any other.
After the collapse of France I came to this country. There I nearly iinmediately after my arrival I started to write for the Oxford Univers ity Press a book about the kinship between Nazism and Sovietism. The day it was to go to press in June 19U Hitler chose to Jump at Stalin» s throat, and the book
was never printed.
I then began work at a history of the between-the two-wars- era. "World in Trance", subtitled: "From Venrailles to Pearl Harbor", was published in 1942, and has since been translated into eleven languages. It caused some stir when Winaton Chur- chill, prior to an Empire Conference in London, sent copies of the book to each one of the partioipatdng fir.ltish and Domi-
4
nion miniaters, and requested them to read it befor| the ope-
ning of the Conference« .
In 19U a new volume I had writeen was published in this country, and subsequently translated into ten other languages: "Primer of the Coming \Vorld"(Knopf ) . It was an inquiry into the prinoiples and prospecta of the world-settlement to come. In contradistinction to the chiliastlc fantasies with which the public was bombarded at that time, it was an attempt at
. j ._ .1 . . -r»
-' ^■- -^ - L J ^ . - ^1
a cool rational appraisali and consequently Its ooncluslonS| suggestions and antiolpatlons were rather pesslinistio in character. Hlstory, unf ortuna tely, has chosen to oorrobotate thls book rather than the communis opinio«
In 1947 my biography of Manc^ entitled ^^The Red Prussian^ (Scribner)i was publishedt Thls biography, not haglography, was the product of a life-time of studies, and of many years of workt The pioture it unfolded was completely at variance with the conventional one, but although a number of eealously Marxist reviewers attacked it, none of thera ever de red to con- test the accuraoy of even one of the hundreds of unknown facts It revealed» They couldn* t because every Single one of these facts was documentes by quotatlons from the most authentic •ources — for the most part from Marx* and Engels ♦ own non- public writings. Up to now translations have been published or are being prepared in seven other V/estern langiiages.
In continuation of this volume which ends with Marx* death^ I am working at "The Re<-1 Prussians ^eritage»» -- the erratlc history of Marxism from 1883 onward#
t
"^^
Currioulum vltae of Leopold Sohwarzsohlld 1S91 -, born at Trankfort on the Main,
1891-1918 School and üniversity. (Politloa, Hlstory and Economics) .
Plrst publloatlons in various German newspapers and maga- zines. Service in the German World War I-army, ■'^
1919-1921 I began to write a weekly column on politlcal and economic
subjects for the "Frankfurter Zeitung" and another newspaper in Berlin. The treasury of the Oerman Republlc entrusted me with the Organization in two provinces of it*s first loan. I wrote a drama, "Sumpf"which was successfully pro- duced in many eitles of Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia.
1921-1933 A newly published weekly in Berlin, "Das Tafte-Buch", offered
me the position as co-editor and co-publisher. In 1927 my partner retlred, and from then on until Hitler came topower in 1933 I edited "Das Neue l'age-Buch" alone, and wrote every week a considerable part of it myself, Its influenoe and - circulation grew steadily, and it played a leading part in the battels of that period, It was, for instance, the first German publica tion that understood the nature of the Mark- debacle of the early 20» w. The magazine was equally alone in its desperate campaign against the super-deflation policy of 1930-32 which, indeed, broke the neck of the republic. And from the early 20 »s to the end the "Tage-Buch" stood at the forefront of the fight against the gradual recrudescenoe
one of the rare Anti-Nazis who did not fall victim to the po- pulär frent^-litany of 3oviet Russia. For lonR years before the Stalin-Hitler*Pact I refused to recognize the existenca of any antägonlsm of princlple between Moscow and Berlin^ and did not put any trust in the Kremlin words and assurances, and consistently warned to expect more exasperating surpirlses from this quarter than from any other.
19^0-1949 After the collapse of France I came to this country. There I
nearly immediately after my arrival I started to write for the Oxford Univers ity Press a book about the kinship between Nazism and Sovietism. The day it was to go to press in June 1941 Hitler chose to jump at Stalin* s throat, and the book was never printed«
I then bep;an work at a history of the between-the two-wars- era# ^World in Trance^ t subtitled: •♦From Verwailles to Pearl Harbor**, was published in 19^2, and has since bean translatad into eleven languages* It caused some stir when Winston Chur- chill, prior to an Empire Conference in London, sent copies of the book to each one of the participatdkng British and Demi- nion ministers, and requested them to read it befor^ the ope- ninfr of the Conference.
In 1944 a new volume I had writeen was published in this country, and subsequently translated into ten other languafees: ^Primer of the Coming World^(Knopf ) » It was an inquiry into the principles and prospects of the world-settlement to come« In contradistinction to the chiliastic fantasies with which the public was bombarded at that time, it was an attempt at
-*> •
I I
a cool rational appraisal, and consequently Its conclusions, suggestions and antloipatlons were rather pesslmistlc in character. Hlstory^ unfortunately, has chosen to corrobotate this book rather than the communis opinio.
In 1947 my biography of Marx^ entitled ^The Red Prussian^ (Soribner), was published. This biography, not hagiography, was the product of a life-time of studies, and of many years of work. The picture it unfolded was completely at variance with the conventlonal one, but although a number of ssealously Marxist reviewers attacked it, none of them ever dared to con- test the acouracy of even one of the hundreds of unknown facts it revealed# They couldn*t because every Single one of these facts was documentes by quotetions froin the most authentio sources — for tha most part from Marx' and Engels • own non* public writings, üp to now translations have bean published or are being prepared in seven other Western languages.
In continuation of this volume which ends with Marx' death, I am working at ^The Red Prussians ^eritage^ — the erratic history of Mnrxisra from 1883 onward»
.__ -^
\
Leopold SchwarzBChild
Short blography
lÄ91born in Franc fürt o/U
I
untll 19U Study (Eoonomlcs). Firat publlcations in "Frankfurter Zeitung"
>
■^'^
1915-18 World War I (in Geman army)
1920 "Sumpf", a drama, produced in Vienna, Leipzig, Prague etc.
1921 Co~Editor of "Das Tage-Buch", a general polltical and lite-
rary weekly in Berlin. At the same time for.tv/o l^ars, co-
I
i
lumniat of "Berliner Boersen-Courier" (Berlin Stock Exchanpe — *
Gazette")
1922 Part-Owner of "Das Neue Taße-Buch", Berlin
1923 Co-Founder and Owner of a second weekly in Berlin, "Der Mon-
tag Morp'en", a weekly of the character of a daily.
192^ Founder of his third weekly "Magazin der Wirtschaft", a
scientific mapazine on efionomics« 1933 Left Germany after Hitler took over. Re-eä tablished in Paris ,
I
France, "Das Neue Tage-Buch". In all these yeara there
was
not oiiTy no connection whatsoever between Mr. Schwarzschild
or his papers and the Communist party or ideology, lie was, on the contrary, in proctically every important matter on" the oppoaite aide of the fence. —
19^0 "Das Neue Tage-Buch continued it's publication in Paris
throughout the war and the Stalin-Hitler-Pact (while erery ) —
Copimunist or fellow-travellerish paper in France was sup-- -preasedl) until the Germon Ar^y was approaching Paria, Afte:
I
the French collapse, Schwerzschlld escaped to the USA. 1941 Wrote a book for Oxford Unlversity Press, New York, on'^The Twlns Nazlsm ana tToniTnunism*», whlch was stopped in the^ro-
(
t-
cess of printing beceuse Hitler had attacked the Soviets, and •oplÄions thöt were Inimical to the latter were no longer öonsl
4ered opportune •
1942 Wrote and publlshed in Ihe USA "World in Trance»^, a histry of the
r
between-the wars- period« It was translated in 12 languageSi and-
it's qiost effective Propagandist was Mr. Churchill who sent co- —
ples of It to the mexnbers of his own cabinet, and the Domion
Oab ine ts ||
1944 Published "Primer of the Coming War^ (Knopf, New York) which again
wa5_ .translated in all Western languages. The last chaptera are,
all of them, poleroics against Communism and Socialism».
1947 Published "The_Red Pruasian" (Scribner^s^ NewJTork), the first
thorough^ and thoroughly "debunking biography oX Karl Marx which aroused a real fury in the Communist and fellow traveller presg*
The U.St War-^epartment aquired the rights for publication in
Germany, and editions in all Western languages are forthcoming#
1943-49 Wrote nany articles for American newspepers and l^agazines, among
them ''The New York Times Map:azine"; the organ of the US Chamber
of Commerce^ »♦The Nation Business^ etc.
■« ■ - _
.!
I
Li
//
Leopold Soh\/or7.ßohlld
ür.Loopold r>ohu;rr^ßohild,w!^o nrnnaged to nnko n hnzr.rdouo ©Boope fron l'Tfinoo nitor tHo oollnpo« and hae Just orrived In th© United ötntt!0,lo n Hurpponn oolobrlty,
Of hlm nnd one of hia bookß r^r. lokhnm r>teed wrot©j,,»'*In t}i«eo dnrk dnycjOlQur thoiißhte hovo th© vrilue of t^old, Leopold ßoh^mrsBOlilld»© book ie ovldonoo of th© foot thnt nt lonnt ono mo.n in lünropo Ig thlnlcing olearly nnd Inoxorably nnd haß the Gouroe© to utter hin thoutijhtß publloly "*
Rr. innton Churohlll: . • • ."TTr ,noh\7r,r78oliild ♦ a wTltlnßS f^re \velf;lity,ln f«ot Invi lUM'olo^oontributlono to tho onliGlitoniiiont of thoßo who ORTo to bo onl Ißht onod , , , , "
Thonno rnnn :**..,. r!r.Loo:")old r".ohw)r7f?.ohi!d ie n vory . brillnnt polltlO'-'l publiolot.n ^ood hator^n poworful etllbt.t««"
Dr.IInrry D.aitieonne.ProBldont of Brooklyn Colloeo:,,,,"Thoro oro very fov. annlyntB of tho European oituntlon w)io hnvo no bro(jd nn und erat nndlnß of th© ooonomlo,politicnl and idooioGiOc:! eopcote In tholr int rvowon rolntlon.Peroonnlly,! hnvo for mony yenro ©njoyod tho njof^rkcble ©dltorinlo r'r.rjolv.'or^BOhild vvroto for tho riouo Tnßo«Iiuoh.,,,,"
riTjH.! : .ICniokerbookori « « , ."Tlio bent book thnt hon boon dono on Illtlor Oomrny ond Itö slcnlflo.-noo for iAiropo, Leopold Schv/rrsochlld lo on© of tho olonrost politioal thinliore in Buropo,.., ,•"
Mr.noh\^nr7.nolilldG fnno In tho Old orld r;;Btod on tho fnot thfit hc oorabinep tho knc 'ledee of n hiotorlnn v/ith thnt of nn ©oonomint:nnd tho nost oorupulouG oolentifio nnolyols v;i(.h the onpnolty to npply It noutoly to ourront ovonta,,,,,,
Aftor finlr-hlnß hlo studloo nn«; travollinti nll ovor tho BBajnäal oontln<^nt b<?foro tho flrot v/orlO vmr,ho JoinoO the Gtcff oi" thn Krf^nkfurt'^r ■ citnnc./ftor tho wer t o aermnn ülnlctry oC i'ln; noo on«j.^ed hin for npoolnl nnnlßnoraonts.In his lelsur© hourG ho wroto n polltlonl Ornmn ".^'iirapf " (^lie Svmnp) ,v/hloh wra GUOCOGofully produood tliroiiehout r;Gmnny,Czoolioclovmkln nnd Auctrin •
inirlnc th© ycnre frora Ij o tO 10';» ho ©et bliahcd in Dorlin threo difforent v;o©klleßjv4iioh h© oditod r.intilt' naucely (Voluraoo nro to bc found tho inbllo Lihrr.ry.ITev-York nnd othorö):
"l)f'0 Tnrobuoh.n conor.';! poiitloal cifad It^rnry vv-fvoKly :%'.r.."zin dor IrtGohni-t.nn orc-' n of coiontifio oooaoiaic röoef;r' r'ontnr, '.'orr.on^n uopulnr vvookly
In tho: o pnpoTB r:r«rch'.vnrv'-oohlld v/roto innunorffbl© nrtioloc..,.
In 19:'ii> ho lind to floo Oonanny.]!© v/ont to i'cris./^^nin.h© öEJtnblinhod n \/ okly ;Pnn Mouc Tnr.obuoh.i Ü;. tnnk .nu to ßorutini. o tho Intornntlonrl dovolop( jn-mt 8 l'to • eto •..•••• .Thero vvnc in foot nlnoßt, no Inportnnt Internntionnl ovont bet^oon 19^.>S rnd lü40, whloh tSohv^rzr.chlld hnd not lont; boforo antiolpntod ^inoludin^; the ntnlln-iritlor Hp.ot,v;!iich ho prodiotod poroiotently rlnoo 1920,
IT© nmod up hie \7nmlnt;8,procnooticntionB nnd onflysea in 0 boo'r,'.'hloh nc eorly nr 103^. outllnod nenrly oll of tho suboc U'iHt Gvonts.lto tltlo in tho ;ait;lleh edition lö
Bnd to Illusion. and It was thlo book,v/hloh produoed moct of the rcviov.'s fron whioh we -^uotod above,, .,,,., .
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BROOKLYll GOLLEGPJ Bedford Avenue and Avenue H
Brooklyn N.Y.
Harry D.Gideonse. President
October 2,194o
Miss Frances J.Pratt Foreign Policy Association 82 East 38 Street New York N.Y,
Dear Miss Pratt :
This letter will introduce to you Mr .Leopold Schwarzschild, who has just arrived in
New York City and has for raany Years edited ^^Das Neue Tage-Buch'\I have had a long discussion with Mr. Schwarzschild and think he might fit admi- rably into some of your urogram arrangements this Fall'.
There are very few analysts of the European Situation who have as broad an understanding of economic jpolitical and ideological aspects in their interv/oven relation.Person''?'lly,I have for many years en.joyed the remarkable editorials he v/rote for the ''Neues Tagebucfe" and I find his oral analysis of the same q.uality.
Both he and I v/ould appreciate v/hatever you may be able to do for hira.
Sincerely yours ^ Harry D.Gideonse
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■savöQ
t^öpold Schwarzschlld Mr «Leopold .q^-hw^-n-7.c,nhi 1 ri jWhn /^mi1 fi ndventourously
---- -^ ' ^e^fft^'raonthS after the collapse aÄ*^ has ^^^vvor"
Franc e
arrived in the United States, is a European celebrity. Of him and one of his^books Iv\r . V/ipkham_ St- e ed. . former editor of the London*Times^ and W:-r!£ieir one of the ^i<iiiii^i most distinguished authors on political and historical problems,^»ritesi Pv-^ -^^--^ ^ O^ '
^0 it Cert&c^'^»
cCc
7c s"^ cf
urJv k '
"In these dart days. clear thoughts have the value of gold, Leopold Sch^varzschildp book Is evidence of the fac^^that at lenst one man in Europe is thinking clearly and inexorably and has the couragefbo ^iviit utter his thoughts publicly."
Mr.V/-un,^t.nm Ohiirrjjill ,nov/ PrimcMnister of Great Britain declares j^hat "Mr.Schv/arzschildfe pr^iblioatioftc " are \veighty,in fact invaluable contributions to the enlightenment of those who care to be enlightened."
^ftf^T^pmgs Mami^ S^I^'Mr .Leopold Schwarzschild is a very brill;ant political publicist,a good hator,a po^^erful stylist".
To quote an Araerican.the President of Brooklyn College, Dy Jla rry ^ p.fij d eons ej
"There are very fev; analysts of the European Situation Who have as broad an understanding of the economic, political and ideological aspects in thoir intorvowen relation. Personally I have for many years enjoyed the remarkable editorials Mr. Schv/arzschild v/rote for the ^lieu^T_agebucIjfc^' and I find his
oral analysis of the same quality."
k^v»
^ Another wellknovm American,who^knov//£lrope intimately Äi»«<^ tv-enty years,Mr..h\R.KnickerbockeT»uj.Jsj-P.. -^
"The best book that has been done on Hitler Germany and its significance for Europe. Leopold Sch^varzschild is one
I I
. imfcmh hffl rnjQ33.anii!iamjti
of tho clearest political thinkers in Europa."
wi
■'r^j'iniir! in the Glä Qontinonfe- for ^ combiniö^ the- ' uol i ii Li .■. jim knov/ledse^ of a^ historian aft4 of
Mr , 3 c hwa r z s c h i 1 d ^ w
an eoononlst;^^ oui ibinlii;^:, the most scrupulous scientific analysis with the capacity to apply it acutely to current
.Thio,togothor with
fi brillant c^
■q1-.rih1 1 cthrif^ hin rnmn.
(^Ij^ 4^ (l^t Ur^cl ü^ finish^Mf^>
Studios und travel/rrrü thi"^up»h/the
cont
e ;ioinec /^jr!'Ci''i"'* tlv — ^
■Mb
^ihin'j; lann
t
f CK/^''^^^-^ AV-^^r--^^
V
(^
^«_
the staff of the ^F r n nk f urt e r Zeit un; - . ^ -n, j x.
'ter the war (fc t^aontinuegj this wonU;^ the sairie tlrae the Gerraan Ministry of /Kx^ finnnce enf^age^sf hirn for special
n his leisure hours ho wix Loti yi^^ a Bol'tical drama "Su-^^/^
'^jf)llliifi1^f vredictinß the broakdov/n of the rcvolutionary raovement
Mrf
(ÄO
or tho Periode -jjid |.jra.>A^^iV^^vith great success throußhout) Gzecho- slovakia/Auntria» mt*
for him threef^TeeTTlies o;£L^U^f,.i uiL klu^^rr-rttrct^^fa^B^ stoultan(o%sly^entirely according to his(iieas. The volmies
are to be found in every first-clacs Arierican library:0 FBas raf^e-]Juch'',a general politicalylitcrary v/eekly of high niagazin der '..irt schaff». an organ ^ scientific economic
research;and a populär weekly called ^Monta^ Morp:en''.Ti'.ir .
üchvarzschild devotc^(,io th Jiim
ese
paporsjall his 4^e^^V/rltins
Ä-Tir"Eicles and gathering around hin ,
a"^
o
cont ributors, the br^Lj^thn^^G ^f evory kliu^ in Surope.In par- ticulai- ho fMA^i^^i£tt,Brlj jthc rca^/akenlng terman natio- nalisni u^r all itrs different political , econoraical ,cultural
I I
and moral aspects,^L. ll.t >^..']ni^ timo hopolobbl^i üühu lin! ed that XHitlerisin vrr^g m-nrly hrinna Ly [■■üiiiT
c^c^ C<rvvJ2^
^
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rhjhe hcW^to floe '#iu.ii Germany^ l^eTT!^; put on bis hoadjiis ' " ' "~
A
Mon-Nazis
.vmen the nev; 1^^^ie4^/of ÄVolarinf; prominent j^^/ '^tlcTjriu^ of th(/Ger^rian oitlzenship'» yfiTs name ;i^^ U/U/i^i-U- U/U/M nipper^T^i^;ihe firSTMe^-i^of this kind.O^^
Ile ÄO«?fK^ Paris •Öybtoii grttrninr^^PB===#eiinel Tor h-im -4>fe^g^- 4in4>^
__/
r\.^^^
il'MlAy^'
dam ocain ua. oii/n wookly, ^^Das Neue Tage-Duoh^\ jii» whioh of i*'rancei/xo~^ru"bini7.e the international dovelopements and to
A.AvUvl'^
analftz^ on the
5|
A^
i^iifl,rT)g nnrt-iSn" t-ue^ conditions in the dictator- countries.As early ar 19;53 he .norGoonc as a oortainty thp ooming v/ai^tfü ■"L^Ufi.ULJlJ'lffc^iiV'cofiJiricated ca
Dns • *rr/e s t r- b >. i slnXthe
.im,j pm-rtTrstm-l-iT— 4-^
Iculat
anoiuit oj ^9^ ;>ennün arra^inent
'itt ''^^•'''■"'-"^''■^"^' Churchill^ho inatGrial for so::ie of his famous
warning/^rHiöülira.ThGro äsB. in fact
no Import ant event between 1953 and 1940, whichrha/ not long bei'ore ^?wft-
TTT7rmrtPferoohv;ar7,RnhiT^a5includ/>'^ch surprisln^^ phenimena
\.
as the Stalin-Hitler pact ,\vhich he pre(3ict:^ .»^liTstently since
1936 iö-splte »f coriHtant and furious - nrirriMii 1 r t fa it t .■'lCttl ^ **'i^
Ke si-mi/(ti-D Eis v/arninrF. r^rof^nontic j^.nd^r'iilamitFiBhS'^'in n book,*hlch ,„.lc.:r. .aaw.oun „..i,o^, Kuroje.
ititle (i# in the En,<aish edition^is rf^nr^ to inurjor* .It -jJ-li In lUfyirt» ^ this bool-^rpublislied as early as 1954 anV>ponT,uinitTr; piearly ^^^ rrhjibe subsecuent oiro-n+o \te;^;|^^4-]^^' nort of tho liiflgQment.-;
quotcd fA)u\i\i u'jyi'^ Wl'lLlyii. •
I I
4.
The OGcpupation of l''rance and Holland by tho Gerrnans in the summer '1940 .iri«ijij once raore J^nend to Mr.Schwar7,schildfö"v/ork. Again he hqj^to flee,the Gestapo searchq^ his home and his Office in Paris, confiscate^ all his filos,manuscripts and/property. TheGernan Government demanc/his extradition i^fVichy /Again, #ith the help of American friends,he succeed6^ox-<icnpef^^^^^^^ o ■*^c«ip^_
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Leopold SohwerzBOhlld
Mr# Leopold SchwRrzschlld,v;ell knovm in Europe as a v/riter, haß Brrlvod in the Unltod States »He oscnped fron Prnnce sone months after her collapoet
Of Schvmrzöchild and one of hiö bOi^ka Wlckham Steod|formor editor of the London Tinea ^ and a dlatinfnili^hed Interpreter of po-» litlcal and hifitorlcnl probloriS,vrrito8:'*In theoe dark dayo clear thouf-hts have the valuo of gold »Leopold Schv/araehllllfts book iß evldpnce of tho fact th-t et least one nan in Europe Is thinking clearly and relontlosnly and has the cour^re to utter hiß thour^hts publicly«^
Wlnoton Churchill declnreo thnt ♦♦^r^Schvmrzschild^ß publica- ' tions are v/eirhty^in fact inv^luable contributlonö to the enlirhton- ment of thoso v;ho care to be enlirhtened#»^
Dr^Thoinaa 'Ifenn appraisoß Schv/arzachild as ^a very brillant •
politicnl publici3t,e good hnter,a pov/erful stylint^»^
To quote oh Arerican^Dr «Harry GideonsejK^the President of Brook/ lyn College i'^There are very fev/ analynta of tho European oituation v;ho have as broad an understanding of the economic, pol itioal and ideolofrlcal aspects In their intenroven relational eraonallyil have
for n^any years enjoyed tho
rkable •Ältorialö l!r« 3chv/arzschild
wrote for the Neue Tagebuch and I find hin ornl analysio of tho sane quality«"
Anothor well knov/n Anerican^a man v;ho has known Europe inti^
•». laptely for noro than tv/o decade8|IUR«Kniclvobocknr|Snyß of the
Schv/nrzochild bo )k thnt it ia ^the best book tiir t has been done on Hitler Gorinany arid its air^niflcance for Europa «Leopold Jch Schild Iri one of the clnnreat political thinkors iii Europe«^
f
Mr»Schvmrzschlld was renowned on tho contlnent for hio abili- ty to ayntheslze hlstory and eoonoinic8,Ile cornbined the nost exaot scientific analysis with an ability to apply it atutoly tov/arö the de\''0lopnont of Bound predictlons of current ovents^This facillty, torothor v/ith a brilliant stylepestablished his faine» Afttr fininhinn hin otudles he trnvellod extenßiv#ly on the conti- nont^Beforo V/orld Viar L ho Jolned tho staff of the Frankfurter
■iiiwiijwi
2eltunr»Aftör tho v;ar he continuod hlo v/ rk as a Journalist and carrlecl out speclnl ar7sirniion/t8 for the Oerman IwÜnistry of Flnanco* Durinr thlf=i neriod he v;rote n politicnl drei.ap*»3unpf»*# Thio plny^ predictinp the breakdov/n of th^> r^ volutionay noverient of the period^ wue a !p:rf^nt auccess throur:hout Czocho-ülovrikiafAuotria^and Gornany«
Durinrr 1920-19?3 frionds of ürtSchv/nrzschild placed htm in charp:e of throe wenklies^All three papero were operatod undor his direction at thio tl .e^and he vvna riv m conplete frredon to Inter- pret an he saw fit.Volures contnininf; these papers arc found in every first class A'.erivan library.They are: Das Tnre-Buchtan öuthoritative political-liternry vfeokly;llaf!azln der yVirtschaftta v/eekly foi-* scientific econonic resenrchpan a populär v/eokly called Mont-r- Mor-'on^Durinr this poriod Mr#Schvvarzachild devoted all his v/ritinp* to theoc nav/spapors^and h« enliüted as contributors other inportant v/riters^In these publlcations ho foucht tho reav/akonlnc of Gemnn rmtio inllsm nost deter inedly even thourh he v/no convin- ced th^t his cou e wps hOT^eloas and that Hitler was bound to gain
powor#
When Hitler cane into pov;or Schv/arzs^ hild's proporty vms con-
fi8Cnted#A prico v;na plrcod on his head^ond he was forcod to f leo •
I I
He soup'ht refu/^e in Paris and ostablished there and in Amster- dam hia weekly.Das Neue Tapre-Buch»He published this paper until the fall of France, In it he scrutinized international developments on the basis of his extensive knowled^e of conditions in the dictator countries.As early as 1933 he foresaw the cominf^ of war.Soine of
Winston Chrchill's
Speeches warning of the trouble ahead
were based upon Mr.Bchv/arzschild's estiraates of the anount Gemany was spendinf?; for armaments.As a matter of fact, there was scercely any important event between 1933 and 19^0 which Schwarzschild had not predicted lonp: before.In spite of consiötent and violent attacks upon hiin by the Connunists, fron I936 until the event took place he repeatedly warned of the ooninp Stalin-Hitler pact.
His book,"End of Illusion«, neatly suns up his many forecasts,v/arninip;s, and interpretions of the events he had experienced^The bock was a ^reot success in Europe.The apprnisals ouoted above v/ere written about this book»
Mr. Schvrarzschild^s werk was ap;ain interrupted when the Ger- Fians occupied France anö Holland in 1940. The Gernan n-overnment in • Vichy demanded his extradition,and the Gestapo searched his home and of ice in PariStWith the assistance of Ar-ierican friends^he finally Tnanap;ed to escape to the USAJIere he v/rote ^World in Trance»»*
O L?4x<L><^
'^(pe
Leopold 3ohwarzaohlld
Mr. Leopold Schwarzschlld, well known in ISurope as a wrlter, haa arrived In the United States, !Ie eseaped fron Franoe sorae iionths after her oollapse,
Of Sohwarzsohild and one of hls booka Wiokham steed, former editor of the London Tinea, and a distincuished interpretef of polltloal and hiatorioal probleraa» writoai "In these dark daya clear thouchta have the value of gold, Leopold Sohwarzsohild's book is evidence of the faot that at leaat one nan in ISixrope Is thlnkins olearly and relentleaaly and has the courafjo to uttor hls thou^hts publioly, "
Wlnston Churchill declaros that "1*. Schwarzschild's pub- lications are weiehty, in fact invaluable contributions to the enlightennent of thoae who oare to be enlightened, "
Dr. Thonas Mann appraises Jchwarzschild us ^a very brllliant politioal publlolat, a good hator, a powerfiil stylist."
To <iuote an .inerioan, Dr. Harry D, Gideonae, the President of Brooklyn Collece: "There are very few analyats of the 2uropean Situation who have as broad an underatandinf^ of tho econonlo, politioal and ideoloßioal aapects in their interwoven relation. Personally, I have for nany yeara enjoyed the ronarkable edit- orials ?^. Schwarzachild wrote for the Neue I^/y.ebuoh and I find his oral analyais of the aame quality, "
Jj
i
Sohwarzsohlld -2»
MMMMMM»
.>!■
fl
Another well known /jaorioani a man who has known Älirope intlmatoly for more than two decadea, R.R. Knickerbocker, say« ot th© Johwarzsohlld book that it la «the best book that has -*^
t
been done on Hitler Gerraany and Its slgnlf loanoe for iSurope. Leopold Sohwarzsohlld is one of the olearest pplltloal thlnkers in Kurope,"
Mr. Schwarzschild was renownod on the contlnent for his abillty to ayntheslzo hiatory and econonica. He conblned the nost exact scientific analyaio vrlth an abillty to apply it astutely toward the developnent of oound predictions of current events. This facility, togrether wlth a brilllant style, estab- lished his farae.
After flnishlnr bis studiea ho ti-avelled oxtenalvely on the contlnent. Before Jorld War 1 he Joined the staff of the Frsnk- furter /iOitunp;. After the war he contlnued his work aa a Journ- alist and carried out special aasicnnenta for the Gernan Mlnis- try of Finance. Durlng this period he wrote a polltlcal drama, "Sunpf," This play, predictlng the breakdown of the rovolution- ary novenent of t?ie period, was a great succcss throu^hout Czecho-slovakia, Austria, and Gemany,
During 1920«1923 friends of Vr, Sohwarzsohlld plaoed hin in charce of three weeklies. All three papers were operated under his directlon at this tine, and ho was eiven conplete freedon to Interpret aa he saw fit. Voluines containing those papers
4
Sohwarzsohlld -3*
ar© found In every flrst olaaa .inerloan library. They arej Das Taße*Buoh, an authoritatlve politioal-literary weekly;
■ ■■■I »MUH >4>l II »IIMI ■'■■IM^
mmzin der .Wirtschaft, a weekly for scientific eoonoaio
;ap: r borgen« Purine
thls perlod :.:r. 3ohwarzöohlld dovoted all of hls wrltlng to thosö nowapapcrs, and he anlisted ss contrlbutors other Important Juropoan wrlters. In these publlcatlons he fought the reawakenlnc of Geman natlonallsn moat dotornlnedly oven thoußh he was convlncod that hls cause was hopeleas snd that Hitler was bound to ealn power.
When Tiltler carie Into power Jchwarzsohlld»3 property was oonflaoated. A prlce was placed on hla head, and he was forced to flee. Hls nano appeared In tho first decroe doclaring
proninent non-Nazls "deprlved cf Gerrnan citlzenship."
&.< ' .
Ile sourht refußo In iarls '*i«jrQ üono Dutoh adrilrora found
bin and eatablishcd hin In .insterdam with'a weokly. Pas Neue
Tar,e-nuch> Ile publlahod thls pai^or untll the fall of Trance.
In It he scrutlnlzed International devolopraonts on the basls
of hlD extensive l:nov;lodßc of condltionr. In the dlctator
countrloa. ..s early as 1933 he foresaw the conlng of vmr.
Jone of .vinston Caurclilll's apooches warnln:: of the trouble
ahead v/ero br.sed ui-on Ilr. Jchwarssc'iild'n eatL'iates of the
ano-ont aernany vaa srendln- for arraanents. ..s a natter of
fact, thore was scarccly any inportant ovont botv;cen 1933
and ir-40 whioh JchwarzscMld had not -rodlctcd Ion" befora.
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Leo Baeck Institute Archives: Box Inventory List
DateCreated. 4/14/99
Call Number
Collection Titles
AR 7043
No. Polders
Leopold Schwarzschild Collection
12
Box 2
. Manuscripts, A. Der rote Preusse
Polder List
1 . Der rote Preusse, part 1
2. Der rote Preusse, part 2
3. Der rote Preusse, part 3
4. Der rote Preusse, part 4
5. Der rote Preusse, Preface (typescript)
6. British reviews of "Der rote Preusse" 1948 (clippings)
7. Contract for Finnish language Version of "Der rote Preusse"
8. German reviews of "Der rote Preusse", 1954-1955 (clippings), radioscript based on book
9. Fragments of "Der rote Preusse"
10. Outline of "Der rote Preusse"
1 1 . Contract for "Der rote Preusse"; typescript of chapter from Marx Blography
12. Copy of contract and footnotes for "Der rote Preusse"
Box Size .5 Feet
1 Collection{s); 12 Folder(s); 0.50 Peet. Inv-ID# 118
Ex:
A.1
.A.2
.A.3
.A.4
.A.5
.A.6
.A.7
.A.8
.A.9
.A.10
.A.11
.A.1 2
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Roberts^ Report Pearl Harbor Chrlichip.1 Hous^of i:orranons Hitler JßL'ec^c]i__^-Jg.^ . Affif^-. Ai^t a»Qb • Iiüdus^r y. ^ Twq|mon1ALs4of 3^ar
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20
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GerrÄ'. ovf^r'-exhai.ts-tion
?mo^hs -s-tnce last'"'Genn..vict ory^,- Japan 's meani lü^ilasa.
FsnÄnnapp ^ V ^ * _• for, (Jej'm.
How flanrr th^»- dnr»t j.on?
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Que!#lons ofi ravrf raate4:*ial«B in iraeriÄa f
on man-p'''W(ar
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^'The Red Prusslan«
Pleoae crosö the Isst p/f^^rapraph of tlie prefsce, and Substitute for it tho followlnr pagest
r ■ -».
Der Loser wolle bomerken, dass dleae Biographie mit dera Tode Marx» Im Jfihre 1883 abschliesst. Seine icjafnae Bedeutung fuer das Schicksal der Menschheit antfaltete sich erst spaeter* Eines '^ages hoffe Ich, dem "Roten Preussen*», einen zv;eiten Band^ »»Dea Roten Preussen iSrbschaf t", folgen laa-^ sen zu koennon. Er v/ird dio rorarinhoft gevmudeno Laufbahn dessen, was heute ••Marxismua^ Renannt wird, zu entrollen versu-hont Dr^B VVeoentlicho dieses spaeteren Romrns scheint an vielen Stellen des jetzigen Bandes durch* Aber vielleicht int es nuetzllch, ueber die voratrouton Andeutungen hinauszuge- hen, und die --rklaerun^ fuer die ueberwaoltlgende posthume Wirkung dieses wenlP" ueborv/aeltlgenden Äunnes mit einigen Strichen hier zu skizzieren,
Dlo Ciuintesseaz Ist, dass Marx» ßinfluss auf die v^eltgesohichte von
zwiefacher Art war. Seine
f^edruckten Lehren wirkten auf dem
Umweg ueber die Legende, die aus ihnen aufstieg — nur auf diesen TJtaweg, nur als -L^e^^^ende. Noch 1917 karten hinzu die riesigen Wirkungen, die aus den
ungedruokten Lehren a/eines politischen Lebens und Beispiels
entspranf?:en# Seine
gedruckte Lehre war, als Theorie, wenige Jahre
nach Marx* Tod hoff nunp:sl08 vviderlegt* 2s folgte, noch außenfaelliger, die Widerlegung^ durch die Wirklichkeitt Die ganze Entwicklung lief in uirjse- kehrter Richtung, als öle nach den /.ahllosf3n Marx^schen "Gesetzen^ haotte laufen ciuesnenX; insbesondere kam statt der fortschreitenden »^Verelendung»* der Arbeiter df^s klare Gegenteil/ davon. Von 1890 ab begannen in all den ^rn, in denen der Sozielisiaus le/ral v;ar, die 'laeisten Fuehror der
ftn Parteien ihr Vertrauen in die Korx» sehen Doctrinen zu ver»^
\
lloren, Sie bllobon Sozieliston, denn dazu bedurfte und bedarf es keiaes Merx, Aber ohne 6r offen z\x bekennen, fuöhrton sie ihre Inrtolen wieder In die 3nur der 7or-!i.nrx igten zurueck, die den Sozinlifiiauu nur als "de- sirabel", nicht als "Inovltabel" betr-johtet und in all^eaelnon die Pra- xis den ^ofomlgnus, Lerrnligrius, aradUFlinnua Roprodict hatten.
Aber '.mehrond die Mnrx'aohe Wiariennnhnft totgaeohlich storb, ent-
wickelte sich ous- ihr, und wurde in Interoaao der Propaganda nuo ihr /'" entwickelt, ein Mythos, Nicht ein Pronlllo der PnrteinitgliQder, oinge« sphlosaen die "Intellektuellen", hntten l!nrx je i^elesen, Ab^r sie hoor- ten, dasn seine Wissongohoft exlntiero; un-?. Aoaa aie virklich unumatoeas- lich beweise, dees <M-r> aozir.liötis ho Treiieforaation der V/elt nicht nir mennchllrh '.vuon^"hen9'v'^>rt, nonc^r-rn nupomonschlich gev/lss und uncufhalt- &nm soi; und nie f^laubton f^n rtlo ^xintenz dieser ♦♦V/iasenru' heftet Sie verhloss ihnen Din^e, die foscinierond waren; xxrA vcrfiorgte sie vmn- . derbar sowohl mit don eeltoston v;io den noönrnnton 3t!3ierk»in/;on nrinl- tlver Olnoubl^kelt, Hier rurden/ s1o> v/lecler einn^.!, mit solch ^orolten^ •wifi; v/irksmien Fl^n-r^nten beso^enkt vde 6on Teufel^ hlet K^.plt'jlienus penannt^ und don Paradies, hi'l? Coslrllrnus renznnt — und hier vmrdon sie zuf^leich ber> -henkt mit der Oewiftrhpit, der mof^^nrnnten, ohrfuorchtic varehrtan Gottheit nenionö v issens'^höft su folf^ent
Div^ Maochtigo Illuelon, Chinoere, Lobende in uio Mnr:s?l«v;i3con- Schaft^ pich verwandelte — sie, nicht dione v;lsncnf;nhnft Golbat, ho^ bon d5e Wolt nu8 don Anroln, v;lc(1^hllor!Q ^ nA^i^ r* llluaionen, Chinneren, Lef3;cndon es getf\n hattent Selbst dio rootoston der roten Führer er- ranpen kolnon ihror Erfolge c^edurch, dösö sie der Offenbnrungon des fccy
fr.-druckten ll^rx flg.f^lrt \.Tf9urrr /^In Lenin, dor ein Leben
lenß ueber ^,p.n Schriften dos M'.»lnter^ j?«gruebelt hatte, In Jv.hro 1917 soino Revolution nachte, nutzte or, wie Jedor ondero Putschist der Geschichte, elno f^ute Gelerenhoit biß zun Maximum auö — und schob rueckalchtsloa beiseite die Marx^sche Wissens haft, die diese Revolution in aiesom "un-
i
K i
reifen** Land geradezu vebot. Ebensowenlp; wurde die Marx* sehe Wissen-
schaft nach vollzogener Revolution beim Aufbau Sowjet-Russlands benutzt — und einfach deshalb, weil der Wissenschaftler Marx sich iim^er und aus- schliesslich nur mit der Zerstoerunp; des Kapitalismus beschaeftigt
«
hatte, niemals mit dem Aufbau des Sozialismus. Nichtsdestoweniger be- harrte Lenin darauf — und seine Nachfolger setzten das fort — auch nach der Revolution alles, wes er tat und unterlless, mit dem Etikett •♦marxisti.sohe V/issensch^f t" zu bekleben. Er vmsste die unvergleichliche Unterstuetzun? zu vmerdigen, die ihDi der Mythos von |fc^ dieser "V/issen- schaft" in unzaehligen Koepfen sowohl selnea Landes v/ie des Auslandes versehe fttel Und seii^Nechfolfrer wissen sie nicht minder zu wuerdip;en. Aber ausser dem ^»J-iHriricAouon-| p;edruc!cten Marx ci^t es noch jb-lnea
den Marx der praktischen Politik; dön IJarx der f^.elebten, nicht geschriebenen Rezepte; den Karx der vertraulichen, nicht fuer den oef fentlichen Druck bestimmten Dokuniante, Anweisungen, Urteile, Briefe.* Und die V/irkung, die dieser gindre, bisher unerforschte 'J'W>i M^rx auf den Lnif der Weltgeschichte ausuebte, wor noch groosser und
' : t'\. ■ \ . • "^ • t
-^•' war direkter als die der Lefrende, die sich aus den oeuvre des Pseudo- Wisnenschii^ftlerf pebar. Denn in dfim Vorbild des Politikers ilarx, in sei- nen Maximen und Methoden, fand Lonin eine Lehre, die er wirklich anwen- den konnte, die er begierig: in sich aufsog und mit der Gen:?.ui?:keit eines get^reuflLSchuelcrs benutzte. Aut^ dlöseni Verl ild -- nicht aus öera Vor- bild vergessener Bojaren und tiAmcrtjoD u't4 Gossudeiren, wie der Unschul-
di/^e Tief sinn Allzuvieler ontdockt hat, — entstand die Spwjet-Despotie; entstanden ihr Stil, ihre Morr^l, ihre Technik und ihre Praktiken sowohl im eignen Land wie der Welt gocenuober; entstanc'en, mit cinom V/ort, die quaelendston Phaenonene unserer ^eit. Ihre ^^uclle ist Mr^rxl Hier ist die zweite, wichtigere und bisher unidentifizicrte Erbschaft, die er
der Welt hinterliess. Seine Unternehmungen in der praktischen Politik,
seine Kaempfe, J-Taohensohof ten, Intriguen wurden von frueheren Biogra- phen zum groeseten Teil keun onveehat und niemals wirklich klar ge- macht. Selbst ncir) f^rosser Vcrauch, die derioköetische Revolution von 1848 in eine "proletf-rlache" i-.u vcn/endeln, und aeino verblueffend 29itrenoes8l9..hen Methoden dsbei. w.ren bisher Jn undurchdringliohe Nebel «ehuelltt Wer in dieser Biographie die Geschichte dieser revol- tierenden Dinf^e lie.t, vir« nie irr Zv.eifel dnrueb.r oein, don Ursprung und des Modell der revoltierenden Dingo vor idch zu haben, die aich
viel9 Jahrzehnte epaeter in f;i(>;<,nti3 h vergroeaaerton Ilaastab abzusple-
len bef^annon^
NoTv York:, Fehrufir 19ii.7.
• o •
,J
■~^t
-^
Meiner Frau, deren sichre Kritik und staendige Anregung so viel zu jeder Seite dieses Buches
beigetragen haben
^
»%
>
I I
Vorwort
Wenn ein Namen fuer unsere Aera gefunden werden sollte, so koenn- te man sie die marxistische nennen« Denn die entscheidendsten Tat- Sachen unserer Zeit fuehren in irgendwelcher Weise auf den einen Mann Karl Marx zurueck. Er ist es, der sich in der Existenz Sowjet-Russ- lands manifestiert, besonders in den Sowjet-Methoden. Selbst die ortp^- doxen Marxisten, die den Einflus Ton Persoenlicjikeiten auf den Lauf der Geschichte im allff;emeinen als nebensaechlich und den Ton »^objekti- ven Kraeften" als entscheidend betrachteh, machen in diesem Fall eine Ausnahme. ♦^Ohne Lenin kelnfi Sowjet-RusslandP», lautet ein offizielles russisches Schlagwort — und ohne Marx kein^ Lenin. Aber indirekt hat Marx auch alle uebrigen totalitaeren Sta ten erzeugt. Denn sie alle, obwohl Konkurrenten der Sowjets, yaren und sinfl zu gleicher Zeit nur Kopien und Variationen des russischen Vorbilds . Und schliesslich sind es die Wirkungen Marx*, die den Rest der Welt seit Jahren dazu noeti- p:enf ein Stueck ihrer liberalen Traditionen nach dem andren dem Zwang der Selbstverteidigung zum Opfer zu bringen. Kein Zweifel, unser gan- zes Leben waere anders als es ist, hatte kein Karl Man gelebt.
''An seinen Fruechten erkennt man den Baum»*. Die bisher existie- renden Marx-Biographien wurden geschrieben vor Jehzehnten, ehe noch irgendwelche Frucht gereift war. Die Biographen jener Zeit, Bewunde- rer und Glaeubige, waren ueberzeugt, dass die Frucht nur hoher Segen sein koenne, und im Eichte dieses erhofften Segens sahen sie ihr Ob- jekt. Aber das Bild, das sich uns im Lichte der Wirkungen praesentlert, die Marx und der Marxismus wirklich ausloesten, hat wenig Aehnlichkeit mit den Fiktionen der alten Biographen. Zuege treten hervor, die frueher uebersehen worden weren; und Zuege, die reine Einbildung gewesen waren, verschwinden. Wenn des vorliegende Buch einen Karl Marx zeigen kann, wie er bisher noch nicht entdeckt und gezeigt werden konnte, so deshalb.
/
II
weil die Frucht, an der man denjd Baum erkennt, inzwischen gereift und
ei
handgreiflich geworden ist#
Und es gibt einen zweiten Grund, aus dem diesem Buch ermoeglicht worden ist, ueber die frueheren Biographjen hinauszugreifen# Es ist die Tatsache, dass in juengerer Zeit ein Material erschlossen wurde, ueber das die aelteren Autoren nicht verfuegten: der komplette Briefwechsel zwischen Marx und Engels. Es ist wahr, eine Sammlung dieser Briefe wurde von f^ Faehrern der deutschen sozialdemokratischen Partei kurz vor dem ersten Weltkrieg veroeff entlicht. Aber diese Sammlung war, wie sich spaeter herausstellte, sorgfeeltig von allem gereinigt, was ein schlechtes Licht auf Marx haette werfen koennen. Eine ttxacs Menge von Briefen war weggelassen; in zahllosen anderen waren ganze Saetze oder Abschnitte gestrichen; und in wieder andren einzelne Worte und Wendun- gen veraendert. Was das Marx-Engels-Institut in Moskau um 1930 veran- lasste, dieser pietaetvoll gefaelschten Sammlung eine ungekuerzte, un- geschminkte entgegenzusetzen, ist schwer zu verstehen. Das mentale und moralische Schisma zwischen Russland und der uebrigen Welt war anscheinend schon so gross geworden, das s derT Heraus geb er n | gar nicht zu Bewusstsein kom, welch^^n schlechten Dienst sie dem Andenken ihres Heros erwiesen. Wie dem auch sei, diese Briefe, die die beiden Pionie- re des Kommunismus'] miteinander wechselten und in denen sie mit vol- endeter, oft brutaler Offenheit ihre intimsten Ideen ynd verborgendsten Aktivitaeten miteinander eroerterten, diese Briefe liegen jetzt vor. Sie enthaellten uns, statt des legendaeren, den wahren Marx. Es gibt, dn der Tat, keine wichtige historische Figur, ueber deren Cl^kter wir auch nur annaehernd so authentisch und erschoepfend unterrichtet waeren, wie wir heute, dank der vier voluminoesen Beende dieses einzig-
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artigen Briefwechsels, ueber'den Ctttakter Karl Marx» unterrichtet sind In den Wirrenili und Sorgen der dreissiger Jahre erweckte die erstaunli- che Publikation — in deutscher Sprache — so gut wie keine Aufmerk- samkeit, und die vier Beende versanken spurlos in den Grueften der Bi- bliotheken. Es ist ein Privilegium, sie hier zum ersten Mal in»s Leben
einzufuehren. Kc^rH^t
Der Leser wolle bemerken, dass diesefeÄ«»* mit dem Tode Marx' im
Jahre 1883 abschliesst. Seine immense Bedeutung fuer das Schicksal der Menschheit entfaltete sich erst spaeter. Eines Tages hoffe ich, dem "Roten Preussen« einen zweiten Band, "Des Roten Preussen Erbschaft«, folgen lassen zu koennen. Er wird die romanhaft gevaindene Laufbahn des- sen, was heute "Marxismus" genannt wird, zu entrollen versuchen. Das
an V/esentliche dieses spaeteren Romans scheint schon viele^Stellen des
Jetzigen Bandes durch. Aber vielleicht ist es huetzlich^ueber die ver- streuten Andeutungen hinauszugehen^ und die Erklaerung fuer die ueber- waeltigende posthune Wirkung dieses wenig ueberwaeltigenden Mannes mit einigen Strichen hier zu skizzieren.
Die O^uintessenz ist, dass Marx« Einfluss auf die Weltgeschichte von zwiefacher Art war. Seine geschriebenen, gedruckten Lehren wirk- ten auf dem Umvveg ueber die Lebende, die aus ihnen aufstieg^ — nur auf diesem Umxveg, nur als Legende. Nach 1917 kamen hinzu die riesigen Wirkungen, die qus den ungeschriebenen, ungedruckten Lehren seines po- litischen Lebens und Beispiels entsprangen.
Seine geschriebene, gedruckte Lehre war, als Theorie^ wenige Jahre nach Marx« Tod hoffnungslos widerlegt. Es folgte^ noch augenfael- liger, die Widerlegung durch die Wirklichkeit. Die ganze Entwicklung lief in umgekehrter Richtung, als sie nach den zahllosen Marx'schen - "Gesetzen" haette laufen muessen; insbesondere kam statt der fortschrei
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IV
tenden "Verelendung« der Arbeiter das klare Gegenteil davon. Von 1890 ab begannen in all den Laendern, in denen der Sozialismus legal war,
die meisten Fuehrer der marxistlsctan Parteien ihr Vertrauen in die Marx« sehen gkaagi» Doktrinen zu verlieren. Sie blieben Sozialisten,
denn dazufBeSarf es keine* Marx. Aber ohne es offen zu bekennen, fuehr-
cLefv
ten sie ihre Parteien wieder in die Spur ▼«» Vor-Marxisten zurueck,
die den Sozialismus nur als "desirabel«! nicht als "inevitabel" betrach- tet und im allgemeinen die Praxis des Reformismus, Legalismus, Gradua-
lismus gepredigt hatten.
Aber waehrend die Marx' sehe Wissenschaft tatsaechlich starb, ent- wickelte sich aus ihr, und vmrde Im Interesse der Propan^a aus ihr ent- wickelt, ein Mythos. Nicht ein Promille der Parteimitglieder, einge- schlossen die "Intellektuellen", hs tten Marx je BS^BSskn gelesen/. Aber sie hoerten, dass seine Wissenschaft existiere; und dass sie wirk- lich unumstaesslich beweise, dass die sozialistische Transformation
der WelV »loht nur .«enschlloh „uens. hanswert 1 _.l ...l. .lau.LHJ son- dern ku4 supermenschlichi)» (»t^ionf1ciT| gewiss und unaufhaltsam sei. "Änd sie glaubten an die Existenz dieser "Wissenschaft". Sie verhiess ihnen Dinge, die fasAinierend waren; und versorgte sie wunderbar sov/ohl mit den aeltesten wie /Sodernsten Staerkun^en primitiver ^laeubigkeit. Hier wurden sie, wieder einmal, hnnnhanir^ mit solch uralten, ewig wirksamen Figmenten(^^em Teufel, hier Kapitalismus genannt, und dem Paradies,
hier Sozialismus gekannt — und hier wurden sie zugleich beschenkt mit (Her lunT^reloiLililli-Viuij Gewissheit, der modernsten, iinf ahlhnrer^J ehr •rnprfihtlff verehrten Awtoritaet namens Xwissenschaf tx 5
Die Illusion,
Chimaere,
Legende,
in die Marx«
9lte sie, ft»4 nicht diese Wis^^enschaft
i^fö^e Welt aus den Angelnjhnhnni Selbst die
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VI die er begierig in sich aufsog und mit der G-enauigkeit eines getreuen Schuelers benutzte. Aus diesem 'Vorbild — nicht aus dem Vorbild verges- sener Bojaren und Pomestjes und Gossudaren, wie der unschuldige Tief- sinn Allzuvieler entdeckt hat, — entstand die Sowjet-Despotie; entstan- den ihr Stil, ihre Moral (ttSTihre I^i oaeiaui'ojn^^'sowohl im eignen Land wie der Welt gegenueber; entstanden, mit einem Wort, die quaelendsten Phae- nomene unserer Zeit. Ihre Quelle ist Marx. Hier ist die zweite, wich- tigere^ und bisher unidentif izierte Erbs/chaft, die er ±ä der Welt hinterliess. Seine Unternehmungen in der praktischen Politik, seine Kaempfe, Machenschaften, Intriguen wurden Ton frueheren Biographen zum
ffroessten Teil kaum erwaehnt, und niemals wirklich klar gemacht. Selbst sein grosser Versuch, die demokratische Revolution von 184-8 in eine "proletarische" zu verv/andeln, und seine verblueffend zeitgenoessischen Methoden dabei, waren bisher in undurchdringliche Nebel gehuelltl Wer in dieser Biographie die Geschichte dieser revoltierenden Dinge liest.
wird nie im Zweifel darueber sein, jBübc oif den Ursprung und das Modell der revoltierenden Dinge vor sichfeaÄ» die sich viele Jahrzehnte spae- ter in gigantisch vergroessertem Masstab abzuspielen begannen.
New York, Pebruar 1947
L.S
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B^ u^
Enrlische Zitate, aus dem de tsohen Oriplnnl zu reproduzieren: p# 1658 aus •^Deutsche Ideolofjie** p. 166 " "
p» 167 " "
Die Stellen sind mit rotem Bleistift l^nnManuskript anrezeiclinet
Es fehlli das Vorv/ort und die Widmung
• t
C
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c
( Zweite Liste ) ( Tün^lische Zltnte|p-^iB Manuskript^ die noch mit den entsprechenden deut^ schrn Orl^innl- /iitrten zn ersetzen sind;)
mmmmmmmtmmmm-mmmmmmmmmmammmmmmmmmmmmmimmmmammmammmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmMmmmmß'mmmmm
^«^iy,/.p. 176/Kapital I)
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IBOrPrefaco. Critiquo of Political Sconony UiiJ Cabitül
•» p. IBl •• •• «
> p. 184 • •• ^ ^
H p. ?-21 ( dieselben Worto v/ie ouf p, If^O)
" 226-229 Konmuh in tifcüies Manifest
* 2C0 ( dieselben Worte wie auf p, 227 )
1 ^32 Kapital I
•I IM-U52 Kepitel I
•' ^56-56^. • « ^
nr
Uiid Gerc'-na Ideolo-
L15 . • "
483a Anti-Duehring
fi 53^ Koenir Lear .
I, 537 (dicfielbcn Worte v;ie tuf Goioo 4.S8) (, 54.1 Anti-Duohrin^
r
3er^:y^kun^ Tw^^v ^^nn V?rlar;; loh haltn en fur:r rieht ip, in rion T^as^noton^ die r>loh auf dns «Kapital" boziohf^n, so zu v'»rfahren, v;lo in den betref- fenden AT^satz der »^Erlaeuterunpen zu den Fusnnoton*^ beschrieben* Das heisst: die Seitonzahlen der amcrikanisrhen Aunp;öbe v.aierne stehen blei- ben, und auch d^s anerikani^ -he Wort «Capital'^ nit C. Aber renn uSio vor- ziehen^ statt dessen die Seitenzahlen der deutschen Ausgabe zu vennen
( aber vielleiirht ribt es nehrere?), und das C durch K Ku orsetzen^ so streichen :3ie den Absatz in den "Erlaeurounron zu den Fussiiotcn*'« Weitere Information; Die anerlkanl '^^he Korr-Aus.^abe int identisch mit der britischen Aus/ ab e^ was Seitenziffern antelanp,t« Die eine oder andre wird dort vorhanden sein, hoffe ich*
/(ly 1# Das Gehirn der Grossvaeter
Als der Advokat Hersohol
im Horbet 1C16 dlo Teufo nabm^ ^
weiren dlo Leute von Trier ein bloclion bofrendot» 2*ahllOGo Juden In westllchon Europo wandor^tdn dniialo vai Tenpol zur Kirche • Den Optlnlsnuo der Zelt s< hlen dies das boGtejr^^Ilttel, um die Vorurteile von elnotp die ßluocklichorwoloe schon vorblasstonp allnaehlich ßanz vor8ch\7lnden zu nochent Dlo Mehrholt becruooote Jeden Ueber^ tritt« Dieser Indessen v/ollte don Leuten von Triorg den Christen wie don Juden, nicht rocht rofalloti# ^
fl
Schliesslich yehoorte Rorsc hei Mcrx zu dor Fonllloi die seit hundertfuenfzln Jahren fast erblich den liabblner clor Stadt Trier Bestellt liatte# Heute hatte sein Druder des Ant, vorher hatte sein Vater es cohabt, und vor diesen der OroGOvater nuottorllchcrseltog und der Ui^^rossvoter und dor Ur-Ur-^/rossvator« Und dns ver nicht alles« Ehe die Vorfahren dos II rschel Marx zu Hirten dor Horde von Trier covorCon v;r ren« wnron sie co in anderen 3taodton co^/esent Tatsoechlich hatte in Innpon, lonf^en Jahrhunderten kein oinzlGor
mamm
/^ ■ \
-fceüuüü>Iuülimfe L;iiAVon»"nr;nlnn»Tini iflunilonon Kalondnrlun aller Daten dea] llnrx* sehen Lebens Ist 2Uii_oratoft^^iTiutliüiitl3ch frouioort, wlo ^ebertrlttdör-F«ffiTti:l9"von Judon- zura Christentun sich vollzoß#
jn -%m?n^frw1 T^ Anfnbftn fpignhn TMitrinnannrnn rrnvw
X
^/gaa- Ci^^ . IfM^f /cf/^
c
seiner direkten Vorfahren einen anderen Beruf als den des i<abbiners aus -^e übt. Bis in ferne Laender hatten die Gemeinden sich uia sie bewor- ben, und nanche waren v/ahre Fuersten des *^eistes in Israel gewesen« Die Stirojien der V^issenden v/urden ehrerbietig, wenn sie von Joseph ben üerson Cohen sprachen, der Fßp-ßn Ende des sechzehnten J-r^hrhunderts der Rabbi von Krakau gewesen war. Und noch ehrehrbietiger sprachen sie von Lleir Katzenellenbogen, d^^r I565 als Rabbiner von Padua f;e- storben war, und der gross gewesen war nicht nur in der Synagoge, Die Univers itaet von Padua hatte ihn zu den erlauchtesten Koepfen der Zeit gerechnet und sein Portraet fuer ärnrR Ehrenplatz an der Y/and der grossen Halle malen lassen.*)
Und da war etwas \/eiteres. Im Jahre vorher hatte der Advokat Marx geheiratet -- aber sichtlich hatte er sich rait der juagen Frau in da- chen der Religion nicht richtig verstaendigt. Auch die -^^enriette Press- burger aus Hijmwe.'^en in Holland v;ar ein Spross endloser Generationen von Rabbinern, und auch sie hin/? nicht v/irklich am Glauben ihrer Vaeter. Aber ebenso weniiP; zog sie zu dem, den sie dafuer eintauschen sollte, und sie weigerte sich, ihrem Gatten zu folgen. Wohin war das Paar jetzt also zu rechnen? Und wohin v/uercien die Kinder .r^ehoeren, deren erstes
sichtlich bald ankommen musste? Fuer den Geschiiack der 3tadt Trier an
* der luosel mangelte dem Fall die wuenfr:;henswerte I]infachheit.
Aber die Leute von Trier, die Christen v/ie die Juden, fuehlten
sich nicht als Hueter ihrer bruecier. Sie hatten fuenf imirier gernf
grade sein lassen, und in neuerer Zeit war Toleranz eine Parole der
fortschrittlichen Geister gewor>len. Ivlochte jeder treiben, was
Z'
*) Berhard V/achstein: Die Abstammung von Karl Llarx ( In "Festkrift i Anleding af Professor D. Simonsen." Kopenhagen, 1923 )
v^
er wollte*
0
Uebor 'er kleinen Stoöt lac der Duft dor Weine, die rellenwoit auf den Hueroln Inenr» deo Flusoos ßoaopen wurden« Mit den Croszon* zen von Uholn, von Durrund, von Bordeaux und der ChonpQßne gehoorten die von der Mosel zu don Die fivo der V-oin-Aristokratlo» Dia zu don Hoofen von London und Petersburg otanden die !'oaol-' oino in eltem hohen Ansel.on; oolt Juon(^tor üelt konoa oogar schon Doatellun«» sen aus dorn $ttconhoft>H ncueh Land A:-:orlI:ü#//ün(i nicht nur wnr fuer
die Louto von Trier der Wein das C>0\verbo und der Untorliriltt er hotte Beinen Anteil en Ihren Wesen# Fuer die Arrnon wie die Reichen war der vjeln cias Trinkwasser der gewoelinllchon Ta^^e und die Weihe der rehobonen Stan^'^ent Sie konnten mit geschlossenen Auren dio Gorton tmd die JahrfTDonre untorscheiren« Mit Liebe und Kritlli tranken sie das roldene Oetrnonk zwls lien den Üahlzeiten und v/nehrond den llehl- zelten, und damit allen stinnei hielten sie derauf , daos dio tlahl«* zelten von ebonbuortißer Quote vmren* Der \;ein hctte selnon Anteil daran, doss die Leute von -rior vortraoclich vmren und ßcnelct, , die Dlüf'e leicht zu nehnon#
^ . _ ■*'
Noch etv/ßs hatte 3oin<^n Anteil darant Von der Stadt Trier wurde rosartt fiass sie der An-ane undi/En< e Deutschlands sei — und euch das hatte seine WirkunßjJ Ja, on dloson Punkt auf der Landkarte wpr Deuts bland unpofaehr zu Knde# V/er ^1ti ^Inr T'-n^nnh» nino r^^^r^am welter nrch Westen rühr, hoerte nicht mehr doutn h, sonc'ern fran* zoesloch sprechen« Ilior beruchrton und nls hten sich zwei Voolkor und Kulturen# Aber an ölecem Punkt hatte Deuts bland nuch beconnon.
Dies war die ael teste aller deutschen Stnedte#//DlG Sc!il»ltte der
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Roemer, filo an aiosom Plntz Ihro Ilöuptotadt In t>omnnlon cobout hatten, hallton noch wloöer In den Oaooon« Jedo Meuor und Joder Stoln Graoohlton eine Oeoh lohte rus der ondlooon Clironlk« Die
joatootleoho Porta Nigra ^ dfti Kaloerthomen^ das AuphltMqtor Grlnner*
ton an Ca
und Auruotuog dlo hier rooldlert hatten^ und die mit
sich hierhorßebjfracht hotten die Daukunot und den V/oinuQUp die Jchrlft und das Qesetz^ Ja ^ /auch die Juden# Der Dora^ In deosen Schrein der hclllrc Rock Chriotl, die kontbnroto aller T?ellquien| ruhtOp erinnerte an den Apostel BonlfocluSi der den Barbaren Gemonlens dnö Kreuz frebrncht hatte tmd an dle^rzblßchoefe ohne 2;ahl| dlo vqü daf.ftls i€i%( bis vor znvnnslr: Jahren die Herrn her den öouvoraenon Erzbiotuns ^nd-Kurf uoro t onturi^ Ti'ier frov/osen v/aren« Von Kaisern und Koenlon und I'eldhorry^n^ va Urioneng Anaoon und Friedcnoochlucooon^ von Psychonen dor Vorzuochunci dor Vorzwolflunc^i und des IlaooeSi von * Revolutionen und Porsokutlonon zeurton an Jeder Ecke die ^enkncelor» //Auf dloaen Dodon, auf don dio Loondor oich trofon und de4 eofurcht wnr va-: Pflug 4«» JnhrtQUoondo, hatte olno 3pur von dcsri T.lsßon um
die
nnfl 'KM Kltolkoit dor Dint'TO \mchs -n koonnon«
Dio i:ircho aolbat hatte Suoßo von Skepsis und Toleranz oncenoer.en«
Auch dlo kotholiflcho Ilirc! e v/ar/fuer ßute^roln^ xind c^too Eosong und nochslohtlc froren dlo kloinon achv/oeohcn, und elo blinzelte don Leuten zu, oich nicht nufzuroron und obonoovvohl lobon zu lorjoon
wie zu lobon»
In diennn Jahr 1816 c!»b on Uf)bordine noch oinon ondoron ürund fuer die Leute von Trier, nicht zu viele Gcdenkon an don kloi^noron
r
Klatsch 2u versohwÄndon« Blno noue, frondo Aoro boßorni fuor slot
||Vor .»anzlR Jnhroa „nr^dlo Koore der frai^oo. lochen «ovolutlon Hlor
elnrozoron, und dns En .e des oouvcrconon ErzblstunL Trlor vmr pro«
Klonlort worden. Die ötodt y/r.r entlelelt-lot v^oidont Ihroi' v/uordo als
Hauptatadti^und hatte zur franzoe Blochen Hopublik, spnoter zun Knlsor«
reich cchoort» Slo hatte mit nassvoUon V/ohlgofallon die buerßor»
Hohe Freiheit
ompfnn,"on# slo hatte
mit nasfvollor ünluot die Elnquortlerunron und ;^onoi^lpt Ionen und dlo heroische Unordnunc uober sich erhöhen laoson« Abor das v/or alles IJrovlsorlGoh rov.-esent Die nrpoloonla ho v;oce v;ar zuruockc©- flutot» Nouo Unlfornon vn\Ton In der ütadt crnnhlenon. Bol Vmtorloo war d-a Kaiserreich zorbrochon, und Mitte lßl5 hatten die Groosen Europns auf don ülonor Concroas auch ndbor dn» Schlckcnl dos laolxien Ttler entschieden» Die Stadt war Preuocen zucos* rochon v;ordcn« Jetzt richteten die preusolcchon Behoerden sich ein« Zun ersten lial erschien
«
das V/appen dos hohonzollorlschen Koonlco an don ooffen::Iic!;en Bauton, und die Leute von Trier frarten sich, v;lo dno Lobon sich Jetzt fuor sie ßcstal'en uerdo. Oenuf», un den Advokaten LJarx nlc^it wlchtlc zu nohncn — es s 1 denn In seiner Elccns hnft als voilaooslicheo Rtchtsberator, dor In solchen Zielten besonders ochcotzbar v;r.r«
Der Advoknt Heinrich r.arx — 'a» nennte er r.lch Jetzt «^ er«, klaerto nieiaols dlo i:otlvo solnoo Olaubcnsv/ochsolß, Rollnloese Uebor»
ObuuIiX
r
zeurunren hotten unz\ /elf elhnft (dabei jk fervön elno Art von penthe Ist lochen Gott, .iln übt o \md feie Kln«'or. ihm opaetor ^eboron vrar^len^^blo zu oelnon Tod vor den Laster deo Athelsnun \7nmtQ« Vfjioubto
an kolnon konrcssloaellon Gott# Er
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az"9 seine ßolotlco linlnat war dio -^uffclnerunr«**
<— - '^
nicht der Katochlanoo Ir^ona clnor Kirch© «/fubonowonlc hntto dno
Motiv erlatiert» dne vlelo Jnhrzohnto epoetor von &wi rtolodriiDotlkorn
nrlen vmrdo. ^) So lo4 ßitnlchten jipnhp, floa^ das nouo
prousslnche Ronlne Heinrich Worx mit data tyrannlschoi^ TTltlraatim
^onfpntlei'ti*! ontv;o(!or Kmtxxtatk Christ zu w< rdon oder sein Ant zu
Terlloren« Der Advokat nn Obor^Appellatlonnhof von ""rlor hntto kein
Ar.t. Er wnr (goin nooatopp oodl oy4 oin frolor, prlvoter Kechts-Anvmlt.
Seltdota doe rofelorto "ETTonzlpotiona" -Edikt den prcuoslcchon Judon
Jalir 1812 die volle ^^icprrnplirh^ Glolohotellung
cobrücht hntto, hatten dio Behoorden ?r«>dor dfa Recht/ noch die Ab»
eicht, irr-ond olnon von ihnen an der A suobunc Ircond eina prlvotcn
Borufos zu hindern« Neih, ^^olnrich l'arx vmr nicht bedroht von Atton*
teton staatlicher Tyrannei» \;enn endrerselts sein 3lnn ouT klolne
»
. nesells hnftliche Vortoilo corlchtot ccwosen wooro, woeio er in olnor 8 tock«knthol lachen ütaflt bog dr sur. Knthollzionufj uofcorcoßQni'on» Aber or v/nehlto don Protoatontlanua,— o<ior, mit doii off Iziollon War.on, dio "Evanrolloche Landooklrcho doo Koenlpjt 'ohJf Prouooena*»^*ü ^d er tat en Schritt In den Auronblick, In den Tjrler su Preusflon frtcorinon war« Dio Wahrheit \;gp- dasa or Advoknt Iloinrich Uarx ein
©ntschlo3conor Verehrer i'roiisoöas \7nr#
f
Dns ^hatte in r^ einer Jurond boconnon nlt den läaGnotlanus, don cu<^ cuf ihn, v;lo nuf ello \.elt, lor blznrro Friedrich der örosso ouauobte«^
• IT
nlc!it d T "i^oldhorr, oondorn dor "•«'hllosoph auf don Thron", der Vol- taire und d'Alenbort uri nlch voraeriiolt hatte, dor ftotlonallot/ un»? Bncyolop- edl3t.l(er ^ milgj Protektor und Pronotor der "Auf klaerung" t
-3-) — UUI^^Ja^ U<^(li^^4t. ^ooJL ko^^^
ctfog hie^.^^^
c
r
Donn hatte Napoleon dns Lnnd nloclorros 'hiofron« Abor ßerado ouö der Hledorlago ce^ar alch nouop, voriiGhi top Reopokt»— Roopokt vor den vorbluoffend tuochtlron nefomon, durch v^ iche dlo pr uaelacho llfltlon Glch ous clor Ulsore so rasch v/ledor onpp^, erunroü hotte. TJnd Jotzt, kein Svrolfol, repraosontl orto Preuoflon dlo bocto Iloffnune dos Kontinents, Don tmr dlo rieinunn liluropa'ß, alclit nur Iloiarlch I.!ürx»» ♦emz-rn?7to8 IJ J.n don Dlnrron des puron Oolctes urü der Aosthotlk
bliob Fronkrolch dco Mokka dor
I .» •
Dingen
dof? prr.ktlnchen stcntllchen Lebens konzentrierten die Srv.'ortuncen sich auf Preussen« Hier schien Stablllteet ohne r.enllltrot, Opdnunc ohne titHlotend zu Hause» Prouosen, dos schien In dloacn bohren
Fortschritt nlt
j.^.»«:* •
riaöG und Vorsicht zu becloutoiii oollcio Vor^ nunft mit Renponscbllitneti flolsoiro Enorclo nlt n )8pektnbilltaett Ein ernstllchor V/ims h war IlGlnrlch Marx erfuellt \ orcle^ ala dop 3pa»h dos Wiener ironereüo^eefollon \:Qr unu ogIiiq Stadt zu Prouasoa f:ehoorte# Und jetzt \70llto er dp zu cehooren/ c^^ini: dazu CQ^ooTon% Weder er^ noch die iiinder^ dlo or hnben vmordej aollton durch t/ao ßuch l'!3ner rehln'ort s In, öans dnzu zu i-:ehooron# v^setae^ die d,ie Juden d4a krlnlniorton^ hotte der Staat Preussen bcacltlct» Gofuehle, die Judnn dinier in lal'^rton, nusnten sie oolbot zu bcseltlnon versu* chon« Der Uebertrltt zu'i Chrlstentura \Kxr fuor Heinrich i-inrx dlo totale Comunlon mit den Vorehrton Proussen«
In 'er Druckorr^sso wohnton solide, ('eBöttcltot nlttlore Duorrer» Dfiß IIpus Ilgpö^ trar drolstoockiß, nlt oinor knhlon.ivf'lsa-ekolktoa Fpsor.doJ?» Advoknten, so socto dlo i^hronordnunn dor GiliTo, sind keine Geschaoftslouto, Sie hoben, ;f7lo d^le Aerzte, olno Vortrnuono-Stollung
./
rt
in der v-osellschoft* Deshalb duerfen sie keine ^l^uueiiaui un Bureaus unterhalten^ sondern muosscn ihren Deruf ohne Anstrich von KomiJier* zialitaet in ihrer eigenen Wohnunr; ausuebaa« So kaiion und gingen in dem Llarx^ sehen Haus die 'Weinbauern, V/einhaendlcr, Hausbesitzer und Kaufleute, die die Mandanten des Anwalts v/aren« Sie v;aren zahl* reiche Die Kanzlisten und Kopisten^ die vor den hohen Pulten standen und die Kielfedern uebor das Papior kratzen liessenp vermehrten sich# Wohlstand herrn hte in dem Haust
Eine Tochter vmrdd dem Paar geboren« Sie erhielt/ den Namen Sophie. Am 5« Mai lf^l8 kam ein zv;eites Kind, ein Knabe t 3r vmrde als Karlyin das Kegister eingetragen» Fast in jeden der folgenden Jahre erhielt die ^amilio v/eiteren Zuv/achs und die Fra£:e der Reli- pion der NGUgcboronen machte^ wie vorauscosohen, Sori:en# Die Ent- scheidunr fiel vorlaeufig ira Sinne der . utter# Vater Marx liebte seine Prau^ gs v/ar eine gute zaertliche Ehe# Aber in dieser einen
«
Frage lagen die Gatten in eineia Kampf miteinander viele Jahre lang, und als Karl sich dorn Eintritt in die Schule naeh rte, setzte der Vßtor l^rhTiiQnil jf^^j seinen Vt'illen durch# Ein^s ^ages in Aupust 1824 erschien er mit sieben Kindern in der Kirche, und Sophie, K rl, Hermann, Henriette, Louise, Enilia und Carolina vmröen alle gleich- zeitig evamielisch petauft# Die Mutter nahm nicht teil an der Fei- erlichkeit JjUnso groesser war die Ven'/underung, als ein Jahr spaetor, in November 1825, ploetzlich auch sin den Schritt vollzog, genen den sie sich so lang gestraeubt hattet Was sie eiaau retriebe/n hatte, blieb ilir Geheimnis • Mag snin, dass dit3 zvei Aeltesten in der Schule wegen ihrer Juedischen Llutter gchaenselt v/orden v/nrent Mrg sein,
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h
^MI1^ . ^
ux> .
l^-^'t
4
W. 'i^s
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r
dass sie In f^en Kindern selbst eine Fremdheit hatte entjffstehen sehen, die sie ueberwinden wollte. Ganz bestiirimt zeigte der Knabe J^orl keine innip:en Gefuehle fuer sie.Jis wnr ein etv/as schwieriger Knabe, mit schroffen Urteilen und eip:0nsinnip:* Den Vater bewunderte er» Zu der Mutter betrug er sich stoerrisch#|Schon gegen ihre Spra- che zeigte er Widerv/illen« Sie lernte nie mehr als ein rudiinentaeres, er/?: fehlerhaftes Deutsch, und das sprach sie mit sch\'»7erein hpllaen- discheir Accent« Auch muss gesagt werden, dass ihr Horizont nicht weit reichte. Als ihr Sohn s- hon erv/achsen war^ erschoepften sich ihre ^rife an ihn in feuii^'un Rntschlaegen, sich v/arm anzuziehen; seine Stube mindestens einmal Jede Woche p^ruendlich reini/ron zu las- sen; sich selber mindestens einmal woechentlich mit einem grossen Schwarun vom Kopf bis zu den Fuessen zu waschen; und dergleichen. Wenn schwierigere Dinge auftauchten, schrieb sie ••Folge Deinem Äu- ten Vöterl** »Jedenfalls trennte schon den Knaben deutlich eine Kluft von der Mutter. Alle Mittel, die ihr bescheidener Kopf ersann, um eine i^rnecke zu ihn zu schlafen, versagten bis zum Ende ihrer Tage.
Die Jahre flössen gleichriaessig. In der Schule, die auf das Studium an der Univers ita et vorbereitete, wanderte der Knabe Karl
«
ohne Stoerung von den niederen Klassen zu den mittleren Klassen.
Ein^Gymnasium^ in Jenen Zeiten war keine V er gnuegungs -Anstalt. Äs vrar nicht viel die Rede darin von Sport und Spielen und Liebjlha- bereien. Seim- Stunden am Tag vairde gelehrt, gelernt und geprueft^ und vreitere stunden ginpen auf die iiaus -Arbeiten drauf. Riesige Quantitaeten von Wissen wurden in die Koepfe gepumpt^ und die Zucht war streng. Aber der Sohn des Advokatsn Marx war ein begabter Junge. Seine L'-istunfren in den Stunden wnren nicht so brillant und dominierend
c
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wie er irri ^espraech und Iri Auftreten v/ar# lllchtsdestov/enlßer war er einer rter besten Schueler, und sein Fleiss und korrektes Öetra- pen^ wurden von den Zeugnissen f^eruehmt. Ebenso wie die Lehrer lade haette auch der Vater zufrieden sien koenncni haette nicht eine Seltserkeit ihn beunruhigt* Das war die ^eobachtunf, dass der Schue 1er ^erl hinter einer /Glaswand lebte, die ihn von seinen Mitschue* lern trennte »//sollten nicht gerade waehrend der Schulzeit Frennd- Schäften fuer^s Leben peschlosseh werden? Karl schloss keine Freund«
Schaft«
ben wird, wird o
llcK an, in den er diu üchule vorlacoon ho^
n ij;auze,
ang nleiriülü nmUr einen riJingl->
non JQ onhrti'ibeu, vun kel-
r KlQooonkQPiordon oohQA.
affin Jf^ |rr»|nTr>v.|^n r:>>>^n b^kOT^lien^ <<^p^inP" ^ Grtj^prMMnliMn iiH i V hrli.-fnn^^^
emvnohnoni Und die Ursache dieser i^efrendlichkeit v/ar nicht, dass die anderen Junf^en ihn abgelehnt haetten, Obv/ohl er sich einige zu Feinden nachte durch arrogante Benerkungen uid hoehnische Rei- me, vrr '^r viel zu lebhaft, unterhaltend und hervorstechend, als dass nicht viele sich gerne an ihn angeschlossen haetten# Er selber wer es, der keine herzlichere V/aenie aufko: raen liess# Er bewegte sich zwischen den Jungen ohne nennchlichen yjpontaj^^ und ohne ein Beduerfnis danach. Vater Heinrich war keineswegs sicher, die rich- tip:e Erklperung gefunden zu haben, \i^nvi er sagte, dass der Junge sich nicht fuer Jungens interessiere; dass er sich nur fuer Er- v/achsene interessiere»
Aber es traf zu, dass Karl, so weit es nur f:ing, s eine freie 2ieit mit Erwachsenen verbrachte, — mit den zv;ei Erv/achsenen, die verfuegbnr fu^r ihn waren» Der eine war Vater Heinrich
r*
V,
i'rovinzlol-Iießioninrt iind er
11
Mnnc, öor sich "olncn kleinen Morin*» zu nonnon liebte« Dro nnclre v/or Te*- Roonlrlloh Ppouoslecho Oeholno Roftierunrorot Ludv/ift von wcntpneien, flor unVootgol^b » ein rrosoer i^nn wm»^ !:it den Aup;en von Trier CGOohon,hotto or oln onlnontoo Ai.t, un>: nit ITnrx» schon Auren rosehon hatte or ein enlnonteo soziolon ProotinoJDonn diar Oeheln© Rerleruncarat Ludwlr von \.o8tph<ilen rohoerto zu <len pbcroton Ch*»f8 iü der !><' n 1 r»! ic ?v pp QUO 0 In
rrehoorlo zu der fernen, vorsohlosnenen '-elt der Ariatolc^otlo« Sein Vetor r/or GenerRl'-Uflrtlor/Snolater doo Ilorzofi^s Ferdinand von BpHunsohrrelß r^or/eson, olnea An ioe-i:onr .f,nd6urs In der Koalition Frled- pi'^ho A*in >Tioo-oa mit Oeorpo IT. von Kn^lnnd, Noch vorn „hrioro/ Deoo-jdonz hatte ooiae Mutter roliobt« Sie vrar den s h )ttle;hon IToch- cdf • entsprungen, aid ihr Stonnbour. war von olncn Schi . ,or herol- sr^hor Ro-vntlk u-^eben. Kr fuehrte 3urt;ock auf jonon proabytoria«
nlschen .'iobollen Archlbrld Gnrrpboll Knrl of ArcTlo, der z^.oi Jahr-
dor hundorte f r uohor voruoborrehond tatsnochlicho IlG.-rsf.hor in Schott-
Ipn : rev/eson v;nr, und den Terioo ifidonn auf fioia Jlarktplats von Ddln- burph ooffentlich hntte hlnrlchton Inseen« Dns wr-ren die Eltom dos K^'unlil i* Prouso lochen nerlofunff^rato von V.'ostphnlont
In Ilnuno eines I'ennes dlocoo -^uf^oo froundlic^r.ccor/iort zu sein, vv^r eine nnatflo i;hro, die niclit empn^-oln konnte schon cl.ien Knaben bevmoat zu sein. Karl vorstand, daos < r dioso i.hre nicht TP z ßlch salbet verdenkto. üolno üchv.color v/rr drij-nn bctoi- li^-t.aophie frin/' zur «chule nlt don Tocchtorchcn dos Gohoiraen liats. Die beiden Mnedchen w^ren die Unzertrennlichen der Klasoo. ö4f© hi!i'">ii kiuooTTinn wie die Klstton^ und nur don \>oc ucbor die kleine
fi
/
(•"■=
u
Itenr, dor sich "olnon kleinen Moim" zu nennen liobte. Dro nnclre wor ler. Äoonlrlloh Preunslscho Oeholrio Renleruncorat Ludv/lg von
»„„. . , . , ^ -.^ cie*. hielt sfcM^,
Wcotphalen, dor unbootFoUb n oin ^oaoer tiann we»^ ::it den Aucon von Trier cooohen.hotto or ein enlnontoo kX^ unr- mit ITnrx'schon Auren rosehon hatte or ein oninontoo oozialoo Prootica^nn der Oehet-ne Rerlerunrarat Ludwlr von Wostph^aen rohocrto su den pboroten Chofa Ih der Koenlrllc^PpounolnoJion Provinz lal-Re^iorunr, und er
rehoerto zu dep fernen, vorechloonenon Welt der Ariatolc^etle, 8f>ln Vetor v/er General -uortlor^^olater doo Horzo/^a Ferdinand von Bpüunsohrreiß rov;eson, olneo Amoe-ilonriflndeurs in der Koalition Priod- rl-hs d^fi ■noo-oxi nlt Georco IT. von Knrrland, Noch vorn-^hiiere/ Deo^'^donz hatto seine Mutter roliobt, Sie vrar den achottlße^hon Hoch- odol ontspj-unpen, aad Ihr Stennbrtun war von einen Schi or horol- fl^hor Ro-.,nntlk u-^ebon. Er ftiohrte auruock auf jenen proebyteria-
nlschen -^ebollen Archlb^id Cnnpboll I^erl of Arn/lo, der 2x;el Jahr-
dor hundorte f j ueher vorueborßehond tatsnoclilicho Ile.-rsr hör in Schott«
lrn\ rev;e9ori v;nr, und den Janoo ifidana nuf deia Zuarktplntz von Edln- burph ooffentlloh hntte hlnrlohton lassen. Dns w-ren die Eltom des
PreusB Ischen x^wHlerun^f-rato von vrootphnlon. In Ilnuse eines Manneo dlocos -enrres freundlit^ficcop/iort zu eoln, w-r eine nngifita ::hro, die nlcJit err.pn/'eln konnte schon Ol. eLi Knohen bevmost zu soin« Karl voratond, dass < r dioso Lhre nicht TP z Rieh selbst verdankte« Seine Schwester wrr d«mn bctel« lirt.üophle plnr zur Schule mit dor.i Tocchtorchcn dos Gohoiiien liats. Die beiden -nedchcn weren die Unzertrennlichen dor Klasoo. Oie
auooT i.hv.
/ w
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V
Jenny von Westphalen war er in den Geölchtskrols ihres eminenten Vaters pekornmen» Auch Vater Mni^ hatte einen Anteil. In üerufsdingen hatte er haeuf ig mit der juristischen Abteilung der Provinial-Regie- runp: zu tun« Dabei v/ar ihia allmaehlich das ausf^esprochene Wohlwol- len ihres Leiters V/estphalen zuf^efallen.y^Aber das alles v/ar noch kein ^rund fuor den alternden Herrn, jahrelang; viele öti^en seiner Zeit von den junpen Karl Marx besohlagnahmen zu lassen, mehr moeglicher- weise als er seinen eigenen Soehnen widmete • Etwas musste ihm gefallen
an den ünterhaltun^^en mit diesem unersaettlichen Zuhoorer, der die
» «
Au^en nicht von ihm liess — • es waren dunkle Augen in einem
dunklen Gesicht^ und das Haar war pechschwarz, die Nase etwas breit, und das ganze rechtfertigte den Spitznaraen »»der I/ohr^^, den der Vater ihm gegeben hatte. Und der Mohr nahm die Gelegenheit v/alir. Er war nie
* *
zu muede, die zvrei Maenner, die ihn alle i^'reunde ersetztenj^^ unter den Schraubstock seiner Fragen und DisputaöLonen zu bringen. ^Aus-
« •
quetschen", nannte ea Heinrich Marx. "Ihr Mohr hat nich gestern wie- der einmal ausgequetscht**, sagte nanchnal laechelnd delj (feheime Rat«
Vater l<iarx seinerseits^ das muss gesagt v;erden, kam nicht inner laechelnd aus den Unterhaltungen mit seinem Sohn heraus. Manchmal war er sehr nachdenklich .//Er 1b tte all seine ^aertlichkeit iind all seinen Ehrgeiz auf diesen aeltesten Sohn konzentriert. Der Zweite Gott sei*s freklagt wr.r dunm gevaten* Der dritte, der verspaetet als ein achtes Kind nn^ekormen war, kraenkelte seit der (feburt. Nur auf Karl konnte er die Hoffnungen setzen, die ein Vater hogt; und sicher hatte er reichlich Anlass, mit der Entfaltung des Jungen zufrieden zu sein. Aber erlag er einem eitlen Anspruch auf Vollkoimenheit, v/enn einige allmaehlich deutlicher werdende Zuege an Karl sein vae-
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terliches Herz bekuemrierten? Er redete sich zu, nicht zu uebertrei- ben. Aber die beunruhip;enden DinRe blieben da, und eines von ihnen konnte wahrscheinlich niemand ausser ihm richtig beHi^riTen*
Kein A'/eifel, dass der Junge mit einem starken Verstand aus- gestattet V7ar# Dps hatte sich schon in seinen fruehen Jahren geaeipjt* Es bestaetipte sich. Je mehr er wuchs* Jäs v/ar soin fteiz und die be- ste Hoffnung fuer seine Zukunft. Aber der Advokat Marx konnte nicht verkennen, dass es ein Verstand von ganz Inniabe sonderer Gatluii^ war» Hier hntte die i^atur sich einen ihrer Scherze erlaubt* In diesem «jun- gen Kopf hatte sie das Gehirn seiner Gross-^eter v/iecier erstehen las- sen — jenes eiwntuemliche ^ehirn, das in der Zucht der rabb inIschen Wlsnenschaft entsteht #
Heinrich I/iaxrx kannte d^*se Wissenschaft aus der Zeit, in der sein Vater ihn selbst fuer sie gewinnen hatte wollen. Er erinnerte sich an die Art von Scharfsinn, aus der sie bestand. In der Bibel stand, zu«i Beispiel, der Satz: «^Du sollst ein Zicklein nicht kochen in der Wilch seiner Mutter." i tJobaraoUafti; "Thuü aJiail iiuL^üüebfee
y\^ in TiJT TnfJttinr'n mlllf" l))i Was bodeutet dos, ^ena u untersucht? Bedeutete es nur, wie es v/oertlich schien, das Fleisch eines v/irk- liohen Zickleins und die Milch seiner v;irlclichen, eigenen Mutter? Bedeutete es nicht vioVnehr, allijenieiner, dass keinerlei Fleisch in keinerlei I-ilch frekocht werden soll? Und da Kochen eine Vor- stufe von Essen ist: bedeutet es nicht sogar, dass Fleisch und Milch nicht zusa: :nen gegessen worden sollen? /onurisonkars von Lo-
gik v/ur^en aus den Sandkoernern
^,
o
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14
solcher Frarton nufposchichtot. Zwanzlj», fuonfzif: Foliont^seiten von schvrlnr'olerrecerKien Schi' ssfolrorunfon durchVÄntlthcsis, durch Eli- mination-, 4u£C
Anfochtun.^en urrd -VertGidicunfen jedes einzolnon Glieclos in Jeder Kette von Folrorun.^enf |*«t4Tr^
»:»
nl'iiii'"T.'
^on Eohgurtunpcn tloforr Tf'(?ntfb1.r oton oiel»
vcrmnrrüirj V/enn Leinrlch Iwarx seinen Vater und öen ^rosnvater eine berton.'ors kunstvolle Ä>eduktion hatte fenioosen sehen vxie einen Leckerbisr en, go hatte er sich einsoK und bedrueokt refuohlt. Ihr
/
Gehirn riuof^te /anders konstruiert sein als seines. 3s 1;odurfte eines
vernuonftipen Anlasses in der v/irklichen Vyelt, un das ueino in Be-
v/e-nuii- zu tribp-ri. Dos ihre arbeitete aaacheinenr'. u;.so bosser, je •
chlnnerischerV^strakter \md f.ekü'irtntoltoi der Ge<i3nstand wart '
p je "tiefer sio ins vai^uum der praktischen Sinnlosigkeit vordrangen,
Sr hatte spaoter ftefundon, dns" df:s nicht nur bei den Juedi- sohen Tclnudisten so war, Sie hatten Kollegen in allen Religionen« Die christlic en Scholasten, die endlos dnruobcr debnl^orton, ob auf der Spitze einer Nadel ein Bn.^^el, zv/ei En^el, oder mehrere Engel Platz haben, v/aren mit g^nz derselben Art von <iehirn equiplcrt ge- wesen. Es hatte natuerlioh domit zu tun, dass Reli^'ion, eine öedtie de : Glaubens und Gefuehli, einfj^ch nichts gemein hat nit Logik und Wis'^enschaft« Itsdui Viivauch, uieh^odootov^onigog oAno Wiofionai-haft ans lln h^rciusauholcn^ konnte unvrinioldlieh nui' nu -:,uiD uillon und Abgurdtnoton fuohrenj Wie dem auch seiji^, Vater **einrich konnte sich nicht darueber taeuschAn, v/ohor er Geist in seinen auf \/achs enden Jun-^en s tarnte. Aus der Art solne^ "VJaruns" und "AborG", aus der
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Art der Ideen, auf die er verfiel, aus der Art, wie er sie drehte und verknu^^pfte und fortipann, stieg wieder der »eist der Alten vor den Folianten auf. Es erschienen wieder in Miniatur-Aus ßebe die Kuenste der schwindelerregenden Schlussfolcierungen, Und es erHChlen wieder der unfehlbare J-rieb zun Va/uura der Abstroktioni zur SpdjJ-
«
kulatlon um der Spekulgbidfc willen. Der Mohr, das war deutlich, wnr rmso InterAsslerter an einer Sache, Je weiter sie von der Wirk- lichkelt entfernt war# Lebende IcoHlcg^ts Menschen und
schienen ihn nur zu fesseln, wenn sie schon die Verwandlung in Druckerschwaerze durchgemacht hatten* jricht oAe
bog codQOht| eooagt und gooohgio-
ben lin
opte 00
Vater Marx versuchte die Interessen seines Jun/iinoa hinuober-
Genuß Er-
zulenken zu ^tef^ konkrete4JuDin(Tön^4o3^-w
steunlich^ ginp |n Ihr ▼of^y^n den Jahren, in denen Karl Marx sich "
/■ ''
dem Ende seiner Schulzeit naeherte, fuhr das erste ^ampf schiff ueber die Mosel • Der erste Eisenbahnzug rollte fauchend in die beflap:p:te Stadt/» Mnn hoerte, dass die Strassen und Hr»euser mit
«
eine»", unsichtbaren Gas. das durch Roehren stroemte beleuchtet wer- den koennte^ Und es kamen Nachrichten von Erfindungen, — söge-» nannten Meschinen, ebenfalls betrieben mit den gesegneten Dampf--, die immer neue nuetzliche Dinge unvergleichlich billiger als bis- her und in Mengen wie noch nie herstellen konnten • Das waren die Wunder, fuer die Vater Heinrich seinen Mohr zu interessieren ver- suchte«
x>
16 Das Ist das Zlel^ erklaerte er Um, auf das der Mensch nar- echlerte waehrend all der Jahrtausende, In denen Ihn noch nichts andres dienstbar war als die Kraft seiner Muskel- und die Kraft <=/^
und fuer einige Zwecke die Kraft des Windes, Es v/ar alles nur eine Vorbereitung gewesen. Jetzt endlich machen diese Knechte aus Eisen und Dampf ihn zun Herrn der Natur. Nichts hindert
T-«»4 eine neue Welt des Wohlstandes, der Veredelung, des allf^eraelien Gluecks a Wigt ^uf ^ //Niena Is war Vater Heinrich beredter^ als wenn er von den lichten Perspektiven des nun enge- brochenen Portschritts sprach,— denn Fortschritt war fuer ihn der Sinn der Welt, und Vernunft war ihr Lenker, und in diesen Er-, findungen sah/er beides v/underbar manifestiert. Welche Preude.
und Literatoren fiMh mit diesen Wundern der v/ahren, greifbaren Wlrk- llchkelt zu toooheaftir.en^ Welches Glueck, wenn in den Zweifeln der Beruf svrehl die Lust in ihn erweckt werden koennte, elnJOov »4e^ dieser ^ieuuii WlUUuusi-halt und Kuno^ zu v/erden: eln^Physlker, Chemiker, TechnAloge, Erfinder. Aber d^r Mohr blieb gleichgueltie peren all des. In keinem Fach wer er schwaecher als in den exakteiiii den Naturwissenschaften. Die Zeugnisse des Gymnasiums qualifizier- ten seine Leistunp;en auf diesem Gebiet 1 mer nur mit "Mlttelmaesslg".
Er war alles eher als ein «««n-<'«»»^^»r^ Trnitfft1nTni">""r TTr^mlt- Die Welt war eine grosse Lockunc. Er traepte von Triumphen in ihr,
• -
von blendenden Leistungen und allgemeiner Verehrung. Er acceptierte sie, so wie sie v/ar, und v;ollte teilhaben an allen, wns sie bot.
/
17
1 J-
Er p;6nß in die Tanzstunden. Kr lernte reiten» Er liebte, p;ut gekleidet zu sein. Aber seine dominierende Stellung in dieser V/elt vmerde er nicht mit Leistungen in ihi^en profanen, praktischen Dingen erobern» Gross und refeiert vmerde er v/erden durch Taten in Reiche des subliiaoig Gedankens; durch Offenbarungen in Wort, niedergeschrieben auf Papier^ gedruckt auf Papier, gosamiclt in Beenden von Papier.
wenir^er evenfnlls seine
Das ^ooohricbone V^ort| dn^ij Buch^ vmr^^fl fuer die Gebildeten dor Zeit fast doT^ einzip;e Inhalt ihrer Mussestunden. Man las sich gegen- seitig vor und diskutierte uebor das Gelesene. Der Geheimrat von Westphalen konnte mehr als vorlesen. «Er konnte ganze Seiten von Homer
In griechischen Text ausv/endig rezitieren. Er konnte Karl^ der kein
*
Englisch lernte, panze öcenen von •Shakespeare ausv;endij/g uebersetzen. Heinrich Merx^ \¥enip;op oouvorooa als dor Geheimrat^ hatte nichtsdesto-
^ktuollöcj Verliebtheiten. Die iutorori^ wpren Voltaire und Racine, i^as war die Sphaere, in der der liohr sich heiraisch fuehlto. //^io Liste der Autoren, die er sich einverleibte, wuchs rapide» Er wnrf um sich mit Dichtern , Phi- losoT>hen, Relifionsphilosophen, Literotur-Anelysten.und '■iogrnphotu Der Verdacht stiop; auf, dass er die vielen Buecher, die er zitierte, gar nicht wirklich zu Ende gelesen habe. "Er liest sehr viel," wird einer der nnechnten Zeupen einige Jahre spaeter bestaetißen, "aber er vollendet nichts; er bticht ueberall ab und stuerzt sich iimner von neuem in ein endloses ijuechcnneer." *) '^'^ ^ ^^
r*^» X
*) Arnold Rupe:
vuia
'^e^eJ^d ^d J^^hudhiJ^^ . in . 3s/,
S 3^s
18
)füy üi tri sich aufnahnii genuef^te jedenfalls, um ihn in den Unter- haltungen erstaunlich zu machen« Besonders den Mitplledern der juenceron CjenerQtion|- die lauachcnd dabüi. riarifleni verschlug es fast den Atem, ^chv/ester Sophie und Jenny von Wostphelen hinr;en Hill glüahönd^t "^wundertte^f an seinem Mund* l^ie Bewunderung: stieß, je mehr der Junge Mann sich vervollkorminete in einer cewaehlten, bilderreichen ^r^^che, • - einer "Sprache , v/ie sie sich Geziemte fuer einen zukuenftif^en Dichter*
Denn r;egen iichluss der Gymnasial-Zeit hatte Cer junf^e Karl Marx endlich seine Mission in der Welt erkannt • Es \jf)V ih-i jq^t klar, dass er die Menschheit eroborn \merde als Dichtert // Das -war ^-4 fi-icht daO| \md( der Va terVt^eltte , Mofls »■ i^ichten v/ar das {grosse Los in G-ottes Lotterie • Jeder mochte es versuchoni aber fucr den Fall, dass es nisslang, musw^to man einen normalen ^eruf ausu ben koennen« Bs v/ar wohlvorstanden, dass der Mohr die Jurinterei .studieren T5ft4* ein Advokat \'erden wuerde# Eines Ta "es vuerde er in die Praxis sei- nes Vaters eintreten und sie schliesslicji alleine uebernehrien» Das war der natuerllche Lauf der ^inge, und Kerl^lfj^gj ^uliuii die fU^Lilkr
reruübiiorl hallu-l/v idersprach nicht ♦ Ab r in seinera i^erzen stand fest, dass er zum Dichter bestimmt i^ei^ und in der Schublade seines Schreibtisches vermehrten sich die Blaetter mj/^Gedichten«
^*le pab es ein ^nd, in dem so viele Verse pcinacht v/iirden wie in dem Deutschland von damals. Lyrik v/or die Faszination der ro- mantischon ^eit. Niemand v/nr populaerer als der^, Doktor Heinrich ^ine aus Duesseldor^ auch ein Jude,- d«a GottVoie Gab. verliehen i*«^ die su..3aesten, sci.^^^^"^"^» sehnsuochtirnton Gedichte
K.^'T: §
ZU schreiben, die Je in deutscher Sprache geschrieben v/orden waren»
19
r
/
^ie wurden zitiert und de|(lamiert in jedon Haus, Sie wurdon cesunren in den Kompositionen, die der allzufrueh verstorbene Franz Schubort in Wien und nouerdinpa die Meister Kobert «^chumenn und Felix **endelsohn^aus vielen Dutzenden von iJmcn ßeraecht hatte. Jis pnb v/eni^e Junge -^eute, die nichtVvers achten, ob nicht auch in Ihnen ein/ Heine stecke, und ob nicht auch sie die gebildete Welt, die ^enueter der Brauen ranz besonders, sich so zu iuGsnon liv/ingen koennten \ie er. ^rl Marx traute es sich zu.
Es ist v/ahr, der ^ehe itarat von Westphalen^ oin Dt)ronp.ftii-*t»it,.- *©»Jzeie;te sich gleichgueltir, als er ihri einipe seiner Verse brachte, Er sarto, das sei nichts wert; dns staiane nicht aus der Phantasie eines Dichters; mit allen Haufunren rrossartiror ^«orte und Mata- phern sei es kuenstlich aus dem Verstand heraus repr es st.'^b er es f^ab andere Reaktionen, Der Tochter des Gehoimrats 80^ schlugen alle Duefte der i oesie aus den Versen des Mohres cntgecen. Alle Glut des Genies brannte in ihnen, ßeim 'LQBQn eines neuen Blattes konnte es geschehen, dass sie, \-le Sophie den Bruder berichtete, in «Traenen der Wonne imd des Schmerzes" ausbmch. Jenny wusste zu wuordicen i»ßs er schrieb. Schrieb er nicht vielleicht, damit Jenny es vnierdige? \[^ ^en^Kopf Heinrich Marx» krouoW zuweilen eine Unruhe. Gele- gentlich ^loubto 01^ Blicke zwischen den beiden v/ahr^unohmen, eine Bqfaüi',t»iUiüll ima äälUl wleaei' tjluü ^ubuilufimaiikcilr^ die ihn be- schaeftigten. Sollte sein funge sich fflifinn vorstellen, ehte an Verrueckthelt grenzte^? Er war siebzehn; sie war einundzwanzig. ^T war ein Niemand, der noch viele Jahre brauchen vmerde, ehe er sich ernaehren konnte; sie war eine Schoenlieit in voller J^iuete,
unv;orben von Maennern allen •^»■Itors in rinflnntioHflrn ^O"
sitlonen, Und mit gov/iohtinom *'lnkoranon^ Er war der Enkel des Rabbi Melr von Padua; ^tc- y-oM.
cU^ . /?//. r /?..._/, A^^
20
c
dio Bnkelln des Duke of Arf^yle, Ea war abourd,
^ Aber vmr es nlcht^ fn^or TntJ so absurd, dess ernstliche
Unruhe sich p-or nicht lohnte? Alles v/uordc bald anders auscehon. Die letzten Monate auf dem Gymnasium ftin^en zw Ende« Die Schlusc- Pruefunren standen vor der Tuer, und denn imerde der Student zur Univcrsltaot abreinen, //wenn os den Vnter nnchrernngon v/aoro, haette Kprl von rllen Anfnnr an die Universitnet cier rornen Hauptstadt Berlin reweehlt, Heinrich llnrx v/ar prouscicchcr rov/orden als je, NBuerdings v/ar er mit den Titel eines Koeni^lich Preussiscliun Juctizratc aus- gezeichnet v/orden. Es bedeutete kein Amt, Üs v.-er nur ob na ein Ehren- Titel, v;ie ihn weitere Anv/nelte leicht erhielten. Abei es vorotacrktc seine Anhnenßlichkeit zu den Land, Nicht fruoh cenu,-, dnclite er, konnte sein Sohn den Geist -freusj^enn in sich nufnehnenj nicht frueh genuc in die innerste Structur dos proscen Mechpnisnus» Preusnen •
hieinsehen. Nur schv/cr vjar Knrl d -rchf^edrunpen nit seinen Beweisen dass fuers erste einnrl das nr.he Bonn viel bessere Aussichten fuer
sein Studium biete. ^Gleichviel, er vnierdo nun aus Trier vorschwinden Er v.Tierde das Mcedchen fuer Innpo üoit nicht mehr sehen. V/ns immer z\7lschon ihnen bestcndj^, vmerde sich loecon 4nd in Vercosoenheit ge- ratGn#
Im Herbst dos Jahres 1^35 «nf^ der junfte Mann Karl Marx durch das ernste Ereirnio, des dio Abschluss-Pruofun," dos Gynnnsiuiris \ms* /lln Sumria bestand er sie mit Ehren. Er zeir^- sich pllcrerstcn Ran^os in den Ger-enstnendon der Reliplon, 1:. Griechischen und Lateinischen, in der Interpretation der feriochischen und lateinischen Klasoiker,
'^T *
Je nseher die Faecher der -IwtteprrbwH^eronv/rrt und Wirklichkeit kauen, umso v;enifTer vorzue^lich waren, t.'ie zu erx'mrton, die Resultrte.
A
21
V
c
(
In der Mathomatllc .-rlnr: dos Urteil nicht üb er "bofriedißoad" hinaus. Mit clon rrnnzoeninchen hRperte es, üos in dlenom Milieu benerkensv;ort \ip.r* In den Notunvissenschefton blieb ec bei den rewohnten riittelnnosoir. fAber dr«s Zentruii der Pruofunf^ war der pTosne Aufsptz in deutscher Sprncho,7und besondere war er das on-
i
Gesichts der Autor e^^^Treeuine Korls* Des Votun| das der ProfesGor Wyttenbnch nlt roter '^Inte unter die Arbeit ochriob^ anorkrnnte ihren "Reichtun an Gedankon*» und die •'ruto, plnniaoosGif-o Anordnunc** des Stoffes. Dann folrte die Fort etzunn: "Aber der Verfasser
verfnellt auch hier in den ihn '^ci/oehn liehen iehlor, i:i ein ueber- triebcnes Suchen nach einer seltenen, bilderreichen -^uodrucksv/oiGe. Dahnr fehlt der ^arntcllung an den vielen ancectric honen Stollen die noetiro Klrrheit und bestirintheit, oft so^pr Richtirkoitp und das sowohl in den einzelnen -^usdruolcen vie in den Sntzvorbindunr^en/*) Mehr als hundert Jehre spaetcr vjird ein Fornchor in Anerika fest- stellen, daos sich durch das ranze Work Kerl Mnrx^ clio Noicunc zu Metaphern und^pitturosoue retJ-oric" zieht — luid dass dioner Stil in -er dann auftritt, vonn den Gedanken an ontnc.eident on «^tollon die letzte Klarheit, Bestiii' theit und Kiclitickeit rianeoltt "V;ith
•I «
Marx, arrurients of that type and in t' at style r.ro rlways succestive of soirie v/eaknesn tiiat riust bc scroenod." **) '
Der Professor Wyttenbach der die Arbeit selnc^s ^chuolors so kritii^>i rt hatte, bekan ihn nie v/ieder zu Gesicht, Ks vr ein strenres Anstonds-Gesetz in l'rier: v;er nach bestandener ^ruelung die Reise zur üniversitpct antritt, hat vorher in allor Foir.i einen Abschieds--^osuch boi seinen alten "^ehrcrn zu nachen* Drs nicht zu
*^ ^TTt'-M^^sx: — ^i^onai'^g !f;?1 r.e Werke • — *^u::UiLii..6f.' u^^fay^ des ^^rx-
/
**
) Jf^.q<=>ph ^. Sr!!-^i^riT>nf,er: Cf>plT.r:lirii, socir.linn o.nd Der.ocj'acy. J,30
^
22
tun, knn nrho an einon Sknndal hornn» ^arl Marx tat os nlciitt
V,
i'lJU' J^oij uujju Lü UJJJI,' JJI.UÜlJi j , t;-:
nn njfiifn«
SS
23
V
xy
fiQji. ^ . Der preachelterte Dichter
Mit gut pefuellter Boerse S( In eigener Herr zu sein, ist verfuehrerisch fuer olnon Sieb zehn Ja ehrigen. Der Student In Bonn stuorzte sich köpf ueber In die Wogen seiner neuen Freiheit. Nach elni^ren Wochen erhielt er einen empoerten Brief von zuhause. "Du bestaetlfrst mir leider nur zu sehr die Welnunp:, schrieb der Va- ter, ••welche Ich trotz Deiner mancher guten Eirenschaften hep;e, dass df^r Epoisnus in Deinem Herzen verherrlichend ist,»» '*'')
Der Ausbruch hatte einen kleinen Anless und v/ar in dies
sem
Fall rasch bes^^nftipt. Aber In den drei Jahren, die Vater Marx noch zu leben haben wird, v/erdon seine Briefe noch haeuflg in die gleiche Kerbe schlagen.'J'»»Ich lasse Dir viel Gerechtigkeit wider-^hBTO, aber ich kann mich nicht ganz des Gedankens ent- schlagen, dass Du nicht frei von Egoiamus bist, dass Du etwas mehr davon besitzt, als zur Selbnterhaltunr' noetip ist.'^j'Er v/ird beharreni '•Zu Deinem eigenen Wohl darf und v/erde ich diesen Text nie verlassen, ehe Ich nicht ueberzeugt bin, dass dieser Flecken von Deinem sonst so edlen Charakter vorsnhv/undon ist. "//und er wird ihm predigen, dass selbst die blendei^ste Laufbahn unwichtiger sei als ein enstaendiger Charakter. ••Nur wenn Dein Ilorz rein bleibt und rein menschlich schlaegt, und nur v;enn kein daeraonisches Benle imstande sein wird, Dein Herz den besseren Gefuehlen zu entfrem- den — nur dann verde ich das Olueck finden, das Ich mir seit langen Jahren durch Dich ertraeume," Der alternde Mann wurde zu-
nehmend kritischer F.^p.'hXi seinen Sohn
^U. "^«-^ / f(td(-L^^
n
5. /cPV ^01
y
I I
c
c.
24 Wehlp:es von den, was er aus Bonn zu hoeren bekam, wollte Ihn gefallen. 0, er war kein Pedant. Ein junf>'er Bursche mochte seine Durraheiten machen/. Aber der Mohr schien #e«ht nichts als Dur-'mheiten zu machen. //Die Nachrichten, die mehr von Freunden als von ihrn selber kamen, waren, (gelinde gesap;t, unklar. Er schien so p:ut wie nichts zu arbeiten. Er nahm teil an den schlechtejaten Studenten-Sitten. Die Polizei priff ihn auf v;ep:en •»nnechtlichem Laer-ien und Trunkenheit", und er erhielt von der TJniversitaet eine Disclplinarstrafe. Was aerfrerlicher v/arj das Geld floss ihn aus der Tasche, lieber den bequemen Monatsweohsel hinaus, der ihm von zu Hause bewillipt v/ar, verlanptte or stnendip weitere Summen, und seine Abrechnungen verschleierten kunstvoll, wofuer er alle die Thaler verwandteK/rjfbann kam heraus^ dass er zu Zeit n Rar nicht in Bonn, sondern in ^oeln pev;esen v/ar. Und schliesslich sickerte die Geschichte durch, die fuer immer ein unpeklaertes Geheimnis in seinem Leben bleiben sollte. Er musste in Coeln ein Duell ß&^aj^ haben ~ mit Verwundunf^ oder ohne Vervmndunf. Und es konnte keines der Duelle mit Florett oder Saebel f^ewesen sein/, wie der Ritus der studentischen Verbindungen sie vorschrieb. Es war ein ern- stes Duell mit J^evolirtrru p;ewosen.
Mit wem? Weshalb? Der alte Marx, zwischen Zorn und Anfrst vor Unannehmlichkeiten schwankend, zor vor, per keine Fragen zu stellen. Noch kurz vor seinem Tod wird er Knrl di?;kret daran erin- nern, dass ^r selnerjeitsi '•u^ber »in >ti sehr dunklen Punkt nicht Aufklaerunp^ verlangte, ungeachtet er sehr problematisc;h war.*» ^^ ) Er beschraenkte sinh auf eine p'ereizte Ironie. "Ist denn das Duelliert
V^
"7
T ^^hZ^
/
25
c
c
(■
schrieb er, ••so enß mit der Philosophie vorv/oben? Es i^t Achtung, je. Furcht vor der Iv!einunp: Anderer« Und welcher Meinunf^? Nicht rernde iramer der besserenl''//Aber voniinjer diskret als die vaeter-
»
liehe Autoritnet wnr die staatliche* Sie reagierte nicht mit Sarkas mus, sondern mitvUntersut^hunp;# Als der Student Karl I!arx einige Mon^^te spaeter die Bonner Univ- rsitaet verliess, wurde in sein AbfranjRzeu^nis der Vermerk einp^etrafcen, dass or in j^oeln -^verbo- tene Waffert^ besessen hal:^e. ••Die Untersuchunr; echv/ebt noch*»* Die Autoritaet des Staates Preusrten war sehr/ dafuer, dass die Stu- denten sich mit Saebeln und Floretten duellierten» Das festigte in den kuenftif^en Stuetzen des Staates den Mut und die exclusi- ven Ehrbepriffe, Aber die Autorita et des Staates Preussen wurde nervoen, wenn Schiesswaffen in der H^nd von Buerftern, p;qa«> be- sonders von Stuäenteü, sichtbar v^^rden« - •
Der Grund fuer diese Nervös itaet penroauobor Rovolvorjgj war die dernokratis^^he Stroomun.^, Noch penauer gesagt, wer es die Anr;st
■ *
vor d^n ••ftehednen Gesellschaf ten^^^ die damals auf dera ganzen europaeiS' hen Kontinent ^ediehea#
Wps v;ar das I die demokratis^^he Stroenunp? Mit einem mo- derneren Wort aus/c^edrueckt, v/ar es die Stroenunp pepen das poli- tische Wonopol der Repiorunp:en.//Die Monarchen hatten in allen Laendern dns Monopol in allen oeffentlichen Angelegenheiten. Sie allein machten die Gesetze; sie verwalteten; sie bestinrnteni was geredet und fredruckt v/erden durfte. Selbst \ o sie bereits ein Parlarnnnt neben sich zuliessen, wie in Fronkreich| v/ar es ein Parlanent mit nur wonip^ Recht, hervor-erengen aus dem Votum duen-
>\ X
1
^C\ Cu-t^ - l\
^
Ek^k ^U. 1^0^-^ \ {jcäi^z^ s. /o^
s
/
c
c
26
ner Schichten, Dor bcnte Fall v;nr, nach dor Forr el dos Minis tors Ouizot, •'©ine fonorchie, böschrnenkt dtiroh eino fcoachreenkto Anzrhl von Buergorn**» f IJbcroütaort "a nonnrohy, linltnd by ti liiiitoA- nurnbor of citiaonD^üJf ivlanche der ronorchon nachten ihre dacho nicht allzu uobel. Aber solbat dnnn vmr der Zuntand ßo-Xin Aon Goiat dor Zeit» Die ^ieit v;ar foindseliR gor.on Jede A>t von Monopol. Sie glnubte in jedor Hinsicht an den v>er:en dor Concurronz«
Df^a hatte beptAnnen in den oekononln hon Dinront/Züoch vor vvoni- ren J^*hrzohnten hatten die t^epierunren ein I'onopol euch, in den ooko- nomiß^hon Dinron gehabt» Sie hatten begtir.nen koennen, vvns produ- ziert und Inpo tiert \f<^r^on AmxflMX duorfe; wieviele I'tinachen In Jeder ••üunft'* t^etir sein eollton; welche Pro/ise f^onoriinen und v/olche Loehno pozahlt werden raus8ten#//Abür dtwior Zustend wnr allmeehlich
ueberwunden worden von den H-icciul^H vordrincondcn Geiat des Llbcmlic-
■f
mus. Zv/ierhen 1700 und If^OO vmren die Keßiorunron ueberall aus der Rolle des Regulators dur Wirta hnft verdrnenßt worden. Joder konnte Jetzt p-^odui^ieron und nnbioten, v/ea or v.ollte. Die oekononische
Gev/elt wnr in letzter Instenz dor
•^rert Qllor exAfltiQPondoft
Demokratien zurefolleni der DoiGOkrwtle dos Mnrktes. Die Millionon souvofpenor Kaeufor, sie ellein^ entechieden ueber den Erfolg oder MlsserfolR Jeder Ware, Jedes Fobriknntcn, Jedos TInondlers. Vncl Biohe de, aus dies( r Denokrotie der KonkurrenZ| aus dioser letzten^ absoluton Ents^heidun^s^f^ev/alt |iii r.llljfoiib'ii voi^ souvornenon Kaouf er^i WRr eine wnlt groer^aere Prosreriteet entst^ndon als Je zuvor er- trneumt worden v;f^r.//flun wohl, so laast uns dnsoelbe liberale Prin- zip von den Felde der Wirtschaft eu^h auf dos der Politik uobertrarent
I
27
c
r
11 Nieder rtoa politische Monopol der Reeierunßenj Lasst Jede Mei- nunfr sich anbieten und mit Jeder Iconlcu^rleren, Langt Jeden, der ein politisches SysteDi, einen politischen Kurs zu empfehlen hat, auf don I^arkt dainit p:ehen uno^ sowohl seine Rezepte wie sich -selbst anbieten* Die Mtllieno.!^ der souveraenen Wahler w#«uiaji entsc^heiden wie und von wem skLc geleitet sein woüöa^ Groensere Zufriedenheit und hoehere Weisheit worden sich entwickeln als Jemals unter dem System den Hegierunp-s -Monopols • Dns war dns Ziel der demokrati-
8^"hen Stroeraunr:«
^ . ■ * •, ' .
Aber die -egierun^^en gestatteten nicht, offen fue-r dieses Siel einzutreten* So hatten sich ueberall auf der. Continont die ••geheim^ Gesellsohaf tei" gebildet* j--4T#>br>r.e^ftf-9^nYty wnorrr^t nnrini
iTsie fuehrten
seltsame/( Namen* In Italiea p;ab es die
'•Carbonari^t In Frankreich hiess die v;ichtigste «Aide-toi. le ciel
t'aidera." Als Zwei/sie einer internationalen (Joaellr.chaft, die sich
"Das .lun^e Buropa" nannte, gab es "Öas Jun/zie Deutschland", «^as
Junfre Polen", "^gs Junge Unf^ern", und so Wolter. Und, was sohllm-
mer war: In manchen der geheimen Gesellschaften war fruehzeltlg
die Tendenz entstanden, nicht nur den Gredanken}^ zu pflegen. «nwt
gu vorbiwito^ Darauf beschraenkten sich die Vaeter, die wuerdi-
gen Buerc^er und Oeschaeftsleute, die Doctores und Professoreni
die Handwerkmeister und Ladenbesitzer* Aber gleichzeiltg verschafften
sich ihre Soehne, die Studenten, die Comnis, dio Gesellen und
und ^^ft>tt^ Arbeiter, von Gott weiss wo Gewehre Rovolvoj«- und v;arteten auf
den Tag, an dem sie sie wuorden benuetzen koennen*^Noch schlimmer j
es gab bereits ein Beispiel dafuer, dass d(.r Tag fuer sie 14icht
(■"v
L
( ^
28 korraen konntet In Paris, v^o der Geist der Bastille-Stuermer die Jahrzehnte ueberdauert hattep wnr es ihnon i;\ Juli 1830 pielungen^ fuer ein Paar Tape Herr der Strasse zu v;erden« |Kerl X4| letzter
der Bourbonen
^ v/nrTd©vonr:ejaf;t v/orden» Es v
/ar unzweifelhaft eine
Revolution der ''geheimen Gesellschaften'^ gevvesan« Der neue Koenig Louis Philippe aus/der Familie der Orleans hatte den Thron nur besteip^en koennen, v^ell er den Ruf eines Demokraten hatte; weil er sich als •♦Buerpor-Koonl^^" i üelj^^rsetger: -''citiaQn-kinf'W,)^ vor- 8tellte#//Es ist wahr, dass auch er mit seinoB Guizot^ie pji
-UM ' ^ .
%eif Erv/artunpen ie^fr kurzer -?rist| zu enttaeuschen bepann» Aber
das hiess nur, dass seihst in Frankreich Raur blieb fuer dea
••pehel'^en Gesellschaften'^; Hft4 ui:iöOiiehr auf dem ueb riren ^ntinent« Ja, sie radikalisierten sich nocht Ihre Wuen- flphe bliebeh nicht r.ehr auf die Einfuehrunp der Deraokratio be- schraenkt^ Sie liebauegelten mit der JöttacxxKÄR Abs< haffunip; der
Monarchieen, mit der Einfuehrung von Republik:eny%::ierika hatte viel dariit zu tun« jflii^Vit nur vffa( pchon in der Pariser Revolution von 1830Vdie bep-eisterndste und v^iehbi^^'ste Fif^ur der preise l^!ar- cuis de Lafayette p:ev/esen, der lependaere Held der amerikani- schen RevolutJOHt Fuenf Jahre spaeter war das beruehmte Buch des Grafen Alexis de Tocaueville ueber die Demokratie in Aivie>6ika er- schienen. Ili r lasen die Fortschrittlichen in Europa^ zum ersten Mal Genauep ueber ein Land, von d^^m sie bis dahin xl&Klx praktisch nichts frevviisst hatten* Sie lasen mit L-^idenrchafti wie die konpleti Demokratie sich jenseits des OCTeans tarabtxjn bewa ehrte ♦ Es be- stretip:te ihren Glauben und spornte sie an# Die Polizeien aller
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Bi» .To>^ stiep, und dasn die 2iahl ihrer Kitpliecler v/uchs# Vor diesen Revolutions-Zellen ganz besonders nussten die Poliz;l!el- en auf i^er Hut sein, Wng in ihuen vorpjinp, nusste hersuspobrach t werr'^en^ Dns wnr es, v/?^s einel Rovq1vo3| in der Hand eines Studenten zu einer p-ewichtiß:en Affaere nachte»
Aber in Falle dos Studenten Karl ^*arx war dos Interesse der Polizei p^epienn tandslos» Er reh H>rte zu keiner r^ehel^on Gesell- schaft» Die Din^e der Politik zoren ihn nicht an. Gerade unter den Studenten, einf^eschlossen die Juongsten, v/nren die |'a toi aQn<
Verschworenen dessen, \vas die •♦-'^reiheif oder die •*Eiaan- zipation" genannt vnirde, beson^^ers zahlreich» Der Sturlent Ilarx v/ar gleichficueltig Fef^^^ diese Einotionon» Tatsaechlich schien er ziem- lich f^leichRueltiflj f!;e^en alles, v/as hineusßinc uebor das untcr-
/
\
haltende Leben ednes kleinen Hachahrriers der ^jeuness^doree» In der Universitaet sahen nicht nur die juristischen Kollegien ihn selten; euch fuer seine philosophischen und literarischen Liebhabereien entfaltete er wenip Eifer» Selbst den Wonnen oder Q.ualen des Dichtens widnete er wenifr /jeit» Als dps Jahr in Bonn y.xx Ende p:iiip', v/ar nicht zu Inupaen, dass es oin verlorenes Jahr gewesen v/ar. Der Ernpfanr: dos Sohnes zu ITnuse war nicht begeir^tert*
Im Leben eines ,1\xn/7en J/annes ist ein Jahr, zuin Glueck, nicht unersetzlich» Vater Marx machte sich daran, bessere Vorbereitungen fuer d«u| StudiuT des ::ohrs in Berlin zu treffen» Sr sai:i: elte Brie- fe, die ihn pinfuohr(^n wuerdcn bei Faraillen» Er unterrichtete
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sich, mit/iwelcheia Monots-Wechsel andre Vaetor ihre Soehne dort " ausstatteten. Er studierte das Verzeichnis der Vorlesunf^en in Berli und suchte ein Curriculun auszuarbeiten, das in gutem Gleichge- wicht p-eholten sei zwischen dem Fach der Justiz und Karls hooher fliep-enden Interessen. //Er fand einen Sohn, der offenbar eifrig war, r.ich zu rehab^lit^ieren. Der F.ohr i^ing nlt fjanz unf-ev;ohnter Bereitwill ieikelt auf alle Anre^un^en ein. Er ueberbot sich mit den solidesten Votsaetzen. Sr unterlless nichts, was dem Vater Vertrauen f^eben könnt , ei en gereiften Sohn vor aich zu hpben, der nun ernst unr! ras h die Stap-nen seines Studiums durchnessen Wf^rde.lunr! denn teilte er ihia eines Abends nit, dess er sich mit Jenny von V.estphalen verlobt habe. . .
In dieser Macht scl.licfen Heinrich I arx und Fi«u Henriette erst ein, als dnr Hiiraael schon grau zu v/erden bef'ann. Sie waren ^rw4 erhoben und \tüf iniJncKrt* bedrueckt
nur "dRS schoenf^te von Trier". Sie v/ar ein "Enpelsnaedchen", eine "Zaubprin". V/enn ein Wunder sie wlriclich fuor Karl Lestiiiüct hatte.
dann vmerden sie alle sich gluecklich nennen koenraen,
's toi ■7, wuerde es seirTt) A^er nocn Iraner bli(-b der absurde Unterschied von Stand und Herkunft zu Uf>berwiaden. Noch irrimer blieb es absurd, zu hoffen und zu verlangen, dass ein R^aedchen von zv/ei- undzvanzig Jahren viele JohreVnuf einen Jungen von i^Op.ehn warten^
sollte, Jenny wer sorar ihres Vaters nicht sicher. Die Eltern V/estphalen v.'ollte sie wn keinen Preis unterrichtet haben, — und das vor allem raubte dem Preussischen JuKtizrat Heinrich I.'arx die Ruhe. Welche Verantwortung durfte er in Ehren auf sich nehmen?
^ flcj^ e^zA
^i<^W- /f-^i^) • ^f^l^ W- 3a^7^ HUS-U^^^i^ot^
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Durfte er sich in eine "unertraegliche Zweideutigkeit" gecen den al- ten Freund Westphalen verwickeln? Durfte er mit ihm reden und das Glueclc des el/renen Sohnes aufs Spiel sotzenTjir fand Zuflucht in der Vorstellung?, die Verantwortung; einem hoeheren Snruch, einem Gottesur- teil, zuzuschieben./Am naechsten Taß liess er sich die Kin4er kommen. Er sprach zu ihnen von der Veraenderlichkeit des Herzens, und wie not\vendif^/fu€;r sie sei, sich ernst und hnrt und lan^e zu pruefen. Und er sagte ihnen, was er beschlossen hatte. Die ernsteste Prucfung ist eine laiiße i'rennuni?. So wird Ketl vorz«itg, noch in dieser Woche, die ^eiae nach Berlin antreten. Dann wird er lan^e nicht na9h ilause kommen duerfen; vielleicht nie wnehrend der drei Jahre seines Studiums. Drei
a.ire lanp werden sie sich nicht sehen. Wenn nach diesen rtrg.l- Jahren Ihre Gefuehle unveraendert sein werden, so wird Gottes Stirine gespro- chen haben. Dann v/ird mpn sehen. Inzv/ischen soll k iner von ihnen Rebumien sein.
Und so brach fuer den Mohr die Tragik des Abschiednehmes an. Und es kam die Stunde, in der Heinrich Man noch einige Schritte neben dem Sisenbahnzug herlief, und seinem Sohn nachv/inkte. feio vmaoton boido nlBht, daoB oio oioh au?fi lotalon IkqI cahoa//^2wei Tage und zwei Naechte rumpelte und pfiff der Zug durch die flechen Ebenen. Preussen, — eine Grenze, — Seiner Britischen Majestaet deutsches^ Koenigreich Hanno- ver, — wiedor eine Grenze — wieder Preussen, ~ und an einem true- ben Jörgen im Herbst I836 stand Karl Marx in i^erlin. Er begab sich auf die Suche nach einem ZAmner, Mitten in Zentrum, in der Leipzigerstrasse, fiel ihm an einem Haua^ eine Plakette auf, Sie besagte, dass hier im vorigen Jahrhundert der unsterbliche Dichter Gotthold Ephraim Lessing gewohnt habe. Hier mietete er.
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Die 3ta(it he tte n nhts von der Opulenz einer Hauptstfidtt Die Strassen waren nuec> tern, nteif, ohne Grazie» Oie pensten zu den Tf^ns'^hen darin* Auch die l^enschon v/aren nuechtc^rn, steif und ohne Grazie, Aber zum AuSf'^jleich verfuepten sie uober einen besonn ers entwickelten, f?:esunüen, praktischen Verstand • Jn ihrem harten Dialekt entfalteten sie Witz, und jeder schien i ner genau zu wissn, v/<^s er tat und vnruri er es tat. So war das ip^anze Preus- sen. Es war ein Din^, das^ iraner nach einem »»Aber^ verlangte -- jL ^eine Anerkennung ohne ein ^'Aber*», keine Verurteilung^ ohne ein •^Aber**,.
ster
Die Zeiten , in denen das Land die Hoffnunp; «der freien Gei- rewesen war, war sich vorueber. In der Handhabung
df^r oeffontlichen Dinp^e zeigte sich kein reforinistiooher Schvning :iehr# Von Neuerunp^en war nicht mehl! die Kede, eher f^ab es Rueckschritte hier und dort«/|Dns politische Monopol des Koenir^s von Gottes Gna- * den war intakter als irgend einos 4n dflr Woliti ausRononiiOn das des Zaren* In keiner Weise waren die Untertanen beteiligt am Ge- schaeft des Hegierons* Kein politisches Leben v;ar zuf:elas3en« Weder das Sysfcen der vielen Parteian, noch derKeinen Partei exi- stierte J das Null-Parteien-Sjistem existiertet Denokrptie war i4 solcheiri Gj(rad tabu, dass jede oeffentliche ^ v ulia dil dpiiülpyn t i ■ ar.heg ReforKJoi|Kau3gos<"hlossen war* Der Zensor in jeder Stadt, dem alles vor dem Druck vorzuleben war, strich jede Zoile^iyuluUyjl Ifihnl^chlQ^^ch /^ab es in juenfrster Zelt manche Unzufriedenheit da- rueber, dass die Regierung einen froemrielnden Kurs einschlug«
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Obwohl der KüglllH zuf^^leleh dui olmiuity Blsrhnf rloo prrjüHülüuliei» Protootuntitajjmü war, ligtt^ Friedrich der ü-rosse, der haufr^olcloorte'^ FrpigeistjYder Kirche fast Jeden Binfluss auf die oeff entli- chen Dinp:e penomraen. Sein rffinhfelr'oy •'Friedrich Wilhelm III brach Jetzt, i^ nni-w^l Ait.nie^ irr^Tnoy mf^hi^ mit dieser Tradition. Er kehrte . nicht nur fuer sich selber zurueck zuin Herrn, sondern lieas sieh in seinen Edikten und in der Besetzunp: der Aemter allzusehr von obscur ntisrhen Pastoren dirip:ierenv^ Das reizte viele.f Schliess- lich, selbstverstaendlich, war die AiTiiee kein p;ewinnender Zug im Bilde Preussens« Auf ihr stand alles« jimr Staat ^
k.e4ft-Offizmrkurpa; das OfflAiaikuipi
Pruuüseii^ Die Macht,
die der Koenif: ausuebte, floss letzten Endes aus den Offiziers- korps. Hnd dieses Korps, das so f^ut wie versperrt war fuer Buer- i?erliche, versinnbildlich^te zupleich am handgreiflichsten die ' Abv;esenheit aller Demokratie in diesem Staat. Wer diese Offiziere durch die Strasnen wandein sah, steif **als haetten sie einen La- dejrfstock verschluckt**, hochmuetig als p:ehoerten sie zu einer su- perioren Menschheit, den erschien der Geist Preussens in seine^r herausforderndsten i^anifestation.
Aber ziiff, gleicher Zeit konnten auch die "i^alcontenten** nicht bestrei/en, dass diesen Anlaessen zur Kritik betreechtliche Vor- zuef^e refrenueberstanden. Wenn Seiner Majestaet Regierung ^feinen Spass verstand in puncto Demokratie, war sie fast in Jeder anderen
Hinsicht tuechtig, verstaendig, sor^ar tolerant .//Das Publikum sollte
<
n
vor' Staet "nicht molestienfc und f^enieret" werden« Der Geschaefts- mann musste zufehen, daas er von der Verv/altung nicht f^estoert,
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sondern eher lntellip:ent pjefoerdert wurde* Handel und Industrlei die in den Junten Land noch nicht so v/eit gekommen waren wie in Enrland oder Frankreich| entwickelten sich in rascherem Tempo als dort* Wer mit einer Behoerde zu tun hatte, konnte f?;ewiss sein, dass die Beamten unbestechlicher und gewissenhafter waren als irgendwo sonst auf dem Continent* Keine Willkuehr bedrohte irgendwen; auch die Polizei und der Staat, die Krone selbst, waren gebunden an die Regeln des Rechts und unterworfen den Gesetzen und Gerichten» Twenn die Zensoren keine Propaganda fuer die Demokratie .und gegen die Religion zuliessen, so hiess daü nicht! iIiujb nlnlifirld^ Art von
Kritik
Jeder
Unzufriedenheit den Mund
r^
Das Gesetz bestimmte, ••dass die Zensur keine ernsthafte
und bescheidene Untersuchung der Wahrheit hindern, noch den Schrift- stellern ungebuehrlichen ^ang auferlegten soll*»*) In »»bescheide- nem'^ Ton konnten die Zeitungen ihr Herz, und das der Oeffentllch-
keit, von mancherlei Eeschv/erden erleichtern. In dem einzigen
> •
Brief mit politischen Nueancen, den Vater Marx seinem Sohn Je schrieb, sprach er empoert von gewisseh »•heutigen Zwitterliberalon**, die selbst Napoleon ueber Preussen stellten* »»Unter ihm^», grollte er, ••hat v;ahrlich kein einziger das laut zu denken gewagt, was in ganz Deutschland, und besonders in Preussen, Jetzt taeglich ohne Steerung geschrieben wird»». Es gab ferner die charakteristische Bestimmung, die Buecher von mehr als 20 Dogen, gleich 320 Seiten, ueberhaupt von der ^ensur befreite« Buecher solchen Umfangs ge- hoerten zur Domaene der Wissenschaft oder Kunst, zu einer hoeheren Domaehe, und hier wollte auch die %one Preussens, trotz ihrer
) Preussisches Zensur-Edikt von 1819, Artikel 2
X K
Cuo^c^ 4w^. (:m^ ^^ T^^«--^
SA^s:
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eigenen Vorlieben^ nicht korimandleren* Es herrschte ein grosser
Respekt vor der Wissenschaft« jpoch mehr vielleicht war die Wlch^ (tifs^keit des kloinen Schulmeisters anerkannt/Die Univers itneten
hatten ein hohes Nivaeu./D^s System der Volksschulen erfasste
praktisch Jedes Kind/ im kleinsten Dorf •
Ja, auch die Unzufriedenen konnten nicht umhin, vieles an
diesem Staate Preussen zu loben« Und selbst die Allerunzufrieden-
sten stimmten bemerkenswert weitgehend mit einsr Idee ueberein,
n) die Preussens fundamentale Idee war: der Idee von der Praepqae-
ranz des Staates uober 4ie Individuen. Ja, mochten sie in England an die individualistischen Libertinn^en ihrer Locke und Ilume und Adam Smith glauben: hier in Preussen p:alten die Ideen, die nicht zuTx ersten Mal, aber endgueltif^ der kuer-^ilich verstorbene Phi- losoph Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hepel formuliert hatte — - Hegel, das bestaunte Lumen der Universltaet von Berlin ~ He/rel, der
4
selbst im Ausland als ein Gigant des Geistes anerkannt zu v/erden bep:nnn ~ Heftel, den der Student Karl Marx in v/eni^en I^ionaten •^den ,1etzip^en Welt-Philosophen** nennen v/ird ~ Ilepel, den noch hundert Jahre apaeter der Titel des ••deut chen NationaJjphilosophen»' *) zugesprochen werden wirdt//ln Preusnen v/nren die (Jebtkldeten aller Nueancen Herelianer. Und von ^egel war postuliert worden: ^Der Staat ist die Wirklichkeit der sittlichen Ideo»** ""Der Staat ist die Wirklichkeit der konkreten Freiheit^ • ^Der Staat ist das an und fuer sich Vernuenfti/^e**. Er hat ••das hoechste P^echt gegemlie Einzelnen, deren hoechste Pflicht es ist, Mitglieder des Staates
*) Georg Lassen: Sohluss der Vorrede zur 26 beendigen^ iCusgabe Heryol^ gehen Werk»^
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zu s in." Der Fortschritt der Menschheit vollzieht sich durch das Medium des Staates, und nur durch dieses --ediiua ntiant der Einzelne an ihm teil. Deshalb kann nur die Iv'einune des Staotes, "nicht die sub.lektive Meinunr die Rerel des Rechts und der Pflich- ten sein". Der Stent ist "der hoechste Selbstzweck", Das "beson- dere Interesse" ist nur ^gerechtfertigt, wenn es sich ableitet
aus dem "allpemeinen Interesse" des Stapts,*)/Das w^r in Preussen nicht nur die offizielle Philosophie p;eworden. Es war eine Phi- losophie, F,ef^en. die selbst die Liberalen praktisch keinen Wider- aruch erhoben. Die oppositionell Gesinnt n in -tTeuscen wuenschten sich ihren Staat in diversen Punkten anders organisiert. Aber mit dieser anderen Opf^anisation sahen sie ihn noch iniaer mit Herel* sehen Aup'en. Auch dieser anders or.^anislerte Staat wuerde noch imner d^s hoeohste Recht pe^en c\4t Einzelnen repraesentie- ren. Was die Idee von der Praeponderanz des Staates anbelangt, gab es in Preussen keinen wesentlichen Unterschied zv/ischen Seiner Majestaet und den heimlichen Malcontenten*
Der Mohr — • der sich jetzt nicht Vso anpesprochen hoerte, —
/• bewerte sich in der preuss^isch-berlinischen Atmosphaere ohne be-
sondere Realctlon, WanrilTch neigte er -btww zu den durehschnitt-
liehen liberalen Ansichten. Aber selbst das lief auf ein reich-
lichev^ass von ^inverstaendnis mit den vorhandenen Zustaenden
hernus» Und jedenfalls beschaeftigte es den jungen Mann so wenig,
dass auf vielen hun<:erten von Seiten, die seine ^er bald voll
schreiben wird, das ganze Thema niemals auch nur von ferne gestreift
r
*) Hepel: Philosophie den Rechts, Zitate aus den Paragraphen 257, ' 260, 25'% UO und 261.
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worden wird. /Tatsaechl ich kam or mit dem Vorsatz nach Berlin zu arbeiten und es bald zu etv/as zu brinrren. Das war es, was seine Gednaken erfuollte •
Er nachte die Besuche, die sein Vater fuer ihn vorberei- tet hatte. Er wurde in diese und j-ne Ilaeuser, «ute Heeuser, eln- relarlen. Aber sein rinnf^elndos Interesse fuer Menschen zerr.chnitt die anf^esponnenen Foeden rasch v;ir.der. Auch hier blieb er hinter der Glnsv/and, die im schon alr, Knabe von den anderen Knaben getrennt hatte. Er f^estanri sich ein, dass or viele freundliche Genueter "abrestossen" habe.//Au3serdei-, aber hatte er keine Zeit ■ zu vergeuden. Sorar der Universitaet wollte or diesmal Eifer wid- jnen.Einife Kollef^ien besuchte er orr^entlich, eingeschlossen zwei juristische. Der Professor Eduard Gans, bei der. er Kriminalrecht hoerte, bestaeti^ne ihn schriftlich seinen «ausgezeichneten Fleiss"X«^) Gewiss, dieser ProfesriorJ nunh ein JmlL,| war seit ^^er-els Tod das glaenüendste Gestirn der Universitaet, In soinej? Hoersaal draeng-
0
ten sich die Studenten aller Fa^ultaeten und er war mehr Philo- soph als Jurist. lierel selbst hatte ihn als seinen berufenen In- t rpreten anerkannt, und ihia war der Sciatz der ücripturon an- vertraut, die der Geister hinterlassen hatte. Aber was Ijner den Studenten RTarx zu diesem Lehrer lockte: auf alle Faelle war ihm i< tzt klnr, dass or sich mit dem ganzen Studium nur eine Art Not- Ausgang ins Leben bauen wuerde. Seine wnhii» Berufung war endguel- tir die des Dichters .//Zum Dichter v;ar er geboren, zu v/os sonst? //Ala Dichter vmerde er die bezv/ijjgenden Leistunrren vollbringen, von denen er seit der Kindheit traeumte.//Es war ihin ernst.
9 /^-6. ^^— / /-^|., ^^kki^. -^«JuW /^ IjaiU. 2^ S^'rJ
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Die meisten seiner Stunden bei Tap; und bei Nacht waren der Ar- beit des Dichtens vorbehalten. All sein Impetus unä Willen und Glauben waren in diese Arbeit investiert.
Ein Wust von beschriebene^^ Papier be^^ann sich in der Stu- be dos Studenten Karl Marx zu sarineln — Notizen, Entv/uerfe, Ain^ f^eng^i Reinschriften. Er rastete nicht. Es trieb ihn die Sehn- sucht nach der beliebten. Es trieb ihn die Faszination des Schaf- fens. Es trieb ihn die wilde Entsohlosnenheit, in einen einzl- Pen stuennischen Ansprunp eine dominierende Stellum'* in der Welt zu erobern. JEr war fruchtbar/. Betraechtliche Veiißen von Manus- kripten entstanden binnen wenigen I.!onaten. Zv/ei starke Hefte mit Gedichten nnnntgr er "Buch der Liebe^ajp und^^Buch der Liebe II»* und v/idm^te sie "meiner teuren, ewifr peliebten Jenny von West- phnlen". Ein drittes -^^eft nennte er "Buch der Lieder". Ein vier- tes, ohne Titel, widmete er dem Vater. Er bef^ann die,^Oden des Ovid zu uebersetzen.^Und das woren nur die klniniilien TTnterneh-
Dialoß «KlÄgntes"^
f # f^. ».
munden. Er schrieb einen poetischen
Er arbeitete ^n einem huino?^ip tischen Roman^
Er arbeitete Rn einer Tragoedie in klassischen Stil^ foulftnem"^
Auch damit vr^r er schon in den ersten Berliner Monaten so v;eit,
dass er Kapitel und Svenen den Vater schicken konnte*
Der alte L'ann be/rrann u^: diese Zeit zu kraenkeln. Ein Hu- sten, der nicht nachlassen wollte, quaelte ihn und verminderte seine Arbeitskraft. Der Arzt schickte ihn in ein Bad, aber zv;ei
i'^onnte Kur blieben wtrkunf^r.los./Er wurd^ unruhig. Eine Panik ent- wickelte sich in ihm. Acht Kinder, das juenp;ste erst zwoelf Jahre
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alt, hinpen von ihin ab* Keines von ihnen konnte sich bisher durch eirene Arbeit ernaehren. Wenn der Mohr von seiner Zukunft eis Dichter so unbeirrbar ueberzeu^t v^ar, warum fortfahren, ihn zu bremsen? Mit neunzehn Jahren war schon mancher Dichter boruehmt p:ev/esen, aber erst^ach dem letzten Examen konnte ein Jurist auf eigenen Fuessen stehen* War es trotzden noch richtig, Karl/ immer zu mahnen, seine ^roesste Energie aufs Studium zu verwenden? Sollte ihm nicht urap;ekehrt freigestellt werden, sich fuor einifre ^eit mit ßrnnzer Energie auf einen versprochencien litornrischon Plan zu «)nffentrieren, auch vjenn dns Studiu'^i sich dadurch 31^ vielleicht ein JFaliT verla-^npiern sollte?
Kr machte dem Sohn dos Angebot» Kr sprach ihra von seinen Sorgen, und dass es nicht mehr so umdchtig sei fuer Karl, ^sich rasch einen Namen zu machen*», »»sehr bald einen gluecklichen Schritt in die Welt zu tun" •//Und er hatte auch eine Idee fuer einen versprechenden litererinchen Plan« Natuerlich, »»ich kann nur vorschiar'en, raten» Du/ bist mir entwachsen, bist ueberhaupt in diesem Punkt mir ueborleren»*» Aber v/nere nicht »'eine Epoche der preuss lachen Geschichte»» ein wuerdipcr/ Stoff? Selbstverstaend- lieh muss die Epoche '»fu^^r Preussen ehrenvoll sein und die Koeg- lichkeit muss bestehen, dem Genius der Monarchie, allenfalls durch den Geist dnr sehr edlon Koenigin Louise, eine Rolle zu- zutoilen**» Die Schlacht bei Waterloo v/aere ein besonders "-uter Hintergrund. »»Dies koennte allenfalls eine Ode im grossen Genre v/erden, — oder sonst etwas, was Diibesser verstehet als ich* Pa- triotif^ch, gefuehlvoll und mit deutschem Sinn bearbeitet, wuerde
A7-- P M fj^cu^. /i
T
uo
z
x)
eine solche Ode allein hinreichen, einen Ruf zu heruon(!en,»» ^rOt
Aber der ürlof kan zu spnet. Dor \Junco Mann, der ihn om- pfing, \.' r ous den Hoehen seiner hektlaohon Zuversicht in eine '9*«ä^-M. Krlsls niedor^reotuorzti. Die Erkonntfnlö v/or ploetzlich ruf ihn herelnpob rochen, dnoa Alndins Wundeplompo, die ito die »-elt er- obern sollte, mr nicht in oolnem Besitze v/nr. Kr \v.".r rnr kein Dichtor, ^ vmr nichts nlo ein bfinaler Dilettant, v/le es Tausondo und Zehntauaende mb.//Die Illusion maß von ihn zu v/eichon beg/onnen haben, als olnipie : anuskripte, die er bei /.eltaohriften einreichto, nicht nur von allen zurueckgesandt wurden, oondorn von allen ohne ein emuntorndes^ ».ort. Er hatte dns anfangs dcmgroinonhaften Neid der Redakteure zugesnhrle^on und so erbost auf die stuinne Kritik ra<igiert wie seinerzeit auf die formulierte des iTofossors Wyttenbnch, Gpaetor laag es ihr; auf die Spur dor "ahrheit geholfen haben. Aber selbst nir, diesor Hilfe v/nr es koino geringe Leistung fuer oinon Junr^n fenschen, sich aus oo fasölnlerenc'en Tnouschun- ren uoT er nich oolbst ^o flohQnunp«logt zur duorron 'Wahrheit durch-
zuringen
•/Denn
die "ahrhoit^ dlo ihn onstarrtei v/nr, dnoo nichts
von Cenip Mfis er ppschr leben hette^ nuch nur talentiert vnrp ßo^
schv/clre ^enlal« ••Alles tVirkllche verschwoniien**^ v/pr Jetzt sein
verzweifeltes eip:enes,ürtiei-l TTrteil, ••die Oefuohle brolt und fornJ.08 ceochlaßon**)^^
••nichts rTeturhaftes**p ••alles aus dorn rond konntruiert"^ ••rhe- torinche Reflektionon statt poetisc hör Oedonkon'^t iJi dor Tat, de^
eolb4it von
1,
IQ Dei/un -eiern ICerl Moinc^ wjfcy4-
. PMkW. '*'Wx<^/, -(i^UU.^ S.^/y
(
> s
^- ^ 1^
c
41
4r\uiri i\mo
-QQg| Qci' di
iiluiil vyi'ü Lfa'iü ^^ nuuii in HBüii aeJltliben.
Uftd Fi'Hfj^ualun olncji i' unken b'iitd
nicht nur an
r s 0 g \
echter Inspiration, ßonci™ oft sopar an olementarejri Geschmack >i^ q^
'■■'^■■i fn'i' n Ml II II,) ^ffnr rlin Llol
n^tdUQjftifli WA
11 em urüLuji luifuu Luüui dln Hoffnun^rrplo .
fligkfiit Ynrhnrgnn Miot)^ Der Nachwelt f;ing nichts vorloEDn ^n dem Dichter Karl Marx*
Ihm aber f^inr eine "«elt verloren. «»Alle meine Schoepfungen zerfielen in Wichts»*. Alle Hoffnungen, die er ßche^t, alle Trium- phe, deren er nich s^hon sicher Reglaubt, aller Sinn, den er sei- nem Leben gesetzt hatte, la^en in Scherben* ^Aoh»», v/ojbtklagte sein Brief an den Vater, *'ach, der Schlag v/ar zerschmetternd l" ^^
Inmitten ner Truemmer stand der gescheiterte Dichter* Er fluechtete sich fuer oino "^«eile noch in die Hoffnung v/enigstens am bescheidenen Hand der Dichtkunst ein kleines ^^eich füer sich bauen zu koennen* Die Idee- war eine ^Zeitschrift fuer Theater- kritik*» zu pruenden. Er ging so v/eit, dein Vater zu versichorn, dass ihm, dem/Studenten im zweiten Senester, »»bereits alle aesthe- tischen Beruehmtheiten ihre i>«litwirkung zugesagt haetten. Aber auch diese Idee verdampfte^ In dem gescheiterten Dichter zer- brach Jeder Wille und versank jedes Ziel*
i
»<-
h ~ E
^\
(Xl<^ - ^
^^
/C 4^. ^Gu^ //^^/. ^ S.^/<P
n.
^ -??
o
4 «
42
r
( >
Chapter 3 •' 'Cioi^ cJckuU4fcoe Fi
. ^__Ä
Zv/anzlg Konnte nnch Knrl's Ankunft in Derlin stnrb ner Ju- atizrnt Heinrich Mnrx. Seine Krnnkheit vwr dor Leber zugeschrie- ben vrorderit In den letzten I'onnten wnr er mit Schmei^zen Rsschla- Ren gev^esen, und zu don Schmerzen v/p2> 2:ur:i ersten Mal Unglueck und Sor^^en fnnriinr firfii ^^y-^^'^^^n i Sorren hesondei^ uebor de1% eeltoßten Sohn.'^ald npch deir zerflchnetterndcn Schlag hatte der I/ohr sich wieder in oin Diokight verirrt, beunruhigender als das von Bonn.
Die ruec^sichtslosen Ausgaben hatten v/ioder bep;onnent fU'i^bor-* aj»»gH^: Billy d(?n Plua^maifinui'fucL in dlusui. A^Lschnltt und den awol- ^ol^cndoii AbsiliiilLluii fetjLUtill'jJil/ "Du erhneltst hierbei einen Kreditbrief, hatte der Vater ihm in den ersten Berliner Wochen \^ rescbrieben, "der hoeher gestellt int, nls Du selbst es gefordert
hast. Aber ich hebe Jetzt dps Zutrauen zu Dir, dass Du nicht mehr brau' hst als noetif ist." Einl'^e Monate wer das gut ?;ep;anc;on« Aber denn hatte sich alles v;iedor "tenendert. Nach zwoelf I'onaten
wn
r der vaeterliche Zorn aufgebraust: "Als ob wir Goldoeonnchen
waeren, verfupft der Herr Sohn in einem Jahr faat uober 700 Thaler, ereren alle Abmde, ''e^-en alle Gebraeuche, v;nohrend S'^lbst dio Reichs^«" uoino «; -so niiQf+Phfin'-wVnifi KranKnoi-t/^j^eld. und "das Ein-
in keine 5 :iO aus'*eben."n5Te~KTanIc7i^g!ge
können sohmaelert sich in don Grade in den die Ausmalen s.'hworer
//
werden. Und Geld froso die Krankheit dos kleinen Eduf^rd, der von der Tub-^rkulose befallen worden wer und nech v-rf^eb liehen Kuren starb. Der unbo^^abto Uornann hatte nur nit Muehe bei einem Kauf- mann in ßruensel unterf^ebrncht werden koennen, der allein fucr
^^ A/- e. f£4^x.^^-/f
\ \
•t,-t-^
ö
— -» ir»-^
/
...y
^3 •
<51e Aufnrhme des Junren eis Lohrllnr 1000 France "Lehrgeld" gofor- dert hntte. Puenf unvcrsorrte Toechter vmer.: on, naCh/. den Sitten dor "olt, «dhno VorRoldunrr- vielleicht nicht einnal holroten koonnon— und Mio gnoro stehen mir r.u Berpe, wenn Ich dnran denke, und daran, drß3 Ich die i:unat des ^^erßoldena so wonl-f/ vorstehe, "ßr hntte sich nonr.telnnr klnrUlch d«rnuf ^frcut, dem Sohn einen Besuch In ^orlin zu tnaohen. — und drnn hettoj« er es nufßoroben, "denn ne.ch don ßroasen Auorohen, die Ich dlr^ncs Jahr hatte, xvuorde es nelne i^sse zu sehr'
In AnsT^ruch nehrr,on."|Abor Karl v;ar taub gecen das alles f^oblioben. <
Er machte iichulden rechts und links, und v;ena die Glaeufcleer zu Gericht ^Inren, nussten nie bezahlt v.-erdon. Nur noch muede hatte der crloeschen- de liann In d'>m letzten Brief vor soln«m Tode eeklaßt, d sn der Junge %^
sich Jetzt selbst uobcrbotcn unl In koun nehr als drei L'onr^ten 2B0 Thaler cus-efreben habe. «So viel habe ich diesen Ganzen V/lntnr noch nicht verdient«»» ^^>-) .
Nicht nur Karls Ef^olsnus, dor »»Fleck odf solnea Charakter^'Velt lenfTon, hatte den Sterbenden pograomt, Spuren von Unaufrlchtlp-koit ?/aren an Ihm sichtbar ccv/ordon.|Dio -ehnsucht des Junren L^annes nach/Jonny war mit den tonnten r«otlec^n und nichts war nntuerllchor Rov/esen, als doss er nach einen ''ahr unf^estuem vorsucht hatte, ontcecen der Vorein- bnrunr; eine Heise nnoh Üause erlaubt «u bekomf^n. Aber die Kniffe, die er v«rv:andtc, hatten den Votor v/onlcor erholtort als vc^rdrocson. Es war nicht rewlnnend r.ovwsen, die pompoese Vorsicherun- zu losen: "Oleu- be mir, rein tourer Vßtor, keine olcennuetzlfre A> nicht dmen^t mich", ^''^^x) £s v/pr nicht rov/lnnend f!<«vesen, zu lesen, dr.as nur die Liebe des be- sorpton öohnes, nichts
-4
A- VV X-)
> V > vv^
7
l^uk fii^. llou^ I HtdU. 2
>7 /C^
^
^
S S
s.
■ 7/
-2^ /
I I
V
r
t
sonst, das unwiderstehliche Verlongon in ihn erzeuf^t höbe, "in die liebe Neohe der Eltern zu nilen." Ein Sohn, der seiner Mutter
seit Je mit bekannt kuohlen Gefuehlen f^ep.enuob erstand, erschien
sich auf In einer peinlic en i^ose, wenn er^^seine verzehrende Sehnsucht nach
»dem lieben Muetterchen", "der Enf^el^utter", "der f^^oosen, herrlichen Frau-'*'berief,7und dag war nicht alles gewesen. Don ochilderunßen seiner Oefuehle hatte Karl einen ^eneral-Bericht ueber seine Ar- beiten und Studien in diesem ersAn |erllner Jahr hi^iz ugefuegt. Es war ein Bericht ßeweaen, in dem »^Uv^iüdbleiiegen^o ^assen von Arbeiten und Studien anp:efuehrt warefa —
m-i W^U'A l\^i' UfawoJUlUyll Ubü UlelU^n, von gt
aber die i'^asse war unzv;eifelhaft
; t^^^^?ev;esen, als irr^end ein I.ens :h waehrend eines Jahres
zu leisten verm.agTNebon der erschoe^f^nden Arbeit an seinen Dich- tun,^en waehrend lanp:er Monate hatte e3- nicht nur die Pensa der Universitnet getreulich erfuellt haben wollen. Ausnerdeci hatte er, in seiner Aufzaehlunp:, eine kleine Bibliothek von schwierig- sten wissenschaftlichen werken gruondlich celesen, und "aus allen Jueohern, die ich los, Excerpte gemacht". Er hatte «von Anfang bis zu Ende« den ganzen i^epel studiert, und dazu noch"die meisten seiner öchueler". Er hatte aus dem Lateinischen die zwei ersten Pandekten-iuecher und die Germania dos Tacitus uebersetzt, und aus dem virlechlschen die ^ethorik des Aristoteles. Er hatte aus Grarr^atiken des Engli che und Italienische zu lernen begonnen. Und vor allem hatte Br zwei eigene wissenschaftliche Werke im- posantnn Thenaa und Unfangs fecschriebeni "eine Rechtsphilosophie
M-E
cu^ n<M
TU^y, ^l^^i-
c
(
(
46" von fast 300 Bogen", und "ein neues Grund-System der ^etaphyaik" —
um dann mit beiden, leider, unzufrieden zu sein und beide im
Ofen versohv/lnden zu leisen. Dns alles vmehrend eines einzigen
2ury^ Oßje^ eUac "PhUJ * . Jj:> . ..,,^.
Jahresl pio p^^*^]-^ m däriin ^i-j-''* ■- ^\ Remachtvwerden aollliei
hatte den Vator shwpr veFstimmt. Die i-rlnnerune an die Episode Yfor eine beunruhipunfrKg'eblieben.fuoi' dnn ■torbftnflRn Tt'Iflnn^
Und noch otwns hatte ihn beunruhipt. Bald nach der. zer- schmetternden Schlag war in Karl die Neifung sichtbar geworden, sich zu dramatisieren; sich zu bemitleiden; sich In der Rolle eifcnes 'Undefinierten Tragoedian zu sehen. ^Spuren^ krankhafter Empfind- lichicelt und phantastisch schwarzer Gedanken"^ hatte der Vater wahrzunehrr^en begonnen. "Die erste Widerwaortigkeit, der erste misslun.c-ene Wunsch bribgt» Gerissenheit» hervor." War das ein Ju- gend-Leiden, oder entwickelte sich da ein Stil fuers Leben? Weni- ges ginp dem einfachen Mann eo wider die %tur wie der Typus Mensch, der sich staendig aufbauscht. Er war in seinen VTarnmigen bis
.. pyjc&c 2c^t,ii& ^yiAeU: t4 >u^ ^^^ 'T'- TJ ^
zur ^robhelt gegongen.
»nrrenl /'Bei den kleinsten
Sturm sich dem Schmerz ueberlassen, bei jed m Leiden ein zerris- senes Herz offen zu leren — soll dp.s Poesie heissen? Es ist Schwachheit, Verzaertelung, Eigenliebe und Duenkell" Vielleicht mocht'^ der Schatten eines Tapes weichen. Es war deshalb kein we- ni'J'er irritierender Schatten. powooen^
Hein, der Justlzrst Heinrich i^ari hatte in seinen letzten Konnten nicht viel Ermutigung von seinem abgoettisch geliebten Sohn gehabt. Auf d^^Uiiiii Wujohina des Zv;ahzigja9hrigen konnte er sich verlas en. D$t arbeitete zur Zufriedenheit. Der kranke
CK^fe
Uu.^ 1 H'^U4^
^^
<' 0 C
c
c
(_»'
Mfinn hatte sich in seinen letzten Monaten damit beschaeftlgt, eine J^roschuere zu schreibe^: ••Verteldl^ng des Koenif?;s von Preussen in Sachen dos Koolner Kirchenstreits ••# Es war Ihni selbstverstaend- lieh f!:GW8sen, die Schrift zur krl'tis<;hen Durchsicht yojtpauoim-' Ttrtl dem Sohn zu 4Hdi uebersenden^ Aber was Karls nenr>c}ü.iche Sub- . Stanz anbetraf^ die"Reinhelt dos Herzens*^ \ruii ^üBr bu uri zifflBLliwtv
hatte der Tod den alten Mann In wach-
senden fcwetfoln -4104 Kuenr)ernlsnen betroffen./und nun v/ar er dahin-
p^ep^ancen. Im
183^ wurde er zu Grabe ge treffen, y^d viele
wuerdlp:e Trierer Buerpjer schritten hinter den Sar^, Eine ^else von i^erlln dauerte zu lanf^e^als dass auch sein Sohn haette kam- men Icoennen« Dn^so og in doy ^orno Tai^e eihiliahg;
Ulli uuuiiü.iiwüiyyii, süyr
Noch drei Jahre nach des Vaters Tod blieb Karl yarx in Ber- lln. Er wurde erhalten aus dem kleinen Kapital, das der Mutter zurueckpreblleben war« Ks waren drei Jahre eines bruetenden llhaos» I ^er gescheiterte Dichter vef^etierte mit gelaehiate», fast abgestor- bene» Willen* Er tat nichts, er sehrieb nichts, er verfolgte kei- nerlei konkretes Ziel« Seinem Leben nangelte jede ^>ränun^, jeder Plan, jecie Or^anlsatlon*|Wenn einer Ihn fragte, worauf er hinaus v/olle, antvrortete er vague, dass er an die akadenls'he Laufbahn denke, eine Unlversitaets-Professur» Aber selbst die miden!sten Vorbedinpunp^en, die dafuer zu erfuellon gewesen waeren, Hess er unerfuellt. Er hiess noch ♦♦Student»», aber v/nr es nicht mehr« i fflirzln^Bbi Wh| ixi diesen drei Jahren betrat or die Universi- /?
lüllHL'hyii uomi zu lr[iujidi>y
'^Kt^ H^ O/Hl^ h
taet.
r
(
r ,
1
^^ '^^^tU.
hotta er .vrihQH In aciüem
ji^ehrend der Ift^aten Lsbgelt^en dga Vwlöigiy vallkO' flio- Bu botpotoivlfwenn er noch «Student« genannt v.-orden sollte, wer er eln^verbuFjnelter Student«, wie es landlaeufif^ hiess. Aber eher pehoerte er zu der Schicht ^tesiconriobllolionon Intollolctu der intellelctuellen Boheme; der I^affeehaus-Intellektuellen. En Äaffeehflufl spielte sich sein halbes -^eben ab. Dort befand sich der eine archlnedische Punkt, der ihm noch verblieben war: dort sass er zusamnen mit den Herren, die ihr staendipjes Rendez-vous scherzhaft den «Doktorklub« nannten.
Eine anheimelnde, praktische Institution waren die Äaffe- haeuser auf dem Continent, Der Gast konnte bestellen, so ^/enlg er wollte, und konnte bleiben so lanp;e er wollte* Er konnte fast in ihnen wohnen •//Man trnt in das i^af feehaus, in den man zuhause war, und setzte sich^ an/freien Tis^h, Der Kellrer berruesste
einen und brachte eine Anzahl der vielen Ze i tunr^en,, d i e in Halter einpespannt an ^on Woondna hinpen. Mwifvortiofte niohj seil
ei er '^'nsse ji|[affee/^in die Blaetter und wartete. Wer nonst noch von dem '^Sta^ mtisch«^, zu dem man /^^ehoerte, v/uerde heute erschei-
nen?//Nach und aach karien mehrere; heute diese, morr-en jene. Der Tisch fnnll»ff nlf?hJ i>er ^a^uch der Pfeifen uni Ziparren vmrde
dicker. Man orzaehlto sich und diskutierte. Wer hiinif?:rir; wurde bestellte sich zu essen; v/er Durst hatte trank Bier; v/er Lust danach hatte, setzte sipch an einen ^^ebontisch und spielte eine
Partie Schnnh« Das Rinp so vom Nachmittag bis in die Nrcht. Es
etwas laermoWund immer war^warm ind^^emuotlich. selten wurde der Tisch leer, ehe die
J
/
c
48
«
Stuehle im Lokal aufeinandergestellt maaa und die Gaslaiapen all-
konnte nian.von^^er Clique, y
maehlich abgedreht wurden. zu der man gehoerte, \fA\ S1nrinrhQ3t vfeuilMjLuim ui»4aJLgg| treffen. Von aeit zu ^eit gabjii es einen Aerger ueber den i^ellner, oder den Wirt, oder eine andere Clique, Dann verlegte der 3tarintisoh seinen i^ltz in ein anderes Caffeehaus, und dort pinr alles so
weiter wie bisher.
Ion der Clique, die sich scherzheft den »»Doktorklub ♦' nannte, kamen die wichtigeren L^itgliedor verhneltnlBmaeBslg am seltenen- sten. Sie hatten nicht nehr gar so viel ueberfluessige Zeit. Sie glnren schon den Dreis.sig entgegen; v/aren \t^\X3 Jahreji fertige
Doctores.
)
UJL
Sassen bereits in festen Stellungen. Dies und Jenes von ihnen v/ar schon gedruclct. sie erfreuten sich schon der Anf aenge eines Rufs als rijoloTiPto- Autoren und steckten
oh
( <
in ernsten neuen Arbeiten« Zu ihnen gehoerte vor allera elir
W ä(^ yctel 'LCctcUcU " *»^V c^W Ah4 g^^ i-^o^e^&(i> tax Jruno Bauer, der oin nrjlvot DAgontVan der Univers itaet^
und ein Doktor Karl -"riedrich Koeppen,/irihrer dn einer hoeheren Schul>v<Ändere hatten mehr ^eit zur Verfuecunf^, — gewiss der vulkanische Doktor Rutenberg, der sein Lehr-Amt im i'reussischen )[adetten-CorpB verloren hatte, als er eines Morgens voelliß be- trunken von v^er Strasse oufp;olesen worden v;ar, und den Karl Marx vorueberp:ehend als seinen intimsten Freund bezeichnete. Gelegent- lich erschien auch der vermoegende Doktor Arnold Rupe, der in einer benachbarten kleinen Univers itnets -Stadt eine philosophische Zeitschrift heraus.rab, die er zum Orp:an der "Jung-i^gelianor* machen wollte^nd hier war das Band, das den "Doktorklub« zusarmaen<
V
ff
;
U9
hielt. Die ^^rren wnren alle nicht nur Philosophen, und nicht nur, selbstverstaenaiich, i^etreuo des Meister-Philosophen He^l: sie strebten eile danach, die uebliche Interpretation den Meisters irf^endwie zu verjuen/^en.'^ine'»june-heftelinnische" Schule schwebte ihnen vor, wenn es nuch^nichtpanz klar ver, was die juno^eeelia- nische Schule von der alten unterscheiden vnierde.lAls "Jun^i-Hecelia- ner" ^^ruenschten sie sich haeufir zu sehen; ihre Entdeckunf-en mit- einander zu vorcleichen und zu diskutieren; sich Rof^enseitiß zu inforDioren uebor die neuesten Vorf-aenge auf den philosophischen Merkt; sich gerjenseitifc zu ermutigen durch Anerlrnnun^^ fuer einen- der und durUh die Öerieins-' haft in ihren Abneig:unren.]und es war nichts daueren einzuwend- n, dass dann und v.-ann auch ein jucngerer Mann an den Tisch laitpebracht wurde, sei es^elbst ein Student. ^^^ n meisten Studenten, die einnr.l am Tische vorf^estellt vorden waren, -^
leider ohnehin rasch wieder we^^^iiU « ilnw ( Der jun^e L^arx derec-^n kam bald rogelmaessiger plü li'LUUdiLi nnnpti) und sass end- losere Stunden herum als irgendwer. Anfangs hoerte er nur zu. Aber mit der ieit begann er, dann und wann eine i^ererkung einzuwerfen, einen eigenen P^nkt vorzubringen, - und was der junge Mann sagto,
r
war gar nicht sö dumm. Offenbcr oin^ recht gescheiter junger Mann, ^icht unbewandpt in Buechern. Ausgestattet mit einem echt philo- sophischen Koilf. St.rk/ in der Logik. Auffallend geschickt in der Kunst der üchlussfolgerungen durch Analogie, durch Antithesis,
7 durch Elimination,
Es ist/ etwes ymnderbares um die Philosophie. Von allen Wis- senschaf ten ^ist sie die eklatant fruchtloseste. Seit Jahrtausenden
I
'\
y
V
50
Ist sie die Tenelope, die bei IJacht wieder auftrennt, was sie am Tape penaehtJ|T)ie hoediste ihrer Begierden ist d rauf ?rerichtet, fuer die Vielfalt der unerklaerlichen Dinge eine alles deckende Total-Kr- klaerung zu f inden« Gross ist ein Philosoph, der ein •»System»» er- findet, das auf alle oder sehr viele der »»letzten Fraren" eine geschlos- sene, allumfassende Tota 1-Antwort ribt ~ nuf Frapen ueber den Ursprung der Dinge; ueber die uellen der Geschicke und G^enchichte der Wen- sehen; ueber den Motor, der dos ganze Wirwerk treibt; ueber die Art, in der die Taschine arbeitet* Ein solches »»System*^ nach dem anderen ist von den grossen Philosophen erfunden worden — -wiö eines mch dem anderen wurde fuer einige i^eit bestaunt — und eines nach dorn anderen ist unentrinnbar wieder dahingev/elkt« Keines war Je beweisbar und bewiesen. Unvermeidlich konnteh alle, so j^sc^iniLruiia uAq daAuaioytQn reich an fsAnon Uetollisie waren, gerade ueber das, worauf
(
es allen nn&am, Ininer nur Hypothesen produzieren, und oft nur Phan- tasien und Chiraaeren* lAber obwohl gerade die hoechste philosophische •^emuehunr- niemals definitive Resultate brachte, hat der Drang zur hocchsten philosophischen ^cmuehung sich davon nie entnutiren lassen* Mit unwiderstehlicher Gewalt v;erden die, die dann grosse Philoso- phen genannt ward n, zur Erfindung Immer weiterer »»Systeme»» getrie- b^n# Und mit unwiderstehlicher Gewalt v/orden die kloinen Philoso- T)hen immer v;eiter zum Stochern in den Systemen getYi€'"'=^n.^
Die Herren im -»TJoktorklufr»»" waren kleine Philosophen* Keiner war darunt' r, der nicht die heimliche Hoffnung gehabt haette, eines Tages selber ein System zu erfinden und selber ein grosser Philosoph zu werden* Aber vorerst« v/eren sie kleine Philosophen* Sie
/
c
I
l,
51
versuchten nicht, ein neues Penelope-Gewand ihres eigenen Stoffs
und Schnitts zu schneidema* Sie gruebelten, ob am He^el^ sehen Penelope-Gev^d hier und dort einse Naht verbessert werdeb koennjiJe«
Es gab viel ueber das i^gel^sche System zu ^rueb ein •/schon seine Sprache pab Raetsel auf» Seljiiten zuvor hatj/ein Philosoph in einem so nebulosen Stil geschrieben — selbst in t)eutschland nicht, und das wollte^ etwas heissenl Selten hatte sich einer in 80 zahllosen mollusken Worten ohne schärfe ^edeutunpj errrangen» fast nach jedem seiner *^aetze konnte gefraiRt werden: was meint er eigentlich? Aber nicht nur die Worte und ^aep^e waren dunkel, sondern dunkel war auch vieles an seiaen Vorstellunf^en*
Das Gerippe seines Systems liess/ sich leicht erkennen« In
dBei -^setzen war es skizziert* Die ^onschheit wird unwiderstehlich
gelenkt von einem allmaechtigen, allvernuenftip;en ••Es»'« Das "Es»*
schiebt die Menschheit uneblaessig aufwrerts. Und die Route die-
i. ^
ses Aufstiep:s ist ein ewiß:es, unabaenderliches, varbestiriiates
Zickzack, öos, ohne M/eifel, war in nuce das Hegel^sche System:
die allmaechtige motorische Kraft ~ der staendige Aufstieg —
und der listig /gewundene Weg des Aufstiegs. Aber v;enn das in der
herrschenden Meinunfr eine glorreiche Total-Erklaerime v/ar, so
blieb noch im: er einiges unklar»
_
Am wenigsten Raetsel gab der ewige Axif stieg auf •y/Waruin^ nicht? Wenn ein allniaechtiger Uotor die Maschine allv- rnuonftig iSdtreibt, dann muss das Resultat dementsprechend sein. Es ist pure Logik, dpss dann nlles, was wir tun und s -haffen, eine Mani- festation dieser fernunft sein mus8,"Was wirklich ist, das ist
" ff '^ n
im
V '
V_'
52
vornuonftip;'*; "Dna, wra Ist, Int die Vernunft".*) Und ebonao lo-
fisch Ist en Aenn, d- aa alle Vernen'erunR nlch in der Hichtung
der »' ervoll kor:^,unr vollzlolit; d^noVln oim r stacndlcon iJovitgung
"von NiedriRoron ziira Ilooheron" begriffen ist. Auch glaubte clor
Optlrdsrnus inr Uolt diecen ov/le;on Aufatief^ von don Tatfjacöon üolbst
bentnetirt %u finden, Dia XjcAxxiarHfl^Ju^agMH ErfindunGon jncten
3 ich. i)"8 frroi^se Jahrhundort der Naturwissenachof ten und dO£5 Li-
boralionug mit ihren schrunkonlooon llooclichkeiton war nacebrochenj
tvor konnto 2v;oifoln an unablaoüslcon Harach "von lliüdrif.'.crcn zun
Ilonhoron»»! Dio Yrj\''<ü^ ob die -onnchliRlt in ihren wichtirsten Din-
Cen .J-nals wirklich aufjrontiGCon int, ob sieKnicht eher 1-r.or in
i^reine bsv/ort hr;t, v/nr koine Proro fi«r das Jnhr 183f^.
"Mehr Kopfzerbrochen rächt« dio motorischo Traft, dio den
ewigen barsch noch oben vcrsurfmoht« T?fls v/nr, pr^oiiiso ^lof iniort,
» .- « »
He-el's rllnreehtireo, allvornucnftires •♦Es»'? \y.\ offon zu sein:
«'os Din-- WRr no rut wie ^nr nicht definiert,//: anchri<^il,\vollto oo
" : ^ cJL
fast >'?ohoinen, als ob er oinfcch don all:.aechtiF;on, l/ornuenftißen
Gott der "elirioaenc^ßer.oint hrbe. Er hatte pesv hrieVen: "God rulcs
the vrorld, The cont^nts of hia govornr,' nt, thc oxecution of hia
plnn^ is vrorld hlctory.''**'^i:anchr.Ql v/iodor Ir ttc er als den all-
reechticen :'otor ehor ein Dlnn prcwentiort, das in don Koopfen
der t.en'^':*hen solfcor nteclct^ — ein Dinci der. er \;ocrLQl:u:e Jlanen
frere^on hptte: '•rtf^s AbGOluto**, oder **dic Idec^^ oder ''die absolute •
Idea^, oder "der Gelst^, oder ^t^r welt-Gcisf^t Aber ßuch dea
- »
ü«hc lim is volle Dln-^ in den Koepfen rcßi rt von c.oit aus die Welt *) Üepcl: Ihilosophle des Hechts, Vorrede,
^**) llerel: l'hilosoph|ff«&oaclu
HiUOL^ ,114^
53
r
>. i
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mit derselVon Ailnacht und
Allvernunf t wie Gott# j^iü offenbar gelangt es in die Koepf e^ ohne dase der llensch oelbst
(
etwes dazu taete, und ohne d ss er etwas darepen tun koonnf.lIvfeiB
also, war die l^raf:e im -^Doktorklub^, ist der Unterschied zwischen
den zv/ei gleich allnaechtipen Dincen nonens Gott und nai:ens '•Welt-
Geist/**? Kann Gott nicht austcomrien ohne den velt-Geist, kann der
Wolt-Geist nicht a iskon en ohne Gott? Und wichtiger noch: hatte
fleg'el sein allrieiochtiges •*Es*' nicht exceaoiv alliaaochtig gerecht?
Blieb^ihm ueberhaupt nochKspielraura fuer den tjenschlichon Willen?
Selbst die Heligionen wcron in dieser ^eziehunf injiier vorsichti-
nn ger gQ\^eQen% Den Relißionün zufolge kögi^ Gott natuurlich die iien^chen
zu allola zwingen — wenn er v;ill« Aber fuer gewo^ hnlich v/ill er
keineswef^s» Im allgemeinen 3 haut er dem Treiben der --enschen nur
zu^ Uiiu laesst sie nach ihrer elgonon, freien Wahl tuu und lassen^
was sie v/ollen ~ v/ro ihn selbor, nebenbei^ von giBusanen Verant-
wortunr^e^bofreit« Dps iiepiel'sche '»Es** da^epen. -- xms iiuiier es sei •-
•chien die --ensohheit nie una niiiLior aus seinem Griff zu lassen«
Dieser allmaechtifter r'otor schien aus dor Ivcnschheit eine Puppe
ohne Willen zu machen^ die voelliR absolutistisch einet i piT e^do*
(3$etorr inierten Sohicicsal entrep-enf:efuehrt wird — einem Jchicksal^
an dcD sie nichts aendorn kann« tollte das nansc bliche Geschlecht
tatsaechlich als die willenlose Puppe eines verbor^-ogon "iis" be-
t(«fchtet v/erden muessen?
Am dunt:olr.ten vielleicht war das lictic cev/oridene ^ickaack
des Aufstiegs — Jenes Juwel dor Hegel* sehen Philosophie naraens
••Dialektik''C|l)ie uintessena devon v/ar^ dass die --enschheit sich
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nicht nur iiriner oufwaerts bewegt, sondern Ivjner auf einem beptirira- ^, tenPfed. Wie die Behn jedes Gestirns einem ehernen ^lav/ K)f feiotion*» fol^t, so euch die Bahn des raenschlichen Geschlechts • Und das bizarre ^Wwuf/iiiiyt.4oii^ der Menschheit gebietot, dass jecem Zu* stand nach einiger Zeit unentrinnbar ein r^e/^enteilirer Zustand folgen muss^ Ble^'Negatlon^*^ \r — und A^.nrs. folrt m-ich oiiior v/oitorga
fuer
Z^4t wiHCyP ülu üHuey ^ü['eiiLellp
'Tliin solches Zickzack-Schena v/er bis zu IIef;el nur die fintv/icklung
des Denkens behauptet worden* Das nencichliche iJenken , so v/ar
schon von griechischen Philosophen gelehrt v/orden, entwickelt
sich durch eine ewi?:e Aufeinanderfolge von Thesis, Anti-OfTiesis
h Ä und Synthesis* In ■<lefi nef(^jpne» bildet sich zur bcispiel die Thesis,
f/
dass Verbrecher bestraft werden
muessen« FruehBr oder spae-
ter erzeuprt das unvermeidlich die Antithesis, dass Verbrecher nicht f:estraft> sondern gebessert v/erden muessen« Schliesslich kombi- nieren f?ich die beiden Cledanken zu einer hoeheren Synthesis* Das wßr der »^dialektische Prozess'» des Denkens genannt worden. //Aber nun hatte Herel *eÄ-Prozess nicht mir im Denken, sondern/in der
Wirklichkeit entdeckt. Die Geschichte selbst schreitet »^diaiV.el^tiisch«
^o^^r.^ Aii^q*«i»V»^BriiPMMBiiflrtnyTr»yirlrKTraHiiXDaiguii*MXiHr^ ^^üirios wiChin-
itsüir Itiö ^^^eed
XXTT
TJVTirdGstruction^ Alle Zustaende und Ein-
richtungen produzieren schliesslich unvermeidlich ihr ei^-^enes Gegen- teil, — und es ist der Wille des pressen "Es^, dass die Tensch- heit ihren WeP nach oben irrmer und ausschliesslich in dem Zickzack von einer Keriation zur anderen wandle, D?>s wor das kostbc^re "
'C*-*'«-^'^ "
Hereis — oder besser p'esap't: das galt dafuer» Denn
c
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55
war bestritten»
(
schon dass er dieses ^law« wirklich stipuliert habe, AW^^ von;
*M^i«. behaupteten, dass auch er nur,^incn Zickzack-We^ des ^^enkens,
nicht ^ der Wirklichkeit sprecherfund das wsr erst der Anfang der
Dunkelheiten, uoher die Im ■^oktorklub'^ debattiert wurde.lwar es wirk'
lieh wahr, dass alle Zustaende und E inr ic htinnen der Geschichte immer
vonkhrer "Antithesis" zerstoert und ersetzt wurden? Haben nicht viele
sich seit dem Daenmern der Geschichte mit unscheinbaren Aenderungon
erhalten? Sind nicht viele von etwas abgeloest v;orden, v/os schwer-
lieh die "Antithesis" genannt v/erden ke|nnto?//Und v/enn schon die ewige
Antithosis stiranen sollte, was dann nit der ewigon^Synthesis"? War
%
es in der Ges hichte auch, nur hneuf ig geschehen, geschweige Immer, dass Zustaende und Einrichtunren, die schon zerstoert vraren, sich post portera wieder mit ihren Nachfolgern zu einer »hoeheren Synthe- sis" kombiniert heetten? Ist, schliesslich, mit dem »♦ dialektischen ^i^*^ 1«^'»-^»^ not4oninjrtgMac eine^ Planeten kennt, der kann vviöse% x-Zöhin
das Gestirn morren wandern v/ird. Gibt das "lav; of notion" der Geschichte un^ ein Wissen, wohin die I«iensohheit morr^en v;andern wird?
Wahrlich, die kleinen Philosophon in *Doktorklub-^ fanden in ihrem Meister Stoff zum Oruebeln, Es wer roichledh Stoff fuer all die Jahre, die i>.arl Marx im (faf feehaus mit ihnen verbrachte. Sie aybcherten hier und stocherten dort, und waehrend die meisten Schwie- rip^keiten auch fuor ihre vereintesten boinuohunßen schv;iDrlf; blÄben, er/^ab sich v;rji lösten in einen Punkt eine glueckliche Uebereinstlmmung bei ihnen allen. In allen fixierte sich allmaehlich die i^rioinung^ dass es zu viel Gott und ffolip;ion bei ^e^el ßebe* Es ßeb zu viel davon in seinen Buechern# Er hatte zu viel Kespekt davor f^ehabt in seinam ^eben. E4[ war zu
c
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leicht als Autorltaet auazunuetzen von den Froemmlern.
Rund heraus gesaft. Im •'^Dolctorklub'^ brodelte eiiB zunehrnq^fle Feindseligkeit gegen die |CiiL.huJi umtf Religionen und Gott. Alles, wns damit zusammenhing, war einfach eine Herausforderung der modernen, wissenschaftlichen Vernunft.Tbie Stlinraung war' immer
latent gewesen in der Intelllgentsla. Sie wnr Jetzt angefacht worden turch einige neue Buecher. "Drs Lebo^ Jesu" des sued- deutachen Philosophen David i>iedrich Straus^ hatte zur Sensa- tion des Landes bewiesen, dass die Evangelien j£der histori- schen Authentizitaet ermangeln. Der Philosoph Ludwig Feuerbach begann weiter zu gehen. Im "Wesen des Christentums» behandelt« er das, was der andere nur/i historisch angezweifelt hatte, als einen Fluchj die J^enschen hatten keine Zukunft, ehe sie nicht aufhoerten, "Kammerdiener Seiner hlimnllnchen Majestaet" zu sein. Eine u eile von Anti-Religiositaet Jeder Nueancierung und Gra-
UcJ dUjfytl^ die
dulerunp fwt dutron 1n rlea^ Intelligentsla.^ua«alaes±-*»ej'4eft^ f|Auch im Doktorklub gab es Jede Nueancierung und Graduierunp, Die Gemaesslgsten begnuegten sich damit, dsss der Einfluss der organisierten Kirchen auf die oeff entlichen Dinge gebrochen werden rauesse. Die Radikalsten fanden es notv/endlg, Gott foermllch und ein fuer allemal abzusetzen; llin erbarmungslos aus allen seinen Schlupfloechern auszuraeuchern, ganz besonders natuerllch
7:
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aus dem Schlupfloch der Philosophie. Mancheperren spielten mit dem Gedanken, die beson<;ere Nueance ihrer Antl-Religlosltaet In eigenen Buechern zu entwickeln. Der Doktor Koeppen machte sich ern55tllch an die Arbelt. Er kleidete das Thema in die Form einer Huldigung fuer Friedrich den Grossen, den Freigeist. Alle
/
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waren s
ich JedenfallB einig darueber, dass der "Junp-Hegell^iiiua'»
es aich zur AufRabe machen muesse, die, religioesen Anachronis- men d^s Leisters aus dem System |bu eliB^inioponj Dies kristalli- sierte sich vorerst als das oipentliche Programm der praesump- tiven «Jun^-Hepjelianer*. Sop-er er Licentiat Bauer, der Theologe, trieb in dem anti- theologischen Strom JJund hier war es, wo der Junge Karl Mnrx, ein radikaler Entthroner Gottes, sich die Spo- ren der vollen Gleichberechtigung errang. Kr verblueffte den fcffehaustisch mit der i^ehouptung, dass schon Heftel selbst ein Atheist gev^esen sei. Es ist gar nicht noetig, sagte er, Gott aus dem System des Leisters zu eliminieren: Gott ist gar nicht drinl Hegel hatf^gar keinen Gott,
Nun, nun, dos war ein bischen skurril. Die Herren am Stamm- tisr-h waren amuesiert. Aber dann begann Karl Marx zu beweisen. Er schleppte Zitate heran. Kr tuermte aus den üandkoernern ent- legener Worte und ^aetze Gaurisankars von Schlussfolfierungen
tianuskripLB, ujiLhu 1
auf.
ort« V
Nach einip-en Wochen hatte er viele, wenn nicht ueb erzeugt, so mindestens Yerv;irrtI|Er rueckte auf in der Achtung. Ein wirklich
1 »«'•«.4^ I I «r# II.
glaenzender Kopfl Der Licontiot Bauer begann ihn
als aufsteigenden Star zu behandeln. Der Doktor
Koeppen lachte ihn in diesem besonderen Punkt weiter aus, aber pflegtelhn von nun ab die neu geschriebenen Seiten seines ^- nuskriptes ue^eif^riedrlch den ^poBson zur ^ritik zu gebo^ Der Doktor Rüge war nicht abgeneigt, einen vorsichtigen Essay ueber Heeels Atheismus in s*inor Zeitschrift zu veroeff entlichen, wenn
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Uarx sich entschliessen sollte, ihn zu schreiben« Ja, sagte Marx, er wuerde es schreiben. Aber er schrieb es nie. Wenn er aus dem )|^affeehau8 nach Hause kam, schlief er. Wenn er aufhoerte zu schlafen, las er. Wenn er aufhaerte zu lesen, ginp er ins Kaffeehaus«
Und er wurde zwanzi^t Er wurde einundzwanzig« Er vAirde
zweiundzwanzi«.|ln seinem Alter war Pitt schon Minister Seiner
i^ltisohen t^lajestaet frewesen, und Goethe und Schiller hatten un-
yerpaenfrliche Werke vollendet« «»Schon zwanzig Jahre*', hattett*
r*eld berufen, ^schon i^vanzig Jahre, und noch nichts fuer die Unsterblichkeit getanl*» -■ niVI dann wm
FuuTirur Hiiiui jQjciiW'jLi'tiffni'l ^nKiüidnir^Unter den Auswich-
er
f
ioht otniüal
j ^*ff ^arl 1]bx
.nop Koeuberbandei Wenn es so v/eiter mit ihm ging.
hatte er nicht nur nicht auf d*^ Unsterblichkeit zu hoffon, sondern
V
nicht einmal auf eine ordentliche Existenz im Leben« Er wusste vollkortmen, dass niemand als er selbst verantwortlich dafcker war« Er hasste den lauen Sumpf, in den er nich verloren hatte«
Aber je mehr er ihn hasste und Je blamabler er sich fand, umso wenif^er fan d er die Kraft, sich zu:-ammenzuraffen«|Er fuhr auf
einige Wochen nach Trier.
Aber selbst
hinter ^^er Seligkeit seines •'Engelsmaedchens^ schien immer die stumme Frage zu lauern, v/rs er eigentlich tue, wohin er eigentlich treibe« Die Fracke sickerte deutlicher aus dem freundlichen In- teresse, mit dem der alte ^eheimret von Westphalen sich ueber Berlin und die Universitaet mit ihm unterhielt« Die Frage wurde
59
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tütU
ohne Umschweife von der Mutter und^Schwester Sophie Bestellt • Nach fuenf Jahren Studium war es schliesslich nicht zu frueh, einen Gedanken daran zu wenden, wie er einioal auf eigene Fuesse zu stehen kommen wuerde* Und es war notv/endig, daran zu denken« Die Familie war nicht reich genug, daas der Mohr ihr ewig auf
der ^aache
#f f 4 I
wuerde liegen koennen — und hatte er nicht
eine Verantwortung fuer das Maedchen, das auf ihn wartete? Es waren peinliche Unterhaltunf^en» Er war i^fewf froh, als er wieder die Luft seines ^ffehaus^atmete«
Aber auch dort hatte man la engst begonnen, die Koepfe ueber ihn zu schuetteln« Was war denn los mit dem Karl Marx? In welcher Sackgasse steckte er?//Die/proesumptiven ^'Junf^-Hege lianer »•.
^^andvull Aiifeefi(»uiU fuehlteii sich als eine Clique, in der Jeder der Schrittmncher eines ^eden sein wuerfie. Jeder hatte das In- teresse, dass Jeder in eine Stellung: komme, in der er seiner- seits wieder Je :en wuerde foerdern koennen. Das ist zu allen leiten das dominierende Interesse Jeder Clique gev/esen, --und dass ein offenkundip:es Talent wie Marx, dem so viele Tueren sich leicht oeffhen vruerden, als Ewiger Student^ zu versumpfen sch4*n, v/ar unbefriedigend fuar den Doktorklub •/jAuch rein mensch- liche Interessen fehä)ten nicht. Der Doktor Koeppen enpfand fuer den ,1un/Q^en Mann, so v;eit dessen -Naturell es zuliess, eine wirk- liehe J^reund Schaft. Er widmete •»meinem Freunde Karl Heinrich' ■arx aus -^Vier** schliesslich soptar des Buch ueber Friedrich den GrrosF^en: die erste Gelegenheit, bei welcher der tarnen Karl Uarx je gedruckt erschien. Nun, der Doktor Koeppen hatte ihn seit
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laenger als zwei Jahren gemahnt« Mindestens sein Studium abzu« schllessen, musste der Junge Mann doch endlich die Energie auf- brlnpel Ein ••lumpiges Examen*^ brachte doch Jeder Esel fertigt j[etzt wurde der Doktor Koeppen draengend und gebieterisch» He- ran Jetzt an die Arbeit, um das Stueck Papier mit dem Doktor- Titel zu )riiiilp>^Pini9nj das fuer Jede Laufbahn erforderlich istl JSf Jöf versprach Marx, gewiss, er wuerde sich Jetzt an das lum- pige Examen machen«
Zoegernd und lanp;sam legte er sich ein Thema fuer eine Doktor-Disrertation zurecht# Etwas aus der alt-griechischen Phi- losophie: ueber den Unterschied zwis hen den Systemen des ^emo- krit und des Epikur# Zoef^ernd und lasch, mit langen Unterbrechung P^en, begann er pn fiem Din^ zu sohrelben*|Brlefe kamen von dem LlC'^ntlaten Bnuer, der sich auf hoher Fahrt befand. Ihm war die glueckllche Aussicht auf eine theologische f^rofessur In Bonn eroeffnet worden^ und vorerst hatte die Fakultaet ihn als^Dozent
dort acceptiert. Wie stand e^ mit Karls lumpigem Examen? ••Dir
^x ) ist zwar* Jede Erinnerung daran unangenehm** ^ ~ aber Kopf hochl
V/enn an der ünlverslteet Berlin^ die Karl so lange vernachlaes-
iftgt hatte Schwierigkeiten auftauchen sollten, so moege er ••den
Unsinn**, •*dle blosse Farce**, in Bonn erledigen. In Bonn, schrieb
der Llcentlat Bauer, seien die Professoren so minderv/ertlg, dass
der Pruefllnp Marx das leichteste Spiel mit ihnen haben werde*
Ja, ja antwortete Karl Man, «ewiaa Bonn sei wahrscheinlich der
richtige Ort.
Uhd der Licentiat Bauer, der heimliche Atheist, der ein
A) l^hE. pe-8<kW^^
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Fxj.k 4 ff . Tiouu^ / -^fal-^. :? ^s.^^9
II
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Mitglied der theologischen Pakultaet worden wollte, kam zu d. nem ^esuch nnch Berlin, Er war voll von einem triumphalen Optlmis- raus und ofooffaote die schoensten ^erflpelB»l¥eH^//3ol)ald er selbst
ein Professor und Karl ein Doktor geworden sei, sagte der Licen- tiat Bnuer, werde eine glorreiche Zeit fuer beide anbrechen. Dann wuerde der Professor eine ^'eitschrift gruenden, und der Doktor
wuerde der wichtigste Mitarbeiter
I ^« •
werden* Es v/uerde eine
Zeitschrift sein, die man '♦Archiv des Atheismus»» nennen koennte, vielleicht auch etv/as vorsichtiger — Jedenfalls eine heraus- fordernd ••Junp-hegellsche" Zeltschrift, die die Hoheit des Staates mit blankem Schwert ge/ren die AnmassunRen der ^^ellglon vertel- ^ dlpen wuerde • Und was nicht weniger wichtig war: fuer den Pro- f es or bruno Bauer wuerde es nuch lolcht sein, den jungen Freund als^lbozent In die Universita t zu schieben* Dcis, saRte er, sei schon alnpeleltet — er habe die Q,uolltaeten Karl Marx» schon mehreren Kollegen von der philosophischen ^akultaet gepriesen, und seilt Empfehlung gelte viel* Sofort nach dem Doktor-Examen ^arls», versicherte der theologische Atheist, w*rde die ^ache mit der Dozentur arrangiert werden, darauf koenne der junge Freund sich fest verlassen»
Und der junge -^reund Verliese sich fest darauf, und war sehr erhoben und machte rascher nlt der Dissertation» Und dann gab ihm einer vertraulich den Wink, dass er es noch viel einfacher mit dem Examen haben koenne als In Bonn, ti Grossherzogtum Wel- mar gab esVWnlversitaet Jena# Dort v;ar In letzter **elt der Brauch entstanden, den Doktor einfach brieflich zu verleihen» Man brauchte
lu.
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ger nicht selbst/orachelnen* Ea ^(enuegte, die Dlsnortatlon samt den vorgeschriebenen Atteaten per Poat hlnzuachlcken^, dann kam eines T&ees per Poat das Dotetor»Diplom,h' miil ti'ülAde {..all
5|lJ^'iBO beanerl Die Dlaoertstlon vvurdo
W'le diiü
fertlcsoateHt, An 6« April 1H4,1 anndte Karl ale ralt^liien Be- werbunratrlef an don i>eknn der philoaophlB hen Fakultaet in Jena« An 15« April 18^1 linterzelchnete der Dekan ein Doktor-Diplom fuer iBxtn Carol^^Enric4^R:nri, Trevirensl^. -^ )
Der neue Doktor nahn die Oluockwuens ho in /^ffohcus ent- Pfir^Tim Kln bischen MjuukJüi Elegie war In den vergnueßten Abend
gemischt. Der Abschied stpind vor der Tuor# Der neue Doktor hatte nichts nohr in Berlin zu suchen« Aber den Stamtlsch trocstete die Brfreulichlceit^ dos^ ein weiterer von ihren kleinen Haeuf- chen bald irp;exy!vo irfTendv/na bedeuten werde • Und der neue Doktor 8rh mit Unreduld der Verv/lrklichunc der Dinre entf?;ecen^ auf die er sich fest verlasren konnte«
Je :en Tap erwartete er in Trier C.as deichen des Licen* tiaten Rnuer, dass er die i^ewerbunr urn die venia le^-endi, die Berech tif?:unp zan Lehren, at^ senden koenne« Er bereitete alles 80 vor, dass nirht die kleinste Verzoererunp; nnotl^ nnlri wuerde» Ifc die Berech tigjunr zun Dozieren zu erhalten, musste der Univer** sitaot eine gedruckte, wlssens«' haftliche Arbeit, die ••Habi^ijfe- tions-Schrift**, uebJirreicht werden« Ki^rl Mrrx besass keine an- dere wlssene haftliche Arbeit als die Diasertationf fuer die er in Jena den Doktor erhalten hatte« Einerlei^ er wuordo dieselbe Dissertatioh za^. zweiten M?^l benutzen, um in Bonn die Dozentur
zu erhalten« (lEr traf die Vereinbarungen fuer den vorreschrie- benen Druck« Der Druchror berechnete den Preis • Knrl/ Marx schrieb
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63 zwei Wldnungs-Blaetter, dlo (leo Text voraneostellt werden soll- ten. Dloso zv.'ci Bloottor llosa er den Drucker s^^hon probeweise setzen, bn«l «^yhlolt A^üueeefZ/P«« erste Blatt Inutetet "Seinen teuren vneterllchon Freunde, den Geheimen Heßleruncsrat Herrn Ludwlß von vjestphalön, wldnet dle% Selten als ein Zeichen kind- licher Lloto der Vorfasrier"« Des zv/eite Blatt setzte die v;id» unnr fort rilt Ausdruecken der Bewund orunp — seltenen, bilder- reichen Ausdruecken, haette der Frofosnor Wyttenfcoch cosagt — fuor den •• Jugendstarken Grols", "dor nie vor den Schlags chatten der retrograden Gespenster und vor dep oft finsteren Wolken- hlior.el der -ieit zurueckbebte, sondern mit goettllcher Energie und loaennlich sicherem Blick steto durch alle V^rpuppunf^en hin-
durch das
Iftapyreun schaute, das Im Herzen der V.elt brennt»"
Der jfrobeabzuf^ des zweiten Blattes befriedigte den Verfasser nicht. Er achrieb an den liand die Anw^isun/r, dess sie "nit groos- screr Schrift zu drucVen ooi.
Aber der Druck fand nie statt. Das Mielchen des Llzentlaten
-)
Bauer blieb fuor IwBo: Llcentlr.t Bauer hatte
y
c^^ienullibriert. Er hotte den AthelsnuB, zu der; er sich fortent- wickelt hatte, nicht mehr Iv B .son bewahrt, sondern uobenauetlc hinausrcschrieen. In seinen Vorlcsunren hatte or Toeno aneeschlo- Cen, die helle Sensation In der alme nater ::«ichten. In dem Zlra- mer fior theologischen Professoren vmT en zu Svenen mit ihn ge- koninon, und einmal fast zu einer Schlnecf^rel. Als seine öewer- bunr OB die Professtir auf die '^aresordnung knn, lehnte die theo-
^jL^k ^U' 'iU^-^ / ^ fjUi^.f. S 6-
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loplsoh« FaJcultßet sie einst Iririlr ab. So -er als^Dozent konnte er sich nicht leen^or haiton. Und. zucl'ilch mit den Hoffnunnen des Prote/bora vorsenken die seines Proteres. Dahin die akado- mische Position in Bonn, Dahin das Sprungbrett fiuer die akade- mlshe /j^arrlore. Dahin auch das "Archiv den Athelsnus". Aufs neue fand Karl f^enc sich in Leeren.
Wieder wer die Knttaeusohunr zerschmetternd. Kr fand Zu- flucht in »phr^ntastisch schwarzen Gedanken" und erhoblicheP Dra- natls^frunc Wna vorpGC'onfTen %7pr, wp.r erilnent natucrllch ße- Wesen, Anormal mochte der ** ersuch eines Atheisten eenonnt wer- den, sich in eine Fnkultaet der Gottes- Gelehrtheit einzunisten:
des Hein der Fekultnet vmr nur normal. Zur Srhaltun(!', nichts^» zur Zerfltoenmpr a»^r «elipion sind theolocische Fakul teeton da. //Der Rescheiterte Professor und der gescheiterte Dozent sahen sich nichtsdestowonirer als Opfer eines krcsren fTo%'/Bltek^. Etwas » worauf sie elnfnon ein Anrecht hatten, war ihnen vorenthalten worden. In ihren Briefen und iurzaehlungen "f^--^ ^lw^^^^^- von Bonn zu zolotlsohen ünterdrueckern der freien l/.cinunc. »Iäb- Katale vrer anr-zottelt worden. Diö Froonnlor Im ; lAisteriun von Berlin hatten eine rehel-.e Verfehnun,'!8-Parolo cogon den nichts- ahnenden Licentlaten ausgereben, und in ihrer folron Scrvili- taet hatton dl« Theolocert von Bonn rehorcht. Sine Verschwoerung dunkler, untorlrdiacher Waechteljoie ^®^°^^^Ug^,^ ^^^""^ ellos.
was ralt Gott und Pelipion zu tun hotte.
in '^arl Mcnc
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An 1. Januor 1P^2 beglueckwuenorhten sich die Einv;ohner von Coel»n zun neuen Johr^iTäie orzeehlton sich von aylvoster und dor Fruehroesse in Don. Sie sprachen uebor den Tleujohrs-Artlkel in der •♦Koelnischen Zeitunr" — ein ßlaon^onder Artikel wieder, nicht wahr, ■it elef^ßnten Spitz'^n pQP^n Proussen und die Peßierung. Geleßentlich frf^Pte oiner ' en nndoreni »Heben üie nuch schon die neue Leitung «eaehen?" — denn seit dicseni I'or^en ers -hien in ^oeln eine neue iieitunp. Aber v;nnlr:e hatten sie bisher reaehon, und die ^^oußierde dnnnch wnn^beson'ero gross. Die Fama wollte v 1 üen, dasa die neue /ieitun« ein ReRierum-sblett sei; ein vorkopptes Proporenda-OUGan
fuer i^erlln#
Die Fan« uebcrtrieb. Die Knufleute, die die "Rhciaia he z.ei-
tunr" Re^^ruenriot hatten, wnren, srlbstvcratoendlioh, ßut liberal,
und insofern keineswegs fuor die nonopollatlsche Herrierunr in Ber-
lin. Aber liberal ,wfir nuch die Koelnische ^eitung. Sie ginr so
^"elt dprin, wie repfln^-en v/erdon konnte, und aus dlcaon Gesichtspunkt
wpr kein bedarf nach einen neuen 3proohpohrJ/T?twps anderes hatte
j^ ' . .
die '^aufleute hevornn^|tg^OOO Tha 1 ei^ju^J-^r ::en2ug?ei^ cios neue
Blntt(<^Oeld, dns n^^X^ler "ahrsoheinlichk it nienals ^ov/lnne . ■/raf^n wuerde. Dor "Koolnischen *:eitunr" sass eine dicke katholi- sche ^ri le auf der Hone. Vo-'-on pur katholischej. Intoreasen, oder Hirngespinsten, zankte sio uneblaeasig mit Regicrune und Staat, ^are^on musrte endlich eirunal ein ae/rcncewicht ceschnffen worden. Tutadtin Gegengewicht mus^^to rcn< haffen worden gegen den ganzen anti- berllni3 hen, antl-preusf^isrhenj^ nn1>i-imrrrdnute.*4w4^eigt, den das
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71 Blatt In den Rhelnlaen^ejm wach erhielt» Waa sollt« das? Schliess- lich gehoerte das Rheinland jetzt oin ViertelJahrhiuKiert zu Preus -.an, und gedieh und hatte nichts zu kl^r©n« Preussen war gaaz gut« und die ewlfre krlolnliche Hoerpolel an Ihn und das nentlmentalo lierueber«» schielen nach Frankreich wnr^schon verdriessllch^Jzur öruendunc einer neuen ^eltunß i7P&.elne Konzession der Reßie: une erforderlich» Die ^aufleute hetten bei den Oberpjreesldent der Provinz lUflDai'üBlztfrt
^everner
sondiert, ob ihnen die
Konzession gegeben v;orden wuerde# Sie hatten ihn erklnert, aus v/e- Ichen ^Tuenden ihrer Ansicht noch in l!(oeln ein zv;oites Blatt nt- we dlg sei« Aber Aar ist praechtißl hatte der Oberpraesldent geru- fen# Er hatte dem Minister in Berlin berichtet, und der Minister hatte es e^enfnlls praechtlg pefuniien» Don Knufleutea wnr nltce^ teilt worden, dasc sie die Konaession erholten koennten*. iJKen Re* geln entsprechend zuerst provisorisch fuor ein Jahr« Wenn das Blatt ^Ich wi ehrend den Probejahres als korrekt und ernsthaft bewaehrt habe, werde die provisorische Konzession^ den ^^f:eln entsprechend, in eine definitive UTinewandelt werden»
VLltJAer Sorge fu^r Kapital und Konzession hatten die Kaufleute dos ihrlpe Reton» Die Rer-aktion nusnten sie Intellektuellen ueber* lassen« {Eine ^Itunr bestand zu jener ^ieit crossentells aus laeng- liehen Artikeln und Correspondenzen, die von Mitarbeitern izn Heben- arit geschrieben \wrden» Profes s Ions lle|{ Hadakteure konnten nicht entbehrt werden, aber es war kein anpesehener ^eruf , eher das ^egen- tell# Kr wurde in der Segel nur nqpDOddbc von geknickton Sxlstenzen
ausreuobt: Leuten, die in einem besseren Beruf gescheitert woren# Im i^a^le der Kaufleute von Koeln Tvollte es das Olueck, dass zwei
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Jua^e ^©tite mv Ihren eli?enen yaznlllen slcö un dloso Dinge kueraiem konnten.//Dle Soehne von Herrn June und Herrn Oppenheim bofendan sich beide auf der letzten Etappe des v«eGes» der fua^ Icuenftice RechtsanwRelte vorreachrleben v/nr. Sie dienten beide gerade Ihre Periode als Aase^ren bei (lerloht ab. Aber beide, öeorg Jun-^ und Dagobert Oppenheim, hatten nebenbei imer auch ein -Pencüant zur
hoeheren IntellaIctuolltAot gehabt. Hatten sie sich wcehrend ihres Stud Iuris Kn Ich t so/^nr mit der Philosophie, der hoe-hston Weisheit, viel zu schaffen rienacht? Sprachen sie nicht urbar Hegel, der doch des •chwlerlrste ron Schwierigen wnr, nlt flerselben sicheren selbst» verstaendlichkoit, wie ihre Vaeter uebor Rabatte, JCono^juente und iialdos? Hatten sie nicht sonor zu einem ••Doktorklub'» rehoert, der sich Tag un';' ^acht mit etwns beschaofticto, was zA einer bedeutenden
CLcc
Verbesserung Hefrels fuehren sollte? Ks traf sich gut, dass^Soehno von Herrn Jung und Herrn Oppenheim zur ^nd wrren. Ihrer öaohlEunde konnte Aas redaktionolle Äocouchonent der kUGaftlßea ••Rhelnlschea Zeltunrr* anvertraut werden«
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Die zwei ooehne waren an die Arbelt geganpen, und die Arbelt war freudig fuor sie reweson« Jawoh-1^ ale waren vorueboreehend In dem Berliner ffaffcKhaxia heimisch gewesen« Sie hatten zu der Clique peh^ort« Nun gut^ jetzt hatten ale Briefe an alle ceaclirielen^ die jenals zu der Clique prohoert hatten; an die paHTt ^i® noch In Ber- lin waren^ und an die paar^ die sich s:;hon In andere Staedte zer- streut hatten« Als Redakteur fuer Innen- und Aussenpolitik hatten sie den Doktor Rutenberg aaraftioi ly /denehenallgen Lelirer am (^^ detten-Corp»|i <?on l^arx zeitweise seinen intimsten Ifreund genannt hatte
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Auf den Llcentlaton Bauer, don Doktor Rufte, don DoJctor Koeppen und ein helbea Ihitzend andoror hatten sie die vcrschlodanon Sparton ▼erteilt, uebei* die aus ^erlln berichtet werden sollte; atlf die verstreuten '^otreuen die Korrespondenzen aua den tcleij^neren deutschen Houptotaedton. Die Clique, die nanzo Clique, nichts als die Clique: des V7^r eile ^evlse c^weseni^ unter welcher die Asseaoren Jun(r und Oppenhein die Hedaktl^n der ••Rheinischen Sodtunfj'^ arranglelrt hatten# Und 00 begann mit dea Anbruch deo Jahres lß42 ein Abenteuer^ wie es rar wnr in der Geschichte der Presoe« In die klippenreiche See ihi^s •Probe Jahres •• lief unter den Auren den preuss Ischen ^i^ensors eine ^Itung aus^ r.egruendet^ e-eleltet und geschrieben von Leuten, die alle ausnahmlos nicht die Spur einer Erfahrung ia ieltungs- Metier hatten^ — eine Zeitung uobordles, deren gesante Intellekt tuelle l^nnschaft aus Ji^ffendlichen Philosophen mit einem heftig sekt^erischen Tick bestand*
Auch Korl Marx w?=jr, selbe tverstnendllch, zu Eeltraenen auf- refor^^ort worden* Schon Uonate vor den ^eginn hatten die zv/ei JTxine^ hepellener in Coeln an den Junf:-Hegolianor in Trier ßesvjhrieben, doss sie mit V^erprnueron Artikel von Ihci brln^jen wuor<^.en^ wnnn liamer
^ WT^D ihr; poaaej '^a/ Ja, hatte Marx f^eantwortet, prewiss, gern werde, er gelegentlich Artikel schreiben* Ater er wird den ersten erst in fu nf ten Monat dor neuen Geltung eln;^enden — and df=*s v/lrd zugleich das erste Manuskript aus seiner Feder seln^ das (?;edruckt erscheinen wird* Selbst die Aussicht^ zun ersten ^al iredruckt zu wer^en^ hatte i^ nicht beflonc!ers ancaspornt*
l>enn seit dem Zusarin^nbruch seiner akodenischen Traeume war cle^c
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durch aufrerende Ereignisse absorbiert«
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Der Gehelmrat von Wootpholen erkrankte. tmd siochte drei
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Monate dahin und stert. Das wer ein gratisniner Schlag» Der alte Herr hatte in all den Jnhren nie durch bentlcjnte Worte gezeigt, dasr er von (Jem Ronan nelner Tochter und des Mohrs ^twes wisse* Abor beide iraren öichorp dess er leenpst alles wiose^ Sein Schtyel- ßen Wßr ihnen als gleichbedeutend mit einer iustiriraunr erschieneüii die ihnon fuer die Zukunft sein© unentbehrliche Hilfe ßegen den Rest der a^aifren Familie verbuerre* Der Mohr ntand orsohuetteiti^ <i:^ \A(fap< örate der Hoffnung auf seine Hilfe#|und als das Grab kaum ge- schlössen w^r^ beschloas die Witwe von Westphalen^ sofort aus Trier fortzuziehen* Aufs neue wwr eine Crennung Ton Jenny zu überstehen* Und der Mohr konnte es in dem veroedeten Trier nicht r.ehr aushalten^— • und auch nicht mehr in elterlichen Haus, in den ein ^ewitter
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sich ueber seinen^ Kopf zu8»ninenzoß. Kr f luochtete nach Bonn, — •o wenigstens die Vorstollunr Ihn erbaute, dnss seine blosse An«
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Wesenheit »ein Aerccrnls ^af:^ die Kelllcon hier" sei. Und dann brach des öewltter aus ans sich zusnnnenßezoffen hntte. «»Allorwldrigsto Ptnllloncontrovcrson"*) besamien*
Seine Mutter vorlangte, dass der Vlerund2v;aazleJ:.chrlce end» lieh anfenre, Irf^endetres zu orlelten und fuor sich selbst zu sor- een, Schwos'-or Sophie unterstuetzte sie. In Ihrer Darstellung war M wuerdelos und verantwortunfjslos von ihm, sich euf das Dasein
eine ewlren Parasiten einzurichten, — obendroln eines Paieslton
■hJtc aet "
.^^ente^/selne^ elgenayr Mutter j ninop mma^ njt elnr.o Haus voll Klnden^V^a sTc behcuptoto, dass er schon arbeiten erde, sobald er dazu renoetlfrt 8ftl«//MonntölQng knenpfte Karl Itorx einen zaehen, erbitterten KaEpf gopren das Vorhaben der zwei Frauen, seine ^ezvege zu Icuerzea und In Beeide ßaaz zu streichen. Er verlor den
K«»inpf, ^l'.r-.lnQ Fanllle", schrieb er i\en Doktor Ruce, "legte lalp Schwierigkelten In c!en v»ee, die mich trotz ihres Wohlstandes mo- aenton den drueckeadsten Verhaeltnisoen aussetzen.^WUnd etwos speeter: "Ich bin, wie Ich Ihnen schon elnn*I schrieb, mit oeiner Janlllo zerfallen, und hrbe, solange Eolne üutter lol t, kein Recht auf nein Venaoe'^en«**? ) Er zoererte gecenueber den Doktor Ru^e nicht, das Vfsrhalton seiner lüutter rundheraus als eine "Lunperel" zu
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*) Karl UfiTxt Brief an Rüge ▼• 9. Juli 16^.2 Moskauer aosaintcusßabe, Brste Abtellunr, Band X, Zweiter Halbbnnd, ;^. 277
p^ln dom ni-hon ffiiiiMimtiiii Tli IriTe an Rucn . /v/-/:- t Brief an Rüge tod 25» Dez. 1842. M ekaüotOesaiat« auepaba, Brste Abteilung, Band 1, Zweiter Halbband *. 294
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Charakterisieren, ( üebers.: "scoundrelism"?) — obwohl er als Philosoph auch hinzufuegte, dass die oeff entlichen Lumpereien einem Menschen von Charakter gluecklicherwattse Jede moegliche Irritabili- taet fuer die »rivaten unmoegllch machen*»» Aber er wer irritiert und "verntlmmt und zerstueclcelt«» genug, um bis auf weiteres
€•« •'^
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fuer die »»Rheiniache Zeitunjp;«» nichts tun zu koennen. Dps war enttaeusohend fuer die Assespren Jun/^' und Oppenheim» Nach dem Ruf, den Marx in der Clique gonAsa, hatten sie gerade von. ihn dlo wlohti-fltwn Beitrae/^e erhofft. Und darin waren sie bestaerkt worden von einem bewunderten Mann, Er hiess Moses Hess,
Noch wttCBto niemand, welch einflussreiche Rolle der Doktor ■eU>Ja£A Moses Hess, auCl ein rheinischer Kaufmannsaohn, hinter den Coulissen
der Geschichte bald spielen w4«>4. Aber mit Söinen dreissig Jahren v/nr er fuer die Juengeren Intellektuellen bereits eine Art von i'a- triarch, — ein Weiser, dessen Rat eingeholt und respektiert wurde. Seine Weisheit war bestaetigt worden von den Buch, das er soeben veroeffent licht hatte und ueber das geredet zu verden bef^enn ~ es
handelte von einer neuen Philosophie namens "Sozialismus" oder "KoT^jnunisraus", die, wie es schien, in Frankreich aufßekorimen war. Den beiden Assessoren half Moses ^ess in der ^eitunfrs-Sache gele- gentlich mit seinem reifen Urteil •• und so wp.r auch der Doktor MarT wf?ehrend eines Aufenthaltes in Koeln ihm zur Begutachtung vorf^efuehrt worden* /Der Eindruck w^r ßcrf« ausgezeichnet gewesen* Obv/ohl Marx nicht eiinal das Buch seines Gep;enuebers gelesen hatte, was fuer gewoehnlich nicht beliebt macht bei Autoren^ hatten sein Scharfsinn und seine Belßenheit ihre nie versagende Fascination
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aus/^'euefct, Dleeer Junr;e Mann, hotte lloses/zu don beiden Aöseseoren gesA^. wird de« beste Pferd In jLhrem tall/«aria* werdenl Und ob- wohl m y.arx bei weiteren iiusanrnentroffen lait ellor Offenheit im^waC nigugnbilnn hatte« dass er fuer die so^rennnnte ««sozifilistlsche** Philosophie weder Interesae noch Synpothio eufbrineon icoenne» war die i^ens tlp:e Meinunc deo Woses Hess jedea jbI guoastiger Gowopdon# Sie entwickelte sich ranlxh zu einen oxtrnord inneren 2nth4slasinuß» //"in elnttt Brief an einen befreundeten Dichter nannt or .iaj»/^6ine
Ersehe inunpt die nuf in*ch einen impoocmten Eindruck oMldhte« Du kannst Dich dnrnuf gefaflot nechen^Men groeseten, vielleicht einzl ffan Intzt let onrten eigentlichen Philosophen kennenzuler nen^ |kw^
iiiiiijr ur
cne eurtrc
p in Orfiril töü
üowohl eis auf
thodo
quU'^'lLlBn^ü|f auf ti^L iiieUeiu
wird**J Er rief ousz^'Jetzt fuehle ich eröt, welo>i ein Stuenper ich In der elfrentlichen Philosophie blnl Aber Geduldig ich v?erde jetzt auch noch etwfia lernenl^ füi alltU4 dui Bntthroner
-Oeti^eaj Und er fasatezusamneni^^Dr^ Marx, so heisot mein Abgott^ist noch ein ranz Junger iiann, etwa 24 Jahre hoechstons elt# Aber or wird der aittelaltt.rlichen Religion und Politik den letzten stoss versetzen» Er verbin f-t mit dem tiefsten philosophischen Krnat den 3-hnei<lendsten Witz. Denke Dir Rouasoau, Voltaire, Holbach, Les inp, Heine und Iler.el in einer lerson yorolnirt — ich soce ver- einigt, nicht zusai nengeanhnissen — so haot Du Dr# I'.erx«'»*)//Keln
Efuk z///^^^^*^ ,
^'^^ ?-^-^'^. . ^^^
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inisclMMi Zeltunic* nit TTh^oduld auf dio
Dlnno ßtwartüt wurCe, die von dloaeti Autor ko' ijcn ^morden»
A er fuor's erat« rwßsto dns Blott sich bcechoi .oa alt dca.
wP™
die uftVrlffoj^ Cllqu« zu eareri hctto« Auch da» wer intereasaat»
11 Ai\ der allcaattiBAß ^•ationa dar Jun"«?a Lcut« wer nichts e'jfl«M?gowoeha-
lieh« Da« Klott »teipte den ll'horcilGn Kuro, cit zahlrelc?\on v«r» •c:hloi*rt«n Kxoursionan in dl© Idoon der "^esnokir: tiö# DnB tstcjti dlo r.f Istaii -«itungen, and unter «Jor neuerlich c<^;ll larton polltl-
cJen ioasur wer os nr>ch \>©nl<?er riskant eis fnioher» Trotzdaa fohlte ••der *Rhftlnlo hen Jieltun^* nicht an beaonci erhalten.
Zu Ihnen ßehoerte, 'Lsrstaat, Ihr« «etawaro philoßophisch« Artalo- ruii?;« A'Aa «llen, wea »••ohah, tnirdan In Ihren Spalten philosophi- sche Abatrnktlonen in llef^el'aohea ieralnoloßlon. i)anlt verbunden war eine ^^ttltude naJoot««(tla ;h«r ^oborlo. ahoit, od<;r, wie die •äderen ^«ltua.:oa bolJ 3;'!Cten, unr.lfor notarhetllchkolt» Gelten
lere Uelnun^jin uj\aufhocrllchen Po-
lör.lkcn von ob~n horab /feo konsequent entweder fila puro Idiotie j'.olüfutUu.Uti o'-er als i>er.eantolun(: miuu\i4fTQr : otlvo entl-rvt v^ordon
.Ino weitere Höacnco er^ab sich aus der entl-rollroeaon löee fix« der Clique. Ole Junr-!ler*llnn«r liesoeii einer nie v«rölti©adäa Hae- aischkelt teeren die nellßlon eo liaeuflp frf>ien Lauf, acUat in den ent-l .-©zysten 2iuaarr.en?i^on?-cn, al-: ob er ueberhaupt keinen «enror ehr <?e«lo — und d» irrten aie plchl Ber neue Koonlg ^ied«.
TI\ v»>r ein Mystiker, mmam ar d«r «^nawr «tomm
renz in poIitU hen Dinfcn befohlen hotte, ao k^lncßv.'or9 in den relleoeaon, Dlo r ren fuor Ihn die unentast^.ar« FroId eller Ordnung
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und Sitte •/'Der.^ensor beeaön bald die Stirne zu ronzcln, lEmer hoeuf Ifer sah er sich renootlrt, öen neuen Blatt athfaifltioch» Pro»
nunc lamentos
ivltae^ wegzustreichen, —
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und was durchschluepfte, war oft noch vprletzend cenuß. Es eiapoerte die •'Koelnis he Seltunp^'jK'so sehr^ dess slo, sicher zum ernten Wöl^ den iiensor zur groesserer Energie aufrief • Sie v/arf ihrri vor^ dasa er diese '•unwue^diffsten Ausfaelle auf das Christentum erlaub te**; dass er diese ekelerrependa Ausf pelle eines knabenhaften Uebemuts*»*) nicht stopT>e« Bei der -""egierung bef^nn eine gewisse Gereiztheit /7:ep:en die neue kSeitunr ^^u entstehen«
Und noch eine Besonclerheit entwickelte sich in den Blatt— oder, p'eneuer gesji^rrt^ in den Beitr^ egen seiner Berliner Kitarbeiter« Ploetzllch beftannen sich in den j^rrespondenzen aus Berlin Worte^ Saetze und Absaetze von unverkennbar '•soziallotiß hen*» Timbre zu haeufen«J/DRS IntereGslerte nicht die Reßlerung -- ► nicht die preussische Hegierunr von datnels« So weit sie dorials unterrichtet wart hatten die sorrenannten SAzielisten die Idee^ dase aus den Hei- eben nehr herausreholt v erden muesse fucr die Amen« Warun nicht? Koinesfalls tan|j;lerte das die kep;ie unp« Eher^ war es ihl> soßar anfrenehEi, dass die annassenden Fa^rikanten und Kaufleute mit ihren evdgen Draencen nach i^enokratie nun auch ihrerseits ein bischen bed|frf^enf?t werden wuerden«^Aber was der itegierunf ßleichgueltlg war, wnr nicht gleichgueltig fucr Karl Marx« Was v/nr denn vorßogan- gen mit den Berlihern? wunderte er sich, wenn ^^r die Zeitunc las« Wf^s dachten sie sich dmn bei der. sozialistischen Unsinn, und wie war der Unsinn so ploetzlich in den Doktorklub ßefahron?
^f!e*e« Erste Abteilung, Band 1, Krater Balbband,^)«
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Nun, vorffeffongen war, dass kurz nach der Abroise von Karl Marx <=!lne Anzahl neuer BuecKer in '■orlln olngotroffoh T7cr. Sie waren
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8lle In Jfthre Ift^O ersnhlenen — tind die Chronisten werden^ einstmals
nB^^n koennen, dass diese Buecher -^rtR^ einejji einzigen Jahi^eine neue Periode der ^esohichte einloitetentAs wpren Buecher in franaocoi* scher 3prpch#« Ei es starmte von einem stuermls^t an '^'emparaiment und Vitriol ischej^ tieist, Pierra-lloseph Proudhon# lieber diesen Autor
^ ßoj^^er^/^ S^^^^if^*^^ ^/iMi^^^e^^^cl Ji
>2f«rde helcfinntt dass er der Sohn eines l.sliarm hbI» iliia i uf ütiv>en
hf^oar^oitot hrbo bin aa^n Pooita — ^
gurue^t^auotun
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propriete?**, ~ und es rlpfolte in dor Antwort j ••La propriete.
Der Titel seines Buches w^rf die Freße auf j^C^u^est^
ca In
c^est le voX."^ Ein anderes dies^ r Bu'^her von Jahrgang 18-4,0/ hatte
Stlenne Gäbet zum Verfasser^ %t rrnr rionernj,^oqverneur von Corsica
rasen und unter fr^^i/nvuerdiren Umsteenden e^lasren worden und lobte nun in drnnrkendaten ^erhneltnisnen* Seine ••Voyapra -a« Icari^ bo- schrieb die ideale Orfranisatlon eines fernen MrerchenlandeSt in dem dank :^er idealen OrrGnloation^ alle Mens hen gluecklich sindJlin drit tes dieser Buecher von reichen Jahr^^anp 1840 trur eirien schon be- kannteren Autoren-Nanen# Louis Diene war ein rndikaler Publizist
in Paris
7
ea hatte og ^jh
j^'TTty'i^HlTrreit
H| /ontwlclcelte^
u.^<xt<Ju-Ba;^ /oc/£4
j^ ein wohltl'i-^hilrinhtnn dcheme fuor die "anelloratlon nornipi «i. »fiirfi- rlt?«!^ dti-fftrrt~d0 tt3t»»»»/TJnc5 zu diesen frenzoesls hen Buechern, ''le kurz npch ?.'8n« Abo^hled In Berlin olnretroffen wp.ren, wpr 4».
n^jllete noch "Die etiropaelscho Trif<j'orchle''d©s Moses Hess
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81 gekommen« Diese vier Buocher WRren der Blitz^ der In dos Caffeehaus elnf?;G8chlRr:en wer« Der Blitz hatte die Aueen der Herren vom^Doktor- klub^ geblendet und ihre Geister in Aufruhr ??ebracht« Neben der Beseltfmnp* Gottes w^r die Beseltirunr der Amut als ein neues In- teresse In ihnen aufpestlofjen^/lle diese Buocher handelten von ^•r Benelt Ipunr der Arciut.
^ Es pic)b Anless die Armut schwer zu nehmonl Es pab zu viel davon^
und in zu enpoer^nde« Grad^y^Vor einiren Jahrzehnten V9pr des I'ara- doxon sichtbar geworden^ dasc die Fabriken ixnd Maschinen, die den Reich tun so steigerten, fuer viele nichtsdos towenlrer die Ai^sjut
prenteiprert hatten — und mm^ f^jerade fuer die, die in den neuen ''abrikon und an den neuen t'asohinen arbeiteten^ Jawohl ^f juistreltip hatte die Lppre der Fabrikarbeiter sich
schlechter
p^ataltet als die ihrer Vorraenßer, der Handiwrks-üesellen» Sie wurden nledrirer entlohnt* Sie nussten viel Ineneer arbeiten, •• bin zu vierzehn Stunden an Taß# Und danlt die yanilien existieren konnten, rausaten selbst die Kinder schon in diö Fabriken f^eschickt werden* Gerade in den fortneschrittenjifsten Laendorn fronten Hundert- t*us ende junr^^r v/escn, viele nicht aeltor als sechs o er sieben ^vhr^p Tag aus und Tap ein neun und zehn Stunr'.en in den Fabriken, und w^s sie verdienten, v/aron elende Pfennip:e#/Do8 wtir gekOTmen wie ein Vrrh^enrnls# Die I.'aschinen und Fabriken hctten die alten Zuenfte mit Ihren festen, patriarchalischen Ordnunfron jerstoert» Sie hatten die professionellen Fertigkeiten des einzc-lnen Arbeiters uebrrfluessig gemecht und den Unternohmern ein rio8ir;cs neues Reser- voire von Millionen von TTnpelernton erschlossen* Angebot und ^ach-
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freße auf don Arbelts-S^ßrlct hatten eich verhaengniisvoll zum Hach« tüll der Arbolt8^ü»uB(^»n verschob ei» Der Komet der rjsohlne war glaenzend «ufpest leren — aber hinter Ihm wnr ein Schv/olf von grauem Elend ers^^hlenon^ der ueber einen bf38tlrmten Teil der Bevoel* kerunß^ und nur/dieaen einen ^ily dahlnff (^te# v;er in die Quartiere der Industrte-Arbeiter hineinsah, sah schaurige Bilder.
Es hatte nlctit Iß^O worden mueanen/p un das duest/ere Para- dozon zu entdecken* iJchon In ^.^n ersten Jahrzehnten dos Jahrhunderts hatte es die britlachen und frnnzoesls hen ^eister beschaeftlgt« iTTiie Notleidenden seifest hatten die Aufnerksarikeit der/^uf gastossen« Ihre Verzweiflunr hatte begoanon, sich in Gevmlttaetlgkelten gecen das teuflisohe Dinr zu entladen, den dns ganze TTnholl so sichtbar entstamte: die £>Ia8chine« Ban(^<en von Arbeitern, unter der Fuehrung eines mjdtAs hen, paeudonynen, nie Identifizierten Generals Ludd^ waren un IRll In England zur Aktion uebergeea nf;en# Jahrelang hatten die Luddlten in oinera organisierten Guerillakrieg Maschinen zor- schlagen und Fabriken zorstoorft^ Die Todesstrafe war auf die ^e-* _ _ ^ _, _ erKr.ufruhrY
durch die St/rassen schlich, wa ehrend j^reknenpft und blut vergossen wur(^e, hatten die Denker die ersten Systeme zur Beseitigung der Armut zu ersinnen begonnen •//Drei ^enk r bcsonclors hatten ihre ^Itpenossen zwischen IPOO u d 1830 elektrisiert^
Ein bizarrer Frenzosa, Charles Fourier, der die Srbschaft
c
/-;
seines Vaters
haenAlerst ^^ ^^-^ Bocrsc
,ve
spielt hatte, war auf die Loeaunr vej-fallen, d*^ ss die i'ens hhelt orpanisiert werden muessa in ••Phol^es'*« Jece l halan^ solle aus
/
83 810 Iv'aennorn und ebensovle^^FrßUon bestehen — entsprechend den
RIO Charakter-Typen^ In die seiner Kath-^^n^tlk zufoi^e, die i'enachon zcrfnllon« Joc!e Phnlence wuer^e ihr« collectlvea Kapital und ihri^ colloctlVGS Territorium besitzen^, unfl derln ninen penelnsarion Pg* last, die ^PhmlnnBtere''« Fourler •'sooietaere*^ oder »'fferantintlsc^e*» Schule wnr zu einer pressen Bewepiinr gev/orden^/^aan hatte ein an- derer "^r^nzose, rier Comte Claude Henri de 3alnt-Slmon| das Evancollum Uwui. : ifhrAen •♦neuen Chris tentums*' und der ^fy»uvBMu ijoiide iiuluf^ti lel** verlcuendet# ^^^-^tco/i^^ Er wpr ein i^arnat und Offizier irjev/cseni aber seit er sein \renaoe*
ren dur'^hrebrßcht hatte^ hntto er sich/ kuoriiorllch als Copist dun^^ /<j^ aur tyachlaren nuessen# Unter seinen o^! TJlaiiok f itteln zur Pesel«
(
tlguntf dor Armut befand r,lc>i besonders die /bschaffunfr des Erbrechts, und die ^ebogftiehrun^ elloa induatrlcl'on Invcntcire In otiffuntli'-^ '
lelchzelti^ mit ihm hatte in Enplnnd ein l'ann In ßnnz anderer Situation sich nlederrresetzt zun Schreiben/. Der grosse
Teictllfobriknnt Robert Ov/en
in/ Am\ i?iQ
ften und
c
^ir\ ;'lllAonf.Qg| hatte seine Buechor •'A new view of sociot3^ und ^The ney^ norpl vforld'* vereeff entlieht ~ und hatte ^,ehr als des r'eteül Er hatte hegonnan, sein System, das er des "soeieL^ystem«* nannte, in 'Vlrklichkr-it U" zusetzen. D^s System pln'^ darauf aus, die T/elt allnr>ehllch in ein r^etene Inander "^^rx zahllosen •♦▼illrf^es/ and^ faetorloo of er^eper^itloftf zu verwandeln, •^ unci er iwr dazu ueber- ZKs^vrir'r^Xi^ in Snr;l^nd und Ar.erike Dorf- und Fabrik-Geneinden seine ' Ty^us tetnaechllch zu rruenden. Sie sollten die Muster n-in, die unv7l(^erntehllch zur allgemeinen Nachah unp emuntern v/uerden. All- wiehlich hette er sein ganzes grosses Vernoor^en fuor diese ^ruendung^
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reopfort, und dor Owenlsaua wnr In Bneland so atnrk geworden, wie der Fourlerisrauo und ualnt-nirconlanua In "^rnnkrelch./und ullon drol Doktrinen w«r die Idee ^reneinaam go^'oeen, d -as die Hcmoaie der Interennen nicht zu/ erreichen sei auf den libernlen l,'oe, sondern »*<^ auf den ur.rre kehrten: nicht öuroh freie Jlfoncurronz und privates Elpontiirip sonriern nur durch ein irgendwie "sozietoores^, -ifozlnles^^ ^kooperatlvos*»^ "C^rantlr tischest Systeru Und schon danelc waren 2v/el Vif orte auf^^elconnen, die von nun nb Icscier mehr Cuer Ideen dieser Art vr^r'^'enclet zu worden begannen, — die V/orte ''sozialistisch'» und •*icornunintinch'»# Nionand, der nich dor zwei \iorte bediente^ wusste, vroher sie rwy^it.Qn wr^ren^ 3io \/f»ren eines Taces ciinfach da- gerfesen. Erst ein Jahrhundert spr^eter wird ^uycih cvxwrv'llQh^ iFor^
schunr emittel^ yFordon^ d^as sie zun ersten
Im November 1827
von Robert Oijen^s Zeitschrift benutzt v'orden waren. fDii mül llö
hatte dps Blett ni'nl/ujdi'uek ge-
pi'fiurtf ^\^e Söcinlists or Coiiiriunists»^*)/^VVer Ir'iaer von nun ab die
1 Worte vor^tii!un ^>iidi \\^c\ r>ich einer IIint',r3L<vfwrfrigi ^inft des
^briknnten und Million^iers von N w Lanark bedienen*
Aber von dieser ers^äm Welle sozielistiv^cher Doktrinen waren
Ufich Deutshhland nur schwache Ausl^eufer ßej
« V%4 I
Ldrimcen, und euch
In Knplnnv^ und Frankreich selbst wer das Interesse u: 1G30 wieder abp^eflnut* TInleu??:b *r v: r r^ino gewisse Wendung zur Besseren 2H!ic t n i^nii i^H" ein^^e trete n# Die Loehne hatten endlich doch eine Tendenz zu*. Stei-^en ipezeigt» rinc^esten« i.i En:jland hatte ueberdies
V-e^-cX^/et^,
c
^) Werner SÖcibart: Der prolotaris
he Sozia lisnus, Tai.I^J^^
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4*8 Perlanont elngogrlffon, obwohl das der strikt liberalen Theorie wld- rsprach« Dpa erste "rnbrlk-aesetz«» hp.tte/^iittechst einraal 44e ^f^ir Kindor»Arbelt7\dR8 abacheulichate dt r üebol^ «Inzusc hr?ionkon begon- nen, un(! die Arbeiter selbst hatten ihr© Hoffnun;: zunohnend auf die Oesetz^obunp konaentrlort, Ein^ nou^ Wahl" ^ hegte, die Amen zu den Urnen zulaasen wuerde, war d?e h ^ChnrtloÄ", d<ig> ^mtor d -n Arboltemrinr.er nehr Anhpenf^or) P'svfflnn^ //Unr? anr^roraelts wrrpn die neuen Gesellschrfts-Doktrinen alliTwehlich
onltricrV worden. Die Modell-Grunndunrcn Owenrfȧ hotten
schlecht funktioniert. Die porallel-^n bewepunr'en in Frnnkreich waren rnehr und nohr zu ^uüiiuuUuf U*4 reli^iof seh Schwnerrioreien entartet, feuglei« wnp von nolnoH TTüiBliJwltMjiin bu ninoa aouen Bf-
Die Veraarmlun<^en der Fourleristen hotten sich in CiUGSfcrOottesd ; nste *er\7an4elt, in denonVlIycinen wie die reaun/^en wurc!en>
C
»otr
ylmlHiigö yMjjiL
e brult yannonce un sauvour^ un
unq/ere
sl^ f^nd Yolxjarms crie avec bonte
rövnil^ apportez uno piorre
Ausdruecferllch hatten die Salnt-Slnoniaton sich noch dem
Tode ihres * eistoro als eine neue Kirche konstituiert* Seine
zwe
1 Ju n£:er Bezard und Snfantln waren als »»Peres Suprenes** dieser Kirche eln^^^setzt worden. Sic hritton vorlcu^nif-t: »»Die Welt erwnrtete einen Kettar — Saint Slnon erschien. Saint Sl'non hf^t Moses und
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86 Jesus zusarjnen^efnsst«». Ra tionalistiache Oeister hatten fuer ein Jahrzehnt Ihr Interesse obgewandt von sozialistischen Doktrinen, WUO ober, entfesselt von den Anprall der neuen, virulenten frnnzoes Ischen Buechar, war/ ploetzlich eine zweite Welle d Interenses nufpeanhaeunt — unc^ diesmal war die Welle auch ueber den Rhoin hinuebergeschlagen. Die Clique des Doktorkluhj fln Berlin v/arM- sclilechterdincs aus aller Balance von ihr gev/orf en worden. Eine Art von rebeln- cher^ Veitstanz von dai.^ihre Aufgeregtheiten in der "Rheinir-'chen ^eitunp:«» /noch des mildette üyriptoin vmi-en ' h
^/Plootzlich hatten sie sich einen neuen Hanen zugelegt: "Die Freien", und unter der Fxiehrunß des Licentiaten i^tiuer und ein^^s /j-ev/issen k'eye^ wandten "die Froien" ihre Intelligenz der Aufgabe zu^die Buerger von x^erlin zu aerfrern. Der eherialipe Staran- tisch von Philosophen verwandelte eich in eiao4c'Mne von karn^va-
listisi'hen Provokateuren. Sie zogen in grotesken Bettel-Aufzuegen zugunsten der Armen dur -h die Stadt. Sie veranstalteten Tumulte und Zusarmrienstoesse in Theatern, in Ijfaffees, soi-ar in Bordellen. Als sie die koestliche Idee hatten, dem Pri'^^ster, der einen der ihren traute, statt der Trauringe^i zweiWerschlussringe einer Geld- Ratze zu upberreichen und die schallende ErtelüÄCun^^hinzuzufuegen, da sei fur-r eine kirchliche ^eresionie gerade das richtige Syrabol, erregte der Skandal die ganze S'a dt^ütoinit knapper Not entwischten sie dorn Zugriff de-ij Äerichttf, Die solideren Doctores Koeppon und Rüge zof-en sich vollstn endig aus dou Kreis zuruock, und ihre Briefe machten es Marr klar genug, dnss die Clique nicht raehr ganz richtig im Kopf sein koenne. Wenn e*« von (*«n Schwierigkeiten der "Rheinischen
Zeitung" we^-en beitraegen ihrer B rliner Mitarbeiter hoerte, waren
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seine Synpnthlon ohor nuf (^or üolto dos ^ionsoro«
Abor 3chwlorlf?knlton blieben ouch nicht nue, nla er oolbor endlich znr *e(lcr f:rlff.//3ein Junf^forn-Artlkel 1- r-l 1^4^ '.^idrioto olch noch olnnnl d<Tti bor^^lts nntlqulerton Thonn don koonl-llchon 2ierisur-?idll:tn# Er vnr nicht v/enl-^or srenkln'h nnch ollon nolton^
« •
alo 003 Hlntt es rroAohnholtannonnl.T 'vnr, unfl dlo He/^lorunr doo Koo- «Irn wtii'de rundhoroun ein "Gr^v/oltrorl^T^" fonnnnt. Aber fu«)r poli- tln ho Thoron hotte Ans ^m-ml renlrie Tolornn:'. vor(-oschrlobon, imd der Artikel ■nonrlörto.'/S'chon Oor awolte) f. .TuftA^ ppnnlcrto nicht. Auch dl^ißcr nahm sich ein nntlqui.orteo Thcno vor» ,^cnon "^oclncr
^32 zi: olncr •'VertolcÜnunr öoo Kornipß von P^cagson'^ Inspiriert hrttc* rit olnlren ZvY.ro.n Vor- spoetunr: V'-'rtcldl.'^to auch 8oln Sohn Jot :t ^'.on PToonlc — r^or nlt Arruronton, dlo nicht ncren den /^oelnc4 CleroE, nonilcrn /'crcn dlo i^ellrlon roricht-^t vnren« Ela Toiirnlor fi:or den Kocnlf nlt r'er Lanze der .•thfln''uc zu fuchr'.n, ochlcn .:Tcr. jun^on A':tj/or eine nl- chcre KorjMn':;tlon. Dnrctt v.orflon <!le Kscl von lionsorcn v/oh: loo ocdnl, dfichte er ft»'-«44^ — <'^onn nech vfio vor v.-r nll nein/ Trnchtcn ^kruf
fjcrlchtet, "den Atheisr.uo untern Volk zu brlncen."*) "::oe,?cn ello Bnrol fleh uri ton nlton Herrcott ochnren un*?. or sich ^olb^r cn.'ödlr! sein", beschrieb der bevnindernde Assessor J'inr u: öIoüo ^oit coinon Autor, "I-irrx v;lrd Ihn powlos aun oelnon IIl'j:cl hlnnucschrolnson und Ihn obnndroin noch olnon Prozess an den Ilßln h^onr'on," -♦)//Abor
n. - £"•
)
Kr>rl y^.rsTX\ Brief an Rure v. 30. Hovonber \?U2. i-<wtTninr Gonontauo. -— nnbo 1!.TQ^.^ Abtellunr, Kn^wi 1» i^v/oitor iwlbwad, ^. 2>..5
♦♦) I
>Jbld. f. 261, Brief von c.oorr- Jun^ cn »uco
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I
der ZiOTiBOT erwies aich nloht olo v;ehrloo# Lieber nlo den Koeniß mit athoffiitischen Arßuiionton vorteiclißen zu Insson, lioao er ihn cor nicht verteidicen. Er hielt oich nicht dnboi auf, oinzelno Pasoa^ Ron zu streichen I sondern verbot dns nonze Dinr# Und ein notier Kon- flikt köEii ßlo Wprx iiu Außust einen weiteren Beitrag schriob| der einen Absc^fiitt fjoßen die Eho^ die rolicioose, öaifrnr.ontolo Bheg enthioltt Veto des ^enoore repen den Abecynitt ueber die Ehe#
Aber es pab fuer den /teneov koinon Dr. Kr.rl Urne« Hoch den Brruch der ^elt trugen dio Beltrao^e clor "Rholnln hen Zoltunc" keine Vftrfosf-er-Nnnen, Weler dlo i>ohoerde, noch dns Publikum vmaste, von v/etn dies und von v.om Jones rescJiriebon wpr./JFuor dns l'ublllcun v/or dns Blfitt olno einzige Tasse von ßl dchriöossic fjooolu-aubton, auo- gekluerelton, unv^rntfionfülch'.n^^^rio Hin cl^^ic^-f'OOslR Inn^^'/ollls rttrsrtrtww' ren . Ä<K jn der Tat hatte das Cooinor Publikum
sichtlich koln Verlangen nnch dem atoff, don
un
». »« « 4' I I •.#.«• <* I
(: ^
doR Blßtt ihn finbot» In nounton f'onnt solnor Existenz staßniorte
«
der Absatz noch irnnr bei rund 800 Exonploron, v<rr:lichon nlt den BOOO dor Koelnisohen Leitung, und dn.'^ Kap i tnl zohrto yich ollmcoh- lieh ouf./lund obonsowonlß hiitt© die Obrißkcit c>eloronheit und Anlooo, in den Inhnlt dos Blpttos zu differenzloren. Alles darin sohlen vor: ßlolchen ^oiot und Stil. Offenkundiß hatten allo, die dr^fuer schrie« ben, dio ff»«*«^«y^w«>i"*>-f glolcho, boslv;ft bUsphemls ho Geslnnunc» die sie olnfpch nicVtt in Zaune haiton konnten. Und Rleichr-oeosie In ftllen Sr^nlton nanifostlorte sich ein unuoberv/indbnror Horror vor .1«nem "ornsten, ruhlpon und v/uordieen TonJ, in don selbst Kri- tik und Opposition fnat anstandslos c^euobt v/erdon konnton. Der owice
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Zusatz von Ueberheblichkeit, üaenkischkeit, Hohn und Verde echt ißun^^
^.g Arleubtonto py ovoteanfri Die Stinnunif^ dei Behoerden fOfon
mechte dß
vmrde ßtaendip; schlochter* Sie wurde vors 'hnerft durch das Gefuehl, betropien worden zu sein, Unbestreitber war des nicht
das Blatt, das die Kpufleute bocyohyi
hatten^
'^'- V'
Intellektuell'
E!Jj?UUllb
rl1fi nh-j^-^Oflr^^it. v.niT*rl
Zweifel bep:annen^ aufzusteif^en, ob nach dori Ablauf des Pro^^elnhrefl die definitive Konzession p:ep;ebon \/e den v/uorde» IvTnrx pj-^lbst, hoi seinen kurzen Abstechern nanh j^oeln, sap;te den besorßüten Assessoren: M^nn Ihr so toeriaht v/eitorr-iadi t v/ie bisher, v^ordet Ihr sin «lioher nicht bekor-inenl In snlnor Darstellung war allein die Clique der Berliner Mitarbeiter schuld — ^die Berliner Windbeutel, die ^oborbnunt an nichts denken als an ihre Cliqucnr^G- srhicht^n^i und ••dir^ sich p:ev7oehnt haben, die Riieinis he Zeitung ein ibr willenloses Orp'an zu betrachtent»* Sie muessen verhinc ert werden, noch v/oiter ♦♦in alter V/eise ihr Wasser in das Blatt abzu- schlapren*»»*) Aber dazu, fuogte er hinzu, wird •♦der naenzlich inpo- tonte Rutonb<^re"**) v;ohl zu hilf los und ^r^Iw« un*| untfilGiitiort sein. Die Assessoren wiegten besorgt die Koepfe,
Und eines VaP'es erhielt Marx eine Aufforrierune, sofort nach f^oeln zu konmen. !^tfi /jls er kam, InforF.ierten ihn die A«f5es3oron, dess (1.^s VVsrnunrs-Sir-nnl nb^^efeuert worden sei. Die kof^ie.i ung; hatte
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firlHf nn Ruffe 30. 4<ovember U'4g» I.iQoknuor^^n'T»fttta^=clia, . Krste Abtollunp, bpnd 1, Zv."^iter Ilalbbpnd, ^. ?-5 of nn Kurte 9. Jul 1 TR/..?-,
^ >«r
■j ly<^^
s.^
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der Seitun^' bedeutet, dass sie auf die endgueltijT'ie ivonzession nicht rechnen koenne, \iena nicht waehrend den restlichen Probejahres ihr ' Iniaalt und ütil sich sehr wesentlich aenderteni besonders rio irre- lipiioese/ Tendenz« Und bestimmt v/erde die Konzession nicht erteilt worc'en, falls die Iieitun« der Hedaktion in der Hand des Dr« Rutenberr; bleibe -- denn ihn^ den^ entlassenen Lehrer von Cadettencorps, hlol» die Hepierunp: •ias* len boesen Geist • Itrrrn jff^^s hielt d-r Dr# Marx davon?// Vms er davon hielt, w^r sehr einfRchj selbstvor^toendlich das tun, was notwendig ist, ura das Blatt in den sicheren liafen zu steaernl Hut mberp;| wie es verinnnt ist/, hinauswerf onl Die 2iei- . tnxir so faehren, dass die Konflikte mit der ReRierunif; aufhoerent |Und er vrurde einem Ausschuss der Besitzer vorgestellt« Sie haetten, sagten sie, die Talente des Jun^^en Doktors empfohlen bokorinen«
Fu^hle er sich faehi^^ und willens, die Zeitung ouf die Schienen
2
zurueckzureissen, rtle urspruenp:lich beabslohtipit p;ewesen v;nren^
und diu lüjr py üü \JUJiiK liinec.uhaltf'.n wor» cn ouisnj Ja, c/cr j nn^^
fur-hlte sich dazu fnehip; und willens* Die Herren zof^en sich
zurueck* Kin paar Studen stjaeter v/ar er als Chef-Redakteur der iiei- tunr' anfrestellt»
Dies war ein lap: den Crluwckes fuer Karl Ivlar::^ | ' n.n. rwlneok»
Ji'j hat^e^ unfi doi» plufankli
11 yr Jy UaI^^ä
vyird^ In oer ilitto seines fu'^^ndundzv/anzißsten Jahres naute er seine
er^te Stellung — und in eine« v iii/.i^vm dprunr; w^r es
aio
c
Stellung eines Chefs l Bein litorriri' ches Ujig jouranlistii. hü3 oeuvre bis ::u diesem Tar bestf.nd aus vier Artikeln fucr die Rheinische iieitunr unn zweien fuer die Zeitschrift des Dokfor Ru^^e — und ihn
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hntte ran poholt^ ir*: nin hlntt zu loitenl Sein unerreichbarer TA^w v/nohronc^ all der Jnhre vvnr <Uo Verf ^^cunr ticbor ciuo klci-
tlk^ oCov (Ins ^Archiv clo3 AtUolmus^ — uiicl nuii viirfucnto or uobor eino TQren:3oltun^*l//.'olohf3 Ausoichtonlf^.eic:*a' unirjijijt.iunf^ fuor
ihril
J-x*-*
'I _ I _ u tn "ifni" lu r
7r i^ii.-.!! I .i . iiiiiü
4.on /
. ♦ "' ■
orrna'-n;; wnyy Ec \;^>r koin») fiethorfjie rjctir in llUTit liln Keunch von
Aktlvltet or<^7*lfl' ihn* Hier \:ctT or aud xilor \/uer(ie or bleiben«
ff
Ql:;ir vuj ■■i.üi.ts t>.Jii i mj^^^tourtf' Iji ^ljüI.]' {i.Lbj muiu m^'v" L.r ^' yrf v/uerde er vorn ich ti^'Tp aeberle/:en \il\(] rit ntnrkcr Smt Keust in nichore
Kr cr^i'irioV
T^
'^■■i.itz.r.'V äio AntAvort, 4io nn ülo i^ecio-^
run^' zu richten wnr^ — oino ':5benf'0 iraordlpto wie oohraiccisci.e Ant- %rort# !^r «chrltvbt ^nse- diu ^eloruag fcoia juristi3 noe liecht bobo, dl3 KntiV^rnin.^ 'rlnDs nedrk/burc ?u vorlnnr^orip •• nlchtr-'entovrcnl* rer v;^r e cier Drt utcnber,? ontfr;rnt werOen^ 3r 8^\^Tio^| dncs in Siechen r^or Rclir-ion '*es iln loichtes fuer una woero, ioccn un- serer A^pruocho diu:'ch '^ehalicho unc? stRorkoro AuGdruecko olnr s prf:usüi3c:hen fCoenirn, i^^ricfirich den Orosneni zu ''Oo'rcn^ -• nlchto- defc'toiveriircr v/or(!c dnn nintt von nun nt ^noo/?llohnt von nllon kirchlichen uni rollrioencn Oeronstreaden Abntßnd nchr rn^ oo\;olt nir^ht nm^ero /ioltunron und die r> )litio "lion Vor^neltalcsc selbr.t eino Uezurnnhne auf dioaelbon notv.onc-i^ rr^hont'yTJnO er llocs ninht unorwuehnt die ordion^te um •'^en prouoiilc^^lion 3tcat| die
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sich dio Rholnlache ieltimr enhon v/- ehrend ihres kuraon Lc?tc!icn3 G^«■;or^on hfibo. I'nnor eol öec PlnttV^^f^^n enti-prcunrlr ho Pcntro- • bunrnn" Piifnotretcn» TTjionnund I.Ich hnVe es "ruf Cic. norddcutr; he IlsnennRlinrt hlnco^vlcann, In Crcreneatz zu ('er OVorflrochllohkelt nicht nur iV,r fr-nzoisi'^chen, ?onc-.ern ?uch <^.er gucddout:' ! en Thoo-»
l
Ooi.-.l^ Uii(' r'*<^t;'=jntantisrhon Geirrt ia 'io Mlu:lnprovlni olnzufuchron,"*)
tJnf' nnc.h(<G'. er flies '-esrnrloicn hntte, np.cht© er rivii in Cic /rleit.
Df.s o^^tOp v;r.3 ihr. untor die Hr^onde krin^ orlnriorto ihn Aeran^
dQ«-;n 0J5 untrer der. Mshor^'-en Ref:lmü niolir. nur clo )in,':o i:o.",oteG hntto,
dio dio ■"orjtoru/iC v/ll-'l r,Q';iRcht licituori, soir'ern dmoV-cn ruch u')ch
dO^i novslalintifj'he'jf Ir.mrri.'i 'l-!.- ' '"rllii"?. ' .l.uIVfH'. -l^ r:inc ..oi?unc
in .\u<^lurG^ cie nncocöhenato in chMitnchor Sprrjcho, c!lo;ciii£^c^ iTucr
lierlchte welc* 6 der gro^po ^^oine solne bov/unciorten uxixtn nun J^crlc nchriob^
wnr
4 > /> i"!. -
o-'hoTf^ r^.'l*. Llll'.'Uiij' rh}\\jiilkr.l^ von fien Jjwv^:n l l.llo-
öop! on r.tt.'^okii^rt \nrCen. Jolzt hetto ßio eich
hitto drs rhncnor.-jn clnoc iJlnttfjö in Cooln ironiciort^ In dori die
Sorhnchon einlr-or roicher Frnilion sich otif ITootca der vnetorlichen
Derü:r:utlUi^on r.it korj-iunlstiörhoii Snoünriüs die ?^olt vertrieben*
/Dr^s iBir t-f^rx rürodc \.lllko:;!i0ru Dms .^^nb Üir: Tele orJ.oit, 30f i: t
Dit f'^hrrfon Bencn nu::h den sozialintin hcü Sr:hutt ouu doi: Ilnuü
^^ sich
zu fe'^en#/:> sehr lob, dnns die Aufioburror Kollo-^ln selbst nlciit
nar viol hoeufirert sonlern noint nah i elfaolllr^j^ nit dcii Kon-
nunlsnus boncheeftlpt hnbo. Dio Rholnir- he .ieltunr dnr;G/''cn hob©
von d 100*^11 Din'^on Inner nur rog^roohieni "un d^n Ko: nurilsnun in
(^
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*) Kf>rl *' prx: Antwort bq den Oborprnooif onton d# -i;^Htf*r ^/030IitQa3r^^G, -*rnto AhtolluriT^i Dnnci 1,
!ihoinr)rovinzp ron^ ^v/oittjr .43lbbond ^•281
— WMiiiiiiia • <-!■
o
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o
93 seiner rnnzon unriowaso henen Nacktiioit den lutllkui. vorzus tollen," Wer koenne beotreiten, d sa dfis notv/endlß aol? Gerade die Ideen und Tlioorlue^ des roniaunlaiaus sind "die elßentliche GefnJir"» »Auf *^ froktlache Vorsucho, und ooien es Voreuch© In r.asoe, kenn nan mit Kmon^^n antworten, ^^or Ideen, die unaoro Intel! igcnz boeloGon, die unaere -eslnnunf erobern, dns alnd die Fetten, dennn rinn alch nicht entrelast." Die Iheinlarhe äcitunr*, erklacLte or, sei voll» komnen teruhirt daruebor, dass "die unleur:b(>re Colllslon zwishhen den Nlchtbeoltzendon tind d«^r l'lttolklnssG eich auf friedlichen weßo looaennlrd." Sie k^nn^den kornuniat Lachen Ideon "nicht elnrial theoretia- ho ' irkllohkoit zur-eotehen, also noch wonlper Ihre prok- tlnche Verv/lrkllchunr vmonr^rthen o er auch nur fuer noeclich halton," Aber uri dao Dlnr un; choedllch zu. nechon, nusa man eo v/lderlegen und ontlrrvon. Und er kuendicte an, dnos die ieitunn <ie:,Jicoch6t " dlase Ideen einer er endlichen Kritik unterworfen nlrd",*)y/Er wir sehr froh, daso er dioao ^ache schon am ersten Taß hatte erlo- diron koennen« Und or boschlooa, alch ueber die Ideon, denen or den Journrllstischon Kriopj erklnert hotto, zu lnfomloron# Er wird die unrewascheno hlterntur^ von 3'roudhon ^bv/nort8| In Cen noochnton Wdchen zu lenen beglnnen# In diosr^n .-urcnblick hnttc v^r noch nichts devon /^elesen«
Abor daß v/nr nln nebenbei» Wichtigeres w r zu tun» Rutenberf! v^rr zu ont asson» Das war polhllch^ denn er wer ein nl^Cr Fround» Olueckllchorv/else vnirde es erlolohtert dadurch^ d^iss Rutonbe^r^ sich schlecht benahm» Kr nannto Marx olnen Oppor- tunlsten» Er boschuldlßte Ihn, un er nchaebl^-on zwoolf Silber-
Kerl Mom der Konnunisnixs er AufToburror Allccnolnon Zeltunc« litoöirrm^ Gesanteus^abe, Erste Abtcllunr, Band 1, Erster Ilalbband, p. 262
V
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94 llnre einer Stellung willen die hoilicen Prlnsaiplon ^ ■■ woloho-
I^rinalpioa? mJ verraten zu hnben. Er gebe erdete sie;., v/lo R!crx an Ruße schrieb, als "ein noueitl'fiertyror, der schon In Physlofrnanle, ünltxinp: und Sprache dns Mnrtyrerbev/uostseln mit Vlrtuooltaet darzu- atellon weiss.** Er '•beutet diese OoLrenhelt ouo und schreibt an alle Welt, er sol dns elillerte Prinzip dor Rheinischen Geltung, dlft *»inft nndro stelluH'- zur Reßlerunp: ontrlert hebe."*) D1«j Hui" '
, dlt!; AuBl)HUtmi{'
iholt| die V "'fV nrhtlciing wer mehr alo *^p.rx olch bieten Inenen
musste und pIs a In Rutor Geachnack ertra^ron konnte» Sr hielt sein r- seltB nicht nehr zurueck mit «^or Aufkloorunc» dasa autonberg nichts anderen zun Opfer cefallen oel als seiaer krnsoen l!ln(.envertlekclt, seinen •»p-nenzlichen Mnncel an Kritik, Sell)ststaendlßkelt und Feehic- koit**« •*Seine Toetirkolt bestand houptsaochllch li) Intorpunktioroh«****) Die intind^^f Freunds hRft, die noch vor drei «^nhren rehortfecht
■^hnft» Es wer dlo orste Anv giftip:on Felndsrhafterii In die sich von nun ab waohrend einen oXaron Lobona so gut v;lo nllo Freund«
w
'schpften Korl r'^rren^s Inner v/lodor verwon^leln v/ rden#
Aber die "^Jolnds hrift Rutenborr» hatte dos Gute, daes sie auch die Ausschiff un-^r der endoron el/tcn JJroun<:e, der Rcrllner Windbeutel, erleichterte und b' n-hleunipte. Der entlassene Rednk- teur fuhr nach •^orlln zurueck. Er ochilderte dem Licontieten Dnuor und d%Doktor Meye:^ und all den andoron lAltarbci/torn dor Zeitung
r«f - /CT
♦) Knrl Marx» Brief an Ruf:e v. 3C. Novonter 1842, Wookottar Mprx^aus«
Pebe, Krste Abteilunr» Bandl, Z,v;eitor Jlelbband p. 285 *♦) ibid. .
95
<'
C'
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o
^.^.
die felonlc den ehemalip;en ji^affeehaus-Kiirapanejff« Eljie Aufreßunp; brßch unter den ••Freien? aus. Sie konstituierten ciich als eine Art von ideolof^ische«|Ä FehiaeKericht, und verlangten drohend Re* chens haft /uur 'IHH» "xuis auc^iy 9^ Marxe>na V^fra^ an der '^giohe naujitHul So brauchte er nicht schonend zu verfahren^ Er sprang ihnen anj^ die Gurp^eLz/Er schrieb ihnen, dass sio l:^er aufhoeren sollten, dem Blatt noch v/oiter ♦•haufenv/eipe weltumv/aelzungsschv/angere und gedakenlose Sudeleien in saloppem Shil^ mit etv/ns Atheisnius und Komriunismus versetzt, zuzusenden.** Bei ihm wuerden sie koinoa> ErfulM luelu hHbHii| mit •'dem vagen Raesonnenent, den gross kl ingennen
!
Phras^n^
T!ttnrtf^üTHH±i4f«e«-
Unter ihm werde
ihnen •»das Einschmu^reln ko- munir-tischer und sozirilisticnher Dog- men in beilaeufige Theaterkritiken usw.** — das or**unsittlich'»
nannte — nicht mehr p:elingen«*) Er kuendete ihnen an, dass er
er; als Chefredakteur unbarmherzifj^in ihron I-lanuskripten streichen
v/erde als ir'^onu ein Zensor. Und als von i^erlin mit eirerti "inso-
lenten Brief repliziert wurde, hatte ocino Eiipoei'unc; uobor wdjo.
onhroolcliohe Dlti'ilKuil, lllö Alöht l)y^lulJ'fr]| dass i;ian, um ein poli-
tisc^hes Organ zu retten, einige berliner Windbeuteleien preisgeben
2 musn''^ |ie üiun^u üiieluhb^ Er distanzierte die ^eitunp* oeffent-
lieh von den •^Freien»«, die bis gestern das halbe Blatt geschrie- '
ben hatten. Eine Erklaerunr auf der ersten Seit teonohuldigto ciow
duyoh ihre^politisohe Romantik, CJeniesucht und ügxauaMjai Remiomage»***)
*) K^rl Marx; Brief >f an Rüge vom 30 • November I842. MooLgauor Gesa-nt-
*4^
)
ausgäbe,
Erste Abteilung, Band 1, Zweiter ^albband, p# 285
fH*3rf-Ausgabe, EiRte Abte;ilung, Band 1, Erster -^albband
p. 309
96
-h
/ )
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"I ulti;,iuüi Und dps wir <lör Bruch« Auch ior »Ite i- round iJRuer und d«r nost doo «hePiollgon Dokto.klubn v;oren t-x<^7 imrjor zu Felüron eewor'on,
- . •
Aber dufl iA«ua wnr ßesooubert und Jetzt nua^^t« pIIop ^„t '«chon Sor-r die Leaor o-hiencn nich ondlich einzustellen, aofort/ rrohdem In cer 3t«rit Trof-^nnt rov;ordon v/nr, dooo lle iiecolrun«'. <"er Z-oltai" Irreaa oin Uloimotun roatollt h»>4^, v;nr (?lo A.urin.'^D nuf If^OO ßo- 8->ruiiron. üit etv/os Optinionus koj.nte der Chefrednktour «omr clru- bon, dnfiö uaa puf s«inc Arbelt zuruockxufuohrr^n aei. ^rr-r-rrtTTürr
it' ...I in. i.iiiu-ti. ';!ii.TmMtJ.iii|p||i[)| pf^^ ^. p,^j ■ „ ■i-i , .jj |;i ^
.-. X* ,^. "JL'
■iiil iJ:ier»vaodllch ociirioc und r©dirlerto unfl korrlficrto riorx» Llt vo'.lun «uoren »xeuoos or die ^-Hueutunf-, <Uf» von A^r^. Ant olr.e« ^eltuncijchofs ruRetrahlt; von > en ve treulichen Confrronz-n imd In- fori-ationeii; on ^-eauchon pproaser und klelnor i:^oltrcnoi^ren,* 'on ankor.-enren und obpehoncon ürinfen» LT en/'r^P-lprto ?l'h nlnon Stell- vortrot r, Carl iioinzcn, d-r ST)t.et-r, nla Redoktenr deut rher Liel- tun/>cn in How York und Clnclnncttl, aolnon C^of von dG:\' Ic bec^ohrei- ben ui.'d./iKloine BohwaePhtlfTo Gestalt. Kohl'icbv/vrsos Ilaar. GoUli- eher Tolnt. Dio ätirn nicht ho<Mi. Dio Ohren abntohonö. "^Iv Jljtju Dln .'Icko .iMtorllroc olnon hair.ln ^oU uobor dio Oberlippe hinaus- . ra^' nt?. "In en klflnon, dunklen, kui'üsichtlren Au :i spio^lt© ein QUA ^clflt unr> hoohr it .'^oir.ia; htea Feuer."*/) We;in or les, laussto
*4>
) Crrl Ilojnzea; ••Lrlebtos»», Boaton 1^64^^^, ^?3
1» -i! itoeg i*iill)l...na
i
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97
er "(ilo kurzslohtlr'on /\ui7c^n tief our öle /.oitunr^ clruecffMi.^' Aior es T^uan .Toaa-^t v;orcien, ^or^s Horrn llelr.'zon Ttü^ dc^ t-^rlichon
In ncinon l:rinnrinin/?:orV vrirO. er or.^^eJileni drcn r clv^a Doktor üaiTZ : clo oinon vnrMusffond s^^h^^rfoi .nlf:;cn Kopf Icomion rcl*;rn: htle, ö^o?* '^uc?! nl'? '-»Iri'^n urj!uv rlresclr^n Kc:ointcn anc! Itu c— *rl:' hnn IntviPTin'en** •• ^'suc'it vinriere nur usrJi^.mV^n^' •- *'fa::t Liehr noch alr vo'^. olponnn Eh? f^eis von Hoid .:iji]-:ii/ rrfjiAio L-?ii;tiLir n behorrsohtt^^ f,- ^1 "r.^ ^^ftfi'-il den Utollvortracr dlo Ircurle G-inoc Clicfc an o^-^-
ter l ei:it
r*n^-^' 'V^ n ' " '^- T'^^''^ Tm); ' ;-; "•'" *,'----*-^- >- \\
\ % ^ V « 4 ttk * ■ «•« «V » <
=i^^=£
^# .—
u tM ,-.i'jj 1 j Tod n AJbtnd v/uide Kiö£::CK±3Cfc Li Viirtshr.un >»^olcnn1,pS;'% and w^chrorr.^. eine Fl^ii'^he nach M>r naCoren nich Icorco, v/u^de i-ar:: nr^tu rlii'h uri«:^ frochlloh untl JovImI» v;ena )r joviol 'nu'ciöp iiif'chto or sich ^^ ou^l^ 'Inn nloiohon 3pnnr.« /ju ir-ondv/oL^i voa ricr r^rol* run-^e sarrt^; er plD^^ti'.lich: ^1A\ . ur^^^o Dich vorniai;tcnr', und v;^'^(?'^rholt'^' jlon 3?itL: T^ohnrrlir-h uiv' nna »olcrto sioJi luobiGlicii dnrv,ebnr#
TTieiu-fnd !:an-i rnponp^ \;io dr.e Lolon ilorl Lcrx' verL.ufün tree^Oi -* und noi on^öi| dio Uolti^esohichto — • v;enn allos oo co- r;r»n/?on voore^ v;iö *.v w« boobniclitic^tot ). .o ..L.oi."j qaij rüiTX-.;r '.yid
ü^.i' »if)lLf;ijtiL'hiül.ij.. ,fc'.oi 'löiit ^j'üuu uP von i o:? iilüuuf jvU,x. UiLadeuit» •
n\i\ M> ]\iT'lrr fic Bütiurl IVÜlTMlI .
rg ' 'ul'u fjU.i i i'Pg ^Jüi
oltnnnnii loJifeu ' Lini'jj"! hul v/enn er noino /jeitun^-^ v/iriclich^ v/io er 63 v;ollte, in den oloh-^ren ^fon 4W steuern ^hiinaoohti h('iQut>o9 E8 V7p.r Ih^i nicht ren-eV^en« :ip >.'unoto nlohl| Inoa t i ■ im r nnn1n1in1.h
r
V
c
ief i^uiluni'J hotte er die ^Ituiif* uobernomaen« Bis in den Dezember
alles gut gogangen, — bis hart vor Ablouf des ^robejchreo« Drs Blett hette nicht gespart «n- Kritik un<l Opposition, abor es wpr in den coso^zten Orenr.en ßeblioben. Der ^^nnor seibot hatte ncch iierlin frereldoti "In Vergleich zu f? ueheron rorlodon ist der Ton der Leitung ohne Zweifel bedeutend ruhiger rov.ordon«"*) Oonan In diesen Aufonblick verlor ^-arl Marx fuor einen '^ac die ^esinnunfr»
Jenr»nd kam und brachte Ihm ein jt'npier: den Entwurf eines neuen Ehesc^heiduncsgesetzcs, dos der Foenir" oriecblich zu erlessen piano, Wns er Ins, trieb Karx des Blut in den Kopf. Hier sah er, wie er einen ^wisnen ■Friedrich Engels spaeter oinoal erklf.ören wird, einen flagranten Beweis fuer die/ Absicht doa Koenlgs, "dos Chrintenttm wieder unnittclbsr in den Stent einzufuchron, die Oeoetze des Staates wieder mich den *-'oboten der biblischen lornl einzu- richten."** )Ji^«8 *apier v;or aus c!on -berliner Minlsteriur- entvondet. A>8S wer peinlich. AusRordom: ^«b-uH v.'l'kllL-h wlu« AV'ilcht
^r es nicht violleicht hur die persoonliche Phantasie
irrend eines ^oanten in lUnisteriun? Kinerl*A, die alte othc; Isti- sche Obsession gov/onn Gewalt uobor den Chefredakteur !'orx» Ausge- loercht Je er Oednnke on dos Probejahr und an sein Progrenta, "das Orpen zu retten". Er druckte des Ding. Er druckte es nit einen be- gleitenden Artikel, dessen Tendenz nicht zv/eifelhnft v-or. Es war *»t cüi^
yeln eklntfftiter Rueckfnll in die blespbenis he Vorranronhoit, «^cm-
' Jplizlert durch etv/ps Dokur.<»ntendiebstahl.
)
hM^'-B
a^A*w ^
**
)
sfToe, El»<^e Abteilung, Band 1, Erster Ilülbband, ^usptibe. Erste Abtellunr, Band 1, Erster lialbbond
I I
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Die fanpien also wiederjf an^ konstatierte der Oberpraesident und schrieb einen Bericht nn des rinisteriur- in Berlin. T naechßten ^binettsrat trup: der Minister die Anpielegenhelt vor* Jeine Ma* ^eötaet der Koenig, der den Vorsitz fuehrte, entschied^ dass er p:enuf: hebe von dieser Pest. Er bcfahljj doss er ••Hure an Rhein» dJe KoiizeBRion fuer ihr Gewerbe def^JiUlf zu ven'veifrern sei. An 21t Januar IB43, rund drei i.onate, nanhdem i'^ery zuTi Chef gewoüden wnr, wurde der Bescheid schriftlich nusgefertl^'-t. L it Huecksicht euf die Besitzer vnird« {>^n9donhplb«r p-entottet, dass die 2.eitunß, .
1onnn>^ "Xi muessf^n, noch bis xun Knüe des 7 l&rtelifaM^
Der Schlflp vr^r 7.erschr'etternr«r fn^r Kprl Lierx als alle frue- heren, Dieannl v/«r ihr nJcht nur eine Koffnu.ng ?.ersohlö^en, Dies- nßl ivnr etv/na zerschlagen, vrra er schon besessen ha tte. Von der Hoehe, die erreicht und f^eliebt hatte, v/io(icr obzuatdurzen Ins pure Nichts, war ein Gedonke, der sein Elut refrlcren machte./füad fast flr}\llf'jnor nocli w«r ein anderer Gedonke. 0, er nerkte put r;enuf^,
m
wfis ihra letr.t drohte. Es kuendipite sich an in deu feindseligen ^e- ne^Jnen der Besitzer, ala er die Katastrophe mit ihnen besprach, Se war klpr, desn sie in den Gnnden-ron'^t'^n versuchen vmercen, ir- gend ein KoinT»roini8s mit --'er Repie^ un^ zu treffen. Das i-Icminro- Tnias vniör.-3e au"f seine Kosten r^ehexi, Sie vmeroen ihn ruti/ nber^^en, des s°h er kOftPien« Das Blatt vnxerde bestehen, aber auf neinen Stuhl wuerde ein anderer p;esetzt w rdon. Um keinon Preis dasl Wenn «r anter'-ehf^n sollte, dann zusaranen mit dem Schiff, aber nicht alleinl/ür v rauchte die Besitzer zu ueb»3rzeu{^on, dess sie keines- falls etv'fs tun duerften, un das Or^an zu retten, Ihre Jihre als
100
aufrechte Llbr-relo und i'enokr^ton rebloto ihnen, .jetzt Cfir-Tektor zu zoiren un^ sloh nicht den Vorvmrf «4<*h Or.-norttunlnrus nrinzzuROt^^on» Äer hollir*^ J'''innlT>len fn öpr (Tevoltroriro -»rnnritfi. Kr ontYmrf eino/ ochncidönd polanl'if'.bHjif juLtiKKl l'ünvlf'.erun.'- t-n <tl'^ H©iw)^ioru!T:, die allor Verhnri'^nln utirooclich zu nrnt^^jn vr:rü'pT*)chmf'hr)r dio F-oni- t»er blie* PH flnnter. Sie ©rSnnnrton 'flr?rnii, wio c^/ir .iunro TJoktor selbst vor dr^i Tonnten rio^^eclot und pohsn^^elt hotte, ünc! cle hr:tton pGTiÜr von ollen Juncr^n Doctoron <^eT velt. Sie enpfinden r-l^h als die i-a?•iic!''^cn "^Irumn In dlegcr ö^nsen J.eitunr:r,reschichte# Sie het^on v/ohrli-üh nionnls Ciol,t f;bF0t;aen, niotnals als die rin^nziorn des ..tholn^iur. d«:itcho:i vol^ü nl X>-.'3 ''Rfs!" dor jun^ron Doctdros h^tt© sie rowl3--:onlrn nlr^nbri^uc'^t* " olcho Frochhc-it, Ihn.^n jct-'t, ZT:u-TUtcr- löt't, mc'i 7,u ^.r7.ri/3hlAn, f^rso nie nicht oiraial vornuchoa d.ßrftr»n, helbwgps pnntMcn'U^r giis -ler l-enchlrTht'^ hornur^sulco-i^-nrjn, '^ar)-,: ."e/lns twer'en -^l.^ e?« vnrsur'.-:enl. »3io e.itsondtr-.a olno Deputation nnrn Bor- lir, '11^ d^t Kofmlf in oln-^r Audlnnz den yall dnri^Jtollon und n5t eir.f3T3 l^'om^jroT-isB zunieckVor-ron s^lltn. '"'öltn Wul ur-bnr cUe .<»-* V<. i:.uli iui dor rolbritsue-^htlfT'jn Creldsoocko f;r?Ti''r Trarl nirs:«
Abp*r di*^ •'•fiisi^ r?cr •^ßputation blieb orfolglos. Der Koonl^ lehnte ee nb, die I'.orrftnuch nu3' zu (x*:pfen-/c'n« D<-s Blett v;'t v^r- urteilt, dft n-r nicht.", ohr zu cn^hen« Und in desi Auronblick, in der Qn.<iP:uoltifT fcntütand, ßeso -Ine Qrrrn nicht rehr -^u retten v;ar, 2^^*^^«^ hiittn '^' rr r---r in—n ''-^^-^-^^-^r^y^"^^ -^^W^.
Der Fall df:r Rheinischen iSeituai? hatte eine onn/artGto 3en- ßatlon in Cocln, in Preunren, In eilen d ;ut chen L-endcm renecht« Eine -ei tun'- vrnr, 30 schien es, verboten worden: tr\B hatte es lengo
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nicht rchr rtOi^el-en, — un<! wenn die ce^Cnm.^ ao hclsr^ip.llon^ gc« Y.-clttectlp rnrfuhr, Ap.nü, srlh^tv rrt»>©a''lich, rüu^ste d-*?» i'lett belcT>.'elloa kac-hn .'^ereaen rin; Inich.i'jr ein «^lle, ;He hcstah«n dir ften. 3o w-r rVo i-nirel^-rint'^ Cnel-r j? Blett u?»^pr ft-'^^t .-tiir Gj-rbol der (deutschen Der.otrntl- rer->r<3r-nl In 'c-r o-rfcntllchsn Pbentasie nalta slcih «ne "^cltun.- als dar olnsanf; 'Upfol ''.«votr ;tl' hör -• J-- ft und ionokr^itlr.lion Uerolsruc^ Ucr;'rell vr.ireo ucbcr die l!aor- tyrr r-^eitunff cesprochoii und ceschrioV.on« retillor.cvn zu üiicn Gun- stnji, von Ta'ison^e.i 'iiit'>rzeic.Iinüt, vur' '<ii an non Kocnle S~->canit, Eine Gloriole urid irfj'^eado lild«to sich U'. r'oa l>.v/^n der .ioiturie — aber clor nrj-.en d'ifi Ueuckteiirs blicl; In Du:i'':cln. 7<yn ilui vxiscte nl :■ !id.//jollt{; nlo! r.nd vor. Um v.'lö8Grr?
D'^r C)ie::red£l-.t;:ur .Mcrx iicchto n-einoiu Stell v-irtrot er lielaaon elnnn X^orD-hlrrc« Kr i^a^'t-tc üc-, d :ic or> - u. ]i"chor.c'w'ort ifLrrc, drJ3 Or-rn 3U rotten.IJlchtr. £:'•! dazu not-:o:u-lc, r.lr nllo öt^huld i n sei- nem ^''^^ '^'-"^ ^^* ^-'^^^ ollcln r/x'.U3ch loten. Dtian vmrca dio Rccio- ruv. sich lii« -i-'-"-' •o'-^Jis^l ^<5ß KGcit',ktcu:'a tucnuocoü. Dor Ccpltndn »©r'lo vGr;?scrb vcrdu-i, p.^-ur dar. Sciilff v.'..rr e orhf.lt-cü bif;Hcr-. «»Ich achlane Dir d shnlb vor. In U'Süüd r.iiit-ja Blatt, l:i 'lo. 'Jti Icorrcnpon- di':rc*, aii?oi!u?.n<3r.rsusöt7.on, dcss allej Cotaohi'licJic, vcc Li dar Rh: lal-'chen ^eltiini? «rs hionen ist, ßUOG-hliosslich auf rxino Peraon
ka^.nt.•^/1J^ld M!:rT bot, f,n, «^Q^^/^-"^- •^°-'*'^i2^*lc]?^^° ^^^'^ achrelbons SU -.Ts^pren, Tür s^^lbor wrd*. den ArtlkclVs-liroibcn, und irin fix xm^ fertig- nn TIeinzcn lloforn Jnclnzcn passto das Gnn:iO nicht. Aber er ap '.nta eln-n Joiirnrilloten/Jruoa, den CorrofliKin .cmtou oiuer Kann- hrlr:cT wcltunr, d^r euf den Plnn laoeflichenwlse oln-chon werde« •En vpehrte nicht achtkßo, de ers hlcn l:i dar lannholner AbenÄzeltunc
/•^-^
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der Gruen'sche Artikel, beinah Wort fuer Wort das enthaltend, was Marx Pilt in die Fe ier hatte floessen Y/ollen," Dem Publlkiim vnirde darin als der el?Tentliche>eln7,lRß ^eros des Dramas
SXff-msifi ^OJHl doi Aeilun^" 'i dor Chefredakteur Karl Marx vorge- stellt. Und auch sonst v/urdo viel ruohialichea von Uarx erzaehlt. Der Artikel verbreitete sich ueber "die seltene Vielseitigkeit seines Talents", seinen "scharfen, iacisiven Verstand", seine "wahr- haft bewundernswuerdige Dialektik", seine "perfi-dlplomatisrhe Manier. "♦) Vnö so lernte die Oeffentlichkeit den wahren Maertyrer des exorbitanten Coelner Ereignisses kennenj/und noch ein zweites Mal lernte "^ ihn kennen. Aju 1?. liluornj^reizchn Taße vor dem Schluso' datum*. Vf^roeff entliohte ünrx eine Erklaerunr;, dass er "unter den jetzigen KxxJExsxsbcx Zensurverheeltnissen" die Leitung- nicht mehr weiterfuehren koenne und sein Amt als Chefredakteur niederlege. Sein Amt, wie das Blatt, stand ohnehin vor den Ende. Seinen Ge- wissen drohten in den letzten zwei \.o«lion keine hnerteren Zuinu- tun^^f-n als vorher. Aber noch ninroal erfuhr das Publikuni von Karl Marx und der rigorosen Fi^tißkeit seines Charakters.
Die Le-^ende von der extreordinseren demokratischen RaÄika- lltset und Riporositnet dos Coelner Blattes und seines letzten Lei© ters wird ?ich ueber ein Johrhun* ert fortsetzen, yundeit Buonhum wti.i"le
■L»,''yud« Uiü ^irte yonhi^helt &inH5pliiiL'^ilf d gtii^etUa f^unUP' yui^ Die Tatsache, dass
dvupuh das
das Blatt nicht in Kampf fuer die Demokrat ie^ sondern bestenfalls
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usgabe.. Erste Abteilung;, Band 1, Zweiter Halbband,
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103 fuor ^en Athelanus frofallen w^r, wird verschleiert bloit>on» Vor-
achlßlort blelhen wird die 'J^ataeche, deso Jterx
DlflU
hon hwlb »nim
ottd LtctutAoa
30
f.uoh von t:au:^^'?nd emdcron hnottp q
un(i Jenej oelnor Wendunr^enjj
i'tiHJi RumiiuiiiJ df^ö Bruellen des sozi^listlschon Loe^>3n zu entdecken, v/ird die Tatsoche vers hleiort bleil ea, ücss cei'O'io er jor!© Spur von Sozinllgnus in der ^eitunr. or^.roäselto«//lliohta- dontmvonlrer wird l^rrx srlber nein frnnzea i*ebon lang d.ese -"Gf'.eiid© der Rhoini;;.^ hen ^eitunf: kultivieren J^^ — in clor Tat wird öor In- stinct fuor 'Ion Wat/von Leronc'en IrTior zu solnon ausfüopraeetcn Eiren'^'chnfton f^ehooren«
Jea^enfalls verliess der ges heiterte i.odakteur den Schau- platz seiner ITiederlßCO diesnal nicht ranz ohne ^'^eo^uivnlant. Die Aura eines Mf«©rtyrers folgte ilm — uno die üMffnge mit dor er einst an Rutenborft getadelt hatte, dass s r, '^ein neuer Ilaertyrer, schon in Physiognonio und üpitun^z und Sprscho das lleortyrorbe- wusstsoin mit Virtuositp et dr^rzus teilen weiss*», wandte or nicht fefcn nich selber an. Er gpb die draiiatiHChsten^Of^hw erzen ten Dcrstellunßen des Falles./ In seinen Gofuehlen Indessen wj^r wenig von der i'ildo eines i^eeinrrora» Br schaeunte, Br raste gep-en alles
una die Welt — rjergn dj^e "elenden. Bourgeois", gecton (:<jü «d««^
pTnm«^if>n, iA piim hyporr^»^, ^^ fi"« -nnrhnw^ In dor l/oinunc des Dt» Äuge w«r er Jetzt *von Hosb bosossen", «von Galle tollj« /
r'-rr-ftnnrr^fl, Br^*^-^" wn^mtn vnr^ lo- r-nl und ^ naa» 1fl/i^>
y^^'jcV /d<^^ , 3^e/^ecl,,e/ ^^ lofeMc^^/^^ , /i.Ssr
. I
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Chapter 5. ilio-cl dvt ^or^^xUiuuA I
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D' s ^pinzo Schlclcsal oinos Mens hen kann wnehrend v/oulf^er Monato p:esohrriiedet w- rden# So nreipnete ev. 3l^•h mit Karl I'nrx» Seine Episode als ^ei unr:9-Chef hotte 1 Pruehjahr IB43 p:eendet* Noch vor AbliRuf des Jahr^^s 1^44 v;nr allen f r-str'olep;t| v;r^s ilin wnehrend pieine?« ^^-rrlenwal lens zu flehen und zu enpfanren bestiimt war# V^aehrend dieser zvjpnzip: Ilona te vmrde das Creschoss Karl Ilarx zuBannenpesetzti reladon und ob{^es^^hossen» Von d^^ ab v/ird es nur noch seine nun deterninierte Parabel vollenden.
Ks begann mit .inen Brief, den der Dr# Arnolc* Kur'e empfinr» Mprx frapi^o ihn, ob r-r ih nichf eine Stellua: vorschaffen koenne, - eine Stellun/^-" in Ausland* In Preussen,^rsiÄ-Deuts':hland v/olLte er nicht laenrer bleiben.
Air» der Brief eintr.'^^f, hatte Rur^e selber seine Sor>:en# Ol-^ichzeltip mit aer Rhcini:^chon Zeitunp v/ar auch seine Zeit- schrift vt rurteilt worden, lieber die »♦Deutsr.hen Jnhrbue-her** Rure*s hatte dpr pj^oussische Koenir keine direkte Trcv/alt pehfibt. Drs Blatt erschien in Koenirreich ^eclis n# Aber er konnte es ruinie- ren dadurch, dass <=^r ihn die Einfu/hr nach Preusren sperrte. Und
o
das v;pr es, v/rs dnr Koenip von Preussenl ^Hl^ir tiniooll o I^orlinnr» Kfingolrodn pnJ peton hatte.ADer Grund v:f r v;ahrscheinlich auch in äie<^'er' Fall hruptsaechlich die Religion. Denn auch Rure hotte ueber die Jahre v'op beharrlich (in den» Athoisiius der ^Junr-Her:olia- ner** f estreholten, unö in der relativen S cherheit oav hs ns war s^in Blatt ruec'^sichtalos^ darin gewesen. Aber moer;lioherv7eise
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war /die Rellpiöii\ in 41oaaia Falle) nicht der einzir-e Crrund./Rufe war all sein Lebtor lang ein üoldat der Frfjilieit, d(ir Denokretie p;ev;esen. Er hatte seinen Enthusiasims dnfuer mit sechs Jahren in einer-' preussischon Gefaenfrnis bezahlt*. Dane oh vmr er vorsichtiger in seinen Pormuliorunren/ ßewordon« Abor in Sachsen war er gele- f:entlich wiener so weit /^er>anr;on| sich aijsdruocklich »»zur Demokrotie und ihren Zielen zu bekennen"» Zugutt^rletzt hatte er jenes Essay •♦Die Renction in Deutsnhlond*^ redruckt, drs no viel Aufsehen errert
hatte
i\i>n ■fn-rt.Q. hylht.1 ir>
Die Unterrichteten
wollten wissen, dass ^er Pseudonyme Vorfasper ein junp;or Russe sei, — ein russischer Adliror namens Michael Bökuninj — merkt Euch den Namenl, sagten die Unterrichteten^ Ihr verdot den Namen nicht zum letzten \\r\ /rehoert habenl Sie erzaehlten, dass der Junf!:e Bakunin erst Ranz ku'.rzlich ii Dout hland anpekomen sei, ange-
fuellt mit doutnrhf,^r i^erel* scher Philosophie« sie erzählten, dass er ein v/nhrer Koloss von einem Menachen sei; und dass er zur Zeit die literarischen Salons vo.i i^erlin und Dresden auf den Kopf stelle* Nun, der russls he Adlire Bakilnin hatte in Rupre's Blatt rund heraus die nahe Devolution in ganz Europa anpekuondi/rt, die ^^evolution der Freiheit, der Demokratie* ••All peoples/ and all i.en are füll of presentinents/* Everyone whose livinc orpians are not paralysed seos with tremblinr expactation the approach of the future v/hich
w
ill utter the c'ecisive word* Dark storm-clouds are /^^atherinfr;*
l 4
The air is sultry, it io haevy wlth stormt P^nt therefore we call to our Minded brothers: Repentl Repentt^**)
Das alles hat/ sich in elfenbeinernen Turm einer rein philo<
) E.H.Carr: Michael Bakunin^. 110
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sophischen Zieitschrift abpespiolt* Das r^rosse Publikuit v/usste nichts • davon. Auch dos Verr> hv/indon elnjr t^ olehon Zeitsohril't uachte nicht don Lr^em wie dns Vorsr-hvindon «ÖEq^er Taees-Zeitunf, in C )eln# Dexa Doktor Arnold Rupe blinhen von seinen Erlebnis nur die Sor^ren und Verluste, nicht die Glorie des de okrati; hen Kaertyrers^'^ber
«
er mr nicht oifersue "htif?;. Als dor Ju n/rere Freund an <\en nelteron ar>pei Uferte, >»JrP. der Anfnenpior ^^^ Jla, ae.'ij!i!iu oogypü latL-hop nuo Mnl^nn f\rt1"p/ln b-Ptinnfi| flB.n Autop Viiiil r Dieji'o u^i Illlfa lj;.iti| fuohlt^ Rufjo soine Vr^rantw ortunp: •- und hatte einen Einfallt Er hatte nirh rnhon vorher refrrrt ob (^v seine ♦»Jnhrbucoher^ nicht irren^v;o i • Aas .and neu rruenren solle» Jetzt frr^rte er slch^ v;ie es v;aere, wenn ^r en junron Marx dab^-i riitLiOchen lassen vnierde? Die Ider^ S' hien ihn gut* Der Junco Marx hotte unftefaehr seine ei^no denokrntis he Richtung " o'er nicht? — und \i^x\ii er noch etv/as
tapsig
^(XhjLJ^^
so Ju
"VftuL ex
-iv 1nnn hr1 I Inntr n
Rug^e schrieb in einen Brief: "ilarx ist in Not \;egen seiner Zukunft, und zv/f^r ^'er naechnten Zukunft» Die Fo^tsetzunr; der Jrhrbuecher mit ihn ist dßhor eine Sache, die sioh von selbst darbietet.*) Dass diese A iS icht ihn eroeffn^t vmrde, war eine ff:rosse Defreiunr' fu^r i^erx» Und die ^^envirklichun^ zor sich nicht lange hin.|Rup:e handelt<^ ras-h und ohne Kleinlichk'^it» Er fsn(\ einen 8 hweizerisr-hen Vrrleper, der sich bereit erklner e^ die Zeitschrift in Prankroich o*^. r Delcien zu publizierent Der Vorlecer forcierte nur, dass Ruf^e 20.000 frrmzoesische Frnncs zu der Gruendun,«^ zu- schlösse» So viel war Rnfn^'noch ^Ini^Vfzw riski^^ren b reit» So
wurde noch im J^^ni 1''43 alles f^str-elefrt» Und es i;u de fest,^';elect,
♦) Arnold Ru^e: DriefwecliselUnd Tarebuchblaettor, jf.295
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107 dess 'ler Co-Redakteur Marx ein Gelialt von IßOO Froncs 1ji Johr ha- ben wunrfle, plus Extrn-Zahlunr fuer snine el'^e^inn Peitr-ere ~ k In grosses Elnkonmen aber eine Basis. Zu b^stironen blieben (Ins Land
ff
und die Stndt den Erscheinens. Der Verleger aus Zuorich und Dr#Rur;e aus Dresden fuhren nf>ch Westen, un dos Feld zu unt^^rrjuchen.
Die Entsoheidunr als ein doutnch^y^'-rtrhreibonda/ Literat das Land seiner Sprache zu vorlösseni \;ar drs ernte der deteniinie- renrten Ger^chehnisse, die nit i^vrx in diesen zvjanziß I.'onaten vorcinren. D- s zv;eit"=^ stand in Zusajienhfmf^ L^it i:oses Hess.
Iraner bip dahin hntte der Doktor x oses Hess eiiien leicht komischen AivStrich fuer Uftx n^Jhnbt. Er naiinj^ ihn den ♦'Korrjnuni- f^ten ^bbi»», D- s bezofj nich auf vieles /^s bezof^ sich nuf seine aeussere Erscheinung;. Hess v/nr ••ein langer, ha^^orer Ilann nit v/ohl- wollender! Blick und etv/ns hahnenartir^ vorp;( bor* nem Halse. Die .'^raue Kutte^ die er traef^t, vollendet sein priesterliches Ausse- en.»»*) Priesterlich v/ar auch die Art der Hessischen Rede. K^ild und sanft pflefTte ••der gute Kerl»* Liebe, HuMrnitnet, Gerechtigkeit, Mit- leid fuer die Armut zu predlrf^^n. Schliesslich v." r sein Llissionars- Instinkt auffaelliß. Begie. ip; rechte er Proselyten fuer den Sozic- lismus oder Konmunisnus. Vor \ oniren Monaten hatte Iloses Hess einen ' junp'en Mann von zv/elundzv;anaip Jahren in einem einzi^^en Nachnittae P'ev/onnen. ^er Ilane d";^ Juiij^eii F.anitc.'^ \my Pfiedrioh Bii.'"'i!ls. Auulj
rri, HHiiz vie wi^n Imlcunin4[ konnte^gesart v/erdenylvlerkt Euch den Narien,YIhr werdet ihn niOit zun letzton Mal .^:ehoert habeni r^^^
Eine nerkwuerdif:e Fi(;ur, dieser Friedrich EncelsJ Als ••a alundur
()
9 (Kn^l^^ ^^^ riiinr-r^bn) p, /, /,T
(Innf nnrrl 1 nhnp fi
Ol',' »
4eM / . Lvfi.
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/t*44K-A^
ißjLUL I^CUi^^^UjU^
f>C
Birios
turityf»^! wird er
balcl Resohildert v/erden ^ und noch viele Jahre spneter wird nr sei- Vor sich darueber beklnr;en, »»dass ich no schrecklich jun- aus- sehet»*"^*) Dieser Solm eines patrizis hen Textil-Fabrikanton in Barmen hatte nicht studiert, son.ei^ war fuor die Gesi haefto bo- stimmt worden, l'it siebzehn Jphren hntte er ira voeterlichen Diioronu
begonnen, Abor v/enn ein akadenio hec ü/udiuri ihn versa- t geblieben wer so v'pr ;r 2U einen umso un' rsaettlicheren Autodidukten ge- worH'-n. Er las in unbeschreiblichen M n/^on i^uecher aus jet'erri Felfle des v.'issens. Er s'^hri-b selber in jeden literarischen Stil nit
t
unbeschreiblicher Fixigkeit. Und v/enn in seinem Eltrrnhpus der Goist der atren/rsten KÖnservntivisnus und orthodoxen ten Protostnn-
eln potenzieli£?r Rebell/ ßOf^cn
tisirus herrpchte, so v.-pr er alles ^lit elnun zwanzifr hatte or in Berlin, in den teuren, feu- dalen Onröe-Artellerie-Refi'inent, sein Militaer^rihr abc^idicnt, —
ohne i^efoerderunr uob/rlrens, was ihn scliraerzto,
ijlHUii mu' l'ltii aliihliohon Mnf»notioriuo auf ihn nuo^ In seiner freien Seit^ hatte :er bofabordi r En,^els sich nebenbei den p-eistlmeren Attraktionen (lex Hauptstadt C0V7idiaet^_Auch^iiWß«
"Jun;— Her;elipnorn" /hatte er xusanraenresess
lJBHi3!ii'l.ulJ, "tjpiefflie
"Freien",
i UU^ aai^iiraitbi
Als er nach dem Ende seines Kllit-^erjahres in die lleinat zurueck: fuhr, hatte er Station in ;^oeln cieiaacht. Mnrx.den er kennen zu •
^iMen..
dlMüliyjl UlUiiLiülHU'r'ui hi-ara Ouerre Julien I
*) Gustav Mayer: Friedrich Engels ("firp^.Auspnb ) 3.^4.. ♦^4— Brtefwe^
l^jül'iiüi Eii[!;u1ü: Brlof ^üi r gar, 20..TnniirT .H'
iif»
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lernen vorsuohte, hatte ilin nur eine muerrische Minute geoepfertt //Aber denn vmr er Moses Hess in die Amie Relpufen« Und hier te tte die Missionarskunst des Konnunistenrabbi ihrenj/groessten Triumph erlebtt **Wir sprachen ueber die ^eitfra^en^^ berichtete Hess in einem Brief, ^und er ein AnnpEins-Revolutionrier, tUebersti am besten wohl '•embryonic revolutionnry**) schied von mir als aller- eif rirster Co- munist^^'^nd En/?rel3 selber bestaetißte, dass seine Conversion ~ und nicht nur seinel —auf den Doktor Hess zurueck- zufuehren sei# Kurze Zeit spaeter '^bekn.nnte er ausdruecklich| dass VesQ der erste p-ewesen sei, der thirr und Äeinein Kreis den Konimunismus plausibel nnohte»"*^^ )
Jettt in den Wochen nach den kieitunrökrachg kehrte^Hess von einem Aufenthalt in Paris nach Coeln zurueck« Er hntteJ^nlle Apostel des neuen Evanf?;oliuras persoenlich kennen ^e^ernt — - die Autoren der Buecher von IS40 und üHhllesef aeuorl Gespraeche darueber zwi- Sf'hen ihm uhd Marx orr^aben sich von nolbst^Z/Die Stiiinunr, in der Merx sich befand v/ar giftip» Die ^phantastis^-h schvnrzen Gedanken»» kochten in ihrit Jedes Wort, das er sprach, atmete Nee:ativismuSf Wohin trieb diesr^r GeistTjoer Missionar Lloses Hess fuehlte seine Stuilde nahen« Wieder beftann or In seiner sanften Weise von der Rettunp" d^r »»entnenschten Mons^-^hheit»» zu reden* Wiaer begann er zu entwickeln, dr^ss unr; verun der Kenn aller Uebel das Geld, der Profit, das Eir^entun seit Ein Umbau der Gesellschaft vor: Keller bis zun Dach war notwendi«# Und siehe da, derselbe Karl Marx^ der solche Ideen noch vor kurzem verhoohnt hatte, zeigte ploetzlich Gep-^BriGck an ihnen^ Wns Hess von der stuermischen Ausbreitung des
-^^X-üustav^Mayer: Friedrich En/rels (Deut.^ohe Au£
yer: Friedrich En^rels (Deut.^ohe Ausgabe) p* 103* f)ef Bn.-'GH-^
onti
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Sozialismus in der frnnzooslschen Intellifüentsia zu erzaehlen
«
hatte, interessierte Ihn i. aecht ig«
' /-
Hatuorlich, allen diesen soaielistischen Ideen fehlte noch die letzte! pry4iion9lld Subntanz» Hess selbst nusste dns oinseheni
nicht v/ehr? Er war ein Her;elianer so ftut wie Marx — und unter
»
. Hegelianern konnte es kein Mis verstaendnis ueber die uniJtlaeasliche Vorbedinminp grosser geschichtlicher Wandlungen geben» Sie konmen nicht, v^ell sie wuenschenswer^ sind, sondern nur, v/enn sie' unentrinn»
bar sindt Dass elnipe Menschen Dto)e eine Welt ohne Eir^ontum als besr.er, ethischer, perfecter foyatelloni ist d
die F^ffg
pileichfjueltif^« \''^vvci die Welt ohne Sipentum (^)f initif l^m Ende ihrer KraefteienpieTLanpt ist* Im pArzess der ewigen "Dialek- tlk** versf^hv/indet ein Systeiu nur dann, wenn die oeedirQiL aoo'&ruc^' tioni dio Q'3Vonrr4HS v-lLllin IL^ielf-J es schon aorotoert ha^en wie ofen.
Krebs. Unabhaenrip vofi allen nen. oh liehen Wuenschen d?^rf einfach nichts anderes iiehr moeglich sein, als der j^llaps des Bestehenden* So, und nur so, gebiert «ich nus einen Zustand seine eigene Negation, aus einer Thesis ihre eigne Antithesis* Alles sonnt ist Utopie — erkennte Hess das an?
belbstverstaendlichl Absolut l Hess selber hatte iriiaer betont, dass die »^0000 Tranaf owigtien s'oh vollisiohon v; rde als FpO' olnor ^^leiJiWi Jfttaiitaet»
Hb^lbHr hallu
neue Ordnunr^ nicht deshalb koniaen W' rde, weil ihre Geburt ersehnt wird, sonoern deshalb, weil die alte Ordnung unrettbar in die Agonie geraten ist.//3ehr gut — abe:- hatte liess jeiials bev;iesen, dnss das alte aystem tntseechlich in unrettbarer Agonie begriffen ist?
A
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Hatte or Je pezeipit, aus v/olchen Ursachen es in mjrettbarer Agonie geraten mussto? Uein^ das hatte Hess nie gekonnt und nie versucht. Er hatte den unrettbaren Tod des herrs(^henden Systems behauptet, aber nie bewiesen. Musste er nicht zup^eben, dass ohne diesen Be- wois ^er p;anze Sozialismus noch imiier in der Luft hinn? Musste
nicht dieser Bev/eis noch r;efunden
werden^ ehe der Sozia-
lisnus aufhooren konnte eine Utopie und Phatasie z\x sein?
Nein, der Doktor Karl Marx konnte die Hessische Version des Soz in lisnus noch nicht als ausreichend acceptieren«/Auch sonst p:ab es r erkliche Unterschiede zwischen Ihn und *»deiri ersten Koranu- nisten der Partei'^*), wie Hess um diese Zeit von ün^els f;enannt wurr!e^ Der erste Koiinunir^t ^-er Partei vi^r zu seiner üeberzoucung
aus Barmherzifsjkeit fuer die Armen
/^ekormen. Karl
Marx hintor seiner Glasv/and hatte mit Arnen ^nd B dyiiooktoBj nie- raals etw s zu schaffen gehabt* Wenn er jetzt ploetzlich Geschmack an sozialistir>chen Ideen fand, so schien/zuv/oilen, als ob der Anstoss da^.u eher aus der entrregensetzten Richtung korme» Sein , Res5^eattr ent reren die Reichen und Ma^chtipien v/ar penB tränt. Mehr als die kuenftl/re ürhoehunp; der einen schien ihn oft die kuenftico Erniedrun- der anroren zu locken. Und fillai^oft war ein Geruch von Blut und Terror in dem, was er ueber die koiiiuenden Dinpe sprach» Der erste Kozinunist der Partei wurde besorgtt Er nrschrack ueber den offenbaren ünt^ rschied zwischen seinem eigenen **vcrsoehnlichen
r
Naturell'' und Marxens ••aufloesendem Naturell •»•"***)
yie i%^A nur
gab /^ke ine Taeusrhunr; dar ueber, dass
*) "Meeksrxren^ Marx-Enirels^^^sf^rabe, Erste Abteilunp, 3* Band, y* X **) Gustav Nayer: Friedrich Enpels (Deutsche Ausgabe) ^# 102
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112 der Llterpt Kork Marx^sofort nach dert Ende der iieitungs -Episode seine bisherige liaij^ abzustreifen bef^ann* Die Trennunßslinie zv;i« a^hen Demokrf^ten und Sozi^iliston vrarKnoch nicht sehr scharf • Noch wurde der neue Kevolution^risnus von vielen nur als eine Spielart den eelteren empfunden^ Wie dem auch sei, bereits ira Soiomer IB4.3 vfRr Upvx. fAer seine naechsten Bekennten ein 3ozlnlistrj5)ie Ilaeu- tunfT v/er das zweite der deterrainierenr^en Ereignisse, die sich in diesen zv;anziß Monaten mit ihn vollzorent Und die Krei^^misse roll- ten weitcr#
Sieben Jphre war h'^etx nun schon mit Jenny von Westphnlon verlobt. Fast irr er in diesen Jahren war er g^'trennt von ihr ge- v/eseht Jetzt| da er Doutschland verlassen v/uerde, war er ents^os- sen sie mit f^ich zu nphrmn. ^Ich kann Ihnm ohne alle Rorncntik * versichern**! schrieb er seinen irnner anteilnohmenden Beichtvater Rup?e^ "dnss ich von Kopf bis J'uss und zwar eilen Ernstes llobe"*"*^ Als die Gruendunr- der neuen Zeits^-hrift feststand, beschloss er, dass jetzt c'cr Kampf un die Heirat piefuehrt vrerden muesse»/fund Jenny wer die, die ish» zu fu hren hatte — vo9 ihr waren die Wider- stpende auf rer ichtot • Etwas Hilfe hatte sie von ihrem Bruder Edcar, der ein Bohonien war, und dessen adlir^er Haren apaeterhin relerent- lieh unterV sozialistischen Aufrufoft ne^en der. von Marx erscheinen v;ird« Aber der starke ^influss in der iainilie war ein anderer Bruder
•
Ihn wird man als Innen! und Jolioeiminic^ter Seiner Preussisrhen
Ma.1' stpet ^nshponi einer dei inukliuiiHUiüLyn rerioe:i"iij wiec.ertreffen Fuer *i«^en Bruderl^bebte die Welt bei dem Oedankeni dass das Haus derer von IVestphr^len entweiht werden solle von diesem Prototyp
— ^-?—
^
^^ \U. TsWcY^ S. 3o
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aller UnmoeRlichkelten, einem Zeittxnp:sskribenten, Rpdikalen^ Athel-
sten, Juden, Buerp-orlichen, HRbenlchts* Und ßlolohN/ar die v/eitere
Fanilie entsetzt, |txrrdf Onkeln und Tanten fo derten von der Kutter
Widerstand auf Biedren und Brechen«
Die Witwe V^estphalen zof: alle Register der Ueberredunr, der
Kla^e, der Drohun^r« ||Aber das Kaedchen Jenny, das sanfte ^Engels-
maedchnn*', zeifjte sich cev/appnet nit der Festigkeit, mit der sie
wird sich von nun c?b fuer viele Jahrzehnte so oft gewappnet zeigen
muessen« Mit ihren neunundzv/anzip Jahren brauchte sie nienandes
E inwill ifj^unr- mehr« Sie hatte f^ewaehlt. Sie hatte r:ewartet auf den
Rufg qun v.nierde sie dem Rufe golren, Jims in ei ii; i3iidiyüi' dü2.u sa^ uf!|
«fw^-welche Folfren^'sie zu traren haben mochte« "Meine Braut hat
die haertesten, ihre Gesundheit fast untergrabenden Kaempfe fuflrr
inioh p;eknempft mit ihren pietistisch-aristokretischen Vcrv/andten,
denen der Herr in Hinr^el und der Herr in Berlin p^leiche Kultus-
Objekte sind#*) Sie setzte sich durch. Als alle l-ittel erschoepft
waren, fuegte sich die Lütter* | Und sie fuogte sich v/üerdie;# Als
der Brneuti^am M^rx ihr Haus in den Steedtchen Kreuznach betrat,
erinnerte nichts mehr in ihrem Benehnen an die voranße,^aneenen
Kaempfe# 3i v/ar f eundlich und v/onrit Es er^ab siciy"^ dass der
Braeutigam kann vnisste, v/ovon nr mit seiner Frau bis zu ihrer
Abreise ins Ausland leben solle. Mochte er sich de halb keine
frauen Haare v/acfeben laasenl Das Heus der Mutter stand dem Paare
offen; Und so r:eschah es. Die ersten fuenf llonnte nrch seiner
Heirat ir^ Juni 1843 verbrachte der junre Kormunist und Ketzer ais
^ HIT Rrr
/t £.
<1 / '
JUjji yi^
^ . JD
€ih^^
(
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oMut.
lU
Gast deri'AristAkratin und Pietistin« Sie sorgte fuer dns Paar und p:ab ihn Obdach,
t
Die Heirat war das dritte der detenainierenden Ereinnisse^ die in diese zv/anzip: Monate zusariinenp;edraengt v/aren# Dns vierte folgte ohne Pouse#
Er sass im H use seiner Schwief^erl|utter| und die Nachrichten Ru^e^s trafen ein. Paris w^r als der rinhtire Ort fuer die ne4e Monatsschrift bifunden worden — und dnraus err^ibe^ sich v;eitere Details* Es empfahl sich jetzt zuim Beispiel^ den alten Titel / ''Deut che Jahrbuecher*' etv/as zu variieren. Des Druck-Muster zeigte
die Aufschrift:
Deutsch-Franzoesisohe Jahrbueoher,
//
Herausper^eb an
T
von Arnold Ruf^e und Karl Marx^
Blatt als ¥bv mn einer^^intellektuellan
Auch empfphl es sich Jetzt|da8
a
Allianz zwis hen Deutschen und Franzosen** aufzuziehen.
Allin
gooon
in dor anfföblioh uobogloflonon Knnnyilt.Piat ri
acHun
iinhon I^olitilg^ Uiiil ilii'i Hiu^ublluh
uobnFlo^r»Dr\en Kapagitnoti dop D'^utpHrhon in den Qj- nhon dm (ffeiu
uplilyj War es nicht eine historische r.ission, die schvreren Deutr^chen mit franzoesischer Impetuositaet zu befruchtenf^ und die ob rflaechlichen Franzosen mit deut- ehern Tief sinn? Sichert Zugleich v;nr dieses '♦frallo-rermanische Prinzip*» etWRS Moues, Zuen- dendes. Damit musnte es p;elinp:en> von den beruehmtesten Autoren beider Sprachen Beitraece zu ^rhaltnn und Aufsehen in beiden L^endnrn zu erregen./ Vorwnertn alsol Bis zum Dezember musste der
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115 Inhftlt des traten Heftoa beln Druckor «ein, Wooßo Marx Jetzt nit einen Teil dor boruehritan Autoron corrosporidiurcn« Itoogo or sich
nie 'ersetzen, und fiiii dlo firnt
aolt or etv/fis ?>rillnnte8
sohrelien, ^^oe#;e er dann nach l'nrlo uebersledeln.
Im Kovomber traf des Uliepw^ar Jlcr:c In dor otaöt dos Lichtes und dor KrlGuchtunp! eln# In Foabourß sttOoruoln v;or oln Helm fuer sie vorb ».^reitet. Um dnö Letten fuor oio zu vorbilli^^on^ hntto Rugo ein Hcenschon ßoniototi in den eio genelnaQii fcohnun konateA«/Dc>s wor oin Z\ig echter Frounrto haftlichkclti und in oinon 3lnn bedrueckto es Kftrl lii^xx. Ihm otand ein poinllchon Geoprnoch nit Hupre bevor# Ueber seine politische HaautumT nusste rorodet v/or-len« Schon dio Beitr^epsi die or faor rtns ^»rnte Heft YorbcreitGt hntte, enthielten zu deutliche Spuren dovon«// Fuer Kuf^o nussto «re^ Snt-
taeusrhunf;
und Verdruss bedeuten« Boi aller 3 npathle nit
dor Seche dr>r Anion^ war or einilonokratlschör Hovolutioruier^ koia ßozinli3ti3oher i<evolut ionner* Er v/nr ßof^an Jede Tencenz, clen
CjjsihL.^^^^ W Sek ^e^'^Sfäat^
ütaat V. rproeasorte i^*acht zu f^obonT^^in Oei?v>D^';nla'^ nannte er
die OrdnunK"t. von der die Gozialisten traeuaten. Viaohrend viele
die zw 1 Spiolartenyon ^^ndiknlisr/us noch fuer blutnvcnvandt und nur
iii der IlQorfa
rtre- verschieden hislton, wnr ^.ufre ehe"* g ;hon auf
dem Weß/Sie als unvereinbare CTeeensaet*:e zu enpf inv cn« "3 war freglich, ob die ßanze ZrUsar.nenorT'oit unter/dlesca Uir.ntnonden noch noeplich sein v;i:erde#p'er3c war nicht wohl zaMUte# War es ein eut-nBti/^or Zufall oder das JercnteiJ,^ daas Huge oofort nach d-r Ankun t seines Co^BdttarB erkrankte? Je enfnlls VA;rdo die not* wenr^i(Te Auseinrndersotzunr fuers crate unmooßlich und Pure konnte
jA^^yJsiie. iy^ÄiT^^Uki^ j^Ml
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slcfi an clrr Redaktion u-r ersten Ilu^Jicr nicht b'-tfilli^^^fr^n.
In Keb3"uar I^Vj ersv'hien die erüte Nirr er. Sie v;er eine Bnttaem^ hunr. K^^lner von clon beruohmten Franzosen, eile aufgefor- d^rrt A.'orden wf^r^^Vi^ hetto etwa? ^'^schir^kt. Von rer "lntnIl-3ktU3llen Alli^nz^ zwischen Frctnkreich und Deuti^r'^-'l^nrl konntr> rlr^s Blatt nur rec! ^n, nlcht^ Z':^ircn# Auch von ^-n b'^ruehriten Doutscl.en hatto nur cf'^r elnzi^'o Heine etv-^n snr V^^rfufn^n«- ^rf stellt; ein rre'iicht. So v/nr c>s Heft mil' hfir?ti^*'vn pritiHerr-n des e^iir bekannt n Hess und dor vofjlli • unb-'kann.ton jlnf^rln »^-ofuellt \70rrGJi. Do- :il."r^v'er vcrunfTlnnrkt.l'T'ur- z\ oi Abhr\nrilun"er nun ''1er Tor'^er von I!orr betten r ocutun^ — F>(';»-eutuJi-' p1f> Kt^^ppen i'\ r.f i.ic^ri Loten. I:i rcirem Ivrcu/.rach r rofu^-lui: hrtte 0 r Junro Konvertit r>cin. errten Ce- r^onkon r.f^ler r!ln Pln.-e dr.r; Sozi-lirr' u^> feöhrlit* Dii 1 ^i'cn At- hene'lun^T-n pntbif:ltf.n 0 ie re^^uil^r-te*
i> s ^7•I ihn-\n nirLt an ('i- iitirnc pi-^sehri^jboiu Der- Tit.el ::tifolpe b s- haeftiftetni/ricl- ^\r a» r j ^ Viir "•" 1 un^'MJ ni ^ TTn5;cl3 Phl- lonopliie u'ic', nit d' r^^'^tK'en-Frrir^^. D' r Soz.vllcnur tr/hti nur in AbnchT"^ifunr.n auf — y\n( drs \Tjron ni^l t r. io einv'i/^n AbscJ.v/ei- funren. Äur» B^^?.£:p.iel bo'-rtri auoli "lor Ilorr \s\ Ili^iricl h:lf;r wieror soina uobli-hc Trr^riht. ^Dlc^ l^ li{^ion jrt f;^l5^ Opluri dor Volkesl^,V/
v;
rr (uiesrrl dpf! Verc^ilkt. Ucibf^.rflics w^r (^ :r fu',nfun(lzv;Gri::icJoeh-
rirn Literat zu rnr strengt ber-^uelit rmvesen, b^^ i s iner: interna- tlonpl^n D^l ut dnn ej^rtr rt/tenten Stil uiic Qr ir,t zu r^ntf Mltc^au Be-
*
r.on '-rs der Artikel unb^r <\\f' Judon v/;;r r>o ue>'^.röiis tro^n.e;t oi)atant, dnSB '-v s:hori wici/der viilr.oCJ' ^'^r.fAlle rozi^Irn ;L3chv/i rif.kciten clcr -T.^den v/rrep d-rin auf si^ f? Ib5^t zuruerk- fu brt: auf ihre 'ficuicc
/
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117
den^Schachers", "Welches ist der weltliche Kultus des Juden? Der
Schachers Vifelches ist sein v/eltlicher Gott? D- s Creldt"7W's sollte
dnsS Den Gebildeten wnr danals gelaeufif!;, doss die sozialen 3chv/ie-
ripükeiten der aus Juden aus vielen untersnhiec' liehen Ursachen
stammten* Eine gros^^^e Majoritaet von J,,den lebte nic-ht (jimiidl
in der Sphpere, in der '♦Schacher ueberhoupt in Frnpie kan* IUI-
li*nen Juedinr^hor Heloten in O^ten wnrea in diese Sphaere noch
Piar nicht einf^etreten* ©4e juedische Klite iA Westen, Gelehrte
und Ku nstler er' ten Ranftes ^ hatte diene Sphfjere gn h^a vorlassen.
Wecler die einen nich die anc! ren wur i<;n deshalb innirer geliebt.
Alleraeusserstenfalls war der''3chaohor'' also (.in (^inzi^er Par-
tikel in feinen Komplex. Die vielen Ursachen einos Phaenomens
en du^ch Zuspitzung? und Wef^lassunren auf eine einzige Ursache zu
reduzieren, v/or eine verrufene Methode^ -l5eit den Tap;en der Roener,
din sie als •'pars pro toto»», ein Bruchteil statt des Ganzen, ab-
C nebenbei^ nicht ein gestenpelt hatten. Und w^r der Nane Marx,S^bbi jueq^ischer Naiie?
Wnr dionor Autor viellr';ii ht eli^' y Jenny Tur^any dio i ifh g^uroh
w^faiaeiiibiüche Dljoui
g? beüUJiiJBr» Pl'illHii^ üH'^'^yeben'
UL hej^
.J In SuTTaa, die zvei Artikel v/aren eher peinlich. Jedes Echo blfeb aus. Aber verstreut in diese kaum leserlichen und nicht {gelese- nen Artikel v/are-i die ersten siozip listin hen Forrieln ihres Autors.
i
/V Harh ß^pi ^'f'^/Usj de . ^hAhH. ^J^Aj^/ ^ &^ /fa/il ^ t^ ^
y
1 1
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f/^on
^ , 118
DlG rorr.el von der Fatnlltnot orachienl l/
fehlenden Beweis dafnor, dnsn das ^yetem des Elrontans tat«nech-
lieh unontrlnnbnr 5<einfin lin^e
Ä^l^fl^fTTTX
omi oeiae:^ tcui
:^ Ot*^ ^f(ok^ KcreA
nicht ^Tüfunden« Aber
In Bmnnrelun - des liev/elsee hnote er nlch entBchlooseu^ die Bo- heuptunr vorerst einnal nach In Ihrrr nniiiiii li nn mm^ 'ai^^^tinY :ni oornor ul^jMuu .,u iiLuliua; alu ttu^^uapmLlieu^ ului! HUI ülitj lüULi^ir*^ If" ^'-'H-^l *'i^eB Sy«torri dos Erwerben und JlandelSi des Besitzes und der Auabeutun'^ (ior i^onf^rhen fuohrt su clnon Bruch Innerhalt der jB tzi- ren "-esellbchaf t^ dt?n d^s alte iiystoii nicht zu hüllen vomeg#^
//Schon von den fruehesten Sozi^ilieten hatte dieser odor Jener un- kler die NotwendlRkelt enpfunden, seine Forrlerunren wcnlf^er als ethi' rhe Fordej anr^^n, c.^nw als Ankuem ifrunr einer nnl^uj'prjnotfl llfhf^aj Fatrlitpot zu prRooentioreny Selbst der olto Saint üiinon hatte reloRentlich orkloort^ daas sein S: ntem sirh <noturolloi.Qnt| >mg lü M4ulb rtfjroh^ doo ohouoü^ verw'lrlclichen werde#*) Dahinter zurueckzubloibon, heette einen hef;eliani.H5hen -^ia lektlker*^ schlecht onp^Btan(^en# Auch zweifelte *f*rx keinen KtCXnont^ cgss ot ^f^n feh- len(;en Beweis noch f iri. en erde* NatuerlicnVdio Zukunft nines oekoaoni::chcn Syatons ' t\v il^ h^' i -r Ihllrrn^rhln \\\ ■ i lirrn^ KfM4- brBUf^htö ^swx oekonorii che Faktenj/Daten^ jÖeDotooy Vorerst
hatte rier philosophische Litorrit Knrl I orx noch nie in seinen
Leben ein oukonoiiisr.hes buch
hatte sich vorfjeaoi'iiienp Iü Pnrifi^-w*r grhn^fan \firiifi nio in rnmuHnhQh/ ein
in er Hand fsehebt* Aber er
i6!'K:U lulLlitui rj
ir^ Zelt Quf oekonoiiisoho
c
*) Wfdrnor fJoribnrt; Der prolotorirche Sozlollanus, ^^i^«^ I« -Ä»'^93
r
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Studien zu verwenden. Don Bowls fucr die Fatolltcet zu finden, . /,
konnto Um dnnn nicht p^ohr nisr.llnron. Mlttlor r.ile w^r es lw4« y (i.. cifljisa niall'io^ dlo Doktrin von clor Frtnllt ot,|]u adoiitl .luni
"Ino ?:vfelte Fom^l, /Sic er e/*4ptler*H!-i wnr dlo cer bov/nff-
neton Kovolution.yySr
"die Revolution«*^ die uns be-
//
▼orfteht", — "die ranze Ke olution, nlchn nur sine politioohe,
«
ari i'jp rfPiii.r a>iff Ufujisa jtu1.ua l ea^l'l — die Pevolutio die "Bf^iriv/ollrittnr unr! Sisonheldcn", Ito oohuiai;^. hIjuI mji **kuonotlioh pred'ta nr^gn Awnrmtnf Unr! er pontuliorte; "Die Waffe der Kritik konn dlo Kritik dor v/nffcn nid^t ersetzen, die lipteriello Gewalt nuss pftstuorzt v/or en durch *i«» ünterielle Oov/al .»j^uch die Idee, daaa dor Jozlrlisinua |>dnr rn--^iin1nmii|t nur dur<h Oev/alt verv/lr-klicht v/ercTon kocnnc, ^-ar nntuerlich alt. Einzelne 3ozia- liaten hntten d^ß inner neprorüct. In Enfrlond drnenßte ein ra- dlkilor FluofTol der Chnetlaten seit Jahren — «rfolrloa — 7Ain bewaffneten Aufstand. "Wir for ern die riencnlchtsschreibor heraus", schrieb einer Ihrer Wortfuohror, "uns einen olnzigen Fall vorzu- fuehron, in ^en die Reichen ir^-endv/nlchen Lenden oder /^eitciltera aun Liebe zur Gerochtißkeit oder infolre eineo blossen Appells an Ihr ITerz orier Gev/isr^en auf Ihre ?'aoht verzichteten. Solche Fnelle p,\h* es nicht. Oe\7iit, nur Gewalt hnt sie inner zur fiensch- lichkoit bekehrt."*}/ In Frankreich v/er ob (\Br. rnoendon Intellek- tuellen Au/c^iste Blanqul vor einlren Jahren tatsnecnlich ceglueckt, eine Ilandvoll ▼on Arbeltern zu einem Putsch zu bev;e -en. Ur buessi.0 dafuer Jetzt in < en Vorliessen der r'aorchen-Burß Kont St. IlicholX«
^ ♦) Bronterre O'Bridn In "Poor Mnn's Guardian", rl. vTuni 1834, zitiert bei üonbart, Der -rolotnri:- he Sozi.- llsnus, ^,1. i". 365
y'
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120 TfAfcor die mnze Phalanx der raassrebenclen Sozir; listen, von Saint Simon und Oven bis zu Proudhon, hatte die These der Gewalt lnuncr rundwep verdarumt. Ausnahm los glaubten sie alle nur an allLiaeh- liehe friedliche Trans foniation; an Evolution; an «Revolution daa« lci4oi"/rJo Proudhon es nannte. Alle hatten mit aenlichen Wor-
ten dasselbe ausf-sr^ochen wie einer der aeltesten aur> ihrer Fa-
w L
milie, dor Enriaendnr Godwin, der erklnert hatte: «Revolutlons, innttf^d of beinr tr uly beneficial to mankind, ansv.-er no other pur- poae than that of na: rinr the Sfi^utary and uninterruptod progress
• rhich ni^-ht be expect. d to attend upon political truth and sooiai
Und Moses Hess hatte allen Sceptikorn und Zyni- kern zuj?orufen: «K-ine Klasse der Gesells haft wuer. e so herz- los sein, ihre "itnen?nhen l'a Elena zu lassen, str-ende ihr ein L^ittel zu Gebote, alle Ihre Kitnom chen cluecklich zu machen. Er- leben wir es ja tneßlich, dass die Versuche, unsere -eoellschaft- lichen Zustaende (rruendlic);i zu verbessern, rerode unter ^er Klasse 'der besitzenden — ohne Zv/eifel deshalb, weil sie die r^ebildete ist — den tiefaten Anklang und die r .p:ste Teilnnhiie fin^ en."**)
'/iTbor fucr Marx w^^r das ebensoviel i^topi .'her Konsens. Wer sich befreit hatte von Ronantik und SentiiT^ntalitnet, — und er^ ganz rewiss, hatte sich davon bofreitl - dor vmsste, dnss c.ie Tenschen nie und nimer aus noreli' ' hon Antrieben handeln. Sie hen ein aus Interesse, aus nackter Selbstsucht. M^m muss sie zv;inr:enl Aller- dings, als er das schrieb, nuss durch das Gehirn des Logikers Karx ein Skrupel ne^^anren sein. Schon damals muss ihm auf.-ufallen sein, dass die zv;ei Fomeln dor Fatalitaet und der Revolution "^i vUGodv;ii
l^awin: An ennuiry concerninr political justice and it's influ- ^ ence on freneral virtue and happiness.vol. I. p. 276
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sich in 'i.ahrholt widersprochen. Entv/erler-oderl \!en.n der Sozialis- mus ohnehin unvermeidlich korant, v/o ist dann dns Beduerfnis nach Revolution? Wenn der oozialisnus nicht koratien kann ohne Revolution, wo ist dann seine Unvenaoidlichkeit? Aus der klaffenden Unverein- barlceit der beiaen Formeln v/erden sich in Fortpnng der Zeit un- geahnte ürhwieri/^keiten ergeben. Aber jede der Fornieln war in ihrer Art die extremste. Offenbar konnte Marx sich von keiner trennen. Er legte sich fest nuf die bev;affneto Revolution. . . -j> ^ , .
Y.T le°:tf^ sich fest auf otv/as drittes: die prolütürieoho
!*«iJ|Ah, es war Li d n letzten Jahrzehnten viel philosophiert word' n ueber die "proletaires". V.'aehrend der erosi en franzqcjsi- hen Rpvolution v/?r entdecKt v/orden, dass nicht nur cier "dritte
sc
Stand" existiere, die Bueri'or, son< ern darunt. r noch ein vierter, die voollif Besitzlosen. Er war benannt v/orden nach joner elend- sten Schicht in Ron, deren Wert nur ihre Zeugunrskrpft, ihr Nach- wuchs ihro "proles" v.ar. Seit dt se Entdeckunr gemacht v/orden v;ar, hatten die Diskussionen nicht auffrchoertTpio, zun Beispiel, ist das Verhaeltnia zv/ischen den Proletnrint ilnd der uebrigen Gesell- schaft? Steh-n sie in polaren Ge^-^ensatz zu einander, so dass je-
«
dem. Gewinn ani.einej^r^ notv/endi.-or\ eise ein Verlust am andren Fol entsprachen rauss? Oder stehen sie trotz aller Gep^ensaetze, ueborwiegend doch in einer Partnnrschoft mit-^inrnrier, sodass Ge- winne o. er Verluste an einen Pol auch auf Gewinn oddr Verlust an anderen hin-- uslaufenTlsicher, in ir^endw Ichen Grad gibt es Gef-en- saet^e zwischen allen mtgliedem einer Gesell > hnit, und gewiss zwir.chen den Aemsten und den reichsten, v^eit ueber die Reihen
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122 der Sozialisten hinnus vror anorlcfinnt, dass die aesellschaf t sich Insov/eit In /^lassen spalten kann, die 94<i4* mit ^dlitrnoron ^lessen- Interessen konfrontieren und ^ossen-Kaempfe mitelnnnfler fuehren. Selbst fler Minister des Buercerkoeni/^s, Guizot, der ein f^^rosser Historiker ^vpr, hatte erklnert: "Es ist nicht nur kein Verdienst, den Kles!^enknmpf zu erkennen, sondern fast laocherlich, ili4 in Abrede zu stellen. "^llEine f^anz andere Fraf'e indessen w-r die, wie weit fler Gef:ensptz der Interessen reichtl Ist die Armut der Amen im Wesentlichen vou; Wohlstand der Wohlhabenden hervorgeru- fen oder ist sie in wesentlichen von etv/as ponz anderem hervorre- rufen? Ist der Aufstieg des Proletariats in vresentlichen ein Pro- dukt, dps don Verhneltnissen abperunren verden rnuss, oder ist er im v;esentlichen eine Beute, die den anderen Kla cen entrissen werften nuss?//Die r:anze Phalanx der massrebenden Sozialisten hatte seit Jahrzehnten r-?prßdigt, dasä die wirklichen Gefiensaetze zwi- ■ sehen den Interessen der Klassen beschraenkt seien auf ein klei- nes Feld und dass oberhalb dieser Zone von antagonistischen In- teressen eine weit
wichtipiere Zone von identischen In-
Jtß
/^]
\i
iel
cx'cci
Blanc: "Les oppresseurs et les opprii;.es c'agneront ecaleiient. Claire- raent tous les interets sont solidaires et une refome socicle est pour tous los nembres de la socie'te, sans exception, un iioj'en de salut,"**) "A 1» Oeuvre donC hatte Cabet pierufen, "ä'l'OGUvre vous ert bei Werner Soinbart: Der proletarische Sozialisr us, ^«^,1
**) Louia Blanc; L'Orf^anisation du Travail, p. 24.
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tous^ rlches et pauvresl**^/y)Nur von einigen T/enigen Eicenbroe- tlern, die jetzt als Illuminaten galten, ( von dem annen Blanqui vor einigfln Jahren, vonvdem blutigen Marat waohrend der grossen Revolution — hatte nan von Zeit zu Zeit die extremistische The- se Ptehoert, dass der Aufstieg der benachteilig:^©! Classe unabaeh-
derlich den Unter ang der bevorzugten voraussetze#/Marx entschied
sich auch hier fuer die extremste These* Er postulierte, dass das
Proletariat der uebripen Menschheit nicht nur in einem ♦♦einsel-
frep^enueberntehe tippen Gre/o^ensatz'^^^ondern in einem "allseitigen Gepensatz^.;
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Es Ribt nichts, vras die beiden Welten mit einander verbaende;
// keine Interessen, die sie miteinander p;emoin hatten* D^s Prole-
tariat hat von niemandem etv/as zu hoffen; ihn bloibt nichts uebrig als ''sich selbst zu befreien" •//Und er stattete das Proletariat/ mit Eij^penso haften anr., die dieser ihrt zurewlesenen l:olle entspra- chen* Er charakterisierte es als den "naiven Vol Bboden", unver- derben von cler Verrottunp: der uebripen Schichten* Das Proletariat schmachtete unter "radikalen Ketten", unter "universellen Leiden", unter^'den f Unrecht schlechthin"* Tatsaechlich hatte Marx, als er das schrieb, noch niemals in ir.^endwelchen Beziehungen zu leib- hafti^^en Proletariern gestanden* Ihre nicht unwichtigen eirenen Gefuehle hatte er nie vrahr^enommen, ihre wirklichen Eigenschaften nie beobachtet* So wie er die Formel von der oekononinrhen Inevi- tabllitaet niederlefrte, ehe er irgendwelche Kenntnisse
)n-t
y
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von üekonoirie bo8«08, ebenso uebrrm^hp) of die T^^oletBrigrh^ yomoli e!ie er Irpf^ndv/f loho renntnince von c'en rroletari^irn hotte« /uch
/f^c v'lr^' f>r Trjhnc ('»rnt s^potpr nrr^h?;uholen vcrnuchen« I'ittler-
' olle fixierte er rieh auf (?le f-i ol -jHi'JL he Yonviol^e^ ^^t^ajui^k^^ ^
Aber r:u Ihr furrtc er noch c'le Forrcl der Wlßj^ens heft hlri/^iu T^nd Ars vnr not^'reni'^lgl^enn f^p-b es Irf^nd ein Anzeichen dnf^^/>r, dp98 drs Irolotftript pl?h wlrkllch''selbst befreien»* konn? Tatsnochllch v;r-r 1e(*e Spur vor Sozlnlirria? o^er Konnunlsnus in drr W«!*: !r-?tepr?rl3'^h un-^roletnrir'^hGr Herkunftt Der conze Ge- dnnV'^*! d«r?fl 5^0 f»t'v^?5 wir «^Ipf? reit ohn'* Kir^ntim denkbar nei| — dir* f^rn/.e Pthi che Pav/e^^nn/? ir dicnor Richtunp»-- s^en liehe Pezi^ptei Dolttrlnon, Syntomo •• nll<3n dne, eisnnhn los, v/or ent* fltnnflen UTT^ f^Tlr?ticrto nur Rusner^nlb den Proletarintn« Sq war eine Schoepfunr uni ne:;cheeftir;unp von lütfjlienorn <lor Arintokro* tle und Bourgeoisie, von nlton und Junfren tülllonaer in* Fabri-
OjftkießUU. .
Yrwitr^n^ Kf^uflrnton, Intnllektu'^llon^Kn ^vrr eine hGv;f*fmar nicht r!er /5Vnieta4x€:tt nondern zurunsten d*?r ;ft*olotr.if-Ä4 ~ eine Be- vcrunr dor Oberklaf^^ie zurunntcn clor Tintrrklrs^e« oowrit in der Arb^'^it'^r'' hnft nrlbst eine Beti^r^minr URborhnupt cxiFtierte, •• die nrpten Orr^nisptlonrn und Cfe^;erlcs^>^^ften — wr»r s*e mit infi- nitAslrnlnn Aufinahren voelÜP' ff;rn j ^^en Cadankon an ine XJm^ ^/anf^lun- -^^v ^f^ny.^ri aozinlen Ordnunr« Fortcchritte O'ler VortellOp HPlrt nl^ilnple, iT. Rah: on d«r ?5xif^tinren'''en Ordnung wurd^^n er- 8tr<^bt4V'nr. also vrollte dna h iaaeni die ; ofraiuniT des Irole- turiv^its d'irch ^5l?h selbst^? Die Vorf^tellunPi dl . r.ich in tlarx rebilr'rt b-tte, wrr die von TruT>po und Oenoralnteb* D- s Proletariat
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soll die Truppe soirii —
iijjpe uiil':^r uiüui liuel'.ci
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die Fuehrunp; wird auspouebt von "der Tlioorie^', »'der
Wlsr.enschßft»*, '♦der Philosophie" • Dns Froletarint hr^t die I/lsaion eines ^'ieiioen^ es"vorv/irklicht die Philosophie". Doa Proletariat hat die Auf/5;abe eines Instrum^^ntes: es 'st "die ^leterj eile Waffe der Fhilosophie";|Ah, die/v^isseiisoheftl Auch sie hCetei^ il'i'i- im -eschrfienkte Kreefte zur:.s hrioVen* Alle hf^tten ihr^ ..r nnir.fa- chen Philogophieeon als Wissen chaft 1 otrrchtf.t. Alle. hatten en die Moor:lichkcit ^oglauht^ durch i:othonon clor isr,enr.ohnft, der Philosophie — durch die richti^on Lcthoue.TjPolbst^lJv. rntnondlich — endlieh d -n ri -htigen, orlo.ae/iden Wö^': fu,?r die nonsp-hlichs ülntv.ickluri^ finden zu koonnon. Die? "Wiar.en ^^hoft d-jr univ^rnel- len arnvitation" hotte Seint, Siron nnin l3 'stein {fenannt; f-ln oofonca o^rtnlnc" Fourier diis^ seine, •♦L'oeu/re de notru espece est d© hatir le tenplo du la sci;-4ce'**'f, hette Proudhon vorku n it, und er hette fu-^r seine Lehre eine Bezeichnung: t^en.'iehlt, die bald Neid erreren wird: tdTTc-i i ■ 1 ia;n ao i n nt if ique i f //aüc h v.or e.£- eilen W8*irs';heinllch^raa:; öelbstv.rstaendlich ^r;.-^:^hioncn, dass Id-I dem llars'IilTin die neue Yv'elt — bei ier An^veridunt^ er r i cht 1,70 n '.Vi3- sensohaft, — ihr Autor die Fuohruii(r hi.ben ^.•'^rdü. I'cnche hatten die Fu^hrung durch die v;iB:iOiU.-hnft 30t^'.^ ae'oor die ieit der; tlersches hin- us ?:oregelt, Saint Jinon hatte bentl^int, dass die
Rep;lerunp seines Stentes, sobald er etabliert cei, au3 den
iraVendsten Tee nol ogen toatehon soll;. Prouahon reservier-
te des Aiit des franzoeoiachen Minis terpn es identen faar inner -■^ ♦) Proudhorlt iu'aet ce quo la oropriote? p. H
•,
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dem pemankaten 3ecreV-*er c[^r Acaderaie dnr •Vls3öii;3A.haftcn# ?/orx i^t^Ocicsc'ec^
/*
Dor Li'arrt, d v rieh It 1 .c : Inen rrrten, fluechtlron Ana- flur- in üeL öozirlinnus diese virr ronioln nuc d^m Inventur zu eii';en nachte, v/^ir tluLjuiv • Nicrxnr: hnetto : Ich \/un<^::rn koennen, - wenn ^r ^ n di Brn Ideen dfT (^rnton Stun^^o In Lfjiife (for Zeit v/1o- der riRnchos rü':en^rrt haette« Er ke^r 300I on von \r >^*'^l?^i'r ■wlfiotsi ItLiffip^ii Uhu firourüieT^ ; en'''^^T*un^* V^^'^' ^^ Idoefi( her« Kann nehr als ügL|' ehe f.r dies allen c^^"-^-^^'^^^* ^ tte, hntto ^r den roinrunis- r.us noch in soincr •'unf:c*T/as^ henen TTpckthi^lt^ entlnrvt und Drohun- ftori mit Kiiuoii n piüRcn ihn f»i8f':Gntocf:'.n*//AlM^r einen JU-rr, der Je nochYtjtA/pü e'ciont rt hte^vto on Din^'-^n, die ^inrc»! von ihm cusso* 8Y>>-orhHn '^aroni wi:*d e^ yo.. nun et nicht nehr rieben« Dio Thesen dor :^boii[pnoL.^ d3r P,r/-ol»itlori, der^ ?rol'-^tari<Stec;und der i.is.'^^on- 3.haft wordön die n?.upt£a'.,ulon do? ü-uon bloi>)en| t^n er errichten v;4rd, 3eine fixßtion auT di^^f^e CT- und-r: in7.ipl'>n v/nr dris vierte der d tenn'nierem en I-ireirni^'^so, dio in clienon zv;enzig Monaton mit iliiTi {?eG hrihen«|und dar "ti'to trlel) ^V' itcr* Die ]pwfinv,if| ont- (Bchei^envlea ''oncto ^-.ron no^h nl^^ht bf-end/^t«
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imu/ilR
Die or&te Nuirii^er der liaitsoJirif t war ein kompletter l'iss-
OttAJticht nachweislich^
erfolr# In Paris, v/ft fast 100. 000^^ lebten, los nur einer öieTgruend-
lieh, una des war, unf;iueciclicherv/i;ise, der preussieche Botschafter.
Er erxtc. eckte die stellen ueber diu bewaffnete Revolution uni machte
Meldun:^ nach Berlin — uno hier endete in Berlin eiler öpess.
üe\/iBR, die preudsiy^he Regier mir v/^^ iLiiier tesier f'^eworrien in
d r Ueber2ieuf^un^/, dass uie sozie.listia he Bewegunp nuetzlich fuer
si^ sni. j)ev üozii^liBmus, \veit f-ntfernu üb von, die Frono aer De«
ciOkrf.tie zu v rstt^erKen, veroprach im Gt^^unteii, sie zu
Bishur hatten Buerg^r unn Arb»- iLer (;e:.*üiusaiii die ko-nicliohe Auto- kr.^.tie Leleestigt und bedroht. Je mehr Erlolp die neue Mode haben v/uerne, ut:so mehr musi^.ten die bisnerif^en Verbuendeten sich selber in die Haare geraten. jÜ "Divide et impera*». Die kegierunr von berlin sah sich durch des Auikonr.ca des üdziaiismus in die Rolle des lachenden Dritten vc^^rsetzt ^und dementsprechend v^^rhielt sie sich. Sie hotte nichor dai^ef^en, dass die a'a sich Rroifende Mode eine soaii^lir.ti cthe 1-resse in Prous.sen erzeugte. Eine ganze Anzahl von
UiruJiLbi die doo l/u»rx^Dr
Zeitschriften und .ieitun^^en
ny*ir.r.n 'V'r'wr ^ — \ hatte sich aem Kanpf fuer das Iroletoriat
BompoQicai^ zugcwaaat, ohne-iiii geriuRsten darin gestoert zu v/erden. Von eini^^en wurae sopar bohaupt ,t, dass die Regierung selbst sie ins Leben gerufen habe. Das v.rr die allgemeine Poli- tik d r preussischen Krone gegenueber der sozinlisti-chen Stroe-
munrr
t
o
r diese Politik endete, selbstvorataendlich, wenn zur
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bewaffneten Revolution e^uf^erufen vmrde. ^evolunion, gloi?hgn&l- ti^ fU'-^r welchen -ismuB, v;ar t^bu« Und so k^n. v^ns Iconion r.usrite: der Oenerelstaatüanwalt stellte df^n preussisc herf/Dt» Karl Marr wegen Aufv/iefrelunf; zura bewa;ffn^ten aufstand unt^r Anklapie. Sr befnhl ri.^n Besr^huldiPiten zu v<:rh^ften, GObRld or di^-'^. Oron^.e dcc Landee ueberarhreite. Und x'/rj^^hwini dnjq dne pl^toni ^Jio Wassnahr.o v/ar, die dera Betroffenen in Au^r^nbljok nicht' vroh tot, j^ chnitt eine zweite Massnahme ins Fl^*isoh# Dir*. Klafuh*^ d^n aufm hr^ri: /hen
Heftes warde vnrboton, Ta-t die pa i'^.e fuor Pre^isron b ntirrnt
9
AuflPiP'e v/urde m der Gr^n'/.e bon-blr^/rn'^hnt* 3n3 rm^ste als Verlust abf^ebucht Verden» Und nl«i diorro."^ V^^rlur^t fcr^tstand^ rostand der Schweizer V^rleper, drp.^^ ^v Vr^^ire f'ittcl rr.hr h^bc, einr ?Avoite Nummer heraus zubrln/^en« Sich S'^lbnt -rkl^erfee ov nl? bnnkorott und dns Kapital, dps Hur^^ einrof-ohossc^n hnttc, nies vorlra^urht. Und bride«^ v^nr r^o^-^r vehr.
Der wievlt^lto der z^tf*^ Imetternden Schlao -o, die l -irl rrwr. betroffen hrtte> -^f r dps? Er konnte r>le ^auri noch z^ehlcn. Daß ünglupck klebte ?n pf=*1nen H-enr^-^n. v/pr r m^^riff^ ri^' zu^-runc*c# Hl^r saas er, in einer fT*er^?d^n Stedt, ir f.'in^^T f ro>Tjc on Lnnd^un €t 5a4^
nin.n in rlrji iuffr^
Er hrtte k^in G-eld* "Rr hptto nichtr, x'OT'^n an-
zuknuepfen# Seine Frnu ^".'"r schv.'enrer, un^^ ßlc r-'r in k^^i'ior gut<*^n Verf ea^nnr^* Statt d«=ps rie fu^r (^'^n Ha'\shr^lt sorr^n konnte, nusr.te fuer ?''i'=^ 3 2hber resor^t v/^rdent Ihr^" Muttf?r hatte ihr "d* n beatü reschiokt, dp« ich Euch schicken kenn: Lenchen ücnuth'' — df s tuech- tire Pnuv^rnr^iedohon Leneben Üer.uth, dp.q nrhon i.'i Kin'Uia.^lter aln
t
DienstTTiaffd in dr»8 H^üs \7eswelcn '^ekornen vjhr, und von ner aelteren
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Jenny erzogen ivorden wer/ und .^eil^her mit pl^goottischcr Liebe an ihr hinr» Ahor o^vrohl T.^Michon Dcnuth f]^Bn7i d.- s \:??r, v/p;n ihr I^ano bosap:te \ — a-oan BeY^^ut^U ludout;"j l ''^liiu.lllljy^^ '"| v;,-r sie eine Kopr und eine Verentwortunf/ nf^hr* Es du fte nicht Bf lii, daM die ZeitoChri^t uni Tginr:!
ünc vv ru 1 sollt siü uarK.'rp^Ghr^n? D r 3ohv;oiaer Varlo^'cr wer torrit sie \.oit3rzuf -^ jhmi, v;on:i Ru£;e v/oltaros Xrpitrd hör- '. gebe, 'Hr>F bcre ^htic-^ Hur^f^ kf^.iij/ w^^iteres ^vnpltal h( rzu.-^eben? Wie konnte er b-h-^nipten, nicht dr.zu v-rpflicht t 311 r^^ln? Er ha-cte dif^pe 3<-ohe anr-fgn- on. Er/ hntte ^^^s Shepeor ITarx aur ri.;n Krou:i- nr.chrr i-^efuf:l>i:-: Inn Aurlnnti ";cl.ocl:t. Kr r.ar sn3nn Vr^rantwortunt':;, sein Blßtt. Srin Nö^''e Btfl.n.i rnif c'.e: Titel. Sphrentc rr?( sich nicht/, u? seinen elen>'en BnnhkOAtos \ ill. n voa reinen norslirnhon und litereri'-'-hcn Pflichten zw derer t i. rcn?
A D. r Doktor Rvir^p blieb stoerri. 'h. Wf s n inen Esnk'-onto
näohy:^fti Zuseriin'vmbruoehon noch /.uccr-ut' t verdcr durfte, nunsts
/{(odex der
er/ allein ent oheli'en. Was am ^.q\ l IJ ■ l.un ftmtic un.j litcmri-
antel^inrte: l."- Y"r ' i^i' ' '. - i'.", v.\" ■■■■! nifitty
schon
«;
crrrunisr.us und
R: voliitiv-ri
^'Ltv*^ en'ct i u o't
ürirr schrieb Briofe an r^'^^insa"^.?^. Teka nte, von rienon er hoffte, dnns sia Kare untor Dru-^k r.etz( n v.i^.ien* »'Trot^. meinen Beniuehxmron, die Differenz in din Schranken des Anctn-idejs zu halten", klagte disr-cr, "schi pft V.zTX uehHroU ir. h-.liyliT'n Aur.druockcn auf n.loh".*) Die Beziehui:gern v;ur^en uebl ..r unä uetler. "ararr
♦) Arnold ^uo-e: BriefM und Ta^ebuchblaetter, r>» 3?0
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bekiennt sich zum KonLr.unisinua, ist ober nin FnnatÜc.^r den ii^oiamus.'»*) "Er verfol'^t mich 3]s»Buchhfiöndler»und»Dourr;eois» . Efl ist dahin pekonmsn, doss die tORtllrhste F..ind3!;hn.ft fortlr irit, ohne dass ich nein^rneits einen an.leren arun'i^v;el3s,| Pia den HnBs und die Verriierkthelt meines Oegn^^rg.^'^*) ^Habe gronso Vorrtrif) s'O.ichkoi- ten von seinen n'pjhrhRft Hbr^ea^hnpckton Hasfl p'er^en iiich Ä^ehabt. Ss scheint, er moooht^ dns VnrhaeltniR zn nlr bis niif rlio Erln- nerun- lor aoln — ^-nil ee Ihn l3:»;u^ckt, drian i-^Ji mich fu^rj/ver- wendet hn>r» , uncl v^eil er Jot^.t ---insifiht| d^^s^i ^>r 31- h ii ^^»riinen »Titteln geirrt hf^t.»^*'*^*) Ein^ '^inzl^o /^olli-^ion mi', nr.lnon per- so'^nllohf^n Interes?^en: und in Merxenn ••r^h'-'^nt^stlp.oh B-^-hwer^en ^ed-nkrrn^* v-^-rvanr^elte t'^.r 7*»^ unr\j/ Bei^htv^t'^^r uno Ilelf r vieler J'^hre nloh in ^In Hentil, d^s --^r zu T^-^r-trot^n bop-ehrta.
Ab^r bin er dieso Befri-^^difirun-^ hab^m konate^ rmsste er loben* Er brH':cht3 Geld, imc. er nrhiolt es •//Kr --rhielt aeld von d^r V/itv/e ^lest^h^l -n. Er ^rhij^t. einiges von nünheer Fhlll-^s. einen Neffen seiner iVutter,d^r «rf Cr3arvhaoftgyej.pnn raanch^ir-a von Holland nnoh Pnri'? k^n. Vor allp.n ^rhi'^lt or Geld du]'ch den Ar^ses- sor Oeorn: Tunr , neln^^n Be^^Anvnierer Rh^^ini*^: heu Anj-^ denkonr» D«r tT,,nr-H^^^l if^n^r Jun^ sennelte i-i ^ In TTnt^-'rc.t^i' t-^unr^ fu'^r d'^n /r'\<:jtranrieten K^rl Kiarx in P.-^ri'^* Kr saFinielte fu^-r 1^ n hanpt-
goer'^llch K^i den ebe^^-eli^-^n Aktlonneren der ehenaüpon ZeituriR« Und er ff^^nt bei den versechtlichen Bourgeois f^enup* Sympathie fuer
' Arnold Ru£e: Briet^ '^^'^ Topiebuchblaetter £» 3?^1
" " • • ^. 380
• • • i« 35^
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den bedraen^ten Intellektuellen, um M«rx in kurzer Zeit 36OO
«
Francs schicken zu koennen, und bald d-rauf noch ^Anr.\f^l roo* Dos^v;- r enskocTrunlich fu<^r pin jRhr.
Kein Sirnnl kuondAp;te en. d^ss 3pmn]un<n:on.Hii* TTntprstuetzun-
• W .
p:en, V/ohlt^etif:keit von nun ^bVden genzen Unterhalt des brilLnnton
Junpr^n Mennep Kerl M'>rx bilden vmerden. Niemand konnte d^^a ver- muten un^^ Hoch v;ird e? ro Pein. RUt äen Sennlunren und IJnterstuetzun- Ken von IPUU begann eine Existenz, die niemels nehr in lan/^en Jahrzehnten eine andere B^sis haben wird^i'^Und das wrr die fuenfte der entnnheif^ enden Wenr!unren, die dns Lehen K^rl Urvx in diesen zwanzig: tlonaten nnhra« Es v/^r nicht rtio letzte«
Er sasp nun als ein frr^ier Mkjdi Literrt und Intellektueller in Ppris« Df^s litorari^^'^he und intellektuelle Leben in der ♦'Haupt- Stadt ^ er Zivilisation'' nus te ihn interessierent Besonrers musste es ihn interosaieren als Sozl-^listl/zDenn v/achrend das frrnzoesl- sehe Volk, der bravo Durchs 'hnitt, ueber den Endkampf fu'^r die Otu^r{ßtQiui untnreinmder fluerterte, war die Tode der Saison in den f dingten literarischen Salons schon unverkennbar der^KoriTiunisnus. Wer chick sein v/ollto, liess sich nur noch unpern nit den Ideen der vorlf^on Spison ertappen* Die Modeschriftsteller beeilten sich, ihr« Buocher x|it einor anpienessenen Dosis von Proletarisnus und Wiserabilismus zu parfu nioren. Darin wetteiferten Eu^^ene Sue, der robuste /Entschleierer der '•Geheimnisse von Paris", Lrbe einos der inr'^ensesten Vermoeren Europas, mit der prezJoesen Georre Sand, deren v/irklidher Name beronesse PudMunt war# Selbst Heinrich Heine,
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ein Fixstern am lltpreriFChen
Firnamt-nt von Ppris, eher
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nicht entfernt so fixiert in pslren pol itlrr-hr,n J.'cinun,^en- hntte
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in (U'^i'fipr Seit koraunirti^i he Arma uUun^en. Zu '=?r-iinf>Ti oiueck vrr^ren e<=^ nur rorueh?r'L''ehon:)e \r)v;f^PMlun/c^en, ,'='onr^t h-ett'^i er ciie
als »^ Ine peho.ir^^, Hento zphlte, n.lnht rehr ^ut, v>^itcr ^nnehf^ien
m
koeii len.
IrUK
K^rl Ws^rl/durn^ iro'%r^ l'u^i ^'oinr^ <^5n;f-fn.ehrt wovC^n — and Heine war nlne Tut in die Weih (\rr/ erfol^-rpi'.^hrn T.lt^rr^tpn ui5 Intellekrtuell fn. Koch rine ani^-re fr^l-he T er r^b ep f u r yci-y* Sie ^*TT r-rkorp rt Ir '^Inm rnclrrn d3Uts'.-»hen Pi-^b-r, ^j^^n er noch in Coeln flii.f^htlf l^rnner r^'l^rn^ h« ttet//^-eör.<^ r'?n.'^e:'?:h. rier
donriornr'r'jl hll1.?.rr^4 Lyr5;--T drr Frcihrit^ die// '^^^i^-rnr Lerche«
der deut--hon D^Tr:okr- tie, hntte r\e n^er^h^nhFif t^ neclsrie peKebt^
(Vor die ein .^*unr*^r Autor nieh ertr'-'^iri^r. Icr^rn» ai?- r»r ?icVv •^.yrei J-hren
umjubelt vor e'^thiiFülnw^^tirr-hen Pr r ik-pl-^n, nuf ein^^r Vortrr r^prei^e
in ^U'^rlln Vrjffinif.| 7;r.r er ]^'lo ti ■■]. l>"h vo; < preue':'?.- c>>en Koeniig
zu einer AiKMor\% ^-:*,nrnlri'?en vor^Vn, nn-" jT^^ir-e r«» jps+-^'^^t Iv t^f- ci
li^ ' 'Mo r>eßrn-ei*('^un'- hlnzur-' f ue/^t, (^.^cs Foeehptc'e^^eelbe F,ich i?a-
Tser gern vor. inerr ^'A^-ier'li^'f.n O'^^'^ner ** V'Tn^'ip;^* ^U^I'M >'u : — "fvin
r-rit" )1 i'Cs ^.f:r * ine our'>T>''^f;l'^che '3en^p1;'lon ^e-\vor>oiu
Si-j hatte (!^ri Autor mvif •-''pr Stelle ein r hi-er releb.e^ B^rl.vner
M.'";e *''hen el^i Ciattln v^^nr^hnfft, unr! ^^tv^ps ?peotf*r eine blen^iendo
Aufn-- hne ia ^'or V'-^riv^r '^'Csell^chofz.jr:^ i^ih nicht T^iel Genein-
oa*-.or. s^;i^'^hcn Mer^ nm"^ S'^ir.nn beiden nrfolf^c^<:.>}croont^'-n Lendnleu-
ten. Die iBeziehan-^m blieben viuenti, Ab.^r belvle fu hlt-n ?}ieh ilim
in r iriGi ßewis.-en CrjV'de V'^rpflichtet. Unter den Deut -chen in Pcris^
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beoDnä':;rs unt'^r Aen llnkrn, herrschte crnstllcho Vorntiniaun/^ f^t>^Ji
dd'^ bf^i'^en
1 linlcen^ deutschen Dichter» 3io nahrien dem
eirv^n n vlnn ncuon l'HUonr^e-^n-AllTicr^n nobel, \inr dnr anderen seine pl'' Htftohl'^ch bekrnrct w-rdaado ^{ontn nur 6o.t Tnrtcho den frp.n- socj^isrhen Konnirpi« Dio Atmo^phrero zwlfv hon ä^n Deut^ ^hnn in Vr.vX-' und ihr?n zvr^i Lorbectrnef '-»rn vmrle .«liftlrt ^Tho Gornana in rpri^i**, nrhrie^ P^-jIno, ''nr-'^ n r^rolc of fooln,, bor^^rra v/ho threa- t-^n v;hen one r^i-^-oü th'^n nothinri ro'-*aeB ".vho nlv:ays txiCH of honor an^: Fntherlnnd, li^^rn na>l thio\es"«|TIun, H^.rr n^ hn in aller TIntor- hf^ltun^'^n f'-ir^^^i • fi)r»r a io Dlchtr^r p'-^rtei, — boron^'nr^ .^rinnif^, 3f?lt ^n^ ni'^h :;^u fl m Tadl.^rn fT-osellt hatte* ßr vertoidip;te r^egen d1': "Phlllf^tf^r*' dio h-^ond r^^i TJe^bto den Genies. Das schuf ein /rc^-isc-eg ^n.n/^ 7.v'i^:5r^hen ihr Tind Ihn'^n, unl '^r h.^itte Gole^^onhoit, clnrn Blioir :ln Ibr T'lllqu zu n'r rf en# » s^.h dl 3 naronhnften Ealons d r Pr1n7.enrln Polfrio^oso unl d-r Cortenne dVAroult, in denen Chopin \\\ r! 4"^ J- ^ ' -^J ^ '^ '"^ ^-^ ' " -'' '^ "^ ^ " "^ ^1^-^ brvTruor-r^t^n, und in denen
«
die !Ilet-):^l^''^r n^^d Inint*^; Gulzot und AdolT).^ e Thi?rs rlc^ unter- hi<ilt^n nit der B ul-itiM- Mf^^"^ li n '^iifrr t(
A^ar c-.r v^^t ein .^ehi* kl'- iner I/arn iv dier''ia rvTilicu, — unbe- ohne ?Te'^'-n, ohro L' 1rtun'-# "Rr nt.end in/ hint<^rsten Schatten, vrrpenlct ^e^^n Stol/'t Vl^l «nrenehmer fa^^hlte ' r sich im
r
Er-^if^e eini -"r .^uarl^hher AriatoJcrpt-'^n, die nelber seine Bekennt- gohpft f?f su^ht hritten un^T ihn, vrlo er nrrte, ^au"' Hcen^ en trafen'**'*') Vrr !'ltt.r^Tpun^t vn^v eia rfVf\f Griß:ori^ Tolato^, eer ein piroar^es . llMin hi-^lt, un^ hit-:lp enthufjl-.sni' rt \''\t fw-^r die oaohe der Frei-
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134 hejt, nni* i^n viel Sctiriv icheHi-^ft'^s Sft "te* Krst oiiiri, Jf^»j-c spnetcr 1/ird vi^h hKTaxiFB tellfjap cIqos ^ er Orpf von ül^ rucclcc ^.en Regie- runr rlr ^In ''ontleiiCin-Splori n^ch P- ris rmootzt rovCen ^^c.r» GeiiB Auf ^•r^r» -"V^ hrr.^^uszul : Inr^n^ \'rr» In dleßc^n Treit!:-. ug von Devolu- tion '»n ncunn T-evolutf-OPif ercn Bliioten kei' r.
A^:r rller i;; ülltr feno -on^ hellte ::r'rx ;" r kolno .^uit ^aor
notA'on i<"' "^ur r i^:n cnvrcs^n^ ue>"or rdn Arl ritF— leid, clnon pj-^ck-
tl rh^^n Fr' ruf t'io^- sl^^h^ nFirhi-'.udonkcn* Und rr h:. ttü d(;i\ f.roöEen
«
SntrnMurn refrs'"t.^ r\c> r^oin ?eld r*lir>n uiid klcr cbii .>oz.1c.l:u'UUS SU l)ctrrchton; rloh (Vr Soz-^nllrruic >:t; vidr < n nie rrlnea Perurl
Inn ^^n^eknnnt" • ronny, o''^yf ohl ^ii: b:if;'*l>.*n ciear^tll h, \ ni' fo£«i.- nl'ert von ( r^T Setlonrrof^sr.o, r* ie Ihr ToJt
UJ C<.:i. y.'u^Ain-
-x-^
n «^nit dior»:ri r/iwcj-^^ Kntr.- lilar>ß 1^^y;.'C£1s IJa
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fu^-^r lie Arr.-Ti und Elen'''>n zn "i-fi-.-nl/p'.v r-strelchel ,c ihre HexKU
?rier(';l^^'3 I'lsci'^n^ un?; er n-^hn r^n o'^nntt A^^ r wollt rtlo nicht en-^l'ch lern^n^ l^^ocheirr er, sv"^ fr^ Iziin? ohen vo i üi/oi ;':onan- tll' un^ üentlr. nt"3 1t.?Gt? Di:-" kl In*- .Tc.nny rus-ta t reite ' isson^ dcFft ihr Vp.nn Pot^ntlk im'T rt'-^rtl'n^nt.-'li" '-^t .1 '•••5r v,"-'ni-'-.r Vf:r- tru". 'Vnn sl- selinn Kn^nohlnsr! nucchtern snnly.;i..^re, de -in, aacte er Ihr, "n^arr^.e nlo ^r.tflonkcn, <1r??;i l::n die Snohe dca 3oj;i;:!lisE;U3
4
ein^f.-h Intorcna i'^ru, -.'n bsd'irftt» fe-dnor Et!iik, un :2u "rklooron, <1«S8 "in neuf^s, fast lim^rfr^ruli -ho K^ld, voll von konfuoen, fes-
/
135
^ %^^\n^<^^:i Fra^:en luagnetisch wr^r fuor einen Inteilektueilönfpus-
serdeiri mocht . es sich aucli jf-f-f niclit ali^ so unprakois ii erv^eisun, porpcle hlt^r clio bezwinronden Ltarstun^ en /.u vollbrin^^en j(l]mtu.rei- 'uuLij.>Mi'ü \}. -3/, uatnn)^un(^ Hie dominierende Stellung zu -roLern, fiU^li'iM. ]). 3r ^yilu 9^ voii uerinn ^-r eeil seiner incilicit trr.eurri- to, z^eiirto Mir'h nicht deutli.^Jt f/ohu/', in \^' liwiern Tr-]^i)o '. ^r üo- zirlisKiue vonv;pertHil-^ln<-t? In (irni, vier Jr-^hren \;iru die^ un^/ider- steJili lie w:>t?'Oi-nunr in f^ijieiu Leiu! n^ch <ierri niideren zui lu^riJv.'haf t i^elnn^^en* -e?^ d^inn oine (grosse Fi^rur iii d^r üb.voe:iun r-^cjiu v/ira, d^-n r;9f'' 3ie v/oit tr^e^on; v/.:ifc unc hov-h* Liaa icloino. Jonuy laag dann, wer v:oi^;s nonii zur orntcin Dane vo.i r^ris v't^.rdeii; Oviur vo;; Trier, -
VOM Pro sran, vo t aottv/Qiünv;a?.|v io doii aucli oei, ni^ liocharuck
sich musst'^ der I.iOhr ^/T^/;t a.i die Arh^.it .iochon* lis v;.r ^einj .ioit uohr
( ' zu v--?rlioron» 'Ve ' 1 1 Aa-:«:nl>li^ Ic de, iJuronbi-achB nioJit soiion au*r
den Kardia der nOgt; reitofc, aer wird • uoh. danji vyieo.r^r iint(m bleiben« Ks eiltt^ l K:-rl ^.prx ^aua te etv;«a zn« tändle brin^^^^nl
i:Jr r^sate d-m Plr.n, eine n^ ♦iartip;e Oesc hicnte (S^v ^'rossen franzoosis hen Kt^volutlon zu «'Vrir^im a^ oi^ sollt-^- zu^rleich das a\itorit'ftive Lelirbuoli fu-^r die He^voiufcion von nor^f^.n sr-in. Vvochen- Ir-n^ saf^s er ii der Bibliothek und v^n-d^ ; üb :ioli in "^ie /ael]en# Als ',r oinsr^h, .d^-^^s.s die Arbeit colloysalisch sein una f3ndioüe /ieit erfordern vmcr. e, .^,nb t:r d^n Godtinke i v;ioav;r aar#
K)' \7?ndt nich dar. iohlen'.cn }>e\.ci3 fuor die Unentrinnbar- koit Igr i.>ozi.'- liarius 7s\x. Die i^atalix^^^et, iniw» r.ep ufö horriru-hcnde ,
oA'o^^^MAi^e Syiiiter ^,ar: ^itorb^m v.rurteilt itt, \»ar nucl; zu b uv;c is un« Jie
Philosophiü Fius&to dazu in die IJie< erun-* der Spezi:;!-:, isyonischaft
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horunt^rsteif.en. KinifV KeiUitnlane iji (lex' Ookoii^iio v;aren hahoo- ti -t.l.'.nr;: fc.o;^pnri seine eiöte oekononii-i ho L^.ktuove. "Uic Lirfor-
Sf.liun/- de.r politisohen UekoriouiG hi;:ann ich l-\ Inriv. ,'•''•') lv iaa,
■YohAM. , ^
paru-.e üefto r.iit, Hau j [Mm. h lUr.llüml, da ctrci llnupt-'Mcrlcu cor drei
Klonnilcer A(W.i Siuich »h*. Uic.rdo und Jor.n I.apti:;t.o Jcy, — uie
dvel v;erkö uoa nrsten aonoütei's dcü* i>tU(:aii^oHT\ A'ror v;nnir darin emurnion iiim voi\.rnt als bewoia l'a^r die iUiG^litc.etj-'i'Iiüoriü ver- v;eaclbar# üichtlich mxx^zV o er noch nanchen iJieh:' loa an r.acs on, öIid
Abor blieb es nittlerv/oile ai^'hb waiir, ciaar. v.er L.O/:ir liü/ioa
urirnoe
^.'^ich nlLoih i:a Studier^!' nisr ^^eboren/ vverri.on Iror.rit'.? Auü-
a
er c(3r Philonophie vmr nuoh cU.s Prolet^riLit notv;on^ir> ''die? ijtite-
' rlollo Waffe ^ or Philosophie" • I) r i-hilofjopli, der d- s Proleta- ri-t in uie Scnlaoht fuhrrju soll, .aurjs? vorher dr:3 Prolotorict hinter i^ich >^ebr<^3Cht imbr-u* U.u e? Jiintor nich zu biin;/en, nuss er es tcennen
^Krrl iVrry; Vorrede zur ''Kritik: d^-r Politischen Oekonorriie'^^
) Dif-^llef t^:^ i'ii^ tuiirmn Exnnrptu'a hnb.in >iich orhrl-.rin unri ^1n?^
fntlicht xn <\hV !'ohK^^um' Go>sH;.t-AunrfibO| l^,.ate g\^ t> ilunriy .Band, 3
c
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136 .
und handhaben lernea* Karl Ivlarx, der weltenweit entfernt vom Proletariat p-elebt hatte, stuerzte sich ins Proletariat.
Er f^ln^ in Vorsa^j^.luaren franzoesiacher Arbeiter — in ninif^e der zahllosen kleinen p(onventikel, in denen buorge liehe Intellek- tuelle ihre diversen Nueoncen von oozinlinmus einern paar Dutzend schon r^ev/onnonen Arbeitern einschaerf ten. Er hatte das Glueck, aus diesen lebenden Proletariern alles aas herauslesen zu koenneh^ was er vorher in die Pi oletarior seiner L irr^imi bi^a hinein^'iele-
sen hatte. Er schrieb: •'Die gloenzendsten Resultate s hauen einan I
an, v/enn raRn sozi^listis he frcnzoesische ouvriers Vv;reini;'*t sieht. Die Brued rlichkeit der Mens hen ist keine Phrase, sondern 4inB Wahrheit bei ihnen, unc dur Acel der l'ensoallchkeit leuchtet uns aus den von der Arbeit verhaerteten Gestalten ent/re/^en.»**) Und wieder: ^Wn muss aas Studium, die Wissbepiierce, die sittliche Energie, den rastlosen Ent\vicklunp;stetrie/der franzoesischen und enr:li chen ou riers kenrien pele: nt haben, U' sich von «len mensch- lirhen A^elVeine v oi^tellunr nnohen zu koennen.^**) In der Tat, er hatte d^s Glueck, ??ich uob rzeu cn zu koennen, dass die Pro«- leterior nicht nur ebenso ethisc^h und i.ortvoil i^ind v/ie die uebri- Pen Menschen, nont orn bet: aechtlich ethis her und vertvoller.
Abnr bei den frnnzoesis hen ouvriers koaate Karx, ein unbe-
*) KRrl ::?^>rx: In ren unveroeff entlichten Studien zu einer ^Kri- tik dnr Politik und ^Intionr^feekononie^, MosKaUfJJ" Gesamt-Auscabe, Erste A teilunp. Band 3» P* 135 iM- F /
'•'*)Kprl_Warx: Die lloilipe Familie. »>rQskauQr Gesant-Ausr'abe, Erste
Abtnilunp, Band 3, p. ^$6
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kannter Auslnen^ier, nur ein Zuhoerer sein* Er fand Arbeiter, bei denen er moeglicherweine mehr sein konnte: deutsche Arbeiter ♦ Deutsche Arbeiter in Parisl
Vor JTnhren w^r in Paris ein "bund der Gerechten" (Uebers«: ••Leap;ue of the Juaf) ßef;ruenü63t worden, mit Filialen in anderen Hauptr-taedten Europas* Der Gedanke w r gewesen, auch unter den ins Ausland verschla^^^ea n deuts hen Arbeitern sozielistisrhe Tendenzen zu verbreitenJj Der Gruemlor war eine der pittoreskesten FlfTUlren unter den Radikalen Europas* Dieser Wilhelm Weitllifc w
r
v/ar
wirklich ein Proletarier. Ein fronzoeiisrher Offizier der napo- leonis''-hen Armee hatte ihn v.^aehrem^ der Besatzunf^s-Zeit mit einem arTien preussisohen Dienstmaedchen /^ezeupt, — un dann^ üellj^rcr
[dl ich! zu V rsc!hv;inc'en*J Der Sproesslinr v;ar ein Schneider- renelle p;ewornen und hatte si<^h mit fanatischem Fleiss eini:^e Bil- dunr anreeipnet* Als ^r seine drei Trhre in r.^^r preussl.sohen Armee haette abdienen muessen, war er ins Ausland .|ir)rlohüni^ Er v/ar durch die Laender pev/andert, ein Rebell mit jedem Blutstropfen, und ]U&.
hatte ^s sich eine eigene Spielart von Sozialismus; er-
()
funden#/lZwei Buecher von ihm w^ren veroeffentlicht worden und hatten Aufsehen renacht — dns zv/eite mehr Aufsehen als er vniens 'hen konn- te. Denn er hatte darin ein-^n Christus beschrieben, der nichts anderes war als einYWeitlinp:: drs unelieliche Ki id eines armen
Dicnstm-edchen^ Maria, ein Kommunist und Hevolutionner aus I.ethle-
cito- B^a^>?Äfi^-^x<;£ hem« Die Behoerden de Schweiz hatten 4f*f/ uebel f-^enonimen* Er war
zu sec^hs Wonpten Gefaepnis verurteilt worden, und f2:erade eben sass
er seine Strafe ab'jFuer Karl Marx xvar nie Fif^ur Wilhelm Weit-
y.
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liiiPts ein v/elteres Arpunent, wenn er seiaien T)roletnrin. hon En- thusiasnus rationell reohtfertipien sollte* »»Wo hne- te die Bour- geoisie, ihre Philosophon und Schrif tp'elehrten eingerechnet, et- was a^hnliches aufzuweisen?^, schrreb er in diesen Monnten seines Junren Proletarismus uebor Weitlinps erstes Buch. ''Verf^loicht r.:an die nue^^ht-ane, kloinlnute I'^itte laaessif^keit der deutschen Lite- ratur mit diesem masslosen und brillnnteti Debuet der deutsrthen Arbeiter, verfrloicht man diese/ riesenhaften Kinnorschuhe des Proletpriats mit aer iiiwerp;haftif?'keit der ausf:etretenen politischen Schuhe der deutnchen Bourgeoisie, so muss man den deutschen Aechon-
broenel eine Athleten.^e;5talt prophezeien^*) V/aehrend er das schrieb, y^t)T Marx ith^hoc^ ein Sta jnfTaat in den von VVeitlinrr r;ef^ruendeteli ''Bund der Grerechten*' in Paris*
Der Bund hatte sich, p:enau penonrien, rar nicht zu einer Vereinip^un.'? von Proletariern entv-ickelt* Unter Proletariern in den Sinn, in den das Wort jetzt p:ebraucht wir e, und in de auch Marx ^olb*!!/ es inner .«rebrauchte, v/aren ausschliesslich die indu-*
1oao
strie'^len Arbeiter in den modernen Fabriken verstanden,
• ■
nc^rnntitriin ihnn Affit-n r t.qt.onr^pr] Yfff^^nt Di^ deuts« hen Arbeiter in Paris da^^e^en, Schuster und Schreiner und Uhrmacher und Metzf^er, waren eher Handwerker alten Stils* Seit den Mittelalter pflegten die unt^rnehm^^nderen deutnchen Ilandv/erks -Gesellen iiqjf!uuii**| einif^e Jahre lanr durch Europa zu v/anriern, in dieser und jener Stadt Arbeit zu nehmen, um schliesslich in die Heinat zu-
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K 'rl Ifarx: Artikel in der Pariser Zeitunp ^OT\meTts^. Moskauer
Oesamt*Auspabe, ürste Abteilung, Band 3 >? . /cJ"
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rueckzukehrerii und "b Ich dort als l'eis^ter (Uebers#t ^naster croft»«
Tnen*^) zu etabliererit Aus solchen Hand\'vrkern bestand in der Haupt-
Ebenso Sache das Publikum des ♦•Bund der Gerechten»' in Paris. X:
v:8r dia Proletarier Weitlinß
als Praesidenfr) ein
bourf^eoiser IntellektuellePi Dalg^or >liftj Modiö. aus Danzlgy fiefolrt* |Und das panze Din^ war eine kleine üache, — nein Gott^ welch ein winziprr Finperhut von einem ♦*Bund»*l Moses Hess, der schon mehr- fach und Inn^e in Paris frewesen w^r, hatte bisher von der Existenz dieses kormnunistisr^hen Vereins deutscher Handwerker ebenso v/enig p^ewusst wie diese von it«^ wussten.»»*) Aus zehn und V'ena es hoch kam zwanzig Koepfen bestand des ruMikiori^ df^s in d^r Vorstadt Vincennes in Hinterzi- rier eines Bistros zusanrienzukon; en pfleptg, und sich von den Doktor Ev/erbeck aus Danzir sozialistisch unter- weisen lioss-« "Anderthalb Iiandv;erksburs<^hen^| spottete Ruf^e/. ^Verr hnt sich in den hiesigen deutschen Koraiunismus p:estuerzt»^| schrieb er einen Freund vcrstaenönislos. "Uninoeßlich kann er die- ses traurige Treiben politisch wichtig finden« Eine Wunde, wie sie diese hier eroberten anderthalb Ilandv^erksburschen zu ir^achen Imstflnr^e sind, wird Deutschland aushalten koen.^ien ohne viel daran
zu doktern. "*t)
Aber fuor Mari symbolisierten diese paar Handwerksburschen die Crrossnrch' von nor^^en« Untnr ihnon w^^r or puch kein kleiner Wannt Sie v/aren reschrteichelt, dass ein off enbarUDedeutender Ge-
c
'•') Theodor Zlocistii Moses Hess p# XLIV
"•**) Arnold Ru^et Briof;e und Tarebuchblnetteri p. 359
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lehrter ihre Creoollßchaft suchte« Sie Xnxisrhten/ respektvoll
4.* f,l
dem Junten Intelloktuellen, den aein m^iochti(,^or Bort
aeltor ern^helnon llosQ*//Dnnn und v/ann onpfand l'ara: dunkel, desc
es nicht v;eiter ring als bis zwi Respekt* Sie soosen do und sopen
an ihren Pfeifen, und li'iiner verharrten sie in einer It^t^ten Re-
sertre rerenueber diesen frendertlron Tn>^ dfir Kunntstuccke an
Trnpez der Lofik vor ihnon vocruohrte* Ira Grunde wnren sie auch.
rar nicht so sicher, ob sie v/irklich die Dinpe bof;ehrten, von
denon nr ihnr^n sacte, dnss sie sie bocohrlen« Berohrton sie wirk«
lieh dess alle I/eni^ohen gleich seien? V'f^r ihre Sehnsucht v/irklich
eine Veit, in er alle Arbeit von kollossalen, ti aunihaf t leistun^^s-
feehiprcn Stoats-P'a' riken cetan wucrde? lianch:.al schien ihr Icleol
velt e^er, noeglichst rasch eine eigene kl- ine Werkstatt mit c^ter
Kunds^^haft aufnaohen zu koennenJ/Aber Uv.rx zweifelte nicht, dass
solche Atavismen von den forts^'hroitonden neuen Kiasijonbevaisstsoin
bald voellip: v/egpes^ ^ve^rt sein vmer^^en# IIui noch ein birichen mehr
sozial ist in he ErziohunTf und sie vmerden excellente Soldaten
der Ihilosophio sein* Und er sah diese Soldaten aufbrechen// und
neue 3oldntt)n v^rbon* Alles nuss Irccndv.o be^'^lnien. In seinem
Bistro Oeirt wiron die paar deutschen Handwerker in der. Pariser
♦.• -1 i'
der Nuclrus der unornesclichen Armee des velt-Proletf^riats, die seiner Vedurfto, und deren er bedurfte» Gan-<: gewiss nahn er die an^ierthf^lb ütii'ttuViliifür \ ichtirjl
Sein r^anzes Leben lanp v;ird er fortfahren mit cen Vorsuch, sich nehen einen abstrakten elcenon Reich eia zv/oitos koiilcretes, eirenes i«^oich zu bilden: neben einen Koich von Ooktriiion ein Reich
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von Arb eitern* Der Sprunp von Schreibtisch ins Proletariat v/ar da» seoliste der determiniorenr^en Erelf^nisse^ die in diese zwanzig Monate des Marx* sehen Lebens zusamnen^edraengt v/aren. Und noch linnier waren die determinierenden rlreirnisse nicht erschoepft»
Obwohl auf den Markt dos Soziallsnus der Name Karl ITarx noch keinen Klanfr hatte, sah f-r selbst sich jetzt als Konkurrent im sozialistischen Markt, — und v/ns dos bedeute, laachte er sich
k±k Sontiiienta-
mit exenplariB-her Abwesenheit irr-endvnlcher
litaet und Ronantik klar. Alles, v/as er auf diesem Markt erreichen
konnte, wuerde er nur erreichen p:ef:en den Widerstand jedes der
anderen fuohrendon Sozialisten* D-s yjp.r ihm selbstvorstaeadlich^^o^ ^^^«öä
Ich W'^rde FeindS'-^haf t setzen zwischen Dir und den hindern, kuen-
«
diprto ihn die Sti me der Zukunft an« \ ÜHlJUiSit I ill r^t anmltiX botwoon thn nnd th- ^-^Hr>T^o |)/Ahr.T^ noch j&itte er keine eigene Doctrin vollendet, fuer v; Iche und mit w Icher er die Iwuriprü lülL ll^ii^i haette bep^innnn koennen» Und am v/eni-sten konnte or schon mit denen, die bfjjoAto ix>Ln^^P iiirinnp der Beruehintheit stQnden,
Proudhon, der zur ieit beruehmteste aller Sozinlisten, der Proudhon dos "Ei^^-^^ntur-^y ist Diebs tahll", v/uensohto die lle^^el^sche Philosophie kennen zu lernen. Es fehlte ilm dazu die Kenntnis der deutnchon Sprache* l/.an saf^te ihm, dass ein gev/isrer Dr* Marx ^
sich in Pfiris befinde, der ihm die Soche b. stens erklneren werde. "Du^ing nrolonf^ed discussions, which often laf.ted far into the ni'*ht, I infected hin vnth HeRelinnisin",*) wird Marx v;onifre Jahre spaetnr erzaehlen, — in einer Zeit, in dor er sohon mit den Kolben
K^?T Marx: Brief an Schweitzer, 24.. Jan. 1865, Selectod Correspondenccy ^ (LuL riir^rxnnr:^I?ow Yorlc) ttoe r lirief vuJdo von Sohwottrioi» Im plot Hgll m aym Wu. iC/ia üulnui zlwiLjUulft ■Di-.-r Oealnldonolcjot"
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142 auf den poT)Ulaersten Mann am Karkte (^Inschlu^;. In jenem Jahr I84.4 kontrollierte er noch seine hwf lli^b Antipathie und verhielt sich respektvoll. Er beglueckwuensohte Proudhon we{';en seines "vigoro- sen Stils" und rseiner "neuen, kuohnon, epoche machenden Gedanken.
Selbst seine Antpathieen pep-en n^ere Beruehmtheiten koa-" trolli(H"tu er.jjBakunin, der kollossale, expansive Russe, der zwei
Jahre vorher in Rügens Zeitschrift die herannahende demokratische
auf Revolution begruesst hatte, tauchte in Paris. Er v;ar jetzt kein
Demokrat mehr, sonr'.ern ein iv\iiulo»hüm' inw uoimiuuia b» | We itling hatte ihn bekehrt. Der deutsche Sohneiderceselle und der russische Ari- stokrat hatten in der Schweiz Bekanntschaft miteimjnder .^emacht. Ihr Verhielt nis w-^r so enr gev/orden, dass Bakunin als Weitling verhaftet vmrde, fast mit verhaftet worden waere* Jedenfalls 1b tte er es geraten {refun^'en, das Land der Alpen, der Republik und des Calvinisraus zu verlassen. Nun, Bakunin bep:ann, eine Rolle in Paris zu spielen, und ebensowohl unter den Arbeitern, v/ie in der Creme der Gesellnchaft,//sr hatte auf keinen Gebiet irgendetv;as gelei- stet, hatte keine ueberrarf/henda Kenntnisse, war arra v/ie eine Kirchennaus — aber rnetr.elhaftorv/ iseplo.^en alle Syinpathieen ihn zu, wo irmer er sich zeigte, If/ohin irrmier er kam^ war er in Nu der Mittelpunkt. Auf Arbeiter besonders, auf Arbeiter jeder Nationa- litpet — und es gab Arbeiter jeder Nationalitoet in Paris — wirkte dieser vulkanische Kebell fasoinierend» Er sprach ihre Sprache» Und er sprach sie nicht nur linf^uistisch, dank *^iner aussernewoen- liehen Befaehipung, jedes beliebige Idiom in ^\\' ntnt.ninr^j kur- ze^^/iieit \ris aui f^
ri^^^enen
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sprach die Sprache ihrer Seele. Er war durch und durch Iiistinct und Gefuehl, nicht i^ptf. Er war mit jeden Wort und jeder Bewecunß v;arme Persoenlichkeit, nicht gl? eserner charfsinn, Tatsaechlich hatte er alles, was Marx fehlte, und ^«m1^ von der Stunde, in der die beiden sich zum ersten Mal/ sahen, reagierten sie mit fast physischem Wiäerwillen af einander .^wwe met fairly often", wird Bakunin spneter schreiben, "because I very much adnired hin for his knov/ledfce and for his passionnte a'ui earnest devotion to the cause of the Proletariat, althou^h it alv/ays had in it an adnAxture of personal v^nlty; and I eaperly sourht his conv- rsation v/hich was (/«'nstructive and witty so lonr as it v;.°s not insiJr'd by petty spite — v;hich, unfortunately, happened very often. But there vras never real intlriacy botween us. Our temperarnents did
not allow it. i:
•.«.» «»«•«•*#«
Ile called
me a
nentinentnl Idealist; and he v/as ri^ht. I called him morose, vain, and treacherous; and I too was ripht.''*)|Trotz dieses Anta- ponisnus der Temperanente achtete Warx d; rauf , dass die Beziehunrren /orrekt blieben. Manchmal dachte er, wie nuetzlich es waere, wenn ' eine Art Ehe zwischen ihn und Bakunin sicji als noef;lich enveisen wuerde. V.'enn dieser Hohlkopf — war er nicht ein grpesslicher Hohl-
I
Icopf? sich ihm unterordnen wuerde, wenn er sich legnuerien wuerde
mit der Rolle eines üe/^undanten und Adjudanten, so vm^rde seine mysterioese Feehißkeit, Menschen und Massen zu gewinnen, unschaetz-
sich
>Ta
bereit
bare Dienste leisten k08nnen.|Aber ^er ^
unterzuordnonl Alle diese Apostel dachten nur an sich, und vmerden
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♦) S.H.Carrt Michael Bakunin, p. 129
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U4 nie und nlnner QUf''ül)on, Ihro oigenon Parolen zu orfimen und zu yersnhlelf^son, ihro Qlf!;enen TTonen ln»s Licht zxx stollon, Ihr eirenes 3 uMlkum nufzubauen. Alle vmerden norpon von Ihn
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vordrnenrt, b^sia^t werden nuessen* ^;u Proudh m, zu Pflkunin^ zu WeltllnTf sofrrr zu den ^f^uten Kerl» Hoses IIqbb santc er in der Kelnlichknlt Sf^inor Oednnken, was er ein?'t /.ji an Coelnor iveintlsch IfiUt 7.U saren peliebt hatte: fleh v/erde Dich v^^rniohtentf »Zaehne- fletnchend und rrlnsond wird Mf^rx alle ßhlachtoh, die ihn den
ftep; vprtroten»^*), prophozei/^to nupe^^ der Hin nlt boecon Aujien be obachtote#
Aber or kan einer, d *r bereit v/er, sich untcrzoordnon« In Paria orschlon zu oinotn kurzen Eonuch der Jun^e I'ann with a loote of qlnüat boyioh irmaturity^ — • Joner Friedrich' Knf;ols, fuer den l>rx in Coeln k ine Geduld ßehöbt und denl/Iiess dann zum y^rinunisten
Renacht hatte* In der Zv/ischenzeit \;ar er in uen gluockloo
^)\\\y tiun/'^Jahrbuo :hern^ (gedruckt worden. T]x\C. jetzt horf f^ ■ n.i" ruf /
einen besseren Enpfanp*
Er kon aus Knrland» In Ivlancheoter l esass die Finic Plngels eine zweite Fabrik. Das ents^rt<»ch ihren Hanp. Eine Fima, die zu den feinsten frorcchnet xtnrden wollte, durfte nicht nur in Barmen fabrizieren, die musste auch in I'ancheotor^ der '»'elt.haupti^tadt der Crarno und Stoffe, fa' rizieren. !Iur das verbuorr:ta die erste Qualitoet ihrer ^.are. Ebenso nusste ein zuku nfti^or Textil-Fabri- kant, der zu t^n feinsten f^orechnet v/:rdon sollte^ ei vi^^e ^eit In ranchostor j^oarbritot haben# oo vzar Friedrich Sn^cls, nachdom
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*) Arnold Ruf^e: Brie">B und Tepebuchblaetter, p. 3 1
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•r sein Mllltporjnhr beendet; hette, zu Eignen «c Enp-els aach Man- chester f^oschlclct werden*
Kr hptte ein tieltnarps Doppelleben dort refuehrt.iföoine Ar- beit in ^f^ntor hatte er corrsct ^eten, — obvfohl ^r den^^huendis^^hen Corimerz*' riln elnl^^ornasr en entehrend enpland* Ebenso /orro^ w?ir er flen Pflichten nechrev^on^on, die den Sohn des Feirikantea Sn^els in der ruten fi-esellpchf^ft von Henchoater ob nren* Vielleicht war er in dioser Beziehung! sorar nähr als nur iforro^t rewosen* Die gute Geflellnchf^ft von Manchester bosnss Landgueter, und zu den Landguetern fifehoerten Jaf^dpruenr e. Nun, Knr;els rmr oin '»rosser Jfic^pit und Reiter vor ^'om üerrn. (flMium.; "a/ iiilr.litji Imjacr t ef oro th^^ LarSTl ¥on öen eher •^rurltanio^-hen rJelinlt, (las sein /ffuHiei^ ' err* ilün auszah- len liesa, hielt er alch ein eifones Keitplerd. tlncl nichts vrar schoe- nor f>uf der Welt, als die: f 1 tu« i iui/ Fuchs.lagden It roten Rock die irrl«: 11 Uli.! ui.l '.. ^\ü fiiiil i iid hinoer der I'eute der iindo, Uta zu
don r-eliebti^n Jardr^n einrela'len zu v/erden, hielt o.r s-ich gesell 3 -haft- lieh tr^dellos.
Ab^ir zup'l'^lch nit dle.^fün LeVon auf <\or Sonnenseite hatte er in?^-<?heln ein «>oiteufl u jh f^anz anderer *iH rölebt^//ln l^ in^ >n freien Stunc en zo/^ pt sich s hlochtere Kleider an und mischte ^i^h unter die ötiefkin er des Schictcßols» I3r v;ollte ein revolti ron es Buch ueber ^Die Lage/ er arboiten- en Klasse in Encland»» s-hro bcn^ (tfe*^4*^i«- O'^ndl^i'^n of the Vf3;'kini" Olfias in Iinp;lanid"| und dafu^.T sa:^:elte
er Ziiff orn and Tatsachen* Ein rothaarlfxs irlschoe Proletarier-ilüed-
chen hatte seinen Weg .^r^ekreuzt^ und er lobte mit Uary Burns v/ie
Vsinn und Frou« üic nahrj ihn mit sich In r^eiter-^aDilif n und Arbeiter«
FKuc[}JiA EiA^^ : '^\^
^ o^ koji^ TT, ^J. Lui '<?6J
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U6 Kneipen» Dort forschte er und lauschte er. üwia hendarch S( hrieb er nlt seiner unl^ es chreib liehen Leichtigkeit onfjlifiche -rtlkol fuer die Irease der Chnrtisten und deutsche fucr die sozislistisihon preussischen Blaetter.Jschon nach Jcuorzestom Aufenthalt in England v;ar ihn alles dort klar. Die sozialistische Revolution auf diesen ^ Inseln stand unmittolbnr t^evor# Das lloss sich mit r.f.TOOJmtioohor Sicherheit voreuG8aFen#Jf;rstens v;er es rbsolut Rewiss^ öass dop industrielle Aufstieg r|Q¥/ohl dos europaoio K&n Qoa^in ixfce wie /^jnerl ke^ den endlichen Export Jetzt 4n stuemiachf^ Tu.pij dexinierrn riusste« Absolut frewlss w^^r es i^.eshalb, dass das Elend der ar^olten- den Massen sich ^ ebenso stutjmiachj^ii Tuiipuf vorschli j ern nusste« Absolut rewiss vmerden andrerseits die brutrl frloi hgueltifjen obe- T^.n Klassen und Ihr verrottetes Parlament jfr i U i^Mii-yrn, ir'
VW«, dareren zu tun. Absolut sicher vmerdon si^^euch nie und nl ser
df5S von ooa Chartisten :^efor ierte allcoiieine Wahlrecht ccwaehrcn — •
denn a^polut r icher ist das alleenoine Wahlr.^cht, dr;s die Massen
zir- Herrn nacht^ gloichb^-deutend mit cior Ouiliotine fuor da» Sirien-
tiin# i^eshalb, s .hlussfolrerte aer jun^'o l^ncels strenr loßisch und
nit lener »»youthful inclimition tov/erds hosty judß: ent"*), die er
vierzig Jahre spaeter an s''-iner eirienen ^Inpuc^üÄ youthT^kritlsie-
ren wird — d^ ehrt Ib, proph^ zeigte er, soi in lincland dor forwaerts-
» draenpond^n Ger hichte je'e an ere Stresse als die der proletcrl- •
sehen Revolution versperrt. Die buerr^^rlich^britis he Gesei-lechAft,
schrieb Engels steht in dieeen Jahr \ZKL vor ihren Kncic, "Tho cround
beneoth their feet Is bounu to swallmv thon ut>, w'th the inevitabl-
<_/
) Friedrich Enrels; Brief rn Bebel, 24. ."^JiH lRf^5. Selected Corroonondence \tt Khj 1 V\\T1l aud ij.t'it>üli>l(ih Jjnrula, Uev; !^ork-j| p. 4^.0
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llty of n i^athc: feticul l£iW*'*)73oloher Art waren dio Aktivitc oten,
Gednnkon und Schriften, nit v/f^chea Friedrich Engels In Tancheoter
dio nn ore Haelfte seines Dop^^el-Leb^ns ausfuollto»
Jetzt 3ns3 er zusaniien mit Karl Marx, und es stellte sich
hor^uGp ^^ass sie in schlechthin allem ueberoihß tl jaton# Sie he t ton
bel^iO^ s 'Ibstverrtnendlloh, die f undatLentale soz^ liotitvhe !Teber-
zeurunr; von der V rrierblichkeit des Kirentuns« Aber auch in den paar
speziell oren Formeln, auf die Marx :-.ich srhon f oet^elcgt haote, foncon
i sie 'Bich oinir'^ Mit Feuer bejahte Enr^ls die Inevitfjblitcct dos
üozi' lisniusplrn Cre^cnsatz zu seiner blossen Desirabilitaet;die Unent- behrlichkelt der bewaffneten Revolution, in Gegensatz zur blossen frle^öhen JJefom; den gyelur>4v proletarischen Klasöonkanpf , In Cre*^onsatz zur Illunion ir endv/olchsr Geiieinsaiaiceit zv/is i\Bn den fllas- sen; die Fuehrunr des Proletüriats durc^h "die Fhil )s ^phie". In Go- rensf^tz zu seiner Fuohrunc durch laienJiafte Politiker uad Gev;erk- Schafts 1 oute •
Ö4i^ ^nso tan(^en sie si^^h einiß in einiren weitoren Punkten, die sich neuordincs in "en brodelnden sozialisti^- hen Kessel krlstal- li'^rtrn.lzur Beispiel v;nren Pezept*> pufretoucht, nicht das vorhan- dene im^ividiielle >'ir;r;nturi zu onteirjicn, son ern statt desaeh n\xr ne^en ihn *liij }^ ulLy, i^ujLi^'liallK \M .Tl V^">?1 :>irentur zu s hoffen^
Bnson^>5rs Proudhon und Louis Bl^mc priesen dieses neue ^'erfahren (Hebers: new deal) Jetzt itl. Louis BlvMic wollte aus Mitteln des Staates Fabriken rrueurlen, die der, 3taat rehoeren vmerden — Proud- hon ft'is Mitteln von Arbeiter-Banken Pabriken, die Cq^v. Arbeitern
t
'*') Gustav r>-nver:Friedrich lin^els, (Anoric» Edition) p*58
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pohoeren wuerden. Dieses neue aoziallgtis he Klrenturn cmorde ännn, 80 bohnuptete.n beide, das alte, inalviduelle SAKiijauii li Lüuln liei ä«4*^ flllnaehllch ve Arp.enr.pn* In EnrelA* Avigan war das nicht wonirer
raondsue htifü als In den Aup;en tlorx» . Auch fuo Pm^ Um v/cr Jeder andere -edanke als die glette, totale Expropriation eini'ach ^etinis- mis, — aohllnrer noch: VeiTet»/und nicht ßonun rait dieaen Narre- teien, fteb es v/eitere. Insb-e sonctere rat es die Narretei der Feind^-s^ofc/ armi« pefren den Staat, in der wiocierura Proudhon fuohrond w? r, aber die /geteilt wurde euch von ■.'eitllnf; undyBakunln. Nicht nur dee Sif-en- tun, sonnern Ruch der Staat stannte dienen TTerron zufol^^e von Teufel» Wie lrar':er d.is aoziplistis he Kirentun pes^^haf fen wrrcioh vnierde: keinesfalls sollte fler Stent es besitzen duerfen* Gott die Fabrik den Arbeitorh, die In Ihr arbeiten, Of^er der rrev;erköchnft, äLf!UL-Uü!'!0lU(l^ ~ alles, nur nicht der Reglerunrl Diese Narren, die sich Anarchisten nennten, v/nren besessen von der un^:'oheuer liehen Idee, desH rtievahre Prelhelt ebenso von; Start wie vo:. Eirentun ver- hindert v/erde, itsa d^ ss -er Stfiet- f^anz ebenso yr^rnichtet v;crden nuesse wie doi Eirentun* ^|Pho pupi oct j^ogi^ay'*L hotte Weitllng ße- schrleVen, ^hns no governnont, but only an adninistratlon, no lav;s, but only obli/^ations, no punishr:ent, bat means of corroctlon''*) •
* - *
Auch u bor diese Spielart von Wahnsinn urteilte Knrels ebenso keu- stlsch wie Mprx. Auch r-r \ nr dovon durchdrungen, dess nichts als ein sterknr, eutoritptiver Stpet den Sozinlisrus 'e verwirklichen l^oenne -- ein Hepel^s^^her Staat per excei.lence, -- ein preussischer Stapt, obv/ohl, nelbstverr.taendlich, mit verbesserte;- Inhalt. A*/irklich,
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In kolnor wichtlp:Hn Ilinoicht touchto irßondw Iche Differonz zv.-lschen Iv'.prr uad seinen Besucher auf. Sie hü mon l orten in ihren ?"ofl und
ihren Contras»
Annenehn flösse': die Tare des Enf^el» sehen Besuchs dahin» Dar JunfTO Tsna, cler Enrrl.^ind und das (|oooll6i"liL/'ti?lL^ ■ ii konnte, konnte toenrhen erzaehl'^ti, vm^ Vnvr nieht vnisste* Andrerseits hatten sie rer^lnsp.r.e ^-lelcannte und Srinnerun^'on — i:rinrierunron an (ins P.holn- land, ?n Berlin, an die Junr-IIorellaner^T^Hattö Sn^els rehoort, frapte l?anc, v;ns die üerlinor Windbeutel nich dfii^.el5; erlaubt hatten, als L^arT das Co^^lm^r Blatt uebernoanen hotte? Ja, Enrels hatte es ge- hoert, es vraren eben l.'indbeutel^j'Dor Liccnt:at ^ nuer boconcors war
unerhoer^- frech
scn, r?arte ;>rx ~ hatte Snrels ruch diesen
Hohllcopf ■ auer gekannt? Natuerlich, lachte ''npels, er hatte ihn ,c;ek:annt, — eVor a-^ zu wtesen, dess Bruno I cufer ein Hohlkopf vfcr, dazu bmuchte np n ihn par nicht Felbstl^ken^ien^ ^zu brnuchto nan
nu
r fUe ♦•.Ml^eneine Litoratur^eitunfü»' />u lesen, die er sich jet2*.
GofctAveiss wie, ha te /rruen.en koennen: v/'^^ch ein schv/achsinn, dieses Blattl/srhv^a^'hsinn nev/ins, {n'ollt^ I'arx, ab'-^r drs r^em^ert nichts (üprpn, ^nss (!lese W^nze mit ihrer eirenon Zi»->itunp ihren Saft Jettt in flle Koepfe sp^itzon knnn, ohno in diesor ' elt r^r faln hen . erto zerstenpf"-, zertreten, zu : rel zennuhlen zu v:crdenJ|^^nrur: rcfte er sich ro nuf?, wunc'erte sich Snrels« Br vorstanf* es nicht, y.r sagte, dnas piluj^'klichenveise nie' and dna BIb ttjfchen lese, und dnss es ^^
S r(ttM.t.
lohne.
*r
^mi>'. L\x jthenluiiini - hoechstens koonnto nnn den Hohlkopf ein binchnn den Golnecht^^r preiaeoben. Hoch in ciorsel- ben ITncht schrieb er mit r.einf3r flief;end<.-n Fe> er zwanzig leiten Ulk ueVcr lauer und s oin Blnttchon. Als täarx das : anuskrlpt ein naech-
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sten Tn^e Ino^ dr^^ehnte er vor Laclv^n* AV^or g3 war l^n noch nicht renxir. Es vrrr nooh zu hprr-iloB. Es p;ehoerten noch i ehr orn^^to Oo«
gilw i'ULli iiJUll iMuujii vLvacn^ Dio Vor-
slohtspunlcte hinoln*
v/un'rrun" ?lnp:eln hocrtc nicht auf — aber or 3nr:to, dasn er <!en Jux
Blattorn mit V rrnueren if^b trete* Fooro Merx nit Cmn UiLM^llLjbüaM r^ochen^ v/ns
er v^olle, hinzuor treiben oder v;o{?;streic^hen, nie publiziereh/odor
'/erfen*
3
ichtlich bennehto Sn^clr> Gioh Jecon Tnr nehr^ L!nrx anßonohn
7A\ ^.oin und ihn 3U f^efallon^ Jeden Tee erschien es ihn noeclicher, v^enn nicht sicherer, dpss en Menny^ta ac^ijg.a Oünell> '. ]u.f b \.r 15 Ich VofnncU rinc c^v/öltic© Zukunft vorbohnlton sei. Je on Tr«r lioss or ihn clrs deutlicher spueren^ Mnd. Je^^en Tep wurde das Cefuohl von Vohllpkeit staerkor^ des in Mnrx durch die^*e ;rrebonh(3it entstand* Kr 1-1 egg sich »4^ aober die ' ichtigkeit seiner ookononischen Studien Er vprtrnute ttrf p.nP, ein prosses V*erk unter der Fe^'er zu heben^ in den endlich einnal, zur^ ernten I'nl, strea^ Avisse^tsrhnftlich demon- striert sein w^^rde, aus welchen oxacten Gruonden das liberale oeko-
?1i".i'iiLui'.j"3, >iüLL. I V nem'eu.sli:^iQ,j inevitabel tu uni iiioiiuJllLli[ zu.rrundogehen nuesse»
no^ls'^he Systen
Als or d)r>s '^rzßohlte, reriet der lebhafte G-^is^t Enpels icuA -tM ^oi ^toittMA<, "^o^^* -- vleA^Li^ h^uLU. tk ÄA>t£-ö/ vt-eAuc/e^ s/o^enk
3fo;tand in Nu, v;/ s des bt^doutclf^/ Dps \:rr das grossu Theral Dns wht es, v/onech das Zeitalter s hriel Dns \.rr es, v;as der Sozirsl Ismus om bittersten entlehrto. Wenn M^rx diese L istunr voll- bringen könnt*», dßnn wr <^r unsterblich fuor alle 7>eiten, und keine r.enpfhliche V^cht v/uerf^e den Soslplismus noch laenror rufhfilten. Meere er nur rasch riechen mit der ^^bGitl Moore ^r ri;h nicht ablonkon
F,
k^uaK fl^xx.*^ : K<^ Uoy^ (DiA^U^ lx^oo4<.\ h .
^^/.
4
151
(
L
lassen von Nebensachen! Der junpe Mann S'^hwelßte in der: Gedanken
an die bevor^^tehende sfkulaere Leir.tunc des ancoren so selip;, als
ob es seine eipene v/Here.|Die V/ahrheit v/c^r, daat? der junp;e Mann -m^/ dec^ f^t /^'^«a^^<^// t^t<^cUftu^ 4'i'^'i,^^< iviLli » IxjuK of aliiicrgtr
1TÜ7
tnrity
Mannes mit fundanentally v/eiblichen Intellej^t war: einen Intellect, der r^ehnsueohtip: vfar nach einem ütaorkeren; sohnsuechtir;, sich
anzus-^hmie^^en; sich zu unterv/erf on./Er untersohaetzte keineswegs seine eirena Gaben. Er \msste, dasG er ein oxceptioneller Schreiber war, ir.mhrrnlininl inh oia viel besserer Als Marx. Sr vmsnte, drss ^rdt^f^
Einfaelle hatte, und dass ihm p:enug
eine Men^e huebs-^her H«
Verstand icpefüeben w^r, uri je^'en Gedanken, jecie Folp:erunp _ frilL rtfüuh uffa aehfu^ zu vnrstehen^ v/ierierzup:eben/) woiterzuspinnen. Aber er hielt sinh nicht fuer orif^incll produktiv in Sachen wissen- snhflftlicher Erkenntnis. Er beaichtirrto sich einor r:ev/issen "itftda- lence en fait de theorie".*) Die geniale, fundanentale Entdeckung;, auf der dann v;(?iterpebaut werden konnte, v;ar nicht ihri vorbehalten. /TMit einen V/ort: ••I am raeant to play tho second fiddle»'.**) Be*
lu uii'klielmi IMiiL
wnr c
nfr vuii L luhi D^'U viü
finden,
yiu' i-düülia fiddlel ;vonach er verlangte war, den Mann zu ^er berufen w? r zur ersten Geif^e. Wenn es sich bestaetigen
wuerde, dass Marx das v;ar, dann wuerce er vollkOLmen f^luecklich
fiu ZU' Ku'
»ein in der Rolle des Heafers, Sekundanten^
Erwartung: war
i
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*) Gustav Mayer: Frif'f^rich Enf^els (Arner. Edition) p. 50
**
)
p. 52
y.
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152
in iQ^m und Behagen in Karl Marx, als sie sich nach eini^^en To(:;en trennten. Es wnr ausp^emacht, dass sie in Verbindung mit einander bleiben^ oloh g liiuli un umT HJuli V'hIjI i ludun injh(!.i^( vmerden«
i^ nTto jnnn^n^ p^ Jol^t. bnft 1 nR?=i3f ♦) ^ wird Karl Marx Jahrzehnte
sap:en* Und sie v;^^^rden es jf-^» (j^-^Mi üfe iTiiiM IPy.yJ hi.q zum Grabe 4^ solsdaan^ flygido l^intl
i>> efa Jfüii inti!i| bis zum Grabe Ui sopskmfff ftreido j^intly fuohren, wie ein solches Ges-haeft noch nie gefuohrt vmrde, Friedrich Enf^els wird sich in solchen Grade assimilieren an KarlX l'f^rx und in solchem
Grpd von ihm assimiliert v;erden, dass sie zusarr:en|liL^»pei'|f v/erden
Jdum. In eine oinzipe Terson* Dieselben rooon ^in in dio lotraon NiiQBnroni fli
Es wird keinen leisesten Unterschied Tinchen, ob etwas gesagt und fretan v;.?rden wird unter den Narben den einen oder des anderen. Jeder Schritt, Jedes \vort des einen wird r.uf^leich ein Schritt unä Wort des nnr^eren sein. In der Tot wird sich oft ger nicht feststellen lasaen, ob ein^Atet^ ein Artikel,) Abschnitt iJi einen Buch von einen oder anderen Ae' i uuhv»8i Nirtrnln .irnTihnp/ \mi\ nmlribt "oydcn,
luuntiJ ei«/ ^tinolu» und lumulilUii'UlilüJl lülT. oxyifi.'i
Der Beginn der sinr;ulaeren Fusion mit ?.nrre\s v/nr des fliabte der d'-itemlnterenden 'iroinp;nisse in diesen/zv/anzig Ilonaten des Karl ■nrx. Konnte irni-er noch nehr in eincjj so kurzen iieitraum f^opresst sein? Ja^ noch mehr konnte in ihn pepresst sein*
Dip nnhworen Tafre kamen fuer Jenny Marx* Hart am Tode vorbei- streifend, prebnr sie ein I^'aedchen. jjh. iJi-louüUijit uahI DuukBuvIgRi»
unr^. J,i
Karl Marx:
Brief an Knp-els, Scffmiidig
inuLi AuaGiULh-i Ui f
1«6$
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153
es reb keinen schoeneren. Nur lGnf:sam verobbteb in dem Junf^en Vator
die V.'Of2:en seiner Aufrogunpi'^ 8chlioQ3lich n^hn er seine Arbeit wieder 44^. Z.iirueck zu der ooko- non5'-ohen Sphynxl Zuruock zu dm Jiewois, dass tins ^'^^^''^^^^^f^' nomlfi'^he Susten totsneoV unontri-nber ai^ouiaiert, YJl v,ur^ saßto er oiohTl unklug gewesen, als er Kn^rels crzaehlto, dasn or dienen eil' cntnrheldonden Bev;ois bereits in den Hpenrion hfieF.t)!--f Er hatte, rund hrrnus ress'-t, ein bischen peflunkert, vo fuehj-t von der t crunderunc des lunren :.!€inner. Nun put, dann v;^!r es nur aa^Oi ('.rinrenc'or, ton T/iderspenstiron Be^■eis >*i4- zu fim'en. Er ^e^'ftnn^ neue ookononische
Buechor 7iU lorrnJ
Kine Ablenicun^ töi chte nuf. In Joris erschien zv;ei r.al woe- chentlich ein kleines deutsohes Elett nancns "Vor\;< erts-. Es wer iriner in VorlopenJinit, mit m^b en seine öpali^Rn fuellcn i.olle. Bei- traere ei hielt es nur aus Kiiüloid. üim, auch Hur.i, hatte ,e tzt aus Mitleid eine Kloinipkeit cesf^hr leben, — Uixd die 'Icrven Karl IteHX» reerierten v;ie die Aar Katze bnin AntLibk ^.et, Hun('cc.//Die{icr Bur- sehe, reir ihr: die"Jflhrbuechor" zcrstoert hatte, Icb^o also noohl Er könnt« sich v;citor in er Oeffentliclikeit zeifcnl IJs raV kein Halten, l'arx nusste dieres Reptil zertreten, es tots<>hlaf?cn nit
üe;
S C/Ci5<
hreib-
/
Beinen eiren' n Gen"hreibsel.jfDf!S v;ar nl- ht lei.ht. sei sprach nit Synpathie von einer Hunncrrevolte der unsr-rbar ar- men Webrr in achlesien. Was wrr da totzus hlorfni? Kc pelrnr ! erx einen hrlben 3ntz r.u /indcn. In ein paar Iloncten, hatte i'.uco in Vorbeirchen bonerkt, werde die schlosiu ho Hovolto v/ioder verr.esncn sein. Die ..ahriieit, wies l'nrx a hla.'üiid ;mch, v;cr ßonau das Gecontoll:
y
154
viBTCen
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aiG 3-hlesi9fhe Rovolto wird nicht v/iedor verßoasenysonaern unver- kenujfbar v;nr a±c (".io i-roorfnirnfftS'. hlnclit der proLotnria hen Kovr>- lution in fonz -::uropa»|A^er (.or halbe 3nt2 in elnor plelchßuolti/?on Olosse wnr nur der Nagel, an ^^^m floin rionaer Autor pufrohnen'-t wor- den sollt'-), Dio Poloniic spranr icatjns/^ich von fien hflbon iintz zu* einzelnen Worten; von den ßchlt-;8is«^hen/ Arb«lfcprn zur I'c "".'Ij^ ]v.m Phi- losophie; von ,-en Dincon, die Hu^e ^eüaf^t hatte, zu .)inren, die or Irelneswi'B e.earrt hetto. üle entlarvte ihn als einen Schv/aetzor; ^e±!Ä=fr f^ halle teuj ^jitien Illiteroiien^ cli.r nicht eim al die ('yönri^tllr heherriuhte* oie \ uchs und \/uc1ig# Jie wi -uü doppelt do Irag wie ihr Anlesn; rtrrl'vRl, f ionfixl, schliesslich suhiir:i8l so laixß. Dio Pointe, auf flic alloö hinreorteitot war^ \mr cilo schrille \uifordcru/v an
*
Hupe, von nun ab **aller aciiriftttellerei zu entr.aron»», und statt des- sen ^s»3inen eircnor. /iustenrl su orforschon.*''^)
Der hedrrenpte **Vonvaert,s*^ v/nr fuor rinif>) Tpfo sf=»lncr ev;i--en Sorre UTi Stoff enthoben. Dno Diiv f;ln<- la Fortnetisiinr-on ueber nah- rere TTuriiern« Euro zuckte die Achseln uel^ r den ''nlten, resohiöubten He^l's hen Jnrf-on und hohlen nochnuth'***)^ Kr hr?5uchtc nicht^ zxx na«^. ^^*^
'et ^Vi^ha^Au^ iüuujz ^HtAkSoit ^efitxite /n^utßuA ^^A f ^<<^«^ fl^^Wl^ -e^ ' / '
,«ejay dr.£s^dios ein Produkt rein porsoenlicher unnkueae ^/^r• ^Modon- beisser^***) wrr 'er ITane, iler dar4ls fuer Karl lAeTx in TTnlauf kaiajÄ* Weehrend doojien anss Snrels in ceinem 3cnnen# Wa55 er sah, er- fuellte ihn nlt hellen Optiiaisrius» Antl^hoin und (\n cier ..upper mieherto
"■^TTprl ^ M - h
*) fato llrrx: Arti;<-ei Im Pnriser ♦'Yon/aerts''p ?• Aurunt 1844, ttöstrailo
Oesant-Auspab^, Krßte Abtoiliim^ Band 3 ♦♦) Arnol-". RMrei Briefy^^trTnfTebuchblaetter p. 378
\ r-
*-rJ
C
>
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sich der Sozlpllnmufl nicht weniror rasch dem Sioge als in Pfirls/# // iVohln nr'>n peht und steht, berichtotei^Ka'^els*^ Briefe, trifft nt^a Konmunlston und wiedor Konnunlsten, -- leider noch nicht heeuf i^ unter ''en Arbeltcra, unnouehr obor In der Bourgeois io« In hamen war selbst ('er Chef der Polizei ein Komunl.^t^^j^'V/nn nir einen nperten Spesn recht, irt die Siabuerrerurir cier korxuinis tischen Literatur in Deut /.ohland, die Jetzt ein fait accorapli ist* .ueitun :en, •Bchcntlaet- ter, !'önatssn!irifton, Vlnrtel.Jrhrss^hrif ten und eine hornnrueckende Reserve von jvhv/croEi CJesrhuetz 4^ alle: /in bester Ordnunr# 3b ist doc!] verflvifiht ras h ro e n^JQ-'il^^yi^ujf dor Reserve nn 3h\v< Eraxil Goschuetz rehoorto vor alleti nctu rlich dns Buch mit doru liev/^vls fa-.r dio Xaovl-- . tnbtlitf ctfl/BQot An^ ':as r.achtn dcis 3u<-h?^Stu3rmis -h draen^be Sn- Relf5« '*IIan sorpe dafu<;r, flass die lateri'^lioa, aie Du ßesarjirlt hast, böld in die V/elt hiriauscaschleudort vv -2 don# 2z ist verflacht hohe r.eitl Also tuechtig ^e-rbeit'^t und ras h redrucktl^*'*''^) Und noch drfrenrendor: '♦Mnch, dttss Du nit Deiner^ oekonomi^.chen Such fertig wii^t# . enn Du selbst ruch mit T/ielen unzufrleaen £5elri solltest, es
«
Ist einerlei, die Ormueter sind reif, und v/ir muesr.en dfs Kisen schnie-* Ä«B, wriohrend es \<utvi ist» Jetzt ist hohe -Seit, dnvun ru^che, daos Du vor April frrtir vrirst* Hechts v/it ich, setze Dir i^ine .leit, bis y;o}^^ Du positiv fcrtic sein willst, und sortv fu^r oinen taldi^en Druck# Heraus -^usr es balül'^'^''^*}
^— >it
*)rr» r.npcls:
^^♦4\ tt 11
Brief an Morx
f» ff
ff ff
II f»
vor: Olct^ Iß/JV,
vor:: J5:n, 18/>5t vorc aß^ ini,(^
von Junuar lc45f
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156
J'^t >t'ftev;löa# \ er \ma sollte dos r/racn,^ml Er a^h . ich ja Muohol Kr snrs in der Bibliothek von der Ooffnunn bin zur Schlios- sunr*» Koim^r ^mnr'^o sloh :iehr r^nntronrf^n koonnon nlr> er* Abor die Lrleuchtimr liofis nJ.ch nun üimiul ninht orzv/iaf:otu//v.'0 in nllor \fült
fcrvl or ^jon Bowols. dass dfio hQrr:^ hondo oekofionl3 he syr.ten im- rfttV^^r in V ren'^en boßrlffon »v^r? V.1ol elior Iran bol all i;olnor Lrlctuere heraus^ 'Xusti vii^^noB horrsohmdo 3yr^ton noch kau::: oia Ali-
9
fanß strti^« So oft ep .len Zipfel eines noorlicUcn Bev; isca c^faot:t zu hat :n i^l?ubte, ^rll^-t or ito v;Jec!nr ^ur? der Hnnc!* 3i^ iLcri !'lc 14^^ eis (l£!S toetliche Oift elnff/ Oesetz zu praesenticren, denzu-- fDlre iU^ dies**» S^ßtem die .Arbeiter 4'fi f v^ i'H r-^- irr. er e^errc^r \w§^^ ru^ Tnnp.rcP!/« Onnr oin Ce^ßtz. enzufo] 'd^. io I'osii^tsenc'cn IrTr^or rarer
s.
•V.
c/Mf
öfififi r3<^
See t^*<A. q^ce
TTT
keÄtV^A/ci Snb-ünVevrisbnrkeiten t>Dcetz1> ><w»4mj>||i .r.er Trietu- fi^hltn or i'lch 1'. Dr'oklcht» iJolno kui7S:ch^lr'en . Mven vmrden nue(?e. Sein Kopf T-^erenn r.u n-^hr^rrzon. Er r.uG.".te sich nu«! ('.ieoeri fruc^tloson Bohren um! GrueVcln in tv.v.s nnr^orcs, Dorbjfrres, I'imt^feres fl/icchtcn«
Sr fluechtetc zu -^on Blnctftorn, dla ."unr«-'!» hlni.crlaaoen hntte. Ah, Bruno Epa-nrl ^io!'-r i: rlff Gnade Dir ^.ott je r.t, Bruno r nuerl Des Messer I'.nrl Marr» v/ar noch rot vor Blute Rufo's, un.l er Kj-r J t2t in der 3tlniiun'~ fuor ein Mppsocr^ ersten Rnn^es« LT eetzite sich nlo- aer un"? srhrlcV;, Tflfo unrl IT-echtr, Ncechte ur.fl Tsre s-liri-'b er in ©inen Purloso wi". n->ch nie zuvor» A^ht tIu-tic n ''T nr-.eas liehen ••LlterQtnr-'.oltun'"* Iwe-f^n vor Ihn, Artikel f'ier Arti'rel, Seito fuor
(
Seite, Zeile fuor Zeile sezierte er alo,)|wnohrend er svhriob, kom
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dio Hnohricht, dnaa nie mehr eins neunte Hiunner erscheinen werde: weren vollkomKcnen llnneel? an Interense hette das Blnettchon sein Ersohf^lnon einrertellt. Ss ktn die w-itere Nachricht, d^^ss acr Li- centi' t J^.-^uer voelLir veromit und in ar^'i^r Hot aei. Aber Msrx fuhr fort, bin nuf djo Knochen '^ntlervte <^r den Sch\vaet7.0r, Warlatan, mite atenf aiiciii\AHAJuai; Beuer und die ir^anze Faifiilio Heiner Mitarbei- ter.jji liui .K^.h*) Ihvrm f}vn^ Aus öen zvienziF, Seiten, die Enrels pieschrie- ben hette, wurden v/i im Rausch fuonfzig, hun'ert, zv.-^^ihun :ert, schliesslich aic^ht ^'onifer alr^ dreJhan-'ertfunnfzir. ']s v.-rr koin Ar- tlkpl nehr. -^^on-ern ein Buch.,'/ J^^weW., dns P^reifnis, f'as in Leben eines Autors nichts e:f^rJnrerea ist als 1: Lehen einer/dic ernte Ent- bindunp; hatte sich h i l'-ry vollzog n: mit r.erhsMnr^zvmnzir, J-hren hatte er n^^ir. «rstes Buch ßeschriehen. Ein Drucker eus Frankfurt, dfr eich zn besuch in Ppj 4p bcfend, kaufte es fiKr 1000 Francs. Er hestanr. nur d- r^.uf , dass F.uch Friedrich Encels als Jorf asser ge- . nr^nnt v-^rde, cpr^^r nn ^rnter Stelle, Der Sohn des reichen Enrelsj Tl^v r3,ii!..' ir'i 1 Tii-nti rrl'T.'^i"'"" p-ewissen Verkauf 1^. Rheinland, Ein popnlae.rer Tit--!, "Die Heilige Fprilie", vaii-de erfunnen. Ein Untertitel erlp.euterte: "Ge-en Bruno Bauer und Konaorten«. (Uel-ers:
CttttXJtui,
**hI^^. Htieom'nli-oonw)(
•^•asmen fjii n um rl iniirn iv*\ v;r>ren in den St*«r.?^oricht neß©n des verstorbene BlHettchen ^eBtreift. Intellektuelle Suenren ,1erer er- erdenklichen Art weron von Bruno Pf.uor und seinen I'.itfirhBitern be- fsnrsn wo-den — zahllose Suenden natucrlich auch v;irier die ^orre^en, era^ten Ideen des Sozipli:mu3. D^.s hatte zu- Folre, dass Wnrx elnifrie s-iner eir'-enon Ideen ueber den Sozialismus uii einige Grade prae-
(
y
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153 zicer fornuli rte ola er cf. birhrr üchor C'-t?ir liettc. i-cson.'ors die !-ehnupburir von -er Inevitatliiicct — dio Iio^*^^pt,an{•, die noch dos EcrclcoE harrtG — forvnullerto er hier und jetzt nlt <?,er rlcidosten Soh'jsrfp., -i^PS rrir'-t-:;i,:;entun*', ü.'hrlc-h or, "treibt ric-r. reitst
m
In rinor nrtionr loekonornr hon Bov.orunc zti seiner .Irenen Aufloe- suiir fort, iin:'. Avt^r durch eine vo- Ihn unrbiuien^:! -e, tu\.-usi;tloso, wlcier 3ci:ien VJillen Ptnttfim^ mlo, eurch die rTc.tur c^.- r §eche Vodlnete
ffrh^. nc3s tcvor^s it»p own disaolutior., rnd tM
i7hi::h In cnu^od Ty the vcry nrturo
oac^^ a develop^ient Inrs, and v/hich ^rOtTreaoi
in'^ 9 p ed a nt o:^^ lux j:ihi?1ou".
r ■ 1
(?..V.' a^eii^i-n
■nt-rr
» p >
•. ar .:Ln> v)rbiMlich hceelienische l'~a;.5!3ur;;-. Kicr sah
-irri f^omlich, wie drs c^occe ^..c"^, der ellr^schtico .':obor, des Irivrtel-annuni nit e^i-olutiatln ho CTc\.'alt:. cainer. pmo-deteriainiertcn Enco 3'it,-e.''en fUGh~t. [Uu-l-Ui ü: Allu.-r-^^r^»^^^. vin S.5^fl;:s -»Tiiron solche
Stellon, dio iinf-els dns hrlbe «iuceatrendnis entrissen, dass dns Buch
/'
'in othor rooivrrr^ n^llljnt:
«t't'^r^g nuiijntiir vrttiUt^n'^'^J sei« in der I->uptsaohcW,'Rr ^ nlrsrutln* 's pan-tc ilc: koinoc- v/e-G, dass nein Ilune, ohno i?-n euch nur zu fr/a-^en, auf den Titel fjesc'st v.'o den vip.r. Auch fuor i:.n, nicht nu.. fu r Vsrr.^ v/f.r dios dRfi f?rr>te Buch — und nit nelnor: .-rrten Buch iKt :in Autor ^Inpor- lieh. "Ich h'b Jf: rr:nt ccr nichtn daran f;cn?.rht"'*'*) , prot- stierte er. Auch \: r der Titel "Die Heili.';:© l-'aiiilic« nit seiriG:. relifioescn
i
N
•XV
) ir5odrlrh I^'i/Trls; Briof an üj rx v, 17. r.r.erz 1>:45
j H • • If
27. fobrur.r lfU5
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Bellclpnr; l^n um;lllk-ori3on* Dm, fucrciitoto or, •'\.'lll ccrtcinly In- volvo ne In b fanily rup.-nuH witü my plous pnronto, v;ho cr-o elrondy inuth out of huinour vvlth ue.^ Vor allöi. fnucl or des Buch l:i seinem Mass lind Gov/icht befromdond unanr.euosi^on üöti AnlüiiC» ''Dco Dia»'; ist SU r?'osr* Die .souv':.rno:ic VerechvUiiTi nit c' r wir- rccvn din Litcrc- tur'/eitun.'^ euftroten, stohl: l:i f^lrion/ arc^m Oecunsetz zu con 3^ ^^ ^opch.
eil v;ir 1!4 v/lcjriun.'' 2r \/nr uc;berzcu{;t, ühl ♦^d: s ::;ei:ito daa
PublÜran unverstnendlich bleiben uiiu riiclit ollcrcnein iTitorGL-niercn wird.'''') l^r /crstend noch i'j'^or nloht die i ooeoeenhoit^ i:i { io I4V. bei rier Sojil'.eohterol reroten v/fir^lJAbor dio •^>oc;ie v/nr nesohohen//^ Unc' er ' ollte ' en Monn^ von ren er so viol erv.nrtöte, nicht aorccTn# Er ^in*^ hin^ er' iKoor clon Vorfall.
Aa: ere wnren \veni^" .r s honend. Uu.-^e^ 3 jlbctv-^r:: taonulicii^ fand in den Buch nur (Ho Methoae v;iocIorholt^ luit er vorh--.r .r4 jclber uot^'rf'^.llon v/ordon v;ar. 3r ruenpft3 die Nane uebor die *'^'eh:osslce und rc^-eino Bruche^ n^it d«?r df-r fruehore inlins tc Jround uebcrschuet* tot v/i^d^ — und nicht der nriechticc^ £ ha^^liche^ nein, :;cr tote»^ Ab-^r dns Masföllon - n ^^-h^- "Wedenb€i*:;r er*', an \er Wut ßoinBr per- aoenllchon Ressentlicnts und m ihrer i:.. clorisrhen ^^sk.lerunt^, war all''^ex:ein.||Xr; dar '^'c t^ diese Prazii., cer I'' r:c ein Lcbcu Ion, treu bicit n v.'irc:^ v;ird schliesslich von i^cinen ai:eon£:crn v/ic Gccncrn zier. lieh frl i'^b^ beurteilt ^/crücn. Eine ^.eit \7ird körnen. In der Marx die helcen-oaro oin^T riesifcn Pr.r :ei sein vird — un- in cor sein
<
\
) Friedrich Knro,ls: Brief on I'mT'jz va-. 17 • I-eera \'K5
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160 offiziell or Blof;raph diesie nanls hon "^oberpolonilcon»» nichtsdonto-
a
v;enirer
Sch^erfo In (V»r Debntto zolr^z^ artet sio alsbald ia Ilearo^^aliaireion a'^d V.ortklaub'-^^reien nitun/tcr r-ichfc kloiiilicHor Art nun*'» "::ine Re« de^-^en^Umr totzuhetzen, der Herte dor> Go^^ners durch buchiTtnoblicho oder misp^'-orötnondllche Deata.ir ei: en noo|tlichst toorichton üina ^a uuiter- ctellou, die Üolgunr zvun Oesteirort^on und Gr«;nzonlc)n'-n In Aiindruck"») : dre \T.T In rcn '«vorton dos i^ff l^.lHllufi Bio n-ephon, -ier Ty):'us uioscr Ä'prx'ßf'hon i'olonltcen/»
Df:r Typus warcie riit der. Artik^ 1 ^--erori liuce und nit .0:: Buch ro^en Bruno Ppuer der-hpffen. Die i'-nt« icklun." dioticr iVraxio war des rr'it« dvr ilenerninif rer..'on .'.rt^irnisse, (!io zusari-.enrcclrr orirt
Tffe
r€Mx in di'oo zven^.ip; Itonüfco. ''e'^zt nc if:t(;n die nv;Gnzis l'oncte ?ich
der. r.n- e ent'-e'pn. Abur F.Jt üolltcn nicht cnc o::, ohne; df-nc noch sjin vritoj't!fl (>j\tn«:heitiendeo Er' Ifuis fjicii volLzor«
Dio llrchJ'ichtcn \n\ den sohocnor ni*. jede:. Ta{>//l>-r br^vo Tung bmichtete rui; seinen Cocln von rcn cprunrJmrton Fo: t«ch2'itteü des y.Q-: unirt.i oh»^n Gedp.nlroJis — in der Bourf^eoleic, Die i.oc!lnischü Zoi- TiU'V?"» s<"hrieb 01», ©ntl-nlto jG'-iit nohr i>ozi;:].ii::»ac cn oint;;. Tüg» als die uheini--; he ioi.tunf v^c-j-sUrend ih?-er frnzen Erictens entlir.Ltbn hatto. jjEnrol."^, -''^r fuer Irin-r .-^n Mfmche' t,or und cieri havn'li chen Coianrz '^u vpi-p-earon dr-'-h<>', erlebte "V/un ordiago*«« Ur h^tto sich /.u einer Ktiapf- Cr6nos;'enq.>hff t nlf. :'OHet? irasfl zur.a .r.enrotfln. "in V ri^or i^ V'eatphnlon f'ruend-te eino ::ont^tn8olirift fn9r die bsision. Sio /^»b^n ihr d^m üanen
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) F-Tir. r'o'ir'lnr: Kotn/!nrx, (D«)Ut he Aufif^nVo) ^, 116
y
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''Gesellsohaftsspie^':el»», und setzten ihr drs ]To/T,raLin, ^f\JCT clon auf örn Konnunisinus voT7,\xhcTeiUm'\en Philister die sosir.le I.:ii;üre und das Bourpoois-I^erine 7a\ i childern»^.*) rrci..eiaiCnit üesn rtnrtote En- gels ferner eine konr^unistis' he Versmir^lun/rö-Knr.parno in den r^ es- sen 3t?^edten des Wuppertals • Dir ^rjioBQi r.i^j^j^ .j.f^ Ii.i.'i-'jl' Ijt 'la tiK.i.^i,-
r änr- t-nn G^ olc'R
^^The vhole of ::lb2rfeld anr: l-fjr\en from
the finfinciel aristocrecj^ dov n to t\'j: shopkecpors v^ar prrrsnt -- overy- one e?cept the proletrrif't*"'^*) Die Kheaujfe bc.rannon r-it Ilr.rf en-I/.usik* Gedachte ^n- 3 ,-nrrl von Shel].e;^ \mr''en j ezitiort. Dann hielten IIoss orler Enrelr. die Reoe. In den Diskur.nionen, dio his zun !':orrGn dauerten, wer dfr einzige, dur des herr chende ootcononjis he Systei; noch ver- toidiren rollte, der Direktor des staeCti. chen Thceters« Nicht v;oni- f^es von (•on, v;r:S res^^rochen v^uk'G, v/nr oirenMirh strafbir. Aber da- rauf noch P.uenVrsicht zu n^. hi.^-.n, wi^r ur^co v/enircr noetip:, als ^dio Staats?m'nelr.e und d-s pjnnze Lf;nr.[^Forii ht aiiv/esend \.e;ren und der Oter-
prokur^tor selbst nitdiskutierte,"'^**) |w.?,hrli die -nrolctarische ..
i^€^ ^^-^ kiekr Bevfe^unP! in '^er ceut-chen Bourgeoisie slrnd in Bluete« ^ho tiovqv ggt .
iif!.*!'»'Ci^a^''M 0!i\ Tan snricl^t von nlchtr. minderem als voi.i Kor: unisrus#
Jo'>en Tap" fallen uns noue Anha nf^er zu* Der Wuppertaler To: i un Isi.ius
ist ^iine verite, 1a beinahe sohon oino ^**aobtl***'^) Aber wio '. eit v/ar
Marx mit soinora Buoh?
, WM8 — ^jnj^'L.l.i unnb.lnuüiiii'! iJübv liLUf &
) Frl^'Trioh IJn.^elsr Brief an Vj^tx 20 Jenuar ir>;5
♦♦) ff
♦4(4k\ ff
22 Februar l;V,5
«
20 Fotruf.r 1845
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Der Beweis fuer dfti i()?poggy Iaüvlt!)i.t)illtüe1)i| das v/ar dns soekulB^re Ereif:nis, öuf das «-mit brennender Unf-:eduld A'/artete#
Diener lie\M isl Dieser Beweis l Mnrx stocherte v;ieaer unOi probier- te und verv;nrf. Die öechc blieb wia verhext. Sie versperrto sich eilen Schluesseln, mit denen er ihr beizukorLv en v^r^^uc^hte^ Vvas hier Tinbrruchbar v'ar, weren die abstrakten Spekulationen, von denen er jede K'enge zu produzifiren vermochto* \/as hier jaiötwon'iin \'/ar| \/aren erhßerji(tete Fakten, von denen er keine mrtslioha 3p/ur zu entdecken vermoohte«//Kr v^^^r, begann er zu fuerchten, ernstlich unbedacht ne- v;eson* Diener brfive Kn^els, der so gie:?iß auf die bcivorstehendo Offen- barun.^ \vartcte und rller ^'»elt so b goirtert davon orzaehlte, ma- noevriorte ihn in eine rUhti^'e Falle. Der Hitzkopf war so v,eit n;ofl;Qn7en, ito sohon eiri'^n V'^rleger auf cien lials zu schickem. Eines ffiißiea orschiion bei Tarx ein Verleßer Loske aiis Dpnaatnclt in Hessen, un.1 offnrierte ihn zneh und zudriniich inon Vertm^?: auf dfus sa£ - kulnre Work,//D*is \;Rr koine kleine VerleciGnhiit fuer :.'prx. Sollte er einroatohon, dnos -r nicht nur n">ch keine ieile der. Buches e^o- achriohen hatte, sondern vororv^t nicht einmal • us^'t-, wie er es achreibt^n soli;^e?|sr brnnht ej nicht ^iHMf ueber sich, sich so zu entbloessen, Aasserdeff, w-^s ^ ollte denn df^s hjissenl Wenn otv.-as ohne Äv.eifel sti-Tiit, nuss si"h s .hliesßlich i:i droi Tfiufelc Ilanen, doch ein Bev.'--;is dalMv-r : in »-n lessenl/lK^rl i'prx v rbennt alle ^aß-
hfiftirk'it, ür s"hloss ;'en Vertrag, d^r ihn zu' Lioferun^^ dos gros- sen Werks innerhalb der nrechstyn : onate verpiiicnteto.*) /Ür erhielt
Vorr.chuss von 1500 Frencs. «uaniit ^i>T->olter Ans tr enßunr:
&*meM.
i
:>>.rxf Chronil tut-i u\r\H ijinti?? dcni Deteqf 1.
2. Februar 1847 •
1.^1 ynB> IICM'üiu^ru^ eVuji v()' — j rj'A*Eu(^elt' Jlu^e6 nuel^-ViU'ttarB iwi rUu^t verZinJp.hnflt Febr. 1B45, Juli 1^45, 6. Dez. lßiV5 31f Maerz I846,
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163
Gerann nr in oekonomiachon Sand vvledor <11o Suche nach d.r.n GoldkoornornJ di^ -r nun cilip' hrruchte, fit verdortj>«ltpr V^rzwelflunp ftiehlto fr cen c5anrt liT.nr wio'«»r zvia hen s-^inen ^lnrf=Tn vcrri ••s«=^ln, ohne flnsg ('nr ttr*?(£tr^nt-c ^und deriri /,UTMie( kLliel •
liin^s Tsres ven^lert^^lieiri von äer liibliothok» ::r \;nr aneo- G^'elt v:^n r-er Oetonoiiie* " onn or sich nui- erlauben kouimte, £olno G-ed.'^nk'ea \"io(ier au b^fi^eion aus » ou ummordiron Feasolii clor Fakten unrl D-^ten^ sie wieder Hufji^V; v/eben zu laa.:: n In den ytetlior dor Speku* Intlonl ^'S '-pr er denn, ein In -asua odor ein jvor, hkennnul? liin Arller den <foif5tos, dor n^i U>3teeti^i;h uobcr 0er Totnlitnet der Dlnce «-•hwohtp O'^er ^in Fro?ioh, «er iin Svirnpr r>it^t und nach :'u-:c!c(in s-^Jmn'^^t? i:in zn^nir^^H flolnw-h er^r'if^ ihn neich "' on edlou Dlskasnio-
/«
n-^-n ^^^er Gott; < on"Vvelt-r:*»iMt^; die '^ß^solute Idee"; die Nntiir deo jßl Irin echt i-en He^el^s^hea r/otors, dor die Oerchichte dor renöchholt tr^i^t• "'reicher Trufel hatte Ihn v^rfuehrt, die hohen Thenen der Phl lof3Dr;hie :^u v^rtl^ll^oh^n mit (.f:.n plrtten er 0'^konoMie?//jloet2- llr^ ^torVct^- Sr-in Sc)iritt» /'in toller Ceclonice \:hr c\Z' h ihn gv^zuckt*
In hizer-^nn Sc'.noorkeln hntte sich p
vor fvinen Geist ein
Forion von cor Ockonor iö zir Philosophie r spoiuion. Der elLtaechtig^ brfcTsn !'otori hns i^roase /i>s/ l VVnr viollei* ht die ocironoi.ic dor elt
t
flinnt. A^^O I o to.
' 4 ►> ^ .-^vf '^^ ' T* f (^ n Vii
d(^H r 03se i,s
^
fU ilü>
Ein V/incln^.ocs ,"-iir dui-»h die Strasse* Kftrl I!'^r:c hielt lea Hut auf ^nin 7oT)fn fest* };ln inter^^asanter 'ednnkel .^iii kollossaler Oedankol
TBr^\rn^ vmv er v-^raponnen ij. sich* IJntr v;olk^n. voii Rauch r> hrltt er rf^^tlos nuf und pb in reiner. Zil'-iner« Kuep^el von iilßarrenir
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stur.: '-In Ij^ouftcn i?lch it. f-nliun ABnh'-.n^e^-hrrn. Ilnchts v.T.clzto er fiich in Uett. Fmu Kfrx l-finntf n hon ßr.nur voi; iia , ui: l-ein« Fraron nn iiai z\i rlchton, Ab«r » Inoc Ileditv; l;oj;o;ir. -r :;u roden, !:r sagte, d«9S «r eine :"nttlcr!:uiiß Gßrif*'^''^ uf«lv?,. TTn''. er n?- n-it.- die lnt':'ookunr (?ie u;irp,hGUorr.to In ki»- w .Trhrhiuv. '^rt<m.
,. 31o rl«-nV,t^^, drßs -r o:vUioh roi.'irn Bovris fuor cUo Jrievutn-
ich
•" *rficho
ui in '>n Z'^.nr'W'i:! -n ' -t Ocko-
viel rroerseres. Statt '-^ui a v.ii
nomi^, iGtto <-t dl«-- O'-konornie 1:: f^'^n Kla^^ev ^^Q\\ rler. üchlclcc ^r gefun irtfp-t Fund w-r, dcrs 'Mf.) On,>aiui;-.ie v.-elt-rcc-icrci.^e Krn:ft ist. Allep, -fRo ur.tor 'p.n :'on .-hen je voi--inr unA 1o vor»^i.'lie.i \7lrd,
ais ne UrKRc len hMbeB.//D9in Hucel'üv-hen Syi'.toa, criclrerts i:p.rT, virA
m
Jö'Ji'.t für linor sein f'-lnchor J:opf r,bf:es^ hlrt.':on imi d r ecLtc Ko^f wird Ihru eu'llch nufc ^'5«t:'.t, T.r. hleiht v/phr, dio Mensr hhoit schrol- ^ tat ev,i- r.ufv;»«rto, Und ee hL?ibt v.-ehr, d'\r • -§ dio.es Au/frtlrcs int df:a "öi'-l- ktis-'ho'* Zlc^czeclr von Ho-'f tion zn ^'e'^-etlon, Tx^c. hftij dnr J «rl'.Qlr^ alte K-rl" ^anz ^ IcJhti.c- errn3st,/A.tor '^^n ?':otor, der diesen llachf-nismus bptreibt, hette Ilerol nicht erl.:ar.nt. :i^ er roten brfln- ßet nich nicht i- ni'Tr.pl, — as ist ai ht Cott. llr befin'ot nich nicht in d'-n r.enn^hll/'hen Forpfen, — «n sind n^c^ht J-deen. Dicrer Motor he'indot s\rh in r^er r:f?teriellon '.eltl W' r, die ?.T( n^' hen hcndoln . ir.ar:ht, VT«? sie r.lt alpolutintl;^ bnr Gsvalt auf ihrer pme-det-rmi- niort-n Jtrnsse v/citerstoerst, ist df r C^yrnnr der ookonor.ls han üat-
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Oo' resron »^nce
Briff r.n I.A« Uinr.e von ?9. i'perz 1?'65. -Söti^cted
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wendipkelton. Dos elloi^echtlpe, c ilverauenftifje So Ist iia Wirtschaft;
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//Vor«t«n^ ^'^nny df*f??//V:*«r e«? Ihr kl^r, dnnc dr?s clio hc^inxello eines voelllr nnuon rhiloeophisrhen SysteüiS v;ar? Hotte nin *.iu .i.:iitlgeo Gefuohl ilpfn-r, v;.' s e.? blrsög de>ss ihr V.üiin in die riQcidiictto cinaehcn wird, f^lr cJ» r Aiitor dos omijruel'.ipen pJiilonophis ^on .3yctcrj;s?
Jenny I^'^prx v/;-r liRenj^'t p,ewo-hnt 011 J hllosophio« ßle rechte un s^^^^rleb in ih «n nrlolon d^rueber mIb vv-ier':; ole nulccv;ac.i3ea' drin«
Ganz tief
t w» r sie i Uior oiii kl inos bis—
rhnn rilBet^'6taiß<".h rehlX-hen^ ol» die ^hilOBophischen 3ysto:io v;irk- lioh etv/;8 \'ert aim^^ vjeiui os nich ur-i ?>:ri honf'vtilto^ luitto sie etlß^'^r enroin Icl*=^ine53 b:iiK!} e.n Anr:st vor ;3ni'iar: lionrf nlion bia zun Aenn nr55T.on zn^iuspit *^^n» .Auf je en fpll 'T^r es ihre 'olle, roiüesson zn bloibenJ|sic frrr;t't ihn, ^^^**^ ein^nnlich n^-u sei m tv Ixiur iiat- dec^-'unr? V'-t» en nic-^ht elt und ^n^o. tritten, inss dlv ookonoaiGclien rn?'to^nn n;n r^on MtiRrf^'-n ^Hnflue^^5^en ^ u^ dfs V^rly Iton <l<;r r^'^nw^^iien rohoo^en? Wrr br.-^uolitf» uuid v/aa Icomit^^ dn noch -iit^IS'^ :t \: r on?
Er se.<;tf*, dnB n«ue ti atel\o dfiraiis, dass nui' die ockononic^ hen Fpktoren, c^us}^<!hliesf^li.^)i sie, d-n Mnflup.i h^ben# nGhüriamoon fuer Irarer di^ «It^^ \/'*ir3'^hivoCTi^?.Ali>it, in » ^r 03 nehrorc V' rs r;ir>dene iin^llnn dcf5 ron- <*hlichi.'n :ie.n^ieli\s e^b — daruut r Mich die Oekononie* TjRh'^nvnn on die v.ahbli^o Unentj? .hi;driih'.'it, di«:» zu ßl^mb'.^^i vorgab^ dv^sn di'"! Kiafilne-^se ^\\h O-m V';rr*ciiledenen Hellen sich foit^vr. ehrend HrY_^^^^""T7n* '^--^ 1X3 In hen unj v rdroenpen koonnt in# ' etin er, sagte dor Mohr nehnn r\rT OrkroncKcle noch end re n^^enhen an^rkpnnr.n wuerae, dfenn ti^ettri r>in r^rht: donn vpere ni<^hts :'oae8 an neinen neiion System« A^^T T 1- uc-riiito je^e rrapohp nunn* r clor Or!:onor.i' • Dio Ockonomie
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165 * Ist nicht •'ein« Einfluas, aon-ern -dor" Einfluas: rter einvii'-e.
Durch 1 TRU Jeimvfs Kopf ri^V die Foxi.el, die sie dorn L'ohr so oft in Dlakiissionen hnt^o vorhalten hc ren: «pora rro to^, ein Toll stebt des Oanzen. Crcbnercn rioh die Ilnndl'Jinren und .'.untponde nus • Iner -ir.ziron, eussc'niio-slichen Urscchc, O'^er <oäs eiier Vielfelt von v-rn ■Mcdonon Uraecn-n? Sie nrhuettelto don Ilo^f. Aus wlcJi0n oekonociij^ohen TTra^chen hetto sie den Tohr r-ohelrr-tct? Oanz ^GstiImt
TT'iqs «'«»r I en3<^h noch von nn oreron Einfluoosen nls nur vor .^ekono-
da^s die o'mrnchsten Kri:aJiran,-6n doin röhr zu '^^^^'^^VT'^c^schietwn. n,i9.-^«n '^r-trieb.jn '^"T'o^^tfno ser^t'j.V^u::: Beispiel . er ■inn-isn von
War
Hfiss und Liebe, von Ileon, An^rhauunf-n, Kthi«c, vo-i Khr.-ei^en, Lcl- (^nm: hrften, Torheiten nicht h-ndrivoif lieh/ L-- Lehen der ':in7.olnon
nnd Aller?
Dnr :.io:ir la( ht.o. und soin T^rhen v/rr cltie v<-rb.-ußun • vor ihrer
tvillironz. atacter:^
ilatte sie
nicht, rofoi tK<inen sprinfTenron Pimkt hcrrunrefun en.//6ir.her, »fißto rr, fr.iht es Ideen, Tor- litpetr-n, L ■! f^nfifhoften. Aher dic-r? Ideen, Worrllt-ot^m, L i< «nshnfton cind Ihr- rn«ito wicler ir.-encv.-enn aus oeirononla hon^Tr5!P'-h<^u ,'ehoren v/or<.en, — Rogtern o--^r v .r Jrhrhundorton. Si.:> r^ind nur ^->T)le"elMl^'^r, Tneur.chun-f.n. V rr-tend sie dr-nV ??r liof TAin 3c!iroibtlsch, und krönte ant-r Z.etteln. T.r lar Ihr vor>: "liepre- sentP.Uoi, \Aionr'/thH Intellnct.u'.l ititr«rcouse of hu'->n hoint-s, p,rise X «r, tho direct ooutnor.e of thcir '.^terial behr.vioivi, The sr- e thing 1e truo or nental Production, ai dirplayod in the l-ncua,-.o of tho Pol/itir3, the lcv;s, the r.orality. thc relipion, tno netfl^hyslcs etc. of e i^ronio. :!vcn the phc.ntn3nift,>:orirs in the hu:^<»n trrin nre cnforced suvT^le-onts of nen's nr-tcrial vitel procean. T'or^lity, rcUrion, ne-
166
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taphyslc», rm' i'oolory In renerfl, with thcir cppropri- te fopiiL of connciousnesn, tVu5? foifclt the sf.TiMci'Co o! ihdependtfnce. rtioy heve no hir.torj', no DVOlnti'>n of thPir ovn, i u:.e:ii vv.ixi-jja^ ut>vul.opii;e V r.atcrlril rrouuction «m: r.r.ttrii.l idf-fi f."u2\^.i, ßru thuL i?.ltv> i:i.f: the rcrl v.'orl'J thrt envlrons tl^er., rltcr tr^j^ifth U^;lr • loa/hto enc the T)roiluct of thuir thourhtj^, ConsciousneoB does no\. ■^et-errlne lif?, bu.t. life rlet«rr;lnrs conr.ciriusriese*''*) •
Sic fr^fito, v;le doe Ja zu Icw- l:;:n g in pollel 'Jio kc iiouptun^,
n'jy.lr fu'& ..'©r.on ontsT>r'iurc?r: sind — öi. so i•e^Rupta:l; , cpf^tc cie, ccheine nicht vfDlrer iriytholot'lsch vdt? dir, dssn r.lln I'ens hcn <-:UC ( cp. Sargen Aösr.s rntsi^ranrcn ninf., Wie, frcctc sir, eif.nn er plrusild {;e;iic-cht wer.'*en, de^c die Ook-oronfie "<-.r Vptpr aller älescr<-v^^ üiiv^c ist? Kerl :-'er:c v-u^^.e etw.s irribieii, Kr v:er, rc^te er, aii Lccinn, ■ aicht em "n'P oln r Tintäe-kuiit:. 5eltstv-rst'«ntllich hctt.o er noch viol «arsn ?u arb.= iten, ehe die kloinüte Yorcocaetzonn neiciaert ixt.c u:id die 1.3t-/,te rol.-c run.- entvnOcelt sci.i «ner' c.//Ater v,'?:ra": sollte o» jRittJ_«cu^-tW. mi-thol 0,-1.7 h ccin, er.ss ."llo I^itainkte, üraotion-iri und Ge-^r-Trcn n:'>t'..'on.il«"^;r-..-^i.'?e ei-ion oGkonor:i;.u.-h!iu i.'rspi 'in.; hüV.cn ciucssea? ffrr dfiB nicht aozußfif'en die orbiic!ir holHf-tun;', (iia der . tac^-iA i^it sich ••.'-rtins-iilonrt s 't d-xi B(.'f;imi a.:ir:Qr Ocs^-hichte? ::r Icrf/^rita cinon R^uen -.Ott'?! her-^un unn \tv vo-: "Ha^inn bcinro ^oTiil to distiiv.ulsh th,>T-.ort\v>s f or: finl'iclD üs aoan ns thcv befin to D-oduoe thcir cnm
♦) K.-rl f>rT un(^ >rieflrich Ern^els; ni^>..><>*T-^w^:L d-n "ol • .ncn :.it:^t sind -
i V
.^^■jll ri 'j'-i;. 1 V 1': J' 'ii'q 1
■yporhrinbongn wwA wch;^!'-- Jülu'e uaver-
entli^ht ■/■.■VllbibenHn "Duutac'awii I eolo,-lg"Tr- ^^
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ajfiterinl lifo. Tho necess«ries of llfe cre, Hbove oll, food, drink, nhclter, clothlar aiui u fev/ athoi-a» IIouco tlit-: firsL lixüuoric-.l act in tha r>rodücti;Mi of the 'li-ii^ns for tho üntlsfnction o: theso nooOa, an<* thin one Mstnri^al SKt ff?ct io thc rundanental doterni-'u:nt of X all historv# V.'hrt in'^i/if'.urilr: ?.ro, coinaiäßs vith v^^^jt ^:hoy profiuce; an'^ mt only^viu-.t, thoy praduc<^ bat wi1ih hov t;-4oy produoe. Uo'icaquent- Iv. v;*-.nt Ina Iv Mini;:; fir->. <1<3rienls ur>on tihe üonditions of cic torial
«
Jenny T'rrx srhwler: fuor clnic«^ j\ 11.3 -inbl icke, i-uior, noit slo unter c!:'e Philnrophoa rr.rn tm './'.r, hntte nl.> dea v/ohlv.oliom;en Ver- dacht, f'Rr.- aif allo df.s C'er.'jntril von < ei. ttton, y,<:^ üic Min ■..ollton* ^ Allo T.or'n 3I0 nur,, ur: (Ion Aborslrsuton durch Vernunft ::u r^^otzen — nnf! rip'^'- Inrirnno-. Aufv.'rind von V-,rr:tM-(l un'! ]/0':.il: s a. e en s i.o alle
«
Sl< i'in k' »nto.'xKK .-fjr ::ohr von .'«r I{otv/em;l.:;-:oit, ".'i'^.-jnl.'.slls-'he'' rh:*loeophie aarch eine (»re((tr;, rcnlinti- r;nc,V-:ij.tt.riUi';tia: ho»' su errets-n, ~-le '. - r nloht ^v^.vi7. .slchor, oVj^ c-i nicht befoitt cul tleri We^-e v.T^, n\v vie-U-r elur P.cue Art vnn .'V^tik-, ::iitholnr 'c, yct;fph:^llc tn ''rof'>uzi-rpn,//rle Ir^f^chrltr r.eV.nr ''If. 'iis.rlo} t rit ' lai rl^^;- -^rtll-
cren
.n»i \i '. .U iron'o. Ab fr d p vi r.' Ih« S.-.oho. Sie v.-.r vor- holrrt-t r.it ihx"., nich^t r..it r-ln-r Phllocophj-, I'nd f?evlor/ v/:.r cc nlcr.t pn Ihr, ihn :^\! ^ntr utlrf:- . Cif.- freftf Ihn, v.'^ lohen Jrtrnr er cl-^h ervnrte v-^n reiner Entderkunr,
'"- \-lof^«=^rholtf:, <*.; ar^ er v rst ?r; Anfenc ^Hl».e« Drr r'fA::e Dlnß yrr- ncc»~ '^ua/.uf ^b'1 «"rt/ bir in die Vti'to Flncsno, aa<i ell-^? poegll- cbP r.ochtn .-icli dr-V^l noch •TC^Yrs., Abrr nlt i;ponron v.er zu {-reifen.
/(cxk£ He^ ö^ 5(- ^wo^ .;<^£
t.i'U-u^UA.
Jc/e^^
<
K
168 Barte er, Af^ss dieße Entdeckunr mit einen elnzip:nn Schlap die
Tuer zu einer neuen Wio39nnchaft HiiTstossii^jDnvch daf)fie üritdek- kun^t ser^te or, v/(^rden v/ir endlich die Creaetze iler Cresmichte ent- sohle iorn koennen, V/os wer uns die Gres<hichte der Lens ohheit bis- her? liin unentwirrbares Chaos von ven nun\.iicjiuni .^ufeellen, Sinn- losigkeiten, UnboröchenbarKeiten. Jetzt öb»3r W(^rden v/ir befaehlrt, dieses Chaos zu entv/iri^en* Jotzt können v/ir den Vorursacaer jeder '■in hliolma ;5ntv/icklunK: die Oekonoiie, und die/ Jtrasse jeder i.<(Ui[n hliohoii j^nt^ ^icklunfr: die üialt^ktik. lüt der Kenntials dieser ZV ei iactoren ;/ird die Goös^'^hicnto ksu eiuur aui'ioejjberoa Gloichunf^: zuTi Objekt einer exr»/^ten \;isJ:^oancliefL wie die I'^jthei :ntik, die Atrononie, die Physik* öie ofienbart .sich als ein netur^ liojiLHf i rozess mic perfekx^er LOv'^ik un^ deteKninierter Progression* Alle Vorr^enfre und Zu^taende in den Jahrtausenaon, alle 1 estrcuunrien, Einriolitunren, Vorfaßsun^:en, üeseti:e, Knere, Hevolutionon, fCaempfe, Vnrbi'uederunf-en -- alles des wird zu einer ^'leordneten yvuf einander- folf'e von Phasen in dieseii ev/igen, nienals untorbroclierien, iiimer
e^
rfit^ionelien 1; ozess*//Uuä nichr, nur die vorp:an/^ene, nach die kon- nende Gos hichte wirci sich dank diusex* VvisseaschRi't entsc^hleiernl Unv-rr:'eidlicii, sa^•^te ilarx, v;ird die Kenntnis der Cresetzo, in denen die p:"schichtliche Lev/ecung sich vollzioht, auch aio Phase exaj^t zu erkennen restatten, in die der Prozess des r.ienschlichon Schick- sals normen una uebomorren eintreten v;ird# V: n v^i-d . issen^J, was korimen v;ird, und v/ie* Und welcher Gev.inn fuor die Jpche des So- zi^Aisi^nusl vVelch^r Gewinn, wenn der Sozialismus sich nichfcl/alr. ein Plan prpesentiert, der willkU' rlich r^us den Blauen i-er oktroport
/
I I
tu fi
Insr
169 weraon 30II, sondern just als eine \^eltere der vicien :^scxxx n^tu-r;^es^*-'7,lV,hr!n Phnson, durch die der Konsch seit der; Anbruch d-r /üeiten gKi&e^:/ive h.indurch.'-ehen nuasta aud iiu.er xiEilmx
weiter hindurch«ehsn r.uss
Leuchtende Freude und hochflie.^ent^er Stolz waren ueber Karl i'.nrx .-eis 0-1,01© n. Er wrr nicher, nit St.iner ockono':.3/^fm Lrklaerung der Geschichte/ die letzte, bloibence Total -Antwort §uf eile letzten Fr8f--on pp-^eLon zu hr.bcn. Selbst '.;onu J.-nny sich l-i.stande ,:'efu.,hlt haetto, reinr.r, triu:::phalen (Rauben noch v.altere iweifel entA-e^f-nzusetzen, hr:Otto si« eich nicht dazu berechtigt .;efueiat. Ob Rr recht hr.ttc oder nicht, sie b.nvuiulurte Üm^^rs Vertrauen auf die v. r::ein lioh-n Gesetze diocer Deiner \.ij5.senschaf t wird noch y^i\v:^ selbst in unf^c^nehltc Irrunroii und iii •. ( hit^ Katastrophen ven-.'ir.keln. aV-t iiiaor vechrcnd nfinea (ganzen Lebenr v/ir(i er dabei bleiben, die .)ekono:alsti3( he aenchichts-lnterpi-etation nicht tiur ücine ni/--ne rronce Lrir.tun- zu nennen, sondern eine der ueber- \.Teli:i,'^end3'-on I.(!istanc.-en des renav-hlichen Ooiiites uebcrhaupt. Di.ise L-^^irtunr v/f r das neunte der doterränierciuien hrel^.^nisse, di^; rieh v;nehr-'.nd der wan^ir hoicuin. hen Monnte vo:; Fruohlinp 18^3 bis Snc"e V'L^L ii^. Leben des frrl I r.rx zunerrtendrüenv^ten.
Und dfiG Jr,hr U'U versenk. Die -/wanzir loneto v.vren beeu- t%. K,'.rl i'arx rtend -uf/ der Schioiie, die er vo. nun ob nicht mehr v.rlessen wird. Er httte die fii.;entuor.lichk:.iten ent^^icJcelt, die er von nun ab beibehalten vird. :3r heute die Ideen gedacht, denen er vo'<. nun ab nichts vesenLliches ehr hinzufu.^'en vird.
Ir. J?nu-.r 1?A5 erhielt er die Ordre der Parii^er Polizei, Frankreich binnen vier v;oc.hen zu verlensen.
y.
-'Sl.'^s^ - '^^rA<Y^,
-J ■>
/fo^if
~ \jo ^v1
r
*^
>i
4 -^
;n%
170
Chapter 7: ftur ThanrT äu^jcc l^i
e^i^^f^c^
Der Ausweisung- von Karl f^^arx auB Frankrelgh war ein diplo- Fiatlsches Spiel Yoraus^eF.anren. IjAxxf den Koenip; von Preussen v/ar ein Revolverattent^t veruebt v/orderiw- und war missglueckt. Den «HTor- waerts*» in P^ris hotte das veranlasst^ seine brennende Sehnsucht nach einem geschickteren Schuetzen auszusprechen • Dies wie^'i^r hatte die pr^-:ussische Regierung veranlasst, das Verbot des Blettes von der franzoesisrhen zu verlangen. Der Kanister Guizot hatte das Ver- bot verv/el^ert* Statt dessen hatte er angeboten, die Redakteure wegen Aufreizunr zum Mord vor Goricht zu stellen* Das roch
^e^
don Wind nach Ironie. Selbntverstaendlich konnten die Preus- sen nicht 'vuen^rihen, dass das Leben unn die O^aten ihres Souveraens in offenen Gerichtssaal, vor Paris^^r Ges^^hworenen, durchgehechelt werden wuer^a;^. Berlin lehnte die freundliche Offerte ab, und Mo- nate von Verhandlungen bsttanen. Als sie (?erei/.t wurden nussto et- wfis 5^etan v- rden. Guizot verfiel auf einen Ausweg. Alle unnaturali- eierten Auslaem^.er, die in dem Elatt Jemals etwas c^es^hrieben hat- ten ^^rhi^lton die Ausvreisunr^s -Ordre.
Es \mT eine Ordre franzoesischen Stils. Ihr Zweck war, betennt- s'^eipieben zu werden, nicht wirklich durch^efuehrt zu v^erden. Solche Dlnpe ••richtete ?nan sich" in Frankreich, und so v/r^r es (^oneint. Haine erhielt die Ausweisunrs-Ordre, — und zoc selbstv^ rptaendlich nicht fort, sondern richtete es rieh. Bakunin erhielt s?e und rich- tet'- a9 rir>h. Rure erhielt sie und richtete es ?ich. Aber Marx bo- schloss, es nich nicht zu richten. 3r nachte klpr, dass es ^^^.^n seine V^uerde s i, sich un die Gnade einer brutalen bourp:eoieen Re- pierunr zu bemuehen.
\if
Sv
1 71
Sein Gev/aehrenlasseri errep:to nicht weni^ Wlflerapruch bei an- deren radikalen Ausleandern in Paris. Nach deren Ileinuni^ niasste Je- der Radikale sein Aeusserstes dsfuor tun, dass solche I^IaaBnahmen auf deri VveR der D^jrchfuohrun^ stecken bl^dben# Die l^raxis der poli- tis«*hen Ausweisunp:en durfte sich nicht ainbuergorn#//lu Paris lebte ein Jouraalist Karl Gruen — v/ie denn, war das nicht der Name des Journalisten, der vor zwei Jahren den ersten Artikel uebar Marx in
, €/i yrd^ c(o^^^at4^
einer <:ieitunfr untergebracht hatte^/^jencnj^Humaes-Artikel aeber s
%CiK>^
•♦incisivon Verstand*^ und s-^ine ^perf i-di^ lomatische Ivianier^^ (Üebers: siehe p* 102) ftinoJitifijy an in^rt d Pflr,ilh,o|rr.äri Griulh lebte
^irT G-ru
jetzt in Paris als ein dtoZiallstischer Denker von boscheidonen Ruf, und ausserdem als j^orrespondont der sozialistisch gewordenen Zeitung von Trier* Nun, Karl Gruen tndelte den Sohn der ütadt "rier we^^en der ^nbef^'Te.igliohon\ Untorlassunp; je ;or i^eiauehung, seine AusvvTGisung annullieren zu lassen.*)/lKarl Marx v/er empoert, und, bei Gott, er wird ien An.^riff nicht vorr:essen* AVer sein vVille, dnss es bei der Ausv/^isum^ bleibe, wurde nicht schH^nkend» Es band ihn nichts te- sonceres an Paris • Er konnte ebensogut andearwaerts lebenü In/ Bel- gien zur?i Beispiel* Als er in Bruessel eintraf — Mann, Frau und K^nd und Lenohen i^emuth ~ lap; zum zv/eiten Mal ein un. ef inierter Schinner von Maertyrertuin ueber ihm*
^Die Hundef'' brach Engels aus, als er die Nachricht empfing. Und er beschraenkte sich nicht auf Ausdruecke der Empoerunf-* Spon- tan dachte er auch an die praktische Situation. »♦Die Huncie sollen wenif2;stens das Plaisir nicht haben. Dich durch ihre Infamie in peku-
V'
//
») Otto Ruhle; Karl Mjirx (The New Hoiae Librery) p, 98
c
n
172
nieere Verlerenhelt zu brinf^en*«'*^) Sofort jroeffneto er eine oaroni-
lun^ fuer Karl Iviarx unter aen Koriniunisten in der Bourgeoiöie von Dernion und ..lljerfeld* Und d^m br^iven Jaiiß Hess or nuf^a neue sam- neln in Koeln. Und Foses Hess lieas er in VvestcöHlea saiirioln* Und da gerpde sein Buch ueber '^die LaRe der arbeitenaon Eicissen in En/;^land"ersohien, verzichtete er viapunsten von Marx aur sein fael- li^es Tlonorar« Und Iceine vi|(;r Wochen, nachderi er das alles f^etan hatte, forderte er ihn nuf'o n^^ue auf; ^Schreibe mir nun uiri^ehend, ob Du noch üehr aeld noeti^?* hiu^t.^*'^) So Wör fast, als uobernehiiie er tüisx die Verantwortung; fuc-r Warx* Unti^rhalt*
Der neue EiJiv/otener von bruessel wa.' auorst ein bischen de»or- ^anisiert, ]iT vmaste nicht riciiti^T, v^ls er Jeti^t tun solle« Fuer einen
Morit nt beschaefti^^te ihn die belgiacje poliz/ei* üio vorr.mtete vaßue
«
eine e^ev/isge Gefahr in riexi e. usp.ejv;iosencn rrvuiden Literaten« liit charaIcteriHtisoh bour^eiwfaer Brutf^litc-set eroeffnete siv3 iiu.i, dass er in -t>elr:ien alles s.hreiben Oiiu voroeff endlichen koöiuie, was ihm beliebe, — nur unber innere belr:lsclie Tar:espolitik inoep:e er inner- halb Belgiens nichts Vf^roeffentlichen. Er verpflichtete L^ich/ zu dieser kleinen A^tineazj|Aber dass die belpiache Behoerde ihni so-
fort ihr Interesse /^ev/idnet hatte, veranlass te ihn zu einigem Ä*acji-
nen Vorbeugen koenne»)Ar) ^^jphFr^ten
^fefilcen, vjie er aer/eren ^hiKai
/^*<
glaubte er ai^^u hl^n /,u ko eanen,^ wenn er J^^^ijiciu ^t^oit^^iiiehr aJs %
luerper amehoere« f^i'jiflr»>iif llunaj^Viülai^ h^itte^ ^^F^^l^f.^'^2\ ^^^^"^^^^ ^^g
jC^ f^^lKlM^^
<(»^^ü ^^r.ehr das Recht, sich noch ir^crendv^ie ui.i ihn zu kueijuaern • IJr achrieb
einen Brief» in dera er seinen Austritt aus deiü prouüsiuchen Staat anirieldete — und er erhielt einen Brief, in dein Irv-usnen s einen
*}Friedr>
unf^els;
Brief an :4arx von 22. Februar 1845 • • 17. Maera 1P.45
173
C
Austritt acceptierto. Der Zur erschien ihm besonders scherf berech- net. Eines Tages v/ird er ihn seh' er bereuen^
Aber das v?aren Lappalien, Ein groesr^eres Ereignis \rnT, deas ploetxlich lingels in Bruossel erschien.
Die AtROsph^ere in seinem El^ernlipus war unertrr er-lich fuer Engels reworden. Sein «faneti^ und de3poti|^^^Kn t^er»'*) hoette sich damit fibpvfunden, anss <ier Friedrich des Geschaeft nicht mehr betre ten v/ollte. Gern hoette er ihin jet/.t erleut t, so spaet, r.it fuenf- unnzwenzil Jr^hren, noch :',u studieren,/ ^juI tuln: nolührto J..-n
hnhn
Aber die laesterliclien Ueborzeurunren, die der innr,e ilann entv.ickelte, un.l eb^so s.-^inc IntiinitRet mit diesen unaussprech- lichen Hess, wnren mehr als im ?leuse Engels verziehen worden ko.:nte. "Yen can not iniaßine the r.plice of the Christinn ;7itch-hunt xvhich is v;hoopinp: flf ter ny soul.-**) Seine oefeoncliche Propaganda ^cr war eine Lepre auf den i*anen der panzen Familie. \.enn er das wenig- sten- irpendwo weit vep; betreiben wuerdel Dar^elte Herr f u^hlte sich In i^oloher Schande, dass er seinuE Sohn eine Rente ^mbot, nicht x^ ueppig, aber auch nicht aerr.lich, falls :^r nur aus i>anü-n verschv^in- flen vmerde.lJDi^s liesa sich mechenl Kriearich jinßels packte seine Koff'^r und fuhr ab n^ch Bruessel. Die Aer^ der ^sros.sen .llianz zwi-
i3ie bozop-en Woh-
3chen den zv/ei Junflien Literaten ber;ann. nu#(?en nebeneinander in der Rue d'Allionce.
Kine Ueberraschunr, die iluft v.-iedtr einmal stottern machte.
vierte te auf Knpels, Ss vr^
ir nicht das Buch rail den exof^ten Bev/eis
FriGf^r. Sn^olst Brief na. M-rx vom 17. Maerz 1?L5
**
)
W
c
iM
«»
174
fuer dfti? Inexritfibel horaunnhende F.nAo des oelconoiilav-hen öys^tons. Hein, das Buch Kar noch nicht fraschriehen, Dafnnr ytur «twfis unor-
Rönsllch vloi Kroonarti-ea •ll^stAndpnl Dlo ookaaorilotischo aeschichta-
n
C
44i2A^
5^
^/
TOB
^^2^.
soln. In sprlnr 1?A5, ho hrrt \t alrö^dy uorkod out and put it be-
1)1^ tieberr^ochun'- wr trano ftufrc/romler fuer JngelBp &iß viele
von M^rx* otupondrm l>e<'u^:i.ion^m s-hon Ite selber duichd^n roT)f ranron - ^
rr^twKtm v^^ren. :> hatte selbst achon fyinz sehnliche Idoea in nlch pewnol7.t. "This ?roponltion, vhlch^in ray opinioii, 1- dostiried to do for hlrt^y whet Dßrwln»s theory has dono for biolo,-^', v.-c, both of US, bR'1 been ,7-?^Uplly appro^ichlnp; for rob» yer ra >:efore lf45,«**) J"8*^ohl, es w«>r elnor <;r>r Vpeiio, In denen <'.erselbc Fiuaite gloich- zeltipj In zwei o-ehlrsen RUf?* bllt'.t vor, und Äcrx v;lrd nicht 200- fnrn d^c /u be«tGeti;{':n* "Friedrich Bncels T)rEr In Frtiehjphr 1?45 auf r>n'*9r«« -.^e zu dor-is^lbcn »•sultrte wie ich ßelrngt. »♦=***) Enpjels wi?e<»r, (".«r zweite af,ip«r, wird nie zo. f^ern, zu unterstreichen, daKS «-»s ^r's:^ru^n^liche Verdionct «in f-r (fester roeasure tc ' f-rz and only in n Tcry sroll d^gree ^t myself* ♦♦**/) p-sschulcet verde, /p.*!*? f'e-- quch aei, ol-^ fletzt«»n gich nieder, un diose Jßche j-ruood» llr.^ ralteinrnder durchzudlslcutl^^ron« Sie rln^^en sie in diosf^n ersten Pr»if>«folf.r TflfQn /:^ull fiij. I'uüIll^ blf- in allo Details, niteinjmder
riedr>'-.n>^el3! rn.i.r.i.* tu fiH ^iinn^-'i 7 ^ ||| ;^|tifTn nV thn rnnr-dinl-fr"
'lÖJCGS^* T'orr/^rt zur -Kritik der politiachan OekoncRsio«. f:»a±
♦♦♦♦TFrlcdr. En-^ela: Antl-Durhrlnr. ( Int rn. Publishora, How York) ^
P. 13
175
^
i/l
C Unr! dann wnr voll-oridot — muendlich, nicht sc.-hrif tlich — was sio von nun
ab beide bis zu Ihren letzten Tag "unsre Ansehe uunf"«* ) , "unser Standpunkt" , ,| — im allfemeinoi : "unare Theorie"***) nennen v/crden.
In "unsrer Theorie" war der allriaephtipe Motor nicht mehr nur, wie ursprueni?lich, öll,-«r.eln die Oekonorle. Die Hypothese, Vemutung, Behauptung WRr jetzt, dasr es innerhalb der Oekononie sozusaf-en einen l^otor des Mo- tors ?ebe»
Wie die Kroft Sonnons In seiner Haarlocke sass, so oitzt die Kraft der Oe-'-ononie lr\ den "Produkt ivkraeften", — <ien Werkzeuf^en, Maschinen, technischen Verf ehren, die dem Mens-hen zur Verfuerunr stehen.
Diere Produkl.ivkreefte sind der Sai e, aus den unwiderstehlich das renzQ Schicksal drr Wens.^hen quillt. Und es ist hinzuzufue^en, das-s es "dem Mens hen nicht freisteht, sich seine Produktivkraof te zu waehlcn".****) ^ Sie muercen unviderstehlich icnaer den Stand der 'A'echnoloßie folgen. Tto
•US Getreide i^ehl zu mahlen, vrrv.'^nr et der rensch zuerst zwei Steine. So- bald die HandEuehle erfanden ist, nuss er diese verwenden; dann die VVind- muehle, dann die Dampfnuchle. Unö aus Je.^er dieser unterschieclichen Ar- teh von Proauktionskraeften eebiort sich eine andere Art von Zustaenden und Breipnissen fuer die renschen. "Die Produktionskreefte sind die Basis
ihrer ranzen Geschichte."*****) •
Wie freht das zu? "Unsre Theorie" stier von den Grund-Ooachoss, den Produktionskrrjeften, zu einem zweiten und dritten Stockv/erk auf. Im zwei-
"»T ^rl Mam Vorv^ort zur "Kritik der politischen Ookonomie".
■ • Brief en Kn^iels, 19. Dec. 1$60
■ • Brief en Enfrels v. 2^. April 186? •» " Brief an P.V.Anaenkov v. 28. Dec. Iß46. Sel^ Cprresp. p. 7
•t w Ibld
**
)
***\ ****\
n^***^
)
176
ten StocJcverk erzeug die P^roduktlvkraefte das oekonamisnhe und soziale ^ System. Im dritten Stockwerk erzeugt das oekononische und noziale System selnerneits einen -üeborbau'* von Staat. Gesetzen, Ideon. Moral. Heligion,
Politik und derpleichen,
betrachte Ars zweite Stockv;ork.
Kein :i«elrel, sBRte "unsre Th,,orle". dess Jo-oB oekonomlsnhe Syotera not«<,r,^rtl«.nUse nur ein Reflex der ven.en.eten Werk..euee an« teohni..hon Methoden l.t. -Stellen Sie eich lr.enaeir.on bostlroten EnU,i.klunes-ZU3t,na der Prc-.uktlvfcreefte vor. dann war. en Sie oln. denen taprechendo Oeeell- ,.h.ft erhelten.-) um kein Zv,olfol. verum d.s .o eoln nuss .| -TeehnoloRy lavs tere the mode of fometlon of eoolal relatlons.-") wp oekonoBilsch .reduziert wl-d. v, r.en die Mensohen und Blüee in solche Beziehungen zu eln,n-ier .ebre.ht. wie sie zu .'er Art de= Proddzlcrena pes=on. -Sie Rohen bestirnte, nouvondlre. »on Ihren willen una*heen,.l^e Verheeltnlsee ein, Produktlonaverheeltnlee... Nun, "die <ieeenthoit dieser Produktionnverheelt- nlsse bildet die oekonomlsche Struktur der O.oelleoheft.-"») Infolgedes- sen entspricht die ockono„ls=he Struktur der technischen Art der Produktlv- kreefte, -Die WinüBurhlo er-lbl; die Oeeells.hnft mit dot. Feudal-IIerren, die D,r-,pfnuehle die Gesellschaft mit dem Industrie-Kapitalisten.-"")
In .:er Tat. auch der Kapitalist, das ElPcntun. ~ dle.es, so lange es be.teht. entsoholflendste Element des oekonoml..chen Sy=te.:,s ~ ist er- zeuct «or-en Ton den rroduk Ivkreeften. «aehrond der eanzen bishorlpen Oeschlchte waren die erkzeuKe und Maschinen trotz aller Tort-
♦) Kerl ViPTxfi
♦*
)
Brief an P.K.Annenkov v. 28 Dez. 18^6. Sei. Corrosp. p. 7 «Kapital- ( Kerr ^ Co.. Chicago) Vol. I. p. 406. footnote
♦♦♦) «
idij^i'
.La Misere de le Philosophie« (French Edition) p. 99
noch
177
8<5hrltte Icmer^von solcher technis hen BeBt haff enhelt. dass sie ^^^ ^ Q Individuellen Besitz her^tens verwencot x/er'on konnten* Der nrlvote Besitz
der Produkt Ivkrnefte entatü^nd unter deren eigenem Diktat als eine ••Unvemeld-^ barkeit fuer eine bestlmnte geschichtliche Periode"*)« Damit v^leder entstand ebenso unvermeidlich jenes weitere, entscheidende Eleiicnt ollor blsherif^,en oekonomis hen Systeme? der Klasnon-Anta frön Ismus* Denn da die Produktivkrnefte alle l^iBcht in einer Gesellscheft koavstituleren, wurden die Eirentuemer der Produktlvkraefte notwondipen/eise die herrschenne Klasse* Die beherrsch^|(ten Klassen wurden notv/endip;er\/eise ausf^ebeutet und unterdrueckt — •'dos Ei^^en- tum erzeurt jene Klassen-C^epensaetze unci Klassen-Koempfe, die bis zum heu- tifeen Tag den Inhalt der gcsanten aufp:ezeichneten Oes hlchte bilden*»***)
Kurz, jede einzelne Faser jedes oekononischen und sozialen Orcronisnus Ist orzeurt von en V/erkzeupen der Produktion entsprechend ihrem jev/elligen te^^hnolof^ischen Zustand*
Von dieser zv^iten Etare pelanf't man zur dritten* i^etrachte in irgend einer Oesellochaft den Staat, die Gesetze, die Ideen, die Moral und all f orgleichen* Kein Zweifel, sagte ^unsre Theorie«», das allos ist n4r ein Ueberbeu, der ^eneu entsprechen nuss dera Unterbau* / ••Die ookononlsohejff Struktur der Gesellschaft bilnot liriTier die reale Basis, die letzten Endes den ranzen Ueberbeu cowohl der juristlochen und politischen Institutionen, wie der rellgioesen
c
♦) Friedrich Enrela: Anti-Duehrinf^ (Intern. PiiM. Nev- York) p, 33
* ^mammmmmmmmmtmmmmmmmmmmammmmmitmmmammm
♦♦) «t » The Orl-in of F»iilly. (Kerr«:. Co., Chicago) p, 206
178
und Rongtif^on Bop-rlffe erklaort*''*)
Wns Ist zum Beispiel in der gegenv/aertipen Struktur der Stent? Unver-
(^ meidlich nichts engeres als ••eine Orp:anlsation der ausbeuten'^en Klasse zur ffewalt5=!amen Niederhaltunp der ausßrebeuteten Klasse in dem Zustand der Unter«
«
drueckunr, <3er von 'er bestehenden Procluktions-V»eise tesnoetiet wird,"**)
Wps Ist die Regierung? Unverr.eidlich "nur ein Ausschuss zur Fuohrunß der remeinnsraen Oeschoefte der Gesamt-Bo^flfeeoisie."***)
Vl/ps sind die Gesetze? Unvermei<Uich "nur der Wille Eurer Klaose, umce- v/andelt in Gesetze fuer Alle — ein Wille, dessen v;esentliohe Art und Rich- tung deteminlert v/ird von den oelconomlschen Bedlnp-ungen Eurer Klasse,"****) Selbst die Moral und Ethik, die der naive Mensch fuer annaehernd ewip;e Kategorien haelt, sine tatsaechlich nur Produkte den oekonomischen und so- zialen Systems« "Der Kensoh bezieht seine moralischen Ideen letzten Endes von rien oekonomischen Verhaeltnissen, in welchen er die Produktion und den Gueter-A US tausch betreibt. Mir weisen daher je; en Vf^rsuch zurueq^^uns unter der Behauptung, dass auch die moralische V/elt ihre e\vif:en Prinzipien hat, irrendwRlchea moralif he Dopjna als ein ewip;o3, encigueltif^es, fuer icirner unab- eenderlichea moralisches besetz aufzuzwinf'en. Wir behaupten, l-i Gefe-,entoil, dass alle moralischen Theorien letzten Endes ein Produkt der oekonomischen
stufe ist, welche die Gesellschaft in dieser bestimmten Epoche erreicht haü*^ So ist das ranze dritte Stockv.erk, der /?anze "TTeberbou" — einschliess- lich solch anscheinend temporaerer Prinzipien wie "Du sollst nicht luecon",
C
<.r.<.^
ableren*» —
"Du sollst nicht toeten»». Du sollst nicht falsch Zeup;nis
envachnen aus der ••oekonomischen Struktur*** Dns ist die Architektur Jeder
Gesellschaft*
e
32 306
♦) Briedr. Bn/rels; Anti Duehrinfr (Intern, Pttbl. Ne^v York) p.
♦♦\ » « • W I» • P«
*♦*) Karl Marx fr. Briedr. Enpels: fiomriunist Manifestp''
*«i»«\ m U ^ m " /
♦♦♦♦*) Friedr. Enpelsi Anti-Duehring (Int. Publ. New York) p. 104-105
c
n
r
179
^/.
Aber 6na vrnr noch nicht dss Endo von "uui tlmupyv >'h.pr war en di© Ouvertuere, \ enn erkla^^rt, int, wie nXl-??? entstanden Ist, musa noch orkl?'ert v/errien, v;loao alnh olleo flieh inner wieder eenaert. Die j((limnx von "^wr-ttrsTTTT^ war die Krklnerunp, wie die rroscen ge schichtlio'ien Ünwftel7.tm.";er; ontatehen und verlfmfon.
Die r^ospen TTr-ivrpolznnpon he/^linen v'ioder iia untornten Stock-
zeurten, o:itpuppj(en sich npch einl '?r ^eit auch ela d^:^ iia« li ul du j/'
a(P^ en i-^ sich trpef^t. Denn die Technolortie Meint nicht
v-^irvolüco'-iTyBn sich tmd vrmehren
stehe
;n. Die ff'nUHM uP J.' LM HL II 311
sich. Allnnehlinh vachaen 3 e hin.-ns uober den Rah'nen der, ookono- miachcn S^^ste^s, das sie selber einst schufen. "At n certnln ste^o of de^'-olopn'^nt tha nrodnotive forces cone into conflict with the exl- stinr T)roducti^e reletlona«.*) Dann bf^inn^n si^^^-iei^en die Tettor«**) zu drupcken und r.n pressen, mit denen das ookonomlsohe :5ystew sl^ einachnuert, "The "Droduntive forwea rebel «'--pinst the mode of prc- duotlon, wbich they h?»ve outf^rown."***) D-'.s oekono-iische System be- ginnt, 7.U dosintegrierenClöloichzeitlff; entpuppt sjch, dess es noch ein«^ zweite ?>^ >^ of c^ojtrar'non in sich br^ie.'^t: die uufcerdrueckte KlPS^'e, ^uf deren Ansbeutnnf' es beruhte. Auch dicso^ <?t>t^ beginnt 4^^
ZerstoerunTswerk. Die ujitcrdrueck te Klasse ructtolt heftiger und hefti,7er sn den Bollwerken der herr?'he,nden Klasse. Alln-ehlich ko'-nt der f'^nze Bau ins Srl-v'^nken, und schliesslich -eht es nicht
irehr weiter.
*) Karl i»:nrx:
^O^l^^-O^ iwvÄf
Critiaue of Politlcal >iconoiny
i^*
) Kprl Iv^^nrx;
»«
♦♦♦) Friedr. Bn^rels; Anti-Duehrlnf (Intern. Publ. New York) p. 302
180
c
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>
Wv-B geschieht, Reiiau, w«an «a nl^ht =. elti^r {T«ht? »Our thoory* u.T»«hrieb ea nit der plttui'«»»ri«€lt>^Inwr bili«XT©lrh«n Auoüruclcs* veiaa« (l^eb' rrJ ^ußciruecfc« toü n» 21.) ^»«i« oekonocdp'iK» üjat««
Die force« of pro'iuc t ion "turst a«unf*ftr tbe bond« Irjpoa^'l on thi«i*5)»
'.*i'.»fl Ij-«««? Osa pr^ki'tsch bedeut«: '.ar aT>rla<r«nde /»ufi^U is»i auf J«dea , F*ll, dftss l^a aekon-iniHch« üjax^tesi positiv rtoßSÄmtÄn^ie let, flieh A^ti n*»'irn I'roduk^ionokrncfttja J-snala ensuraaHon, Tflchta f'.ls eeifli
»ft. Ist enk>..«ir« Auö or<*.«a
•orf»t ftt«r ««In* TOlla ^i."?:»-? t^o?< an^^ »u<*.h ö">ch <ii« Hnvol.ition (!»r urjterdruTOKton Klonae, TorcV ii» tht» »idwif^j of tv/T,ry oXd »ooioty proiPr.a-nt r-Uh a . «w on«.« 7) Oi*^ aat* rtlra«ck fce Klaiipe iot «Minder 7>«ni9lty of it*s own ddatruction «oripelled feo ccrry out thle r«vo« l.itioa»* ^fp3 brlnron »-«id..-* »e«d8 ot da« tnictlon, .fe«« nuf ihr« telae, dir "dir-lolcti« h©- Trftar.forMBtion dor biahprlfön Oränu-oc in ihro AntltÄftfjia h-rvor. i>«ii biaherijrßn 3v«t»^ folrt <Jp^ natie — ••ia« N«3 ,«5.10«, 41« «ow<3hl aon Bed-ierfalaaen dor biö.-.er iinw:rdruBCkton X ri«-9ae, %*ie dflt'! noaon techni^wiaa ^iuotand entaprlct.t« I^nfi -coa-
«M«Ml»li»
*) .: rl. ^
3) •*
II
;■;'■.■;;' ce bo Cri*viquo Ol i-oliticol ivconorty
: Car-ii^l (Korr ijitiui'>nf Voi 1. p« ^^>7
• • «• Vol# I. p. 525
H • • Vol. 1* p« 552
5) y- -^-^r. ::nr^as; Aritl imoürin« ( Intcra. Publ. »wr ItorR) p. 308
Friedr,
p. 305
181
C
G
*•«•«,•»#.
^ coüitantly V'lt.h t.'^e . ch? nf^e In the econcKiio fovmdfition thr» vi'hol© gl- '•«^ntic auporstructuro Ic also noro or lesa rfipidly trancfornci^*) . JDes iat die Ursache und der Vorlcuf (l'?r «nokulaeron Tra.-ic f oniationi n ^3o ontstandon und vor,Tin,'5:en eile b iaher li»en r.enf< «(hilf hon Ordnuncon. Mehr noch, d«n x-spor der Hiator^srrund oller Rroasen historioahon Con- Tulsioncn tieborhüupt. "All coillaionn In hif^tory hovo thelr orlgin, accordinr to/ our vlew, In the con^irdiction bot^-^eeu the produc-
tivc forcoa oad th© fons of intorco^irs©«"**)
Und stand es nicht v/lod''>r einnr-'li/h^vor? \trr f^^.
rh wsr f^iioltlir fuer
nicht auf's
n-->ue •-oroits in Gaar? Dns örhcfTa von 7'
allo «eitca, und infolgedessen irich fuer jeden 3p*»2loll<?n Augenblick ?1un, j^npet^-ans^t nuf d.'is Jniir 1^45, arcrh nich *>U8 ihr -- wl« d«r ^uff^ll apleltl — d35!5 (ier SoÄiollsnue rnr rtor Tuor atpndl ups war
beix-f^it«« der rluoc fei lehnte ^iu'" v
on
ftipr Ihrö beiden
Autorenl wirk-lich, os V'»r nichts no«ti^, nls dio nll^oaeinen^, zeit- losen üozißiUA'Wi^ Ae3 Sohenns durch die ontsprechom'on ze 1 t^eBOoss 1- sehen zu »raetzen, und herauskars df>a, — W'slch« iloberrasohun.'»! — naa die y.vei lu;
Literaten so heiss oe'^ehrteii,/ wieder oimial war die technische TJntwioklun/' '*to vJ Oi^ctreiTk JaajfcV ***)^lfn/ft. — dlcannl djiriTri dC4 üampfnBaohino. Wieder 9l:inel v-^ron die frr eao of T>»e444i't,icia.^dadur'^h horauscewaclisen ueber df>a oekononlaf^h-s 3ysteim — dies-jl uobr^r d^s bourgöJ'tae 37stera.1T?ieder eiiiiial konatD das be- stehende dyatera sich den neuen J.:aachinen nicht fitv/nal anpassen, sondern
y^-^1 Marx: riM.f..<je-4H> /r-iti^ 9f Politiö^ Ül^or.cx'.j^ .
**) Karl UfTX k, Friedr..En/rel3 ; Oerman Xdeologiy (Int,Publ,lIav;Yor.»c) p« *♦*) yri^-dr./:ntyol3; Anti-Dufthrinr (Int.Publ,new ycrk)p. 301
73
c
( i
ii
CUMx
musste von Ihnen ^bupot n
erden»//vvie(ler einiMl nahte
ausMr«*
d€R noch als •"midwife^, Ale Revolution der unterdrueckten Klq^dse)^
dleanal des ProleterlatslT^/lador einmal musste durch die Revolution >)^ ^l^c
dlo ^dialektische Hegjitlon'» der stuerzenden 3\n3tens zun Sie^^e i?^lfmp:en» und dieamal mus te die ••Kegntion^ not*'
de
wurcie
wendlrerw-^lse dne System ohne Blp:entun sein ~ denn detsnal d«s von dem Oredff der erreichten technolocischen Perfectlon •»- flratj t,Aine^^) 80v;ohl ernoe^licht wie orzriinr:en»/| Alles, wns bevorstand^ wor sonit nur eine neue Wiederholunp des ewi/^en ßeschichtlichen Sche- mes^ #*» ^u v;ap in der Tat nur die^Ernte von ^egen, die d aai*£il not- wendlperv^eise reifen musste« Denn nit dem ereten Sy3t€«Pi ohne Eippn- tum musstc zv^. ersten Mel die Klassen-Herröchaft, die Ungleichheit^ die Armut und üa/?ereohtlgkelt vorslnkon.» Alias» v;ns es bisher In der V.'elt fregelcn hatte, nueste eich nach Elnfuehrune des Sozlclls-' »US pIs eine bfirhnrische Vorstufe erweisen» *?;ith tt%e- lojcaUUtiuu for-^
>^ laetion of society the prehistoric era of hur^n society cones to an
end
^41
)
Welche Theoriel i»elch srhwinrt eierregender Oeurisankarj^ ^von V^eT"un3 heinharenViae«44Ä-a brflB hinweg ueber saecitliche Katastrophen aller hielten, bis sur herannahenden Befreiung der ik)nschheit aus ihre» py^ehlotorlsrhen- Zustand ♦
Etwws war r.erfcwuerdlg an diesen Bauj kein Stein und Icein Balkon, aus dem er bestand, war en und fuor «»ich neu» Die biriden Juanen Ll-
♦) Friedrich Enfrelg: ;ntl-Duehrlng (Int. Publ. New York) p, 309 **) Kerl Marxi ^rcKiug la-Crltique of Politlcol Economy
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183 teraten wiaeten sehr wohl, dass die phapaor-enale Neuartlßkeit Ihres Baues nicht Irfrendv/f lch<m neuen KaterAel ontetannte, sondern aus- •chllesallch der neuartif^eti ßenutzunr alten Materlols« Und die jb ue Art der Benutzunf:, des v/useten sie el enfells, war ihre kategori» •ehe Weif^erune, von irgend einem Stein oder Belken ihres Beues nehr als eine einzige denkbare BedeutuniB;, nehr als eine einzige denk- bare Herkunft, mehr als elnwi einigen denkbare^ Effekt in Betracht zu ziehen. Jedes Dln«, des sie in der lanron Kette ihrer Folcerungen
▼erwandten, war funr sie ein radikal nonogenetl^*/ nona^rBti^f/e^
,JU*. lM' ^'
Beaa£iiiu>6^inonol7tlio^ laoncwiorphl*^ menoopegaae^^ DIjw^» Des allein
hatte sie nlt Jodera weiteren Ollefi ihror Folgerunfren zu Resultaten
von Irrnor phfienon nalerer Reuartigkolt f^efuehrt, Mmrm sie »xnrecht
hatten — wenn die Glieder ihrer Folf^rerun/ren nicht nur die eine
Eipenscheft hatten, die sie in Betracht zogen, aonöorn doneben
noch an'^ere Sip-^nsc haften — so v?nr die phfienoaonal neuartige Theorie
nicht einnal ein^ üebertreibunp oder
partielle Wahrheit, sondern
ein totaler Nonsens. Denn obwohl es eine Tatsache ist, dass weisse Huehner in grosser Zahl existieren, lat der Kann, dervnichtsvals weisse Huehner sieht, kein üebertpelber und spricht keine partielle
ux^kc (Ae*A<^
Wahrheit, soniern er ist ein ganzer Verrueckter.
Noch etwas wussten Kfirx wie rngels vollkonnen: dass bis Jetzt noch nichts anderes war als aufeinendergetuenate Hypothesen, Behauptungen, Vermutungen. Vieles davon wnr uoberhaupt nicht von einer)^ Art, die Jenais e^•a4t bewiesen werden kann. Wie, zum Beispiel,
sollte Je
bewiesen werden, ob die Ideen in/ den fCoopfon der
Menschen ein Fiodukt dos ookononi chen Systeiaa sind oder nicht?
r
18^
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Dae konnte imnar nur eine philosophische Hypothese blieben. Aber auch die oekonomischon Res tanö teile von "unarer Theorie" waren bisher nur philoso- phische SpekulntiO'ion. In der Tat, Marx wussto sehr vrohl, doss er jetzt noch mehr oekonomische Beweise zu erbrinren hatte, als vorher» Er hette Jetzt nicht mehr nur zu bev/elsen, dnss dns^ existierende oekonoinis hc System tat- aaechlich in die Ar-onie einr-etreten sei. Er hatte Jetzt auch zu beweisen, daas die Aronie diejeni en Ursachen hat, die das Schema von "unsrer Theo- rie»* dafuer vorsieht« Oenz pewlns, das oekononis-^he Buch, auf dns der Ver- lerer Leske in ünrnntadt wartete, v/ar nicht ueberflues lg p:ev/orden. Es war, in öer'enteil, noch notwendifjer geworden.
Aber so Gnthusioayiert weren Karx und Encels von "unsror Theorie*», dass sie an ihre Frapy/uerdigkeiten und ihren durchaus hypothetischen Cha- rakter mit Jeder Tage mehr verrassen.
In ihren O'^ist wurde die Kette von Vermutunt^^en rasch zu einer Kette Q von ^definitiven Wahr^heiten; die abstractelf philosophische Spekulation zur ' konkreten oekononischen Gewissheit. Sic frev/pehnten sich iriTier Mohr, «unsre Theorie" eine "Wisrenscheft" zu nennen. Die einzelnen Hypothesen darin wur- den fuer sie Lnr.er nehr zu "Gesetzen* — •• 1 iria nenten Gesetzen", "universa- len Gesetzen", "absoluten Gesetzen", "iinfehlbnren Gesetzen", "Zv angs -be- setz en"^\"na tu tpl lav/s, which work with iron necessity towards inevdtable reaults",*) Sie v/errlen behaupten, den Nachweis freliefert zu haben, dess "die Gen' hichte in ('er Art eines na turwissensc haftlichen Prozesses ver- laeuft, und im wesentlichen auch denselben Bowepungs-Geyetzen unterworflen Ist,"**) Sie v;er<len behaupten, auff^cfunc'en und erhaertet
C
*) Kprl Mprx: Vorrt^T't zu "Kapitrl", Band I, (Kerr fr, Co.) p. 13
*♦) Friedr, Enrelsi Letter to J. Bloch of 21 Sept. 1H90. Select. Cppresp. p, U76
I I
'■M:rt
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185
zu heben ••tho economic law of üotion of no<*.ern eociety« ♦) Hehr noch, nho lawa tit t^Jtlon of thc |volutlon of hutapnity^ **). pald
„ lHAACi^tM^Cc4*C^
werden sie sich fuer diese Theorie den Auedruck
J^t^jie-
llsEjJ" ***) aneignen, den Proudhon gepreegt hatte» Bald v/orden sie erklnerent nKlth these dlscov-rlea soclpllam becet» a sclonoe'* •*♦**)
Sie minntf^n dloco Doctrin nicht die oekonomlotiBche, sondern die "mpterifil ist lache" — was un/rennu wor, denn von all den ncteria- listis'hen Dingen, die ausser dfir Oekonaaie noch l.'i der ^elt oxistie/- rcn, den Sternen und dem Blutkreisleuf , den Pf^lnen und don akusti- sehen V,ellon, ksm in "eur »heory" nichts vor. Gleichviel, die Fcrmu- liorung dieser Doktrin wor fuor i^arx unßefßohr dtiS, wt)S öle Tropfen des Kroenun^noels funr einen Prinzen sind« In scinon AURon hatte er nun dr»8 Anrecht auf elnGn|rhron ira R iche der wlsaenscheft, und auf den Thron In Reiche der sozieliet Ischen Politik. Seine eanso Stellung ia der »elt war vcraen'".ert'rwas sollt** er. In Besitze rior Doktrin,
I
nun boßlnnen? »/es in der Wissenschaft? Wes in 'er Politik?
2s traf sich, dnss üngels noch cinnal nach Sn^lond hlnuebor- fahren nxwste« Br hntte aus Kenchester noch oinice seiner Sachen a^^uholen, — unf" nicht die p:erinrste davon wer ^nry Burns, Lange ftenug hatte ^r Jetzt ohne sein rofhacfrlccs Iriscnes länedchen ßetebt, Sr wer ents ii lossen, sie mit sich nach Bruesnel zu nehr.en. Aber
•) Karl Harri ProfQCO to »Capitßl* fotj- Q ^^^ ^fCt »c ^^. (^c^o) p ) Frindr. Brnrels; Anti Duehrlnc (Intern.P||bl. Hew Yoi k) ?• 33 m • mm • "»»p« 310
Ji
*«
)
^H1^%
\
P. 33
r
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(
1S6 hrend er Dolne Rolse plante, fiel Ih» cin^ daas es huiibsch waerti, »le zunanrien mit Morac zn machen» Sie wiarden eine achoene i
zu-
Samen haben» Es «w<^rde wichtig sein fuer Marx, das Lan? 5if)( kennen zu lernen. In den die Prodiiktlö^aalcraefte schon die schwin elerre- gendBte Stufe erreicht hatten* Und waehAÄ ein paer v;ochon neuer Ein- druecke vvuorden sie bosser ueberle^tja koennon, vms J<*>t2t zu tun»
Korx aehn die Einladung mn^ und sochs v^ochen lene fuehrto £|^- (SßlB ihn Ir? Reiche der JunppnWictoriö und ihres Prlno Ministeim Peel heran rj^eltsa.e Insell Kr wurde bek:«xint gen^acht mit einigen Fuehrern deo radlkrl^^n Splitters in der Chart Ist lochen Arbeiter- Be^ro^un^» vVenn man Leute wie Julian Hr>rnoy und 2rno5^t Jones roden hoerto, so musnte V)pTi f^lnuben, daes diene Briten weniror auf einer Insel *^l8 auf der. Konde wohntealfln der Derstellunr dieser Herren war des v;lrhtl{^ete lin Leben der Snflaencler, elnarhliesslich der Arb<?iter, noch Irsner unbesleRb?f*r die Hellfrlon» Und Im Blute der
britischen Arbeiter, tnirde ihn roolt-^nlert
iii;ri1gtiip' hy Gesagt,
a
steokt ein unueberwlnul Icher Respekt fuor '^esoti: und Ordnung» Hehr als Je klarmern sie sich an die Plof f nuui? ^ ihre Lage Vürbos: ern zu koennen durch Krrinfnuu-^ des Wahlrechts, und ausserder. durch iusainLien- •chluss in Gewerkscheftea» Es echlen, dass sit.^ s ich 30£;ar :c.rnstlich erhitzten fuer Frepen wie etwa die, ob die Korn-Zioolle erhalten oicr abr:eschnfft Verden sollten, — diesen puren P^iillienstrolt ZY/ischon den Grundbesitzern und Fabrikanten» \:erm I^iar« nicht glaubon \^llte^ d 39 die Arbeiter so seien und v^önn er die ^heorle von den Produk- tlAa«.krHeften und den Produkt ion^beziehunren und dem InevÄtablen brr^tlnr Jit^laritvirNr^ntrMri'frTt^i so schuottelten seine Infon^^toren die Kocpfe» Vielleicht vorstanden sie esi^lbet nicht — jedenfalls
c
()
X87 sagten sl©, dies sei kein Land^ in dem mit Theorioen etmia anzufan- gen sei* Sie sapiten, dies sei ein praktisches Land./JEs war beunruhi- pend fixer üarx* Es passte nicht zu ^-eur theory^^ derzufolpe in die- sem oekonomisch entwickeltsten Land die Instincte aia revolutionaer- sten sein mussten* Sollte er ^oui' fahuüi^*' glauben, oder dem, v/as diese Knpilaender ihm als die Wirl^lichkeit ihres Landes praesentlerten? Sr entschloss/ sich, zu glauben, cioss diese Kn^laender die Wirklich-
keit Ihres Landes falsch
verstuenden*
Au8.«^er rien Khfrlaendern Rah es in England auch Deutsche, Es ßab den Londoner Üweip: des »»Bunds der Gerechten»»* Auch dort machte K/^rx, selbstverstaendlich. Besuch, und v/iiiTfin rinn |/it^/l,^,f;fjnrn vorn»
Der Londoner Zweig hatte etwas mehr i^itglieder als der Pa- riser — nicht nur »»anderthalb»» Handwerksburschen, sonq(crn siebzig bis echtzig* Auch schien der Goist in (iem Londoner kiweig eine dpur radikaler als in dem Pariser zu sein. || Doch errer.te die Ariv;esenheit des Gastes Dr# Marx kein besonderes Interesse. Er wurde in den Schat- ten bestellt von einem viel bQtuehmteren Gast» Das war Wilhelm Weit- lirift — der ehemalige Schn^idergeselle Weitling, an dem Karx vor einem Johr in uebernuellendem Enthusiasmus »»die riesenhaften Kinder- schuhe rtes Proletariats»» entdeckt hatte. tUüUuiB; Wui tu von p» 13f4^ ]|Hier war er nun in Person, dieser providentielle Proletarier Weitling, das »»nasslose und brillante Debuet der deutschen Arbiter»». Nach seiner Äntlassun^^ aus dem Schweizer Gefaengnis war er in London erschienen^
und manche Ehre wurde ihm oolbot
rch- von den Londoner Arboi-
ter-Orppnlsationen erwiesen* Soc^ar die Enp^encior gaben ein Bankett fuer den beruehmten deutschen Bruder • Noch mehr wurde er gefeiert im
'Bund der Gerechten»» • Mit i\m \'^'ollte Jeder sprechen/.
An sei-
c
o
188
nem I^'unde hingen ölle« Bs blieb nicht viel AufTnerksainkeit uebrig
fuer den Erfinder der oekononistischen Geschichts-Philoaophiep von
der ausserdem noch niemand ausser ihren Autoren etwas Vviisste. (bffen
p;esart, war die Zuruecksetzun^ krankend* lenn hinter dienem Weitling
wenipißtens etw?^s steckte* Aber vrenn man ihm zuhoerto, so/ kam ranch
heraus, dass er — franz ehrlich und vertraulich gesprochen — nur
leere Üentiiientalitaeten von sich gab* üehr gefeehrlich, im Grunde,
machten dass die Phrasen eines solchen Typs solchen EindruclcVauf die Proletarier!
Umso klarer, meinte Kngels, konnten sie nach dieser kleinen
Krfahrunp: die Kf^rschroute fur.r sich selbst erkennen*/(Auf der Rueck*
reise von London nach Bruessel hatten die beiden Literaten endguel-
tifr zu beschliessen, was nun zu tun s<^i* Engels v/iederholte, ras
ihiTi von Anfanr an na tue rl ich erschienen war* Selbstverstaondlich
musrte reur theoryf*, die sie nur muendlich miteinander eroertert
hatten, letzt nier' rgeschrieben und f^edruckt V7?rd^n# Beginnen musston
8ie mit einem Buch, das die i?:anze oekonomij^jifKs tische Geschichts-
Philosophie zusainmenhaenf^end und ausfuehrlich darstellte und jeden
Einv/and, so w-^^iti/moep^lich, im Voraus entkraeftete* Wer eine neue
Wahrheit erkannt hat, mus3 sie zuerst einnial der Welt mitteilen — •
wie anders koennte die Welt sich ihr unterwerfen//! Das schien Engels
unbestreitbar.
ionhon
la^; auch ulehta daiHU, dl
en der Theorie im
k noch die
T _ . .
fehlten* Diese Beweise^Jcenliten spart er kQi'uni^a» auorot o groooo generelle Rild 0nts>"hl<=4^yn|
Beweise as /
Aber Marx zeip:te eine stoerr Ische Abneigung dapecen, die oeko-
nomistisohe Geschichts-Philosophle zusammenha engend, ausfuehrlich
c
i,
(\
praezlse untf aonlirollliAbol niedeirxulc^en — und er v^^lrd dieae Ab» 1 ßunr nie t^nz verlieren* Sa wlr<l rum! drelzelin Jnhro dauern^ bis er die Theorie wenlpjstens In der ex^cesslven Vorkuorzunr auf zwei Selben zusamnenheenrend vortrapren wird — In dor Vorredo zu olnoci Buch*^) \n Qooh groooeor^
p nln gtw
^Ir^l er öio w 3;tare aei
iHÜen
»y iJi ^'^n Voi'g
Aber d^.s wird alles bleiben* Irmiier vyleder wird er sich auf diese Theorie terirfeh*||linr.er wieder wird er ander* ta* dein, verdaßmen^schMBehen, verfoL^en -^^r.^n angeblicher Vvirfltoesso f-epon sio. Auf hungerten und t«\isenclen von Seiton iii coinen Bucchcrn, AufSHet'^en, Briefen werden vorstrout und zersplittert eliWzöln© , Pfrtiksl, Äle zu der Theorlo r;ehoeren, erscheinen. Aber nloraels wird M«rx flieh bereit finden zu elmr koüpletten, oindeutlcen, authenMs hen Dnratellunp der Entf^eclcune» öie fuer ihn von nun ab "tl.H le^HÜii^ threat »f all T»y ^tadiof****f ) wrr. VJer fronau viasen
wird wollen, vwa d5e ookononistis^he Oes ohichte-Philosophie eigont- llch behauptet, wird l'-aaer /renoetirt sein, aus allen noecllchen Ecken seiner Schriften elnzolno Stoinchen heranzuschlepT^en und sie nach Art eines rtnnsiwl-ßpiels zu eiier. Genzen zusararaenzusotzon« Und imer wird Jedojs bequem vorz-uworfen 3;>in, d&sa er falsche 3tein- chen zusai'nen.f'CGet.r.t hale. Es Kird kein Emie sein der Vieldeutig- kelten und Strei^lp-kviten und Ausflueohte« Niewftle vorher ocicr m ch- her hnt der Autor einer e«hton oder irieeiri^'O-oR, kollossalen oder xaikros>[opiachon1|i8aena haftr 80 bev.-undernd 'von seiner Leistung ge- redet und dennoch so beharrlich vermieden, sie klipp und klor, ein fuer allerael, verpflichtend um; bi^hdend vor der V.elt zu prresen- 'KfLTlMfiXXS Btftiffjee ttr "ftrltlAO«' 9f Politl^ÄLfi^onarGy«
fvU^it-tdl. — f 60*-t.o>^>
^ ^VO^ h tKM< •'
r
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190
C'
ü
tieren#
We» aber anfangen mit »»aur theory»», v^onn sie nicht priesen«* tlert wfTden aollto? Jimrx entn hied^ sio negetiv, polctfaischi^ zu ver-
.w -
t?am3en# M^n konnte von ^ler Bafels dieser rhilo<?ophle znr Attacke schreiten ßefjou endt^re Phllosophieen« Man konnte nlle Philosopheni^ die als den allnaochtif;en Motor dor Monscthelt nocli linrer die Ideon^
nicht die Ookonomle bAtrnchtc>r^fjf^.ls fölsche Priilooophon entlorven* Schreiben \vlr zuoa-^u^en ein Buch |ii' opdmijvtn^ Herx/^äs an öf^ej.tlichen lebenden deutschen Philoeophen dieselbe Binrichtuw^ in luas e voll- zieht, wle^dle ^neiligo Familie^ einzeln an der, einen Bruno Bauer vollzoPTjln hnt<>a^ Legen v/ird dao nandv;erk fuor irimer, segte er^ den ide4Hi>giGchon ^»iwul(l«ti^ philosophcjBr', Clqxi ^ftorr, r .p literati»»^) — tml seine Stime sprti-^^hte ^aindschoftt xronn rr dpa r/ort '•literatl'»
aussprach^ ^hwohl or aalt)QF einer ^tfag^nBoa Tlnternete^ea Ciusste Arbeit machen« Auch \9^TiVi Jeden der vorurteilten literati >^uoK nur ein eia^ ziges Kapitel {;^e%'ld: et vnirde, wuerden zw^ 1 starke Bnonde nvOtv/endi(^ werden« Aber sie wnren zu Äv/elt, und so konnten sie in oini^ten Mo-- naten fertli? zu werdori hofen« ^Y?lr baschlosaen, C^^n Gegensatz un- serer Ansicht ^.^mn die Ideolof^ische Ansicht dor deutnchen Fhilo- Sophie f^emeiaaem auszuerbeitön»"'^'^)
In Wahrheit wird die £iiii<tllSal eines Buches, an dora zv^ei Auto- ren arbeiten^ nicht holbi*jtt« :&uwellen v/ird sie verdoppelt» Was der eine fuor gut und fertig; hnelt, wird ^ta^^ analeren kritisiert, korri-
giert^
Di« endguelti(?:e Fassung gebiert sich unsteend*-^
i
^) K^irl llarx Ond Frledr^Enfrels: Mehrfach in CcK^inunint Mßnifesto.Section
^•^/v^U tun. Illt/C#
*^) Knrl I4r^rx: PrerdUtf lo ^Criti;ue of Political Econony«
c
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191
lieh« In den fnlli dieser boldea Autoren wurde der tocimlöcho Prozeas noch erschwert durch Uarx* vorz\yoifelt unloaerlicho Handschrift^ 4i<a aur
ein Knf^el vom Hlnrol lietf dor K >enlf;llch Prounöische Artlllorie-^ Leutannt Joseph Weydemeyer deü beiden Autoren In dio Arne» ^|benau goongt|> war Herr Wöjrdeineyer In dleseti Mgenblick kein Leutnant mehr« Kurz ehe or n^ch fuenfzehn Jr^hren Hac^erel eis ^(ödett und üubeltern«^ Offizier zun Hauptmann heette oufruecJcen sollen, wer in selnoci Hör- zen 'ier Sozialisnus ßuff:c stieren* ilr hatte fuer die Trier^sche iiai-* tunr sozinlls* lache Artikel zu öchreihen befroimen« Dbj/ »^-«ich d^^s nicht ©it seinem Di nst«Kid vertruß, hotte or s^ inen Abachled genommen und den B«ruf oLies ^^eoraoters ercrlffen* Als er bei einer Reise nnch Bruesoel oelnen nlten Bekennten Kabels traf, erbot er ;?ich, fuer dio bolden sozlnlistis hen/ Autoren die Dirnato eines Abachrei- bers zu verrichten« Ohne den Idoali.^^ten " eyneneyer, der von norgens bis abendr. kodier te^ v;aere die Bntlervurv^ dos Idenlisnus schlechter
voranfref!^ npen •
I^e4^
Aber die phlloaophißche Verwenfiimr: von "tiUM llmruaf konnte nicht alles nein, vjofi 1/ rx jetxt zu untornehnaa hntte. Ihn laß ob,
auch hineinzutraRen in dlo Politik; sie durchzusetzen
als n±a politisches Credo; sie durchzusetzen als dio jeuige -ihilo-> »ophio, fucr w Iche des Proletarlet die VHaffe rein vmerde.
Sr gruendetelJ eine Partei, und nrinnte sie •»Kormun ist lache
Pr.rtei".
Den ilaaen •♦koninunis tisch*» wnehltc or nus rein praktla- hen
Oriioin-üen, Sine Partei, dio sich sozialiatisch nannte, existierte achon, S3 v'f-.T dlelonlee Louis Blenc's In ?rankreicn, und die fir:;en
e.
ü
192
sollton nicht v^rv?«chaelt werden tcoonnen« Als Bereifte waren Konnu- nisTnus un<l öoziallsnus haftrip;onQU daosolbe fiior K^rx« T:r wird nlo In nelnera Leben den Rorlnpaten TTnt^jrochied Äwlaohon ihnen riachoa^ und tatsaechllch fent irnrner d^^s Wort 302iallstl?^ch fiu^r nlch und seine Ideon# verwonden. |Auch prb es keine/ dbooct Oraondunps-Forna- lltaeten^ und koln definiertes politisches Vro^n^m. /ines Tag^^e berannen I4nrx and En/^jela sich einfach Konipiunia tische P^^rtei zu nen- nen^ und olnlpte ihrer soziallstlrjch gaeonnenen Bekannten su frr^^iön, «ir «ie Glich dazu o'<.hoerön iiOllt^?n« Unci de l^'i Bereich der deut; chen Sprache noch keinu sozlalistischo Partei exietinrte — trtsnechlich noch keine Partei irp:<^ndv;elchor Art ^^ sagten die »eisten frerne Ja* In^:.erhin, dies i«r die ernte kc^nmunistlrche Pertei in cor T.elt# 3ie breohte es ettf siebzehn mtclledor« Dns Mitglied mit dem
«
klanffvollaten Hainen wnr der ^ out nf:.h^ Lyriker ^erdln^^nd Treilic- rathg der In Bruesael lebte* Kr f^noBQ viel V rehrung^ nai^ientlich weron seiner deir^okrr^tlsch-rovolutlonoeron f^ec! lohte, — abi^r nach-
den er elnr;el seinen Nenen^herr^'^nGben hntto, kuexamurte er ?lch^ wie drs bei >ooelineff.1i?:ttin| Leutoh vorkoüi^jznt, nicht v^elter ur> die
Seche» Weitere Mitglieder der Partei weren ;^'0S4M Hess^ Sdt^ar von Westphelen^ ler L<?utnent Weycenoyer; sc- hl ie^ 3 lieh eine Reihe klei- ner und kleinater literati nnnens Krlegre, Veerth, Dronke, äeiler. Kellbergt ^rnst Wolff^ Gipot und -Ferdinand ViOlff^nDas alleö^ ohne Ausnahne w^ren vreder Arbeiter von Beruf, noch öproosr>llnf:e der er- beitemien Kli>isse« Gab es Prnr keine Proloterierj? In der Pertei des ProletarintSt — der Pertei, deren ^notioa v;cs fron the very begin- nlnr: thrt tho er:nncipetion of tho v/orkinp clnss nast be the act
y
o
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of thc worklni^ cLnes ItaeXf-)? üpch einlror Zeit verzog dieser »eltllrwr von Lonflon nach Bruosaol. Ar wuena^hte Mltglioö zu werden. Out, 8o ..ar schon olner fla, .l«r v,-»nlR55tons prolut/:ri;v her Herkunft war, v;enngl^Uch von Beruf leen^st eb^nfaXlB ein 3ohreiber. Sohlte ss- lieh k«^-on euch noch ?Ami nniiezu echte Arbeiter — zwei aotzer der deutnchen 2eltunr In Bruessel.
Und des wer die erste Kor/inunlntipche Partei der Welt, Dl© erste ro-m'.mlstlsche Partei der velt wsr doutach. Die «rate Komunistlscho Partei der Welt hej^tond In df^r Patio voa 15 unter 1? eua Literatea, Vni die erste ronmunlatieohe Fertel der „elt heatend In der Katlo von H untnr 17 euß Bourgeois«
»es tflt dlo Komciunl^tl che Pertel? slo ernannt© ein "^^artmunl- stisrhes Aorrearondenz^jf(o:imlttee", na w^r das /(orresTpondenz-^CKr;« nltte«? Es Tf<>T die Firaß, untor welcher iteri und Basels va'i nun an
hlote verfessten^und gedruckt oaer litoh^mphiert en aus.'-ewaehltr Adressen v^-r8«ndten. Die >: pf^onror v/orea Blt.ettor,
Rundso' reiben und
Vereine und ilrkol^von donen soalelistisrhe neimnp;en bekennt wcren. jAuch dv»r-Bund der Öorechten« in London unterhielt oin nolches «»i^r- reapondenz /(ormlttee". Aber or vorseadt« seine Schriften nur on die Üirlcol im Bereich der deutschen Spreche, ilnrx» Plön ginr - iter. Sein« Hundeohreiben und Panphlato wurden In mehrere Sprachen ueher- setzt. tTeberall 'nua^ten sie gelesen, vor^olosen, nachc^druckt wer- den koohnen. Jelne Ideen ueber den Sozinlisnua xua.nen intcrnotlo- n«l9 Ideen werden. Die Bov/osunß, deren Chof or au v»-::rdeü f?odachte, *) -yrlfidr. En^elt^i Un^nn, t-. t\^''i<^^o y ,. ^-^ ^ .^^r^^ ^ ^;^'^ "ff^ .^^ „^^^
nunis^ l'finifostj^".
«HHM
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«29S
te da» Proletariat cI^f f!nnaa»4> elt In eina einzige, '^laheltlichiJ Inapirierte^ von einer r.inzip^en Centrale <Ilri|?l orten, InrnynntlQi »6hl4N3» Truppe zuaa: me n f 4^ o n u a 1^ Dps wer die vreitreichende VorotelluiuJ?^ ■it vier Kf»rl Marx In dio (Ronourrenz des sozlf^llgtif? hen r nrktos
eintrat • Sf! war die Idee der Internrtlonfile#
/.Is ainire dieser Runde 'hreiben ausf:r?eandt w^ren, xel^te sich^
mehr dnss sie w-nlg beachtet wurden* Karr fu^hlt^ daso sloaadtt! Vortrau#a
»rv;eck:en und f^ro6sser>:n SiJ^flusa rewinnen koennten, wenn yor\ Zeit
zu ^eit ßuch Autoren darin erscheinen wunrden^ die den 8Hqpfnien£^rn «chon ^eaaer vertraut »»ren.
Er schrieb 9 inen Brief en Proudhon, in d*r er ihn um h^euflco •elttaege bat, ~ und es wwr ein recht f?eschiclcter Brief • Er beschrieb
als d^s Pro£:rarin des '')fl[orre6ponc;enzHSi^^^l^i^ eino oU^ond/ii^Op ehr- liche Ausspruche und Diskuar:lon zwischen allen sozi^li:^ tischen Rieh-* tunpen zu ermuntern« 8« war i^ranz, >.'nß der Hntur Froudhons ^efnllen nuaste» üeberdies v/ar noch ein Freundachaf tsdicnöt hinzui^of uest: eine vertrnuliche w^rnunc vor dea Uann Kerl Gruen^ den Proudhon
Jetzt ^n ^Stelle von Li«rx, eis Uebersetzer und Brkl.^*ercr doutscher Texte venmndto# Der tvaxm Knrl Gruen, cchrleb Marx sei ein schlech- ter Charakter^ den Proudhon besser hin.^umverfe*
Den Freundschaftsdienst in ö^chen des Karl O-ruen schob Proud- hon mit sichtlichen Unwillen beiseite« Ihr: ponueeOf schrieb er^ ••la deference qu^on/paur ce Fonsieur les ouvriers Allcc^ends qul re- sident a Paris'^/./Aiidera wfir seine Reaction auf die Kechricht von
der Oruendunr eines Organs fuer ehrliche so7.icilisti.^:che Diskussion«
^ ^ . *^3^5^®. j^ ^ w w ^ Uaturnehiien werden,
DaSf antwortete er^ fp% ein0 ^aehr nuet.^liches^
(\
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195
und obwohl er vtpnlp üeit habe, worde or nlch ßelerentlich ferne betoill- /" gen. Aber wr es wirklich v/ahr, dass Marx* Absichten rmi ninm so "antl-
dogmatlcthea'fle-^ttif waren? Aus der iieit, In der er tiarx kennen pelernt hatte, mus'^te Proudhoil ein Bilc: von ihm haben, das ll^in zv;cifeln Hess, — pder vielleicht waren ihm einlp;e dor Rundschreiben, die t'arx schon versandt hatte, vor Auf!;en gekomnen. Denn er fuhr fort: "Ich erlaube mir, einlf^e Vor- behalte zu machen",
<
Seine Vorbehalte wnren eine ^^arnun,^ und Besnhv/oerunf^ an die Aclrosse von ••mon eher philosophe** • ••Um Gottes willen, versurhen wir frftifl<'ff^'»"i-gi nachdon wir alle andren ^opraatignen zerntoert haben, nun unsrerseits Dor;- men in die t'enn-hon zu pur.pen* Vorfallen wir nicht in den Widerspruch Ihres Landsmanns Martin Luther, der, sofort nachc^em er die katholische Theologie gestuerzt hatte, sich an die Arbeit berab, unter grosser. Verbrauch von Kyd^onrunikationen und Bannfluechen eine p^^otestantis he Theoloßio zu schaf- v_y fen. Von panzern Horzen berruesse ich Ihren Gedanken, in diesen Tn/^en alle
Meinuf^en zu Wort komnen zu lassen. Fuohren wir eine f^uto und loyale/ Debatte; ^eben wir dpr Welt ein Beispiel weiser und \:eitsc hauender Toleranz« Aber machen wir uns nicht, \j11 wir an dor Spize der BeweRun- stehen, zu Chefs einer neuen Intoleranz • Oebaeruen wir uns nic^h^ als XjraxMl: Apostel einer neuen Helirion* Accepleren und errnutip;en wii^ jede Kritik; verdammen v/ii* alle Auflstos-unren und Mystizismen./ Betrechten wir eine Frage nieraals als erschoepft, uml wenn wir unser letztes Arrunent verbraucht haben, dann f andren wir, wenn es noetig ist^mit ßeredsarikeit und mit Sei st-Ironie wieder von vorne an« Unter diesen Be<^^;in{!ungen werde ich mit Ver^^nue^en bei Ihrem Unternehmen mitmachen« Andernfalls, Neinl'^)
Un4^ den dilettantisr-hen Unsinn, den I.arx in Enf;land ueber die anpeb- liehe ^entaliteet der britis hen Arbeiter hatte anhoeren muessen, fueRto dieser Bessen^;isner Proudhon aehnlichen Unninn uober die A-^entalitaet der
*) P«-J« Proudhon: Lettres p« 72-73
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franzoesls'^hen hinzu» *•! h muss Ihnen nebenbei soren, dass mir das ij^uch
die Disposition der Arbeiter-Klaase in Frankreich zu seins^heint» Unsre
Durst Proletarier haben einen so grossen liaiJixA nach Wissen^ deso derjcnle;e sehr
schlecht von ihnen enpf^nren werden vnierfle, der ihnen kein andres Oetraenk als Blut ali^nboete**)
• •
V
Unertraep;lichl Es kam kein Brief nehr von »♦non eher philosophe*' an diesen unertmeglichen Besserwisser«
>
G
*) P.-J. rroudhon: Lettres p, 73-7^.
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o
Es \ir.r kolne ^elt zu verliorenJln dlcßon .r.'ihron J»8^6 und lf^^7 ot'oß rtlo oloktriarhe 3pnnnunr in Erirope nit jccloi: . onot, Dork stora-clouda v/'-re pothorlnr, tho nlr xvps sultry, v;io Brbualn or. s hoa vor vier Jnhr n enpfun' on lintte. In allen Hruptstreclton don >j(bntlncnta hoorton eile I'onnrchen dio Schritte der ..ofcellim mren ihr politi- sche' lionopol nnehorlco' • n. TTnd nm deutliche tön hocrto die Jchrlt-
to do" nuerrc:'-Koonic; In Pnrio, den; en politlsdios ' onopol ochon durch. lof>rhrrt v;f^r.|Dio roVioinen Oecells.-hr f ten In Frchkroich WcPon ki
un
noch roholn. '.enn dfs i"'Osetn ih.-it>ft. politln-he Vorso; .• ilun^on verbot,' so entdeckten sie jotzt, dnea op nicht "bankotte»» vorbot« "ino V.'o- C© von "^onkotten" bo,-n nn nlch uotor öns -and uu ercloason, und dlo Tlr-ch-!codon hivt T"ji: tij^'-dlo c! ^rt ""ehr Itev. \.^ti-f i.^ hctten keinen undeutlic on Tnhp.lt. nclbnt in '>r Komcr zu pprln, obvohl oie nur QUO ''cn 7otun der ?^0,000 VGmoo'-end3t,ofti/::lnv.'Ohner liorvor^a'-nnf'oi TTpr, nrr die derokro* Inche Onpooltlon o hon fcr-t eVonco ctrrk v;le dio conrorvfitlve Ror'iGrtin'''s-]''rrtel, und cio v;rr loorricnd. orrrecsiv
"itllch n snctaendlcor gIo vo.:
i tufocr keinen
Voten regiert \ r :oti toenno, ntcncl hoptröofor "lorncl In don Ta":ult iv#
'fYou ' ny rise the pilc of c^-^ttÄiny os lilrh ^^s
^ur
seinen ^ocncr
11^, 0 hloudorto
3 Gesicht, '^VQus a^arrlvoroa Jciiaig q 11-- lir
de j^otTdedolnl'» Aber seine V^on-ol.tuiv Igo/Jit/j ^io Flut ^StM^ ^«:C^
unolroo.hnuohftny un''i pj: i>us. t
Jeder v;us to es«
Ls v;rr i<^elne *eit nohr zu '^'erlle'^ n^^Mer sa^non in . ruossol^ auf olnen i^c^cnf!loi8 der rroßren :elt^ di* zwei Junten Lilcrnton Mnrx und Snrels. Ihre tiedßnken vTiren hj'pnotißlert von einen oinsl'^en
(
o
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c
Zlol: xmnn die Revolution kern, so musr.te sie die Revolution vor
vrerden« Un keiaon Preis du fte es boi dor de; okretl-
>\
Bchen Rovolution sein Bev7en(!en hnben# Der Ai^t der Ge^Tslt durfte nicht dabei stehen bleiben, das Wahlrecht zu verallconolnern und dio Monorchen durch Parlanonte zu ersetzenT) un dann jcclo v;eitere Ileuerunr den lef^alen 3piol des neuen donokmtlnchon üechnnlsrius zu uoberlansen* Der Aj^t der Gevmlt mueste s ich oratrocken auf die zvTanmvoise Octroyierunß des sozialÄfc^ischen Systeno* Nicht die hall sondern die ranze Revolution* nicht die nicdrire^ son^lcrn die hohe Revolution« Nicht die Revolution Nö 1, sondern No 2.
Es ^7ar hohe ^ieit, dess fuer diesen Verlauf der nahenden it€^ volution fresornt wurde» Und es v/or an ihnen, da fuer zu sorron« Es_
pn ihn n, das Proletariat letzt eilendst mit den Oeicto seiner hlotorirchen Kies Ion zu erfuellen, und die Fuohrunc dieser (jflaeso an r;ich zu brinren# Sie hatten weder dio ^it, noch In nindesten
die A^cichtt nach den Rcr.ert dieses leechcrlichen Proudhon ^outoo
ine boiüie ut
■fcole
zu ce^en, Sic vnior'.en nicht so kindisch sein, ife? :«A kuonftlgen Soldnten der Revolution 4"^
ivanto**
ü(ii.'ioh.rti L
zu verwirren« Marx* Ziel an sozio 1 ist Ischen
\
tarkt nusnte sein, die Aiissohlionslichkolt seiner I'e'niLnr und polaog Fuehrun" durchzusetzen • Eindringen mit seiner -^ehre in Jeden Winkel, in den es Arbeiter mit sozlßliotln hon .NeißiuvTon nsb.
nio'oroe
dev Ihnen w
eogtallfi
aentlefte^ Ein unlforr-ies **e*usRtsoln orzeurren« llecht pe'innen, zuerst ueber die Proletarier, die schön Soziollcten waren.
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dann uobor dlo, die an noch nicht woren# Und dos alles rosch« Dl© Revolution ruockte noeher. Keine ^oit v/nr zu verlieren»
V.oehrend die 2v;ei i3aendo dor "Deutschon Idoolocio" der Vol- lendxLir ontro^enciingen, tauchto ein h chv/lchtipres Projekt vor den Dios^uren euf •jl utnant v.'eydeneyer hatte die Foeden cospoJf^nen» Er hatte ZV/ei reiche Knuflouto in seiner Kolmt Westfalen, Enthusiasten des Sozialisnus und selber Ana teur-üchrlf tote Her, zur Finanzierung eines sozialistischen Verlans uoborreüot. Es sollte ein llous ersten Rences ancb» wor<^en, und K,nrl Merx sollte die goistice Leitung: haben, Drs v.-ollte etv/ns bedeutonl \/e.in de; v;Blir tmrde, lief es auf ein fok- tisches Monopol lii Dereiclie der sozitilis tischen Litoratui' hinaus.
t
Marx konnte entscheicien, v/ns ijedruclct und nicht cedi'uclit vor ;en \rs&rC\9^ Und «Och ein direkter Vortoil v/or nit dem Projekt verbunden. Es war in Aussicht renornen, dass der Verlaß als seinu erste Publi- ke tion die "Deutc-.che Ideoloprie" hcraiisbrin/^on wuere. Als dfiW voll- st i^e llnnuskript ondl eh fortig v;r,r, peckte der Leutnant UoydencyGr ' es in seinen Koffer, nchn AbS'^hleä von den bei en Philosophen, und
fuhr nf^ch Hause.
Enttaeuschen erveise vnirdcn seine Hn ehr iohtcn bald ptpsinlc tisch Drs llcnuskript flnr prospektiven ersten P*ublitcation \Nfur>.e Ilerr^ Beyer und i^enpele ueberreic ht, — und von diesen Tace ab var von ihrem fruoheren Snthusiasuus nichts Ciehr zu spucren. Die beiden
[.i-^ ^hftfj iraufleutc und Aiiateur-Schriftsteller redeten von
Verlusten, die sie rehebt haettcn; von flanziellcr BeQn(:thcit.
thw^
Gchtiren
O
▼erlaR^ verfloß. Und nicht nur das, die "Deutrchß Ideolocie" v/urd©
r
(
J
' t
n
200
euch von ollen erif^oron "orleforn, f'.öi.cn oio roydonoyor antot, obre-
lGhnt.|Dor Leu tri' nt v^p sehr uncluecklioh. Hatte er Fehler co- nocht? Ur goinc a hlochton Hnohrlchten v; nicotoiis otv.'f<3 su vorboc-
sorn, v^rnnn tnlteta er eine nae oci-nlunr fixer Mnrx, — rter drin(*onä »-eld hroucht.. Er orhellto die Stt r.imr in Bruosv'^el nach c^onit nlht«
.tnt-'hi Die boi .Qti ?hilosop]ion sprr—
aap.*) Dio sozliT-j^,
•^
^
Artüccl, die ov floiosic v/oitorochriob, nrnnten sio "Loyderoycrn , %^
sucaror Kohl"**)*
£?5 blieb de cl, dnsn die "Üeutocho If eolocie" nic'it codruclct
wurf'lo
it. haben, Hß v.'nr cnttou-choid n->oh -un rlnünsnO^^cjinirund« i
ic Autoritnot eines Autcrs flioaot
itoa Toil aus der oehl
or brende, die or renchiJL^^-'tSnhat/ — und- noch Ir
is letr'.t nur
einaico ""eilirc Fr^JOIö** vorsuv:ol3on
kiLnm ;!.t.iJlU.-!L.Bu6heg x:q'ö aucT.axJL(iii il^üU'liUü;..
Abnolf^unr cor V er lerer v/f-r nicht :!U uobcnvinden. Der Typ-oj von po^ leiiik-, der Uli* in Pnrls den Hnrrn •»'..QdonbeiGsor'' vern^therft h.^t^e, wpr hier noch intensiviert. Und non './ird orleten, dose -H i- ihid Sn^olo 3 Ibcr des Iiijeresso an diesa. .erk verloren, sie \;Gr(;cn sich v/Rohrenc! ihres rnnzen kuenftl-en Lobcna nicht nehr tri eine Ver- oeffentlichunr benuehon. Selbst dio Verv.-alter ihres -nc Masses v;or "on jilf^h rntnr.hlioognn| dieces oiao nnuskript lieber unter Vor- schluss -55« leoGeny--"03 ist eine noch v;oitlnouficcre UobcrpolGnlk, als schon Cic Ueilir-c ia-.ilie in ihren du-rrston r.aplteln wer, ♦iFriedr.iJnrels; Brief an V.v.m von 19. Aur:. 1846
G
O^
201
(lafusr sind die Oason Li dop Wuoste viel apnorlioher ßesuet."*) Mehr als echzig Jnhre v/ird ea dauern, bis ein oteets -Institut In IteskQU einon Druck toranlassen wird« ^
F' ff ' '
nif^fcMtf Troestllch in co^isse^- Gred war fuor 14nrx die Snt- deckunc» cIps^j ih; . euf dei. politischen Felde die i^eputction als Phi- loooph ohnehin v.'oniq^ü nutzen schien. Die leiten, ^ aonon in der lolitik die Philosophen den Grossen <i(i'cdit .^ohnbt hotten, varon of- fenbnr vorueber. Seine nundscliroiben und Pariphlete htiLten bisher
Treu in^ucCM o>mJ
noch x.'eni<7 Auf-.Grksnnkoit cefu^idon — aber walc >;«/Ai5S;c>rkoankoit
diu. üU. 6c€ 'ye*-iru^»n
jj-ricr spu?rbnr ccv;o!'(!en rnr, W'iP oichtli h voi soifma oekononischon Behaute tun/'ßn erregt. Es \;p.r klrir, duos die v-niöintlicli exo/te V.'is- eonschaft der Ookononio viel autoritativer \k.t fuer die neue Oene- ratlon. als ir.^^endv; Iche Fhil-->3ophie./|Gut denn, v;e:in Oekononie nohr Ein'!ruck nnchte, dann noclito nnn ihn als Oekonoiion betrnchton. Karl Knrx bof^nnn, sich systomtlsch nicht iielir Philosoph, son-ern Oeko- nomirt zu nennen, .iuji ernten Mal f'iohrte or eich in dieser /:ieit an der Spitze eines :!anunkrlpto3 nit den .;orten ein: «I ai. a Oon-an and an econonist".**) Es v/ar gonou drei Jplu-e, nachderi or zun er- sten Tal ein ookononir. hes Bucli in die Iland eenoinen hatte.
Es int wehr, Ja Beginn fuehlto er nlch niont/^cenuotlich in soinpn CrmTand als fc/ononist. Er hatte die unbohaGliclie Enpfindung, dces jcOer ilm froren nuecno: V?icß0^c(fononint? Sein I^ancel r.n ircond- w-lcher nach\7' Icbnrci^ ^-oistunf^ auf oofcononinohejs^ vJoblet v/rr eine
ö
♦) Franz Mehrlng: Karl Marx ( Deut.^che Ausgabe) p. 116 ^♦h'prl Harz: ii»©4:;f*««-ta. "Kisere de Ig Philosophie"
c
c
202
Eloosso^ und e-* fand es notv/o-ortig^ die^^^ Tl 'ense zu verdocken» LrtV
nyctBrIoes ein üim.'^j ol*
gev/oehnte nlch nn^ In Gosprneclien iendes ookononisches Werk zu ervvR ahnen, das or fertig in rier Schub- lade lio/-en haT:e, ^^s> die Verleger ebcr noch wonlrer zu drucken waeten, wie sein Buc?i f.:ocen die deutschen Ideallston« IJr schrieb an Annenkov, einen vennoegenaen ruörir>chon Bohenien in Icris, der en Boerse ihr, role^ ntllch zur ^erfuonunr stand: ♦*! wl.sh I could havo sent you r.y book on politlcnl ocohoriy w:^.th this letter, hut it hes
. ßo fnr tecn Inpossible t^v ne to c-t this vnrk| nnd the rrltlcinn of the ^enian philosophrrs ond fiocirllsts of whicti I npoI:e to you in Brüssels, -nrlnted, Yo-; v;ould never Irlieve the difficultios Which 8 publicütlon of thJs YAwt cor.os ''.p nrainrt In rrornany, fron the pollce on tho onc hnnö, cnd fror; the puV13»hero on tho other^."*)
Xln eVon dloror Z.oit --ekl.-iniertc di^r Vcrlorer Lcske in DnmEtadt in
irjier roroizteron Briefen drr B«aÄ W^pollti^öi^ ^lon^^ dns Inrx
ir.lt i-hr ahres hlofloon hntto. In ohen dlo.'-ier /ieit drolito dieser Ver-
locor nlt "Sticht sehr on -cnehr-ien ochritton"**), fnlls I'arx Jd tst
nicht e:itY;ef''.or das ^fniiuokrlpt otliofere, oi'.or dio 1500 France Vor-
schusn zuruerkorntötte* Un^. in e^ en dlor^^r ',f^lt nur>oto Tarx nloh
e Innren tehen, dnss er iionoo vnrx/ionnrhft.^ \m^\^^ r^.nn m in f u'.y den d^c^^ '♦'»'^^ ^^^ ^^ /-^^^ 7u:u.<^ ?^ k^c^^f^.
I - 1
err^rxsHijiyniiruuli des tjuurgeülö u üuHüiiuüI
-F*
V^ '
TTT
teiuBf
definitiv nicht au u l.galljuü iLiüluili^Q Hoii^Sr hp.tte einen Verlecer
r
*lKr:rl V^TTX Brief an P.W.Annenkov v.
- (Irttoyn. yiilil. TTii T"i"l-y
**) J-^-^yj ' nrxi-Chronii: #ta Inea Lei
2« evr. 1847
2P. Dez. 18^6. Jelect« Cori^.
p. 18 ^
31. Juli irU) und
r
^ )
0
203 aler kein oeJcononisohea Buch — er a erbreit^eto die Lepende, ein oel'onoininchen Buch zu haben, aber keinen Verle{^or# Kr hotte ji-^oii noch nicht die Krfahrunf ,'^er ncht, dasr. es car keiner solchen Um-
ötr^endlichkeiton bedurfte, tr: von deuen, deren
adf; i o Sehn£tu^ ht
eine ^ehauTtunr erfuellt, nls Autoritrot anerknnnt zu \ c^-^den« Er hatte noc-' nicht die Erfehrunr peimcht, dosB Pro5?tJpe, Gl«tt1>cn|^ Autor^dtaet, ^puz v;'e ie^ij/er Kurs ^n .iecleri Merlct, bestu.rit v/erden vor. Be^eh' en des Konsur enten»
Uno der ^ekononist Tarx br?^oh euf zur lüroTorunfr dos I ondpols an Sozi- listi'*- hen linrkt*|i^: deut^-^ohon t>ekt;)r dieres Ilarkts hatten seine Rundschreiben und i'onphlete dps vorhreltnisiaaes i • sti-erkste üojio ^^efund^n» lir stunrzte sich in das CJesv-^hnef t, die. jBonf^u: renten.
"1n7 ml^nnt \v\ fnl^ ^(> \\^ jfi |}^^
T' I*u'.i)^.s'imr ri.on '^'rnl^l'-rri
lan wollen J zunrechstjfi i deutschen öcktor zu vernichten. Und it) ^Üre dieser rasen' en 0anT)a^7ne ent\.iokelte ^r otv;- s, was noerli- ^ chenreise ^ rtl^irt ^"prj nocn v/lclitirer fH*-v;r dentale reine Dojrtrin.
Er entv:ickelte einen '4ift r^rnz besonn^ ren 3t il düs Knopfes un die Tacht. ^^« Sc^i^e. die^iA, S/U 7uciA^a4< io£l^c ! HeAic. TncU^fLOucu o^ßU ^^^
Q -U.S berenn nlt Knp;el^s Freund, d^rii kleinen Schriftsteller
Hermpnn Krle'^*^^, einen iütrlied der^'iTor^iunln tischen Iartei^#//v;enif:e Wochen nach seinnn Eintritt in die Partei v;pr Kriere nach Ar-erika aus^ev/aa^ert. In Ile York hette -ir sich sQßl:;ioh eine kleine *ieit- s^hrift in eutficher üpra^he -'ef^ruemlet — ein Or'^an, : ls ciie deut-, sehen Arbeiter in A* erikf^ zun Koinunisnius bekehrr.n ;;ollt'.u Aber kaian hatte I arx eini^^e llunjnern des »»Volks tribun^ r-ele:>ea, da ent- schied er, daps ^^er kleine I'ann jenseits den Oceans ^serloosly com-
r
\
204
promises the Comrnunißt Party both in Europe and in America»*^)
Er rief die Partei zu einer Sitzung zusainrien^ und beantragte die
Ausstossunp Krieges ^ma Anfnmic| waren krasser Abweichungen j[ üeb or o i
devlelionsjf vom Goi3t<j des echten Conmunismus* Eine votuninoese
Begruendung des Verdikts brachte er fertig in die Sitzung mit*
Was hatte Kriere sich zuschulden koninen lassen? Marx^ Schrift-
Satz verBeichnetei/kleinere Suenden und eine «ardinale Ketzerei. ffDie
erste der kleineren Suenden warl/elne geld/liche Schmutzerei» Der
•HTolkstribun'^ wnr finanziert wor en mit rlen Oelde von Bourgeoisl
Krief!:e hat sich die Mittel nach seiner Anku f t in New York durch
••Sendschreiben an alle reichen deutschen Kaufleute*^) verschafft*
L nicht JSs war von I'^arxy^schmutzig gefunden worden, einen sozialistischen
Verlag fuer sich selber mit bourgeoise» Oelde zu begruonden. Hier
fand er es schrautziß* .
An eine/^Frare dos^^Dogrias (■■ don nooh nioht niodergeactoiebo»
non Dognoo \ ruehrte die zweite der kleineren Kriege^ sehen Suendeh#
Der Liann hatte sich erwaernt fuer die Idee, den landwirtschaftlichen
Boden Amerika^ s an kleine Bauern
aufzu-
teilen. Dns, entschied Marx, ist »•inconsistent with any cornnunism whatsoever*****) , denn auch kleine Bauern sind prlvnte yroporty
Die Aufteilunfr des Bodens auf kleine Bauern mag vielleicht in manchen Laendern ••ffoltÄLlyf^t**) eifie v/irksane koi^nunis tische Parole sein«
o
Marxr
Gesamt -Aus gäbe. Erste Abteilung, Band 6, p. 3-21
ft HU ff tt
ff ff
I I
r
(, >
o
205 Aber "the ultlrnnto nln of the rovonent«*) Ist nicht, weitere kleine Eeucrn zu achaffen, sondern, ranz in Oegonteil, nuch die beotehen- <l©n zu jorrir^jjfiiofeii^ Bs vrar ans erste !{cl, dass Itarx« Foindachaft ^"en ölo Jclolnon Botiern und dlo ♦nsirentunsscheisse in er Loßdwirt- •cheft'»**)^dlo sich bald zu ßluehonden Hass entwickeln v;ird, ihren Äruck fand. Und ea w' r.zun ernten L'al, dass dns Hezept nieder-
,, feu 0«4?ta*^. "
ges^Mrleben wirr*o, yinltlallgf* fuor die kleinen Bauern zu s hwoor-
nen und ihnen da- Land nls Klrentun zu vorsprechen, un oc ihnen i4&e^^
ölLl% Lülyf wiede- worzunehnen«
Aber dlo kardinale Ketzerei dos kleinen Kriejro v;or otv;as, v;ns ■orx "Öenuotssohv^'.eraeieion" und "Liebosduseloien*» und^^notarhysische yanferonodon*'
A
nnnntö.***) nicht/ wonif^er als 35 Lei hatte der, Volks tribun»», wie in einer Innren^ Oün&ue;;( Liste nachGcwieson wurde, Berriffe wie ♦♦Liebe" und ••Kenschheit'» und »Iloröl" in seine
Eroer terunr:en ueber den Soziallsnus einreremrtjrHier zoc LIarx jetzt
»
die Grcn:5e zwischen Fortschritt und Reaktion. Auf der einen Seite die Wiasensohnftler, dlo den Proloteriorn die eiserne, knlte, no- chonistische Gosetzllchkeit des Sozialisnun zeiren — r\x£ der enderon Seite die "vorzuckernden alten i/eibor^» *♦*♦) die sie nit ♦♦Phrasen" von heiligen Zielen, Erziehunp des Herzens, Errettung der Üenschhcit und was nicht sonst noch ('enornlis leren. ♦♦v;e aro not oncerned with
t thla or thot prolotarian, or oven the Proletariat ao a '-.hole, nay rer^rd es its ein. ffhot v;o nre concornod v/ith is, v/hat tho pro-
)
£«*d/ r'nrxr MoaUauoj'
Erste Abtoilunp Band 6»p.3->21
,: Brief an Enccls, 14» Aue. 1851 ■ft-nr^ ij'r^rxt Woatouop Oosant-AusR. Erste Abt. Bi ****) Karl Marx» Brief on Herwogh von 8. Aur. 1847
(
v_/
n
206 Ict-riat will bo historically compöllod to do. Tta goal and Ito
historicpl nction are Irrevocobly ordnined.»»*) Hier «»icritii^cher
KonnunJsnius'*, dort ♦♦(JejRuotnkonrnnismus" .**) Air Ger.uetskorjrnmist;
WP
r dem Literr,ten Friere durch dss rteerlcnte StifTie, den Aup-iohluss
BUS der Pnrtei, crfc.Tmunr:slos (?as IIa n^Jv.-erk zu leren. , •
Auf der Vollvcrsn-nlunr <^er KoriiiinijjtiFchen Portei, in '1er df-r Pr.'^esldent seinen Antraf r.tellto, v:pren au:;ser ilan y Kitßlieder
■
anvesend, Sinirc rioch/ten fsich v.TirKiern, Hatte Tarx nicht oft ponug •useinrnaerr'eset7.t, dass alle bisherlr'en Wortfuehrer den fJozialis- uiuH c!er^oralirierende Genuets Sozialisten seien? Pflerte er daß nicht
Ce
nz beronr.ers von allen Deutschen zu saren, — von V.'eitlln--»;
von Hess; von den v/iderlichen Karl amen, von r'er p;an7.en r>oziallsti- Bchen Vrev^re in Preussen? V/arur. dann rerade den voelli^r unbekann- ten Kriefte ii't ft;r".en Anorika hernusf:reifen?JAber äio l'itcliedcr äer r^^rtoi x'nre.n nicht von/r^er. Schipp, rs^v ?c^^noT\ Fur^hrer v-iclprspricht. Ausnord'^n \7nr Vveitllnr nolTD )r anv/esond, — uri'^. on v/r^ero eine Vor-* '^ lefijenhoit n;ov/eneri^ dio Fragen in solnor Crerjonv/art 7,u ntel\ n# Sechs ^ von rlon Mit^L lodern untorzolchneten dns VcrdÜrt • Sie v/'iren f-espannt^ wie IVeitlin^ riv-^h v^rhnlten v/erde. ^ , .
V/eitlinr p:*otentiorte« '^r nprach vor Aufre^runf zitternd; mit
Cseiner / l^mer nchrelenc^erer Stl^-^ne; und nit nicht ^/^ernT^^"^cra! natikallBchen
Kehler, die V.pwj: wx^ En/^ls s^hon so vielen LStoff zu futen V/itzen
f^ereben hntten« Sr verteidist^^ Kriefre — dor Llrnn acitiortc fuer
die Exproprin tioriy f ol/^lioh v/^r -r ein Sozi<:ilict« AI- er hol Kriege
blieb der üx-Sohnolder nicht stehcn^l/Sine duentere Ahnun;: pelnitjte <fy^^
*) K' rl L^nrx und Friedr> Enp;els: Die Hoiligo Fanille ♦♦) Friedr» Enpels; Vonvort zu Marx* »»Enthuelluncen uohcr den Kom-
muninten-Prozess zu jjfbeln'»
207
r
( i
■ÖQ
it sGinam ersten BruesÄer Tag war er uoberzeuct, daas dieocr
lilarx ihn mit arheelan Au^on ancohe; deaa or der. elionrliiron Arbeiter sein bi5:chon '^eltun;'^ toi .Vrboitsi^n nolue, Lr liitlt I.:arx fuor einen "abgefeilten Intritianton"*) — uüd er hatte iUXt'isttlAllüo, \.os er fcesass, norr.liGai und materiell, v;ar seine alto üOülr.listisoho He- putatiou* Selbst drs ^ituock Brot Uiid die 'rasöo Gafo, die tagelaag seine einzige *»Ghrunr v-vran, v/aron aui' ein IlrtiMg soinor eilton De- putation^ dank aeren er r.auoiu^l einen Artikel anter" r/ingen und einen Vortr.i^: lialter; konnte. Und jet2;tp er oah e^^ koiiucn, \»aerde dieser Marx nach dcu einen GrGi-'^uütökOiuLiuniiittjn düxi aacchston dir- lanieron un. ^tl^^r -Ti ^^ Uaoü der. kleixien -ü^ioi^e den (rroesoe« ren Ueitling, Jas war seine panik — und er v/ar üo v.'enir^perf i- diploiTia tischt dtisa er sie weißte, ür wuetooe. Kr liuys eicli liinreis-
en
zu vul{-ueren Insinu£itionon# i;r u.>chto es u-.oO l^i iitor xuor
Marx, (Lis Quazufujhi'ou, v/as in der Tat seine Abalcht v;ar» \;eitlinf^s Benehnon, sagte der Praosident, wirft klar ««mit- die • Praeie seiner .
eironon Liitfjliodschcf t auf l . - '
Der Faolirer der Partei setzte die Ausstosaunc Veic-lixvis auf ' die Tapjea-Ordnun;:. Ls v/ar zwei Jahre, nachdeiu or ihn ala Incar- netion cllcr proletarischen Tugenden «ef eiert hatte»
Dq^ \<eitlin;>4ptttr'^ ütel^^t sich Hinaernisse enti;e,;eü« i.uf die
A
Nechricht eilte dns r.itr.liöci liosos Hess nach ürueüsel, unu -^xm ersten
t
Kel sah laan den sanften "Koii.uniütckaolien lOiLbi« rabict. lir sprach von Perf idie — gab es ein lailiuroo IVort als »JtKi'iilE perfid fuer diesen Ueberfall our den Aeltesten, von i:arb.;n Bodecktecten, in
r
>
♦) Franz laehrAnft; Karl Me.rx (öonirin Edition) p» ^5
208
r
o
o
«er elten Garde des Sozial Ismus ?fünd abgesehen davon» wohor, eiferte
Hess, nahm Marx die Legitimation fuer seine Verdikte? Moch hatte
er seine neue Behnuptung, dass der puro Autometismus der üekononie
den Sozialismus zm. Sief^e bringen werde, nicht einmal richtig er-
klaert. Aber selbst wenn die Behauptun« richtig weere, wuerden de-
fuehle und Ethik und Romantik noch immer nicht entwehrt V'cr«len koen-
nen. Der durchschnittliche Mensch wird nicht von 'fsoluiteeff, sondern
i^en
von Emotionen in Bewepuncr piesetzt. Hur wer sich statt dos wahron, le Männchen eine logarithmische (OchmibtiBeh/MarionetteVconstruiert
hat nur der, rief »der/ erste Koi-imunist der Partei", ('
kann die Prcdif^t der Liebe und tJenscnlichkeit Jemals fuur uoberflues-
sir halten. Wie dem euch seij^
dgr
Heaa, wmi« ylii
<5tc^
IpDllte liHTX alle ausser
p J»UJl
sein, so wueröe ein Kampf entzuendet w rden, den nicht die soge- nannten AbstlramunRen einer Minintur-Partei entscheiden vmerden. Und Weitling, warnte er.war der Probe-Fall. ^^^ ppj-tei
Er WBrnte Marx unter vier Augen. Er warnte Mxxx in einer Sitzunr;, — und als er die Tuer hinter sich zugeschnettcrt hatte, blickten die Mitglieder etw-s betreten auf ihren Fuehrcr.fGlueck- licherwoise zeigte der Puehrer sich keineswegs betreten. Wer Hess p:ehoert hatt^.Jlcoenne nicht mehr zweifeln, v/oruia es hier ging. Diese aeltoren Vorlneufer des Sozialismus hatten einfach den An- schlusa an die Entwlc-lun.- verloren. Sie konnten nicht vorstehen.
)
209
dasß mit der Entdockunp: der materiali-tls<"hen Wissenschaft ein f5\nz
4
neues Kapitel be/^onnen hntte» Aus Instrimenten def=i Fortsohrlttes waren sie zu Bleigewichten geworden* Ihr J^redit musste zerstoert^
«
Ihr Einfluss gebrochen werden^ Es wnr schraerzlich, aber welchen^ ^^i^ck konnte es dienen, noch eine Weile zu verschleijwn, dass ausser dem Fall Weitlin*^ Ä^oii-ein Fall Hess reif geworden wnr?
Der Fu?:^hrer dor Partei setzte den Auosc;hluss v n L'.oses Hess euf die Ta^es-Ordnunr^ Es wr^r drei Jehre, nachdem Hess fu.jr Ihn
Mentor zum Corinunlsmus gewesen v/ar«
Un diese Seit wurde Marx zun ersten Mal ••ftM Proletorirf^jl^Dl/^
tator*»'^') p:9nannt# Annenkov, der russische Globe-Trottor^ den nicht
die Politik, son'^ern dPH nenschliohe OpestMol fascinierte, prae^te
a >
den Titel* Und er notierte: ^V/ith^thick black mop of hair on his head,
with heiry hands and crookedly buttonod frock-cont, he gave the ixa-
pression of one ho haa the rif^ht and the pov:er to corirand respect,
whatever his appearonce and whatever he did* His nanners defied
the acc^pted fonis of socicl intcrcourse, and v; re hnughty and almost
contcnptjouo* His Sharp metallic voice suited ronarkably v/ell the ra-
dionl vordicts which he was in the heblt of pronouncinr, on nen and
«
thinßs« Evnn at this terra Marx invariably spoke In the fom of Judgo-
nent without appeal*»** ) • '
Die Schwierigkeiten fuer df-n Proletarlrf4({üijft?:tor bei deia pvkffm dor beiden Veteranen vaichsen. Hess hf^tte die ueb errasch ende Idee, dss Netz, in den er gefangen werden sollte, zu zerreissen.
()
*) E«H.Carr: Karl Marx, p« 60
*♦) aeor.^ E.Q.Catlln; The Story of the ^olitical Fhilosophora p, 568
f
c
C)
210 Was band Ihn an diese Pseudo-Pnrtei, die nichts als ein bedeutender
klingender Neme fuer ihren Praesldenten wnr? Er erklnertc seinen
Austritt.*) Und weehrend die Auaschluss-OffenslTe dadurch Im Keim
-t
erstickt v/ar, mochten Jetzt Angriffe von ihm selber zu fuarchten sein Sr hatte Anhang, Ä»«' ^^rade ujn diese Zelt wurde en hevlesen, Len^e hatte Warx sich bemueht, unter den deutschen Arbeltern In Bruessel etvvns in? Leben zu rufen, was "Arbeitpir-Bildunj/svereln" heissen jind noVioriY'ui oin Holtputon nooervoAico fu>y
■flftti^
*
die Arbeiter nlrht Marx, sondern Hess als Praesidenten, ) Ebensowon ip wickelte der v/eitlinf?-yufe sich ßlett rb. /fls ein wei-
terer iTote/tor stellten die Loncloner ♦♦Crerechten" sich vor den Vo- terenr n. Sie schrie' en Briefe mit drohenrien Benerk:unF;en ueber Marx» "Goiehr/teiJ Arrof-anz" **) — und der Londoner Bund, eine l^esse von aohziß bi? hunf^ert Arbeltern, wrsr die f^oeFste organisierte Macht 4n rifutschen S^(i(tor des Sozialisnus«
Aber den Proletarischen Di^tr.tor befiel keine Sch-.v=eche, Diese
/jfampapne nusste zu Ende refuehrt werden, unrl was nicht p*^t^ auf dem elaon Wer^ riusste euf anderen Waren piolinwn. Er konnte s^ine Rivalen mit ('er Geissel lltemriacher Polemik blutip; striep.en. Die deutsche "BrueaÄer Zeitunfr^'V stand ihr. und Kn^els Impr zur VerfUBgunfr, das Blaettrhen hatte den ueb liehen j o%'rirBnj Hlngror nach Artikeln wichtif^er noch war, den (((rfdit seiner Hivalen
r
)
)
Kory/.-^Chrorlk fetrtii^y L<.'büttH, lit-ifHübJtu v
\J
jj. IjüT
I li'u.ütLau| 19. Mal I846
«f
)
Ibid
22. Juni und 19. Juli I846
211
r
i
ü
direkt bei den deutschen Arbeltern zu zerstoeren. Wenn die Londo- ner "Gerechten" sich p-ef^en ihn gewandt hatten, — konnten die vcn Paris nicht fuer ihn/ gewonnen werden? Sie waren v/eniger zahlreich aber sie waren die elnzif^e j^onpakte Macht, die ausser der in Lon- don existierte, Engels musste das fertlgbrinßenl Er, der die Mittel dazu hatte, musste nach Paris ueberaiedeln. Er nusste die deutschen Arbeiter in Paris absj»enstlg machen den Rivalen, En^ols ZOP nach Paris. //Er entfaltete eine fiebrl^lge Aktivltaet. Es v/ar nicht genup^bei/. keiner Zusammenkunft der "Gerechton" zu fehlen/. Es war notwendig, sich un Jedes einzelne Mitglied zu bemuehen; den einen zu besuchen an Arbeitsplatz^ mit dem anderen am Mittar'stlsch zusarimenzusltzen* Strategische Plaene v/aren auszu-
9
arbeiten^ Rollen waren zu verteilen, der Gegner war staendig aus- zukundsc haften* Und ueber alles v/ar Renau an Marj^x zu berichten, damit er solnerselts alles weiter verwenden koenne»
full/tiwe Job^Aber der Lohn blieb nicht aus* ^
Der Fall Weitllnp entwickelte sich besonders felattjL Die »»Ge-
rechten*» von Paris »ussten wenig mehr von den Gruender ihres Bun-
Cdes Bruders d08# Sie schauderten, wenn Engels ihnen^^dle flKTaEleVV.eitlings^*)
auseinandersetzte* Er machte reichlich Gebrauch von dem devastie-
renden Wort^^reactionaer — •^ich kriege als Reaktionaer den Kopf he-
runterReschlagen»*,**) Jammerte der Veteran in einem Brief t^usserdem
aber verlangte der Karx^sche Stil des Kampfes, nicht stehen zu blei-
ben bei rein ideologischen BeschuldiRun/=ren, Das allein diskreditier^
%» einen Gegner nicht genuef^end* Etv-^as menschlich revoltierendes
^KFriedr. Enp-elsi Brief pn Marx vor. Oktober I846
**) Franz Mehr Inf t Knrl Warx (Öerman Edition) p. 125
212
C
(
o
muss hlnzugefuegt v;erden; eine SchriUtzcrei, ein Skandal^ die Ihn als voraechtllchen Charakter entlarven. Olueck und Elfer brachten Enpiels i»ft»«*i auf die Spur eines unvermuteten Weitlinfr-Skandals. Der Ex-Schnelder vmr ein liternrischer Hochstaplerl "Wie die Arbel- ter hier allgemein/ glauben", meldete Engels nach Bruessel, "hat Weitlinp; seine Buecher nicht allein Remacht,"*) Die v/irklichen Ver- fasser tnhlonan nlTt^°iirTf '""^ e in ipei/ Franzosen jiu gotn dor eino
,11111011 Haiiienfrl Pub nf zehn Jnhro lang War die sozialistische Welt fiimhi aiwiateü Ot^huuindel aufffoooooaii^
Es muss gesagt wrrden, dass Engels» Berichte sonst keinen gros-
sen Respekt fuer das, vms "die Arbeiter glnuben", zu bev/eisen pflef^ten
Im Gegenteil. Um diese Zeit bep-annjif die Sprache, in der iia«ey
-, L ■■ /i^) ■
ftii'ü Eii^wlgi privatim ueber die Arbeiter redete^ stark
abzuweichen Yon sf!*wrfoeffent liehen Sprache. Die oeff entlichen
Aeusserungen blieben fuer Imner erfuellt Ton Enthusiasmus ueber die
einzigartig prachtvollen Eigenschaften, die das Proletariat zum
Retter der Menschheit bestlnmten* Unter vier Augen daeegen wurde
immer hoffaertlger und veraechtllcher uebor dns Proletariat pe-
8T>rochen« Enrrels Berichte
/
ili mid y»
i%le der preuos Ische Ser-
geant ff
fitdet^ Eh Rekruten ppgtohti nannte
sle'^die Kerls«*, oder
die Esel<i''**^)f oder ««die dummen J^,nfren8 von Arbeitern, die alles ' gleuben#****^*) Ihre Intelligenz war niedrig, ihr Chfakter schlecht^ cUiL iedr>Kngel8X Brief an Marx V). Auß# 18^6
• H fl tf
ff
)
18. Sept. 1846
c
r
^SchlafmuetzlRkelt und kleinliche Eifersucht der Kerls»»*) degoutffirt# Aber was Weitllngs Hochstapelei anbelangte, war die Beschuldigung|ge-
0
stuetzt auf nichts als einen »»Glauben der Arbeiter*», nichtsdestoweniger hoechst wichtißt
Die Beschuld ipjun^ konnte fast als erv/lesen behandelt v/erden — konnte sie nicht? — als der Beschuldigte, zur Rede gestellt, »»bloss antwortete, das seirfek Verleumdungen.»»**) Der Beweis konnte als endguel- tiß behandelt v/erden — konnte er nicht? — als ein»»sehr grober Brief»» an Weitlinp gesendet worden war, und als der Beschuldigte »»nicht mehr ant- worteje»»***) • Nur einige ganz Verstockte unter den Arbeitern hielten
«
danach noch nn ihm fest. Evidentermassen v/aren diese Verstockten un- wuerdig der weiteren Mitrliedsohaft im Bund. Engels konnte nach Brues- sei melden: »»Der Rest der Weitlingianer, eine kleine Schneider-Clique, steht im Ber:rifff^, hier hinausf-eschmissen zu v/f rden»».****) Und so ge- schah es. Die Weitlinr-rfampagne in Paris war mit einem vollen Erfolg beendetjjuhd es ist zu envaehnen, dass rier Erfolg sich rasch noch ver- groesserte. Unter der erbarmungslosen Hetze waren die Nerven des Vete- ranon zusaimengefc rochen. In seinem Ekel hatte er nur noch den Wunsch, nichts mehr zu sehen und zu hoeren vo i seinen Verfolgern. Deutnche Ar- beiter-ÄTLubs in America sandten ihm das Geld fuer ein Zwisohendeck- Blllet, und nach so Vielen, die vor fuerstlichen Autokraten uebei^j Meer gefluechtet waren, empfing der Junge Erdteil hier den ersten, der sich fluechtete vor einem proletarischen Diktator. In Amerika werden die
r^
*) Friedrich Enr:elst
)
Brief an Ma
m m
♦4c
a
)
lA« Jan«
19. Aup.
19. Aug.
19. Aup.
18^8 1846 18^6 18^6
Tv
K
y'
c
< >
. 2U Deutschen noch manches Johr der Predigt seines Geraue tssozlallsraus' lau- schen. In Europa wird man nie wieder Ton Weitline hderen, Marx war lRfi>*
Die Ueberwaeltif^unp; Karl Oruens, der Warx» intimster Hass war, fMr nicht ßanz so einfach, Betraechtliche Mengen von gedruckte» Pole-
» *
mik mussten vorbereitend gegen ihn abgeschossen werden. Dann brachte Engels die menschliche Schmutzerei, die keinesfalls fohlen durfte,
> t -
an»s Licht — "Oruen hat die Arbeiter um circa t 300 Francs beschissen«*) ySs Ist wahr, das Geld war Yon Gruen»s ergebensten Anhaenpjerh
im Bund der Gerechten gegeben worden, -«fnd die «Gruenitea» legten den angeblichen Betij^g einfach als ein Darlehen aus, das sie einem Fueh- rer in Nof gern zugewandt haetten, und dos er eines Tages schon zu- rueckzahlen v/erde* Aber die Gruenite|| waren befanßene Zeußon, —
waren sie nicht?
uohgo;
»o*^/'^ Der Makel war nicht von Gruon abzuwaschen, und es v/ar von nun ab deutlich, dase er den trick vmf^ seinen Hals zu spueren beßann^f Er war von nun ab "intriguinp the v;hole time, runninr round the Work- shop^ etc. "*♦) — ein abatossendes Betragender Beschuldigte war kein Mitglied des Bj|ndes, Als der Tag des Gerichtes ueber seine politischa Abominationen schliesslich herangekommen war, standen f orcB 11 seine
*
Anhaenger, nicht er selbst, vor. den Schranken, "Heute abend v/erden die Juenger Gruens definitiv gestuerzt"?'/, melf^dete Engels nach Brues- sel. Die Juenger hatten, wie ihr Meister, nichts wissen wollen ron dem
dl
wahren, ausschliesslich oekonomischen )^rimunismus# Sie pfloßten das als *»Loeffelk<Mnmunlsmus'» (Uebors: "spoon and fork coiamunism?) zu ver- hoehnen und "vague petty-bourgeois phrases and visionary dreams"****)
»
^TJFriedrich Ungels: Brief an Marx 19, Aug, I846 **T ? " 23. Okt, 1846
tt
n
" t^, Okt, 18^6 [nü^ Qt-u^cu^u £::^«itn.nt]
a^ ojct, 1846 /
II
II
j
)
• I
/
I I
215
r
ZU bevorzugen« Das v/ar die Anklage •'^eb er Abende hinweg keempften die
Gruonitent Dann fliegte Engels — • in zwei Etappent Er schlug zuerst den Kopf des Drachens ab* ••Oruens o
ry turned ou
lower
f fouQfftr ^nd jMipll Papa Eiser-»
mann, htnritreBmrttir
tf^, berichtete er« Einige Monate spaeter
o
G.
folgte dem Kopf der Rest« Selbst die verborgensten heimlichsten Grue-,
iC>jiM/c6nites ~ 8 whole commune — were throv/n out*»**), meldete En^^ls« Ss
ist wahr, dass der Bund der Gerechten nach allen diesen Saeuberungen
80 ßut wie aufpiorleben v;np, "We areVonly thirty strong«». Gleichviel, Po Cj;ottet.
in der Bompa^ten Mocht der Pariser Gerechten war der Gruenismus aiB geV^
Eine Enttaeuachunf^ war die Äeunpaene ße^en Hesst Engels tat, was er konnte, — un^oachtet der menschlichen Peinlichkeit, Es war. erst vier Jahre, seit Heoo ihn sozialistisch getauft hatte. Es v/ar kaum laen- per als ein Jahr, seit sie am Rhein in dickster Br^^rschaft vereint ge- wesen waren.TAber sentimentale Schv;aechen hatte Enßels abgelegt« Das Vorurteil, dass politische Gegnerschaft mit Respekt fuer den Gegneri mit Ritterlichkeit, verbunden v/erden kann, passte nicht zu dem Stil ■ des Kampfes, den Marx und er Jetzt entv/ickelten. Sornr bei peraoenli- chen Zusammentreffen mit "Mosl" zeigte er sich gefliisentlich uninhi- biertt ••Ich habe ihn so kalt und spoettisch behandelt, dass er keine Lust haben wird, wiec^ erzukommen. ••**♦) ••Gott weiss, und Moses desglei- chen, dass ich ihn bei unsrem zweiten und letzten Zusarmentreffen mit offenem Maule stehen liess •••**'•''*') Selbstverstaendlich suchte er anpestrenfjt die menschliche Schmutzerei, die keinesfalls fehlen durfte,
zu entdecken. Als absolut nichts herauszufinden war, verbreitete er
*>>
Tripper leide. ****-r)sei-
«411
wenigstens, dass Hess an chronische»
"^ ^Friedrich Engels: Brief an Marx, «^. Okt. \^kh^ C ^i^ q^-^^^u^^ i^aii^ *♦) « « • *» 25". Okt . 184^
«
15. Jnn. 184.7
9. Maerz 18^.7 15. Jan. 18^7
v^
( V
215a)
I •
I
ner Frau hoengto er den Ruf einer ordinaeren Schlampe an.
Fuer Aufrenblicke vmr er hoffnunrisvoll. Dann nannte er Hess te - reite "la prandeur dechue"*). Noch ßonuepender Bearbeitung zeigte 4<ch zun Beispiel der Praosident der Gorechton "volllcommen ira Klaren ueber Hess, il n»a pan la noindre Sympathie pur cet horjiio-la."**)
C.
*i Friedr Enfrcls Brief an Marx, 15. Jan, 18^.7
t
) • " " " 19. Aup. 18iV7
♦4>
216
! '
( )
()-
Stifnmunff jiannte ef ihn e^l^^S
cUt kk^ftK -itisMlM. i^fo'OU^ . -
ber jl' Uli yrwlBauii hIcIi ili» Hufliiiuif^t^Ji Wlftder als
T — ..^««fi\*\*i'*
Woren ^le Agbel<>Br von Hess zu unerachuettlich ueberzeußt? War
der Stil dieser J^ampagna bei der dritten Wiederholung im gleichen
^ ^ (auch Kreis »f^hon zu verbrnucht? WaS) immer der Grund, die Sache ginr nicht
klagte Knge/s mdi fast anderthalb
Jahren nutzloser Bemuehunp;, "|^roduces the devil of a confusion for me, and exposes ne to the most lonfT-winded countei|f3peeches from the v/orkers. Whole meetin/^s have been vmsted over it, and it is
«
not evon possible to niake a decisive attack on this stale npnsenso,«**)
Job niohto uotijlff olo xuilui^iu Aiu hlug bu bltll'uuj «orerst waren inufcg Maaa^ der Pariser Gerechten z^.Ai Rivalen Marx» zu
Boden ^^eschlapen, ober noch keinesv/efrs war ein Marx'aches Monopol aufgerichtet«
£'^>rm/S
i
ting AtmoflphQ^riy^^^'^ trRP^lncher IroAie uiii^Hb die /beiden jttngeir
Literaten
rnetiriyn^i die lüüiiatelaiit^ den Kioei ngrglS aDüUruiüi belli ihre T]
Toii ihrer Intellip;enz \cna &nW'aiü üDüüfUlui leu^ Ihre T'heorieen im-
m
spannten Jahrtausende und unspannten den Globus. Ih d er prakti- schen Politik war ihr Ziel, die nahende europaeische Revolution auf 41nen Wef? zu draen/?en, den der Fuss der Menschheit noch nie
tili UUtJll 1'
betreten hatte^
Womit sie sich dapeßen tetsoechlich beschaeftißten, wnr die Errin- Pun^T der relstipen Domina tion ueber eine Handvoll doutücher Jtr- beiter im Ausland, Die mikroskopische Truppe, die sie gucnstissten- falls fuer sich erobern konnten, und die Ripentische Truppe, die
^*)
r. jüimBl»: Briwf hu MüI'A 19V Jmu 1047
217
(
In ihren Plnenen f lp;urlert0 ~ we^lch grausaner ÄDntrastt Es v;ar ein Hontrastp der taMtJbi entmutl^eWkoennen*
Es gab anderes, was entmutigen haette koennen« In diesen sei- nem nchttindzv/an7.iRsten Jahr begann Marx ein kraenkelndor i^^ann zu werden» Sein erstes Leiden nannte der Arzt »«Brustkrampf^ ~ es mochte alles von Asthma bis Angina pectoris sein# Uifi kaum v;eniger quaelend v/ar die Krankheit, die jetzt offen bei ihn ausbrach •-
der vmetende, wuerpende .Mangel an Geld^fManche fanden, dass er aif einem ]Hfcel zu grossem Fusse lebe, und dass Jenny, die Tochter des adligen Hauses, keinen verstaendigen HauBhalt zu fuohren v/lsse«
blieb noch im-
Aber selbst vrenn das wahr war f^ unfl
mar die Tatsache uebrig. dass Jenny im Abstand von I^ienfzehn Mom>ten
zwei v/eitereii^ Kinderi^^aa^toInBn seriell on( hatte, ein^^ zweitei} Llaed-
chen und ein^ Jungen, und dass die Fanilie, eingeschlossen Lenchen
Demuth, Jot/.t schon aus sechs Koepfen bestand* Und nicht weniger
ein blieb es v/a'^r, dass Marx Einkommen irgendv.olcher Art v/eder hatte
noch erstrebte -— \md dass Engels mit seiner reduzierton Rente^ mit Mary Burns in Bruessel und sAinen Ausgaben in Paris, nicht mehr viel fuer ihn beitragen konnte* »
Die Sorge uns Geld verpestete seine Tage v/ie ein Carclnom, Er fuhr nach Rolfe nd, \ind erhielt elnifres von Onkel Philips. Er borfrte vc- Mann soiner Sch^^ester Sophie« Er borgte von Annenkov« Kr borgte von Edgar von/ Westphalen« Das Loch wurde iaiaer groesser» Es \mrde mit iinmer gewagteren Behelfen gestopft • "Ich bin monentan In solchem öeldpech**, schrieb er an Engels, »'dass ich zum VJechsel- ziehen Zuflucht nehnen rauss"*). Wenn die Revolution nicht bald kaiqi&
*) Kprl Harx: Brief an Engels, 15. Mai 18^7
218
(
i)
xmä Bolne Problone loeßtft^ drohte Ihn dns /^onplotte Va(|uun« Sonst oah er nichts nehr fuor sich In Illntorgrundp als hoechötens •^neln
Vermoepen''« Irmer vriedor Ir^. Loufo dor letzten
Jahro waren so ine
0>daiiken zu dorn kleinen Kapital zuruockßokehrt» das ocln Vater hin« torlnssen hntto, und dao bis zu Ihrera Tod© seinor Mutter reserviert war« Sollto oa wirklich ganz unmoeßlich sein, ir^nlcstena einen Toll soinos Anteils schon fruohor zu orhriltca? Er beauftraßto Inon An» wolt, nlt soinor Mutter aousnerst dringlich uebor die Au32;nhlunß wen-iprstens eines roilo zu vorhßAdeln«*)|Mn/^abre Controste^ln der Tat, zwischen Vorstellung und Y.irkllchkQltl Fuohror der (ranzen non- achliehen Rnooe ouf den \7eg zu Ihror ßG\'raltlc3ton Transfornation — Tind in der Wirklichkeit bosohneftifrt mit atonlosoa Jaßdon nach ein paar laiisißen Anhtienßorn und ein paar laus Icon Francs #
Aber OS rnb keine Entnutlgunc« Ss es^ kein Ahzelchoa^ dass UnTT die raaknbren Contraste seiner Sxlstena mit klnrecr. Realisnus empfunden hnette.T'.'as seinen renlistlschon Sinn benebelte, wlss nicht die vorachtete "Gefuelsduselei", — nber
mid (Towloff Tanet Ismus», benebelt nicht wenlnier» Fanatisch fuhr er fort mit der Entlarvung konkurriender deutscher Fuehrer und Ideen, FortwQ ehrend tauchton in der deutn hen Arena des Sozialicnitis neue Ideen neaer Srfin^er ?i!Uf, und fortwaehrend schlr-udcrto Karx ®f-en
alles und jeden die Oesohosse seiner Polemik, PoleHlk »»* Polenik, Selbst als er elnt.al aus der rein deutschen Arena heraustr-it und sich — emUich — diesen lucnhufllohefj Proudhon vornoha, ceschan
©P hpuptsnechlich deshalb, well Enfrels ihr. berichtete, dass der
*) iWi rw.rx/, Chronik
0U VUi iJiUtltUt
Oct. 18^7
(
Q'
219 "Proudhon^sche Drock"*) den Gerechten von Pnrla, "don dunrien Juneens hier", zu ffiit Gefälle» Da stuerzte er sich In eine flrunnende Pol- loolk f^egen dnn Juengote Buch des Franzoaon, *La philoaophie de
1» niaore"^ tmd botAto^oto^^^«^^KKQU^tl8^h "La mi'iere d© 1q philosphlo*.
slo un<3 als die Bron'^huere keinen ^orlef^er fand, liess er nuf eicone
Kosten drucken»
Wpß in dipßon St oemen T^on polemischer Produktion Irjier v/ach« Seite, v/nren die Invektiven, Inainuetionen» Diffamationen .fsle waren von ungtroitifror t^nnif^fnltigkoit» An uobormschendsten war viel- leicht die Invfbtivtf, die der Oekononlst llonc eecen de^ Ookonool« sten Proudhon brauchte» Er s&Llte ihn rls oekonanischen Autodidakten an den Prsnitor — und wer kennt nicht "dne unbeholfen((-v/idrieo . Gelchrtentto dos Autodidnkton, der als Parvonu dor Wlosenschnft mit dem, waa er nicht ist unä nicht hot, rieh spreizen zu nuessen waehnt« Ein -^arktschrei^pris her, selbe tlobhudelndor, rennomistlscfa er Ton, nsrentllch des stets so unerquickliche Cesell^r von und falsche (i^j>VT^ f=^nro nit ♦Wl<?ncn5chnft^ ^ C^llt einen fortv/aehrenö ins Ohr«''^*) Ueberraschende Involctlve in Munde eines, der selber in eben die- ser v;is3Qnschp.f t nichts ^^ anderes als ein Autodidakt war«-- ^^^^ "^^ ^^'Wk \i^H^ ^enl^^er nbv/echnlunrsrelch jyiA uobegggijeheiidf als die Invoc- tiven vrar in diesen Stroemen von Poleriik die Substanz» rls v^og/lm Grunde nur Iraner v/iederKdtij Behauptung^, von (TTTOr- titQor7t# ;/ Iches Stichwort auch immer ihn horvorrief^ t^unlft OF fiuoh fiuofflM^^ alles fuehrtekn
wieder zu den
'^) 7rie<rra En^ol^s: Brief an Marx^ 18. öept« 18^6
^^iKarl tarn Vorrede zur deutschen Aushöbe von ••Das Elond der
Philosophie»», lß85
(
u
Q
220
•UAlfi-f^'AH.
toblo iM.Miitg.//ln der Tat v/ar es Morx« Los, eich von Jotst ab la .
wosontllchcn i-wer nur^r.u v,'le<l erholen. Auch wenn or in der. Bilduaco» _ ^ * ^
Verein Vortroero vor den Arbeltern hielt, bostancJen aie l'irner etis
den glolchon,nbstra4t«n, j(jerobrclcn Deäufbionen, öie w<>it ueb.or
die Fnoaun/ffsfoppft der reifsten hlnnuscln^-on tind don. V.ect in ereu-
Pentierende PUBUdo-Intellektuelle verv.'enclelte. Dies v;or nlndostens
die Anni^^ht dos Tenpere: ont-I^ovolutlonoers Bokunin, der sich ▼oruober»
sehend In Bnic«tnol aufhielt. Zr spruehte Abocl.cu« "The Gßroans, Marx
and iänpels — ospocially i.!nrx f— ere plottinr tholr uounl nischiof
höre,"*) schrieb er, "IIo io (b rryinr on tho sare sort of futilo
fictivltles as of old^ corruptlnr the workors ty naklüc tL^ core-
brlc, The srimo crr>zy theor^s and the sflr.e discontented aelf-oetis-
fnction,"**) •'V?nity, nnllce, äqual bles, thooreticel Intolerance",
toiicur.te er, "In one' vnrd, lies end ctuplöity, ntupioity anc lies.
In such c(»Tpnny you cannot brentho freely^*** ) .
t
Aber nicht von jeclermnnn \mir'e dor Oekonoriist Vvon Bruenrel 80 hört beurteilt* Und die (Jesohichto seilst eilte seinem Ruf fuer einen Aup^enbllck zni^f Hilfe*
In diesen J^hr 104? berrann am Horizonte Knrl Usrx^ ploetzlich die Morpenroete zu gluehon#ll)io Boersen und Moerkte zweier j^ljon- tlnente bersten in einen veherienten Kjfrach urkd ala die Krinls voiruebor wer, ^^rstarrte das Wirtschnfto •System der Uelt in viiner 3v^:hi7eren Depression» 31e nchien aerrer zu fjein qln alle fruoheroa» Hehr Bank^ rotte nie bei 5r<^end einer fruoheren |iöp:*6o/ion^ L-ehr ceo^WLoa-»
*) S#H#Carr; Bakiinin p» 1^6
*) Otto Hulile: Karl Marx (The Nov; Homo Library^ Hev; York) p. 126 ) S.H.Crit: Bakunin, p, 1^6
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sene Fabriken und veroedende Bauplaetze* Mehr Arbeitslose^ Uiü vms noch deutlicher sprachs diese Depreaalon fol{;to der vorangegangenen in einem Abstand von// wenic^er als fuenf Jahren J Noch nie vmr die Aera der PruJuurilHHb so kurzlebig gewesen wie dieses ilal* Noch nie war ^'as System schon nach einer so kurzen Erholung v/iea er /kraftlos aufs Krankenbett zurueckf^osunken* -
!fun Y/phl, so v/nr es kla» genuß, dass das nicht Just eiiB der Rov/ohnten Öopj'tsjioucHi war.
Diesral hatte die Sache einon anderen Charakter^ "/^ Sichtbar fuer je'es Knße war dies cor Beginn der Aronie dea l)ourfjeoisen Systems, Vi/as vor sich frin^, v/nr jenes endRuoltif?;e peri- shinr, iicsolvinr, explodinr, das I'arx so beharrlich anf^ekuendigt hntte. Die ii«iuöylJl {»rSnul! Llui entwickelt z\x der unr;eheiLe*«- Groe sse von If^ll, vraren iri Befriff , die f^tie^ dea oekronomls.^hen Systems *^^^^
-öubio.'OK.'iil auceinfindorzusprenßen, Üor Zuntarü v/ar oeko nonisch^reif ^ev/orcien fuer rlen Darchbruch des Sbzielismus — und es ist die ''Reife»* des oekomiechen Zustande, yoti der alles abhaengt« ^No social ordor ever disaopears before all the productive forces for v/hich there is room in it hove developed, and now hißhor rela- tions of r>roduction never appear neforo the natorial conditions of their existence have rnatured in the womb of the old society* *•'*'} Der Sozialismus kann erst korimen, \i^osi in der; bisher igun System kein RauEi nehr ist fuer weitere i^odii^tivÄTi^^ö^ish^ \^^Tin es »»has reached maturity'**'^); wenn die conditions i ^are ripe or nt any rate have begun to ripen"«***) Umgekehrt, wenn dje oekonomische Reife einmal
orl I>!8ry: Piisfmie fco Cgitlque uf PüIILIuhI Kounumy ^*) Karl Marx: Capital, Vol. III* (Korr Edition) p* 1030
np tn rirltilfiMe of l^^^litlcel lituüuniy
222
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•rreicht Ist, dann koinmt der Sozialismus mit rnntheraatlacher Oewisskelt und Jetzt v/nr die Reife erreicht. Die foitnointllchaf depuw*
t
oiQR-^ die in Wirklichkeit das burstlnß asuhder wer, bewios es« Das
war es^ wns Marxens Wisr>enschaftl-
*««ir:aBiftu»ii
j>axvg oinSg
9<^Qryi| ihm vorauszusehen ermoef^licht hatten« Das v/^.r es, v/as nur er •Hein, kraft seiner Wissenschaft, vorauszusehen iirjstende gev/esen wer» Und da dieser Teil seiner Prognos^ä^ sich so deutlich erfuellte^ v/er konnte da noch laenprer zu bestreiten waren, dess auch der andere Teil sich erfuellen musste? Wer konnte Jetzt noch 1^:* enger glauben, dass die Revolution, die sich vorbereitete, dte niedere doznokratl- sche Revolution wer en wuerde, die Revolution No« 1, die halbe Revolution? Zmn l»uf Jtiag': ' aguAdüjpv p^ehoerte mit der Unvenieidlichkelt eines Naturfresetzes die hohe proletarische ' evolution. dia Revo- lution No# 2, die panze Revolution. -
Hun^^ert Jahre lenr v/erdken die Nachfol er Marxens bei jeder
x
neuen Depression aufs neue verkuenden^ dass es sich diesnal nicht um eine Deprej^sion, sondern um die ^Reife" und das burotinfr, ^handle. Jedesnal v/erden sie diskret darueber hinv/egf^^ehen, dass sie d«s ßleicheVinit ^er gleichen wissenschaftlichen Bestlraatheit schon beim vori/^en Mal vorteuandotony^Mlt bnooncioxioii Diokr> tion wordL,, -Bio daruebep hlnv'ep'ffehoni/dass Marx selbst f?uf Qruiid jiüIjbi' un- tfuofiillcrhon Wisoonnchnft BQhon dle| DaprooDlw^ von IBUlfK^ so inlier" pjetlurtu^ Aber ^e iot UelH aweifolj^ d- ss er dns tpt ^/Engels selbst ffab eg Jahrzehnte spaeter ausdruecklich/j/ zu. »»History proved us In the wronp**, schrieb er, '^and revealed our opinlon of that day as an Illusion. History mad^olear thnt in IBU^ tho stat4ji( of eoonomlc developpient was fnr frorj being ripe for the abolltion of capitallsm»**) iedr .Engels: Profnoo m fillarx :^(HaoB atrwuf!*^« in yrtiinoot^i Edition — '
) Friedr.Sngels
/
Es war, genauer gesagt, keine Illusion^ Bo wwr d ieVÄnwendunf^ einer Wissenschaft, der zu entsprechen die Tatsachen sich weigerten. Und Jedenfallß war es eine Illusion^ die schon in konmenden Jahr 18^8 katastrophale Folp;en i^ueg einan gangen Oentln>"jil| hntioi^ sollte i
Aber im Jahr 1847 erfuellte die anbrechende DepyocisiQn nicht nur Marx selbst mit besessenem t^ertrauen in seine \ViasenscXaft# Auch elnii^e andere begannen sich zu tvar.en^ ob dieser Kensch mit der '^Gelehrten Arroganzj^^ nicht v;irklich der erleuchtete Prophet 8ei# Der Vorstand des Bundes der Gerechten in London fand, dass die Proßjnosen des Oekonomisten von Bruessel sich zu verwirklichen begaennen. Und auf Jeden Fall musnte der Bund In diesen kritischen Zeiten irgend etwas tun, irf?;elid eine bestinate Position beziehen — und amn vurnigctea hatte dieser b^arx eine Position von rip^oroaester Bestiimitheit»
Der Vorf^tand der Londoner Gerechten sandte einen Bevoll- maechtigten zu iiarx» Sie orrerierten, seine Doktrin zu der ihron zu jnechen#ljsic offerierten noch mehr« Sie wollten die Initiative zur Versohmelzunp aller vorhandenen proletarischen Kraefte in einen einzigen •^Konjnunis tischen Bund^ ergreif en# Dio Gerechten von London, und die von Paris, und Marxens eigene BruDsreler Partei konnten en bloc in die neue Or.^anisation aufgehen» Auch
Trott Otxot^c^CiA.
auf einige a neuere kleine Gruppenv^in anr-eren Laendern war zu rech- nen. Aber bei den Deutschen brruchte nicht stehen geblieben zu werden* Der ••Kfirmunistische Bund'* musste erstreben, euch Grup- pen anderer Nationalltaet in sich aufzunehmen. Er konnte sich leiöht in eine internationale K'aoht entwickeln. Und wenn Marx
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22^
boreit vmr, alch an dicBen ßrooson Projekt 7Xl botollicon, oo vaior« de oichor er beauftmct uorÄon — v.or sonnt? — öna J'rorinin der noncn Ol?."pnlontlon, Ihr "Olnubonnbokenntnlo" ifUwli'iJ's: LCiufii. uio« >ef ■firrCTTj aiinzuf^rbolten« Mp.rx wir borolt«
Snncln r einte nach London zw einon'^onßrofjs'», auf doii der Fuaionn-Plcn oroo- tert \vur(lo. Die Dolecierten dor doutnchon Grup- pen rcprneH<mtlorteii zusnnmen aeuseerrtehfalla 300 r'.itf^llocior« Die Ropix'esontanton der Interna tionrlitr et reproosontlorten, rennu ßo- noBBen nlchtn. Sie bootnndon aus clnlfo In London lononuonNpester« relnhf>rn, Torhechen, Schv laern, Hiisnon, Unrern, Fl8:.on und Daenen, die, ^'ell Bio die deutccho Spreche vorntpn<lcn, bei den •♦Gorocliten" zu vor!:ehrr>n pflc-p;ton. Der ronrreas bofrruor.nte die Idee der Fusion^ ^^'^
kenntnla" oanzusrboitent 4e«4t f la, aw »»o- ^'^ 2v.-olte^r:oncroHO VT.«*^Ät endricltl'iq. leflchlucnre feaaen koonao^
?iicr die Dlos»ure wnr die Aunnrtoltune oinoa ko: r.unlji tinohon P««OÄ*s«cÄfi. Vreln l'robleri. Es stand In lh>-ea Toopfcn 1 nor fetit. ; Is Enr;ola noch .arls zurtiookrekchrt vrr, r> hriob or die 3nche in v;onl» ren Taren nlef""er^.r /mb aolnoij^ Entwurf die Fern einen mtechlsnuc, 25 Froren nlt Antworten, Kln rewlnoea iroblori begann fuer ihn erot, als dl© Crereohten von Pnrla unvomutct tos ;hlossen, olnc-n elcenon Vorpohlnf: In London zu unterbreiten, — urf pIs ale sich einen Text yon roneo T'ePR schreiben liescen und diesen nlt croscer rehrlielt ccceptiertenCJblueckllchorwelao \:vt ?.ncola Insv/lnchen In den Vor- Btonfl dec J p.rlnor Duni'os oufriononrion ro^flon, D^is Gmoen:liohte ihnj, en l'nnc zu borlchtont "^iultr bctwoon ournolvos, I have pleyed a
<<.
V
r
O
r
?25
Toxt iiDch Lon-
devolloh trick oa :.';onl"«*)/Sntc^f:on i;Q6 Hbachlucs cler~lJr,Gl van J-Üt-
ßlie-^orn .^'liluKLu nor vuriiuiml nicht doA i-
ooa^ aonrtorn "bohlnd thelr bnoka" den ISnnfilR* ^ "But of coui'oe'»,
• *
fuof^te ör hlnr;U| "not n öoul nunt notioe thlo or wo Ghali all bo deposod üLiid thoro vlll bc n doQcily rov/^«'^*)
Abor rwH* vor Bo.-inn deo av.olten Koncroones bcpjnnn 3oia oic^o- bor Toxt ihr. nicht nohr 2u f;<3füll6n# jür^riüirl di<t I^ii'n dur i i'eiu'M^
liclor /u: a«v;aridGln./iii ein^^IlnnilNiBt"* .jolbat ala Titel fand or ^jO^ocx^ munint . lanif est(^^*boo3or# y^pHPolo *I^.:üin^uu.i vor (.en /^)aßro9a orschiö- n^^üg crklaorteii aioi daas nur der Iniuiltp^nichl auino Foii:a| ondßUDl- tic 3eit Unter dioncra Vorbohiil/" v/urde or occeptisrt« l)or*^:.aii:iuni- stiacho Bund'* wurdo o:ui^^uolti<5 rjocruondot^ und die ♦•JJuern'-r ji-Uobo
U:it
* larx und
J.ncn lo*^\mr;lo:i bonuftra{!:t^ ohne^
Itoyguf; ein endf^uoltiRöS ^'Kor nnniatia -hoS LInnifoat*' iiu uoboraonvlen# Sic aot:'.ton sich in hrueaool zunai^ion an dio Arbeit#
Wotwendifjkoiten vcra hiodt^nator Art v;nren bui uor Arböit in
Aucc '^^u bchaltont Dno ITnalfoLt nuoiito TÜtgliodo " in den nouon Bund
«
lockon» ij'j iiuootm obochreci-ron von andoron üpiolurton doü Joainlianus« *o 'VI" ♦•" (Ion ]:oopfon dio pooDi'l.noii dü;f Ilarx^o .ho^ i.'lcuouuohnft
elnhr'e'.nGrn#
lilchtllnlen fufjr dio pmktifjthe .Mtiwitaet
enöhalto.a« Und kurz, loicht vorataendlich uid paokoad uuaato es sein«
f So kon oinc kijlne Broo huore zustande, «^ olny Art Fibül mit den
ThoLia: '.. ss Du wnohrsnd dea AoH^'^poos der herra^^hen on Ordnunc ^or«
Frlodr. •Jn.Tolai Brief an linrx vori 25. Okt. 18/*7
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tt
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ff
P3* nov^ 184.7
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reÄtonvölno zu cloriken \m<\ zu tun hrntl iia v;ar eine kor.plotto, ^aa- prlniorto, populnere Zusannonfnsnunc von allen, von die bolLon Jun- gon Literat! bis dahin i^j-ijfarouOt »ulailiiuuu uiid in ü ü'.uro^ Jpi'ueh»
ßOQohrlebon hattoti#
Sie benchriohon,wlo la aor öen hichto iMiior wiedor ol i Syntoö d©n nnleron r'ofol?'!i int, Je<lee nnch olnl'!or /^elt wl.; or vorrichtet von don owl • vm<!hneni8n ]t>4'oAuiaiuu^ foi'ooi plus don Aufatand der ex-
m
ploitiorton ^Inoao, Sie boa hrle' an, v/lo auf e^on dJeoe /elao vcr
-.oro thnn onn hu.idred yenrn" dlo r,ef!em7aertlt^o Ordnung: ool- . bep — "^ B^urf:eoi3lo, S3f)fapitnl" — aus der Aanhü iXor fouda- , listlachen Ordnunc onporstlor:, 3le boaolirioLon, \/io «tsgöjl^'VLrcooialo, /j^ipitnl'^ dnnn »»thn ßiant lao'loi-n induatry" ontv/lokeltö und "ac-
äfiiA
V. cömplishod v/on^ora far aurpasginc Er^rptlnn pyraiiids niid Gothic cathe- dralg". Sio bon hriebon, vvio null v/iodor die I3ou7-n©oisio ihrorfieits ^t M^eAufeu " ^ .^-1-W.^51J^^^, ,er fortoc.hroitenden Ro-
volto oov/ohl Ihror i^-oductlT£>?rWfrö* wie ih:or exploltiorton Alao- ^^7 o<ö K.,a.-.>i-r^n,>Y.n. v/lft die Vomichtun,': doli /(r.pitr.lia tischen ßy-
?-x--
O
gtons "^'li ivil.ir. Oii l'Afo.'. '^^^ <^yoof, und wie »'tho frdl of tne boui*- eeoioio nnd tho victory of tho p-olotcriat aro equally ifiovlt- blc." Sie ninchton ßobrnuch von b (.nerl-onsv/ortcn 'i.'tioraoii. Trotz Ihror Verfohrrinr J(3<^03 •♦Gofuehlskor-nunlnnufi*" arbtdtctori nie hior nit Wf-
furiOBen Appellen «na ^'ofuehl — nur d«ss ai' rieh nl-ht RH dns Gefuehl der Liebo, aondorn nn dro doa noosoo v/unöten. Aus den entloroanton TUokon holten ale Beoehuldicunron horbel, die iraoa ('Of^en *<5io Bonrfreolslo, «'.tf. Capltnl* zu on/eoken vf^rsprachen. "The bourcooisle h'5S rtrlnpod of it«a halo evory occupation hitherto honourod onl
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227
looked upiv/lth revoront av/e»" "Tho bourreolsio hcß torn ov/ay
fron tho farally Ito oontlnontal vell, and hos re<5ticod the fanlly to Q nere nonoy relRtlon#*' ••Tho bourf:?ooiB aeoo in his v/lfc a mere laotruriont of productlont'' ••The bourjieoio take the c^entoot plensuro in oeduclnr oech othor^s wives« Bourßoolo nnrri^lac;o io in reality • Gyeten of wivee in conriont** Noch dioker quolnte der Rauch iheer morcliochon Vordanmnis^ v;orm dia Grouel dor Bourßooioio v/ider (3bq ffennlnved proletoriDt** ßoschildort vmrdoni dio ••evor decrceninc
w^pres^*! dio ••evor increaoin«^ burc'on of toil»*# Aber Betominieron dio iron lairo nicht unerbittlich df!0 uraohoinon uiid doo V>'n'Qh9tt -UAd dio ArWuer Systene? Schliosoen dio Iron low nicht Jeden froion WilloHi Mxt äanit Jede Schuld^ und danit alle ethis hen Verdicte aus? Uns v;nr die Doj<(trin« Hier fnndon nie on nuotzlichg eine Dosis von Dokt in zu opfern| und zu orcotzen du: eh l^onacociOt
alo vonvlcfcolton oic:h in beriorl^enov/orte irlorapruecfto* Dno Ifenifoi^erklnerte KriefT bis nufs Meoser nicht nui* der oberen Bour^ peoicie* ^ orklüorytQ Krio(j nlt faat noch wildoren Ilaao üllon Be- sitzorn mittleren und kleinen KißentuiiS •• ••the lov/or nldilo cleoSp
tho onnll nonufacturer, the skopkeepor, tho artiaani tho pöcsont''. Sit allovbiö nufo Blut ••reoctionory** zJbDk uiic^: FQuatilzor clon IJiijontunai
a4ftfrfAbcrJ^ donn wieder oopte d^o ünnifont nn oiner encioren StollOp
dnso in vielen Laendorn allein die pemnntf»^ eine oiiizir:u dieser
Gruppen^ •♦conatitute far noro th^n hnlf of* tiio populntion^^# Ilun,
allein no zahlreich sind^ wie konnte v;onn s^hon die penaanta fKKKapim»miil[Mimy*immpi>Baliifci-M]t dann
J^ an oinor dritten stelle roaaf't v/<>'den^ doso ••prlvnte proporty la
C)
/
228
C
^
alrondy ^lone ovmy v;lth for nlnc tenth of tho populaLion»^? UjuI wIg
o
:en Stelle P*onnrt v;r»rden, dno
'Ot
jpytt.i^
Heu
ßiMM4^ ,
T)
M
31o llenocn bere2"konov;orto Liieckon offont V7or oinon Coirila hlnnu9v;1rft| denrnn Fehler unortmecli^'h Geworden nind^ kennt dao RlclkO| dnas/ der npeoliote ^ornniß noch unortrnocli^-hero ^ ohlori solen GS nuch im'ere^ hob-n v/lrd# Ktonno hioi'# Gcmuoct os /-u 2(%l£;cn^ daos dps botürrnolne :ivr»ten voll» v«^ üob ein Int. und dasö drs Boziollti*- sohe ov.cTtern von dlonen aaerillchon üeVeln frei ooln v;ird? j^o ffOfiMopit *toAn(»flwo«'fl( üGlbst v;orm d.in cozolf!t ißt, bleibt noc^4 Ir^'.er die Frcco» ob rle"-. r^o?.!'--!'- -tlsf^hsn nynten ni<^.ht ol/^one, Rndoro, binher lno7:l- Btente Uobol lnne^70hnon, — und nocrllohon/olse vlol nor'-ere als dlo pltonrB^s v/pp bereits zur; Korn ^ller ^^rnsthRften Dlskvisslonon uoVer den Sozl^^llsnus C'^v/or^en — • UJi^ es v;ij»d dor Kern fuer r>llo
«
Zulnmft bl^l^nn# y^bor dlo Vn-fnnnor der I^nnlfontoo i^'i^chton vor diooor
wichtjr;f5ten Prnre Halt -- \an(^. sie verölen Ihr {jrtnaes Jiebon fortlb hren,
vor Ih^ Ilfllt zu riflchon» ttn fne^ifc^dng : onorrno des Innifoütos
alt den Ak^ rl«r Hcvolutlon«| r'^r-i nr onnuodt; of iinllti
(ü>oJli'H.^eA laß TDra\üt"rii-*i'* n-ifl rtrr wr'''V*'"i '^ „ *''^' . j i jt j<^-»n^>- r-b tmd
kurz unfl buon^i^ ^j^.t, Gluock, und brjon.lor© Eroertorunccn uobor die De teils dlf^nes f'lnooks v;r>ren ucborflucnGiG»|J'i-ht einiial d'to Detail noi nn Dnr.okrntle, ouf dca die i'^oit r,o loidonsrhrftlich kon;:entriert
{
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229 wer, sohlon booomloror Eroertorun-^cn su beduorfcn* Slcher| was an fort- Bchrlttllche Ooiater appelllorlJon oolltO| nuoste nlch als r^.onoIcrQ tisch auowelaorii und einmal kam das V/ort De3nokratlo unter den 12tOO0 Worten do3 Itenl^eotos vor# •'The f<>rnt otop in tho rovolution", oocton die Vtfrfnnser, ^•la to ralae the proletnrinn to the pooitlon of rullnp; clasß| to oatablloh donocraoy*'# Abor die Herrschaft einer olnzinon Claose war nach allen pueltlron Dor^lrfen nicht nur nicht ßloichbedou- tend mit Denokrntieg aondorn rundv/oß das Qeronteil dnvon# Wo Cer. Wort ei: no ext en nouor Sinn un*.orochoben vnirdOi nchien eine naehoiB Krkloerunf^ unoo anrobro^^hter/t Die Autoron ^.oo LiQnifoc.teö zocon vor^ zu '^.or elncHi vortiob'^ rhu55ohon on Wort keino \vcltero Silbe hinzuzufue-
r
ren^ ^nd die Luarlre klaff nn ou lacioon^
«
Unso bestlmtcr boghriebon sie den Vorlauf der kommenden He-
*
volution# Eg '^ab Unterschiede zwlo-hen den Lncndorn# In F: ankrolch konnte die Revfclution nicht verfehlen, von Anfang an die ranze, pro* letaris he zu a<^in# In Deutachland nuonte de Serie dor Erelcnl£5flo mit rlner hnlben, bourcooisen Revolution becinnon — aber das, keine Anrst^ ^v;lll pwi but the pr^lude to nn 1* media tely follov/inc proletar'an revolution** • Kbenso/ klar w^^ren die Fronten In dienen üovolutlonen
c
vorn usbonti: ritt In Doutnohland wrir die
Bourgeoisie In ersten
Stediun d-r Vorbuendote, in zv;oiten Gtadiun
dor Feind,
/
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230 In Frankreich v/ar dor Feind in jedoLi Aucon-
die Verb uende ton dagegen
^4e iüs-feli^ b«ugf<;
blick die ^»uuiii^i Bourgeoisie«
die deriokrati:.che Poeudo-üGzialir^ten
Louis BlancT
|l)os alles v/wren rJrkenritnlsse»
die die beiden Autoren aus ihrer V;issenschaft schoopftcn^J)
dcp Autei'iit
Al3 sie CS niederschrieben, waren sie sioher, den richtir-^en Fahrplan der »spannahannttn.
nlederzuaohrelben.
Und sie fuofjton unverßossliche ychlaf^vorto hin^u — und die besten waren gerade gut genug, sie nahiiion sie, wo sie sie fanden, 'J'sie schrieben: "The prolotariaiij haTO nothing to ^se bat tiioir oIuOm cheins," Des war von Llärat,*) dem grossen Terroristen der f ranzoe - slschen Revolution ffsie noiiriebenj »»The workinrjnoli have no country," Bas V7er wieder von Marat,**f]rBie sclirieben von der "exploitatlon of p.en by men"» Dos war von do.-i 3t. Simonie ten Bazard,***)
n Ic ftfiVi
ttgOp»
■boieftfl <¥»
"iJho 0.
|sie r.chrieben: "VJor-
kingrien of all countries, unitel" Dns vmr von dorn deutscherij Studenten
Schapper, der es vier Monete zuvor in London hatte drucken lassen,*****) 'TaIs sie fertig wnren, konnten sie sich sagen, dass etwrs Besseres fuer den ^weck kaum zustande zu bringen gcv/esen waere. Es v;ar eine schmetternde Fanfare. Das Manifest v/»r in der Tat des d. >vzice Werk
O
♦) zitiert ^n Sombart, Der proletoriüche Sozialicuus, Land 1, p
n • " »«jA p
^■-.Int üaul..liuiiLiJ I "* " H,4miMM in Tf<M iilrrw<Hh ♦**♦*) Quo t a v :.:oy e rTTr i edr . Engels (Aiaeric. Edition) p. 85
363
ff
307
mi^
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o
231
ihrer Feder, des wlAlicti populaer v/erden sollte •• nicht sofort, aber
im Laufe der Jahrzehnte #
Im Januar I84.R war es vollendet und Engels fuhr zurueck nach Paris • Der Sand in Stundenglas yluoeltir^ fy^(U cu^^» ^
An H» Januar IP48 nahn er Contaot nit der Partei, die zum/In
'^t^.
Frankreich vorbestimmt war» Die Partei Louis Biancas machte seit Be- ginn der Depression merkliche Fottschritte in der oeffentlichen Gunst,
denn sie hatte eine fascinierende Shezialitaet« Sie bot sich nn, die Arbeits los ifsjkeit zu ueberwinden* ^Fetna- f üer^allel Jobjs ^fuer^alle, er-
klaerte sie, k<^nn*4« pes thaffen werden durch eine geplante Ookonomie
^. •/
der Partei.^
.tiatly4 ~ •^orf^anisntion du travail'' tionaux^tjjM/Flocon, den En/J^els besuchte, war der zweite Chef " Aber dos Gespraechvvorlief enttaeuschendt Joriehr Einblick in seine Ideen En-^els proben musste, umso ablehn: xider v/urde sein Gep;enueber»
l(^/Flocon aus. ^Vous tuerez la
•♦Vous tendez au despotismel", rief
» <#.« 9
/
revolution fln FraAcel Nous avon onze millions de petits paysans, qui sont en meme teraps les proprietaires les plus enraj^esp'*')
<»^V^iftn r^lft
^caün, (!i6 g ich a» üJil)uLuu,eUei als
Am 23* Januar 18^B definierte Enrels in der ^Bruesseler Zeitune** mit abschliessender Genauigkeit das Problem des Vorbuendeton in
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Doutn hlnna, .Tnvrohl, eo »« notxmnäiß. In uroton .'itnaiuri cor deutochen Revolution Ilnnd In Hnnö nlt dor oboion BourßeoiDle zu arbeiten« llxir sie vr.T lr.iatanflo, dlo Macht do3 Koenlßß und doQ Adeln zu zerbrochen, unl -l"0 "nr rJi" Mn^ntn^hrll-^h? Y'-^r^TTr'gil^'i"r^ Aber .toboli''. die Dour- geolnie dlont^w Henjmilj ljuuuitlp;<| haben v/lrd, v/lrrt daa Feuer ßoßon
b1« aolbot
eroeffnot worden» '.'/ir worden oio, nicht sie
uns bcnuetzt hoben.jGlnubt nicht, Ihr donokrnt lochen Bourceoin, rief F.nrolf' f^usp dons v/lr fuor Ruch arbeiten» "You should reolizo it io for US thrt you nre workinr» Flßht on brcvoly, thon, r;ontlonon of thc cnptitoll Wo noed your help, \vc ©ven nood your rulc on ocoosions» Ton nunt clor^r fron our poth tho rolica of tho I'iddlo nros and abnolute nonnrchy« ßut renonber, tho hanCian'o foot ir> on thc throch- oldl"*) Sg blieb u:iboto nnt v/loviole der öo^ioicrntit'Chon BouTGOOlsio in Deut Chiana den Brtienaeler Artikel zu Geoicht bekoiien« Diojo- nirrn, dio ihn Inson, konnten^ s hv/orlich in ihrori Eifer fuor die
derokrntinche Revolution bogtoorkt v/orden nein» Illonr-nd
^t^ ovuc €{(M*. -Iffcx^M
L moti<Mi
ihr «Verk iwllkanon unnbhnonciß von den in und Willen yollfuohPonj/ bmunht.ry :nrT»l3
Der 10. Fobrunr 184ß v;pr ein r^utor Tnf?. Der An\'alt| der nlt Ur.rx* .Mutter VGrhnndelt hatte, Iccto ihn 6.000 ROldnc Fmnos auf den Tisch/, TrtrffToil von "nein Vomooron" ^" der rroeuje.u lull ■ -j wur- de Ihn fiuor^«- zahlt« Hno Geld ken in ri<:htiren Au.;:cnblick»
1
4
♦) Gustav llover: Friedrich Encole (Anorlocn Kdition) v 90/91
(
Denn^ 22. Februor 1848 Rob eo Kreinnlooe In Paris, mit donon fuer t!ßnc, und ouch fuop Kiiropo, oino turbulonto 7,olt be»TRnn»
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^ Massen von Menochon echobon sich tun 22# Februnr 1848 durch
dlo otrnonen von Paris«
Der Stron hntto anfnnRs die Hichtunc noch flon Oobaeude, in den das prosse Bankett mit clon grosaen Tischrednern hatte statt- finden sollen» TTun die Rer:ie: ung zum oroten Mal die y\bhaltune eines i^enkettes verboten hatte^ ••solbot dieses •^nodc^riorton^ Bankettes — wollten die I^ensohen seheng v/ns sich ereißnen vniordo. Wuordcn die Voran^talter den Vorbote trotzen? Wuorden dlo grossen Re^^nor, Kitplio^.er öor Karxior und unvcrletzlich| mit polizeill* eher Go\*/alt an Betroten deo Saales gohlnd rt werden? Ura dos zu be- obßchteni und un ein eir;nes Woertchon dn^^u zu saceni set^ en sich die oroten Gruppen In I!nrsch#
Haehrend sie v;andorten| wurden sio zahlreicher • Die Strassen ver?^ topften sioh# Die Flut quoll vorwrorts in die vors hiodens ton Richtungen« Sic - uche und wuchs« Ks v:nron ^liüpUeepi i'gl Handv/crker^ Studonteni Arbeitnr — es vrren Mltpliec'or oller nooclichen Nuaan- cen von pcheiren Oeselln^^hften und ^lubs •• es wnr das Volk von Paris« Vor der -ieitunr der buorrorlichen Oppositioni die Lo Na* tlon^l hles«! riefen sie ••Vivo la Republlque dcnocrntiquel'* Vor dor ^eltunr Louis Biancas und Flocon^8| die La Rofome hJ9 ss, rle-
fon sie '•Vive la nepubli ue deioeivitiquo
sooialol^ Vor boidon
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riefen sie ••A bao Ouizotl" und •^ive In reforriel^ Und viele be- schraenkton sich nicht nuf i'ufe« In Situationen v/io diosor hatten / die larisor seit Jrhrzehnten eine Tradition« üahlroiche Haonde be* ^^annon, Pflnstersteine euozureissoni Baoucio zu ib elloni 'ueeon un*
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zuotuelpon — liarrikadon zu bnuorit
Auch fuor dlo HOir^leBunr: rrnb on in Sltu!?tlonon v/lo dlocor olne Tradition — unrt dro wnr, dio MQtlonnl-Cnrde einzuberufen» Fonao- tlonon f^.oT roeulceron Amoo bofandon sich In dor otodt — abor^ sio v/nron nicht schlrcich, und dio roculcero Amoo noron dio Ein- v/ohnor zu vorv/ondon, nalt urbcpdios ala dio v;lldoGto Ilorauofor- Gorunr» Dio IJntional-Gtiräe dorenon \mr dio populaoro, bcruhlronde Ornpnlsotlon» Sio v;or dio Bovoolkorun/: oolbct, — bravo, uoborlo- ponde FnnllienvftGtor, kein -^b darunter, nicht olnr.ol Arbolter.
Die Netlonalfrardioton kenon e.m neechsteu Ilorcon zu ihron iian-
4
■elplrotzon« Cr©v;ehre und Patronen wurden ihnen a uo sehn enc' igt» Abor die^^onlr'en Ihr^^r Offizioro, dio lojrolo Roynlinton vr ron, nusatoa
4
die Woiaholt dlosor nevraffnunr von dor'orston linutc an bo2x;olfoln. War dione nuorrlecho, fluofitorndo Truppo vorlnoonlich? Alo sio auf- nors'^hlorto In den Stranoon, die nc^h a'^hv/nerr^or v/rren von Ilenechon ala nn Tar vorher, hoorto die Fruf^o auf eino FroGo -^n ocin« Die %tio:Blmräioton taten das Goronteil -w-r— Trn, v;ro sie tun oolltcn, Sio selber riefen »^ivo \p rcfomol" In eoochlooconon Konpacnlcn be/'annon nlo sich solbor an Darrikcden-B^u zu betoilii^icn» Von dieser Stuüdo an •»-•usste non in Palast der Tullerlen, dass dioc kolno De- monstration, r.onclern dlo Hovolution war« >
Vor dori Konnip erhoben sich dio Oeaponstor von V?€S) unfi 1830. E^ t«t das Uoblicho« Dns Ministerium Guizot wurde haatlp ontlaoson, «W Gin neuos, liboroloo ernannt, flfio Hochricht, die oilic In dor Stadt vorbroitot vnirde, verkohlte ihren Zv;eck, Die Massen vmi'den nfftht ruhirrer, in «^eriontoll, sie begonnen, sich ref'on dio Tullerlen selbst In Bov'orunr zu setzen. Dor Aurenblick ken, in doD zu ontscheidoi
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\jf\T^ Ob dlo roßulaere Truppe ßchioGGcn sollo#//Loul3 Philippe von Orlonns Gntn^^hlodi cl bb aio uin kolnen Preis Fjchienoon duerfo^ son*
^
dorn nich lonßsnin naf des Ochloos zuruectrzuz lohen hebot Sin Lava* stron von Mfinochen drueckte oino duorine I^'öuer von Soldaton waohrend ütunc^on und Gtunr^en »Schritt ur: Cchrltt ruock\:norts« Und dann knolltOi v;io Iriror In solchen r-onontoHi doch ein Schuss^ und d«nn oine 3al- ve, und fuenfzehn Leichen Inr^n in Tuilerla-G^^rten, uni^. nofort v/iirdon rogtjr dlo Leichon noch au einen letzten Dlonrit fuor die ^^ovolutlon inoblllsiert» Tan lu^ nie auf Kai^ren* Hin Zur. von Zehn- touflontieni Gov;ohr ueber die iJchulten und duoütcr brennende^ Fackoln
«
In don ÜGOndon, fuohrte die stuinon Opfer doo koonlcllohoa Blut- durstoa dur^h dlo i5tadt4Dio VJ it wirde kochende Dlo r>nf:;o schickte slr^h nn, die Tuilorlon zu .stuoriion« Der KoonlCi un'":obon von olnor rotlooen Fanilio uid rotlon.)n nat.coborn^ onh an dor l/and don ochntton einen /?ev;lnoon 3chQffotiD.Sr hoorto dlo :^>iJ<fo3 olnon \i1jj') "mi ProzeogeOp In don snin olf^onor Vater fuor don Tod des Vottero von iCflLghaji 3ourbo1|f ffiüappsuliwia bntte« Er ochrieb^ nuf oln Gtic ck Papier oelne Abdankung zu^unoton solTen unrnuondi-^en Snl:ol3# '\ber Pnrls v/ollte kolnen Snkel, eonclorn die Republik«
If^ Palrlo Bourbon rulrlto ein /^neleonhnufon von von/irrten inlnPorlnricnt» Die Abdnnkunc vixrde;
^ IHK/ OhAukU/^
mit r^cn Snkol orochlon li Saol#
'T*An
runr' ueborbrecht# Die ^v.^ttiwlt i-xi^ Sie otollto sich In clon Schut:^. des
Ruohrendo
Hoden jaßton elnnndor« Ruldlctunn fuer den KoonirTG-Knebent /4tsprnche uebcr die Elnsotzunc einer neuen IJoclerunc« Abor die OT)T)Ooltlon vrer bereits nlhht mehr In Saal# Und auf Jeden Fall war
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die Zolt fuor dlosos Porlonent ebenso obprolnuffm wlo'/düo FCoenlgtun* DoD Volk von Pnrla olckerto In don 3nnl . shopkooporn , nrtisnns, Arbeiter, atudonten, Notionnlmrälsten« üio Voraannlun" ondote«
iiio hütto in dor Tat nichts nehr zu tun« Eino andere Auto- rltnet v;nr bereits conotltuiort.jDie Hodöktionon von Lo "atlonal und La Hofomo hotten dno üchlokanl Frankroichs in dlo liand ßenoD» r.on. Bio hattq. untor sich oino provisorische I-icßlörunr: aus Ihroa ei'^oncn Kreis voreinbnrt, j^n ihrer Spltaei^von dor oinon 3eito der Dichter Alphonse de JLanertlnei von <ler anderen Louio ölnno unfl Flo* con« Die so ImT^rovisiorte rirovlBOPJioohoa Minister hotten sich Ido rotte
/
ir Hotel d« Vllle Inotallicrtt Dort hatte Louis Blanc dor llengo
die Liste der neuen Heßlerunp vorßeleseni und Jeder Noinen vmr e/^lrniort v/or^len — bio zun Sclilnae Rufe kalten, die l30ul»>
-<A
/
&^€Hi0( zur^rot nicht vorstandi nlM» donn eis ^Albcrtl .Xbcrtt^ Ideii* tif izlerte#TKi* vmasto nicht | v;er Albert v/r^r, niemand v^n don neuen Klnistern vms^te es# Kn kein herous, doss es ein junpor Arbeiter \r:irf ein iloclianlkor, «:or sich euf oon ütresaea waohrcnd der letzten achtundviorzir Stunden einen Ruf ßeschnifen hotto# Die /rbeiter in rier Menge verlangten, dnss eis ein Vertreter ihror selbst euch Albort zuTi lünlster ßoriocht werde« ^Les yeux hualdeii, avec uno invincible emotion***) i fuc^ßto Louis Blnnc den Honen cclnor Liste hinzu« Unci so v;nr Frankreich Jetzt r-^ßiert von oinen provisorl- scheh Kp binett von 7 moderierten Republikanern und ^ sozio li:?tl- schon P.epubliknnern, -- einer/ davoni zun ersten I^al, ein ♦ret^ie^f /^ r o le tn r i er •
o
*) Louis Blanol Pare^d'Hiotoire de la Revolution de Fevrier lß^8
P. 20
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Dor Koenifi: und seine Farailie fuhren unbeloestict nach London
■
ab« Die Republik vaarde proklnniart; die Freiheit der Presse; des Wahlrecht fuer jodonr.ann; dio schnellste Abhnltunf? von üahlen fuer eine j/orfasaunf^^gebonde Natioual-Ver8ar.ji.ilunc. /uwloraj uuuüll- Wcjil ujtiuiuil ajfltfiubly]! die schlounisete Sinrichturv: von "atelier
nationaux" zur Aufsouf^unr der Arbeitslosen. Parin atroente uebor Ton Triumph und Uoffnunp« VnzM r,o ohne /^ahl» Feierliche Pflnnzunß von FroiheitsbneuLKm.ljPariH utroomto auch u ;-b|^ von Ideenj — und es vjar hauptsoechlich dor Arbeitcr-So^^ter, aus den v/eitore Ideen kamen. Der bAtfr^'^erliche Jektor wer zufriedonnes teilt duroh die Btablierunf": des denokra tischen Mechanismus — aber hi Arb iiter-
«
Öe/tor wurden Ideen geboren, die den Erfindern drinr^end genug er- schienen, lun noch vor >:tablierun^ der neuen Leealiteet verwirklicht zu v/erde n.'jkap' sein, dass A,^itatoren einen Einfluss dabei hatten, ^enn die Agitation hoerto nicht auf in der Stunde nnch den 3lef;^ — und nicht der serinf^ste der Agitatoren war Bakunin. 3r v;or seit
Be?;inn der iärhebunp nicht nehr ous den Kleidern {^ckonjuien, md hatte
von an ieder Strassenecke Heden HMüaliiiB vulkenischem Feuer erhalten
und er fuhr auch Jetzt damit fort» »Iwhf.t a rmriW rief der neue,
revolutionaere PolizeipraesidentM "On the first day of a revolu-
tion he is a perfeot treasure; on the second, he ought to be shot,"*)
Aber v;ns iiiner die Ursache,
^on der ersten Stxinde ab kamen un-
ablpesslg Arbeiter, einzeln und in Haufen, zun Sitz der neuen Re- pierunf^, und truf^en weitere Ideen vor. Und es v;er iinnar Louis Blanc, an den sie sich wandton, und der dann mit ihren V/uanschen in die pemionente Sitzung der Minister zuru eckkehrte.
*) E.H. Carr: Bakunin, p. 150
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Die Forrterun^ vmrfio vorr<^trnfron, dnss auch Arbeiter In dlo Wptlonol-Onrdo puf^rnomen worden muo89ten# Dna I'lnlütcrium schrieb f\\\f (1er Stelle ein Oeflotz, dp.s^ eile rofortlro Blldunr ^Inop nobailoa Wötlonnl-G'^rf'e.nufl Arbeitern vorfuof:to, — besonders aus solchen, die ß.ix3h wRohrend der i^cvolutlon auoreaelohnet hetton«
Klne öoputatlon vcrlan^ito die sofort l^n AbschnffunrT der Amut« Alf! Blf>nc dnrleprte^ dceo dos Zeit erfordoro, f»evinohrto ihr Fuehior elno Frißt, In vollendeter lltoreriachor Fornul lorunr erklaerto er 3 Ich bereit, "to place thrc© nonthc of/ poverty at tjio oorvice of tho -ier^uMlc*"
«
Elno bedrohliche Fi/nir mit funkelAden Aur;on drenp ein in die 31tzunr. hieb d n Oewohrkolben ouf den Tisch und fordorte, dosn lodomrnn nicht nur t^tanechllch ein n Job erhelto, sondern dnon ein Oeaet^ oin fucr ellonal .ledonnnnnß Recht nuf oinnn Job
1
atlT)ullere« Dns Kr.blnett ^schrieb nlt flior-ondor Hond ein Goootz
Eine MonRo kam nlt einer hoGoncloro uoberraschendon Idee« 8io voTlnnrte^ d so elno nouo Föhne einrofuohrt ;;orclet Die Trlcolore, sertG ihr Cprochcrt sei dr^duroh ontntanrlon^ Aaoo v;oohrend der Wirren ron 17f^9 des Bleu-Rot des "dritten ütandee" von i'orls nlt den Weiss der Bourbononj^ voreinict wurde, — die Tricolore simbol Is lere mit- hin dio fonerchlo und die Trennunp dos Volkes in unt' rochicdliche Staenrle« Stett dieser Föhne des nntlonolen Zv/ia t es, ork leerte der Sprecher nuense .letzt eine Fehno der netionnlen Einholt oinno« fuchrt v/cr'cn — eine Fahne, die nu." aus einer einzißon Ferbo bo- stehe — und dlo rlohtice Fr rbe dnfuor sei rot, denn rot sei die pehoilißte ffrnnzooslDche Farbe» Rot, "c^etoit le droponu d% aaulois.
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240 c^otait l*et¥n(lard historique sous lequel nee peres avaient lutto contre Rone et^ jugnu^a Joanne d^Arc, contre leo AnßlolQ^^*)/^Soher- fe Ablehnung' erhob nich in der Minis ter-3itzun?:. Die ruhnreiche Tricolore abschaffen zugunsten den verschollenen Rots -- v;as sollte dieso epo nky^ blesphonische Idee? Tj^nnnilsnr Bi^ Lariartine, der ge- feierte Historiker der rrirondins, explodierte. Sin jZ|oripromics er- ledigto die Frare» Eine Proklaiiation wurde geschrieben, v/orin die provinorische Kecior\ins empfahl, unterhalb der Tricoloro kuenftig-
hin rote Schleifen
anzubrin^^en, und rote Kokarden in
Knopfloch zu troffen; Synbole der neuen nationalen Einheit#
Ja^ es v;aren
f;:^andiose Ta^e in Paris — Tage unt^mess-
licher üner{5ie, unemesslichor Leidenschaf t, unerr^asslicher Phan- tasie und llofifnunf:« Und als die Kunde von Ten Kreirrnissen durch Europa lief, bef^ann von Paris 3 ine Vibration wie vom 'iientrun eines Erdbebens nuszuf:ohen# Dd4 Oo.iultteo des ^Konnuni^/ischen Bundes^ in London war wohlberaten, als en fand, dass es in diesen- aterrilosen Ta^en nicht mehr die Fun/tion einer •♦Zentral-Behoerde ausueben koenne« Dio^Zentral-Dehoerde^ des Koinrn/rtlisnus musste sich jet;:t auf den /fontinont, in nr^ochstor Naehe der Eroicnisse befind en#//D^ <?opig mittoe der Ortsgruppe London trat zusannen, und schrieb^ tro;iitz seiner revolutionneren Erregunß ein Protokoll von dcutnchur^r- rey^theit. Eg uebertrur: die Hechte und Pflichten der •'Zentral- Behoerde" auf Agft Ooiiüjitlee' der Ortspiruppe Bruessel#
Die Krregunr in der Bruessler Ortsgruppe v;ar nicht geringer* Marx erste Sorge hatte der Verpflanzunf^ der Revolution auf das
*) Louis Bland Partes d'Histoire de le Revolution de Fevrier I848 p*4'
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«11 m ynhti«e "llbcralo I»!usterlRnd" i elplon geßolton« Er hielt Sl» taun/-»*?!!. deren Thoraa die Bov.-affnuiv: dor Bruooslor Arbeiter vmr«*? iCboT tvtnpieohlloh x^'olltn er nach Pnrlo, Ins Zentrum der •:rolenlQse« Do dpn/Jlroi ,Tnhro nlt'j^T'orbot soines Aufenthaltes In Krcnkrolc^ forrcll noch btntoncl, hf^tto er olch durch die Pnrloor Gonoooen be» rclta olnc "..ilnladun^ der rovolutlonoeron neßlorung vorcchnfft. Nach Paris V/Ollton o^onso ouch dlo neiston dor Liternton, «11« d e/BriD S|^- soler Kor^-.unictln^he Orts/ruppe ^»<^Qton — und nussto rion, ouoFor« den, nicht vorrussohon, dooo Bol{»ion jot'/t olle ounlnomllcchon P.evolutlonoore bol l^fhrnr «rsten Hcnanf' nu8\ol8on vrorde? Auf ollo Fnolle bofond die Bniennler Ortsrruppo sich In 'er Aufloeeune./iJle
zur-, letr.ten I'f»l susaraen, und In oinon nicht wonlnor ^rt»ekton Protokoll uotertrur nie Ihrorsolto die Pechto und Pflichten der Zentrf'l-Hohocrde ruf dlo ierson Ihres Pr^eGldonten« Und doo Pro- tokoll fuopto hln7Aa, dasn Mrnc seine "dis/^rctlonnoro Gov/Glt" su clnor ^rtnrchnuo enornln-hon Loltunr deo I'-undos" von/enden noof?o, *r.'lr dlp> rerom-^ortl''nn ürptnende sie unbedln^-t or hülse hon. ""TS J Ir hptto nun In nller Fom dn llonopol — aovolt t'or I'.lnriusB des
Kflrr.unlstipnhen Bunden reichte«
Ünn Protol^oll v^r keine Minute zu fruoh r'eo^ hriet on vrardon. Esv' v.T.r kenn trockon, dfl v/urde Mrrx die Ordre zurcatellt, Beißion tixmen ?U Stun.'ien zu verlcnso« tJnd Rchllnnoroo f olßte ./tU': 1 Uhr nerhÄ k^iH ein nufrorocter Pollzol-Connlr.Bnr nit unlforr;lorter Bef^lolttin^, und nnhn Ihn nit zur Profectur, — uitl ohne Jedes ge- r.etr.liche xCncht vurde er hls zim Korfren dort fogtroholtcn. Donsel- ton o'^hlcksnl vcrf Inl Frpu Jenny.Sje \mrde von dorn oufreroßtea Coo-
Oesonteuof'ebe, 1. Abtoilunc; ?• Bond p« 587
\^Jioj^^ CJlM>t<^ ^ü>»&%
«A^ ^ i7p7!1,u^~\ 2
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;Jüuqc^ uofTnr einen "brüte len, absprA«! und Innolonton*' Verhoor unterzoßon, und \/cohrond dor ötiinuen bis zu ihrer Sntlnsnunr* nunot^? slfs sich In gleichen Houe nlt allerlei zv;elfol»u',fton Volk .'aufholten. 3ho dio l^nnille den Zup mch Perie bentlrr, hntto I'nrx noirh r.olt, seine Frcuntio von doa^Vorfoll in Kenntnis ?n "etzen. Un<l^ l.-' Pnrla «nfrekorinon, o« hrleb or fuer La Pftforric sofort olnon nuafuehrllchen Articel uobor die "poi^socutiono (5ont noiir -vona e^^e spec ir Icr.ont l»objet"^ und uobor dio "/areur roao
tionnolro", ^Ao "brutrilltc' Inoule»»*), die dio bel^ic h© iiGgiGrunc an i*r' pusrotobt hette. Und c.irna z\;« iten schickte er einen. BruB sslor Blatt**}, VnC 7.nrcle ncticktc olr^^n an eine ZciVdiic ir. London'j[ünd er erhob sich rln betrr.ochtllch'r Sturm in Braenccl. Die Kcflerunc wurde ir Tarlaxant ^vegen dos J'ftlls von f laf:rant; r Geeecüloaif^olt interpelliert. Der r/lnloter vcrteirtlcte eich« Br vQrtv^idi»<i:to sich eu*^- zv'eltPi yn\ ir. offiziellen I'onitcur» Da-un ergab sich, dose der ' aufr^erc^ta /jJo'-rlTmr kein Denntor clr^x ItoRleDunr:, sondern dor Stadt Bruensffl "eivnsen ^nr, I~i Stadtrat von 13r.oaaol erneuto aUh der Aufruhr, T)f»v B'rr^'^nneintor boeilto ttioh, die Schaado zu, booaenteln und ^en aohuldl/^'f^n /^rrlrsor am den Dienste au jn^^en-f**) Aber wer Aup^^n hQttCt^onntr sich nicht taeuiiv^hen laasen» Ein Abfn^uad von ' chn:rlct0rlptlnc'h bounp^ools-^r DrutnlilriOt war. onthuellL \;aruen# Gechs Stun on unle'^itlhertGr Ilnftl Wie notwrrndlßl/vmrÄ, daoo dieses Sy-
ten '^or Omralt, unrt der Grouol von ior nu:ainit(et dec jl^ounuhianun ornotzt vni'/tfel
A 3 der i^prtyrnr 'er Brues::5clor jJplcocJo don DoJon von Paris
8
♦^
ünm Artikel in ••La Koformo»*, ?. Maera 13/k8« Hfwiwijtf Ge^
) ?:(jrl Marx» Artikel in ♦•D^bat ßoclnl" voti 13. Mnerz IP^P
?»*v^ Geaant-Aus^fibe, Bnnd 6, p, 659 **) Kwl M?^rx^ Chronik ^oo ine«/ Lobono, llipnuai u. uliuii Vü!. imiLlLuL-
^Lr>n1np, T'r>nVpiiy> ?<>. Mc-erz 18^8
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p.lBPiinfii verflosnen./jviele schienen zu rloubon, dass die Revolution
hofccltn in Betriff© sei, in (^en b? oiten Cennl einer neuen Loi»li-
tnöt oinzvFwinn^f^n* Kursslchtiro, unv;lrf5cns"^ heftliche Melnunel Woa
(TOPchfihün vffir^ wpr rolbntvorrtaondlich n»ir rornAo rtro Vorspiel ücr
Revolution revosnn* DiOw^e lior'^j^nnr Jvtto r>lch sehr richtig ^pro*
^^ nur cinfls nicht eine ASflAgr^f^
vlsorioch*' rnruinritTnlt clrn Attributen (!cr~^Vulcncr^-or:Okratle*'| r.it
V.'nhlnn ilV rnrlnnent und derplelohoni
7.n Uiiu i'iU'iWi
ua^t rrpplfiohnni 'on Provl£5orltin zu folron testlrnt v;rr/^ rondorn der 'inupt-Akt: dlo rf'nzC| die hohe Hr-volutlon, die (^ n rrolctrrlnt
Irrovrvfphly or(!Blnod| zu dc/l i^jp ?!^">' . Ilh?
v.Tr# ♦'Thcr©
could be, un^er the proveilinr conditlons^ no doubt for us thrt the gront declciv« itrurplo v;c8 at hanö and thnt it could ( nd otily In t^e flnrl vlct^^ry of the T)roletJ^rl' t."""^)
9
Durch dio ü^fnooon v^onc^.clnd» Fnh I'.pltt die ersten BrtalllonF)
#Br nnuf^n ArVoltcr-Gertl* n;oM10| — und -velöhe Populorlt-et slo het*
tonl ''Tho Fnrlfl rjrolctnrlrt oried: vlvatl et the !/iobllo Ouard In
Itr? nnrchoe throurh Pnris* It recornlsed In then Its leodln' barrl-
cedc fl^htoröt***^) Hier v/nr sie, dio providcntielle TruppQ« dio
norr^on, uhomorf^en d^-n iiouptolct dor (^evol itlonVvollbrln.'TonVwuerdo»
//Und or Q^.h r.ehr •• otwna benondors Vorhcl3sun^svollen# Hn <^b nur
v/enlre auf flon Strenson, dSe der Appell dor Rer:ierunr p^^fol^t waren
und die roto -^erbo dvor netioaolcn Sinholt auf d^r Bruct trugen — . djp. p
und die ea tnton v;f=»r^n durohwccn Arboltor« Doi^LBour^oolo!» mn ^t**
dio -^rlcoloro ""nu^| e^e jiniiuo k In Intüopd^ico an iA"<ii lltnfsiifii^iiUiJt^!!^
F-iodrlr-.h ^n^elat Py>o^nooHyP(l?9!;)4gt ?.^ ^1 Iterx: T!iu Gljba 3tri
**) K'^rl I^arx: The Class ütrurrloa in France (Hov; York, Labor Hev/s
Con^>Rny) p« 59
xi
y
SU
\
I )
i.
Run \x>hl^ 00 ontochlelerton oogur die Ferbon vor ollc^' Aiv"orx tUe Exi- stenz dea jfSjlenoon-Ooronsotzeo^ und dno rote o^fTibol einar vorloßoncn Einholt vorv/enJelte oich panz von aoibüt in daa aynbnl dor .vairhelt-«^ der Spoltunj^^t do3 Confllk:te8# Wie olles klar \;ür# Vor^ v;olch ber/auBohcrulor Schoönhoit ülle^^ \7^r# ivianc und Encoln aclwm. non In Gi^fuehlcn und v/lö* oeno haft^ic^en 01af?noson, die nie fuonfzelvn Jahvo ^pa^ter -*-• nicht oeff entlieh^ aber unterolnondor •• *^tliO coiirortaMo deluniane and alnost chlldlsh enthusieBn with v;hi(jh wo hallod the ora of revolutlon of IPJLS^'^) nennen v;or(!en#
Wo beginnen? v;io ejch eins helben in den ötroiii der KnUvicfclunG?
Aln (^.rinrlicl'-'^to F:n- e dce Aurenblickö b< hlonon .lü^:^: die Woiilon^
in wrlobo r^ie neuen Knonner
dno VolV- von Frnnkroich
A'.m.^.mM.m f ,♦.•.♦€'• 4 »'••,€•. • » »^ir«r^# J »»:-r.4l.
fuohren
wollton« Dlono v^ohlen o^ hienen cor elaziße dunicle i unict tvr: hellen Ho-* rizont der iievoratlon No«?!« x>oan i.alilon fucen bolsoiue • lle Sophia-
4
ren nnhor Uenokrntio — nlt V/ahlon tritt in die Arona die -^ealitaet 6er iin okratle — und der Unterochiod s:\;iflc]ioa den SophiaDon uifi der Roftlitaet omn; no rrroeo aoin v/io aer Untcriühied 2\;i3chen Jieß ^md Nle>rla'^e#[/i/lo loloht sich auf den i'ajler liatte i:. hroibcn lcs> eh|
dno3 So2lall/3nu3 tlie novor ont nicht nia'^foi'" 80|i<l rn euch ^ot^ th»
enSoTority 30 iTT**«'TFole tarier? SelLat in j cirin v ar:.n sie nur
eine t^'^lnderhclt •• und oolbst von diosor Mindorhoit wr.r offoiütundic nur ein Te 1 sozirlis tisch* Wle^nust^eriialb von iaric^ denn ^Pnrlo n^est pas la>f 7ranoc''» ivie erat in ci^^r Prcr/inz^ auf d^ Lando/rWi^ . leicht -^i>oriol:: atiö*^ sieh auf c^eci Papier alo ti'ulo o-^ V^5 v-Qlot.-riaii eif^ef^' hntto definieren lasoon« Die lx>uül:ixtie dor V;irkl Ichice it in- dercon^ lief eie nicht viel eher auJ die ba: o Vrreiteluiuj; einer i^ttie-
io^ (/äm* "^
^^i ^
c
c
c
U^y*^>^LailL
of the pr&lo
>5 >t^ «^ / OA-c-cK^
>^^
«-«-t*^
CvtM^CyfyAA^
«V^hinaus? Zum ersten ilal erhob sich hior das
Dilerr;a, vor dem die Nachrolf^er Marx* u^ohrond eines Jahrhundorts wie- der und wieder und iromer v/ieder stehen \Aferden -- und das ihBen/im
kritischen Aufrenbl ick wdörrfei~tmdmi0aGr und iraiier v/leder/UQnselbon ^ Schrei abzwingen wird \;i8 ihini Keine i^^lahlen^ aM keinen Preis Wahlenl Olue^kl icherweise bep;annen auch oinipie Franzosen dio üsfaiir der Wahlen
chon zu verstehen. Vor allen vorstand sie d r alto Putschist Blanqui, Aer aus don V.?rliesson dos Monb 3t.Kich8l onblassen worden vmr. In
4»,/ nicht in öon "vuli-Tner-denokre tischen", "nonaal-deEiokra tischen" Sozialisten o la Blanc, sah Marx jeö-,it "tho reul leacier^f:
kW . • w . V.W w W . \
of the
_ fc .Ä. Ä ^.T ^. ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^ M '^
Proletarian party^T) in Frankreicht Er nahn Fuehlunr: nit den real lo£jder|Vund tftf io zwT Verhindorunp: der Wahlen vnirde er\vor:en#
Dann frnb es dio Deutschen in Paris — die paar Dutzend Kom- munisten, ueber die H^rx schon vorfucgte, und die uebric'en llundorttau- send, von denen er ueber so nnnche bald zu verfueron hoffte^* Denn <u^ die Deutschen in Paris waren peschueütölt voiit^ ( ; oriolipa t i ü; i iok Fieber» !^lc Ili'üij'Jilüüü iiüLtüXi ule hüftiiG polit)iüier<)J In diosom Zustand tiatte Warx r^oreohnot, nusote e. sieMiauf anweise hinter sich bringen koen- ncn#|Ab r jeiriand v;ar il\n zuvorrökor^jnen, ~ dieser Hen^verh, dieser Lyriker, die ''oiserne Lerche'* dor deutschen Demokratie» Noch v;aehiend euf üen Boulevards f:eschosson wurde, hatte dieser Millionaer sich be- rufen refinden die Freiheit seinerseits ueber den Khein zu tracon» Sr hatte (auff^erufek zur Gruendung einer ••Deutschen Lerion^^ — • und die Deutsche Lefiion^ bewaffnet| disj^ipliniert, durohloht von hoilißen deiTiOkra tischen Beuer, vmerde von Pßris nach der«! Vaterland marschieren^ ) üamuel rJornsteini Mrrx in Paris, lBl^BJ......J;p^ 3^6
it
'n
c
c
(
246
und nn.t(^n7er*s v^iordo sie vrachsm wie eine rollernde i»av;ine — und sie wiort^e in das Vatorlnnd einbrechon ehtwodor als Kntfossler der demo- kratisohon Hevolutlfin, odnr als ihre nohirinerndo Garde «TBetraecht- licher Beifall \-'pt los-ohrochen. Von Plocon waren nni jna der fren- zoes isohon -^'opublik Oeld und Wnffen fuer die Lerion zugesagt v,/orden« Der deutsche ''Deiiokra tische V^^r^in^, der als Hahricn fuer die Lerion rasch f^erT'iondot worden war, hn^^to reisnendon ^^Alauf zu finden begon« n^n% D-^s v/^r die LR."^e, die Marxi/ln Paris vorp^efunden hntto und sie konnte ihm raitnichton rrefallen# Wie kam diesor parfuenierte Verse- Drechsler dazu, s ch in 55olche Dinro ^^\n7Mn^xireTCi Dess ^er Teufel Ihn holo, *- Ihn un^?! seinen Kr euz::!:urT und S'^ inen Verein, die das deutsch^i^rolet^riat v )n Paris fuer potty \^(hxy^^^f^\^u^ vulr^aer-demo- kratisohe norr^al-domokra tische Ziele nissbröuchtennkcrx v/arf sich dazT^ic^hen«
Drei Ta^e nach seiner Ankunft in Perls orklaerte er in einer VersarmLunr d r Le/rion den Kriep;# Die Aufgabe der Poriser Deutschen, gte er, sei Jetzt nicht ein phentastischej Abenteuer in Ihrer Helnat|
•: ♦ #* > # <.«,«.i
bevorstehenden Knempfen ii
sondern Teilnahme an -^en noch Frankreicht*) (/Wieder zv;ei Ta^e spaeter s^uendete er g;e^en Ilemveßhs Verein einen ai^enen* Seine /^oi'::muni3ten^ verstaerkt durch Ankuenfte aus Brucssel und London^ vmrr^en als A{>itatoren fuer den Eintritt in einen **jiflut deutsche* Arbeiter** orrranisiert, ^nd sie erhielten bsaer-' kensv/erte Instrui(tionen ueber die Art, in der sie zti agitieren hatten. Unter keinen tfcsteenden durft'^n sie merken lassen, dnss diese Sache
des
^.«^.«.f «.t
^erin^nte mit Sozialismus oder Koininun Ismus zu schaffBn
habe. Um keinen Preis durften sie Worte wie oozielistlsch oder kom-
*] Kffgl Merx.-Chroniki&eJrfwtr-iiebens, Ilorauocobo n ▼■ Inotl
Eapy»Jb«a"Lui>i4iaa, Mciaoi| b, Weerz 18^.8 ^
?47
f
O
('
munl3ti0v'?h vonvondonl Ki! v;nr lolclor kloPi dfisa boiv;oltom die moiöten deutnchen ArbMtor la Parlß nichts wlsnen \70llton von Soi^inllo us un<l ronnunlnnun. Der 3<^hltieso«l zu Ihron Oefuehlon vmr Domokratlo» Ixn Clffwando der üw^okrntle nufzutroten^ v/ird Bngelo Jahrzohnte apaeter
4
orlcl'^ore.1, vmr **ln oprlng 1??A8 tho only 3>oaflll>le nor.ns of settln^ tho oar of tho v/orklnr; olnss."*) Die Conmimiston, die zur Aßitotion au3."30ohlokt wurclon, hatten »Hon Ooi»
clnf.iöh al<4iTO!iOkrQtlncheL Agb iltor ^anvjn teilen« Auch danlt hatto liprc* fruchtbnre» Oolnt olne irirflnduiv^ gonecht — die j^ullflGon-Orfjanl» 3«tloa 4t^--^^ irrn T "-rrnn» "y 'i1i »■'■'*"H — Alo vmolireacl elnca Jiüirhua- dortB in un?.nohli "jn Abwandlunccii von acinon Ki-bon boauti.t werden
Idii! wr, ijlttlm"..iJllu» mui tlug Vibyaulonun ^r'vn'"<'nii, AJb^ von ttT;.. .«.üiiti-g-^ laris uober Suropa liof«»ffe? 4<n?itt i^nli*J{sMr)
"^io Staaten Itnllonsj^ OToioht«|ln don Ilnupt- 8tr!G'lten^-44-Floron?., ^ Moapol, 4a Turin, so.^ar in Ron doo Keillßen StuhlD, wtfon üiooolbon Denonotrationon BUOÄ«l»rooh«n v;:o in laria» Dlo Throiio, die vvr-ltllclion und der f»oiBtlioho, hntton c^e^vankt» Vor döi vollen IJiederbruoh hatten aio nur dcj\u:ch bovvphrt v/ordon koennon, dö8S die iJoviveiGOne lieatiii urd ohne Widerstand ihr HoGiorunce-üoaopol zun Opfor brachton« Varlaoouncen| ««i'iolu'u^ijuliu l'bi'i'ii^ ..uiiii,tjn^ vrarcn in Plonont, rioapel, Toacann, soi^r In Kirchenstaüt, proklaniort \7ord0n» Und v.ftr vmflatc ob das das lotiste v*ort war? Die Kopubllkanor hofrton auf r.o!ir. Und seltsaia voreint lalt doti Ropublictmiar.us unj Donokratla-
nus trat, ein nnd» res Ihnenonon nuf, der iiationöliatius« t* lor v^jyoLhUjLu JVUJ'üa llültan d(?iA .iüLlUiuilibimiü ülLju Vor iencwa uxja
1
1(1 aopottoorufi' e — naoht ilon V rnnnr'*fijii
Sd(uJt ■ Q»o^/<- L^
(
c
c
2U^ Tahi'hunrlorto dlnOnoetlziort, In dor ookonoaiachon Iloaokrotle von
n» Dlo Diacnone doa C(Äisriunlatl-
o
hanons üalonallGnus roscrvior schon Manifestes saf^
ßocentoil, daas «na^^nnTdlfforeaci
ond Bnte?:onisrc>stwoen peoplee aro dolirvanlshlnc! nore Qnd norc otzt, In-^m rovolutionaeren CheoD It'lie
44«;
wopi «or nrnnirr
1ripn^ vrnr/ Irnir^ rn uri!"i- iin *Jonokrntlo,V^döit^«lL
Drr.nr nnrh olnrn ftf"4""t fy"-*"^^'^^ jJoh-ltellcniGchQiJr !:i,w*w..-.* ^-
01© bolfien Ouiaoppoo, Llazzini unö Garlbnlcll, Donokrrten und Hatlona- liflten In olnon, acltlerten. ^^^'^-ro. ioJkk
Unr» dna Erdbeben lief rroltcr« Die Donokratle «•v-'aüii Schlecht auf SchlachtrjAn/ .soliatM Tnß nnch Marx« /nkunrt in Paris kf^xa d«r ' Stoso in 3eatrua Biiror' n nn, Dfis itolch döo oorton^eichiocheii KaiBOte %ur^.o errriffon, — «lioser /^on-llzlerto, prbeknoro Bau üug Fraßnen- t©a fast oinoa IXitaciuis voroohiodonor Voolkor. Auch hior nischtea sich ^.mokrctlo und riationnlianua. '»or Aufntand ßllor gopori die Autokn^tlo rlooo ausarr.en/ mit den Aufstand der nnd ron Ilatioocli- tfioten reron die doutocho HefGmonio.Jss becani in Unf^^rn — {^onnu
fcef^nn os nit einer Ho-^e t'.en Uonokrnten und Patrioten lAid-
«i« Eonsuth. Budnpost r:er;.et In Oaerun-. onne x-aiise ipitue ux«. v^.«- vnlnlon in Vfien selbet, in c!ora gla-nzenden Wien, in der nellerstodt Wien. Auch hier, v;Jc in Pcrio, Docon^trationon ouf den atressen, — nondt;-orl:or. i^rbriter, vxS^i^. Studenten. Auch hier ein paar 3chuenne, dio nionf^nd tsfohlcn hatte und von denen al«c»nd rlchtls .7U8:.to, v,t>hür sie kaiicn. Atich hier oln raBondor Ausbruch der oerfont- liehen v-uU TJncl uncln übliches Ercißnls: Wetternich flohl Fuorst
249
C t{c
o
t
Mattornlch, der ir.elir als dreiosip; Jahre die donlnicrencle Fi;:/ur des ontlnontSi der fnst eine Inntltutlon Pieweseii v/nr, — Metternich^ /^^,
\r
wie Louin i'hilippe^ nach London«
Die Kraefte derVAutokrip^tle sackten zusannen 0// In 6.f^.n unfjerischen, den tschechischeni den polnischen^ r.^xi it^^llenischen Territorien des Reichs hob die nn tionnle Emf?nzipation offen ihr Haupt« In Ivlpiland konnte seihst die GnrnAsoni der beruehmte yeldmarschnll Radotzki, sich nicht h Iton r:ep:ön die Italienischen Patrioten« Sie knonpfte und vTurde ^eschlafeen und nusr'te abziehen« In Voncdir wir 'e nicht ein- nf>l ernstlich €«:ükaenpftt Ohne viel Widerstand proklamierte die Stadt sich f^ufs neue, v/ie in Blton Zeiten, als Republik Vcnedi2«]lUnd iri ^s^n deutschen Provinzen hatten die Menschen ihren eigenen Ilationnlicünus« Mit den Schreien Freihoitl Dar.okrr*tiel Verfassungl Parlamcntl vernü ehlte sichyder Schrei nach der v;ieder^eburt eines r^rossen, einigen Deutschen Reiches« Der Schrei v/nr in nllen Lnendern deutscher auhge bisher von den Fiaernten unterdrueokt v^orden« Die nchv;arz-rot-poldenen Farben dieses ertreeuraten Reiches, imd zugleich die Farben der Demokratie, v;nren bis- her in Wienl^ebenso v/ie in Berlin und Y/le lift allen deutschen Strrwfeen die Farben des Hochvorrats r:ewesen« Jet^ib erschienen schwarz-rot-n;oldene Fahnen an den naeusern von Wien« Ein r:lorreiches Chaos, ein Chaos wun- de barer Iloffnunf^eh, wo^te unri brodelte ir: K-^ iiserreich Oesterrcich«
t
Was vrollte sich ?us ihpi pjebaeren?
Und das lürdbeben lief v;feter« Die Demokratie r^wann jode Schlacht« An fuonf zehnten Tag nach Warx^ Ankunft in Paris triumphierte sie in seiner oirtenen Hoiriat« Die Zitadelle der Or::inunc; in Europa, ^ebnut^
aus den nsssivston uadern, verf ostir^t mit daa zpehcsten mrde auft^estossen« Die Strassen Berlins fuollten sich mit
lÜvUet -^-^ <^U ZifaxitMe. ^\>t4M^iuc
i
X.
250
c
i)
IritopkeopogflL Arbeitern^ Studenteiii Handwerkern« Es gab nicht einmal fC deutlich erkennbare Fuehrer« Aus eigenen Antrieb ^^ v/le es schien^ gingen die Menschen auf die Strasse, und riefen Freiheltl uM Verfnssungl und Hoch Deutschland! Dem Vorbild folp:end| das die Berichte aus Paiis ihnen gepeben hatte, begannen sie, Barrikaden zu bauent Und dann fie- len, auch hier, die omlnoesen Schuesse, die nieriand befohlen hatte# Blutipe Strassenkaempfe brachen aus# Friedrich WlÄhelm Vf.t Ton Angst gepackt, befahl den Rueckzug aller Truppen aus Berlin«
Vor seinen yenstern mirden die Gefallenen aufgebahrt* Sie vmr-
den nit Lorbeer un^ Blumen bedeckt, nur die Wunden eines Jeden wurden Offen f?elassen« Die Mjden^e rief nach dem Koenifj, und er nusste hi- naustreten auf den Balkon« Die M
rief "Muetze abl", und er musste sein Haupt entToloesaen vor den Leichen der Revolutionaere« Die Meng« rief "Herunterkonnnenl'*, und er musste heruntersteigen auf die Stras- se» und an den Bahren vorbeina rochieren^ und sich vor Jeder von ihnen verneinten. Unf'Thronfolger Wilhelm, der "Kertaetschen-Prinz'», das ver- hasatesto Mitglied der Dynastie, musste den Vorbild Louis Philippiß und Uetternlchs folgen und in die Sicherheit Londons fliehen. Und der Koenig musste sich drapieren mit den yerruchten Farben 4ä Schv;arz- Rot-Oold, und in diesem Aufzug zu Pferde steigen und durch die Stras- sen und Menschen-Spaliere reiten. Und alles, alles musste er g€>loben, Wahlrecht und Parlament, Verfassung und Demolcratio, die Gruendung eines neuen Deutr;chen Reiches und die Aufloesung Preussens in diesem Reich« Und wie haette es nach dei* Fall der Bitadille Preussen noch ein Haltet geben koennen in den anderen deutschen Staaten? Die Demokratie gewann ihre Schlachten muehelos in zahllosen Haupts taedten zahlloser Staaten«
t
c
c
f
25«f *le po8!^n aiooe schaeunienden Krolcnlseo In rtaa sohona von "oor theoiT"? Wflo hatten sie zu a heffen mit dor ookqlblachon "HelfG". und
Aoi^- Bllp «cht Iren Eotor dor "FrodtiÄtlv-«r Jo*oer*i Alo tho u. lu in o< oH. jftelllBion ia hitjlorj
ba«tte or on nicht lotcht eohobt» Dlo ^roductlir« toSaa woren fast nit» tololtoplloh und es rjab Icoinen achuechternaten Anfone von "Relfo" In
*
Locndern wie ün(!orn und Italtfh — dennoch hatte en dort Revolution 39- #ebent Dlo produotlv» f of eo^^ waren an xvolteoten Gntv;lokelt und die "Reife» ^'•nn es dne glbt^ wer on fortßeschrittonaten in Oroeobritoanien -• dennooh zeigte 8 loh dort kolno 3pur ▼on Revolution^ Stockto nicht ganz
etv/R* enc^.eresi als eelne Vflesenochöft annohng hinter (!on Eroicnlßcon?
«
War nein Fahrplan dar komenflon Dlnfre nicht aus Chltineren konstruiert? Aber wenn solche Fragen Um je belaeotißten, so nab er kdn
olchtbßres Zeichen devon# Sein Fahrplan blieb unvcrnondort gueltig für
Ihn/ i'^fts^ sich eenderte^ x^mr nur^ dass dns Feld fuer Ihn oelbot Jetst
nicht mehr Porls mrr\fllin\idb or nnch Preussen wloo Jet.üt oeln flonpaoot
Dort xvor jotzti endlich^ die rroooe Arena fuor Ihn oroeffnot# Von dort
rief jetzt, enflllch^ dlo ' eltceflchlchto noch Ihot Noch v/oolirond die
Bourgeois brevoly donlt beonheoftigt i-jaron^ th£^ ^^llQ^ Qf th^/^hanint.^
Ijfonarch^ hlnwec^uforreni musote uobor dlo yeflboly Preuasexy dor karfH3»a&.
treton* dor 44e iiüOTdtflHtuly followinf? pro
/aAerter//Dle Ätuome In WassorglfiS der Porloer Deutschon vorloron ihr In-
teresse» Mochte dieser Honvogh eeine Legion auf die Deine brl4ppn# Moch^
te QUO den '•ip.ub der Arbeitor'^g nit deo eo ohnodleo schlecht vonmerto-
ginr, •• mochte «us ihn i^^errten^ wns werden wollto« Das war vorb<^i# Karl
Marx arbeitete an solner Ruecictcehr nach Preusoen» Mehr als das^ er arbeite
te an einer J^otrcmnln tischen Invasion Preu88en8^u.cH^^ ^^^^(MicuucöU, ^
c
t>
252
4
Der Plan wurde rfisoh und aorßfaeltig entworfen .//öle Liste der ^pnanunisten, die Marx» discretlonaerer Gewalt unterstellt waren, be- stand aus rund 300 Intellektuellen, Halb-Intellektuellen und Arbel- tern In London, In Pnrls, In Bruesael und ahd^erwo erts • Richtig be- nuetzt, vmr Jeder von ihnen in irf?endwelchen Orad fuer irpendwelche
Agitation zu verwenden, Marat und Engels beschlossen, sie alle nach Preusnen/zu expedieren und ueber die Staedte zu verteilen^^jToenaue, nicht Ranz einfache Instruktionen fuer ihre Mission wurden ausf^ear- beitet. Der Name Konraun is tischer Bund verschwand, der Name "Konmuni- st Ische Partei Deuts ohlands" erschien« Etwas, was "Forderun^ea der Kom- munistlsohen Partei Deutschlands''latk±J6Mtt ^^) betitelt war, wurde ge*
schrieben und p;edruckt, und Pakete davon fuer jeden der 300 Mivslonaere
wurden ^^epacktt Als Haupt-'^uartler fuer sich selbst waehlteiz^ Marx Ätr^rti^ die Stadt floeln* Dort war der de: akratische Märtyrer der v/el- land •^Rheinischen Zeltunp!** am bekanntesten« In/der Tat gehoerte es zu den Plaenen, an jene Episode anzuknuepfen und eine »»N ue Rheinische Zeltunß^ zu ppruenden«
Woher das Geld fuer dae alles nehir^en? Bin Zufall schien ai Hilfe zu koinmen» In L^^ndon lebte ein Herzoß von Braunschwelgp der vor Jah« ren seinen Thron verloren hatte» Die vague Idee stieg In ^^im auf^ dass die Arbeiter Ihn wieder ^etnBBtzen koennten^ und das wollte er sich gerne etwes kosten lassen« Pourparlers zwischen Seiner Hoheit und dem otW^^ Londont^ Cu'ikittu^ becannen^ und als sie nicht vorwaerts kanen, sandte
Marx aus Paris einen besonderen Unterhn endler ♦**♦) Die Moral, die im
i
*) FTjEngelsi Vorwort zu tiarxi Enthüellunrea ueber den Kgrriraunist^Jöl»»»
Prozess zu Coeln «fTrl I^Iarx <rJri Engeist MoakJ \ jSe^l Marx^-Chronilc boinoo-Jb»
19* bis 28« Maerz 1848
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253
Falle deo kleinen KriofT© (tegolten hatte, galt in diöoora Fall wieder eunnal nlcht»|ABer auch Mnrx* persoenlicher Gesandter ken zu IcoinBa
-___ *
Ende, Und oo blieb nur uebrlß, die finanzielle Fräße der sorge En* pola» anzuvertrauen. Sngols nuaot© vrj^aua fahren In'e Rheinland, um AUS dor dortlßon Dourgeoiale Oeld fuor den ^«Kmunianua norauezuho/<lon»
Die Vorlx) r^ituneon fuer die flarq>aeno in i^i'üuaHon- haetton die Kraefte den Fuohrora erschoepfon koennon. So lango Ilrrx noch in Parle vrar, eruebrißte er trotzden die Seit und Enorgle, ua weiter mit Bki nqui an den Probleo zu arbeiten, daa die ein^- dunkle Wolke ueber Frankzeloh war — und nicht nur uobor F» nkroich» Dns Oeapenot der fronzoee lachen Wahlen v/nr in l.ehrheit ein europaeiaches Gespenst» So wie die Pari* ^ eer Revolution dns Vorbild fuor ganz Europa /rov/ooon v/nr, so konnte auch die Ent^atehunp einer normalen, vulßnoron Deriokratio in Frank- reich dos Vorbild fuer Ranz Europa v/erdoutlBlanqul und soin^Club»» ' wrren b ;reit3 oeffentllch herauscc treten nit der Ford runr, dass die Wahlen v rsc hoben v;orden nuesaten. Die riefTuon:!unc; vr, dnos das Pub» llkun M»t nach iU<«i(jswuahren von Dioklssion ueber den Gozialiamus «^ noch nicht gonuesond auf^joklaert sei» Don Vorbild Blanquis hatte ein 2%veltor ftlub unter den Intellektuellen Bnrbes sich ancoachloesen« " Ein dritter, die ♦oecicty ef the nichts of rian»! s hv/ankte unentech ie ©n# In diesen sch\vaxik enden /(Tlub schrieb Marx sich ein und entfiolteto eine kurze, aber stutnnlsohe Aktivitaet,*)
Es v;ar un diese Zeit, daao aus London die erston tausend Bxom- lilare dos «or^aunis tischen lianifestes in Pnris ointrofon,**) *- leider vorerst nur der deutliche Text, dio franzoeoloche Uoberaotaunc wnr
t lWr> WpTW — ---^ — '- -^
o
I Marx in Pnris
I.nnlnn
20* Meerz 1848
1t.nt, Magkga»
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254
noch in Druck« Abor auch den deutsohon Toxt voratandon v/enlßsteno
einige unter den Mitßliedorn der yooie fcyl und l!arx seibot konnte ihn
den 3 hwankonden Prnesldmiten interpretieren, ij^ Jeden Abend auf«
neua sproch er in den unoufhoorlichen Vorsannlttncon der Igooioty i*
und eoin Erfol« «ar rcaöh und cooplett« Das Schwankon endete« Zu den
zwei l^ubn, die rreron die Wahlen agitierten, ßooellto sich dordritt«|
und die Oev/innunr dieses dritten wer die persoonliche Loisttinr Karl
llQrxl*f|Und er wirkte persoonlich auch noch mit an dor Auearboitune
der definitiven StaatepAe zur Sabotnco der vvflhlen« Eine Serie ▼oq
Strassen-üenonstrot Ionen, arranßietrt von den drei fllubs und anochwel»
lend zur Smoute, zun Putsch, zur f^ov/altsar^ion Vorjogunc dor Regierung,
sollton die Arbeit leisten, Ztir oroton dieser Denono trat Ionen entsandte
Marx selbst noch seino deutschen /^onnunls ton und seinen ArbGltorHt!(iub#
Vollzoehllf?^ rote Dnender auf der Brust, nnhrmn sie an ihr teil***)
Und die Denonotrotlon tTar so erfolgreich^ v/ie die erste Dosia einer '
starken r/edizin sein kann« Die Regierunc ftjchlto oich conoetißt, die
V-ahlen tntsaechlich zu verschieben •^ v/oan auch vororoti nur um ein
paar Tage« Die Kedizin wnr also als wirksam erwleo n# Die Dinge miroa
in rutom Fluss« Karl Marx konnte Paris beruhigt vcrlassont
/. Von agflteen April ah bestiegon die 300 Agitatoren in kleinen
Gruppen die 2ueco nach DuutGchland«***) Am 5« April folgte ihnen Marx mit dem entere:; Generals tat • Die j^omunis tische Invosion ^or\ Prousson »vhö^ begann«
Am 16« April (rtnr^.n in Paris die drei Clubs zun zweiton 2dal auf Samuel Bernsteini Mnrx in Vr^vlB^ i}^u:i^%mm»fv» 35^ ^ — — — ~—^ ) " " • " V* 352
) Kw^ Mpr
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die Strasse, — und dleaijol veraaste die ifedlzln« Die Schreie s^cen die Wahlen trafen taube Ohrdn^ dlo Denonstronten wurden auseinander ftejagt* Und dos PuMlkun sprach nicht nehr von elicr Denonstratlozif sonrlern von olnexa geöoheltorten Putsch« Boeoe Worte bogannen udzu«» laufen corton ••dlo Roton^^i ••die ^nnunlnton'*^ dlo dlo Ktobllorunß der DonokTQtle zu verhindorn unrt dos I^nd unter Ihr Joch zu zv/lngea verfluchten«
Ata 23 • April glnron ungostoort die Wahlen Äuor die Katlonalver- sarrilunp von s tot ton« Die drei j^ubs hotten nichts mehr doRoeen tun koennen« Zun ernten Mal schritten statt einer viertel lülllon Waehl^r iMUn UllllonoQ zu den Urnen« All« llnonner Frankreichs sc^hrltton zu den Urnoni Jedes St Inno so viel wort wie die Jedes ondoron« ' '
Die Auren Europos waren nlt aouoserster Spannunr auf das fran* 806S loche Ereifrnls ßerlchtot« Denn ausser in der ielt der grossen fronzoos Ischen Revolution hntte es noch nlonals Irconflvo in dlBccia ISrdtell eine Wahl des allßonolnen Tföhlrochts ceßehon« Wns vmeröe aus einer Abstlnnunr herauskör Jien« an d r In uoberv/oeltlgendor Mehrheit auch der kleine Vmnt^ sorcr der Poebol und Mob, ßlolohborechtlgt toll- nahm? Es hatte duoÄtore Proßnooen uebor die Exploolon von Rodlkallo*^
^f a
mus rereben, die unvermeidlich zu ßowoortlnon vel«
Abo^ ©8 gab nichts dergleichen* Dos Volk von Pronkroich ent- schied sich uebermsohend eindeutig fuer olncn mittleren Kurs«//Es brach entschlosoen nlt dan alten ReRlne» Oeßen 600 Republlkonep wur- den nur 200 Royallsten crowaehlt^pber nlt noch ßroesseror Eindeutlß- k' It lehnte das Volk von Frankreich den Sozlallsftms ob» Unter den 600 gewoehlten Republikanern befanden olch nur 100 von den verschiedenen sozlollstlochon Nueenden/» Und selbst von dlooen VÄiren rund 90, In
c
1
Harz Aus drucks weise, i^i
^1^ /fiif ^>^^^^
Soziallsterh, •-/ Sozialisten,
die auch den Proletariat oder seinen Fuehrern^kcin Recht von Gottes Gnaden aÄf das Monopol des Regierens^^ugestanden^ und die nicht be*
mit bewaffneter Gewalt
reit waren, nolch ein Monopol zu erzwingen •
Die Sprache dieser Wahl war beredt« Sie verkuendete, dass die franzoeaisohe Revolution Ihre Grenze erreicht hattej aao<( Arel VI tel fler Franzosenydie Etablierung der donokrat lachen LenQj.ltaet
iep Fponn
lonntTTni iin^ irrT( g loben Achtel deg Fp^noooon die Etabliorune des Sozialismus, l^tjji'warf en^ Und wenn des schon in Frankreich so war, wie erst raii8<^te es^ auf dem uebrlgen JBJontlnent aelnl Waren bei den uebrl- p;en Voelkern des (^ntlnents de all-entscheidenden oekonomlschen Zu- staende nicht viel weniger "reif* alsi^ln FrankrelcKTTäussten dort, gemaess/ ieur-Jtlieery/* , die Wuensche und die Kraefte nicht noch viel unfjuenstlrcr fuer ein proletarisches Unternehmen sein?
Aber Marx war nicht gewillt, die utom-ende Spracl^dleser Wahl zu hoeren. Er blieb taub fuer die Wuensche und blind fuer die Kraefte, die sie so deutlich offenbarte«
1
257
f
Chaptor 10 D<:a. foM4e. ^^%
Dom PublUcuBi Toa (l(oeln t/ar der Doktor Karl ??arx vor f ©nf Jehren aus flcn Au^an ihi^ohminden« Sa wtwato nichts von selAan Terwandlon^n In BruasBol und ü Paris« Als In ^ooln bekannt »oirda, daa» der Doktor Man ztxruockßakahrt sal^var In dar Keinung des Publikums dar Marx von vor fwnf Jahran znruackpekahrt, — der dorokratlsche Kaaryrör dar "Rhainis'^hen Zaltuni?*. IfJillkonmcn Aar rtemokr« tisch© Maertyrerl In der ffaerandan Juneon Deookratlo gab as Plata fuor doQOkratiacha Fu^art W»lo^ Abnichtan lu»tta der dciotrtmitiacho ruehrer Marx?
Eina Absicht hatt« er iagtl«iitowBooo94 nicht; 5ich vorzustallan
In dor sozial iatischan Haut, die ihr: wfjohrond der fuanT Jehre saiwachssn
r ^V'aiclit4 ^8 vmr nicht nootig^ dass die
C
y
^rosoe O#ffentllchkolt etwas tvleß« von dem Kcrwun ist Ischen Bund^ der Kocintinls tischen pprtoi Deuts hlande^ den; KoizcsuniB tischen ! anlf e»| n Kooßunlatlfl hen For^'erunfen* In Oerontoll, er Wiens hte drinrend^
daae ihr dns alles unbekannt bleibe«
.Marx fuor die tfriiwoaclung der prcuseischen
Denn der Plcn, den
4yvuA c{^4di<. Revolution Ho^ 1 in die Pevolutioa ?lo« 2 entworfen hatte, enthielt
einen einsigartl^^n Zur# Der Plan aah vor, daso die konjÄonis tische
Revolution
cht werden mussse, ohne voa Kosza^unlsssua 7A reden| ohn»
Koneiunlszsus beaerlcber werden zu lassen«
Kfi vttT eine Fortsetzunf? der Idee, die Ihin vor kurzem in Paris einirefellen war. J^ier die Oruenduan des ^ubs deutscher Arbeiter'^ hatte er dort die Technik der falschen FlanR« erfun^^en« Sozialtemust hatte er gefunden, zieht allzu wenige ^n. Wer Viele gewin en will^
hatte er
, xouea die TlaßRe des KcKiiCxunlsiaua
uid
o
statt dessen die neßnetiscbar« der D laokratie entfalten. Dos gleiche
I I
258
€
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Frlnsip in rioali^r Vergroesserune lag jetzt selaci Plan tmr dl«
proletarlaft Revolution* sugrunda. «nvhon im ratorncd to Oomany» In tprlni? IS^Slf« wird Sneels Tlel« Jalxre spaeter ^telnayoa^ "wa jolned tha Damoorotlo Party aa tha only posaible Baons of gettln,'- the aar of the workizir. oleaa"«*) Und er wird schildern die Alternativa, Tor dar aie standen« Als Denofcraten verkloldot, hatten • ie die Aussicht^ sross zu werden« Offen als Kormaunisten auftretend daf^egen "blieb un^ nichts, als Konxnunisrsua Ln einer, kleinen IVinkal- blaettohon 2U dozieren, und statt einer grossen Aktionspartei eine kleine Sekte zu stiften« Zu PredipeA in der l^uaste aber «raren wir verdorben« Dazu hatten wir unsf^r Prograrro nicht ontworfenl"**) Koia» 2&unistischepeyolution — entfesselt ron Fuohrem, die nicht sa'-©n, «^ess sie Konr.uninten sind« Koraaunis tische Revolution, — vollzogen von lassen, die nicht wissen, dass sie eine K<xxiun ist lache Hovolution vollziehen. 5s vflr ein^rian.ton ku»hüei OuLij^lizierfcheit^ Aber IMiTX hat-
te erciutieen<le Anfang •Ärfoige«
üf^a forste, wes zu leisten rer, war die Orte ndung feiner Geltung» Schwierigkeiten fuer das Projekt drohten dieaiBl nicht von den B«hoer- den« Die Behoerden «üTön in diesen revolutionaeren zustand ohnehin
nicht nehr naechtig« Ken pfiff auf fiehoerdea« Gegen Marx lief in Ttb^»^
t
%mn noch dar V^rhaftun^s -Befehlt c!er nach d«; Erscheinen der Deutsch^ Frsnzoealßohan Jahrbuecher oplas©aa troröen rr^Vm Er hatte sich nicht n#hr dp.rtin kue^T^iern dusKSen« SelbstverGtaandllch konnte ni«:iand Ihn jetzt noch zu verhaften vee^A^^^Die Bueros des lienaoro waren ßeschlosaen
i»»
Brief an Floreno« K« Wis hnetzki v<K3 27« Januar Selected Corresp« |Tii»«i.n, ^y^n, fT^»> Ift^rtcjl p« 455
Knrl Marx und die Rheinis he :äeitung« Meakiiuei Oesaiat-Ausr»be« Erste Abteilung, Band 7« p« XI«
)
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259
C
<L)
(.
i)te Schlkanon
dorn einst dio "Rhelniache Zoltuf^" erlepon «ir, drohten nicht n«hr -^ er ffeplnnton «»rrouen Rhelnis hen Zeltun;:«». Aber Gold fuer die Cruenduag nusote aufr-e trieben norden- - bourseolgea Cepit^l fuer deo Blatt der kOi^ualatischen Revolution, Des wer keine kleinere Schwierlpk-elt«
Richtig?, itorziunlg tische Sytnpethloen wnren in der rhe^hon Bour- fTOlele »Icht selten. V.-ir vier Juhron hatte Engels unter dun V«jnaoef^a- den dort •Komaunlsten and wieder rotnnunlston*' /retrof f en. Aber wr^s dJte se radltrelön Bourgeois sich unter Kojariunlsaiis vorstoll on, war eine frted- lloho Trateforaatloa, und eine Ordnung ßeiaeeas den anerkannten Fiefreln
aanunlsnus der betraf fneten ^ewalt» dos
//
der Donolcratle» Fuer elnon
thanftUiU««)^ der »Diktatur des Pi-oletariata" e lo Blaaqul, war unaoe^llfch auf ihren Geldboutol zu rcchi^en. *>t;enn oln einzl^os Sreuiplar unarer »Konaunlstia hen For^.orunr'on» hier verbreitet wuorde", achriob Ensels iron/ den Verheiö lun^on in seiner Votorstedt Barmen, *'bo eere hier alles verloren fuor unö*^«'^)
* •
Aber K rx ken als Dcnokrat, ein penzor DoKOkret, n:lcht3 als ein Decjokrat, Den proeaumptlven FlxTanaiera wurzle frczelst,, \9ie die ^eitun«
nuase.'ion solle, —/auf dmi Kopf un^.er lom Kanen , stand in grossen Latterni "Orran der Donokratle»,
Selbst 30 Sfih En(?el8 in nanchen itoßonten die Aussich ton tniete. Einer o^er der and- re der p eosumptivon Finanzier» erinnerte sich -v^tm» an die Art und iVeJjpo, in dor (?r bei Aufenthalten ir-; Ausland uefcer dia zwei rhelnls hen Literaten hatte Sprech ;n hoeron» Sinor oüer der andere hette in dieser oder jener Ihrer Schriften .'teblaettort, Ziwelfel \mrden
*) Friedrich Enrele? Brief r^% I5#rx, ?5. April lP4fl
(
260 ^•atassert, ob sie d«nii wirklich so wchechte D<;moicreten setloa* Oe* hoerten sie Ptmnz sicher nicht zu jenen "Roten** deren Scheedllchkeit
4
fiier die Donolcretle jetzt in Frankreich so aergerllch demonstriert
wiir^e?
Die AnwaxiÄlunpon von Misstrauen waren nicht leicht zu ueberwinden *Ich habe die s hoennten Redenaar ton Tcrsohwenclet und alle xiKH^f^iche
Diploeratia öufgeboten«'*^^ naldet# BngeXe^ — und ee- xmr coy Tirfol^
doch kelnesxwn sicher« ^Ich rsache > zt noch eiaen letzten Versuch^
•* —
und wenn der fehlschlAe^t, dann ist elle3 zu Snde«***?^
Aber/der Hi^^ael lichtete »Xeh» Mona eli^e der Herren bcloeite blieben, so lie »on «nA^'e nich von der \r<>rlaessllchkelt der Domokra* ten Uarx und l^nrels ueberzeufren« Die oraten Aktien wurden unterfrebracht. Merx 8 eibfit «ir eis Prosaotor nocb (erfolgreicher als Engels* Als er am 5» Mßl seinen d re las igst on Oebürtstar feierte, wnr die erezelchnete 3um- ©• bereits stattlich* Zwei Monate nach der Revolution in Berlin war das notwendigste Kapitel fuer die :^ltiing beisa!£)en* Des 3tret&,^a der fals hen Fla^^ge hatte rieh bewaehrt«
Äun trohl, nach «".©i ersten ohrltt der zweltet Karl Uarx nahm d.oa
4
Teil seines Plane In Aner.ff, cer die Foraierung der Trui pe betraf*
Dies, aelbstversteendlich, konnte nicht in glelclien Tempo nelln-
pell. Die <*.«5nokrBti8Ch beflaggten Orr^enisat Ionen, die er ueborall zu «rruendoa reAachte. konnten oich nicht ueber Sacht mit iSa asonVf uel Ion* Koch loengcr konnte es lauern, ehe der notwendig Ooiat in dieoe Massen
i^epumpt^ s*.'in wuer e«
£n Augenblick waren sie bejanraornswerter leer ron dleaen Goist^ als Marx In seinen pesslBlstiachsten Stunfien snpenomen hoette* Hier
(
sjBr?ef an M^rx Tom ?5. Ar^ril V^UB
(
261 WBT ein Land In rvvolutloi» ©ran Fi»t©r» Gosetze %njirden nicht r.ehr r«» •pektisrt* Dl» Staflta-Oewolt vvrr zu einent scbatten gtsotden* 7«rt>luef- fondexvela© zeigten dl« Opfer de< gour{>qolg»n gyatwiad die Arbeiter, nlchtedcßtowenliter keine Spur von Neigung, sich f^econ Ihre Bedrio de er zu e^h©^©n, Von '1e»H
Vem—ttiBory^ «mehrend dtener Bndlcrlse dos bour(^oiscn SyeteciB^l©»
dende Hitze heetton it^laa^t oeln muessea^ war weit und breit nichta »u ent^.QClcdn» Ica Oerentell. Die Wofren 'er Hevolutiön Ho 1^ dos TjmaptB gegen den Absolutlanuat achierv Arbeiter iifiÄ Boureeola en^r zusannen«»
c ■
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Kurz ncch V.nvt* .^Jücunft in Cooln xwr eetraehl t «r orden fuor dl« Matlonolversannlun^?, die Preosßonfl erst« yerfeflsanr schreiten aollte* nicht eine Spur von eeparaten Proletarier heb Stroemuni;en^ Prograraaenp Pertelen^ Kondiiaten war
gefolpü
aufgetaucht« Eine z^elto Wahl xnkT nacti«* eine Wehl nicht nur In Prousnenj^ sondern In all den Dut2»nden itaaten« Eine Natlar»I*-Yer8ariQlunf^^Deutdchlandd war geweehlt
rBehrtel^ie Ichea s
worden — denn auch die (hniendung dea he In perfektem rtenotrat lachen Stil Ton einem Perlanont beaohXoaaen und vollzogen werden« und auch in diesen deu^achen tmahlen hatten die Arbol«» ter sich foao-lnlert von ('en dessokr&tla hen Ideen und venneehlt mit der
fortschrittlichen Bourgeolale
« Krst v/onn die Geruohlo im (^eao^
kratiachen Le^er zerapaltenp zerriaaen^ In gerenaelti^e Felndachefti^ verwandelt vvarent konnte der eine Teil dor Denokreten als Truppe gegen den anderen verwandelt werden«
Dea wpr die Auffwbe^ die Marx zu loea^^n hatte «^ die in der Haupt«» Sache aber» dessen war er (^wioe» der hlstqrlache Prozesa aolbat loe«' sen wurrrde« Unbeirrbar entnetei er aelnen jirea lawai d. aa der hiatoriache
f
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262
immer rasender^ Jtadikalisie
6t Krelgnisse und
Fiuesse* Und gaben ihm nicht die Tatsachen recht?
Zeigte das Erdbeben, des im Februar zu Paris begonnen hatte. Irgend- welche Neigunr ebzuflnuen? In denselben gluecklichen Tagen des Mal, in denen d^ Vuilüiif doV Zditungs-Gruendimg seine Strategie der falschen
Flagge bestaetlgte, fand Marx auch seine Rndlkalisierunga-Prognos«
neu«, durch zwei^gigantlsfhe Eruptionen bef^taetiKt.
Des Volk Ton Oeaterreich erhob sich auf» neue« Selbst die letzten Reste von Wacht, die die Krone fuer sich zu retten versucht hatte, wollte es nicht laonger dulden. Es griff zu den Waffen. Der Kaiser
nach Innsbruck* fluecht^n. Nur zwi8c;hen den Bau- ern und Holzfaellern ron Tirol konnte er sich noch sicher fuehlen. Im glaenaonöen Wien ergriff die Macht eln^Ausschuss fuer die oeffentliche
laus" te
Sicherheit.
Schon der Narae be-
schwor Danton und Robespierre herauf. Und wenn das nach in den Fren- zen der Revolution No. 1, Denpkratie gegen Abaolutisnus, blieb, so gab es in den gleichen ^tuni^en extremer« Ereignisse. In Paris machte die iiefcolution No 2, Proletariat ge.Ten Bourgeoisie, einen neuen Sprung. Brave/ Paris erl Praechtiger Blanquil Die drei j^lubs hatten sich nicjnt elnschuechtern lassen. Die Wahlen zu sabotieren wer ihnen misslungen. Die Natioüalversainralung war zusammengetreten. Aber daa hiess nicht, dass die drei j^ubs sich jetzt beugten vor der cJemokra tischen Legalltaet, die fuer sie nur e in Fetisch der Philister war. wann die Philister Frankreichs nicht zu verhindern gewesen waren, sich ein Parlament entsprechend ihren Geist zu waohlßn, so musste dies Parlament wie er auseinandergejagt werden. Rot muasta die Regierung, rot raussten die Gesetze wer en ~ um jeden Preis, mit
263
ItäBü
f
FuklCüi^
d
(
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tu den noch Ke>rx selbst mitgearbeitet hatte«
Die drei Iqlubs wurden zum dritten Mal auf die Pariaer atraosa
gafuahrt.
fiify dli
AroF
Oriimlg entsohloasan^ gaachauackt alt roten Bcanerttg narschiertBn ^le an ^or Spitze Ihrer Haufan iß^eradaoua ztm Oew^auda der Knnmer* i^le
Tueren zun altsunfTsaaal wurden aufgestoason« Dia HOgen der I?
uaber^
eobweriaten die V .rserailun^, Slo vmrde als nv^eloest erkloort — hl* nnus alt 4en Deputierten auf die Strajjsel Die ReßloruaK war4e eis ab-
ftesetzt ericlaart
Orinsl
rtegierung wuröe proklamiert, — es let« die aoue neglorunf!» dio erst« rote RpiC^lerunc dor Oea^ hlohtet Welch ein Srel^lst
aluht iwhr^ Irf^rendwle ging die Sache denn nicht weiter« ch eijanenvaaßs die legitl e Fecleriing wieder Ißi 3a t teil, und des Far- lorent so^ wieder In seinen Sltzunic^aeal e5n# Aber In Kfirx wi^^f^anschaft- llcher Bat2^chtunf:itvrelse w«r nicht dieser bedauorllche Au^^anr ent* scheidend« Ylele Stoosao von vTehen fc^nn/ocl notwendig ic^Axt^ ehe ein Kind entbiin'en l55t# Worauf es den 'OynQkolOr^an nnkorsat^ let^ daao die Stoesse sich wiederholen^ und dasa ale sich mit vmchaender Heftlpiceit Wiederholen« Der neue 3to::a In Paria war unvergleichlich viel heftlicjer
als die vor Irren
üan« und wes noch befriedigender fuer ihn w^r:
achon wu^de dafuf*r gesorgt^ daas der neechsta noch heftiger werdon muas**
te«
bhm 9f9B Land ^vnr alamlart« Die zorueclcp^ekelirte rTationalV^rsaianlune wpr erbittert« Etwas drsstls'hsa rsussto geschehen« In der alli?«a0inen
Ansicht wnren die Bciaten Mltlaoufcr dor drei Clubs Arbeiter Jener "atllors notlonnux* gewesen, die nach der Fsovolution zus Unterhalt der
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Stallangß losen eroeffnot worden mnrmn. Die erbitterte Tfatlonal-Voreörm-^ lunr Terfue^te die Schliessung der ateliera netionauZt dl« nichts als Trüotorißnar der Revolte* pi^odazlerten«/sini|{» Orweade, die defuer fesennt w^ar l n hatten ihr Gewicht* Unleugbar war in diesen Improrl- eierten Arbeitseteetten bisher noch wenig mhr getan itorden^ als smeoic«^ los Ärde hin* und herzuschaufeln* Und w/^.a wichtit^er v^r; Offensicht- lieh war die oekoncmioc^he Depression lia Weichen begriffen^ der Anleas fuer Wotstands-Arboiten bei;enn zu vers !winöen#;^ In er Tat, die ersten Sy»T>tone erechieoent daas die Kriae von 1S47 keinöswefjs die Af?;onle
deü^ oysteims gewesen waxj
duk ^'arx wissens-^haftlich errechnet hatte#
ilütit gnh uiu! arhvytirlich
wirdfingels) f ueaf ^Ig
Jchro spaeter •'the industrial prosperlty v*lch arrived gradually in
the middle of IB^r**) erwoehnen# Aber was irr\er die Ari?pm:i<^nte des er- bittert^^n PnrlaTn-ntß wert sein nochtenj die ^Praetor ianor der Itevoltc^ einff^ch auf die Strasse zu \.'erfen, und sonct garjljf nichts fuor si<^ zu tun^wf^r rw/lss kein Mittel, sie hnmloser zu anchen« Xftxso v/ahrscheln- licher mossten neue 3toens« folp^en* Alle Vorgaen^ in der ^irlclichen Veit
bestaetlgten fuer Uerx die Thosis der fortschreitcnuen
Rad ik« 1 in ierunß #
Vorweerts denn mit dor FormieruwT d^^ Truppe • Der innerste Kern dieser Truppe waren in Jtarx Ilan er selbst, und sein Oenereletab Ln^ (ioel» uncT das Offizierskorps der 300 Agitotorengl die aeber dos Land verteilt **forden wnren/* Der Korn, mit einen Wort, WBren die ein^^os hriebenen Mitelieder des Kor«unistisc hon B^des« Und dieser Kern sollte noch etv^r^s verpToessert werden^ !?och ehe sie mit der Hlveslon rpousnons begonnen hatten, rmren die 300 Agitatoren laetruiert worden, scharf Uös hau untor den Arbeitern IhrervDiqyikte
fV Fc^ei^: ^
A
KS^OwlC
/^^^ fW.'f.'i.. j f^iUWj
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KonnunlsmaM nneher zu brlnf^on; alo zu ochulon mit lern r<»-ntml^sti-
r
»chon Manifest un<? den Koinnjunlotl8ch«n.For<^verunfTen; sie einzuweihen
in das grosso Projekt dor'
I, -U/lA/UA^
le& fevoltttfton'
Eonunistlarho ^el^en von bescheidener (Troesse eter hoechster Ztrrer- Iseßsirlcelt, sollten in jeder studt ^bildet wercien,|worcuf ea eakam, war, dass diese bellen vollkonmen uasichtber blieVent Ihre Existenz ond^AlrtiYitneten durfte i^der den Arbeltern noch den Bourgeola Je bencrkbi^r vcrden. Vtrs diesen kleinen, rehei; en Kern 5;ollte die grooee.
•eco
auftreiben koennoQ«
©•ffentllche Orc^nieation ontstohen« iA^^
|0 war entteeuachend fuer Js^rx, daa« die Bildunrr dieser i^Zel Im nicht schon besser vorwoortc ^ekorxaen w»r. Die 300 Aisitetoren hatten bie Jetzt einfoch keine Arbeiter von «onuoronden roten Enlhualnsnus
yen leer^ In
Stpeöten vrie Brealpu, Han^Up Caoael, Mainz war in -»ochenlan^r Beoue- hunr nicht ein einzip-es Mitßlled cewoa en vor en; in Frankfurt gcnzo zwei; in Cpblcnz vlor; sßlhst ir grösnen Berlin nur knappe zwanzig,*)
«
Df.9 waren «chlirane Ziffern, Bewiesen sie nicht, dess Merx vorerst In einer, j^or letten Ve^^uura :~tand? Abor er konnte nichts an eres tun^als anspornende Drieft an s ine 300 Agitatoren zu achreiben. TTnd fuer die naechf?ten Auf?^^pn war es nicht so - ichtig, ob die 7*ellea schon etTws rroeseer oder kleiner v?cron. Der Aufbau der grossen, ooffontllchsn örpaniset Ionen konnte nit en 300 allein begonnen ^-Jer^^ n»
nie grossen, oeffentllchon Orcanisat Ionen — dos weren die Re- servoire, in denen d ieTJassenV^sai nolt v. erden sollten. Es war da» helle Voröorziianer, reich dekoriert nit den<*ratiechen Briblenen, de«
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• ) Friedrich Enfrelstanr Geschichte des Bundes der Kopmuniston, p* 13
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▼or
'■9Ci oJtal <>on Hlntorztei^Br »It <^ör k<xrnun ig tischen Snhntnn/. e^n*
itirlchton -»^Qr«
Die «rst© Pflicht <l«r 300 helnllch«n Kaanunisten wer «^owoson^ sich in Ihroi^ Bezirk «n «inen Narien als «1fr Ige Oerjcrtcraton zvl machen. Je^^r nusrto sich bemeilcbar wecbon In elnon der 2f>hllonon danokr« ti- schen Vörelne, öl« In Sumna dl« ßanokre tisch« Partei f^enamit wir(l«n.
O'otzt hntton.dtea« Ia'jiunl3t«n Im onokro tischen Oovjand onzufrleden ZU sein nliT^«n b«8t«hen4«n V©r«lnön# Die D«nokr«.tie nuaste ^ntreiai-
__ gotJ
ch#!ir0«>ntSf;hlO9sen»»r, popula«rer vertreten v/ert5oa als blah«i 4 ünter^ dleaeA "FJÄelfhäitten die KoraDuniston Im anokrati cfe^n aev;nnd neue^ •lorene riube zu gcT leii^en — ''.entokra tische sr^'^lt«%r-gvmn1e. '^)'»Benr'opii^ und ans wichtige war,, des« diese neuen Orp;anl3«»tlonen nicht nur ge- grueni'^et wti -den, soncern deea Ihr Pa»n««idluni, Ihr Buero, Ihr Apparat f««t und unantastbar In !«r Hend der fco^'-aaunls tischen ßru-ünder blieb* J^e-?« ^9gan.r <51«per /i(oulla «n-OrR«nlaat Ionen rauante Inspiriert und /kontrolliert sein won em ojwilten kc»r.iaunist lachen ninter2lran»r«
Des T'ar der Plan, den r<flrx erfonflen hotte, xm unter »^er Fla^ß« tle 2ur»rst «Ine ncochtlce Trurpe zu formieren; und ura unter
a«r
der Fla?;^ "er i'enokratie dles^Trunj»« dann Mlsstrauen, Felndsf hnft
und Hesfl ©e^en die uebrigen öenokmten «lnzulia5)fan; und um «chlless-
untor der FJLaR» dies« Trupp« , , »^
llch/Ier DeiTÄkretleVzur Zerst-yorung der *^enokratle zu verwenden» Bf
sollte hicht Irnfiie dauern, da wurd«n ««n 300 lOLsiunia tischen Off Issle- ren im denokra tischen G«wand «in« welter«, atrene ffehelne InfJtruotlon aus der ?ecler von ?^erx und Engels 2U??*?8an<5t« Enpiels nennte ai« «Tlan of Campelrn a^a inst l>«Tnocrac3r*)« "It ws et bottom nothing but a plen of wer efjalnst aeoocrecT",**) wird Karx eich einige Jehro spaetor TTTfiigtav l^ayert Frioc'rlch Enirela (Aiaerlc, Kdltlon p» 127 **) gnrl Sg℞ Brief pn Knrela Ton 13» lull 1^51
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TTnb?>str©ltl5i»ir stellte dieser Plan ttneehooro Anaprueche an die Intelll?rena der 300 ARltetoron» Ita lieuptquertlor lafoeln war kein Mendel
an solcher Intelligenz, Dort wurde statt einer elnzicen
denCK
kratlrich >:eflargrton Or'^nlsnt Ionen
•fti^ih'
(regruenrtet» Korr selbst flgBriarto eis Praeeldent einer "*^enokröt lochen öesells hoff; zwei Hltglie'er des Crsnergl* stebs zeichneten als Pra«8l<^ent^n dos •^f'^elter-Verolns». Ha lieuptqu« tler raiJ» es ^ennpt, Talent fuer Jude Oeujplileu^lon^ Den arrcn Aßltetoren
draus^en Iri Land, die hin and her zu hasten hatten ▼ob Kpcanunlsiaus .. zur Verleu^nonc de« ronnuniscus von der Dsrofcretlc zun noorp üjl n^T tf^turi nn hllohnrf zu.^^flonitet« Aber hier kar: die *7Ieue Imei* nls'^he Seltunfl:" Ins Bild. Die Aftl t.f> toren drattsaen brauchten nur die
Zeltun;? zu lesen, daan betten sie Jc'en ??orff«»n d^a Sclilagwortjf, di« Idee, die I^eschuW Ifiwn/r» Kntlarvunp», Errepung, Knrpoeiuni?, die sie dann welter verwenden koimten«
Die Zeltunr begann am ^ X, Juni« Die Rodaktion bestand aus Mit- gllo'^em des Oener^lotabo. Alle waren •ln<'oochriebere Koraaunisten» Mehr noch, alle vrriv^n Mltplierer der urepruenelichen Bruec^^r Portelj Marx«
nnton |hrt) »UdbIod^ not <'ionooraey*f von dem
4le laiml'ji^ die Strategie, in ^er <^er •Orrnn der Donokmtle* zu betreiben wer«
:ering8te Zu8at!a3enhane mit einer Xoraminl
;
stls^^hen Pp-rtel,
"CxAtAÄ»
l/ulierte Sytapathle
/
EoeaminlnTnus o^^vr Sozialisiaua.
um die Dichtheit der Cariouflene ßin,: Kr.rx aoeer noch einen Schritt weiter. Kr untorsarte die Verwendung selbst de«i: purej/Wortea "
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■juo* anö «»IfOBmunlstlerh", ♦•Sozlalianua* und «•soziallstiach" la soinsa
«
Blett^^ glelchgueltlg In vrelchea Zusafjmenhftng xu)^ Sinn. Ifloht elnciel oin voruöborhußchendo« Wort diooor Art sollte midstraulBcho LMMr auf •Inen VerÄacht bringen Icoimnon« Aucii lierx selber und Engela untorimr- fen sich strllcte dieser Regel« Ihre i^ehlloaen Artikel In <1er Z^eltung «erden achtzig Jfi^re «peetor in tloskau zu elno«a wuchtigen E«nd vereinißt trordan. Nicht ein olnzigea UbX koninen die Worte '»Koij;iuniöXäUö^ ttiid ••koo*» jjunlstlßch* Anrln vor^
Do3 OriTan der D TioJcratie tef;ann vorsichtig« Ka vermied so^ar^ sich allzu (loutlicli aur gerade an die Arbeiter zu wenden« Ka bea^h a^ik«» te a ich 8Uf Al§rE>»Rufe dnrueberp deaa MleKrrunj^enac haften äer ^ero^ lution^ die Volfcssouvereenltaet^*r^^der FetAsch d^r Philinter/-^
umnte tbar sloherj^^ßtellt werde« Daa w
nicht fjenuof^end
eine Sorpe, die viele sich r*Ächten«
Die irauBfliai^hd Nationalveraanurdangen^ die preusa lache In Berlin
und die deutsche In Frankfurt^ ii^areii zuaoiiiOncetreton« Sie hr^tten be-
jsronnen, die bei ea VorfaBsun/^en zu berotottn — die
fuer das
^ecL nlcjit bbateheiv^ ^^elch und die fuor i^ns aeJ'ii' btüetohoivi^t Preusaen« Diesen Beratuni^n wcren Grenzen ersetzt« Die Hevolutlouen axxt deutachea
Boden m^ren nicht republlknnlnch gevreeen« Es tmr der Wille des soui«rae**
nen Voltes^ den Monarchen Ihr absolutea Monopol zu ent\^lnden^ nicht
aber ^dle Konarohieen abzuacheffen« Die itevolution hatte auaaerdeKQ unter»
lasaen^ :en £oenlgen und Tueraten die Armeen aua der Hand zu nehmen« In
der. Glauben, daaa die Armeen Ton nun an Inatranente der Tietlon sein
wuer en, rrnr die Moeglichkeit ueberaehen worden^ daaa ale Instrunente
Monarchen der mmm^bi^m blelbon koennten« Das allee lief darauf hlnousn daas die
yti>% ■ '- — ^-'^^^
T
y
« *
Krsto Abtoilune, Böud 7» P« 8
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V«rf«»8unfr«n aicht oinfacb von (lea Ver«ecKlunf?en diktiert wor^len konnten Si« BnasBten Irgendwl© eis "Ver»iaberun£en" zwischen Krone unfl rarl«iaont zustande korsaen* Sicher Äle Tolkssouveraenltfiet war noch nicht ota.!" ^
<i<Au
potent sj|abXlfllert*
•Brtt^hlrwndorvelse w»» die dai:okre tische Stroecxonc aeberwaoltlip nd aterk;^ Der Druck deo goolnton decKrtcre tischen Willens versprach In Jeder
Le^e naechtlcrer am sein, als Jeder Widerstand, der ihn ontReeeneesete t «er^ea konnte« Wenn die D^sokratie nur geeint und ents hloescn blieb, •( hette sie nichts zu fuerchten« Oeolnt und entschlossen*— des vct di» Fr« dlgt der Denokrßtie eller Rueanoen. Das predigte der Ton Merx abgeschlao: tete/uuge, der jetzt der Puehrer des linken riueeela In der deutschen Sa- tionalTersaraalunf? war« Das pBsdlgt« In der aXita soiiallstlnchen Presse Preussens öer ron Manc abreschlachiete Karl Oruon, und gleich Ihn llo-
ses Hess und viele andere*
Die "Heue Rheinische Seltumr« hatte sichtlich andere Ansichten» Die alanaierend bedrohte Volkssouveraenltaet konnte fuer Irwer und un- antastbar nur durch ßanz an<ire Dinße gesichert werden. Da» Blatt sprach nicht vollkormen klar dsrueber, sondern erglnf olch In niys ter loesen He(?el*| sehen Fomeln* Aber Irgendwie, 6t>ts^ w«r klar, kam es öörauf an, dass noch sehr viele weitere revolutlonoere P^eignlsse folgen muasten* Der ivllle dei Geschichte wer nicht die StebUlsation des jetzigen ZuotandSjT^twloklu^l — eine "Bewegung^ die wir 2« durchlaufen haben* •*) Ken stand erst an •Ausgangspunkt". Der «•aielpunkt»', ueber den nichts genaues gesaßt wtirde, war mitnichten «^erreicht«
Und ganz gewiss z«lgte dos Blatt kein Interesse ftier die K Inholt der Demokratie« Jeden Tag fand es neuen Anlass, sich ueber Ungeheuer- lichkeiten In Lager der Domokraten zu beunruhige» ^zu erregen, zu eoq>oe-
l^arxt Ibld
c
2$H
ren. '•Wadenbelsser" stttOR wie «lex auf# Kin nichts von einzelnen Worten und halben Saetzen, von mlkroakoplarhen Vorgaengen und puren Inslaua- tlonen ^nuegte als llaterlal, uin taeßlicfc ©inen andren der fuehrenden Dewokraten als Verderber der Demolcratle entlarvUn zu koennen. Hohl- koepfe alle, — oder achllDanor: Yorraeterl "Die Verachtung und der
Hohn, womit wir
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270 unsere Gep.nor behandelten"*), erschienen Engels noch in spaeterc Rueck- blick als oharkteristischste Quelitaet des Blattes. Er empfahl der »ozialistiflchen Journalistik diese Technik der Verachtuor und des
Hohns als Vorbild.
In einem Punkt allerdings herrachte volle Harmonie zvischen Marx
^jj^ ^3Q lomolcirttMn-h?" Verderbem der Demokratie. Auch er wer ruer den Krieg, d7r begonnen worden war. Der Krieg irtit Daeneraark hatte sei- nen Beifall.
Seit erdenklichen Zeiten war das deutsche Herzogtum Schleswig
praktisch vereinigt mit DaeneniHrk. Als zu Anfang «'«sj^^J^rea ein
neuer Koenig den daoniechon Thron bestiegen hatte, hatten /Juristen .
die Entdeckunf^ f^einacht, dass diese Linie der Dynaotie keine Rechte
im Heraogtuiu Schleswig besitze. Unter dieser be^uendun^^ hatten die
Deutschen in Schleswig ihre Trennung von Deenewark proklaiaiert. Die
Regierung in Kopenhagen hatte die Twinnung nicht erlaubt, die Verhrelt-
nisse hatten sich zugösnitzt - and die deutsche Domokri.tie war in
BmacLar nationali3tisch«r B e^pe is terung fuer die Bnnxtmx im Horden aufge-
flamt. Die Kationalvörsainmlunp des noch nicht bestehenden Bottschen Reichs hatte beschlossen, dass hier die deutsche Ehre ^uf nem Spiele stehe. Sie hatte den Koenip von Preussen an^^ewiesen, i- Naraen Deutsch- lands in den Krieg gegen Deenemark zu ziehen- Und so laAechtig wnr der Druck des geeinten d emok^ratischen Willens, dass dar Koenig hntte ge- horchen muossen. Die Feindseligkeiten hatten "begonnen.
Knnc sprach ueber die^^en Krieg fast mit"Geinuetsachwoerm»rei« — und er tadelte hart den Koenig Friedrich Wilhelm, der ihn lax und sieht, lieh unwillig fuehrte. Dem Koenif^ von Preussen v:ar es in der Tat
C
1 Friedrich Stxgele
X Brief an Eduard Bernstein vom 2. Februar ISST A^ii^<**-.a<i r.nr 'TAfinondence f^tern« Publi Mf""
p.24
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hasst, ••Knechtdienste fuer die Demokratie zu tun*»^ wie er sich aus* draeci£te# Auch hatte die Hevolution fuer seinen Geschmack schon ge-
nuegena Unordnung geraacht^
Hiflil
>rn»hrte
UnordflUHia!^ Und Jetzt w^r nicht die 'ielt, zu viele Truppen ausser Lan«
des zu
f « »f
schicken^ jetzt blieb die Armee besser uniß;e8chwGiecht
fuer xiioögllche andere Zvecke verfuegber* Vor allem aber mischten sich Russland und Snßland protestierend und Arohe nd in die Sache ein« Der Koenif' von Preussen wuenschte einen Krief? weder mit Russland noch mit England noch mit beiden»
Fuer llarx dap;egen schienen pterede die|4|4 zv.ei grossen Kriegen die aus den kleinen entstehen konnten^ eine zunehmend willkoimienere Aus- sicht zu sein* Er achrieb , dess es echt demokratische, echt fortschritt^
liehe Kriege seia wuerdeÄ, ~ Kriege im Sinne de^ War nicht »^fingland der Fels im Meer, worauf die <i(ontrerevolution ihre Kirche beut?***) War nicht ebenso Russland ein Fels der (jljbntrerevolu- tion? Wenn er die Frage genau besnih, konnte er entdecken, dass die Ziele der deutsi^hen Dernokratie schlochterdings unerreichbar bleiben wuerden, ohne dbss sie entachloasen das historische Vehikel des einen oderVbeider dieser grossen KrietRe bestieg* '♦Sowohl die deutsche Ein- heit wie die deutsche Verfassung koenneh nur als Resultat atla einer Bewehrung hervorgehen, worin ebensosehr die in.ioren Konflikte als der KriefT mit dem Osten zur Entscheidung treiben werden.»*'^*) DrS Organ der Demokratie zeigt« wachs nden Appetit auf die grossen Kriege, die aus dem kleinen Krieg zu entspringen drohton#
Ein anderer Laerm mischte sich in den Kriegs-Laerm# Bakunin zog
if^
zu Marx*&:i8sfallen die Auflriorksamkeit Suropas auf sich. Der russische
^)Riyrt Mfirxr MofagauBJ Oesamtausg* Erste Abteilung Band 7, P# 83 ♦♦} 3ft>id Ibid p^ 25
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272 Kolos3 mit dem Talent zur Popularitaet war zu einer neuen Art von Revolutionär Ismus ueber^e^an^ent zur slnvriaohen Hevolution» Alle Voelker der slav/ischen Hasse^ von den Russen an^efan^on bis hinueber zu den oerben an der Adria^ xuuasten sich^ nach dem Sturz ihrer Auto-
•'Slawischen Bimd^ vereinieon. ^^öbt^rsi SUhv Fudoiatlm^» Im tschechischen Prag^ auf den Truemmern der oester« reichisch-deutschen Peifttna^len eroerterte ein Slawischer Kongresa das
k;^ten, zu einem
Projekt« Und das Projekt hatte »!k' Bakunin|)f
eine heftig anti-
deutsche Note* Unbestreitbar^ der ehemalige Schwaemer fuer alles Deutsche, Bakunin, war animos /gegen^ die Herrschsuch t der Deutschen ^^^^^t.
Alle Slaiven von Ural bis zur Adria. segte er^ haben trotz
ihrer verschiedenen Sprachen zwei v.orte gomein: ••JahrRp^e niemcel^
e5 uui^ft >Trt>^(? ie^ic, c^^ui
^Nieder die Deutschen! •^) Unä urtbeotyol^bar ¥»g,g Betunin zu seiner Ani- mos itset gegen die Herrs absucht der Deutschen nicht zum wenigsten durch seine Bekannt schrtft mit J^arr c^langt^o^yKi^ .
Marx erste Heaktion war, die menschliche Schmutzerei zu ent-» decken, die notwendigerw^;ise hinter Bakiinins Laerm verborejan sein muss- tem (^rfual'm ifiai er ein Qohurko4 Sein deiuokratisc her Slewismus konnte nur eine Camouflage fuer eine ganz andere Art von Slav/ismus sein« Die Üeitun,?. in f|(oeln riss Bakunin die ilaske des Revolutionaers von Gesicht und entlarvte ihn als einen Agenten des Zaren« Sie behauptete, erst- klaspif^e Ciuellen dafuer zu haben« Die o^uellen erwiesen sich als inexi- stent« Dio sensationelle Beschuldigung musste zurueckf:enoimn3n werden,*^ nicht ohne dass fuer alle kommenden Jr^hrzehnte ein Geruch an Bakunin haften blieb.
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♦) E.E.Cnrr; Michael Bckunin, p. 158
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Aber der Slawische Bund lie»s Uarx und Engels keine Ruhe« Sie packten das TheiHG Jetzt v/issenschaftlich ©n^ und entdeckten ein neues eisernes Ge- setz# Der Wille der Geschichte hat gewissen Nationen die Gabe verliehen^ MissionaflJre des Fortschritts in der Welt zu sein^ und hat anderen Natdom n diese Gabe verweigert« lfTm| nur die fortschrittlichen Nationen haben elßene Rechte^ die f^nderen haben keine — und um das fortschrittliche Talent dar slav/ischen Nationen stand es schlecht«
Die ]i|ussen waren vrenißstens ••p:egenueber dem Osten wirklich progressiv"*)^ und dRS worden sie fortsetzen« Deshalb haben sie einen Anspruch auf Unab-* haenrigkeit« Die Polen sind nur fuer eine historische Sej^unde zu einer^fort- shhrittlichen Mission berufen: sie koennen durch einen nationalen Aufstand am Unterpnnp des Zarismus mitv/irken« Aber sobald das geschehen ist^ "hat' Polen absolut keine raison d*etre mehr*»« Das richtige Programm ist dann^ "den Polen im Westen abnehmen was man kann, ihre Festungen unter dem Vor- wand des Schutzes mit Deutschen okkupieren, sie ins Feuer schicken, ihr Land
ausfressen«"**) )¥«* trostloser ist es ur* die Tschechen und die Suedslawen
waren n ,
bestellt« Niemals gHJgjftJUi sie Missionare irgendwelchen Fortschritts, und nie
:unft"7f^
werden sie das sein« Diese Nationen haben "keinerlei geschichtliche Zukunft Sie sind, in Gegenteil, geschichtlich praedestinierte Agenten des Rueckschritte Ein wirklicher Revolutionaer kann kein Interesse nehmen an der "Fr^tfie^dt" und
"Unabheenr-igkeit" dieser Nationen
^Mitell, ü
wuyiiüuhuü und dmaft
mit^ irken^ dass sie bfi^?fl^rq<"-^1t'l Mnllnnn um i'rii (m itnrrrlrhlnrnrn hi (iff li liiiii|
die als A^^e
HS FurLauhrlLla vum Anfang an üü hii:i::.ulhüclL uubur ihn
g^f.yn/^f^n^ iint^ n^Qh hau^ stehen| und
Die age des"Fortschritts"l ver sich ihrer richtig zu bedienen verstandl
(^
'^J Friedr« En^:els: Brief an Marx v« ?3« Mai 1851
***) Franz Mehrinp: Aus dem literarischen Nachläse von Karl Marx, Friedr
Engels und Ferdinand Lassalle, TOl«3f V^2£ß
• •
27^
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'Pßo,^
anfü^pon Mp
Die Wafre doe »»FortBchrlttB" gestattete terelta, die j(las3en In er- weehlte und verdammte zu scheiden. Mit Hilfe dieser V,'age \b f^r>.nn ob bereits ü woe^llch r,u werde», die Kriege In ^ute und schleckte zu scheiden. Jetzt schied die«elhe V/n^je des rortschritts sogar die Has- sen in solche von hohem und niedra-n WerVj)" in solche, die zum Herrschen heßtlTTTOt sind, und In solche, die zur. Eeherrsohtwerden beatlrcat slnl . 2s v;pr eine Theorie, die nicht Terschv/lnden sollte mit den Beduj rf- nisnen der Polemik ge^n Bakunln. Marx wird sie noch haeuflg — olvAJhl nicht lirmerl — benutzen. Sie wird fest In jedem Fall i^*■^^'i^^n'i Into» nationaler Friktionen dazu fuehrsn, dass ;r die Partei Deutschlands ergreifen wird.
Und dann !:aT»i des Srelj^nls, das fuer Johrzehnte und Jahrzehnte das Schicksal der onropaolsohen Denokratie ent£.>helden sollte. Dan Erelfl:nl9 kam, das M-^rx herbolf^esehnt hatte wie Icolnss ~ nur desß os anderpi au.^f^lrif?, im wieviel anr^.srsl
Oh, gellebte Parlser||/Oh, gesegißto drei yÖ'luV'Sl
^0.000 Menachen stanf^en ara 23. Juni 18^8 aui' \em ruhmreichen PIa'^s-
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koennen, wer versarvrelt — und von flen Arbeltern der aufgeloesten ^eteliers natlonaux nlndestens oln Viertel, Vlnllnii-ht olu LUililuli
*Wa Rollten sie? Die Waffen in Ihrer Hand ifaben die Antv/ort denn
dlesir-al v/aren Waffen beschafft worden. Es ^^ab Gewehre, sof-ar einige Kanonen. Und eine weitere Antwort ^ab die S^oi» voll duesterer Drana- tlk, die sich nun abspielte.
Die Stufen des Denkmals fue^ die Helden der Bastllle erklotnra ein Redner — der stellungalose aenaper einer der aufgeloesten atellers*. Mit naechtlger Stlrane hiess ?^onsleur Pujol die Menge, nlederzutnieen.
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275 Und ela die 40.000 Icnieten^ richtete or olno Ansprache an die Toten
und die
Lebenden» "Helden der Bantille, die llolflan iler Barri-
kaden beulen sich am fusae der 3a«ule Euror Unoterbllchkeitl Sie Ila- ben, ^7ie Ihr, Fiit ihrem Blut die Devolution genacht. Aber bis zum heutl/»en Tag ist Ihr Bltit unfruchtbar geblieben« Deshalb rausa die Revolution aufs i'ieue beginnen!**'^) Die 40*000 waren zusamiaengerufen, «1 die Hevolutlpn No* 2 zu mtichen» DdS ^ystesx, dc^s von den £;tluuiea der souveraenen 9 «000 »000 vor zwei Monaten verlaufet und gaschaf len worden war, sollte an diesem Tag von den Waffen der 40.000 Imd^ueltL ^ wlader erschlagen \verdt^n# Slo Vraren gelehrt worden^ und die Besten von ihnen glaubten feurig^ dass dGS ♦'die Freiheit^» etablieren werde« ••Unsre Sache" ^ rief Pujolo moechtigo Stiiome, •♦ist die gleiche, wie die unsrer Vaeter# Sie hatten auf ihre Banner die Worte 'Frc3iheit oder Tod^ geschrieben* Freunde: Freiheit oder Todt^ Und er hiess die 40.000, sich zu erheben. Sie erhoben sich und schwenkton die roten ^/ .
paBneii und riefen Treihelt oder Todt«» Dann rueckten sia ab nach den strateglsohen Üentren der Stadt.
\3ii^ es ereignete sich etvma Unerwartetes. Nichts ist abscheuli- cher fuer eine Junge Üenokr^tiep als Mittel der Autorltnet zu verwea- den.Die Haende einer lil)eralen Uegierun^:, die erat kuarzlicji aaus dea Schrei nach Freiheit entstand^ bellen eich nicht leicht zu^ e4rmH^ Faust« /nS^le Nati >n^lv rsanrnlunr sandte die Armee ^egen den Putsch* Sie gab dem General Caveignac diktatorische Volluiachten. Und Paria v/urde 2iuiii Schlacht-
feld»
Tier Tage raste die Schlacht, Infanterie, Artillerie, iai» llerle, Salven und Saebel und Bajonette. Die Schlacht wurde gefuehrt alt der
■ ■ II —
*) F.S.EfiTnhorg: Geschichte der i'ebruar-Revolutlon p. 400
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Wut imd Obstlnethoit, die den Biiorserkrieg unterscholden vom iCriGe> Unter lon tO^OOO mit flen roten Fahnen konp.ta schon nri Snde des orsten Teges kein üv/eifel nehr ueber den Aixscan^, herrschen» Aus den HaustiB- ren und den Fenstern hoerten sie die Flue ho einer eufgcbrechten Be- Toelkerung. Di3 Hoffnung, dacs ein^ nennenß'^vorter Teil der Arboitor*K'. aeheft öich ihnen anschliensen v/erde, zerstob» Im Gef^enteil, keine Truppe kaewpfte verbissener «epen sie eis die Arbeiter-Betaia lone der Nationel-Garc!e^ — die providentiallpin proletarischen Bataillone, d.ie im Februar gebildet worden waren» Ss gab fuer die 40 »000 keir^n Schatten einer Aussicht euf Siep:» Aber sie ke^^jnpften weiter» Der ülrzbieohof ^fr^ Ton Paris, der Ihren Stellungen nahte, \in ein Ende der Schlaechteroi zu veririitteln wurde ersohosscn/» Freiheit odor Todl Jteine Erfpbungl Sie hielten aus hinter ihren Barrikaden in schv/arzer Vr^rzweif lun(5» J^e wlchr.nze nusste iri Sturm ^enormen v/erden»
Am Abend des vierten Tages starb das Knattern der Gav/ehre^ dahin, die Sc hv^aö an des Pulverdanpfes ^/hobcn sich» In den Strassen brannten die Kneuser, in \;elche die Grianaten oinc^esc hlac^'^n waren» Die Toten beider Pie^rteian lapen ia endlosen Reihen» Die Spitaelrr reichten nihht fuer die Verspundeten» Rache und Suehne und Abschreckung v/&ren der Schrei der Stunde/ in Paris uni Frankreich»
Atemlone Envartuiiß hatte Marx erfasst, als die ersten Nachrich- ten fijekocjnen wr^r^n» Die Entteous^-huaf^, dass auch disser Stoss der Wehen noch nicht genuegt hatte und dass Inmer noch ein naeohster ab-
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gewartet werden miß sse, war uliso bitterer, Aussordeir. \saT es klar ge- nuß, dRSfj or sich Jetzt in einer misslichen La^e befand* Er musste ^^ «'^^
UUjC
scfhrei^en ~ und ^:telbstversta endlich musste er Jt^artei fuer die Gescihla-
^enf^^n neh*non/. Al^or v^'enn er das bat, setzte er sich in scharfen Gegp n-
277
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Satz zur oelföatliohen l£einunt^# Es gab ke Ineü Zweifel ueber die Gofaeh- ie der OerfentllchKelt^VCie v^iÄre^ftmit seltener Elnniuetl(:^,kelt »»tf der
ri^r üiefter. Vi ilie^iwm w eltgrsr.hiio
^n Si'oiifrnj
Die Sieger waren die attackierte Dtjuckratie. Sie verkoerperten uad liut- ten verteidigt die 3auveroeAitf;et des Volkes p den legalen Y/illen der ueberv;aelti^ennen Zahl. Venn twp liu Gerensatz zu^so eatsoiiiedene^ Stlni- rauHfr die ^acho der Geschlagenen verteidigte^ eiititplüoüob j er ce nn 41<^^^t
'* .
mehr von seiner v/ahran Fc^rbe^ als es u^r Strategie der falschen Tla e:&^ entsprach? iielRbcj er nicht ein verraeterischee linss von ZuneigmiE zu
den ^Koten**, von Geschinaok an der Gevmlt^ von Gleichgueltigiceit ^ogen
die Deniokratie?
/\i^U''
Er half 44ch mit soltener Gewialt dor Sprache und seltener ¥
heit der Erfindung^ Kr schrieb eine Version der Paris-^^r Tiagoedie, in
der dievKunst^ >:*re4ßni3se auf ::en Kopf zu stellen, auf oiaen hohen
Gipfel fjesteifrort v/er* 5r verwandelte die Vf;rfceidi^',er in Angreifer^
die /^npreifer in Verteidiger. Er verv^andelte ein Unternehmen zur üe-
seitif^ung der Demokratie in ein Unternoliiaen zur üettung dor DeüiOkratie
Aus den 40.000 Putschisten machte er ''das Volk*» und ^die Arheiter**
Frankreichs; aus de;: Vii'ifliuhun Velle unddon Arteci1;opii| Frankreiehs
i machte er '•die Bourgeois ie'*. Selbst die Arbeiter-Bataillone, die so
entscheidend an der ünterdru; ckung des Putsohes teilrenorane n hatten.
metafcWrph liierten sich unter selner^Feaer zweckentsprechend ^ Was v/ar
denn diese Phalanx der i^arrikadenr vor.; FebriDr, diese ülite-rcrmation der Revolution? •♦Orp.anisiertos Lunpenproie'^eriat'* — **zu4 groessten Teil aus dem Pariser Lumpenproletariat retcrttlert" -- ohenalige Bettler, »es-ebunrieii, Gauner, Ganins uM Diebe", — "bestochne VeKchtmden" , — "sie hfibon sich 1" or 30 sous per Tog zur Iliereriiotzelune Ihro" Brußder
27«
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bestachen laasöa«***)
iclit a
chaandlich v
seaen Blut^ Wfiren die Sie gePi
•Die tricolore ßepubllJc-^rPaegt nur eine Peii'bei aiu Fuilju tb
üLuii itepuilitL gyvfüiaga^"*"J[ Mit dieser Version hoff^te Marx des Iroblem geloest au Imben^ das derauj bestand, ein strlcter Demokrat zu bleiben, und dennoch dtiß Attentat auf die Donokratte urü die bosie/':ten Attentaeter zu verherrliclien^ •»Ihnen den Lorbeer um die drohend finstere Stirn zu winden, das ist ae» Vorrecht, das ist das
Recht der deFiOkra tischen Presse*****) •
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Aber des Irobleia v.Br nicht loesbar# Einen ••clifiborasso von Frech-
*
heit^* nennte oAue Leitung in Berlin die Version des Dr. Marx» Die Berichte aus Paris waren zu klar, die Meinungen ueber das lireignis waren zu spontan und irritiert, als dasa diese eine phantastische Dar- stellung nicht Miss trauen in vielen Lesern haette erwecken muessen* Dahinter iiuas^^e etwaa ateckenl Die Echtheit der demoicrs tischen Flagge, mit cler knrx und seine iieitunp ausgestattet wfiren, begann in liwelfel
gazo^^en zu werden* / 2ieituni?, ^cj.^ami aui
Polemiken setzten ein# Karl O-ruen in d^ Trier* sehen
Der Juni-Putsch in Paris ,
der so vieliB Folf^en haben sollte, hatte unter anderem auch die, dbss
das Publikun in Äoeln den w Marx einen verka ppten/Roten zu nennen bepannJ
Einifce der Aktionaere taten das sofort. Sie erklaerten, dass sie
betrogen worden seien^ und dass dies nicht 9in**0rgan der Demokrat ie**^
sondern offenkundig des öegen teils sei. Sie forderten ihre Einzahlung
zurueck, oder verweigerten den Hest ihrer Einzahlungen. Der Juni-Putsch
in Paria aatte fuer Merz die zweite roige, dass seine Zeitung, drei
'') Ä«fl I^^rxr MtlfHkauei' Gesamt-Ausgabe, Erste Abt# Band 7, p* 115-118 ♦♦> Ibid iWfc*-
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Wochen nach den ötort. finanziell asthraatiaüh wurlo« Dona von dein V^r- keuf allein konnte: sio nicht leben* Die Massen, die I^arx saisiTieln uro rcdikfilis leren wollte, y^lltotjxr-l JUii-fif epethiach f:e{>;en die o\¥ifl;fi girltg" iHUifg^ SaenkiBChkolt und den Hecol'nchen Jargon doa Blatt jg
SeToot in den errnfctoston Aapcnblick: kan die Auflohe nicht ueber 6000
1
hinaus**) . . . .
Aber es gab py essoro Folgen, traf^inchore Folgen • *'VöUfl t'JOAW'-v- ü rovoiuLl vii fjü Ti'U'icutf hatte M« Flocon zu En::'els und zu allen Grev/alt-So2äali3tQn pesart^lüe^orfii pp P31^4 Der Juni-Putsch t^otetc»- innerhalb vvenlf.er Tonate dök demokratische Hevolutioti^-- und nicht nur in Frankreich, condi^rn in ganz !?aropQ# Fuer ganz Europa oollte dieser Futsch zu dor Wasserscheide vorden, die d^n Aufstieg der Demo- kratie in Abotier umkehrte. V^'eit entfernt davon, zuerst in Frank- reich und dann ueberall die Kovolution No i; zu gcbaeren, erdrosselte
die nunilülion !fO 1 / ' l" p r ^
dieser Putsch zuckst in Frank'eicli und denn ueberallt^ <^^^ ^e^f^r^yu. fo /,
Wehe den Erfindern dieses Putschest
Vsb/ v/ar Frankreich?^ öen Koruianis tischen Iv!anif'jst zufol^/e bentand es zu \^T norn tb-Tg \\-\^^[^^\'^ Bauern^ Enp.ols zufol£?.e zu ^'ucber s^vei Dritteln'**'^*) Die Bauern hatte das t^'onifcst ^'n<>4yrevolutionör^, b-*** flonaui-vativ^, ni
von iliren •^zan hgechriten ffrad^ entwickelten Ei.^entunsslnn*»'*''^*'*') ebenso versessen>»*fta frea/t^onaer wie die iiauern) hatte das Manifest
reajftionar^'' "•"**) ^^enannt, und Enr^ela sprach
ioweiL^
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*) rrieclr.Enfyelai Brief en Eduard Bornstein vom ?.. i'ebruer 1881 Geloct
Corrcspondenco (Int. Publ, New Yorkt p. 24 *♦) i!rr::-Enßels: Woslcauer Gesaint-Ausg. Erste Abt. Band 7, p. 5^5
***) Mr.rr-Snfrola; CorjnuniRt Manifeeto
♦***.^ Fri:.c;r. Lnwela: Moskuuur G^oaamo-Ause» Erste .^bt. Band 7» p.54-1
u
t^ k)iHK TiidMe cless, tha ai^wll PMüiufecturer, the shopk^eper, the artisan«»
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Ee v^.'^r -infechste l'ether^itik:, dctsa ein ^Dl^^te tur des PToletfiTists^ , wos Immer df»8 sei, h5!^ ?uf den Tod Terhasßt soln r<uspte der ^Ifr^n- tisch ueberv/^jeltlrenden Mehrheit* Wehe der Ilanövoll von Fuehrorn, deren Gehirn^ die rasende Idee ausF;9l)rne';et hatte, ein solch^^ Re^Tiine einaTi solchen Volk mit G(»vTehreh und K<inonen RUfzuzv/lüir^n»
DiereR Volk hette isn PruehllfciR' entschlossen und unzv;eidoutig die Deinokrötie vprlenrt unc» eocoptiert, Npch den Juni-Putsch versriioben sich die Crefuehlo. Deiiokrotie, solbctvorrteendlich — schoen \i:x\ gut die; De-^.okretie. Aher D'^nokrr.tie reDsart mit ptfonf^oi Zucht unc. Sicher- heit, De-iokratie, befreit von der Gefahr, dass oines uor::onB eine Benäe von Be-iaff rieten aie Herrschaft tn. sich reinsen koenno, Eine
neue Sehnsacht stier 5n Prp,nkr.-ic«h auf: Ordmixr
<_ Dl!.«, ^cujft , oifi ^ftt^btau^i J,
Di* B-quern verT-enrten Ördmi
auf: Ordmixr -, /
p^^^rdnung — des war ^■■•■v Oon
Ca7f i^anc. Und noch bessere Ordnunc: war noeglich-rrwoise, w.-sr wols.i, ein Franzose, d?r schon bei fraehcren Oeley-enheiten versucht hatte, s'ch 't'ino Stelluri'^ in Frankreich zu ma"h?n; 4;t d^nn ab.r funr viele Jahre inr> A-ioland vers.^h unden war; und Aor nun pl^ötzlicii wiener auf- tauchte und sich als Retter anbot nit nclneüi kllnr-rendsn Kanen^ Perm er trur d<^.n ^^anen iv'apoleon Bonaparte l Sr 'vrr ein Hoffe des .grossen
Kaisers*
Violleioht war der Prinz Louis Hap.'^leon eer ri;^hti'^o ^fenn, um
ielleicTvt vwr er der richtlr^o Pmo-
iTT^Aktl«^ \.
wie'"T OrflhunfT
sident fuer die Republik. Ordnund jedenlflllsl Aus aen Music-lIoXls fflngaa Lle''er auf dfe Ordnung ueler das L£.nd — und Lieder auf ^en Prinzen Np.poleon. Sie sangen nentincntel: «»Nepoleon, b>^ rr rT>nd yopubli^sni« . Sie senden s-hT.etternd: "Poleon, p vrtll hcvo hilft)** Bß v.-ar Lm fuenften Monst nech der Abreise des Koenigs Louis Philippe« Ordnung' und der
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Prinz Louis ItapoXeon wer Im Korsaen«
Und wl« Buropa «llo dies« l!oa te hlnduroh In Kielwi88«r Frank- reloh« |t«8rhwor.*nen war» «o auch jatzt wledar* Ordnungt Statllitaatl %en sah jatzt an Fmnkraieh» dass dla Dgnolcsrstle auch groasa Oafahxan fcapg. B« gab nicht nur dan Absolutlanue von pachte, den man kannta, und dar Inrarhln zlvllisart und llbaral sawaaan war, — ea gab, wie alch gazaigt hatta, auch Absolutiatan von links» tind die linken Abao- Itttiatan te nnta noch nloaand, und sie kuendlgten sich nicht aahr «4^
irAlisiar^ an« Dia l^eciokratia durfte nicht dazu fuehren, dasa nen «it Si^orplonan statt reit Kutan gazuachtlgt wurde, I4an begann die Wich' tlgkelt einer intakten Autoritoet wieder bosser zu imerdi(;en. 24an be* gann^dan Wart/ einer disoiplinlerten Axnee zu veratahen* tFatag daa
^u vleai
wXwXXTrXwlT%
öel, fuor die
tTnlinr Inn irTinttiniin
'tuc^feu. cj^c^
sstrauuii wi|HJf, dHsij
•'pfiEissadEAs aaa^ Pariser ftl&»ar^fDle Koenlße tmd Fueirste
wittarten Morganluft. In den Zwelfeln/Ia^lcho die Demokrat!» von
(jporden/ dam Juni«Putsch ^ stuarzt/war, konnte es ihnen viellolcht gelineen»
des Rad der Geschichte wieder rueckwaerts zu drehen. In jireusnan be- gann der Koenlf^ sofort» den neuen wind yorslchtlg zu erproben» Er
erper linentierte Bit kleinen Provokationen und Obstru^tionfm«
_. >
In dem Kop:l^ van Karl Marx spiegelte sich diese neue Wirklich*
kelt noch weniger als die alte* Ki fuj^ fort» nicht die ^^lennchen zu sahen» sondern in Forrein und Abatraatlonen zu denken* Der Hirsch da] Entwicklung war wisaanachaftlich detenainlort. SchUnmstenfalla war
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•in« kurz« Stoolranr: denkbar«
Dif tonmoiBlstlsöhiifi ^lloo Im Hlnterziraiap seiner Orgaolsaiion welf'erten tm<3 wolgerten sich au tmetweiu Auch die grossen ^Mulissexi»
wollten nicht
i.
Organlsnt Ionen im demokretiach beflei;^en Vor<i<
(sin gedeihen« Xem^ einem halten letzend ätnedten konnten die 300 A|;ltatoren
ueborheupt etwns auf die I*elno atellan» unö dao V!^b schwach und ela»
lussloo« Hur In ^eln und lo Rheinland» <3er Danaene des Generalstabs,
brachten die "Arbeiter-Vereine* es auf einige Tausend Mitglieder, —
und selbst diese paar Tausend zeigten nur schvnache Spuren der Inerlteb*
lea RedikBlislerunr» Aber lidrz sess und organisierte im VaraiOB die
^ifety^oAlotely fellüwiü|| prolet«rl^4^3ffovoltttlonr)Weehrend die Ree»
erstarlcte^ graelDtlte er tdwglich ueber neue MoegllchlceltMiB. dlo D^cso*
Icreten i^u9elnRnörr7:u2*elfiB8tt uad gefrenelnietnderzatreiban« Waehrenä sein
dcKüOkratls hes Alibi •chliefiieor wurde^ suchte er taeglich nech xBaea
Ucuich -dmiokre tischen olegnna fuer seinen rwewegeinot demoefaoya^' Weehrend
die Inntinkte f!er UenBchen 0uf mehr Ordnung draengten^ agitierte er
teegllch fuer neue Dlnge^ die nehr Unordnun^r zu echaffen versprachen«
Abor die Wirklichkeit brnohto kein Echo fw» 3chrele aus dea Va/u«Bu
Je vfenieer ihm (sfelanr;^ unso obstinater, besessener wurde er. Der
t U^rx naha bti elaor Konferenz der dersokra tischen Vereine des
(
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Itheinlands teil* Bin anderer delogierter hless Karl Schurz« Der junge $charz KQsnte noch nichts TOn der Laufbahn^ die Jenseita des tSeeres $uf ihn wartete« 5r ahnte noch nicht, dass er eines Tasen aufoteieen sollte zun !^ng eines aaerikanischen Botschafters, Generals, IniMiBii«» misters -«» und eines Schutzheiligen &w^ DeutSv^hen in Amerika« Aber bei
dieser ^nferenz lernte Kerlj^ Schurz Ton Krrl Iferx eine wichtige Lehre fUer sein kiienftifras Leben«
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•»Hienals* wirÄ Schurz sich «paeter arinnem, •hab« Ich «ln«n ISen- Dchon jcrosehen von so v«rletz«nder, im«rtmocl icher Arrofronz d©8 Atif- tretons» Keiner r'einimg, die toü der eeini^en wesentlich nbwir^b» geweehr«! te er die Ehre elnor eialgortoaseen reepaktvollen Erwoegun«;* Jedea, t^v Ihm widersprach» beheadelte er ölt ketaa verbuellter Verachtung« Jode« misellebifre Ar/^inent beentKrortete er entve er Bit beiseend«» Spott uebor die belli tleidenavrerte Unwissenheit dessen, Ci%t es vorgeb recht, oder Bit ebrenraehriger Terda^chti^ons seiner ^^fttlve» Ich erinnere mich noch wohl des schneidenr^en, hoehAlschen, ich Koechte sauren des auaspnoken- den Tonen, Bit welohen er dss/**Boarg0ois*'/ aussprach; uol als «*Bour» CSOis", das bolsst eis eän xin^orkennberos Beispiel tiefer cois ticer and sittlicher WrsumpfuQ/^, denunzwaerte er Jeden, fier seinen Meinungen ZU wi<lor«pr©oh«a wagto»*^
^ki^B Schauspiel war ein uöverllerbarer Profit fuöT den nEcMenk«* liehen Beotachter# •'Es w^r nicht zu vervunöorn^ dass die von r^tsrx be« fuerworteten Aatraegs in ü«r Vcrsctrailunr. nicht durchdrexxgen; dass dte*^ jenipen^ deren Gefuehl^ er durch sein Auftreten vorletzt hette^ geneigt
und
er
Kfcren^ ftior ©lle^ das zu otirmen, ipms er nicht wollte; nicht nur keine Aahaen^er fjowonnenp sondern nianche^ die vlelleidit seine 'xnhaenger h^^etten Tv^^rden koennen^ zuruockgestossen hette^ loh brecht« Ton dieser Vereatünlnnr eine wichtige Erfahrung; alt mir nach ^usetd^as, wer Aln Fueh^rar oder LeJhrer des Volkes sein will, seine ^oboerer tfit Achtung behandeln isusa; dass selbst der ueberlegehds ta Geist an Binfluse auf enSora verlieren wird, imaa er sie durch fort» w»»ehronde Denonstrationcn seiner üeberlerenheit zu demuetigen aticht«*»*) Za Aufbot endüta der FCaonii^ Ton Preuaatn die icleinon Experimente»
(
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Ir f»ln?r n^bör zu ©Imr »«sslTaa Prorokation «or Demokratie« Der Koeniic frledrlch Wilbelc brach <lon Krieg e^^^en l>aemcuirk nhl Er schloss einen tleff enstillstand mit den Daeuen — xuA Hess Ihnen, ke.\m beoAenteXt» diaa Hersotttm Schleimiis»
Der Chook war heft^r* Der pretiBslsche Monarch war alt dlesea Krieg von der deutsohen D«aokratie beauftragt worden» Idee er ihn ab- brach» nienterte er gei^n den Willen des Volkes« Auaserden verriet er die natiODDle Khro»
Die d':ffiokrati8che« nation liotische Es^oerong brandete atuenaisoh* Die deutaehe Satlonal«>VerflAPnXttag in Frankfurt feaate hitzig den Be^ohloas.
daaa dieser '^effenstilletand unguelti({ sei* Aber wuerde sie den Koenig
Ton Preussea zvingen koenr^n, «le ler einzutreten in den Krieg?
Rirfs^endino braMete die desiokra tische p natiom liatiacha Srspoerone
A oktor
8o atueraisch wie in den O^iF^an des D/i Slan:« Die Krlef;e mit Sni^land
t und Alt Husdlandp in die di^r daenische Krieg eich 2a entwickeln ver«»
4 "
< i
Sprach^ waren 2a seiner liebsten Hoffminf: p: rorden« Keine groesoere
«ifl*j Revolution
^ ünordnunp mluf^ krein besserer Naehrboden fuer die nipiMiigfifc^^ !lo*2#
Sein Apx>ettit auf Krie«: hatte sich zxm Hungert zur Oier geoteigert« In der Tet rmr er iwehrr^nd der letzten Wochen IfL einem neuen historl^ echen Gesetz auf die Spur itekcxtren ^^ und in delikaten TK^aschreibunf^n^ so wie es (?en Beduerf niesen der CaBOufla^ entaprechg tauchte dlesea Oesetz|^ boreita in seinen Artikeln auf« **Dns Volk ist bisher erlegen und wird veiter erliai^np bis seine ^Higner durch Beac haef tigui^ der Truppen Ixn Kriege geschwaecht vrerden»**'^) Weniger deliket UDischriebent die katxQunlstiache Hevolution hat nur Absicht wmehrend der Virren eines Kriegs # In den Schriften Karl Unrx^ werden die Worte •♦Krieg*» und •»Re*
Bu^cA
MarxtMefflreuer Gesaeit^^Ausgabe, Erste Abt« Band 7^ P# 375
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;
205
rolutlon" Ton nun an In ongep Terkoppelunp; erechelnen, WUlkomon, Krieg, >iOAler a^p ReToltxtioBt
Und ^jfitBTx atuerzt© sich In den ICaiapf fuer den Krieg, den »an Ihm zu «tehlen «ttrobte. Er blies die Krlegs-Trompete ßellender als Irgendwer. Sr «cploltlerte bis auf den Grund die doiaolcra tische, m- tlonallstlsche Sisotlon«
Sr wuetete Regen dle"felf?e Dlplonatle»», den '•»chlii5>f liehen Rueck« ««:••, den ««entehrenden WeffeiB tUlstand**, den »echrtaehllchen Waffen» stillstand",») den"y errat an der Ehre und den Interessen Deutachlßnfc««**! Hoch das Vaterland t
Br legte die Deenen auf die Waf?e des ••Fortschritte", und siehe, ihre Mltttorwertlckelt, rergllchen »it den Deutschen umr krase« Sie wereh eine nur "halb zivilisierte natlon",**») »»DiB fh/tlsche Houpt» Stadt Ton Daeaoaark Ist nicht Kopenhafl;en sondern Hanburg" •••♦•) "Der Scandlnavlsraus besteht aus der Begeisterung fuer die brutale, «chmutzl- ge, aeeraeuberlsche, eltnordlache Natlonclltaet, fuep Jörn tiefe Ixi* •nerXlohkeit, die Ihre ueberachwaenglichen Oedenicen nicht In Worte Irin-
Frauenzlraaer,
f?en kann, v.ohl aber In Teten, naeollch in Rohheit
perrenente Betrunkenheit und nlt tra enenro icher Sentltientölltaet ab>^ech
•elnde öerserkerwut."*****) Nieder die Deenent
Er legte auf die \vare des "Fortschritts den Krlep mit Daeremark,
"_ fianus war "die allertriv leiste Kanne-
^^ ' ^ •'
* |J§aÜLÖa£iJl *w«*«««^ OeseQt-Au»g. Erste Abt. Band 7, p. 3^6-46
»nil SJ? -^^^ ?• 353
I Ibld PHk* p. 352
und siehe, er wir ^it« Ruhe
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^i«8««r«l**) ♦ Kriörr«, die «Ion "Fortschritt* nuetzen, rferdoa Pieheiligt durch diese eine Tatsache^ — seibat Eroboruni^^-Krler^e ohne jo(!9a
Rechte lind selbst wenn Vortree^e dabei In Petzen Popier »er-
aona ^ ^
rissen ner<ioa# '•BeutachUnd niisot Schlesivlg alt aem Recht der ülvlll-
Stabllitaet» satlon f?e«»n die BarbareiU des Fortochrlttea reiben die ^iMitimm^s^rmm
Und selbst venn die ▼«rti«»ff« fuer De^nenark waeren, diesejs Recht der Zlvlllsßtion und dos Fortschritt©« gilt D«hr als alle VertraefiSg well 99 de« Recht der rose h ich tlichen Sntv^lcJclimg ist.***) Torwaerts In den krleinon Kriegt
Und er l«Rte auf öi<H W«eo dea •»Fortschritts'» die erosssn K
and siehe, nicht nur w«»r kleine An«^t vor Ihnen gerechtfertigt, sie
! ren ein wahre« Rlmolspe5iehenlc« "Die einzig noe^llche Loesung, die
Deutschliad« F.hre. t^euts^hlands Interessen «ehrt. ist. wir wlAdArh<
len, d**r Krlef? Kit rmsaland."***) "Bin Kr4«g mit Ruasland ist ola
Krieg de« roTOlutlonaeren Deutsrhlande, ein Krle«», worin es die Smn"
den äer Verraneeahelt abwafichen kann, worin es sich emeanen im tm^ iw
' rln es soinc eigenen Autokreton basieren kann^ worin es die i^ropa^san-
da ^er 2;ivlllsation mit de» Opfer s^i?in©r Soehre erkauft und sich nech
innen fr^l nacht, inden es nach aussen befreit^»»****) Die zwei bereits
so^^ar noch; yuxJit ^hi^
drohenden ^rossen Triere rundete UbtxYwSx ein^s:^ wahrliaft verblueff enden
dritten ab^ •nfer ist von xntnnr: an auf Seiten Döene-inrks "^ev/osen?
•» , «
Die drei T^ontrerovolutlonaerdjS Knechte Europas: Ruesland, England und die preusslsche Jieglerung» Der KTi9ß wiierde ein Krlep; Deutschlands ^rpn Preusson, Bnglend tmd Hussland sein* und perad© ein solcher Krieg tut der entschluraaemcen deutochen Eewegung not, <— ein Krieg: yrefjen di« drei Groesnaechte der y^ontrererolution, oLn Krieg, dur *^ s Vaterland
j^r^SLM2ZS*fO*top»wp^30Bt-Ai»8^. Erste Abt«^ Band 7 p
♦^J) "Sld "^ St« p. 3Q4
♦••♦) Ibld iMA- V:Ul
287
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In Oefalir^ brln^rt unÄ fferade dofitir-h rettet, ln«1«c- er den Slef? Deutsch- Iftlids TORS Si«g der Demokratie abhuonrlR macht»'**) ^aa war dlases ••Deu.scjfc
laWt ^^^ ^^^ Siefe uabar Ruasland plua England pliia Preassea arrln- «ren aollt^r? War es mehr ala ein naofen von militaerisch inpotenten
^lnifttiir-3 tagten? Klnerloil *^o^^w^ ^ «^^'^ ^u^ie«. /fue^c
/
Abor OS f^b Jcelne Macht ^ die den Koenlff von Vvt^MBnBTi aur Far^ «etnunr dof| Krleg^^ haette zwingen koennen« In Wahrholt verebbte in der oeffentllchon Moinunff «It Jedem Ta«4o8 Hachdenlccnn socar äio Luet, ihr dazu zn 2\*inren# Vielleicht hatte er Bechtn rtaas die Risilcen zu FTOaa iroren» Auf eile Faelle \^^t die Abneigung Rerjen alles , vf*^s neue Unorflnunf? achoffen konnteg^ ein doßinierendor InstinKt f;ewardon# Hach eißire^ Zoeporn und Schwenken sog die doutsr^he Kational-Vnrsanmlung ihren Kinspruch ct^fren den Viaffcnstillstand zuruecit» Dae gab Uarxj
wieder neue Oeic^lei^eaheit. die ^feigen Bourgeois-Jlatureii*^
zw ufthftrirhi
und ihres ewi:<3^en Verrat an 4er Oeriokratie *ef^; At^er Srelenlnso folr:tnn^ die draatioch die Frar^ vor lim auf\»r- fen rtusaten^ >^clchen 3lnn sein ganzer tMifnrvagfrtinpt noifteergioy^ noch hatte« War nicht dar letzte Auf?enblick gekortMeng in dem er 3chlu88 »• chen musste Kit seinen Versuchen, die Dt^j::iokraten auseiimnderzuroiss an
und ftni^ene
Es knn ein Tag^ an da» der Kocnlr von/ Prousson deutlich goaug den letzten Akt deo Dra^r^s eroeffnete^ das in Fruehjfhr mit der Kovo-
lution bePTonnen hatte* Sr e
das liberale Miniateriiaa, das er
dasaals hatte einsetzen nueaaan« Zua Mlaistc^rpraesicientan ernannte er
das^ der
einen Oeaeral« Je* er vmaete, w s das bedeutete;
gefaas Entschluss zur Oerenrovolution endgueltig nefsiii wftr# Das preussische
Volk erwartet« von f?»lnem Tag z^Oi andern el^en aewivaltakt ßegen die
Eu^eA
^TlSn^ Marxr !4>Blcaue^eaat it-^Ausg» Erste A^t* Band 7 p# 354
288
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llationalversamiiilung in Bsrlin, die Verkoerperunß seiner Denokratie^
Gewitter lac ueber d«B Land
Iß in dumpfer Druck v;ie xo:r einem
In diesen Tagen hiiic wenip; ab ron dem Doktor Kbtx. Zu seiner Ver- fueßun/i; waren einige tatmend Menrchen in einer einzigen Provins , und damit konnte er den Lauf der Ereii'inisse nicht aendern* Aber gerade wenn er «*§ nich^ aendorr. konnte, war dann noch ein Sinn in den Dingen, die er trieb? )üoh or
k«M*V««|»M ^« ^Hr^W ^ *«»■.;<« V V««
"t Hua gotielieH nioht nur autaloc. Die Revolution !lo# 2 war y|*rterre ichbar
g Ton nfilniw
'Ua^ ^<2^c4Co^4iexx.ecoc l/i'hic\
denn das Mittel diir Camouflage, so stoerrisch er an ihm fest-
wusste nachge«
hielt, war verbraucht; JeCer
• *J»y*^*»«»*»l» »»Xu»'»«*«'»'«» ■>**»»« «Ma I
rade« dasa der angebliche Demokrat Doktor UaiTC tatsaechllch der Fueh- rer der komnunis tischen Partei war* Die Revolution No 2 war M«i^i*reich- bar dupoB^ Of f enhsltl — denn nur oine mikroskopische Zahl wuenschte
uor die uebrigen v/sr jedes Wort aus dem Munde Marx/*, p-erede weil es ausjf seinem Munde kam,diskreditiert« Die Revolution No#2 war 4M|lerr eichbar durch Qe.ialt — denn es v;nr keine Macht fuer sie zu mobilisieren; selbst die iacht der Demokratie, die Marx auf seine el-
ira Versiev^en, und empor
gene üuehle hattg^ ofßufeK wollen, vibt
stieg die Macht der Gegenrevolution • War es nicht an der Zeit, zu erkennen, dass ^lle Du Ji^haeftiii^une mitj c^t Revolution Ho 2 iHiuliJfeii;- v
geworden war ~ daso es, im Gegenteil, bitter frag-
lich geworden war, ob auch nur die Revolution No« 1 sich noch vejrtei- digen hieBB^ War es nicht ^it, sich daran zu erinnern, dass selbst im loramunis tischen Manif^stfclie Richtlinie aufgestellt^v/ar: ^»w^ith tha. Bourgeoisie^ Agolnot ^absolutfjT;»^ ^onarchy«? Wrr es nioht Zeit, zu stop- pen mit dem laemienden, hektischen, uJUiiiloflun Foraerungen und Parolen,
eines Teils
deren einzi.^er Sinn die ••Sntlarvung'»
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289 •lor Demokrat (?n vor elnai anderon Teil der Demokraten v;&r?
Karl Marx war and r er Mcinmig. Der Entschluaa zur füepienrevolution war gefnsst —er aber sah gerade in dejj ffnofdnungj die die Ge<5en-Re- volutlon «» 6rinp:on versprach, eine neue Oelogenheit f uer die Revolu- tion No, 2, Gerade Jetzt rausete die Bourgeoisie, ihre Feigheit und Ihr Verrötp i^enokra tisch entlarvt v/erden* Er erfand eine neue laerraende, hektische, olnnlooo Parole* Wenn der Koenlg von Prelssen sich an dor
preussischen Natlonalversai^mlung vergreift, so Baas die Sprache der Kanonen p:ßf^en ihn f^esprochen werden.Die deutsc5ie -^^ationalversanimliing
in Frankfurt hat dann die Pflicht, den Krieg Deutschlands gegen Preus- sen zu orkl^eren. Wenn sie os nicht tut, daxm Tod und Hoelle dieser Bourgeoisie*
Es frab nicht den Schatten einer Moeglichkeit, dass irgend ein verantwortlicher Ptnsch die Idee dieses mooo^gea Krieges einer inexi-
(
stenten Maus ßecen eine hoechst existente Katze acceptieren koenne« Uifi ee hatte einen grotesken öelgesctmack, dass gerade olne Zeitung In einer preuss lachen Stadt diesen Krief: ßegen Proussen proklamierte. Ater Marx raste. Und er wandte neue Mittel an»- Pariser Kittel, Zun ersten Mal nobilislQrte er seine paar Tausend. "Das Volk" musste seine Stinrme vernehmbar inach.;n# Seine riemokra tisch te flaggten Vereine in f(oe1nx vmrdon zu einer Demonstration auf dem ^^^rktplatz auf^reboten. Seine Vereine in ^er Provinz vmrden zu einer Demonstration in einem Staedtchen an Rhein aufgeboten«
Er selbst konnte nicjit teilnehmen an den Demonstrationen* Noch icimer war ihm die »reuss Ische St^atshuerf ersch aft, dio er vor drei Jahren in Bruessel aufgereben hatte, nicht zurueckt?;egeben worden. Er hatte Antraefre und Beschwerden gemacht« Er liatte dargelegt, dass er
llltMS
^fot^ekr" *^
290
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damals nur
"^e^^A^A
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f^ehendelt habe^xind dasa sein Austritt aus dem^ preusslsnhen Staat aSStet^elne Gesinnung ausRedrueckrt habe. Ble- her hatte e? nichts Renuti'.t/. Der Softgitt^ der Ihnz damals »«■ üC5harf*±irt '^ erschienen war/ und den er Jetzt im bedauer^^fwTnoch nicht repariert. Juristisch war es Inmer mc«glich. Ihn als Nicht-Preussen auszuweisen.
Er mußste vorsichtig sein.
Aber Enftels wer da. Und and»re Mitglieder des Generalsstabs, Redakteure des Ore»ns der Oeoaolcratie, waren da. Sie sprochon auf dem
Marktplatz. Sie empf Innren auf rtor Wiese am Rhein die Kaehne , In denen die Vprelne etis der -»'rovln'/, anlese hwocmen kamen.
loh on
Aus Duea-
iimlieuanderiJ
Dt i-erdlnpnd Lasalle — ein .lun^jer Anwalt, der seit Jahren den sensa- tionellen Scheldunpjsprozess einer Oreefln Ilatzfeld fuehrte und dadirch ttdliiMi war In sanz Deutschland, und der sich je tzt^-4ii3cht r^aas v\y
eine Position unter den Arbeitern zu machen versuchte . Die Kaehne landeten, die Wiese fuellte sich, die Reden besannen. »*- Und^das Volk" zeigte sich voelllß einverstanden mit den Vorschi aep;en, die En(^els und die Mitglieder des Gflnerelatabs ihn unterbreiteten. Sie schlu-ren vor, eine Adresse an die i^atlonalversenmlung in Frankfurt ai richten, in der fuer den Hotfall die Kriefraerklaorunß Deutschlands m J>reussen gefordert wurde. Die PretSsenv/am Rhein stimmten fuer den Krieg
^egen Preussen.
Und die Hand der Gegenrevolution fiel zuii ersten Ifel nieder. 1 . Der MllitBer-Konimandant der Festung /(oeln fl;laubte richtig Im ainne des neuen /(ursos zu handeln, wenn er diesen Roten und Verraetern an Preussen das Hand^v«rk legte. Br verhaenr,te ueber ^eln den Belage-
^
immm
Kagl Marx
-fu^cA
Gesamt-Ausgabe, Erste Abt. Band 7, p.«?f/ W ^o^
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runfl^-Zusta nds ^ordnete zu varhaftoQ und
29i
an^ eile Hediier bei diesen Denone trat Ionen we|;cen Hochverrat'^zii atellen# Und der
•»Neuen Rheinischen Zeitung*^ die so sichtlich das Zentrum dloses KLuen«»
^•Is war^ verbot er das uroitere Erscheinen« An diesem Ta^ im Septeciberi^
fuenf Ilona te nach der He^olution in Berlin^ gingen die verfolgten Mit«»
(Bflieder des Genera las toba^ Redakteure der Marx^schen Zeitung^ in Ver-
steck» EnrelSp noch alarmierter^ floh nach Belgien» Die Kedektion der
ZeltunfT war zersprengt« Die Druckerei wurde verriegelt« Hinter Marx
schloss sich die Tuer« Alles schien zu Knde«
Aber der ^ouiaandant der Festung /peln in seiner simplen milltaerl-
sohen ^entalitaet hatte nicht die Finessen der Politik verstanden« Die Kiniater des neuen Kurses^
• «• t#^»«|»«#V
vusoschten keineswegs den Doktor Marx
das Hand..^erk zu legen« Ins Gei^enteil, der Doktor Marx f^hoerte zu den der Gegen*f<evolutioA« Ohne tetsaechlich eine Gefahr zu scln^
verkoerperte er nichtsdestoweniger in den Au^en des Publikum© die Exi- stenz einer •roten Gefahr*»« Hur der Doktc^ Marx personifizierte die
Juni- Ifoeglichkeit^ dass auch in Preuaaen so etwp.a v/ie ein PsrieeryvPutsch
sich Jeden Tag ereignen koanne« Wer sonst haette in Preuaaen die •ro«- te Gefahr** personifizieren ^s^cmvin^xa^ Sicher nicht Moses Hess^ dAtomr bedinp^slose Demokrat! Sicher nicht Karl Gruen^ der sich In bittersten Anklagen gegen Uarx ergingt Die Gefrenrevolution hatte kuln Interease^ sich <3er Hilfe des Doktor Uarx zu berauben« Laset ihn fortfahren, die
Demokraten durch
ohnmeechtigen Laem zu spalten, zu erschrecken.
empfaexif^l icher zu machen fuer eine starke Autoritaet« Das Handwerk kann n^an ihm Iraner noch nach Belleben legenl/JDas Verbot der ••Neuen IS^einischen Zeitiuig** wurde wieder aufgehoben« Dem Staateenwalt wur< e
■
befohlen, in äer Sache des Hochverrats nichts weiter zu tun und die Verfol/i^m^ elns^^hlafen zu lasse« Die Pe<1ßkteure karen vorsichtig aua
292
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ihr«xi Verstecken hervor.
\s
Sn(?els hatte 'las fui.e Oluecfc, von die:ier Wendung tumr einige Zelt nicht« zu erfahren« iJer Aufenthalt in Belgien war Ihm nicht ge- stattet worden, Ir hatte keschloesen, »ich na* der Schwai» zu wenden. AVor In seinen Taschen war Jceln Geld fuer die Fahrt« Sein Vater hatte dem verworfenen Sohn jede Hilfe verv/eigert. Ba blieb iha nichts uebrlg, als zu Fus8 zu wen<lern, — und mitten In öle Devolution scbob sich fuer ihn ein t>ucollsche« Zwlachenapiel, Er wanderte, halb iettler, halb 0r»jndaeip:n9ur, dur«h Frankreich, Kr trank die Weine Buri?;unda. Sr laft
^
mit den Maeffchen in den -teldorn. Er fuehrte ein huebaches, fast lyri- sches Te^'ebuch« Selbst die rethaooten Hauern ffe nd er in dieser 3tia- jrmnp »ein putmueti^es, gastß'oi^ea, heiteres öeschlooht, echte hoef li- ehe Franzoaen"*), — nicht ohne sit/dermoch uebor ihre "vernagelte Bor- niertheit" und "stoorrisohe Duraaheit" in den Sachen dor Politik zu m t- ßBtzon, "Drsr Briucr", notierte er, "iat in Frankroich «t« in Deutachland der Barbar der Ziviliaa tion"**) — eine ^+endunpr die i^arx benondera {^e-
I
flclp und o't ron ihn varliort werden sollte • •'Tho closo which ropre- «lenta b»3rheriam wlthin the cqfinea of clvilisation"***), wiru orüli verheasten Bauern bald nennen, — oder, noch pitturoskar, "Troglpdytan" üa dauerte Vi^^chenjehe Engels i%i der Schweiz anjPwkosaaGn war. Erat dort erfuhr er, dasa alles in /^foeln wieder eingerenkt war.
Alles eingerenkt — bis aixf die Finanzen. In den zwei wochon, im denen die Zeitung stillac» hatte ihre Kasae sich bia auf den ürund gi^leert. D«h8 ^pital wer
T
• Die verbl^iebenon Aktionaere
wfliperten sich auch nur einen Groschen n«chzuse:hiessen. Sa ywr ein
letztes Entp-epenk(Xrimen an Marx, das sie ihn fr^-latellten, daa Blatt ala
aejji P'^raoonllchea Sicrentua» weiterzufuehren» Daa tat er — was sonst
kounte er tun? Kr legte in die Kscae der Zeitunfr dan Rest jener 6000 *) Marx Engrelai Meaknueij Oeaant-Auag. Erste Abt. Band 7, p. 541 •*) Ibld / IMd- Ibid
»♦»)Karl «ar»t Cloaa Strugglea In France p.y/{iU^r^4 lai^n A/!tu^ CoH.f,J
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Franc», die er vor olnli?en Moneten ans dor Srbö haft seinen Vater er* heitea hatte* Kr verfluchte ^Subventionen aufzutreiben. Von olner Reise nach Wien brachte er 6.600 francc nach Hause. 7#000 F/ancs er hielt er ••von den Polen*»'). Xr schlug Eh^ls vor, aeinen ••alten Herrn in
1 lIlT!
bamen zu erpressen. "»Ich habe 4ef eltii etwwe v^m^mx iltn iu ü"r flteeoh^i
Der Sohn f^lng nicht auf
flen Vor^Tihlap* ^In.
\ Und <iie ^er^enrevolutlon setzte alch in Marsch in p»nz Europa.
Sohlacht. . S\e schlup: hier und sie aohlug dort. Und die Domokratie verlor Jade\^
«
Schon wir r^p.iland wieder d-r HabAburgi'^chen Krone unterworfen* Schon heirrs^^hte In Prag wieder ein Statthalten Oedterreiche — - weder Bek^unin noch Marx brauchten sich noch laenp:er ueber den slawischen Bund und den Wertet der Tschechen zu erhitzen.
Jetzt k-an das pjlaenz^nde Wien seibat an die Heihe.^Bid e Oktober a^u/^en in die Strassen dee aufstMendl^cm Wien die Grranaten einer
anrueckenden kaiserlichen Anaee. AuseinnUiierstob der Ausschuss fuör
ff die oeff entliche Sicherheit^ Dlej^ Stadt wurde von den Trurpen erstuörmt
Und der Konnjandeur der Truppen bei?infr einen A/^t, der einzig dastand
in den Annalen der Zeit« Kr liess einen Fuehror der rtenokra tischen Re-
lution
teil Rütiuri
vor ein SCandfrerieht stallen
und erschlessenl Das, wahrlich, fring auch den Gef^emevolutione eron su weit« Die : onarchiache Gewalt sollten/absolut sein, aber nichtsdesto- weniger liberel und zivilisiert. In diesem neunzahnten Jahrhundert war es n:'cht mehr der Brau«"h, eiaon respektablen politiac^^a '^^«n^r ;|^anni- balle h zu behandeln. Bleno^U In Frankreich wer we^en seines Futsches
^) Knrl Mnnt Brief an Enrels Ton 10. tlovenber 1848
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nur 7Ai zehn Jahren Oefiftegnls verurteilt worden« Die Cablnette der
••r^nrevDlution ?uchteji dafuer zu 8orgen|./aas8 a loser Akt von ^anlba«-^ Ausnahme blelbe# Üarz schilderte den Ca nnlbal Ismus ^
llewu» alR den wahren iCnstlnict der entf esa«ltenJBourgeolfl ie»
In November bracli der Koenlg Friedrich SlXhelm auf die protiBsl-l sehe Tlationalversa-^nBiluiiiß nieder« Kr verbannte das Parlanent aus berll| in d^s l>unkel einer Idtelnen Provl|s(8tadt» Als die Versa: xiliiaß eich 2u geh/orchen weigerten trieten Truppen sie auseinander^ — und trie« ben sie von Sali zu 3asl# Sie wich der Gewalt mit einen Aufruf an das TollCn in passive Feslstenz zu treten und nn diese Hegleruqg;^ keinfT Steuer ?nehr zu zahlen«
An naechsten Tag widerrief das Parlament seinen Aufruf« Kr war aussichtslos« l^'an komite nicht vaa einzelnen Steuerzahlerr/ er«> warton, dass er einen Kampf wOK de^ Gewalt der Keglerung fulure^ wenn
ti
<!»• Parlanent selbst keinen fuehren konnte • Empoerunj^ aber die
Suhe dor Ohnnccht herrs bte in diesen Sti^on Iid Lande Prouasen« Nur
j/ und Artikeln
K<5rx In i^ooln schleuderte in Flugblaettern neue hectische
ParAlon heraus > berechnet auf •»Entlarvui^«* der folgen Bourgeoisie« nicht nur durfte Jetzt n/l enaiiarSofirV^^ je der musste sorar Jedem Ver»
nehr
snrh^ Steuern bei Ihn? einzutreiben, «^it jedem Mittel !?id erstand leisten«**^) Vor allem sfiusnte Jeder sich sofort bewaffnen« Die Buergpr me ister Jeder Stadt und jedes Dorfes waren verpflichtet, aev/ehre und T^unia/'tlon an beschaffen« Bewaffnete Formationen ••dee Volkes^ wnren schleunl/T'st ueberall zu bilden — genau das, wozu die Demokratie seit dec2 7uni-Putsrh in Paris ea allerwenigsten f:enelgt war«
HlertÄnrt folgte den Parolen dea roten Vpviim AVer war ein Fort- schritt nicht trotzdem unverkennbar? Kein Versuch nehr^ die S»eitung zu unterdru ecken* Offensichtlich wagten diose Herren nioht nehr, so ^1 £iaa M^rx; MAkaueg Oesamt-Ausg« Erste Abt« Band 7^ P# 443
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J
295 »•It zu gehellt wie sie noch vor olnero Monat geßanRen waren« Sie hln^^n lhEi| ohne Verhaftün^^eln Verfahren ans Bein •*• cber nur v/egen des trlelrif^ten Delllctee^ das sie finden konnten: Aufrelsninp; zum WideretanS isreiren die Behoerdon« Und der Staetsanwilt betrieb das Verfahren laes- «le* ünfl obv;ohl die Geschworenen dee Gerichte aussei. liesol ich aue ^n* Bibel Ir^ohen Bour^Dis best^nt^en^ sprachen sie ihn frei« Ütt3 kurz ^barauf «prpchen in Dueeseldorf andere j^annibalischs Bourf^eois den Dr. •erdi-
«
■md Lasalle frei^ <ler sich dort den Kenc^schen Parolen Qngeschlosß« hette# Wie öeAtllch es v-^r, dass sie eile Angst hatten« Nein^^ Karl Merx Hess sich (nicht taeuschenAvon einer kurzen Stockun/:: 1ä proede-*
teminierten Lauf '^er Oeschicbte
Und die Deciolcrotie verlor Schlecht auf Schlacht«
IiB Dezenber wurde In Frankreich das Oberhaupt deo neuen Staates
gewaehlt« Drei Viertel der Franzosen hatten vor deni Juni^Futsch fuer
die Demokratie ffesticmt« Feun Zehntel stincten Jetztjlf^HHP die beidsn ReT)ri«ieflentent^n (i%T Ordnunp^ /Tuer Cavaignac oder Louis Napoleon^ Das VptuTB fuer ßen Prinzen war ueborwaeltl^end« 2r ystv.v Jetzt der
Praesident der 2^eiten frenzoe/aischen Republik ~ icein schlediter Berinn fuer einen staricen Mann. Sein Onkol hatte in der ^sten He- publik nicht <^anz so legitia begonnen«
1x3 selben Dezenber nochto der K:^enl,rr von PreuflMin rolnen Tisch mit f^ora Parlament^ dns ^r eben nus f!er Hntiptstadt vorjagt hatte« 3r er- klaerte die Versacsilun^ als beendet« Aus seinem Recht von Gottes Gna« den verkuendete er eine VcrfassunR nach seine» eigenen GoschioBCk^
und i?niendete einjP^rlpriant sainsr elfrenen Brfindunc« fli vr^r nin
H
IftTy^nfe Tfilt
n^ und g^
inom h(
ihrer 0^
!;uü üliitö
■eninf! w^tei
♦>
r
c
296 Des Land natun es hin lu der Ruhe der Ohnmacht.
Und Karl Marx aass und schrieb. Immer hektischer wurden seine Prophezeiungen ueber die berorstahenden Kriege und Super^Kriega, und ueber den bevorstehenden Triumph der "Bewegung, die wir zu durchlaufen haben". Und immer laermender, wilder und gespenatifelier drohte er allen und Jeden mit der*Fau8t des Volke««»*), die bald niederfallen werde, Äit dem revolutlonapr^n Terror Ismus ••*♦), der bald ausbrechen werde* Die Faustpi/ Gewalt, Waffen, ÜTacht, Diktatur^ Krieg, Weltkrieg, Terro- rismust sein Gehirn schien nicht mehr in anderen Kategorien denken zu koennen* Und die ^nze Brfuellun^ stand vor der Tuer* Am 1. Januar 184-9 entnahm er seinen Gesetzen der historischen Evolution eine froh- lockende Prognose fuer das neue Jahr; fTTnnrtr Inhnltanonlrt fin^ ^^^^j »otte/SrRebiin^ der franzoesisch an Arbeiterklasse »<i»yeltkrie>f ^** | ^irUnd die Gegenrevolution auf dem l^fontinent Europas bereitete ihre letzten Schlaege vor* Sie war gelassen* Der Sieg war schon errungen* Nur noch Aufraemnungs -Arbeiten standen aua*
» t
C
) KeaA MflrxiMoeltauer Gesarat-Ausg. Erste Abt, Band 7 p. 442
a*
i Ibid
Ibid
P. 423
• • ♦ ♦ *
?97
f
^CVül
inmntsTTt
ity Ulli' n^os flifl Ti
ü^h i^lTüUk'UÜU-Ü"
[ik\ In t'i'üi.
Ti
(
c
mir, irr
S^U Tctlon«!lreTtTptR»lunt^ in Frankfurt stellte 6ie Verfassuni?; des kiaiif LI«
elcheF frrtlp* fcle ^giululKf^tp flle4 in feierlicher Sitzung,^^/^^ j4
4» einen K«?lper fuer dieses Relch>>u i aahlett^ T^en aiiuurs konnte sie
^echtlo«
V!>ehleji/ als ien Pt^^erksten (?er Äeut$;chen Puereten? Die aryiMll ge--
^ene l>erolrr€>tle konnte ihre/ Schoepfunr» des r.eich^ nicht mehr selbst
iilt Vpcht eittruesten* Sie konnte nur hoffen^ dass öle notwendige
Macht ritnel) recht v.'orden t^/uerde Ton dca ce^^^rehlten Koiner. Als
ISalrer wxr^t (Jrr Roenlf* mn 5'reu8»en ^er^^ehlt^ Unter unn^sgberer Auf re-*
f^:inr fnhr eine Deputation der \>rBtirjriliinß nnch Berlin uni brachte
der hotenzollerschen rajc str et im Waren des aouTer^enen 7ollre9 d*e
Äent^'^he Kf»ls*^rkrone In^ Ttaus^
tind es preipnete slch^ dees c'er Koenic Ton ?reussen die Kalser-
die kröne zurti©ck>^4^. Vor : oneton hfttte e- den Krieg ßepien IMene«/// ab-
fei rochen^ weil er, wie er aaste, nicht •^rnechtsH^l^^-'^te fuer die
DeroVr^tie^'ijverrlchten vfollte* letzt ^/ollte f?r fuer die DenjoKxetie nicht cinrr,nl Kaise^lenite ▼errichtenl 3r erklaert'3, daas zur Grucndtlnp: eines
tiiuftg t'iliiLS itKljera} nur die Koenißs uiid Fuersten,
Seichs
die IponrAt inen Souv^^raene der Staeten, bei^fchtli^t seien« ^.enn diese ihn aufforderten «#*t Aber die Koenlge und Fuersten hatten kc^ln InteresBe an einein^und einem Kaiser ueb^jr sliix, wiü der populaero ^ille ^tte keine N^cht mehr u^ter nie* Die Hoffnung r^xiS d/^c oinAre, iieechtif;e . Reich br?ich ploetzlich zusaro^en, ein Schorhenhaufen* Und in 3dti erben zerbrach zu^l3i«h die ^ationBl-Versanmlunp,, die dleaos bleich hatte £Tu*jaden sollon* Ihres iv/ecks bcrsabt, trat sie cinfech nie wieder zu
"y^^
einer Sitr^unr zusannen* Dahin Vdio let:ite
Vertretung des
c
(
c
29^ souvernenea Volkes, Dahj.n das letzte Ueberblelbaol der demokratischen^ nationalistiachen Traeune toxi ICtB»
Der Zorn ueber die Sabotage des ersehnten Reiches — der na tio— nallatische' — blies noo>i einmal einige winziße Flaeraiachen aus der Asche dev erloschenen deutschen Revolution« Noch einmal gab es da unl dort fuer einige Tage eilige lokale Barrikaden, lokale SchamuB tzel.
V
lokale^Aussohuesse fuer die oeffentliche Sicherheit»
Ein winziges Fla«raa,chen zuengelte in Dresden, der Hauptstadt des Koenif^reich üachaen auf «Dort ereilte Bakunin ein schlixames Los, Waehre sein Freund und Kansrad auf der i^arrikade, der Koeniglichf-liW^Kapell- meiater Richard «agner, beim Zusariraenbruch der Eiaeute fliehen konnte, fiel der revolutionaere rassische Aristokrat in die Haende der Po- lizei. Bin Purgatoriun begann fuer Bakunin, Er wird to-u saechsischen Gefeengnis in ein oesterruichisches wandern, und von dort in die ver- rufene Peter- und Peul-Feytung dos ^aren, — desselben Zaren, al3 dessen Agent die Merz' seh© Leitung ihn vor kurzem entleanrt hatte« Zwoelf "»ahre lang wird Bakunin begraben sein.
Als das leiste Flaeioachen^^schon ausgetreten war, flackerte ein andvves letzte^ Flaeicmchen in greussen auf — un<i V' ^"--^ Uui^ubuiui, OüüIu^ in der Hhe i nprov inz , in Marxens naechster Nachbarschaft, Engels eigooD Vaterstadt Barmen fiel fuer einige Tage in die Hand revoltierender giiuykiMpei'*^ Handwerker,/ Sti
eine neue hektische Parole zu erfinden. Er laermte, dass die Rheinpro- vinz ihre Unabhaengigkeit von/ Preussen erklaeren muesae. Bruch des Äheinlands mit dem preussischen Staatl Kriyg des Rheinlands mit der Dreuss lachen Armeel Es war die absurdeste aller Parolen, die er bisher hercusiT-sschleudert hatte,v^(oppelt absurd war sie infolge einer Tatsa- che, dltj äich gerade
299
f
(
f^reuaan um! grotesk ontschltlern ßolltc. Es
die Tütsa-
che, c\bbb alles, t/es lalt Ifarx zusannenhinn, selbst fuer diese letzten Hevolutlonaero auf den letzten üarrilcaden bereits comproniittiert war# Sie anhauten zuruock vor der blossen Barm hruni^Kngcls wer ncch Bar«* »an Reeiltg uin dort Tront-Diennt unter daa ••Ausochuss fuer die oef-
fantliche Sicherheit/^/ zu tuiu^ls seine Anwasanhoit bekannt wirdo,
dass die Aufaftaa^jCfi&ut in Bf^naan nit ihm nl^ht ainmel aelgt© slch^
t » -1 > ^ «..«'(•>* «.^
f -• » » » »#«
« • t »« I
• ■• f f> »,< V« t » #*.f »«
auf Jlansolben Bnrrlkf*den ntehan wollton» /Der •^Ausschnss fuei^ oeffant- liehe Slchorhelt''ßms te nlch enta ob Hessen, Plekate in der Stadt an-* ÄUßchlagon, in denen der Buerrer Friedrich 2ngols auffrefordert \mrde.
•^to leevf^ the cjty boundaries todny, öinco hin proüoneo mlght giv rise to a is und erst andißs of the nature of this rv:)vanent#*»*^)
0
Binigo TaßQ spaetor uatordrueckto dos preussiccho lliliteer nit
Und in /(oeln ueberhe endigte ein Poll-
einer Flaßorspitse d*^
2lst den »T^ Karl r«rx alnc^n Briefe Dia RaRierunß Seiner J^ajcetaet das
Koenißs voa/ Preusaan hnttc dei.-» ©r^ Karl ILbtx etwas nltzuteilea*
Dio Heelarung Seiner I/aJeataet betrachtete die Revolution in 7T(^MSP^^n als end{jueltic erledirt« Die guten Dionste^ die dlecer Unrx der Gfer:enrevolution erwiesen hatte, wurcüen nicht mehr benoetigt« Sein
Schrei nach S#paration des Rheinlands
als nlsßtoenig erupfunden
rden* Srhluss Jetzt cit diesem Zeug« Er las in öari Brief, dess er.
""s^BüdBlcyä^iY qtmenayZhBba Er sah sich ••instructed to qult these States within twonty-foiur ho^ors»**
&BT Nicht-Eueric^er, die./nos}jltallfey/Preuggans
f
/>
Zum ersten Itel streifte ihn die Wahrhelt| drtf?a sein A'istritt aus den Staate Preuasan teatneaiwfte atqf besonders scharf berechnete^ Znc { Pborot T» lUJ y ko ^ie os ilm^ rar rley Jfihian eaaghli
(
*)Gtt8tcv ?^r>7er; Frledr. Encel» {Amerioen Edition) p *•) Otto Ruhle: fcerl Marx (Aaerlcan Kdltlon ) p« 165
112
I
;
300 verhaenpinisvoll fuer ihn gev;esen war# ünil er wusste noch nicht die ganze
Wahrheitl Br wixsete nocht nicht, dass er sich mit dieser einen/ falsch mi Spe/^ulation fuer sein ganzes Leben gerade das verschlossen hatte» fuer
was das 2^iel seines brennendsten Ehrgeizes war# Die pure Tatsache^ dass er kein Buerger-* recht in seinem Lande ^ehr hatte ^^ und es trotz aller BcKtauehungen nis wieder wird erlangen koennen «*•» wird es dem Revolutionaer Karl Marx bis zu seinem Tod unmoeglich machen» jemals eine Rolle zu spielen In der praktischen» lebenden Politik« Hach Ablauf einiger Jahre wird er wieder nach i^elieben nach Preussen fahren und sich dort aufhalten koennen -^ aber immer wird er der Ausweisung ausgesetzt bleiben« Ihm» und ihm al- lein» wird es aus diesem Orunfl unmoeglich sein» in eigener Person fuer seine lAeen zu agitieren» die Arbeiter zu organisieren» eine soziallsti« sehe Partei zu gruenden und zu fuehren« Er» und er allein» wird niemals ein Factor ^onjipreter &!acht in einem /foiy^reten Lande werden koennen« Sr wird Menschen» die er fuer hohle nullen» schlechte Imitatoren» freche ]^agiatoren hielt auf den Schwingen des Sozialismus» seines Sozialismus» zu rietigem politischen Sinfluss aufstei^gens eben — Wanzen |rie AlosBy "WasaLI^ in Deutern bland» Wanzen in Frankreich» Wanzen in Kng^land» Wen«-» zen ueberall«l^arum sie? Sie konnten aus ihren Laendern nicht aus^ewie«- sen v/erden« Warum nicht ^ r? Kr konnte aus seinem Land ausgewiesen wer- den« Das wird das grausarie Schicksal sein» zu dem ein einziger toerich^ ter Schritt ihn (verurteilt haben wirdffuer alle kommend^ JahrzehnteV
Aber das Papier» das er in diesem
18^9 in seiner Hand hlelt^
erzaehlte ihm noch nichts Ton den konmenden Jahrzehnten« TTnd er dachte noch nicht in kmunenden iTehrzehnten«
(
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301
c
(
liT dachte noch iur.er^ dess die "proletarilba^ Involution» gm.'iss sei
in den naechst«!! I^onettiiu
Er nahLi alch nicht viorvu*d2WBn.^iß Jtundea, soikI ern drei Tbgo üelt, üs w^r 2U ueberle^'.en, ob er dl« üeltun^ seinen Rodaktouren »ber- lessen soll«, daalt sie (i«e gute V.'erk ohne ihn fortset-^n. Als er sich depiegen entschieden hatte, cuBote eine Abschiedanaraner Yorberel- tot wortlen« Sie musst« se ine 1/ Wiederkunft jn jeaeh h^immuhüna iitf»9L dBi' ■ euulu^ioif wuerdig und nuBtzlich vorbereiten, Sie nussto In d«*r lirinnerunß haften bleiben ale ein trotziges« 8chcietterndei> Pronun* Clanen to, llnrx erfand ein %«% eggeaalieheij Syiabol. Di© fclsche Fiaee« der CenouflcRe glnß endlich nieder. In dieser letzten Stunde hAcote
»ine wahre iarbeVlir lieas die ADschiefis-lfum er in roten Lettern druokenl In roter öchrift, in blutiger Schrift schrieb i-iarx noch eimial das V erde naaungs-ür teil iBber den 2!errorlaiiUö/fcle8 Koonlss und dor Bourgeoisie* ^Dle Terroristen von Gottes Gnaden und von Rech- toß Gnac'en — In ^.er Praxis sind sie brutal^ÄaDl rei^ein^ vt^reech tlich -i-
In der Theorie sind sie feir# versteckt^ doppelzuenglg — in beiden Beziehunfren sind sie ehrlos.«^ In rotar Schrift, In blutlj^rer Schrift feierte er noch elnxaal seinen lcuenfti(ten eigenen Terrorlamus# ^ozu Sure elberaf^n Luepon^ Sure offiziellen Phrasen? Wir sind riö ck-^ slohtalofl, wir verlangen keine Ruecksioht yoa Euch* Wenn die Reihe « uns koirat, wir Verden den lerrorlaLiua nloht beschoenigent^^ Dann 3M}lote>
er
bwi
T.
HAJULdM/li^
Er begleitete Sn^ela Ina Ko^nigreich l ayeru und ^hM (Jrosaherzog-* toiu Baden# Dort war das deflaltlv letzte truebe Jlaefrxichen von deut- scher Inaurre/plon auf /?^eel<»i^on • Zwei preisaleche Leutnants bemuehten sich, eine ♦♦revoiutionaere Arne« ♦•^ zu bilden« Der ehemalige prouoBioohe Borabprdier i'ricdrich Snf?els stellte «iflh den Leutnante Techow uaä 44^
302
t
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)
▼o^n Will loh »la Adjadant zur
• *^^ ^nrnnn
Aber l^Tx ««r kein eh«naiffer Bomberdier. und ep hatte drei Kinder. ^^(^ er hatte eine Frau, die einer vierten Hlerierkunft* entgegen- ßlni?. Und er hatte «ichtlfreres zu tun. Kr beschloaa eeln» äelte wieder In Paris, den iSentrum Europa« ^aufzuschlaf^en. Es ««r kein Geld zur R«lae vorhanden. Aber freu Jenny beeasa daa Tafel-Sllber der Fninlila ▼on Westfalen, daa Ihr^zur Hochzelt freschenkt worden w^r. Der teure Schjlfatz wurde verÄüif^
Und die ü^K^rfltle In Buropa verlor die letzten Ihrer 3<h lachten wnd Scherouetr^l. TTnd In diesen letzten A^t gab es ein seltenea Phae- ^nonen: Internationale 3oUdßrlt«et. Die staerkeren Herren der Oeßen- revolutlon halfen den «chv/socheron.
Der yonerch T^n Preusaen lloaa elnlgo Keclnenter marachieren.vm fuor die Jlonarchen von B»yorn und Baden die «»Araee*- der Loutaanta Te-
f
chow und Ton WlUlch zu zeraprengen. »n^ela und die Leutnants flohen nach der Schweiz,
X>^T Ifonarch von Oeaterreich unterdrueckte mit olnlfren Divisionen die Reste der Demokratie fuer die Monerchen Nord-Italiens.
Dor Monarch von Ru^aland sandte eine Aroee, um aelneraelts fuer den Monarchen von Oeaterreich mit der nepubllk/ Ungarn oufzuraeunen.
Der Prinz -Preeaid^nt von Frankreich aandte Trupren, um SclXuss au nachen mit der Republltc Ron und den fluechtigen Pabst wieder zurueok-
X-Erl
(AJiieriug
r
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zufuehren
303
Im Sommer 18^9 war der Boden des /jontinaits, der im Fruehling 18^.8 von dem danokratlschen Erdbeben aufgebrochenvwar, wieder erstarrt bis in den letzten Winkel. Und was Marx zu diesem Ausgang hatta beitra- gen koennen, hatte er belgetragenl Diesmal war er tragischer geschei-
tert als je.
t suutenue o
Diesmal hatte er wahrlich zerschmetternd« Schlaego erlitten. jOeboggi>
^rhlap war .
In der praktischen Politl war sein Fias/o absolut gewesen. Di« erst« Voraussetzung des politischen Fuehrers hatte ihm |efehlt:vfuer die WueHche und Abneigungen der leibhaftigen Menschen aus Fleisch ujü/ Blut. In einem kritischen Augenblick der Geschichte hatte er versucht, die Menschen in eine Saoh« zu locken, zu zerren, zu zwingen, yon der sie einfach nichts wissen wollten. Alles, was er begann, war deshalb fruchtlos geblieben/ und ruinoes geworden. Die ausprekluepelte Stia te- gle der falschen Flagge hatte versagt. Er hatte keine Menschen hinter sich gebracht. An Jedem Tisch, an den er sass, hatte er Missfallen uM
grausamen Tod der
Widerwillen erweckt. Nichts, was er tat, hatt demokratischen Revolution No 1 beigetragen.
Und war das Fiasco seiner oekonomischen und historischen Wissen- ■chaft «elinder? Die IMpr«a«1nn war keineswegs die Agonie der bour- geoisen Wirtschaft gewesen; im Gegenteil, eine vlgorose neue ||onjunk- t\ir galoppierte. Eine Revolution war keineswefts in dem Land dar hoech- sten oekonomischen "Reife* ausgebrochen; im Gegenteil, die Revoluy« tionen waren ausgebrochon in den Laendern hoechster oder mittlerer Un- reife, Nirgend vo hatte sich aus der Revolution No 1 die inevitable Revolution No 2 geboren; im Gegenteil, selbst die Revolution Not hatte
^\
/
I
{
o
sich nirgendwo halten koennan. Mlrr«nd\'0 hotten die Divergenzen, die zwischen Arbeltern und Buergern wie ueberall existierten, sich bei|f einer nenae^erten ^hl zu Jenect wuetendea. tootllchen Klassen- Hass entwickelt, der R<»Ba«88 l"üur~tliwi7I* hlstorioStly oräoAned irar; Itn Oepentell, In rlesifrer Ueberzahl hatten die Arbeiter einen festen Block mit den Buergern i^bildet* Nirgendwo hatten die Arbeiter gezeigt.
fass sie "kein Vaterland" haben
; Iq Oerenteil,
fuer alle die nationalistischen Interessen, die so reichlich ver- mischt waren raitvdmokratiscben, wnren sie genau so eAtflanimt gswesen, wie irp'endwer sonst. In faot|^jede einzelne Tieheuptung der Marx* sehen Vlasenschaft
▼on den Kreicnlssen widorlef^t worden« Alle iroßnosen, Prophezeiungen und TactlVren, die er seinen -^len- of-b<gia nita^ entnahm, hatten sich als Phantasleen entpuppt«
^^USr an den kleinsten Frovlnzblatt, aiispe
Is ein bischen gesunden Mens f henveratand, hatte weehrend dieser fata- en i.onate alles so
.bar falsch beurteilt un
esetzt so unfoi
ir fa
rophi
glfiubtej*
tockung, ein Aufenthalt -« nichts Brnstes« Er sah keinen Anlass, etwas an seinen Ideen zu een» dern« Br fu/hr in Paris mit denpelben Diagnosen und Proghosen fort wie in )^[oeln. "Kln nea«r, oo^ossaler Ausbruch des Hovolutionskrators stand nie naeher bevor als Jetzt"*), informierte er Sngels» "Allge-
Die Polizei des Praesidenten DainuTiogte beobachtete ihn, so wie sie jerten beobachtete« Sie stellte fest, dess der roto Auslaender in
arl Marx; Brief aö Enf^els von 7« Juni 1649 «>M ¥H- " '"
1
boilicnen ülrkelg' ;ä^ Jraris verkehrte* Der Terrorisnuß der
preesentlerte aicli vor UfiTX nlt der Anordiiune^ seinen Wohnsitz von 'er ^^u^tetadt mch Vannes in der Bretafjno zu verlegen* - Vennoa v/er eine alte, pitturea(|^ liafenatadt am Atlentic» Jor-^nd ••^te den Dichter y»411if*rath|^ und KLelligrath seh rieb i/Marx^ 4 ss das Klima dm^ unfsnienatig sei,
8«^ erkannte, waa die Terroristen ^•iW.ef^/Öl^'^^lten ihn ver-- faulen lasaen in c-iner toetl^hen Gegend« Sie wollton ihn imbringen* ••Ich bin nach den pantinischen Suanpfen dej^lBye^egne verwiesen«*, infoi mierte er Khirela» ^Du begreifet, daas ich auf diesen verkleideten Mordversuch nicht eineehe« Ich verlasse also Frankreich^«**)
Wohin? Mach der einzigen grossen Hauptstadt, die unberuehrt geblieben war von all den Wirren, und in der die Beh >erde deshalb unveraendert liberal, zivilisiert, tolerant zu sein vorsprachen» Die pesr Woche» oder .'onate bis zu den neuen, /^ollor> aalen Ausbruch des ^^^" (<e»eluti ir^nijipa tera wuerde er in !x>ndon verbrinf:en
•r an En/rela, ^ hebe ich positive Aus8icht/$jf(, ein deutsches Journal zu etiften* Ein Teil der Gelder ist nir sicher* Du nuss alao sofort naoh London» (In London werden wir Gesch^efte r.achen^^*^*)
c
*J Knrl l/wrr; Brief an Bngels yoei 23. August 18^9
)
Ibld
Ibid
306
r
(
'^^^^" ^^ ^^^-^-.^^^.^.t^ h/p /w c^. 3^..^^^^
<3
31« kfinen nach London aus allen Leandern des (Sontlnants, Dl« naaen Antcoanml ii^re hlanaan nicht cahr Louis Philipp« und Ketternlch und Irlnz \ llhalm» Dar Schuh war dlasnial am anderen Tuss* Aus Italien kam Uezzlnl* Aus TInfjam taan Kos^uth« Aua Frankreich kam Louis Blanc» Aas Doutschland kenen Rtve und Marx iind Enpels — und^nlcht ^u vorcaas enj der Leutnant Ton Willloh, Kocanandeur der revolutlonaeren Amee von Baden. TTnd aus jedair; Land kanen Dutzende, üundortei xait kleineren jffa» ?nen oder f»r keinem Menon«
Emlj^anten nennten sl' sich* Eolgretlon nannten sie ihren £u* stand«
, Sie waren einiffrlert aua verschiedenen Oruen<1en, i»- nanche well die Berichte nach Ihnen fahndoten, nanche unter weniger drinrlichaia Druck, nanche aua voTlko non freien Sntschluss. Sie /»ehoerton zu vor-
sphiedenen politischen Kirchen — rie
wpren Demokrflton, taenche de-
(.
QOicrßtlsche Sozielisten^ manche anti^^donolcra tische Sozialisten^ nian«»
che mxssten selbst nicht genau^ was sie v/QT^n. Alle veren besie^^tt« Alle
TermeiBten^ besiegt zu sein» Alle brachten mit sich die An tarnen Ismen
und Hesaentiments von poltern — xmA von aorf^en* Fast alle v.i«tren arm«
cnoch Fuer Karx war die Amut rorera^ nicht drueckead« Seine Mutter
rriff noch elnnal ztk seinen Gunsten in den Topf von ^inein Verraosrjen* •
Bin kleines ^rundet ueck in Trier wurde verkauft« Audi Freunde^ die
in Preussen und Deutschland geblieben vmrenp taten etwas fusr ihn«
Tor allen beauehte sich futr ihn der Rechtsanimlt Lassalle in Duessel«*
dorf« Er hatte in Gestalt eines halten Jsthres Oefae^isses die Schluas«»
Quittung auf seine revolutionaeren A^tivitaeten erhalten« Danach sah
er keinen Anlass mehr^ des l4ind zu verlassen/« Br kehrto zurueck zu
307
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(
V
Seiner cause celebre, dem Schal iungs-Prozess der Oraefin Hatzfeld^ Es gelang ihm, fuor den ausf^ewiesenen Co-Revolutioneer einir.e Betraef?;e zu gammeln • Viaehrend der ersten Monate in London hatte Mar« zu essen/
und zu leben» •
Aber Wdlken stiepon auf am Horizont. Sie begannen, schlechtes
Wetter anzulcuendÄpen*
*
Wolken stiegen auf ueberjrf seinem Hein. Jenny Morx {^ebar ihr vjß r-
tes Kind, ihren zweiten Knaben. Und die Frucht, die in ihr gereift
war waohrend der Aufregungen der Revolution, war morsch« "Since wot-
nurses are exceedingly expensive here*», schrieb die Mutter, •! mafle
up my mind, despite terrible paina in the treaats and in the back, to
nurse the ba^tmyself. But the poor little an^el drank in so much sorrow
with the milk that he was continually fretting, in violent pain day
ahd nifrht. Since he has been in the world, he has not slept a Single
night through, at roost tv/o or three hours. Of late there have been
▼iolent spasxas, so that tbe child Is continually betwixt life and
viRoroLisly death. When thus afflicted, he sucked so ■UlBMfc , that my nipple
becane sore, and bled; often the blood streamed into his little mouth,"
Die Sonne schien truebe in die drei raoeblierten Zimner in Chelsea,
in denen das Ehepaar Marx und vier Kindt^r und die Dienstiriagd Lenchep
^emuth zusai'tmenlebten«
Wolken zofren auf an seinam journalöl tischen Horizont. Bas Proja kt einer deutschen Zeitung; in London schrumpfte zum Projekt einer Monats- schrift zusammen. Bin Verleger in der Fseien Deutschen Reichsstadt Äamburg erklaerte sich zur Herausgabe bereit — voraus f^esetzt, dass
«
Marx das iffapital aufbringe. Eih Prospekt zur Zeichnung ron Aktien a
*) Jenny Mpn:
tM. 0 fto Ij-u
ewnvoj vom
Allffri^^'*. nr^*-*"" ^V'«-"iTi'nn Pnnfl 1
r
f
L
308 50 Francs wurde an auspewashlte Adressen versandt* £s besagte» dass die Tradition der '•Neuen Rheinis hen Zeitung** vorlaeuf ig. waehrend der pRUse der ^evolution^ in einer Monats-Revue fortgesetzt werden solle # *
4
Afcer des Kapital, das fuer die "Neue Rheinische Revue*» zusanmenkam, war kuemmerlich* Als Marx und Engels das erste Hoft zusaiimens teilten^ wussten sie, dass die Pause der ^^evolution nicht lanp;e dauern durfte, wenn die Revue sie ueberstehen sollte« Die Aussicht, in London als
Journalisten ^Geschaefte zu machen** ÄOrriinerzielle, wurde truebe#
I
politische oder
Und Wolken zof?en sich zusammen ueber Oreat Windmlllstreet — und Great Windmillstreet figurierte in Kerl Marx* Ideen als eine Art Dov/nim^stroat seines unsichtbaren Reichs waehrend der Pause der Hevo- lution* Dana hier domizilierten |fcm/ gliiichen Ilaui^ die drei Organjidsa« tionen^ in deren VoBstand er eingetreten war und dJe er als das Sprunge brett fuer seine siegro che Rueckkehr nach Deutschland betrachtete*
/
Hier sass das HilfsTOmmlttee fuer die deutschen Fluechtlinge, ein Zen- trum aller deutschen Ämigranten* Hier sass der deutsche •*Arbeiter-Biijf' dungis-Verein**, ein Zentrum der proletarischen deutschen Emigranten* tfnd hier sass vor allem, T:erV»»Korimunisti8che Bund**, der rehr war als nur eine Institution von Emigranten f üb r Emigranten. /^Die**dis oratio- naere Gewalt**, (Uebers: p# 2i;l) die der Bund im Fruehling 18^8 auf ■arx Dersoenlich uebertragen hatte, war erloschen. Als **Zentral-Be- . hoerde** fuor 44e ^^eifre des Bundes fungierte wieder das Piaesidium des
Londoner Zweigs. Des Londoner Piaesidium^ die "aouiialbehoegdo^j kom- mandierte Inf olgedesKen jetzt au0h jene OjWvate^kori^^ Zel- len, die Marx in Deutschland zurueckgelassen hatte ^ und die
'gvelution aie Feg^aeOauiiff
on vo:
Des ganz besonders war wicht igi^ iJerx hatte vielel üiisicht darauf
c
(
0^ ^V #^
htvc iu^q^uth
T
verwandt, dng Londoner Praesidiura soVzu reorFanisler/(en^ das oo don
^^ftttbur ^uüüuMlün '^Indygrlr nnf Knmmi
cht KorMun
wiwröTrI' Er hatte die <>enugtuuiig gehabt, den Leutnant Ton Will ich ziazn Eintritt bostirimen zu Icoennen« Welcher Gewinn, dieser populaere revo- lutionaere KrlegÄJWlii^ J^rferli- indessen begannea -Hiwehiiml so zu scheinen, als sei der Leutnnnt ein frutes Teil zu populaer» Im Konmunis tischen Bund be^^ann der 3ti^ teuere Willich einfach beliebter
-K
zu v/erden als der Wissenschaftler Uanc« Und ferner be^^ann sich zu zei-
gen, dass fler Stra
f 1
Willich nicht ganz der bequeme Ja-Sager war^
fuer den Marx ihn ffeha).ten hatte« Kr hatte raanchrnal eine eigne Meinung;
konnte
geschehen, dass erVsogar gegen den Widerspruch des t^oFufenoi^ Fuehrers da- it dnrchdranp. Marx fand ^
Anlasa, sich irritiert zu fuehlen* Etwas Verde echtipes
r .
im Gang, keine Frarel Seine Autoritaet in der kOLjnunis tischen »»Zentral- Behoerde^ w\irdo untermlnlertl Und es gab aehnlich alarmierende Er- scheinunpren in den anderen Ins titutiouen von Oroat Windmillstreet» Auf den ••Arbolter-Bildungs-Verein*' wurde von hupe und Consorten ein
- 4. .
veritabler freist iger Angriff unternoMrien* Merx entdeckte in den Koepfen
d^r- Mitglieder
•♦bueRgerlich-demokratlsche Einf luesse^»*) •
Er fand sich gezwungen, zu den drastischen Kitteln zur ueckzupr eilen,
\n Ketzer vorRe/'ienf^en v/er:
mit denen er in Bruessel und Paris p;^
••^xco-TOul^atlons eft aüal!i»B*8", (üBbBi'H! p^ 195 j wie ^rr nnnirtrnnrrllnht
Proudhon es «benannt hatte* Einige Ausschluss-Verfahren urd Maeseln-^p».-
flghlBB
fanden statt.**) Aber das
(
*) Kgyl Mari, Chronik
♦)
ooowj Dej^ember 18^9
Ibid
c
c
c
310 3ch*£n nur inmor neue Ketzer zu orzeufjen. In allen Institutionen von Groat Wlndm 111 Street fuehlte Marx sein Pre8tip;e(^«trltten7\ieine Sfecht
Im Jahre 1850 platzten alle Wolken, dies Ich gesÄi'unelt hatten. Die Schlof^ssen eines yer\'nie8tenaen Havels krachten nie^^er auf die Fel- der Karl Marx« . ^^y^ ' •
Die Halme, an deni^en noch einige Ko^fter von Geld fuer ihn gewach- sen waren, wurden geknickt. Lasalle in DuesselÄorf, Freili?;rath in Coeln, Jenny* s Mutter in Kreuznach, tatsaechlit^alle, von denen Man bis .lei-zt noch etwas erhalten hebte koennen, sahen ihre Moeglichkelten erschoepft. Es tarn der Tag, an dem das Paar ueberschuldet war beim Ver- mieter und bei allen Kaufleuten in der NochbarscMft» Tin Berlin stie/? \m diese Zeit Fe dinand Otto^von Westphalen zur Wusrds
ein^
Preussischen Innenminiaters auf. In London worde die
öchv/ester Seiner Excellenz vorn Vermieter ^epfeendet. "Mme Jenny Marx, nee Beronesse de Westphalen«*), wie Marx.^icht ganz ^orrekt, auf ihre Visitkarte hatte drucken lassen, wurde aus der Wohnung exmittiert« "Two brokers came into the house and took po.-session of all belongings — beddinff, clothes, everitthing, even the baby»8 crad/le and the little gl»* 3 toyw, so that the children wept bitterly. The brokers threate- ned to taice everuthin^'away in t\70 hours. jJf this had haopened, l should have had to lie on the floor, with my freezinp children be- dide rae, and with my achinf; breasts". Ein junper Mann nai^ens Schramm,
^fri4i$in treuer Pudel hintop ihm
l
u^vo'ud.^
fi** iroA
//
herliefi brachte in letzter Minute die Miete zusammen, — und
"a crowd of two or three hundred people, the v/hole mob of Chelsae, ^ch
♦) Karl Marx» Brief an Bngels vom Ö, September 1871
>k
Ff
WaA>
.-c'o^
€
C
3U
.«
Tor ^en Hause aWJffannelte^ luden dia Me^pxe lhr> Hebe atif einen Karren^ HB abzuziehen« A^er noch IrTaner liess nan sie nicht* Ks orechle nen der Drogirt^ der BaeCkeri» der M#t8e:er^ der Mj^hmann uiA prnesenticrten ihre Rechnunren* Der Karreh mit den Haboeligkelton rniarte zum pefahr n tferden« Als alles ve2?kstrf* war und alle Schulden bezahlt^ blieb den Uerxs nichts uebrig an Geld und an Gut«
Kein Vornietor wollte die Fm^llie nlt den krenken Kind aufnehroen« Nur fjrollend i^ab ein deutsches Hotel in Leiccateratreet ihnen vorueber- Mhend vUnrtier« Vo-, dort zopen sie ta eines der aernsten Viertel Londons* In Soho iiioteten stejzwei noeblierte Ziri-er.>fuei>> eine Familie
▼on sieben Koepfen^^In dieser. Pferch quaelte sich der kranke Knabe in Kraexapfen und Schreien seinen Ende entgepen« Er sterbe ein Jahr nach
seiner Oeburt« Jenny ^^^x war bereits wiecüer hochschwanger^ --* zun fuenf^ ten Kai in Ks leben Jahren ihrer Shel Und noch iinner wer kein Geld da« iV
Gehören xind wieder zu Grabe f^etraf^en wurde zu fjleicher Zelt die ••Hevue''« Jede Zelle in Ihr 2'«4«w von rler RevolutionyKin Deitrli?vller
•\
In i^ortsetzunfren erarhien, hatte in Knpols Außen besondere Bedeuttuig«
♦
Ir wird ihn Jahrzehnte spaeter unter rtem Titel "Dio Klfissonkeecipfo In Trankreich" als Brofichu.-^re neu drucken lassen — uiiä ihn feiern als •Man« ersten Versuch, ein Stuock Zeitfreschicht« vermittels seiner nrnr" terlalin tischen Auffassunf^weise auo c'.er perebenen oekonom lachen La9 zu orklaeren.'**) Das Theß.a waren die Ereißniase von 18^.6 In KrankreJch. LSerx hatte siev^nn^ch den Juni-Putsch hitzig und hastig auf den Kopf
gestellt«
Er tat ea jetzt tcalft und gruenlllch« Die in in dos Prokrustesbett von V^pur tlieoryf*
■— •! und soj/zereaei^ty daaa sie nun wirkllrh nlt vollko: Ftener Prae-
'io -»fwudcu Ji<! <^ieiuo£i/ H)0\.eu.^fi A<^afc*c**^ ^OUcKtUt/ui <*«</)
Bmrelat Vor««rt vdo(lC9
in Frankreich*'»
312
t
(
C
zlaion in des Prokrustesbett zu passen schienen* Es war der AÄfanß einer Art von Literatur, die bestiiomt war, im Laufe der Zeit Silüm >
produziert^ ztiwerden. Jedes erdenkli^che Kapit«! alter und moderner Oeschiehte wird in apaeteren Jahrzehnten dieser Art Ton Behandlung im Prokrustesbett unterzogen wrden* Der^^erste Versuch*» wird nie uebertroffen vierA%n^
Aber die Deutschen, wie ganz Europa, waren muede der Revoiutiont Sie war gescheitert^ bastal Sie wollten nichts mehr Ton ihr hoeren. Die <(ampagnen d«r Revolution hatten sic^ reduziert auf eine einzi- gem die Forderung?, dass bei der Liquidation zlTlliaiert und liberal verfahren werde« Und in dieser Beziehung erweckte die ••Revui» nicht nur kein Interesse, sondern groebliches Aergernis#
Die ^ampagne hatte ihr Symbol in dem bescheidenen Dichter Gott- fried Kinkel gefunden, der bei einem der letzten Scharxauetzel gefan- gen worden wer, und den ein KUlita arisches Gericht zu Zuchthaus fuer Lebenszelt verurteilt hatte* Der Name Kinkel wurd^ rep: aesentatlr fuer alle,, die nach den herrschenden Begriffen zu hart behandelt worden waren. Kine starke Bewegung fuer die Freilassung Kinkels ging ueber Preussen und Deutscrhland. Der edle Dichter, fuer inimer begraben hinter Gefaegnis -Mauern, wurde zur Figur einer romantischen LegenAe» Welcher Teufel ritt Marx, den gefangenen Mann zu attackieren? Welch disslplinlose Laune floesste ihm ein^ sich die Verteidigungs-Rede ker<* zunehmen, die Kinkel vor einem Jahr im Gerichts-Saal gehaltenii hatte — und die eeoalttoble Tatsache anzuprangern, dass der Unglusckliche^ fuer den es un Kopf und Kragen gegangen war, unter anderem Auch einige eher
gesprochen hatte?//Auf keinen
demuetige Worte
Fall hatte es einen Zweck und einen Sixm, das
313
c
(
c
in ilftr r*r»1nnnn ilm^ t*n< i^wii^ !»<■ im 1 na^n^ »nq»n»T irig<^T»^r.y ^}m.
Unter den Smigr^uiton la London vnu*<3e mit ik>rn und Abscheu vbelter : anc gesprochon« Seltat Frelllgrütli in /(oeln uiid Les8n]C9 In Du«8seldorf, die nlch redlich bosauaht hatten, dar Jl&vvm Abon«dnteü ü In D^utecliland zu verschaff «n, «ahen sich Jetzt laha-^e- Ise-t, Fuenf Karaniarn der "fievua»» «rachianen. Iti Herbat 1850 war sie tot, Rs war das Ylarto journallstlscha Orfran, dao Marx» Hanon tTötragen hatfco — und dos vierte, dea nach olnl'iran flonetan zu^ruiiclegapanri:en war« War
W^
nicht alles, was or enpackte, verflucht?
Aber noch wicht If^erea glni; In dieoera Jahr Der Schwund aelnar Autoritaet In Oreat Windalllatroat geriet in ein
loppiorondca Teripo, Oof^en ihn selbst erho|fb sich schlieoslich eine Herolution. Karl ?*erx wtirda verjagt qus seinen R'iich in Groat Trlndialll< strebt* .
Er fuohlte es naelier koniaan^
■end ein lutüu
r Varrrmxi
Er rionnte nichts v;lrkllch groifen^ es
f^eschah nichts Konkretes« Ks fjeschah nichts als dnsö dor Leutmntvv»!!- lieh deutlich und uneufhaltsara in ^^er Gunst des Publikums von Creat Wlndiölllatreet eufatleg« ^A ateady^ cold-bloodod^ clever^ faS^ightod fighting nan«*) hatte Snf:ela Ihn p:eneMit# Den^^Unterofflzier Willich,
«ehoernten Eeel*^*} ne ante /^lhn\ Marx/ Jetzt* Daß nenderto
den
nichts daran^ dass dre lubllku: ron Oreet Windmlllstreet iniaer wenl^ rer nuf Ihn ala fuf Willich blickte« Es leß natuerlich r^n diaocn Publi kua« •♦Lieben wird uns dor dmokratische, der rote^vder iocmunis tisch« Mob nienals*',^**) sagte Ungels* Aber x:^n wer abhiionfjii: von diescKn Mob«
^f
)
i Friedrich Engels (Arrerlcan :!<:dltlon) p, 117 "rief rn Sngols t» 10« Februar 1851
/
' firl Karx? »rief m Sngols t» 10« Februar 1851 ***) Friedrich Engeist Brief an Marx ▼oia 9. Februar 1851
3U
f
(
(.
Wa« wollto dieser Mob? Ah, Vbttc ho«rte \whl,v«B iwjwlspert» wucd»^ 8i« (^.tohtettia 4hii>^ineD bocjea Ctrakter, ^»4 Sie nannten Ihn und sein« «rpsten Ootrouen **eln« Schwefel^and«»^ die ueberell "die Tisrme öer 2wletrecht"*f) entfacT. •• SchllrsBer, Ble stechen Ihw dae Anrecht auf die Fuehrunp ab« Was nlmnt der Mann Im Bart alc|i heroue? f rafften sie« Ist er nicht ein Fankerotteur? Het der Koroiunl et Ische Pund unter sei- ner Leitung nicht die aerpete Nlec^erlef^ erlitten? Hat der Mann im Bart nicht unrecht behalten mit all den leeren Behauptungen, die er seine Wissenschaft nannte? Ist irgendetwas eingetroffen 70 a alle den Dinp*en, die er, beginnend Bit dere Uanifest, ter^ift dleawi mjigteiloe wiHBeasiiUafi ulf. unfehlto^^if ;|icher|ie4^ Toraussa^en zu koennen behauptet hatte?
Kr warf sich den Wehlorn ent.^egen» Er schrieb ein-3 ^Ansprache der Zentre Ibehoerde an den Bund", und Terlaa sie in feierlicher Si» ' tzur^;^ und lies sl© gedruckt an alle Zueilen rersen'ent Vier wa^te txl beh^urt^n, 6mBs er, Tfirl Mcrx, mit ireend etr^a unr^^cht gehabt hatte? ••Der Bund^j sagte er, •• hat sich In den beiden Hevolution|fa;Jahren be» woehrt* Seine Auffassune; der Bewegung^ wie nie in den Rundschreiben
der •Zentra/bohoerde' xm& im Kormunistlrchen Kanifent niedergelegt
■ 1
war, h«t sich als die einzig richtige erwiefien* Die in Jenen Akten-^ stuecken auacesprochonen En/artuugen haben «ich vollstaendl{? erfuellt»'^*
Ss wer eine selbe tbewussto Sprächet Alle Auffassungon als rieh«» t ig ^erwiesen, alle Erwartungen volletaendig erfuellt? Auch die *>i!agRe->
der Tuer
*♦♦) Ibid
proletarlf9 /l^volution«^? Auch siel Sie steht vor , noch iinner^ -~ nehr als jel ••«MjYrevoxuLion is irsminentl*^^)
: UeiA Proi^esa gegen die AUgeneine Z»6itung*/cenf ^ 1.859 )
p. 136-137 : Enthuellun/?en ueber den Koelnsr Komirjunistenprozesa Anhang Ho# 1, Ansprache voon 30 • üeerz 1850
f
(
315
orklsertc flftr !?e4ncr. Und er fuefte etxtae nnuofl hinzu, Verkucndct vmr-
d« 41e Dolctrln dar "p^nanBenten Revolution" doretworen In »paetor<^n ^Iten ^
Stroeme von Tinte — und ron Blut — fliecsen v/ordea« "It lo
• 4 1
cur olm to nak# tho revolutlon peröanenti untll all the more or lesa I>Oö esslnr class«! hove bo«a dap/rlved of power ^ untll the Proletariat h85 achieved tho conque)fia^ of the pm/ero of Stete^ end nn^MC^hB asfiocletion of the proletarlaas, not In ono country taät^ alone^ bat In fill the leadlnp countrles of tho w>rld, has advanced so far that competltlon betwaon the proletarlens of these varlou« countrles has
ceaaed to exlst«^)
Sir>en Auirenbllok lang glaubte er den *donnunls tischen l?ob* ge-
^o
beendigt zu haben» Ea Icam eine EljlladuniPr ron
-v • ♦ »
Julian HariMy« Dmr Chartiaten-Fuchrert den Vi^rx bei seiner ersten Heise nach IiOBanii so wenig redlcal prefun^.en hatte, war in diesen Aupenblick extrem radicnl« Kr kaw alt 4or Idee einer kraimunlstlschen ^*elt*Asso4iation« Von den Deutschen wuea^chte er V^rr und Engels und Willich neben sich in dl« Leitung aufsunehr^n, von ^.en Frnnzosen elni^ Blanqui-Leute« Ein ong-^ lisc^-frenzoesisch-deutscher Groneralstab der Interna tionelen Revolutl onl Des Projekt mv enon>i, und venn Rnrney euf der Teilnnhcio T/illichs ba^
/ ^
stand, dann in Gott#s Hananl Die •»Societe Unlvorsalle des COBDjnimistes R^olationaires'* wurde f;e«rruen<?et* In dos Oruenduni^^ProtAkoll kam sovohl Blanquis alte Formel Ton der •^Dictatur des Proletariats*, wie Marx* neue Formel von der ••parmpnenten Revolution*^» Fiier ein p^iar Tage
sah i^^arx sein Schiff auf hoeherer Fahrt denn je#
Aber dann kam die Rachricht^ die vor aeinen ac^arfea Augen mit
eines Schlag da 5t ganze
Spiol aufdeckte, d?^s in Dunkel IMmü
(
j
srl Mcrx; Enthuelluni-ien ueber den Foelnor Focznunistenproaass
Anhang Ro# 1, Ansprache v<x. 30# l.acrz 1B50
c
(
316 ge^tn Ihn gespielt vru d«^ Der Stratef^e Wllllcli hatte ohne Marx» Wis- sen mit einigen 2:ellen In Deutschland ;^rrespondlertt Er hatte sie instruiert ueber die Technik, mit welcher die neue Revolution nliitae«* rlsch-»strategisch Torzuberelten sei» Ah, jetzt war alleß klart Jettt war bewiesen, dass dieser Intrigant Ton Ex-Leutnant damit besohaeftigt
war, Marx aus der Fuehrung zu verdraengen» Heimlich arbeitete er daran,
f sich selbst zum Herrn in den Organisationen des Kommunismus zu machen«
u
Und wie sollte es anders seins ein Offizlert •^Die Offiziere*^, schaem-
Uarx, ^sind in Revolutionen stets die gefaehrllchsten* Ton Lafayette bis Napoleon eine Kette von Verraetereien« Man muss immer Dolch uxd Gift fuer sie bereit halten.«**)
Der Oef^ensohla^^, zu dem er ausholte, benuetzte nicht Dolch und Gift« Sr attackierte Wllllch mit Wissensohaft« Wissenschaftlich, sagte er, Ist **elne neue Revolution nur moeglich im Gefolge einer neuen Wirt-
Sic i^t <>-f<X
Schafts --Kr isls^ obwohl olg auch ebenso sicher ist wie dlese#«»**) In den Anweisungen des Leutn/^nt dagegen, explizierte er, sei die neue Devolution so behandelt worden, als ob sie allein von der mllitaeri- sehen Vorbereitung abhaenge* Er beschuldigte den Leutnant, durch sei* nen Manr^el an Wissenflohaftllchkeit moegl icherweise verfruehte Aufstaende hervorzurufen, und damit unermessliches Unheil anzurichtenl Der Laut* nant antwortete, dass kein vernuenftlger Mensch mehr an die leeren,
bombastischen Behauptunr^en glaube, die Itarx als Vfis* senf(ohaft praesentlere« lLf^TX replizierte, dass das nackter Verrat an dem ganzen Inhalt des Komofnunismus sei« Der Streit tobte wuetend»
c
*) Karl Vogt: Köln Frozess ^efren die Allf^emelne Zeitung;;. /denf 1859^p»I53
IIIi p
XX y»*/ Algj-e : KttatuiiM,
Omd (••* i-trrtiri/J,'^ i, jtrMoy. 4 ufe^f,'^ ^ arA'^/o/
Qdi* fC». /X\*i.j9j ^. /Is-
t
()
317
Ka war ©in kuenstllcher Streit. Denn ob mit oder ohnm lirt- schaftokris«: beide Parteien hielten die neue Revolution fuer "Immi- nent". Im ersten Heft 8oiner"Revue« war Marx so weit gegangen, so- wohl die Kris*^ wie die Revolution wissenschaftlich praezis fuer
*»paetesteaa August 1850**) vorauszusaf.en. Jetzt, da der Aus^ust 1850
prolongieren* da wnr, nmsste er den Termin na tu<?rlich XMxXmmifpBtm Aber er rech-
nete Jetzt ^ifeiit 1851, und damit rechnete auch «lllich. Praktisch glaubten beide das gleiche — und beide, nebenbei, etwns gleich fal- schesl Wieder einmel, wie schon so oft, versuchte Marx, einan rein persoenlichen Konflikt den Anschein eines Konfliktes ueber Doktrinen zu ireben. Jeder verstand das dieses Mal. Der Abfall von Marx schritt fort. "Der Great Windmill-Ritter Willich hat seine Nobelgarde um eini- M qunlifi^^^zlerte Strauchdiebe und Lumpazi verraehrt" , *♦ ) beschrieb Jenny Marx die Entv,?lcklung -ini Koranunist lachen Bund.
In diesen Tagen kam nach London der andere der zwei Leutnants, die in Baden die "revolutionaere Armee* «osinandiert hatten. Und der Leutnant vTechow befand sich kaum in der Stadt, da suchte ihn zu seiner Uerraschunf: Bngels auf und fuehrte ihn mit sich in ein Weinbaus. Dort wartete Uarz^ den der AnkoemialiJög noch nicht kannte^ in Begleitung seines Adc^latue Schramme Wein wurde aufgetragen — reichlich* Und dann kern ein Offert, das den ahnungslosen Leutnant et#as verwirrte • '»Sie wollen micji mit Gewalt haben*», schrieb er sofort nach der
c
*) Karl Mb
iHUHMSHubeu V. llUilltut MaM«^ 20. Maerz 1P50. Ebenso Gustaf ?iayert
Friedrich Engels (American Edition) p. 12?
d
/
(
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318
Düiterre'lunf: sn ©inen 7reund| ^Ich kann noch ijwir nichfc tögrcifen^ we- rttw^ V.pTx sr«;t;^ mlr^ sie brcuchtcn notTvendlg n>ch eine mllitö«rieciwi Orooflsre neben Wlllich ^to vor "Rihseltifty^lt ireac^hue-^zt zu eela» 2r bot mit floher ohne w.^lteree on^ in Ihre •Senti-al-Behoerdc* einzutreten^***) Die Untorhr^ltunt eriuetc clt em V .rcprcchöjj Te^'ho\/3^ in eini,:eri Ta/:« d:.e Ant^vort zu reben«
b\M^ inm»Af:o^4»n^hri0b
er oeinon Brief ^ um\ schilderte seinen Kindru k- von !^arx# Uad der Eladrucl: v.'or lebhaft« Dean hier hoei^te j»^
«
©end Tfirr wio<^or einnal in den ZiiRtnnd rec^.cn^ in den ihn oinst der lecöktour Hölnzcn in der Kleiner Kneipe so oft ht tö reden hoercn« •*v;ir trenkon zu^irot Porto, dann roten Eord»;öuz, dann Chc^-izpagner'^^ be- riclitote der Briefe •^llpch den Rotwein vmr »^r r^alll^ besoffen« Das war nir sehr erwueiiP^ht, d^^nn er wir de offenherzlRcr, als er sonnt viel-» leicht Rov/esen \Trere9 loh nrhielt C#cKinsh-;it uebor lle^nches, vaa air sonr.t mir V^rrtutunr ^ieblle>^en \^ere«'*
SeJ.bst in »lor Zn^ten^^ der Tru ikenheit •»loherrschto Unrx die Unier-^ lleltuof: biß ans Ende*^« Hr Inpon.lorte sel^iem Gast, b4} i.i-!; iir Bcla'r. — t;^
vH'lf5
jir gOYiSroo T
tl^44X
pyonturt hatit>^ ^ Er hat nir den Ein- druck ntoht nuiVöfjiten^ r :lstir^n ITeberleronhelt, r^ondcrn nuch olnor bed'vutenöGn Pprsoenllchkeit f^eracht« Haette er ebensoviel Herz wie Verstand, ebenaovlcl Llet^e v/io na«s, ^.aan wier' e IM fuer inn durchs Feuer ^ehon. Er irt der erste und einzir;e von u-iß Allen, dorn Ich das Seui?: zutreue, zu herrachen^*
''Aber ic^4 hfibe dlt üebo^ z^^u^ng^, fuhr der revjfolutionaere E3>
OffiÄl'-T fort, ^'dßss fier rrefeehrlir^hsfe ^ero enltche Ehrr!;elz in iha alles Crute zerfressen hat« Trotz eilen seinen Yersichorunren v<m Cre- genteil, vielleicht p:er9de duroh aie^ bebe ich den Eindruck mit ??;enoßmon.
rl Vop;t: Üeln Prozeas re^en die Allgemeine Zeitung (Genf ^ 1859ip# 142
t
c
319 önss seine persoenllch« Herrschaft der Zweck eil seines Treibens Ist*.
Er schilderte die Art, In der Marx dort herrschte, wo er herrschen
konnte, "Engels und alle seine alten Soclen sind trotz mancher huebschen
Talente weit unter und hinter ihn, und wa^en sie das einmal zu vergessen^
so stuckst er sie in ihr Verhaeltnis zurueok mit einer ünverschaemthelt,
die eines Napoleon wuerdig, Engels ist der geschaeftlge, stets klaeffende
Spitzel, macht durch 2iank:en, Luefren, Unrerschßeinthoit die kleinen Geschaef
te ab, Schranan (ein netter Junger Kerl) scheint eine Art fon Fa«irlch Pi-
8tol zu spleln* Kr trhaalt gelegntlich gefaehrllche Sendungen und dergleX^ Und er machte eine selteeme Beobachtung« «»Die einzigen, die er wirk- lieh achtet, sind die Aristokraten«*, berichtete Techow, »»die reinen Ari- stokreten, die, die es mit Bewusstsein sind»^ Das war es, was der Leut«» npnt hernushoerte/ aus Iterx^ Reden« Er wer niemals dabei gewesen^ wenn Marx und Enpels sich unter ein^^nder ueber ••die dunimen Jungens von Arbei- tern"^ f|>T-»lÄM die ••Esel'*, »»den roten, sogar kommunistischen Mob»« (üeberoi-,
ausliessen« Erstaunt hoerte er Jetzt den Propheten des Proleta- rismus fuer den Adel s.-hwaerrjeÄ ~ fner die echten, eaftlRen, klassenbe- wussten Feudalherrn, die vor Jahrhunderten verstanden hatten, die miaera plebs unter ihre Gewalt zu briaf^en, und die diese Gewalt Jahrhunderte lan^ zu wahren und anzuwenden verstanden hatten« Den alten Adel 2u ersetze, durch einen neuen, die xnisera plebs aus der Gewalt ihrer bisherigen /Su- dal-^errn In die Gewalt eines anderen, rot drapierten, proletarisch dra- pierten feudalherm zu bringen — das schien sich in die.*=5er Unterhaltung als die wahre Vision Karl Marx* zu entpuppen« •^Um die Aristokraten von der üerrschaft zu verdraengen, braucht m± eine Kraft, die er allein in den Proletariern findet« Deshalb hat er sein System auf sie zugeschnitten« Aber er lacht u:?ber die Narren, y lehe ihm seinen Proletarler-Katechis- mus nachbeten« ••
Und dann kam ein Pros^iptum« Ss hatte sich etw^s ereignet«
J4^
t^
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>
m Bin«
Pistole wurde f^ezo^en von den aotten June«n Kerl, "der golee«ntlloh «'efr» ehrliche Uisslonen erhaelt/*.
•loh h»be diesen Brief eo iRnge ließen lessen*, erzaehlte das Poatsoriptora, *wtll eine Krise bevorstand, deren Ende ich erwartete« Die 3ache ist die: Gleich in Aafen« hatte ich eine Klsstl^aounß »wi-
schen willloh einerseits und Wprx und seineca Anhang andrerseits be-
eu4A
merkt« Die Seche irlne welter, als ich dachte und vor etwa «: Te^n ist sie zuB Klappan frekoaMn. Irgend eine Rlelchgueltlge Veranlassung in d«n FluechtllD«!:8T0initte« het dns Signal ge^^ben« Jene haben gegen Vllllch Ihren Charapion Sohr^raa losf^elassen, der Ihn nlt den poebel- haftesten Invektiven angegriffen, schlles; lieh zuci Duell gefordert hat.Wllllch hat die Fordorun^ angonoptnen, neriontlich aus Huecfcslcht auf die rrftnzosen, »onst heette SchraEsn vxihl k«un diese Ehre verdient» Dpa elso Ist der persoenliche Bruch« Dia Rueckwirkun^?; euf die
kann nicht nusbleitea« 31© wird sich nicht nur auf die hiesigen Fli»oh%» lin^sTerhaeltnisse, sondern mutnasrlich auch auf den Korsaaunln tischen
Bund
rächen. Oesehiebt es so, dt tm worden die ekelhaften
Intrlguen und gemeinen Klatschereien, welche Marx und Co^y bisher im Kleinen orf^nnislert hatten, wahr» heinl loh 1"^ örosson spielen, na- aientlich rucb in ihrer literarischen Taeti^^eit« Es ist sehr, sehr schade UD so bedeutende Talente, die es zuletzt nur deo Schund der menschlichen Oesells haft noch moeßlich machen, sich mit ihnen v^T* aoenlich zu Tereini^eli***)
in
Dns Duell fand statt« Es v/nr auf Tod und Leben g^aeint« und drohte dee Oe*lnner der Oalgen« so fuhren die Farteiea
*) Karl Yogtt Mein Prozess mit 4er AUgemeinön ;seitung« Oenf, 1859
p. U2-157
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rkftch Belgien binu«b«r« Ss nab, glueokllcherwels«, keinen Toton* Ss Itsb nur einen Verwundeten, und das war nicht Willich« sonr". ern sein Gegner* Aber die Sctiuesae auf der Vlese itt Ostende erledigten nicht die Affeere^ »ondern brechton die Kevolutlon fieeen ^Aie Sch\?efelband#^' z\m offenen^ brutalen^ laerraendan Auabruch« Und es ^inr alles d#hr raso]
Sturm e^t^^n Marx in den awil minderen Organisationen ron Qreat Wlndslllstreet — Hiaausirarf« Sturm ger^n Ihn im KOTiSiunlst^ön Bund --• und ein Versuch ii%r ^Schwefelbande^ dem Hinauswarf durch ein ISanoe« ver zu Qnt5?ehen»In elnei;^ fJLCoujLft^ In 1ei(^ sie ^ufaelllg flMt allein
Pffinff fi1eif(^Zentral^ehaerdeyvoü iporufon Mich|rKoeln« D^nn die In Koeln
verbliebene ^^elle wur Karxeim sichere IX^^aene« Dort k:ann);e nan nur
und geho^rohte Ihn^ «iiisriSMiaMBWl nur Ihm^ ob er aniMM#nd oder abwesend war# Aber ^ce
Deberrumpeltinp vnir^m nicht enex^annt« 2wel ••Zentral**Behoerden*>, eine in London^ eine in Koeln, bestritten eich gegeneeltlit ihre Existenz» Woraufhin der Londoner Zweig ^dle 3chv,^relbande* auaschloss, -«• wo* rauf hin K^rx jrolnorpelts (iBn ganzen Londoner Slwelp: als au^f^eschlos*»
Ben erklaeren Hess« Aber weehrend das letztere Fictlon war, ^fmr das erstere Reelltaet jTTnd nicht elnpel das wnr genuin« Der ICrach setzte sich fort auf dem Internationelen Feld« aelbstverstnendlich konnte Marx jetzt nicht r:ehr neben Willich in Julian Harney^s revolutionae- reiß lislt-^ofsofilttee sitzen* Er oder der andere« Er stellte die Alter«»
native» Der
iNiifl:orte sich Partei zu nehrien* Die
^Soclete Unirerselle des ConDiUnistea Hevolutionaires^ zerplatzte» Das Chruendunf9«Protoicoll, kein halbes ^ehr alt, wurde verbrannt»''')
c
*> ■^'1 "rUi 'rl'-"nli'T
Zngelpi
tltut Kaxicga*
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Iifi Herbst 1950 stand Itejrx in der tfolt wie daa Wrack alnaa Baumaa^ den der Blitz f^ekoapft, «(aapaltsn^ ▼orkohlt hat# ^^nn mr Inventur mch- te^ «o sah er, daaa er nichts meixr beaaaa und nichts mehr wjr«
Kr war bettelarm«
Kein Tmbliziatisrhea Orwin stand ihm cMhr zur Verfuegung^
ein
j 3ein Ruf als Mensch var miserabel geworden« Es hielte zu ihm Dutzend GetreiMa Tan denen nur Engels ein elfrenes Gewicht
hatte« Sonst \fOllta so gut wie niesiand mehr Ton iri^endwclchec! Namen, «us(tenocTien die fernen Laeaalle und Freiliprath, Hoch etwas nit 1ha zu 8<"haffen haben«
In der Stedt, in der er lebte, «wbot er ueber keinerlei politi- •che Organisation nehr« Wenn er ebaah Ton dar: sichren Koeln war ea so«»
p:bt fraglich, ueber \?ieTiele Toa dBii koununistisctien
driBben
in Deutachland er noch gebot« Im groasen Ganzen war die Orgnniaation des Konemnistis hen Bundes ueberall in^Rand seiner FeiMe ^elul^n« und welches Gewicht hattevinmer gerade auf Or^niantionen geleßtl Wie verbia^ aen hatte er unentwegt gerade m die Herrschaft in OrTansationen, selbst den allerwinzlgsten|(,perumren«
Schlimmer ala das alles: selbst die Quelle, aus der sein frueherer Sinfluss geflossen war, und aus der jeder neue wieder fllessen musate, sohlen vers<^huettet« ffas hatte Ihm in eineci ge%'fi98en Kreis Verehrung nn6 Geboraam verschafft? Ein Glaube« Sie hatten geglaubt an den Oeka-» nonilsten olinegleichen^ den Wissens obaft 1er non plus ultra in ihsu Die eisernen Oeaetze^ Ton denen er aprach, hatten sie in seiner; Besitze geglaubt« Sie hatten geglaubt an die Iwiatenz der wunderbaren Sntdek«» kungen, die ihn den Lauf der Politik und Geschichte astronociiscb sl^ eher Torauszusehon erlaubten« und jetzt war dieser Glaube sogar bei denen, die ihn gehebt hatten Terdampft« Sie i#ifz«eifelten« Sie leugn#«»
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t^n« Sie saf^tenx leer«.
bombastieohe Behauptuxigent Sie
fregteat wo sind die Beweise IMxer all die behau|)tungen? Bs waren keine
da* Es war nichts bewiesen* Die wichtigsten Toraus:
V 'V « •
sagen waren
nicht eln<?etroffen# Der Glaube war hin. Die Autorltaet war hin*
Etwas nus^te geschehen« Man musste wieder aufbauen« Bis die neue Revolution kam, muscte Karz seine Autorltaet als Oekonomlst ohneglei-
chen, als Wissenschaftler non plus ultra, wieder hergestellt haben, vergroessert haben« und man musste ueberleben bis zur neuen Revolution« Man durfte nicht untergehen waehrend der Pause der Revolution, verpau-
ssen« Marx und Engels fassten Be-
pert, geaechtet, vereinsamt, schluesse«
Sie beschlossen, dass Engels den Rettungsring ergreifen muesse, den seine Schwester Ihm 1h Namen der Familie zuv/arf « ••The thought haa come to us", schrieb sie iiim tactvoll, »»that you mirht perhaps v/lsh to reenter business for the time being, in order to Insure yourself an Income; you mipht drop It as soon as your party has a reasonable Chance of success**«*) Kr acceptlerte« Vor sechs Jahren hatte er den •^huendi-
schen Commerz**
verlassen, um sich ganz den Beruf des
Revolutioneers zu v/idmen« Der verlorene Sohn kehrte JB tzt als Cosarals
« zu Errien & Engels in Kanchester zurueck« Er hoffte, dort sogleich ^ehr
als 200 Pfund jaehrlich verdienen zu koennen«**) öe^ alta^Herr fand
150 Pfund auarelchend«'^'^'^) Wie viel euch immer, er musste imstand
sein, etwas fuer Marx abfallen zu lassen« /.
Und er musste Imstand sein, etw^s Zelt abfallen zu lassen fuer
eine^ Sache, die Merx ihm besonders drinp;lich ans Herz legte« Sn^^la,
*) Ouatav Mayer: Friedrich Engels (Anerican Edition) p. 136 *♦) Friedrich EngeXe^x Brief an Marx vom 27. Juni 1851
tm*
) Friedrich Em^ela ;
8. September 1851
s
o
Bombardier K^::-rc^u*jra^ .^^^^
der sin Jahr langhin der prauaslschen Armee gewesen v;ar^musste alch
eillgat zur. Militner-Fachnnnn ausbilden. Loa fuer immer ron allen
Willlche und Techowal Nie wiener Offlzieret Das oborste mlliteeriöche
I
Kommando In «ler korizaenden konmunis tischen Revolution miieste eiispieuibt werben von einem Partei-Mann, einem BHrufö-Revolutionaor, — vcn dem naechsten Vertrauten des obersten politischen Fuehrers* Engels bat den
«
Ex-Leutnant Weydemeyer in Frankfurt um eine •'erschoepfende Liste«' der Buecher, die man lesen muss^ vmrm man ^die Militarla ochsen^üf^ will# Er wollte beginnen mit dem ••Allerplattesten und Ordinaersten, was im iaehnrichs- und Leutnantsexaiaen p;eforaert wird«*»*/)
Was Marx selber anbelangte — sein ¥/ee war vorgeschrieben» Er musste den Glauben zurueckerobern* Er rausßte wegfegen die toetllÄhe Pa- role von den leeren, unbewiesenen Behauptunsren • Er musste die fehlenden Beweise liefern« Genau, laetly^ulejia, unwiderleelich, zerschinetternd|| triumphal musste er endlich seine Thesen, die Thesen des Konmunistl* sehen Manifestes, beweisen* Mit ein«!i Wort, er musste Jetzt das Buch schreiben, und eiligst, das er schon vor sechs Jahren hatte schreiben wollen« — /iiaette schreiben sollen. 4t ^'^as Buch mit dem denkbar exa*- testen wissenschaftlichen Nachweis, dass der rfCollaps der bourgeoisen Oekonomie inovitebet ist, und dass die rsachen dafuer d» jenigan von
HeuF theopy^ sind«
*
Ja, Ja, gewiss, (Uebers: p. 156) er aeh das ein. Seine Rolle war
ausgespielt, wenn er sich nicht endlich in ihr rechtfertigte. Auf die
Dauer musste der enochal-A Oekonouist, der noch kein einziges oeko-
Oespoett nomiaches Werk geschrieben hatte, •♦»*- zun Snadaacpt werden. Eher ko-
<
*) Franz Mehring: Karl Marx (Gannan Edition) p. 241-242
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misch m^ia3t9ll auf die Dauer die epochal neuartige oekononische Wlsaen-
f Schaft werden, diekioh dennoch niemals in einem T?erlc oefeonomischer
Wissenschaft materialisierte. Sicher, die Rolle, die er fuer sich «e- waehlt hatte, Hess sich nicht rechtfertigen mit seinem bisherigen o^re und nicht mit Fortsetzungen seines bisherigen oj^vres — nicht mit eine^m Gemisch von einem Viertel Philosophie, drei Viertel Folemik, Polemik und Polemik-, und hlneinpesprenkelt einige Koerner von betaeubend pro- vokanten oekonomischeh Behauptungen. Ja, Ja, gevds«, e»-wer-|nBiw~Jcl»J4 Cr nusste das Buch schreiben. Die Beweise. Sein erstes oekonoir.lachoB Werk. Sein epochales oekonomisches Werk. Das Werk, das alle anderen oekonomischen wl^ke der V-.r-anFienheit und Oe-enwart mit einem Stre ich zu altem Eisen zersohlug^ifi^els hatte ganz Recht dmlt.
Es graute ihm«
Kr dachte darah zurueck, wie das vor sechs Jahren in Parle gewe- sen war. Das llarunsitzen des Autodidakten in dor Bibliothek — ein Frosch, der in Sumpf sitzt, und nach Mueckon achna ppt-^^er^-STr»-!^ Die graes3liche Lengeweile der Buecher ueber dieses elend platte The- tPÄ, die Oekonomie.iH?«WraL_Bh«n£«ai»^^r-^ Die persistente Unmoeg- lichkeit, don gesuohtea Beweisen auf die Spur zu kommen. Die Flucht in die ^etendenTJadenbelsser-f-Polemiken ee,^en Rüge und Bruno Bauer und
i(on8orteni
Das Draenf^en Engels» i "Mach, dass Du mit Deinem
1
oekoncMnlschen Buch fertig wirst. Jetzt ist es hohe Zeit.-
Dnd er dachte zurueck an des Netz von Unwahrheiten und Unehr- lichkeiten, in d*d er sich verwickelt hatte. Die unentwegten Flunkerei- en -epenueber Bn^els, dass or die Beweise in Haenden und das Buch fer- tig in Kopfe habe, waehrend nichts davon wahr piewesen war. Der Vertrag mit den Verleger Leske in Darmstadt, in dem er sich zur Lieferung des
326
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Buches binnen wenlfren Monaten verpflichtet hatte^ und den er hatte bre** chen muQssen. Die Leprende ^eßenueber Annenkov und andren^ dase rtas Buch laenirst fertig in seiner Schublade lie^e, ater dass kein Vorleser es zu drucken wafe«
Es ^rnute ihra^ wenn er daran dachte, dass sich dos alles wieder- holen koenne* Denn er v,uaste> dass er den Beweis heute so v/enig
Br xnuöste ihn auch jetzt erot finden* Er
(wie damals .firi Haenden mu83te wiedf^r Ton rorne nnfaneten#
Kinerl^>l# Es wpr^ wie es schien, ein Zwang« Wenn es sein nusste,
oder Teufels 80 wuerde er in OottesYNamen wie <^ er hineinsteigen in die ••oekonomlache
Schelsse«**) • Wie hatte das Buch damals heinsen sollen? "i^ritik der
Politik und Oekonoraie*** Er wuerde es jetzt, /^orrekter, ^^ritik der
»
politischen Oekonornie*' nennen koennen« Br beantragte und erhielt eine Karte fuer die Bibliothek des Britischen Museuns.
EraunterunRen Finnen ihm %u« Lassalle schrieb ihui, er sei ••helss- hun<^ri<^**) auf^die Oekonoiale". Ein Mitf?lied der iüelle Koeln schrieb^ sie alle seien ••gespannt^, denn sie hofften^ dass das Viork ♦•von sehr grossen Wert fuer die Propafrahda sein wuerde*'«***) Engels stachelte ^ an: "Vfaa wird aua allem Klatsch und Tratsch, den dor gesamte Emigra-
*
tlonapoebel auf Deine Rechnunf?; machen kann, wenn Du mit der ♦Oekono- mie» darauf entwortestl"****) Ja, ja, gewiasl
Vom Hftrbst 1B50*****) ab sass Marx wieder, wie einst in Paria, in der Bibliothek. Er las wieder oekonomis che Buecher. Er fuellte wieder Hefte und Hefte mit Zitaten und Notizen«
:i:5
Chronik
UHKBFBbmi V. iimtiluU Maikaa — ]
7"KuBüO>»^ 'Mitte Mai 1^51 iWÄ IM*
'^♦♦*) Ibid -Seh/. /rtSo
^♦♦♦*) 7riedrich EngelstBrief an Marx ▼. 12. Februar lß51
■^-VajcaN 4rtw4 Uoju,
^Knurlff r ^^-^^'Tl'^ l^^^'-hf
E-VMt^l%,
EuJ[t ^i>f. '^^0
1
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327 CheptT 12 -^tt^ ko^iltj^
Nach acht Monaten Bibliothek, im Fruehjahr 1851, meldete harx naoh Manchestart "loh bin so weit, daas ich In fuenf Wochen mit dar ganzen oekonomlachen Scheiasa fertig bin.St cala fait, werde ich zu Raus die 'Oakonomie^ ausarbeiten«"'*)
Glaubte er es sflbst? Vlelloioht. Vielleicht nicht. Sicher be- fand er sioh^ schon wia^ier in einer Stiranung fortgasohritt^enen Wider» willens gegen seinen Stoff, Die Oekonomie, klagte er misslaunisch ist
•Ine steril© Wissenschaft. Noch waehrend der Aus^rbeituig des BuchSp erklaerte er, '•werde Ich mich Im Museum auf eine andre Viissensnhaft weroen» Das beginnt mich zu langweilen. ••♦♦)
J» nieht B
begann ervin fuenf Wochen mit der Aus- arbeitung. Viele, viele Jahre verstrichen, bis er auch nur mit einem ersten Beginn der Ausarbeitung begann. VleÄe, lange Jahre kamen und gingen, ohne dass eine Seite geschrieben wurde •
Leere, sinnlose Jahre brachen ant Sie waren erfuellt von Trivia- lltaetea^ in die er gezwxingen wurde, — und von Trivialiteeten, zu de- nen er sich draengte, m ch denen er haschte, in die er sich fJ.UBchtetB. Sie w^ren erfuellt von ^alamitaeten, die unwiderstehlich ueber ihn hereinbrachen, und von ^alamitaeten, die er selber herbeiVrief .
In diesen Jahren^ waehrend er das vierte Jahrzehnt seines Lebens durchlief, beganh Marx zu ergrauen.
In diesen Jahren wurden seine Krankheiten haeufiger.
stend«^ Leber-Sntzuend eUiasy was der Arzt so nannte. Oeschwuere Im Gesicht, Oeschwuere im Ifund, Oeschwuere (Xn den Augen. Perioden von AinhouDsliohsaHaemorrhoiden. Perioden von Kopfschmerz. Perioden von Rheumatismus. Oft wer er ans
A >\
J^
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B«tt Kefesaelt« Oft wor er euaeerntendc Irgend etwa zu tun.
In <ll«8en Jehrea wird« der stU aeines Lebe» orratlacher.
als -f» öelbat in den Jahren des berliner Ceffeehauaea ß^^ß^n wr r. f^ "Ein hoechat unordentlicher l^ensch, ein achlecüter fcttahaelter, il K«ne un* rie a la boheinien de lUntelllßenoe-», laß Seine Excellanz, der Schwager roa Weatphalen» In olnea Ungen lifonfidenten-Btrlcht aua London — denn die prouaa Ische Heßlerunc hielt sich Inforaiert. nraachen, Keecmen, WaeaoJ^eohaeln «ehoert bei Ihm zu den Selten- heiten, Er bereuacht aioh gern. Oft faulenzt er teReleng, hat er aber viel Arlelt, dann ßrbeltet «r Tafe und «acht mit unermuedl icher Auadauer fort. Bine beatiru-te Zelt zum Schleifen und zun Wachen gibt es bei ihn nicht.«»»)
^" ^-113^^ fahren setzten die Traeoadien in der Feallle fjich fort, die nlt der 'Evolution be«ronnen hatten. Der Geburt und dcrj
♦ ■
Tod dea vierten Klndea folgte die 0«burt das fuenften — und aein Tod; die kleine Franziaka wurde kein Jöhlr alt. Und Jenny gebur zun aechaten ^^al — und de a Knedohen 21eanor war so schwaechlich, dcaa ea fiienf Jehre lang nnffevlaa blieb, ob ea biü Leb^n bleiben fcoennc. Und Jenny gebar zun alobten Ual — und es wer, untor d^n grauaiß- aten rsedizlnlachen Upistaendan ein« Totgeburt. Und Jetiny aelbst bo- §»nn zu kr8onk^ln#
(
Maß. atartenj und daa schliiaaste kan eratl Neun Jshre alt, starb
1«55 nach mono tele ngor Krankheit der Knabe IMgar, das befjabtcata,
^eliebteate der Kin<*er. »r starb, wie r^nrx berichtete, "an der In
meiner Kaiailie «rtellohen Üntarleibs-Auazehrung"*») , Ea war ein ere^n-'
") ArchlT furr GeFhioht« dea öoalaXiamua und der Arbeiterbewegung
Laipzlff, f4U>d(X. p. 57 /
'•) Karl Itanr: Brief sn Sngola v. 6. A^ril 1855
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329 aamer Schlag fuer den Vater, und der Brief, den er an Sngels schrieb, war ein echter, menachllnher, ruehrender Aufschrei. "The ho«e« ig de- solate and orphaned slnee the death d#8 teuren Kindes ^ who was its belabende Seele» I cannot attempt to desorlbe how we all miss him« Ich habe schon allarlel Pech gehabt^ bat now, for the fdrst tirae^ I knov/ what real Unglueck Is« Amld all the mlaery of these days, the thought of you and your friondshlp has kept nie going ~ and tjie hope thf^t you f^nö 1 will still find it possible to do soraethlng worth doing in the world***)
T
In diesen Jehren waren die zwt^i moeblierten Zimmer in Dean Street, Soho, erfuellt yon den Oerseuschen einer Familie^ Ton den Geruechen der Sntbinduno^en und Krankheiten, Sterbebetten und 3aeu^linp;spflege^ eine Hoello* •'Des eine Zimmer'^, beschrieb der Belicht des preussi- sehen Pollzei-Conf identen, '^ißt der Salon, rueckwaerte ist das Schlaf- 2l^nmer# In der e^nzen Wohniinr ist nicht ein reinB s und gutes Stueck Moebel; alles ist zerbrochen, zerfetzt und zerluBipt; ueborall die ^TToesste Unordnung* In der l/itte des Salons steht ein altvaetcrlicher pros?er Tisch, mit Wachsleinwand behängen* AÄf diesem liegen seüne Manusi^ipte, Buecher, Zeitungen; die Spielzeuge der Kinder; das Neeh- zeug der Frau; daneben Teetassen mit abpebrochenen Raendern, schmutzi- ge Loeffel, Mes'^er^ Grabe 1^1 Leuchter, Tintenfaes, Trinkglaeser, hol- laendisohe Tonpfeifen,/ Tabakasche, mit einem Wort alles Grat feiwerk drunter und drueber, und all dies auf der. einzigen Tisch# Wenn r^Asn bei Marx eintritt, w: rden die Auren von dem Kohlen- und TabaksqLualm der- art urriflort, dass msn im ersten Augenblick wie in einer Hoehie herum- tappt, bis sich der Blick mit diesen Duensten allinaehlich befreundet
(
*) Karl Marx: Brief an Engels v. 12, April 1855
330
c
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und man wl# In Nebe^ einige Oerenstaende wohrniramt* Alles ii5t schnu- tzi^, alles voll Staub. Mit dem Niodersitzen ist es eine wehrhaft «e- fa0\rllche Sache* Da steht ein Stuhl hur auf drei Fuesfjen^ dort spie- len die Kinder Kuoche auf einem anderen Stuhl, der zufaelllg noch f?inz ißt, und den man dem Besucher antraefft* Aber die Kinderkueche wird nicht weggeputzt; setzen Sie sichid, so riskieren iiie Ihre Deinkloider^»^) Ss war ein f^
Platz fuer die Arbelt eines Sohrif tstellors* ♦»Zu Haus, wo alles immer in Belagerunprszuatand ist, kann ich nicht viel tun*»**), klagte l^arx, als die fuenf Wochen laen^st vorbei waren»
In diesen J^ahren kam IJarz nicht aus dem
Pauper is-^
xnus hieraus* Ute enstaendlg zu leben, glaubte er ••mehr als 350 Pfund*»***) Im Jahr zu benoeti^en* 1B51 verdiente er selber nicht einen Schillinrr*
>
T
IB52 Yfiirde er durch Vermittlung Preiligraths eine Art Correspondent von Horace GrrB«lay*8 '•Nev/ York Tribüne*», die je aen seiner Artikel mit einem Pfund honorieren, und bis zu z\tei pro Woche drucken wollte» Tat- saechlich schrieb diese Artikel, die unter Marx* Namen veroeffent licht
wurden, nicht er.
Im ersten Jahr ausnahmlos, und spaeter mei-
stens^ schrieb sie Engels in Manchester» Es war das groessts seiner zahllosen Opfer fuer Marx» Aber selbstvkonnte Jm gaensti,^sten Fall nur 100 Pfund jaehrlich bringen, und tetsaechlich brach te es o^h nicht die Haelf te» 1855 schien ein zweites Einkoijmen hinziücominan zu
i
wollen» Lassa liat verschaffte ihm die Stellung eines Londoner |[orr spon- denten der »^Od^r-Zeitunf^»*, eines fortschrittlichen kleinen Blattes in Breslau» Aber das hielt nur ein Jahr, dann geriet die Zeitung In
c
*) Archiv fuer die Oeschichte des Sozialismus und der Arbeiterbewegung
Leipzig ^«t. X. p.57 **) Karl Mam Brief an Bngels ▼om 31 Juli 1B51 ***) K*-rl"?ärxt ♦» " . 29« Nov. 1868
f
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331
ÄohwlerlRkeiten, und Mepx vnr r legier zxxtuQokFevorfen auf Alo Blruiaiuiie
aus Naw York allein^- und nla reichte zn nlohts«
Jißltö-
Engals griff In ^elne Tasclia, •- die Taßcfca eines Icnapp gafiXl^* nen, nur langsam ßufotel-^cn'^^n CciRwisl 3a^ or nach London Jcan^ brach- te er P'roeaaye Botmar^aYmit« und klilaere Betr^e^e lca!^on ßit seiüen Ürielen^ Iictnar wieder In der un«5nsuodllch€a Correapandenz^ begaunen oder ewSeten die Schreiten Siit^^i^la»: Inlierend 1 Pfund^ 7 7t'^uA^ 3 Pfund* Allein mit s Inen Br!/en saniBte er echon w/ohrend seines ersten Jetores in Man': he t er 33 Pfund^ und dea 5ttteß In «len naechoten treh!.'ej( auf 50^ 60^ 70*) Ator auch das dachte nicht ^b Notwendififöte»
••I ha-Te llterally nqr/Tßrthing in the house^ thouf/Jh there are
pkenty of un* nid hüls frcrsa the chopkeoperat the butcbors^^ the bDicery,
an4 so on"*^)^ stoehnte Warx et^feaft^ Avjf an« 1851» Anfant? 1852 t» tte er
•den r.n/^enohren Punfct erreicht, ro ih au* l^enral an den In: Pfanühau»
untor^ebrß^.hten Roeclr^n nicht nehr aus^^ehen, und aus Manj^el an Kredit
kein Flf in ;h mehr eöFsn kann"***)* Als die kleine Franzislca geatorLen
war fehlte ics Geld fuor die Beerdig^inß* Jenny Knra: ••Imstenad to a
French rofußjee x|te]i who liveo In the fiei(^hbiurhood« Ile P»ve sse two
ponnds« Wlth this suta I r^s able t^/ pay tha cofVin in v/hich my poor
child nun ia Frieden sc hlursaort. *•*♦**) Ir. Herbat 1Ö52: "Keine ?rau lat
klttBk» 7<iV.Kj^yi^n tat k^nr.k, I,ench«»tt l^enuth hst «In« Art IJ^rvonf iaber»
Dan Doktoi' kann loh nicht ruftn, weil ich äela Oel^ fuer i-lodlzla ötbe»
i>eit acht bia z^\Kn Taf^n hab« ich die -«tnllte alt Brot und Kartoff öXn
durch Töfuattgrt, von denan os noob fraglich Int, ob ich sie heute auf- traiban Jtann, Den Artikel fuor Naw York achriab loh nioht, wall Ich nich'
«fö Penay hatta, tan Zeitun(^en lesen zu koaoiian« In tlea lalztfcn acht
____ "kcjüif^ /^t*-^*4
nT?Fiinimf OasS^st-Ansfctbe, Tirltta Abteilung, Band 2» p. XSTII-IX ) K'^rl "si^: Brief on 2nf:ela voci 31» Mn«rz 1851
) itld '" -IWrA ?■?• Februar lf52
♦•♦♦) Jenny Vnrxi Brief an waydemay^r. Franz rahring: K«rl Mai» (Oenaan
Sditlon) p. 221
J32
(
(
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Tagen hebe Ich elalge Schilllnee und Pence von Arbeitern gepus^t» Dae •wer mljl|r das Fatalste, «b^r es wbt nottrrendig, utr nicht zu verrecken****) l«53t •! have pavn^d the last thing pawnable»**) , oder: •Far tea da3rs we have been without a eou in the bouae*^***)« ünA Issaer wieder
i
die Eratiolouiesanfaelle d^mh den eergaten der Striclce^ die ihm den ^lakbachnuerten: die Wechsel, die entaets^lichen Wechsel« Dmnn als
dlie Not begonnen/ hatte, hatte er beffonrien, sich Geld auf Wechsel
zn beechaffen, aber wenn^jf die Verfalla-^age kanen, wurde die Not
nor noch irroesfler, worautt er neue, noch hoehere Wechsel ausschriebe
1835 kam ein U(^ent der Srlelchterung« Seine Excellens in Bbt^
lln sandte aeiner Schwester 150 Pfund als ihren Anteil an der Hinter^
l«aaen5ir?heft eines Onkels ^'^'^**) Und 1856 schlosa Jenny's Kutter die
Auren, und die Erbschaft brachte 120 Pfund^^*'^'^*) De entschlossen
• Ich die llarza, die Hoelle von Deenstreet zu verlassen« Sie ie hmen
ei|9r Haeuschen ih einer huebschen, gesunden Oegend^ uxifi fuehltan fiioh
glUMOtrlich in 9, araftonterr&ce» Moltlanaparic» navorotookhill* **S8
ist eine wahrhAft prinzliolM l?ohnungy ▼erglichen mit uusren frueh«ren
Loec t er n*, schrieb Jemiy Iterx^ "und obgleich die asentlichen Kinrich-
loh
timc^l»)! for» Kopf bie zure Fuas nicht Tiel ueber 40 Pfund kanen, »ofcan mir in Anfnns in ttiisrwB JunffMi Perloup /?«n2 i^rosaartiß vor. Saaeait- lichio VMsch« und sonstigen üeberr«8t« fr^jeherer (Troess* wurden aus den ^R«nden des Pfandleihera befreit, und ich ZAehlte nit Lust wie» der (»innal dio IHinastserrietten» dio noch slton schottischen Ursprungs
Brief an Engels ron H* aepteaber IS52
^, 4*a/4*.^ 1853
/
Ibid Ibid
«. Oktober 1853
Ibid
m9§ JLMm.
. 1855 uns üei 1856 Sept. 1856
t
ü
i
333
• Ind* Wir freuten uns «ndlicb oimaal unarsr bui&rf;erllchen Behatbie» kelt,"*)
Aber In Aen AuKrenbllok^ in den es qo weit «er, wer die Freude auch schon wieder Torueber«
**&eld nossto ein 3tueok nach den endem wieder ins Pfandhpua wandern.***) Drs Jehr 1857 sah alle Ca- lamiteeten wieder erneut« "Ich weise absolut nicht nehr» wea ich anfaafren 9oll|r und Itrh bin in der Tet in einer verzweifelteren Si<* tustion als vor fuenf Jinjron«'»***) Und so glni^ ea wfjitor« 1B5$ ath •9 "dueaterer und troatloser aus als je. *•*•*) Anfang 1859 hatta er nicht den ftkrtmrt^ ma seine Briefe zu frankieren«
Oraessliche Jahre«
Marx* rertiitterte Saele wurde rerbitterter* Die Hysterien sei* TMS Hess 08 wurden hystariacher* Stlne Fcrs^outions«» und Agresaiooa«» ■aalttn worden nenlotlrQliüohoF* Selbst Jenny« die den ^Ich der Lei«»
' e
den lilt Ihm trank, konnte er oft nicht raehr ertraf;en# •'Meine Freu ennuyiert mich und xsacht mich wuetend alt Ihren Traen^^mbaechen gaiiize Raechte hindurch» Sis tut mir leid* Auf sie faallt dor Heuptdruok und au fand hct sie recht« Trotz alleden eriniarst Du Dich» das» ich Yon IJjtur trea peu endurant biÄ^ unA »oger ouelqae peu dtir»**'**^^^ Hieriend haette sich wundern koemien, wenn er in diesen Jahren wenig heetteK arbeiten koannea« Sr arbeitete*
Sr konnte (""^icht ausweichen) einer Arbelt /zu w^alcher der Koenig
▼on freussan Ihn zwanir*
In PretMsan wf^r der Dichter Kinkel^ fuer>l^aasen Befreiung so
'*! Franz Mehringi Ksrl Marx (Oern»n Bdition) p* 255
♦♦) TbM JM4 »M^
** furfffflinii* Brief an Sngals ▼oa 20« Januar 1857
Zbid Ibid •••i{r«Dezenbar 1858
Ibid IblA 31« Juli 1851
•*e« eeeeej
t
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33*
«ituexTjiech «frltiört woird^in vmr» eines i^achts aua d«i Znchth&us veiv 8<!^hwund0n* Br war^ un es g^nau zu sagan^ in elnom Icuahnen Haiästraich
aiua dem Zuchthaoa geraubt tirordan
znBT Ton ^enem Junßan lUinn
Kiirl Schurz^ der In Kaeln ^el Jahre zuror Karl Marx ao weniß belfael-
A
lifi boobechtet hatte« Und nloht nur «ua seimm Gefaegnla war Klnkol von Karl Schurz her«uagebr,Boht worden» aondom auch aus Preusson« Site« Tligea erachlecL der itef eierte Retter und der beruehnte Gerettete woiabehelten in London* VnA es war eine «grosse
••
flaT Jntral
und der Koenig Ton Preoasea aar*
leerte sich« j
DRr^fand^ daaa Jetzt ü>in Prozeea gefuehrt werden aoiuiaae« Er
miaate
•■ ♦ 1
nicht reneu. was fuor ein rrozess» nicht gecen wen- und nicht wefp n «es» Aber es onsrte ein Proe#8S aelnp der irgend ein
hnrtyl «ufd«*kte; ein ^rozees »»to provide the Pruaeian
public with the lonf: and ri^htly desired spectaole of disoovered and, above all, punlehed conepiracy»*) • Dea achrieb der Koanlg an aela MinistarlxBa* und er befahl, daas die politische Polizei beauftragt «er e, die Anf^eklagten tind das Be^veisisaterial fuer einon solchen Pro* zesB %\i finden« "I think the idee Is frultful, and I lay great stress
on it$ proc^t renliaatlon«"
frekla^t vwde ueber das Wueten der Reaktion, dlea war nun einzsal das liberfila Zeitalter« Bin Prozess war ein Prosass — besonder;; ein Pro»
1
sass ^or zivilen Richtern, Tor Oeschworenan« Das Oesatz war praazla, das Vfjrfahren unverletzlich, der Angeklagt« konnte sich unbeaohraanid;
C
! Krrl tiprx (Azaer* Edition) p« 180
335
I
t
i
verf^te
9 Amr AnklBm^^T smsste seine Funkrte beweisen« Die Poli«»
nach
c
tlacb« Pollsei in B«rlin hatt« die lAm; <la38 d«r Sohluesa«! zu dexa e««u«nacht«n Tvözmbb sich o» «hest^n in London finden lassen wtoss«» wohin J« auch Kinkel unö St hurz sitfh eo'^iiöt hatten» Af-enten vnirden
London eeoandt» und wich eitticrei| Sachen fielen die Augen der Agenten eiBf den «»Kocaatiniatlschea Biini**. Ohne Zweifel, hier hatte nan eine Ver* •chvroeronet Hier hatte isaa eine Organiaatiotf, die |Mbeat>eitbcPiiifeiai| die Zerstoerunr dea existierenden Staatea Bit bemffneter Oevtelt erstreb* te — Hochverretl tJnd *n Preusaen^ hatte diese Organisation ßeheiroe Zel- len^ Ton deren Mitgliedern eini|;e zu fassen sein anwsten« und als Be« «eisstaeoke e^n^ es die Beschluease, Protokolle» Instniotionen tuiA Listen dieser Organisation, Ton welchen dies und jenes zu beschaffen sein cius8te.|
Und Qe/hr Abtönten wurden nach London gesandt» Sie wazirkolten und penetrierten den Koraauniat^ Bonfl — oöer die zwei Korjsunis tischen Bu«ilde «^ unä befiechten und spaehten und beatachen und stahlen« Sie brachten allnaehlich eine Anzahl Ton Dokuoienten and Adressen zusarr.en — einige echt, einige auch gofaels-ht, denn natuorlicfi, wo DokucMnte ^esuott und bezahlt werden« werden auch fabrizierte geliefert und ▼«•• kauft« Und eims Tages in Jahre 1851 fuehlte die preussische Polizei« dass sie genni; Material in den Haenden habe* Sie verhaftete elf fuehren« de Mitglieder der Zellen, die die Diktatur dea Proletariats in Preus- sen Torbeteiteten, Seohs entpuppten sich als ffcudleilS^ stritft buerger« liehe Intellektuelle, einer als ein strict bu*»rgerlicher Kaufnann, Tier varen Arbeiter» Die meisten gehoerten zu der Koelner Zelle« Die meisten rechneten sich zur Marx* sehen nicht zur. Villichsclien Fraktion*
Bzoellenz von Westphalen, der Inn4MBBinister, setzte den Blase« bal« ataerkster Ptiblizitaet in Bewegunc« In der offiziellen Version
t
(
336
Rydim ei|)»ntiscb« ^^Hxttei
)|u8st« nicht jecl«r |A«»fBiL •chr«ck:«nd dl© Macht war, mit welchor d«r rote Dr. Marx ▼on «einem Lon» dOA9r Versteck aus des Land bedrohte? Die Press« sttnaate ein In die amtliche Kelodie — und Ken: war anfangs hoechst erfreut ueber den •eaonaoua adventoge", den "splendid support",*) de« sein revolutlonae- rs8 Henonee und die ^eche des Ko^munlsnus fBn diese^ Keklame empfaiiHea nueiisaf Als die Torbereittms des Prosesses fortschritt. genoss er in'»
tenstlT die wichtln?« Holle» die der
Ihm zuwies«
Die Verteidiger la Ko«ln windten aloh on ilm we^ea der Dokumente ^
i
die In der Anklage verwendet^ worden wßrea# Er nueste Ihnen In langen^ schwlerlisren Exposes die Tataschen und Argunant« liefern, Aurch welche
I
die falachen DokUTiente als gpfaele ht erwiesen werden konnten," —^ unS
1. • • •- ,
durcly. welche die echten noeglichorvs^else als hanJoe Interpretiert twir-
den teonntcn« D?>s^ letztere b0sonders wnr schwer» In denjonii^en Inetn^*
worden tloneni^ die authentisch Ton Marx solbat verfasst und ausgesandTVviraren,
befand sich sun Beispiel folßendesj *'Weit^ entfernt, iien sogenannten
Sx^eBee!np den Kxeiapelii der Volkerache an verhaeeten Individuen and
*
oef^entllchen Gehoeuden entflfe^ensuutretenp lauaa nan dieae Kxestpel nicht
i
I nur dulden^ sonuern ihre Leltunr selbst in die Iland nehnen^''^*) Wie
war diese Anwelsunf^ zu Attentaten
hamliid 2u Inter»
pretleren? Kein Wunder^ dasa Marx zu Ylclen Wochen aufreibender Arbelt iptezwunf^en war«
■
Kf»ln Vunder auch, dras er sich f;eilrungen fuehlte, nach beendige teo Proueaa eine Broechuere uel:ar ilin zxl nchreiben« Es wer ein fairer
c
t Brief an Enia:ela ▼• 17« Juli 1851
I Enthuelloniran ueter den Koelnor Kocmuniatenprozeaa« An« hang Ho# 1, Ansprache Yc«a 30« Maerz 1850
337
t
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)
{
^Yo%%Bm rewistn* Die Richter imd die Bourgeois euf ^l^^r Oesohw>renon* benir hatten krelnee der /^efaelechten Dolnxr^efite i^eee leren lassen« Der Staatsanwmlt selbst hatte eines nach tm^ anderen zurueck ziehen muesseni Aber es blieben die echten Doku^ente^ eingeschlossen die Anweisung «n ••Bxcessen^' ^ und die Angeklagten hatten dleee Dokunente verbreitet und ihnen entsprechend agitiert« t^B Gericht hatte das OeaetzJ^ dennoch
8 ": honend angebende t# Ton den elf A
sprach es vier frel^ die
uebrl^en sieben verurteilte es zu drei bis sechs Jahren Festunf^a-Haft — und das war die leichteste aller Frolhelts*^ trafen^ die ^ehronYolle Heft*** Festungs^aeftlinge brauchten nicht zu arbeiten^ durften frei talte inander verkehren, hatten sognr elnon Tag Urlaub in der Woche» Die r war eher ein Kloster als ein Oefaengnls* _ ,. a
Aber ein Politiker auos die Oelgenheiten, die daa hXokt auf ihn leaken, bis zu» ^nde eusschoepfen# Karx schrieb j/elne ßroschuere, und
in öc
Drucker druckte sie« Der Prozees praesentlerte sich da-
rin, wen konnte es wundern^ als brutale Vergewaltimg des Gssetk^es, das Urteil als typisch bourgeoiser S^nnibaliassus« Die Oeffentlichkolt hatte wenii^ i^rof it ^voJTfTIenn t eim Versand nach Preussen wurden die SxemTisi^^ sß ^^^ Grenze be3chlegnoh2at# Aber dass liaTX den Versuch ge^
niö< ht hatte^ war iffiso nomaler, ols iwriBniai die Broschuere auglelch der Orabccseng auf alle Ueberrente von^^inunistlöi hea Bund, Koonuni- stisther Partei und ^ossiun Ist Ischen Z>ellen waft« X^voi v;ait entfernt davon^ ein
zu sein, xaach- te der Koelnar Prozess deei allem ein stilles Ende« Den !/.iti;l ledern
des M^rx^ sehen wie des ^illich*
Torsos 9 den ?>(itgliedern In London
wie in Deutschlendy kam die i:Wrecklaeiekeit ihrer revolutionaeren Puppen«* Stube zun Bewusstsein# Die Orrrnnlsat Ionen erloschen ^Marx bestaetigte
338
I
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)
nur eine vollzop^ene Tatsaßhei^ als er die seine 1852 in aller Form als aufReloest erklaerte.*) Ende der Epoche, die acht Jahre zuTor in Bnies- sei mit der Gruendung der Kommunlc tischen Partei begonnen hattet Ende des Marx* sehen orp^nisBerten Konmunismust Wenn er danach noch gele- gentlich von seiner •Partei* sprach, so bezeiohnete das Wort nicht mehr irgendwelche Or^nisation, sondern nur noch einevOeneinsch aft in Ideen« Ende des Marx* sehen Konrnunismus sopar insofern ^ als er von Jetzt ah die i^TBtn^M^ •Kommunismus*» wieder fallen Hess* Er hatte sie da- mals, in Bruessel aus Gruend#n der Unterscheidung, gev;aBhlt# Jetzt hef- tete ihr/ das Odium des Misnerfolges an«
aen
den Rest seines Lebens
kehrte er zu [hJ ^en synonymen Ausdruck: •Sozia lismus^ zurusck«
Sicher, dpa waren wlohtlge Erelgnlss«, Sie waren Anlass genug, lim Marx fuer einige V/ochen und Monate von dem epochalen Werk, don dring-
kJ^ iW k/v*^ «kit, SoJkt^
licheh Werk, dem Werk, «uT dasl^Hles ankam, abzulenken« Wie v/lchtig
waren andere Anlaesse, Ton äenen er sich nicht weniger ablenken liess?
Als die Schlacht un Great Windmlllstreet mit ihrer Austreibung geendet hatte, erzaehlten Marx und Kngels sich fre^onmeitig, dass das eip'entlich penau das sei, w«5S sie sich immer heiss gewuenscht haettai . Sie v»?rsicherten sich, dass es ihnen immer tief widerwa artig gewesen sei, sich abzugeben mit solchen Winzigkeiten wie de^ SmlgrettÖ^ aller Rationen un3 politischen Farben, soinrar der l^nmunistisohen Organisa- tion. Sie gelobten sich gegenseitig, allen diesen Dingon *on nun a>fn ö/ nicht mehr die Ehre ihrer Beachtung zu schenken» mir gefeellt sehr
die oeffentliche Isolation", schrieb Marx, »»worin wir zwei. Du und ich, und Jetzt befinden, Sie entspricht ganz unsrer Stellung und unsren
Prinzipien,"**) »»Das hat nun aufgehoertl»», rief er aus -
ferx.~ Chronik s
- naraillch
««
)
17. Jtovember 1852 Merxt Brief an Engels Tom ...• //^^Februar 1851
11.
f
Vx
o
0*1
>39
Stoerung
unÄ "die Partei mit allen dloflon Beeln"*/) im Besonderen.
Bmvol antwortete Snf^l«. »Mfln sieht Ince r mehr ein» des« dl« 6d^gretion ein Institut iat, worin jeder notwendig ein Harr, «in Bsel und ein/ ceneiner Sohurfce wird, der eich nicht ranz ron ihr ztrrueok- aleht« Es ist ein«* reine eehool of eoaudal and ia«tiüit«u^rg ün! nicht besser die Partei. ^o\ «er Teufel die nlaera pleb« eine r Port«il «Was soll unc. die wir an uns selbst irr« wuortien, '^»vas^ wir populeer zu
wer''«n begoennen, eine •Pe'tel'^des haiaat/x eine Band« von üseln, dl« auf uns «chwoert, well sie un« fuer ihresgleichen Ijaelt?» 3chlusa nit ell«<'.eiBt *Ons <?enuegt die 3tellunfr eines unabhaenfileen schpift«t«llfir«,
fraegt«
D
der auch nach der «o«?enannten ^evolutionaeren Partei den T *enn der Moment korant, wo die Herren uns noetif. haben", ichrieb der zwelta der potentiellen roten Feudalherren ^ftn 4 J«nker^ "sind wir in der La«?e, unsre Jöedinf?uni?en dllctleren zu koannen.***)
Aber in decselben Brief, in den er das schrieb, folgten ploetzüch rerrceter Ische Zeilen. "Ihr scheint Je/", schrieb Kni^els bewindernd, "neuestena wieder pute Spione In der Oreot Windnil Istreet s5u heben« Cala n« feit pas d« nal." Und er zeigte intensive Freud« uebar ein« "Borabe", die i&erac freiren »lllich Torbereitet«. "Ich moechte die aitt* liehe Entnieatuac sehen, wenn die Bor.be platzt." Sie beteutiten sich und felöbten sich, Ton nun ab bis in die Knochen glo ichgueltig gegen Orent Wlndnillstpeet ^t^it^vx sein. Aber In selben Augenblicic «aadt« Marx schon wieder Spion« und praeparlerte Bomben. Br könnt« «a nicht lesaenl Bs ^r\T ataerker als er. und es wer ataerker, unbssieglich viel
I Brief an Engel« totj .../if' P«brunr 1051 •♦) yriedrich Snp-els: Brief oft Korx TOPi 12. Februar 1851
f
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340 §t«orlc©r, f»ls der Ruf (üi|luiiii Ihu eall) d«a »»»ochnlen Werks , de«
WericAy de9 Hartes auf des all«9 enkam« Er 8a98 in <1 er Bibliothek« Dar oakoaomiaoba Sand^ in dam ar nach
^*'*^... :-f
<jk>ldlco^rnor^ auchta fuar Meinen Bawaia^ varrlaaelta wladar «wischen
«alnan Fin^ am«
Aber 8 eine Oadankren irrten ab# Und
ale irrten ab nicht nxir i^Tafen der bruatenden Langete ile^ die Ton desi Stoff, unö nähr noch ron da» Yeri?abllchen Suchen^ au»f?;ine» Sla irrten »b will eine -iwan^pavorstalluniz; Ihn verfolgte Tag und Rächt« Und die ^nanftüTorstallunr v/ar der politische Markt, ^ auf den er nicht nur kein Monopol errungen hatte, aondarn^^ar auae^i^^^hloaaen, varetossen ivordan
i
«0r* Dlo :..«an4;sTor9t«llua«f waren diese tiazzinie, roesuths, Loule Blenos» Riigaa, Willicha, Kinkels «nd wie sie alle haiaaen mochten, die ar zu« sa nenfasste in dem hoehniachen Ausdruck ^•les petita grandn Tforaneö jfdifenlipnitlofi"« Morr wurde krank, einfach krank, urenn er die •*j[>efclta gründe hoitOTes^dle «Inzif^st.e Rolle ap eleo, den wlnzli^steii Binfluas auaufben aah, die er nicht J&dhr spielen und ausueten konnte« ISr wurde krank, einfach krenk, wenn er den petita grands homses Achtuni^ gesollt und Rhren ervieaen sah, die Ihm nicht gesollt und erwiesen wir den* ij'es^
Ui'llW
nr n*^ 1****
Hier war die Aufgabe dea epochalen Buches, das die ganze b ja herige
Oekoüonik mit einem einzigen Streich^^zertruerosern sollte, wie Tor Jahr-
hond^rten jenes Buch des Copemiktui ait einen einzigen Streich die ganze
bisherige Aii^ronanie zertrue^iraerte» Aber hier war nieht Copernikus,
sondern Karl Marx.M» eoinuü Weugeeea^ Als er ta yruehjahr 1851 nach
Iitaach^ster geiaeldet hatte, daso er binnen fuenf Wochen mit (*.er *oefco-
In der Bibliothek zu Bnde sein und dann alt aoifi lachen Seheisae** iCT<*trtifcslls|iiissHiKiM>tiissmfssif liwinni des
I I
341
t
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c
Schreibon begiar)«9n werde, hatte Enpele g«ant«ort«et} "Ich bin frohg^ Thi mit fl
l^a Dlofr. zog sioh
SU »»hr In Ä!e Leenge»***) Aber als dio fuenf tfochon voruober waroüip
klebte l-turx, «»^88 3toerahi;en aller Art Ihn Renoetigt haetten, vorerst
noch in der Bibliothek zu bleil>«n« Uni euch dos hoerte euf • Toet Dezea*
ber 1B51 ab venniod er sechs l^oncte leni^ nuch die BlbliotJaek«**) Dana zwanft er sicli fuer ein helbea /Jahr zurueok«
Dann fluechtote er yor
iiir wieder Tier volle '^ehri\ lß53 bis 1856***) Dann büRanm er auf 8 neue, — und in Fruehjfthr 1857 versachte er» dl» ersten Seiten des copernlceni- »eben Buch» zu Papier zu bringen.****) Wooit beschaeftigte er sich all 41a Jahre hindurch? Vbb beanspruchte üelae i^lt^ seine Arbeitskraft/
seine Gedanken^ oalnqf iieldenschaften? Ueberwlegend die
froe%en^ Ifpuhaeeten petlts grends hocmea«
Ic hatte eine Prophezeiung e^egmhmn einlfri«^ Monate zu^or^ ~ öle
unfreundliche Prophezeiung In Jenec Poats/nrlptum def. Ex-Leutoent« Te-
ohow! ^Dle e)celhaft^^|l^en Intrl^^uen unS ßenelnen Klatacherelen^ welche Marx und Conp* bisher lia Kleinen orp:anis iert hatten, worden Jetzt v/ahr** echeinllch in Grossen spielen, nar^entllch auch In Ihrer llterarlachen
i44n
TaetlgKcU«'' (ÜebHxsi jp# 380 j Die Jahre km-on, die Jahre giite©
I pr^^esuaptivei^Copernlcus erfuellte sie alt Ir-iner neuen Xntrlßuen,/ent^
we^^er auf i*f»ndwelche Velae wie^^^er einzubrechen In die Zirlrel der
welche petlts grends hommes, oder un^ ilire Zirkel auf lrf:end Kbni Welse zu
erfuellte
und wie^ter Polemiken bald f^ee^^n den, bald gegen
Brief en Urrx too ••jv April 1851
-Sue
) Iblfi ♦♦♦♦) Ibld
30 • Juni 1852
Januar 1853
Pobruar-A?rll 1857
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t
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t
^-A
'hrtVi.<-*<Ot
t^ aci^^ o^
srtcxaerunc^ii^ Artikel^ Broschueren^
Bnech^p^ dl# all# unoo zwfckloßar wicren^ als sie ftll# bestenfall« aur Inyaeutschen Blaettchen unl eli(wm»oa Verlaren des fernen As^rika f;e^
druckt wurden^ljUnd Jdtir m* Jahr In den Briefwechsel zwischen ilarx und
Siiffeli^ In den Je^'.er Uner schrieb, ^ws den nnderen mit Sicherheit ge-»
flauen rmsstet und in Awx keiner Jemals etwas schrieb^ ohne dans der
mndero Brovol rief — Jahr mu ifstir la diesem Briefwechsel die nie pau-»
s irrende Obsession der grixids petita horr^tes# Jahr mi Jf^hr hunderte von
Se'.ltea nlt •r8ch<->«prendon peg«nseitigan Infonnatlonen ueber die laappiso
•t«n n6u«8t«a üni^eh^uerllchtcelten der petita grendr horncBm Jahr isa
Jahr ein Schwall von soheewntndan Inv^tltoen geßen die petits grandg
hocmes -<^dle *^rapaud8**) , daa^ Gesindel***), den •»europoelachen Uai-
— >
gratlonanob"***), den^Emlgratlonspoobol"****) » die "gori© inen Seigre-
tio.i8«chfJoin«, die ihre Rueiisol in der ganzen Proase-Kloeke haben* •♦*♦♦•)
Die »Spione*», die Sne^ela mit Beifall begruesst hatte, wurden sicht- bar, eis Julian Harney Anfailg lf^51 zu dem grosaen Praternitaets-Ban- kett der europeetschen Linken eingelaufen hatte. 700 Dectokz^ten \ind SoziaTlfliten aller Laender waren einfpelaij/en — aber nicht niehr Harz» Die Weende wirden mit Bildern und Auaspruechen «Her froesen Repraesen« tante«. der Linken» Ton Itesxini bis zu Kinlcel» decorlert — aber nicht Karx^« Heben üamey waren als Voraltzande willicA und Louia Blano atis-
ersehen — aber nicht Ubttm S» wf.r mehr, als er ertragen konnte« "loh bin fötlini« von dem Weihrauch, womit Harney nicht rauede wird, las pe- tita erranda horanea elnzuraeuchern»******) Wliwai Mltflle-er aelner
eürat-Auagabe, Dritte Abteilung, Band 1, p. 121 : Brief on £ncela voce 10, Fabrier 1851
9. Dez. 1S51 ♦♦♦*) frlaflr. 2ng«lfl! Brief an y«rx 13. "^ebruar 1851 «i»i»e*j Karl Marx» Brief nn Hngela ron 1. Dezenbor Iß 51 •**♦♦•) K^rll^rx: Brief an Sn^els voe 11. lebr'Jter 1J'51
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•Schw©felbend«« wiira«n In des ?eot ©Ingöschnugolt, wiö Ihr Auftrag war» 2u 9toor«a, Als sie hmgenneiip brach «Ine hnesoUche Sr«n« oue. Äa or- hoben sich Rufe: "üploaol" K»pional" •) U&n stuurzte oloh eult dio »PsT^loM*. Sl« 'Bfwrdon Terpruecelt in 3aaX, hlaaus^errueeelty^uß dorn Sßol. Die Episode Tief endlose Sa«nfcer«l©n hervor, — und begrub no« benk^ly fuer Iraner die Bezlehun^rftn awlBchen ii«rr und Hfirney« Der bri* tieche Artjplterfuohror — selbst ein ehcit^allrer Arbeiter, und dß« war »elten.— ymr in Monr Voct-buler von Jetzt ab "drr Pletejer Hfirhey***). ••lcJktl«f«r«S5 iiveck dl« ünte mehmune hatte dienen «ollen, blieb jedem uhkler«
und daa w»r nur ein AnJV? ng« E« k^x »Ino lan<56, zeltröub-jud« i>o- auehuncr, die "nled 8U dr^rnnla leren —
Igrition«***) ße^9a die promlncnteii Smlgrenton ein« Arti/re-Tolutlonaoroi^Klasaenkanpf unter den Ha- volutlonneren zy\ entznenden. Dlo Benmohunu blieb frxichtloa«
Ka kam oln lltar«>.rl3ches Mens'^n-^'lasaecr«« 1S52 schrieb Mcrx ein Buch, «In rlchtiree eusprowaohs^nea Wadonbela^jar-Bucft : »Die &foaa9n Jteenner des 5?xil3"» Jader der petita /lyanda hocsrüoa war öiaaeln darin abgehandelt, -• nnd ron allen vpr bcwleoon, d««s8 nie "nicht Revolution naera, sondern i^ontee-revolutionnez>e Gtrohwlscho»'*''**) sind« Die B«auQ- hunr: blieb fruchtlos. Die Ar'elt vieler I.onat« Rinc noch treuriger unter, al» »alnerzalt dea 'tassen-J^esn^^re der "Döutsohen Ideologie*» Marx uobertruf? die Varoef fentlichunß elnati Uni^rn, der eich eis Verk ger uxid Bavmnderer aufapielta. Der üxwrer vereohwand, daa Buch wurde nie
^arl ?'ar^t ErJef on Kngela rom tt. fabruar 1851 TSa Ibld 23» Fabruar 1851
Attj^st 1851
C
****) Karl ^aarxi Artikel "Hirsch»» Selbe tbekenntÄiaaa" in "Ballatriati*
aoLea Journal und Maw Yorlrer Crii3lnnl-3«1 tung" von 5. MaI 1853.
aitl*rt in •UüMBl iffTTf^'^iTonVf y^'*'*" ^-^»«"'^•'I 8-12« April 1854
3U
3
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C
^druckt.
Es kam ein literarisches Masna^^r« an 'Äilllch* Der Ex-L«utnant
''t*C
w*rr schon nach Amarltp ausgewandert. Aber dort hatte er sioh^deut- sehen Vereinen unguenatig ueber Aie^Sohwefelbendo" geaeuflsert, 1853 schrieb Werx eine moerderische Broschuero: «Der Ritter rm edol- Tnuftti«50!itBewu88tseln", und ein deutscher Drucker in New York druckte sie. Konnte wiUich sich nach dieser Entlarvung noch unter den Man- sehen blicken lassen? Er konnte es, Marx Bemuehung blieb fruchtlos. Der petlt grand homme wurde Redakteur. 3r wurde Offizier in der ameri- kaftisohen Armee. Im Buer^rerkrieg wird er sich auszeichnen alw Briijide-
^eneral*
Es kam die jahrelang/ wuetende Begierde, den Dichter Kinkel nie- derzuschmettern. Zeitweise mischte sich in diese eine lut sogar ein fast rationelles Motiv. Ein Bnthusiaj^st in New Orleans, Louisiana ,
hatte dort flOO Doller ßeearmelt, die der erosae Kinkel zmn Nutzen
der kOT'TTaenden deutschen Revolution verwenden moege. Marx forderte eiuen Anteil an den 800 Dollar — denn wer tat mehr als er fuer die kommen- de Revolution? Kinkel Indessen und sein Retter Karl Schurz beschlos- sen, das Geld geschickter zu verwenden. Sie Hessen et^s drucken, was sie "Deutsche Revoiutionsanleihe" nannten, und fuhren damit nach Amerika, um so viel wie moe glich von ien Stuecken zu verkaufen» Nach Abzug aller Spesen brachten sie 5000 Dollar heim. Mftrx erneute seinen Anspruch auf einen Anteil und diese Bemuehung war ein relativ ratio- nelles Inte^nezzo.
Die Beiauohuns blieb fruchtlos. Es gab so viel Streit ueber die Verteiluar der"^"Revolutio|teanleihe*», fasa &4e- schil^slich ueberhaupt
y
345
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nicht ▼«rt«llt werden konnte. Aber Man kam nicht los von dem Detlt
grand homme Kinkel. Kabalen und Wadehblase Jahr um Jahr, Hoch 1859
wsr dieser Haas bo gluehenf! , daas er ihm bosinnungsloa eine weiteas
nirosaen
8»lner reatllchenVnMundsoUafte^ opferte» Freillgrath war nach Lon- don uebersiadelt» Br und K.'nkel, die beiden Die hter, wurden als Redner beim Hundertjahrs-Fest dee Dichter ?r/ikdrich Schiller anrekuendlgt, Marx wsr «uaner »ich, Yerratt Er fordert« da ee Preiligrath alch wei- gere, alt Kinkel auf dem gleichen Podium zu erecheinon, Freillgrath
s '
leimte ab# Der Krach zeretoerte fuer immer die Beziehungen* Der Freund^ Parteigenosse« Helfer irlel«>r Jahr« wurde fuer Marx "der dicke Phili- ster"*), der "Soheiaskerl«»^*), der "trundpeine ine Kerl", der "Schweim- hurnl"****) . '
*
Und noch ein Hess erg:?lff eines Tagen Besitz von Kari Marx ~ und dieser w^r bestimmt, verzehrender als i»lle anderen zu werden« Sr richtete sich nicht Regen einen Braigranteni sondern gegen einen Mann $n der deutschen Heimat» und er richtete sich nicht gegen einen ^oncurrenten am Morlct der Hevolution oder des Sozialismus j denn d«
Dr* Lassalle in Duesseldorf stand gar nicht im Markt ir- gendwelcher Politik* Aber eines Tages haBte Marx die ytetejrf,//^s8 dABser
«
Lassei Le in irgendwelcher Zukunft unvermeidlich eintreten werde ia
den Markt, — und dass er dann 3-ein dire/ftester, bei weitem gefaehr-
lichst^r Rivale sein werde« Ein Hess auf jij|redit, auf Vorschuss, auf
Vorrat, ein antizipierter, antizipierender Haas stieg auf #
Ifach zehn Jahren verbissenen forensischen Kampfs, nach nicht
^) Kar' ifarxt Brief an Sngels v. 3* November 1859 ♦* rbld Ibid ?• Juni 1859
^♦♦) Ibid Ibid • 19- November 1859
♦♦♦♦) Jbid • Ibid 6« Dezmber 1860
c
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346 ^ vrachied»n>n weniger als 36\ Prozessen, brocbts der An«ifalt Lassalle seine causa
celebre zil einem sleißTeichen Abschlußo. Die Öraeflu Hatzfeld erhielt ihre Soheldunß, saut einer hohen Jaehrlichan Rente, Allo fortschritt- lichen Oemueter freuten alch, denn IrRtndwle hatte der yall der Grae- rin gegen den Grafen Immer als ein ?all des Liberalisraus gegen die Reaktion p:eeolten. Und unabheenglg Ton allen polltls:h©n Neigungen lo^te und bewunderte Jedermann den brillanten Anwalt, Mit seinen ärels- sig Jahren war Lassalle zu eine* au*it rirntei Otdiiung und einem roora- liachen Gevlcht in seinem Lande geworden. Obendrein hatte er sich, wenn nicht Reichtum, so Sicherheit und Unabhaengigkeit errungen, denii von der Rente der Graefln ging ein Teil an ihn. Er konnte Jetzt leben nach
seineE Oeschnaelc. , -0 ..
Er beschlos^zu uobersiedeln — und mit^ruenpfen, uebor die er
verfuepte, mueste »ein Aufstieg in der nsuptstadt unaufhaltsam sein. 2r wer schoen, gewandt, freblldet, bewundert, ein packender Redner, ein witzlÄier Coupeur, dessen Anziehungskraft ein Zusatz von «■usUfTdr* ?^- dikalismus noch erhoehte. Auch hctte er Jene Dosis von eiieifeLu Ii.jw/Shr- ^9iz und dis^^reter Eitelkeit, die fuer oeff entliehe 4*arrleren ^o vor- teilhaft ist. Alles, mit einen Wort, schien ihn zu einer Art von deut- schem Gebens tueck Jenes ^enjemin Disraeli zu praedestinieren, dr.r am HiEmel Londons hoch und hoeher stieg. Urf. genau in dem Augenblick, in dem das Leben fuer Lessalke to vielsprechend wurde, platzte in
Marx eine Ader.
Er hatte keinerlei politische Beschwerde. Iiri Jahre der Revolutl on
wer Lassalle der Warx»8Chen Linie befolgt. Zu gleicher Seit mit Marx
als
C
ir«r er encreklaft gewesen. Ungl^uecklicher
Herr, hatte er apaeter sogar Im Gefaongnls sitzen muessen. Obwohl
yl
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3^7 •r danach keine prakt lache Politik iiehr aufnahm, gehoerte er wolt«r zur ♦»Partei". Als Marr den gaschaitarter Versuch unternahci, eir© "Zan- trelbehoerde« in Koeln zu utablieren, hatte or drinrad f^ewuenscht, dass Lassallo in sie aiatrote, Kianaad konnto bezv;eifaln, dass der Mann an die Marx*aohan Behauptungen glaubte, — und an dan Bawais, «»r kom-
in*n sollte. "f^^e^.
Ebenso wanip: gab as peraoanllche frtcttm^ I»im&r seit soin^ar
Sn;la3RunF aus derrj Oafaagr.ia hatte Lassalle her-^ilicL und respektvoll mit. l^rr i^rroßpondiart. Iliter war er bemueht gewesen, dem notleidan- da» Mann in London zu half an. Er hatte Geld fuer Ihn ceacm-nelt. Sobald ar dazu imstande gewesen wt r, hatte er salber ihm Geld zu schicken be- gonnen — gerade zura Noujahr 1856 waren wieder 30 Pfund von ihn ein- getroffen. 5r hatte Marx Arbeit und Einnahmen verschafft; hatte Hin gedraangt zu der, entschaidanen oekonoalschan Werk; hatte sich borm^ht/, und bemuehte sich weiter. In Voraus einen Verleger de fuer zu finden/. "Du hast in Deutschland kei.ien Freund als nich»»*), schXrieb er an Marx.
Aber in diesem Fruahjwhr 1Ö56 kern ein oba/^urer Hand^-Heiacüder zu J.ia;rx und erzaehlta ihm Oaschichten aus Dueaaaldorf — angeblich im Au:'treg of •*«*« Duesr.eldort w»*4e#»e4**). Er eraaehlte, daas die Arbeiter den Dr. Lasselle gar nicht leiden koennton. Sie gltiubtaa, •rzaailte dar Mann, das» Lassalla eine willenlose Puppe in den Eaen- den d.ir Oreaf in Hatzfeld aal; dass sein Sozialismus nur ein inttek zu Ruhm 'ind Geld fuer ihn sei; daas er eines Tages ganz sicher zur Bour-
geois i«
werde. KeiMrlei Substanz — nichts als die angeb-
(
♦) yr» nz Behring: Kerl Marx (Genaan Edition) p. 258 *♦) K-irl Marx: Brief an Engels voin 5. Ain- il 1C56
y'
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Helle Meinung angeblicher Arbeiter uober die in.ierste Bescheffenheit
dines Chfaktora — Klatsch bestenfalls. Aber Marx interessiert sich
befrerndllch fuer den Klatsch« Er interessierte *ich nicht weniger
den Klatsch ueber defuer,al» Tor Jahren fuerV^as Weitling» sehe Buch, der den Veteranen
dop Sozialismus uebers Meer vertrieben hatte. Er verewigt© den Klatsch
in einem Protokoll, das er von nun ab ggeeepuyAg die •'Offizielle Anklagt
?egen Lassalle nannte. Und er schrieb einen erregten üericht an sngel».
Natuerlich,fagte er, "I greatly mistrust worker«' gossip'*. Aber er
Unä aus
saf^ite auch:
»einer Frage: "Whet do you thlnk of It?"**) zitterte gespannte Br-
wartung.
Engels verstand» Und Engels selbst hatte Gefuehle, Er hatte sie Jahrelang niedergehalten. Jetzt schaeumten sie vorwaerts mit der Ge- walt einer Flut, deren Damm zerbrochen worden ist, «Der ^wud»»;^ brach Kngals aus. "Bin echter Jud» von der slawischen Grenze, irjier bereit,
fr
jeden fuer seine Privatzwecke zu exploitieren.". Er schuettelte sich vor Ekel. "Diese Sucht, sich in die vornehme Welt c inzudraengjen, Car- riere zu machen und den schmierigen bresiauer Jud» mit allerhand Poaad» und Schminke zu uebertuenchen, war mir immer wlderwaertig,"***) .
Selbst in der Explosion uebersah er nicht, dass der Klatsch voll- kojnmen leer war von Tatsachen. «Des acheint noch zu fehlen«. Also konnte roan nichts tun, man musate warten. Ausserdem verrichtete der Mann»^nuetzliche Dienst« fuer Marx, Fuer d«n Augenblick musste nau sich darauf beachraenken den Mund zu hallten, sich nichts anmerken zu lass-^.
(^
*)rggn2 yehrinrt Aus c^erc literarischen Rflchlaaovon Karl Marx,
iinfjels urin ForclinKind Lasselle, wT« IV, p. 2^5 ♦*) Kfirlilerx: Brief an En^ols von 5, Ma^rz 1856 ♦♦♦) Friedrich Enj?elst Brief an Marx v, 7. Maerz 185©
Frfc dr.
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349
heimlich weiter zu beobachten»
Aber limaer von diesem Tage ab belauerten vier boese Au^en in Lon- don und Mr^nchester Jede Re^nin« da« nichtsahnenden Mannee In Berlin. Und die vii'^m li^uu vmrde/ noch öÜi^Is Lassal^ die Nachricht sandte,
dass er ein Werlc ueber den Philosophen Heraklit rollenöet h«be, und dass er Uen nach vollendetem Druck die z^ei diclcen beende zugehen
lassen werde»
Auch des noch, zwei dicke Beende Wissensnhaftl Von Marx war
hoch kein dicker Band Wisienschaft publizHirt!]t Br schickte den Brief nach M«nche8ter: "Die komische BiteÄkeit des Burschen, der mit Gewalt berueh^t werden will uiri ohne allen Anlaas 1200 3«i^en^f ber griechi- sche Philosophie schreibt, wird Dich amueai.ren.-r) "Hierbei der Brief Ton Lassalle zurueck. Dorch und dorch der laeppisc.he Judl (TJeberss -dorch ist eine Verjuedelung von "durch". Ist da. zu uebersetzen?) 3s werden schoene Geschichten sein, die er zusemnengeschrieben hat.«*») Wenn Ewrela antisemltisrh wurde, und er wurde es leicht, pftfegte i.^arx es als notwendig zu empfinden, sich auch auf diesem Felde nicht schlagen zu Ispsen. "Wir werden das Ding selbst sehen", replizierte er, "und^ obgleich ein geschenkter Gaul, ihm doch tief ins Maul gucken —
ta oenditii
dass der Heraklit nicht nach Knob-
lauch duftet, "♦♦♦f)
Als die z ei Beende eincetroffen .^aren, nannte er sie "ein sehr
|)
.«RrxufiTxt Brief an Engels v. ß. Mai IS 57
'^*\ yriedrl gnrelat Brief an Merx ▼■ W* j^^
^^ f'iyAl '■ ***** 9:^r-^**
1R57
lt. -?/. Oic. (/es-
j(üjj. iäeJ^
Ilaid 1, robrunr 1ff!>l>
7
350
r
i
t
d^ßtmv'enlpier f^enoetlp;t, oln Opfer auf den Alt^r selnor praktischen In- teressen zvi bringen* ••Ich hebe endlich an Lassalle fr:ef^chr leb en^ ••bekannte er scbemhhft, ••und Du nusst mir Absolution {:^eben vicgen d^^r F,lo{>:en, die loh Ilersklit den Dunk:len machen wissto'»»^) Aber do^ X^^nf^ dem Mann ins Gesicht zu laecheln, Machte den Trieb, hinter aeiaon Ruecken zu ??pucften^ uinno ^obieterL'iohor^ Jahr \m Jahr ein iimcr anschwellendes Duett von njoeen Beschlrrpfunw^en, mit Vorliebe Ton antl^ftiitlschen. •T)er grausee Lasselle'»**) ; (Ueb<^rs:'»ßrftUS8'' Ist Jiddisch fuer*»groa««.) ••das Juedel'^^^^j •»dal Juedchen******) ; ••Juadcl Braun**5) ••Ephreln Gegc5heit'»6) ; ••Sxjjellen» Bphi^aiiQ ae.schelt'»?) ; ••Itzig*»^) ; ••Baron It3ig»»9); ••Itzlc der Luaip^^lO)
ff'U.4X<t-
4e^
y or ftYia
Ja, es gab Ablenkungeul Zahllos w^ren in oll den Jphren die Stoe- runden, die Karl Marx in Hachrtonken n«ber die all-ent8chelt1«n<len B«- welfl»,.vln der Arbelt an don wll afttonhatdandan Buch unterbrachen — od«r
Ton
dftnen »r sich unterbrechen lleso. Und nicht nur seine Miseren und
seine Obsessionen v/aren die Stoerunj^, "Es {^h Ablenlaih«:en auch duroh
die '7elt-rolitik, dlo or in Auce behalten musate.
In Frankreich neohto der Praesident Bonaparte sich zun Kelssr.
18^.9, in Paris, hatte i'arx den soeben trlumphcl z^rr^e^ltsn Prinzen
In unrettbaren Sturz bef^rlffen jeflehen« »»All 'gemeiner Sustand h4»r: <[9T
Bonapartlarauf! ist fuer Iraat^r kompromittiert. "ll) 1851 w>5r ä9T Bonepartia-
mus populser genug, ua dem Prinz-Praesidenten »inen Staat8*-5trelch
Brief an *!sfx ▼• 31 Mai 1858 c Ä*« Bu^e^ : 'ti>cui «A »*4 VukM / 14. April 1858 ••♦) g\rl Mafx; Brief an Engels ▼. 25. Februar 1859 4) •" Sbir »rW- .. 25. Mai 1859
zu
5) Tilftdr. Engels tBrlef «n Marx ▼• 9. j^nl 185^
6)K.ar.. i^orx; Brief tKn Engele "* '
7) Karl f-nrz; Ibid
SJFrir.dr. Segelst Br. an Mnrx v.
9) Karl i^orx; Brief an Bng^
l^j Karl Marx: Brief an Engels
11) Ksrl MarT;Bri</an üingels
2. Juli 1850 U. Juli 1^59 27. Juni 1660
4. Februar I86O 17, Aupoist 1849
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351
* .
g«8tatt«n. und 1852 inthronisierte ein noch triumphaieres Plebizit deh Praealdenten des Staatsstrelchs als Napoleon lU, Des Ereißnis forderte M«n heraus, zum zweiten Mal "ein Stueck Zeitgeschichte aus der oekonomischen Lage zu erklaeren-. (■»•beiMl y> m) Kr schrieb ei Broschuere ueber den "18. Bruniaire des Louis Bonaparte".
Louis DonaiJait«")^ Auch »ie verf 3
nuiveinem deutschen Winkel-Veriag zu Ne^- York erscheinen zu koennen.
Andere BrelRnisse der V«elt-Politik forderten Ken sogar zu mehr als nur zu ((forimentaren heraus. Zweimal bot er alles auf, was er aufbie- ten konnte, um die Ereisrnisae selbst zu beeinflussen. Beide Male roch die Luft nach Krieg. Beide Male blieb,« er treu den Prinzipien und MÄho?. den» die er 1SU9 in dem daenischen Fall entwickelt hatte. Willkominen, Kriegl Br wuenschte Ktieg, er kaempfte fuer den Krieg.
IM Jahre 1853 setzte eine Spannung zwischen Russland und Eng- land weisen balkanische^ Af feieren ^In. Di« englische^Stl'W^ertitzte
sich verheissun.svoll ^ «^^^^^1^55^. .^'^^l^^Jlf ^^^^^^^"""'"^^ reichste schien Lord Pelmerston. Mitglied des Kabim tts, zu sein. Die
Krießs-Partei wandte ihr Feuer gegen Palmerston - und dazu konnte Marx einige Salven 'beisteuern. Seine Artikel fuer die "New York Tribüne" wurden zu einer Serie Yon vitriolisohen Attacken auf den Appeeser im britischen Kabinett, dleseiy offenbaren Verehrer der russischen Des- potie, diesen offenbaren ^llaborationisten de8_Zarisinus.||DBS verschaff- te Marx die Bekanntschaft mit einem gewissen Mr^ Urquhart, der eine noch effektvollere These hatte. Denn Mr. Urquhert beschuldigte Lord Palmerston, einfach von Russland bestochen zusein - bestochen mit 25.000 Pfund, die der Zar ihn auf mysterioese Weise an einem myster- ioesen Spieltisch habe fjewlnnen laesen. «Ein kompletter Monomane-,») ^) fcarl Man: Brief an Bngels vom .....?\Februar 1854
r
(
352 nannte Marx Ihn privat* NichtsdeatoweniKer machte er gemeinsame Sache mit dem Monomanen* Oeffentlich pries er den Monomanen als ueherra* grend verdienstvollen Kaempfer gegen Palmerston* Er lieferte Artikel fiepen Palmerston fuer das Blaettchen des Monomanen* Er lieferte Texte fuer die Flujp;blaetter gegen Palmerston^ die der Monoioane im Land ver- teilen liess* Im ganzen beteiligte Marx sich mit rund 15 Artikeln en der Campagne gegen den Appeaser Palmerpton* 1854 begann der Krieg der Krimkrieg — * und nebenbei wilrde Paicier8t6ff\fuQ> ■dte^'ln^oonocen
Jahre^
1858 stieg der Geruch von Blut an einer anderen Stelle Europas auf« Der Kaiser Napoleon schickte sich an, die Oesterreicheiy anzugrei^^tc.
PI aus /zuwerfen aua| ihren italienischen Provinzen^ In Ber- lin wurde gestritten, ob Preussen dem deutschen Bruder OesterreiÄh zu Hilfe können solle# Nationalisten in Berlin laermten fuer den Krieg, die Regierung nahm den Kurs auf Neutra Uta et • Marx suchte nach *e»; swinpendi^Wa nationalistischen
Schlagwort ruer den Krieg^Vl
\T war hin-
gerissen von der Idee, die Engels, der militaerischer Experte^ hatte. Ja, Engels musste in einer /militaeri8ca\profe8sionel}/e» Broschuera be^ weisen, dass fuer Preussen, mehr noch, fuer ganz Deutschland alle mi- lltaerlsche Sicherheit dahin sei, wenn Oesterreich die jliitalienischen Territorien verliere* Das wer dasvArgxarientl Der Rhein muss verteidigt werden am Pol Mit dieser mllitaerischen Berruendung '•the der^and must be put to the German governnents, not to reciain neutral, but as you riphtly say, to be patriotlc''*), •• und Marx unterstrich mit e Brttewi das Wort ••patriotiAj»* Nebenbei konnte diese Broschuere «
(
NMk*
*) Karl t!arxt Brief an Engels ▼• 18. Mel lß59
1
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353 Alonwip die inllltÄ#ri.«'oh# Reputation des Icuenfti^on Heepfuohrers TJ^
(pils zu begimeiiden» **Th« paxsphl^t siust flret
aoonyiaoar?ly, so
th^t thf?^ puMlc thlnk:« the fiuthor le a freat irenorel« In the aecond •dltlon you vvill raveal yoarsalf In a alx-llna prefaca« Thls vilU than ba a trluoph for foiar party^^)« Dia Pronchuara To und Hheln*' arachlan In Barlln» Dar Autor wu7^da i?in??cha Inend nicht fiior alnan ^grarrt jCanaral ii?ahaltan# Dia prauaslscha Raglerunf; jadanfalla^ sun z^valtan Mal Tlal iwnlpar patrlotls^^h el^ Uptx und En^ols^ fuohrte/{ Ihr Land aucÄ 1859 nicht In dan Krlag«
Aber ella Krlafig^und alle ' alt-Polltllc waren nur viichtlg untar dan Gas Ichtspunkt dar Revolution» Dar e^oase, ayaii"ally^^t?ar;on3tand^ auf dan Mcirx all dla Jahra hindurch nein Oahlrn und seine FTf^rvon ^rich- tet halten Tüuaata^ w^r^fslbatTerataendllch^ die neue nevolutlon# Waachtar^ wie weit lat aa In der Nacht? (üalerai Olbllachea aitat»
l^anrip wo^ aus welchen Anläse wuerde sie kCÄi- ?ren7Jedea Jahr s.*ihan £Sarx und Enr^ala die Revolution un die Ecke bleen»
Na<;hd«r. dl« Wirtschaf takriji^aj^ die lltatter der Hevolutioa« nicht •8pa«t««t«as In Aiurttst XßSO" geko^rjton wnr, hatten sie den Terrain auf lS5i prolongiert, A^e^ es Icun weder Krisis noch Revolution»
Ale 1^51 voruQter wnr, erwarteten als die Revolutioa in 1852 ftmk
der Usurpator Hepoleon« Schon «ein Steats-^treich iu. Pezetaber te nit Kevolution beantuwrtet /werden nuessen «— und Engels ymr sehr erbittert ueber die rfUcwKni'Meenunhelt der frnnzoesinchen Proletarisr in Jenen Augenblick« "Die meisten Proleterior nmessen den Ilunbug dirch- »ohaut und « ich trotzden vor^jeschwetzt haben, jetzt »ol eile« allrightn
(
\ Brief aa Bii/wls v. 25« Felruar 1059
t
c
354 bloss dAnit altt «inen TorvmnA beottea, sich nicht zu schiaßen«"'*} Dru«lc* kvbftrp'ert Aher dl» napolAoniiiche üeurpatlon war noch nicht obf?«schlos-» •«n« **In «in pear Monat«n nuessen die Hoten wio(!er eine Gele/^enhelt bttic(Knin«n, wo Bi« sich zel(?en Icoennen*** Wenn der Prinz sein Spiel voll* Jfenfien unfl sich zuta Cf-leer aachen wird, dann wird endgueltlg flle Stun- d« der H<>volntion freitonniAn sein* Sollten die Proletarier sich allerdings euch dann wieder drueoken "dann reb Ich sie «uf/»»l Und der zvfelte &mr rotan Foudalherm erross «eine vertrauliche soz^e Philosophie In
einen Ausbruch frretiSfiner Verachtung txier die Iflsern plebs« "Wj^s ist Amnn noch an 6mn Gesindel ^ wenn •& verlernt ^ sich zu «c2il8ß«nf**)t Da« Gesindel schftut sich nicht» Ss pab keine Devolution«
?üer den Tlest von 1R52 und fuer 1853 kehrten die revolutlonaeron Prognosen wieder aur Wlrtnchaftskrlals aurueck» *»"W»b die Wlptnoho
Kpisla ani^eht**, beklfif^te sich i^nrx zu Eneels, "so words Ich nicht cehr klue d?ratt8-****) und er verlangte frenauere Informationen« Engels ßab sie mit Preezislon« "Die wahrscheinlichste Zelt fuer den Ausbruch der Kr Isis ist !lov«nbep 1852 bis Februar lS53f ßbor wir koennen sie eben- sogut schon In Septeober haben« Sie wird schoeh werdenl"****) In eliMr «weiten Krtclaorunß nannte er diesen Terrain nicht nohr nur eine «ahr- echelnlichlcelt, sondern "nach allen Ref^eln"^ ein »»Musa "•♦♦••)• ^^ ^""^ 1S54 stuetzte sich die Revolutlona-Prognose suf den KrlraoKrleg» an dssssn Verhinderung^ Paleerston so glueckllch verhindert worden wer«
0
Bin Artifikel Ton Karx inforoierte die Leser der "Hew-York Tribuns",
t Brief an J'erx v. U« Oexenber 1«5«- /«^^/
} Brief an Engels v« U* Februar 1852 Brief en M«rx v« 2« Maerz 1852
) IMd 0
20« April 1852
<■
f~>
ä»88 die
•QXrOPR«l8Ch«
355
Revolution la Begriff« sei, "to at«p forth In shlnlng arriour, sv,'orÄ In hnnd, llk«3 Minerva fron tho brow of tlie Olya» plan. The i»pendlnf» European wer will give the elgnöl"*)« Der Krieg kara «nd verging. Er gab kein Signal, Äi« Revolution blieb fern«
1855 und IÖ56 wer es auf» neue die Wirtschaf tokrials. "fTow the laat phaae of the «windle 1« bef?lnnlnf»«, schrieb EnPiels nach LondoA/. 'Thla tlne the oraah will beat anythinp knovm bafore«"**) tJnd llarx seinereelta uebor die politische Consequeaz, die Eetolutlont "Thla tlioe the thlnß Is on a Europj/ean scale never ree-ched lefore and I do not tbink we »hpll be able to alt höre 08 spoctatora much lon^er* /The
»
•oob lila»» t Ion» of our peraone la et hand«.***) AVer ea kam weder KrlBl« noch Revolution«
Erat 1~ apneten Oktober 1857 koa* sie endlich wirklich, öle goett- liehe B9^n9%\.B\\% Kr lala, die seit April 1850 ununtarbrochen erwartete, ununterbrochen sn/rekuendlgte Depreaslon. Elnncl, natugrlich, hett« sie können raueasen, Aber sie kpn vollo zehn Jrhre nach der Torif-en« Hoch nie hatte eine Konjunktur ao Innre bedauert, — dl« iviasenachRftllche Doktrin von den irerier kuarzer werilenden Abetaenden zwischen den Depre85±c| nen hatte sich kolneawetrs bastaetipt. v?le vm^rc'e sich die v issenschaf t- llche Doktrin beitaetlron, daaa jede neue Depression schauerlicher als die Torige werden muease? Und wie «■»rf'.o eich die wissenschaftliche Doktrin beataetigen, daaa die neue Wlrtachefta-Krlsla notwendifjerwoisa die neu« Revolution erzeuf^an muease?
Marx und Engels kannten keine Zweifel in beideü Einsichten, Sie
t!f>
t
Artiole in "New York Tribüne", /Tebrucrj^ ^V 1Ö54
\ Brief en Marx v, U. April 1856
)lC6rl llerxr Brief an Engela ▼• .ifiSapt. I856
>
t
>
t
35<
8chwanin#n in Stli^kelt, bebten Iri aauer erster ErregtuiR» ^I feel in nagnl^ floent form aiaMct thlo gener^l tre^kdcn/a''^ scliwilgte der praeeui^ptlv« Proletnrlscbe Coij:.?xad«iirj'# ^Ixi IS48 we aeidj llow our tli^; i« cowlae, «n<! In a oerteln cenae it CMie» But nm; it 3js comliir: altogethor^ now It will be a f l^ht for Ilfe« Thls r^kes my milltary studiea luorn^ practl-» cel et once* I an Instantly throvilnf: nyself Into the exiotin,^ organl^ setlon of the Pruao^i^n, Aufftrlcn^ Baverion and French Anaiea^ an^i beyond thftt lato nothlnr but ridinr^ thnt is» fox huntln^^ whioh is tho roal school"*) Uml der praesumptlve Prolatftrls he Dlktatori '^I am working llke mipdvthroußh the nl^^htc et put' Ing ny econoulo atudiea toßothap BO thst I riay at least hnvo tho outlines cleer tafore the öaluga ooca«^*^)
Aber titL% ein Jr^hr vergaxigen war, nusßta Jäarx schon wieder ••tha fevoreble turn of Um worM trada et thla cionent*^**) baklagea# Oh^ ^Issenachciftl Oh, Doktrlnoa/l Die DapiB&aluu hatte nloht nur viel laan« per pezoef^ert, sonclern war 6*uch viel rascher vorbei als alle fruaharau« tind vollkorja^n voröbaneimt hatte die I^apreaaloni' dan daluega^ dla Ravo* J.utloinmlt sich zu brlnrofli^
//
Run, dann 1^5^! I>en Ausf^anj^apunkt dar Hevolutioa/ entdeckte Marx ^etst ploat^lich in nus^l&nd» ^It ia at le^nut consoling that in Ruasla the revolutlon h^a befiin, for I rernrd the convocatlon öf the ^notablaa*
1»
eö euch a b^glnninp* It will do the French no heim if
they See thet the Wv)rld oan nove wlthout thoxa* »•****) Und von ivalcheai
i^nd die Devolution auspehan wierde, wer In Grunde je- euch eimrlei«
Auf alle Fealla blieb ea dabei, daas sie ueber fian^ Huropa 8chwass::aB^
^i Friadrq Snp-ela: Brief aJl Kerx v. 15« November 1857 ^*) Krrl Mprxt Brief aA Engels v* ß* Yi%z«c^%T 1857
Brief an Bneels v# ?• Oktober 185Ö Marxx Brief au Engels v« 8# Oktober 1858
*^'
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357 raua.'U« 'On t*>« Contlnent the Revolution la imslneat and will also Imniill?» tely Bemrr.9 & 30ol'>l?«?t cheraoter***) • Dos \mr 1850. Bs ton k«in« R«vf>lutlon, nicht In Huonland, nlAt Irnen^v/o.
BujDi^ di^nn fWfrmt^-Jhntan Jahr* 1859 miehrtf? sich die Prognoöt rn^ der iiüiAnnnfcea. HtiTolutlon wieder elnnnl Ton eisest Trleg^ — dm fran^i^ oef!terr^lchl8r»hen Krler In Italien* Aber «^ /^h keine ?.ovolutlon| kein Fuenlcchen davon -^- nlenal^t nirrend^^o^ In Oafolge von nlchtSi»
Etv^^B w*^^ frrntaunllch if^n dlecea ln?/ier neuen Pro^^noseris Slchor, wer eine ü^öhe halee ^err^hrt* wird leicht zun Thf^ntesten« Er Ißt lia* teer versucht^ Jedes nur denkbare l^relgnlo fuar <las Signal der Erftjol* lun^ 2U holten* Dna int eine dar vertrautesten rienschllchon Sohw^echoa« Aber ^Pivy und En^ln hatten sorrenannte nlasenechaftllche Cresetz« ueber ans DlhiT^ de» »1^^ bewahrten atifpas teilt • 1?er Irgend etwnö eacrt«^ mae dleaen GesetT^l^en widersprach^ wurde mit Teuer und 3chirfefel von Ihfien bedroht* Das erstaunliche \n\T^ dase sie aelbct sich mit Ihren I^rogaoeen krelneave-^a an Ihre elrrene Wlaaenachaft hlaltanCfsie hatten dps Oesetz
aufgestellt^ fkm»'^ •'eine neue Rrvolutlon nur moegllch Ist Im O«folc# einer neuen t?lrtarheftshrl8e'^ ^li^liifia; p# 916]^ — abor f es hindert© sl^ nicht, die Rrvolutloc In Err/^ nrelunr einer Tvlrtsrhaftskrlst auch von ürEachen wie Louln Napoleon^s Staatsetreich zu erwarten« Sie hatten des olsern© Gesetz/ aufr^cTJ teilt , dass die Hevolutlon nur dort noeglioh
Bel| T70 d
Ztir '•Kelfa^
elnd.
eher das
bindorte sie nicht, die Revolution ad llbltun auch In den voelllß ^xm* 3felfen^ Ruaaland zu erwarten* Offenkundig ^,p ea elnffirrh uAuUfc i^Pila^
luicAA ii//t (^g/ u^Uf
<^e#e Ihre nie endenden Prcpheselungon wlrtelieh aus Ihren aysterloes^n
1
) Karl Man» BrJaf ail Eng«!« ▼•8. Okt. 1858
t
0
358 law« of motlon of tha evolutlon of hunanity >x»i'»hiBftMa^ Offenkundig pro^hezeihten b1« keine öpnr anders als irftendwin pewonnlicher Ii«nsch am Starmtiach oder irf^endein bescheidexi^r Heejfcücteur: sie rieten. Und da sie rieten geblendet Ton ihrer Gier, verhaertet in geistdßer Mass- loalfükeit und frend den wahren Ire tinkten der Menschen, prophezeihten sie in Summa unvergleichlich Tiel schlechter als der gewoehnlichstejff der pewoehnlichen Menschen, der bescheidenste der bescheidenen Redak- teure« Schwerlich irab^ es ir^endwen in Europa, der alle Ereignisse die- ser Jehre so unfehlbar raissvorstand wie Man und Bngels, — eine total falsche Propheaeiimg nach der andern, ununterbrochen iind ausnphraslos.
Ein/ Glueck, dass die Firma
Bmen und Sngels ihren Dispositionen
an d«r Bnurawollboers« offenbar andere, weniger extraordinaere politi-
sohe Prognosen zu Grunde legte. Die Prognosen von Engels Junior, /(am"
statt rziell xtexk literarisch verwandt, haetten sie in den Bankerott rueh-
ren muesse^ Die Firma in Manchester gedieh,
♦ ■ ■
Einen Gewinn indessen schien die ewig betrogene Krv/artung der
Revolution doch gezeitigt zu heben. Als Marx Ende 1857 den »»deluge"
am unmittelba festen bevorstehend glaubte, — hatte er da nicht gai^eldet,
er sei workinr like mad all through the nights at putting his economic
studies topjether? Das musste wohl bedeuten, dass er sich endlich den
AbschluFS des epochalen *erk«s naeherte, .^ /•//?
Die Annahme, dass das so sei, steigerte^Engels Jelliitüit in j«-*^-^ ^<A wnu,eiixl(4ij/n.t _rmii"ig i^^^^^k-th^.J w-«br«nd der letzten Jahre fast-*^^^ tti>. stti4f?e*- -geffefek^O viel haTte er
nicht mehr zu hoffen gewagt. Seit Ende 1851 hatte er nicht mehr viel
▼on dem Fortgang dieser Arbeitl ITon ihr, im Gegensatz zu seinen
h^t^f.
Ma
ihmvauch nie ein Blatx^ Almaehlich
(
sonstigen Gewohnheiten,
hatte Engels sogar zu frapen aufgehoert. Aber jetzt schien Ja alles
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359 (pit «ndAtt %VL nollon — und uraeo besser» als gerad» i£/i dieselbe 2^elt za der frohen Hoffnung noch eine frohe Nachricht hlnaukaa«
Die frohe Nachricht kati von Lasaalle« Wie richtig ea (gewesen w»Tp den "Beron Ital«" nicht merken zu kasaen« wna aelne zwAi Freund* in Bn^lend von Ihn hlelteni Nach Jahren ▼ergebllcher Berauehung wnr es Leeselle ««hlles«lioh doch noch ^eglueckt, einen Verleger fuer Uerx* groenes Werk zu gewinnen« Xr hatte seinen eignen Verleger bessmuv^n* "It le onl7 tho^ka to Lasaalle's extraordinaru eeal and po^^era of par* •URslon th«t Dunoker haa b^en perauaded»*) /sagte Marx spaeter* Vfeleh« Befreiungt Die Ernte schien endlich, endlich zu reifen*
Zum zweiten Ual wurde v«rhandelt ueber das Buch» ueber das der erste V^rtrftg 1845 geaohloaaen worden wnr. Nach den Angaben dea Autors war die "Kritik der politiachen Ookonaaie" auf laehrere dicke Baende be* rechnet« Out, jaan mtuate nicht werten^ bis eile fertig waren# Der Verleger Dunoker In Berlin war bereit» den ersten Band (allein herouszu«
n. Ja, ja, pjewisa, sapjte Marx, «bar auch der erste Band war noch nicht 8ls6olut uad eiidRualMig abcreachlossen« Sollte man warten bis zum letzten I-Punkt? Vielleicht wer ea besser nicht iu wstten, und auch den «raten Band nicht insF^SB^^t, sondern nsdi und nacii hereuszubrin^n» *ian konnte Ihn in einzelnen, einander folffenden Heften vöroeffentllchen - — etwa seht bis zwoelf Refte von je zytsI bis drei Kapiteln, deren Kanus* ^ript der Autcr "alle po»?r Monate liefern» wu erde ••Dies er Vorschlag gini? von nlr selbst au«"*), schrieb Marx an En^^ls*
Der Vorachlag wurde angenocanen* In Kaerz 1858 wurde der Vertrag untei«schrleben. tassalle holte fuor den Autor ein Hohorar heraus, da«
1^
'UnTxi Brief an Weydesieyer rem 1 denoe llnteffnef Ion
Fehnusr 1859
Selleet« Correspon« p. 119
«♦
)Ks£Ui&
n^
K^ti ctw, EuLoeA ir. i<f. il'ijJi /rfiy.
X,
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360 tm dl« IIe«lftti> hoi^har vmr als Aar rNblich« 3etz fuer vfls8en{>cheftllohe
%T hat also» sogto r>lcto ^Une^l^a nach nicht« i af «et?, Pnplor* J#t2t erst will er mit Caia il>:];r-oi1>en lH)elanan# Irriiorhin^ \mii\\^ ar «^a nnr fej>» tiß lia Kopfa liatta, öle fahlÄiidaA Bow^-^l^a «eftift^Sen urirt fiia^Macht^ so war (löö Schraib^n am- »ahr Handw€irfc# ^Alla^Kon'ite* 2Wol Mfj drctl JCfipltal
war b
cmuem
penuf:* Sehr (reschlokt hetta Ubtx sich <ik\B ein^arlrfetatl
Bngalß blieb optiiiia tisch« XJixl helle litr/or^sl ;ht harr^oht^ unter Vt^TX^ öatrauaa (Ucbayat p. 322) Li London. !)or V i4aA lHtolXin<»jitea»4 In dMi
lEimer wachaalnden klalnon Krals Wfjr seit alnlser 7#alt aln Jungar äatit^ achar PhUologa naiaons Y'ilholri Liabloiacht« Jetzt vfird Such gozaiip^t wardan^ war Kerl Knrx Ictl hoahnta Llabknechti, der Tucinger, ^ay /.pai-
atal^ Jatzt \;ir<i ar harßiuikoä?» lan alt all den Betralson^ dla Ihr DiniBkoapfa
•* • «
iha nicht isshr zugatreut hebt* Jatzt tdrö aelna •TCrltik^ die ^anz^ Paaudo-Viiaaooschaft der bl^herlcen politischen Oalconoriil© aaöüolieroa# Dia Spa niinc^ die dar triunphl erenßa 7uenfjar Liebknacht arzan^to, w«r
batraachtlich*
^
Der 2^1 185S WPoahAoaJ des r.!riau30rlpt -leß ersten Tlettes bXl«b aus» Alle p«ar Koaut« kacea llaltnungnn an i^arx* Alle p-ier J/onatc schrieb er Sntachuldigun^n, Aüfani; Februar 1S59*T^W'T ep so weit« Der Verleger erhielt den Taxt voii zvsi. Kapiteln/»
Der Autor eiwertet« ölo ersten Exe^npler« In JTsorz» Br t3'i!»r furcht- bar nervoes« Lassalle iaf/orniorte Ihn, dass er, v-ahr sehe ial Ich «In paar lochen laenjr^r dauern werde» Des l^enuaj^rlpt war so versraetet {geliefert irwrÄen» jetr.t noaatea belja Drucker emt^ wle<!5er liesoMnen frei wer- «Jen. Ah» eil» Verschlebußfl Eine «rnte Vers'^Mebune — und dann
)E£
«i«M, /«fSip
Htttt
-XX
) Jk4 iovuufiM, ids^-
^1. /<accc«,«c^ ^^-f^
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361
ne zweite — UJid demi eine dritte, und denn lonor s^o weiter* Die
die sich seit den
••phötastisoh s^^hviTirzen Gedanken*',
Tagen flop elt«n TTeinrlch Marx sur Kf^nie tmhlloser
UDd
Beschimpfungen entwickolt hatten ~ die schvf^ry^Bn Gedanken ergriffen sofort vflede^ Besitz von üan:» Ihn brauchte nienand :".n erklRereiu>
(
y
1
Itzig, wollte d«B Brpchelnen seines V'erkee verhlnOern. Er hette ßich hinter den Vorleger gesteckt, damit es hinp.usßeschoben und hitiau3(5e- echohen wf^rde« Eine Verschivoernng:! Fluten Ton Be« oh Impfungen ueber "den Hund*» La88elle^),''dQ8 Vieh Lassa lle'*'*'*) wpelzten sich von '^^ondon nach Manchester« •'Ich vergesse dem Juedchen diesen Streich nichtl'»**'^) Und
kein beschwichtigendes Tfort von Engels •
Im Juni wich des Gespenst der Versrhwoer\ing«[^ Juni^ 1859 er- schien die •'Kritik der politischen Oekonorule'' — das erste Heft des ersten Bandes*
Marx* Nervositaet war unertraeglich geworden* Er suchte in den Zeitungen nach Auabruechen von Begeisterung* Er forechte in den Geaich-
«
tern nach Blicken dar Btwundanine, At9T was kam, vrer grauaam verBcliii- den davon.
Er erfuhr wie der treue Liebknecht sich geeeussert hatte. Sein Juenger L*<fbknecht, der auf den Hooben triuiuphelster Erv/artung gewan- delt war, hotte fnst gewslnt, "Noch nie hat ein Buch mich so enttaeuscht wie diesesl«^***) hatte '9T geengt.
Und ein anderer auo seiner Randvoll von Getreuen, auch ein Llt«-
^T Snrl Marxt
♦•♦) Ibid *♦♦*) Ibid
Brief an ragelB
JMA
vom 2L. Kai 1859 1. Juni 1859 25* Mai 1859 22 Juli 1859
I I
r
c
362 rat, sah Marx s«lber gsrada In die Augen und fragte lalconiachi "A quo! bon? — Wozu soll dfts ßxit söin?!*'*)
Die £ntta#Udcliun^ dar Jaengtir war verstaandlloli« Nichts von dam, wed sie erwartet hattoA^ war zu, &atioc)^erL l*i Aenx Heft« NicJit eine Spar TOn den fehlenden Beweisen fuer Irgenlv/elohe der Iv^arx* sehen Thesen* Nicht ein Wort ueber den unabwendbaren Ziusairurien brach der boargeoisen Oelcono«* mie* Mehr noch^ es erhobteTsich i±m ernsthafte/ Zweifel^ ob diases Heft ueberhaupt etwas zu tun habe mit der praktiachen^ re&len^ concreten
»
Oetconomie«
Das Ganze beschaef tlgte sich mit der Frage: Wieso hat ein Ding einen oe Monomischen Wertf Uixi was bestiiiüiiit die Uoohe (Uebers: Liagnitude) seines oelconomischen Wertes. Und die Antwort lautete: der Wert und seine Hoehe ataiiinen von der Arbeit, dii in dem Din^? steckt ~» genauer: Yoa der 2*ahl der Arbeltsstundan, die in ihm stocKen* Sin Dlnc ist et- was wert, well eaTe^OftaajAd labom tiinuf*?) lat — tnd Jedes Ding iat
c
Zeit* Das, sagte Viams.^ ist das Gesetz des Wertes fodr alles, was ver«^ kauft und gekauft wird* Das bestlricit den Preis aller V»aren (üebersi ooi TBOdltieeX, und aller »»Artikel^, Ton Palaesten bis zu^ Stiefe^fun Mtr?,r/( Nun, dass die aufgewendete Arbeit, oder Arbeitazeit^sehr viel
«
zu tun hat mit dentWert Mines Dings, war nichts Neues* Diesen Gedanken traf man schon in den a ältesten Anf aengen einer oekonomischen Litera- tur* Marx* Neuerung war, d£iss als Arbeit und Arbeitszeit bei ihm aus- druecklich nur die manuelle Arbeit und Arbeitszeit figurierte — keine Arbeit und Arheitszeit des Gehirns* Und seine zweite Heuerung bestaifl '») Kfirl Karx: Brief an Engels v. 22. Juli 1859 **) Karl üwrx; Crltlque of Polltlcal Economy, p. 2k
t
o
363 daraus, daes tei ihm die Arboits-Seit — die manuelle — nicht mehr nur ein«rt«xxlwdBÄCTM von untersch^lEdlichen Foktoron war, die ssiisam- men den Wert «ines Dinge bestixniA«n, sondern der einzis©, ausschliess- lich« Faktor. Bin Dintr kann auf die Laen^e der Zeit, durchschnittlich, uninoeglich einen andren Wert und Treis haben, als den, den die ih ihm
enthaltenen ^UwUhi'U: iilltJUdiuaj ArDeiissTiunaoa lau v«ix«4a.u^. v.»t^..v
kann ein Din«, in dem keine Arbeitsstunden enthalten sind, unmoeglioh irgendwelchen oekonomischan Wert haben. Des war der ßanse Inhalt den
Heftes.
War das, wie Marx anscheinend behaupten w^üAe- wollt©, oir» Ana •
lysis der Tatsachen in dir realen, praktischen, i^on^^eten Oekonoraio? Ä#nn es so gemeint war, dann konnte selbst der rhilologe Liebknecht erkennen, dass es unri htig warCfla der wirklichen Oekonoiaie ist der Wert oder Preis der Dinge keineswegs ausschliossllch von den Arbeits- stunden determiniert. Eine ganze Anzahl anieror Ursachen ist an der Bntstehunf dar Werte oder Preise mindestens bstelllnt. Ilorvorragend
1 ri-elfleij eiaes Dings ist» unter
V
beteiligt aH^ ^gg Biianna de^ Wert anderem, der Grad seiner Hcoufigkeit oder Seltenheit. Hervorragend be- teiligt ist der Grad des Verlangens nach dem betreffenden Ding.*«^ JU der Tat zeigten sich damals bereits Anfaenge einer Uert-Thoorie, die spaeter die herrschende zu werden testliimt war,-na«mlich, dass der wert eines Dings ueberhaupt keine objektive Ciuello hat, sondern dass er im wesentlichen aus den subjektiven Wunsch eines Menschen oder vie- ler Menschen herruehrt. das Dlnß zu puji<.aeii|f und aus ihrer Bereit- s :haf t, etwas lia Tausch dafuer zu geben^lluf jeden Fall, die Tatsachen d.jr ^f irklichen Oekonomie widersprochen drastisch der Behauptung, dae« <l.»r Pr-lf? «m-is Dings auaschliecslich von den Arbeitsstunden determi-
\
\
€
364 nlert sei« Ein Haus kann ainlf^e Jehre nach Amm Bau auf den zahnfechon Preis gestiegfiiT amin^ obwohl inzwischan nicht eins ainsiga waitara Arbaitsstunda hinzugaicoiQr'an ist« Sin Saclc fCAPtoffal rapraasantiart in ainam Jahr von Hungaranot Icains hoahara Zahl von Arbaltsstundan wla in ainam Jahr von Uabarfualla, und dannoch einen viel groassaran Wert» Noch evidenter unrichtig war in dar wirklichen Oekonomie die Behauptung, dBSS Uinp;o, die keine Arbeitsstunden enthalten, uaberhaupt keinen Wert haben« Eine Oelquelle, ein Kohlenfloez, ein Wald, an welche noch keines Menschen Hand Je eine Stunde Arbeit verwandte, haben nichtsda«»
Stoweniger einen Wert und Preis; oft einen sehr hohen«
%.T $ •
(
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Marx^ ••ArbeitÄ^heorie'» (-
>f volupw)-.
war ein gewohnt kunstvoller Bau von tadelloser Logik und Subtiliteet« Aber offankundig wer er auf dem Boden einer krassen Simplif ikation errichtet] aas einer Mannigfaltigkeit von Faktoren war nur ein einzi- ger in Betracht gezogen «••* para pro to^ Das Resultat widersprach den handgreiflichsten Tatsachen der Wirklichkeit.
Was also sollte der Juonger Liebknecht , oder irgend ein Leser, von dem allen halten? Sinige Wendungen, die Merx vorvmndte^ gestatteten zur Not die Deutunf^, dass er nicht Tats&chen der praktischen, realen Oekonomie zu analysieren beabsichtigt hatte, sondern dass er philAso«» rhierti^ habe ueber die abstra;ften, metaphysischen Quellen des ?;erts«
Selbst dann blieb die
Tihlifih n
trry nf Ynliitf befremdend« Philosophisch liess sich noch achterer als oekononisch begruenden, weshalb die Quelle a^en Werts nur gerade di^ lianuelle, nicht aber die intelloktuelle Arbeit sein soll«
/; AUUh
I I
f
(
365 l«8halb»ln all«r W«lt? Wo war die philosophlach« Rechtfertigung dafuer^, den v'ert einer Lokomotive nur auf die Stunden der Elaen-Arb elter zu- rueckzufufthren, nicht pber auf die Inspiration dos Erfinders James Watt und all die Ideen der spßetoren lJon8trui(teur8?
Wie den auch ael,ynicht Spelculatloivuohor die metaphysischen ür-
>- nicht Oaurlscin-
suchen des Wertes
% pt »< » »*i #♦♦ i »^1 1^5*
t i p M
kers von scholastischen üsduktlonen^aufgehaeuft aus chlmaerisch«n Ab# Btractlonen, im Va|^um praktischer Sinnlosigkeit gipfelnd-ftTiBtrerB-j
Oekonomik/ war erwartet wor*
a«n — praktische, reale Oekononlk. Erwartet worden war der Anfang «Ines Beweises, dass das herrschende oekonomlsche System zum Nieder- bruch verurteilt ist. Nichts davon fand sich in der "Kritik der poli- tischen Oekonoraie" — oder, «enauer, in den zwei ersten Kapiteln* Engels war nichtsdestoweniger entzueckt. Lassalle lobte wenigstens den auSÄ-eze lehne ten Stil, Liebknecht lief bedrueckt herum, A quoi bo|^?, fragte derl^Juenger. Die Welt im allgemeinen zeigte keine Regung,
^^''^'^ KtBTiua zeigte sie k«ln« Regung? Warum ereignete sich nichts?
Warum, warum erschienen keine Kritiken? Well die wissenechaftlichen Kritiker langsam sind? Weil zwei Kapitel zu wenig sind? Man wusr-te es besser. Es war Lassallel Lassalle hielt die Zeitungen Yon Kriti- ken ab, Itzlg, dor Lump, organisierte zusananen mit dem Verleger Dun- cker einen Rlnr des Schwelgen« um das Werk. Eine Verse hwoerungl Di#»8aal war es unbestx'tWwir eine^Verwc hwoerungl Marx« Persejfutlons-Wehn heulte auf in einem Brief, in dfin er Engels anflehte, "dem Lassalle* sehen Plan, mich zu killen, en^#gefrenzuwlrkoa**) • Er sandte dem Verleger
<
*) Kprl Marx: Brief an Engels v. 19, Juli 1859
c
1
i
366
bittre BeschuldiFungen wß.n des Vrreta, d^r «n ihm begangen vrerde.
F6rr «aa bedeutet denn des?, fragte Duncker. Das ist nichts, beruhig-
U Ihn L.S8.11., dos sind die kl.lnan Uehwa.ch.n 4« groas.n M.nn.s.
-M,rx iBt d.r Marat un.r.r Revolution. Bb wird k.ln V.rr.t zwlacn«
Hlmn-l und Erda «.ponn.n word.n, d.n .r nicht Im Tor.u. au«e.v,ltt.rt
haben wird. Dafuer wird er so manch.« Verrat auawlttern. den zu aplnn«!
niemandem
eingefallen sein wird.*)
Und die Wochen vergingen. Der Verleger wartete auf da» Manuskript fner das zweite Haft. Dl« Monate vergingen, es kam nichts von Marx,
Im Oktober lß59 frug Lassalie In Auftrag des Verlegers an. V^rx «estand. dass <ias Manuskript noch nicht fertig sei. Kr versprach es
fuer Ende Dezember.**)
Mehrfache Anfragen waehrend des JaHre« 1^60. Ja, Ja und Ja l Marx sagtet bald. Er sagte: dennaechst. Kr «ergerte sich. Kr begann
wiAetend zu werden*
Heua Mahnung Anfang 1861. Jetzt aber genug» Schluaa mit den ewi- gen ZuarlMRllchkelten wegen d«r oekonomlaohen Schel.se. Br hatte Kein Iweltea Heft. Kr hatte Icaln drlttee und viertes Kapitel. Diese Be- l,eati™n«n nusat.n aufhc.ran. Wie Iconnte er dies. Belaestlgunsen ele^nt losw,r,lent Kr schrieb an Laa.alle. dasa der Verleger I)u*>lcer IhB nicht nas... Wenn er sein zw.ltes Heft und die fol<,end.n nicht »,1 eine» wirlcUch grossen Hau,, wie Brockhaua In Leipzig, erschein«. Uesen kenne, dann «r nicht.«») Be. war elegant. Bas war Jetzt
erledigt«
y
Es war noch nicht erledigt. Einige Wochen spaeter B:e^te dieser 7.nz Itehring: Aus demlitararischenHachlass von Karl Marx. Triedr
ff>>r1 W.rT, 0^r<>n1k af4«es^I^^«ü|Ji-^^"^^^^^ ^g^^ ^^^ -^ "-^-'^'Ü^ l6.Haerz 1861
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La83^ |
lila |
nocJ |
elrm^l 5»f^lnt5 |
pl««pcn |
7i |
Lnrer |
in |
die |
Seche* |
lür j^Mthi^J |
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l^ |
da*!n |
ihm |
Piln |
Mol.^itörntrolcli |
i reluip< |
?5n |
sol. |
Kr |
hr^tte 3roo |
khaus u^boredatt |
Er flchrAeb» rt«if»H l^nr^ c?m8 2\wite Hnft an Brockhaua aonden Icocnns*'^) ünerhoprtl D^a w^^r Jö n^^bon e'celheftl Wollte flle^^r laestlßo, tn«tlo- s«, eitle Burach© rt^n'^ um keinen Preis on<111oh Ruhe ,^eben? Meirx mit- wortete nicht rehr*
N^ln, ^T hfitts k:^ln srreltef^ H<>ft. !5r hntto keia (drittes Kapitel» Ur h.^tte nicht (lie nevmlso. Der Teufel holn die oekonorlSs':jhe Gchoisse»
Es wnr fflebTiehn Jnhre, sf^ltdem er mit deln^i gicantlschen 3e-
hauptunp^an Tor die Oeffentlichkeit Retreten \wr^ --siebzehn Jahre,
disea
w-^jehrend welcher er ipt Hrunile nlehfefl n^tm hfittop olo) Beh^uytiingen
i^ wlec^erholÄf ^ wiederholifi^^ *u »iiliHlMi'helg n^ F.e w?:r sörtf^iehn Jehre, eelt^^en er ?lch nle<lerrcT^etzt hatte, un zu (^en fertipen EehQuptunf:en öie fehlenden Beweise zu finden und zu liefern — elf Jalire, soitcTwa er sich zum zweiten Wal desu nloderpesetzt hatte ~ drei Jahra^ seit- deüi er uober d^e Buch mit flen Bevelren zuia zveitf^n Mal einen Vertrag geschlossen hatte* Br hntte zwei Kapitel zustandegebracht* üftd öiö '
uphiu| DJe ••Kritik der politischen OokonOTnJe*» ging; unter.
>
(7
riaii^ /• /**^" '^"^ '
IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3)
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2.0 1.8 1.6 |
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