LIBER ALBUS:

THE WHITE BOOK.

LONDON *.

RUCD AND PARDON, PRINTERS, PATKRXOSTER ROW.

J 3 E

THE WHITE BOOK

dtp of 3Untion.

COMPILED A.D. 1419, BT

• in I IN CARPENTER, Common ( RICHARD WHITINGTON,

slatelj from tfjf (Dviginal latin anti 3lnfllo^onnan,

HENRY THOMAS RILEY, M.

B;

'IE INKER TEMPLE, BAKRtSTER-AT-LAW.

RICHARD GRIFFIN AND COMPANY,

fOURT.

INTRODUCTION'.

1 1 is a fact, not the loss true because not universally known (in the anti- quarian world even), that there is no city in existence in possession of a collection of s so ancient and so complete as that belonging to the

of London, preserved in the Record-Room at Guildhall. For nearly six centuries, in the sequence of Letter-Books, Journals, and Repertories, its officials have kept an unbroken record of all transactions and events, social, political, ecclesiastical, legal, military, naval, local, and municipal, in which, closely or remotely, the City in its corporate character has been rested. Throughout the chances and changes of this long and eventful course of time, its wars, its revolutions, its rebellions, its insurrections,

ines, its pestilences, and its conflagrations, to the lasting honour of the Corpora* valuable memorials of far distant ages have been pre-

served, comparatively unscathed ; in companionship too with other records, in some instances probably of still earl: and with thousands of

deeds, wills, enrolments, and other documents, which have been accu- mulating upon tin? shelves of its muniment-room for little short of 81 hundred yea

From these archives, as they existed in the year of Our Lord 1419, combined probably with other sources of information now lost or unknown, . or ' White Book/ is a compilation, — or ' Repertory/ as the Compiler in his l>ricf Procemium seems inclined to call it; — pre- pared ( < perhaps, brought to a conclusion) in the last Mayoralty of hard Whitington, for tin- i"n and guidance of those to whom, bef< > should have gained the experience of old age, the governance of the City, or the management of its affairs and interests, might ui

i Distances of < <-y be entrusted.

Upon the varir.l character of its contents there is perhaps hardly any necessity here to enlarge ; the more especially, as the nature of them may

VI INTRODUCTION.

be seen almost at a glance from the voluminous Tables of Contents by which each Book (the Second excepted), or Part of a Book, is accompanied. It may suffice to say that, commencing with the usages of the City in its corporate capacity so early as the time of the Norman Conquest, they i of the formalities that during the succeeding three centuries and more had been employed in electing the Mayor, Aldermen, Sheriffs, and otlu-r ci\ i< dignitaries; the rights and duties of the City in reference to the King's Justiciars when sitting in Eyre at the Tower ; the various Charters granted to the citizens from the time of the Conqueror to the reign of Henry the Fifth ; the due Enrolment of Deeds and Recognizances ; the Court of Hustings and the Sheriffs' Court, and their respective duties and jurisdic- tions ; the modes of acquiring the freedom ; and numerous other matters more or less connected with the legal requirements and enactments of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.

The latter, and indeed by far the larger, portion of the work — from page 196 of the present Volume — is extensively devoted to details which must of necessity interest those who care to know something more a]bout their fore- fathers than the mere fact that they have existed; many of them — until recently consigned to oblivion ever since the passing away of the remote generations to which they belonged — intimately connected with the social condition, usages, and manners, of the people who, uncouth, unlearned, ill- housed, ill-fed, and comfortless though they were, still formed England's most important, most wealthy, and most influential community throughout the chequered and troublous times of the thirteenth and fourteenth cen- turies. During this period, in fact, there is hardly a phase or feature of English national life, upon which, in a greater or less degree, from these pages of the Liber Albus some light is not reflected.

The Fourth Book, the reader will have no difficulty in discovering, is of a totally different nature from the rest of the work. It had been the Compiler's original intention, he informs us (page 452 of the present Volume), to transcribe numerous other noteworthy memoranda tliat lay dispersed in the City archives, and from them to form this Book. This intention, however, from want alike of time and space, he had found himself compelled to abandon, and has therefore contented himself with making an abstract, by way of Calendar, to certain Books and Rolls t existing among the City archives, and substituting it in place of his

IXTRODUCTK Til

Fourth Book, oa originally contemplated. "What these Books nro, and what their n-spcL-tivc dates, the reader will find stated in page 644 of this Volume.

For the convenience of those who may have occasion to consult the original work, marginal references to its corresponding folios are givi-n throughout in the present Volume. In these references, as the attci observer will not fail to remark, the numbers do not always follow in regular sequence, those of many folios being from time to time omi ilf would consequently conclude, in all probability, either that the original is now in an imperfect state, or that the present Translation extends to a portion of it only. Neither of such alternatives however is the case, and these interruptions in the numeration of the folios arise, partly from the fact that in the preparation of the original work some of the leaves were left in blank, and partly from the circumstance that when it was rebounds (in the latter part probably of the sixteenth century,) a new numeration was adopted, and many additional leaves inserted ; some of which also are till in blank, while others contain matter of comparatively recent date — so late indeed a» the time of James I., — and bearing no reference to the original compilation. In the marginal numeration, as given in the present Volume, the numbers of these intervening folios are consequently omitted.

The Latin verses which appear at the commencement of the work — the

meaning, though not the merit, of which the Translator has attempted to

convey in the accompanying lines — are written upon the fly-leaf of the

original volume, in a hand apparently of the earlier half of the sixteenth

i st line being an almost verbatim adaptation from Book II.

of Ovid's M . 1. Vil, I!M; 'Transformation of the Raven,' and

the whole of them, little, if at all, short of the standard of Ovidian

elegance. So high in estimation even tlu n had the book become, and so

assiduously had it been consulted by the civic authorities, of high and low

degree, to the tarnishing of its once fair parchment and the defacing of

illuminations, that the writer, a man in authority no doubt,

himself justified in ttnu inserting a graceful remind r that the M

Book ' had become the converse of white,' and that it would be as well

to have a transcript made of its contents before it should be thumbed and

greased to annihilation. It was in consequence of this hint, not impro-

vni

bably — by whom conveyed, tradition does not tell us — that a transcript, or duplicate copy, of the work was made, under the supervision of Robert Smith, Comptroller of the Chamber, A.D. 1582. To this transcript, in the moments of its pristine freshness, and amid the bloom perhaps of Mr. Robert Smith's popularity — who was very handsomely rewarded by the Court of Aldermen with a fee of thirty pounds — the name of 1. AlbitSy or ' White Book,' was transferred from the old volume ; and to this day the Liber Albua of John Carpenter is distinguished by the officials at Guildhall from its more modern and less sullied antitype as the L Niger, or ' Black Book.' In this copy, however, executed as it evidently was by scribes who knew little about Anglo-Norman, the errors of the original have been more than doubled in amount, and in no instance has a single omission in it been rectified, or difficulty noticed or elucidated.

Of tfohn Carpenter, Common Clerk, or Town Clerk, of the City of London, under whose auspices the Liber Albus was compiled, but few particulars are known; and of those few the majority have been but recently brought to light by the industrious research of Mr. Thomas Brewer ; to the pages of whose ably- written Memoir of the Life and Tu/n s of John Carpenter (London, 1856), after borrowing therefrom the following facts, those who desire further information upon the subject must of necessity be referred.

Carpenter was born probably about the close of the reign of Edward III., was brought up to the legal profession, and, after serving the City in an inferior capacity, in April 1417 was elected to the office of Common Clerk. His title of ' Secretary ' to the City seems to have been peculiar to himself, and borne by no other civic dignitary either before his time or since. To his high credit, as being at once a man of integrity and distinguished for his ability and business habits, he was nominated one of the four executors of the will of Richard Whitington, the well-known hero of popular, but fabulous, narrative ; and the original Ordinances of Whitington's Alms- houses, still in the possession of the Mercers' Company, Mr. Brewer says, there is reason to believe were drawn up by his hand. In 1436 Carpenter was elected one of the representatives of the City in Parliament ; about t \\o years later he resigned the office of Common Clerk ; and he was re-elected

1 Or * Jenken,' as Stow (Survey) calls him, that appellation being formerly the popular diminutive of ' John.' +

•irrnoN. IX

Parliament in 1439. Subsequently t«» 1 ill, his biographer has failed to discover any mention of him. By his testament, as to personalty, dated 8th March 1441, he directed that his body should be buried in the church of St. Peter, (.'urnhill ; and by his will, as to realty, which unfortunat is n< : tain lands and tenements to the City of London, for

edueational purposes; upon the basis of which devise, at the distance of iv lour centuries from his death, was founded that now flourishing and orious institution, the City of London School.

Th>' Liber Albus, as already remarked, is a compilation only from other sources; and whatever abilities Carpenter may have possessed, there would be no great field for the display of them in such a work as this. The clerks of his office probably were his amanuenses, and under his general direction and guidai y would do the work of selection from the

various sources at his command : consequently, out of the half dozen or more evident varieties of luind writing which are perceptible in its pages it i^ impossible to say, with anything approaching to certainty, which, if any, is his. If however any part of the volume really is in Carpenter's hand- writing, it will probably be the Second Book : it is all written in one hand, certainly not that of a professional ' text -writer/ as it was called, and the peculiar nature of the subject would require more skill, in abstracting and condensing, than any other part of the work.

In reference to John Carpenter, it will not perhaps be irrelevant here to call attention to a fact of some interest that has not, it is believed, been hitherto remarked. In Letter-Book K, preserved in the Record- Room at (iuildhall, folios 103, -4, there is a lengthened and curious description inserted of the entry of Henry VI. into London in February 1432, ;

ion at Paris ; of Carpenter's own composition, beyond a doubt.

It is in the form of a Le tinly in no very choice or excellent Latin,

to * a reverend friend and fellow-citizen/ the writer taking care at the

ion, under a sort of descriptive rebus, to disclose his name in

combination with his office, — 'Per Fabrum, eive Domificem, vestrum,

' Johannem, ejusdem urbis Secretarium indignissimum ; ' — ' By yours, John

' Woodwright, or Housemaker, most unworthy Secretary of the same city' —

the houses of this period, it must be borne in mind, being mostly of wood,

1 affording far more room in their construction for the labours of the

woodwright, or carpenter, than of the mason or bricklayer.

X INTRODUCTl

In reference to the present Translation there is little that necda to be said, seeing that it will have to speak for itself, and that it will bo in the power of every reader to compare it with the original work at Guildhall, or as recently edited by the present Translator, in the Government Series of 4 Mediaeval Chronicles and Memorials ' under the direction of the Master of the Bolls. Throughout, it has been made as literal as, consistently with the possibility of its being understood by the non-legal or non-antiquarian reader, it could be made. To preserve however the savour of antiquity that seems only natural to a work compiled so long as from four to five centuries ago, all names, whether of persons or localities, have been invariably allowed to retain the old English forms (however varying in point of orthography) under which they appear in the original ; the necessary information being appended in a Note, where there seemed any chance of their not being immediately identified. The same plan has been adopted also in all other instances where the reader would be likely to experience any difficulty from the want of previous acquaintance with the subject ; while at the same time, with the view of avoiding a too frequent repetition of the same items of information, the various points that from time to time have been subjected to explanation are brought to notice in the Index. A few errors in the text of the original have been corrected or explained, and several important omissions have been rectified (as in pages 228, 283, 244, 310, 331, 346, 347, etc.) from the Liber Cmtumarum, a compilation of the time of Edward II., also preserved at Guildhall : in all instances too in which the date to which the subject-matter belongs could with any degree of accuracy be ascertained, it has been added at the head of the page. Additional matter that has been introduced for the purpose of supplying omissions, or as necessary to complete the sense, is invariably distinguished from the text by being inserted between crotchets.

In conclusion, the Translator begs to express his obligations to his friend Mr. Charles Reed, F.S.A., for the care and labour which he has unsparingly bestowed upon this Volume generally, and in arranging the references for its numerous Tables of Contents, while it was passing through the press.

IF. T. R.

CONTENTS.

INTRODUCTION. v

CONTENTS ........ xi

BOOK i., PART i. ...3

BOOK i., PART ii. ... ... .45

BOOKII. ... 114

BOOK in., PART i 154

BOOK IIL, PART n L> 1 8

BOOK in., PART in

BOOK in., PART iv 390

452

DATES OF THE COMPILATIONS REFERRED TO IN BOOK iv. ... C44

MAYORS OF LONDON FROM A.D. 1189 TO A.D. 1419 645

x ... . . G48

of Subscribers to fljc translation of Vi

The Corporation of the City of London : — Copies for <

Member of the Court and the Officers.

Abby, John, Esq., 48, Myddleton-square .... Aiteliison, G., Esq., Muscovy Court, Trinity-square A 11 in, Thomas, Esq., 26, Onslow-square, Brompton Aivh.-r, Thomas C., Esq., 17, Great Winchester-street. Argyll, His Grace the Duke of, Areyll Lodge, Kensington . Aston, George, Esq., 19, Holland-place, Clapham-road Aubyn, James P., ESQ., 35, John-street, W.C. . Austen, Rev. J. T., West Wickham Rectory, Bromley, Kent Avison, T., Esq., F.S.A., Fuhvood Park, near Liverpool

Bache, R. C., Esq., 153, Femhunh-street .

Barker, Thomas, Esq., Cambridge House, Hampton Wick .

Barnes, H. E., Esq., Mercers'-hall

Barnes, J. S., Esq., The Casina, Colchester .

«>w, Francis, Esq., 1, Pump-court, Temple . Basho, W. M., Esq., 2, America-square ....

, Thomas, Esq., 2, Elm-court, Temple . Win., Esq., Secretary, Mechanics' Institir ^ \\indon 1

N"., Esq., 4. FurnivaFs-inn

Bennoch, F., Esq., 77, Wood-street

Best, — Esq., Secretary, Gresham Club ....

Biden, John, Esq., 37, Cheap-ide

Bishop, G. A. C., Esq., 3, IJemutt Vhill .... Blackwood, Messrs, and Sons, Edinburgh .... Bkekwood, William Madox, Esq., AViml<..r Blades, Wifflam, Esq.. 11. Al.rlnmh-lano . Blakesley, I'M -iijainin, Escj., 17, Old Change Blast r \V. 1 l>,|. Literary Institute, Derby . Brandon, J., Esq., Lord Mayor's Court Office

Thomas, Esq., City of Lon<l<m School . 1 inor.

r, John, Esq., 41, Wood-pi a. « .... \vn, John, Esq., Scalcby-lodge. < 'am. Ion-road Brown, Jnhu Whitley, Esq., 30, Shoreditoh, K. 1

-Messrs. Kent and Co. . ...

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MSI 01 SUBSCRIBERS TO TRANSLATION <>r MHF.lt AT

c. : l

Burncy, Rev. Charl DJX, Archd --T,

Wickham Uish.. Witham, Essex

Burr, William, Ms.}., Mayor of Slnv\v>lniry Bin-stall, E., Esq., 41, Trinity-square ..... Burt, H. M.. -ad .....

liuttorworth, Joshua W., Esq., F.S.A., 7, Fleet-street . Buxton, Charles, Esq., M.P., 7, Grosvenor-crescent

Carter, The Right Hon. John, Lord Mayor of London Campbell, Rev. Duncan, Pentridge, Cranbourne, Salislmry . Caiman, W., Esq., Epsom . ....

Carter, Robert, Esq., The Grove, Epsom .... Carver, Rev. Jas., M.A., 31, Douglas-road, Canonbury,

Islington, N. ........

Cary-Elwes, V. D. H., Esq., Petersham - terrace, Queen's-

gate, Hyde-park .

Causton, J., Esq., 47, Eastcheap ......

Chambers, David, Esq., 47, Paternoster-row Chambers, Thomas, Esq., Common Serjeant, Temple . Chapman, William, Esq., Richmond, Surrey Chappell, William, Esq., 201, Regent-street Chester, Henry, Esq., 15, The Terrace, Camberwell Chidley, J. R., Esq., 10, Basinghall-street ....

Christie, James R., Esq., 4, Queen's-terrace, Woolwich Clint, Rev. R., Lampley, Pembrokeshire ....

Collins, W. W., Esq., 15, Buckingham-street, Strand

Collyer, Joseph, Esq., 10, Albert-road, Dalston

Compton, Joseph, Esq., 8, Chichester-terrace, Brighten

Corner, Charles Calvert, Esq., 19, Tooley-street .

Corner, G. R., Esq., F.S.A., 19, Tooley-street .

Cornthwaite, Rev. T., Forest, Walthamstow

Cory, Charles, Esq., Town Clerk, Great Yarmouth

Coutts, Miss, 1, Stratton-street, Piccadilly . . 1 vellum

Grace, John G., Esq., Wigmore-street ....

Cubitt, Mr. Alderman, M.P., 21, Abchurch-lane .

Cull, Richard, Esq., F.S.A., 13, Tavistock-st., Bedford-sq. .

Davenport, John M., Esq., F.S.A., Oxford ....

Davidson, Robert, Esq., 7, Queen's-terrace, Glasgow . Davies, Robert, Esq., F.S.A., The Mount, York . Dearden, James, Esq., F.S.A., Rochdale Manor, Lancashire . Devonshire, His Grace the Duke of, Devonshire House De Wilde, G. J., Esq., jl/r/r ///•// < >ffice, Northampton . Digby, K. H., Esq., Dover. . ....

Dixon, Thomas, Esq., 7, St. James's-place, N.AY. Dodd, Grantham, Jun., Esq., 26, New Broad-street Druce, Alexander Devas, Esq., 10, Billiter-squan

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-'•RIDERS TO TRAV ';!' LIUKH ALHI'S.

Copiea.

., Th. Ili-hr Hon. th«- Karl ..f, :><>. rrinee's-irate, W. , DufHeld, Kcv. Kieh.. IJ.l)., Frati:. TV, near ( 'olehester

Duke, Sir Jain • <, Hurt., M.P.. ! land-place

. The Right Hon. tin- Karl <>i r House,

• James's ........

\rthur, T' . ...

v. "Win. John, l»enenden \ .plehurst, Kent

Fit, Q II.. K-i" 1- N !on, N.

nasse, James, K<.j.. Doxlty I, ddstone

'irt, T. Sotheron, M-;j., M.I'.. 01, Katon-placo US, J., i: King \Villiam-street .

Ewing, William, Esq., Glasgow ......

Falmouth, The Kight Hon. the Lord, 2, St. James's-square . Faudel, Henry, Fsq., 38, 40, Newgate-street Field, I! . Eeq., Red Lion Wharf .

Fi, Id. Walt- r, I-,,., M.A., F.S.A., 7, Whitehall, S.W. Fillinham, John, Fsq., S, Hanover-street, Newington . F inlay, John, Fsq., 29, Fenchurch-street .... FMier, Joli? Iveiidal ... . .

lor the Merchant Taylors' Company . Cheltenham-place, Lambeth

Flintham. M. 15.. 'irarian, Lincoln Library

Flov ; Park-villas, Croydon .

Fortnum, C. D., E>.|.. F.S.A., Stanniore-hill, Middlesex, N.T Francis, C., Esq., 77, F< cleston-square l-'ram-ix, Frederir' \\'arlfy-|>lace, near Brentwood

', F-.j., -M, Crutched l-'riars

\\'., Ksij., Mynthurst, near Reigate . ' harles J., F-<|.. ( 'r..mw. 11-road, Princc's-i: S Plashet, East Ham ... .

^q., 4, John-street, Crutehed Friars .

Church-i-nd House, Little Hadliam, Ware -I! H.. Esq., 21, Upper Hanv .. St. John's \

83, Gower-s ...

IT. W. (i., Snuih Keii>5n-j . Ci-om \vell-rd.

Thomas D. E., Esq., Upper-street. I-!- (liirncy, Hud>on, FSIJ., M I1 es's-sq., AVestminster.

>[iss, 26, Clapham-s(|

. George, Ju:. I'ountain-street, Man. i

rani, \V. D.. - ilaa,"

I'kq., 38, Moorgii* Mr. Aid Hall, Tli i '

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IT>L OF SUBSCRIBERS TO TRANSLATION OF LIBKB. ALWs.

Harden, Charles, 1-N.j., 11, < >n-lm\ .:. Brompton

Harland, J., Esq., F.S.A., 7, Itepton-M.. l>rook-M., Maud.

ria, Samuel, Esq., Adcroft- Trowbridge

Harvey, D. AN .. Esq., Old Jewry .....

Hawkins Walter. ! -•:.. F.S.A., 5, Leonard-pi., Keiisin<.:

Heal, J. Harris, Esq., 196, Totteiiham-court-road

Heales. All'iv.l. Ksq., 8, Great Carter-lane, Doctors' Commons

Heath, John Benjamin, Esq., 66, Russell- square .

Heceley, Joseph, Esq., The Kaswell, Hascomb

Hewitt, Thomas, Esq., Summerhill House, Cork .

Hobbs, William, Esq., Reading ......

Holder, William Lloyd, Esq., 12, Pavement, City Hooper, Bartlett, Esq., 43, King William-street, City . Hooper, "W. Edw. P., Esq., Admiralty, Somerset House, W.C. Hopkyns, D.D., F.S.A., Weycliffe, St. Catherine's, m

Guildford

Horton, Isaac, Esq., 16, Clapham-rise .... Humbert, L. M., Esq., Master of St. Cross, Winchester Humphreys, W. C., Esq., Giltspur-chambers, 119, Newgate-st. Hunt, Robert, Esq., F.R.S., Jermyn-street .... Hutchinson and Bostock, 12, Tokenhouse-yard . 2 vellum

Ironmongers' Company, The Worshipful, Ironmongers' Hall, Fenchurch-street .......

Islington Literary and Scientific Society, Wellington-street.

Jay, J. Livingstone, Esq., Royal Hospital, Greenwich . Jeffery, John, Esq., St. Giles'-street, Northampton Jenkins, Rev. R. C., Lyminge Rectory, Hythe, Kent . Jepson, E., Esq., St. John's-wood ..... Jones, J. Winter, Esq., British Museum ....

Kenrick, Miss Elizabeth, Stone House, Canterbuiy Kerney, J. C. Fitzgerald, Esq., J.P., M.R.I.A., 'Kilclogher, Monixa, Galway . .....

Kerr, R. Malcolm, Esq., LL.D., 3, Dr. Johnson's-bdgs., Temple 1 Kershaw, W. W., Esq., Kingston-on-Thames

Kill, WilHam, Esq., Gateshead

King, Henry William, Esq., Tredegar-square, Bow-road King, Thomas Simmonds, Esq., 108, Hiirh-stivi't, Rochester. Knatchbull, Sir Norton, Bart., F.S.A., Mersham Hatch, Ashford 1

Lawrence, Mr. Alderman, London

Laing, Rev. D., M.A., St. Olave Rectory, s, Hait->tivet Laing, Robert, Esq., Independent Gasworks, H;ILJ Lawrance, Edward E., Esq., St. James's, Ipswich Ixiyley, Campbell Rob., lv -j ., Vnrk House, York Town, Surrey 1

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OF SUB-

•h, Hia; ik Brown's "WTiarf, Tooley-street

. \V., !•-.. old Cliai. . . . . * .

;., Thorp Hall, r,,lchr>t.T . Iward !•': EM., P.L.s.. 2, \Valbrook .

Lindsay, Ilalph, K-*<|., M.A.. F.>.A.. P>i;:Lrin Lodp-. Norwood Locke, John, Ks<|., M.I'., -j. I Iarcourt-lmildiii<j;s, Temple

ill.- Kurd BMi((],

Long, Jeremiah, Esq., I'liion-Mi, •. Hack London

_d« n, George Ro^ r. K^I.. I. !'»< niu-tt's-iiill . . Thomas. KS,J., I-'.S.A., 1-'., P>»v. -Ian.-. ( 'In -ap-ide . Lusk, Aiidn \\, ! Fenchui t .

. Sir <;., Dart., Ivl.-nhall. IVnrith

Mackcriu-ss, Thomaa, Bn., !. !'»' — Imnm^h-st., Bel^ Mackinlay. havid. M-«j., r<>ll<»kxhicls, Glasgow . Macloan/.Iohn, I-'>«j., F.S.A.. V^ar Office, Pall-mall, S.\V. . Wanehc-' Liln-ary, Campfield, Manche-

Master-man, \V. S., Esq., 15, Clifford's Inn . M( -I ). Mi-all, Mr. M.. < ; \ of London Schools Mea< : II.. Bflq.,32, 1 Mir rave-square

Mi-sham, H«-v. A. li., Wootton, < 'aiitcrhury . Mill.-r, Mi., Dorset Wharf, Millbank-

>ii Hall, near Burton-on- Qt. . . .......

Hun, Maj'.r. Thro \\ley House, Faversham ....

Mylm. K. \\ ., Ksq., F.S.A., 1 1\ de-park-gate South .

1 r. I Yancis, Chamberlain's Office, Guildhall . •il. .lolui, Esq., Guildliall Chambers, Portsmoui

i -«{.. ( Jlasffow ......

Ids, John, Esq., Weliedey Cottage, Guildford

Newcastli- I.' :i'l Philosophical Sorirty

Norman. II., .....

Nirholl, .Inhn. Pxj., I'.S.A., ( 'aiionbury-placo

42, Mark-lane . . .

v, Chris., Esq., 60, Doughty

Oldh -I. Laiir. M.A.. 1<>. .\, \\ l)uiIiiiLrton-

. Qeorge^ Baq.t P.lackluatli-hill .

IMiillips Mr. Aldi rman ami Sh, ritf 1'ainr. Tan. line, I 'urnham, Surrey

ie, Cornelius, , I un., Ksq., 21, Pali mouth

Edward II., Esq.. M. Kin^'- ard

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« harl. a Canon, < Ik-ham, \\ ilts

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iry >i.

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• ThoM linos M» InMrUd In the fly loaf of tho "Liber Albtw," in a band probably of the earlier half of the sixteenth century.

J. Carpenter.

LIBER ALBUS;

THE WHITE 1500K.

I 'oi \^MI < H a> tin- fallibility of human memory and the -hortness <>f life do not ullow us to gain an n :y thing

that (1. >t r\es remembrance, even though the same may have been commi to writing, — mm illy, if it has been so committed without order or

mcnt, — and still more so, when no such written account exists; seeing too that when, as not un frequently happens, all the a^cd, most experienced, and most di-nvet rulers of the royal City of London have been carried off at the same instant, as it were, by pestilence, younger persons who ha\ : IK-HI in the government of the City, have on various

occasions been often at a loss from the very want of such written informa- tion; the result of which has repeatedly been di-.put.-N and perplexity amonur them as to the decisions \\hieh they should give: — it has been

1 HBOOTHJj as well by the superior authorities of the said « as by those of subordinate rank, that a volume — from the fart of its con- taining the regulations of the < 'ity, it mi^lit he designated a 'Repertory* — ild he compiled from the more noteworthy memoranda that lie scattered without order or da- : throughout the books [and] rolls, as well as

tin- Charters of the said city. And tora>much as such design — for some cause unknown, unless indeed it be the extreme laboriousness of the undertaking, — has not 1>< i'o carried a volume of this nature, l.y

;t length compiled, in the Mayoralty of that

illustriou- in id \Vhity n^t on, Mayor of the said city; that is to say,

in the mouth o! \ . in the ^nation one

«

1 Thin bean peferenci-, M m-i.tl. ition was

4 PROOMIIM. (B.I.

thousand four hundred jnul nineteen, being the seventh year of the reign of King Henry, the Fifth of that name since the CompieM; containing therein not only those laudahle ohservanees whieh, though not written, have In-en usually followed and approved in the said city, to the end that they may not be lost in oblivion hereafter, but also those noteworthy memoranda which have been committed to writing, but lie scattered in disorder in manner before-mentioned ; that so, by their being ascertained, the superior authorities of the said city, as well as those of subordi: rank, may know henceforth with greater accuracy what in rare and unusual emergencies should be done, Jetc.

And to the end that any matter sought by readers in this book may be the more easily found, the present volume will be divided into Four B< and each Book, by its own Heads and Chapters, into certain Parts ; as by the several Tables and Calendars set forth by way of Title before the beginning of each of the aforesaid Books, will more manifestly appear, etc. And in the first place, the Calendar or Table of Chapters of the First Book, which is divided into Two Parts, is set forth as follows. —

The foregoing is the Pnxcmium, in which are contained the reasons why this book was compiled, etc.

It sets forth the division [also! of the whole work into Books,

Fol. i. B.

of the Books into Parts, of the Parts into Chapters and Heads, etc.

[CONTENTS OF PART THE FIRST OF THE FIRST BOOK.]

1. Of the three principal offices of London; that is to say, the offices of Mayor, Alderman, and Sheriff . . . . . . . [H]«

2. How that he who is now called ' Mayor/ was formerly (ailed ' Port greve/ and afterwards ' Justiciar' .....

When the name * Mayor* began to be used in London, etc. .

How that in former times the same person was both Mayor and Cham- berlain, etc. .......... [!'>]•

How that the Mayor sometimes supplied the place of < . under

the name of Chamberlain ........

'Tliis abbreviation, it will be oLs«T\..l. i« j.« .U< -lly ..runs; Imt in tances

\vith»,ut any aj>i>annt utility <»r

! HOOK. •"»

AI-», how that four Ald<-rm -n, by virtu.- of th<> royal 1 once

absence of J T of

tlu- < [14].

•"'• ^ :.y and wh D • \V ; in plieo of the

"M <; [15].

M"\v tang ,i \V.ird--!i was continual in London, etc. . . [15].

that the Common Seal was formerly in tho custody of the Mayor,

*..... Why no Warden will in future be appointed in London, etc. . [17].

I. I Tow precautions are t tumults arising at tl. >ns of

the Mayors and Sheriffs, etc [17].

Ho\v that the Mayor was anciently cl<rted upon tho Feast of the Apostles

>n and Judo, and on the morrow was presented to tho Barons at

\V :, and admitted [18],

V II that tho coi: uierly claimed the sole right of nomi-

Ing the Mayor, etc [18].

That, upon the election of a Mayor, two persons are to be nominated by

and most sufficient, who are Aldermen and have l)oon Sheriffs ; of whom one is to be chosen, by scrutiny of the Alder-

[18].

1 when tho scrutiny is to be ir, ... [19],

that tli remain in office beyond one year, \\

•.villiiinr at tho riMjin-t d' tho citi/eiiN so to do, etc. . [19].

that tl - in ancient times spent but little, etc. . [19].

•he commendation of the outgoing Mayor, before h.-

[20].

he customary manner of, and observances at, the of a new . . [20].

latioii of the j,a-t Mayor [21].

< M the change of seats by the old Mayor and the D [21].

Of the manmr in which the Mayor is wont to i bis

i at Guildhall, upon the clay <>1 the Apostles Simon and Ju

. . . . [21].

\\ ' : the nature of tin . [21].

The sword U be old M

CONTENTS OT THK FTUST ROOK. [B. t.

The reason why the past Mayor, upon any urpviit MRMJB, -hull the duties of such office throughout the whole of the said clay, etc.

7. Of the manner of proceeding upon the morrow of the 'Apostlt -s Simon and Jude, when the oath is administered to the Mayor at the Kxrhrqurr, L-U- ............. [22].

How that the past Mayor shall make oath to render a faithful account in the Exchequer, for his office as ^scheator, etc ..... [22] .

Of appointing attorneys for the City there and in all the royal placet and Courts, eto .......... [23].

Of the manner of passing the whole day after noon, etc. . . [23],

Of presenting the Mayor at the Tower, if the Court of Exchequer be not sitting, etc ........... [24].

8. Of certain other observances and usages in London at the divers Feasts under-written ; that is to say, going —

At the Feast of All Saints . . . . ^ from the church of

„ of the Nativity of Our Lord . f Saint 2 Thomas de

„ of Saint Stephen . . . f Aeon to Saint Paul's

„ of Saint John the Evangelist . 3 etc. . . [25] .

At the Feast of the Holy Innocents, to >v

TT /to the church of

> espers . . . . . . I ,

A , ,, ., , . ,, > Saint ThomasdeAc.ii

And on the morrow, that is to say, at the C

Feast of Saint Thomas . . .)

At the Feasts of the Circumcision, the Epiphany of our Lord, and the Purification of the Blessed Mary, from the church of Saint Thomas to Saint Paul's, as above, etc ........ [25].

In Easter week, that is to say, upon Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, to the Hospital of the Blessed Mary without Bysshoppesgate . [25] .

On Monday in the week of 8Pentecost, from Saint Peter's Cornhillr to Saint Paul's ......... [26].

On Tuesday, from the Priory of Saint Bartholomew to Saint Paul's [26] .

On Wednesday, from Saint Thomas de Acres to Saint Paul's . [27] .

1 The receiver of certain reversions and for- called 'Thomas of Aeon,' in consc<

feitures becoming due to the crown. the l»» li« f that Aeon, or Aero, in Syria, was

1 This church was situate on the north of captured by the Christini II.)

Cheapeide, upon the ground now occupied l»y by his mi; .ti-.n.

Mercers' HalL St Thomas & Becket was a Or WliitMii.ti.l-.

pt.M -i i HI pnsi HOOK.

Of the two nohl' !y to tl. lectors of the

ion ......... [07] .

( 'i the ttMi shilling;- > the same by tlic Archdeacon of

Middle . .... . [27].

< n' the six shillings and ei^ht pence given yearly to the same by the ideacon of Essex ........ [27].

(|. The penalty inflicted on a person elected Mayor absent himself 'at the Feasts of the Translation of Saint Edward and of

Saint Simon and Saint Jude. • ...... [27].

The penalty inflicted on Aldermen who absent themselves, etc. [-*]•

The penalty inflicted on a person elected Sheriff absenting himself,

........... [28].

How and in what manner punishment has been inflicted upon a person

•r absenting himself, etc. ..... [28].

10. The etymology of the nuim ' Alderman' . . . [29].

Also, what is to be reckoned as old ago in an Alderman . . [29].

I I..\v that he who is now called ' A Merman,' was formerly called ' Judge '

; id afterwards ' I! a ion ' ..... [-•']•

I Io\\ and why those who arc now called 'Judges' were formerly called .......... [29].

Of the ancient and honourable rites observed at the sepulture «>f Aid. r-

lllrll ........... [29]-

By wliat virtues and condition of life an Alderman should be distinguished

and i-i •( -omniended, before he is accepted as such . . . '-•*]•

(Obscrve here, iii esp< •< -ial, tliat the condition of serfdom may not be

:trd in an Ald.-nnan or in any other eiti/en.) . . . [JJO].

that tlu Aldi rnian has his title from the name of the Ward which hr j»n->id< > . ....... [30],

And in it.nmT tinn-s the \Vard had its title from the name t>: Ald< ; .......... [30].

How that Aldrrnirn are imt t«> IK- put upon Inquests . . [31].

upon what occasions and for what reason Aldermen have

]p«»n an In quett . ...... [31].

. that Aldermen shall not part with their robes, of the li and suit nf tin- Mayor and Aldermen, within the first year . [31].

8 CONI!\i- OF THE FIRST BOOK. fB. t .

How that Aldermen were wont to pay nothing for the enrolment of charters or deeds pertaining to themselves, etc. .... [32].

Of the punishment inflicted, by way of chastisement, upon those who insult, slander, and traduce the Aldermen, etc. .

How that in former times the Aldermen were not removable, except by death or for some enormous offence ..... ['^].

How that afterwards the Aldermen were removed yearly md

others elected anew, etc. [32].

How that now the Aldermen are not removable, unless there be reason- able cause for the same [32].

11. What a Wardmote is, etc [32].

How that what we now call ' Wardmotes ' the Romans formerly called 1 PleliscUa,' and the Saxons ' Folkcsmote ' . [32].

How that in former days they held Wardmotes several times in tlio yi-ar. Also, the manner of holding a "Wardmote, etc. .... [33].

How that the Alderman shall present before the Mayor, at his General Court, the Inquest of his Wardmote ...... [33].

What is afterwards to be done as to and upon the Inquest aforesaid, and the manner thereof [33].

That the Alderman shall punish the officers under him of his Ward, who are remiss and negligent [34].

12. Of the manner of electing an Alderman, within lii days . . [35].

That it is the duty of the Mayor and Aldermen to proceed to such election at the end of the said fifteen days .... [35]. The penalty for refusing the charge and office of an Alderman [35]. The oath of an Alderman upon his election and admission . [35]. Also, that it is the duty of the Mayor and Aldermen to proceed t< > election, in case the person presented be not admitted, for certain reasons, as set forth [:#].

13. The manner of holding a Common Council . . . [30].

The penalty inflicted on those present without summons . [30] .

How a matter in question and dispute shall be discussed and c-xamim-d, as to which the persons in Common Council assembled cannot readily agree . ... .

pti.j i mi ran HOOK. 9

I>< -unity intli. -t.-.l upm those summoned who do not appear The oath of the men «.!' the Common Council . . [3^]-

The manner of holding a Common Council in aneient times, and what came thereof .......... ['**]•

Approval of tin in 'hod ...... [37].

14. Of the Sheriffs of London [37] .

How that the Sheriffs are both judges and executors of their j

incuts ........... [37].

How that the Sheriffs are called ' Eyes of the Mayor ' . . [37].

Of the obedience to be shewn by the Sheriffs to the Mayor for the time being [38].

How that every difference and debate between the Sheriffs and any other persons whatsoever ought to be settled by the Mayor and Aldermen . . . . . . . . . . [;'s]-

15. Of the Recorder of London, and his office . . . [38]. Also, of his fee and his Joath [38].

1C. The manner of electing the Sh« r .... [39],

That the Mayor shall elect one Sheriff, for whom he shall be ready to

answer ........... [:*!>j-

And that the commonalty shall elect the other Sheriff, for whom in like

manner, etc [39].

Eow a dispute a* to the election shall be i • tc. . . [39]. Ity inflicted upon a person elected Sheriff absenting himself and

refusing the oath, etc [39].

•Delivery of the Cock, t by the old Sheriffe to the Mayor . [39].

Delivery of the Sheriffs' Records bel Mayor, etc. . [39].

Redelivery of the Cocket to the new Sheriffs by the Mayor . [40].

ry of the Records to the 'Common Cl« . [40].

Also, ids [40].

17. The oath of all officers of the Sheriffs . . [40].

j.nalty for refusing to take the oath . . -[40],

• >ath does not appear in • To the Chamberlain in reality, aa there

15th Chapter, but is given in Book III., stated.

original 4 This oath is not given in the 10th Chapter,

* This delivery is not mentioned in the but appears in Book II!., folio 208a I'.th

10 Nll'NTS OF TTIK FIHVr HOOK. [B. I.

What the now Sheriffs are to do, after dinner, on the day of their taking the oath ......... [40].

How that, after noon on the Vigil of Saint Michael, all things pertain to the new Sheriffs ......... [40].

Before noon, to the old Sheriffs ...... [40].

Also, that the Sheriffs are not to take of the bakers other fines than those ordained, under a penalty, etc ....... [40] .

The penalty inflicted upon the Sheriffs and their officers for not obeying the Mayor .......... [41].

That no officer shall keep a brewhouse, bakehouse, or cart or horses for hire ; nor shall they be regrators, under a penalty, etc. . . [41].

Also, that the Sheriffs shall not let the County of Middlesex t<» 'ferm ........... [41].

Also, that the Sheriffs shall not let the Gaol of Newgate to fenn [41].

Also, of the government of the keeper of the Gaol and of hi- MP- jeants ........... [42].

Also, of the grooms of the Sheriffs, and the 2seizure [by them] of cartage .......... [42],

18. Of the fees and duties of the Chamberlain, his clerk, the Common Serjeant at Law, the Common Clerk, and his clerks, etc. . . [42].

Also, of the fees and duties of the Common Crier, the Mayor's Sword- bearer, the Mayor's Serjeants and clerk, and the Serjeants of ihc Chamber ...........

[CONTENTS OF PART THE SECOND OF THE FIRST BOOK.]

The manner arid order in which the Barons and the community of the citizens of London ought to behave and comport themselves towards the King and his Justiciars, at the time when it shall please his lordship the King to hold the Pleas of his Crown at the Tower of London, as to attach- ments and misadventures that have taken place in that city . [45] .

Questions put to the citizens of London, at the Tower, at the I * there holden by King Henry, in the fifteenth year of his reign, and there

1 Or 'farm ;' i.e. at a fixed rent for the » Or Eyre, the Court held l.y th«- Justices tolls, duties, and customs thereof. Itinerant or Errant.

2 For the general purposes of the City.

• K. M nn;M \N, AM' -lir.KIFF. 11

enmll<-d, before Huh- H '•• 1- b :md liis MM) Ami the An--'

made by the citizens to the san ions, etc.

1Answers made to the Questions proposed to the eiti/ens of the

. l.y the Ju-tici;ir-> Itim-nmt at the Tower of London, in the fourth year of the reign of King Edward, son of King Henry . . [oO].

< >t Pleas of the City holden at the Tower, at divers Iters

p^i j ^

in div« I-H years, etc. The Pleas aforesaid are divided also into

nty-Mx Artielrx. which are set forth l>y way of Table and Calendar he beginning of the Pleas aforesaid, etc .....

I 'ART THE FIRST.

( 'H u'i I:R I. [Of t/te offices of Mayor, Alderman, mid Sheriff.]

In the City of London, since the time of the Conquest of England that was made by his lordship William, Duke of Normandy, in the year of our Lord 21067, then- ha\»- IMVII three offices, which (though to some ext» nt Subordinate, as hereafter set forth), by virtue of the prerogatives of their

11 wont to stand conspicuous among the other

ofiiresof the said eity, and deservedly to be held superior to them, — the office, that is to say, of May<>r, the office of A Merman, and the office of Sheriff; each of whieh has under it certain deputies, officers, and servants. For as to the office of the King's Escheator in London, though formerly it was otherwise, it is now included in the office of Mayr; as set forth in the Charters granted by King Edward the Third to the City of London, in tin- first and fiti« • nth \< ai^ nf his reign. Of the offices also of Recorder and Conm.T, ni.-ntinn will be made hereafter, in their respective places.

In tnatin^- therefore individually of tin- three principal offices b« named, and of the offices subordinate to them, we must begin with th«- highest of them, the office, namely, of Mayor.

CIIAFTKR II. [The former mimes n»<l <lnti<-* of the Mayor.]

The principal and immediate representatives of the sovereign power in London, since the time of his lordship King William, the Conqueror

1 He probably allude* to BOIDO few ooc*.

•uch Answer* are to be found in the present nons when a Warden wat appointed by the " iU King to rale the City, without the Mayor

* 1066 U tho date iwiuUly anigncd. being depoted from hia office.

12 VOHMF.U RAMBI \\i> DUTIW <>v -inr M \YOIJ. CB.I.

of England, have acted at various time* under varii.us namrs. I-W that King called his representative in the said city, him whom we now style 'Mayor/ il Port grave/— (a name which lie had taken from the Saxon language, in other words, the English) ; as appears hy his Charter, the words of which are given in the Liber Citstumannn, folio 187. For the wordier/, in the Saxon and Teutonic languages, is of the same meaning as the Latin deltas [city]. * Grave too, in the Saxon or German tongue, has the same meaning as a Comes in Latin. Hence this name ' Port- grave* was formed, signifying the same as <4Associate of tin- City;' and hence it is, that ever since England was a kingdom, the honour due to an Earl, as well in the King's presence as elsewhere, has belonged to the chief officer of London, who is styled ' Mayor,' so long as he continues in the office of the Mayoralty : hence it is too that the sword is borne before him, as before an Earl, and not behind him.

The fact that the Saxon or English words are written in the said Charter as **Gofregd Portrcfan,' otherwise * Port r eve,' must be imputed, it is thought, to an error on part of the transcriber, or else to some corruption or variation, in process of time, in the Saxon tongue; the letter 'g* being then omitted, either in the pronunciation or in the writing thereof. For it is well known that the superior officer of a city, in the Saxon and German tongue, is usually still called ' Port grave,' or 'Portgn-vc' at a more ancient period. In the same way, too, this same city, which in former times was named ' 6Luddesden,' from King Lud, is now, through a corruption in our idiom, called ' Londone.' And further, seeing that the Saxon word ' ; as signifying a steward or bailiff, is repeatedly in the mouths of the common people, it is very evident that the English, in process of time adopting a barbarous pronunciation of the Saxon language, have given to the principal officers of cities the name of 'Portreve,' as a substitute for that of 'Portgreve.'

In the Charter also of King Henry, son of the said William, when he

1 The exact word in the so-called original « Civitatis Comes. of the Charter is Portirtfa— 'chief officer of * In Liltt. at the ] '

a fortified place.' f erred to, the exact spelling is tQoi

8 Properly gerefa, fen/

* Meaning 'oMoriafe,' L e. of the King. • A firti..- Geoffrey of M«>n

Hence it came to imply the dignity of Karl mouth, B. I IF. or Count

PH.] \M> IH I I UK MAYOR. 13

1 to th< of London the County of Middlesex to ferra, he

.ted tin in liberty to • ' KTS1 from anmiitf themselves to k

tin- I'l.-UN <>!' his crown ; so that he who is now called ' M as also called

.r,' — as set forth in the Lt^ ' folio ab

:ice it seems, that the May .a- of London did not act under

>m mission at the delivery of the Gaol of Neugate, [or] at the

running of any pleas touching the crown, in reference to any cases

wh,, ini^ht arise within. the said city; unless, perchance, it

had become a custom with the Mayor- to sue for such royal commissions

'without prejudice, and not as an acknowledgment of any superior right;

.g to associate with themselves such Justiciars and persons

:ied in the law as they mi^ht think proper, by way of precaution against

delivering judgments founded in error. And yet, at a later period, his

lord-hip King Edward, son of King Edward, in his Charter, the words of

which are j^iveii in the Liber Cmtv, . folio 192, says — at the con-

clusion of that Charter, — ' And, further, we have granted, etc., unto the

r wo nor our heirs, for any matters arising within

same city or the suburbs thereof, will assign within that city our

'Justiciars, other than the .Judicial-- Itimiant at the Tower of London

'upon Iters of that kind, and tin- .Ju>ticiars for delivery of the Gaol of

'Neugate and for correction of errors at Saint Martin's le Grand, in

•:, a- fn mi iin.-ient times hath been the usage, unless, etc., matters

touching ourselves or our heirs.'

But it is in the Charter of Kin^ Henry, son of King John, that the chief of London begins to be called 'Mayor.' In that Charter,

as given in the said Liber Custitinarum, folio -'SO, it is written

ho follow t, — ' Know ye that we have granted, and by this our

h-i\e continued, unto our 8Barons of our City of London, •that tl from among themselves their Mayor each year, who

• niu-t 1 ,s, discreet, and fit for the governance

' th-

And ol.M -r M , that in s the same person was both Mayor and

. of the City of London. 1 'or thus Sir Gregory do lioko

Urnao is '</<> Irnr r** |>cr>

.il- lia- H-. \- i \ • v . t KM. li-li • •I'us.il. ut. (an . all teoAnto there in captie in

free burgage) wore thus styled.

14 FOK.MKH RAMBI \ND nrillv OF UN MAYOR. CB. i.

who was Mayor, was ealled ' Chamberlain • forth in Book B, folios

ij and 9, and many that follow. On the occasion, too, when Henry le (ialevs tin- Mayor, took liis di -pamire lor Lincoln, upon urgent business of his own, he appointed in his place1 William de Betoigne and ("Jeniiivy de Nortone ; and accordingly, in the King's writ, as set forth immediately after, they were styled 'Chamberlains' of the City, a thing that appears in the same Book B, folio 38. That the Mayor fulfilled also the duties of Coroner under the name of ' Chamberlain ' of the City, is shewn in the same book, from folio 3 throughout many folios that follow. There is found a let t er also of his lordship King Edward, son of King JEdward, under his Privy Sea 1 , written in the four-and-thirtieth year of his reign to the Aldermen and other citizens, directing them to elect four Wardens of the City, on the occasion when John le Blount, the Mayor, was made Knight in company with Edward, his eldest son, as set forth in Book C, folio 88; in virtue of which letter, there were chosen temporarily as Wardens of the City in place of the Mayor, Richer de Refham, John de Wengrave, Walter de Finchyngfelde, William de Combmartyn, Thomas Romain, and Nicholas do Farndone, Aldermen. And so it appears, that in former times, becau- person was Mayor he was Chamberlain also of the City and Escheator of his lordship the King; and because he was Chamberlain he was Coroner as well. For the fact that in former times the Chamberlain was Coroner also, receiving abjuration of felons, fugitives, etc., taking indictments with the Sheriffs, and sitting upon view of bodies feh de se and of persons killed, etc., is fully set forth as of record throughout the whole of the Second Tart of the First Book of this volume, and in many other places as well,

CHAPTER III. [The Warden of the City of London.}

It is to be remarked, that it is stated in the Chronicles of the 2Gi Liber Horn, towards the end, that in the year of our Lord 81280, beinir the fourteenth year of the reign of King Edward, son of Henry, Gregory de Rokesley, the then Mayor, the Sheriffs, Aldermen, and other dignitari- London, were summoned to appear upon the Feast of the Ap- • Peter and Paul [29 June] before John de Kirkel.y. T rarer,

mistake for -llmpy/ I -_\S5.

-What MH'.-mt l»y this uaii. • Ptop«j]f M.

aeems imiwiuble now to say.

i HI u \iu>: >ON. 15

the other JuMticiars of his lordship the King, in the Tower of London, for tli<- purpose of holding Inquests then •; and that the said Gregory

in-he of purpose resigned the Mayoralty, and delivered the

d of the City to one- Stephen Aswy and other Aldermen, and

then entered the Tower with the rest, not as Mayor, but as one of the

AM. mini and a neighbour of the citizens before-mentioned; alleging in

behalf of the City, that by their ancient liberties they are not bound to

i t he Tower of London for the purpose of holding Inquests, or to make

appearance there for judgment, unless first forewarned for forty days

thereto : — whereupon the said John [de] Kirkeby took the Mayoralty and

1 ilu'rties of London into the King's hand, because the City was found to be

without a Mayor. Wherefore, the citizens, upon appearing afterwards at

Westminster before the King, were arrested, to the number of eighty men ;

and some other citi/ens, who the day before had been with the Mayor at

kyngechirche and the Tower, were incarcerated. But on the fourth

day after, they were all liberated, Stephen Aswy excepted.

And his lordship the King then gave the citizens a Warden in place of tlie: Ralph de Sandwich, Knight, and commanded him

to keep and Lrovern the citi/ens according to their customs and liberties. 1 this Warden continued in office as such until the day after the Puri- •ion of the Blessed Mary [2 Feb.], in the fourteenth year [of that •]; when John liritone succeeded in his stead, and continued to be Warden until the Feast of Saint Margaret [20 July], in the fifteenth year; at whieh time Ralph de Sandwich was again appointed Warden, and s.» rontiiuifd to be for many years, that is to say, until the twenty- second year of that rei-n inelusive, as set forth in the same book, as also •''!•• end of Book F. In whose Wardeiiship, Sh.-rill> were sometimes assigned to the City l»y the King's Treasurer and the Karons of the reason that the liberty of the City was seized into the Kind's hand ; while at other times they were elected by the citizens. ids in the 9eighte< nth year of the reign of Edward, son of Kin- II in place of the said Sir Ralph, Sir John 1 intone succeeded as

I held that otliee until the t weiity-M.\t li year of the same r< eouermmnr \\hnin it i.s writt.-n in r,,«.k 15, folio 35, how that he - • the Aldemun and the six best and most discreet men of each

\ \ , limiting. * An em-i •>•

16 i in: WARDEN or THK CITY OF LONDON. CB.I.

Ward, and informed them that in the King's absence he had been appointed Warden by Sir Edward, the King's son, and the other lords. By whom he was enjoined upon oath, to preserve the City of London and all its liberties and ancient customs unhurt, in such manner as from of old they had been wont to enjoy the same ; and to behave himself in all things as Mayor, save only that he was to have the name of Warden, instead of that of Mayor, etc.

Whence it appears also, that the Common Seal was formerly in the

custody of the Mayor, by virtue of his office ; until the time when the

citizens prevailed upon the King to allow the Common Seal of the City to

remain in the custody of two Aldermen and two others, com-

FoL 8 A..

moners, by the commons of the said city for that purpose to be chosen, etc. ; as in the Charter of the same King Edward, son of King Edward, granted unto the citizens at the end of the twelfth year of his reign, and given in the Liber Custumarum, folio *94, is fully set forth.

Also be it known, that on the Wednesday in Easter week, in the six-and- twentieth year of the 2same King Edward, all the Aldermen and certain other reputable men of the said city appeared before the King at West- minster ; and there his lordship the King, with his Council, granted unto them the election of a Mayor. Whereupon, on the Friday next ensuing, with the assistance of twelve men of each Ward, they elected Henry de 8Galeys Mayor ; who on the Wednesday following was presented to the King at Fulham and accepted, being admitted and sworn on the ensuing Thursday at Westminster, before the Treasurer and Barons of the Exchequer. And on the Friday following, he set out for Lincoln on urgent business of his own, having first appointed as his substitutes William de Betoigne and Geoffrey de Nortone, as stated in Book B, folio 38. Where also are set forth the King's Commissions, one of them directing the said Sir John Bretone to resign the office of Warden, and the other command- ing the citizens to proceed to the election of a Mayor, etc. But as the said appointment of a Warden and seizure of the liberties into the King's hand, for the transgression of one individual, seemed rather an act of caprice than an exercise of legitimate right, to the end that the same might not happen in future, his lordship King Edward the Third granted by his Charter —

1 An error for 193. a More generally called * Waleys. In

» An error for 'father of the same.' \'.\"* !••• liu«l bm May., of li..nl«-;mx.

i m: ^ LVD] N 01 nn < n v or i 17

in I'*'- k I'. folio ln.~> — that I'm- no ]»<-r-<ni;il 1:

noal judgment pronoti • any oil;. iid city,

should tin* li taken into the Kin--'- hand. or into those

of hi- beilt, nor should any \Varden in the .same city upon Mich pr appointed.

IV. 'LP, : unit* at ////• WtHion of I

/or.]

At U. dions of the Mayor and Sheriffs, because in ancient tii, vast multitude u.sed to resort to the Guildhall — xc-inir too that, a> the Wise Man hear- wit IK— in the ''Jo'th Chapter of Ecelesiasticus, a gathering toget IK r of the multitude is a thing to be lean d. because in such case riots and tumults may readily occur, — the Mayor and Aldermen were wont for some <lay> hefoiv tlie day for electing the Mayor, and the Sheriffs as well, — as indeed they are still in the hahit of doing, — to meet together and discuss how such election might be made in a peaceable manner, and without tumult or outhivak of the populace. For which purpose, they noinii, the more di- d more sufficient citi/ens of . m fa \Vard, in

such numher as to them seemed requisite, and had them sum- moned l>y name to h. • at the flection of the Mayor on the 2dii\

Saint 1-idwanl, the K ing and Confessor.

And hi-cause it would fn-tjueiitly happen that, upon the day of such

•ion, the populace who had not been summoned rushed into theduild-

liall, the Mayor and Aid. mien, sometimes upon the strength of their own

ollicial authority— as set forth in the ordinaii- 1 in the last folio of

Book F — and >omrtim«-s upon that of a royal writ, caused proclam

be made throughout the City up<>n the Vi^il of such day of Saint Edward,

that no one slmuld appear, under a heavy penalty, at the (Juildhall during

i >n on the morrow, unless specially summoned thereto; a^ M t forth

b Book D, fctio 8, BOC* Blotto 11, and Hook G, t :in«l

also, as set forth in I'. lio 191, that ujxui tin the

Feast of the Translation of Saint M«l\\anl, in the four-and-t wenticth yearot'

Kin^ Kdwanl the Third, a certain hill was ^ ni t«- \ldiiman l»y the

commanding him, in virtue of the f.;ilt\ which he owed unto his lord

/ -t his Translation, 13th Oct.

18 .[\M FUMULTB A i II [B. i.

the King, to present himself upon the said I- a-t at the (niildhall ; :IN also to cause to be summoned four of the best men of his Ward for the same pur- pose, he then having the names of such persons endorsed upon such hill.

It is also to be observed, that in ancient time-; tlie Mayor was el< etrd upon the Feast of the Apostles Simon and Jude [28 October] ; as was the case at the election of Thomas Romayn as Mayor, in the third year of the reign of Edward, son of King Edward ; who was elected by the Aldermen, and twelve of each Ward summoned thereunto, and on the morrow was also presented to the Barons of the Exchequer at Westminster, and accepted, as set forth in Book D, folio 2. And the reason why another day for the election was substituted, was the increasing expenses as well as certain other causes, as stated in the following Chapter, etc.

CHAPTER V. [The Manner of ejecting the Mayor.']

And further, upon elections of the Mayors of the said city, disputes frequently arose between the Aldermen and commoners, the latter thin! that the nomination as well as the election of the Mayor belonged to them- selves only ; and accordingly, after coming to an agreement, on the Eastern side of the Guildhall (the place, that is to say, where the Sheriffs are wont to hold their Courts), they used to attempt to present to the Mayor and Alder- men, seated at the Western end of the Guildhall (at the place of Hustings, namely), a single person only as the Mayor chosen by them for the ; ensuing. The Aldermen, however, opposing this, used to assert that they themselves also were citizens and members of the community of the City, and that it was by no means just that, by reason of the prerogative' that belonged to their office, they should be deprived of having a voice iii

election of him who was to hold the supreme place as the King's representative in the same city. Hence it became the custom, hy common consent of both Aldermen and commoners, for the commoners who were summoned upon such election, after the Recorder had stated to them on behalf of the Mayor and Aldermen the reason for sueh summons, to retire to the other end of the hall, as before mentioned, and there to nomi- nate two Aldermen, each of whom had been Sheriff and was a fit proper person for the office of Mayor. Which done, they returned, and hy

•in;

r own ( 'oinmoj; and Aldcl'llK 11

I hich of them t' .1 1.,- pleaded to

admit to tin- ollire ,r for the year then i:> ing, I this, th.- Mayor and All. TIP :uling to th«

of tin-in by a plurality . the (,'0111111. taking n(,to by

ttiny, under toperrkian of tl: ; lor; th« •. m, they

made known to the j>eople in the (Juildhall, by the mouth of their »rder, \vhich of the two had been eleeted Mayor f..r the ensuing

But it often hapjx ned, that when u Mayor h well th.

iiioi. 11 willingly have had him to continue in office as

• case of Mayors who have held the Mayoralty for inan\ >. continuously, Henry Fitx-Alwyne, for example, the lh>t Ma\ laid the oliif .nseeutive years; the Mayor also who succeeded him,

Roe, MI continued in oilier three years; Andrew le linker* II.

sevt ; Thomas Fitz-Thomas, four years ; Gregory d« I;

era, from the third y«ar, that is, of the i Bdwwd, BOO of

Kii,. B |T| incli;-ivr, to the end of the nintli

inclii.sivi- r- ss well as tli- v.-ords. —

.John de lllount also was Mayor for six eomeoatii ok F, at

tlie end, where tin- Mav-i's ,-nid Sheritl'N U i uf, i> more fully stated.

Hut it deserves remark, that in ancient times tl.

nothing HIM. g the time d di«l at o(

tim- content with one, or at the very nm>t, two | ,rms

OS part of tl. hold. M\en more than this, as in those times they

-. it wa> the custom for the Mayors, on the same which i 1, to go on foot by land, or by boat on t!

, to Westminster, or the Tower, and thereto nr,i\r : \cd.

The ^reat costs :led by the

OT bein.' a.ssent of

lonMiij, King Edward, son of Kin^ l-'.d \\anl, at the close of the twelfth . that t: aforesaid should iin

in oilier a> such Mayor beyond «>i ime ; asset forth in the 7.

• Iv

o 2

20 THi I "1 III < 1IV. TIM: M \Ynr. [B. ,.

Custumantm, folio 1%2(>1, a^ also in the copy of the same Charter entered in Book E, folio 90. The concession of this point was solicited, it is thought by some, because certain former Mayors had held royal commis- sions to remain in office as Mftyor during the King's good plraMm- — a thing that the public took much amiss ; as was the case with Nicholas nedone for example, as set forth in Book E, folio 146; and similarly, with Ilamo de Chikewelle, as set forth in Book E, folio 148.

As the Mayor then of one year cannot be Mayor in the year that follows, unless perchance he is most urgently pressed to continue in office, and of his own free will consents thereto — so that, by the liberties of the City, he can in nowise be compelled to submit to that burden for two consecutive years— it became the usage, upon unanimous elections, for the Aldermen as well as the commoners, before proceeding to elect another, to compliment the outgoing Mayor — (supposing always he had gained that amount of favour with the citi/ens) — upon his good government, and by the mouth of their Common Pleader urgently to entreat him to take upon himself the burden of the Mayoralty for the then ensuing year. Upon his final refusal to do which, the commoners presented to the Aldermen the names of two of the Alder- men (taking care not to nominate the Mayor, it being fully understood by them that he could not be made to continue in office against his own good pleasure) ; of which two the Aldermen selected for Mayor the one they pleased, in manner before mentioned. The selection thus made, it was the custom for the Mayor to take his departure from the Chamber and descend to the hall below, holding by the hand as he went along the person who was so to be Mayor for the ensuing year ; after which, the Mayor and Aldermen being seated in their places, the Recorder announced to the people the name of the person elected Mayor for the year then next ensuing, giving notice also to the people to hold themselves in readiness to accompany their Mayor on horseback to Westminster on the morrow of tin' Feast of the Apostles Simon and Jude [28 October] then next ensuing, and so uphold the honour of the principal city. This done, the Mayor and Aldermen arose and left the hall, the people following.

In cases where the person so elected was not present, it was the usage for the Mayor and Aldermen, with the Sheriffs, to go to his house, and

» Pmi>eriy, 192.

Pt. r] I I! •>]

then- i:ive him notice forthwith to provide himself u itli all things requisite !-•! the «»i!icc <>t' M ;.l to bo present at the (Juildhall upon the Feast of

the A]mxtles Sim. Hi and .Jude then n :«• to have the oath

administered, as from anei.-nt times had been the custom; utter which, each person departed to his home.

CHAPTER VI. [TV M , r>j Oath at ////• CJmWtalL']

The Feast of the Apostles Simon and Judo being now come, about the truth hour by the Moek, it was the custom for the Mayor, all the Aldermen — arrayed in cloaks of violet, — and numerous commoners, to meet together at the Guildhall. Silence and attention being then enjoined by the Common Crier, in other words the Serjeant - arms, and duly made, the Recorder, seated at the right hand of the Mayor, announced to the people that, in conformity with the ancient usage of the City, upon that day he who was to be Mayor for the then ensuing year was to take the oath. Then it was the custom also for him to compliment outgoing Mayor upon such points as deserved commendation; and tho Mayor too, if he had anything to say, was duly heard. This done, the out- going Mayor vacated his seat, and the May- >r • 1, « t took his place ; the past Mayor, however, Minn-; next to him, on his left hand. Then, the Common Serjeant-at-arms holding before him the 2book with the Kalendar, with the effigy of Him Crucified on the outside thereof, and he in the meant ]»la< -iii£ his hand upon the book, the Common Clerk read to him the oath. t he was about to make on the morrow in the King's Exchequer, to the same effect as is entered in Book I >, f« -li. . 1 . When he had made the promise and duly kissed the book, the old Mayor delivered to him the 'Seal of the Statut. > t. toother \\itli tin- Seal of the Mayor l«»se«l in two

purses. Tli i- was also heard, if he had anything to say, by way

atiiiLT the aid of his f, ll..w- A Id. rmen dunn- hi- t ime, as also lantial men of the community, for the hetter p>\

of the (

/, dMMM4 l-r-M-'ly 'I'.v ^' W th- » With whicfc

hour* in HUM time* being announced by bell* record made for the eeonrity of

,o book of the RraagolMte, and acknowledged before the Mayo*

"

22 Till '- OATH AT TIIK (it II OH \. [B. >.

This done, it was the usage for them to arise and take tin -ir dqurfuiv, the people following. The sword, however, was borne Ix-lniv tin- past Mayor, who led the incoming Mayor by the hand, tho Aldci-inm and l>eople following the latter to his house ; after which, the sword pivtdrd the past Mayor as far as his own home. Nor was it the custom lor cither of the two Mayors to appear again in public on that day: but in rase of urgent necessity it would be the duty of the past Mayor, for the rest of such day, to exercise the functions of his office in public and abroad; n g that he was not fully discharged from his office until such time as the Mayor succeeding in his stead had been accepted by his lordship the King, or the Barons of the Exchequer or Constable of the Tower.

CHAPTER VII. [TJie Mayor's Oath at the Exchequer.]

On the morrow of the Feast of the Apostles Simon and Jude, provided such day was not Sunday — in which case, the ensuing Monday was substi- tuted— it was the custom for both the new and the past Mayor, and the Aldermen as well, in a like suit of robes, attended by the Sheriffs and as many as were of the Mayor's livery and of the several mysteries, arr;i in their respective suits, to meet on horseback upon the place without the Guildhall about nine by the 1clock, the sword being borne upright before the person nominated as Mayor. Departing thence, they rode together along Chepe, through the gate of Newgate; and thin, turning into Fletestret, passed on to Westminster.

Upon their arrival there, the Mayor, Aldermen, and Sheriffs alighted from their horses, and, preceded by the mace-bearers and Mayor's sword- bearer, ascended to the room of the Exchequer, where were the Chancellor, Treasurer, Keeper of the King's Privy Seal, and Barons of the Exchequer. The Mayor, Aldermen, and Sheriffs then standing at the bar, the Records- stated how that the City of London, in accordance with its ancient customs and liberties, had chosen N. as Mayor for the year then next ensuing, requesting the Barons, on behalf of the City, to accept tlx individual so elected, who then and there appeared in person. Answer being made by the Chief Baron, or his* representative, that it was their pleasure so t<>

1 See Note 1 in the preceding page.

th< •!)'>•,].: ! yor; placing his hand upon which, he

ith that he I the (Juildhall. This

(l«»nc, it was the custom for tli. ( . .11 l>eha!

the King and the L< -pi-rial to preserve peace

and tranquillity in the • ! then, te -t of his ability, so to

Mirveill. r tlu- sellers of all kinds of provisions, as not to

allow the puMic to sutler from excessiv \nd after this, it was the

usage for th . to 'present himself as ready to account for

e as Escheator ; \ 11 he also was sworn to render a good and

faithful account of the said oliice, appointing there such person as he might think proper, to act as his attorney in passing his accounts.

The Mayor also and Aldermen, in behalf of the City, appointed a

Kxchequer as attorney of the said city to challenge and

. as and when necessity might demand ; after which,

upon receiving leave from their Lordships, they withdrew. In like manner

also, in the 1Common Bench, they appointed a member of that place to act

as attorney for i l»ut in the Kind's l»ench it was the custom for

>rneys, jointly and severally, to claim the libei oms of the said city, as and when necessity might •

irned, the commons preceding on horseback in

companies, arrayed in the suits of tin -ir respective mysteries. Those, how-

members of t 10 which the Mayor belonged, as

also those who were of his livery, proceeded next before

person, i , moved so close to the Mayor but that there was a marked

spae he serjeants-at-arms, the mace-bearers, and his

sword-bearer, went before him, with one Sheriff on his right hand und the

hi- 1, -ft, bearing white wands in their hands. The Recorder and

the othef Ald-nuen followed next in ••nl.-r. and accompanied him through

of the market of -\Vcstchepeto his house; after which, they

••, as many, that is, as had not been invited to the feast same day, after dinner, it was the custom for the new Mayor to proceed from his house to the church of Saint ['Thomas] do Aeon, those

» Thia word baa been erased here and elae-

\ great aafaraa probably of strong anti-papiatical ten

24 IHI Mnnu's O.MII AT TIM: I\<III<>MK. IB. i.

of Ilia 'livery preeedin^ him ; and after tin* Aldermen had tin n-

'* A.

assembled, they then proceeded together to the < hun-h of Saint Paul. Upon arriving there, at a spot namely in the middle of the nave of the church, between the two small doors, it was the custom to pray for the soul of Bishop William, who by his entreaties, it is said, obtained from his lordship William the Conqueror great liberties for the City of Ixmdon ; the priest repeating the *De profttndis. They then moved on to the ehureh- yard, where lie the bodies of the parents of sThomas, late Archbishop of Canterbury ; and there they also repeated the De profundis, etc., in behalf of all the faithful of God departed, near the grave of his parents before mentioned. After this, they returned through the market of Chepe (some- times with lighted torches, if it was late) to the said church [of Saint Thomas], and there the Mayor and Aldermen made an offering of one penny each ; which done, every one returned to his home, and 4the morning and the evening were one day.

It should also be known, that if the King's Exchequer is not at London, or if it is vacation-time with the Court, the Mayor is presented to the Constable of the Tower of London, or his deputy. In which case he is accepted and sworn without the first gate ; as was done in the case of Sir Nicholas Brembre, elected Mayor on the Vigil of Palm Sunday, in the fiftieth year of the reign of Edward the Third. In like manner, upon the morrow of the Feast of the Apostles Simon and Jude, John le Blount was presented as Mayor, sworn, and accepted, by John de Blakbrok, the deputy of Sir John de Sandwik, Constable of the Tower, in the one-and-thirtieth year of the reign of Edward, son of King 6Edward, as set forth in Book C, folio 112. This liberty is entered also in the Charter of his lordship the King.8

CHAPTER VIII. [Of certain other Usages and Observances on part of

t/u1 MayorJ]

In like manner, at the Feast of All Saints [1 November] then next

1 Those of his retinue who were clothed at over, and the others sul»ti: his expense. 4 A j»rody of Qenesi* \. "».

* The commencing words of the 130th • An error for * Henry.1 Psalm. • Probably in allusion to the Charter of the

3 The original wnnls wi-re * Saint Thomas 20th Edward I. of Canterbury ;' but these have been crossed

25

.in-, the Mayor was wont, t^ether with his household, to proceed alter dinner to tin- < hurcli of Saint [Thomas], as also the Aldermen and the people ot' the Ma\..r'> livery, who met together there, with the substantial men of the several mysteries, arrayed in their resju-etive suits ; and thence to proceed to the church of Saint Paul, and there hear Vespers, and then

.rn in manlier already stated. In like manner also, upon the day of our I , Nativity, the Mayor, Aldermen, and Sheriffs, with th«»e wh«» wviv of the liveries of the Mayor and Sheriffs respectively, were wont to meet

: dinner at the church of Saint [Thomas], and then, as already men- tioned, to proceed to the church of Saint Paul ; where, on the right hand side of the choir, in the stall next to that of the Dean, the Mayor would stand, the Aldermen also taking their position, each in order according to his priority of rank, a> well on the same side of the choir near the Mayor as on the other side, while Vespers and Complines were read. Which services being duly heard, the further proceedings were to the same effect as stated in the preceding Chapter. A similar usage was observed upon Saint N«-p hen's day [26 December], as also upon the day of Saint John the Evangelist [6 May]. Again, upon the Feast of the 'Innocents, the Mayor, A Mermen. Sheriffs, and others were wont to hear Vespers in the church of Saint [Thomas de Aeon], and on the morrow to hear Mass there and Vespers as well; after which, they returned h' The former ceremonial was observed also upon the Feast of the Circumcision [1 January], the Feast of the Epiphany [6 January], and the Feast of the Purification of the glorious Virgin [2 February].

And observe, that prayers are only offered for the soul of Bishop "William in the nave of the said church, upon the days on which the Mayor and

riffs have their oaths administered at the Exchequer ; nor has it been

the usage for the Mayor and Aldermen to remain at Saint Paul's until

Complines are ti j.t up..n the Feasts of the Nativity of our

Lord, the Epiphany, and tin- 1'uritiration of the Blessed Virgin. For, at

oats above-named, imraed iit.lv after Vespers they withdrew.

"ii th. in Master week, the Mayor, Aldermen, and Sheriffs,

arrayed in their suits, aa also a largo concourse of the city people of either

sex, used to resort in the forenoon to the Hospital of the Blessed Mary

> ho Urt two of the Canonical wrrioM in Church, the day, according to the rale of the Romish * Or ChiUermM Day, 28th December.

26 USAGES AND OBSERVANCE OK fAXl OF TIIK M VYnK.

without Byssliopesgatc, to hear Sermon there. The same too was done upon the Tuesday and "Wednesday in that week.

Again, shortly before the Feast of UVnUvi.st, it was the usage for tin- Mayor and Aldermen to meet, and come to a full understanding as to t In- sults of vestments to be provided. The Mayor too and the Sheriffs, as a mark of honour, bestowed their liveries upon their friends and tin- m» -in- here of their households, as well as upon the officers of the City, according to the requirements of their respective grades.

When Monday in the Feast of Pentecost had at length arrived, before dinner and between nine and ten by the clock, it was the custom for the Mayor, Aldermen, and Sheriffs, arrayed in their suits, to meet in the church of Saint Peter upon 2Cornhulle, as also all those of the livery of tin: Sheriffs as well as of the Mayor. From which place, the Rectors of London heading the procession, those who were of the Sheriffs' livery followed, and, next to them, preceding the Mayor, those who were of his livery; after whom came the Mayor, with the Recorder and Aldermen, in order of precedence, the procession passing through Chepe to the church- yard of Saint Paul's. Entering this on the North side, they were there met in procession by the officials of that church ; and then, passing out by the South side of the churchyard and through the Close of "Watlyngstret e, they entered the church by the great door on the West side ; which done, 1 came to a stand in the nave, while the hymn Veni Creator was chaunted by the Vicars to the music of the organ in alternate verses, an 3angel meanwhile censing from above. This ended, the Mayor and Aldenn< n, ascending to the altar, made their offerings; after which they returned, each to his home. And observe, that the Archdeacon of London used to give to the serjeants-at-mace with the Mayor and Sheriffs, as also to those of the Chamber, two nobles, equally to be divided among them, for preserving the procession of the Rectors from the pressure of tl it- throng.

On the morrow again, on Tuesday, that is to say, the Mayor and Aldermen were wont to meet before dinner, between nine and ten l»y the clock, at Saint Bartholomew's ; after which, preceded by a procession of

1 Whitsuntide. arrayed as such. This was by no means an

8 CornhilL uiiciuiiiiiiui practice on great occasions an. I

3 An acolyte or other official of the church public cereimm

MAYOR.

Minion folk of Mi<Ml< y passed through the gate of Newgate,

and so proceeded to t

onward, throiii:li < »1«1 < 1 the Close of Saint Paul's by

Saint no's Gat < h the proceedings were the same as on

rations day. And [on this occasion] the sura of ten shillings was

t •> t h e s. . ' : 1 1 s 1 > Y t he Archdeacon, as already mentioned. On

tin- third day, on Wednesday, that is to say, in the week of Pentecost, the

r, Aldt rmen, and other persons, were wont to meet at the hour afore- said at tin < hurch of Saint [Thomas] de Aeon; after which, preceded by a procession of the common folk of Es> on straight to the

churchyard of Saint Paul's, the proceedings being just the same as on

I onday before. And [on this occasion] the sum of six shillings and eight-pence was gixvn l»y the Archdeacon of Essex to the said serj< ai-nia. , . It should be known also, that on occasions when these fees were not paid, it was the usage to compel the An hdeacons by distress to pay the same.

IX. [P< certain cases on f/ir Mayor

Aldermen.]

Forasmuch as tli< Aid. rnu n, whose duty it is to meet together in the

Ihall at London for th<- eh <t ion of a Mayor on the Feast of the Apostles

nd .hide [28 October], on one occasion hnd absented themselves,

through fear of assumiiiL dty; at th« -of William de

1 ''minion of the eommonalty of the said City, an

ordinance was made by the Mayor and Aldermen, on the Saturday of the

Feast of th< A p. -t].- Simon and .hid. , Ki< hard Lacer being M the

every year thnicrfonvard, at the 1-Ya-t of the Truncation of

Iward th« King [13 October] the Mayor and all the Aldermen

>h'»uld i he (iiiildhall in London; as also, of each Ward in the City,

according as it was great or -mall, twelve, eight, or six persons, of the

wealthiest and wisest in such Ward; and that no persons, unless duly

sumni"! to, should conn- or in any way intrrfeiv in Mu-h « 1. i-tion of

Max -riti-. And at the same Feast of Saint Edward, they

tin- usual manner to fleet their Mayor for the ensuing

V d at MM : be

28 IT. NAT/TIES INFLICTED ON MAYOR AND \I.1>] KM! \. [B. r.

between the said Feast of Saint Edward and the Feast of the Apostles Simon and Jude, to make arrangements ]as to his private affairs.

It was also agreed that if the person so elected Mayor at such Feast of Saint Edward, shall, at the Feast of Saint Simon and Saint Jude then ; ensuing, absent or withdraw himself, from unwillingness to assume the burden of the Mayoralty, whether he may have been absent or present at the time of such election ; the officers of the City aforesaid, for the time being, shall nevertheless cause to be levied from the goods and chattels, lands, rents, and tenements, of the person so absenting himself, one hundred marks sterling, the same to be paid unto him who shall, at the said Feast of the Apostles Simon and Jude, by reason of his absence happen to be elected in his stead.

It was also agreed, that all the Aldermen shall in every year be present in the City of London, as well at the Feast of the Translation of Saint Edward the King as at the Feast of the Apostles Simon and Jude, at the election of such Mayor ; and that if any Alderman shall at any one of the aforesaid Feasts absent himself, he shall pay to the Chamberlain of the said city, for the time being, to the use of the community aforesaid, twenty pounds sterling, unless such Alderman shall be absent for some reasonable cause, and be able before the Mayor, Aldermen, Sheriffs, and community, satisfactorily to excuse himself. A like ordinance was made also in the time of the Mayoralty of Walter Turk, in the four-and-twentieth year, that is to say, of the reign of Edward the Third, as to persons absenting them- selves from the election of the Sheriffs, under a penalty of one hundred pounds sterling. These ordinances are inserted in the last folio of Book F. And observe, that the first of these ordinances was carried into execution in the two-and-fortieth year of the reign of Edward the Third ; for upon Walter Berneye, who had been elected Mayor on the Friday of the Feast of the Translation of Saint Edward the King, not appearing at tin- Feast of the Apostles Simon and Jude then next ensuing, Simon le Mordone was, on the day of that feast, elected Mayor for that \var, and on the morrow was admitted and pr< - nt< d to the Karons of the Kxrhequer, as set forth in Book G, folio 216; and from the goods of the sarn. Walter t: was levied a sum of one hundred marks, to the use of the said Simon.

1 de slatu suo di*ixmcrc.

OFFICE, RANK, \M> QUALHICACTOI

X. 7". fi?i- . l: •'-. V • ns of an Alderman.]

It w. l(K)k to the etymology <>f the word 'Alderman,' the more aged ia so called. For in Saxon means 'old/ an is our word

'older;' and hence, as the judgment is most vigorous in persons of more mature years, the dignitary who among the Romans was known as ' Consul* OT ' ^ ,' among us is called ' Alderman.* And \<

in the case of Aldermen maturity of mind is to be considered rather than of body, and gravity of manners in preference to length of years : hence it is that in the ancient Laws of King Cnut and other kings in Sax<»n times, the person was styled 'Alderman* who is now called * Judge* and ' Justiciar,* as set forth in the Liber Custumarum, folio ! V t , in several other laws of Saint Edward, the personages who are now '.-•d ' Justiciars* were called ' lagemanni,' from the Saxon /age, which corresponds with the Latin Ics, or ' luw ; ' the lagemannus being a 'man of law/ such as we now call a *' lawyer,' or, more correctly, a ' legislator.'

These Aldermen too, in respect of name as well as dignity, it is evident, ra anciently called ' BaroMs.' For it is matter of experience that even since the year of our Lord 1350, at the sepulture of Aldermen tin- anru-nt custom of interment with baronial honours was observed ; for in the church where the Alderman was about to be buried, a person appeared upon a caparisoned horse, arrayed in the armour of the deceased, bearing a ban IK r in his hand, ami earrying upon him his shield, helmet, and the rest of his arms, ul<m<r with tin- banner, as is still the usap> at the sepulture <>t% W«U of lian.nial rank. But by reason of the sudden and frequent changes of the Aldermen and the repeated orrunvnre of pestilence, this ceremonial in London gradually died out and disappeared. From this, however, it is evident what high honour was paid to the Aldernu n in am-i.-nt times. Indeed, no person was accepted as Alderman unless he was free from deformity in body, wise and discreet in mind, rich, honest, trustworthy, free, and on no account of low or servile condition; lest perchance th<

Unk u Icftin the original Reference but m included in the Cottoni*n manuscript b mad* no doubt to that portion of theL&r Om^uu, I> !! » no longer at Guildhall, * /»rt*«r*im.

30 OFFICE, HANK, AND <jr\MHi HTONfl <>1 \\ \ I .! >K K M AN.

disgrace or opprobrium that might be reflected upon him by reason of his birth, might haye the additional effect of casting a slur upon the other Aldermen and the whole city as well.

And hence it is that from of old no one was made apprentu •<•, or at all events admitted to the freedom of the said city, unless he was known to be of free condition: and even if, after lie had received the freedom, it became known that he was a person of servile condition, through that same fact he lost the freedom of the City; a thing that was the case with Thomas le Bedelle, Robert le Bedelle, Alan Undirwode, and Edmund May, butchers, who, in the Mayoralty of John le Blount, lost their freedom in consequence of having acknowledged that they held land in villenage of the Bishop of London, and so remained debarred of the freedom of the City, as set forth in Book C, folio 88. Hence too, in the Mayoralty of Nicholas Extone, fishmonger, in the year of our Lord, that is to say, 11300, being the 3[tenth] year of the reign of King Richard, the Second of that name since the Conquest, an ordinance was made that upon the admission of apprentices, as also upon receiving the freedom, the same ancient custom should in future be observed ; as set forth in Book H, folio 3 — .

The Alderman also in modern times has his title from the Ward over which he presides, as * Alderman of Chepe/ for example, 'Alderman of Bridge/ 'Alderman of Quenehithe.' In ancient times, however, on the contrary, tire Ward was styled after the name of its Alderman ; thus the Ward of Candelwykstrete was called ' The Ward of Thomas de Basyng,' and the Ward of Castle Baynard ' the Ward of Simon Hadestok/ In like manner, Tower Ward was called ' the Ward of William de Hadestok,' and the Ward of Chepe 'the Ward of Henry le Frowyk;' and so too Vinetrie Ward was styled 'the Ward of Henry de Covyntre.' Similarly also, the parish of Saint Bride was said to be 'in the Ward of Anketill de Auvern ;' the same that is now called ' tin- Ward of 4Farndon/ from Nicholas de Farndone, who was afterwards Alderman of that Ward; the same too as to the Ward of Lanin-lmrne. These matters also are set forth in Book B, folio 3, and many folios that follow.

1 This is an error ; 1387, the tenth year of a The reference is on. Richard IL, ia meant 4 Now Tarring

* The number ia accidentally omitted.

31

In anri.-nt times also, th- njoyed the privilege of not being

plaeed on Inquests ; as mentioned in the 1. < ^tumorum, folio 220, where it is stated that in the Ward. •n-hip of John le Bretone, among other ordinances made by him and certain Aldermen, by the commonalty for such purpose elected — as set forth in Book C, folio 6 — his lordship the King confirmed an ordinance to that effect, so long as such Aldermen should be judges of the City. Still, however, we find it stated that as well

Aldermen as the Sheriffs of London, etc., were placed upon Inquest in th* King's behalf, in a case of burglary, namely, and Breaking into his Treasury, at Westminster, as set forth in Book C, folio ?(> ; but a case of such rare occurrence and of such high importance cannot be construed as a precedent.

Also, tli r, Sheriffs, and Aldermen were all accustomed to array

i nselves in a like suit on two occasions in the year ; when the Mayor rode, that is to say, to have the oath administered at "Westminster, on the morrow of the Apostles Simon and Jude ; such vestments being trinu with proper furs. Again, it was the usage for them to be arrayed in a like suit against the Feast of Pentecost, the linings being then of silk.

ice it was that, on the Monday next after the Feast of our Lord's Kpij.liany, in the thirty-first year of the reign of Edward the Third, ordinance was made by the Mayor and Aldermen, that wh« K should

so happen that the Mayor and Aldermen should be arrayed in such like

, no one of them should give or part with his robe within that year, under pain of forfeiting one hundred shillings to the use of the commu- nity, \\ ithout any remission thereof. And if it should so happen that any one of th. in should • Aithin that year, his executors, under

th' aforesaid, were not to al »r give to any one, such robe

within that year; such ordinance being entered in Book G, folio 65. It was the usage also for the Aid. mi. -n to make no payment for the enrolment of a charter or deed of any kind whatsoever iiaelves; a thing that is repeatedly stated, and more espe- cial ly in Book C, folio 1 .'I

» On which occasion, Walter de Wenlock, £100,000. Twelve of them were kept in

abbot of Westminster, with eighty of his prison for two yean without trial but at

monks, was committed to the Tower om the length were released. Soe Otmr"*. rf< loit-

charge of stealing property to the value of don (Camdrm fee.), p. 29.

32 OFFICE, RANK, AND QU AI.IFICATIONS OF AN ALDKi:M\V [B. i.

How persons too are to be chastised who are guilty of assault upon the Aldermen, while performing the duties of their office in the preservation of the peace, may be seen in the case of William 1 Faint, Ksquire, then dwelling with the Bishop of Bath, and an official of the Receipts of his lordship the King ; whose hand it was adjudged should be struck off in the Guildhall, because he had made an assault upon John Rote, an Alderman, in the Mayoralty of Nicholas Extone, the tenth year, that is to say, of King Richard ; as set forth in Book H, folio 210. But in reference to the subject of persons guilty of assaulting, cursing, calumniating, and slan- dering the Aldermen, a more full statement is given in folio [290] of the Fourth Book of the present volume, etc.

In former times too, the Aldermen were not removable from their offices during life, unless for some grave offence or crime of enormity for which they deserved to lose the freedom of the City as well. At a later period however, his lordship King Edward, son of King Edward, in the twelfth year of his reign, by his Charter — entered in the Liber Cmtumarum, folio 192, — conceded that the Aldermen should be removed each year. But at a more recent date, the losses, inconveniences, and grievous perils being taken into consideration by the King and his Council, which had for some time arisen in the City by reason of this yearly change of Aldermen, and which were still likely to arise, it was declared and decreed, as is now the case, that the Aldermen should remain irremovable, unless some reasonable cause for their removal should arise, — as in the Charter granted to the City by Richard the Second is set forth, etc.

CHAPTER XL [The nature of the Wardmotc.']

The Wardmote is so called as being a meeting together by summons of all the inhabitants of a Ward, in presence of its head, the Alderman, or else his deputy, for the correction of defaults, the removal of nuisances, and the promotion of the well-being of such Ward. The meetings that we call * Wardmotes,' the Romans called 'pklix'-itn : ' the same in fact that were styled 'folkesmot ' by the Saxons in ancient times. The Aldn -nu >n p in the habit also, by virtue of warrants by the Mayor for the time h<-in^ to them directed, to hold their Wardmotes, twice at least, or oftener, in the

1 Probably, Receiver of the Fines, or Receiver of the King's rents.

year; on which occasion* enquiry used to be made as t«» tin condition and -.(juillity of the Ward, and such defaults as were presented

v tin Aldt rman, as hereafter will be shewn.

The process of holding a Wardrnote in London has customarily been as follows. — The Alderman, after receipt of the warrant, is to command bedel to summon all such nu>n as are householders, as well as nil 1

. in hi- bo appear before him at n certain day and hour on

the morrow of such summons, in a certain place within the same Ward, for the purpose of holding such Wardmote. These names, at persons have been duly summoned, the bedel is to have entered in a certain roll, those of the freemen, namely, of the City who dwell in that Ward, J'v themselves, and those of the hired servants and non-freemen, l»y themselves. And when at the hour appointed they have duly met together, the Alderman having taken his seat with the more opulent n of the Ward, each in his proper pla clerk of the Alderman is to

in the bedel, in behalf of such Alderman, to command attention; which done, it is the clerk's duty to read aloud the warrant before-iu tioned, and th.-n to read to the bedel the names that are entered in the roll; while the bedel in his turn proclaims aloud that every person who shall noi -resent, answer to his name, and shall make default

1 1 be put down and amerced in the sum of four pence at the least. A : iln\ the bedel is to present to the Alderman a panel, arrayed Constables of the Ward, of those reputable men of such Ward by whom Inquisition should be made; which array, if the Alderman shall deem it expedient, he shall be at liberty to amend. This done, the jurors are to have read to them all the articles touching such Wanlmou ; the same as thos 1 in the Second Part of Book III. of the present v,,lu

folio 30. After this, a certain day for making their presentment i> bo givi-n l.y the Aldrrni;.: jurors. On which day the jurors arc to

present thrir verdi.-t indi nted, one part of it to remain in possession of tlu- Aid. riuan, and tin- otiMV with the Ward. It is. the duty aU> of :

Alderman to present his part to the Mayor, at the sitting of hi- i.

General Court ; to th« , nd that, nft.r it has been seen and enquired if •o is any matter the correction of which pertains unto the Mayor a . t ho aforesaid ind. > red to him, to be acted upon

respects, <

D

;)1 '1HF. NATl HI. OF THi: \V\1M)MMM. [B.I.

And at the said Wardmote, there ought to be elected by tin A Merman and reputable men of the Ward, as also by the jurors, the 1Scavager*, Alc-n >niu-r<. Bedel, and other officials ; who, at the General Court before-mentioned, shall take the oaths befitting their respective offices, as set forth in the Second Part of Book III. of the present volume, folio 26. The Alderman also used to be specially certified by the bedel as to the names of such hostelers, brewers, bakers, cooks, victuallers, and auctioneers as dwelt within the AVard. Bakers also were to have their stamps there, the im-

Fol. 10 A.

pressions of which were to be entered upon the Alderman's paper; for doing which, every baker had to pay the Alderman four pence, unless it so happened that he had previously paid for an impression being taken of his stamp before the same Alderman of the Ward, no change of Alder- man having taken place. It was the usage also for the Aldermen to seal the measures and weights in their respective Wards, and to condemn such as were not sealed, receiving a remuneration for such sealing to their own proper use, in the same way that the City Chamber now receives it. For every Ward had its own measure, made of brass, and corresponding with the royal standard of the City. At such Wardmote also, those persons who are not free of the City, and who have not previously been sworn there to that effect, ought to be put upon 2frank-pledge, notwithstanding that in other "Wards they have been already received therein ; on which occasion they are to take the oath that is entered in the Second Part of Book III. of the present volume, folio 326, for persons about to be admitted to frank-pledge. Every person also who is about to be so received is to give one penny to the clerk for his entrance ; and if any such person shall absent himself at such Wardmote, he shall pay four pence to the Alderman ; unless indeed such person be a Knight, Esquire, female, 4ap]»renti< e-at- law, or clerk, or some other individual who has not a permanent abode in this city.

The Alderman ought also, in his own person, to supervise and corrc defaults and nuisances presented by the jurors at the Wardmote afore.-

1 Officers whose duty it was originally to of former times.

take custom upon the Scavage, L e. inspection 2 To be bound, mutually with nth.;

of the opening out, of imported goods. At a their respective good behaviour ; a usage of

later date, part of their duty was to see Anglo-Saxon origin,

that the streets were kept clean ; and hence s Folio 209 of th

the modern word * *cav*>nrj<>rS whose office * A barrister iimi.T If, \, -ars 'standing. corresponds with that of \]\<- ruktjr-r (raker)

35

] !•> «,f ditlieulty should arise, and of a n;/

:••< of which description the M

i, aided by a in

liaad. Also, if -man .shall find the officers under him remiss or

•it, he shall warn them to amend their conduct; which ii' 1 neglect to do, he shall reasonably punish and chastise them, or else report the same to the Mayor, whose duty it is to provide a condign remedy the same.

CHAPTER XII. [The Election of an Alderman.']

Upon the election of Aldermen, it is the custom for the Mayor to pro- ceed to the Ward that is vacant, and, at the place where the Wardmote of

h Ward is usually held, to cause to be summoned before him by the bedel all the freemen who inhabit such Ward, should he think proper: and there

iiwith, ii' they are willing and able, or else on a given day, the AL man is to be elected by the greater and more substantial portion of 1 1 Provided always, that fifteen days do not expire before making such ; for in such case, the Mayor is bound, and has been wont, with the counsel of his fellow- Aldermen, to appoint some man who is honest, rich, and circumspect, to be Alderman of such Ward. It is the duty also of

of Mich Ward, when they have made tl. 'ion, in

maniier already stated, to present the person so elected to the Mayor and Aldermen for admission.

it the person elected, alter he has been admitted, shall refuse to accept or undertake such charge, by custom of the City he shall lose his freedom ; and he is not to be readmitted to the same without making a imtaMe tin. and ransom. Hut if the person so elected is duly admitted, in

'i case he shall take the oath that is . in the Second Part of

Bo<>! 1 he present volume, i led always, that if the

Mayor and Aldermen, for some notable cause, shall not think proper to admit the person Ward shall proceed again to make a more

suit . I. • < • Wardsmen shall refuse to do this, or if, from

malevolence and pride <•• 'hey -hall elect some other person whom

the ( burt) taking into consideration the advantage and honour of the City,

not so far demean itself as to accept, it is the usage for the Mayor and

D 2

:',•', 1111 1.IKTK.N OF AN ALDI'.IIMVN. &• '•

Aldermen, as in the former case, after waiting til'urn days, t«> i-Urt and admit another.

CHAPTER XIII. [The J/.////,r,- <>f holdiny a Common Council.]

The manner of holding a Common Council is as follows. — The day 1 the meeting thereof, the Mayor and Aldermen are to cause summons to be made by the Serjeants of the Chamber, for sixteen, twelve, eight, or four (according as the Ward is great or small), of the wisest and most wealthy persons of each Ward to appear on the morrow at the Guildhall; and [further, to give notice] that no one is to appear unless summoned, or presume to be present at such Council ; under pain of imprisonment accord- ing to ancient usage, as also, by recent enactment, under a certain penalty and chastisement named in an ordinance made in the Mayoralty of Nicholas Wottone, and entered in Book I, folio 176. All the commoners too that are summoned are to be called over one by one, by a serjeant of tin- Chamber standing aloft ; and as to those who make default, they are to be noted by a clerk of the Chamber in a roll which he holds in his hands, in which are entered the names of those who have been summoned.

And as to those who duly appear, they shall then form a congregation ; and if any matter of great difficulty or doubt shall arise, upon which tin y cannot agree, they shall be severally examined by the Serjeant-at-Law of the Common Clerk and of the Common Serjeant-at-Arms, upon the oath by which they are bound unto the City, etc. And observe, that the business of the City is not to be delayed for the arrival of the men of a Ward or two, supposing that they have been duly summoned ; but it must be pn >- ceeded with, the presence of the persons so absent not being waited for. KuTy one too of the persons so summoned who does not appear is to be amerced in the sum of two shillings on each occasion, etc.

The oath of the men elected to the Common Council is as follows. —

* You shall swear that you shall be trusty unto our lord the King N.,

'and unto his heirs; and shall quickly come, when you are summoned

'to the Common Council of this city, if you be not ably

' excused; and good and true counsel you shall Lpiv« , at'in- y«m

' wit and cunning ; and that for favour of any man you shall maintain no

' singular profit against the public or common profit of the said city ; and

1 that after you come to the Common Council, you shall not IVoin tin

im OK iioi.niN(, \

' depart, without iv;iM,iKihl.' cause or the Ma; n<e, until the Mayor

Il-'\vs shall have departed; and that what shall bo spoken in ' the Common Council you shall not disclose. — So God you help, and God's • 1 1 1 \ Gospels.' These and other matters to the same purpose are set 1

look II, folio 178.

In the Mayoralty of John Warde, the after-mentioned ordinance was entered aa to the election of Commoners for the Common Council of th« *o the effect that, whereas heretofore such Commoners had

been elected by the Wards, in future the Commoners for the Common Council of the City should be elected by tin* respective Mysteries, and not by the Wards ; that is to say, six by some of the Mysteries, by some four, and by some two. And for tho purpose of so doing, bills were sent by the , not to the Aldernu n, but to the rulers of the respct •

Mysteries, as set .forth in Book H, folios 45 and 46. But so long as this ordinance continued in force, tumults increased among the people, and the great were held in contempt by the small. Consequently, great disputes and divisions arose among the citizens; as was seen at the m of

holas Brembre, John Northamptone, and other Mayors, . A , however, the more discreet and more worthy persons of the said < ig called tog* long discussion was held as to the amendment of

the said ordinance ; and at length it was ined that, in accordance

with the approved and established practice of ancient and praiseworthy usage, tho Common Council should tl. Ch l>e formed by the Wards

only, and not by the Mysteries. And this usage, in reference to the great meetings in Common Council, is continued and observed to the present

Ounn \iv. [The

The Sheriffs of tho City of London, who were formerly styled tin ' Bailiffs/ nre judges themselves, alone in their own Courts, as to personal s ; but in the 1 1 i£8 they are not only judges, but also executors of the Mayor's judgments and precepts, etc. They are also the ' eyes of the or,' ever on the watch and taking thrir shore of the anxieties whieh -;iid Mayor, as being but one individual, would be insufficient ta encounter. For the Sheriffs and all their officers both ought to ^ n ^ be, and of usage have been, subject to the Mayor for the time

38 THK SHERI1 IB. i.

being, — as the limbs are subservient to the head. — both in staying pro- ceedings and in sending plaints before him, with all matters that jn-rtain thereto, after the same have been held before them and proved, by way of examination, etc.; and in performing all other mandates issued by him, etc. When any question or debate arises between the Sheriffs and another person, on any matters unto the said Sheriffs or their office pertaining, tin same ought to be, and of usage has been, determined by the Mayor and Aldermen ; for hitherto the liberties of the City have forbidden the Sheriffs to be judges in their own cause.

CHAPTER XV. \Tke Recorder.']

The Recorder of the City of London should be, and of usage has been. one of the most skilftd and most virtuous 1apprentices-at-law in the whole kingdom. His duty is, always to be seated at the Mayor's right hand when recording pleas and delivering judgments ; and by his lips records and processes holden before the Mayor and Aldermen at Saint Martin's le Grand, in presence of the Justiciars assigned for the correcting there of errors, ought orally to be recorded. And further, the Mayor and Aldermen have been accustomed commonly to set forth all other matters touching the City in presence of his lordship the King and his Council, as also in all the royal Courts, by the mouth of such Recorder, as being a man more especially imbued with knowledge, and conspicuous for the brilliancy of his eloquence.

The Recorder's fee was in former times greater or smaller, according as the occasion and his own deserts demanded, as shewn in Book IV. of the present volume, folio * . But at the present day, and indeed for many years past, his fee has stood at a fixed sum of one hundred Smarks. The Recorder has also from the Chamber by way of fee, the like vestments, whether 4lined or edged with fur, as often as the Mayor and Aldermen in each year receive the same; his clerk also is provided therewith, like the Serjeants of the Chamber. The Recorder is also wont 6 , and his < leik. to sit at table with the Mayor, etc. More, however, in i to the

1 Barristers of less than 16 years' standing, » Of thirteen shillings and four ; >•

and under the degree of Serjeant ' With -ilk, «.r iK-rli;ip.s with liiu linen, as

The number is omitted, but folio 275 is the \v :<1 is l\

probably alluded to. * There is an erasure here.

THi

office of Recorder, i«, set forth :^rtli, ] in the Secon<.

of Jionk III. of tlu- present volume, folio .

( 'H AFTER XVI. [The Election of Sheriffs.']

As concerning the election of Sheriffs, — the Mayor, Recorder, Aldt rm, n, and Commons, are to be assembled on the day of Saint .Matthew the Apostle [21 September], in such manner as is ordained on tin Mayor; and in the first place, the Mayor shall

choose, of his own free will, a reputable man, free of the City, to be one of the Sheriffs for the ensuing year ; for whom he is willing to answer as to on* halt' of the 2ferm of the City due to the King, if he who is so elected l»y ili« May«»r shall prove not sufficient. But if the Mayor elect him by counsel and with the assent of the Aldermen, they also ought to be an- swerable with him. And those who are elected for the Common Council, themselves, and the others summoned by the Mayor for this purpose, as be- fore declared, shall choose anoth< r Sheriff, for the commonalty ; for whom all

commonalty is bound to be answerable as to the other half of the ferm so due to the King, in case ho shall prove not sufficient. And if any •

\orsy arise between the commons as to the election, the i is to

proceed and be discussed in such manner as is contained in the art upon the 'Common Council ' in the l^tli Chapter of this First Book.

And if any one of thoso then chosen to be Sheriffs shall refuse or absent

himself, so as not to be ready at the Guildhall on tin Vigil of Saint Michael

•liii^. at ten 1»\ the clock, there to receive his charge, there shall bo

d forthwith from the goods, lands, and tenei m nts of him who so absents him- If, one hundred p.,imds ; one half to the use of the Chamber, and the

r half to th< use of him who shall be then suddenly elected and charged by reason of such default. And it' the second person elected shall refuse the charge, all his goods, lands, and tenements shall bo 'arrested, for all

uses touching that of And the old s shall come to ddhall, at eleven b\

k at the very latest, and shall d< li\« r to the Mayor (at the latest, at

Mayor's General Court that is held after the Feast of the Epipha

8 A term applied anciently equally to the * Or fee-farm rent KUture of property and i«cnnm.

40 KLI i FS.

all records of picas touching freeholds pleaded before them in tlu-ir time, with all other memoranda touching m-<uvrirs sutfnvd hy any pi rson, under a penalty of one hundred shillings, to be levied from each of tin 'in and to be paid to the use of the Chamber. To do which, the Mayor shall warn them the day on which they shall receive their charge. And then the Mayor shall deliver the 1Cocket to such Sheriff as he himself shall have chosen, and the records to the Chamberlain for safe custody ; and forthwith, the new Sheriffs are to be charged in such form as is written in the Second Part of Book III. of this volume, folio 25.

CHAPTER XVII. [The Oath of all the Sheriffs1 Sercant*, and their

duties.~\

And as soon as the Sheriffs are sworn, all the servants of their office — clerks, Serjeants and their *vadlets, bailiffs of the customs and of Middlesex, the gaoler of Newgate and his clerk, — shall also be sworn, each according to that which pertains unto the position that he holds, any oath made before their masters to the contrary notwithstanding. And he who refuses such oaths is to be adjudged incapable of holding any office for that year. And he who does not appear that day to receive the charge before the said Mayor and Aldermen, shall lose all his offices for that year. And none of the Sheriffs shall have more than eight Serjeants, but fewer if they may suffice to execute the business of the public. The oaths of the Under-Sheriff and of all the Sheriffs' clerks, of the Serjeants of the Sheriffs, and of the vadlets of the Serjeants, are set forth in the Second Part of Book III. of this volume, folio 27.

Item, after dinner on the same day the old and the new Sheriffs shall go together to the prison of Neugate ; and there the new Sheriffs shall receive all the prisoners by indenture made between them and the old Sheriffs, and shall place due safeguard there at their own peril, without letting the gaol to ferm. And be it known, that all profits arising from any customs or bailiwicks pertaining unto the Sheriffs of London and Middlesex, after the hour of noon on the Vigil of Saint Mk-liad ;il<>i. - said, shall belong to the new Sheriffs, and before the hour of noon to the old ones.

1 The seal of Newgate. 2 Grooms, or inferior oilicera.

PVI.J ID TIMII; 11

vafter shall take any line from luik.-r or from 1-

olid what it is ordained lor them to tu', !tl' .-hall

do so, and be attainted thereof, he shall pay for each penny so received

ve pence to the Chani!

.. it' it hapinn, which God forbid, that any one of the Sheriffs or

:r officers shall have especial command on part of th< or

Aldermen to perform any business touching the t'ity, and such Sheriff or his officers win not take in hand the same, such Sheriff or officer shall be warned forthwith to appear befon \ or and Aldermen, and the Com-

mon Council of the City, there to answer why he has not done what he was commanded to do. And if he shall not think proper to appear on the day appointed, or if he shall come and not offer reasonable excuse, he shall be ousted from his office and another established in his place. And if sue) shall be found in a servant of the Sheriffs, he shall be ousted

ir.'iii his office and adjudged incapable of holding any other office in the said city, thenceforth for ever, without restitution thereof. And also, neither Mayor, Sheriff, nor Aldermen, clerks of the Sheriffs or of the Chamber, Serjeants, bedels, Serjeants' vadlets, porters of Counters, nor officers of Newgate, nor their vadlets, shall honc< her

luselves or by others, brew for sale, keep an oven, or let carts for hire; nor shall they be regrators of any provisions, or hucksters of ale, or in part-

>hip with Mich. And the person who will not make oath thereto, or who shall contravene this ordinance, shall be ousted from his office for e

i , t he Sheriffs shall not let the County of Middlesex to ferui in any manner, but the same shall remain in their own keeping, by their dt p that so th.- p. ..pie in the said County of Middlesex may be treated and governed in due manner as the law demands, without extortion committed upon ai.

Item, the said Sheriffs shall not let the Gaol of Neugatc to form, but shall put there a man, sufficient and of good ; •» keep the said gaol

in duo manner, without taking anything of him for such keeping thereof, l.y covenant made in private or openly. And the gaoler, who by the said Sheriffs shall bo depui. d thereunto, shall make oath before the Mayor

1 Aldermen, that mi nor any other for him, shall take fin-

extortionate charge from any prisoner for putting on or taking off his r shall receive monies exi .ny pri- Bid it hha'..

42 OATH OF SHKKIFFS' SIKV\\lx AND Mil IK !>1 II! v [B.i.

fully lawful for the said gaoler to take from each person, when set at liberty, four pence for his fee, as from ancient times lias Wn tin- uv but he shall take from no person at his entrance there, nor shall he issue [execution] suddenly, by J command of the Mayor and Aldermen, without other process. And if he shall be found to commit extortion upon any one, he shall be ousted from his office, and be punished at the discretion of the Mayor and Aldermen, and Common Council of the City.

Item, the Serjeants' grooms who 2 seize cartage, shall take no more carts or horses than are necessary, and even then, such carts and he: [only] as are on hire; and not those of poor folks who bring victuals and other merchandize to the City, while they spare the carts and horses that are let on hire, for their own private advantage, — on pain of dismissed from their office for ever.

CHAPTER XVIII. [TJie Fees and Duties of the Chamberlain, 7//x clerk, tin Common Serjeant -at- Law, the Common Clerk, and his clerks.]

The Chamberlain, the Common Serjeant-at-Law, who is other- Fol. 13 B. vf\s& called the ' Common 3Countor/ and the Common Clerk, shall be elected by the Common Council of the City, and removed, at their plea- sure. And each of these shall receive for his labour from the Chamber t« n pounds per annum. And further, the Common Clerk shall r. iste-

nance for his clerks in either Chamber, and for every deed and will enrolled in the Hustings, ten pence ; and for every deed enrolled in the Mayor's Rolls, he shall take two shillings ; and for every writ of assize, of nui-;m< •< •, and of intrusion, and for every precept directed to the Sheriffs for pleas of Hustings, and for every writ of Scire facias and of Fieri facias six pence, the case of Aldermen excepted.

And the Chamberlain shall give in his account each year, between the Feasts of Saint Michael and of Saint Simon and Saint Jude, the Apostles [28 October], at the latest, before two Aldermen and four of the commons, who shall be chosen by the Common Council of the City, on the day of Saint Matthew [21 September], to take such account. And the persons so chusni shall name to the Chamberlain a certain day, upon which he shall hold

1 This passage is probably corrupt. » Or Pleader.

2 For the public service of the City.

FEES \M> DtTJES OP MINOR OFFK 43

in readiness to render his account. And also, the Wardens of the dge shall each year give in tlu>ir account in the same manner, before the same auditors, or others by the Common Council thereunto appointed.

v one shall ask to see any record, he shall shew unto the Chanilu rlain or the Common ( reason for such demand; and

it it shall seem reasonable to the Chamberlain or the Common ('!• -rk. it shall be shewn unto him by a clerk, sworn to the Chamber, and not otherwise ; and if he shall wish to have a copy, he shall have the same for a competent payment, to be given to him who shall make the transcript. And ny clerk shall otherwise disclose the secrets of the rules and records, and shall be clearly convicted thereof, he shall be punished bodily by imprisonment, and shall lose his office for ever.

i, that the clerk of the Chamberlain shall receive in part for his labour one half of the sum that arises from the twelve pence taken for the entry of writs of franchise; and further, he shall receive for his labour what the auditors of the Chamberlain's account may think proper to allow him, at their discretion.

Item, he who is Mayor for the time being, and is sworn unto the City, and [is also] Eecheator for such time being, shall keep a clerk for that office ;

whom he shall be prepared to answer as well to the King as to the C for the saving of his own honour and estate.

Item, the Common Sorjcant-at-Arms of the City, who is otherwise called

• Common Crier/ shall be always of the household of the Mayor for the time being, and ready at his commands, as the oth Serjeants are; and he shall receive from the Chamber sixty shillings each

r, and a further sum, if such shall seem reasonable to the auditors of the Chamberlain's account, in ooMidnftlOB of his good behaviour; and ho shall receive from each of the Aldrrmen for his fee the entire robes or cloaks

• i.i.-h they arc sworn upon h they receive charge of 1 1 office, or else six shillings and eight pence, at their own pleasure; and he shall further receive from the Sherifls twelve pence for every cry that he makes throughout the City ; to enable him to do which, they shall find him a suflieimt hm-M , f,,r the honour of the City. And he shall also receive for each testament that is proclaimed at the Hustings, and for each plea determined at the Hustings, four pence, as his fee. And such Serjeant shall be elected by the Common Council, and removed when

44 FEES AND DUTIES OF MINOR OFFICE!^. [B. i.

Item, the Mayor shall have two other Serjeants at L a^t. and an esquire, a man well bred (one who knows how in all places, in that which unto siu-h sen-ice pertains, to support the honour of his lord and of the City), to bear his sword before him, at the private cost of such Mayor. Saving howi'vt i , that each of these three shall receive from the Chamber forty shillings JUT annum, and no more, as his wages. And further, the esquire shall receive, in addition to this, for each letter that shall be sealed with the Seal of the Mayoralty, twelve pence, the case of Aldermen excepted.

Item, in the Chamber there must be three Serjeants, and no more, to serve the Chamberlain in business touching such Chamber, and who shall be elected and removed by the Common Council, when they please. And cadi of these shall receive from the Chamber forty shillings per annum, and they shall share between them the half of the sum arising from the forty pence taken for the entry of writs of franchise ; and they shall be clothed in the suit of the Mayor, at cost of the Chamberlain, twice each year.

Item, if any serjeant of the Chamber shall be found negligent and not attentive to his duty, by testimony of the Chamberlain, upon the first default forty pence shall be deducted from his salary, and upon the second half a mark, and the third time ten shillings. And it is not the intention of the Common Council that by these penalties they shall be excused for any outrageous faults ; but, according to the extent of such offences, they shall be removed or otherwise punished, at the discretion of the Common Council of the City.

IJooK I.

PART Till: SECOND.

7 order in ichich the Baron* /<«-

Fol. 10 A. nit i/ of th> r>'/t'zens of London ought to bf/uicc ami con<i

time when it shall

please his lord*/* A to hold the Pleas <. »m at th< Totccr

of London, as to attachments and misadventures that have taken phic

that city.

CHAPTER I.

ho first place, it must be fully understood and agreed between the said borons and citizens as to the attachments and misadventures that are now to bo newly presented to the Crown.

r and more discreet persons of the said city ought, and of usage are wont, to meet together at a certain and lining place, for the allaying of such strifes, rancours, and discords, as have before arisen in

'1 that. praer :in«l friendship In ing thus renewed among

tlu in, they may be, in will and in deed, as one man and one people, in pre-

. in<r uninjured their persons, their customs, and their liK rties. And

it shall so happen th.it at this same time any one disturbs

the City and molests the citi/ens, he to be pronounced, among his

tit, an enemy and a public foe ; and himself, as well as his heirs,

for of tlu ( 'ity. For it does not stand to reason

that t.»r such a person his lordship the King should take t and its

into his hand, to the grievance nnd d. trinu nt of the whole <

ClIM-ll K I I.

A KM, du« ran must be taken that the Sheriff* and the Chamberlain, \\ith th.li- ••!. rks, mad together at a certain place and on a certain day

as title the Aldermen of the City are here

46 PREPARATIONS FOR HOLDING PLBAJ 01 Mil dOWH. [»• '•

before the Council of the City, between the Feast of Saint Michael, namelv, and the Solemnity of All Saints [1 November], to compare their mils for the past year and to recite the same. And the above order is i<> l.e observed within the said period in every year; a new roll as to the attach- ments and misadventures of each year being duly written and prepared by a skilful and competent scribe, who is to be bound by oath faithfully to perform this duty and to observe secrecy as to the same. And so from year to year the roll is to bo increased, and with the Charters of the City is afterwards to be safely preserved.

CHAPTER III.

Also, when his lordship the King shall send his letters for the summoning of the attachments of his Crown, such writ is to be enrolled. And if it shall so happen that in the King's writ the day of summons is named within a shorter period than that of forty days, then discreet and serious men must be sent, to shew unto his lordship the King and his Council that by his letters he ought to give them another day. For, in accordance with the ancient liberties and usages of the City, they ought not to be sum- moned as to attachments of this nature within a shorter period than forty days at the least.

CHAPTER IV.

Also, when they have received the mandate for certain, savin ir always the liberties of the City, to set forth and plead the said attachments and misadventures, then each Alderman is to prepare a roll for his own Ward ; in which rolls are to be contained the suretyships and attachment > that pertain unto the King's Crown; for the purpose of instructing and fore-warn- ing the people of that neighbourhood that they meet at ^erkingecheivl ic- on a day appointed, and thence, if the City is so advised, proceed to the Tower of London ; to the end that they may discreetly and prudently n, answer unto his lordship the King and his Justiciars as to those matters which shall be objected to them. And they must cause the names <»l >M< h as are deceased to be distinctly and openly briefed, that so they may be

' Now, Allhailows liarkin-

M

.! tlh' <_T:I'

ili«' Chamberlain of tin • ' tliird

<l;iv hei'mv the d;iv appointed tor ; 'he

•AH. The same order also must be observed as to those absent from the h persons to be essohud in a 1

CH \

Also, upon the day on which the Pleas of the Crown are of usage

. the custom <>f * :s as follows. — On tl < arly in

morning all the laymen «»f : :>ound, and of usage are wont.

rky niree ml, proceeding thence in a body.

'Wer of London, becomingly and properly arm < 'are also

Tim n that no 2scld, shop, cellar, or 8sollar, in which things are sold

>t open so long as such Pleas of the Crown are Tower.

CHAPTER VI.

Al*< same d;. Unmon Council of the

1-1 In- sent lYoni llrruxni six or more of the more

serious, honour; -nsoftli- \vhoare1

Towrr tor the purpose of salutin- and welcoming his lordship the King, his Council, and his Ju-ticiars, on behalf of the City; begging of them ' if it n i Uhij> the Kinj^, they may safely appear before them in

Caving all their lilxrti.s and customs unto the Mayor and all -i/.eiH. Km- his Wil-hip tlie Kinur and all his predecessors,

:iurl;ind, and their Justiciary ha\ s preserved unto all

:!'« rties safe and nni:

CHAJ-II K VII.

named should shew D > the

_r, and unto hi> C..un.il and his Justiciars, that, on behalf of his .-hip the King, they ought to forbid any person to presume to keep

' An emiii WM a legal excuM by the = A UTRO .bed. iwed mortJy fur the itowagu . ii.t, .-I- hia reproMOtalivM, for non- of memhandim,

• An upper room.

48 FORM OK M \KTNC THI PUHOmO [I!, i.

ward at the doors or gates unless he be one of their own fellow-citizens, and by them thereunto appointed. Nor should any marshal or crier appear among their fellow-citizens unless he be one of their number, and acting by desire of the said citizens. For, in accordance with the liberties of the City, they ought, and of usage are wont, to have no porter, usher, marshal, or crier, except of their own number, and such persons as they shall think fit. All the gates and doors are to be kept open to the Barons and to all the citizens, so long as the Pleas of the Crown are being holden, to the end that they may have free ingress and egress. For so it ought, and of usage is wont, to be.

CHAPTER VIII.

After this, three men, discreet and moderate, should be chosen ; one of whom is to present unto his lordship the King, and unto his Council and Justiciars, in due order, such haps and mishaps concerning the Crown of his lordship the King as have occurred within the City, from the time when the pleas were last holden down to the present time : while the other two men are to remain standing by the said presenter, the one namely on his right hand and the other on his left. And if it should so happen that while thus making the presentment he becomes fatigued, one of these is to continue such presentment. And if by any chance he should commit an error in making the presentment, he must in a low voice be corrected by the two who are standing by ; it being understood that no other person shall in any way presume to disturb or to correct such presenter, but only the t \v< » who are standing by him, in manner already mentioned. No tumult, no murmur, no strife, no debate with one another, is to be going on among the people while such presentments are being made ; but all persons , to keep themselves quiet and without litigation, as they would preserve the honour and the liberties of the City, and to the end that the presenter may be heard by all and duly understood in peace.

CHAPTER IX.

It should also be known and kept in memory that, in the case of all things charged against the Barons and the community of the citi/.-ns the answer to be made by the City is this. — That although they may be fully

PA1 \ i [Ol

,-r, still, they will not unadvisedly make answer thereto; but, after holding counsel and conference together thereupon, they will make answer by the Common Council, saving alwa; s nf the Ci< 1 for the purpose of

I-;- paring such answers, four-ant 1- persons or more must be chosen

from the Common Council, who >hall forthwith proceed to hold a Common Council of t: for ensuring the safety and protection of th-

body of the citi/.'ii-. And no 'stranger shall thrust himself am«»i.. to hear the counsels of the City, so long as they shall be thus holding coni< n.

•i i u X.

r tli« Justiciars of his lordship the King shall have handed and shewn unto the Mayor and Barons of the ( ity the articles pertaining unto Crown, they shall immediately demand a fitting clay, for the purpose of making due preparation and taking counsel thereon, to the end that t : may be able safely to make answer to the said articles » upon the day so granted unto them l>y tin- Ju.-ticiars; and that in the meantime they may be enabled discreetly to enrol and In i«-f the same articles and their answer*

< 'H \ri i i: XI.

From the four-and-t w< -nty men or more lx ; four per*

••-• should he - • !' the Common < !>eassoci

with the Mayor lor the purpose more especially of making answer to the rgcsand articles aforesaid. Also the '• er with the

Common Clerk «.f tin- city and • :!>' cl« rk<, -hall be seated before

them for the purpose of noting by way ol .d all -uch charges 1

are made; lest the same, through default of I., in- 90 notdl. >l:..u!.l !-• lost in ol,li\i,.n And one of such persons must act as protl whose notes all the others are to take copy, in Mtting down as well the King's charges as the answers made b\

< \ II.

Also, as concerning the Sheriffs and A . provision must be made

1 One Dot free of tb«

50 THF. THKI.I Ft 1C(. \Tln\S IN PLEAS OK Till. CROWN. CB. I.

aa follows: — The Sheriffs are to have their serj»':mt< th« -iv present, and all the Aldermen the bedels of their AVurds, becomingly and fairly arrayed and shod, prompt and ready to perform and fulfil the commands of the .Mayor and Barons of the City, according to such injunctions as may be given to each ; their capes too and cloaks laid aside, they are to be fairly arrayed in coats and surcoats, bearing straight white wands in their hands. Of these too, four or more, as may be necessary, must be assigned to the office of keeping the gates and doors ; as also two criers, and certain others who are to act as marshals, in fulfilling such duties as may be enjoined them. And if perchance any one of these should be an aged man, weak or infirm, or have sore eyes, then, at the common expense, another person must be substituted in his place, and of the same Ward, efficiently to perform such duties. And as to such men, due precautions should be taken that they be seemly and proper persons, newly shaven and shorn.

CHAPTER XIII.

It is to be observed that, in accordance with the ancient liberties and customs of the City of London, there are three purgations in Pleas of the King's Crown, by means whereof persons appealed, charged, and accused, are in duty bound to acquit themselves. The first of these is employed in cases of homicide or murder; such purgation being called the * Great Law.' The second kind of purgation bears reference to 2mayhem, and is known as the ' Middle Law.1 The third purgation is employed in cases of assault, battery, rapine, wounding, blows, bloodshed, and other injuries of a like nature, inflicted at the season of Our Lord's Nativity and in the weeks of Easter and Pentecost ; such purgation being styled the « Third Law.'

CHAPTER XIV.

When a person is bound to clear himself by the Great Law, the mode of proceeding according to such law is as follows : — He who is so applied, charged, and accused, has to make oath in his own behalf six times in his own proper person; to the effect, that is to say, on each occasion, that he

1 Modes of clearing themselves when ac- 2 The maiming or mutilation «.f a litnl., cased. proper for defi-nce in ti^ht.

wv \u. 51

is i 1 guiltless of felony and breach of the peace of his lord

King, as also of all crime so laid to his charge, — 'So God may help 1 and those holy ^Gospels].' After this, six men are to make oath • to the best of their conscience and und< rstanding, the oath that has so sworn is a sound oath and a safe, — 'So God may help tin in. and those holy [Gospels].' And this proceeding shall be repeated until tin- number of six-and-thirty jurors is exhausted; due care being taken that [on each occasion] the person accused makes oath first, in form before stated, and then, after him, six men, until the number before-

• •d is completed.

In selecting these six-and-thirty men, the procedure, according to the ancient usage of the City of London, is wont to be, and should be, as follows : — The person accused being absent, eighteen men must be chosen from the East side of 2Walebroke and eighteen men from the \Vest side of "Walebroke, persons who are not kinsmen, cousins, or members of the family of the accu* < • -t connected with him by marriage or in any

• Tway, but only trust wo r <>t' the franchise of the- ' The

names of these persons are to be read to the accused ; who, upon hearing in, shall shew unto the Mayor and Barons of the City the names of such among them as he holds suspected. And if ho shall shew reasonable cause against tin -in, the names of such persons shall be struck of the written list, and others shall be chosen in their stead, to com- '• aforesaid number and duly to be read befor. him. And \vh.-n accused shall be content with the names so entered, and shall have himself upon them f- It <>f the said accusation, t!

by counsel of the City, he shall appear before tin Jn-ticiars of his lordship _:, at a certain time and place, to wage and make his law. Hut in accordance v usage of the City, such person shall have

respite for Hnaking his law for a term of forty days at the least complete. 10 six-and-tl; [so chosen] shall be delivered

tin- .Itistiriiirs of his lordship the King.

1 Ai thi> word » not ezpraMd, it » I»M. » The rirulet of Wtlbrook.

,*'«m*rm<*.'m*y.pi>lyk> ti* holy • /. *. madeigoiag h» trid Hy «uh of Uw

relic, upon which not unfrequently perau jnron ; * JMUM! of whom WM oalled •**' <•

orn. Thctt pcooteding. wvn known law ;' a name giren abo to Urn mode

M 'Wager of Law.'

•V_> H 1 HI MIDDl.r. AND THIUI) 1. VW.

XV.

Iii making the Middle Law, the procedure is as follows : — The person, namely, who is charged and appealed of mayhem has to make oath in his own behalf three times, in his own proper person ; to the effect, that is to say, on each occasion, that he is innocent and guiltless of that felony, and of breach of the peace of his lord the King, as also of all crime so laid to his charge, — * So God may help him, and those holy [Gospels]/ After him also, six men are to make oath that the oath that he has so sworn is a lawful oath and a safe, to the best of their conscience and understanding, — God may help them, and the holy [Gospels] .' And this proceeding shall be repeated until the number of eighteen jurors is exhausted; due can- being taken that [on each occasion] the person accused makes oath first, in form before stated, and then, after him, six men, until the number before- mentioned is completed.

In selecting such eighteen men, the same procedure is to be obs« as is set forth above in all matters relating to the Great Law before- mentioned.

CHAPTER XVI.

In making the Third Law, the procedure is as follows: — A \< accused of assault, battery, rapine, wounding, blows, bloodshed, and other injuries of a like nature, inflicted at the holy seasons before-named, has to make oath once in his own behalf, in his own proper person ; to the effect that he is innocent and guiltless of the misdeed laid to his charge, and of breach of the peace of his lord the King at the holy seasons above-mentioned, — ' So God may help him, and those holy [Gospels] .' After him also, six men are to make oath that the oath that he has so sworn is a lawful oath and a safe, to the best of their conscience and understanding, — ' So God may help them, and those holy [Gospels].* And be it known, that these six men should be chosen of the Venue in which the person so accused is dwelling; provided always, that they are not cousins, or kinsmen, or members of his family, nor yet connected with him by marriage, or in any other way, but only trustworthy mm "f that vmue

1 Or ' virniet,' "r n- ™t

mi.

and of tln« iVain-hiM- <»f ! the name-

is shall IK

, as above stated un<i

CHM-IIK XVII.

I'.y common assent of th li slmuld be given to the two

AM mien whose Wards are nearest to the Tower of London, to the et that, upon tin third day before the Pleas of the Crown areholden, they must enter the Tower for the purpose of examining the benches in the Great Hall, to see if they are sound; and if tiny should happen to be brok

y must cause the same, at the costs and charges of th . be well

and strongly repaired. In like manner also, they must have a strong bench made in the middle of the hall, with seats for three, the same to stand in tin middle of the hall, opposite the great seat of his lordship the Kin-;; and upon this the Mayor and Barons of the City are to be seated, when making answer unto his lordship the King and his Justiciars as to PS which pertain unto the Crown.

\ V 1 1 1 .

ug that it is quite impossible for the Barons and the body of ri: 1 jjiidon to do otherwise in the Pleas of the Crown than pass through the Is i if the King and his Justiciars, it is matter of necessity that the >ns and all t vns should court their favour and good will ; by

making ample presents to them, that is to say, and to their clerks ; set that the ancestors of the Barons ami i iti/ens of London, who, in their day, so manfully and so strenuously ruled and defended the City, and and ( ustoms of London, were wont to do the same. And th« ivt'oiv, foniMiiuch as it is no dishonour or disgrace for us to follow in tin- footsteps of our ancestors who in former times shewed such tact, it can only be to our advantage to do the same as they did ; to the end that l-\ .•'••-•: -us raised by such persons the citizens may not be molested and di-turl>ed; but on the contrary, in the enjoyment of th

ics may peacefully be maintained.

< nvriiK XIX. Uould be made of the Mayor and Barons of the City, who

54 PRAISES OF TIM-. ( ITY OF 1.OM" [B. i. Pt. n.

are the presenters and finders of homicides, murders, or other misadven- tures, by common counsel [of the authorities] answer should be made to the following effect : — That although the usage of the realm is such without the City, still in London there is no presenter or finder of such matters as are before written, and this in accordance with the ancient usages and liberties of this city. For that in a city so populous as this, occurrences of such a nature can by no possibility be concealed; seeing that, before intimation thereof could be given to the bailiffs, tidings of such matters would be spread far and wide from end to end of the City. And that therefore there is no such person kept in the City, nor of u> hath been wont to be ; but the only mode of gaining such information is through the common people of the City.1

2Among the noble cities of the world which fame has rendered illus- trious, the City of London is the one principal seat of the realm of England which diffuses far and wide the celebrity of its name. It is happy in the salubrity of its climate, in the enjoyment of the Christian religion, in its liberties so well deserved, and in its foundation at a most ancient date. Indeed, according to the testimony of the chronicles, it is much older than the City of Rome ; for, springing from the same more ancient Trojans, London was founded by 3Brut, in imitation of great Troy, before the foundation of Rome by Remus and Romulus ; whence it is that, even to this day, it possesses the liberties, rights, and customs of that ancient city Troy, and enjoys, its institutions. For it has its senatorial rank as well as its minor magistracies ; it has also its annual Sheriffs as a substitute for Consuls. All persons too that come here, of whatever con- dition they may be, whether freemen or serfs, obtain a refuge here, as well as protection and liberty. Nearly all the bishops, abbots, and nobles of England are citizens, as it were, and denizens of this city, having here celebrated mansions of their own.

These and very many other noteworthy particulars in reference to the most noble City of London, are set forth in folios 98 and 99 of an ancient

1 " These matters are entered in the Book mencing lines are an adaptation fr..m I called 'Ordinances of the Her."' Marginal Stephen's di

Note in a later hand. This book is still pro- Henry II.

served at GuildhalL 8 The story of Brut, and th- f.inn.l.tti-.n by

2 The whole of this passage, down to him of Loml i«-y of ' Horn/ is written in a later hand. The com- Monmouth.

»HE>H Ql PROPOSED M THI HER. 55

book, intituled the ' JBook of Records' of the said city; as also in folio 93 of a book belonging to the said city, intituled ' Xpeculum,' and in folio t the book intituled ' Horn/

QUESTIONS PROPOSED AT THB ITER. FO!.I»A.

Questions put to the citizens of London at the Totcer on the occasion of the

7 Henry, in the fifth year of his reign, before Hubert de K and his associates, etc. ; as also the- Answers of the citizens thereto. The same are also enrolled in the Her of King Henry at the Tower, before the same Hubert, etc., in the fifteenth year of the said King Henry.

Question I. Archbishops, Bishops, Earls, and Barons, and others who hold rents in London arising from tenements of any kind, — in case they cannot obtain their rents, how are they to recover such rents F

Answer. It is answered and allowed, that if anything can be found upon the land held in fee by means whereof distraint may be made, the same may be distrained for such arrears. But if not, the tenant must be im- pleaded in sOavelet by a certain writ of services and customs, so that, in case the tenant acknowledges such 4service, he must make satisfact

liwith. But if he deny such st i 10 demandant will have to

name his suit, or, in other words, two witnesses ; such names to be duly

. and [the demandant] Ho have a day for producing them at the

next Hustings. Upon which day, if he produces such witnesses, and by

a proof is made that, in tln-lr sight and hearing, the demandant has received rent ; then, in such ea*e, the tenant shall l«.se his i're, and the defendant shall recover his land in demesne. But if, before this, [the truant] shall have acknowledged the service and arrears, he shall pay double such arrears, and shall give the Sheriff one hundred shillings

uay of amercement. I'M it in case [the tenant] shall not appear at the

From the wcmU«A*jt»H found. No book with Urn title » now in the

faintly interlined, »* would Mem that poMeanon of the City of London. The L

thu ui the umo work, * portion of which i* Horn u .till preeerved at Guildhall.

U.iiii.1 up with th. (;ml,lliaU Liber <*+ • A writ M to recovery of renU in the

toman**; Mother portion being contained Com up in London ; » called from

,1 UM Saxon yorW, » ymriy payment

« /.«.rentienrioe.

< Or Jttrrvr. It u povibU that Horn's * The reading i» properly 'AoAeH* •** *<* Mirror ../ J,,*,c,, may be meant* though in the printed copy no such |«Mage is to be

56 LTOOBNBYI \M> HHtm M -mi RUHIHGS. LB. i. n. «..

Hustings upon the third summons, then the fee shall be delivered to the demandant, to be held by him for a year and a day ; within which time, if the tenant shall come to him and shall offer to satisfy him in double the arrears, and to pay one hundred shillings to the Sheriff1, in such case he shall recover his land. But if not, after the year and day expired, the land shall remain in demesne unto the lord, so making claim, for ever : and in such case, the land is called ' lforsshard; ' because for subtraction of service it is to remain unto the lord in demesne for ever.

In the same way it shall be, in cases where [the tenant] acknowledges arrears of service and is unable to make satisfaction as to the same.

Question II. How is an attorney to be admitted at the 2Hustings ?

Answer. It should be known, that if any foreigner, dwelling without the City, holds lands within the City, and is impleaded as to his tenement by writ of his lordship the King, he may rightfully appoint his attorney by writ of his lordship the King; and he shall be admitted. But in case any foreigner shall wish to implead one of the citizens, he may not appoint his attorney in any way ; for in such case it would be in his power, whether justly or unjustly, to annoy any citizen he might please, and to molest them one and all.

Question III. 4As to making essoins at the Hustings. — How comes it to be the usage, that if a person demands the warranty of the essoiner, and the employer of such essoiner makes the warranty, such employer shall have another day for making answer at the end of a fortnight ?

Answer. It should be known, that it is provided and granted, that in case a demandant demands the warranty of the essoiner, and it is a tenant who makes such warranty, he shall immediately make answer in a plea of land. So too shall it be in the Court of the 5Sokes.

6 Question. — As to Sokereves appointed by the Archbishops and others

1 More generally written 'forsdioC or '/<>/•«• * Places in the City of independent juris-

ctofe,' old English for 'foreclosed.' diction. The Sokereve* were the rent

• The ancient City Court so call. ,1. lectors of the superior lords.

8 7. e. a person not a citizen. ' The text of Liber All/us at thi* i»'int is

4 The reading here is evidently corrupt ; most corrupt ; and that of tin /,//«/• .17

and that in the Liber .' ./////, at rnn>ln,-utn at < iuildhall (fun/: K«l\v. II.), folios

fiuildhall, though of earlier date, is apparently 32 and 127, has U-t n \

worse. The passage is difficult of interpreta- two copies in that volume. tion.

TlltM .11 I IN I (.1 I

who hold Sokes in London — if they may plead? and where ought tht •;. plead in case their rente are in arrear, seeing that they are presented at tin.- Hustings by their lords, and are admitted to the custody of the Soke 1>\ tin Hustings, and for the purpose of collecting their rente?

Anttcer. In answer to which, it should be known, that they may right- fully make their Sokereves tlu-ir attorneys at the Hustings ; and there, at such Hustings, they ought to plead, as is before stated, by writ of c'let. And it should be further known, that no plea of Ga\< 1, t ought to be held so long as anything may be found upon the fee whereby distraint may be made to suffice for the arrears of such n-nt-sci".

Question IV. If a Writ of Right of his lordship the King should come into such Court as to any land, and the tenant make default, how shall he be distrained to answer as to the land and such default? by taking the land into the hand of the lord of the fee, or by placing it in the hand of the demandant, or in what <>tht r way ?

Answer. It is answered and allowed, that although, on default made on the first day of holding the plea, it is [not] the usage to place the land in the hands ot mandant, — as indeed that would be unjust, at the

first default, — yet after three summonses the land shall be taken into the hand of the lord of the fee ; and such land shall remain in his hand until t hf next Court held at the end of a fortnight, care being taken that the tenant is summoned to appear at such Court to make answer as to such i ult and the original plea. Upon which day, if he shall not appear, seisin of the said land shall be awarded to the demandant by reason of (Limit. Hut it he shall appear, and shall at the hour appointed, giving due security, demand his land, then judgment shall be given thereon in the same Cou

Question V. If a demandant shall complain of miscarriage [of ju> in a 'Court, enquiry is made, how shall he prove the same P

Answer. To this it is answered and allowed, that if any one shall come to the Court of Hustings, and shall make complaint of a miscarriage

Ifcutefth . .,.,; ... i 9«fc .t Magd -...!....., ml ;.:,.-..;

58 I'KVTI. g OF THE SOK1 <. [B. i. I't. u.

of justice in any Court, such person, accompanied by a Serjeant of the City, shall be sent back to the Court in which such plea was tried. And it' lu« ran there prove by the oath of two men, who can aver that they themselves have heard and seen that in such Court there has been, as against him, a miscarriage of justice, in such case the tenant shall be summoned to appear at the next Hustings ; and there the said plea shall be held.

Question VI. After proof of such miscarriage in a Court, is the truant at liberty to return to the Court from which he has so come, or not ?

Answer. It is answered and agreed, that he may not ; for that, if such were the case, no plea could be determined either in the Hustings or in such Court.

Question VII. Enquiry is made, if the *lord may waive his Court so as not to entertain a certain suit, and then again entertain such suit ?

Answer. Answer is made, that he may not ; for that, if he were at liberty to do so, it would thence follow that when a given suit was set down for judgment in any Court and carried on to the end, at the moment when the demandant ought of right to recover the land which he de- mands, the lord of the Court might maliciously waive his Court ; so that the tenant would gain a remission thereby, and the demandant would have to begin his suit afresh.

Question VIII. May the bailiff of a 2lord hold pleas without his lord?

Ansicer. It is answered and allowed, that he clearly may ; for if such bailiff shall not act according to justice, the demandant shall be fully at liberty to prove such miscarriage and to come to the Hustings, as before. And besides, it is the lord's Court that is to do justice, and not the lord.

As to proof of miscarriage in such a Court : — It is answered and allowed, that if a person comes to the Hustings and complains of a miscarriage of justice, he shall be sent back to the Court in which he so appeared. And if he can prove by two men, who have heard and seen, before a serjeant of the City sent for the purpose, that in such Court there has i against

1 Of a Soko or place of separate jurisdiction. <n

i 1 Y.

him, a mi-carriage of ju hall he held in the Hustings,

and there tl shall be sunimoi;

ton IX. y «,f the < rniine the plaints of

-ons passing through tl.> ho cannot mak<- an\ -ueh

•us, that is to say, as a: i ' -pepoudrous,' as to debts due or in-

juries dene to them? or n 'he sitting of th> _rs?

I is answered, that of usage - as are not holden out

of the Court of Hustings. But it is further provided and agreed, t in future tl, and Sheriffs, assisted by two or three Aldermen, shall

hear sueh plaint*, and tliat immediately, from day to day, if the Court shall not be sitting on such day : and justice shall be done therein without .y, irropeetive of tl:< i^S.

Question X. If a person demands land or claims a right against a man and his wife, how many 3essoins may they have, 1 1 aimer a : ' o essoin themselves ?

Answer. It is answered, that a man and his wife shall have jointly three summonses and three essoins. In such manner, that is, that if the husband once essoins himself, she must appear ; and then afterwards, if she essoins herself, he must appear. And the third time, whichever of the two shall think proper so to do, is at liberty to essoin ; alt h essoin,

both 11 must appear together and make answer. ise they will

*lost -use. For they can have hut three essoins, either jointly or

; illy, just as they may please.

XI. If a man and his wife make demand against a person,

tenant to essoin himself as against them, by one sessoi or h\

It is ansu it he may do so by one essoincr o;

<>• ' , XII. If a wi.loxv has her 'free-lxneh, and the huil.lin-s

1 / .'. the Sheriff*, who were so called at ' * and

an i-.ii!\ {'< i I'M I. not * jtr(ftlicnnt : see Lrtotr JftmontttnomiHi

•'. <butr/ool ; from wh ucx.nl- ff. 34, 129.

to some, our * < * An agent or attorney, whoee sole bonnen

i later period ;*>;»»• v* to proffer e»ouu for defendant*, and

< were confined solely to Fair*. to mtpport them before the Court

1 Excuse* for non-attendance, ihniiieil ad- •Mbit tn a Cow* of L»«.

60

WIDOWS i I;KK-I;I:N( ii. [B. i. rt.

become ruinous, who ought to repair or maintain them, the heir or the widow ?

Answer. It is ans\vered, that when a woman has her free-bench and receives a building in good repair, she shall maintain it in tin sumo condition, so that through default on the widow's part it may not fall down. But if an old building at the death of her husband is on the point of falling down, in such case the heir, if he have the means of repairing it, shall maintain it, and after that, the mistress. And if, after the husband's death, there shall be many buildings held in free-bench, and the wife of the deceased shall be unable or unwilling to maintain them all, such as she shall be willing to maintain, let her retain, and so maintain. And as to those which she shall decline to maintain, she is to surrender them to the heir, saving always to such woman right of ingress and egress thereunto ; and the same to the heir as to the buildings which she shall retain. Provided always, that where heirs make grievous complaints as to the disrepair of buildings, the widow may make her plaint in full Hustings, and thereupon lawful men shall be sent by the Mayor and Sheriffs to such buildings, neighbours and others, who shall view the disrepair of such houses : and if they shall see that the 2heirs, according to their view, have justly made complaint, then a reasonable day shall be given to the woman for repairing that which requires repair. But if by that day she shall not have done so, let justice be done therein.

But if it shall be considered by the lawful men aforesaid that the heirs have unjustly made complaint, the Sheriffs shall do justice therein.

Question XIII. What is the ' Old Judgment/ and what is the process for obtaining this Old Judgment ?

Answer. It is answered, that the process of ' Old Judgment ' is issued on the first day, as to medleys without bloodshed and petty debts. The usage as to which is, that the persons accused are not wont to be attached, unless found in the middle of the street and in the highway ; but not in houses or under penthouses. It is provided however and allowed, that persons so accused, if they are found in a Soke of his lordship the King a ft IT summons made upon them, may, by award 8there made, be seized and

1 The wonl • mnlitnue1 hardly seems to imply • This word i in the singular.

4 maliciously ' in this case. 3 In the Court of M,

D\N r, i

Court, to make answer as to the sa:

it' Midi persons are found in other Sokes, requisition may he made of tli< 11 of such Soke as to whether he is willing to produee the

accused at ti • • ; und if not, then such parties shall be compelled

[to make answer], as in other places.

fan X I \ often, and for how many days, may judgments be

« y are deliv» :

rer. To this it is answered, that they may be respited three times only, unless for some reasonable cause.

Qurxfion XV. If persons are summoned by the Bailiffs of the City, to hear a precept of his lordship the King or to transact the business of tin- City by holding Common Council, and do not attend or shew sufficient cause for their absence, ought the business to remain unfinished by reason of the ;ult of such persons ? or are they to have some punishment inflicted, by way of amercement or in some other manner ? And if they are to be amerced, what ought such amercement to be, and how large?

An«icer. To this it is answered, that the business shall not remain unfinished for the default of three, four, five, or six Aldermen or others ; but, on the con H shall bo completed by those who are present

Hut no one shall be amerced for such default ; though they may not with- draw themselves except for some reasonable cause.

XVI. May a tenant who holds land of another so obstruct the ingress thereto that the owner of the fee cannot make entry to his to distrain upon the same i-n the me to him, if necessary P

Answer. To this it is answered, that ho may n« f It anyone shall complain of such obstruction, he shall have ingress given to him by judg- ment, or else sufficient seeurity shall be found hin dering unto him

his service at the tim. due.

Question XVII. What is the course of law where a person claims a right in land which a woman holds in dower? Is she herself to be

ty Court * /. f. rent ; otherwise called 'rent-tern

•.I'ahailiff.

62 ESTOH'KI. OF KIClir IN A MARRIT'.M WOMAN. [B. i. Pt. n.

impleadcd and then to ] vouch the heir of her lord to warranty, or oiiijht the heir to be impleaded, she herself being neither summoned nor named in the .writ ?

Answer. To this it is answered, that the writ ought to issue as against the woman, and then she must vouch the heir to warranty. And if tin heir shall be of age when so vouched to warranty, he shall answer. But if he shall be under age, then the suit shall stand over until such heir shall have come of age. If however the woman shall maliciously choose of her own accord to make answer without the heir, and be convicted tli upon, she shall lose the land so demanded ; and the same shall be delivered to the heir, and such heir shall answer of right upon the same writ.

Question XVIII. If a man, with his wife, demands land in right of such wife, in the Hustings or in some other Court in the City, and the suit is brought to a conclusion by judgment or by arrangement made, may such woman, after her husband's death, be reinstated in her plea ?

Answer. To this it is answered and allowed, that that which by judg- ment given a husband and his wife shall lose, the wife shall never recover by plea after the decease of her husband. But if any arrangement shall be proposed between them in the Court of Hustings, enquiry ought to be made of the woman in full Hustings whether she will agree to such arrangement or not. And if she does agree to it, she shall never recover. But if she shall decline such arrangement, then no such arrangement shall be entered into as between her and the 2other party, and it shall be binding during her husband's life ; and after her husband's death she shall have such recovery as she [rightfully] ought to have. In other Courts however within the City there is no record kept of such suits, but only in the Hustings,

Here begin the Heads of the Pleas of the City of London

at tJie Tower, in the eight-and-twenticth year of King 7/< ///•// aforesaid.

I. Of essoins of the death of a man, and of the servants of the Barons of the City before mentioned ....... [67].

1 /. f. call upon. mand.int ;' luit, as staU-<l ;i' tin-

2 In the original it is 'pdentcm,' 'the de- woiiia . man-hint.

HEADS OF PI.l \s U't]i>]\ \i ^'KH. Q^

II. Of the manner in wlmh the Justiciary ou^-Iit to begin to hold r Picas [68].

I 1 1. That Heads of Arti uning unto the Crown of his lordship King should be d- unto the < -tc. . . . [68].

IV. The Heads of Articles * . . . [69]. V. Answer of the Barons to tin- Heads of Art id* s uf,,iv>ai<l [71].

VI. Of former Pleas of the Crown

VII. Of the answers that were made Sheriffs of the tenth year

of Kin- ll.-nry [72].

VIII. Of examination on homicide conceded to tl. iars [72],

IX. Of wines seized in the King's behalf .... [73].

X. Of an appeal of rape committed on a woman . . [74].

XI. Of a man who was found slain at the door of a certain priest in

the Soke of Comhulle [75].

Matters of the ^ticelflh year considered in the said I

XII. Of a certain man who fled to the church of Suthworko, and 10 abjured the realm before the Chamberlain and Sheriffs of Lon- don . . [76].

XIII. Of a certain man who was wounded at Douegato . [76]. XI V. < ry of the chattels of felons ....

Of the thirteenth year.

V. Of non-attachment of men who are not in the City . [7S\

XVI. Qf i IM.V \\ ho was drowned while watering two horses,

tig dragged into the water bj one of them .... ["*.'•

XV II. of wager of law upon the death of a man . , . [79].

\\III. That no one may be in the City for [more than] three night*

together out of frankpledge [><•'.

X IX. Of a certain woman who was beaten [to death] . . [s" ' XX. Of wager of law with seven compurgators in a case of

[81].

XXI. O ho law . . [81].

XXII. Of naming the day [for trial] . [81].

1 /. '. That had oocurn-»l in the 12th yt*r of Hcnrv 111

04 HKVDS <)F 1'I.KA" H<>I.1»I\ \1 '1 I IF. ToNVF.i:. 1't. n.

Of the fifteenth year.

XXIII. Of escapes of felons from churches . . .

XXIV. Of the answer made by John de Coudres as to lite and limb, and the liberties of the City ....... [83].

XXV. That a youth under age shall not be made amenable t«> judgment . . ..... [83].

XXVI. Of the term of forty days given for answer to an ap- peal [S4J

Matters of the eighteenth year considered in the said Iter.

XXVII. That the Constable of the Tower of London and the Sheriffs, with the Aldermen, may receive abjuration of the realm, though the Chamberlain be absent ........

Of the nineteenth year. XXVIII. Of wines sold contrary to the Assize . . . [85].

Of the t wen firth year.

XXIX. Of a horse which, by an act of folly on part of a certain man, caused the death of a boy ...... [86].

Of the one-and-ticentieth year. XXX. Of an appeal for abortion caused .... [86].

Of the tico-and-ticentic/h year.

XXXI. Of Inquisition made by the Constable of the Tower as to the death of Jews ........ [87].

Of the three-and-ticentieth year. XXXII. Of amercement of a frankpledge . . . [88].

Of the four-and-ticentieth year.

XXXIII. Of Inquisition held upon the death of a person, slain by one unknown, who took to flight, and it is not known what became of him .... . [88].

LDfl Of i'l F \- HOI TOWER.

XXXIV. Of one irho •] be realm . . . [MI .

XXXV. asing women on bail by sureties until the I tor of the

Justiciars, for felony committed by their suggestion, counsel, and assent,

as it is asserted [89].

XXXVI. Of neglect of custody of those who have fled to the Foi. 27 A. Church [89].

Of the Jice-and-twentieth yen

XXXVII. Of wager of law with two-and-forty men, in the case of

strangers, for homicide within the City ..... [90].

XXXVIII. Of a certain person who remained upon the spot after he

had mortally wounded his wife, and was not attached . . [91].

XXXIX. That the Chamberlain of the City keeps a record [91].

XL. That wager of law for homicide must be made on the morrow

after electing such law [92].

Of the six-and-ttcentieth year.

XLI. Of amercement of the Sheriffs because they did not make Inquisition in the place where the man was wounded, but only where he found dead [93].

Of the 8even-fin</-(tcrnticth year.

XLII. Of a person drowned in the Thames, who fell by accident from

a boat [94].

XLIII. That strangers ought to be acquitted of homicide, by two- and-forty men; and of wager of the Great Law for a man free of

the City , [94].

XLIV. Of an appeal of abduction of a minor under age and in guardianship, who was carried off and imprisoned, and died in prison [D-V.

>XLV. That wager of buttle does not lie between two persons who are free of the City, unless they both consent thereto . . [97].

\ I . V I. Of one who was attached by sureties until the holding of the Pleaa of the Crown, the accuser dying in the meantime . [97 J.

1 At this point, to all Appearance, the record* mattere of a miscellaneous nature are entered

•Itiii it,, ,.! th, -JM!, 11.1, > in MM . nd >-••>.

6G m \l>- (M AI;I i, i i -. 1: t. rt. ii.

XL VII. Of Pleas of the Crown in the City of London . . [98] .

XL VI II. That no one shall be put upon trial by the Great Law

except for the death of a man [99].

XLIX. That a person accused in Pleas of the Crown may del'i-nd

himself as against the King with six compurgators . . . [100].

L. That the Sheriffs must hold Inquisition as to the deaths of

persons within the City . . [100],

LI. That a person accused of homicide ought not to be attached,

unless the accuser finds sureties to prosecute .... [100].

LII. The ancient custom of bail by sureties . . . [101].

LIII. Of death of the accused before the holding of the Pleas of the

Crown [101].

LIV. Of outlawry of the accused at the Folkmote, at suit of the

accusers ; and not otherwise, unless by consent of the Justiciars [101] .

LV. That the Sheriff must put disseisors upon good sureties, who

have disseised a person without judgment given . . . [101].

LYI. Of the Assize established in the realm by his lordship the

King as to recognizance of Novel Disseisin . . . . [101].

LVII. Of robbery and breach of the peace . . . [102].

LVIII. Of suretyship for a person in a cause which pertains unto the

Crown [102].

LIX. Of a certain man who slew his wife . . . [103], LX. That no one of a liberty out of the jurisdiction hold a Court

with less than twelve freemen [103].

LXI. Of the answer [to be made] to a certain question [touching

the liberties of the City] [103].

LXII. Of Articles touching his lordship the King, to be mentioned at the I ter of the Justiciars ....... [104].

LXIII. Of holding the Folkmotes .... [105].

LXIV. Of distresses made by the Sheriffs . . . [106].

LXV. Of admitting claims on proof of testaments . . [107].

LXVI. Of due execution made by the bailiff when he has

Fol. 27 B.

made sequestration on a person, and such person allows the

sequestration to be made, but refuses to be amenable to justice [107].

LXVII. That no one who removes and withdraws his goods shall enjoy

free summons to plead ........ [107].

MTiliHiMi OP ESflOnfS AT THE ITER. 67

I . X V 1 1 1 . That appraisers of pledges in the Court of the Mayor or of the SI M riffs shall have them at the price assessed, unless the demandant -hall choose to take them ....... [108].

LXIX. A certain ordinance as to the keys of Newgate and the Cocket ........ ... [108].

LXX. The verdict of the Aldermen as to the testament of Osbert de Suffolk .......... [108].

LXX I. Of a certain writ sent to the prelates of the Province of

Canterbury, to be treated of in the Council of that Province . [109].

LXXTL Of matters to be treated of in such Council as to the

Templars .......... [110].

LXXIII. Of matters to be treated of in the said Council for the good of the realm and of the Church ....... [HI]-

LXXIY. Of the answer made to the Articles as to the Templars [112].

LXX.V. Of the answer made to the Articles as to the public

good ...... [112].

LXXVI. The Charter of King Edward, son of King Edward, to the Friars Preachers ....... . [113].

Pleas of the City of London holden at the Tower of London, a fortnight after Easter Day in the eight-and-ticentieth year of the reign of King Ifenry, son of King John.

CHAPTER I. Of essoins of the death of a man.

Before William de York, Provost of Beverley, Jeremiah de Caxtone, and Henry de Bath. And it should be known, that during the eighteen yean previously expired there had been no Pleas holden of the City of London.

It should also be known, that whereas 1es8oins of the death of a man used to be received during three days before the Justiciors began to hold the Pleas, on the present occasion such cssoins were not admitted ; and thi* was by the determination of such Justiciars. It should also be known, that it was conceded unto the 'Barons of London that, so soon* as they should begin to plead, they should have their own porter without the gate «»f the Tower of London ; and the porter of his lordship th< King was to

excttMt made for the non-attend- * The Aldermen, a« abo probably the ance of a defendant, by reaaon of hi* death. other teaanto in otptfc in th«

F 2

68 mi • : i> i in i ; : [B. i. pt.

be within such gate. And in like manner, they were to him* tlu-ir own 1 usher without the door of tin- hnl! \vhnv they \v«/iv to plead, for thr purpose of introducing the Barons and others of the City who should h to plead, and of whom he should have knowledge ; and the usher of his lordship the King was to be within the hall. And also, they were to have their own 2 Serjeants, with their wands ; and no serjeant, on part of his lordship the King, was in any way to interfere before the Justiciars, in so far as the office of serjeant was concerned.

CHAPTER II. \0f the manner in which the Justiciars ought to begin to hold

their Pleas.']

Question. In the first place, enquiry was made of the Mayor, Cham- berlain, Sheriffs, and other dignitaries of the City, how ought the Justiciars to begin to hold their Pleas ?

Answer. Whose answer was, that in the first place Heads of those Articles ought to be delivered, as to which it would be their duty to make answer, in reference to Pleas pertaining unto the Crown of his lordship the King.

CHAPTER III. \That Heads of Articles pertaining unto the Crown should be delivered unto the Mayor.]

Question. After this, enquiry was made of them, to whom ought such Heads of Articles to be delivered ? and ought those to whom they should be delivered, to make oath as to speaking the truth upon the Articles bearing reference to such Heads or not ?

Answer. "Whose answer 8was, that such Heads of Articles ought to be delivered unto the Mayor, without such Mayor making any oath thereon : and that such Mayor, with the counsel of the older, lawful, and discreet men of the City, will make answer unto such of the aforesaid Heads as concern the City ; and the Sheriffs, in like manner, unto such Heads as concern their own time [of office] ; due care being taken that, in vi of the allegiance by which they are bound unto his lordship the King, and

1 So called from such duty ; and from the extracts from the original records, the present

old Fr. huy*, a door. and past tenses are used indiscriminately ; but,

/. e. servants or inferior officers. f»r the sake of •>, in this translation

3 In the Latin, which evidently consists of the past tense is always adopted.

KBADfl

•v \\\i it'll they lia\ tru;! ujgj.

. yor who shall make answer for , shall answer satisfactorily

all persons of the community shall so 1 of sm-h an-\

go ; if he shall answ. :id be convicted

thereupon, OK -hall he at fault in any m:» hin^ tlie communii

tli« City, th.-n the whole of the community for whom he so makes an> shall [in like | .ult.

i tlie Mayor and all the men of the City averred, that such wa usage before the ]war, as well in the time of Kin^ John and Ki as in the time of King Henry, th.-ir tatli. r. And tic reupon, the Heads of d unto the Mayor, in form as follows : —

Ci i V . [ The Heads of Articles so delivered.]

of tlir (>•»•.• !i have been formerly holdm :

•ciars of his lordship the King, and have not been determined.

Pleas of the Crown which have since arisen, in time of peace. Of those who a : ;vy of his lordshij ig,

11 any sum. Of debts that were due unto his lordship King John, father of his lord-

• ur. dun; such di

i who w. :s, and \v' now] dead; and [if so]

in or in possession of their goods.

Of thoH< Inn the liluTtii s <»f the City, have maliciously levelled or

lui rut the houses of any persons, against the p<

Who such persons are, and to whom su< h houses belonged, and wl . have n. he persons so guilty, Vave of his lord-

ig.

li liirth and of <1 who oupht •

in the wardship of his lordship the Kin_ir. f ^ame have been

•married, or are marriageabl* >uve been married, to whom,

and by whom, and what is the val nds.

Baroiu. U- to an arbitrary fine, or amerce to considerable emolument* on

70 HEADS OF ARTICLES DELIVERED. IB ' Pt- >'

Of 'serjeanties of his lordship the King ; what they are, and who holds the same, and through whom, and of what nature such serjeanties are, and what is thq, value thereof.

Of churches which are, and which ought to be, in the gift of his lordship the King; and which are such churches, and who holds them, and through whom.

Of ^escheats of the Jews, arising from tenements held as well by Jews as by Christians ; and who now holds such tenements, and through whom, and by what service, and what is the value thereof.

Of 3purprestures made upon his lordship the King, by land or by water, either within the liberties [of the City] or elsewhere, wherever they may be.

Of measures made statutable and sworn throughout the realm, whether the same have been observed in manner provided. And whether the wardens of such measures have in time of peace taken reward of any one, that so by 'Hhem he might buy or sell ; and this is to be understood of all measures, of ell-measures as well as weights. And whether the assize as to the breadth of cloth has been observed in manner provided.

Of wines sold contrary to the assize.

Of treasures-trove.

Of Sheriffs and other Bailiffs who have held Pleas of the Crown, and what those pleas were.

Of Christian usurers who have died, who they were, and what chattels they had.

Of chattels withheld belonging to merchants subjects of the King of France, who holds the same.

Of chattels of Jews who have been slain, and of their securities, and deeds, and debts, who holds the same.

Of forgers and clippers of the coin.

Of the Mint and Exchange of his lordship the King ; namely, who has made exchanges without [leave of] his lordship the King or of his bailiffs.

Of malefactors and burglars, and of those who have harboured them in time of peace.

Of fugitives, whether any one has returned since his flight without

1 Tenures by services of various kinds, due * Encroachments and unauthorized appro- to the King as superior lord. priations.

2 Forfeitures of lands and tenements in ' / < . the measures, after being purposely certain cases. falsified.

urn n MAD KTO. 71

warrant for so doing ; and of outlaws and their chattels, who holds the

Of rewards taken for not laying hands upon corn and other cha lest the same might be taken on account of the [Bang's] bailiffs, for the use of the [King's] castles, for a less price than their value ; and in like manner as to Arises.

Of new customs that have been levied in the City, whether by land or by water ; who has levied the same, and where.

Of defaults made ; by those namely who have been summoned before the iciars of his lordship the King, and have not appeared.

Of gaol-deliveries that have been made without warrant of his lord- ship the King or of his Justiciars, in time of peace.

Of persons imprisoned at the will of bailiffs and without reasonable cause, and who have been liberated without warrant.

Of escape of robbers.

Of Christian usurers still living, who they are, and what chattels they have, and what is the value thereof.

Of damages committed, and prises levied, upon strangers ; by whom this has been done, and when, and where, and in whose demesne, and of what tilings.

CHAPTER V. The Anwer of the Barons of the City thereto. 2And be it known, that if it can be proved that such was

A I ' ' ' *

usage in the times of the Kings aforesaid, all the Barons shall be liable to amercement by his lordship the King.

And thus were the Heads of Articles delivered, and they were to make answer on the third day thereafter as to the Articles that bore reference to the Heads aforesaid. On the third day they appeared, and made answer. And hereupon appeared Simon Fitz-Mary, and made offer unto his lordship the King of one hundred marks, that so City might be

holden and pleaded in manner as they were pleaded in the times of King Richard and King John. And [thereupon] they were admitted [to plead],

of wines or victuals in the King's reference to the

nAine. of tl

* This passage belongs properly to the liable to amerces heads of Articles above rented. It bears

72 KEft PLKAfl OP THE < (B. i.rt.n.

and he placed all his goods in pledge for due pay in out of such hundred marks.

Afterwards appeared the Mayor, and as to former Pleas of the Crown hi» said, in manner set forth below.

CHAPTER VI. Of former Pleas of the Crown.

As to former Pleas of the Crown [the Mayor and Aldermen] said, that it was the usage for the Justiciars to make for them a copy of the rolls of the preceding Iter, that so by inspection of such rolls they might be able to be certified as to such former Pleas ; a thing that [now] was wholly denied them, as being contrary to law. And the Mayor said, that in such case he knew not how to make answer, and that such former Pleas of the Crown were holden before other Justiciars,1 and were not determined, — as will be set forth below. Accordingly, judgment was given thereon against the Mayor and Barons. Also, it should be known, that the Mayor and Aldermen of the City make answer as to all Articles concerning the Crown of his lordship the King, new pleas excepted ; as to which the Chamberlain and Sheriffs have to make answer, as will be set forth hereafter.

CHAPTER VII. Answers made by [former'] Sheriffs.

In the tenth year of the reign of King Henry, son of King John, the Pleas were ended about the Feast of Saint George [23 April] : and al'u-r that time, Martin Fitz- William and Roger le Due were Sheriffs for half a year ; and before such time they were Sheriffs for a year and a half, and as to that time they made answer before the Justiciars. And now appeared William Fitz-Roger and John Viel, and made answer for such Sheriffs, who had since died; and John la Persone made answer for Thomas Blunville, who was then Chamberlain and had since died.

CHAPTER VIII. Allegation made Jiereupon by the Mayor and Barons, that the Justiciars ought not to examine any one as to the death of a person, hut only the Chamberlains and Sheriffs. But afterwards they conc< <l< </ that the Justiciars should make such examination.

In the same year, the same persons being Chamberlain and SI u riffs, 1 The whole of this passage seems to be in a mutilated .-•

\M\: 73

a certain man, Turmk l>v name, was found dead in the house of Henry Bisshop. And because it was : n, nor could it be asci i -tain<-d through

Inquisition that was mad i- l»y the Chamberlain and Sheriffs, win •

h person had died by misadventure or l>\ Bisshop and

Roger de Aungre, a neighbour, being Attached for that death, appeared ; and

it was the wish of the Justiciars to examine them in private as to such death.

the Mayor and Barons said, that examination as to the death of a man

> not belong to them, but only to the Chamberlains and t iffe;

nor would tiny permit any such examination to be made. Therefore

conference was to be held [by the Justiciars] thereupon. Also, 2Payen le

Dubbour, one of the neighbours, was attached for that death. Hr did not

appear, and he had been attached on the bail of Henry le Paumer and

Richard de Coudres. Therefore they were to be amerced.

iis, Pay en appeared, and afterwards appeared the Mayor and

citizens of London; and they fully conceded that in future the Justiciars

might hold such ln<iuisitions at their own will, notwithstanding any

had been made by the Chamberlain and Sheriffs. And the

accused were examined, and they were not held in suspicion in any way,

nor yet any one else. Judgment, — ' Misad ' But, upon examination

MIII. it was proved that * :hree men lying in bed with him

•i he died, and that the Chamberlain and Sheriffs did not attach those

tore [those officials] were 8amerced.

CHAPTER IX. Of wines seined in the King's belm

In til-- same year, it happened that, upon cry raised by the u'hbours, a tun of wine was found in the cellar of Simon

:•»• many tuns of wine had been sold against the assize. And upon si; :lu- Chamberlain and Sheriffs seized the said tun into

hand of his L.nKhip the King, and sold it for forty shillings to his use ; for which sum t its made answer.

1 Person* attached on suspicion were in • A surname meaning ' the Dubber,* a fur-

^'••nrnil .ill"\\- «1 t" _•• .it l.ir-i . in tli-- mt«-i\,il l.i-li.-t up ,.\ oldolotihaA

trial, n]H,n surety or bail. On com* J In the persona of their representative*,

mission of a murder by a person unknown, mentioned in the pM**»«iiw Chapter.

u< the usage to attach all the neigh- \, rer-at-home ;* s surname evi- hours, aa A matter of courst-.

74 Am \i. OF iv \i [B- i.rt. n.

O/" /A0 remainder of the tenth year [of King Henry III.]

Be it known, that on the morrow of the Translation of Saint Thomas the Martyr [7 July] when Thomas de Blunville was Chamberlain, Martin Fitz- William and Roger le Due resigned their office, and Henry Fitz-Anchere was made Chamberlain ; who had since died, and his son Richard answered for him. And Stephen Bukerel was then made Sheriff, who now appeared ; and in like manner Henry de Gotham was made Sheriff, who did not appear ; and he was still living, but no one made answer for him, as above stated.

And Richard and Stephen made answer for their time [of office] as follows. —

CHAPTER X. Of an l appeal of rape.

They said, that upon the Feast of Saint Ethelburga [11 October] Emma, the daughter of Walter de Coggeshale, appealed Gregory, the son of Master Gregory, the physician, for that he had ravished her by force and violated her. And in like manner she appealed Richard, the son of Thomas the image-maker, of aiding and abetting therein.

And Richard and Gregory now appeared, and Emma did not appear ; and she had found sureties for prosecuting her appeal, namely, Richard the baker and John de Keningtone, baker. Therefore they were -adjudged to be amerced, and Emma to be taken into custody. And after this, enquiry was made of the Mayor and citizens, whether they were aware that an understanding had been come to between them : who said, upon their oath and in virtue of the fealty in which they were bound unto his lordship the King, that they had been reconciled. Being further asked, whether they considered that Gregory was guilty of the said deed, they said that he was not guilty. They said also, that the person who was appealed of aiding and abetting had not entered into any compromise, nor was he guilty; therefore he was acquitted, and Gregory 3was orden <1 into custody. He was fined half a mark, being but a poor man, Simon Fitz- Mary and John de Coudres being his sureties.

1 /. e. a charge or accusation. * For entering into an illegal compromise,

2 For not being present to prosecute. on a charge of felony.

Hi A3 TO EXH.l.M.

CIIAPTKR XI. Of tlie shortness of the time allowed far making ^Exigent; and as to the manner of malting such Exigent.

In the same year, the same persons being Chamberlain and Sheriffs, on th«- morrow of Saint Luke the Evangelist [18 October] it happened that Amise, deacon of the church of Saint Peter on 2Cornhulle, was found slain at the door of Martin the priest, in the 3Soke of Cornhulle. Walkelin, a vicar of Saint Paul's, in London, slew him with an *anelace, and took to flight. Thereupon, Martin, John, and William, chaplains of the church of Saint Peter, and Robert, clerk of the same church, who were in the house before the door of which he was found slain, were arrested on suspicion of such death ; and were afterwards delivered to Master John de Ponte, official of the Archdeacon of London, by the aforesaid Chamberlain and Sheriffs, and by James Blund, John de Soby, Bartholomew de Cornhulle, and Walter del Isle, then Aldermen, without warrant for so doing. There- fore judgment was given against them. And as to the other persons who had been attached for that death, they did not appear, as they were dead. Therefore nothing [was due from them].

But as to the aforesaid Walkelin, what was to be done P and were the aforesaid chaplains and clerk to go acquitted of that death, or not ? The Mayor and all the citizens said, that they suspected no one of causing such death, ritluT as aiding or abetting, except Walkelin before-named. Judg- ment therefore was given, that all the others should go acquitted of the death aforesaid ; and that [the Mayor and citizens] should state what, according to the usage and law of the City, should be done aa to the said Walkelin. And because the Chamberlain and Sheriffs had not made sufficient inquisition as to such death, or as to the chattels of the .said NVulkrlin, — judgment was given against them.

Afterwards, the Mayor and citizens appeared, and said that Exigent [of the accused] ought be made at three Courts of Hustings, and after that, upon precept of !ii> l-nUliip the King, he must be outlawed at the •Foikmote at Saint Paul's. But as the Court of Hustings is holden every

1 Or Minimon* to appear to annrer an the ude.

•CornhilL a* a| . • MttatfM of fcqpfrtaBSl

1 < '. place of independent jurisdiction, origin. It WM held at the eart end of St

Paul's Churchyard, and was -**«*™*~\ by 4 A knife or dagger worn in the girdle at • the mote-bell.'

ABjrn.MioN or mi-: i;i MM. IB. i. n.

fortnight, and the time for making Exigent and proceeding to outlawry, as it appeared to the Justiciary, was extremely short, they were to hold con- ference as to how amendment might be made therein. [The accused] Lad no chattels. Judgment, — let him be put in Exigent, and outlawed in such form as the Justiciars shall provide.

Of the twelfth year of King Henry before-named.

CHAPTER XII. Of a certain man who fled to the church of Suttncerkc, and there abjured the realm before the Chamberlain and Sheriffs of London.

In that year, Gervaise le 1Cordewaner being Chamberlain, and the aforesaid persons being Sheriffs, it happened that one Henry de Buke, on the Monday next after the Feast of Saint Ethelburga [11 October], slew one 2Le Ireis le Tyulour in the street of 8Fletebrigge, with a knife, and then fled to the church of Saint Mary in Suthwerke, and, having there acknowledged the deed in presence of the said Chamberlain and Sheriffs, 4 abjured the realm.

[The said Henry] had no chattels. And the Mayor and all the citizens said that no other person was guilty of that death, nor did they hold any one suspected of the same. And because the said Chamberlain and Sheriffs made the aforesaid Henry abjure the realm in the County of Surrey and out of their own liberties, in contravention of the Crown and dignity of his lordship the King, and further, made no attachment for that death, they were therefore to be amerced. Also be it known, that the aforesaid Henry was a stranger, and was not in 5frank-pledgo. Therefore nothing [was to be exacted].

CHAPTER XIII. Of a certain man who was wounded at *Douc(j

In the same year, the same persons being Chamberlain and Sheriffs, it happened on the Sunday next after the Feast of Saint Bartholomew

1 A surname originally denoting a trade. sanctuary.

* Probably meaning * The Irishman, the • A system of suretyship, of Anglo-Saxon Tiler,' or 'Bricklayer.' origin, by which every- t« n m. n I » •came

• Or • Fleet- Bridge-street ;' the old name of sureties to the Crown for the good behaviour Fleet-street. ich other.

4 Being privileged so to do on taking 6 Dowgatc.

77

[24 ^ers, came from the house oi

use of Walter del Angle, goldsmith, and

thero wounded the said V ; who died a long time after, but not of

that wmiii'l, as the Mayor and Barons testified. And, in like manner, they tin -iv wounded one Roger de Buckynges, who died on the morrow of that wound. They took to flight, and no Inquisition was made thereupon as to the aforesaid malefactors, nor was there any enquiry made of the aforesaid Mabel, from whose house they had issued, who they were and whence they came. Still h<>\\ y Attached her, to be here present. She herself

did not appear, and all her sureties were dead. The neighbours also, who in like manner were attached, were all dead. Therefore nothing [could be exacted] of the sureties. And because the manner of proceeding in this matter had been such that the Justiciar had no means of seeing who was the party to be condemned for causing such death, or who ought to be pro- nounced acquitted thereof, the Mayor and citizens were rightfully to be

:sured in giving judgment thereon, seeing that nothing whatever had been done in the case upon which judgment might be founded.

After this, the Mayor and all the citizens appeared ; and they said, upon oath which they had made unto his lordship the King, and in virtue of tli. l«-alty l>y which they were bound unto him, that the persons afore- said were strangers, and that they did not suspect the said Mabel or any one else as to that death. Therefore, the said Mabel was to go acquitted thereof. And because the Chamberlain and Sheriffs aforesaid made no iiMjuiMtion as to that death, they were to be amerced. It was afterwards proved that the malefactors were strangers. Therefore nothing [was to be exacted].

CHAPTER XIV. Of delivery of the chattels of felons.

Jordan *le Cotillcr appealed Ralph Ic r<>tilli>r and Hugh, nephew of tho Ralph, for that he had caused the den is kinsman; and

Ralph an 1 Ilu-h wnv then dead. Therefore nothing [was to be exacted]. And Ralph, before his death, through fear of the said appeal, placed his chattels in the church of Saint Mary of Colcherche ; which chattels were appraised at two marks, and were delivered to Master

• 'TheCuUer.'

78 ATTA( HM1M OF PERSONS ABSENT FROM THE (11V. [B. i. Pt. 11.

John de Ponte, the then official [of the Archdeacon], to have the same here before the Judges. And the Sheriffs gave instructions that they might keep the said two marks, to expend the same in behalf of the soul of the said Ralph ; seeing that they did not belong to his lordship the King, as he had never been convicted.

Upon this, the Mayor and citizens said, that chattels of felons and the like ought to be delivered to the Sheriffs only on the understanding that they shall answer for the same. Therefore, the Sheriffs were amerced, because the two marks were delivered to Master John, etc. And John was amerced, because he had not the said two marks [to produce], etc.

Of the thirteenth year [of King Henry III.] CHAPTER XV. Of non-attachment of men who are not in the City.

In that year, Gervaise le Cordewaner being Chamberlain, and Robert Fitz-John and Walter de Winchester Sheriffs, it happened that a certain woman, unknown and a mendicant, was suddenly found dead in the street of Billingesgate ; and upon the body being viewed by the Chamberlain and Sheriffs, they found thereon nothing beyond misadventure. And the Mayor and citizens said, that they held no one in suspicion of having caused that death. Judgment, — ' Misadventure.' And all the neighbours were then dead, who had been attached for such death, with the exception of Andrew Edrich ; who appeared, and was not suspected. Being asked if he was present when she died, he made answer that he was not in the City at the time. And because the Chamberlain and Sheriffs attached him when he was absent, judgment was to be given against them; which judgment was respited. It was afterwards attested by the Mayor and citizens, that the said Andrew was present and was attached. It was therefore adjudged that he must be amerced, on the Suretyship of the Sheriffs. And the Chamberlain and [former] Sheriffe were to go acquitted therein.

CHAPTER XVI. Of a certain boy who was drowned while watering -hco horses,

being dragged into the water by one of tfiem. In the same year, the same persons being Chamberlain and Shci-iti's it

1 /. «. the Sheriffs being answerable for the * For '«to*' read amount to the King.

•.in.. \w 79

t! tin boy, Adam de Norfolk by name, fell from a horse

the Thames, being dragged in by another horse which he was holding •In- lrtii-1 \\hilr v. .Coring it, and was drowned. No one was 1 suspected :li. Judgment, — 'Misadventure : ' the value of the horses

was four marks ; for which 'sum the Sheriffs were to make answer : who afterwards answered for the same.

CHAPTER XVII. Of tcager of law upon the death of a man.

In the same year, the same persons being Chamberlain and Sheriffs, it happened that, on the Sunday next after the Ascension, John, son of Walter Beaubelet, William and Roger, his brothers, Alexio Ballard, and William and John, sons of Stephen le Clutere, made an assault upon one John Wyne, a homager of Geoffrey de Costes, and inflicted upon him fourteen wounds, leaving him for dead. And the said John pledged himself to prose< ui« tln-m, in case he should recover. And afterwards he did recover, but did not prosecute his appeal ; but [now] his lordship the King prosecuted them. Walter Beaubelet and Alexio Ballard were then dead; and William, son of Stephen, being attached and accused of the wounding, appeared, and denied the felony and everything in contravention of the peace of his lordship the King; and of his own accord he put himself upon the record of the Chamberlain and Sheriffs, and of his own Alderman and his Ward. Also, William, the son of Walter, Roger, and John, being accused of the deed, and 2Walter, of harbouring and abetting them, denied the felony, etc., and were ready to defend themselves according to the law and usage of the City of London.

And because the said John Wyne did not prosecute his appeal, he was to be amerced and taken into custody. And seeing that if the law of the < were waged, and the accused should make any default in so waging their law, life and limb would alike be at stake, and forasmuch as in that case tli. re had been no peril to life or limb, as the said .J<>hn "as still surviving and did not prosecute, — it was adjudged that wager of law did not lie, but that Inquisition must be made as to the matter by the Mayor and citizens. Who said, upon the oath which they had made unto

1* levied from the owner for the King ton of Stephen.1 by way of mulct or deodand. » Thi» peaage appear* to be incomplete.

To ail appearance thi. should be 'John,

80 (il \ \VOM\\ UK.VTEN TO DKATH. [B. i. It. 11.

his lordship the King, and in virtue of the fealty in which they bound unto him, that all the persons beiore-iui' guilty of such

wounding, and no one besides. They said also that the parties had compromised. Therefore, they were to be committed to gaol. They [afterwards] paid a fine, being but poor men, of one mark. Sureties for the same, William le ^loneour and Laurence de Frouwyk.

CHAPTER XVIII. That no one may be in the City for [more than] three nights together out of frankpkdge.

It should be known also, that the Mayor and citizens said, that no one may be in the City as a citizen, so as to abide therein and enjoy the law of the City, for more than three nights [together], unless he finds two sureties and so puts himself in frankpledge ; provided always, that if ho stays in the City for one night 2longer in manner aforesaid, and commits felony or aught by which the peace of his lordship the King may be broken, and does not stand his trial thereupon ; in such case, the Alderman in whose Ward he was, ought to be amerced, for having so harboured one in his Ward who was not in frankpledge.

CHAPTER XIX. Of a certain woman who was beaten [to death].

In the same year, the same persons being Chamberlain and Sheriffs, it happened that on the Monday next after the Feast of Saint Barnabas the Apostle [11 June], one Edward de Bray, a weaver, assaulted Alicia, the daughter of Richard de Wyltone, in the fields near 3Stebenhuthe, and maltreated her, and broke her arm in two places; of which the said Alicia, while surviving, appealed him ; but while so prosecuting her appeal, she died by reason of that assault. And after her death, a sister of hers prosecuted the appeal, and she also died while so prosecuting it ; and upon her accusation Edward was attached.

And now his lordship the King appeared and prosecuted him ; and enquiry was made of him how he would defend himself as concerning such death. He said that he would defend himself according to the law

i I.e. *The Moneyer,' one employed in sureties, the King's Mint * Stepney.

» /. e. beyond the three nights without

\w u ri H OOMPH M

and usage of tl f London; and he was committed to the custody

of tlir until it should be ascertained in what way he ought to

himself.

CHAPTER XX. Of wager of law, with seven compurgators, m a COM

of felony.

•rwards, the Mayor and citizens appeared, and said that as no one prosecuted him except his lordship the King, he ought to wage his law and defend himself with six compurgators, himself the seventh, and not i thirty-six ; it being understood that, if he should fail in his *purga- tion, he should have the same judgment that he would have had if he had failed upon trial with six-and- thirty compurgators. But that if he should duly *make his law, then he should go acquitted thereof.

CHAPTER XXI. Of choosing the *laic.

v said also, that in a case where a person is to defend himself by waging his law with six-and-thii t v compurgators, or with six, himself the seventh, the Mayor and citizens ought, in the absence of the Chamber- lain and Sheriffs, upon their oath and in virtue of the fealty in which ih.-y are bound unto his lordship the King, to choose the compurgators by whom 4thc law is to be made, from the best and most trustworthy persons in tin- City, in presence of him who has so to clear himself by wager of law ; it I* ing understood that, if anyone is an enemy of his or in any way objectionable, and he shall show just cause [for stating such to be the ea>r\ he shall be at liberty to reject him.

CHAPTER XXII. Of naming ike day [for Mat}.

And upon the day of election of the compurgators, which is to be

appointed at the will of the Juaticiare, that day fortnight shall be named

. the accused as of right ; unless the Just iciars shall think proper to

1 The clearing himself by the oaths of ox • The set of cafupurgatare or juror* wan

in,.nr^t..rs. Set pap :••-• m* socallod.

* Obtain acquittal by the oaths of the »x the verdict b to be given.

82 VPK OF A FEI.ON FROM S\\<M AKY. [P.. i. Pt. n.

name fur him a time still more remote. — lThe contrary to this will be found hereafter. — Upon which day, if he shall fail to appear, he shall he held to be convicted, and within such period he shall be held to bail on the surety of twelve persons ; care being taken that each of such sureties shall be sufficient to make answer unto his lordship the King in a sum of one hundred shillings, if they shall not produce him at the time and day appointed. It should also be known, that after any one has been appealed and attached for the death of a man, he cannot exact a recognizance until such time as he shall have acquitted himself of the charge so made against him; and in the meantime, if he cannot find sureties, he must be committed to prison.

Of the fifteenth year [of King Henry III.]

CHAPTER XXIII. Of escapes of felons from churches.

In that year, [the same person] being Chamberlain, and Walter de Buflete and Michael de Saint Helen's Sheriffs, it happened that on the night of the Thursday next after the Feast of Saint Lucia2 [13 December], a certain man, Ralph Wayvefuntaines by name, was stabbed with a knife by a certain stranger in the churchyard of Saint Paul's in London; of which wound on the morrow he died. One Geoffrey Russel, a clerk, was with him when he was so stabbed ; who fled to the church of Saint Peter in London, and refused to appear unto the peace of his lordship the King or to leave the church. But afterwards he escaped thence ; and [although] the said Sheriffs caused the churchyard to be watched, still, while so watched, he made his escape. And enquiry was made of the Mayor and citizens, whether the Sheriffs ought not to have a punishment inflicted for having thus allowed the said Geoffrey to escape. Their answer was, that such a thing would frequently happen, nor were they as yet certified thereon. Enquiry was made, if they held the before-named Geoffrey suspected of the deed. They said that they did not. And because the malefactor aforesaid was altogether unknown, — therefore nothing [was to be exacted].

1 Though inserted in the text, this is 2 Or 16 September ; see page 95. evidently a Gloss.

in.] TO JUIX.MI N i. 83

\I V. Of the answer made 1-. cst as to life and

limb, and the liberties of the City.

Coni .\as to be held with his lordship the King upon the fact that

ii de Coudrcs asserted distinctly, in presence of the Justiciars, that the lilx-rties of tin? City and safety of life and limb to the citizens must stand or fall together. For saying which, by precept of his lordship the King, the said John de Coudres was arrested at the Tower of London : but afterwards, on petition of the citizens, his lordship the King delivered unto them the said John upon bail, on the understanding that, on peril of losing all th< ir liberties, they should produce him before his lordship the King, at his good pleasure, to make answer thereupon unto his said lordship the King. And so he was delivered unto them.

CHAPTER XXV. That a youth tinder age shall not be amenable to judgment.

In the same year, etc., it happened on the morrow of the Decollation of Saint John [29 August], that a certain man, Osbert by name, was found in the street of Saint Andrew badly wounded in the head by a staff; so much so, that on the morrow he died of the wound. And John le Syre of

£cstone and * William, his son, were arrested on suspicion of having caused such death, and imprisoned ; and afterwards, upon precept made

Ui< hard Renger, then Justiciar of the Bench, they were liberated for tin- term of forty days, without other warrant for the same ; [for assent- ing to which] the Sheriffs were amerced. [Since then], John had died ; and \Vi Ilium now appeared. In like manner also, Richard de Wyn- (lunbcri, Wymarca his wife, and Hamo and Thomas, sons of the said aid, in whose house the staff was found, now appeared, and they

iod the felony and aught by them done in coi ion of the peace

of his lordship the King, and pat themselves upon the verdict of the Mayor and citizens of London : which waa granted unto them, as the suspicion was but slight. And because the said Hamo and Thomas, so attached for such death, were then but infants, and were still under age, no judgment was to be delivered upon them, but they were to go thence acquitted ; but the others were to be 3kept in custody.

'Incorrectly given M 'John* in the * To awtit the radio*, original

84 FOBTJ DAYS OIVEH roil \NSWI-U TO \\ \rri.\i. rn.i.rt.ii.

Afterwards, the Mayor and citizens said, upon their oath and in virtue of the fealty in which they were bound unto his lordship the Kin*?, that neither the persons before-named, nor any one else, were guilty of causing- that death. For they said that a certain horse, which belonged to Sir William de Stuteville, fell upon the pavement and broke the man's skull, 'causing his death thereby. Therefore it was adjudged, that all parties were to go acquitted of that death. Judgment, — 'Mis- adventure.' Also, because the Chamberlain and Sheriffs did not make sufficient Inquisition thereon, they were to be amerced.

CHAPTER XXVI. Of the term of forty days giren for answer to an appeal.

In the same year, etc., it happened on the Sunday next after the Feast of Saint James the Apostle [25 July], that Juliana, the wife of Ralph de 2Chelmersforde, vintner, appeared before the Chamberlain and Sheriffs, and appealed Robert Hardel of the death of the aforesaid Ralph, her husband; [asserting] that the said Robert, wickedly and feloniously, against the peace of his lordship the King, on the morrow of Saint James, wounded him with a knife on the left side of his body, so that on the morrow he died of such wound. And [now] she did 8[not] appear ; where- fore both she and her sureties to prosecute were to be amerced ; namely, Geoffrey, son of Richard de Broham, and Aylwyne de Chemereford, in the County of Essex ; also, she was to be taken into custody.

And Robert appeared, and said that in a former year, in the sixteenth year, that is to say, of the reign of King Henry, son of King John, the aforesaid Juliana, and Alicia, mother of the said Ralph, appeared before Sir Stephen de Segrave, the then Chief Justiciar, and the other Justi- ciars of the Bench of his lordship the King, and accused him of the death aforesaid. Whereupon, in accordance with the law and liberties of the City, a term of forty days was given 4unto him to make answer to that accusation, because his summons had been too peremptory. Upon which day the aforesaid Robert appeared ; and the aforesaid women before same Justiciars retracted their charge, and acknowledged that he was not guilty of causing such death ; and refused to proceed against him.

1 This is in contradiction of the statement 3 This is evidently the meaning of tin-

previously made in positive terms, that the passage, though th< » ' is omitted*

man died from the blow with the staff. 4 To -tlnin in the original, but erro-

* Chelmsford, in Essex. neously.

»».] ABJ I M. 85

Whereupon his lordship the King waived his trial. And in proof that so it was, he put himself upon the roll of the Justiciare : from which it was afterwards found that so it was. And it was therefore adjudged, that said Robert should go acquitted thereof for ever. And forasmuch aa the sureties of the aforesaid Juliana were on such former occasion amerced before the said Justiciare, because she had so retracted her charge, - therefore, on the present occasion no exaction was to bo made of her or of her sureties.

Of the eighteenth year [of King Henry III.]

CHMTI.R XXVII. That the Constable of the Tower of London and the Sheriff* j with the Aldermen, may receive abjuration of the realm, though the Chamberlain be absent.

In that year, John de Colnere being Chamberlain, and Ralph do 1 Asshcby and John Norman Sheriffs, it happened on a Sunday, being the Vigil of Saint Mark the Evangelist [25 April], that a certain clerk, Henry de Battle, a stranger, slew Thomas de Hall on the King's highway near the house of John Aubyn, and fled to the church of Saint Bride in London by night Whereupon, the Sheriffs and the Alderman of that Ward had a watch set upon him throughout that night, until the morrow ; when there came unto the church aforesaid the Constable of the Tower of London, and the Sheriffs and Aldermen ; and the said Henry acknowledged Iced before them, [and] abjured the realm. Chattels he had none. And enquiry was made of t rand citizens, i f the Constable, and the Sheriffs

and Aldermen, could receive the abjuration of any one without the Cham- lain. They said that so it was, if the Chamberlain were absent upon business of his lordship the King. All the other persons attached for • death appeared, and there was no suspicion entertained against them. Nothing waft exacted of frank-pledges, [the offender] being a stranger.

Of the nineteenth year [of King Henry III.] < HUTBR XXVIII. Of trine* *>ld contrary to the ami*, i at year, the fame person being Chamberlain, and Robert M.ml. 1 and Gerard Bate Sheriffs, it happened that, on complaint made by many

> Thia munr nh.tiM be *Bnry.'

86 DEATH CAUSED THROTTiH AN ACT OF FOI.T V. [B. i. rt. it.

persons in the City, a tun of wine was found in the cellar of William le Wympler, where much wine had been sold contrary to the assize. And the said tun was seized into the hand of his lord- ship the King, and was sold for forty shillings ; for which the Sheriffs made answer.

In the same year, upon a like complaint, another tun of wine was found in the cellar of Simon de Gotham, where, in like manner, much wine had been sold. This also was seized into the hand of his lordship the King, and was sold for forty shillings ; for which the [then] Sheriffs made answer.

Of the twentieth year [of King Henry III.]

CHAPTER XXIX. Of an act of folly.

In that year, it happened that a certain boy, Robert Fitz-Payne, fell from a horse in the street of 1Walebroke, through fright caused by Robert de 2 Donestaple to the horse on which the aforesaid Robert was riding ; by reason whereof, within a month he died. Robert appeared, and he was not held in suspicion as to such death. But because he had foolishly and thoughtlessly frightened [the horse], it was adjudged that he should be committed to gaol for his folly. Judgment, — 'Misadventure.' And because the Sheriffs and Chamberlain made no 3 Inquisition as to the horse aforesaid, which had been the 4bane of the said boy, they were to be amerced. Afterwards, 6 Jordan appeared, and paid by way of fine for the bane aforesaid two shillings, for which the [then] Sheriffs made answer. Afterwards, [the said Robert] fined for half a mark, on the surety of William de Donstaple.

Of the one-and-twentieth year [of King Henry III.]

CHAPTER XXX. Of an appeal \_for abortion caused].

Sarra, the wife of Aubin le Portour, appealed Matilda, the wife of Walter Buke, and Stanota, her daughter, for that on the Friday next after the Feast of the Holy Trinity, in the one-and-twentieth year [of the

1 Walbrook. nifying cause of death.

* Dunstable, in Bedfordshire. • Jordan de Coventre, one of the s

3 With a view to exacting a demand. of the 20th Henry III., whose name has

4 A legal term of Anglo-Saxon origin, sig- been previously omitted by inadvertence.

xxii nr-jfm. nr.l MB.

, they c •;• house and beat and maltreated li

r wards, on tin- dny of tin- DI-. of Saint John the Baptist

[29 August], in the same year, by reason of such L <he waa

delivered of a stillborn male child; and [she charged] that they did the same wickedly and feloniously ; and she made offer, etc., as the Court, And Matilda and Stanota appeared, and they denied all such felony and wh; is charged against them as against the peace of his lordship

ill. Kin^; and tin -y altogether hat they ever did beat her ; and

\ said that she was *[not] beaten upon the day on which she said that she was beaten, and that fifteen weeks after such day she was delivered of a living male child, which was baptized and lived three days ; and that therefore, it did not appear that her accusation could hold good. And furth'-r, they wholly put themselves upon the verdict of the Mayor and citizens, to the effect that they never did beat her, and that she was not delivered of ft stillborn male child, as she averred. And upon this, t lie Mayor and citizens said, upon their oath and in virtue of the fealty in which th.-y were bound unto his lordship the King, that the aforesaid Matilda and Stanota nev« r did heat lu r, and that she was not delivered of a stillborn male child. Therefore it was adjudged, that they should go acquitted thereof, and that Sarra should be committed to custody for a

false appeal.

Of the tiro-en K / Henry III.]

< 11 M'IKR XXXI. f> i the Constable of the Tower w to

the death of Jew*.

In that year, one William Fitz-Bernard and Richard, his servant, came on the Tuesday next before the Feast of Saint Botolph [17 June] to the house of 'Jocc, a Jew, and there slew the said Jew and Henna, his \\ and took to flight. And further, the said William was taken at Saint Saviour's for a certain silver cup which he had stolen, and was hanged. 1. his servant, was *put in < \igent and outlawed, according as, etc. And one Mil" •!•• Kspicor, who was with them on the occasion <>f the said outrage, and was badly wounded, fled to the Church [for sanctuary]

f his word w dearly wanting to complete baMy, of the name • Joeeph.1 tin* >«n-»-. J /. • . ("finally roiniDooed to appear*

5 Or • Joece;' the medieval form, pro-

OF HOLDING INQUISITION. [B. i. It. n.

and died therein. Therefore [as to him] no [exaction was to be made].

Chattels they had none. Nor was ]he in frankpledge, because he was a

stranger. No Attachment was made, because this took place in 'Jewiy;

for in their case it was not the duty of the Sheriffs to make

attachment, but only of the 4Constable of the Tower of London.

Of the three-and-twentieth year [of King Henry III.] CHAPTER XXXII. Of amercement of a frankpkdge.

Honorius le Rumongour slew Roger de Vilers with a knife, and fled to the church of Saint Bartholomew ; and there he acknowledged that death, and abjured the realm. Chattels he had none, and he was in frankpledge in the Ward of Joce Fitz-Peter. Therefore his frankpledge was to be amerced. No one else was held in suspicion as to such death. The neighbours who were attached for such death appeared, and were not suspected. Therefore, they were to go acquitted thereof.

Of the four-and-twentieth year [of King Henry III.]

CHAPTER XXXIII. Of holding Inquisition.

A certain clerk, Michael by name, was found slain before the Monastery of Saint Nicholas by a certain stranger; who took to flight, and wliat became of him is unknown. And because the Justiciars were at a loss to know who was to be put in exigent for outlawry for such death, nor w« i < able to ascertain by any Inquisition made who the malefactor was ; seeing also that heretofore the Sheriffs had made attachments and Inquisitions upon homicide, and not the Chamberlain; enquiry was made of the Mayor and citizens, what judgment ought to be passed upon the Sheriffs, who had omitted to make attachment or Inquisition thereupon. They said, that the Sheriffs were not to blame, nor ought to be blamed, the more especially as the deed was committed at a late hour and far away from tlio Sheriffs' houses, the Sheriffs not having known anything about it until the morning. Therefore Conference was to be held thereon, etc.

1 Meaning William Fitz-Bernard, probably. * On behalf of the King, whose own pro- * Arrest of the persons near at the time of perty, to some extent s were con-

the murder. sidered to be.

» Or 'Judaism,' the Jews' quarter of the * Between , as to

the amercciin nt "i th. Mierifls.

uj ;KS. 89

CHAPTER XXXIV. Abjuration of the realm.

In the same year, at Ua Barre in the County of Knit, it happened that one Roger le Sauser and a certain maidservant, ' Inga' by name, having the house of Isolda de Tateshale, in the City of London, went to la Barre, taking with them fire in a vessel with which to set fire to the house of Joce at la Bum- ; whii-h house they then and there burned to the ground. Also, the said Roger slew the aforesaid Joce with an arrow, and fled to the church of 2Upchirche ; and there he acknowledged the deed, and abjured the realm. And, on being asked for whom and for what reason he had done this, he said that the before-named 'Isabella had sent him there, to protect the aforesaid Inga and to burn the said house.

On the morrow the before-named Inga returned to London, to the house Isolda ; where she was immediately taken and imprisoned, and for the same deed was convicted and burnt.

CHAPTER XXXV. Of releasing women on bail by sureties until the Iter of the Justiciars, etc.

Also, for the same deed, the before-named Isolda was taken and attached, and was put upon sureties until the holding of these pleas. She now appeared, and being asked how she would defend herself on a charge of this nature, she said that she would defend herself according to the law of City ; for that the aforesaid house was not burnt, nor yet the before- named Joce slain, by her orders, or by her counsel or consent*

n XXXVI. Of neglect of custody of those vho haw fled to the

'

. He No his servant, and Robert alo Peytevin, clnk,

i \Vurin, a vintner, nearly to death, and took to flight. Gilbert

•• / ' ThcBar.' It seems not improbable » 'Isokla' and 'lobelia' were probably

that Hatcham in Surrey, which WM formerly different forma of the same name,

considoml to belon U the place .,> the Lihrr de Amt*pnt Ltytou

meant It may hare had ite name from the (Camd. Soc.), p. 18, we learn that she after-

Anglo-Saxon 'fcaixn,' 'a bar,' from a bar or wards waged her law (in other words, under-

gate there separating the two counties. A went her trial), with 36 jurors or oompur-

part of it was known as • Hatcham Barnes,* gators, and that successfully,

possibly a corruption of • Barre 'or* Barres.' *• : he original ; 'the Black.'

I lie original name of St Mary, Abchurch. • I ,,r native of Poitou.

90 \\Af.i.K OK LAW r,y BTBAHGBBS n>u noMuim:. [B.i.rt.n.

fled to the Church of Saint Mary de Somerset e; whereupon the Sheriff ought to have set watch upon him. From thence he made his escape. The Mayor and citizens, being now asked what ought to be done with tin- Sheriffs in this case, and whether they had done well or not in thus allowing him to escape, made answer that it would not be at any suggestion of thrlrs that a Sheriff should incur punishment for such an escape as this. Therefore conference was to be held thereon. And further, Warin was still alive, and did not prosecute them, nor ever had prosecuted them. Therefore, instructions were given to the Sheriff that if [Gilbert] should return, he was to be Haken into custody.

Of the five-and-twentieth year [of King Henry III.]

CHAPTER XXXVII. Of wager of law with two-and-forty men, in the case

of strangers, for homicide.

In that year, a certain man, Jordan by name, was found slain in the street of Saint John Zachary in 2Goderounelane. Who slew him, it is not known. Claricia, the wife of the said Jordan, who had been attached, now appeared, and was not suspected thereof. Enquiry was also made of her, if she suspected any person of having caused the death of her husband in manner aforesaid. She said that she held suspected one Alan, the son of Simon Mauntel, and Laurence his brother, who were of the County of Middlesex, and did not belong to the City of London. These appeared, and put themselves upon the verdict of two-and-forty men, of the three Aldermanries that lay nearest to the place where the said Jordan had been found slain. Which men appeared, and, being first sworn b< the Justiciars to say the truth thereon, they said, upon their oath, that the before-named Alan and Laurence were not guilty of the death afore- said, nor did they in any way hold them suspected, or any one else ; for that they were at a loss to know in what manner he had been slain or \vh<» it was that slew him. Therefore it was adjudged, that the before- naim <1 Alan and Laurence should go acquitted thereof. Also, the neighbours who were attached for that death appeared, and were not held susptrh <1 thereof. Therefore, they were to go acquitted thereof.

1 Because, though having taken sanctuary, » Or Guthnm's Lain , th. pntfttt i;utt«-r he had neglected to abjure the realm. Lam.

xxTlh!fB.ui.: MURDER OF A WIFE BY HKR HI-BAND.

Cu \ XXVIII. Of a certain person who remained upon the spot after

he had mortally wounded his wife, and was not attached.

A certain man, John *de Londoneston, stabbed Agnes, his wife, with a sword, on Easter Day : from the effects of which wound she died on the Friday next ensuing. And the said John took to flight after her death, and was held suspected thereof. Judgment was demanded, and he was outlawed according to the form, etc. His chattels were 4s. 8d. in value, as to which the Sheriffs made answer. Also, it was proved that the said John, for five days after he had so stabbed her, remained in the house and among his neighbours, and that he did not take to flight until after her death ; and that John Clerk, a sdubber, and Thomas of 'Berkinge Marsh, etc., members of the household of the said John, were with him when the •aid deed was committed, and afterwards, until he fled, and did not raise hue or cry thereupon, or give any notice thereof to the Chamberlain or Sheriffs, — for which reason the Justiciars held them suspected : therefore, they were to be committed to gaol, and in the meantime they would hold conference with his lordship the King.

CHAPTER XXXIX. That the Chamberlain keeps a record.

Isabella, the wife of Sperlo, appealed William Bert one, for that on the Saturday before the 4Close of Easter, in the same year, he beat her in In r own house and maltreated her, so that she was delivered of a stillborn male child ; and that he did so, wickedly and in contravention of the peace of his lordship the King, she made offer to prove, in such way as the Court should think proper, etc. And William appeared, and he denied su.-h battery and felony, and aught that was in contravention of the peace of his lordship the King, to the effect that he was not guilty thereof, and that she accused him through enmity and spite ; and he put himself upon the lict of the Mayor and citizens of London. And enquiry was made of the Chamberlain and Sheriffs, whether they saw the aforesaid stillborn child. The Sheriffs said that they did not: and the Chamberlain said that he did see the child aforesaid, and that its head was crushed, its left

1 • Of London Stone.' ' Barking, in Essex.

> A f urbuhcr up of oM apparel. « The Sunday after Barter.

92 WAGER OF THE GREAT I \\v »>N A CHARGE OF HOMICIDE. [B.i.It.n.

arm broken in two places, and its body bruised all over by reason of such battery. And because the Chamberlain had a record thereof and testified thereto, it appeared to the Justiciars that he could not defend himself by verdict of the Mayor and citizens ; and that more especially, in a case of homicide, where there is some one who prosecutes or there is extreme suspicion, no one ought to put himself on their verdict.

After this, the said William appeared, and put himself upon the l Great Law, and the Justiciar demanded sureties for the same. He was therefore to wage his law and to defend himself with six-and- thirty compur- gators, eighteen of whom were to be [chosen] from the one side of 2Walebroke, and eighteen from the other. [Such compurgators] were to be chosen on the morrow before the Mayor and Aldermen, in the absence of the Chamberlain and Sheriffs, in Folkmote held at 8 Saint Paul's, the parties being present thereat ; and he was to make appearance with his 4 law at the end of seven days after the morrow of such election ; — this by favour of the Justiciars and at the prayer of the 5Barons ; otherwise he would have had to appear on the morrow; for such was found to have been the case at the last Iter, in the matter of John Herlizoun.

CHAPTER XL. That wager of law for homicide must be made on the ^morrow

after electing such law.

The sureties for waging his kw were William de 7Haliwelle, Augustin de Haddestoke, and ten others. On the morrow the six-and- thirty [compur- gators] were chosen at Folkmote in manner aforesaid, from the East of Walebroke, that is to say, William de Brayere, etc., and from the West, Ralph de Ely, etc. At the end of seven days after such election he was to appear with his law ; and the woman aforesaid was [in the meantime] to be given in charge to the Sherifls, who were to produce her on the day before-mentioned.

Upon the said day William made his appearance with his law, and waged his kw before the Justiciars in the following manner. First of all,

» See page 50 ante. the fity.

8 Walbrook. « The present case, it will )>< foun.l, is in

3 /. e, at the Cross of St. Paul's. reality an exception to that rule.

4 /. f. his jurors, or set of compurgatore. 7 jf,,iyu 4 The Aldermen ami tenants in capitc of

IlK5i.ni.] , F»Y TIM FS. 93

William made oath in words to the followm- : — that he had i\>

ten tlu- >ai-l Isabella, in such manner that the stillborn child of whieh she was delivered becani h, and further removed from life

reby. After this, six of the men made oath to the effect that, to the best of their knowledge, the oath that he had so made was a trustworthy oath. And after the aforesaid six had so sworn, the said William again made oath, repeating the oath he had already made ; and after him, another six made oath ; and in such manner six times did the said William make the same oath, and so he made his law. Judgment was therefore given, that William should go for ever acquitted thereof, and that Isabella should be committed to gaol.

Of the six-and-twentieth year [of King Henry III.]

Cn \ I.T. Upon this occasion the Sheriff^ were amerced, because r

I not mat I :*itwn in the place where the man was wounded, only where he was found dead.

In that year, on the Vigil of Saint Peter's 'Chair, one John le 2 Gaunter wounded Alexander de Holebeche in the street of Walebroke ; of which wound <>n the morrow he died. He took to flight and was held suspected :<>re he was to be put in exigent and outlawed, according to the form, etc. His chattels were ten shillings in value ; as to which the Sheriffs made ansu was also in frankpledge in the Ward of

Reginald de Bungeye. Therefore Inquisition was to be made, and [the frankpledge] amerced. Also, [the said Alexander] died in the house of John de'Cardoyl, tailor, whirh John was attached for such death. He appeared, and was not held suspected thereof. Also, Roger de 4Caunte-

_:go and Richard de Hereforde, servants of the said John, who were similarly attached, appeared, and were not held suspected thereof. There- fore, they were to go acquitted thereof. The neighbours in like manner, who were at were to go acquitted thereof, because they were not

suspected. And because the Chamberlain and Sheriffs did not make sufficient Inquisition as to the death aforesaid, seeing that they made

« There wew two Mtab of thU name ; » Probably nguifyinn 'the Glow/ that iMtitufcd at Rome wa« on 28 January, < ul: l,

that at Antaooh 88 February. 4 Cambridge.

!»t DEATH i;v DBOWMnra IN 'iin: THAMES. CB.I. rt. n.

no Inquisition where he was wounded, but made such Inquisition where he was found, a place far distant from that in which he was wound* <1 ; and further, "because they did not attach Walter de Saint Alban's, in whose house the aforesaid John was dwelling, — therefore, tin. y were to be heavily amerced.

Of the scven-and-timiticth year [of King Henry III.]

CHAPTER XLII. [Of a person droicned in the Thames, who fell by accident from a boatJ]

A certain man, Geoffrey by name, fell from a boat into the Thames, and was drowned ; no one was held in suspicion as to the same. Judgment,— 'Misadventure:' the value of the boat was 4s. 7d. ; the Sheriffs made answer for the 1same. Also, the neighbours who were attached for that death appeared, and were not held suspected thereof. Therefore, they were to go acquitted thereof.

CHAPTER XLIIL That strangers ought to be acquitted of homicide by tiro-and- forty men; [and of wager of the Great Law for a man free of the City.']

Christiana, the daughter of Stephen, appealed William de Donecastre, and William Baggard, and Robert Coperberd, for that at the Feast of the Purification [2 February] in the present year, they beat Stephen, her brother, in 3Aldrichegate, and badly wounded him; from the effects of which he died. And that this they did, wickedly and feloniously, she made offer [to prove], etc. And William and the others appeared. And William [de Donecastre] and William [Baggard], who were not free of the City, appeared and denied such death, and put themselves upon the verdict of the Alderman and of the 4 venue that they were not guilty of that death. Whereupon, enquiry was made of the Mayor and citizens, whether the verdict of the Alderman and venue would suffice unto their acquittal or condemnation. They said that it would not suffice. But they said, that as they were strangers,

1 Exacted as a deodand, payable to the 8 Alderegate.

King. 4 Or 'visnue,' <M <>f th«

8 Or Candlemas. neighbourhood where the death took place.

>N OP A MINOR IN GUARDIAN-HIT.

t IK- iiild fully .suffice of two-and- forty men of the three Aldermanries

were nearest adjacent to the place where the deed was committed ; fourteen of such men being chosen from each Aldermanry, upon whose oath tin- truth must be ascertained. Upon whose verdict the before- named William and William willingly put themselves for good and for ill. And the Aldermen were instructed to direct such persons to appear on the morrow for making such verdict, the accused to be committed to custody in the meantime. After this, two-and-forty men appeared in manner aforesaid, and made oath before the Justiciars as to speaking the truth. And they said, upon their oath, that the before-named William and William were not guilty of that death. Therefore, they were to go acquitted thereof; and Christiana was to be amerced for making a false charge against them. The neighbours who had been attached appeared, and were not held suspected thereof. Therefore they were to go acquitted thereof. Also, Robert Coperberd appeared, and wholly denied such death ; and because he was of the City, he made offer to defend himself by the law of the City. Accordingly, it was adjudged that he should wage his law and defend himself with six-and-thirty compurgators. The election to be made in such form as, etc. Sureties [that he should so wage his law], Robert de Lege and others.

CHAPTER XLIV. Of the guardianship of children.

Chri>ti inn, who was the wife of Josce 1Lespicier, appealed Simon 1 Mary and Robert de Herbintonc, for that on the Saturday next after the •Invention of the Holy Cross [3 May], in the five-ami twentieth year [of the present reign], about the s third hour, they came to the church of A 11 hallows in Bred- •! entered the said church by force, and seized

Willi.i' \ illiam, who was under age and in her charge, carried him

away from place to place, and detained him in prison until the Feast of *Suint Lucia next ensuing; so that, while thus imprisoned, he died. And that tliis they did wickedly and feloniously, and in contravention of the peace of his lordship the King, she made offer to prove, according as the

» «The Grocer.' » Or hour of tieroe. nine iu the

* The disoorery of the CYo» by the Em- « Either 16 September or 13 A.D.307or*M. there being two Saiate of that

96 I.VW A* TO GUARDIANSHIP WITHIN THT OUT, B-i.Pt.ii.]

Court, etc. And she averred that she was damnified thereby to the amount of two hundred pounds, etc. And Simon and Robert ; and they denied such violence and injury, the commission of such felony, and aught in contravention of the peace of his lordship the King, and all, etc. And they fully admitted that they did have the before- na in. <1 William, and that, in the charge of the aforesaid Robert, he died a lawful death, and not in prison ; and [they averred] that they did not drajj the before-named William away from the church, nor did they carry him off by force and arms against the peace of his lordship the King. That they were ready to defend themselves according to the law of the City, if the law in such case should lie, or else to put themselves on the verdict of the Mayor and citizens, or in such other way as the Court of his lordship the King should award, etc.

And because the guardianship of the said William was bequeathed unto the before-named Josce, together with six marks and four shillings of rent, and the appurtenances thereof, in the City of London, the same to be laid out to the use and advantage of the child aforesaid until he should come of age, enquiry was made by the Justiciars [of the Mayor and citizens] in reference to bequests of this nature by testament, to whom, after the death of father and mother, the guardianship of their children ought to bel<

Who made answer, that it is fully lawful for any one of the City by testament to bequeath the guardianship of his son, with the chattels and inheritance of such child, to whomsoever he may think fit : such guardian being bound to apply the proceeds of his inheritance to the use and advantage of such child until he comes of age. But that if the guardianship is not so bequeathed, and the inheritance comes to the child from the father's side, in such case the mother of the child, or his nearest kinsmen on the mother's side, shall have the guardianship of him, with all his property, in manner aforesaid. And that if the inheritance comes from the mother's side, then the nearest kinsmen on the father's side shall have the guardianship in manner aforesaid : such guardians being bound to answer to such heir, when he comes of age, for all the issues of the inheritance aforesaid.

The Mayor and citizens [also] said, that the Justiciars cannot, nnmu^ht to, hold any plea as to intrusion, unless such plea shall have first 1 before them at the Hustings; and that then, if there -shall 1 n a

ZXTil HKXR \.

miscarriage of j Hustings, s' «>f intrusion

fully p iars. And they further said, that so soon as

any one should make complaint unto them of intrusion, they would forthwith do full ju*ti«v t«> the person making such complaint ; an«l that they would attach the deforciant on the surety oi pledges to appear before the

Justiciars, that so his lordship the King might there do judgment as to h intrusion — *[an averment of right] that is wholly disapproved of, as will be found set forth elsewhere under Pleas of Intrusion.

\PTER XLV. [That invjrr of battle does not lie between two persons who are free of the City, unless tJiey both consent thereto."]

Adam Roem made plaint against John Buquento, for felony and for rob- bery, and offered to prove the same, as being one of the franchise of London. John denied all, and put 2himself out of the franchise, and made offer to defend himself by his body. Adam said that he would not for him lose his franchise ; for that no man of the franchise ought to wage battle if he does not wish. It was then adjudged that John must wage his 8law, himself the 'eighteenth ; lor that since both were of the same franchise, no wager of bat tl. lay, if tlu-y did not both wish it, even though [in justice] v ought [to fight]. For that thus the strong man might put to shame weak, the young the old ; old and the weak would not be ;

to make proof by battle against the strong and ng.

viTER XL VI. [Of one irho tras attached by sureties until the holding of the Pleas of the Croirn, the accuser <lyin<j in the meantime.]

William Wilrkvn, tin A 1 1 rnian, was accused of felony. William was

• hed, by twelve pledges, until the Pleas of the Crown; in the mean-

>wever the accuser died. When the day came, the plaint was

shewn. William proffered himself to stand his trial; and win n it was

Thin in ap(iarently the meaning of the man of the City, of andthe reference i. probably to the battle.

!UU of the Iter, and not to the preaent » The Middle Law. See page 52

,,c. At thU |H.int the PleM of the It*r « /. r. with seventeen [eighteen !J oompur. •eon to end, the remaining Chapter being of gatora. to make oath with him a. to hi.

:il.U.. .I1.UP..X. ,!,!.;.

' e. offtrad to waive hi* right, M a free-

08 .TIIH.MIM M 'nil QKBAT LAW,

[B.

knowiithat the aceiiM r was dead, it was awarded tliat William shmdd remain upon the same surety as he before had had, until tin- next IM.-as of the Crown ; that is to say, if in the meanwhile any one should prosecute tin* said charge ; in which case, if any one should so prosecute it, ri^lit should be done therein. And if no one should prosecute, then William was to go acquitted; except, if by chance the King should hold him susp«ud, and the King should think proper to prosecute ; in which case he was [to < •!< tst himself by l six coinpurgators] , himself the seventh ; and if he should be cast therein, he was to be in the same plight as he would have been in as towards the [original] accuser; in such manner as has been 2 before written thereupon.

FoLttB. CHAPTER XLVII. Of Pleas of the Crown in the City of

London.

Where a man is judged by the 8Great Law, it is awarded him by the

reputable men of the City, that he must have six-and- thirty men, who with

him shall make oath, at the end of a fortnight at least, or of a month, or still

later, if the Justiciar shall so will it. And these six-and-thirty men ought to

be chosen the same day by the reputable men of the City, if the Justiciar shall

so will it, or at such other time as the Justiciar shall think proper ; that is

to say, eighteen men from the East side of 4Walebroke, and eighteen men

from the West side of Walebroke. And when they shall be thus chosen by

the men of the City — and not by a Sheriff or by the Chamberlain— their

names must be taken down in writing and delivered to the person who is to

have them. And if he shall challenge any one of them, either for Live

towards the other, or for hatred, or for kindred, or for any other thing, such

person ought to be removed, and another substituted by the reputable

men ; and a day must be assigned him, to have them ready at the end of a

fortnight, or at a further time, at the pleasure of the Justiciars. And it it

shall so happen, that he cannot have them ready at the day given him, on

the third day before such day he must shew the same unto tin- Sheriff; and

upon the day he must shew the same before the Justiciars, and the Sheriff

1 According to the Third Law. See page page 81 ante.

52 ante. •> S, -,- pa-,- r><) ///,'..

* In allusion prjliaps to Chapter XX. « Walbrook, then an open stream.

TRIM. \I LAW IN 99

1 then, upon such proof, and upon * y of the Sheriff, they must award him a ^future day].

XLYIII. Tl if n n one 8/Hi ' ujwn trial by tin Gr- ' I.

>pt for ho>/t>'ri>t< .

It should also be known, that no man ought to be put upon trial by the

I .aw, except for the greatest cause that can be ; such as, for the

h of a man, and that with pursuit, and with cry raised, and with witness

thereto ; or for * hamsoken apparent, and for doors broken and hewn down,

and pursuit thereon ; and for wounds open and apparent, and the like

ters. For there is no law in London that puts a man to death or in

1 of limb, exeept this law. And therefore it is necessary that there

should be some great reason to call for trial by this law. For as to the

other laws waged in Picas of the Crown, such as sthat by eighteen men, if

t hf persons are cast, they are only amerced in property, and the amount of

their 'Were, that is to say, one hundred shillings. And in this [latter]

case, the accused makes oath three times, whieh the English call *'*rv-

In this he has to make oath three times, each time himself the

6sLv for the dignity of the Court and for the honour of

ice.

on trial by the Great Law, the accused makes oath but once, and

the first of all, by 7 reason of the great peril is in finding

( -01 n pur gators. For if a single person should fail him or r« tra. t, then

[the accused] is a dead man, and ju-t tin- sanyj as though he had been

COIUJM. n-d in the 8 field. And by reason of this great peril ho makes oath

but 9once in trial by the Great Law, and then the others alter him.

some say that if the accused is a husband and a landholder, it is necessary

her* u up « The • aerenth.' according to |«ge 52,

» I.e. houae-brcakinR. M I '

Uw. See page 52 onto M exact reaaon, however, ia by no

N eatabliahed price or fine for hoiui- moan* apparent eide; paid par King for the loaa of « ager of battle,

a aubjoct, partly to the lord whoae raaaal he • Hut aee page 50. where it aaya that in

waa, and par next of kin of the the Great Law the accused haa to make

party alain. The Were waa of Anglo-Saxon oath aix times ; i. t. before each aix of hi*

• •I i ^ ; M

100 -»;F. IX ACCrSATIOXS OF HOMICIDE. [B. I.

that his jurors also should be husbands and should hold lands in the City. But the accused may rightfully have with him Bachelors or widowers, provided they be lawful men ; and the 2like as to the convc

CHAPTER XLIX. That a person accused in Pleas of the Croicn may defend himself as against the King with six compurgators.

If the King prosecutes any man at the Pleas of the Crown, without tin iv being an accuser, and says that he is in fault, and that the King suspects him; it ought to be awarded unto him that he defend himself [by 8six compurgators], himself the seventh ; and if he is cast, he is in just the same plight as he would have been in if he had had an accuser against him ; that is to say, if as against his accuser he had been cast, so as to incur amercement of property, it would be the like in this case ; and the same as to his Were of one hundred shillings : and so, if he had been cast to peril of life or limb, it would be the like in this case.

CHAPTER L. Where a person is slain within the City.

If a person is slain within the City, a Sheriff ought to come, and hold Inquisition of the 4 venue, as to who slew him. And if any person is accused by the venue, it is the Sheriff's duty to attach the person so accused, until it is known whether any one shall think proper to prosecute him before the Justiciars for the death of the person so slain.

Foi. 86 A. CHAPTER LI. [The procedure] when a person accuses another of the

crime of homicide.

If any one shall say of another that he has slain a person, and shall refuse to give pledges that he will prosecute, the accused, according to the law of the City, ought not to be attached ; nor for any other considera- tions ought the accused to be put upon sureties, unless the accuser L security that he will prosecute.

1 /. e. if he thinks proper. * I. e. by the Thinl page 52.

2 /. e. if they should not be bachelors or 4 Or \i^nu«, ,,r widowers.

101

<'ii\rn :i LI I. The ntn- >m of bail by

According to the ancient law of the City, it has always been the usage to bail men accused of homicide upon good and safe pledgee.

\PTER LIII. [Of ilwth of the accused before the holding of the Pleas

of the Crown.']

If a person is accused as concerning the Pleas of the Crown, and is put upon sureties, and it so happens that he dies before the plea is held, his sureties ought to announce his death before the Justiciars upon the day on which such plea should have been held, and so go acquitted of their suretyship.

CHAPTER LIV. [Of outlawry of the accused at the Folkmote, at suit of the

accusers; and not otherwise, unless by content of the Justiciars.'] When any accuser prosecutes for the death of a person, and the accused does not appear on reasonable summonses on him made, according to the statutes of the City, there being no one to give security that he will produce him to take his trial, such person must be outlawed at the Folkmote. But here is no accuser to prosecute for the death, such person must not be ';iwed, although Otherwise he may be charged therewith, unless by consent of the Justiciars.

M K LV. Of disseizin without judgment g

If a person shall * disseise another, without judgment given, as holding in fee and of his own right, the Sheriff ought, of his judicial authority, to summon together the Alderman and neighbours of the venue, and enquire hem upon oath and in virtue of the fealty which they owe unto his -hip the King, whether such person has been disseised without judg- ment given. And if it bo so, then upon their legul f -hull

restore seisin to him, and shall put the disscisor upon good sureties u: the holding of the Pleas of the Crown.

VI. Of the Assize established in the realm by his lordship the l\ »j as to recognisance of Novel Dissn

he time when the Assize was established in the realm by his lordship u the mitt of th, ve him of pomnmvn of * freehold

102 PBOI s OF ROHIII :i:v, KTC. [B.i.

the King of recognizance of ] [Novel] Disseisin, the form of Inquisition before-mentioned was shewn unto him and the Justiciary And it pleased them to grant permission unto the citizens that they should retain it ; the same Inquisition namely, although sometimes by exercise of force and at the caprice of the Justiciars such recognizances were taken at the Tower. After this had been shewn unto them, they granted permission unto the citizens, and allowed them, to retain the ancient liberties of the City.

CHAPTER LVII. Of robbery and breach of the peace.

Robbery, breach of the peace, rape, felony, mayhem, arson, and assault prepense, — against all these and the like, denial may be made [by the accused] both before and after 2counsel taken thereon. But if a person has appealed another before the Sheriffs of 3tollage, and the person accused has not denied the tollage charged, even though such person may make denial word for word, he shall be amerced by the Sheriff; because he did not [originally] make denial of *tollage and so enter upon his defence as against the accuser.

CHAPTER LVIII. Of suretyship for a person in a cause ich'n-h jn-Halns unto

the Croicn.

Where it happens that the sureties for a person in a cause which pertains unto [the Pleas of] the Crown, cannot either produce him to takt his trial or save his day, each and every of them is to be adjudged to j.ay his 5Were, an amercement namely of one hundred shillings. And fin-tin i, enquiry must be made of them if they are willing to produce him to take his trial; if they say 'yes/ a day shall be given them; but if not, they shall, on such amercement, go acquitted ; and the accused shall be out- lawed according to the laws, and customs, and statutes of the City.

1 Disseisin made since the last Iter, Eyre, 4 The meaning apparently is, that he must or Circuit. make denial 1

2 The time given to the accused for pro- taken,' ami th;it d« nial solely after counsel paring his defence was called his ( own/turn, ' t.ik.-n will n<>t sav«- him.

or « counsel' -ee page 99 ant*, Note 4 8 .Illegal toll extorted by violence.

PI.IIJ 11 VIUI.ITY 01 : M.

\\. Of a < (fe.

In tlic Wardenship of ^William do] Haverhill, one Lodowic, a goldsmith, slew his wife, and fled to the church of Saint Mary of Staningelauc ; and [there] by permission of the Justiciars he abjured the King's realm. When afterwards the plaint was shewn at the Pleas of the Crown, enquiry was made by the Justiciars, and it was asked who were the sureties of the said Lodowic ; and some of them would have it that such sureties ought to be amerced, because they did not produce him at the day, there to take his trial. A long debate arising upon the point, Symon de

• shulle declared, against Richard de 1 1 1 -riot, that the sureties of Lod< ought to go acquitted ; for that when the body of a misdoer has abjured

King's territory, and this by sanction of the King, in such case the King's justice is saved and the misdoer has satisfied justice ; seeing that it is by the King's sanction and desire that such liberty should be inherent in the dignity of the Church. And that as it is by the King's will, his justice in such case is saved, and the sureties go acquitted. And accord-

!\ , they went acquitted.

CHAPTER LX. That no one of a liberty out of the jurisdiction nuty hold a Court irith A-s* -ectnen.

hard de Ueriet says, that no one of a ^liberty out of the jurisdi may hold a Court, or give judgment, with K>ss than twelve freemen at the least; and that he is bound, if required, to give warranty for siu-li twelve men before the Justiciars and elsewhere. And further, that if any plea is pleaded in presence of less than tint number, such proceedings are <> force.

ini: I.XI. Atwccr [to be made'] to a certain <iu<*tion [touching the

/•/iV« of the City}.

It ] i • hance a question should arise where persons may desire to quote a precedent [against us], saying that we have acted in contravention of our liberties and customs, and the like, as in the matter of writs sent by

1 Wanton of the City in the year 1217. :il i ,,urt of a Soke, or place within the City,

ll.niv III but of exclusive jurimliction. In no other

* Liu-rally, s.f the free foreign;* a term iiwtance, perhape, b thi» term to bt met

104 Ml NfloM I) AT THi: 1 [B. I.

the King or the Justiciars, which, though in derogation of our liberties, have yet been received by us and acted upon — in the case oi Richard Fitz-Symon, for example — answer is to be made, that such does not militate against the liberties of the City ; for that whatever proceed took place therein, the same was done at ] their will and by their procuring ; inasmuch as each of them, of his own accord and spontaneously, a- in derogation of his liberties, in the same way that many others have often done. And that therefore our liberties have not been imperilled then l>y ; for that it is allowable to every one to renounce his rights and libcrt ies, and to do battle against the same, if he thinks proper, and the like. But still, this does not prejudice, nor ought to prejudice, the others, who, remaining in enjoyment of their liberties, have waived none of them.

CHAPTER LXII. Of ^Articles touching his lordship the King, to le mentioned at the Her of the Justiciars.

Of default made in appearing before the Justiciars. Of those who are at the King's mercy, and have not been amerced. Of old Pleas of the Crown which have been formerly holden before the Justiciars, and have not been determined. Of new Pleas which have since arisen. Of youths of high parentage and of damsels, who are, and who ought to be, in tin- wardship of his lordship the King; in whose wardship they are, and through whom, and what is the value of their lands. Of escheats of his lordship the King; what such lands are, and who hold them, and through whom, and what is the value thereof. Of demesnes which are in the gift of the King ; what they are, and who hold them, and through whom, and how much the lands thereof arc worth. Of churches which an in the gift of the King, whether the same are vacant or not ; which are such churches, and who holds them, and through whom. Of purprest i made upon the King, by land or by water, or elsewhere; what they are, and who has made them, and through whom. Of measures made through- out the realm ; whether the same are observed in such manner as was commanded, and ii' any one has given reward to the wardens of such measures, that by 3ii!«-;iMms they may sell or buy; and tin's is to bo

'The citi/t-n I in that case; III. (JK-IJ, th«-

whose names are not im-ntinncil, uorany j Ij given,

tirul.-irs of the case gi Sec jwgea G9— 7 1

2 T:. My, . measure

i Itur of later date than the 28 iiciir.

Pt.ii.) OF KS. IN.}

>od of all measures, as well of wine as of corn, and all measures [of

rth]. Of wines sold contrary to the assize, and who has sold the same.

Of treasures-trove, what they are, and who found the same. Of Christian

usurers who have died, who they were, and what chattels they had. Of

ttels of French or of Flemings, or of enemies of the King, that have been

seized ; what the chattels are that have been so seized, and who holds the

same. ( >f ehuttels of Jews who have Veil slain, ami of their dehts, ami

deeds, and securities ; who such Jews were, and who holds their securities

or deeds. Of those who hold of the honour of Pevrel in London

and of Pevrel in Dover ; who they are, and what land they hold,

and by what service. Of outlaws, and burglars, and fugitives, and other

malefactors, and of those who have harboured them. Of the sea-ports ; if

same have been well guarded, and if any one has carried corn or oi things to the territories of the King's enemies for sale. Of those who have taken 8lack of the thirteenths ; who they are, and how much they have taken, and from whom. Of Serjeants of hundreds or others who have taken reward fn.in men on account of the thirteenths; who they are, and how much, and from whom. Of those who are wont to do injury in parks and 'piscaries ; who they are, and where they have done so, and in what parks and piscaries. Of fugitives, if any one has returned since his flight. Of i ifis or constable, or by any bailiff, against the will of those whose chattels were so taken. Of forgers and clippers of the coin.

m.u LX III. Of holding the Folfotio

Tin -re are three principal Folkmotes in the year. One is at the Feast of

Saint Michael, to know who shall bo Sheriff, and to hear the charges given.

••••••: i- 1 is at Christmas, to arrange the * Wards. The third is at the

Feast of Saint John ['J t June], to protect the City from fire, by reason of the jjTe.it drought. If any man of London neglects to attend at one of these three Folkmotes, he forty shillings to the King. But by

tain lamU in different i«irt« of tlu- * < >r tub-]

were eo call.. I. win, h had belonged urw of wine or provision, in the

• Peverel. and had eachealed King's name.

• For thf purj-M,', |.nil«l»ly. of duly

'iich each faucet are deficient keeping watch and ward throughout the • . . -v, ...;/.: i s . , .. •

106 I HI. LAWS AS TO FULLERS AND WBAl [B.i.Pt.n.

the law of London, the Sheriff ought to enquire after him whom he shall think proper, that is to say, whether he is there or not. And if there be any one who is not there, and he is there enquired after, such person ought to be summoned to the Hustings, if he is bound to abide by the law of the City. If the good man says that he was not summoned, the same must be known through the bedel of the Ward. If the bedel says at the EEt&stingfl that he was summoned, [even] where it is proved that the bedel has no other witness, no [witness] needs he have, save the great boll that is rung for the Folkmote at St. Paul's.

[The law as to wearers and fullers.]

It should be known, that no weaver or fuller may dry cloth or tenter the same, or go for the purposes of any traffick out of the City ; nor may they sell their cloths to any foreigner, but only to the traders of the City. And if it so happen that any one of the weavers or of the fullers, for his gain, shall attempt to go out of the City for the purposes of traffick, it is fully lawful for the reputable men of the City to take all those chattels, and bring them back to the City, and to deal with those chattels as with chattels forfeited, by award of the Sheriffs and reputable men of the City. And if any weaver J[or fuller should sell to any foreigner his cloth, the foreigner loses the chattel, and the other remains at the mercy of the City for as much as he has. Neither weaver nor fuller may buy even that which per- tains unto his craft, unless he make satisfaction to the 2Sheriff each year. Nor may any freeman be attainted by a weaver or by a fuller ; nor may they bear witness. And if any one of them becomes rich so as to wish to forsake his craft, let him forswear it, and all looms he shall remove from his house. And if he do thus much as towards the City, let him be of the franchise : 3and [this] of the custom of London, as they say.]

Foi. 37 B. CHAPTER LXIV. [An Ordinance renewed as to distresses

the Sheriffs.'] On the Monday next before the Feast of Saint Gregory the Pope [12

1 The whole of this passage has been in- » For his share of tli- f.-nn ..f -JO marks

serted by mistake, and at this point the due yearly from the Weavers of London to

transcriber has become aware of his error and the King.

has stopped short ; the remaining portion is 8 This passage seems to be imperfect, as

translated from the Liber Oustu marum, folio 72. given in the original.

w.i.) PROCEPT « ASES OP SEQUESTRATION. 107

March], in the thrce-aiul-l«>rti< tli year of the reign of King Ilenry, son of _• Jnhn, Mion assent it was provided, and command was given

unt.» the Sheriffs, that when they shall come to a place to make distress tin-rein, and ••annot make the same by reason of some obstruction or fast ing, they shall, in virtue of their office, open such fastening in view of the reputable men of the neighbourhood, and shall perform their du

VPTER LXV. Of tfie like on proof of testaments.

Also, it was ordered that on probate of testaments, if any person shall make any claim upon probate of a testament, still, the probate of such testament shall be admitted, provided the witnesses make deposition as to such being the last will of the testator; saving always to the claimant his right of challenge in respect of such testament.

VPTER LXVI. Of t/te like, when sequestration has been made upon a person, and he allows such sequestration to be made, but refuses to be amenable to justice.

At a Congregation holden on the Saturday next after the Feast of Saint

hnlomew the Apostle [24 August], in the three-and-thirtieth year of

reign of King Edward, son of King Ilmry. by John le Blount, Mayor,

and the Alderman HH r<>n-m« ntioned, as also by four men of each Ward,

. it was ordained, and by common consent agreed, that when seque> ii"ii has been made by a bailiff of the City upon any eiti/.en of London for a debt due to the City, by barring up his doors, or in any other way, and allows of such sequestra tini i, but remains in contempt as to king sati.staetinn and declines to be amenable to justice, by view of the 13 persons such sequestra t >n may be removed,

and the fastening opened and withdrawn by the bailiff; who may then form his duty, and make due execution the; etc.

1 \ Y 1 1 [That no one who removes and trithdrait* his goods shall enjoy free **nunons to plead.}

Also, that no one sh o summons to plead, according to the

' Said in reference to the volume from which the extract has boon made.

108 OKDI \^ TO THK KT.YS or > CB.I. run.

usage of the City, who is seen and proved to have removed and withdrawn his goods, in deceit of the demandant, and for the withholding and nulli- fying of the debt from him due, etc.

CHAPTER LXVIII. [Of appraisers of pledf/cs in the Court of the Mayor

or Sheriffs.]

Also, that in all cases where persons shall have appraised pledges in tli. Court of the Mayor or Sheriffs, or before the Chamberlain, such appraisers shall have the goods appraised for the price assessed, unless the demandant shall be willing to take them at the same price.

CHAPTER LXIX. An ordinance renewed a& to the keys of Neugate and

the Cocket.

On the Tuesday next after the Feast of Saint Michael, in the three-and- thirtieth year of the reign of King Edward, son of King Henry, by John le Blount, Mayor, and the Aldermen, it was ordained, and by common con- sent established, that from thenceforth in future the Sheriffs of London for the time being should, upon the Vigil of Saint Michael, on vacating their office, restore into the hands of the Mayor for the time being the keys of Neugate, the docket, and all other things unto the aforesaid Sheriffwick pertaining and belonging ; and that the said Mayor should deliver the same, by assent of his Aldermen, unto such one of the [new] Sheriffs as he should think expedient, etc.

CHAPTER LXX. The verdict of the Aldermen as to the testament of Osbcrt 'de Suffolk.

On the Wednesday of the Vigil of our Lord's Ascension, in the one-and- thirtieth year of the reign of King Edward, son of King Henry, by John 1. Blount, Mayor of London, Elias Russel, Adam de Rokesle, Richard Gloucestre, William de Betoigne, Thomas Romayn, John de A\\ IK grave, John de Vinetrie, Richere de Refham, Ralph de Honylane, Nicholas Picot, John de Armenters, John de Dunstaple, Nicholas de Farndone,

FoL 38 A.

Henry de Gloucestre, Walter de Finchingfelde, and Engh Ponrfe,

Aldermen, it was with unanimous assent and consent .ml eaeh of

1 See page 40 ante

TEow.n.] WRIT TO TI: TKS OF THK I'KnViNVF. or . 109

them, <.\< rally examined as to his decision thereupon, did declare, that h« irs of the blood of Osbert de Suffolk were excluded from all right of h ship in tin' tenement which belonged to the aforesaid Osbert in Corde- wanerestrete, in the parishes of Saint Mary-le-Bow and Saint Mary-de- ^Mdermannechurche, by the testament of the aforesaid Osbert, proved and enrolled in the Hustings holden at London on the Monday next after the 'Invention of the Holy Cross [3 May], in the twelfth year of King Edward aforesaid ; Walter de Finchingfeld and Henry de Gloucestre excepted, who did not in all respects agree thereto. But they said, that so much of the said testament, as was enrolled was the [last] will of the testator, and that the same held good and ought to be received, etc.

Afterwards, on the Friday next after the Feast of Saint Valentine the Martyr [14 February], in the three-and-thirtieth year of the King afore- said, it was agreed and unanimously ordained, by John le Blount, Mayor of London, John do Wengrave, William de Leyre, Walter de Finchingfelde,

acre de Refham, John de Dunstaple, Hugh Pourte, Adam de Fulham, Adam do Rokesle, John de Vynetrie, Salomon le Cotiller, Aldermen, and Roger de Paris, Sheriff, that Ralph Godchep, John de Wrytele, Stephen de Uptone, and Willi-im 1- Barber, spicer, parishioners of the church of Saint Mary-lc-Bow, sworn upon touch of the Holy Evangelists, should, upon •view, ordinance, and consent of the aforesaid John, the Mayor, sell the houses aforesaid for the most money that they might ; and that, from the monies so received, they should moke provision for divine service to be

1 >ratcd for the souls of the said Osbert and Anna his wife, and of all the iul departed, according to the form in his testament contained; and as to all monies remaining, over and above [the foundation of] the

itry aforesaid, they should well and truly pay the same towards the repair of London Bridge.

•M R LXXI. *Writ of King Edward, son of King *ffenryt tent to ike prelate* of the Province t>- < 'bury a* to certain Articles to be treated

of in the Council <>/ that Province.

<• King unto our dearly beloved in Christ, the Abbata, Priors, and

1 A mistake for • AMermariechttfchft.' an orerwght, M they bare nothing whatever

* See page 05 ante. m common with the mitten of which it

> TheeeChapUr*, down to Chapter LXXV., prof mum to treat

hare hem inaerted in Ltor A Urn* by • An error for 'Bdwa.

110 DISCVSSTON IN 1'KoviNn \i < m NCII A< TO Tin: TI.MI'I.AI^. [B.I.PI.U.

'other men of the houses of the religious in the Province of Canterbury ' unto our patronage belonging, aud unto their proctors shortly about to 'come together, greeting. We have heard from some that the vener. 'father R[obert], Archbishop of Canterbury, is exerting himself an<l is ' striving to induce you, as also others of the clergy of his Province afore- ' said, to consent to a certain aid or collection upon you and the 4 clergy of his own proper authority to be assessed. Seeing therefore that ' the assessment of such aid and contribution, — or your consent thereto — ' if made upon the goods of your houses which have been founded of the ' alms of our progenitors, former kings of England, and this, without our ' assent being required thereunto, would manifestly tend to the diminishing ' of the alms aforesaid and to the prejudice of our Crown, — we do com- ' mand you, in virtue of the fealty in which unto us you are bound, and ' do strictly forbid you, without our will being known thereupon, in any 'way to give your consent or assent to the assessing of any aid or ' collection upon yourselves, or upon others of the clergy aforesaid, as ' before-stated, or to the making of any contribution towards such ' collection with others of the clergy, if it shall so happen that the same ' shall upon them have been assessed. Witness myself, at New Castle ' upon Tyne, the first day of May in the fifth year of our reign.'

Fol.88u. CHAPTER LXXII. Matters to be treated of in the Prorin<-ial

Council as to the Templars.

lThe first Article is, that a certain Templar, brother Thomas de Lindeseye by name, says that before his arrest he fled to Ireland ; but now he has made repeated offers to take his trial. What is to be done with him, s< that, upon examination in conformity with the 2Apostolic mandat* admits nothing to his detriment ?

Certain Templars of this Province are demanded by women to be adjudged unto them as their husbands, by reason of marriage contracted before they entered the Order of the Temple. What in such case is to be done?

1 The Answers to these Questions are given 2 Allusion is, perhaps, ma.l. t«. the Bull in Chapter LXXIV. The particulars of issued by Pope C'l» u; \ un>t th« these cases it is probably impossible now to T.-inj.hrs, August )

T. El.'.v 1 1 1

Some individuals 1 lim-d in the state of penance enjoined them

for half a year and more. Is it expedient to enquiiv if th<-y ha\ - the penances so imposed, and in what way, and as to how they have

«-d themselves du n-aid r

Fora-much as by the Letters Apostnlir it is the Apostolic award that

^es made against individuals <>f the Order of the Temple are to be

proceeded with, y may be acquitted or condemned thereon, and as

•^uch proceedings have been finally taken against three persons only,

:n n, Thomas, and John, — what is to be done as against them, or in

tut ure cases that may arise?

CHAPTER LXXIII. Matters to be treated of in the Provincial Council for •'<• good of ';/* ami of the Church.

In the first place, many Ordinances have been lately made, to the honour of God, and to the well-being of the Church, the advantage of his lord- ship the King, 1 : <>t' th«* realm, and the succour of the poor and oppressed, as on inspection t y appears; the which we pi "Intes have made 'corporal oath, saving our order, to observe and main- tain. Are we bound by this our oath to the observance of the same in so far as concerns our own persons only, or to cause the same to be observed, saving our order, by other persons, so far as we may? It

:ue of our oath we are not bound to both, are we, at all events, in duty of our office bound to both, in so far as advantageously and becomingly we niayP

losing that by \irtuc of our oath or in duty of our office we are

bound to both, would it be lawful and expedient for us to fortify the said

inaiices by sentence of 4Major Excomnnmi. -atinn, that •.«> all who

conf the same shall ip*o facto incur the penalties of excommu-

niration?

"Would it be lawful and e\]» .Midy t« denounce as excommuni-

cated those who have co; <1 the said Ordinances, on the nuthorii

> This passage M ao mutilated M to be » An oath made while touching the e*n almost wholly unintelligible. IU meaning ponk, or cloth that covered the sacred can only be distantly guessed at

• Ordinances for the better government of « Severance from all communication with the realm, exacted by the nobles from Ed- the faithful, and from participation in the war- 1 Sacramento of the Church.

112 \\-\VF.T5S TO THE ARTICLES SO FROFOSrn. [B. i. Pt. n.

the Council of Oxford, declared by the Council of sLrnnhhetho, when by so doing they shall have disturbed the peace of the realm?

Would it be lawful and expedient by notorious method to take pro- ceedings against those who have violated the said Ordinances ? and in what manner ?

"Would it be expedient to signify unto his lordship the Pope and the Cardinals the public good that from observance of the said Ordinances may accrue, and the evils and inconveniences which it is feared may arise if the same are not observed ?

Would it be expedient to admonish the Earls and nobles of the realm, who have made corporal oath that they will observe and maintain the Ordinances aforesaid, that they must duly observe such oaths, and to denounce unto the same, that unless they shall observe them in so far as they may, it may seem proper to proceed most rigorously against them, if there shall be any other advantageous methods [of so doing], for the public good of the realm and the well-being of the Church ?

If by virtue of our oath we are not bound to both, are we, at all events, in duty of our office bound to both, in so far as advantageously and becom- ingly we may ?

Foi. 39 A. CHAPTER LXXIV. Answer to the Articles as to the Tvini>1«rx.

He must be admitted canonically [to plead] in form of law.

[Such claims] must be admitted in so far as law demands and requires.

It is not expedient to make the enquiry, unless previously there shall have been public report thereon.

Proceedings must be taken according to past proceedings, with a view to condemnation or acquittal.

CHAPTER LXXV. Answer to the Articles as to the public good.

By force of their oath in so far as themselves are concerned, and as in duty of their office bound in so far as others.

It is expedient to fortify the said Ordinances by sentence of excommu- nication.

It is expedient to denounce publicly those who have contravened the said Ordinances.

1 Or, perhaps, more properly, 'Synod.' l.;iml>fth.

••".] 0V i in: n 1 1:;

n who notoriously oif'eiid muflt be notoriously punMu d ; but the of inflirtinjr punishment must be left toth ' i >n of the judge,

in a< • witli tli. ailt.

It is not expedient I'm- the present to send unto his lordship the Pope. It is expedient so to 'admonish. It is a matter for de-lib* ration.

X XVI.] Chart an ^Preachers, made FoL39».

. son of 1\

'Edward, by the grace of God, etc., to all, etc. Whereas Gregory de K or of London, and the other Barons of the said <

our instance, in common and unanimously grant unto the venerable

' father, Robert, Archbishop of Canterbury, and unto his assigns, two

' lanes adjoining unto his place of Castle Baynard and the Tower of

M : t , the same to be stopped and enclosed for the enlargement of

' the place aforesaid, provided that he should assign unto them a like

'way, and one as convenient to the community of tin- City ; and whereas

'we have learned from the aforesaid Mayor and Barons of the said <

t tlu> said An-hbishop has now caused to be made an even In-tin- way,

1 one more < 'it to the community of the xiid city, than were

4 t lie lanes aforesaid ; — We do, for ourselves and our heirs, so far as in us

iul confirm unto th -named Archbishop, and

• unto his assigns, the grant aforesaid. That so, neither our Barons of '!*>: ivsiM, by reason of th t aforesaid, nor the before-

hbishop, nor his assigns, by reason of such change of ways, ' shall, bet'.. iv nu. :rs Itinerant at the Tower of London, in future be

* disturbed or molested, on the ground of purpresture made as to the lanes

ie>;iid. In testimony where* uess my> \\'estmin>'

h day of.) tu fourth year of our reign.'

• rnotvrr* i» no doubt an error ' Or Dominicans.

BOOK II.

Foi. 40 A. A TABLE OF CHARTERS OF THE LIBERTIES OF THE CUT. Charters of his lordship William, late King of England.

First, a Charter of his lordship William, late King of England, in the Saxon tongue.

Also, another Charter of the same King William, in the same tongue.

Charter of King Henry the First.

Also, a Charter of his lordship Henry, late King of England, in which are contained the articles that follow, namely : —

1. First, of the Sheriffwick of London and Middlesex lto ferm let unto the citizens of London for three hundred pounds.

2. Also, that the citizens of London shall appoint as Sheriff such one from among themselves as they shall think proper.

3. Also, that the said citizens shall appoint such person as Justiciar from among themselves as they shall think proper, to keep the Picas of tlm Crown, and to hold such pleas ; and that no other person shall be Justiciar over the said men of London.

4. Also, that the citizens of London shall not plead without the walls of the City in any plea.

5. Also, that the citizens of London shall be quit of 2Scot and Lot,

1 7. «. let at a yearly rental for purposes of state; ' KoC meaning the

'This term is derived from the Anglo- money paid, and 'lot' tin- i«ro|M»rtion in which Saxon, and signifies all taxes levied rateably the assessment was made.

CITY R OF HKNKY THK FIRST. 115

and l I ' , and 2 murder ; and that no one of them shall wage

•le.

6. Also, if any one of the d -hall be iinpleaded in Pleas of the Crown, such man of London shall Meraign himself by such 'oath as shall be adjudged in the City.

7. Also, that no one shall be 'harboured within the walls of the City ; and that no lodging shall be delivered to any one l>\

household of his lordship the King or of any other household.

8. Also, that all men of London shall be quit and free, and all tin ir goods throughout all England and the sea-ports, of toll, 7 passage, 8lastage, and all other customs.

Also, that the Churches, and Barons, and citizens may have and hold quietly and in peace their Sokes, with all their customs. It being understood that the guests who shall be tarrying in the Sokes shall pay customs to no other than him to whom such Soke shall belong, or to the officer whom he shall have there appointed.

10. Also, that no man of London shall be amerced in a sum of money • >nd his Were, namely, one hundred shillings ; — in pleas, that is to say,

1 1. Also, that there shall no longer be 'Miskcnning in the Hustings, or ie Folkmote, or in any other pleas holdcn within the City.

I -. Also, that the Hustings shall sit once in the week, on '•ly.

Also, that the Kin;* will cause the citizens of London to have U, and securities, and debts, within tin- City and without; and as to h they shall make claim before him, he shall have right done < m according to the law <»t' tlu ( V

II Also, that if any person shall take toll or custom from the men of

V contribution originally paid to the * l.r. the oath of six, eighteen, or th»

King for the porpoee of pacifying the Denei. six oompurgators.

It WM ntill levied long after the Danish * Against the will of the eituena.

times, and waa only abohahed by King 7 A toll levied for passage over ferric*.

1 A custom levied upon wares told 1

' A penalty paid by the inhabitants of a last.

hundred where a murder waa committed. • A fine paid for faults or variations made

• Or judicial combat* in support of the in pleadings ; the word • nuakenning * mean-

justice of his cause.

«. clear, or pur.

116 <m < iiAKir.K <>F HKNRY THK >K(:ONI>. [B.n.

London, the citizens of London in the City shall take from the borough or vill, where such toll or custom shall have been taken, as much as such men of London shall have given for toll and have receiv<xl in damage therefrom.

15. Also, that the citizens of London shall have their grounds for hunting, as well and as fully as their ancestors had; namely, in ^hiltiv, Middlesex, and Surrey.

Charter of King Henry the Second.

16. That no one of the citizens shall plead without the walls of the City, except as to tenures held without, etc.

17. Also, that the citizens shall have acquittance of murder within the City and in the 2Portsoken.

18. Also, that no one of them shall wage battle.

19. Also, that as to Pleas of the Crown they may deraign themselves, — as above.

20. Also, that within the walls of the City no one shall take lodging by force, or by livery of the 3 Marshal.

21. Also, that they shall be quit of toll, lastage, etc., throughout all England.

22. Also, that no one shall be amerced in money, except according to the law of the City.

23. Also, that in no plea shall there be Miskenning.

24. Also, that the Hustings shall be holden once only in the week.

25. Also, that the citizens shall have their lands and tenures, and their securities.

26. Also, that pleas shall be holden in London as to all debts which have been contracted [in London], and as to their securities.

27. Also, if any person shall take toll or any other custom from men <>f London, after such person shall have failed of right, the Sheriffs of London shall take distress in London for the same.

1 The Chiltern district, in Oxfordshire and 3 An officer of the royal househol

Buckinghamshire. of whose duties it was to ]'i.«vi<U- lodgings for

- /. e. the liberties of the City without the sovereign and his retinue. the walls ; in the vicinity of Aldgate.

1 1 MITER OF RICHARD THE FIK- 117

28. Also, that th. - shall have their grounds for hunting,

wherever they had the same before in the time of King Henry.

Also, that the citizens of London shall be quit of ^rudtol, and •ChiMwite. ami V. n^m, and *Scotale; and that a Sheriff of London shall not make Scota!

Charter of Richard the First.

30. That no one of th« .s shall plead without the walls <>:

City in any plea except a plea as to tenures held without, moneyers and officers of the King excepted.

''1. That the citizens shall have acquittance of murder within the

y and in the Portsoken.

32. Also, that no one of them shall wage battle.

33. Also, that as to pleas pertaining unto the Crown they may deraign 1 1 1 • niselves, <

Also, that no one shall take lodging by force within the walls of the City, or in the Portsoken.

35. Also, that the citizens shall be quit of toll and all other custom, etc.

36. Also, that no one shall be amerced in money, except according to

: i\v of th,- City.

Also, that in no plea shall there be Miskenuing. 88. A No, that tli« Hustings shall be holden once only in the week.

•{!>. Also, as to land* and trnuivs in the <'ity ol' I...iul..n, ami a< to

securities, right shall be done unto them

40. Also, if any person shall take toll <>r any «.thrr custom from the men of London, the Sheriffs shall take distress in London for the same, etc.

1 1 . Also, that t : . is shall have their grounds for hunting, whcre-

' Or Pontage, toll for pacing over or under entering upon an office. It eeemt not inv

bridge* probable that a oompolnry new year's K

» The penalty for begetting a child on a the Sovereign i. the true meaning of the

lord's bond.woman. word.

' The meaning ol this term ie unknown; • M. u , i i >i s

a'heriot' has been Mggarted at Hi aigniflea, for ticenee to brew or eeD ale. la tion, i. e. a contribution of military store* ; inetanoea, this word admito of rariow abo a fine paid to UM King*.

118 CITY CHARTER OF KING JOHN. [B. n.

42. Also, that the citizens of London shall be quit of Brudtol, and Childwite, etc. — as above.

A Second Charter of the same Richard.

43. That all l Kidels that are in the Thames shall be removed, where- soever they may be, etc.

44. Also, the same King remitted claim of that which the Wardens of

his Tower at London were wont to receive yearly on account of

FoLilA.

the Kidels aforesaid.

Charter of King John.

45. That no one of the citizens shall plead without the walls of the City, except — as above.

46. Also, that the citizens shall be quit of murder within the City and in the Portsoken.

47. Also, that no one of them shall wage battle.

48. Also, that as to pleas pertaining unto the Crown they may dcraign themselves, etc.

49. Also, that within the walls of the City, or in the Portsoken, no one shall take lodging by force, or by livery of the Marshal.

50. Also, that the citizens shall be quit of toll and all other custom, throughout all lands of the King, on this side of the sea and beyond, and throughout the sea-ports on this side of the sea and beyond.

51. Also, that no one of the citizens shall be amerced in money, except according to the law of the City.

52. Also, that within the City in no plea shall there be Miskenning.

53. Also, that the Hustings shall be holden once in the week.

54. Also, that the citizens shall have their lands, tenures, securities, and all their debts, etc.

55. And that as to lands and tenures within the City, right shall lx> done unto them according to the usage of the City.

56. And if any person shall, in any of the lands of his lordship the King, on this side of the sea or beyond, or in the sea-ports on this sid

i Wears formed in rivers, and provided with nets for intercepting fish.

CITY CHARTER OF KING JOHN. 119

the sea or beyond, take toll or any other custom from the men of London, etc., the Sheriffs of London shall take distress for the same, etc.

57. Also, that 6 us shall have their grounds for hunting wher- ever they had the same in the time of King Henry, grandsire of Henry, our father.

58. Also, that the citizens shall be quit of Brudtol, Childwite, Yeres- give, and Scotale.

A Second Charter of the tame John.

59. That the citizens shall have the Sheriffwick of London and Mid- dlesex, etc., for three hundred pounds, — as above.

60. Also, that the citizens shall make from among themselves Sheriffs, whom they will, and shall remove them when they will, etc.

61. Also, if the Sheriffs for the time being shall commit any offence whereby they ought to incur an amercement in money, they shall not be condemned, at most, in more than a sum of twenty pounds. ('If anything is granted by the King as concerning the Sheriffs, the same ought to be accounted for [to the citizens].)

A Third Charter of the same John.

62. That all Kidcls that are in the Thames or in the Medewaye, wheresoever, etc., shall be removed ; and that in future no Kidels shall be placed anywhere, und. r i'»ric -iture often pounds.

63. Also, the same King remitted claim of all that the Wardens of his Tower at London were wont to receive yearly on account of the Kidels a Inn-said.

64. That the Barons of the City of London shall choose for themselves each year a Mayor from among themselves, who shall be a trusty man, discreet, and proper. JY..\ Mod always, that, when so elected, he shall bo presented unto his lordship the King, or, in the King's absence, unto his Justiciar, etc.

1 n.in b merely a gloee cH-intertineation. granted in the 3rd year of John, the » In date, thu Charter ahauld come After in the 16th. that next mentioned ; the latter baring been

120 CITY CHARTER OF HENRY THE THIRD. IB. it.

65. Also, that the said citizens shall have well and in peace,

Fol 4 1 ii

freely, quietly, and wholly, all their liberties which they have hitherto enjoyed, as well in the City of London as without, and as well by water as by land.

1 Another Charter of the same John.

66. That the Guild of "Weavers shall no longer be in the Citv of London, and shall on no account be revived.

Charter of Henry the Third.

67. That the citizens shall have the Sheriffwick of London and Mid- dlesex for three hundred pounds sterling.

68. Also, that the citizens shall make from among themselves Sheriffs, whom they will, and shall remove them when they will.

69. Also, that they shall present the Sheriffs whom they have made, unto the Justiciars of his lordship the King, etc.

A Second Charter of the same Henry.

70. That the Barons of London shall choose for themselves a Mayor from among themselves.

71. Also, that at the end of the year it shall be lawful for them to remove such Mayor and substitute another, if they please, or retain the same Mayor ; provided however, that the same be shewn unto us, or unto our Justiciar, if we shall not be present.

72. Also, that the citizens shall have well and in peace, freely, quietly, and wholly, all their liberties, etc,

A Third Charter of the same Henry.

73. That all Kidels that are in the Thames or in the Medewaye, where- soever they may be, shall be removed; and that in future no Ki<l«-l> >hall be placed anywhere, under forfeiture of ten pounds.

74. The same King also remitted claim of that which the W, miens of

1 Se« thp preceding Nr.tr

CJTT « HUM I K 09 THE THIRD. 1*21

his Tow- M wont to receive yearly on account of the Kidels

aforesaid.

A Fourth Charter of the same Henry.

75. That no one of the citizens shall plead without the walls of the City of London, — as above.

76. Also, that the citizens of London shall be quit of murder, etc. And that no one of them shall wage battle.

77. Also, that as to pleas pertaining unto the Crown the citizens may deraign themselves.

78. And that within the walls of the City no one shall take lodging by force, [or by livery] of the Marshal.

79. Also, that the citizens of London shall be quit of toll and all other custom, etc.

80. Also, that no one shall be adjudged to be amerced in money, except according to the law of the City, <

81. Also, that in no plea shall there be Miskcnning.

82. Also, that tin Hustings shall be holden once only in the week.

83. Also, that they shall justly hold their lands, tenures, securities, and debts.

84. And that as to their lands and tenures which are within the City, right shall be done unto them.

85. And that as to all their debts and securities, pleas shall there be holden.

80. Also, if any person shall, in any of the lands of his lordship the K ing, on this side of the sea or beyond, etc., take toll or any other custom t'n. in tli.- in. M of London, the Sheriffs of London shall in London take distress for the enm. .

87. Also, that the citizens shall have their grounds for hunting where- soever, etc.

88. Also, that the citizens shall be quit of Brudtol, and Yeresgive, and Sootale.

A Fifth Charter of the tame Henry. FoL 49 A.

That tlu- Warren of 'Stanes, with the appurtenances thereof,

in Middlesex.

122 CITY CHARTER OF HENRY THE THIRD. C». n.

shall be ^iswarrened and disafforested for ever, etc. ; and that no warrcner or forester whatsoever shall intermeddle therewith.

A Sixth Charter of the same Henri/.

90. That the Mayor and commonalty of London shall have and hold Queen-Hythe, with all liberties, customs, and other things unto it belong- ing, for fifty pounds sterling, to be paid yearly unto the 2Earl of Cornwall.

A Seventh Charter of the same Henry.

91. That the citizens of London shall have all their liberties and free customs as fully as they ever had them, etc., and shall in future freely and fully enjoy the same.

92. Also, that the Mayor whom the citizens of London shall have chosen, the King or his heirs not being at Westminster, shall be presented each year unto the Barons of the Exchequer, that by them he may be admitted as Mayor. Provided always, that upon the next return of the King or his heirs to Westminster or London, he shall be presented unto him or his heirs, and be admitted as Mayor.

93. Also, that from the sfenn of the City of London there shall be allowed to the Sheriffs each year, in their account at the Exchequer, sevm pounds for the * liberty of Saint Paul's in London.

94. Also, that the same citizens, throughout all the dominions of the King, shall be quit of toll, etc.

An Eighth Charter of the same Henry.

95. Pardon granted unto the citizens for all offences and excesses com- mitted against his lordship the King, the Queen, and others, during the disturbances that had arisen in the 6 realm, and fine imposed upon the citizens of [twenty] thousand marks.

1 Thrown open, and no longer preserved King.

as a royal hunting-ground, subject to the 4 The privilege of Soke or exclusive juris- Laws of the Forest diction, presen .1 favour to the Dean

2 Richard, King of the Romans, brother of and Chapter of St Paul's.

Henry III. * During the wars with Simon de Mont-

3 Or yearly rent of £300 paid yearly to the fort and the Barons.

CITY CHARTER OF HENRY THE TI 123

96. Also, that t ns may, throughout all lands and dominions of King, freely and without impediment, as well by sea as by land, traffic

with their commodities and merchandize in such manner as they shall see expedient.

97. And that they shall be quit of all toll and all other customs, etc.

A Ninth Charter of the same Henry.

98. That no citizen shall plead without the walls of the City, except — at a bore, and except as to those things which shall happen to be done against the King's peace, etc., and except as to pleas concerning merchandize which are wont to be determined, according to law-merchant, in boroughs and in lairs.

99. Also, of acquittance of murder granted to the citizens of London, — as above.

100. And that no one of the citizens shall wage battK.

101. Also, that the citizens of London may deraign themselves as to pleas pertaining unto the Crown, etc. ; except that they shall not be allowed precisely to 1 swear, upon the graves of the dead, as to that which the deceased would have declared had they been living, etc.

And that within the walls of the City, or in the Portsoken, no one shall take lodging by force or by livery of the Marshal.

103. Also, that the citizens of London shall be quit of toll and all other custom, — as above ; except t \vrv\vlu-iv tho due and um-k-nt sprise of

'•, that is to say, one tun before the mast and one tun behind the mast, to be paid at the rate of twenty .shillings per tun.

104. Also, that th< gs shall bo holden once in each F

105. Also, that as well foreigners as others may make tin ir attorney, both to plead and to defend, as elsewhere in the King's Courts.

106. Also, that they shall not be molested for • Miakcnning in their ]•!; lints.

» A privilege allowed to the mocused, verdict would have been, where, after election of hi* oomporgatora or * A custom paid to the Sovereign upon jura* one of them had died * it being the wine* Priaage was one of the great pre- custom to say on oath, over the deoeased's grave, what the precise nature of his intended

124 CITY CHARTER OF EDWARD THE FIRST. [B. n.

107. And that pleas shall there be holden as to all their debts and securities.

108. Also, that the citizens shall be quit of Child wite, Yeresgive, and Scotale.

109. Also, that the said citizens shall justly have and hold their lands, tenures, or securities.

110. Also, that no merchant or other person shall meet merchants coming, by land or by water, with their merchandize and provisions towards such city, for the purpose of buying or selling again, until [the same shall have been duly exposed for sale], under forfeiture of the thing bought and pain of imprisonment.

111. Also, that no one shall expose his merchandize for sale, which owes custom, until the custom so due shall have been levied, under for- feiture of the whole of such wares.

112. That no foreign merchant or other shall sell or buy any wares that ought to be weighed or troned, except by our own l beam or tron, etc.

113. Also, as to taking recognizances of debts between merchants which shall be enrolled in the Exchequer ; and that every one shall pay one penny for each pound to be enrolled in the Exchequer.

114. Also, that the citizens of London shall have all their liberties and free customs, etc., as well as to the form and manner of pleading as to all other cases whatsoever ; provided always, that such customs be not contrary to justice and rightful law.

115. Also, as to the Great Charter granted unto the freemen of the realm of England.

Charter of King Edward the First.

116. The Sheriffwick of London and Middlesex to ferm let for three hundred pounds, etc.

117. Also, that the citizens may appoint Sheriffs from among them- selves, etc. ; and if the Sheriffs shall commit any offence by reason of which they ought to incur an amercement in money, they shall not be condemned, at most, in an amercement of more than twenty pounds, etc.

1 The King's Great Beam and Tron were latter seems to have been used, more espo- used for weighing articles in gross. The cially, for w.-i-hin^ wooL

<I!V IHVHTBR OK EDWARD THE FIRST.

118. Also, that all Ki.li •!> that are in the Thames or Medeway shall be removed, etc.

1 ID. He also remitted claim of all that the Wardens of his Tower at London were wont to receive yearly on account of the Kidels aforesaid.

120. Also, that no one of the citizens shall plead without the walls of London.

121. Also, of acquittance of murder within the City and in the Portsoken.

122. Also, that no one of the citizens shall wage bat •

Also, that as to pleas pertaining unto the Crown they may deraign themselves, < •

1 . L And that no one shall take lodging by force, or by livery of the Marshal.

125. Also, that the citizens shall be quit of toll and all other custom, etc.

126. Also, that no one shall be adjudged to be amerced in money, except according to the law of the Cit

127 Also, that in the City in no plea shall there be Miskenning.

128. Also, that the Hustings shall be holden once only in each week.

129. And that they shall justly have their lands and tenures, securities, and all their debts.

130. Also, that as to their lands and tenures that are within City, right shall be done unto them.

I • I . And that as to all their debts and securities, pleas shall there be holden.

132. Also, if any person in any one of the lands of his lordship the King, on this side of the sea or beyond, etc., shall take toll or any other custom from the men of London, the Sheriffs of London shall take distresses in London for the same, etc.

133. Also, that the citizens may have their grounds for hunting where* soever they had the same in the time of King Henry, <

Also, that they shall be quit of Brudtol, ChiMwitc, Yewsgive, and

So.talr, ,-tr.

A Second Charter of King Edtcard tht Ftrtf.

That tlu- whole of the Warren of Stance, with the appurtenances of, shall be diawarrened and disafforested, etc.

126 CITY CHARTER OF EDWARD THE FIRST. CB.n.

A Third Charter of King Edward the First.

136. That the Mayor and citizens of London shall have and hold all their liberties and free customs which they had in the time of King 1 Imry, grandsire etc.

137. That the Mayor, the King or his heirs not being at "Westminster, shall be presented each year unto the Barons of the Exchequer, that by them he may be admitted as Mayor.

138. Also, that from their fcrm there shall be allowed to the citizens of London each year, seven pounds at the Exchequer, for the liberty of Saint Paul's, etc.

139. Also, that the citizens shall be quit of all toll and other custom, etc.

140. Also, that the citizens may deraign themselves as to pleas pertain- ing unto the Crown, etc.

141. Also, that as well foreigners as others may make their attorney in the Hustings, etc.

142. Also, that no merchant shall meet other merchants, [coming] by land or by water, with their merchandize and provisions, etc., until they shall have arrived at the said city.

143. Also, that no one shall expose his merchandize for sale which owes custom, until the custom so due shall have been levied, etc.

144. Also, of certain articles annulled at the instance of the citizens, etc.

145. Also, of the confirmation of other liberties and articles by his lord- ship Edward the First confirmed.

146. Also, that the Mayor and Sheriffs, the King or his heirs, or the Barons of the Exchequer, not being at Westminster, shall be presented to the Constable of the Tower of London, without the gate of tho said Tower.

147. Also, that the said citizens shall be quit of 1Pavage, 2Pontage, and *Murage, throughout all the realm and dominions of the King.

148. Also, that the Sheriffs shall be amerced, so often as the same shall happen, according to the extent of the offence, in such manner as the other Sheriffs of the realm.

1 A toll levied for the paving of roads. * A toll levied upon horses and carts for

1 Similar, probably, to the * Brudtol' al- the it-pair <>f the walla of a town or city, ready mentioned. See page 117.

Charter of l /.

.-or and Sheriffs of London shall be chosen l>y the

eiti/ens of that city according to tin- tenor of their Charters, and in no other mai.

That • T of thi' said eity shall not remain in office as such

•

101. Also, that no Sheriff of the City shall have more than two < and two Serjeants by reason of his office, and those, persons for whom he shall be willing to answer.

Also, that tin- Mayor of the said city, so long as he shall be Mayor, shall hold no other office pertaining unto that city than office of Ma\

. Also, : Mayor shall not demand to have brought before

him, or hold, any plea that belongs to the Sheriff's Court.

1 •"» L Also, that the Aid f that city shall be removable yearly,

and be removed, on the day of Saint Gregory [12 March], and in the year

;•* shall not be re-elected, but others [shall bo elected] in their

Also, that the tallages, after being assessed by the men of the Wards thereunto deputed, shall not be augmented or increased by the Mayor and Aid- \cept with the common consent of the Mayor and

Also, that the mon ing from such tallages shall be in the

ing of four r :, commoners of the said city.

157. Also, that no stranger shall be admitted to the freedom of the said

, except at th< 1 i

168. Also, that an inha1 id especially an Englishman by birth, a

trader of a certain mystery or craft, shall not be admitted to the freedom

iforesaid excv the security of w -le men, of v

certain mystery a

159. Also, thai shall be made each year, if any persons enjoy-

of the (V d with the prop* : hers who are

not of the freedom, avowing t goods are their own. And those who

shall be lawfully <onvi< ted thereof, shall lose the freedo

Abo, that all who wish to enjoy the freedom of the City shall bo 1 Edwanl II. ; who is generally thus »tylc«l in ancient (locum

128 CITY CHARTER OF EDWARD THE SECOND. CB.n.

in Lot and Scot, and partakers of all burdens for [maintaining] the of the City, etc.

161. Also, that all persons of the freedom of the City, and dwelling without the said city, who by themselves and their servants follow a trad e within the City, shall be in Lot and Scot with the commoners of the same city, etc., or shall be removed from the freedom thereof.

162. Also, that the Common Seal shall be in the keeping of two Alder- men and two commoners, by the commonalty to be chosen, and that the same shall not be denied to poor or to rich.

163. Also, that the giving of judgment in the Courts of the City, after verdict [given], shall not be deferred, unless some difficulty intervene. And if such difficulty shall intervene, such verdicts shall not stand over beyond the third Court.

164. Also, that the weights and beams for weighing merchandize as between merchant and merchant, the issues of which belong to the com- monalty, shall be in the keeping of reputable men, by the commonalty to be chosen.

165. Also, that the Sheriffs may entrust the charge of collecting toll and other customs unto their ferm pertaining, as also other public duties unto themselves belonging, to sufficient men for whom they shall be willing to answer.

166. Also, that merchants who are not of the freedom, etc., shall not sell wines or other wares by retail within the said city.

167. Also, that in future there shall be no brokers of any merchandize in the said city, but those who have been chosen thereto by tin- traders of their mysteries ; and that they shall be sworn before the Mayor.

168. Also, that common hostelers, although they may not be of the freedom of the same city, shall be partakers of all [burdens] unto the said city pertaining, etc. Saving always, that the merchants of Gascoigne

and other strangers may dwell and keep hostels for each other in the said city, in such manner as they have heretofore been wont to do.

169. Also, that the keeping of the Bridge shall be entrusted unto two reputable men of the city aforesaid, other than the Aldermen thereof.

1 Or hosts, or harbourers, keepers of lodg- in the official documents of X« wcastle-upon ing-houses. They are still called ' boatmen ' Tyne.

.in in:: ]-jl<

170. Also, that no Serjeant of the Chamber at the Guildhall shall tak.« a fee of nmonalty, etc., or do execution, unless he Ix ,-ted by the commonalty then

171. Also, that the Chamberlain, Common Clerk, [and] Com m mi leant of the City, shall be chosen and removed by the rmnmonalty, at

the will of the same commonalty.

Also, that the Mayor, Recorder, and the Chamberlain ami < -mi mon Clerk aforesaid, shall be content with their fees, from of old appointed and paid.

173. Also, that the property of the Aldermen of the said city shall lx> taxed in aids, tallages, and contributions, by the men of the Wards in which such Aldermen shall be residing, in the same manner as the \. perty of the other citizens of the same Wards.

171. Also, that the Aldermen and commonalty, for the necessities and advantage of the said city, may among themselves assess and levy tallages upon their property within the said city, rents as well as other things.

Leftera Patent of hi* lordxhip Ethcartl, son of King Edicanl.

175. That certain aids, namely in armed foot-soldiers, granted unto the j» at [the siege of] the Castle of lLedes, shall not hereafter be to the

prejudice of the Mayor and good men of London, nor in future be drawn

Charter of King Edicard the Third.

176. That the citizens of London shall have their lilxTtiea according to the form of the Great Charter, etc. ; and that impediments or usur- pations upon tin-in in that behalf mode shall be repealed and annulled.

Also, that the Mayor of London, for the time being, shall be one of the Justiciars for [the delivery of] the Gaol of Newgate.

178. Also, that the citizens of London shall have 'Infangthef and •Outfan- 1 the chattels of all felons who shall be adjudged by them

M such within the liberties of the city aforesaid.

.Ma, in Kent within the City, taken without the

judging thieree taken for felony, for judgment within their own

lih^ee. Of Anglo-Saxon origin. Court Abo of Anglo-Saxon origin.

» The pnv.leg* of calling up dweller.

130 CITY CHARTER OF EDWAKD NIK IH1UD. IB. n.

179. Also, that whereas the citizens of London had been churned by the Sherill'wiek of London and Middlesex in the sum of four hun.livd pounds unto the Exchequer of his lordship the King, the said eiti/ens shall in future have one hundred pounds thereof reunited.

180. Also, that the citizens of London may devise their tenements within the liberties as well in mortmain as in any other way.

181. That the Sheriffs of London, so often as it shall happen that they are amerced for any offence, shall be amerced according to the extent of such offence, in the same manner as the other Sheriffs of the realm.

182. Also, that for escape of thieves the Sheriffs of London shall on no account be charged or amerced otherwise than other Sheriffs on this side Trent ; who for such escapes are amerced, it is said, in the sum of one hundred shillings.

183. Also, that the citizens of London shall not be charged otherv than as of old they have been wont to be charged, for the custody of those who flee to churches for 1immunity, etc.

184. Also, that the citizens of London may remove and seize all Kidels in the waters of Thames and Medewaie, and shall have the punishments therefore unto us pertaining.

185. Also, that foreign merchants coming into England shall sell their merchandize within forty days after their arrival, and shall lodge at tl it- tables of the free hosts of the City.

186. Also, that neither the Steward of the 2Marshal nor the Clerk of the Market shall sit within the liberties of the City, or exercise any office there.

187. Also, that the Mayor for the time being shall exercise the office of 8Escheator within the city aforesaid.

188. Also, that the citizens of London shall not be compelled to go or to send to war beyond the city aforesaid.

189. Also, that the Constable of the Tower of London shall not make prises, by land or by water, of provisions or of any other things whatsoever.

190. Also, that the citizens of London shall have wardens of the

J The privilege of sanctuary. all lands and profits that fell to the King by

8 Of the King's household. forfeit un <T •!• -atli.

* An officer whose duty it was to rec<

CITY « II Mil !.!: "1 KDU Mil) IIIK IH1

number of their t\ -llow-i -iti/ens to hold pleas in all good fairs of England, pleas of land and pleas of the Crown exceptcd.

191. Also, that thi time being shall not be com]

to make oath at our Exchequer, except at tin- n ndering of t

aeeoiinN.

.'. Also, that the citizens shall have all their liberties and free cus- toms, as from of old tiny were wont to enjoy the same, notwithstanding that the said citizens, at of Ulenry de Stan tone and his associates,

etc., were challenged as to the same.

193. Also, that one writ shall suffice in the Exchequer, and in • place of his lordship the King, for the allowance of their Charter*.

194. Also, that no summons, attachment, or execution shall be made within the liberties of the City by any officer of his lordship the King, with writ or without writ, but only hy tin officers of the said [city].

195. Also, that the Sheriffs of London shall have wholly the forfeitures of victuals, and of other articles and men hand i/o, according to the t

of the Charters, etc.

196. Also, that the citizens of London in future shall, at t ' rs, be dealt with according to the same laws by which they were dealt with at the Iters hold* n in the times of tin ir lordships John and Henry, late Kings of England, and other tin ir progenitors.

197. Also, that nothing in the Iter aforesaid done or :• against the liberties and tree customs of the citizens, shall act to tin ir

in -in from being dealt with as from of old.

198. Also, that th< c iti/ens of London, in aids, grants, and mntrilm- s, shall be taxed and shall contribute with the mmmonalty of the realm, men of the Counties and not like men of the cities and boroughs; and

that they shall be quit of all other Ullages.

199. Also, that the liberties of the City of London shall not be taken into the hand of hia lordship the King for any personal trespass or personal judgment of any officer of the sin and that no Warden shall in the •aine on such pretext be appointed.

200. Also, that no officer of his lordship the King shall make any prise within the city aforesaid, or without, of the goods of FOLIA A.

! roperly • Hervey ;' he WM ChM Jut** *t the Iter hoUao at UM Tower in th« I year of Kdwanl II

Cm i IIAIJT1 U OF 1 DUAKD 1HI IIIIKI*.

citizens against their will, unless he shall immediately make clue payment for the same.

201. Also, that no prise shall be made of the wines of the said eiti/t-n< l»y any servant [of ourselves] or of our heirs, or of any other person, against their will ; that is to say, [prisage] of one tun before the inast and of our tun behind the mast.

202. Also, that no officer or purveyor of the King or of his heirs shall trade, by himself or by others, within the said city or without, in any tiling as to which their offices are concerned.

203. Also, that the lands lying without the City of such citizens of London as have been, or shall hereafter be, officers of the city aforesaid, shall be held Liable for keeping the said city harmless, etc., as to matters that concern their offices, in the same way as their tenements within the same city.

204. Also, that no market shall in future be held within seven miles in circuit of the city aforesaid.

205. Also, that all Inquisitions to be taken by the Justiciars and other officers of the King as to men of the said city shall be taken at Saint Martin's le Grand, and not elsewhere, except Inquisitions taken at Iters at the Tower and for delivery of the Gaol of Neugate.

206. Also, that no citizen shall be irnpleaded or troubled at the Ex- chequer or elsewhere by bill ; except as to those matters which concern his lordship the King or his heirs.

207. Also, that the citizens of London shall have all their liberties and free customs whole and unimpaired, as freely as they ever had the same, a(the Statute for Merchants, to the injury of the liberties of the city afore- said, in the Parliament at York in the ninth year of Edward the Third enacted, to the contrary notwithstanding), etc.

A Second Charter of King Edward the Third.

208. Of the Sheriffwick of London and Middlesex to the citizens of London to fenn let, for three hundred pounds sterling.

209. That the citizens may appoint Sheriffs from among thems< -1\.-. whom they may think proper.

I :,. I b A< <\<>ut or iuterj««-l;iti«>ii.

1>U VK1> IH1 1 I!li

210. ANo, that tin- Sheriffs so chosen shall be presented to tin

Also, that the Sheriffs of London shall not be adjudged to be in a sum of money greater than twenty pounds at most, •JJ .'. AUo, it' the Sheriffs shall commit an offence by reason of which

>ught to incur peril of life or limb, they shall be judged, a.- uu^li: !<Lr< •«!, by the law of the <

. Also, if the King, or his heirs, or any one of their Justiciars, shall give or grant unto any one anything that pertains unto the form of the SheriftVick aforesaid, the same shall be allowed yearly unto the citizens on r acquittance at tin- Kxehequer of such fcrm.

A Third Charter of King Edicanl the Third. v? 1 1. That all Kidels shall be removed that are in the Thames or in the

-. Also, of the rriiii-Mon of claim as to which the Wardens of the Tower were wont yearly to receive [on account of the Kidels aforesaid] .

216. Also, that no one of the citizens shall plead without the walls, etc.

Also, of acquittance of murder granted unto the citi/on-.

218. Also, that no one of the citizens shall wage battle.

40 ».

219. Also, that the eiti/ens may deraign themselves as to pleas pertaining unto the Crown, •

AUn, that no one shall take lodging within the City. etc., by "i l»y livery of the Marshal. . Also, that the citizens shall be quit of toll and all other custom,

222. Also, that no one shall be amerced in money, except according to

in tli. ( it\ in no plea shall there be Miakenning. i. And that the Hustings shall bo holden once only in each week. . And that they shall lawfully have their lands, tenures, securities, and debts.

Also, that as to their lands and tenures that are within tht shall be done unto them.

134 CITY (11 \IMKK OF i;i.)W\Kl> THK THIKU. B. n.

227. Also, that as to all debts that shall have been there contr and as to securities there made, pleas shall there be holden.

228. Also, if any person in any one of the lands of his lordship the King, on this side the sea or beyond, shall take toll or any other custom from the men of London, etc., the Sheriffs of London shall take distress in London for the same.

229. Also, that the citizens may have all their grounds for hunting, as they had, etc.

230. Also, that they shall be quit of Brudtol, Childwite, Yeresgive, and Scotale.

A Fourth Charter of King Edward the Third.

231. That the whole of the "Warren of Stanes, with the appurte- nances thereof, shall be diswarrenned and disafforested for ever,

A Fifth Charter of King Edward the TJiird.

232. That the Mayor and citizens shall have and hold all their liberties and free customs which they had in the time of King Henry, grandsire of King Henry, etc.

233. Also, that the Mayor, the King and his heirs being absent, shall be presented to the Barons of the Exchequer.

234. Also, that seven pounds shall be allowed to the Sheriffs of London, in their account at the Exchequer, for the liberty of Saint Paul's.

235. Also, that the citizens shall bo quit of toll and all other custom, ete.

236. Also, that the citizens may deraign themselves as to pleas per- taining unto the Crown, etc.

237. Also, that as well foreigners as others may make their attorney in the Hustings,

238. Also, that no merchant or other person shall meet merchants, coming by land or by water, with their merchandize and provisions, etc., until they shall have arrived at the City, etc.

239. Also, that no one shall expose his merchandi/e for sale which owes custom, until the custom so due shall have been levied, etc.

240. Also, of the annulment of certain articles.

01 l.DWAKD THE THIRD.

Also, of the confirmation of th. liberties and free customs of the

Al><>, that or and Sheriffs, in the absence of the King and

the Barons of the Exchequer, shall be presented to the Constable of the Tower.

-M '•». Also, that tin- ( itizens shall be quit of Pavage, Pontage, and Murage.

- 1 1. And that th. Slu-rifls shall be amerced according to the nature of the offence, as the other Sheriffs of the realm, etc.

). Also, of the confirmation of the liberties and free customs. 246. Also, although the citizens of the city aforesaid may by reason of some accident have hitherto not fully made use of

uin of their liberties, acquittances, or free customs, yet the said citi- zens, and their successors, etc., may in future fully enjoy and make use of

Also, that no Justiciar shall be assigned within the City, except the Justiciars Itinerant at the To\\< r, th»» Justiciars for the Gaol of Ncugate and for [the correction of] errors at Saint Martin's le Grand, etc,

248. Also, that tin- Mayor and Sheriffs of i aforesaid shall be ted according to the tenor of the Charters granted by the progenitors

is lordship the King, and in no other manner.

249. And that no Sheriff shall have more than two clerks and two

250. Also, that the Mayor of the City, so long as he shall be Mayor, shall hold no other office pertaining unto that city than such office of or.

Also, that the Mayor shall not cause to be brought before him any plea that belongs to the Sheriffs' Court

252. Also, that talkges and aids, in the City to be lammed in •SB behalf, shall not be augmented or increased by the Mayor and men, except with the common consent of the City.

MHO, that the monies arising from such tallage shall bo in the keeping of four reputable men, commoners of the city aforesaid.

Also, that no stranger shall be admitted to the freedom of the said . except ut full Hustings. 255. And that an inhabitant, and especially an Englishman by birth,

loo' MM MUUTKK or F i>\\ AKL> mi IFIIHD. tn. n.

a trader of a certain mystery or craft, shall not be admitted to the freedom, except upon the. security of six reputable men, etc.

'J~>6. Also, that each year enquiry shall be made, if any person has avowed goods belonging to foreigners as his own, etc.

•JO 7. Also, that each person of the freedom shall be in Lot and Scot and partakers of all burdens.

258. Also, that each and all of the freedom, and dwelling without the said city, who by themselves or their servants follow a trade within the City, shall be in Lot and Scot.

259. Also, that the Common Seal of the City shall be in the keeping of two Aldermen and two Commoners.

260. And that the weights and beams for weighing merchandize as between merchant and merchant, etc., shall be in the keeping of reputable and sufficient men of the said city.

261. Also, that the Sheriffs may entrust the charge of collecting toll and other customs unto their ferm pertaining, to sufficient men for whom they shall be willing to answer.

262. Also, that merchants who are not of the freedom, etc., shall not sell wine or other merchandize within the said city by retail.

263. Also, that there shall be no brokers but those [chosen] by the traders of the mysteries in which the said brokers follow their calling, etc.

264. Also, that common hostelers, although they may not be of the freedom, shall be partakers of burdens pertaining unto the said city, etc.

265. That the keeping of the Bridge, and the rents and profits arising therefrom, shall be entrusted to two reputable and sufficient men, other than Aldermen.

266. Also, that no one shall take a fee of the commonalty, or do execution, unless he be one elected by the commonalty thereto.

267. Also, that the Chamberlain, Common Clerk, and Common Serjeant, shall be chosen and removed by the commonalty of the

Fol. 46 B.

City.

268. Also, that the property of the Aldermen shall be taxed in tallages and aids, etc., by the men of the Wards in which such Alder- men are residing.

269. Also, that the Mayor, Aldermen, citizens, and commonalty,

< in < i! • i KM HM;I> 1111 BOOHD.

y aflsees tallages among themselves for the common advantage of the etc.

270. Also, that although the citizens may have hitherto not fully made use of certain of their liberties or free customs. .-y may in fut

fully .<1 make use of the same and each of them.

•-'71. Also, that if any customs shall in any respect be hard to be under- stood or oc >h;ill require to be amended, the said Mayor and Aldermen may provide a fitting remedy, and one consonant to good reason, therefore, etc.

272. Pardon granted to the commonalty for all trespasses and excesses.

A Sixth Charter of K >ml [t/ie Third'].

That the Serjeants-at-mace in the city aforesaid shall be at liberty •any such maces of gold or silver, or plated with silver, and garnished with the sign of our arms or others, et

Charter of J\ A1 s

The Sherifrwick of London and Middlesex to tl us of

London to fenn let, f'<>r three hundred pounds sterling.

That the ( iti/ens of London may appoint Sheriffs from among themselves whom they may think proper, and i hem when they

may think proper, and answer for the same.

That the Sheriffs shall not be amerced for any offence in a larger

nty pounds.

Also that tin- Sheriffs, as to peril of life or limb, shall be judged according to the law of the City.

278. Also, if any grant shall be made by the King to the aggriev- anco, impediment, or diminution of those things which pertain unto the Sheriff* i« k, the same shall be allowed on acquittance of the fenn at the hequer.

A Second Charter of the tame Richard. ' Removal of the Ridels throughout the whole of the Thames or

> Three Charter* of Edward III. are 26 March in the llth year, and of 4 Dr. omitted; that of 6 March, in the fart year of cembcr in the flOth year, his reign (granting the vill of Southwark), of

138 MTY CH \KTKK UK KKHAKD TIIK SKCON1). [B. II.

Medcway, under a penalty often pounds, the citizens to have such amerce- ment.

280. Also, that the Warden of the Tower shall take nothing for such Kidels.

A Third Charter of the same Richard.

281. That no one of the citizens shall plead without the walls, e.\< •> \>i as to tenures held without, etc.

282. Also, that no citizen shall wage battle.

283. Also, that the citizens shall have acquittance of murder.

284. Also, that they may deraign themselves as to pleas pertaining unto the Crown.

285. Also, that within the walls of the City, or in the Portsoken, no one may take lodging by force or by livery of the Marshal.

286. Also, that the citizens shall be quit of toll, lastage, and all other custom.

287. Also, that no one shall be adjudged to be amerced in money except according to the law of the City.

288. Also, that in the City in no plea shall there be Miakenning.

289. Also, that the Hustings shall be holden once only in each week.

290. That the citizens shall lawfully have their lands, tenures, secu- rities, and debts.

291. Also, that as to their lands and tenures that are within the City, right shall be done unto them.

292. Also, as to debts contracted at London, pleas shall there be held.

293. Also, of taking distresses in London.

294. Also, that the citizens shall have their grounds for hunting, wherever they had the same in the time of King Henry the Second.

295. That the citizens shall be quit of Brudtol, Childwite, Yen -^iv< >, and Scotale.

296. That the citizens shall have all their liberties and free customs, in such manner as they had the same in the time of King Henry, gram!

of King Henry.

297. Also, that the Warren of Stanes shall be diswanvuned.

180

A Fourth Charter.

298. That the Mayor an us shall have all the liberties and free customs which they had in the time of Kinj_

299. Also, that when the King is not at Westminster, the Mayor shall be presented to the Barons of the Exchequer, and by them shall be ad- mit ted as Mayor.

300. Allowance of the liberty of St. Paul's.

301. Also, that the citizens shall be quit of toll, etc.

A Fifth Charter.

302. That the citizens of London may deraign themselves as to pleas pertaining unto the Crown, according to the ancient usage of the City.

303. Also, that as well foreigners as others may make their att« both in pleading and defending, as elsewhere in the Court of the King.

304. Also, that no merchant or other person shall meet merchants, coming by land or by water with their merchandize and provisions towards

City, for the purpose of buying or resale, until they shall have arrived, and shall have there exposed tl handizc for sale.

305. Also, that no one shall expose his merchandize for sale which owes custom, until the custom so due shall have been levied.

306. That the Mayor and Sheriffs, the King or the Barons of the Exchequer not being present at Westminster or London, shall be presented to the Constable of the Tower of London, without the gate of the said Tower ; provided always, that upon the next return of the King to West- minster or London, they shall be presented to the King.

[*307. Also, of acquittance of Pavage, Pontage, and Murage.]

308. That the Sheriffs of London shall be amerced in the K Court according to the extent of the dffence, as the other Sheriffs of the realm in a like case, etc.

8307. Also, that the Sheriffs shall lx quit of toll, lasUge, etc.

309. Con 1 1 i . >f the aforesaid liberties and customs, F<* " •

310. Although the citizens may have hitherto not fully made use of

« Supplied in the F»f»b*th*n copy, having * Thus numbered in the FHmhMhan copy, ton orwlooked in abrtnoting for the on- from which thwe number* are Applied.

140 THY CHAKlI.i; nl RICHARD Till. SKnNH. CB.li.

certain of their liberties, etc., yet in future they may fully enjoy and make use of the same and every of them.

311. That his lordship the King, or his heirs, shall not assign Justiciars within the City, for any matters arising within the said city, others than the Justiciars Itinerant at the Tower of London and the Justiciars for delivery of the Gaol of Neugate and for the correcting of errors at Saint Martin's le Grand.

312. That the Mayor and Sheriffs of the City of London shall be elected according to the tenor of the Charters granted by the progenitors of his lordship the King, and in no other manner.

313. Also, that the Sheriffs of London shall have no more than two clerks and two Serjeants by reason of their office, for whom they shall be willing to answer.

314. Also, that the Mayor of London, so long as he shall be Mayor, shall hold no other office pertaining unto that city than such office of Mayor.

315. Also, that the Mayor shall not have brought before him, or hold, any plea that belongs to the Sheriffs' Court, or any other pleas than such as the Mayor ought to hold, according to the ancient customs of the City.

316. Also, that tallages, after they have been assessed in London by the Mayor and Aldermen, shall not be augmented except with the common consent of the Mayor and commonalty.

317. Also, that the monies arising from such tallages and aids shall be in the keeping of four reputable men of the said city.

318. Also, that no stranger shall be admitted to the freedom of the City, except in the Hustings.

319. Also, that every person admitted to the freedom of the City shall be of a certain mystery or craft, upon the security of six reputable men of the same mystery or craft.

320. Also, if any freeman of the City shall be convicted against his oath before made, or in contravention of the statutes of the said ritv, he shall lose his freedom.

321. Also, the ancient mode and forms as to apprentices shall be observed.

322. If any freeman of the City shall avow the goods of foreigner- t«» be his own, he shall lose the freedom of the City.

323. Also, that the citizens of the said city, unless they be in Lot and

CHI < H \I:1KH OK RI« HAKI) 1HI. 141

id partakers of all burdens for maintaining the state of the City, shall lost- tli t-ir freedom.

L Also, that citizens dwelling without the liberties of the said eity, and who by themselves or their servants carry on trade therein, shall be in Lot and Scot with the < iti/ens, under pain of losing the freedom.

325. Also, that the Common Seal shall be in the keeping of two Alder- men and two Commoners, and that it shall not be denied to those who shall reasonably require the same; and that l«>r the setting thereof nothing shall be taken.

326. Also, that the weights and beams for weighing merchandize as between merchant and merchant shall be in the keeping of reputable men of the same city, skilled in that duty, by the commonalty to be elected; and that they shall not be entrusted to others.

327. That the Sherifls may entrust the collection of toll and customs unto their ferm pertaining, or the performance of public

duties to themselves belonging, to such persons as they shall be willing to answer for; and delinquents who shall be convicted shall be remov <1 from their office and punished according to their demerits.

328. Also, that merchants who are not of the freedom shall not sell 1>\ retail any wines or other merchandize within the same city or the suburbs thereof.

329. Also, that brokers of merchandize shall be elected by the chants and shall make oath before the Mayor.

'. Also, that common hostelers, although they be not of the freedom, shall be partakers of all burdens like free hosts.

331. Also, that the merchants of Gascoigne and other foreigners may our one another, as heretofore they have been wont to do.

AN.., thai the keeping and profits of the Bridge shall be entrusted to two reputable ni. than Aldermen, by the commonalty to be

chosen, who shall answer yearly for the same.

Also, that no servant of the Chamber shall take a fee of the commonalty, or do exi-«-uti..n. except one by the commonalty thereto elected.

. Also, that the Chamberlain, Common Serjeant, and Common i k, shall be elected by the commonalty, and shall at their will be MBMNTML

14:2 cm (HvKii.n ni KinivKi) mi M < OND.

335. That the property of Aldermen in aids and t ullages of the City shall be taxed by the men of the Wards where they are dwelling, like the property of other citizens.

336. Confirmation of the articles before-written.

337. That the Majror, Aldermen, and commonalty may assess t aliases as well upon rents as upon other their goods, etc.

338. Also, that the monies arising from such tallages shall be in the keeping of four reputable men thereto to be elected.

339. Also, although the citizens may not have hitherto fully made use' of certain of their liberties, or free customs, yet they shall in future fully enjoy and make use of the same liberties and every of them.

340. That the Mayor and Aldermen may by assent of the common- alty make ordinances.

341-2. That the City of London shall have all its liberties and its free customs, as well written as unwritten, in such manner as it had in the times of Saint Edward the King and Confessor, and of William the Con- queror, and of other [the King's] progenitors.

343. That the Mayor of London shall be one of the Justiciars at Neugate for gaol delivery.

344. Also, that the citizens shall have Infangthef, and Outfangthef, and chattels of all felons who shall be so adjudged within the liberties.

345. Also, the Sheriffwick of London and Middlesex to form let, for three hundred pounds.

346. Also, that the citizens of London may devise their tenements within the liberties of the City, in mortmain or in any other way.

347. Also, that the Sheriffs of London shall be amerced in such manner as the other Sheriffs of the realm are amerced, for such offences as may happen.

348. Also, that the Sheriffs of London shall be amerced for escape of thieves in a sum of one hundred shillings, but to that extent only.

349. Also, that the citizens shall not be charged with the custody «>i those who have fled to churches.

350. Also, that the citizens of London may remove all Ki<l«l> in the Thames, and may have the punishments therefore unto his lordship the King pertaining.

CITY < !! I H\KI> 1IIK M:< 1 V-'>

'•>•> I . Also, that UK Tchant-strangers coming into England shall sell their within forty days at; ml that they shall lodge

he tables of 'free hosts.

Also, tli a i the Steward of the Marshal nor the Clerk of

shall sit within the liberties or perform any duties there, nor shall they on any account draw the citizens without the liberties as to matters arising within the said city.

353. Also, that no one but the Mayor shall perform the duties of Escheator there; so he make oath unto his lordship the King duly to answer for the same.

Also, that the citizens of London shall not be compelled to go or to send to war without the City.

. Also, that the Constable of the Tower of London shall not take prises by land or by water, nor shall arrest ships or boats, or cause them to be arrested.

356. Also, that the < iti/ens of London shall have wardens of their own number to hold picas in all good fairs of England.

357. Also, that the She riffs shall not be compelled to make oath, except on the rendering of their accounts at th< i

358. Also, that the citizens of London, although against the an usage they may have been compelled to claim their lihcrties and t customs, may by usage and custom from of old have and enjoy the same, as from of old they have been wont to do.

1 Also, that tin citizens of London may record their liberties and free customs before the King, his Justiciare, and any of his officers whom- soever, enactments at the her or judgments given or promulgated to t lie • ;iry notwithstanding.

360. Also, that one writ shall suffice for the citizens of Ix>ndon, for the allowance of th< ir Charters, in all places of his lordship the King, during the time of one king.

361. Also, that no summons, attach i execution, shall be made by any officers of his lordship the King within the liberties, either by I

or without writ, but only by the officers of the said city.

Also, that the Sheriffs in aid of the ferm of the City shall have

1 H.tte or bortelen who are freemen of the <

144 '11Y (II \ini.R UK KKIMUl) I UK

wholly all forfeitures of victuals, and of other things and merchandize, and shall not be molested as to the same.

363. Also, that the citizens of London shall be dealt with at the Itei-s in such manner as they were dealt with in the times of John and Henry, late Kings of England.

364. If at the last Iter anything shall have been done or attempted against the liberties and free customs of the City, the same shall not act to their prejudice or prevent them from being dealt with as from of old they have been wont to be dealt with.

365. That the citizens of London, in aids, grants, and contributions in behalf of the King, shall be taxed and shall contribute with the commonalty

of the realm, as the men of the Counties and not as the men of

Fol. 49 A.

the cities and boroughs ; and that they shall be quit of all tallages.

366. Also, that the liberties of the City shall not for a single offence of an officer of such city be seized into the King's hand, nor shall a Warden on such pretext be appointed within the same ; but its officer shall be punished according to the extent of his trespass.

367. Also, that no purveyor, taker, officer, or servant of the King, or of any other person, shall make prise within London or without of the goods of citizens against their will, unless he shall have made due payment therefore, or at the will of the seller shall have respite as to the same.

368. Also, that of the wines of the citizens, no prise shall be made, that is to say, one tun from before the mast and another from behind tin* mast, or in any other form, by any officer of the King or of any other person, against their will ; but that for ever they shall be quit of the same.

369. No officer or purveyor of the King shall trade, by himself or by others, within the City or without, in things that concern his office.

370. Also, that the lands and tenements without the City belonging to such citizens as shall be officers of the City, shall be held liable to preserve them indemnified in respect of their offices as towards the King, in the same manner as their tenements that are within the said city.

371. Also, that no market shall in future be granted to any one within seven leagues in circuit of the City.

372-3. That all Inquisitions to be taken as to men of the City by the Justiciars and other officers of the King shall be taken at Saint Martin's le

CITY OBJ K 11 n ii \i:ii : 1 r>

Grand, and not else -A . • ; • I / -n-* at the Tter and l'..r d

very of Neugate.

Also, that no one of the franchise shall be impleaded by bill at the Exchequer or elsewhere, except as concerning the King or his heirs.

">. The vill of Suthwerk to ferm let unto tlu eiti/.ens of London. . That the citizens of London shall have all their liberties and free customs unimpaired, notwithstanding the statute promulgated at York in the ninth year of King Edward the Third.

7 < >f the maces to be borne by the Serjeants of the City.

378. The Aldermen to be removed yearly on the day of Saint Gregory [12 March].

A Sitth Ch<i,

379. That such bakers and millers as shall steal dough or flour shall be drawn on a hurdle, and the delinquents shall be committ. run on 1 Cornh ulle, and there confi n ed .

380. The weighing of corn, with a payment of one hall; . each quarter, granted unto the Mayor of London.

381. Confirmation of the liberties aforesaid, with a clause of :

382. That no merchant foreign to the freedom shall sell or buy of another stranger within the liberties of the said city any im rehandixe,

i- forfeiture, etc.

383. That the Mayor and eiti/ens shall pay no obedience to the man- dates of any lord, constable, steward, marshal, admiral, etc., but mil;. the mandates of the King and of hi- heirs.

384. Also, that Inquisitions as to customs, usages, imposts, and purprestures within the City shall be taken by the citizens

and not by other persons.

385. Also, that protections to persona about to make voyages upon the service of the King or of his heirs, or about to be engaged thereupon, shall not be valid in future in a plea of debt for victuals [supplied],

ete.

1 Cornhi 1L The Tun waa a prieon there, * A claaee taring their rifhta, • oMotrpA eo called from Ha round form, and built by * they may heretofore hare neglected fully Henry le Waleia, Mayor, in 1981 ' tn oee or enjoy the tame,'

i

146 CITY CHARTKK OK HENRY THE FOURTH. tB.ii.

386. Also, that no writ of Exchequer shall issue to bring up the body of any one imprisoned in the King's Gaol of Neugate, or elsewhere in tin* said city, for damages or debts to the citi/ens themselves adjudged, unless, etc.

387. But if any ambiguity or difficulty as to any article shall happen to be found, the King, by advice of his Council, shall put such interpretation thereupon as shall be most consonant to good faith and to reason.

Charter of King Henry the Fourth, reciting and confirming all and singular the Charters above-written.

388. The Sheriffwick of London and Middlesex to ferm let to the citizens of London for three hundred pounds.

389. Also, that the citizens shall appoint as Sheriffs from among themselves such persons as they shall think proper, and shall remove them when they shall think proper.

390. Also, that the Sheriffs shall be presented unto the Barons of the Exchequer, etc.

391. Also, that the Sheriffs shall not be amerced for any offence in a sum beyond twenty pounds.

392. But if the King or his heirs shall give unto any one anything that pertains unto the ferm of the Sheriffwick, the same shall be allowed in the acquittance of their fenn at the Exchequer each year.

393. Also, that all Kidels shall be removed that are in the Thames or in the Medewaye, etc.

394. And that the Warden of the Tower shall take nothing for the Kidels aforesaid.

395. Also, that the citizens shall have acquittance of murder within the City and in the Portsoken.

396. Also, that no one of them shall wage battle.

397. Also, that no one shall take lodgings by force or by livery of the Marshal.

398. Also, that the citizens shall be quit of toll, lastage, and all other custom.

399. Also, that no one shall be adjudged to be amerced in money, except according to the ancient usage of the City.

•1IYC II,

400. >\ ED Ho plr.-i shall tlnT. Jllg.

L Also, that tin- Hustings shall be holden miee only in • •;>.. -h \\,

402. Also, • v shall lawfully have their lands, tenures, secin and all th.-ir debts.

403. And that right shall be done unto tin -in a* t .re* \vitlnn t!

;. Also, that as to debts whieh have been [there] cor pleas

shall there be held.

405. Also, if any person shall take toll or any other custom from the <>i London, etc., the Sheriffs of London shall take distress in London iic same.

406. Also, that the ( itizens shall have their chases, as they had the same in t of King Henry, •

407. Also, that they shall be quit of Brudtol, Childwite, Yeresgive, and

408. Also, that the Warren of Stanes shall be diswarrened, etc.

409. Confirmation of the lil>erti< s and free customs of the City, etc.

410. That, the King and hi- heirs not being at Westminster, the Mayor shall be presented each year • Barons of the Exchequer

FoL 50 A.

his lordxhip the King, etc.

HI. Also, that there shall be allowed yearly seven pounds unto the Sheriffs of London, in their account at the Exchequer, for the 1 Unity of Saint Paul's.

And that the said citizens, throughout all the dominions of the King, shall be quit of all toll and all other custom.

413. Also, that the citizens may deraign themselves as to pleas pertain- ing unto the Crown, accord he ancient usage, etc.

!1L Also, that as well foreigners as nth. is may make their attorney, both for pleading and defending, as elsewhere in th<> King's Cou

415. Also, that no merchant or other person shall meet merchants coming, by land or by water, with their m. rehandise and provisions, until etc.

416. Also, that no one shall expose his merchandize for sale, that owes custom, until the custom so due shall have been levied thereu,

117. Also, that the King or his Barons n<»t 1* ing at Westminstci Mayor .si. .dl be presented to the Const. > ...n.

1 i^> i nv < HAKTKR OF HI:M;Y "IIIF rnrirrn.

418. That the citi/ens shall be quit of Pavagc, Pontage, and Mm;. throughout all the realm, etc.

419. That the Sheriffs shall be amerced according to the extent of the offence, like the other Sheriffs of England.

420. Confirmation of the liberties aforesaid, with a clause of 2//n7.

421. That the King shall not assign Justiciars within the City other than the Justiciars of the Iter, [and] the Justiciars for the Gaol of Neu irate and for [the correction of] errors at Saint Martin's le Grand.

422. Also, that the Mayor and Sheriffs shall be elected according to the tenor of the Charters granted by the King's progenitors, and not in any other way.

423. Also, that no Sheriff shall have more than two clerks and two Serjeants by reason of such office, for whom they shall be willing to answer.

424. Also, that the Mayor shall have no other office pertaining unto the said city than such office as Mayor, nor shall he have brought before him any plea belonging to the Sheriffs'. Courts, etc.

425. Also, that tallages or aids, to be assessed in behalf of the King and his heirs by the Mayor and Aldermen, shall not be augmented or increased.

426. Also, that the monies arising from such tallages shall be delivered into the keeping of four reputable men, commoners, etc.

"427. Also, that no foreigner shall be admitted to the freedom of the city aforesaid, except at the Hustings.

428. Also, that an inhabitant, and especially an English trader, of a certain mystery or craft, shall only be admitted to the freedom of the City upon the security of six reputable men of the same mystery of which he shall be.

429. Also, that enquiry shall be made each year, if any freeman has avowed the goods of foreigners as being his own, etc.

430. Also, that all of the freedom shall be in Lot and Scot, and par- takers of all burdens ; otherwise they shall lose the freedom.

431. Also, that the Common Seal of the said city shall 1»« in * the keeping of two Aldermen and two Commoners.

1 Wrongly given in the original as rivtg, 2 Seepage 145 antr, N<

• citizens.'

' 11 Y « H VKII-'.H 14(J

Also, that lights and beams for mdize as

between merchant and merchant shall be in the keeping of reputable and

Mini of the said <

433. Also, that the Sheriffs may entrust [the collection of] toll and i stems pertaining unto their ferm to sufficient men, for whom they shall be willing to answer.

Also, that merchants who are not of the freedom shall not sell any wines or other wares within the said city l.y n ••

435. Also, that in future there shall be no brokers of any merchandize in the said city, unless they be elected by the merchants and sworn before the Mayor.

436. That all hostelers, although they be not of the freedom, shall be partakers of burdens touching the said city.

AU.», that the keeping of the Bridge shall be entrusted to t\\«> table men, other than Aldermen.

43S. That no scrjeant shall take a fee of the commonalty unless he be one by the commonalty thereunto elected.

439. Also, that the Chamberlain, Common Clerk, and Common Serjeant shall be elected and remov«l 1>\ :!.<• rommonul

440. And that in aids and tu Hugos the \> of Aldermen shall be taxed by the men of the Wards in which such Aldermen are dwelling.

HI. That th<> riti/i-ns .>h:ill have their liberties according to the form of the Great Charter, and that impediments or usurpations made upon them in this behalf shall be repealed and annul

Also, that the Mayor shall be one of tl are for delivery of

the Gaol of Neugate.

Also, that the citizens shall have Infangthef, and Outfangthef,

ami rhutU-ls of I'.-loim.

444. Also, that the citizens may bequeath their tenements within the ties, as well in mortmain as in any other way.

445. Also, that the Sheriffs shall be amerced to the amount of one l.uii.iiv.l shillings for escape of thieves.

446. Also, that the citizens may remove all Kidels in the Thames and Medewaye.

447. Also, that all foreign merchants shall sill t

150 UIV < 11 \K11K 0V 111 M:\ IH! lulUlH. CB.ll.

within forty days after their arrival, and shall lodge at the tables of the free hosts of the City.

448. That the Steward of the Marshal, or Clerk of the Market, of our household, shall not sit within the liberties of the City, or perform any duties there.

449. Also, that no one but the Mayor of the City shall perform the duties of Escheator in the said city.

450. And that the said citizens from henceforth shall not be compelled to go or send to war without the city aforesaid.

451. Also, that the Constable of the Tower of London shall not make prises by land or by water of provisions or other things, etc.

452. That the citizens shall have wardens of their own number to hold pleas in all the good fairs of England.

453. Also, that the Sheriffs shall not be compelled to make oath at the King's Exchequer, except at the rendering of their accounts.

454. Also, that for the allowance of their Charters, one writ in each place shall suffice for the time of one King.

455. That no summons, attachment, or execution shall be made etc., except by the officers of the said city.

456. Also, that in aid of their ferm the Sheriffs shall have wholly the forfeitures of victuals and other things, according to the tenor of I ho Charters, etc.

457. Also, that at the Iters of the Justiciars at the Tower the citizens shall be dealt with by the same laws by which they were dealt with in the times of their lordships, John and Henry, late kings of England.

458. Also, that in grants and tallages the citizens shall be taxed and shall contribute with the commonalty of the realm, in such manner as the men of the Counties, and not as the men of the cities and boroughs.

459. Also, that for no personal trespass shall the liberties of th

be seized into the King's hand, for a personal judgment, that is to say, or trespass of any official.

460. Also, that no purveyor, taker, or other officer, shall make any prise in the city aforesaid of the goods of citizens against their will.

401. Also, that of the wines of such citizens no prise shall be made by

CHRM HAK1KK Oh HI. MO ii: 111. 151

any officer of the King against their will. Also, that no punreyor, - shall tradi- within th<» City in things that concern his office.

Also, that the lauds and tenements without the City belonging to officers of the said city shall be held liable to keep the said city indemnified as against his lordship the King and his heirs, as to things which concern r office.

463. Also, that all Inquisitions to be taken by the Justiciars and other officers of the King, shall be taken at Saint Martin's le Grand, and not elsewhere, except Inquisitions at the Iters at the Tower of London, and for dt -livery of the Gaol of Neugate.

464. Also, that no one of the freedom of the City shall be impleaded or molested at our Exchequer or elsewhere by bill, except as to those matters which concern ourselves or our heirs.

465. The vill of Suthwerk to ferm let to the citizens of London.

466. Confirmation of their liberties and free customs as they have had in from of old, the Statute as to Merchants enacted in the ninth year of

Edward [the Third] to the contrary notwithstanding.

467. Of the maces of the Serjeants of the Mayor and Sheriffs.

468. Of the election of Aldermen yearly on the day of Saint Gregory March].

469. Also, of the regulation of bakers [and] millers, and of the pesage of corn, and the receipt of one halfpenny for each quarter of corn.

470. Confirmation of liberties, with a clause of licet.

471. Also, that no stranger out of the freedom of tin < it\ aforesaid shall buy from, or sell to, another stranger any merchandize, under for-

HI .,t' th«- M

And that the citizens shall pay no obedience to the precepts or mandates of any lord, etc., except only the mandates, etc., of his lord- ship the King. Of his names and titles, etc., and his seals and privy

473. Also, that as to customs, usages, imposts, and purpres- tures within the City, Inquisition should be held by the citizens thereof and not by others.

474. Also, of allowance of the royal protection.

475. Also, that the King's writ shall not issue from • hequer to

1-VJ CWl (HAKll.K (>1 Jil.M^ I Hi: 1UIKIH.

bring up the body of any person imprisoned in Neugate or elsewhere within the liberties, condemned by the citizens, to make answer unto the King as to royal debts in his Exchequer, unless it shall be found by examination that the King's debt is a true debt, and not a fictitious one, before such condemnation.

476. If there shall, be any difficulty or ambiguity as to any article contained in the King's Charters or those of his progenitors, the King by advice of his Council shall make such interpretation thereof as shall be consonant with reason and good faith.

477. Also, that the citizens of London, by colour or virtue of any grant or answer by the King in Parliament made unto their petitions, shall [not] in any way be restricted as to any of their liberties or ancient and approved free customs.

478. Confirmation by Parliament of all liberties.

479. That the citizens of London, their heirs, and their successors, shall to all their liberties and free customs be wholly and fully restored, as freely and as fully as in the time of any of the King's progenitors they ever held the same.

480. Also, that all manner of wines to be sold in the City, as also victuallers [and] fishmongers, as well as others, dwelling within the same city, and such persons as henceforth shall come with victuals unto the city aforesaid, shall in future be under the rule and governance of the Mayor and Aldermen.

481. Also, that the Mayor shall not be compelled to make any other oath at the Exchequer than in the time of King Edward the Third he was wont to make.

482. Also, restoration of the liberties and franchises of London to the citizens thereof, by way of light correction before taken into the King's hand.

483. Confirmation of liberties, with a clause of licet.

484. Custody of the gates of Neugate and Ludgate, and of all other gates and posterns, together with the collection of toll and of all customs of Chepe, Billyngesgate, and Smythfelde, granted unto the citizens of London, etc. ; as also of the Tronage, that is t«> -ay, the wri^hinjr of lead, wax, pepper, alum, madder, and other merchandize of a like nature within the city aforesaid.

1 11.

[lln the Chtirtcr of Kiny Henry the Fifth.

484. Confirmation of the liberties, with a clause to the effect that, although the citizens or their predecessors may not hdve fully made use of the same, the said citizens and their heirs and successors may never- theless enjoy the same and make use thereof, etc.]

1 This abstract is added in the original, evidently by the hand of the transcriber of the Elizabethan copy.

[B.m.

BOOK III.

Foi.i7iA. PART THE FIRST.

Of the Hustings of Common Pleas and Pleas of Land, and of the manner of holding the Hustings; of Writs of Exigent and for conferring Knighthood; of Amercements, the penalty for forestalling woollen cloth, and Assizes of Novel Disseisin and Mort d* Ancestor.

Deeds and Testaments enrolled, and of Examinations of women ........... [161].

First, of Hustings of Pleas of Land, and of procedure therein [162] .

Also, of having execution by bill upon certain judgments given at the Hustings ... .... [163].

Also, that summonses made in Writs of Right should be made two or three days before the Hustings, or else on the Sunday next before the Hustings . [164].

Also, of Hustings of Common Pleas, and of procedure therein [164].

Also, of Writ of Dower, and of procedure therein . . [165].

Also, of Writ of Gavelet, and of procedure therein . . [166].

Also, that if the tenant shall not appear within a year and a day, then, after such year and day, the demandant shall have a Scire facia* against the tenant to appear and make answer, etc. . . . [166].

Also, of Writ of Waste, and of procedure therein . . [167].

Also, of Writ for correcting Error, and of procedure therein . [167].

Also, of Repkgiare, and of procedure therein . . . [168].

Also, of Writ of Partition, and of procedure therein . . [169] .

1 An article supplied by a later hand.

Also, that cadi l*-drl <>t ion shall, by assent and counsel

of his Alderman, summon six sufficient men of his "Ward against each Huntings of Common Pleas . ..... [169].

Also, of Writs of Exigent [169],

Also, of Amercements at the Hustings aforesaid . . . [170],

Also, that the ALln-mm of London shall be summoned to appear at tin- > aforesaid [170].

Also, of a certain Writ for enforcing Knighthood . . . [170].

And of the Return made to the same [170] .

Also, of a certain [other] Writ for enforcing Knighthood . [171],

And of the Return made to the same . . . [171].

Also, of a fine exacted, because a certain person forestalled woollen cloths before they arrived at London ....... [172].

Also, of Assizes of Novel Disseisin, called ' Frcsshforce ' . [173].

Also, of Assizes of Mort d* Ancestor [175].

Of Personal Actions and Pro tin* Sheriff's Court, and the manner

of pleading in such Court ; as also, of the Goremment of such Court.

i the Sheriffs of London shall hold their Courts separately in the (niildhall ; that is to say, each by himself, as to personal actions, two General Courts in the week for inhabitants, and daily for strangers, unless

interrupted by a Feast-day . [176].

Also, that the clerks and officers of the Sheriffs, upon plaint made, shall

\\ith award Capias and other process .... [177].

Also, that it is the custom to award Capias in pleas of debt, account, and

in all oth<r personal actions . . . [177].

Also, that the person arrested may find mainprise at the Compter or

elsewhere bofmv the Sheriffs, or their clerks thereunto deputed, for his

appearance at the next < [ 17

Also i a defendant, after he has been taken and released on main-

prise, in any pla *pass> battery, or seizure of goods, or of any other

personal action where damages are to be recovered, shall make default, in > case the defendant shall be adjudged as attainted . . [178]. Also, that although the mainpernore, on default made by the principal tor, shall be arrested, nevertheless, if the principal debtor shall, at

156 TABLK OK (ONTKM-. [B. m.

suit of the mainpernors, be arrested, such EBampOtnon shall bo sot at

liberty [178].

Also, that the mainpernors, after they shall have dcliveivj in

the Court or Compter the body of the person inainprised, shall

be discharged of their mainprise ...... [178],

Also, of appointing auditors in pleas of Account . . . [178].

Also, if it shall be attested that the defendant has broken sequestration, he shall be arrested and shall pay a fine for such contempt, etc. . [179].

Also, that in a personal action no one shall be essoined, either before or after. And although the defendant, after Inquest joined, shall have made default, nevertheless, if he shall appear when the Inquest is charged, he shall have his challenges as against the jurors, etc. . . . [179].

Also, that a defendant, a freeman or a foreigner resident [in the City], in a plea of debt may make his law with six hands, himself the seventh, at once in Court or at the next Court ; and a foreigner who is not resident [must make his law] with two hands, himself the third, or else [must make oath] at the six churches nearest to the Guildhall . . . [179].

Also, that a defendant who is a freeman may wage his law in a plea of Trespass [180].

Also, that executors shall make answer in cases without specialty, and that they may wage their law in a plea of Debt [or] Covenant . [181] .

Also, that a defendant in a plea of Debt for victuals consumed and for house-hire may not wage his law [181].

Also, that a [married] woman who trades alone shall make answer as though a single woman [and] without a husband, in every resort, etc . . [181].

Also, that if a [married] woman shall have hired a dwelling or hon><- as though a single woman, in case she is impleaded for the ivnt <>f such dwelling or house, she shall make answer as though a single woman [and] without a husband, although at the time of hiring the said dwelling or house she was married . . . . . . . [ 1 8 1 ] .

Also, of a plea of Trespass made by a man and his wife . [182].

Also, of plaint of Debt made against the husband on contract of his wife . [182].

Also, that if a defendant wages his law as a I'm -man, ho is buiind to say how he is free, whether by birth or by redemption . . . [182].

Also, wh "r more oMi^Ts are imph-aded upon obligation of debt,

for the payment of which each of them is bound in the entirety, and • of them pays the whole of such debt, he may sue the others to make con- trilr.itiuii, jointly or severally ...... [183].

Also, of Foreign Attachments ...... [183].

Also, that the servant of a defendant shall have proof of the goods of such defendant in Foreign Attachment ..... [183].

Also, that no acquittance or release of payment bearing date out of London, or any other matter [bearing such date], shall be alleged [185].

Also, in plaint of Trespass and other personal actions as to bargains and contracts made within the City of London, the defendant shall not be ad- mit ted to plead any foreign plea ...... [186].

Also, where an VjMii: .it ion bears date in no certain place, and the plain- tiff alleges that the said obligation was made in a certain parish of London, while the defendant alleges that such obligation was made in a certain place v. it hmit London, and the plaintiff is willing to make proof that the said obligation was made in London, — Inquisition shall be made by the country as to the allegation made by such plaintiff, in case such plain nil shall require the same to be done ... . [186].

Also, that the plaintiff, where an obligation is made with a double penalty, shall only r. «•«.%• T his clear debt upon oath in that behalf to be made, and his damages as taxed by the Court .... [186].

Also, that where an obligation is made in the single, the plaintiff, at the instance of the defendant, shall be examined upon his oath as to the true amount of the debt due upon such obligation ; and in such case, the plain- till shall ree<>\er nothing but what he shall be ready to swear is the true amount of such debt ... ...... [187]-

Also, where an obligation is made by endorsement or by indenture upon

• livers conditions, how much the plaintiff shall recover for breach of such conditions . ... ... [187].

Alan, where an obligation is shewn in Court, and the defendant alleges t he has an acquittance, or ind. n: r. , or some other matter under seal at a distant place, which would have availed him if he had had

* same in hand, in such case the defendant shall have a day

H>n,i.

-i AHI.E OF ro\ i nrn, p*m

named by the Court for him to produce such documents under seal, accord- ing to the distance from such place . . . [188].

Also, that a freeman of the City shall be arrested by his body, if it be attested by the complainant and other persons of credit that such defend- ant is absconding and taking himself away .... [188].

Also, that pleas of seizure of distresses in lieu of Rcphgiarc may be held before the Sheriffs the same as in the Hustings, if the same do not 1 reference to a freehold ...... . [189].

Also, that, in personal actions, if both parties appear before the Sheriff on the first day, and the plaintiff declares against the defendant, such defendant shall make answer forthwith, upon the same day, without having any day for counsel ........ [189].

Also, that where customs are pleaded or alleged before the Sheriffs, as to which the Sheriffs are not fully informed, the same shall be determined upon by the Mayor and Aldermen before judgment given . [189].

Also, that parties pleading before the Sheriffs shall have no day given, except in all cases the day on which the next Court is to be held [189].

Also, of actions maintainable without specialty . [189].

Also, that a defendant shall not wage his law against a sealed tally [189].

Also, that the Sheriffs of London, and each of them, may take before them recognizances of debt as to any sum whatever . . [190] .

Also, that the Sheriffs may keep prisoners in custody, that have been condemned before them, as well at their houses where they dwell, and their Compters, as in the common gaol . [190].

Also, of plaint of Debt, Account, and other personal contracts made between merchant and merchant .... . [190].

Of pleas between merchant and merchant . . [190].

Also, that the lands and tenements of a defendant who has removed his place of abode from the City^shall, after the fourth default, be extended and delivered to the plaintiff ....... [191].

Also, that the Sheriffs may examine the parties in all personal actions [W2^\

Also, of matter alleged in a plea by the defendant in bar of the plaintiffs % action [192].

Also, that when a defendant shall have found mainprise until the next

pt 1.1 159

Court, and shall have been <1« maud. <1 at tin- proper tii: ! his

mainpcrnors shall then make default. Mill, it' In- shall appear while the Court i- -it ting, he shall be able to save his sureties; but in such case he shall not wage his law ........ [193].

it phi iit ill's may amend their plaints and their bills . [193].

Also, that the plaintiff in an action of Account may not declare in any case that the defendant wa»J|] ..... [193].

Also, that an action of Account may be maintained against a single woman, and against infants under age .... [193].

Also, that the Mayor of London may have brought before himself plaints and pleas that have been moved before the Sheriffs . . . [193].

Also, how that a debtor bound to make payment of a certain sum shall be arrested before the day of payment in such obligation con- tained [193].

Also, how that a freeman of the City with the aid of his neighbours, without any officer, may arrest his debtor suddenly found within the said

[194].

Also, of the goods of a tenant who absconds from the City, which shall be arrested or appraised at the suit of divers parties. As to which, the landlord shall have preference before all others for rent of his house two years in arrear [194]-

Also, what imtice t< naiits-at-\vill shall give to their lessors . [195],

Also, that tin- plaint ill' may have execution against the person condemned, :i tin- bodv <»r in the goods of the condemned, at peril of

Fol. 172 B.

*uch plaintiff . . [195].

Also, that mainpernora and attorneys received in the Compters of the

ami other process there duly made, m »rd [195].

Al \ A Merman of London may enter an attorney upon the

records . [195].

Also, that th< Court, by assent of the parties, may give a day to the

[196].

Also, t rs who arc summoned upon an Impii-ition shall not be

amerced in more than three pence* [196].

Also, that Inquests of office taken aa to affrays shall not h* traversed 1<\

[196].

160 TABLE OF (ONTKM- '"•"'•

Of Scarage, Tronagc, and divers other customs, fees, and forms ; ako, the Pesage of wool [and] the measuring of corn, malt, salt, and divers other things ; and as to wines.

First, of Scavage .... [196].

Also, of fine goods [I9?].

Also, of Pesage [199].

Also, of Tronage . [199].

Also, of the weighing of wool [200].

Also, of the sale of wool [200].

Also, what shall be taken for each tun of wine . [200].

Also, what shall be taken for each quarter of woad . . [201].

Also, ofwoad . [201].

Also, of the Custom of the merchants of Normandy . . [201] . Also, of the Custom upon vessels with bulwarks . . [201].

Also, of the rent for the New Cemetery .... [202]. Also, of the rent paid by the Cologne [Merchants] . . [202] . Also, of the Customs that used to be taken for merchandize coming to

London [202].

Also, of the Customs of the City by Inquisition returned in the Ex- chequer of his lordship the King ...... [202] .

Also, of the fixed charges upon Spanish wool and other articles of mer- chandize [203].

Also, of the amount of Custom to be taken for divers victuals brought to London [203].

Also, of the Customs of Smythefelde [205].

Also, of the Customs of London Bridge .... [205] .

Also, of the fees of the Bailiff of the same bridge . . . [207].

Also, of the Customs of Billyngesgate [208].

Also, of the Customs of Queen-Hythe [209].

Also, of the measurement of corn, malt, and salt, and of porterage and cartage [211].

Also, of the fee of the Bailiff of Queen-Hythe, and of the amercements of the labourers and servants of Queen-Hythe .... [214].

Also, of boats bringing oysters, whelks, mussels, or soles . [214].

161

Also, that the Bailiff of Quecn-IIythc shall take nothing for a sack of wool ... . [214].

Also, of the custom of taking Tronage from strange merchants bringing wool . [215].

Also, of the customs of Wol(hir«li< haw .... [216],

Also, of the customs of Graschirche [216].

Also, of Peeage made by balance [216].

Also, of wines to be taken in the King's behalf . . [217].

I0p DEEDS AND TESTAMENTS ENROLLED, AND OP EXAMINATIONS OP WOMEN.

11, where a reversion or a rent is devised by testament enrolled of record in the Hustings, the same reversions and rents pass forth- with after the death of the testator ; so that those to whom surh rents are devised can distrain for the rent and make 'avowry [aa to the same]. And those in Aversion can sue their writ of Waste at tin ir pleasure, and without *uttornracnt by the tenants ; and they can plead by the same enrolments, if it be necessary, even though they have not the said testaments in hand.

And the same custom holds good as to deeds, indentures, and other writings, enrolled of record in the Hustings. And such enrolments have been used from all time ; so the testaments be proclaimed and proved in full Hustings, as already ^mentioned. And deeds and indentures, and other writings und.-r seal, may be received, and cognizances and confessions of

womni ;^ to tin- sanir, nvord. d, Ix-toiv tin- Mayor and DM Aid. Tin. in. or

before the Recorder and one Alderman, or before two Aldermen, if neces- sary, as well out of Court as in ; so that the said deeds, indentures, and

of the Hustings, and the feet paid for the same, an the manner is.

> Thin article is taMrttrt in a later hand. • Perhap* more rtriotiy

' Aflwrtiun that he ha« mad* the dirtreat • In rWercooe, prohahljr. to a prior | — mm m 1 ,ht, and jwtffioft** of the in the document from which the pmat pa*

162 COURTS OF HI -I

Foi. 183 \. Of Court* of Huntings.

Be it made known, that all lands and tenements, rents and services, within the City of London and the suburbs thereof, are 'pleadable at the Guildhall in the same city, at the two Hustings; of which the one Hustings is called " Hustings of Pleas of Land," and the other Hustings is called " Hustings of Common Pleas ;" and which Hustings are holden in the said Guildhall, before the Mayor and Sheriffs of the same city, upon the Monday and Tuesday in each week ; that is to say, upon Monday, for demanding appearance of demandants, and for the award of nonsuits and the allowing of essoins; and upon Tuesday, for the award of defaults, and for pleading — certain seasons and Feast-days excepted, as well as other reasonable causes ; at which times no Hustings can be held, by usage of the city aforesaid. It should also be known, that the Hustings of Pleas of Land must be held one week apart by itself, and that of Common Pleas the next week apart by itself, upon the days aforesaid : but the enrolments and titles of the said Hustings make mention of Monday only.

In Hustings of Pleas of Land are pleaded Writs of Right patent, directed to the Mayor and Sheriffs of London ; in the case of which writs, such is the procedure by custom of the City ; that is to say, the tenant or tenants shall first have three summonses, at the tenements [so] demanded, to the three Hustings of Pleas of Land next ensuing after delivery of the writ, and that without demanding [presence of] the tenants at any of the Hustings aforesaid : and after the three summonses completed [they shall have] three essoins at the three other Hustings of Pleas of Land then next ensuing. And at the next Hustings alter the third essoin, if the tenants make default, process shall be made against them by 8GY Cape ; or by Petit Cape, after appearance made ; and other process, as at Common Law.

And if the tenants appear, the demandants shall declare against such tenants in the nature of whatever writ they shall please (certain writs excepted, which are pleadable [only] at the Hustings of Common IM. a-, as will be set forth hereafter), without protestation being made that they will

1 I. t. may be made the subject of plead- - The names of judicial write formerly ings. employed. See page 165, Note 2.

HTSI IV, S.

sue in t)i.> nature of 01 [in particular]. And the tenants shall

have * View, and shall be essoined after View had, as at Common Law. The

mts shall also have essoin after each appearance, by custom of the City. And if so be that such writ is abated after the View, by except ion of joint-tenancy or other dilatory exception, and another like writ is revived, the tenants, according to the custom of the City, shall have View upon the second writ, the View before had to the contrary notwith- standing. And if the parties plead for judgment, judgment shall be given by mouth of their Recorder ; and six Aldermen, at the least, are wont to be present at each such judgment given.

And each bedel of the City, by notice of his Alderman, against each Hustings of Pleas of Land, shall cause to be summoned twelve men having freeholds, of the best and most sufficient of his Ward, to come to the Guildhall to pass upon Inquests if necessary, if there be so many per- sons holding land in the said Ward. And if the parties pleading proceed

Inquisition, thru the Inquest shall be taken by persons holding laud, having at least one freehold in the same Ward in which the tenements are situate, or in the throe other Wards that are nearest to the place where the tenements are ; so that four sufficient men of the same Ward where the tenements are situate be sworn upon the same Inquest, if there be so many. And by custom of the City, no damages are recoverable upon any such Writ of Right patent.

And the Inquest may pass upon the same day by such common summons of the bedel, if the parties be at issue and the jurors attend. And if otherwise, process shall be made to cause the Inquest to appear at the Hustings of Pleas of Land next ensuing, by precept of the Mu\ directed to the Sheriffs. And the Sheriff) shall act ministerially, command of the Mayor, in serving writs and in making execu- tion thereon, notwithstanding that the original writ be directed to the Mayor and Sheriffs in common. And be it known, that as well the tenants as the demandants may appoint tin ir attorneys at such pleas. And if the demandant* declare against the tenants in the nature of a Writ

I iight, and the parties proceed to Inquisition as to the lesser right, then shall the Inquest be taken by four-and- twenty, in the nature of a Grand

1 Penonal m*p«ction by a jury, to ascertain thr exact nature of the demand.

M 2

104 IIXGS OF COMMON PI. I kfl [B.in.

Assize, according as usage demands; provided always, that six of the Ward wherein the tenements are situate, if there be so many of the same Ward, be upon such Inquest of four-mid- twenty. And the tenants, in the case of all such writs, may vouch to warranty within the said city, as also in a foreign county, upon deed shown. If the vouchees hold no tenements within the City, and if the tenants in such writs vouch to warranty in a foreign county, — in which case process cannot be made against the vouchees by the law of the said city — then the record shall be brought before the Justices of the Common Bench, at the suit of the demandant ; and there process shall be made against the vouchee. And when the question of voucher shall be determined in the said Bench, then the whole suit shall be remanded to the Hustings, there to be proceeded with in the pleadings according to the custom of the said city, and according to what in certain Statutes is more fully contained.

And also, if the tenants in such writs plead in bar a release bearing date in a foreign county, or plead other foreign matter that cannot be tried within the said city, then the demandant shall cause process to be removed into the King's Court, for trial of the said matter where it is [so] alleged ; and according to what is there found, the suit shall be remanded to the Hustings, there to be proceeded with according as the case demands. During the whole of the mean time, the plea shall surcease in the Hustings in the same manner as has been done heretofore.

And also, it has been the usage heretofore that a man might sue at the Hustings of Pleas of Land to have execution upon certain judgments given at the Hustings ; and this by bill in the nature of 2 Scire facias, without writ.

And be it known, that the summonses which are to be made upon the tenants in such Writs of Right, may be made two or three days before the said Hustings, or on the Sunday next before such said Hustings.

Of Hustings of Common Pleas.

In Hustings of Common Pleas are pleadable Writs called *Ex Gravi Querela, to have execution of tenements by virtue of testaments enrolled

1 /. *. in the sense of not within the liber- ant to shew why execution of judgment ties of the City. passed should not be made.

2 A judicial writ calling 'i]1"" thr- defend- 3 • M < •<>m].]aiiit'

»•«•! WRIT OF DOWER.

of record in the Hustings, "Writs of Dower lUnde nihil habet, "Write of as to customs and services due in place of *Cessarit, Writs of >r on Judgments given before the Sheriffs, "Write of "Waste, Writs *De Participations facicndd between parceners, Write of 4Quid Juris clamat and of *Per qw* Serritia, and other such Writs as are closed and directed to the Mayor and Sheriffs ; and also, Writs of Replegiare as to *naam* and distresses wrongfully taken are pleadable before the Mayor and Sheriffs, at the same Hustings of Common Pleas, upon plaint made without v And bo it known, that the same Sheriffs arc ministers to act officially and to serve all the said Write and ' 'Replegiare by precept of the Mayor directed to the said Sheriffs ; and the process is such :—

In the first place, of Write Ex Grati Querela notice shall be given to the tenants ; that is to say, two or three days before the Hustings, or on the Sunday before, as in Pleas of Land ; and so shall it be done

. Fol. 1-1 v.

as to all other summonses touching the same Hustings. And if the notice be made and witnessed by the Sheriff or his officers, the tenants may be essoined once. But if the tenants make default, on the said notice :ig attested, then shall be awarded the * Grand Cape; and if they appear, they may bo essoined and have the ° View. And upon this, all the other process shall be fully made, as is mentioned in reference to Write of Right patent in Hustings of Pleas of Land.

Writ of Dower.

Item, in Writ of Dower Unde nihil habet, the tenants shall have at the beginning three summonses, and, after the three summonses, one cssoin : and then they shall have the View, and, after the View, one essoin. And in such Writ of Do\v< r tlu» tenants shall have the View, although they entered through the husband of the demandant, and also notwithstanding that the husband died seised. And also, the tenants may vouch to warranty, and after each appearance may be essoined ; and all the otln-r

• which aha has ""^"f * by way of dirtreM.

•HehafloeaMd'toperformhuMnrioM. ' Onler to make replevin, or re-deiirwy of

•Of making 1'art |Mf»

'What right he claima.' • A judicial writ, ordering that

• By what Service* ' shall be taken of the land. An Anglo-Saxon word, «gnifying •cuurw • By a jury, of the property in dispute.

166 WKIT OF (;A\ Ki.i i.

process shall be made as in Writ of Right in Hustings of Pleas of Land. And if the demandant recovers dower against the tenant by default made or by judgment of law on such Writ of Dower, and the said female demandant alleges in a Court of Record that her husband died seised, — then the Mayor shall command the Sheriffs, by precept, to have sum- moned an Inquest of the venue where the tenements are, against the next Hustings of Common Pleas ; for enquiry if the husband died seised, and as to the value of the tenements and the damages. And if she recovers upon Inquisition, enquiry shall be made as to the damages by the same Inquest.

Of

Item, in Writ of Gavelet the tenants shall have three summonses and three essoins ; they shall also have the View, they may vouch to warranty both denizen and foreigner, and they shall be essoined, and shall have the other exceptions : and all other process shall be made as before declared under Writ of Right in Hustings of Pleas of Land; save that, if the tenant makes default, then after default the demandant shall have judg- ment to recover and to hold for a year and a day ; upon condition, that the tenant may appear within such year and day next ensuing, and n compensation for the arrears, and find such surety as the Court shall award lawfully to pay the. rent or service thereafter, and so receive back his tenements. And within such year and day, the tenant may appear and make the demandant appear in Court by l Scire facias; and he shall receive back his tenements, upon doing as already said.

Scire facias.

And if the tenant does not appear within such year and day, as is already mentioned, then after such year and day the demandant shall have a Scire facias against the tenant, to appear and make answer it' In- knows aught to say why the said demandant should not recover the tene- ments wholly to himself and his heirs for ever. And if the tenant does not appear, or if he appears and knows not what to say, then judg-

1 See page 164, Note 2.

, ni- NVAV1K. 167

ment shall be that the demandant shall recover the tenements wlmlh ever, according to the judgment called ' l SliartfortS by custom of tin aforesaid.

Writ of Waste.

In Writ of Waste, process shall be made against the tenants by sum- mons, attachments, and distresses, according to the Statute in that behalf made. And if the tenant appears and pleads, then he shall have one essoin, and the same after each appearance; and if he makes default upon the Grand Distress, then instructions shall be given to the Sheriffs by precept of the Mayor, — to the effect that the said Sheriffs shall go to the place wasted, and make Inquisition as to the waste and damages, according to the Statute; and that they shall return the Inquisition at the next Hustings of Common Pleas. And the plaintiff shall recover the place wasted and damages, threefold by the 'Statute.

Writ of Error. KOI. 184 >.

Item, in Writ of Error as to judgment given in Court before th« Sheriffs in personal actions, and in Assize of Novel Disseisin or Mort d'Ancestor taken before the Sheriffs and Corom r, the Writ of Error shall be directed to the Mayor and Sheriffs ; and the Mayor shall issue a pre- cept to the Sheriffs to cause the record and process to be brought before the next Hustings of Common Pleas, and to cause notice to be given to the parties to [appear and] hear the record. And after that the record and process shall have been brought into the Hustings, whether the defendant appears upon notice or makes default, the errors shall be assigned, and nigment shall be affirmed or reversed according as the law

<lfinan<Is.

And be it made known, that by usage of the said city, when a man is condemned in debt or attainted of damages in any personal action before the Sheriffs, and brings such Writ of Error, the person who so brings the writ ought and has been wont, before being delivered from prison, to find sufficient surety by persons redding within the same city, before the

1 The old Englimh name of judgment of choke.' See Folio 242 B.

; *bo called ' Fonhot* or • Foe* * Of Gloucester, 6 Edwwtl I., c. &

168 REPLEGl \

Mayor and Sheriffs, for paying the money or having his body ready in case the judgment is affirmed. And so it shall be done where damages an recovered in Assizes before the Sheriffs and Coroner.

Rcplegiare.

Item, in Repkgiare the process is this. — If any man takes a distress on another's ground within the said city, he to whom the goods belong may come to one of the Sheriffs, and shall have an officer by command of the Court, to go to the party who has taken the goods ; and, if he can have View thereof, to appraise the same goods by two reputable men. And then a plaint shall be entered on the Sheriffs' paper to this effect, — ' Such ' person makes plaint against such person as to his distresses unjustly taken in his ' house or in his freehold, in such a parish; ' and the same party shall there find two sufficient pledges to prosecute his suit and to make return of the goods, or the value, in case return thereof shall be awarded ; and so he shall have delivery made thereof. And the parties shall have a day named beforehand at the next Hustings of Common Pleas. And then at the said next Hustings of Common Pleas, the Sheriff shall prepare a bill containing the whole matter and the plaint, and shall carry the same bill to the said Hustings, and there it shall be put upon the file, and the parties shall be demanded ; upon which day the one and the other may be essoincd by common essoin : and upon such day, if the plaintiff makes default, return of the goods shall be awarded to the * avowant ; and return in such case is awardable by the custom three times, and at the third time [the goods are] irreplevisable. And then the avowant may have an assize of the same rent, even though he was never seised of the said rent before. And upon occasion when the avowant makes default, then it shall be awarded that the distresses shall remain with the plaint iif, — 'to wit, let the distresses so remain' — [but] without recovery of any damages.

And if so be that the Sheriff cannot have View of the distress taken, then he shall certify the same at the said Hustings, and there shall 2 Withernam be awarded, and thereupon process shall be made. And if

1 The person who avows or admits that " A Writ so call* •• I. tr»m two Anglo-Saxon he has made the distress. words signifying * seizure per contra S

it i.) 169

ni<l avowry is mad. . and they plead for judgment or for issue by Inquisition ; th< n shall judgment be given or process made to summon the Inquest, according as the case demands: and at'i.-r each appearance the parties may be essoined. And if a party claims property in the distress, tlu-n let him certify the same at the Hustings, and process shall be made, upon precept made to the Sheriffs, to try such right of prc>I B. And in case a party is essoined of the king's Sen i«-e in

Rej> ;iid at the day which he has by essoin makes default or does

not bring his warranty, he shall incur no penalty thereby.

Writ of Partition.

Item, in Writ *De Participation* faciendd, for making partition between parceners of tenements in London, a close writ shall be directed to the Mayor and Sheriffs, setting forth the matter according to the form of such writ ; and the parties shall have notice by precept of the Mayor directed to the said Sheriffs. And the tenants may be essoined ; and if they appear, they may plead their case ; and if they moke default, partition shall be awarded by default, according to the custom of the City.

Of Return by the bedels.

Item, each bedel of the said city, by notice of his Alderman, against each I In -tings of Common Pleas shall cause to be summoned six free- holders, of the best and most sufficient of the Ward — if there shall be so many persons holding land in the said Ward— to appear at the Guildhall aforesaid, to pass upon Inquest if required. And the Inquisi- s shall be taken as already mentioned under HUM ings of Pleas of Land.

Writ of Exigent.

Item, Writs of Exigent are demandable at Hustings, as well Hustings of Common Pleas as Hustings of Pleas of Land. But such Exigents as are demanded at the one Hustings shall not be demanded at the other Hustings. And at the tilth Hustings, outlawries and 8waiveries shall be

1 One of the five legitimate etaoina or ex- * 'Of making Parti t OHMS for non-appearance. * ' Waivery ' WM the outlawry of a female.

170 WRIT AS TO ENFOKi l\r, K N If , II I HOOD. (BLttt

awarded in full Hustings, before the Mayor and Aldermen, by mouth of their Recorder; and also, all judgments that are given at tho shall be given in the same manner. And the same Exigents, after Hustings, shall be counter-enrolled and sent to the Chamber of the Guild- hall aforesaid.

Of Amercements.

Item, be it made known, that all amercements incident to the said Hustings pertain unto the Sheriffs of the said city.

Of the Aldermen.

Item, the Aldermen of London shall be summoned to come to the Hustings ; and they ought, by usage of the said city, to be summoned by an officer of the Sheriff, mounted upon a horse of the value of one hundred shillings at least.

Writ as to enforcing Knighthood.

' Edward, etc., to the Sheriffs of London, greeting. We do command you, ' strictly enjoining, that in the city aforesaid, wherever unto you it shall seem ' expedient, you shall cause public proclamation to be made that all such ' as hold forty pounds in land, or in rents, per annum, and for three whole ' years have held the same, and are not knights, shall receive the order 'of knighthood before the Feast of Saint Laurence [10 August] next ' ensuing, or at that Feast at the latest, under the peril that thereunto ' pertains ; and shall make diligent enquiry as to the names of those who ' hold forty pounds in lands or in rents per annum in the city aforesaid, as ' before-mentioned, and certify us in our Chancery as to such names, before ' the Feast aforesaid. And this in nowise omit. Witness myself, at West- ' minster, this thirtieth day of June, in the eighteenth year of our reign 'in England, and of our reign in France the fifth.'

Return made to the same.

'We have caused to be proclaimed throughout our bailiwick all the 'articles in this Writ contained, in manner in the same enjoined. We ' have also caused enquiry to be made, upon oath of good and lawful men

! \- It) I N !•••!<. I !H HOOD. 171

4 of our said bailiwick, if there are any persons who hold forty pounds of 'land or of rent per annum in such our bailiwick, un<l for three whole ' years have held the same ; and in like manner, as to those who hold 4 partly in our bailiwick, and partly elsewhere, to the amount aforesaid. ' Upon whose oath we have found, that all tenements and rents in the 'city aforesaid are held of his lordship the King, / as free burgage,

' at fee form ; and that there is no one who holds forty pounds in land ' or in rent per annum for certain in the same ; seeing that the tenements 'in the city aforesaid are sometimes let for more, sometimes for 'less, and oftentimes are standing empty and unlet, while ' yet they require divers outlays and frequent amendments and repairs ; 4 for which reasons, as also the destruction of household property by fire, 4 and divers other perils that occur, no certainty as to the true value of the ' same per annum can be attained. And as to the lands and rents which izens of the city aforesaid hold elsewhere without our bailiwick, the ' jurors say, that as to the value thereof per annum they know nothing, nor ' are they able to make inquisition as to the same/

Writ M to enforcing Knighthood.

* The King to the Sheriffs of London, greeting. We do command you, ' strictly enjoining, that in the city aforesaid and the suburbs thereof, in 4 such places as you shall deem it expedient, you shall strictly cause pro- 4 clamation in our behalf to be made, that all such as hold forty pounds 'in land, or in rents, per annum , and for three whole years have held ' the same, and are not knights, shall receive the order of knighthood 4 before the Feast of Saint Michael next ensuing, or at that Feast at the ' latest, under the peril that thereunto pertains ; and shall make diligent luiry as to the names of those who hold forty pounds in lands or in 4 rents per annum in your bailiwick, as before-mentioned, and certify us in 4 our Chancery as to such names, before the Feast aforesaid. And this in 4 nowise omit. Witness myself, at Westminster, this first day of August, in Mho thirtieth year of our reign in England, and of our reign in France 'the seventeenth.'

<rn made to the *me.

I ii MI t ut • t \V lit to this Schedule annexed, we, Walter Foretcr and

FIXE FOR FOREST \I.\1! NI or (I.oilis. [U. in.

' Thomas de Brandone, Sheriffs of London, have caused to be proclaimed in ' the city aforesaid and in the suburbs thereof, in such places as unto us it 'has seemed expedient, all the articles in the said writ contained, in 'manner enjoined in the same. We have also caused enquiry to be ni; ' upon oath of good and lawful men of our said bailiwick, if there are any ' persons who hold forty pounds in land or in rents per annum in such our ' bailiwick, and for three whole years have held the same. Upon whose ' oath we have found, that all tenements and rents in the city aforesaid are ' held of his lordship the King, in capitc, as free burgage, at fee ferm ; and ' that there is no one who holds forty pounds in land or in rents per annmn ' for certain in the same ; seeing that the tenements in the city aforesaid are ' sometimes let for more, sometimes for less, and oftentimes are standing ' empty and unlet, while yet they require divers outlays, [and] frequent 'amendments and repairs; for which reasons, as also the frequent de- ' struction of household property by fire, and divers other perils that occur, ' no certainty as to the true value of the same per annum can be attained.'

A fine exacted for the Forcstalmcnt of cloths.

Forasmuch as in the Charters of his lordship the King unto the citizens of London granted and confirmed, it has been granted that no merchant or other person shall meet merchants coming, by land or by water, with their merchandize and provisions towards that city, for the purpose of buying or re-selling, until such time as they shall have arrived at the said city and have there exposed their goods for sale, under forfeiture of the thing bought and pain of imprisonment, from which without heavy chastisement he shall not escape ; — and whereas now, on the first day of July, it was pre- sented unto the Mayor and Aldermen by Robert Somersete and his fellows, surveyors of the Mystery of Drapers elected and sworn faithfully here to present defaults [by them] in the said mystery found, that one John Olyver, a draper of Cornhulle, did, on the last day of June just cxpin <1, buy of one William Eyot of the County of Surrey, in Cornhullc, t\\<» fardels of cloth which at that time were in Suthwerk, and then coming to London for sale, and thereby did forestal the said cloths befoiv they had come to the place in London ordained for the sale thereof, in cunt rave -ntion of the grant aforesaid and against the custom of the City, •

Pt. r.) 1 7 • \

The said John Oly\<r, up-.n tho same day, being questioned thereon, made answer that he did buy five pieces of cloth in the manner above against him alleged; and as to the same he put himself upon the favour of the Court, etc. And he [further] said, that he did not, as above alleged, buy more pieces of cloth, and as to the same, as being a freeman, he waged his law ; and he had a day to make his law, according to the custom of the City, the second day, namely, of July then next ensuing, ; and was bailed by Symon Mordone, etc.

Afterwards, on the said second day of July, the said John Olyver put

himself upon the favour of the Court as to all the cloths above alleged,

etc.; whereupon it was awarded, that all the cloths aforesaid should be

forfeited to the use of the commonalty. And afterwards, on the same day,

favour of the Mayor and Aldermen, the said John commuted for the

it u re aforesaid by a fine of five marks, which sum he paid unto the

Chamberlain to the use of the commonalty.

Of Assizes of Novel Disseisin, called ' frcsshforce.'

Item, the Assizes of l Novel Disseisin, called 'Frczsheforce,' as to lands, and its, and rents, in the City of London, and disseisins made therein within ill-1 forty weeks, are holden and terminable before the two Sheriffs and the Coroner of the said city in common, every Saturday at the Guild- hall, except at certain times when for reasonable causes such A^n««a can- not be held. And the process therein is such ; that is to say, when any man feels himself aggrieved and that he has been disseised of his freehold in the said city or the suburbs thereof, he shall come to any Hustings held at the Guildhall, or, in default of such Hustings, to the Congregation of the Mayor and Aldermen in the Chamber of Guildhall, upon any Monday, and shall there present a bill. And such bill shall be as follows ; — ' Such a 1 person make* plaint of intrusion against such a person, a* to his freehold, in 1 such a parish in London, situate in London, or in such a parish in the suburbs 1 of London' and the same bill shall be enrolled. And another bill De Intru- sione shall be prepared thereupon by the Common Clerk of the City, making mention of the title of the Hustings or of the day of Congregation of th.«

' /.<. of iliiMinii of UncLi made Uarooeot period.

174 laeaaa <>K \<>YI i. I>ISSKIM\. H. ....

Mayor and Aldermen, [and] containing all the first bill : and this bill, so made by the Common Clerk, shall then be sent to the Sheriffs or to one of them, to make process and do right as towards the parties.

And then, when the bill shall have been so served, on the Wednesday next ensuing, namely, the officer of the Sheriff to whom the bill is deli- vered shall cause to be summoned the tenant or tenants named in the said bill of Assize, upon view of two freemen of the City, and that at the tene- ments as to which the disseisin is made, or at the tenements from which the rent [withheld] is alleged to be forthcoming. And there the tenants shall be told that they must keep their day at the Guildhall on the Satur- day then next ensuing, at their own peril ; and the names of the two sum- moners shall be endorsed upon the bill. And then the plaintiff may sue to array the Assize and to summon the jurors against the said Saturday, or against some other Saturday afterwards, at his will. And so may the tenants sue for their deliverance if they please ; and such summons shall be made on the Friday before the said Saturday. And the array of the panels of jurors shall be made by the Sheriffs and their officers, or else by the Mayor and Aldermen, if any one of the parties for reasonable cause shall think proper to pray the same. And after this, the said Assizes shall be pleaded and regulated, for the most part as elsewhere at Common Law. And if a release bearing date in a foreign county, bastardy, or some other foreign matter that cannot be tried in the said city, be alleged at such Assize, then the plaintiffs may sue to have the record removed ini<> the Court of his lordship the King, to try the matter there according as the case may demand. And when the matter shall have been determined in the King's Court, the whole process shall be remanded to the said Sheriffs and Coroner, or to their successors, to be proceeded with according to the custom of the City, in such manner as has been done heretofore. And be it made known, that there is no discontinuance wrought in such Assizes, nor is there any mention made in the record <>t the mesne days between the Assize [first] brought and the day on whi< -h the Assize is [again] brought or judgment given, unless it be for some necessary reason, or that such Assizes have been adjourned for especial causes. And when the Assizes are taken before the Sheriffs and Corom-r, as aforesaid, and judgment has been given thereupon, then shall HU< -li Assizes so determined be entered of record ; and afterwards they shall l.<

17",

t-» tin- rhamh'T of the (niildhall. ;in in tin- !':• J0U | |

as of record. And be it made known, that no <. iry into

any t.-nemeiit \vithin the said city by r hold any tenement by force

and arms, or to the disturbance of the peace. But if any such entry be made by force, then is such force to be ousted. And the parties then may come before the Mayor and Aldermen, and may there shew their case, their evidences, and their muniments ; and there it shall be ordered by the said Mayor and Aldermen, at their discretion, which party shall be adjudged to be in pos- -si,,n t<>r the time, and which shall be adjudged to enter suit ; saving always to the parties their answers, and their advantages byway of 10 Sheriffs and Coroner on holding the Assize.

Of Assizes of Mort d* Ancestor.

Item, Assizes of *Mort d' Ancestor are holden and terminable before the Sheriffs and Coroner of London, upon Saturdays, from fortnight to fort- night at the Guildhall, the process therein being this ; — that is to say, tin- person who wishes to have such Assize, shall come to the Hustings or to a Congregation of the Mayor and Aldermen in the Chamber of the Guild- hall, upon any 1 .11 manner already im niioned as to the Assize of

<xheforcet and shall present a bill in the usual form of Assize of Mort d'Am< M<>r, according to his case, which bill shall be enrolled. And ai:

K the Common Clerk shall prepare another bill containing all the matter of the first bill, making mention of the title <>i the Hustings or of the day of Congregation of the Mayor and Aldermen ; and this bill shall be sent to the Sheriffs, or to one of them, to serve the same according to custom. And the said hill shall be served by some serjeant or other officer

u Sheritl ; that is to say, the said officer, on the Wednesday n« <lrli\.-ry "i1 the hill, shall make summons to the tenants, at the tenements demanded, by witness of two freemen of the City, that they appear at the Guildhall "!i the Saturday next ensuing, to hear the recognizance, if they think proper so to do. Against which Saturday t lie demandant may sue, on the 1 i*jforc, to array and summon the jurors ; and the like

» 'Death of Ancertor.' This writ lay land*, ami after their death a rtranger en- v a man'i father, mother, brother, airier, teml, to the j the claimant

near relation, had died neiw.1

176

in. in

afterwards, against the following Saturdays, from fortnight to fortnight, at his will. And so also may the tenants sue, if they think proper, for their deliverance.

And the arrays of the panels of such Assizes shall be made by the Sheriffs and their officers, or by the Mayor and Aldermen, if any one of the parties shall think proper upon reasonable cause to demand it, in manner as the usage is in the Assize of Fressheforce. And in such Assizes of Mort d' Ancestor, the parties may essoin as at Common Law, and the tenants may vouch to warranty within the City, and also in a foreign county if the 1 vouchee has no tenements within the City. And if the tenants plead a release bearing date in a foreign county, or other foreign matter that cannot be tried within the City, or if they vouch to warranty in a foreign county one who has no possessions in the City, then, at the suit of the other party, the record shall be removed into the Court of his lordship the King, by writ directed to the said Sheriffs and Coroner ; and there shall such foreign pleas and foreign vouchers be tried and

t'nl 187 A

determined, and then remanded to the said Sheriffs and Coroner, to continue and be proceeded with according to the custom of the City. And 2continuance shall be made in such Assizes upon such preceding causes, as also upon other causes that are reasonable. And when the Assizes shall be terminated, and judgment given thereupon, such Assizes shall be engrossed and entered of record by the said Sheriffs and Coroner, and then sent to the Guildhall, there to remain of record, in the same manner as Assizes of Fressheforce.

Of the Days of sitting of the Sheriffs' Court.

In the first place, be it made known that the said Sheriffs hold Courts of his lordship the King before them, in the Guildhall of London, and pleas of debt of any sum whatever and of all other personal actions, at the suit of parties. And each of such Sheriffs holds his Court at the said Guildhall severally and by himself apart; and that, upon plaints and dr< -la rat ions made before the one and the other of the said Sheriffs, as well in tin ir

1 The party vouched by them, or called surcease in the suit, by reason of its being upon to support their title. taken in the interim before an.-th'-r < "Hit.

$ /. f, there shall be no discontinuance or

• »}• < \!«! 177

own Compters as at the said Guildhall, according to the custom of tin- aforesaid. And each of the said Sheriffs is wont to hold by himself, apart, two General Courts in the week; as also daily, for d oe of

foreigners and strangers, if necessary ; unless they be ink-i -nipted by Feast-days or other reasonable causes.

Of Capias.

And it is the usage for the clerks and officers of the said Sheriffs, hwith upon plaint made, to award Capias and other process ndants, upon testimony of Serjeants of the said office thereunto d, j,,. as \vt-ll at the said Compters as at the Guildhall. And it is tin- usage to

in plaints of debt, account, and covenant, and in all u: personal

Furttor as to award of Capias.

And the person so arrested, at the suit of a party for debt or otlu sonal action, may find 'main prise at the said Compters or else when tin- Sheriffs or tin ir d. rks thereunto deputed. that they will appear at the r,,urt holden at the said Guildhall before the sain i Mure

whom such plaint has been made; upon condition that, if the defendant does not appear at the said next Court to keep his day, then he shall be demned in the debt in the said plaint contained ; save that the plaintiff, if 1 10 be present or can conveniently be made to appear in Court, shall be examined on oath as to what sum is clearly due to him, and on v grounds: beyond which sum found due upon such examination, tin- j.lain- -hall recover nothing, except his damages, which shall be adjudged to him nation by the Court, or by Inquest if it be necessary. And it

the d. i, nd.mt IK) not found, then shall the Hnainpernors be taken and .:«<! with the debt and damages aforesaid.

on arrested way timl M<tinper*an.

And if it !*• a plaint of trespass, of battery, of seizure of goods, or other personal a< ti..n where a person should recover damages ; if tl.< hint

1 Bail nr «.. ,i§ future Appearance, are his bail or

taken by the hand ;' tome who

178

OF M A I NIT. II V [R. rn.

makes default, — in such case, after ho has been anvst.d and has found mainprise, as before mentioned, he shall be adjudged as attainted ; and the plaintiff shall cause declaration to be made by bill as to the cause of suit. and the amount of such damages and such lien. And upon tin's, ;m Inquest of office shall be summoned as to such lien, to tax the damages for the -plaintiff. And if the defendant be not found, then the mainpcrnors shall be charged, as before. And if the Court can be clearly assured by the said Inquest, or upon sufficient examination of the plaintiff, that the defendant is not guilty, in such case the plaintiff shall recover nothing, notwithstanding the default.

Of the Maiupcrnors.

And when any such mainpernors are arrested and committed to prison, because their principals are not found; nevertheless, at whatever timo such principals can be found, and be placed in arrest at the suit of such mainpernors, then the said mainpernors shall be set at liberty.

Of the same.

Item, when a man is bodily arrested and finds mainprise to appear at his day ; or puts himself upon Inquest, or pleads for judgment, and finds main- pernors to wait until such suit is determined, according to the custom of the City ; still, at whatever time the chief mainpernors shall choose to come to the Court of Record, or to the Compter, in which the plea is pending, and surrender the body of him for whom they h so become mainpernors, they shall be duly received, and shall from thenceforth be discharged of their mainprise.

Of Auditors.

And if a man is arrested on plaint of account, and finds mainprise to appear at the next Court, and makes default, then the mainpernors shall have notice to appear at the next Court then to be held, and the plaintiff shall have the same day ; and then, if such mainpernore appear, auditors shall be assigned to take the account in presence of the plaint ill' and the mainpernors. And such mainpernors shall be heard, if they have aught to say in discharge of the account. And if the mainpernors do not choose

IIRI I.sTRVH 17!»

to q hen the plaintiff shall recover his arrears upon examination and

li made by him. And, in the same manner it shall be done, if the defendant is convicted in account by Inquisition }i

Of Breach of Sequestration.

And also, if plaint is made against any sufficient freeman, or against other man sufficient and residing within the City, then such defendant shall be summoned by a serjeant of the Sheriffs to appear at the Guildhall to make answer to the plaintiff, at the Court of the denizens : at wi Court, if he makes default, he shall be amerced, and Grand Distress shall be forthwith awarded, by usage of the City; and then it shall be awarded that the doors of the defendant be shut and sealed, until such time as he shall be willing to appear and make answer to the plaintiff. And at each Court

denizens that he shall be demanded and shall not appear, he shall lose his * issues. And if he breaks the sequestration, and the same is attested by the serjeant in Court, then it shall be awarded that the defendant be arrested bodily, and that he pay a fine for such contempt. And when he is so arrested, he shall find sufficient sureties for his appearance at the then next Court to answer the [other] party, under the penalty before limited where Capias is awarded. And if such defendant makes several delays, and it is attested hy the serjeant that the dt -I'riidant is about to fly or is non- rnifiu -it-lit, then shall Capias be awarded to take the body, or to arrest ami appraise the goods of sin -h d» fondant, as also for foreign attarhmont.

/

And if any parties appear and plead for Inquest or for judgment, then they shall be ruled according to the usages of the City, without having any essoin in such personal actions, either before or after. And even if FI udant as has pleaded i»r Inquest make default nit. r Inquest join nevertheless, if he afterwards appears \\ Inquest is charged, he

shall have his challenges of the jurors and shall set forth his evidences, default made by him to the contrary notwithstanding.

1 The proBU then doe from the property him in the hinds of other partae*. See page held in noqucrtration. I v :

- Seizure of any debts that may be due to

N 2

180 WAffl \u i; "'•

Of Wager of Lau\

And after the parties are at issue upon Inquest, such parties arc not demandable unless the Inquest be summoned. But such Inquest may be summoned, as well at suit of the defendant as well as at that of the plaintiff. And in plea of debt, the defendant may wage his law, by usage of the City, [in proof] that he owes nothing to the plaintiff; that is to say, if he is a man enfranchised in the City or residing within such city, [he may wage his law] awith the seventh hand, himself named as one. And such defendants may ^lake their law forthwith in Court upon such law being waged, if they have the persons ready ; or otherwise, they shall have a day named for making their law at the Court next ensuing.

And if the defendant is a foreigner, a stranger, and non- resident in the City, he may wage and make his law with tin third hand forthwith, himself named as one, [to the effect that] he owes nothing to the plaintiff, and so shall he be acquitted. And if he has not two men ready to make such oath with him, then the defendant, at the request of the plaintiff, must go, in the custody of a Serjeant of the Court, to the six churches nearest to the Guildhall ; and in the said churches he must swear that the oath which he made at the Guildhall was good. And after this, the defendant shall be brought back to the Guildhall, and shall have his judgment of acquittal ; and as to the plaintiff, he shall be amen •«•<!. And in the same manner it shall be done in other personal actions when- wager of law may be had. And where women in such cases are imple;nletl and wage their law, they may make their law with men or with women, as tin -y may please.

[Further'] of Wager of L<i«\

And if a man enfranchised in the City is impleaded by way of trespass for goods carried away, or for battery where no blood is shed or bl.»\\- apparent, as also for any other trespass alleged to be against the p( such freeman, so impleaded, may wage and make his law that he

1 /. e. with seven compurgatore or jurors them upon oath as to their Ix-lief in th< IX.M- on his behalf, himself being one ; such jurors existence «-f the <k

or compurgatore being frequently called * No. 188 has been accidentally onntt' <i

'hands.' in the iiiiiii«-r;iti"ii «-f tin- f..li..s in the original.

2 /. f. produce their compurgatore, and put

\ ^ 181

j-iiliy, by u . \vitli the seventh hand, in manner

id.

Of Exccutor.-

'ions of d maintainable against «

and admin: rs and adminis-

trators, by usage of ' . when they appear to make answer, may

law with as many hands as the Court shall think proper to to the ell'eet that tl u-y know nothing of t: . nor

nor of the covenant, and that they believe, upon their con- :hat their testator at his death owed nothing to the plaintiff, and 1 Token no covenant with him ; and in such manner be discharged. And if a man is imph-aded by plaint of debt for victuals consumed in house of the plaintiii; or for the rent of houses hired, called 'house-

'.nit -hall not have his law; nor in such cases has any prot< .-n allo\\

case of a W

And when- a \\ . .man -cor> follows any craft within t lie said

spart. with which the husband in no way intermeddles,

woman shall he bound as a single woman as to all that concerns her said

And if the husband and wife are impleaded, in such case, t shall plead as a single woman in a Court of Record, and shall have her law and other advantages by way of plea just as a single woman. And if is condemned, she shall be committed to prison until she shall have made satisfaction; and neither the husband nor his <rU,Kls >hail in such case be charged 01 <1 with.

'«.

though a single woman, rents any house or shop within •diall IK? bound to pay the rent of the said house or shop, and shall be impleaded and sued as a single woman, by way of d

the hand And term for A married woman. Thi« law «till

h'.KUgoodinthct l.ya husband;' an old legal

182 PLEA OF THI'.M'A^. CB in.

if necessary, notwithstanding that she was corerte de baron at the time of such letting, supposing that the lessor did not know thereof.

Of Plea of Trespass.

Item, if plaint of trespass is made against a man and his wife for trespass committed by the wife only, then the woman shall make ans\\» r alone [and] without her husband, if such husband does not appear ; and she shall have her plea as though she were a single woman. And if she is attainted of trespass, she shall be condemned and committed to prison until she shall have made satisfaction for the same.

Of the same.

Item, if plaint of trespass is made by husband and wife as to battery committed upon the wife, in such case, the wife shall be received for herself and for her husband, to sue and recover damages as against the defendant, even though the husband be not present.

Of Debt.

Item, where plaint of debt is made against the husband, and the plaintiff

declares that the husband made the contract with the plaintiff by tin-

hand of the wife of such defendant, in such case, the said defendant shall

have the aid of his wife, and shall have a day until tin- next

Court, for taking counsel with his wife ; and * lldem dies ' shall

be given to the plaintiff.

How Freedom [is to be proved].

And when any defendant, in a plea of debt or other personal action, wages his law as a freeman of the City, and the plaintiff demands how he is free, it behoves the defendant to allege which he is, free by birth or by redemption; and if he says that he is free by redemption, the plaint ill' may claim that the defendant have his record at the next Court. And if he fails as to such record, then he shall be attainted and adjudged con- victed in the cause. And if the defendant alleges that he is free by birth,

1 ' The same day :' the technical name of the respite.

FOREIGN ATTAMIMIA 183

the plaintiff may assert that he was not born within th and the

same shall be enquire 1 into by Inqn D within the said city, I

the plae-e in which nt shall think proper to all

was born. And this issue is peremptory.

Of Cont '/•

Item, where two or more are [jointly] bound within the City by obli- gation of debt, and each of them in the entirety, if one of such obligors r if the person in favour of whom the obligation is made sues within the said city and recovers the debt against one of such obligors only, then the one who has paid the debt, or is so condemned, may sue the other obligors by plaint of debt, jointly or severally, to make contribution ; that so each shall pay in proportion according to the usage of the City ; saving to the parties their reasonable answers.

Of Foreign Attachments.

Item, when plaint of debt is made before one of the said Sheriffs, and

: by th<- ollierr that tin- defendant has not sufficient assets in

1 allegation is made by the plaintiff that the defendant has

goods and chattels, or debts in other hands or in other keeping within the

said rity ; and it is prayed by the said plaintiff that such goods and

may be arrested and the debts stopped; then, at the suit and

suggestion of such j such goods and chattels, wherever they may

be found \\ithin the City, shall be arrested, and the debts stopped in the

hands of the debtors, at peril of the plaintiff.

And upon this, the plaintiff shall continue his suit at four Courts before the same Sheriff before whom the plaint was [first] alleged, until such as the > ' -li ill have been tour times demanded; and if •

ndant does not appear at the fourth Court, and makes four < then the defaulter's goods and chattels, so arrested, shall be appraised and delivered to the ; and if the goods be not of the same value as the

th.ii the debts stopped in the hands of the debtors shall be 1< and delivered to the said plaintiff, up to the amount in demand. And i arrests of goods and stoppages of monies are called ' Foreign Attach- nts,' according to the custom of t

184

EIGN ATTACHMES [B.in.

And upon this, the plaintiff shall find sufficient surety to the Court by pledges, before delivery is made to him ; the condition being, that he shall make restitution to the defendant of all the goods and chattels so taken, or of the value thereof, and of the monies as to which he has so had execution, if so be that the defendant comes to the Court within a year and a day next ensuing, and is able to discharge and justify himself by law, to the effect that he owed nothing to the plaintiff at the time of such plaint being made. And [if] the defendant shall think proper to appear within the year and day, as before-mentioned, to justify himself, and to plead with the plaintiff, then he shall have a Scire facias out of the same [Court of] Record against the party who has had such execution, to give him notice to appear at the next Court, if he know aught to say why restitution shall not be made in manner aforesaid.

And if he against whom the Scire facias is so sued has such notice, and makes default, or if it is testified that he has nothing within the City. ]or that he can receive notice, and he does not appear at the next Court, then the person who sued the Scire facias shall have restitution of all the goods and chattels so taken, or else of the value thereof; as also of all the monies of which the [other] party had delivery by reason of such Foreign Foi loo A Attachment. *n the same manner he shall have restitution, if'lie can discharge himself by way of plea. And in the same manner shall restitution be made, in due proportion, if the defendant can discharge himself by way of plea of a part of the debt, even though he shall not be able to discharge himself of the whole. And if the party who has had such execution has not a sufficiency to make restitution in manner afore- said, then his said pledges shall be charged.

And if he against whom such foreign attachment is made, does not appear within the year and day to justify himself, as already mentioned, then shall he be foreclosed from thenceforth. And be it made known, that if, during such Foreign Attachments, any other person comes into the Court of Record before the fourth default is recorded, or before execution N sued, and is ready to prove that the goods arrested were his «>\\ n Broods at the time of such arrest being made, and still are so and not of him as being whose goods they \vere arrested, and that the person as being whose

1 This passage is u]>|>.m nt'v i:. is pn.l.al.K tli. m<. -tiling.

! I).

goods ll. arrested hud no right of property in the said goods, nor

any other person himself, to the amount of four hen lie shall

be put to his proof, and shall make oath in manner 'aforesaid, by his own hand, etc. ; and he shall have delivery of all such goods so arrested, or of part of them, according as he shall have made proof [in refen to].

Of t

\ so too, a servant shall have proof as to the goods of his master which are in his charge, according to the discretion of the Court, And also, if the defendant in such Foreign Attachment comes into Court at the fourth default recorded, or before, he shall be admitted to plead with the I'l.i in! ill'; and in the same manner he shall be admitted if he comes before execution sued, provided the plaintiff be present in Court or otherwise have notice. And in the same manner, in such cases of Foreign Attachment, those in whose hands any goods are so arrested upon suggestion of ititls, and those in whose hands any monies are stopped, may come • a Court of Record before the same Sheriffs, and be excused and discharged upon oath by them made, to the effect that they had no such goods in thrir charge, and that they owed no money to such defendants* at th. time that such arrests and stoppages were so made [as to the property] in thrir hai.

Of Foreign Acquittance or Release all ;,

i, where a man i^ im pleaded before one of the Sheriffs of London by plaint <>f d»-l>t, and the plaintiff produces an obligation bearing date in I !"'i, in proof of the debt so due to him, whrtlur the said ol be simple, or endorsed, or made by indentures thereupon ; in such case, by usage of th, < lant shall not be admitted i*> plead any

acquittance or release by tin- plaintiff bearing date in a f<> \ , or

••nditinn or otl.rr ma" :UT

as can be « mjuind into and trird in the same city. And if an\ nit,

in such ease, pleads any surh acquittance or release, or alleges any payin

the oath nude at the nz church**, where the party had no other

oooqmrgrtor 9* •,-.».• Is" ••••'

186 niil.KiATlON WniHHT DA1K AT A I'lKTAlN PLAGE. .». m.

made or other matter done in a foreign county, out of the said city, to oust the Court of its jurisdiction, and such dci'i -ndant thinks propi T to say nothing else, he shall be barred for default of answer. But if so be that the endorsement of the obligation, or the indenture's mado thnvupmi, mak<> express mention of making or performing any condition or other matin- elsewhere out of the City, and such matter is alleged by the defendant, then the Court shall surcease, and the plaintiff shall be told to sue at Common Law.

And after the same manner is the usage in plaint of trespass. And in other personal actions as to bargains and contracts made in the said city, the defendants shall not be admitted to plead or allege any mat in- cut of the said city, but only such matter as can be enquired into and tried within the same city.

Of an Obligation icithout date at a certain place.

Item, where an obligation is proffered which bears date at no certain place, and the plaintiff in declaring alleges that the said obligation was made in a certain parish in the City of London, and the defendant on his part alleges that such obligation was made in a certain place without the City, and is ready to prove the same, and therewith pleads foreign matter as to the same in avoidance of the said obligation ; while the plaintiff tenders to make proof by the Country that the said obligation was made within the City of London, in such manner as he has declared; in such case, it is the usage to take the Inquisition in London, from the parish wherein the plaintiff has declared that such obligation was made, if the plaintiff prays to that effect. And if it be found that the obligation was made in London, as the plaintiff has alleged by his declara- tion, then shall the defendant be condemned in the debt, and in damages to be taxed by the same Inquest.

Of an Obligation with a double penalty.

Item, where an obligation is made with a double penalty by mdnr>nnmt or by indentures, and the obligor is impleaded and a< knowledges siu-h

1 /. <?, by jurors.

OBI. i'. vi ION VVIIH i IT. 187

obligation, ami the day of payment has expired, as may be seen by the said obligation; y. t, iu \vrtheless, the plaintiff ought to recover only

i at is in arreur, and that by oath of such plaintiff, or by lawful information of his attorney, if the plaintiff be not present, and not twofold amount of the debt that is contained in the said obligation ; and his damages shall be taxed for him l»y the Court according to the time that has expired, at its own discretion or else by Inquest. And t though the defendant in such case, against such obligation made with a double penalty, plead that it is not his deed, or that he ]has completed the days of payment contained in the endorsement or in the indentures made thereon, or other like matter, and put himself upon Inquest as to the same, and it be found against the defendant by verdict of such Inquest; still, the plaintiff shall recover nothing but that which is found clearly due by such Inquest, that is to say, the single debt and his damages aa taxed by the same Inquest.

And if an obligation in the single is proffered, and the defendant acknow- ledges the obligation, and the day has expired and the defendant alleges that the plaintiff has been paid part of the debt ; then the plaintiff, at the request of the defendant, shall be examined upon his oath as to how much is in arrear; and in such case, the plaint ill' shall recover nothing beyond what he shall be willing to swear is duo and in arrear ; and his damages shall be taxed by the Court. And if, against such obligation made in the single, the udant pleads that it is not his deed, and it is found that it is t lie .

lant; still, the plaintiff shall recover imthing but what is found due by the Inquest, and clearly in arrear, and his damages as taxed by such Inquest And the defendant in such case shall pay a fine for contradicting his own deed ; and in the other cases ho shall be 2amerced.

Ofau Olli'j tifioni.9

an obligation is made for payment of a certain sum upon

divers < -nnditinns to bo performed, l.y endorsement or by indentures made

icon, and plaint is modi and th. p.mi, ^ are at traverse

and at issue upon some especial condition broken ; and it is found by

pattage in probably imperfect ; ' «<* * /. r. pay » more modemte mm than that completed' would Mem to be the meaning. exacted for contradicting his own deed.

188 ACQVniANCT. Al.I.K<;l.l> l<> UK IN IHMVM PABTB,

Inquest, on wager of the parties, against tlie defendant, to the ell'ect tliat he is so bound and that he has broken the said condition; still, the plaintiff shall not recover the whole sum named in such obligation, hut he shall recover such damages as he has sustained by reason of the said condition being broken; and his damages shall be taxed by the >;mu Inquest, and the obligation shall be saved to him, that he may avail himself of the other conditions thereafter. But as to this custom some are in doubt.

Of an Acquittance alleged to be in distant park.

Item, if an obligation of debt is proffered and the defendant alleges that he has an acquittance or indenture, or other matter under seal of tin- plaintiff, which would avail him and discharge him as against the plaint ill', if he had the same ready in hand; and further says, that the said muni- ments are in a foreign county and out of the City, and is ready to make oath as to the same; then the said defendant, after sueh oath made, shall have a day assigned by the Court to have ready his said muniments under seal at a certain Court thereafter, according to the distance from such place, and for this he shall find pledges at his peril ; so that, if he appears on the day so given and produces the same dc«l under seal [the existence of] which he alleged, he shall then be admitted to plead and to take his advantages by virtue of such deed : and if he makes default on the said day, or if he fails as to that which he has all* ::< < 1 , then he shall be condemned in the amount of the said obligation, and the damages shall be taxed by the Court; saving always, that the plain till or his attorney shall be examined as to [the amount of] the debt.

Of Absconding [Debtors].

Item, if plaint of debt is made against a freeman and one resident within the City, where by law of the City he would have one summons 1>\ reason of his freedom; if the plaintiff comes to the Sheriff, and brought with him six or four freemen of the said city, men of credit, win. are willing to bear witness that the defendant is absconding, and that h. is attempting to withdraw and absent himself; then the said Sheriff, upon their testimony, may arrest the defendant by his body or by his goods, just the same as a foreign « i

.IN.

Rep

i. tin1 Slu riffs may hold before them pleas of seizure of ;/ in lieu of 7t- . and avowrymaybe made and return awarded in sueh

S the same as in the Hustings, if the cause does not bear reference to elioM. And such suit is called — '~De placito captionis <• mis

and pledges shall be found to make return of the goods or of the value thereof, just as in R< y

Item, it is the usage in such personal actions before the Sheriffs, that upon the first day, when both parties appear and the plaintiff has declared against the defendant, such defendant shall make answer upon the same day, without having any further day to ^imparl : and in the same manner, if the defendant pleads any plea or alleges any matter against the plaintiff, i plaintiff >hall make ivplieation forthwith without having any further day to imparl ; unless assent be given by the parties thereto.

customs or usages are pleaded or alleged in the Sheriffs' Courts, as to which neither the Sheriffs nor their officers arc fully informed,

: Midi eustoms and usages shall be discussed by the Mayor and AL; men, and that before judgment givm thereupon.

And be it made known, that there is no adjournment made in the Shei -ill "> Court, and no day given l»y previous notice ; but only that the parties are to keep tin ir day at th.- ne\t Court generally, unless such be not the case ome especial cause.

. aeti ..us of debt are maintainable by usage upon simple grants, and assignments, and bailment, and covenant, made simply without 4 specialty.

Of a Sealed Tally.

:i, a sealed tally of debt, by usage of the City, is as binding as an •obligat 1 in oases where plaint of debt is made, and such sealed

t 1 1 1 y is proffered in proof of < ndant shall not wage his law

it will U- Men, U hanlly * To consider and dtsctuw his future line ooirecU As to Magma, we page 160 ante, of defence. 6.

uf seizure and detention ,.f hand ami seal

bond

190 RKCTH.NI/AV I - 1 \KI \ l\\ 'II IK SHF.KIM-. [B. in.

in proof that he owes nothing, or in fact any other matter, any more than against an obligation ; still, he shall be at liberty to assert that the day of payment is other than the plaintiff has declared.

Of Recognizances to be taken by the Sheriffs.

Item, the Sheriffs of London are wont, and each of them by him- It, to take recognizances of debt in their Courts as to any sum whatc and if the day of payment is expired and the money not paid, then, at the suit of him to whom such recognizance was made, if it be within the year, all the goods and chattels of the recognizer found within the City shall be appraised and delivered to such other party, up to the amount of the debt contained in the said recognizance, without 1 extend-

Kol 191 B

ing any land of the recognizer. And if the year be expired, then * Scire facias shall be issued against the recognizer, to appear if he has aught to say why execution shall not be made of his goods, as already mentioned.

Of Custody of Prisoners condemned.

Item, the Sheriffs may, by usage, keep any prisoners condemned before them, or committed to their keeping, confined as well at their houses where they are residing, and at their Compters, as in the common gaols ; so that they be always kept in safeguard, and not going at large from out of the houses or the Compters aforesaid.

Of Pleas between Merchant and Merchant.

Item, in plaints of debt and account, and other personal contracts made between merchant and merchant, if the plaintiff declares that the de- fendant at any market-town or at any place of merchandize within the realm, bargained for or bought of the said plaintiff any merchant; or received his money for the purpose of paying him, delivering, or rendering to him an account thereof, in any place within the City of London ; in such case, the defendant, according to usage, shall be put to his answer, notwithstanding that such contract was made out of the

1 /. f. valuing his lands, for the purpose of 8 See page 164, Note 2.

*atUfyini: thn |.laintiff therefrom.

PLEAS I'-'l

td if ft are at traverse" and pi- ad for issue thereon by

TiK| .11 the Inquest 1> t' the said city,

that is to s i the said city and the

ma; -uch contract is alleged [to have been made] ; for the

reason that such merchants who are so passing may have Notice of the said conti

Of the same.

i, the Sheriffs of London have been wont for all time to hold pleas before them between any merchants whomsoever, in cases where both par- ties hants, as to all bargains and personal contracts that cone

. li/.e, made beyond sea at any market-town or at any place of mer- chandi/e. where such bargains and contracts are made by express words as to payment for or delivery of merchandize, or as to rendering account in the said City of London. And in such case, if the parties have recourse to issue by Inquisition, then shall the Inquest be taken from persons residing within the said city, that is to say, from merchants passing to and who are wont to pass beyond sea ; who may best have knowledge of bargains and contracts aforesaid. And if any stranger-merchant and alien is a party to the plea, and such Inquisition has to be taken, then the alien merchant shall have one half of the Inquest of his own tongue.

Of [a Debtor} n .g himself from the City.

Item, if a plaint of debt is made, and it is testified by the officer that the it is not residing within the City, but that he has withdrawn

himself and has removed his goods, and it is te-titied that he has :its within the said city ; then, at the suit of the plaintiff, after the fourth default, the said lands and tenements, by usage of the City, shall be 9 extended and delivered to the said plaintiff, to hold t lie same upon such extent until ho shall have levied therefrom the monies that are due to him ; he finding security that ho will duly maintain the t. nenente, and will also repay the defendant the monies received therefrom

1 The word •notice' may potnbiy mean chants on their guard.

vioos knowledge ; ' or it may mean, * /. r. valued. 'aototV f,.r th.- prapoM o! pvtkim MM M*

192 l.\ \MI\ \TION IN PERSONAL PLEAS.

in the meantime; if so be that such defendant shall come into a Court <>!' Record within a year and a day after the delivery so made, and be able to discharge himself by [shewing] that he owes nothing to the plaintiff.

Of Examination in Personal Pleas.

Item, the Sheriffs are wont to examine the parties in all personal actions that are pending before them, if either of the parties prays the same, and to proceed to judgment according to what has been found upon such examination.

Item, where any personal action is pending before either of the said

Sheriffs, and any matter is alleged by the defendant in bar of such action,

or any material thing to delay the plaintiff, and the plaintiff puts

himself upon the peremptory oath of the defendant, in proof that

FoL 192 A. i-irti

the plea or exception presented by such defendant is not true ; then the said defendant, if he is in Court, or if he is resident in the City so as conveniently to appear upon summons at the discretion of the Court, shall be put upon his oath, if he will, that his plea or exception so made is good and true. And if he appears and refuses to make such oath, then he shall be held as convicted in the cause; and upon this, the plaint i IF shall recover what is in demand, according to what shall be ascertained by examination of such plaintiff, or by Inquest of office if need be. And if [the defendant] makes the oath, the plaintiff shall be cast in his suit.

And in the same manner shall the plaintiff be cast in his suit or in his action, if he will not swear on his part that his suit, or such other matter as is alleged by him, is good and true. And if such oath is put to the plaintiff, and the plaintiff makes the oath, he shall recover by such oath, if the exception made be material. And thus are such oaths held peremptory on the one side and on the other, according to the matter contained in the exceptions made.

Of Default made after Mainprise.

Item, if a man is arrested upon plaint of debt or for other personal action, and he finds Mainprise to be ready to appear before the Sheriffs at the next Court, to make answer to the [other] party ; even if at such Court the defendant is demanded at the proper time to appear and save his main-

1 See page 177, Note 1.

B default, and siieh d«-fault still, it

hall

beadiu: iat, in such case,

waj: law, seeing that he might have had his wager of law had

appeared in due tin

N<>-' Amendment of Bill*.

• . when In the Sheriffs' Court, it is 1

plaintiff's may anie: plaints and their bills at any time

before the said parties are at issue, or have pleaded for ju .in

•i Court of Her*.'

Action of A

Item, in an action of account bet' sheriffs, the plaintiff, by usage

may not declare in any case that ndant was his bail

hat he was receiver of his monies or of his goods.

<>f account is maintainable by usage against a single under age, if they are in- or if they

; as also actions •

in I . as t<> that ,ding or th. ir n

Of i

- are pending before the Sheriffs, it lias been the usage

'i- of London, for the t .1*, may send unto the

and cause the suit and process to be brought before himself and

M, in o: and discuss such suit \> MI;

iy remand tin said suit 1»< tore the same Sheriffs. oceduro

•in wd according aa the Mayor and Aid

may command • ills to surcease the same

ih.-ii own pleasure.

l!<,ir thnt fh< l),h(or ma »i t» nrr> ^fot }><f'>r> t]<c day contained in the

'

ion a debtor is bound within the said city by an ''• n to

194

pay a certain sum on a certain day to come, the which debtor was held to be sufficient at the time when he entered into such obligation, but has since become a runaway or non-sufficient ; then, if the creditor comes before the Mayor or Sheriffs of the said city, making suggestion to such effect, and brings with him six or four trustworthy persons of the same city, who are ready lawfully to testify that the debtor wishes to withdraw himself and to remove his goods from the City, or that he is not of ability to make payment ; then, the Mayor or one of the Sheriffs, before whom such suggestion is made, is wont to arrest the debtor, even though the day named in the obligation have not arrived, and to detain the said debtor in prison, until such day of payment has arrived, or otherwise until he has found pledges that he will await such day ; as also, to arrest for house-hire before the day [on which it is due], if the tenant be likely to abscond.

Arrest of a man without a Serjeant.

Item, if a freeman of the City finds his debtor suddenly within the same city, which debtor has before withdrawn himself or is about to abscond, and such debtor attempts to escape before the creditor can find an officer to make the arrest ; it is the usage in such case that the freeman himself, by aid of his neighbours, without any officer, may arrest his said debtor and bring him to the office of one of the Sheriffs, and there make his suit as the law demands.

Of Amercements.

Item, touching the amercements to be taken upon plaints made in the Sheriffs' Courts, it is the usage, if the demands are for forty shillings or less, to take four pence for the amercement; and if they exceed fbn\ shillings, it is the usage to take twelve pence for the amercement.

Of Landlords.

Item, if a renter within the City be absconding or have withdrawn himself, for which his goods within his house an- arrested or ajiprai-rd at the suit of other parties, on plaint ; still, the lessor, called the ' land lor

Pt.l.)

11 be before all others for rent of his house in arronr for ars ;

i up to such amount shall the goods within the said house be s< in such house on behalf of the said landhrde. And even though siu-h a -\ithin the said city count . oniteii,; liich his

goods and chattels are liable to arrest or f<>, *sor, by

ure of til* hall be awarded his rent in arrear for two years, as

aforesaid, from the goods found within such house.

Th< \ 'into th< it- Landlords.

tenants within the City bold at will, and wish to quit and

give up possession of their bouses, they shall give notice unto the lessor

bci \ i re ; that is to say, as to houses tbat are rented for

v shillings and under, notice shall be given one quarter before. And

it' the ivnt of the house exceeds forty shillings, the notice shall be «ri\« n

half a year before tbe departure, at peril of the t« -nant. And in the same

shall notice be given unto the tenant, if tbe lessor wishes to be rid

of such t« -Iialit.

,,*ril of the Plaintiff.

\\ man is condemned at the suit of a party, in debt or in damages, before rills, the p.i: has so recovered may e'

cither to )ia\. the body of him who is condemned committed to prison until he shall ha\e made satisfaction, or to bavc execution of his goods, at his own peril.

Of receiving Mainpernor* l forney*.

reties, and mainpernors, and att<

•s of the process there dul\ m held

of Record as much as in the Courts holden at the Guildhall.

Of Attorney* entered npon ike Records by ike Aldermen.

.Vldennan of London may by usage enter attorneys upon Uecordrt in pleas pending in the Sheriffs' Courts and elsewhere, in the

- and in the Chamber |nf the ( uiildliall].

196 .TI i'

Of da i/.- fbf Inqu,

Item, when Inquest is joined between parties and sworn before the Sheriffs in personal pleas, if the parties will assent thereto, the Court by usage may give a day unto the men of the Inquest, for them to advise upon their verdict until such future day, in such manner as the parties may agree upon ; and this, at peril of the plaintiff, if any juror should change his mind or other matter arise in the meantime.

Amercement of Jurors.

Item, jurors who are summoned upon Inquisition are not amerced, even though they make default, in more than three pence ; but if they tarry a long time and are not willing to appear, the Sheriffs, according to usage, may close their doors to constrain them to appear.

Foi. 103 A. Inquests of office not traversabk.

Item, Inquests of office that are taken by the Sheriffs, for enquiry into affrays and batteries committed against the peace, are by usage not tra- versable by new Inquests ; but at the suit of a party, each party shall have his answer, such Inquest of office notwithstanding.

And be it known, that there are many other points and usages touching the Sheriffs' Courts ; wherefore no man can have a remembrance of them all.

Of Scavage.

^ere is set forth of what merchandize coming into London2 Scavage ought to be taken on behalf of his lordship the King ; and how much ought to be taken for each kind. Of which custom one half belongs unto the Sheriffs, and the other half to the hosts in whose houses the merchants are harboured, who bring the merchandize from which such Scavage arises ; provided always that such hosts be of the freedom of the City. And be it known, that Scavage is so called as meaning a ' shewing ; ' because it behoves the merchants that they shew unto the Sheriffs the merchandize for

1 These enactments are probably of the officials. nj«.n tli. • -In -\\ in- ' <•) • ••],, 'iiin- • reign of Edward L import

A t»ll paid for th- oversight by certain

Enw I.]

iGE.

which the custom is to be taken, before that any of it be sold. And be it known, ih :it as to all wares, for which custom shall be taken by the *kark, ! i kark ought to weigh four hundredweight ; grain excepted, the kark of which shall weigh three hundredweight; and pepper, the kark of which shall weigh three hundredweight and a half.

A kark of grain, of three hundredweight, is the only one that shall pay half a mark ; a kark of alum, weighing four hundredweight, shall pay sixteen pence. —

A kark of pepper ....

MI -Mr ,

A kark of sulphur ....

„ cummin .... almonds ....

-'l,n/il . . .

„ cinnamon . . „. incense .... 6pyoine

qu ; ginger 8cetewule ....

Makr

dates

i chcsnute .... orpimcnt .... olive oil .... gingerbread..

tun cotton

whalebone . .

I

sljlllu.l.- ....

Ml.

Of fine goods. A n. I alao as to fine goods, if they come by the kark or half kark, or by

1 A term (corrupted probably from the wrvjO «KI, .upro-

Ubly of tixM cubical tlimeiuionm l-,t

,, , :.- I, • ,- . • .

ler thi* Djune a red dyeing-wood may poanbly be meant, or clap the oak kermen, much used for rimilar purpoaw before the

v a preparation of valerian. or

« .••.: :.,>::..•,•..:• :. .

perhaps other parpoeee.

4 ThU not improbably mean* a preparation of aeeda of the JMDMO, or peony, which, it «« •aid, were formerly oaed aa a epioe ; it wema i n : ;,:•.. :• « v. M .- Hbq wm m ployed aa a medicine, for, though they have a pungent flavour, they are both

, .!i,u»;

10S

BCAVAGE <>N i i\i GOODS.

[B.ui.rt. i.

the hundredweight or half hundredweight, according to the amount of the weight, twelve pence shall be taken for the kark. And wherever a person has less than a kark of the other articles named, [the kark of] which ought to weigh four hundredweight, or than the kark of grain, which ought to weigh three hundredweight, or than the kark of pepper, which ought to weigh three hundredweight and a half, he shall pay a smaller sum, according to the quantity of such merchandize.

The pound of saffron shall pay one halfpenny, one half of which custom belongs unto the Sheriff, and the other half to the host where it is har- boured, he being a freeman of the City.

The load tt it

tt a tt y> tt t) tt

it

The load a » tt

Pence. > XII.

M

it

tt

wool of Spain . .

canvas

raw textures and other articles coming from 6Linoges • • • • ) squirrel-skins of

cloths and caps marten-skins . . coney-skins. . . . fur trimmings. .

linen cloth ....

7 parmentery .... shalloons and cloths of 8Reyns cloths of silk. ,

felt

XII.

Of tJie same.

And he who has less than one load, shall pay according to the- quantity of the article. A pound of silk shall pay one penny ; a Mozen of 10cord-

1 The hostelers, hosts, or keepers of lodg- ing-houses for foreign merchants, were accus- tomed also to find room for harbouring or warehousing their goods.

2 Small wares that were weighed by avoir- du-poise, and were sold by the Mercers ; in contradistinction to those weighed by the Great Beam, and sold wholesale by the OrosMriiy or Grocers.

8 A thick, coarse woollen cloth.

4 Probably a cloth ust-d by saddlers.

6 Perhaps the same cloth that was known

at an earlier ]>eriod as

6 Now * Limoges,' in France, i A kind of tailors' cloth.

8 It is uncertain whether Rheims or Jl« nn. > is meant; the former was famous f->i it- cloths, the latter for its linens. P,..th plan -s

• have been known by this same form of the name.

9 Meaning skins.

10 Leather prepared in imitation ««f that <>t

; ; which was highly v;iln«-.l. and resembled the modern -

'In/rll of }>a>il shall J>;,y ollr p«'hnV. Alld be

it is only for merchandize coining from beyond sea th;r avage ou : but t'n: Mes of i:

chandi/ ider written, nothing ought to 1 tson

tin, 8grey-work, and o-

:/e which the in. of Germany bring, j

y do not bring those abo that is to say, those which owe

\ age, as before noticed. And be it known, that Scavage ought to be >r such articles of merchandize as arc brought into the City by hants *who owe custom.

0/Pes

» Pesage it pertainetli, tliat all art ides of merchandize that are sold l»v \\* i i brought into the City by merchant-strangers, and sold in

gross by tin 1m or half hundred ought to be weighed

by the King's beam ; in which case, the buyer shall pay unto the Sheriffs, for one hundredweight weighed, one halfpenny ; and for several hundred-

th! weighed he shall pay no more, up to a thousand- weight, and t for such thousand- weight he shall pay one penny ; and for eleven hundred-

i^ht he shall pay three halfpence, and no more up to two thousand- weight ;

>r such two thousand- weight weighed he shall pay two pence,

and so on. And be it known, t : s at his own cost

cause the King's beam and weights to be brought to the house where the

lor is staying; so that the v.-ndor shall pay nothing to any one by reason thereof.

Of 'J

o Tronage pertain those articles \vhieh are weighed by the King's n, as also ma re not weighed at all > to say,

CUH* 4»m \\inr, woad, and •. .K>1,

tin. e \\ London to the parts beyond sea, by

Sheriff ought to have eleven pence

rupared cbccp-xk >.ibly, and those

8 Coa tar.

.in.! probably r.i'!

200 CUSTOMS "N \\nor.. I"-"'- I't r-

Tronage] ; and if there is more wool contain. d in Mich sack than three - and a half, or four weys, the Sheriff shall take lor the sack no more than eleven pence. And if the merchant has several sacks of the said weight going out of the City, the Sheriff shall take for the first sack eleven pence, and for each of the others ten pence. For a sack of twe iken

out of the City by merchants who are liable to custom, the Sheriff shall receive six pence. And if the merchant has several [such] sacks, then he shall take for the first sack six pence in manner aforesaid, and for each of the others five pence ; and if in a sack there are more than two weys, he shall take no more, unless it contain twelve cloves. But if it contains more than twelve cloves, then the Sheriff shall take for such sack as much as for a sack of three weys, that is to say, eleven pence. And be it known, that 1 worsted in sacks owes the Sheriff nothing, except in manner aforesaid ; that is to say, if in a sack of two weys the worsted weighs more than twelve cloves, then he shall take for the same eleven pence, in manner before stated.

Of tlie Weighing of wool.

The merchant may lawfully make his election not to weigh with the King's tron, if he pleases, and [in such case] he shall pay no more than has been stated. And if his wool has not been [so] weighed, lie shall not pay less than the custom aforesaid.

Of the Sale of wool.

For wool that is to be sold in the City, even though it be brought l.y merchants who are liable to custom, the [Sheriff] ought not to 1 Tronage ; nor yet for lead, or for lard, or for' other things that shall be weighed by tron. But at the will of the vendor and the buyer, they may be weighed by the other trons in the 2seld, and by whichever tron they may please.

For each tun of wine brought into the City by merchants who arc liable to custom, the Sheriff takes two pence.

1 This is probably the meaning of - An extensive u!.,i«

rennf : though in no other instance has the the gotnl

\\t.f(l IKMI in»-t with.

\1>.

each qu;i \voad going out of the < rill' takes one

; which article however] does not pertain unto Tronage.

Of woad.

It should also be known, that in ancient times no woad used to be har- IM.UI. (I in the ( 'ity, but all was sold in the vessel. In times that are [lately] past, the merchants harboured their woad, renting the warehouses by Sheriffs. After this, in the time when Andrew Bokerelle was Mayor, by assent of the greatest persons in the City, the merchants of 1 Amias, of Nele, and of Corby, obtained a letter sealed with the Common Seal of the City, by wMch it was granted unto them that they might at all times, and whenever they might please, harbour their woad, and for the same should pay unto the Mayor fifty marks sterling per annum; that is to say, at the Fair of 2Saint Ives 25 marks, and at the Fair of 3Wyncestre 25 marks. And at a still later period, they were to pay one halfpenny ich quarter of woad, as before stated.

Of the Custom of the Merchants of Nonnandy.

The merchants of Normandy pay a fine unto the Sheriffs for leave to huilx.ur tlu-ir woad. But n< <s, it was provided at the *time when

Thomas Fit /-Thomas and Matthew Bokerelle were Sheriffs — when they were making outrageous demands upon the merchants for such leave — that from thenceforth they should pay unto the Sheriffs seven shillings for each trail, lor leave to harbour; and at a still later period one halfpenny iistom, as before stated.

Of Vessels with ^bulwarks.

y vessel with bulwarks that anchors in the Thames the Sheriff

H two pence ; and even though she should anchor in several places, he

shall take no more, if so be that she does not anchor within the limits of

Quecn-Hythe. And in such case, [the vessel] shall pay unto the Warden

at h\ the two pence for custom.

\tnions; these places are in Picar « A.O. 1257.

whence woad was largely exported to this » The same, no doubt, as the *Aor. country, packed in large osier frails. Flanders,' mentioned in I

220 B.

\v

-n'-) EOMfl PAYABLE IN im. < 1 1 v. (B. m. i>t.r.

For the rent of the Cemetery called the ' New Cemetery/ the person who collects Scavage takes one mark per annum to the use of the Sheriff-, payable at the four terms in the year.

[Of the rent of the Cologne Merchants.']

For the rent of the Cologne merchants, that is to say, for the Hall of the Danes, forty shillings are received per annum; at Easter and at the Feast [of Saint Michael], that is to say, for holding their own Court and having their own attachments in their Court, without aid given by the

Sheriffs.

»

*Here are set forth the customs that were wont to be taken for things coming into London or going out therefrom for sale ; as by the citizens, at the command of his lordship the King, was presented unto the Barons of the Exchequer, while the City was in the King's hands, after the disturb- ances of the realm that took place in the time of Sir Symonde de Mount- forde, Earl of Leycestre.

Of Customs payable in the City. Of Scatage.

This is the Inquisition made in the City of London, by the citizens of the same city, as to the prises and customs which the King ought to take from the merchants and merchandize entering and going forth from the same city ; that is to say, from those who owe custom. —

The kark of grain that weighs three hundredweight owes for Scavage forty pence.

The kark of pepper that weighs three hundredweight and a half, six pence.

The kark of alum that weighs four hundredweight, eight pence.

The kark of sugar, cummin, almonds, brazil, quicksilver, gin^vr, cetewal, lake, liquorice, small spices, (such as cloves, mace, cul» and nutmegs,) vermilion, glass, figs, raisins, shumac, sulphur, ivory, cin- namon, gingerbread, rice, turpentine, cotton, whalebone, frankincc-i. ^yoine, anise, dates, chesnuts, orpiment, olive oil, and other kinds of 3avoir- du-poise, the kark of which ought to weigh four hundredweight, owes for

1 This list of customs closely resembles A.D. 1266, or 50 Hen ry III. that already given ; which is probably of the Bee page P. '7 "»' • . N"t« "».

time of Edward I., while this is of about 3 See page 1'.'-

< ii Y crorrai VLS. 203

\ age six pence. And it' there is less than one kark, then according to 'juantity of the arti«-li-, d>\\ u to the fourth part [of one kark] ; that is to say, for the half kark three pence, and for the fourth part one penny halfpenny. The same custom the King takes for fine wares that pertain unto sjiieery, as also for small seeds, according to the amount of the weight, and for confectures of spicery.

The charges upon tcool of Spain and haberdashery.

The fixed charge upon wool of Spain, wadmal, mercery, canvas, m;; skins, coney-skins, woolfels, linen cloth, fustian, felt, lyniere, pile, ]haber- dassherie, squirrel-skins, parmentery, shalloons, cloths of Reynes and cloths of silk, and upon other articles that pay custom at a fixed rate, is six pence ; and the half of such fixed charge is three pence ; and the fourth part of the fixed charge one penny halfpenny.

The dozen of cordwain [pays] one penny, the dozen of -godelmynges one penny, the dozen of basil one halfpenny, the pound of silk one half- • lie pound of saffron one farthing. And be it known, that this cus- tom is only taken for wares that come from beyond sea ; wax, argoil, copper, tin, [and] grey-work owe no custom, if they do not pass beyond Thames Street towards the North. And if such articles do pass, they shall pay a fixed charge of six pence, and for the half of such fixed charge three • •e, and for the fourth part of such fixed charge one penny halfpenny.

Of the Customs payable upon victuals.

The customs that pertain unto the ssmall trades in the market of London. i y load of poultry that is brought by horse, shall pay three far- t h i n ITS , 1 1 u • franchise 4excepted . Every man who brings cheese or pou 1 it the same amounts to four pence halfpenny, shall pay one halfpenny, franchise exccpted. If a man on foot brings one hundred of eggs or more, he shall give five eggs, the franchise excepted. If a man or woman brings any manner of poultry by horse, and lets it touch the ground, such person shall pay for stallage three farthings. And if a man carries it upon his

•/•f.M • in page 196 onle. from Godalming in Surrey, where it WM Henoe, DO doubt, our word 'haberdasher,' prepared, the origin of which hM given our antiquarians ». Those bearing reference to bread, poultry,

ami the like. I'robably calMcather ; so called ptrhaf* . freemen of the City cxc.

204

< u\ ( i STUMS UN \ i« 1 1 \i>. CB.

back and places it upon the ground, he shall pay one halfpenny, of whatever franchise he may be.

Every basket of bread shall pay one halfpenny per day. The basket of bread of the baker who brings it towards the West side of ^Vnlhrok, entering the market on a Sunday, shall pay three halfpence, and up.»n other days but one halfpenny. Every foreign butcher who sells flesh in the market, shall pay upon Sunday one penny for stallage.

Every cart that brings corn into the City for sale, shall pay one half- penny ; if it enters by way of 2Holburne or by the 3Flete, it shall pay one penny, the franchise excepted. Every man who brings corn by horse, whether it be a quarter or half quarter, and places it upon the ground, shall pay one farthing, of whatever franchise he may be. And if he is a freeman, and sells the same on horseback, he shall pay nothing. Every cart of 4Bremble or of 6Stevenhethe that comes into the City with bread, shall pay each day one halfpenny. A cart that brings bread into the City from another town, shall pay each day one halfpenny or a loaf, of what* franchise the owner may be. A cart that brings earthen pots shall pay one halfpenny, of whatever franchise the owner may be. A cart that brings charcoal for sale, shall pay [one farthing] where such charcoal is sold, of whatever franchise the owner may be. A cart that brings wood of alder for sale, shall pay one halfpenny. A cart that brings timber, with the bark or without the bark, squared oak timber excepted (which shall pve nothing), shall pay one halfpenny. A cart that brings boards for sale, if it brings a quarter of a hundred or more, shall give one board ; and if it brings less than a quarter of a hundred, it shall give nothing. The eait that brings planks of oak, shall give one plank ; and if it brings planks of beech, it shall give one halfpenny and one plank. The cart that brings nuts or cheese shall pay two pence ; and if it enters by the Flete or by 6Holeburn, it shall pay two pence halfpenny.

The cart that brings fish or poultry into Westchepe, shall pay two pence. The hired cart that comes into the City with wool, or hides, or other mer- chandize, shall pay two pence. And if it enters by Holburne, or by tin-

-1 Walbrook. 4 The present Bromley, near Str.it IMP), in

a Holborn. Essex

3 /. e, over Fleet Bridge, at tin . n i Fleet-street

-hall pay two p« .y. For every <!•

himYd iu London, three pence halfpenny. For ever}' cart that brings !c, one halfpenny ; and if it enters by Holburne or by the Flete, it shall

at brings leeks in Lent, shall pay one half- : iy and one 2fesselet of leeks. The cart that carries woad out of the ( if it carries four quarters or more, shall pay seven pence halfpenny ; and if less, for each quarter it shall pay one penny. The cart that brings Mel- wels, herrings, or other manner of fish, shall pay one halfpenny for siu h I f a man or woman brings bread for sale from Saint Alban's, of the value of lour peme halfpenny, such person shall pay one farthing.

The Customs of Smythfelde.

These are the customs of Smythefelde. — For every cow or ox sold that is

full grown, one penny, the franchise excepted. For every dozen of sheep,

one penny ; and if there are less, one halfpenny ; and if there is one only,

one halfpenny. If foreign dealers bring oxen, cows, sheep, or swine,

betv. Feast of Saint Martin [11 November] and Christmas, they

shall give unto the bailiff the third best beast after the first two best; or

else they must make satisfaction to the bailiff before they enter the County

lesex. And if the bailiff takes an ox or cow for *Scavage upon the

i. of the value of one mark or more, such bailiff is bound to return

the hid--. If a foreign dealer brings lean swine for sale

ll'»keday and the Feast of Saint Michael, he shall give unto the

ti the third best pig after the first two best, unless he pay a fine unto

'Bailiff of six pence or twelve pence.

The Customs of the Bridge.

These are the customs of the Bridge. — The vessel that brings melwels,

unhout any other fish, shall give two melwels, the franchise excepted.

The ve*> omes with melwels together with rays, shall give one mel-

wel and one ray, the franchise excepted. The vessel that comes with

sh or salted, shall give one hundred herrings, tin fram-hiae

pted. The vessel with bulwarks that anchors in the Thames, shall

1 Aide-rugate i» probably meant hero, and waiting.

i rs|m|s ,,].- mi- HiMIH.l •:. [B.ni. I'M.

pay two pence for strandago, the franchise cxccptecl. The reeae] that brings sea-bass, conger, [dory,] surmullet, turbot, ' shad, [or] cols, shall pay no custom, beyond two pence for the vessel, for strandage. The vessel with ^ails that anchors in the Thames shall pay one penny, the franchise excepted. The vessel that brings mackerel, shall ( six-and- twenty mackerel, the franchise excepted. The same custom the bailiff takes for the vessel that brings Tnerling or haddock. The boat that brings five panniers of whelks, shall give one pannier and one halfpenny, the franchise excepted. 3The same custom the bailiff takes for the vessel that brings merling ; and if it brings more, it shall pay no more. If a boat belonging to a foreigner brings merling, mackerel, or haddock, and the fish belongs to a freeman of the City, it shall pay no custom, except one halfpenny for the boat, for strandage. And if the fish belongs to a foreigner, the bailiff shall take six-and-twenty fish, and for the boat one halfpenny. And if one half of the fish belongs to a foreigner, he shall pay but one half of the custom.

The boat rowed with tholes that comes to 40istergate, shall pay one half- penny, the franchise excepted. The boat rowed with 5oarlocks that comes to Oistergate, shall pay one penny ; and if one half of the boat belongs t . , a freeman of the City, and the other half to a foreigner, the foreigner shall pay one half of the custom, that is to say, one halfpenny. If a strai; brings melwels into the City, and carries it out thereof for resale, he shall pay for one hundred two pence, and for half a hundred one penny, and for a quarter of a hundred one halfpenny, the franchise excepted. If a stranger buys white herrings in the City, or red herrings, he shall pay for a thousand of white herrings one halfpenny ; and for a thousand of the others, one farthing. Dealers who bring fish into the City by land on horse, shall give for each dorser one fish, and one half- penny for the horse, melwels and ray excepted. Strange dealers [who] buy fish in the City and carry it out of the City for resale, shall pay upon cadi horse-load one farthing for the horse. If a cart brings salmon belonging to a foreigner into the City, the bailiff shall take one salmon, the second

1 Hoops nailed to the sides, for supporting j.n.Kil.ly inserted by inadvert* i

a tilt or awning. 4 Situate near Fishmongers' Hall ; tin

1 Sea-ling, in contradistinction to * rock- present London Bridge occupying it

ling.' * Or rowlocks.

* From this word down to ' merling^ is

MI. IFF.

best, for custom, 1 i IIP cart. And if the salmon belongs

to a freeman of the City, tin bailiff shall take nothing for the fish, but only

pence for the cart. The cart that brings white or red herrings into the

, shall give five herrings, and two pence for the cart, the franchise

excepted. The cart that brings mackerel, shall give five mackerel, and two

pence for the cart, the franchise excepted. And after the same man

iff takes for merling that comes by cart. The cart that brings mel\v shall give one melwel, and two pence for the cart, the franchise excepted. 'Ail. i tli. Hone manner the bailiff takes for merlin*: that comes by cart. Th»- cart that brings eels, shall pay two pence, and nothing for the fish.

Where a horse brings apples or pears, or other manner of fruit, tin r. shall be paid one halfpenny for the horse. The cart that brings other manner of fruit, shall pay one halfpenny for the cart.

<>/ ///, fttriliff of the fir;

As his fee for a ^hnan, the bailiff takes nothing. For every boat that brings sprats, it' the boat is not of the franchise of London, the bailiff shall have one "tandcl of sprats, and for the boat one farthing. The vessel that brings 4dabs, shall give six-and-twenty dabs for each hundred ; and if it brings less, it shall give nothing, and if it brings more it shall give no more than K[one hundred dabs]. A porpoise owes one penny, and if it is cut up for selling by retail, the bailiff shall have the 'chawdron, and the tail, and the three fins. For the vessel that brings conger, the bailiff shall take beat, and the second best for his money, according to the price set thereon upon sale. And if the owner is of the Cinque Ports, he shall give nothing. A vessel of Scotland that brings salmon, shall give two salmon. it brings salmon and melwels, it shall give one salmon and one 1 ! \ salmon and haddock, one salmon and thirteen haddocks ; and vessel two pence. The first vessel that comes from "Gernemue

with white herrings, that owes full custom, shall give two hundred rings ; and every other vessel that shall come afterwards, shall give one hundred herrings, the franchise excepted.

1 Thin pMMge U probably inserted by mis- doet not Appear to be known,

take. See a mmilar error noticed in Note 3 in « A fiah like a plaico, but somewhat thklur.

the preceding page. • Supplied from /. •/- ,- //..«.

vrrying pnmnona. • The entraiU

» Abaaket nwMure, the amount of which Vn

- (,K nil : r, rt. i.

Th< < »

Every great vessel that grounds, shall pay two pence for strand For a small vessel with oarlocks that grounds, one penny. For a l><>:it that grounds, one halfpenny. For two quarters of corn, measured by the King's quarter, one farthing. For one coomb of corn that comes by water, one penny. For every quarter of woad going out of the City by water, one halfpenny. For two quarters of sea-coal, measured by the King's quarter, one farthing. For every tun of ale sent to the parts beyond sea by merchant-strangers, four pence. For every thousand of herrings entering and exported by strangers, one farthing, the franchise except ed. If a stranger carries melwels out of the City, he shall pay two pence upon each hundred. If a merchant-stranger exports butter, tallow, or lard, beyond sea, he shall give for the first wey three pence halfpenny , and for each other wey one halfpenny. For every wey of cheese exported by a stranger, four pence. For every last of leather exported by a stranger, twelve pence. For the !dacre of leather exported, two pence. For nonpar* il

leather exported, one halfpenny. For every 2trussel of leather

tied with cords, four pence.

For every trussel tied with cords, of whatever merchandize it may be, great or small, four pence. For every trussel of cloth exported beyond sea by a stranger, small or large, four, pence. For 3harpoys and 'i'vsshe ponde, one penny farthing. For a 5coda of sulphur, one penny farthing. For every tun of wine that owes custom, imported and exported, two pence. For every ton of honey that owes custom, twelve pence. For every [vessel] that brings nuts, four pence. For a single ship's 6store, [four pence]. For a kark of nuts, four pence. For every Ttarre of le;id exported by a stranger, four pence. For every hundredweight of iron,

i The dacre. or dicker, consisted of ten of served, was levied, not only for the carj

a commodity, as ten skins of leather. the vessel, but for every part of its fittings

3 Or package. and tackle.

3 Or *arpeys.' A mixture of pitch and * An Italian measure prol.aMy. tallow, or pitch and wax, for coating the out- ' The meaning of these words- sides of ships. To all appearance it is still soul garner en vneni^f— seems t«>l»r donl.t used for the exterior of Dutch and Flemish garner ma j m«-nn a hold t".

remit, grain.

4 ProbaMy tin- well in fishing-vessels for ^ The 'ctoim// or'tead' oi VI keeping the fish, the same as the 'fisc-wttt' jM.uiids »-ach.

«>f tin- Aiitflo -Saxons. Toll, it will IK- <•!.-

IlE*r CUSI 209

imported and exported beyond sea by a stranger, one farthing. For e\

- of onions imported l>y a stranger, one farthing. For every hundred bunches of garlic, one halfpenny. For every last of clay and ^tter's earth imported and exported by a stranger, three pence. For every last of barrelled herrings exported by a stranger, three pence. For every hundred of boards called ' weynscotte,' one halfpenny. For every hundred of boards called ' *Ryghholtt' one penny. For one ton of flax imported and exported by a stranger, four pence ; and if there is less than a ton, two pence. For flax that comes in bundles, for every dozen one penny. For every wey of feathers imported by a stranger, two pence. For horses and other beasts exported by a stranger, four pence per head. For a barrel of litmus imported by a stranger, one farthing. For one hundred stockfish imported from 3Pruz, one farthing. For pott imported, that is to say, tureens, pipkins, patens, earthen pots, and for other small articles imported or exported beyond sea, not above- written, the said bailiff shall take nothing.

Also, it is ordered that no waterman carrying persons from Billynges- gate to Gravesende, or back again to Billynggatc, shall take more than two pence for one person.

The Customs of <> 'he.

For every 4ciphe of salt (a measure, namely, containing five quar \\lii.h ^Inll 1>. -long to a stranger, as also if it shall belong to any man of the Cinque Ports, shall be paid unto the King's ferm two pence ; and •iy freeman of the City shall ..-.-. n a part of such measure, ho shall pay nothing for his share.

Also, for every vessel that is navigated with oarlocks, two penco shall be taken, unless it bo of London or of the Cinque Ports.

Alao, for every vessel that is navigated with tholes, one halfpenny shall betoken.

Also, for every *scout that is moored at tho said hythe. \\ i:li firewood or u ith corn, one penny shall bo tak

Also, for every quarter of woad belonging to a stranger that is carried away from tho said hythc, one halfpenny shall bo taken.

1 The wnnl i* ;..< erkfeotiy abbreviated. » I'nwmia. IU meaning in ilonhtfttl. « A meMore meaning perhaps A '

- * A TWM>1 fn-r i«W.

210 CUSTOMS or Qn.r.N-Tivmr. ru.in.rti.

Also, for every thousand of herrings belonging to a stranger, bought for resale and carried away from the said hythe, one halfpenny.

Also, for every hundred of salt fish belonging to a stranger, bought for resale and earned away as above, two pence shall be taken.

Also, for every cart-load of divers articles of merchandize bought for resale, and carried away as above, one penny.

Also, for every tun of wine belonging to a stranger and bought for resale, that has to be put upon a cart, and is carried away from the said hythe, two pence shall be taken for the cart, if the same is hired.

Also, for every horse-load of any merchandize on sale belonging to a stranger, entering or leaving by the said hythe, one halfpenny shall be taken, — as for one horse.

Also, for every cart-load of wool and skins entering by the said hythe, two pence halfpenny shall be taken, — as for the cart.

Also, if any foreigner, as also any man of the Cinque Ports, shall come

with salmon, in case he shall have brought one hundred or more, he shall

give two salmon unto the Queen's ferm ; and if he shall have moored in the

Queen's 2Soke, he shall give one of the very best and one of middling

quality. And if he shall have brought less than one hundred, he shall

give according to the amount of the article, down to one fourth

[of a hundred] ; and if he shall have brought less than one fourth

part of a hundred, he shall give nothing, strandage excepted.

Also, for salted melwels the like custom shall be taken.

Also, for salted mackerel, haddock, merling, and conger, and the like kind of salted fish, the same custom is to be taken in that Soke for the Queen's ferm that the Sheriffs take unto the King's use at Billyngcs- gate.

Furttor as to the Custom* of Quecn-Jft/l/ie.

Also, if a foreigner, as also any man of the Cinque Ports, shall L brought salted herrings in his vessel into the Queen's Soke, one hundred herrings shall be taken from such vessel. And if any citi/en of London shall own part thereof with him, such citizen shall pay nothing for his share.

1 PmKildy Eleanor, wife of Edward I., is 2 Libert; meant.

;s OP QUEI.N-HYIl

Also, the foreigner who sliall brin^ the first [cargo of] red herrings, not pad.- !ls, .shall give one hundred herrings ; and others who shall

mine afterwards with the same kind [of fish], whether the same be pad in frails or not, shall give nothing, beyond strandage vessel; that

is to say, for a large vessel two pence, for a small vessel one penny, and for a boat one halfpenny.

Also, if any foreigner shall bring salted salmon or melwela in a vessel, and shall then place it on board of another vessel for exportation by water, he shall pay two pence for every hundred. And if he shall buy less than one hundred, he shall pay according to the amount article bought.

Also, if any foreigner shall buy herrings in one vessel and shall place them on board of another, he shall pay one penny halfpenny for t\ thousand.

Also, for salmon and melwels bought in shops within the said Sokc, t \\ 0 pence shall be taken for every hundred.

Also, for herrings bought in shops of the same hythe, one halfpenny shall be taken for imu.-aiid, the same as from the vessel.

Also, for all kinds of fresh fish coming into the Queen's Soke, the same <>in shall be taken that is taken for the same kinds for the ferm of his lordship the King at London Bridge.

Also, corn that is brought to land between the gutter of the Guildhall of the Cologne Merchants and the Soke of the Archbishop of Canterbury. ought not, nor is wont, to be measured by any other quarter than by tin quarter of the Queen's S<

Also, it shall Ix 1 awful for the Queen's bailiff to take Scavage in the ;ichester Seld in the same mann.-r in \\hi.-h rifls of London

take Scavage for his lordship the King in London elsewhere. All the customs before- written are to be observed and holden as well at the \\ 1 of -Douegate as at Queen- 1 1 \

Also, all assizes of th< city at the Hustings provided and

amendment of the City, are to be enacted and observed in Queen's Soke.

Of the Measurement of corn and *

juNiti.'H a Ely as Russell, the then Mayor of tl.

i ' . ••

212 MEASriUMiM OF CORN AM) SALT. [P.m.Pt.i.

' London, and the Aldermen of the same city, on the Saturday next after ' the Feast of the Conception of the Blessed Mary [8 December], in tin- ' nine-and-twentieth year of the reign of King Edward, son of King ' Henry, by John de Stratford, William de Welles, Richard de Chingge- ' ford, William Poyntelle, John Page, William de Gartone, Peter de « Hungrie, William Cok, John de Parys, John Dode, John le Col: ' Adam Bras, Henry le Esporner, Adam Trygg, Vyncent de Stratforde, ' and Richard le Hareber, of Bredestrete, who, being sworn and diligently ' examined upon oath, say — that from of old it hath been enacted, and hath ' been heretofore the usage, in the City and in the suburbs of the City of ' London, for the bakers, and brewers, and others of the City, to pay for ' the measurement, carriage, and porterage of one quarter of wheat of any ' kind, bought at Queen-Hythe, and conveyed unto their houses, — that is ' to say, from that hythe through all the streets and lanes as far as West- ' chepe and as far as the church of Saint Antony, as far as 2Horsobrigg, ' and as far as Wolsiesgate in the Ropery, one halfpenny farthing. And ' from the said Queen-Hythe through all the streets and lanes beyond the ' places aforesaid, as far as Flete Bridge, and as far as Newgate, and as < far as Crepulgate, and as far as opposite to Berchenes Lane on Cornhulle, ' and as far as Estchepe, and as far as Billyngesgate, one penny. And ' from the said Queen-Hythe throughout all the streets and lanes beyond ' the places aforesaid, as far as the 3Bar of the suburbs, one penny farthing. 'They further say, upon oath, that every chief master-meter of all ' the serving people at Queen-Hythe, shall find a quarter, bushel, half ' bushel, 4strike, and one horse. And there shall be eight chief

F«'l. 197 A.

* masters there ; and each of such eight masters shall hav«« three 'associates standing there; and each of such three so standing th- n- ' shall find one horse and seven sacks, etc. And he who shall contra i ' this ordinance shall abjure his office, etc. The jurors say also, that of ' right there ought to be at Queen-Hythe eight chief measures for the ' measurement of corn ; and that each meter shall have under him 1 1

1 OrAntholin, in Budge-row. field, or in Fleet - street, or efeewher

2 Horse-shoe bridge ; over Walbrook, in the seems impossible*!*) say.

locality now known as Little St. Thomas the « Or strickle; Mitli \vhi.-h to smooth the

Apostle. The Ropery was in the parish of surface of the measure. 1 1

A llh allows the Less, in Thames-street. 'strike measure,' in t««

:; Whether this alludes t^ ,1 Bar in Smith- h«-.ipc'd iwa-

MEASUREMENT OP CORN AND SAI 213

* servants, each of such meters and their servants having one horse for the

* service of the community of the City ; it being understood, that none 4 of the said horses shall be taken by the 'Sheriffs, or by any other persons 4 in their name, from the performance of their duties. And also, that

* each servant shall have five sacks, and that each chief meter shall have

* one quarter, and a bushel, and a strike, and a corn-dish. [*And also,

* that no one of the said meters ought to mete for any stranger without

* leave of the bailiff of Queen- 1 ly the.] And also, that no one of the said 4 meters, or of their servants, shall take for the labour of measuring and 4 carrying more than according to ancient custom ought to be taken, and 4 that according to the same limits as heretofore. And also, that no meter, 4 or any servant of theirs, shall interfere between buyers and sellers ; and

* that such meters shall not go, for the purpose of meting corn, beyond 4 the Hall of the Teutonics.

* And further, they say that there ought to be four meters fur the ' measurement of salt, and that every meter shall have under him one ser- 4 vant. And that each such servant shall have eight good and sufficient ' sacks, for the service of the people. And that each of such meters shall ' have a bushel measure, and a strike, and a spud ; and that the said 4 meter ought to fill the bushel with salt at two 4 hauls, and then at the ' third haul smooth the surface of such measure. And that no one of 4 the said meters or their servants shall take beyond one farthing more 4 for measuring and carrying salt than i«r ••••ni, and that, according to the ' limits prescribed for corn. And that no one of the meters or of tlu ir

* servants shall interfere between buyers and sellers. And that there 4 shall be no other meter between London and la 6Zenlade, except only ' the said meters and the bushels of QUIH n-ll\ tin . And that the bailiff 4 of Queen-Huh , throughout the said limits, shall receive two pence for

• ry cipke of salt And that no one of the said meters shall mete at 4 between strangers. And that [the bailiff] shall take from a stranger for

1 For carriage for the general purposea of « From the vcnel probably, lying at the

wharf.

• Supplied from the copy in the Liber CW- » Y antic* Creek, uniting the Thames and ' the Mcdway ; the Eat* • : the then

3 Or German* ; i. f, the Guildhall of the civic jurisdiction on the Thames, Uanae Merchant*, in Dowgate,

214 ( \ M<i\I I ! o\ \\ [15. lll.I't.l.

' custom upon one ciphe (containing five quarters) two pence, and no more. ' And that no bailiff of Queen-Hythe shall force any merchant of the ' freedom of the City, or any stranger, to Employ him. 20ne ciphe of * salt to his own use. And that salt shall be sold no-where except upon 1 Salt- Wharf. And that the bailiff of Queen-Hythe, before meting, shall ' ascertain the fact of sale by oath of the vendor/ •

Of the Fee of the Bailiff of Qn<cn-llt/th< .

' Also, the bailiff of Queen-Hythe shall not take more than five shillings 1 of a chief meter of corn and salt, or of his servant more than two- ' shillings, as his fee. And no meter, or servant [of a meter], of corn or ' salt, shall be received to perform the duties aforesaid without the assent of ' reputable men of the said trades. And no amercement shall be taken of ' poor labourers except according to ancient custom, that is to say, two ' pence, at the least, or three pence, or four pence, at the most ; but so ' soon as they are convicted of any trespass in contravention of their oath, ' let them be removed from their office.'

Of Boats bringing oysters, w/ielks, mussels, or soles.

And that no boat that brings oysters, whelks, mussels, or soles, shall remain longer upon sale than one high tide and two ebbs. And whoso- t \ ( r shall lie a longer time — as for his oysters, whelks, or mussels, let them be forfeited.

Of Wool.

As to the custom upon sacks of wool that come by the Thames to Q Hythe. — No custom shall be taken [there] for the carts of persons of the franchise of the City. And if the bailiff of the said hythe wishes to have custom upon such carts, let him appoint one of the helpers at the place where the carts are unloaded, to take the rightful custom there. Item, whereas the bailiff of Queen-Hythe takes one 8 for custom from

1 Possibly meaning t<> l;mil ^oods at his of which is imt <_•)< ;ir. wharf. 3 The <lrnnminati«i.

- This is a mere im-m* 'random, the mc.-u.in;: k-iMy '.->' j^nny.

TROXAGE.

strangers for each quarter, before 'they go to help such strangers, we do I'll y.'u that such is an extortionate charge, seeing that the bailiff of Hil 1 yngesgate takes nothing.

Fui.197* Of Tronage.

This is the custom of Tronage. — A merchant-stranger who exports wool beyond sea, shall pay for one sack that contains two weys six pence ; and it there are several sacks of two weys, he shall pay for the first sack six pence, and for each of the others five pence. And if the merchant has several sacks that contain two weys and a half, or three weys, or four weys, he shall give for the first sack eleven pence, and for each of the others ten pence. And if a merchant exports butter, tallow, or lard, beyond sea, he shall give for the first wey of butter, tallow, or lard, one penny halfpenny ; and for each of the others one halfpenny. And for i y wey of cheese exported beyond sea, four pence. For every last of leather exported beyond sea, twelve pence. For a dacre of leather,

<-e; and of nonpareil leather, one halfpenny. For every trussel of

:u r bound with cords, four ponrr. I hundred of woolfels, four

'•e. For every trusscl bound with cords, of whatever merchandize it

may be, great or small, four pence. For *harpoys and for 8fispouude, one

penny farthing. For a coda of sulphur, at the same valuation, one penny

farthing. For every tun of ale exported beyond sea, that owes custom,

four pence.

And if the merchant pays at Billyngesgate, he is cleared throughout ; or

it' he pays unto the Warden of the tron, iicvrrthrlrss it tlu-n Inlon^s to tin-

For every tun oi \\iiu that owes custom, two pence. I ; .very

large vessel that anchors, two pence. For every quarter of woad that

owes custom * . For every small vessel that grounds, one

penny. For every small boat that anchors, one halfpenny. For every

tun that comes with honey, owing custom, twelve pence. For every vessel

that luin^s nuts, Tour pence. For a single ship's 'store, four ponce. For

y 'karrc of lead, exported beyond sea by a stranger, four pence.

1 Meaning hi* MuiUnta, probably, who « The ram is omitted. were to help at the unloading of the wool • See annular pa«age in page 206 «•/*,

- >., pftj -.I,, ..v V.. i N<lt, ,;.

i 9* pa? m<a+ v- i *B* pa* Mi - v t :

216 CUSTOM OF Gi: Win IK IN.. IB. in. rt. i.

Wolchirchaic.

This is the custom of 1Wolchirchaw. — For one pound of wool [sold] to a foreigner, one halfpenny ; and for one sack, only one halfpenny. For two woolfels and more, one halfpenny ; and for one hundred, only one halfpenny. For one pound of woollen yarn, one halfpenny ; and for one hundred, only one halfpenny. If any foreigner brings wool, woolfels, or yam, through the City for sale, to the value of ten pence and more, he shall pay as custom one farthing.

The Custom of Graschirche.

This is the custom of 2Gerchirche. — Every foreign cart that brings corn or rnalt, shall pay one halfpenny. Every cart that brings cheese, t\\o pence. Item, every cart that brings corn and cheese together, if the cheese is worth more than the corn, shall pay two pence ; but if the corn is worth the most, it shall pay only one halfpenny. Every cart that brings nuts and corn together, if the nuts are worth more than the corn, shall pay two pence ; and if the corn is worth the most, it shall pay only one halfpenny. Upon two horses that bring corn or malt to Graschirche, the bailiff takes one farthing. A cart that belongs to the franchise of the Temple and of Saint Martin le Grand, one farthing. A cart that belongs to the Hospital of Saint John, with their own corn, shall pay nothing ; and if such corn is bought for resale, it shall pay one halfpenny.

Pesage.

The custom of Pesage. — Merchandize that is weighed by beam of one hundred pounds, shall pay one halfpenny, and up to one thousand no m and beyond that, it shall pay one penny. And for eleven hundred cm penny halfpenny, and up to two thousand no more ; and then the Warden of the beam shall take two pence, and so on.

1 Woolchiurch Haw. A wool-market was waa held there.

held there ; in the vicinity of the Poultry. 3 The exemption t nj<>y«l \<\ tin- inmates of

2 Or 'Graschirche/ the modern 'Grace- the Tcmj-h . M'B le Grand, and St church.' A corn and vegetable (gccrs) market John's, ClerkcuwelL

1'RJ

Of Win*.

The King's Prisage upon wines. — If nine tuns of wine, or less than nine, come in a ship or in a boat, the King's Chamberlain ought to take nothing, as of right, for the King's Prisage. And if ten tuns come, he shall take one tun ; and if there are nineteen tuns, he ought to take nothing upon account of Prisage beyond one tun ; and upon twenty tuns he shall take two. And if one hundred or two hundred tuns come together in one ship, the Chamberlain shall take for the King's Prisage only two tuns. And if a great ship that comes with wines has to unload into boats before it arrives fat the wharf], and then follows the boats, with the

FoL 198 A.

remaining wines, unto the wharf, the Chamberlain ought to take for ship and boats only a single Prisage. And if the mariners of the ship or of the boat can shew that the Bang's Prisage has been or in any other sea-port, by the Chamberlain or by any other bailiff acting on behalf of the King, the Chamberlain ought to take nothing at London ; but throughout all dominions of the King the merchants to whom such wines belong, ought to go quit by reason of the first Prisage.

WLi'ii nine-teen or nine tuns come to London by boat, it is fully lawful

:he Chamberlain to take the assurance or the oath of the merchants to

whom such wines belong, that they do not cause the wine to arrive in

i manner, by small quantities, im- the purpose of avoiding or of with-

holding the King's Prisage.

1 Sandwich, in Kent

BOOK III.

i "i i '3 A. PART THE SECOND.

Of the Peace, Custody, and Cleansing of the City; of Victuallers and Forcstallcrs, Regrators, Apprentices, and Lepers, and other of usage from of old; and of the Assize of Bread, Ale, and Victuals.

'!N the first place, of keeping the peace and of keeping clean the stnvts and lanes ; and that those who sell bread, cheese, poultry, hides, skins, and other small victuals, shall stand between the kennels in the market of Cornhulle [228].

Also, of the sale of corn ; and that vessels bringing victuals shall stand without selling in gross for one whole day .... [229],

Also, of the Statutes of Smythefeld, — that is to say, of the dealings of buyers and brokers of corn with foreigners .... [229].

Also, of butchers who buy beasts of foreigners . . . [230] .

Also, of forestallers of victuals [230].

Also, of forestallers of victuals in the Pole .... [230].

Also, that no freeman of the City shall hold partnership with a stranger [231].

Also, of those who rebel against the Serjeants and officers of the City [231].

Also, of bakers ... [^31].

Also, that the Sheriffs shall take no fines of bakers; and of tin- hurdle for bakers [232].

1 These Heads of Chapters are removed own particular j i Book,

from the place which they occupy in the In the original, they are all place<l il, and are inserted, each set, before it* commence

U. ill. 1" x|>.

Also, of foreign bakers . . . . . .

Also, of the measures of brewers and tu\vnn -rs, und of the fees of the Aldermen lor sealing such measures ..... [233].

A l.so, of hostelers ........ [-34].

Also, that no foreigner shall sell by retail ; and that no foreigner shall be a hosteler within the City [*J34].

Also, uf tl Ity inflieted upon hostelers who are not free [of the

. . . . [234].

A Iso, of the punishment of a broker convicted of forestalling 15].

Also, that the eitizens of London shall be resident and dwelling in the City of London, and be in Lot and Scot, under pain of losing the freedom of the City [235].

Also, that swine shall not wander about within the City . [235].

Also, that barbers shall not place blood in their windows . [236].

Also, that no regrator shall sell poultry or other vietuals before the hour ofpr: [236].

Also, that no cor or regrator of otln-r victuals shall go out of the

ial> tlui '.\\<r brought towards such city. And

that it' they shall wish to huy any virtual-. -hall buy the same

• hours of tierce and noon, und rtain penalty in

. ule thereon contained ...... [236].

Also, as to raising penthouses and jettees,— of what height they shall . ... 57].

Also, of the \V n ol Walbrook, and of the King's highway there . . [237].

Also, of taking apprentices ....... [237].

Alsu. that : -ot'the< d he victuallers . . [237].

Also .and of carts . . . [238].

Also, that no cloth shall he \vo\eii without the City lor sale [• 1 also as to Suthu it no one [shall go to make market

th- -:J8].

Also, t: Kill be going about in the City, or making sojourn

th- itfht or 1- is also, that fishmongers shall not throw v

cts . [238],

>, of measures and balances ; I u in^r nr play [238].

220 TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Also, of keeping clean the streets and lanes between the Tower and Castle Baynard ; as also, that no courtesans shall dwell within the walls of the City [239].

Also, that no person shall enter [a vessel] or boat coming with victuals, that so the same may not be for the general advantage of the com- munity [230].

Also, that no one shall wander through the streets of the City at night,

after curfew rung at Saint Martin's and Saint Laurence, or at

Berkyngechirche ; and of the penalty to be inflicted upon

night-walkers [240].

Also, that no taveruer or brewer shall keep his tavern open after the hour of curfew ; and as to the punishment of such misdoers ; also, of holding the "VVardmotes each quarter ..... [240].

Also, that persons arrested for some grievous cause shall not be re- leased without assent of the Mayor and Aldermen . . . [-•!!]•

Also, of boatmen [242].

Also, that no person within the City, or in the suburbs thereof, shall carry a bow for stones, that is to say, a stonebowe, under a certain penalty [242],

Also, of lime, — that the same shall be well measured, and well, com- petently, and reasonably made, as it has been from of old; and that tiles shall be of the ancient dimensions ...... [242].

Also, of weights and measures [242].

Also, of paviours, — how much they shall receive .

Also, of butchers, — that no one shall sell woolfels in liis own house or in a secret place [-43].

Also, of pelterers [243].

Ordinances as to keeping the Peace, and as to Weights, Merchants, the Weaving of Cloth, Labourers, and divers other matters which King Edu-nnl enacted, when he took into his hand the Liberties of the City of London ; and of the Oaths of the [City] Officers.

In the first place, of keeping the peace; and of those who fly unto

the Church _>I4].

Also, of offenders against the Ordinances a tun

It-"-] Tvj ;

Also, of : I lying concealed within the lilu : ity : and

of foreign hostelers ........ [245].

MO courtesan shall dwell within the walls of the City of !tv . . . . . . [246].

Also, that good watch and ward shall be kept throughout the Wards

( ity at night [247].

Also, of weights, — that the Kini: .shall have his beams in one certain

place or two, etc [248],

Also, that the master of any servant or apprentice, buying the goods or

• •handi/eof any merchant, whether a foreigner or inhabitant of the C shall be answerable for the goods and merchandize aforesaid . [249]. Also, that feoffees who do not trade shall pay tallage, just as those who

dn trade [249].

Also, that men-hants bringing goods and merchandize unto the City, shall not bo mnl< >t«l or imped. < I in harbouring the said goods ,

.'li/e . . . • . [249].

Also, that foreign merchants of good repute may enjoy the freedom of

. [260].

Also, o: houses, gutters, jet tees, and carte . [250].

Also, of the Veaving of woollen cloth ; and of the sellers of fish and

fh-h [260].

Also, of masons, carp^nt. -r<, plasterers, daubers, and tilers . [251].

Also, that no fishmonger, poulterer, or regrator. .shall buy any \ietuals

resale before prime run- at St. Paul's; buyers for the King and other

great m< n cxcepted ........ [251].

Also, that no person shall receive the tenant of another as his own i. u nli--- shall be able reasonably to shew that

h«- lias lawfully lit tin- t.-in-m.-nt in which he previously resided, and • he has \ > the n\\ ..... ">!].

Also, that all persons shall bo obedient unto the officers of the

p:.

Also, that the A i shall not b. ;pt»ii Inquests . [2-~<

Al-o. ..t 'th. -Ordinance for ]>! . . [252]. Foi. 1:4 A.

Also, of com] 1 judgment <leli\ . . [25*1].

1 Tir... , -. i. . r, i: t - the pMMge, will be found to bo not the correct title of the

222 T \HI.K 01 KIN 1 i [B. in.

Also, that the "Warden shall have a roll, and the Alderman a count er-

roll, as to all pleas before them pleaded ..... ['J53J.

Also, of the vendors of lands and tenements within the liberties of the

City [254].

Also, that purchasers of lands and tenements shall not eject the tenants

within the term before granted unto them .... [255].

Also, of personal pleas ....... [255].

Also, that a person alleging a tally in a plea of debt may have proof of such tally by Law-Merchant [255].

Also, that a person waging his law shall do so with six compurgators, himself the seventh [256].

Also, that no poor man or foreigner, not having acquaintance with the law, shall be challenged for default made in not using the words that are due and usual according to the custom of the City . . . [25 Gj .

Also, that the Warden, Aldermen, or Sheriffs shall take nothing for making execution [of judgment] ...... [257].

Also, that the Sheriffs shall hold a Court daily for foreigners [257].

Also, that no person, whether freeman or foreigner, shall be am erred, except according to the extent of the offence .... [257].

Also, of Pleas of the Crown [257].

Also, of a certain "Writ to send before the Justiciare Itinerant a person imprisoned in Neugate ........ [258].

Also, of the return of the said Writ [25! »] .

Also, of the liberty of the City of London allowed before the Justi< -iars of the Bench of his lordship the King [259].

Also, of the liberty of the City of London allowed before the Seneschal and Marshal of his lordship the King . . . . . [-*>!].

Also, of the liberty of the City allowed before the Seneschal and Marshal of the household of his lordship the King .... [26:}].

Oaths of the Mayor, Aldermen, Sheriffs, Reconh-r, nml other O//i<

[of the City}.

In the first place, of the Oath of the Mayor of London . . [265].

Also, of the Oath of the Sheriffs [»

Also, of the Oath of the Aldermen .''»?].

Also, of the Oath of the Recorder . [268].

LE OF Co

... of the Oath of tin •' .... [268].

Also, of the Oath of the Common CoUntor .... [269].

Also, of the ( >ath of the Common Serjeant -at- Arms . . [269].

Also, of the Oath of the Common Clerk .... [270].

Also, of the Oath of the Serjeants of the Mayor and Chamber [271].

Also, of the Oath of the Constables [271].

Also, of the Oath «>f the Scavagers [272].

Also, of the Oath of the Bedels [272].

Also, of the Oath of those who shall be under frank-pledge . [27U].

Also, of the Oath of the Brokers [27:3].

Also, of the Oath of the Ale-conners ..... [274],

Also, of the Oath of the Under-Sherifls, and of all the Clerks of

Sheriffs [274].

Also, of the Oath of the Sheriffs' Serjeants .... [276].

Also, of the Oath of the Serjeants' Grooms .... [276].

' ' of proceeding in Assizes of Building* ///- Fwl- l74 n

bours i/ / of Lone I of Nuisance* as to Buildings.

In the first place, that contentions as to such Assizes ought to be allayed . [276].

Also, that twelve Aldermen shall be entered in full Hustings, to :r in faithfully (ariying out the Assize, [and] upon summons of the Mayor to appear .......... [277J.

Also, that he who shall wish to demand the Assize ought to demand it in lull Jin-tings; and that if the defendant shall erect any building .lui in- tin- time of such ]Htiti<»n for the said Assize, such defendant shall be immediately forbidden, at suit of the j r, to proceed any further

with such building ......... [277].

Also, that if any person shall find it necessary to demand the Assize, such Assize shall be granted unto him gratuitously at a Congregation of Mayor and Aldermen, if in the meant inn- t h. II listings be not held [278].

Also, that whni it hap{M>ns that two neighbours shall wish to build [a wall] between th< m of stone, each of them shall give a foot and a half of his own l:in«l. rtc., — in manner contained in the Chapter thereon made [278].

Also, that if any person shall wish to build [a wall] of stone, according \ jhh.mr through poverty cannot, or perchance

224 TAIU.F. 01 <• [B. m.

will not, then ought he to give unto him who shall so desire to build l>y tin- Assize, three feet of his land; and the other shall make a wall upon that land at his own cost, three feet in thickness .... [279].

Also, that this Assize shall not be granted unto any one, wherel>y any doorway, inlet or outlet, or shop, shall be narrowed or restricted, to tin* annoyance of a neighbour ....... [279].

Also, that this Assize is granted unto any one who shall demand it as to the land of his neighbour, even though such land shall have been built upon, [provided the wall so built is not] of stone . . . [279].

Also, where a person has a stone wall of his own, sixteen feet in height, his neighbour must make a gutter under the eaves of the house that is situate upon such wall, and receive in it the water falling from the said house, etc., in such manner, etc [279].

Also, that no one of those who have a common stone wall built betw» « n them, may or ought to pull down any portion of his part of such wall, with- out the assent and will of the other ..... [280] .

Also, of necessary-chambers in the houses of citizens . . [280] .

Also, that a neighbour may obstruct the view from another's windows, by building opposite to such windows ...... [280] .

Also, that no one may remove corbels placed in his neighbour's wall, without leave of his said neighbour ..... [281].

Also, that any one may impede the building of his neighbour, if being built to his own detriment, after giving the Sheriffs of the City surety and pledges that he will prosecute [281 J.

Also, that the Mayor, with the twelve men summoned thereunto, shall vi-it the tenements of the persons between whom the Assize is demanded, and upon view of the twelve men aforesaid, or the greater part of them, may settle such matter ; after hearing on the one hand the case of the com- plainant and on the other the answer of his adversary . . [281].

Also, that if the party complaining shall make default, his adversary shall depart without day, and the pledges of the complainant shall he amerced ; and if he against whom complaint is made shall make default, neverthe! the Assize shall proceed ........ [282].

Also, that when a person has corbels or joists to support ItU solar built on the summit of a neighbour's wall, — for all that he has *u<-]\ r«. !•!>••!< tl etc., he may not have or demand any right in the a f '<>»•, -said wall without the

T. \HI.K 0

consent of him to whom the wall Vlmi^ that is so built upon on summit . ....... [282],

Als<> a person owns only one part in u wall, and his

neighbour owns two parts in such wall, he who owns the one part only may build as freely upon the said wall as he who owns the [other]

Also, that the Assize of nuisance shall not proceed, unless it shall be testified that he against whom the Assize is demanded, has been sum- moned . ........ [283].

Also, that if the person demanding the Assize shall appear, and the twelve men of the Assize, or the greater part of them, together with Mayor, and summons of the defendant shall be testified by the Sheriffs, the Assize shall proceed ........ [283].

Also, that if it shall be testified by the Sheriffs that he against whom t he Assize is demanded was not in the City at the time of summons made upon him. ilie Assize shall stand over, etc., as contained, etc. . . [283].

Also, of continuing the Assize ...... [284].

Also, that houses shall not be covered with straw or stubble ; and that every one who shall have a stone wall upon his own land, sixteen feet height, shall possess the same as freely and meritoriously, — it being always • , that is to say, of such man's neighbour to receive

upon his own land the water falling from the house upon such wall so built upon his land, etc ........ [284] .

Also, of a person building the whole of a wall upon his own land, ......... [285].

Also, that when the parties appear upon the land as to which the

Assize is demanded, and one of such parties alleges the existence of a deed

from him who demands the Assize, or etc., a day shall be given unto him

ges the existence of such deed, upon that day fort nigh .pon

h day he may es>- . [285].

Also, that the neighbour person may build upon his own

land, notwithstanding the fall of wnt< i [tli. reon] from the rnidd! neighbour's house; provided that the person so building carries off the water falling from the said house without det •<> such n< igh-

[286].

Also, that although the gutter of any one shall discharge itself into the

226 I M.| ! , . YTS. [B. in.

gutter of his neighbour, such neighbour shall not stop up hU said

etc ............ [286].

Articles of the Wardmotes ami the Inquests tin <

In the first place, of keeping the peace .... [287] .

Also, that no one shall be harboured within the Ward, unless he be of good repute .......... [287].

Also, that no one shall receive a stranger in his house beyond a night and a day .......... [287].

Also, that no courtesan, bawd, or common scold shall be resident in any Ward .......... [287].

Also, of making furnaces ....... [287].

Also, that no one shall make any chimney, except of stone, tiles, or of plaster .......... [288].

Also, of those who will *not justify their deeds before the officers of the City ........... [288].

Also, that no one shall make Scotale within the City . . [288].

Also, that no one shall pay masons, carpenters, daubers, or tilers, except according to the Ordinance thereon made, under pain, etc. . [288].

Also, that all persons who dwell in great houses shall have a ladder or two, for avoiding danger by fire ...... [288].

Also, that all who occupy such houses, shall have in summer-time, and especially between the Feasts of Pentecost and Saint Bartholomew, a barrel full of water, for quenching such fire, if one should chance to happen [289] .

Also, that no house within the franchise shall be otherwise covered than with lead, tiles, or stone ....... [289].

Also, that the reputable men of the Ward, with the Alderman, shall provide a strong crook of iron, etc. . . . [289].

Also, that no one shall place dung or other filth in the streets or lanes ; but cause the same to be taken by the rakers to the places ordained [289] .

Also, that the men of every Ward shall have rakers sufficient for cleansing the Ward of divers refuse ..... [289] .

Also, that no persons shall rear swine, oxen, or cows in their houses, within the franchise, under pain, etc. ..... [289].

Also, that all persons who sell by measures shall shew the same four times

1 The word « volcntibu* ' is an error for ' nolentUnu.'

TABLE OH

in tii.- year unto the Alderman, at such place as the said Alderman shall think proper to assign them, under pain of paying two shillings, etc. [290].

Also, that no stalls shall project beyond the house to a greater bi < than two feet and a half [290].

Also, that the penthouses shall bo so high that men can easily go and ride beneath the same [290].

Tou shall present if the peace of his lordship the King has been broken, and by whom, and as to affrays and evil covin . . [290].

Also, if there is any person resident within the Ward who is not a lawful person or under frank-pledge . . . [291].

Also, if any woman of lewd life, or common scold, bawd, or common l>n>thel-keeper or courtesan, is resident, etc [291].

Also, if any oven, furnace, or reredos is defective ; and if they use other han wood or charcoal [291].

Also, if any taverner, brewster, hosteler, or chandler, sells without measures [duly] sealed, or against the assize ; or if any one receives gamesters or other riotous persons ; and if there is any outlawed person within the Ward . [291].

Also, if there is any huckster within the Ward . . . [291] .

Also, if there is any house covered with reeds or straw, and not with tiles, stone, or lead . [291].

Also, if any person places filth in the streets and lanes, and places the same before the doors of others [291].

Also swine or cows are reared within the Ward, to the annoy-

[291].

Also, if there is any leper resident within the Ward . . [291].

Also, if any bargain of usury [has been made], or usurer resides, within tl>. W.ir-1 . ... '!].

Also, if any purprestures are made in th« v,,vts and lanes, or upon the walls or fosses oi y, or upon the Thames, or <>th» r the common soil

within fh,- \Var.l . . . [291].

Also, if any baker of tourte bread bakes white broad, or the

H].

Also, if [there an*] any persons in the hnhit of wandering I bidden hours . . . . [291J.

Also, if any officer of the City has made extortion or affray within the

Q2

THE PEACE. R. iir.Pt. ii.

Ward under colour of his office, to the wrong and detriment of any IKTS..M : and what it is that has been so done, and how; or if any person is a maintainer or champertor of suits ...... [291].

Also, if any person pays, or gives as wages unto masons, carpenter-, daubers, tilers, or unto any other labourers whatsoever, more than is ordained ... [292].

Also, if the ale-stake of any taverner is longer, or extends further, than is ordained [492].

Of a certain record [enrolled] between Roger de Eure and Roger Sayer and Agnes, his wife ....... [29'^].

HERE BEGINS THE SECOND PART OF THIS BOOK, AS TO

CUSTOMS.

Of the Peace.

1 [These are the Articles, of ancient usage, as to the assize of bread, and of ale, and of other victuals, and as to various mysteries, in the City of London, that ought each year, after the Feast of Saint Michael, to be pro- claimed throughout the said City.]

In the first place, that the peace of God and the peace of our Lord the King shall be well kept and maintained among denizens and strangers ; and that the places and the lanes of the City shall be kept clear of all manner of annoyance, such as dung, rubbish, pigsties, and other annoyances, under heavy penalties. And that all manner of victuals that are sold by persons in 2Chepe, upon Cornhulle, and elsewhere in the ( such as bread, cheese, poultry, fruit, hides and skins, onions and garlic, and all other small victuals, for sale as well by denizens as by stran<j shall stand mid- way between the kennels of the streets, so as to be a nui- sance to no one, under pain of forfeiture of the article. And that no market shall be held upon Fair-days, as well for pots, pans, hutches [and] coffers, as for other utensils of iron and of brass, save only at Corn 1 mile ; and this to be mid-way between the kennels, so as not to be an annoyance to any one passing, under penalty of losing the article.

1 Supplied from the Liber Cugtumarum, foL 2 The present Cheapsicle and CornhilL 201, it being omitted in Ltfrr A

Of < />v*.

Also, as to corn-dealers who bring corn unto for sale — tl.

shall sell by show or by >ample. Pmt tin -y shall come to certain places in the City established with their carts laden, and with their horses having the loads upon them, without selling anything, and without getting rid of

thing, until [they reach] the established places; that is to say, within

Gate of Xeujj >re the Friars Minors [there, and] at Graschirche ;

and this, without putting anything into house or into hiding-pla< «-, \\-\\, • the same arrive by night or by day. And that no corn shall be sold until the hour of * Prime rung at Saint Paul's, under penalty of forfeiting

i eorn. And that all vessels, scouts, and boats, of whatever kind they may be, that bring corn to sell, as well at Billyngesgate as elsewhere on the Thames, shall remain upon common sale after they have arrived, without selling anything in gross for one whole day ; that so the common people ma\ ir sustenance what they shall need ; and this under heavy

forfeiture.

Of Die Mnic.

I whereas some buyers and brokers of corn do buy corn in the ( country folks who bring it to the City to >« 11. and give, on the bargain ug made. ny or hall'p way. of earnest; ami tell the

peasants to take the corn to their house, and that tin -re they shall re< IT pay.— And wh- there and think to have their payn.

the buyer says that his wife at his house has gone out, and has M the key of the room, so that he cannot get at his money ; that the other must go away, and come again soon and recv pay. And when he comes back a second time, then the

is not to be : ». it he is found, ho feigns something

else, by reason whereof the poor men cannot have their pay. And some* the po< re waiting tor th uses the

corn to be 'wetted ; and then, wh. n th. y come to ask i.-h

was agreed upon, [they are toldj h a day as the buyer shall

choose to name, or else to take off a part of the priee ; whieh it they will not do, (hey may take their corn and carry it away ; a thing whi.h

10 first hour in the cUy. according to * For the purpose of making malt

r.m..in»-.i! u<.«^. . r. bo 7 lii tl,. noa af

230 B8TALLX1 iu.iii.pt. u.

cannot do, because it is wetted, [and] in another stute than it was in when they sold it. And by such evil delays on part of the buyer, the poor men lose half of their pay in expenses before they are fully settled with. — It is provided, that the person towards whom such knavishncss shall be committed, shall make complaint unto the Mayor; and if he shall be ahle to make proof, and convict the buyer before the Mayor of the wrong so done to him, the buyer shall pay unto the vendor double the value, and full damages as well, in case the Mayor shall see that the value aforesaid does not suffice for the damage which he has received ; and nevertheless, let him also be heavily amerced unto the King, if he have the means. And if he have not the means of paying the penalty aforesaid, or of finding the amercenu nt, then he shall be put in the pillory, and remain there one hour in the day at least, a Serjeant of the City standing by the side of the pillory with good hue and cry as to the reason why [he is so punished] .

Of Butch, x.

And whereas some butchers do buy beasts of country folks, and as soon as they have the beasts in their houses kill them, and then at their own pleasure delay the peasants of their pay ; or else tell them that they may take their beasts. — It is provided, that the penalty which in such case is as to buyers and brokers of corn ordained, shall be incurred by such butchers as shall thereof be attainted.

Of Forestalled.

And that no dealer, denizen or stranger, whoever he may be, shall go to meet dealers coming by land or by water with their merchandize and victuals towards the City, to buy or to sell, until such time as they shall have arrived at the said city, and have put up their merchandize for sale ; under forfeiture of the article sold and pain of imprisonment, from whic-h imprisonment [the offender] shall not escape without heavy chastise- ment. And that no one shall put up his wares for sale, that owes custom, until he has paid custom thereon, under pain of losing such article.

Of 1I»

And that no merchant, di -ni/en or stranger, whoever In- may be, shall go to the ^ole or any other place in the Thames, to meet wines or other mer-

1 The Pool of the Thames ; t. «. from the Tower to Limehouae.

ehandi/e, or <M> ..ii 1 r uiher tiling, until >ueh

tim \ shall li

Of N /•«.

And that ii-. 11 of tin ( 11 hold part ner-hip with a >t range

ma. :iaiidi/e of ;, man, v,

may lose custom upoii the same; and tliis, u: reedom.

Of Rebi' wnx.

And that there be no one who shall make resistance in deed or in word unto the serjeant.s or the bailiffs of the City ; and be it ordered, that no

!l mol.-t them in makii! •• >n upon judgments, attach m>

resses, or ot her things whieli mil o sneli ha: iin to do, under pain

'uent. Hut if any one shall consider that the bailiff has done him wrong, let him make his suit thereon before his Millions, and 1 hi> no ;ore those unto \\hom it pertains to make amends.

Of I

•aves shull I*. for one penny, and four loaves for

that no [loaf] shall be baked of bran. And that no b i .1 -til 1> read before his nveii, but . »»nlyj in tin- market «»f liis lordship the Kin^. And if I md selling jn his house, he shall b. 1 in

• .rt\ shillings. And that no one shall buy sm-h brea«l. m pain .if l..-in_Mf the Inaf. And that each )>aker shall have his own seal, OS \v» 11 fur l»r«»\vn hreadasfuj white bn ad ; that ><> it may be the belt, r kn uliMxr bn ad it i>. And that each Alderman >h.dl \ i«\\ the seals of the And that n 1' white bread shall make 't.mrte

nd no on- makes t<>mte] make white bread. And that no

iurain. And that n«. ho makes t«>

bread shall ^\\ his ll-.m .$ pastry; nor in any other

• rid of sueli limn

that the bread of the bakers shall be

least, or moi l>e necessary. And that each ba

i \\ ardmote^thot so it may b<

* Fur cxjuninatiun as to weight and qn*)

<>!• IKAinil.KM LJAK [B.lii. I't. 11-

Of J/. '/x.v/r*.

Whereas some persons do say that the assize of bread and of ale is not so well kept, through the taking of fines from bakers and ^rewsters. — It is provided, that no Sheriff shall take a fine from bakers or from bn\\ - sters. And if any Sheriff shall do so, and be convicted of the same, he shall be forthwith removed from the office and another appointed in his place.

And if any default shall be found in the bread of a baker of the City, the first time, let him be drawn upon a hurdle from the Guildhall to his own house, through the great streets where there may be most people assembled, and through the great streets that are most dirty, with the faulty loaf hanging from his neck. If a second time he shall be found committing the same offence, let him be drawn from the Guildhall through the great 'street of Chepc, in manner aforesaid, to the pillory; and let him be put upon the pillory, and remain there at least one hour in the day. And the third [time that such] default shall be found, he shall be drawn, and the oven shall be pulled down, and the baker [made to] forswear the trade within the City for ever.

And that no [baker] of the town shall give unto the 8regratresses the six pence on Monday morning by way of hansel-money, or the time ]>« -IK •<• on Friday for curtesy-money ; but, after the ancient manner, [let him give] thirteen articles of bread for twelve. Nor shall any one take back the bread from the regratresses when cold, under pain of grievous amercement, whoever shall thereof be attainted ; but let him throw all such outlays into his bread, for the profit of the people.

Of Bakers.

As concerning foreign bakers who sell bread, — at all times in the City that default shall be found in their bread, all such bread shall be forfeit «•<! unto the Sheriffs of the City, to go unto their ferm, as heretofore has been done. And from henceforth, no foreign baker shall put his bread into hutches or into selds, or elsewhere in hiding-places for storing beyond a

1 Female brewers ; in whose hands the house ; the tdrcnt, or handsel-money, was

trade was almost wholly confined. l.ably a present giv.

* The plural ' nurr* ' is found from another of the week, and the curtesy at the close of it ; copy to be incorrect re being, perhaps, no bakings on Saturday

* Female retailers of bread from house t - uday.

EDW.I.J OF

I.- niirht, und< T pain ot' ' \nd those who

rts, wit IK >ut baskets, arc to refrain from

'ug unto any ivjjrratre^s before they come into Ohepe, under pain of the forfeiture aforesaid.

Of Brev >l thnr

be Ballon of wine shall be sold at thn -o pence, and not d. And that a gallon of ale shall be made for three farthings, and another gallon for one penny, and not dearer. And if any shall be found dearer, it shall be forfeited unto the use of the Sheriff.]

that no brewster or taverner shall sell from henceforth by any mea- sure but by the Ballon, pottle, and quart ; and that these shall be sealed with

<eul of the Alderman ; and that the tun of the brewster shall be of one hundred and fifty gallons, and be sealed with such seal of the Alderman. And if any one shall be found selling by measure not sealed, she shall be amerced, the first t ime, in the sum of forty pence, and the measure be burnt or broken. The second time, she shall be amereed to the amount of half a mark.

i the third time, she shall be amerced to the amount of • hillings.

i whereas it often happens, that gallons, pottles, and quarts arc partly broK that some of them, having been marked win h they were 'green,

: h. ing used for a longtime, through dryness shrink, and thereby become not so good as they ought to be, — it is provided, tlur and

A ster shall carry such gallons, pottles, and quarts unto the house of his or

A Merman four times in the year, that the same may be examined if suffi-

i in all respects; and for such labour and usage, and for the 111, when made at first, ioe shall be ^ivcn for the gallon, for the potile

nd lor the quart one halfpenny. And the same thing shall be done as gallon of tavernere ^: the bushel, and the half

1 1 [so marked] one penny shall be given, ami

half a bushel <>ne h.ilt'p- nny. And if any one shall be found, who on

inons to do this shall not come or send, or shall not do in manner

esaid, such person shall be amerced by the Alderman in the sum

IfO -hillings.

1 Omitted in Liber Athwt, but given in of turned wood ; the maker* of which were the Liber Ou**mar*m. ..,:!.. i -ti,.- I'.-tt, ,,' ,-t

* The ale meaeuree were ordinarily mad*

OF HOSTELERS AKD HERBERGEOUBS. i PVII.

Of Hosteler*.

And that no one in the City shall harbour any man beyond a day and a night, if he be not willing to produce such person to stand his trial. In case such person shall commit an offence and absent himself, the host shall make answer for him. And that no one shall be resident in the Ward of an Alderman beyond a day and a night, if he be not in * view of frank- pledge, or if his host be not willing to produce him to stand his trial

Of the tame.

.<! it is provided, under heavy penalties, that no stranger, or alien, shall enjoy the franchise of the City, or sell by retail, if he be not first admitted to the franchise, and sworn thereunto and enrolled at the Guildhall. And for being so admitted and enrolled, let him make compen- sation according as his means may admit of. And it is provided, that no native of a strange land, or other person, of whatever country he may be, shall be herbergeour or hosteler within the City, if he be not admitted a freeman of the City, [and] sanctioned by the Mayor and Aldermen as a good and lawful man. And that he shall have good testimony from the place whence he shall have come, that he has well and lawfully departed from his own country; and shall find safe and responsible pledges unto the Mavor and unto the bailiffs of the City, to be answerable unto the peace of the King, and for the keeping of the citizens of the City free from harm. And if perchance any native of a strange land, through surety that he finds, or through freedom of the City that has been granted unto him, is about to become hosteler or herbergeour in the City, then let him make provision to dwell in the heart of the City or elsewhere : but no such person shall dwell upon the waterside of the Thames, 2 either for keeping hostel or for being herbergeour there.

Of the same.

And that all those who are herbergeours or hostelers in t in

manner aforesaid, within forty days from the day that these articles shall

*»V.L] OP BBOKKBS. 235

be read, shall cease therefrom and shall withdraw themselves so as not to do so in future. And if any person shall be found oontraTening the enactment aforesaid after such forty days, he shall lose the freedom for ever ; and nevertheless, he shall be punished with imprisonment, accord- ing as the offence demands.

Of Broken.

And that no person shall be a broker within the City, except such as sHall be sworn and admitted by the Mayor and Aldermen. And if any broker shall be attainted of having gone out of the City and having made forestalment of any manner of merchandize coming towards town, he shall have forty days' imprisonment. And if a second time he shall be attainted of such offence, he shall have forty days' imprisonment, and at his de- parture from prison he shall forswear the calling within the City for i •• And that no sworn broker shall be the host of merchants who import the merchandize of which he is such broker. And that no person shall be ad- mitted as broker except upon the presentment of good folks of the same trade in which he is about to be such broker. And he shall be a broker in that trade only which he has so assigned unto him.

That the Citizen* atc# be m lLot and Scot.

And that all those who wish by the franchise of London to be protected, aball be residing and dwelling in the said city, commoners of the said city, muling contributions and aids, such as commoners of the town ought to make ; under pain of losing the franchise after forty days from proclama- tion made, of whatever condition such person shall be. And he who shall not do this, after such forty days shall be ousted from the franchise, and shall be dealt with as a foreigner for ever after.

Of S*ci»

And that no swine shall be found about the streets or about the the City, or in the suburbs, or in the fosses of the said city, from this

1 Sett • UM taymeBt of lyifcfrdi •! mod texw ; L<* Uiag the niiimt rf it iu

236 OF BARBERS, REORATORS, AND CORN-D1 Al [B.iii.rt.n.

forward. And if swine shall be found in the places aforesaid, they may l>e killed by those by whom they shall be so found ; and those who kill tln-m. shall have them freely and clearly without any challenge thereof ; or else the swine shall be bought back by him who owns it at the price of four pence. And he who shall wish to feed a pig, must feed it in his house.

Of Barbers.

And that no barbers shall be so bold or so daring, as to put blood in their windows openly or in view of folks ; but let them have it carried privily unto the Thames, under pain of paying two shillings unto the use of the Sheriffs.

Of Regrators.

And that no regrator of corn, of fish, or of poultry, shall buy provisions for resale before the hour of Prime rung at Saint Paul's ; or before Un- substantial men of the land and of the City shall have bought their provisions ; under pain of losing the article bought.

And that no market shall be held upon London Bridge, but [only] elsewhere in the City where they are established ; under pain of losing the article [sold].

Of Corn-dealers.

And it is provided, that no monger of corn, or regrator of any other victuals, shall go forth from the City to buy any manner of victuals coming towards the City. And if any such shall be found, and shall be attainted thereof, he shall be heavily amerced. And further, it is provided that no monger or regrator shall buy victuals coming into the City by land or by water, before that the good folks of the City shall have bought as much as they consider necessary for their use. And if the aforesaid mongers or regrators shall wish to buy any manner of victuals, let it be IH-IW. < n 1 Tierce and noon. And he who shall do otherwise, and shall thereof be attainted, shall be amerced in the sum of forty shillings to the use of tin- Sheriffs, the same to go unto their ferm. The same thing ia to be provided as to fishmongers, unless they have leave to buy from and after Prime ; so

t and nine in the morning.

Eow. I.]

rtheless, that if any eiti/en >hall to the boat or vessel, he shall

have therefrom for his own use as much as he shall need, fur the j.riee at \vhirh the fishmongers shall have bought it.

Of Penthouse*.

And that the penthouses and jett.es of houses shall be so high that folks on horseback may ride beneath them. And that they shall be of the height of nine feet, at the very least; and that all others shall be forth- with rearranged within forty days, under a penalty of forty shillings unto the use of the Sheriffs. And that no stall shall project out [from the house] beyond the width of two feet and a half; and the same shall be moveable and flexible, for the convenience of the neighbours.

Of the Water-course of Walbrokc.

And that the water-course of Walbvoke and the highway of his lordship th«- King shall be kept clear, that so no dung or other filth be thrown tin r 'he disturbance or annoyance of folks.

Of Apprentice* .

And that no person shall from henceforth receive an apprentice, if he be

not himself free of the City, and cause their covenant to be enrolled, of what -

i condition such apprentice may be. And that no apprentice, after his

in fully served, shall follow his trade in the City, before he shall have been sworn of the freedom, and thereupon enrolled. And that no appren- tice shall be received for a less term than seven yean, according to the ancient and established usage.

Of Victuallers.

Also, it is forbidden that the Mayor, Sheriffs, Aldermen, or their elerks, Serjeants, or bedels, shall from henceforth brew, themselves or by others, for sale, or shall keep oven or wine- tavern, or shall trade in any other thing to which a low estimate is attached. And he who shall not make oath to that effect, or who shall contravene this Ordinance, shall be ousted from

* A general nant fir tfct projection* of a

238 OF CLOTHS, COHN-I'uinr.K<, AND LBF1 [B.iii.Ft.n

his office : and also, that of no manner of victuals or other things shall thoy be regrators.

Of Corn-por

And that no corn-porter shall sell or measure corn, or shall cut or any church-yard, house, or vessel, to value [corn], or shall lay hand upon corn, until he shall be required by those who shall have bought the same. And that no cart shall from henceforth stand in the City with firewood, timber, or charcoal, before it has sold the same ; but it shall remain without tin- ^ratc, and in Smythefeld or elsewhere, where provided ; 1Cornhulle only except ed, under forfeiture of the article.

Of Cloths.

And that no one shall cause cloth to be woven for sale except in the City, or in the Portsokene, or within the franchise of the City ; and not in Suthewerk, under pain of forfeiture, and loss of such cloth. And that no long cloth shall be dyed 2black except in woad.

And that no orie of the City shall go into Suthewerk to buy corn, beasts, or other merchandize, whereby market may there be held, under pain of forfeiture of the article there bought ; timber only excepted.

And that no merchant shall bring woad, or have the same measured, except by those who are sworn thereunto and to certain quarters assigned.

Of Lepers.

And that no leper shall be going about in the City, or shall make any sojourn in the City, by night or by day, under pain of imprisonment : but such persons shall have a common 'attorney for themselves, to go each Sunday unto the parish churches, to collect alms for their sustenance.

And that no sellers of fish shall throw their water into the King's high- ways, or into the lanes, but shall cause the same to be carried unto the Thames, under a penalty of two shillings.

Fol. 201 A. Of Measures awl Jlahtnccs.

And that no person shall have a measure or balance, or other weight.

1 Cornhill ; where such cart was allowed to r.ith* r, <\;irk blue,

stand. * Or ' proctor, ' as he was sometimes called.

Enw.i.J OF HITCHKRS, A!CD '

except it be good and lawful, and that ac< orclinp: to the weight of his

ip the King.

And that no person shall keep a school for fencing or for buckler-play within the City, under pain of imprisonment.

Of Butchers.

And that all foreign butchers shall come into the City with their meat for sale, and shall bring the hides and pelts of every beast together with tin- flesh, under pain of losing the price of such hide; that is to say, for the price of an ox-hide two shillings and six pence, the price of a cow-hide two shillings, for the pelt of a woolled mutton six pence, and for the pelt of a mutton without wool one penny halfpenny. And then he shall stand to sell his meat there in pieces, both small and large, just as he shall please to cut, until ^igh noon ; so that by such time he shall have fully made his sale, without getting rid of any meat, or harbouring it either secretly or openly, or putting it in 'salt or otherwise. And if any such shall be found in town carried into the house where he is staying, after an hour that is forbidden, the same shall be forfeited unto the Sheriff.

Of cleanting the Street* and Lane*.

And that all the lanes leading towards the Thames, from the I\ ing's high- ways, from Castl id unto the Tower of London, shall b< that so persons on horseback may without hindrance ride and go unto Thames ; and if it be not so, the Sheriffs shall cause the same to be done at the cost of those who have caused the impediment; and neverthe- IMB, let those who thus impede be heavily amerced.

And that no courtesan [or] common brothel-keeper shall be residing within the walls of the City, under pain of impri>onment.

Of Regratort. is forbidden that any one shall be so daring aa to go on board

robably from one to three o'clock in the L0*r Hon and Liber Ott+mmm, m • i

itft<rM«n mdttili which, frftm a mistake on part of the

* Thin, it U apprehended, is the moaning scribe, may not improbably represent of 4*Mttrv<toaJ.' The original paaeage, M in

240 "1 UANPILRIV. HV NI'.HT. [R. in. Pt. IT.

of vessels or boats that bring Gallops, mussels, win-Iks, and rorklrs, or any other victuals, when they have arrived, for the purpose of regrating the same, under pain [of losing] the article. But the same shall stand for common sale by him who shall have brought such wares, that so the community may be served without regrators; and this under pain of losing the article. And if any such person shall be found, he shall be heavily punished.

Of Persons wandering by Night.

It is also forbidden, that any person shall be so daring as to be found going or wandering about the streets of the City after curfew rung out at Saint Martin's Le Grand and Saint Laurence, or at 2Berkyngchirche, with sword or buckler, or with other arm for doing mischief whereof evil suspi- cion may arise, or in any other manner ; unless it be some great lord or otln r substantial person of good reputation, or a 8person of their household, who from them shall have warranty, and who is going from one to another with a light to guide him. And if any one shall be found going about, contrary to the form aforesaid, if he have no occasion to come so late into the City, he shall be taken by the keepers of the peace and put into the ^un, which for such misdoers is assigned. And on the morrow, he shall be arrested and brought before the Mayor of the City and the Aldermen ; and according as they shall find that such persons have offended and are thereunto accustomed, they shall be punished.

Of shutting the doors of Taverntrs and Brewers at proper hours.

And whereas such persons going about by night do commonly have their resort and hold their common meetings in taverns more than else- where, and do there seek shelter, and lie in wait and watch their time to do ill, — it is forbidden that any person shall keep a tavern for wine or for ale open after the hour of curfew aforesaid ; but they shall 1

1 Called * tcaleaitter^ or * shell • oysters ;' 8 Judging from a similar ordinance in the

probably from the superior beauty of their Statutes qf the Realm (1810), Vol. I., page 102,

shell. * the present passage is in a defective state in

- Barking Church, now known as Allhallows the original. Barking, near the Tower. 4 For nightwalkers ; a prison on Cornhill.

low. t] OP TA VERN 1 '-' I 1

.-» closed ; h hour. Nor shall they have any persons

ing up ; nor shall any one receive persons into his house from out of a common tavern, by night or by day, ex- those for whom he shall be willing to be answerable unto the peace of the King.

And if it shall be found that any taverner does otherwise, he shall be put on his surety, the first time by the ]hanap of the tavern, or by some T good pledge therein found; and he shall be amerced in the sum of forty pence. And if a second time it shall be found that he has offended, he shall be amerced in the sum of half a mark ; and the third time, in ten shillings. The fourth time, he shall pay the whole penalty double, that is to say, twenty shillings. And the fifth time, he shall forswear such trade in tli. City for ever. And if any taverner shall receive any bad chara< knowing that he has been a transgressor, he shall have the imprisonment that is provided for all receivers of felons. And it is provided, that i y Alderman, in his "Wardmote, shall diligently enquire as to misdoers resorting to and staying in his Ward ; and if any such persons shall be found by presentment and indictment of the good folks of the Ward, they shall be forthwith bodily attached; and that by the Aldermen, if Sheriff** or their bailiffs are not present. But it they are present, they shall do the same by command of the sai<' u n ; and such persons shall

bo brought before the Mayor and Aldermen, and shall be interrogated as to that for whi< -h they are indicted, and which is so presented against them. And those who cannot clear themselves, shall be punished by imprison n or other pun at their dix-ivtion, according to that which the offence

demand-..

And every Alderman shall hold his Wardmote, in all respects as here- tofore they have d t is to say, four times in the year.

' pernQM arrcttcJ */or sonic grievon* caw thall be not released without aaenf of the Mayor.

Whereas misdoers attached for offences, such as battery, bloodshed, and ; miadeoda against the peace of his lordship the King, and upon «

•

int IK* 1 «1 rink ing ««flx often of * The word ' *UM* here in •

242 OF BOATM1..V Ml \->lKES, PAYimi>. IK. [B.in.rt.u.

suspicion taken and arrested, are often released in too li^lit a inaniu T, by reason whereof others fear the less to offend ; it is provided, that no person attached for a great offence shall be released without [assent of] the Mayor and Aldermen.

Of Boatmen.

And it is provided, that no boatman shall have his boat moored and standing over the water after sunset; but they shall have all their boats moored on this side of the water, that so thieves or other misdoers may not be carried by them, under pain of imprisonment : nor may they carry any man or woman, either denizens or strangers, unto the ^tews, except in the day-time, under pain of imprisonment.

That no person shall carry a bow called a t Stoneboirc.'

And that no person shall be so daring as to carry a bow for doing mischief, known as a ' stanboice,' within the City or in the suburbs, under pain, the first time, of [losing] such bow ; and the second time, he shall lose the bow and pay forty pence ; and the third time, he shall be imprisoned.

Of chalk called l Lyme.'

And that lime shall be well measured by quarter and by bushel of assize; and that the same shall be well burnt, according to the ancient ordinance. And that every sack shall contain one bushel of assize.

And that 2 tiles shall be of the ancient dimensions; and that they shall bo well burnt and well leaded.

Of Balances and Measures.

And that no person shall have any balance or measure found, or other weight, but such as are good and lawful ; and the same shall be according to the King's standard, under heavy penalties.

Of Paviours.

And that paviours shall receive, for making the toise of pavement, at all seasons, well and lawfully, that is to say, seven feet and a half in length,

1 Houses of ill fame in Southwark. bricks were included ; how, ami f«.r wh.it j.ur

2 Under the term 'tiful?*' both tiles and pose, they were |- rh.-ij.s, unknown.

EDIT, i.] OF KS. 243

and the foot of Saint Paul in breadth, two pence and no more ; and they shall make the same of good !as>

Of 1>

And that no butcher shall sell woolfels so long as they are on the living animals, but he shall carry the skins, together with the flesh, to market, in manner as is ordained ; and lie shall sell none of such skins and hides in his own house or elsewhere in secret ; but only in the King's market, and that after prime rung out, under pain of losing the art whether tin* same shall be found in the hand of the vendor or of the buyer. And that no butcher, or wife of a butcher, shall sell tallow or lard to a strange person for export to the parts beyond sea ; by reason of the great dearness and scarcity that has been thereof in the City of late.

Of P

And that no apeltorer, from henceforth, or worker in peltry, and no *fripperer, or nth IT person, whoev« r In- maybe, who is engaged in such trade, shall make a set of furs of less than fifty skins ; that so the same be of six 4tiers in length, and that of one manner of workmanship and not nm'ngled ; that is to say, 'grry-wnrk by purr n. \v '-|inj.li» by

itself; red 7polayne by itself; [and] 8roskyn \^\ it h ; all of squinvl->; to match : nor shall any one work new [skins] intermingled with old. And ho who shall do otherwise or shall work othmviso, and shall thereof be attainted, shall be set upon the pillory. And as to 'peltry found inter- mingled and made up of two kind-, in whose; hands soever the same shall bo for sale, it shall bo adjudged false, and judgment shall be done th.reon, as upon a false artirlr. And work intermingled of old and of new, and sets of furs found to be made up of less than forty skins and six tiers, shall be forfeited onto the use of tin- city, and the maker found guilty thereof heavily punished.

/. e. quality, aa fixed by regulation or back of the •qnirrel in winter waa thu. called.

• The hack of the •qnirrel in •fuing.

' Or akinner. ; Th- fur of the dark •c1uirrel, of Poland.

» DmW in old clothe, and furnitare. ' The fur of the squirrel w rammer.

4 A tier or 'timbre' wa« a breadth contain- • Work made of woolfela, or flovcee with

fag a certain number of akina. th p : . • According . fol 840, the

R 2

244 Ki.i riv. i m: n \< i [B.m.rt.n.

Of [keeping] the Peace, and of those who fy unto UK Church.

1 [These are the Ordinances which King Edward made, when he 2took into his hand the franchise of the City. And some of them are in use at the times when it enjoys its franchise.]

For the safe-keeping of the City it is ordained, that from henceforth, in place of the Mayor, there shall be a Warden appointed by the King, and Sheriffs and Aldermen by the Treasurer and Barons of the Exchequer ; the which shall all be obedient and sworn unto the King to keep watch and ward, and to maintain the peace in such form as they shall be charged to do : that is to say, to preserve the peace by night and by day, and to cause the watches and 3 waits to be set, according to the points that are under-written : and that the Sheriffs, Aldermen, and all the people shall be wholly obedient unto such Warden.

And the King doth will and command, to preserve the peace in his city, that if any felony shall be committed within the City or any offence against his peace, each person who shall be near when such offence or felony is committed within the City, or who shall hear, or see, or know of, any offence against his peace or any felony committed, shall arrest or attach such felons or transgressors to the utmost of his power ; and if he have not power to do the same forthwith, let him raise hue and cry against the misdoers. Upon which hue and cry, the King doth will and command that all those who shall be near and shall hear such cry, shall come upon such cry for the taking and arresting of such felons and mis- doers. And so soon as they shall be taken, let them be delivered unto the bailiffs of the King. And he who comes not on such hue and cry raised, let him be heavily amerced.

And if it so happen that any felon escapes unto a church before 1 taken, let the people of the Ward, where the church is situate unto which such felon has betaken himself, keep watch upon that felon, until such time as he shall have been made to 4quit the realm, — in case the people of

1 This portion is inserted from the Liber strels or musicians who paraded the streets

1 -J17 A. and som See Note*

8 A.D. 1285. See pp. 14, I Queries, 2nd 8. Vol. VII. ],. 480.

•Watchmen, or individuals forming the 4 By solemnly abjuring it before the j.n.],tl

watch. In some instances, they were min- authorities.

T.!.]

ito ; and it' not, rest

.hhour-; and . Ifl adjoining Q rdinir to

nrd:: -•! of tin- \V _? taken that

no person shall In- with sm-h \\ateh unreason aUy el

Of Offenders.

An ! ,<>(loth will, that all Q MO franchise or an

usage shall hold cn.od, hy reason whereof this present Ordinance may not be observed. And aa to those who shall ho omvicted of such' offences as

ry, or bloodshed, where death or hnayhfin lii-th not, lot tin ni aK<> !»,' p'.mMird. by fine ; and more especially, by impri- sonment, at the di> of those before whom such offence shall be

'•-red; to tho < nd that tin- severity <•!' such punishment may cause dread in others to offend. And always let them have regard tot it of

the offence, and to tin . which such offenders are culpable and in

it of offending or otherwise.

l«-t each person beware of raising hue and cry upon affray in the

sonable occa- the same. Ami

^le shall do so, ;ind shall thereof ho attainted, let him be punished rdinir t.. • nee.

misdoer shall escap.- tnnn a eliureli, let those who oupht to i !)<• held answerable untn tho Kin^ in the sum of one huii illiugs for such escape: and this is to be understood as to

escapes mad' nm he> in the ( 'it\ . And as to escapes from Xeu.u

the same shall be as they have been hereto 1

Of Misdoei'S ir/io

persons do resort -un1 .ises from

hers of t i do there seek si i

-<m of 1>

ind of n

some become brokers, host* 1 ^cours \\

.angers, as fr

.» limb neocwar\

OFTiiiiNi- \\!> OOWTEaAHB. [B.in.pt.11

men, and of the freedom of the City. And some of such know nothing but how to go up and down about the streets, more by nii>lit than by day, and are well attired as to clothing and array, and feed upon delicate n. and costly; and are employed upon no trade or merchandize, nor have lands or tenements by which to live, or any friends who may find them, and are continually removing from one house to another : and through such persons do arise many of the perils [that occur] in the City, and many of the evils [therein]. And some [again] are found openly offending, as by robberies and other evil deeds. — It is [therefore] provided, that no person of a foreign land, or other person, shall be a herbergeour or hosteler within the City, unless he be a freeman, within the City admitted, and confirmed by the Warden, and Mayor, and Aldermen, as a good and lawful man ; or unless he have good testimony from the place whence he shall have so come, and have rightfully come and lawfully departed therefrom, and find safe sureties amenable unto the Bailiffs of the City, to be answerable unto the King's peace and unto the citizens of the City, for keeping the same without harm.

And if perchance any person of a foreign land, by the surety that he finds, or by the freedom that has been granted unto him of the City, is about to become a hosteler or herbergeour within the City, let him make provision to reside in the heart of the City, according to the tenor aforesaid ; [and if any such persons shall be doing otherwise], within forty days next ensuing after the day on which these Articles shall be read and published in the City, let them forego the same and withdraw themselves, that they do so no longer. And if any person shall be found contravening the form aforesaid after such forty days, he shall lose the freedom for ever, and nevertheless shall be punished with imprisonment, according as the offence demands.

Of Thieves ami Courtesans.

And whereas thieves and other persons of light and bad repute are often. and more commonly, received and harboured in the houses of women of evil life within the City than elsewhere, through whom evil deeds and murders, by reason of such harbouring, do often happen, and great evils and scandals to the people of the City. — The King dnth will and command, that from henceforth no common \\<>niaii shall dwell within the walls <>!' the

xWEow.i.) \w; u \|;l> Wllll!'

City. And it any <neh shall he '»e found wit ling

dwelling, he shall l>e imprisoned forty days. And let tin- \V;n cause search to be made throughout the City in the best manner that

^hall see fit, where such women are received, and who tli are ; and then, when they shall be found, let their limits be as-Jo-ned unto them. And let no \>nr}\ P-T-MM' from Kenoe£brth wear 'minever [or -Yendal] on her dress or on her hood; and if any one shall do so, let her lose the minever and the cenclal. And as to such min« and cendal, let the same be forfeited unto the Serjeant who shall li found such woman and have taken her in such guise.

Of Watch and Ward in the City.

And our lord the King doth will, for the safe keeping and maintaining of his peace, that the *watch shall be set at night within the City in due manner, and when need shall be. That is to say, in each Ward certain persons shall be chosen, up to a certain number, according to the size of such Ward, and at times when there is great resort of people unto the (

1 such persons must be strong and with good arms well al nd,

and shall be presented by the folks of 1 u n t .. t he Alderman ; before

whom they shall make oath we 11 and lawfully to keep ward, [and], without to any one, [or] corruption through either gift or a ,> arrest

and attach those who act and go about by night, in bn he peace and

in eontravention of tin- form of the proclamation made, and lawfully to present the same bef- \\"anlen ««r Mayor; before whom, according to

their oH'enee. sueh jMTsons shall be punished. And towards the sustenance of such persons, let all MK h make contribution as are hostelers and house- Drainer 1, officers of the King exi And if any ..f those

sworn so to keep the watch shall be attainted ol i:i^ duly

or of having shewn favour unto any one who for his offence ought to have been attached and arrested, by reason of any corn; Hnity, or indul-

gence, or for any other rea-.n, let him !><• punished by imprisonment, at tin- discretion of the Warden and of the A ! . and according to the extent

1 Aooctly fur.

• A kind of thin silk. Thw pMMgo u » Or • wait1—'

248 OF THE PLACE FOR Wr.K.lIIV; WITHIN ITU! (ITT. [B.m. Pt.n

of such offence. And the arms which they shall have for keeping the watch, shall be provided and bought according to ordinance made by the Warden of the City, at the cost of the people of the "Ward-.

And the King in especial doth will, that by these enactments neither the usages nor the enactments heretofore followed in the City, in aid of keeping his peace, shall be abolished; such usages being reasonable and allowable according to law and reason, and not in contravention of these enact m- The King doth command that, for the maintaining of his peace, these Articles shall be well maintained and safely kept; or such other amend- ments as the King, at his will, shall make thereunto, according as he shall consider what is best to be done for the profit of the City, when necessity shall arise.

Of the place for Weigh ing.

Whereas merchants do feel aggrieved, by reason that the weights in the hostels and in the selds of citizen-merchants of London, by which they sell, do not agree with the weight by which they buy.— It is accorded, that the King shall have his weights in a certain place, or in two places, or in three, or four, if necessary, within the City ; and that all merchandize sold by weight that exceeds five-and-twenty pounds, shall be weighed with tin- King's weights in weighing for the custom that pertains thereunto, accord- ing as shall thereon be ordained. And unto such weights of the King as well buyers as sellers are to resort, after the form above stated.

And if any person shall be found weighing merchandize, that is w< -i ^li- able, above the weight of five-and-twenty pounds, otherwise than by tin- King's weights, and be convicted of the same, let the merchandize of such person be forfeited unto the King, in whatever hands the same shall be found ; and let the other party be heavily amerced unto the King. And let the weighers be sworn unto the King lawfully to weigh for vendor and for buyer. And if the weigher shall be attainted of havin-.: w< i^lied falsely, for gift or for promise, for the one party or the othei . him be imprisoned for a year and a day, if he cannot make iv>titution at the will of the King; nor shall he < \er unto such office t lien-after be readmitted,

xiii Euw. ij ; n .

Of Ser rants buying 3! >ods.

it' it so happen that any sen-ant or appn -nti< •»• of a man of tin l»uy goods of foreign nu T< -hants or others, and shall cany such goods untn his ma>t«-r's houses : is master shall be answerable unto the

said merchant for the value of the goods aforesaid, it' the merchant can ;«-h apprentice or servant was [living] with the said master M ho took the merchant's goods, and that the goods in his house, or elsewhere in his possession, ha :nt«» the hands of the master aforesai'l.

And this Ordinance is made, by reason that people of the City sometimes, after such manner of goods so taken by their servants, and by their appr

en in the habit of discharging their apprentices and their ser- vants and disavowing their acts, but of retaining the goods; whereby merchants have lost their goods without recov,

Feoffees not

A:;.l \\1.. ;: tallage shall be assessed upon the people of t such

tallage vlK,il be assessed, as well upon landholders enfeoffed who do not

trade, as upon dealers who trade. And always, consideration shall be had,

tlur son is assessed unto the tallage according as he is able [to pay].

in a case of tallage which falls upon landholders enfeoffed, only those

lands and rents shall ipri^.d therein which they hold within the

, and not ll 's that are without. And the tenements of

< omni U< d in such tallage because the same are devisable, and

y of a more certain nature than merchandize.

' / *//</// not be molested.

uh< tea nts have been oftentimes molested by the bailiffs of

< < mid not unload

i>"iir their goods and merdiandi/e \\liieh they had brought by Wa "i | same iu safety. — The King doth will and command, that from

hcnei l.,ith no one shall U- m..h^ted in such manner that he canno1 • 'ii lu\ ;ini\ ,d liig goods in \ and ordinary places [for

'"•in tli. HUM when h.' -lull think tit; x»\in^ al\\

250 OF MKK< IT \NT-sTH \N<-KRS, ETC. [B. in. Ft. it.

the estate of the King, as to his Prisage and as to all other things which unto him pertain.

TJiat Mwchant-strangers, sufficient tfierciinfo, may enjoy the Franchise.

And the King doth will, that if any merchant of a strange land, [a man] good and sufficient, through whom the King, his city, and his territory may be profited, shall come and wish to dwell in the City and enjoy the standing of the citizens of such city ; and shall be testified to be a lawful merchant and of good repute, and as contributing in tallage and all other customs and charges, and to have well and lawfully behaved himself in his own country, and well and lawfully to have departed therefrom; such person shall be admitted to the standing of the citizens aforesaid, unto the like franchise, in such manner as the King shall ha\v ordained for his own citizens in respect of buying and selling ; as also unto all customary franchises ; so nevertheless, that he shall be answerable with the citizens, according to his proportion, in the matter of tallages and all other things that unto the City pertain ; and he shall be in every way on an equal footing with them, as well in bearing the charges as in enjoying the franchise.

Of Penthouses, Gutter^ etc.

And the King doth will, that all usages heretofore in the City established,

for the amendment and profit of the City, as to the streets, keeping clean

the lanes without accumulation of dung and filth, and free from annoyance

by chips and stones, penthouses, gutters, jettees of houses, stands

T^ftl 004 A.

for carts shod with iron for the use of the City, corn-porters, carts with wood for sale, [shall be observed], that so no one enter the City except at the certain place thereunto assigned.

1 Of the Wearing of Woollen Cloth.

Of the weaving and dyeing of long cloth. Of markets, — that none >l»all be held except in certain and established places. Of streets and 1 leading to the Thames, — that they shall be cleansed and kept free Imm

1 This title is incorrect, as the Chapter is only an aggregate of former regulations which are still to be observed.

jdliEDW.i.] OF LABOUK1 . AND 1

tilth. <>f lime,— tliat it shall be well burnt and lawfully measured. Of jrood tiles, — [that they shall be] well burnt and well leaded, and of the old dimensions. Of woa'd, — that it shall be lawfully measured, and that by

ul per*. I into sworn, and by rightful quarter thereunto assigned.

Of lepers, — that no one shall come into or make sojourn in the City. Of

'lore of fisb and of flesh, — that they shall not throw the water in which tin v wash their fish and their flesh upon the pavement, but shall have it carried unto the Thames. Of fishmongers, — the form and manner of selling their fish. Of poulterers and of pelterers, — after the like manner. Of the assize and ordinance as to nets, great and small, for fishing in the river of Thames. Of making the pavement, and repairing the same. Of taking away and removing from the streets [all] filth and dung.

Of Labourer*.

Further, as to carpenters, masons, plasterers, Jdaubere, tilers, and their servants, — what they shall take throughout the seasons of the year together, i all the other good usages and good and reasonable customs by the Mayors and Aldermen heretofore made and ordained, for the profit and advantage of tin- < 'ity : as is before said, let the same be strictly kept and observed in all points, under the penalties thereon provided and ordained.

Of Fithtnongers and Poulterers.

And that no fishmonger, or poulterer, or regrator, shall buy victuals in manner for resale until after Prime rung out at Saint Paul's; that so the buyers for the King and for the ^K at lords of the land, and the good • of the City, may alter tin ir own good [pleasure] purchase as afore- said what for them may suffice.

That no one *hall receive the Tenant* of other*.

And that no one shall receive the tenant of another in his own tenem. nt, it he 1,, i...! lawfully *|uit <>f sU.-h tenancy and have satisfied the landlord

1 CoTcrera of the frames of DOOMS with » mixture of mod and «4raw ; still known in Norfolk a. 'daubing;' and in Dovonahire a. 'cob.'

252 OF OFFICERS OF THE CITY, AJ.DEKMl \. 1 l< [B.m. rt. n.

where ho shall have be-fore resided, and have made full satisfaction unto him for the rent.

Nor shall any freeman of the City hold partnership with, or act as broker of merchandize for, a strange person, whereby the King or his bailiffs may lose the custom due.

That all persons shall be obedient unto the Officers of the City.

And the King doth will, that all persons shall be obedient unto all his bailiffs, within Court and without, in all places ; and that no one shall be such as to do them injury, and that no one shall molest them in doing execution of judgments, attachments, and distresses, or of all such other things as unto the bailiff it pertaineth to do. And be it announced unto them by their superiors, that if any one considers that a bailiff does him wrong, against him he may have recovery thereupon before his superiors, to whom it pertaineth to cause amends to be made.

And he who shall do otherwise, and shall of such injury be convicted, in word or in deed, within Court or without, or of any hindrance done unto any one of the bailiffs or officers of the King, — let him be punished by imprisonment, or by fine, according to the offence and according as ho shall be in the habit of so doing.

That Aldermen shall be not placed upon Inquests.

And the King doth will, that the Aldermen of the City shall not be

placed upon Inquests within the City, so long as they are Aldermen and

Judges for the carrying out of judgments and other pleas which

Fol. 204 B. . i • i • />

unto them pertain, or unto their chief.

The Ordinance for Pleading :

The Ordinance as to pleading in the City shall be such. — That in pleas of land, order and process [shall be observed] in all points, and Hustings shall be holden at such times and in such manner, as has heretofore been the usage ; save only, that each person, when he shall be solemnly demanded and does not appear forthwith, shall incur the penalty of making default : and on the morning of the morrow shall receive judgment, and entry shall be made thereof. Save al-o. \\iit-ofcustomsand of service.-, the which shall

-sfiFri. Ji DOM1 \"i ID, ii' .

be pleaded and d» T. Tunned iu such form a* heretofore tl; wont to

be; but as to other judgments they shall be awarded, according to C mon La\v, l»y tl.' D and by tin- Aldermen ; devises of lands excei*

as to whieh _r doth NS ill that the usages shall be maintained. And

if judgment be matter of doul>t. l»y reason win -n -of the Judges have need • •f taking counsel — the which taking of counsel has heretofore been call- d

-such time lor taking counsel shall include the space of ' :s at most ; that so at the third Hu-tings judgment shall be pi with« .ut fun y. For of a longer time they have no need, seeing that

they always9 wlu-n their Huntings are held, and that there are Just iciars in the City whom they may consult. And the King doth especially forbid that any judgment, whatever it may be, shall by colour of such postpone- ment for taking counsel thereon be dela

Of Wru iymcnt delivered.

And if any man shall t'erl himself aggrieved by a wrongful judgment,

1 hose by whom the record is returned, forthwith cause such record to be

brought in writing unto such place, and I >* tore Mich persons, as the King

shall appoint within the City to I. ording as is the usage at

Common La

That the Warden xhall have a Roll, and the Aldermen a Counter-roll, of

t/i. Picas.

\ the King doth will, that tin- Warden shall have a Roll, and the Al<; Counter-Roll, of all manner of pleas before them pleudrd, and

of all matt, is hrl'uiv them recorded. And upon Inquests held let [the jurors] be sworn thereon, in th* same manner as is done elsewhere in the Court ot :ig. And h t this be observed as well in pleas of trespass

d.-bt as in pleas of land.

And a joint In-picst, of denizens and foreigners, shall be made of t\ persons, th< half of whom shall be denizens and the other half foreigners dwelling in town, if the matter be contract or trespass whereof

foreign merchants may have knowledge.

'potato to be ditttuMd*' that are requisite to oomI^te the MDM.

1 The wortU are omitted in the original

:- ' 1 OF VENDORS OF LANDx [Rin.lt. ir.

Of Vendors of Land*.

And whereas heretofore there was no remedy provided in the City for warranty by those who are vendors of lands, when they have wholly sold all their lands, so that nothing remains unto them ; by reason whereof the persons enfeoffed, when they 1vouch such [vendors] have no means of recovery, because such vendors have no [lands]. And yet nevertheless, such vendors do trade upon the monies received for their lands so sold, and become rich in personalty. — It is [therefore] ordained and established, that the persons enfeoffed, when they shall have need, shall 2have their voucher against those by whom they shall be enfeoffed and who are resident in the City. And if such person does not appear at the first summons, let the tenement for which he is vouchee be 8extended, at its exact value in the state in which it was, and of the goods of the vouchee let there be taken to the amount of such extent into the King's hand, in place of *C(ij>< .

And if he appears at the day given by the Cape, after his goods have been appraised, let the matter take such issue upon judgment given, and as to the goods so appraised, as it would have done in reference to land it' such vouchee had been a landholder : seeing that tenements in the City are equally as devisable as chattels. For which reason, the warranty ought in such case to fall as much upon chattels as upon tenements, seeing that the one and the other are [equally] Chattels : but so long as the vouchee shall have lands which may suffice for such warranty, this Statute shall not be held to apply to chattels; nor shall it hold good against any one except against those who shall be residing in the City, and as to goods and chattels which they shall possess within the City, of which the

Ti" 1 OA^

Warden, by virtue of his jurisdiction, shall be able to make execution. And this enactment, as concerning chattels, shall hold good only as to the person of the vendor, and not as to his heirs ; nor shall it hold good [as to them], if they have not land by descent at law.

1 Give their names as warranty for the * /. ?, valued,

title, when they themselves make sale. 4 Meaning procedure at Common Law by

-I.e. shall be able, on defect being found the ancient writ of ' >lrntiam.

in the title, to recoup themselves from the • /. «. in an equitable point of view, aa

personalty (as well as realty) of the original being equally the subject of devise or bequest vendor.

riil Et>w. I.] THAT TERMORS SUM. I. N'T i . I I>. 255

That Purchasers of Lands shall h -he Termors.

1 whereas some persons in <!<> 1« t their tenements in such city

for a term of years, and during such term do sell the same tenements to others than such termors, [to be held by them] in fee for ever; under colour of which feoffinent such feoffees do eject the termors ; for which in. nt no ivmedy has heretofore been provided. — The King doth will and command, that from henceforth such persons ejected by feoffees in manner aforesaid, upon plaint newly made unto the Warden, within forty days after ejectment so made, shall have their recovery at the Hustings, in the same manner that they have the same at the Bench by Writ of Chancery that is called tlQuarc ejccit.' The which plaint and plea are to be brought unto the Hustings in the same manner and upon the same issue that the lik«- picas are brought before the Bench by writ; seeing that the people of the City are traders, and have need of speedy remedy for grievances that are done unto them ; and the Chancery is sometimes far away from them.

And it' the person to whom such wrong shall be done shall surcease during the forty days aforesaid making plaint thereon, after such forty days in no manner shall [redress] be made without the writ aforesaid ; provided iya that such j.l.-a, made by writ and plaint, shall have the same is- I l>y tli is enactment the "Writ of covenant is not to be annulled, so as no longer to hold good in its own proper case within the City.

Of Debt and Contract.

In plea of debt and of contract, no record of a man of the City shall hold good for a person to bo charged thereon, unless it be of a matter enrolled before the Warden, Sheriffs, [or] Aldermen, at their Hustings, or in their H^ourt.

Of a Tally alleged.

And if it happen that between merchant and merchant, or citizen and citi/ni, th< re is a dispute as to a debt, and a tally is produced by one party,

1 'Why he haa made ejectment* within place. tl, t. ..... » /. ft the SheriftV Court

* A. moving with the Coort from place to

WAGER 01 l.\\v, ETC. [B. in. Pt. rr.

and such tally is disowned; then shall the party bringing such tally have his proof according to 1Law-Mercliatlt : provided tliat such proof is made by citizens and merchants, or other good and lawful men, and not by ribald persons.

Of a person waging /tin Jaw, his own hand the seventh.

In plea of contract and of debt, when the plaintiff has neither writing nor tally, the defendant may defend himself by waging his law. But in plea of trespass, as for bloodshed or for battery, the matter is determined by Inquest, unless it so be that the party plaintiff assents that the defendant shall clear himself by waging his law. And in each case the person is to wage his law with 2six compurgators, his own hand the seventh. And this order is to be observed as to all pleas that are pleaded in the City, as well with reference to denizens as to foreigners. And if it shall so happen that any one unadvisedly makes wager of law in a case where Inquest lies, 3[he is not therefore to be adjudged as undefended, but is to be put by the judge to the Inquest which so lies], without having other damage thereby. And no person is to be too lightly challenged in such manner of pleas for 'miscounting or for [error in] making defence ; provided only that he use such words as are requisite for trial to be made of the whole [matter in dispute].

That no poor man shall be challenged became lie docs not use the word* in Court due according to hue.

Nor shall any poor man or foreigner, or one ignorant of the law, be challenged for default made, in not using the words that are due and usual according to the custom of the realm, both in declaring and in making- defence; but such persons shall be fairly admitted to speak the truth \\\»>\\ the whole [matter in dispute]. Provided always, that on issue joined the matter shall receive such adjudication as is before ordained.

1 A special law, differing from the Common » Supplied from the Liber Gmfumarum. Law of England, and peculiar to merchants. « Making an err* r En

2 The Tertia Lex, or 'Third Law.' See his case. The same as

page 52 ante. viously mentioned. See page 115 ante> Note 9.

\.

And tlu> King doth strictly forhid, tliat \Vanh-n, A Merman, SL- OP an\ other officer of th«- King in the City, shall receive anything for •ig aught that unto tin -ir office pertains, or for making execution of judgment ; save only fines and an its, and such things as, according

to ancient usage, are reasonable an<l a>! ;>y law.

/ ' • • / ' fa holden daily.

th-- Kiii£ dnth will that no foreign merchant shall be by a long scries of \ , the \\\\\» doth command that the

Warden or Sheriffs shall hear daily the pl«-as of such foreigners as shall wish to make plaint, or cases in which others shall wish to make plaint against igners; and that speedy redress be given unto them. And if the Warden or Sh«-ritr upon any day shall be unable [to act], then let there be some in tin ir stead to do the same, for whom they shall be ready to ans\\ ^o the foreign merchants IKJ in no man

' one shall be amerced - ice.

And th.- Killer doth command, that no m« iijner,

11 be amerced, except according to the extent of the offence, 'saving his ing to the cognizance of the pleas that they are wont Id.

in especial he d<»th will, that of all pleas that were wont to be pleaded before the Mayor and Aldermen at tin Hustings, cognizance shall be 1 and that the Sin-rills, i: 'oupt, shall have

cognizance of all pi .-as that were wont to bo pleaded [before them] before these Ordinances. Provided always, that th.- issue of such pleas, aa w* II at t tings as in th. Sh.riliV Court, shall be such as is before

Of Pleas of im.

Pleas of the Crown, where a citizen or <>th< r man of the franchise he City of London, f»>; 1 >y the death of a man caused within su.-h

1 This paMAge *pp«*n to be i noomplete.

258 \VKIT TO HKIXC; ii' !'i;;M.\ru> BEFORE im .U^TICIVRS. [B.in.rt.n.

City, is indicted upon Inquest taken before the Coroner, and is put in prison ; and according to usage heretofore was wont to be bailed from prison by twelve reputable men, [ready] to have his body before the Justiciars Itinerant at the Tower when they should come thither, — It is provided, that from henceforth, a person so imprisoned shall be bailed by such twelve reputable men, who shall give security to have his bod} before the Justiciars Itinerant at the Tower, when they shall come thither, or before such other Justiciars as the King shall think proper to assign to hear and determine in such case.

And whereas many persons imprisoned heretofore have died before the coming of the Justiciars Itinerant at the Tower, by reason whereof felonies in such cases were not, and could not be, proved or punished.1 And when the King shall assign Justiciars so to act out of the Iter, then are such Justiciars to give notice unto the Sheriffs by their Writ to cause the persons out on bail to be warned, wheresoever they may be, and also the bailors to be warned to have the persons so bailed before them on a certain day ; which day, from the time of such warning is to embrace the space of four months. And upon the day on which the Justiciars so assigned shall come, they shall proceed with such matter in the same way and upon the same issues as was the usage before the Justiciars Itinerant at the Tower. And be it known, that this manner of law ought to be observed as against those accused of homicide, such accused being of the City and of the fnmehi-e of London. But if a foreigner, or strange man, shall be challenged with having done such thing in the City, proceedings must be taken according to Common Law.

Writ to bring up the bodies of Prisoners before the Justiciars.

( Edward, by the grace of God, King of England, Lord of Ireland

' to the Sheriffs of London, greeting. Whereas, William Miller of Lambe-

' hirst, Thomas, son of the Parker of Otteforde, and Roger de Stnk,

' son of John atte Nore, now being in our prison of Neugate and

' in your custody, as it is said, have been indicted in the County of Knit,

' before 2Hervey de Stauntone and his associates, our Justiciars Itinerant,

1 At this point there is some omission, to all * Miscalled ' Henry ' in the origi mil. appearance.

".11 J I. Ill' Nil « in Al.I.nU

r divers robh !<»nies perpetrated in

' K- nt ; an«l in their aWm-.- <>u: -named arc nnaMe duly

•i -f(l unto tinal judgment, mi tin- indietments aforesaid, so long aa

4 tin y a -We do command you, that you cause the said William,

*, and Ko^er, under safe-conduct to be taken unto Rochester : that

' so you have them there on the Monday next after the Feast of K

v tin- Apostle [30 November], t<» make answer unto us as to siudi ' matters as shall in <>ur In-half auainM them be objected. And you are to Writ. Witness, W. de Ornu-du, at Rochester, this five- ' and-t \\entieth day of ] , in the seventh year of our reign.'

/ the 11'

irn was made of the same Writ, by assent of Nicholas de Faryndone,

ugrave, Henry de Durhem, Symon Corpyone, Symon

de Parisshe, and 1I« my do Glouce>tre, Aldermen, in the following mann

— William Miller of Lambhirst was taken by the Sheriff of London on

suspicion of larceny ; whereupon, he immediately, before the Coroner of the

said city, became approver as to divers robberies and felonies in London

and the County of Middl. >ex l.y him committed; and did 2appeal thereof

mas, son of John the Parker ui < Htel'nnl, within named, John de Wyn-

tone, and John Hokeday ; who, upon the said appeal, were taken and

i nit ted unto the prison of Newgate ; there to remain until, according to

usage of the City, they shall by the .Iu>ti< iars of his lordship the King,

y assigned, be . d.

The Liberty of tl» •' London allowed before the Juttidan of ike

Bench in a Pica of Trespass.

Fleas h«.! ore his lordship the King at Westminster, in the t.-im

h year of the r.i-n .»t King [Edward], son of

I iliam de Mortono was attached to make answer unto

iMillok, on plea made, why by force and arms he broke open two

chests belonging Ixmdon, and took and carried off

goods and chattels of he value of two hundred pounds, and cert.

M month ui omitted by inadvertence. --. MOUM.

8 2

i.n.i i;i Y <M i MM (i i ^ .\i.i.n\\ [B.iii.i-t .11.

deeds and writings of quit-claim, and other writings obligator}7, in the same chests by him found, and other enormities etc., to the grievous loss etc-., and against the peace etc.

And as to which, the aforesaid ft it-hard made complaint, that the afore- said William, on the Monday next before the Feast of Saint Thomas tlu- Apostle [21 December], in the first year of the reign of the King then reigning, by force and arms broke open two chests belonging unto the said Richard, in London, to wit, near the church of Magnus in the Ward of Bridge, [and] carried off his goods and chattels, to wit, linen and woollen cloths, one hundred pounds in money, gold rings, gold buckles, spoons, silver cups, and [other] his goods and chattels, to the value of two hundred pounds, as also certain deeds ; one deed to wit, whereby Edmund de 1Ammondesham enfeoffed Alice, wife of the aforesaid Richard, of a cer- tain messuage in London; and one other deed, whereby Ino le Be\ enfeoffed the aforesaid Richard, and Alice his wife, of a certain messuage in Suthewerke ; and certain writings of quit-claim, whereby the aforesaid William de Mortone remitted and quitted claim unto the aforesaid Richard and Alice as to all right and claim that the said William de Mortone had in a certain tenement in London ; as also, one other writing of quit-claim, whereby the said William de Mortone remitted and quitted claim unto the said Richard and Alice as to all right that the said William had in five marks of yearly quit-rent arising from a tenement in Bred and

further, other writings obligatory, whereby Richard de Barkley was held

bound unto the said Richard in the sum of nine pounds sterling ;

and another writing, whereby Adam I'rynchard was held bound unto the aforesaid Richard in the sum of eight pounds sterling, in the same chests found, he took and carried away. As to the which, he said that In- had been injured and damnified to the value of five hundred pounds. And thereupon he produced 2suit, etc.

And the aforesaid William de Mortone, by Thomas de Muslee, his attor- ney, appeared and denied violence and injury, when etc. And hereupon, appeared William de Burghe, attorney of the Mayor and Commonalty of tin- City of London, and demanded the liberty therein, etc. And fora>much as

1 Amereham, in Buckinghamshire. * Right of taking cognizance of the case

2 /. e. good ami lawful men, ready to hear befon tli« n ..\vn Courts, and within tin- City, testimony in his behalf.

»MI.J 1. 1 r.:

I unto t. and in like case*;, th- Ami

1 a da\ :t the Guildhall • . t; ^

::-uin£. And it was t<>ld him, that lie mu>t luive speed otherwise the-

. IM it -ord aforesai

node Chii^.-wel! it' of London, in tin- Vi<rhih ;. wan

in>trueted hy the Maynr and . im the plea aforesaid

in.

'< of

x-ithout ft I! off <

- nf tin- Hall of hi> l..i-,Khii> tlu- Kin^r h'.ldcn at Saint Dunstan's within • .»f tin- NY\\ • at London, on th<- \\.diu-sday of

1 <>f nur L .i-d'- A

"11 nf K

opposed \\ "ill iam h IT, Armourer, of London, in a

in the :;ver£e etc., uiid the SheritF made iid \Villi ;m WM it he was attached 1»\

m well the aforesaid William as the afniv^aid Aliee n-.w appeared etc., in Court etc. And hereupon

of ihe City nf London, and said that

naid William was a IVeeman and a f.'llnw-eiti/en nf the HU and

was not bound i «-h as, by the progenitors of his lord-

L^, it Was granvd i. .aid eit :

. and l.y hi> l.-i-d-hip K -aid King,

I them .shnnld i»l«-ad withmit the \ ; and as t.» the >aine h.

• words t

!, 1>\ tho grace • bishops, Bishops,

•A.»«i II or joriadiction of the ManOuil uf the King's

' "

li'-j I.IBIKM 01' -III]. ( 1] V \I.I.O\\ !.!>. .1). nr.l't.ti.

greeting. We have inspected a Charter which his lordship Henry, of famous memory, our father, late King of England, made unto the c-iti/i-ns of London, in the following words, etc. " Henry, by the grace of God, " etc., to the Archbishops, Bishops, etc. Know ye, that we have granted " unto our citizens of London, that no one of them shall plead without the walls of the City of London in any plea except pleas pertaining

* " unto tenures holden without the City, our moneyers and officers e\- ' " cepted. We have also granted unto them acquittance of Murder within ' " the City and the Portsokne, and that no one of them shall wage battle, ' " and that, as to pleas pertaining unto the Crown, they may 2deraign

* " themselves according to the ancient usage of the City ; and that within ' " the walls of the City, or in the Portsokne, no one shall take lodging

* " by force or by livery of the Marshal, etc."

And further, they produced a Writ of the King then reigning, in which it is set forth that the King doth will that the liberty of the City shall be allowed them ; of which Writ the words are as follow : —

' Edward, etc., to the Seneschal and Marshal of his household, greeting. ' AVhereas, among other liberties unto the citizens of our City of London it

* was by Charter of our progenitors, late Kings of England, granted, that ' no one of them should plead without the walls of the City aforesaid in any ' plea except pleas pertaining unto tenures without the City, our moneyers ' and officers excepted ; and in the Great Charter of the Liberties of KUL:- ' land it is set forth, that the said city shall have all its ancient

* liberties and free customs uninjured ; and in the Ordinances by the

* prelates, earls, and nobles of our realm lately made, and by us a« < j

1 it is in like manner set forth, that the said Great Charter shall

' in all and singular its articles be observed ; as in the Charters

' and Ordinances aforesaid is more fully contained : — We, being unwilling

' that the citizens of the City aforesaid, against the tenor of the said

' Charters and Ordinances shall be in any way aggrieved, do command

* you that you do not draw any citizen of the City aforesaid in any \>l a ' without the walls of the said city, against the tenor of the Charters and ' Ordinances aforesaid. Witness myself, at Westminster, thi> ninth day of ' March, in the eighth year of our reign.'

1 /. (. the fine inflicted ii]mn tin- district 2 7. e. 'clear,' or '. within which a murder was commit

And they demand"d tliat, in 006 with -r of th-

•repaid, their lil>< : Id \> -allow, d unto th M. A :.-!, upon

in-pertionnl1 tin- Ml :,e Charter afore>,. dso of the contents of

th. ' id, it was awarded that, in virtue of the said < and

Writ, their lih. rti s should be allowed unto tin in. And [accordingly] it was allowed unto them, etc. And the aforesaid Ali.o was told, that she must the aforesaid William before the iJailitl's of the Ml .,nd

witliin the walls thereof, according to the tenor of the said Char W i -i t , i i ' 1 1 1 . re she should deem it expedient so to do. And \ was to go thence without *day.

That the Liberty of the City ought to be allowed, that so no « //// fni-ci- or by Lircry of tin- Nm^h'it.

I of the Hall of his lordship the King, holden at the Tower of London before T. le Blunt, Seneschal, and the Marshal of the household of his lord King, on the Thursday next before the IVast of Saint

Margaret [20 July], in the ninet* viith year of the reign of King Edward, son of King Edward. — J < 'uustone, one of the Sheriffs of London,

was attached to make answer unto his lordship the King for contempt within the verge etc., as Alan de Lek, serjeant-^harbourer who for him prosecuted, averred.

And as to the same, the said Alan, who prosecuted, etc., said that whereas his said lordship the Kin^, with his household, on the Monday next after Feast of the Translation of Saint Thomas the Martyr ^7 July], in the ninetet -nth year of the said King then reigning, came to the Tower of London, then- at his good pleasure to al.ide. and the said Alan, the same day and year, as in virtue <>i hi- office bound to do, did assign lodgings unto

.secretary to his said lordship the King, in the

• ot the aforesaid .John do Caustonc, ngcsgute in the

, tor tlu- i lowing of tin liv. r\ so made, did set

usual mark in chalk ovn- the doors of the house aforesaid, as the

practice is ; and did also pjace men and Serjeants with the horses and

harness of the said l;i.-hanl within the livery so made as aforesaid; — the

•re-named Sh ! year abm« -nu -nti«.n. .1. in presence of his

1 N * Or • harbinger vider of lodging*.

I RBBBT1 01 N AI i .»»\\ i D. [B.III. rt. ii.

lordship tlic Kiii£ and within the verge, etc., did not allow such livery on part of the said Alan to be made ; for that he of malice did efface- the mark aforesaid, and drive away the men and Serjeants aforesaid, in contempt of his lordship the King, and to damage of one thousand pounds ; and this in behalf of his lordship the King he was prepared to verify.

And John de Caustone appeared, and he denied violence' and injury when etc., and all contempt, etc. ; and he averred that in no way was he guilty therein, and put himself upon the country as to the same. And Alan aforesaid who prosecuted, etc., in like manner, etc. Therefore a jury was to be summoned thereon. And command was given unto the Marshal to summon to appear before the Seneschal, etc., on the Friday instant next before the Feast of Saint Margaret the Virgin [20 July], wheresoever, etc., twelve, etc., by whom, etc. For that, etc.

And hereupon, the Mayor and citizens of London appeared, and said that in the Charter of his lordship King Henry, grandsire of his lordship the then reigning King, lately made unto the citizens of London as to divers libert Lee, it is set forth that within the walls of the City, or in the Portsokne, no one shall take lodging by force or by livery of the Marshal; which Charter, and the liberties therein contained, his lordship the King then reigning, by his Charter, which they produced and which testified thereunto, did grant and confirm ; the date whereof was at York, on the eight h da y of .! une in the twelfth year of his reign. They further said, that his said lordship the King then reigning, for certain meritorious causes in the said Charter contained, wishing to show greater favour unto the said citizens, did grant unto them, for himself and his heirs, and by the same his Charter confirm, that although they or their predecessors, citizens of the City aforesaid, might by reason of some accident arising have not theretofore fully enjoyed some of the liberties, acquittances, or I'n-r customs, in the said Charters contained, nevertheless, they the- citi and their heirs and successors, citizens of the said city, should in future fully enjoy for ever, and make use of such liberties, acquittances, and free customs, and every of them, without impediment on part of t lie Kin g or his heirs, Justiciars, Escheators, Sheriffs, or other the bailiffs or officers of th. King whomsoever.

And they produced a Writ of his lordship the King directed here unto the Seneschal and Marshal, whereby his lordship the King did command them

no , Of i in- < n v \:

that thry should allow th < aforesaid to use and enjoy their libei

aforesaid, and every of them, before tin in without imp< -diincnt, according to tin trin .r of the Charter of confirmation and of the grant of the King aforesaid, not molesting them in any way or aggr hem, contrary to

thr triu.r thnvot1. An<l thry said that iii virtue of the grant aforesaid, likr liveries of lodgings, upon every arrival of his lordship the King, had been wont to be made in the City aforesaid by or, Sheriffs,

and officers of such city, in presence of the Marshal of the household aforesaid, and not by others, as from of old had been the usage, and that always, from the time of the grant of the Charter aforesaid, they had enjoyed such liberty until within one year then expired, when the said n de Lek did impede them thrr-'iu ; wherefore they demanded that their lihrrty a IMP -said might be allowed unto them, etc.

A day was given unto them for hearing judgment, on the day aforesaid, etc. And ii; thr n u-ant in n * nut, n n< e was to be held thereon with the King, etc. Upon which day, as well the aforesaid Alan who prosecuted,1 as well as John aforesaid, s[and it was found that] the said John was in no way guilty of the contempt aforesaid, as was imputed unto him. Th

it was awarded, that the aforesaid John should go th. hout

day. And forasmuch as it was testified before his lordship the King

and his Council by John do Westone, the late Marshal of the household

• -aid. that in times past it was the usage for such liverirs to be made

in thr City aforesaid by the Ma\ iffs, and officers of the said .

in presence of the Marshal of the household aforesaid. <t< , and not by

nth. is; it was awardi d. that the aforesaid Mayor and citi/.ms should in

futun « h liberty of li\n-y of lodgings within the City aforesaid, in

and thrir predecessors, citizens of the said city, had

retofore been wont to enjoy the same in that behalf, etc. Saving the

rights < ;

O.ith of the Mayor.

' You shall swear, that well and lawfully you shall serve our lord the ' King in the office of the Mayoralty in the City of London, and the same

1 Meaning that both Aland* Lek And John poaely abbreviated in the original, this i to OaMtooe dnly appeared, to make the paavage intelligible to

1 Though the technical language is pur- the non-legal reader.

266 ovills ,>r IHK MAYOU AND SHKRT1T-. [B. m. Pt. u.

'city you shall surely and safely ke«-p to the behoof of tlie Kini: of 'England, and of his heirs, Kings of England ; and the profit of the ' King you shall do in all things that unto you belong to do, and tli< rights ' of the King, in so far as unto the Crown they belong within the said city, ' you shall lawfully keep. You shall not assent unto the decrease, or ' unto the concealment of the rights or of the franchises of the King; and ' where you shall know the rights of the King or of the Crown, be it in lands, ' or in rents, or in franchises, or in suits, to be concealed or withdrawn, ' to your utmost power you shall do to repel it ; and if you cannot do it, ' you shall tell it unto the King, or unto them of his Council, of whom you ' shall be certain that they will tell it unto the King. And that lawfully ' and rightfully you will treat the people of your bailiwick, and right ' will do unto every one thereof, as well unto strangers as to denizens, to ' poor as to rich, in that which belongeth unto you to do ; and that neither ' for highness, nor for riches, nor for promise, nor for favour, nor for hate, ' wrong you shall do unto any one ; nor the right of any one shall you ' disturb, nor shall you take anything whereby the King may lose, or by ' which his right may be disturbed. And that in all things which unto ' the Mayor of the said city it pertaineth to do, as well in the regula- ' tion of victuals as in all other things, well and lawfully you ' shall behave yourself. — So God you help, and the Saints.'

Oath of the Sheriffs.

' You shall swear, that you shall be good and true unto N, the King ' of England, and his heirs, and the franchise of the City of London you ' shall save and maintain, within the City and without, according to your ' power ; and that well and lawfully you shall keep the Counties of ' London and of Middelsexe, and the offices which unto the same Count i< s ' appertain to be done, well and lawfully you shall do, according to your ' wit and power ; and that right you shall do as well to poor as to rich ; ' and that no good custom you shall break, or evil one maintain. And ' that the assizes of bread, and of ale, and all other assi/es which unto ' you pertain, within the franchise of the City and without, well and law- * fully you shall keep and shall cause to be kept. And that the judgments ' and executions of your Court you shall not delay without reasonable

OATH or MI: MI .\. 267

'cause, nor any ri-lit disturb; and that the Writs which unto you shall ' coii in^the state and the franchise of tin < i shall not return

ytni have shewn them unto tin- M the time In-iii"-, and unto

4 the Council of the City, and of them h;r. And that ready you

4 shall be, at reasonable warning of the Mayor, for keeping and main-

;iiii£ the peace and state of the City. And that all other things 1 which pertain unto your office and the keeping of the said ^ount 'lawfully you shall do, by you and yours, and the y shall keep

' from harm, according to your wit and power. And that the County of 4 Middlesex ing of the Gaol of Newgate you shall not let to

OL — So God you help, and the Saints.'

Oath of tJf Aldermen.

' You shall swear, that well and lawfully you shall serve our lord the

':i«j in the City of London, in the office of Alderman in the Ward of N,

•sen Alderman, and shall lawfully treat and inform the

' people of the same Ward of such things as unto them pertain to do, for

% the City, and for maintaining the peace within the City ; and

' that the laws, usages, and franchises of the said city you shall keep and

' maintain, within town and without, according to your wit and pov,

'1 that attentive you shall be to save and maintain the rights of

' orphans, according to the laws and usages of the said city. And that

' ready ; i he, and readily shall conn, at the summons and warning

;iid ministers of the said city, for the time being, to speed

' the Assizes, I'l.-a-. and judgments of th. Huntings, and other needs of the

'said city, if you !>•• imt hindered by the needs of our lord the King, or by

'-a- .nahle cause ; and that good lawful Donate] \<>u shall

1 1 the common profit in the .-, And that

'shall 84 11 -iials by retail ; that is to say, brea ine,

• fish, or flc*h, 1 ur apprentices, hired persons, servants, or by any

borj BO! -hall NOU take «>f any Mieh manner of \irtuals sold

' during your office. And that well and lawfully you shall [behave] your- ' self in tin- said office, and in other things touching the City. — So God Saints.'

1 Of London and Middbaex.

268 OATHS OF IB Dl K \M> <H\M< [B. in. Pt. H.

Oath of the Eeco<

* You shall swear, that you shall be good and true unto Richard, King of

gland, and unto his heirs, Kings, and unto the City of London, in tin*

'office of Recorder; and the franchises and usages of the same city,

1 within the City and without, according to your pov shall main-

* tain, and the counsel of the same city you shall not discover ; and that ' well and continually you shall keep and rule the King's Courts, in the ' Chamber and the Hustings, according to the custom of the City. And f that you shall not omit for gift, or for favour, or for promise, or for hate,

* that equal law and right you shall do unto all manner of people, as well to

' poor as to rich, to denizens as to strangers who before you shall ' plead in the Hustings' Pleas, and in all other manner of Pleas ; ' and in all pleas which before you shall lawfully be pleaded you shall law- ' fully record the same, and your diligence shall do to see that the said ' pleas are well and lawfully enrolled, and no right you shall disturb ; and ' that no judgment you shall delay, without reasonable cause. And if ' shall know the rights or profits of the King or of the said city, be it in ' lands, rents, tenements, or forfeitures, to be withdrawn or concealed, you ' shall shew the same unto the Mayor and Aldermen, for the saving of ' the rights of the said King and the City. And readily you shall come at ' the warning of the Mayor and Sheriffs, or of their officers, for good and ' wholesome counsel unto them to give ; and at all times when need shall ' be, with them you shall go and ride, to keep and maintain the state of ' the City. And that nothing you shall take from any person, denizen or ' stranger, who has before you any cause to plead ; and no fees or robes ' shall you take from any one, except only from the Chamber of London, ' during your office. And that attentive you will be the rights of orph ' to save and maintain, acording to the laws and usages of the City. And ' in all other things which unto your office it pertaineth to do, well and ' lawfully you shall behave yourself. — So God you help, and th<

Oath of the Cha>,

'You shall swear, that well and lawfully you shall serve the f'itv «»f ' London in the office of Chamberlain, and wha u shall have in

OAT I OR. 269

harge ton 'hat Mime yuu shall safely keep, and the

insel of v conceal; the rights of orphans, so far as unto you

lungs, you shall save and maintain ; and no record or other muni-

whereby the City may be disadvantaged, you shall shew or

' deliver unto any one, nor shall any record which contains the right of a

rson wrongfully conceal <>; nor shall receive any person unto the

iichise of the City otherwise than is ordained. And that the lands,

laments, and rents belonging unto the Chamber, you shall duly maintain ;

' and the profit of the City, so far as you shall know, shall according to

' reason increase ; nor any harm unto the City shall you permit, but to the

' best of your power shall prevent the same, or otherwise unto the Mayor

' or the Council of the City, for the time being, shall make known the

' same. And in all other things which unto your office pertain, well and

4 lawfully you shall behave yourself.— So God you help, and the Saints.'

Oath of the Common lCoun(or.

' You shall swear, that well and lawfully you shall serve the City of 'London in tin- oflire of Common Serjeant, and the laws, usages, and nduM <>i the said city shall keep and d< •!'« -ml, within the City and cording to your wit and power; and the rights of orphans ; ~;ive, and maintain ; and good and lawful counsel ; ' shall give in all things touching the common profit of the said city, and 4 the counsel thereof shall conceal ; and the common harm of t you

'shall imt kimw, hut to the best of your power you shall prevent the 'same; or unto the Council of the City shall make it known. And

tcndant you shall be on the Mayor, and Ald.-rmen, and Commons. ' the causes and needs of tl t all times when you shall be th

• •(1 and ( -barged ; and the same, in all places where need shall ' be, you shall lawfully shew and declare, and shall I ly prosecute

id speed, for the common proti City.— So God you help, and

'Saints/

Oath of the Common Serjeant-at-Arm*. n shall swear, that well and lawfully you shall serve the City of

270 o\in< OF IHK sr.iui \vi- \ i - \I;M< AND COMMON < i i UK. [B.m. rt.n.

' London in the office of Common Crier, and the laws, usages, and ' franchisee of the said city you shall keep and defend, within the City ' and -without, according to your wit and power. And the counsel of tlu* ' City you shall keep ; and the common harm of the City you shall not ' know, but to the best of your power you shall prevent the same, or unto ' the officers and Council of the City shall make it known. And the com- ' mon business of the City at all times that you shall be required, in all ' places where need is, you shall diligently perform ; and in all ' other matters which unto your office pertain, well and lawfully ' you shall behave yourself, — So God you help, and the Saints.'

Oath of the Common Clerk.

' You shall swear, that well and lawfully you shall serve the City of ' London in the office of Common Clerk, and the laws, usages, and ' franchises of the City shall keep and defend, within the City and ' without, according to your wit and power ; and that you shall use your ' diligence that all pleas of Hustings and of Nuisances are lawfully entered ' and enrolled ; and no enrolment, by yourself or by any other, without ' assent of the Mayor and Recorder, shall you make or suffer to be ' made. And obedient you shall be unto the Mayor, Judges, and Council ' of the City ; and good counsel unto them, according to your power and ' wit, in all things touching the government of the City and the common ' profit of the people, you shall give. And the counsel of the City ' you shall keep, and the common harm of the City you shall not know, ' but to the best of your power you shall prevent the same, or unto tin* ' officers and Council of the City shall make it known ; and whatever you ' shall have in your keeping touching the City you shall safely keep. You ' shall shew or deliver no record or other muniments unto any one, where 1>\ € the City may be hurt, and no record that contains the right of any person ' shall you evilly conceal or deny; nor shall you keep any clerk serving * under you in Court, but such as at your own peril you shall be willing to ' answer for; and the same are to be sworn in presence of the Mayor and ' Aldermen ; and in all other things that unto your office pertain ] '

1 The conclusion of this Oath is onii- -.My 1>y inmlvcrtence.

OATHfl or IFIF M\V iTB \\M onOTABl 'J71

Out h oj * (>f tf« Mayor a, '

sliall swear, tliat well and lawfully you shall behu\ It' in

' your offic", and without d» 1 i\ -du execution make of tin D vith which

-hall be charged on ] he Mayor, Aldermen, and Chamberlain,

' and ol' thi- judgments delivered in the Court of the Mayor; and no lines ' or amer< greater than such as shall be contained in the e>-

' which by the Court shall unto you be delivered, shall you levy from any ' person, poor of rich ; nor shall you do any extortion by colour of your ' office unto any one,- and upon Inquests you shall return good and

* lawful persons, and not persons suspected or procured by your assent. ' And the common profit of the City, in so far as unto you belongs, you ' >hall promote, and unto the contrary thereof, to the best of your power,

shall not agree ; and towards the common people well and lawfully

shall conduct yourself and in all other matters which unto your

:i and lawfully you shall behave yourself. — So God you

* help, and the Saints.'

Oath of the Constables.

-u shall swear, that you shall keep the peace of our lord tin- Kin^

' \\ell and lawfully according to your and shall arrest all those

4 who shall make any contest, riot, debute, or affray, in breaking of the

.id shall bring them unto the house or Compter of one of the

And it' you shall be withstood by strength of such misdoer>

' shall i hue and cry, [and] shall follow them from street

'to h1 id from Ward to Ward, until they are arrested. And

'also, ill search, at all times when you shall be required by

* Scavager or 1 : union nuisances of the Ward ; and also, if

e be anything done within your bailiu he Ordinances

' <»t tl And the faults thai you shall find, you shall present them unt- »

* th< Mayor and the officers of the City. And if you shall be withstood

* by any person or person.- >\i cannot duly d

1 certify unto the Mayor and Council of the said city the name and names

* of such person or persons who tnmhl, \,, i. And this you shall no:

' to d.,.— &> God YOU help, and the Sa;:

"AMIS 01-' THK - ::S AND 15KPI CB. in. Tt. 11.

Foi. 209 B. Oath of the Scatagers.

1 You shall swear, that you shall diligently oversee that the pavements ' within your Ward are well and rightly repaired, and not made too high

* in nuisance of the neighbours; and that the ways, streets, and Li;u> ;n

' cleansed of dung and all manner of filth, for the decency of the City ; and ' that all chimneys, furnaces, [and] reredoses are of stone, and sufficiently ' defended against peril of fire ; and if you find anything to the contra i \ . ' you shall shew it unto the Alderman, that so the Alderman may ordain 4 for the amendment thereof. And this you shall not fail to do. — So God 4 you help, and the Saints/

Oath of the Bedels.

* You shall swear, that well and honestly you shall keep the Ward of 4 which you are Bedel ; and shall suffer no man accused of robbery or of 4 evil covin, or huckster of ale, or woman keeping a brothel, or other woman 4 commonly reputed of bad and evil life, to dwell in the same Ward, but 4 you shall forthwith shew the names of such unto the Alderman, to the 4 end that he may have them turned out within fifteen days. And if the 4 Alderman do it not, you shall at once, and after the fifteen days ended, ' make known the same unto the Mayor. And if any one shall make affray, 4 or draw sword, or knife, or other weapon, you shall make known the same 4 unto the Chamberlain of the City, or unto the Sheriffs, that so they may

* be able to make levy by their Serjeants of such misdoers, in manner

* ordained for keeping the peace of our lord the King. And also, you 4 shall return good and lawful men upon Inquests at the Hustings, and

* before the Sheriffs and Coroners, and not persons suspected of mail.

4 nance of parties [to the suit]. And the returns that you shall make, you 4 shall shew unto your Alderman two or three days before the Hustings,

* that he may see if your return is sufficient or no. And that you shall

* know no poultry or other small victual, or malt, or corn, to be recei\< <1

* in any privy place, or to be sold in secret, or against the ordinance of

* the Mayor, but you shall warn the Mayor and the Sheriffs thereof; nor

* shall you be officer in any Court Christian during your office of ]»r<lrl-

* ship ; nor shall you brew, by yourself or by any other, to sell ; or k •

4 an oven, or a cart for hire; nor shall you be a n-iai-.r of any

II OF THO-i IM»1 "F EROK1

Is or a huckster of ale, or a partner \\\: . And all o:

' tilings which unto your office pertain to do, well and lawfully you shall . — So God you help, and the Saints.'

Oath of those tcho shall be put under 1J >?ge.

' You shall swear, that you shall be good and true unto the King of

i gland and to his heirs, Kings, and the King's peace you shall ke

' and unto the officers of the City you shall be obedient, and at all times that

' shall be needful, you shall be ready to help the officers in arresting mis-

' doers, and those disobedient to the King's peace, as well denizens as

: angers. And you shall be ready, at the warning of the Constables

d Bedels, to make the watches and [to bear] the other charges for the

' safeguard of the peace, and all the points in this "Wardmote shewn,

' according to your power, you shall well and lawfully ke< •]>. And if you

' know any evil covin within the Ward of the City, you shall withstand

same, or unto your Alderman make it known. — So God you help, and

Saints.'

Oath nf the Rrol

* You shall swear ou shall not deal, by yourself or by any «

* in any nu-ivhandi/r whnvof you shall make brokerage; nor shall you 4 make any bargain if you do not bring the seller and the buyer togetl i lawfully witness the bargain betwtvn them; and no bargain shall u make between alien and alien of any wares. And all the bargains 4 whi.-h you shall have to make, you shall effect as well for the poor as for 'the rich; 11 take for no brokerage more than at

' the Guildhall is and shall be ordained. And \»\i shall make ' no bargain of usury, under pain of paying one hundred pounds unto ' the Chamber, as also of incurring the penalty for usury for Brokers rctofore ordain- d. And it you shall know of any man meddling .'• within the franchise of the said city, who has 'not been admitted by the Mayor and AM .md sworn unto •

' soi you shall make such known unto the Mayor and Cham-

1 An institution whereby the people of A district were emetiti for their mutual good

.

OATHS OF '!]!! \M-(<>M]^. AM) (I '1I!1. I Ft .11.

' berlain of the snid city for the time being. — So God you help, and ' Saints.'

OaUi of the Ak-Conncrs.

' You shall swear, that you shall know of no brewer or brewstcr, cook,

* or pie-baker, in your "Ward, who sells the gallon of best ale for more ' than one penny halfpenny, or the gallon of second for more than one ' penny, or otherwise than by measure sealed and full of clear ale ; or who

* brews less than he used to do before this cry, by reason hereof, or with- ' draws himself from following his trade the rather by reason of this cry ; ' or if any persons shall do contrary to any one of these points, you shall ' certify the Alderman of your Ward [thereof] and of their names. And ' that you, so soon as you shall be required to taste any ale of a brewer or

* brewster, shall be ready to do the same ; and in case that it bo less good ' than it used to be before this cry, you, by assent of your Alderman, shall ' set a reasonable price thereon, according to your discretion ; and if any ' one shall afterwards sell the same above the said price, unto your said ' Alderman you shall certify the same. And that for gift, promise, know- ' ledge, hate, or other cause whatsoever, no brewer, brewster, huckster, ' cook, or pie-baker, who acts against any one of the points aforesaid, you ' shall conceal, spare, or tortiously aggrieve ; nor when you are required to ' taste ale, shall absent yourself without reasonable cause and true ; but all ' things which unto your office pertain to do, you shall well and lawfully ' do. — So God you help, and the Saints/

Oath of the Under- Sheriff's, and of t/«;'r ( Urks.

' You shall swear, that well and lawfully you shall serve your n: ' who are elected Sheriffs of London and Middlesex for the \t to

' come ; and that you shall not fail, for gift, or for favour, or for promise, ' or for hate, to deal equal law and right unto all manner of persons, as well ' poor as rich, denizens as strangers, who before you shall plead, without ' making maintenance of any one's suit. And that, to the best of your ' power, you shall not suffer other persons to be summoned upon Inquests ' or juries than such as are good and lawful, and not of kindred to or ' procured by either party. And all pleas that before you shall be pleaded, ' you shall lawfully record the same, and your dili«:«-nee shall use to see

*.] ')F THE I

' that the said pleas are well and lawfully a md enrolled, nt

' suit ni. , yon taking reasonable pay n. ;.c entry

'tin Vnd no one's right you shall \\ 1, and no extortion unto

y person, by colour of your office, or of the office of your masters, do ; <l no judgment you shall retard, without reasonable cause. Also, iirhise of the said city you shall keep and maintain to the utmost of ' your power ; and obedient you shall be unto the Mayor and Judgi ' said city ; and good counsel unto them, according to your power and wit,

* in all things touching the government of the City and the common

>Ht of the people, you shall give ; their counsel you shall keep, and 4 no one you shall amerce more highly than is by the Common Council of

• City ordained ; and for fines for affrays and bloodshed, without any ' concealment, you shall unto the Chamberlain lawfully account, in manner 4 thereupon ordained. And that you shall not suffer your fermors to ' take any other customs than those which are due and reasonable, and ' anciently of usage in the said city. And that the Writs which come to ' you touching the state and the franchise of the City, you shall not return,

* before you have shewn the same unto the Mayor for the time being, and 1 the Council of the City; and that of them you shall have knowledge; ' and the issues, fines, and amercements that come to you under the ' } Green- Wax or the *Pipe, you shall lawfully levy, and no part

' of them increase ; and those who shall have paid, you shall

' well and lawfully discharge, and shall not again make demand thereof.

' And that you shall charge the grooms of the Serjeants who take carriage

'in the Tii y, upon their oath, that they shall take no more carriage than

ight to take, nor shall aggrieve persons coming to the City with

ils, 8by way of [taking] carriage that is for th« -ir own wares :

' and that you shall deliver no judgment contrary to any Ordinances made

* U •'. md Common Council of the said the same ha

1 not been l.y the said Council withdrawn or amended ; and that in these 1 things and all others touching your office well and lawfully you shall ' behave and comport yourself. — So Qod you help, and the Saints.'

1 It wa§ the cuvtom to deliver eitreatii to tain charges made out against the Sheriffs of

the Sheriff, out of the Exchequer, under the Counties were called •Summonses of the Seal of that Court, made in Green Wax.

5 The Great Roll of the Exchequer. Cer- .-/- ;wr avoir <k l<mr.

276

Oath of the Sheriffs' Serjeants.

' You shall swear, that well and lawfully you shall behave yourself in ' your office, and shall be obedient unto the Mayor and the Judges of the ' same city, and their honour, so far as in you lies, shall save; mid no ' fines or amercements you shall levy of any person, poor or rich, great i r ' than those which shall be contained in the estreats which shall be ' delivered unto you by the Court ; and no extortion you shall commit by ' colour of your office against any such. And due and diligent execution ' of whatsoever you shall be charged with by the authorities of the City, ' lawfully and without delay you shall perform. And upon Inquests ' good and lawful persons you shall return, and not, by your assenting ' thereto, persons suspected or procured ; and no execution for your

* private profit you shall delay ; and the Ordinances unto which the ' Common Council of the City have agreed, for the peace of our lord ' the King and for the common profit of the people, to the best of your ' wit and power you shall maintain and keep; and towards the common ' people well and peaceably you shall conduct yourself. — So God you help, ' and the Saints.'

Oath of the Sheriffs9 Grooms.

'You shall swear, that you shall be obedient unto the Mayor and 'superiors of the City, and shall by colour of your office no extortion ' commit ; and that you shall take no more carriage than for the time 'shall be needed, nor shall aggrieve persons coming to the City with their ' victuals, by way of [taking] carriage that is for their own wares ; and ' that the punishments upon judgment given wherewith you shall be 'charged by your superiors, in good and rightful manner you shall

* execute, without giving warning unto any guilty persons, privily or 'openly. And that in all other your deeds and words as a good and 'lawful man you shall comport yourself. — So God you help, and the ' Saints/

[FITZ-ELWYNE'S ASSIZE OF BUILDINGS, 1 RICIIARD L]

Of allaying Contentions as to Assizes of BuihH- In the year of our Lord 1189, in the first year, namely, of the i\ '..

I RICH. : I. DINGS.

II 1 / - i i \ : (who was the fir>*

London) 1>- inur then Mayor, it was, hy the more discreet men of the

y [thus contentions

times arise between neighbours in the ('. king boundaries

ma.lr, or to be made, between their lands, and other things; to the end

that, according to the provisions then made and ordained, such contentions

might be allayed.

Iltut Twice Aldermen shall be at the Husti

And the said provision and Ordinance was called an ' Assize.' To prosecute which Assize, and carry the same into effect, twelve men v

ted, l Aldermen of the City, in full Hustings; and were there sworn, that they would attend faithfully to carry out the same, and at the summons of the Mayor to appear, unless by reasonable cause pr It was necessary however that the greater part of the t \\elve men aforesaid should be present with the Mayor in carrying out the matters

he icho demands the Assize, must demand it in full Hustings.

It should be known, that he who demands the Assize must demand it in

full Hustings; and the M;i\or shall assign him a day within the next eight

-5, for such Assize by Ive men aforesaid, or the greater part of

already ment in. •»!. t«> 1> ued.

it a house, ston --\\.ill, lin-guttcr, or any other

edifice shall during for the said Assize be

l.uilt, iiniiK i suit of the i itioning, [the other] shall be for-

; .roceeding ai i h such building. And if, notwithstanding

i i>rnl»il>ititnif any c«i stonemasons, or other workmen, or even

i the said building, shall in so building, they shall be

aent to prison.

hi* wonl u omitted in the eariiertoopy body, would undertake such duties. >• Aanze,that in the Liber de Antique m i«auge does not appear in the

m all probability, erroneous, earlicMt copy, that in th«

it the AWenncn, M a L.'jihu, prewnrcd at Guildhall.

K OF BUILPI [». ni.rt.ii

If the Hustings be not sitting, the-n the Assize shall be granted at a Congregation of the Mayor and Aldermen.

But if the Hustings be not sitting, as at the time of the Fair of Saint Bartholomew, harvest-time, and the Fair held at Winchester, and a person shall deem it necessary to demand such Assize, the same shall be granted unto him gratuitously by the Mayor, some of the citizens being present with such Mayor, and be determined by the twelve jurors aforesaid, in manner already stated, or the greater part of them, and that always in' presence of the Mayor.

The provision and Ordinance aforesaid, which has been called an ' Assize,' is to the following effect. —

Of Buildings erected between Neighbours.

When it happens that two neighbours wish to build between themselves a stone- wall, each of them ought to give one foot and a half of his land ; and so at their joint cost they shall build a stone- wall between them, tlirco feet in thickness and sixteen feet in height. And if they wish, they shall make a rain-gutter between them, at their joint cost, to receive and carry off the water from their houses, in such manner as they may deem most expedient. But if they should 2[not] wish so to do, either of them may make a gutter by himself, to carry off the water that falls from his house, on to his own land, unless he can carry it into the King's highway.

They may also, if they agree thereupon, raise the said wall, as high as they may please, at their joint cost. And if it shall so happen that one wishes to raise such wall, and the other not, it shall be fully lawful for him who so wishes it, to raise the part on his own foot and a half as much as he may please, and to 3build upon his part, without damage to the other, at his own cost ; and he shall receive the falling water in manner already stated.

And if both shall wish to have 4arches, such arches must be made on

1 'Botolph' (*.<>. Boston, in Lincolnshire) error for ' noluerint. '

appears in three other copies, including the * /. e. place his joists and rafters \ \.

earliest one. 4 Used as aumbrit*. irds.

= The reading 'ro/w^nX pp-K-il.ly, is an

cither Hide, of tho depth of one foot o kness of the wall

ig between such arches may be one foot. But if one shall wish to . »j an arch, and the other not, then he who shall wish to have the a

shall find free-stone, and shall cause it to be cut, and the arch shall bo

set at their joint expense.

Of building Stone- walls between Neighbours.

And if any one shall wish to build of stone, according to the Assize, and his neighbour through poverty cannot, or perchance will not, then the latter ought to give unto him who so desires to build by the Assize, three feet of his own land ; and the other shall make a wall upon that land, at his own cost, three feet thick and sixteen feet in height ; and he who gives the land shall have one clear half of such wall, and may place his Himber upon it and build. And they shall make a gutter, to receive and carry off tho water falling from their houses, in such manner as is before mentioned as to a wall built between neighbours at their joint expense. But it shall always be lawful for one desiring so to do, to raise his own part at his own cost, without damage to the other. And if they shall wish to have arches, they shall make them on either side, in manner already stated. But nevertheless, he who shall have found the land, shall find the free-stone, and shall have it out ; and the other at his own cost shall set the same.

But this Assize is not to be granted unto any one, so as to cause any doorway, inlet or outlet, or shop, to be narrowed or restricted, to the annoyance of a neighbour.

Of Grant of this Assuu.

1 i also granted unto him who demands it as to the land of his neighbour, oven though such land shall have been built upon, '[pro- vided the wall so built Li not] of stone.

Of Slow-wall* and J: vr*.

If any person snail have his own stone-wall upon his own land, ot lit of sixteen feet, his neighbour ought to make a gutter under the

ither the joint- fur flooring, or the wood * This i«Mftge, supplied from the ether

-os, has been omitted from inadvertence.

280 FIT7-1 I.\YYM/S ASSIXK OF BT'ILDIXOS. tB.iii.Pt.ii.

s of the house that is situate upon such wall, and to receive in it the water falling from the said house, and lead it on to his <>\vn laii'l, unless he can carry it off into the highway ; and he shall, notwithstanding, have no interest in the aforesaid wall, when he shall have built [a wall] beside it. And in case he shall not have so built, he still ought always to receive the water falling from the house built on such wall upon his own

Fol 2 1 1 n

land, and carry it off without damage of him unto whom the wall belongs.

Of Common walls of stone.

Also, no one of those who have a common stone- wall built between them, may, or ought to, pull down any portion of his part of such wall, or lessen its thickness, or make arches in it, without the assent and will of the other.

Of Necessary-chambers in houses.

Also, concerning necessary-chambers in the houses of citizens, it is enacted and ordained, that if the pit made in such chamber be lined with stone, the mouth of the said pit shall be distant two feet and a half from the land of the neighbour, even though they have a common stone-wall between them. But if it shall not be lined with stone, it ought to be distant three feet and a half from the neighbour's land. And as to such pits, the Assize is afforded and granted unto every one who shall demand the same, in reference as well to those of former construction as to new ones, unless the same should happen to have been made before the provision and Ordinance aforesaid, which was enacted in the first year of the reign of King Richard, as already mentioned. Provided always, that by view of such twelve men as are before-mentioned, or the greater part of them, it shall be discussed whether such pits have been reasonably made or not.

*In the same manner, proceedings must be taken where disputes arise as to any kinds of pits made for receiving water, whether clean or foul.

Of the Obstruction of the View from icindoics,

Also, if any person shall have windows looking upon his neighbour's land, although he may have been for a long time in possession of the view

1 This passage is wanting in the LU» / tl* A n

i RICH, i.]

281

from such windows, and even though his predecessors may have been in possession of the windows aforesaid, D less, his neighbour may law-

fully oh>truet tin- view from such windows by building opposite to the same, or by placing [anything] there upon his own land, in such manner as may unto him seem most expedient ; unless the person who has such windows, can shew any writing by reason whereof his neighbour may not obstruct the vi«-w from those windows.

Of Corbels.

Also, if any person has corbels in his neighbour's wall, the whole of such wall belonging to his said neighbour, he may not remove the afore- said corbels, that he may fix them in any other part of the said wall, except with the assent of him to whom such wall belongs ; nor may he put more >Q\S in the wall aforesaid than he had before.

Of Impeding the erection of Buildings.

a person builds near the tenement of his neigh- bour, and it appears unto such neighbour that such building is unjust and to the injury of his own tenement, it shall be fully lawful for him to imp« i ection of such building, pledge and surety being gi

unr riff of the City that he will prosecute; and thereupon sueh

building shall cease, until \>\ the twelve men aforesaid, or the greater part of tin in, it shall have been discussed whether such building is unjust not. And then it [becomes] necessary that he, whose building is so impeded, shall demand the Assize.

Mayor shall visit the tenements where the Assixe is demanded, h the Twelve men.

On the «' Aforesaid being duly sum-

of tl..- city, with tl:e twelve men aforesaid, ouglr

visi i" persons between whom the Assize is demanded,

and th< iv, i:|»'-n \i«-\v of the t \\ u aforesaid, or t lie greater part of

hearing the case of the complainant and the answer of his adversary, to settle such matter.

282 FITZ-KI.WYNK'S AS.SI/K OF iiriLnr IK. iu.pt.i-.

But cither party may, on tho day appointed, ^ssoin himself, and have his day at the same place on that day fortnight.

Of Default on part of the Complainant.

But if the party complaining shall make default, his adversary shall depart 2without day, and the sureties of tho complainant shall be amerced by the Sheriffs. But if it shall be the person against whom the complaint is made, that makes such default, the Assize shall nevertheless proceed, according to the award of the twelve men aforesaid, or the greater part of them ; and the award that shall be given by them ought by the Sheriff to be intimated unto him who has so made default, to the end that the award so made may within the forty days next ensuing be carried into effect.

Also, be it known, that so often as such award shall not within forty days have been carried into effect, and complaint shall have been made thereon unto the Mayor of London, in such case, two men of the Assize, or three, ought by precept of the Mayor to proceed to the spot ; and if they shall see that so it is, then shall he against whom such proceedings of Assize were taken, be amerced by the Sheriff; and the Sheriff, at tho sole cost of such person, is bound to carry such judgment into effect.

Of Corbels and Joists.

If a person has a wall built between himself and his neighbour, entirely

covered at the summit of such wall with his own roofing and timber,

although his neighbour may have in the aforesaid wall corbels or joists for

the support of his 3solar, or even arches or aumbries ; — in what-

Fol. 212 A.

ever way such neighbour may have the same in such wall, whether by grant of him who owns the wall so covered, or of his ancestor, or even without their knowledge, he may claim or have no more in the aforesaid wall than he has in possession, without the assent of him who owns tho wall so covered ; and he ought to receive the water falling from the house built upon such wall, under the eaves of the said house, as before-mcntioiH .1 in this book, and to carry it off at his own cost.

1 Put in a legal excuse for non-attendance. attendance. "I.e. absolutely dismissed from future 3 Upper room.

iRicB.1.) ASSIZE OF Kfll.Dir. 283

Of Different Proportions oicncd in a teal/.

1 1' a person owns two parts in a wall, and his neighbour owns only a

tliir ill, such neighbour may plac-j his roofing on his own part

build, as freely as he who owns the [other] two parts of such wall.

i in the same manner ought rain-gutters to be made between them, as

already noted in reference to those who have a wall wholly in common

between them ; provided always, that such portion be sixteen feet in height.

Of the Assize.

And be it known, that the Assize aforesaid shall not proceed, unless it shall be testified that he against whom the Assize is demanded, has been summoned.

Where the Assize shall proceed.

• if by the Sheriffs the same shall be testified, then upon appearance of him who demands the Assize, and of the twelve men of such Assize, or the greater part of them, the Assize shall proceed, whether the party sum- moned shall appear or not. Still however, he may essoin himself upon the day aforesaid, and have his day upon that day fortnight, in manner already stated.

And if it shall be testified by the Sheriffs, that he against whom the

Assize is demanded was not in the City upon such day, then the Assize

shall stand over, and the Sheriffs shall inform those who dwell in the

it as to which such Assize is demanded, that he whose tenement it

is, must be warned to appear upon that day fortnight ; upon which day,

1 appear or not, in case he shall not have essoincd himself,

Assize shall proceed.

it shall so happen, by reason of some impediment, that the men of the Assize do not proceed unto the land as to which such Assize is hen it will be necessary for such Assize to be demanded afresh, i 11 ngfl, or in such other way as is the usage at a diti. . season, as already state J in this book.

284 FITZ-ELWYNK'S ASSIZE OF IU-II.DIXGS. [B.m. in. n.

But if view is made of the land, the parties pleading being present, and the greater part of the twelve men aforesaid being absent, then, although the Assize will have to stand over, they may continue the proceedings of that day upon the morrow, or upon such day, within the following fortnight, as they may please.

Of the Ancient manner of Building houses.

It should be remarked, that in ancient times the greater part of the City was built of wood, and the houses were covered with straw, stubble, and the like.

Hence it happened, that when a single house had caught fire, the greater part of the City was destroyed through such conflagration ; a thing that took place in the first year of the reign of King Stephen, when, by reason of a fire that broke out at London Bridge, the church of Saint Paul was burnt; from which spot the conflagration extended, destroying houses and buildings, as far as the church of Saint Clement Danes.

After this, many of the citizens, to the best of their ability to avoid such a peril, built stone houses upon their foundations, covered with thick tiles, and [so] protected against the fury of the flames; whence it has often been the case that, when a fire has broken out in the City, and lias destroyed many buildings, upon reaching such houses, it has been unable to do further mischief, and has been there extinguished ; so that, through such a house as this the houses of the neighbours have been saved from being burnt.

Hence it is, that in the aforesaid Ordinance, called the 'Assize/ it

was provided and ordained, in order that the citizens might be encouraged

to build with stone, that every one who should have a stone-wall upon his

own land sixteen feet in height, might possess the same as freely and

meritoriously as in manner already stated ; it always being the duty,

that is to say, of such man's neighbour, to receive upon his own land tin-

water falling from the house built upon such wall, and at his own cost to

carry off the same ; and if he shall wish to build near the

wall, he is bound to make his own gutter under the eaves of the

said house for receiving the water therefrom. And this, to the end that

•i.i.i -i I.WYNK'S \ 285

•.aiii seeure and , Icnce of fire

and so, it, many a house may be saved and pre-

l unharmed l»y ; ,<-e of tlic Humes.

Of the Building of Wall*.

If any person shall wish to build the Vhole of a wall upon his own

. and his neighbour shall demand against him an Assize, it shall be

at his election either to join the other in building a wall in common

between them, or to build a wall upon his own land, and to have the same

as freely and merit <>ri<m>ly, as in manner already stated. His neighbour

also may, if he wishes, build another like wall, and of like height, near

> the wall aforesaid : and in such case, rain-gutters or a gutter shall be

made between them, in the same manner as already stated in reference to a

wall held in common.

The manner of Regulating the Astute.

It should be remarked, that when the men of the Assize shall visit the land as to which such Assize is demanded, the parties litigating being pre> one of the men aforesaid ought always to ask him against whom the Assize is demanded, if he knows aught by reason whereof such Assize ought to sta And if he shall say that he docs not, such Assize

11 immediately proceed. But if he shall say that he has a deed from him who demands the Assize, or from some ancestor of his, and shall

n.f.-rt thereof, [benefit of] the same shall in; !y be allo

him. But if he shall say that he is n«.t jr. pn.dto pro hut will

re such deed at a day and time \\ i day shall be p;

him <>n that day fort : ;j.-.n which day he may essoin himself, and

mn is day at th ight. Upon which day, if he

<o the said deed, [ben. lit <>f] the same shall be allowed him; if upon such day ho shall not appear,— or if he shall appear and not produce the deed, the Assize shall immediately proceed, wit

It should be remarked, that this Assize proceeds in every way, as before din this book, both as to pleading and defending, as well against

* /. ' n hmuir fl.inkc.1 1,y A *t -no wall.

286

en. in. rt. ii.

persons under age as against those who are of full age ; that so by reason of the tender age of any person the Assize aforesaid shall not be pn-vcntcd. But forasmuch as such a person has no discretion whereby to know Low to plead or defend himself in any plea, it is necessary that his guardian and he should be jointly summoned ; that so his guardian may wholly make answer for him, in every way that he would have had to plead if such cause had been his own ; and then, whatever shall be done upon award, shall remain firm and established, without reclaim on part of him who was so under age, when he shall have come of age.

Also, if any one shall make a pavement unjustly in the King's highway, to the nuisance of the City and of his neighbour, such neighbour may rightfully prevent it, through the Bailiffs of the City ; and so it shall remain, until the matter shall have been discussed and determined by the men of the Assize.

It should also be known, that it does not pertain unto the men of the Assize to take cognizance of any case of occupation where a person has had peaceful possession for a year and a day, etc.

Of the Dropping of Rain-watery and of Gutters.

!And although a. person shall have been in possession for a long time, the water that drops from his house, — it not having a wall of stone, — fall- ing upon the vacant land of his neighbour, still, such neighbour may build upon the said land, whenever he shall please, and may remove the eaves of the said house. And in such case, the person [building] must cany off the water that falls from the said house, without detriment to his neighbour. The same is to bo done also as to rain-gutters that discharge themselves upon vacant ground.

Of tJie same.

And if a person's rain-gutter shall discharge itself into the gutter of his neighbour, or shall run through the middle of his tenement, such neigh- bour may not stop up such gutter ; and even if he shall pull down that house, and shall think proper to build it anew, he shall still be bound to

1 This and the next Article are not included in the Liber de Antiquis Legibus ; but are to l^e found in the later <•>

ARTICLES OF 287

'ipon his own land the wator falling i utter, a:

off : • • .r must be fully uiuli r-toud l»y

thc men of tlio Assize that the water discharged by such gutter was so ried off.

[ARTICLES OF THE WAHDMnTKS, AND TIIK INQUESTS

TIIEIIE( >F.]

Of keeping the Peace.

In tho first -hat the peace of God and Iloly Church, and the

peace of his lordship the King, be strictly kept between clerks and laymen, md poor, in common.

Of Strangers.

no person be resident or harboured within the Ward, if he be not of good i r frank-pledge charged before the Alder-

man of the Ward, even though he have been under frank-pledge in another Ward.

Of tfa same.

10 one receive a stranger in his house beyond a day and a night, if ho be not willing to have him ready to stand his trial, if it so

ho offends.

Of Courtesans and Procuresses.

oman of lewd life, bawd, courtesan, or common scold, be i A ard; but be forthwith r« y the AM. rnian and

<irr of the Ward, or else bo brought by the constables and bedel

unto the Co: .ore to remain in manner provided in tho Article as to

Of erecting Furnaces.

.!, that no man or woman erect any furnace or furnaces, or place any hearth beneath where they are, or any 'reredoa where a fire is made for

An open fire-grate, such M WM commonly toed in the middle of ancient balk.

288 ARTICLES OF Till-: WAliinion. [B. 111. Pt.n

preparing bread or ale, or for cooking meat, near unto partitions, laths, or boards, above or in a solar, or elsewhere, by reason whereof ueei<lent by fire may easily arise. And if any such there be, that the 'Salvagers cause the same immediately to be removed or destroyed ; for doing the which, the Scavagers shall have four pence for every such nuisance so removed or destroyed.

Of Chimneys.

Item, that no chimney be henceforth made, except of stone, tiles, or plaster, and not of timber, under pain of being pulled down.

Of Rebellious Persons.

Item, if there be any one, whether foreigner or denizen, who is not willing to be amenable unto the officers of the City, who have the peace of his lordship the King to keep, all persons belonging unto the peace shall be ready and prepared to come in aid of the officers, for arresting and bringing to justice such disobedient persons, according as the law demands.

Of Scotak.

Item, that no person of the Ward make Scotale in the said Ward, or in any other place within the franchise, under pain of imprisonment.

Of Labourers.

Item, that no one hire or pay masons, carpenters, 2daubers, tilers, or any other labourers whatsoever, otherwise than according to the Assize thereon by the Common Council of the City ordained, under pain of paying unto the Chamber double the amount of such excess.

Of Ladders.

Item, that all persons who dwell in great houses within the Ward, have a ladder, or two, ready and prepared to succour their neighbours in < misadventure shall happen by fire.

1 See pages 34 and 272 ante. applied to the frame* of wooden houses ; see

2 Daubing was a mixture of mud and straw, pagr .

EOW.II.] WAXDW

Barrels filled with Wa

Item, that all persons who occupy such houses, have in summer-time, and especially 1 Feast of Pentecost and the Feast of Saint

:;holomew [24 August], before their doors a barrel full of water for quenching such Ere ; if it be not a house that has a fountain of its own.

Of the Carpenters9 work in houses.

, that no house within the liberties be covered otherwise than with lead, tile, or stone; and if any such there be, that the same be forthwith rased by the constables and scavagers, they taking for their trouble as before stated.

Of Crooks of Iron.

Item, that the reputable men of the "Ward, with the Alderman, provide a strong crook of iron with a wooden handle, together with two chains and two strong cords ; and that the bedel have a good horn, and loudly sounding.

Of Dirt.

Item, that no person throw straw, dust, dung, 'sawdust, or other refuse, streets or lanes ; but cause the same to be taken by the rakers or others to the places ordained for receiving such dirt, under penalty of two shillings [to be paid] unto the Chamber.

Of Rakers.

, that they have rakers sufficient for cleansing the Wards of cl

. ; iiml ..nit T the constables, with the bedel, to In lj» them to collect folks of the Ward.

Of Swine and Cows.

i, that no persons rear swine, o\ < ows, within their houses,

: pain of to the Chain:

I PtM tt ' I •

•J1MI \KIIU is ,,F nil. WAHDMOTK. IMn.Pt.if.

Of Sealed Measures.

Item, that all persons who sell by measure within the TVard, that is to say* by gallon, pottle, and quart, quarter, bushel, half-bushel, and peek, shew all their measures four times in the year unto the Alderman, at such place as he shall think proper to assign, under pain of paying two shillings to the use of such Alderman ; and they shall there be sealed with the seal of such Alderman, if the same be not sealed with the seal of the Chamber : and [the party] shall pay for the seal of a gallon two pence, and for the seal of a pottle one penny, and for the quart one half- penny ; for the quarter eight pence, for the bushel two pence, for the half- bushel one penny, and for the peck one halfpenny.

And if any measures be, upon assay of the Alderman, smaller than they ought to be, the same shall be burnt forthwith in the principal street of the Ward, that so they may not serve another time; and tbe name of him who has used them shall by the bedel be presented unto the Chamberlain, and [such person] amerced according to his deserts. And if it be found that the bedel has put the mark upon a false measure, he shall be sentenced to the pillory.

Of Stalls.

Item, that no stalls be beyond the house of a greater breadth than two feet and a half; and the same are to be moveable and flexible, at the discretion of the Alderman, according as the streets or lanes are broad or narrow.

Of Penthouses.

Item, that the penthouses be so high that persons may easily go and ride beneath the same ; and if there be any such lower than they ought t<> 1 , let the same be altered by the end of fifteen days after noti« - given tl by the constables, scavagers, or bedel; or otherwise, let the same by them be demolished, they taking for their trouble four [pence], as ab

'isittons at the Wanlmotcs.

You shall present if the peace of his lordship the King has been bmk. n, or any affray made within the Ward since the ln-i \V;ndmote, and by

Emr.ii.] IV,;

what person or persons the same was done; or if any covin or assemblage against [the peace of his lordship the King] has been made.

Item, if there is any one resident or harboured within the "Ward, who is not a lawful person, or not of good fame, or not under frank-pledge. Item, if any woman of lewd life, or common scold, or common bawd, «.r rtesan, is resident within the Ward.

i, if there is any oven, furnace, or defective reredos within the Ward, whereby it is likely that there may arise misadventure by fire; or it any persons use other fuel than wood or charcoal, against the Ordinance of the City.

i, if any taverners, brewsters, hostelers, or chandlers, sell without measures sealed with the seal of the Alderman or of the Chamber of the < * uildhall ; and if any one of them sells against the Assize made thereon by the Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council of the City ; and if any one of them receives gamesters or other riotous persons after the hour forbidden by the Ordinance of the City; and if there are any persons in \Vard who are outlawed, in, if there is any huckster in the Ward.

, it' any house in the Ward is covered with any other roofing than •s lead, [or] stone, and none with reeds or straw. Item, if there is any one whose practice it is to place filth in streets and lanes within the Ward, and offensively before the doors of others.

; any swine or cows are reared within the Ward, to the annoy- ance of the neighbours.

Item. lopcr is resident in the Ward.

any bargain of usury has been made within the Ward since the last Wardmote.

, it' any purprestures are made in the streets or lanes, or upon the walla or fosses, of the City, or upon the Thames or other common soil within the Ward.

t any baker of ^urte bread bakes u hit, broad, or the converse. Item, if [there are] any persons in the hal.it of wandering within the Ward after forbidden hours, and in manner forbidden by the Common Council of the (

292 IN'jri^M'In.N^ A I I HI. W-\in>M(/H [B. ill. Pi. II.

Item, if any officer of the City has made extortion or affray within the Ward under colour of his office, to the wrong and detriment of any person ; and what it is that has been so done, and how done ; or if any person is a maintainer or ^hampertour of litigation that is carried on within the Ward.

Item, if any person pays, or gives as wages unto, masons, carpenters, daubers, tilers, or any other labourers whatsoever, more than is ordained.

Item, if the 2ale-stake of any tavern is longer or extends further than is ordained.

*A Certain Record as to the letting of four capital hu

Roger de Eure came before the Mayor and Aldermen, and the Chamberlain, of London, on a [certain] day, etc., and made complaint that whereas one Roger Sayer, and Agnes, his wife, in presence of the Chamberlain, at the Guildhall of London, did unto the said Roger grant, transfer, and to ferm let four capital houses, with their appurtenances, which they had upon 1. from the Abbat and 4Convent of Wardone, in the parish of Saint John Zachary in London, to have and to hold unto the aforesaid Roger de Eure and his assigns from the Feast of Easter in the 5four-and-thirtieth year until the end of ten years then next ensuing, for a certain sum of money, which the aforesaid Roger de Eure did in hand pay unto the said Roger Saver and Agnes, etc. ; and as to the which, the aforesaid Roger and Agnes did bind themselves, their heirs and assigns, to warrant unto the aforesaid Roger <lc Eure, his heirs- and assigns, the tenement aforesaid for the whole of the before-named term ; such writing of the said Roger and Agnes being here enrolled in the paper, according to the usage of the City, by their recog- nizance and assent; — the aforesaid Agnes, after the death of the said Roger Sayer, on the day of Saint Peter 6Ad Vim-ufa [1 August], in the 7fourth year of the then reigning [King] Edward, unknown to the ai'< • said Roger de Eure, entered the house aforesaid, and, against her own d still continued therein, nor would allow the said Roger de Eure to enter it ;

1 Ono who OIK -i. u rages litigation with the immediately preceding it. view of sharing in the profit* resulting there- 4 A Cisten-i.-m Al.

from. i,l |.

2 The polo pnijfi-tin.u' from the hoithf, and

supporting a bunch «>f 1. ;ives. if not ' third ' ?

3 This article bears no reference t«« tlr -

IT Bow A WIT:

but l>y for<-«> of arms IKK! hitherto occupied the sa;

. vollrd : — of tli- ,pon.

nto the Sheriffs by th>

y should gXT8 unto the said Agnes to appear in the Chamber

•••said u] tin day, there to shew, if she should have or know

lit to siiy lor herself, why the aforesaid Rop-- ire ought not to

enjoy }iis t( IK in And testimony was given by the Sheriff tjiat

- unto the aforesaid Agnes, and she did And forasmuch as it appeared unto the Mayor and Al

men that ivro^ni/ances here made in tin- paper l»y men and their wives, in manner already stated, would be of no effect, unless those receiving such i ts for a term of years could use and enjoy such term, — it was agreed by T[homas] Romayne, Mayor, Nicholas de Farendone, J. de \\ \ ngrave, J. de Lincoln, \V. Servat, Simon de Paris, Nicholas 1'iVot, J. de W\:id.-Non», William de Loire, William Trent, Thomas Sely, and Simon

Agnes should l>e ivino\vd from

it aforctwi the said Roger de Eure should be placed in

: that so he mi^ht be in the same plight aa to the resaid that he was in time when the said Roger Sir

and Agnes unto the same Roger did 1» t the HOI

;e commands were given unto the Sheriffs, that they should ,. siid KO-. .' th<> said b, to hold the

same for his i rights of every one,

BOOK III.

PART THE THIRD.

FoM76A. Of the Assay and Regulation of Bread, Corn, Ale, and other Victuals; and of Usurers, Bakers, and the Scaling of Let'' under the Common Seal.

Of the Assay of bread [302].

Also, of the same . [808],

Also, of the same [303].

Also, another Assay, of white bread [304] .

Also, another Assay, of light bread [30~>].

Also, of a judgment as to the bread called ' French bread ' . [306]. Also, of a provision made as to millers . .... [3<)<;j.

Also, of payment according to the weight of corn carried to the mill ; and of payment for weight of half a quarter .... [30(5 J.

Also, how much shall be paid for the multure of a quarter . [307] .

Also, of a miller stealing flour [307 J.

Also, that all corn shall be delivered unto the miller by weight [307].

Also, of the punishment of a brewster who infringes tin .Wi/i-oi'aU' [307].

Also, that no kind of loaf be made of a greater price than at the rate of two or four loaves for a penny ...... [308],

Also, that no loaf be coated with bran, or made of bran . [308] .

Also, that every baker shall have the impression of his seal apparent on his bread [308].

Also, that no baker shall sell bread in his own house, or before his oven ... [308].

•.ia.fl

A I- 1. tint | r the Churchyard of Saint Mi«-hu< T-,

for tli ;ig . [308],

Also, that i make [his fire] of [fern], stubble, eta . [308].

A! ;io baker [harbour] a guc- [308].

A No, that no regratress pass over London Bridge towards Suth.

'•> buy bfl ....... [308].

Also, that bakers who rear swii lie same out of tho -tnvts and

i of the City [309].

Also, that no baker withdraw the servant of his neighbour . [309].

Also, of the servant of a baker offending against his master . [309],

Also, that no baker give the benefit of any credit to a regratress, so long

as he shall know her to be in debt unto his neighbour . . [o09].

Also, that no baker presume to enter upon the calling of a baker, unless

In • ha\< nmv. ; i l.lo goods to the value of forty shillings . . [309].

Also, that no loaf be made for sale at the price of three farthings, or of

five farthin-s <•; [300].

Also, that no baker or regratress buy bread made out of London, unless tin* same be of proper weight according to the Assize of bread made ii.

v of London [309].

Also, that no bread be taken [for inspection] when cold, but [only] while

hot .... [310].

Also, that n< > »f tourte bread sell bread unto a regratress, n< >

in his shop, but only from his hutch, and that in the market of his lordship th« King, and not in his own house, under a penalty of forty shillings after lh nge made thereof, etc. ....... [310],

A KM, that no l>ak«T of tourte bread make white bread . . [310]. Also, of a certain proclamation made as to the sale of ale, and as t<>

connors . . . [311].

Also, tl a hmk [312].

ny ale for resale . [313].

Also, of aleconners .... . [313].

Also, that no brewer or brewster soil al< unto any one for resale [313], Also, as to bakers . . [313].

Also, of a certain \Vrit of his lordship £ as to a Sheriff absenting

him*. It, and [not] being presented at . [314],

Also, of persons propounding writing! or aoqnittenoei in tin

1 ABLE OF CONTT IB. in.

Also, of a certain Writ of hLs lordship the King, to bring up the body of John lo Despenser before the Justiciars of the Bench ui' his lordship the King L;*1G]-

And of the Return of the said Writ [317].

Also, of admitting aliens unto the freedom .... [317].

Also, of sealing letters under the Common Seal . . . [317].

Also, of the Common Seal, and the keys of the chest in which such i is kept for safe custody :....... [317].

Also, of a certain Writ issued as to usurers .... [318].

Also, of an Ordinance made as to usurers .... [31 i)].

Also, of a certain Letter under the Privy Seal as to tortious contracts of exchange [321].

Of the Statutes of the Fishmongers, and of their Hall mote ; and of Fish, Boats, and Nets.

In the first place, that he who shall be absent at the Ilallmote shall incur an amercement ........ [323].

Also, that no fishmonger ought to go beyond the boundaries to meet fish [,<>/j;5].

Also, of the boundaries ....... [323 J.

Also, that no one shall buy fish in any vessel afloat . . [323].

Also, that no one ought to avow any fish, unless it be his own chattels, under risk as. to such fish, etc. [323],

Also, how much the men of that trade shall give unto their bailiff [323] .

Also, that the monks of Saint Alban's shall give unto the bailiff one mark per annum [324].

Also, of a spindeleresbot that brings melwels, — how much the same snail ?rivu [-324].

Also, of a hocscip of Flanders, how much it shall give . . [3V

Also, of a mannbot, how much it shall give . . . . .'!].

Also, how much a vessel that brings mackerel shall give . .'I].

Also, how much a vessel that brings fish in dorsers shall give [324].

Also, of dorsers that come by land [324] .

Also, how much a boat that brings dabs shall give . . [324]

Also, how much a whelk-boat of five tundels shall give . [;;-4].

pt. au) 207

\v much ahull b<

Also, i-hoat, liuw much it .shall give . • • ['>'-'

Also, of a vessel of Scotland that brings salmon, how much it shall . . . [325].

Also, how much the first vessel that comes from Gernemue with herrings shall give . [325].

Also, for a cart that comes into Chepe, how much the bailiff of the Fish- mongers shall take [325].

Also, of a vessel with bulwarks, how much it shall gi . [325].

Also, how much a vessel with bails shall give . . . [325].

Also, that no stockfishmonger or apprentice ought to go on board of a ship for buying any fish .... [325] .

Also, that no stranger ought to buy of a stranger . . [ 5'26].

Also, that no stranger shall go on board of any whelk-boat, unless he is called ....'... [326].

Also, that no person shall sell upon the Quay by r . [326].

Also, that no person shall carry ^boiled whelks for sale] . [326],

Also, thai no fishmonger shall go out of the City, by water or by land, to meet any fish . [326].

Also, of the baskets ordained by the Fishmongers of the ( " [326].

Also, that a fishmonger shall have in each single basket but one kind offish [327].

Also, that the Fishmongers shall have two Hallmotes in the year, [327].

Also, that no one of the City, or other person, shall sell or buy fresh fish resale, before sunrise, etc [328].

Also, that no one ought to foreetal the market in huying fish [328].

Also, that no person free of the City shall h<>ld i»ntncrship with a stranger in buying fish ........ [328].

Also, of oysters, cockles, [and] mussels, brought to London . [.".

Als< of the Mystery of Fishmongers who

r own boats and nets, shall sell as of old they have been *

[,T.

Also, that all kinds of fish brought into the City in closed baskets shall boas good ut bottom of the basket as at the top . . [329],

1 This leateoce is left incomplete in the original.

298 TAHLE 01- r<)NTKM-. [D. in.

Also, that every one shall see as to his basket, that it be in manner stated [JWO],

Also, of sturgeon in casks ....... [320].

Also, that fish brought into the City at night shall not bo removed in mi the boat before sunrise [329].

Also, that no fish brought by land in baskets shall be harboured in a shop or house, but only in view of the people before [the fishmongers'] shops [32?)].

Also, of lampreys, etc [330].

Also, that no one shall buy lampreys for resale, until the fourth day after their arrival [330].

Also, that no stranger shall sell lampreys, after etc. . . [330].

Also, that the Fishmongers shall have their Court holden by the Shcrili's, or by their clerks, for pleas, just as in the Sheriff's house . . [330].

Also, that no one shall receive more than two apprentices, or three at most, except according to his means [330].

Also, of apprentices ........ [330].

Also, that the purveyors of the Abbat of Saint Alban's shall not buy fish to be taken out of the City, save only for the use of the Abbat and Convent [331].

Also, that no person shall buy herrings, mackerel, or other fish, that is brought into the City by cart, before the hour of noon, or for resale, etc [331].

Also, that sprats shall be sold and measured by tandel and by half tandel, etc [331].

1Also, that fishermen who take smelts with great nets, shall begin at the Feast of the Purification of the Blessed Mary, etc. . . [331] .

Also, of another kind of net, called ' codnet' . . . [332] .

2 Also, of another kind of large net ..... [332].

Also, of another kind of net, called ' petresnet' . . . [332]. Also, of another kind of net, called 'pridnet* . [332]. Also, of another kind of net, called ' treinekes ' . [332] .

Also, that no one shall take lamperns after Easter . . [3321.

* These articles, it will be seen, are all at Guildhall

omitted in L&n .!//»//., l.ut I • «»f - Tins arti< !<• \< j-Lu-- •! 1- ;'<•.'• tl,- •

them is aupplied from the / umarwn in- one, l.y in.-i. -"«•»'•

Al>n, «.t anther kind that arc not . ;w* IH ing too

[$''>

Al-n. of another kind ,ll«l ' clmtn.-t,' '« -t.-.j that are i«>r-

u .... [332].

Also, of nets taken in the Thames, and burnt . . . [332].

Of Keeping the Peace, and of Sheriffs, Usurers, Records a;< <<js, and

certain uth> r Articles and Customs under-tcritten.

In the first place, of a certain Writ of his lordship the King as to t: proclamation of the Ordinances under-written . . . [334],

Also, of keeping the peace [334].

Also, that no ono go armed within the City . . . [335].

Also, that hostelers warn their guests that they leave their arms at

their h.-tcls [335].

Also, that felons and misdoers may be arrested by reputable men, without

the officers of the City [335].

Also, of the penalty for drawing a knife, or striking with the fists, within

the City. . [335].

Also, of persons guilty of maintenance .... [336 J.

Also, of setting proper watches in each Ward . . . [336].

Also, of an Ordinance as to pleas to be pleaded before the Mayor, and of

process thei .... .... [337].

Also, that although persons free of t may sojourn without tho

liberties of the City, tin \ shall enjoy such liber;: . . [337].

Also, that although a person shall have been admitted unto the freedom

in one Mystery, he may still follow another . . [338].

Also, that a second wife shall have one half of her husband's goods,

.•.oii-h ili,- -aid husband Khali have had issue by the first wife [338].

Also, that a wife shall ha\« h r free-bench .... [339].

Also, of a judgment against > ..... [339].

Also, of i as to u . . [344].

Also, of a certain \Vri; •>) his lordship the King as to brok [345].

Also, as to how much brokers shall take i sale of a t

wine . . ... [346].

Also, that i lifis shall find clerks t<> write out tlu I1 leas of

[31

300 : r, or CMVI RUTS, tB-»»-

Also, of giving judgment in the Hustings .... [347] .

Also, that demandants shall always be ready in Court . . [347].

Also, that the Sheriffs shall deliver unto the Chamberlain of the Guild- hall, at the Feast of Saint Michael, their rolls of Assize of Novel Disseisin, etc. [348].

Also, that the Sheriffs shall not hold a Court except in presence of Aldermen [348].

Also, that the Sheriffs shall not return Writs touching the Commonalty, except with the assent of the Mayor and Commonalty . . [349].

Also, that the officers shall be obedient unto their superiors . [349].

Also, that the Sheriffs of London may attach a man for felony committed in a foreign place ......... [349].

Also, of claim made on proof of testaments . . . . [351].

Also, of sequestration of goods, etc [351].

Also, of the withdrawal of goods in deceit of the demandant [351].

Also, that the appraisers of goods may have the goods appraised

at the price assessed ....... [352],

Also, of a petition as to those who demand Writs of Error, and of a certain Writ issued thereupon ........ [352].

Also, of a petition of Dower [354].

Also, of record and process as to the said Dower, sent before the Justiciars of the Bench of his lordship the King . . . [354] .

Also, of a Writ to the effect that the Mayor of the City of London shall be one of the Justiciars at Newgate ..... [357].

Also, that the said Writ will be found in the Exchequer of his lordship the King . . [357].

Also, of a certain Writ to the effect that the Constable of the Tower shall not take prises ........ [358J.

[A second Writ as to tho same] . .... [359].

Also, that a person free of the City shall not implead another without the liberties of the City . [360].

Also, of an agreement made between the merchants of London and the merchants of Amyens, Corby, and Neel [360] .

Also, of [the Appointment of a proctor by] the said merchants [365].

1 The word aajuirtaHtw hero, in the original, is evidently an em >r.

TAIJI.i: OK rONTKXTS. 301

Also, on indenture made l>. ' ho merchants of London and the

merchant- <>1 A n iy» us, 1Corby, etc. ...... [367].

Also, of u certain Writ of his lordship the King directed unto the taxors

ho County of Oxford, that they should not assess the citizens of London

among them to tallage ........ [368] .

Also, of a certain plea pleaded before the Justiciars of the Bench of his lordship the King, in \\hich the liberty of the City was allowed [369]. Also, of penthouses and other easements made in tenements, etc. [ Also, of a certain proclamation that persons who bring corn and mult hy way of Ware, shall bring the same to Graschirche; and that those who same by the Western parts, shall bring it to Newgate [372]. Also, of a certain record sent before his lordship the King . [373]. Also, of the liberty allowed that no person shall iin plead another with- out the walls of the City [375].

Also, of a Precept and AtUii nt [376].

Also, of a certain Writ ntmiud l.ct»>iv the Justiciars Itinerant at

Northampton [382],

Also, of Return of the said Wi it [382].

Also, of Escheators [382].

Also, that jurors in Assizes shall be examined as to the whole

[3-

Also, of the notices to be given by tenants unto the owners of the r> which tln-y h«.l«l nt' them ...... [385],

Also, of t}u> approval of a certain custom that if any person shall devise

, or rents, for the performing of any works of piety,

although at tin time of such devise there may not be a parson qualified to

receive the bequest, such bequest shall still take effect . . [386],

Also, of an Ordinance against bondmen, that th.-y shall not be adn

• edomoftht ' i-lirial rank the n in . . [388].

Also, of a certain proclamation made, that dogs shall not wander in the

City at large . [388].

AN.., <»t ;m ( »nlinunoe as to the olc-stokes of taverns . . [389]. t driving carte [389],

'Pr.i UKMW of Corty «d N«eL'

•'»"'- Tin- IttAt or mil \n „ rn.in.pt.in.

*

HERE BEGINS THE THIRD PART OF TUTS BOOK. FoL 214 n. Of the Assay of Bread.

According to the custom of the City of London, an Assay of broad ought to be made after the Feast of Saint Michael in nidi year, by four discreet men chosen and sworn thereunto ; and according to the proportion in weight set by such Assay, the bakers ought to bake throughout (lie- whole of that year. Of which procedure the following is the method ; — the four men so sworn as aforesaid are to buy three quarters of corn, one namely upon the 1Pavement in Chepe, one at Greschirche 2or at Billyngesgate, and a third at Queen-Hythe ; of which corn they are to make wastel, light bread, and brown bread. And after, with great diligence, they shall have baked such loaves, they shall present them, while hot, unto the Mayor and Aldermen at the Guildhall ; and there, while so hot, such loaves shall be weighed.

Then shall be reckoned the price at which the corn aforesaid was bought, and there shall be allowed for expenses, as to each quarter, the sum of eight pence; the price also shall be reckoned at which the bran was sold, and shall be subtracted from the purchase price. And if thriv shall be more loaves in number than there are halfpennies in the purchase price after the expenses have been allowed for, the weight of the In- forming such surplus shall be distributed among the remaining loav. ^ ; and so, every loaf will be of the proper weight. But if the loaves shall be fewer in number than the number of halfpennies in the purchase price after the expenses have been allowed for, then an equal quantity shall be subtracted from the weight of each loaf, until there shall be made up as many loaves of equal weight as there are halfpennies in the purchase pi i« « , after the expenses have been so allowed for.

Of this procedure the principle is as follows: — at times, however, there

1 Probably near the Church of St. Michael * Instead of '?/»//>/,' h, n . >jfc*' le Quern, at the west end of Chepe, where a corn, t n-.-uliiix, :u-«-i.r«lin- t.. tli«- 4«MM / corn-market was held. iil<lhall, (^wj>. K.hv.ml F.

EDW.T.I im: tftBAT \l>.

y, though it is but a trifling ono, and such <1< may be

easily n> 1. — It* the loaves arc more in numlvr than the halfpennies,

the excess be taken in the number of such loaves, and its proportion be • vely t-» tin number of halfpennies, and then, according to such proport • t he weight of each loaf be increased. For example :

suppose that the halfpennies are 20 in number, and the loaves, 24, — each being 40 Shillings in weight, — then the number of loaves exceeds the number of halfpennies, which is 20, and by the fifth part thereof, seeing that five times four mak Accordingly, the weight of each loaf

will have to be increased by one-fifth of its weight. But the weight of ill-- loaf was forty shillings, of which a fifth part is eight shillings; and then-lore, there will be twenty loaves, each of 48 shillings. The proof of which is as follows : — 24 loaves, each 40 shillings in weight, weigh 48 pounds ; while 20 loaves, each 48 shillings in weight, weigh exactly the same; but the [original] number of halfpennies was 20, — so that the iminlxT of loaves is now made equal with that of the halfpennies, the

_:ht of them [in the whole] being the same as before.

Of the A

nnies should be more in mimU-r than the loaves, it must be seen what proportion tin- ex< •«•>* in the number of lialfj>eniuofl bears to the nmnlMT ,,f loaves; and it' it be one-thinl, then each loaf will have to bo lessened by one-fourth; and if it be one-fourth, each loaf will b

l>o lessened by one-fifth; and if one-fifth, each loaf will have to bo levelled by one-sixth. For example: —

Of the tame.

nies is 2-1, and the miml>er of loaves

tw« <*8 is four, as in I Me, whirh is one-fifth of

twenty; and tl v loaf will have to bo diminished one-sixth in

• • h NNUX forty -hillings, it will now

bo 3-'l shillings and four pence. The proof of which is aa follows:— tw< 1'Mves, each forty shillings in weight, weigh forty pounds; while 24

» eight being three fifth, of an ounce troy, each loaf would weigh two pound*

THE AS*AY OF WI1ITI- HliKM*. [B. nr. Et. in.

loaves, each 33 shillings and four pence in weight, weigh the same; and so the number of loaves is made equal with the number of halfpennies, the \\ eight of them [in the whole] being the same.

Foi. 215 A. Another Assay, as to Wliite Bread.

According to the custom of the City of London, the Assay of bread ought to be made after the Feast of Saint Michael in each year, by four discreet men sworn thereunto ; and after the example of such Assay, the bakers ought to make their loaves throughout the whole of that year; upon the understanding, however, that if corn is afterwards sold at a higher price than it was at at the time of making such Assay, the loaf in such case ought to weigh less than it did. Now it requires some conside- ration in ascertaining how, according to the increase or decrease in the price of corn, the loaf should decrease or increase in weight. ]5ut, speaking in general terms, it is true that whatever the price is of corn, that price the loaf ought to follow as to weight, [such weight being ascertained] 2when all the loaves were weighed at once and together, after being made by the Assayers before-mentioned. And observe, that when the quarter of corn is dear, you will have more loaves made out of a quarter [of wheat], and of less weight. But when it is cheap, you will have fewer loaves, but of greater weight.

Now let us see ; — if corn has increased in price, see what is the excess of price as compared with that at which it was sold at the time of the Assay : whether it has increased by one-half, or by one-third, one-fourth, one- fifth, one-sixth, one-seventh, one-eighth, one-ninth, one-tenth, and so on. And take note of such proportion, and see how many such parts are con- tained in the price of a quarter, as then sold, and so make your loaf weigh less by such proportionate quantity than it did when it was weighed by the Assayers. For example: — it sometimes happens that the quarter of corn, when the Assay is made, is five shillings in value, and that by such Assay it is awarded that the halfpenny loaf of light bread shall wci.irh *forty shillings : in such case, it is the fact that 120 halfpenny loaves may

1 This Assay is evidently of a different date state.

from that preceding; as it varies in ...im- 3 /. <?. two pounds, troy; but sixty Hliil-

particulars. lings '• '• three puuuds, i t reading.

* This passage seems to be in an impei t

EOW.M BBEAD,

be made from on.- qont P, \\lii-h. weighed at once and to-

irh '360 pounds sterling. Again, from a half qiiai may

be made, which, weighed at once and together, will weigh 180 pounds sterling; in which case, each penny [in the price of the wheat] is equivalent to twelve pennyweights in each of the halfpenny loaves. Hence it is that, it' the quarter of wheat increases one penny in price, then the halfpenny loaf must decrease in weight by twelve pennyweights ; while if the price of a quarter falls one penny, the loaf ought, in such case, to increase in weight to the extent of twelve pennyweights.

It the quarter of wheat is doubled in price, or, in other words, is sold at

ten shillings, then subtract one-half of the weight of the loaf as made 1 >y

Assayers ; in which case, the loaf ought to weigh thirty shillings, and

; will have to a half quarter 120 halfpenny loaves, which, weighed once and together, will weigh 180 pounds sterling, as above-mentioned. In such case, each penny [in the price of the wheat] is equivalent to ^hree

nyweights in each halfpenny loaf. If corn increases one- third in price, the quarter being sold at seven shillings and six pence, then subtract one- third of the loaf as made by the Assayers ; and in such ease, the loaf will weigh forty shillings, and to a half quarter you will have ninety loaves, and then each penny [in the price of the wheat] will be equivul to about 'five pennyweights [in each halfpenny loaf].

Of the Light Bread that is called 'Puffe.'

The light bread, which in the markets is known as lpouf,' ought to bo

lie same *bolting and weight as & waste! bread. As to 'demesne bread,

known as 'demritf,' the halt'p. -nny loaf should weigh the same as the

hing loaf of wa> pt nine pennyweights which may be lost in

baking.

Also, in the same book, that is to say, in tin LMM Ulack Book, in the fifth folio that follows, under the Assay made in the sixteenth year of

1 Equal to 360 pounds troy. very fine* floor were thtu called, from aa

• Qy. if ootaix? rowon upon them of the effigy of our

1 Qy. eight? hviow,

alienee* m poanble thai under the name • Par-

• Bread of •eoondqu.i MM yiy Letter-Book A, rtill pre-

• Pa*it DomMc** tfcmncli made of the eerved at Guildhall, may be meant

\

306 FKKNCII IUU. \1>. [B.IH. Pt.ni.

King Edward, son of King Henry, it is found stated as follows : — * It was ' then adjudged by the Aldermen, and by presentment of the bakers, that * French bread, the same that is called "pouf," shall be of the same ' bolting as wastel, and shall from henceforth weigh the same as wast. 1, ' and that the [halfpenny] loaf of bread known as " demcine" shall wei^h

' the same as the farthing loaf of wastel, save nine pennyweights,

' which it may lose in baking.'

French Bread.

Judgment in reference to the bread known as ' French bread/ when the bakers of white bread were taken; on the Tuesday, namely, after the Feast of the Apostles Philip and James [1 May], in the two-and-twentieth year of the reign of King Edward, son of King Henry : — ' Alan de ' Padyngtone, one halfpenny loaf of pouf belonging to whom weighs six- ' teen Shillings and tenpence halfpenny, and is deficient eight shillings 1 and two pence in weight. Also, [another] loaf of pouf belonging to the ' same man weighs eighteen shillings and one penny halfpenny, and is ' deficient six shillings and eleven pence in weight. Therefore judgment < must be passed upon him.' This is to be found in the Greater Black Book, folio 1.

\_A Provision made] as to Milkrs.

A provision made as to millers, by the Mayor and Aldermen of the City. These Aldermen were then present; — John Home, Philip le Taylour, Robert Bassynges, Nicholas de "Wyntone, William de Farndone, Robert de Rokesley, Henry de Frowyk, Robert de Meldeborne, Richard de Chigewelle [and] William de Mazeliner, 2Sherifis.

Of Corn:

It is provided, that there shall be paid, for the weight of every quarter of corn that is carried to the mill, one halfpenny in flour at the mill ; and for the weight of every half quarter, one farthing.

1 Each such shilling-weight being three 3 In the 10th Rlwanl I , A.D. 1282-3.

fifths of an onnco

EDW.I.] MI, ;, RRFW!

Of Multure.

Also, that there shall be paid unto the miller, for the multure of one quarter, three pence ; [and] for the multure of a half quarter, one penny halfpenny.

Of [Fraudulent] Millers.

Also, it Ls provided, that if a miller shall be convicted of stealing flour, or having been guilty of any fraud, the mill-horse, coming to the ! pound, shall be there attached with the flour until such time as the owner of the mill shall come to redeem his horse. Also, that the owner of the mill shall produce the person who so stole the flour, or was guilty of such fraud ; or, if not, such owner must pay half a mark. And if the miller shall appear, he shall be adjudged the punishment of the hurdle, like a baker ; and nevertheless, the owner must make satisfaction for the flour that is deti r else must pay money for the same, to its full value. And

it the owner shall be unwilling to appear, or to produce the miller, all persons shall be forbidden to go to his mill with corn for grinding, until such satisfaction shall have been made.

Of the*me.

It is also provided, that all corn shall be delivered unto the miller to be

ground by weight, that so the flour resulting therefrom may correspond with it in weight.

Of Brewer*.

Also, it is provided, that when *brew8tera shall infringe the Assize of ale, and hhall have been convicted thereof, the person so convicted shall, tor first offence, pay ten shillings, for the second twenty shillings, and for the third shall have the punishment that is provided for the same in Weetchepe. And if it happen that any woman so convicted shall be uu willing or unable to pay, she must have such punishment awarded.

I here can be little doubt that thi* U the » The trade of brewing within the City win •Miring of 'poiuku,' though certainly an confined almost wholly to female*, and wat

uiiiiMi.il .15. l-li- ./.;.....! t:.- ••• i. «MilM»i«J MiwM»g ^ /tiling, nt

x 2

308 H\KI:K* AND i:i-.<. I:\TORS. [B. m.rt.

HALLMOTE OF THE BAKERS.

Of Bread.

1 Loaves must be made for sale at the rate of two and four for the ' penny ; and no kind of loaf shall be made for sale at a greater price, but ' only two loaves, or four, for a penny, and this according to the Assay of ' this present year.

' No bread shall be coated with bran, or made of bran, so as to be found ' worse when broken than it is on the outside.'

Of Bakers.

' Every baker shall have the impress of his seal appearing on his bread, ' that so the same may be more easily and readily known. And this manner ' of sealing shall be used as well in brown bread as in white.

* No baker shall sell bread in his own house, or before his oven ; * but he shall have a basket with his bread in the market of his lordship ' the King ; that so, in case the bread, according to the market price ' of corn, be not of full weight, the body of the baker may be amenable ' to justice.

' No baker shall enter the Churchyard of Saint Michael's, or the ' market of Westchepe, Greschirche, Billyngesgate, Botulveswharf, or ' Queen-Hythe, or shall go on board of any vessel to buy corn, before ' Prime is rung.

' No baker shall cause his fire to be lighted with fern, stubble, straw, or ' reeds.

' No baker shall harbour a person beyond one night, unless he is pre- ' pared to produce such person to stand his trial, in case he shall commit ' an offence/

Of Regrators.

' No regratress shall pass over London Bridge towards Sutliwerkc, or ' elsewhere, for the purpose of buying bread, and to bring the same into the ' City of London for sale; seeing that the bakers of Sutlnvi .-rke, ' and other places, are not amenable to judgment in the City.'

1 On CornhilL

LOW. i.] 309

Of Bakers and Bn >

' Bakers who rear swine may safely rear them in their own houses, or ' elsewhere, without the streets and lanes of the City.

' No baker shall entice the servant of his neighbour from his service,

' so long as he shall be bound to remain in such service, either for

' payment of wages or as being bound thereto in good faith ; and this,

' under pain of amercement, unto the use of the Sheriffs, in a sum of forty

illings.

' If any servant of a baker shall commit an offence against his master, ' so that he shall presume without leave to forsake the service of such ' master, we do enact that, under pain of a forfeiture unto the Sheriffs, no ' baker shall receive or retain such person, until he shall have made full ' satisfaction unto his master therefor.

' Whereas it is a common thing for traders to give credit, and for bakers

1 more especially to do so in general with regratreeses ; we do, under the

' penalty before-mentioned, forbid that any baker shall give unto any

^ratrees the benefit of credit, so long as he shall know such woman to

' be in debt unto his neighbour.

' For avoiding the innumerable and intolerable perils and scandals that

' are wont oftentimes to arise among our fellow-bakers, we do strictly forbid

' that any one shall presume to obtain admission into such trade, unless,

•in his own means or by the aid of his friends, he can carry on the

' said trade satisf i.-t,,nly to his lordship the King and to the City, to the

iount of forty shillings, and can find K * hat he will do the same.

' No loaves shall be made for sale at the price of three farthings, or of

. farthings, or at the price of one penny, or at a higher price. And

such loaf shall be [found] , whether carried in the arms or beneath a

' towel, the same shall be taken to the Sheriffs' use, as forfeited, without

' any reclaim thereof, «

' Bread made out of London, and brought into the City of London for 1 sale, we do pronounce to be Spurious ; and we do therefore stri • that no baker or regratress shall presume to buy any such bread for

310 MAKERS AND BREAD. [B. in. Pt. in.

* sale ; unless the same be of proper weight, according to the Assay of

* bread made in the City of London, in conformity with the Requirements ' of the year.

' No bread shall be *taken when cold, but only while hot, just as when ' delivery is made unto the baker, according to the Assay.

' No baker of Hourte bread shall sell bread unto a regratress, nor yet in a ' shop, but only from his hutch, and that in the market of his lordship the ' King, and not in his own house, under pain of paying forty shillings aikr ' challenge made thereof, etc.

* No maker of tourte shall make white bread 4[for sale, or 6the con verso.

' No bread shall be sold at the 6hutch in the market of his lordship the ' King, except on Wednesday and Saturday ; and if any bread shall be ' found on sale at the place aforesaid on any other than such days, siu-h ' bread shall be pronounced forfeited, without reclaim thereof, etc.

' It is enacted that there shall be four principal Hallmotes held among the

* bakers in each year ; the first of which shall be held just before the F

' of Saint Michael, for the advantage of the City and of the realm : that so, ' the bakers, summoned thereunto, may receive and become acquainted with ' the 7two Sheriffs who have been newly created, and may recall to mind ' such Statutes of the City as pertain unto bakers, and receive the Assay of ' bread. Thereby is shewn, to the well-being of the commonwealth, etc. ' The second Hallinote must be held after our Lord's Nativity : that so, if ' there shall have been any transgression during the first term of tin- \ • ' the same may there without difficulty be fully amended ; as also, to the ' end that, during the solemn Festival of our Lord's Nativity, no default ' may arise among the bakers, howsoever they may be minded thereto, as ' well with regard to flour as to corn for making their bread. The third

* Ilallmote is customarily summoned after the close of Easter ; as well to pro- ' vide for the King's arrival as that of the great men of his realm, that so no

1 According as corn is cheap or dear, and * /. e, no maker of white bread shall make

the loaf large or small. tourte.

* For examination as to weight • A large box in which bread soM in tlu

3 The coarsest brown bread. It was also markets was kept Sometimes also it was known as «trete.' ki-pt in ' paniere,' or large baskets.

4 Prom this point, these Ordinances are 7 The word is «*MO«' in the original ; but copied from the Liber Cuslumarum, preserved there can 1>« h.mlly a d«.mbt that t:

at Guildhall, folio 60. They are omitted, reading is ' probably from inadvertence, in Liber Albus.

Enw. i.) THK SA 311

' w;i i'-h resources may seem likely to ari<<\ etc. The fourth Ilall-

' mote will have to be L r the Na 'nt John tin

' [24 June] ; to tin- end that, by common counsel and prudent foresight of 1 tl that which, during the first three terms, shall have been

' solemnly initiated, may in this i rm be beneficially consummated;

4 that so, through ignorance or neglect of so important a work, prud<

iv not result in loss.

' At the lour Hallmotes aforesaid all the bakers ought to appear ; and if 1 they shall not appear, or reasonably excuse or essoin themselves, each of 1 such persons shall be amerced by the Sheriff in a sum of 21 pence. And person shall desire to enter upon the exercise of such calling of a 'bak.T, li« shall pay for his entrance one 1besant, or, in other words, 4 two shillings, etc.']

Of the Stile of Ale.

>n be made, that every brewer and brewster sell the ' gallon of best ale for one penny halfpenny, and the gallon of second for ' one penny, and not more, to any person ; and that they make and brew ' as good ale, or is they were wont before the proclamation, lat

' made in this same year and place. And that every vessel that is brought or moved unto any brewery to be filled, stand there one day and one night, ' full of ale for working ; and that upon the second morning, at the taking ' away thereof, it be well filled with good and clear ale. And ' that each brewer and brewster follow his and hn trade in such ' manner as they were wont, brewing as much as such person has been ac- tomed, and not less by reason of this Ordinance. And if any brewer or * brewster be not willing to brew, or brew less than such person was wont to ' brew, let such person be held to be a withholder of victuals from the City, ' and for such disobedience and malice incur the penalty of imprisonment.

tin time being; and nevertheless, let such

' person forswear the said trade within the franchise of the City for ever.

uch brewer and brewster, so soon as ever such person shall

' have made a brewing, send for the Aleconners of the Ward wherein they

• So called from Byzantium, when it WM originally coined. Al an earlier period the •tor beauit WM worth but U ft*.

312 I»l MF< (>F THK AM-!' [B.in.rt.in.

' dwell, to taste the ale, that so he or she sell no ale before that the said 1 Aleconners have assayed the <ame, under pain of forfeiture of the said ale ' so sold; one half thereof to go to the Chamber, and the other half to the ' said Aleconners ; which Aleconners shall be elected in each Ward of the ' said City, according to the advice and assent of the Alderman and re- ' putable men of the same Ward, and shall be removed when they pi ' And that the Aleconners, or two of them, be always ready, when they ' are required, to taste any ale and to perform their duty, under pain of ' imprisonment, at the will of the Mayor. And in case any ale be not so

* good as it was wont to be, that the same be then sold according to the ' price set thereupon and ordained, by assent of the Alderman of the Ward ' and of the Aleconners deputed thereunto. And if any man or woman ' sell the gallon of best ale at a higher price than one penny halfpenny, ' and the gallon of second at a higher price than one penny, as aforesaid, and ' shall thereof be attainted, let him or her pay, the first time, forty pence, ' that is to say, one half thereof to the Chamber and the other half to the ' Aleconners of the Ward. And if such person be a second time thereof ' attainted, let him or her pay half a mark ; and if a third time, one ' mark, to be divided equally in manner aforesaid. And if such person ' be a fourth time thereof attainted, let him or her forswear the said trade ' within the franchise of the City for ever. And if any brewer or brewster

* be attainted by any other person than an Aleconner, of having acted in ' contravention of the Ordinance aforesaid, let the Chamber have one half ' of the sum forfeited, and the person at whose suit he or she shall have ' been attainted, and the Aleconners of the Ward, the other half, equally ' to be divided between them. And if any person sell by measure not ' sealed, or at a higher price than is ordered by the said Alderman and ' Aleconners, [or] in case such ale be not so good as it was wont to be, as ' before-mentioned, let such person be imprisoned and pay a fine, at the will

* of the Mayor. And further, let the Alderman in each Ward have power ' to sell the gallon of ale at such price as he shall think fit, in case the

* brewer or brewster be attainted before him of having sold the gallon of ' ale at a price between the prices above limited.

' Item, that no brewer or brewster sell any manner of ale unto any ' 'huckster, under pain of paying to the use of the Chamber the value of

1 A retailer from door to door.

FRUIH I.KNT HAKF.RS.

n <,,].]. and of his or her body [being committed] to prison, at the ' will of tlu- Mayor.'

Of Ale.

' Item, that no huckster from henceforth buy any manner of ale for resale, ' undtr pain of losing the ale so bought, or the value thereof; one-half [to ' go] to the Chamber and the other to the Aleconners of the "Ward ; the ' body of such person being also [committed] to prison, at the will of the ' Mayor.

' And if any Aleconner, for gift, promise, or favour, shall screen any ' brewer, brewster, or huckster, who has contravened any of the points ' aforesaid, or shall not duly perform his office, as aforesaid, without ' sparing any person, man or woman, and without tortiously aggrieving, ' and shall thereof be attainted, let him incur the penalty of im- ' prisonment for eight days, without redemption or pardon ' granted by the Mayor or any other person whatsoever ; and let him pay ' a fine, at the discretion of the Mayor for the time being.'

Of the same.

hat no brewer or brewster sell any ale to any person for resale ; ' and that no one buy it of any brewer or brewster for resale, under pain 4 of forfeiture of all the ale so sold or bought, and of imprisonment of his ' or her body at the will of the Mayor. But let it be fully lawful for all ' hostelers to buy their ale of any brewer or brewster, so far as they shall od the same for their guests ; provided always, that they sell unto thrir 1 said guests only at tin- price of two pence per gallon, and no more; and 1 that by sealed measure, gallon, pottle, and quart, under the penalty and * pain of imprisonment aforesaid.'

As to Baker*.

Be it remembered, that on the Wednesday next before the Feast of Saint Martin the Bishop [11 November], in the ninth year of the reign of King

Mini, the Third [of that name] since the Conquest, Reginald de

Conduit, Mayor of the City of London, John de Grantham, John de

stone, etc., Aldermen, being convoked in the Chamber of the Guildhall

of I/ondon, for the common advantage of those dwelling within the same

y, and of others from divers parts of the realm resorting thereunto, did

314 FRAUDULENT HAK1 [B. in. Ft. MI.

inform the said Aldermen, that whereas in ancient times it had been ordained and established by the Mayor and Aldermen for the time being of the city aforesaid, that the bakers of the said city should observe the Assay, as well of tourte bread as of white, that should in each year be made by the Mayor and Aldermen for the time being, and unto the said bakers delivered, under the penalty as to the same at that time provided, and, in case they should be found acting in contravention thereof, in the same year to be incurred ; — it now seemed unto the said Mayor, that in these days the bakers of the city aforesaid, after receiving the Assay from the said Mayor and Aldermen, according to the usage of the city aforesaid, were following their calling stealthily, like foxes, that so they might not be found by the officers of the said City, in case it should so happen that default in their loaves were found. Wherefore, for the amendment of the Ordinance aforesaid, and for promoting the common advantage, by discre- tion of the said Mayor and Aldermen it was ordained and granted, that when the bread of any baker in the city aforesaid, or in the suburbs thereof, should thereafter be taken by the officers of the City, and found hot, the baker aforesaid being lnon inventus or lying in concealment, such bread should be carried unto the Chamber of the Guildhall, and there by the Chamberlain, in sight of the Mayor and some of the Aldermen, be weighed ; and that, in case the same should be deficient in weight, in such manner that, by reason of such deficiency in the weight of the loaf, the penalty above ordained, if the baker had been found, would have had actually to be inflicted, such weighed bread, of what soever kind it might be, should be kept ; that so, when the baker, to whom such bread might belong, should be found, no regard being had to the intervening lapse of time or the fact of the said bread having become dry in the interval, he might incur the same penalty which he ought to have incurred if he had been found at an earlier period, when the said bread was found hot and deficient in its weight.

Foi. 21 7 B. Writ of his lordship the King as to a Sheriff of London absenting himself from the Exchequer.

'The King to the 2deputy of the Treasurer, and to his Barons, of the ' Exchequer, greeting. On behalf of the citizens of our City of London

1 /. '. not found. : Properly the ' locum tenens,' or lieutenant.

ML] A I IN'O HIMSELF FROM THE I U. 1 '

' it has been shewn unto us, that whereas they hold the SherinVick of 'London and Middlesex, with all things and customs which pertain unto 1 the County aforesaid, and ought of th< ir 1'ree will to make Sheriffs from ' among themselves, and for the Sheriffs of the City and County aforesaid bound to make answer unto us at the said Exchequer; and that the ' said citizens in times past have been wont to present and nominate at the ' said Exchequer the Sheriffs elected from among themselves for the City and

* County aforesaid, as well in presence of the Sheriffs so elected as in their ' absence, and the persons so nominated unto the office of Sheriffs aforesaid ' to be there admitted. And that, if it should so happen that any one so ' elected, and at the aforesaid Exchequer so presented or nominated, should ' absent himself, or should in any manner gainsay the same, in such case, ' the person so absenting himself, or gainsaying, has been wont at the said ' Exchequer to the use of our progenitors heavily to be amerced : — You 'nevertheless have declined to admit unto the said office Richard do

• ll..rsh;mi, u eiti/en of the city aforesaid, lately by his fellow-citizens of •the said city at the said Exchequer nominated to be Sheriff of the City 'and County aforesaid, because he was not at that time there present, 'although he had by fraud absented himself; but have compelled the

izens aforesaid to elect another unto the said office, many persons much 'wondering whereat. And forasmuch as by the fraudulent conduct of ' persons thus withdrawing and absenting themselves, as well unto ourselves ' as unto the citizens aforesaid no small loss might arise, — We, wishing to ' put an end to conduct so fraudulent and so damnifying, and to punish

i sons guilty of such fraud as they deserve, do command you, that in ' future you do admit unto that office those persons whom the citizens ' of the city aforesaid shall at their own peril have nominated at the said 4 Exchequer, whether the persons so nominated shall be there present or be 'absent thrrefrom ; and that you do cause such persons as withdraw or it cause absent themselves to be punished by amercement, to be ' levied in our behalf, in such manner as heretofore hath been wont to bo 'done. Witness myself, at Westminster, this 26th day of September, in 'the seventh year of our reign.'

Of i*r*on* propounding Writing* or Acquittance* m the Sheriffs' Court*.

It was .she\\ii unt.. Hani.. »le ( 'lii^ welle, Mayor, and the Aldermen, in

316 KORKU- N \< QfURTAKI BB VROroVNPF.P IN TIIK MIFK1KI-V COURTS. [B. in. PL in.

full Hustings of Common Pleas, holden on Monday the Vigil of .Saint Bartholomew [24 August], in the thirteenth year of the reign of Kimr Edward, son of King Edward, by Simon de Abyndone and John de >tone, the Sheriffs, that certain persons, impleaded before them in their Courts in Pleas of Debt and other contracts, do propound writings and acquittances made in foreign parts, of which the Court cannot have cognizance, to the deceiving of such Court and the exclusion of the plain- tiffs from their action. Wherefore, it was by the aforesaid Mayor and Aldermen ordained, that if any such writing or acquittance made in foreign parts, of any contract whatsoever of which the Court

Fol. 218 A. .

could not have cognizance, should be propounded, the same writing or acquittance should be held as of no effect. And if the person propounding such writing should refuse to make further answer thereupon, such person should be held as undefended.

Writ to bring up John le Despenser before the Justiciars of the Bench of

his lordship the King.

Be it remembered, that a certain Writ directed unto the Sheriffs of London, the words of which are as follow, was returned by assent and precept of John de Gizors, Mayor, and other Aldermen, in manner below set forth, etc. —

' Edward, by the grace of God [etc.], to the Sheriffs of London, greeting. ' We do command you, as heretofore we have oftentimes commanded you, ' that you bring up before our Justiciars at Westminster, on the 20ctaves of ' Saint John the Baptist [24 June], John le Despenser, whom lately you ' took and [now] in our prison of Neugate do detain, as heretofore you have 'informed our Justiciars at Westminster; to the end, that he may render ' unto John de Watefeld his reasonable account as to the time when he was ' receiver of the monies of the said John de Watefeld ; in such manner as ' by a certain jury taken between them in our Court, before our Justiciars ' at Westminster, he was convicted thereupon. And you are to have here • this Writ. Witness, W. de Bereforde, at Westminster, this 22nd day of ' May, in the sixth year of our reign.'

1 /. e. places without the liberties of the the eighth day after it; in <>tli< r words, that rity. day week.

9 The Octave, or Octaves, of a festival, was

DH >F PRI90> N-S>

Return thereof.

i was made of the said "Writ in manner as follows : — I1- fore the arrival of this Writ, John le Despenser, by Writ of his ' lordship the King, called " lMon*trarit de Compete," returnable at the ' Hustings of London, was attached at the suit of John de Cassebanc, 'merchant, to render account unto him of forty pounds sterling, as to 1 which at the said Hustings the said John asserted that he had not been ' his receiver, and put himself upon the country thereupon ; which [jury] ' between them still remains to be taken ; and wherefore the Mayor of tlu> ' city aforesaid delivered unto us the body of the said John to be kept in ' safe custody in the prison of Neugate ; to bring up the same his body at * the next Hustings to be holden before the said Mayor, there to hear the rdict of the country upon which he so put himself. Without which ' done, we may not produce the body of the said John without the said 1 prison before you, in manner in such Writ commanded.'

Of admitting Alien* to the Freedom.

Also, that no alien shall in future be admitted unto the freedom of the . unless by assent of the Commonalty, such Commonalty in -Common Congregation or in full Hustings being present.

Of sealing Letter* under the Common Seal.

Also, that no letters whereby the Commonalty may, or ought to bo, charged or bound unto any one, shall in future be made, or sealed with the Common Seal, before such Commonalty ahull have been convened thereunto and shall have unanimously given its assent thereto.

Of the Common Sri and the Key* of tk* Che*t.

demanded that the Common Seal should remain in future in a certain cheat under six locks ; of which locks three Aldermen should have three keys, and certain reputable men of the Commonalty the three

OtlliT kr\«.

ii r. Oommcm Council

318 AVKIT AGAINST D0UN [B.m.Pt.nr.

Fol.2188. Writ against Usurers.

' Edward, by the grace of God, King of England, Lord of Ireland and ' of Acquitaine, to our well-beloved the Mayor, Aldermen, Sheriffs, and all ' the Commonalty of our City of London, greeting. Whereas we have heard ' that from day to day you do your utmost to put an end to the horrible ' vice and knavery of usury and Extortion, which have been long suffered ' and upheld in our said city ; we do heartily congratulate you upon the ' same, and do command and charge you, upon the fealty and allegiance ' that you owe unto us, that you continue your diligence in this respect * from one day unto another, and that you make thereon, for better certainty, ' a reasonable Ordinance among yourselves for punishing brokers who assent ' to such bargains by bodily punishment, and the principal actors therein ' by forfeiture of their chattels and imprisonment of their bodies, in such 'manner as you shall be best advised to do, according to what is right; ' and that you appoint from among yourselves two Aldermen of the most ' sufficient, who meddle not with such bargains, and four Commoners of t he ' most sufficient among you, the said Commonalty, also in no way involved ' in such bargains, to be associated to sit with the Mayor each time that ' such manner of disputes shall be brought or agitated before him ; and that ' they hold final discussion thereupon, according to the Ordinance aforesaid, ' without sparing any one. And [we do order] that you inflict punishment 'for all manner of such contracts made within our said city and your ' franchise, as well by foreigners as by denizens ; understanding for certain ' that we do hold him guilty in this respect, who shall counterplead the ' said Ordinance. And we do command and charge you, that after you shall 'have assented thereto, and shall have caused to be engrossed in writing ' the said Ordinance, you do cause the same to be proclaimed and published ' throughout all our said city, that so every man may know the same, and ' may strictly observe it always, without corrections and additions thereto ' by us and by our Council ; certifying us in our Chancery of the same ' Ordinance when you shall have so made it. Given under our Privy Seal 'at Westminster, this 7th day of March, in the eight-and-thiiikth year ' of our reign.1

1 There is, apparently, no exactly corresponding English expression for 'male ckeoancej meaning 'evil acquisition of prop

319

An Ordinance against Usurer*.

4 Whereas heretofore the City of London has sustained great mischiefs, ' gcftpdftlfl, and damages, and in time to come might sustain the same, by ' reason of certain persons who, neither for fear of God nor for shame of the ' world, cease, but rather do daily exert themselves, to maintain the false ' and abominable contract of usury, under cover and colour of good and ' lawful trading ; which kind of contract, the more subtly to deceive the 'people, they call "exchange" or " chevisance;" whereas it ' might more truly be called u< wickedness," seeing that it ruins ' the honour and the soul of the agent, and sweeps away the goods and pro- * perty of him who appears to be accommodated, and destroys all manner ' of right and lawful traffic, whereby, as well throughout all the land as 'the said city, they ought principally to be upheld and maintained. ' Wherefore, all the good fulks of the city aforesaid, that is to say, the 1 Mayor and Aldermen, with the assent of the Commons, to the honour 'of God in especial, and for the amendment and relief of the people, as ' also for eschewing the mischiefs, scandals, damages, and knavery afore- ' said, have ordained and established that no one of the said city, nor any ' other person whatsoever, as well of foreign lands as of this land, shall be ' so daring from henceforth as to intermeddle with or carry out such false 'bargains. And hereupon, they have ordained and established, that if 'any person of the said city, or any other person whatsoever, shall be minted from henceforth of having made and accomplished any such 'bargain, and the person upon whom the loss has fallen shall think 'proper to make complaint unto the Mayor for the time being, within 'forty days after his day of payment, the said Mayor shall forthwith ' cause distraint to bo made upon him who shall be so impeached thereof, ' as well by his body as by all his goods ; and that when he shall have 1 been attainted, he shall be kept in prison, without mainprise, until such ' time as he shall hare made full restitution unto the other party of what ' he has so lost, as also, until he shall have discharged him of all manner 'of obligations, instruments, sentences, or other claims whatsoever 'touching the said bargain; and further, until he shall have made ' [amends] unto the Chamber of the Guildhall for such contempt, — that is

I .

320 ORDINANCE AC.. \INST DBU1 [B.m.l't.m

* to say, [by payment of] a like sum to that which he would have i'alsely

* gained if the said bargain hud remained in force. And in case tin- party ' so aggrieved, through fear or for any other cause whatsoever, shall not ' think proper to make complaint within forty days, as is before stated,

* it is agreed that any person whatsoever, who shall think proper to sue for

* the King and the City for conviction of such knavery, shall be heard. ' And if any person shall be attainted in such manner, either by indictment ' or in any other manner, he shall have the same punishment, so far as ' paying a fine unto the Chamber; and in addition thereto, he shall pay as

* much unto the said Chamber as he ought to have paid unto the party, if ' he had been attainted at the suit of such party. And the said good folks ' do will, that every person who shall be attainted three times of such ' knavery, shall forswear the said city for ever without ransom, under ' penalty of perpetual imprisonment ; and that no person who shall be so ' impeached shall be allowed to have any other counsel than himself, for ' making answer unto such charge. And whereas such bargains are but rarely ' carried out without false brokers, who for their own profit do often in- ' termeddle so as to deceive both parties, the said good folks have also or- ' dained and established, that all those who shall from henceforth be attainted ' of acting as brokers in such knaveries, shall, the first time, be put in prison ' for one whole year ; and if they shall be a second time attainted thereof, ' they shall forswear the said city for ever, and shall be led through the City,

with their heads uncovered, unshod and without girdle, upon horses witli-

' out saddles ; and shall be so escorted from the midst of the place

' unto without one of the Gates of the said city : that so all others

' may be warned through them, and be the more abashed to commit such or

' other like knaveries. And be it known, that the intention is of all such

' good folks, that the punishments aforesaid shall be incurred as well by

' those who shall be attainted of being partners in the said bargains, as by

' the principals therein. And be it known, that this Ordinance extends as

' well unto foreigners as unto denizens in respect of all manner of such ba r-

' gains made within the said franchise. It is also ordained and established,

* the more utterly to root out such knaveries, that four times in eaeli \

' Inquisitions shall be taken for each "Ward of the City, before the May«»r 'for the time being; that is to say, by the best and most trustum ' persons who shall be found within such Wards ; such persons being

TORTIOUS CONTRACTS.

* <lil ! up >!i th<> ^'M\ business. And also, all the good folks 4 do will, th.i man be charged to make enquiry at his Wardmote

* in the same manner. And to the end tlmt people may the bi

' distinguish and know false and deceitful i-.vhange from that which is good I allowable, and also harmful contract from that which is right and ' proper, as well for the better eschewing scandals upon good and lav

nits, as for discovering the malice and deceit of subtle and false

* compassers : — It is further ordained and strictly established, as a profit. ' conclusion unto all the matter aforesaid, that there shall be chosen

' Aldermen and four Commoners, of good repute and good discretion and ' guiltless of such misdeeds, before whom, or three, or four of whom, in ' presence of the Mayor for the time being, all such complaints shall be ird and determined, and the contracts wisely examined, that so deceit ' and falsehood may not lie concealed in any manner therein. The which ' well and lawfully to accomplish, the Aldermen and Commoners so chosen ' shall be especially charged upon their oaths, that, without having regard to

* any, but unto God only and their loyalty, t hey shall use their best diligence ' according to the form and manner aforesa 1 if any of such Aldermen ' or Commoners shall be attainted (which may God forbid) of having ta :

' substance [or] gift, in money or in goods, from any one of the parties in ' such a case, or of promise before mad . such person

' shall forswear the Guildhall and shall pay unto the Chamber four times 'the sum which he shall have so received, or which he may think to have

* by reason of such promise before mn<

Letter under the Priry Seal against tortiou* Contracts of Exchange.

' Edward, by the grace of God King of England, Lord of Ireland and

* of Acquitaine, to the Mayor and Sheriffs of London, greeting. We are 4 continually pressed by divers complaints of the great and <>i th< < ..nmiona ' of our realm, for that many merchants and others, dwelling in

London, colourably and subtly have made, and do make from day to ' day, divers exchanges of money and of other things that do 1 not concern the dealings of lawful merchandise ; whereby very ' great damage has accrued unto ourselves and our people, and more will ' accrue (which may • medy be not appl < to. We do

- roN'iuuTS.

* therefore command and charge you, upon the fealty and allegiance

' unto us you owe, that, in all best manners and ways that you know of or ' may, you do cause diligently, and from time to time, enquiry to be n ' as to such exchanges, and as to the persons who have made' 'the same] ' and who shall from henceforth make the like, be they Lombards, French, ' English, or of any other nation or condition whatsoever ; as also for ' whom and for what cause, how and in what manner, and in regard to

* what town, country, or place, such exchanges have been effected or shall ' hereafter be effected ; and that, in so far as you may find thereon by ' such Inquisitions or by other credible information, you do certify suc- ' cessively ourselves and our Council thereon, without shewing remissness ' or favour in such case in behalf of any person whatsoever; to the end 4 that such amendment and remedy may be applied thereto in fact as has

* been heretofore ordained thereon; and that our said people may h

' neither matter nor cause for making complaint unto us for the same reason. ' And further, you are to cause to be called before you all and singular the ' merchants and other persons, who do make, and whom you reasonably ' think to have, or do hold in suspicion of having, made, or of being about ' to make, any exchanges within our said city and throughout all your 'jurisdiction; and to cause the same to be sworn upon the Holy Evan - ' gelists of God, and charge them on our behalf, under pain of forfeit me ' of body and of goods, that they, without our especial leave, by let ' under our Privy Seal, make not, nor suffer to be made, any exchange ' with any person other than a lawful and known merchant, and in behalf ' of any person, other than one known as a lawful merchant, and that by ' way of lawful merchandize, and as to things merchandizable, exported ' from our realm or imported into the same, without favouring, com- 4 forting, aiding, or sustaining, under shadow or colour proceeding from ' them, any other persons, of whatsoever condition they may be, in ' making any drawback or payment out of our said realm, in di ' fraud, or defeasance, of the effect and tenor of the Ordinance thei ' made. And this matter you shall cause so duly and diligent 1 ' bo observed and put in execution, that no fraud may be con ' therein by means of any exchanges or exchangers whatsoever, against the ' effect or intention of this our present command ; as we do put our trust ' in you, and as you would preserve yourselves from harm. Given under

Seal at our Castle of Wyndeeor, this 29th day of July, in ' year of our ivi^n thirty-nil.

tutcs of the Fishmongers.

The men of the Tlullmote say that thoy oujjht to liold two 1Laghal- in th« your, one, that is to say, against the Feast of Saint Martin [11 November] and uul tlmt all fishermen and those

who are of the Hallmote ought to be there ; and he who shall be absent, by not so being there, shall incur an amercement of

pence. And further, at such Hallmote, it should be forbidden that any fishmonger shall buy fresh fish before Mass has been celebrated at the 2Chapel on the Bridge, or at the church of Saint Martin's. They say also, that the said fishermen ought to sell fresh fish after Mass, and salt fish [after] 4Priine.

Also, no one of the fishmongers aforesaid ought to go to meet fish b« the boundaries enacted.

These are the boundaries, — the Chapel on the Bridge, Castle Baynard, [and] Jordan's Quay ; unless such fish be for sale in vessels moored, at 6Berkyngge, for example, Northflete, Dertforde, or some other mar] as befor* - icd.

Also, no one shall buy fish in any vessel afloat, until the ropes are brought on shore.

Also, no one ought to avow any fish, unices the same shall be his own 'inder risk of gain or 6loss by such fish.

Also, the UK said trade <^ive unto their Bailiff two marks per

tmn> : is to say, one mark against our Lord's Nativity, and ano

against Ka*t 'ings, halfpennies, and pennies, according

as ih.-ir n.ll.vtors may o.ll.-.-t. And tli.-y M pay th- M two niark^, 1., MOM if any one belonging to the Hallmote is impleaded in the Hustings, i

«>f SIM }> : \v him from the Hustings unto the Hall-

tmotea,' or HaUmotea for

nsca|.itulat in- tlu-ir lawa. * The bell rang at the fint of the Canonical

ated to 8t Thomaa the Martyr. houra, from 6 to 7 in the rooming,

r de Colechurch, the architect » Barking, in Ea*ex, Northfleet, and Dart-

•Kin ia an or* .nit

324 STATUTES OF THK K T^IIMONf; I [B. in. IM. in.

mote in Bridge Street, that they thorn Drives may distrain upon their own <K -l>tors ![or do that which justice shall demand].

Also, the monks of Saint Alban's give unto the Bailiff one mark per annum; but the Bailiff must go or send for the same.

Also, a 2spindeleresbot that brings fresh melwels or rays, must give, thi- every 26 melwels and 26 rays on board, one melwel and one ray. And it' it have only one kind of fish, it shall give two fishes. And if it have 3merling and other fish, it shall give one half of one kind of fish and the other half of the other kind. And if it bring nothing but merlings, it shall give 26 merlings and one halfpenny for the boat.

Also, a 4hocscip of Flanders gives the same custom for fish, and two pence for the vessel, if it shall happen to moor within the Soke of Bridge Street.

Also, a 6mangbot gives the same custom for fish: and if it bring sprain, it shall give one Handel of sprats, persons who are of the City of London excepted, who do not pay custom ; and for the vessel, one fart h ing.

Also, a vessel that brings mackerel, shall give 26 mackerel ; one, that is to say, that owes full custom.

Also, where a vessel brings fish in dorsers, the Serjeant shall take from each dorser one fish, the following fish excepted, melwels, ray, conger, dory, turbot, bass, and surmullet.

Also, the same as to dorsers that come by land, and one halfpenny for the horse, where persons owe custom.

Also, a boat that brings dabs, shall give from the hundred at least 26 dabs ; [and] though it may have more, it shall give no more.

Also, a whelk-boat from five tandels shall give one tandel, Tieaped measure, at the least. And if it have more than five tandels, it shall give two tandels, heaped measure, and one penny for the boat.

Also, a porpoise owes one penny; and if it is cut up, the Bailiff shall have the 8chawdron, with the tail and fins, when on land.

1 Supplied from a copy in the Liber Ctutu- 201 ami 2n/> ante,

ma-nun. * Perhaps a boat that was navigat* 1 l.y

3 The particular nature of this boat it is, hut one man. perhaps, impossible now to ascertain. • See page 207 ani> .

* I.e. 'sea-Hug.' '• This is aj.| ng of

4 Or 'high -ship;' the same, no <lotil,t, as 'bislftfit.1

the ship with ' *W^/V or bulwarks, in pages 8 See page 207 be 5.

llr.Mt -in.] STATUTES OP THE F1MIM

>, where • >mes by water, tin- Bailiff .-hall have one of th>

his money, just as the same would chance

[to be chosen] in buying. And if the Wt i* navigated with tholes, it shall pay one halfpenny ; and if with 'oarlocks, one penny. And if it be of the Cinque Ports, it shall pay no M!\

Also, an oyster-boat that is navigated with tholes shall pay one half- penny, and if with oarlocks, one penny.

Also, a vessel of Scotland that brings salmon [shall give] two salmon ; if salmon and melwels, one salmon and one melwel ; if salmon and haddock, one salmon and thirteen haddock ; if all haddock, 26 haddock ; if all herrings, 100 herrings, salted herrings excepted ; and the vessel shall pay two pence.

first vessel that comes from Gernemue with herrings, and that owes full custom, shall give two hundred herrings. And other vessels that come i wards and owe full custom, shall give one hundred herrings. From a cart that brings salmon, the Bailiff shall take the second best, and for the cart two pence. And if it brings mackerel, it shall give five mackerel ; and if me rl ing, it shall gi merlings; and if herrings, it shall give :

1 t wo pence for the cart ; and if eels, nothing, but for the cart it shall give two pence. For a cart that comes into Chepe, the Bailiff of tlu Fishmongers shall have ti>h, and not money ; but only in Bridge Street and in Fish Street towards the West. .

Also, a vessel with ^bulwarks, that anchors, owes two pence. And a vessel with 'bails, that anchors, shall give one penny ; and if such Teasels do not anchor they shall give nothing.

The person who brings Maud-fish after dinner, shall be fully at liberty to hailxmr his fish, and on the morrow to expose his fish for sale in the

ll lordship the King.

Also, any person who shall find another of the Hallmote going be 'Boundaries ami hu\ in^r ti-h, -hall himself lake his fish and have one 1 •of, and f Tthent:

Also, no 'stockfish-monger or apj <>ught to go on board of any

yesscl for buying fish t any porter, unless ho is called.

• row.lock* * M they are now called.

• Thin mort probably u the meaning of ' Sea pag. 206 ante, No* 1. «dWtt«V »mktokefor '

326 ORDINANCE AS TO BASKETS OF THE FISHMONGERS. [B. m.Pt.in.

Also, no Stranger ought to buy of a stranger.

Also, no stranger ought to go on board of any whelk-boat, unless lie is failed, but the mariner, or else the man to whom the whelk-bout belongs, ought to measure the whelks.

Also, no person ought to sell upon the Quay by retail.

Also, no person ought to carry about boiled whelks for sale ; and he who does so carry them shall be amerced, and shall lose his whelks.

That no person shall go by water or by land to ret/ rate Pi* ft.

It is provided and commanded by the Seneschal of his lordship the Kinjr, that from henceforth no fishmonger of the City of London be so darinir, under penalty of forfeiture of goods and chattels and of imprisonment of his body, as to go forth from the City of London by water, or by land, i" meet sea-fish or freshwater-fish, his own or another's, coming towards the City aforesaid in boat or on horse, or to dispose of the said fish, or to > any part thereof unto any great lord or unto any [house of] religion, or to regrate the same, or 2[to do] anything whereby to withhold the said fish from the City, until such time as the hour of the day for the sale of fish shall be past, and the buyers for the King shall have made their pun liases

in the King's behalf. And if any person be attainted thereof, he

shall incur the penalty aforesaid.

Of the /W,v/s of Fishmonger*.

It is also provided and commanded, that from henceforth the fishrao: of the City aforesaid, and their partners, shall so ordain that their ha-! in which they bring their fish from the sea be more convenient and of larger size ; and that from henceforth each basket contain in itself but one manner offish. And that no one of the fishmongers aforesaid, or of their partners, be so daring as falsely to 8dub their baskets; that is to sav. make a show at the top of the basket of desirable fish, and !»» n u< h

baskets, to put undesirable fish of little value. And if any person be attainted of so doing, such fish is to be forfeited, and the (lubber to be ini-

1 /.'. a person not free of » A term still known in liillingftgaU*

iwweage eeeniB < i ket

v.fj ORDINANCE OF I UK F I SI IV

' him be held as 1 tliis in;

I xmdon Bridge an«l i in the

Of the same.

It is also pr« hat in each bosket then.' shall be but one manner of

fish, as aforesaid ; and that each basket shall contain in itself the measure of — This matter was proclaimed in London on '

reign of King Edward eighteen.

/ "jers.

Whereas for some time the reputable men of the trade of Fishmongers of i form, whcr were bound to buy and sell their

in places ii in certain boundaries, according to certain

points a: .nicies, which are found in the remembrances of

.-• which points used to be read in the two 2Laghalmotes which the

.en hold in presence of : ifls each year ; but through

Mioval of th s and Bailiffs, [and] through too great

sufferance on part of some oi' tin- liailiils, the • les are not duly

observed and are abused ; by reason whereof it is proper to apply a remedy

—In the time <>t King Edward, son of King Henry, and in

of his reign, Gregory de Roke [&]!<•; I ayor of London,

ing heard and understood

reasons oi' 1 1 . tain umeiid-

- aforesaid, which the said reputable men delivered for common profit oi and of all [other] persons, and to

re may be no doubting, but certainty, as to how s of such trade ought to comport themselves, have established and itexl in such manner as in this book is underwritten. —

Of the Uallniote* of

in benefit >i th. there shall be two Hullmotes in the year,— one against ast of Saint Martin and • I against L« ;;t. T» whit -h Hallmoto

* /. r. Uw HallmoU*. See p^e 323a^, Note 1.

328 OKDIXAMI 01 THi: I ISIfMi [D. ni.l't.iii.

shall come all the iishmon^.T* who Mon£ to the Hallmote of thc^ne fi<h- mongery and the other; upon such day also as the Sheriff shall IK> able to attend and be there himself, and upon reasonable summons made one day before. And one IFallmote shall beholden at the Bridge, and the other at 2Westfistrete, and all shall come to the one Hallmotc and the other.

And he who of those who shall be in the City shall make default, Fol. 222 A.

upon such summons made, shall give 21 pence without release of aught or any pardon being granted.

Of Fresh FMt.

No man of the City, or other person, shall sell or buy fresh fish for resale before sunrise, or salt fish before the hour of Prime ; and this, as well as to fish that comes by land as to that brought by water. So nevertheless, that the reputable men of the trade may sell their own salt fish, in which no foreigner has a share, after sunrise ; and the rest, in which foreigners have a share, after Prime.

No man shall go forth to meet fish, or shall send to buy any manner of fish by way of forestalling, either far or near, under pain of forfeiting such fish, whatever it may be. The boundaries are, the Chapel on the Bridge, Castle Baynard, and Jordan's Quay. No person shall buy fish in any \< >s< 1 before the rope has been first brought to shore; and not then, except in manner before-mentioned.

No man of the City shall have partnership with a stranger, nor shall he receive the fish of a strange man in the way of any manner of partnership, or of any manner of 4avowry, either by water or by land. But such strangers [themselves] must come and sell their fish, and must do their best, if one half of such 6fish is not theirs, for gain or for loss thereby. And as to this the strange partner is to make oath, [if he comes], or else the master mariner, if he pleases, if the owner does not come ; and if there be great suspicion as to the same, the partner that is free of the City [inu.-st make oath].

1 Meaning that of salt-fish and stock-fish, * Untrue assertion that it is his «,\v n. •swell as of freah fish. * This passage appears < '.ntra<lictory, and

2 West Fish-street. is perhaps ini) 0M .-:mn- remark ex- * I.e. a person not free of th, < u nding to the i u.l ..f tin- scvt.

••'•u ORi)i\\\ 329

Of 0

1 as to oysters, and whelks, and mussels, tli;. > the City, no

11 sell them, or avow them, Imt only those wlio lisli them and bi them ; nor yet any other tisli that 1'olks [usually] bring as of their own fishing. And tin- Kini: *hall ha\e as his custom from the boat that brings of whelks, one tandel ; to whatever person or persons such whelks belong, whether more or less. And neither oysters, whelks, nor mussels shall lie for sale beyond two ebbs and a flood. Nor shall any boat- load be sold in gross; save that, when a stranger shall not have sold all by noon, resellers may buy the remainder and put the same in their shops and sell it, but not in the boat.

Nor shall any stranger [buy] of a stranger. And the reputable men of the trade who have their boats and their own nets, shall sell their fish as they w, n \v..nt ; and strangers shall sell their own fish that they bring,

vowry of such fish, at the best price they may. all manner of fish that comes into the City and is enclos. bask t bo as good below as it is abovo, or and each pei-smi

must see to his basket, that so it is. And he who shall sell otherwise, shall lose tin i

And as to sturgeon that comes in barrels, — it must be of one taking and of one salting.

1 as to all manner of fish that comes into the City at night, it shall not ved from the boat before the hour of sunrise aforesaid, whether

is to say, to foreigner or to i ; supposing always that

it hi- not in rainy weather that it so comes at night. In which case, it must lie upon the quay of the City, in keeping of the

until the hour aforesaid.

of fish that comes by land in baskets shall be bar- red in shops or in houses ; but [the dealers] shall sell the same before r shops in view of the people; save as to the reputable men of the may harbour their own fish upon view of the Serjeant ; pro- (i that, v oncealing or disposing of anything, they fully [bring]

same to market for sale on the morrow, under jwin, as before in

330 ORDINANCE OF Tin: KISMMoNCKRS. [B. m.rt. in.

Of Lampreys.

And as to lampreys of l Nantes, no one shall conceal or harbour them upon their arrival with a stranger ; but the strangers who so bring them shall sell them by the wall of 2JSaint Margaret's. Nor shall any one buy them for resale, before the fourth day after their arrival.

Nor shall any stranger sell them by retail after that time, except to mm of repute and great lords, and that by the dozen or half dozen, and not in a smaller quantity.

Of the Court of the Fishmongers.

And they shall have their Court holden by the Sheriffs, or by [their] clerks, with the same manner of pleading, the same delays, and the same adjournments as in the Sheriff's own s house ; that is to say, as to all persons of the trade in regard to such matters as touch their tradt, tin- one with another, upon such day as the Sheriff can hear tlimi, hini.srli' or by his clerks, for the two marks which the Court pays unto the Sheriff yearly.

Of Apprentices.

And from henceforth no one shall take more than two or three appren- tices at most, and that only according as he is of ability to support thmi ; or [shall take] any apprentice for a less term than seven years, such term to be completed ; and that, by view of four reputable men of the trade, in such manner that the master and the apprentice, while he is working at such trade, come to the Guildhall, to cause the covenant and the term to be enrolled ; and also do the same at the end of the term, if the death of the one or the other does not dissolve [the apprenticeship].

Abo, of Apprentices.

And if the master dies within the term, such apprentice shall come to the Guildhall before the reputable men, to do the same, that so they may

1 The word 'namtcea' here is an error on * The Sheriffs were in tin lial.it «:

part of the transcriber for ' Nauntes.' mitting to tin -ir Cmni'tcrM . nn-nt

2 New Fish-street ; on the site now occu- given in their own houses. l>ied l>y the Monument

F.DW.I.] AS TO TI 331

:iid that IK- doos nut 1'ulluw such trad*-. Also, no app: -hall e< dealing, and no man shall eommi

anotlier in <i : hut tho r men of the trade shall

purchases, from henceforth, in a lair manner. injury

• to am person, and without any such forecheap. And, neii

for anger nor for spite, shall any vendor hold his fish too dear; and it lors do so, tl r and reputable men shall assign proper persons to

assess the same.

As com hose who are now apprentices, no one shall work after

Sunday next, until sueh time as his master and he shall have come .all, and shall have caused to be enrolled their covenant and rm.

As concerning the Abbat of Saint Alban's, good care must be taken huy nothing to be taken out of the City, except for the use < and Convent of that house only.

No man shall from henceforth bring herrings, m;i or other

Mi that comrs to tin- Titv hv i-;. re the hour of noon, for

,

its are [to be] sold and measured by tandel and half tandel, as from of old i \\ont, and not otherwise ; and not to be sold in gross by

>\vorn Wardens of the Statutes of tho aforesaid trade, that is to say:— Kobert Pykeman, John Cros, * [Robert le Lunge, John Adam (!•• Fuleham fc] Thomas Cros, Adam de Fuleham the Little,—

NV'^1- ' .ucliard, Kalph de Dnimi

ird do Lunge, Geoffrey Scote, Miles de Oj-> liam de Bolintone, — mi tin-

[» Thi* M the Ordinance that the good j

a*

tht -1 Jvo smelU towards the East

begin at Candl t to fish

» ThflM Artidw have been omitted

* name* are mi it*r AOm*. advertence in ',„*, ana ^ hero wp.

CWmiuinfm. plied from the L**r Cu**ma rum t

332 ORPIN VM'K AS TO THE DIMENSION- <>1 V IB.m. Pt.iu.

until the Feast of Our Lady in Lent, with their l besom ; and then they shall lay aside this besom until the Feast of Saint John [*J1 June]. Also, there is another manner of net, that is < ailed ' -Vodnet ; ' these ought to go on from Candlemas until the Feast of our Lady in Lent, and no longer.

Item, there is another manner of large net, towards the A Vest of London Bridge, that shall go on all the year, [the meshes of which are] two inches wide, and not more narrow.

Item, there is another manner of net, which people call '8peteresmt,' [the meshes of which are] two inches wide, and not more narrow ; and it shall go on all the year, except in the season when they take smelts.

Item, there is another manner of net, that they call ' 4pridnet ;' which shall begin [to be used] eight days before the Feast of Saint Michael, and shall go on until the Feast of Saint Martin [11 November] and no longer.

Item, there is another manner of net, that they call * Hreinekes/ of the width [in the meshes] of one inch and a half, and not more narrow.

And no man shall take any 6lampern after Easter, before it is towards Saint Michael, when their season comes.

Item, there is a kind of 7gorce; which things are not at all advan- tageous, as they are too narrow [in the mesh], to the undoing of the wai There are other manners of nets that are forbidden, that is to say, 8chotmt, 9chofhet, and kidel.]

Procedure as to the burning of \_unlaicful] Nets.

' At a Congregation of the Mayor and Aldermen, AVilliam do Clophain, ' Richard de Kent, and other fishmongers of London, brought unto the

1 This practice of using a besom was bailiff of the river.

known on the Thames, till a recent period, as * More commonly known as ' t rinks,' and

* beating the bush. ' attached to posts or anchors; the fisher-nun

9 So called from the cod or pouch in which that used them \vriv known ;us 4 trink- rm. n.'

a stone was placed, for the purpose of sinking • Or river- lam prey, a fish of tritlii

it. while the larnprey-eel was of great prio-, ami

3 Used by a class of fishermen known highly esteemed.

generally down to the last century, and even ? Under this name the net is meant, pro- now at Gravesend, as 'petermen.' A 'peter- bably, more recently known as a 'fish- boat ' is a boat sharp alike at either end. garth.'

4 Called a ' i-ri.lt net ' in the Thames Ordi- 8 Known as a ' shute-net ' at a mnre recent nances of September 1584, and not to be period.

used except by special leave of the Water- • Probal'h a .shove-net <>r &eine.

EDw.m.] PR., TO UXLAWFII 333

.ildhall of London eight nets that had been found by them in the ' waters of Thames, on the West side of London Bridge, in possession ' of the men under- written, namely, Alan ir », and others, <

' asserting that the same were false, to the destruction of the advantageous- ' ness of the waters of Thames, in regard to the fish breeding in the same ' waters, to the loss of all people, as well of the City as others, both living

ir to and at a distance from such city : seeing that the meshes of the 'said nets, here l>y tlmu brought unto the Guildhall, according to the ' usage of the City, ought to have been two inches in width at least, ' while small fish of the size and dimensions of one inch could not pass 4 through the meshes of the said nets. And the fishmongers afore- ' said demanded that, after inspection of the memoranda in the

J*ol. 22)3 B*

' Chamber of the Guildhall of London, as to the dimensions

' of which such nets now taken ought to have been, there should be done

' as to such nets that which, according to the discretion of the Mayor and

• Aldermen, ought to be done, etc. And after inspection of the memoranda

the Chamber of the said Guildhall, namely the Lesser Black Book, ' folio 93, as to the dim* n>ions ofwhieh the nets now taken as aforesaid

• ought to have been, it was found by such memoranda, that the said eight

t*, now taken in possession of the men aforesaid, ought to be in the ' mesh two inches in width. It was therefore commanded, that the ' Serjeant of the Chamber should make to appear here on the Saturday then

\t ensuinnr sueh of the more discreet fishmongers of the City as had

• knowledge as to nets ; that so, after seeing the said nets and ascertaining ' the dimensions thereof, such among them as should be good nets might 1 bo delivered unto the owners ; and such as should be found to be bad and

Ise, less than two inches wide [in the mesh], might, in accordance with ^ usage of the City, be burnt. Upon which Saturday, appeared Adam ' do Kyngestone, etc., fishmongers; and were sworn to survey, exam

1 measure the meshes of the nets aforesaid. \\ bo said, upon their oath, ' that the meshes of sueh net* ought to bo measured from one knot across « to the second knot ; [and] that the net of the said Alan ' false net ; that one net of William atto Style was a good net, etc. U'hereforo it was adjudged, that the four good nets aforesaid should ' be restored unto the owners thereof, and the four false nets aforesaid 'should be burnt.'

WRIT AS TO PROCLAMATION OF M^TTCTTS. Riii.rt.iu.

And so likewise, after this, divers false nets, that wore found hy the fishmongers in the waters of Thames, at divers times, by award of the Mayor and Aldermen, were burnt.

Writ a* to the Proclamation of certain Article.

' The King to the Mayor and Sheriffs of London, greeting. We send ' unto you, enclosed in these presents, certain Articles concerning our p< ' in the said City of London, by us and our Council ordained, tlie ubli.ua-

* tions of which we do hold greatly at heart ; commanding you, and strictly

* enjoining that, immediately upon seeing these presents, you do cause all ' the Articles aforesaid publicly to be proclaimed in the City of London ' aforesaid, in such places as unto you shall seem expedient, and strictly to ' be observed ; and that, in accordance with the tenor of the Articles afore- ' said, you do cause all who shall contravene the same to be punished and

* chastised. And this, as you do love ourselves, and our honour, and the ' safety of the city aforesaid, and shall wish to preserve yourselves unharmed,

* you are in no manner to omit. Witness myself, at Westminster, this ' twelfth day of June, in the year of our reign thirty-seven.'

Of keeping the j»

For keeping and maintaining the peace of his lordship the King in the City of London and in the suburbs thereof, it is ordained by his lordship the King and his Council, with the assent of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty of the said City of London, in manner following ; — that no one be so daring as to go wandering about within the said city, or in the suburbs, after the hour of curfew rung out at the church of Our Lady at Bow, unless he be a man known to be of good repute, or his servant, for some good cause, and that with a light; the which curfew shall l>e rung at the said church between the day and the night. And if any one shall be found wandering about, contrary to this Ordinain • , li.- is to be forthwith taken and sent unto the prison of Newgat< . ,iain

until he shall have paid a fine unto the City for such contempt, and 1 found good surety for his good behaviour.

U8B OP ARMS FOHTUD!

That no one go at

• >n he be, go armed in the said city i the suburbs, or cany arms, by day or by niglit, < \< ept the vadlets of

the great lords of the land, carrying the swords of their masters in t:

presence, and the serjeants-at-arms of his lordship the King, of my lady Queen, the Prince, and the other children of his lordship the King,

and the officers of the City, and such persons as shall come in their com- y in aid <>f them, at their command, for saving and maintaining tin*

said peace; under the penalty aforesaid, and the loss of their arms and

armour.

Of Hosteler*.

Item, that every hosteler and herbergeour cause warning to be given unto his guests that tin y 1> ;iv.- th.-ir arms in their hostels where they shall be harboured ; and if they shall not do so, and any one shall be found carry- ing arms contrary to the said proclamation, through default of warning by his host, such host is to be punished by imprisonment and by fine, at the discretion of the Mayor and Aldermen.

Of the poicer of a r retting Fdon* and Misdoers.

Item. th. man of standing in the said city. Alderman and com-

moner, who is of good reputr. have power, in the absence of the offie

>nd raisdoers, and to bring them unto the houses of the i it!'-*, that so due punishment may be inflicted upon such misdoers.

Tluit no one dratc 9trord or hi

the better to keep the said peace, and that each person may fear I to break the said peace, it is ordained that no person draw sword, or knife, or other arm ; [and in such case], provided he do not strike, he is ;.uy unto the City half a mark, or remain in the prison of Newgate fifteen days. And if he draw blood of any one, he is to pay unto the < y shillings, or remain in prison forty days.

vrari the Black Prince, ton of Bdwanl in.

336 MAIXTKN-ANCF. OF Till- PK.VCE. [11. m. tt. in.

And if he strike any one with the fist, but have not drawn blood, he is to pay unto the City three shillings, or be imprisoned eight days. And ii' he draw blood with the fist, he is to pay unto the City forty pence, or !><> imprisoned twelve days. And let such offenders find good surety, before their release, for their good behaviour. And nevertheless, let him upon whom such offence has been committed, have his recovery by process of la\\ ; and let such offences, as to blood shed against the peace of his lordship tin- King, be pleaded before the Sheriffs from day to day, without any cssoin or other delay.

Of }C/ifimpcrtor8.

Item, the better to provide that right and equal law be dealt unto all per- sons;— it is accorded that no man, of whatever condition he be, shall come into any place of judgment, before any judge, to maintain any suit, or in maintenance of any party who has business before any judge at the suit of the King or of [another] party ; under pain of imprisonment, there to remain without bail until he shall have paid a fine unto the King and the City for the offence aforesaid, and have found good surety that from thence- forth he will be maintainer of no suits.

Item, that all men in trade, and other persons keeping house in the said city, shall keep no man in such trade, or in their service, or in any other manner, except persons for whom they shall be willing to answer, as to behaviour and deed, unto the King and the people, at their own peril.

Of good Watches for [keeping'] the peace.

Item, that each Alderman cause to be set in his "Ward good and proper watches for the better preserving of the peace; that so, if evil happen through default of the watches, the Alderman and all the commons of the Ward may be answerable at their peril therefor; and that .

Fol. 224 B.

Alderman have the names of all those who are inhabitants, and dwellers with the inhabitants, of his Ward ; as well of those who are put in retired places to work as of others.

suit.

1 Persons guilty of encouraging litigation, with the riew of sharing in tin proceeds of the if

\M!

Of \ • "jr.

all those who wish to make complaint before

the M;i\ Aldermen hy 1)111, shall find pledges to prosecut i-ills,

>hall do them speedy right, from day to day, without any •cording to L -hunt ; and that all the issues and ;

thai suit from such in hills vhall be levied by tlu-ir officers

to the behoof of the Sheriffs ; and tl clerks and Serjeants shall be

rom day to day, to enter such pleas as shall be there pleaded, [and]

' s in form that follows : — For every plaint of debt the sum whereof amounts to twenty shil

. the amercen 11 be twelve pence; and if the sum is within

20 shillings : -hall be four pence ; and so as to all other pleas

according to the sum recovered, in like manner. S ays fines for;

iys and for blood shed [payable] unto the commonalty of the said t which fines shall be 1 hy the hands of the Chamberlain for the

ing, as is more fully contained in the Ordinances laf ! and

established by assent of the Mayor and Aid. •: men, Sheriffs, and Com-

ards by his lordship the King and his great Con in the s f his reign : are

G, folio 111. And I'm -:her, such manner of fines 1 me past been awarded unto the said Commonalty, ards, on Sunday the Vigil of Saint M Jehad, in the nim-and- thirtii th year [of the same reign], the Ordinance aforesaid was

1 hy Adam de Bury, Mayor, the A1 . and the w!

of the Commonalty, in L in Lett -Book G, folio 1

te was made . in manner set

in Letter- Hook F, folio 105, as to fines for affrays and blood shed.

Of persons adm i ; '<c Frecdo

Also, it was ortl i at all those who theretofore had been admitted

lecdom < -f London, should, although they shot

• continual sojourn i:. have and enjoy all tl

'Son further ;w t<> tin- otlio- •»! >h. ntl". 'lU-kJ <;. f..'.i,, .VI.1 N,,t<'

oooleoqponij hand

338 RIGHTS OF A StCOND WIFK AS TO IIKK III IBAND'S ITl^nNAl.TY. [B. nr.rt. in.

liberties, in the same manner as those who should make continual sojourn therein. Provided always, that such persons should be in Lot and Scot, and be partakers of burdens incident to the city aforesaid, when and M such burdens should be incurred.

Also, it was ordained, that if any person should be admitted to the freedom of the city aforesaid in any certain trade, in case such person should afterwards wish to follow some other trade, it should be fully lawful for him to do so, and to trade at his own will in all manner of merchandixe, without any impediment thereto.

That a Second Wife shall have one half of her Husband's goods, etc.

Be it remembered, that whereas there was a certain suit between Lucy, formerly the wife of Henry Bredforde, late citizen of London, and John Pountfreit, saddler, and Laurence Silkstone, executors of the testament of the said Henry, for that, whereas she claimed to have one half of all the goods and chattels belonging unto the aforesaid Henry, her late husband, at the time of his death, as the reasonable part of the said goods and chattels unto her belonging according to the custom of the City of London ; foras- much as there was no issue between the aforesaid Henry, her late husband, and herself procreated, such executors had hitherto refused to

Fol. 226 A.

transfer unto the aforesaid Lucy such half of the goods and chattels aforesaid : seeing also that the said Henry had previously had another wife, Alice by name, by whom he begat two sons, John and Richard, still sur- viving, the said executors did not admit that the aforesaid Lucy, the second wife of the said Henry, ought in such case to have more than one third part of the goods and chattels aforesaid, which belonged unto the aforesaid Henry at the time of his death, according to the custom of the city aforesaid, etc. —

For the allaying of which strife, there appeared here before the Mayor and Aldermen, on the Wednesday next before the Feast of Saint Gregory [12 March], in the four-and-fortieth year of the reign of King lid ward, the Third [of that name] since the Conquest, as well the before-named Lucy as the executors aforesaid; and thereupon they put themselves iip..n the judgment of the said Mayor and Aldermen, to do whatsoever upon the premisses the said Mayor and Aldermen should award, etc.

And thereupon, after hearing the reasons of the 1, and

1EDW.II1.]

duly advising upon the premisses, forasmuch as the Mayor and Alden aforesaid recorded that the custom of London is that, when there is no issue between a man and his second wife begotten, and such man dies ; in such case, although he may have issue by his first wife surviving, his second wife ought to have one half of the goods and chattels which belonged to such husband, as the reasonable part thereof unto her belong- ing, according to the custom of the City of London. —

It was therefore adjudged by the said Mayor and Aldermen, that the aforesaid Lucy should have one half of all the goods and chattels which belonged unto Henry aforesaid, her late husband, at the time of his decease, as the reasonable part of the said goods unto her belonging, according to the custom of the City of London, etc.

That a Wife aJiall have her Free-bench.

Also, commands were given unto the Sheriffs that they should cause to be delivered unto Alice, who was the wife of John de Harwe, her free- bench of a certain tenement that belonged unto the aforesaid John, her husband, in London, in the parish of Saint Nicholas' Shambles ; of which tenement the aforesaid John had died seised. It being understood that the said Alice should have, for her free-bench, the lhall, and principal chamber, and the cellar beneath the said chamber in the said tenement ; as also, common easement in the kitchen, stable, common sewer, and -curtilage thereof. And the residue of the whole tenement aforesaid was to remain unto Joanna and Agnes, cousins and heirs of John aforesaid, etc.

Judgment against Usurers.

Ralph Cornwaille presented unto the Mayor and Aldermen a certain bill, in those words —

1 Most honourable Sirs, Mayor, Aldermen, and Commons of London, ' by way of plaint touching the horrible vice of usury assigned, shew<

Italph Cornwaille, — that shortly before the Feast of Saint in the nine-and-fortieth year of his lordship the King now

1 The word 'aim,' there it little doubt, it ' Court-yard, or back garden, anrrrorfur ••-'-- '

340 JVl" [B. in. Ft. in.

1 reigning, in the Parish of Saint Bartholomew the Little in the ' of ^radstret, he came unto John de Saint Mariemount and Aldebrande ' Gascoigne, a Lombard, Correctors, praying them to render him aid, in ' the way of lending twelve pounds until a certain day upon suffic • ' surety, [he] promising them a sufficient reward for their trouble. And ' they agreed so to do ; whereupon the same correctors went unto Walter ' Southous on the said business, and caused to be made an obligation in ' double the said amount unto the said "Walter Southous ; in the which the ' said Ralph, and John Tettesbury, skinner, were bound jointly and s. * rally in the whole of such sum.

' And then the said Ralph, expecting to have the said sum of twelve 1 pounds, comprised in the said writing, came unto the said "Walter ' Southous, and the said John Tettesbury with him, to receive payment of ' the said twelve pounds, comprised in the said writing, for the ' use of the said Ralph, and to seal such writing. At which time ' the said John de Saint Maryemount and Aldebrande delivered unto the ' said Ralph in the name of the said Walter Southous ten pounds in gold, ' and no more ; and said that he could not, and ought not, to have any 1 more at that time ; wherefore the said Ralph received the ten pounds in ' gold, and the said Ralph and John Tettesbury sealed the said obligation 1 as to twelve pounds, made in double that amount, by way of surety for ' the ten pounds aforesaid, to be paid on the arrival of the day appointed.

' And on the day for payment, came the said Ralph unto the said ' Walter, bringing his payment of ten pounds and demanding the oblijra- ' tion ; and the said Walter made answer to him that this he would not ' do, without he were paid twelve pounds. And because the said Ralph ' would not pay him forty shillings more than his debt amounted to, the ' said Walter sued him in the Court of one of the Sheriffs of London, to ' the wrong and great damage of the said Ralph.

'Wherefore, most honourable Sirs, forasmuch as you are ordain ' take judicial cognizance of offences in such cases committed, may it please ' you, for the love of God, to cause all the parties before-mentioned to * appear before you ; and to examine this matter and the answer made

1 Broad-street in the City. broker legally record bargains

3 ' correctour*.' A 'corrector' was a made.

4 th'Toum,., fur makj -.\-n the truth thereon, that so the horrible vice

' of usury by sm v not run its course.'

By reason of which bill, commands were given unto John Baldok, a

Mayor, to attach the aforesaid Walter, according to custom of i against the Wednesday then next ensuing, etc. The

same day [was named] unto Ralph aforesaid, etc. Upon which Wednesday, to say, before the Feast of the Conversion of Saint Paul January], in the year above-mentioned, the aforesaid serjeant made answer that the said Walter had been attached to appear here upon that day. And as well the aforesaid Walter as Ralph aforesaid in their proper persons appeared. And the aforesaid Walter demanded hearing of the bill aforesaid, etc. Which bill being then read, the said Ralph, for the b<

mding of his bill, said that he, Ralph aforesaid, in his necessity

it is to say, about the Feast ol he Archangel, in the

h year ot ign of King Edward, the Third [of that

name] since the Conquest, in the Parish of Saint Bartholomew the Little

\\rard of Bradstrete, in London, by the hands and mediation of one

John de Saint Mariemount and one Aldebrande Gascoigne, a Lombard,

brokers and correctors of such bargain, did obtain and borrow ten pounds

\ hich ten pounds the said Ralph, by

pro< >aid brokers or correctors, and by assent of the afore-

, was to have paid unto the use of the aforesaid \V ,-lve

pounds sterling, forty shillings, that is to say, for usury; [and] for wl pounds the aforesaid Ralph and one John Tettesbury, skinner, by reason an and accommodation aforesaid, became bound unto the aforesaid o sum of 24 pounds (double, that is to say, of a clear debt, as pounds), to bo paid at a certain time now past, and in the upon contained, etc.; whereas he the said Ralph did : .'said Walter, nor from the broken or correctors afore*, receive anything more th; n pounds af<>

said. A ne stud obligation contained,

aforesaid, and did repeatedly make to said Walter of the said ten pounds of him BO borrow, request that the s »unds he would receive, et

said Walter, asserting that the said Ralph owed him a clear debt of

ids, according to the form of his obligation made thereupon in double

JflKi.MKNT Af.Al.NM B0UBBR& [B.lil.rt.lil.

the amount, did wholly refuse to receive of the said Ralph the said ton pounds alone, without the said remaining forty shillings for usury, etc., and did peremptorily demand of him the twelve pounds aforesaid, etc. By reason of which non-payment the aforesaid Walter did prosecute and implead the said Ralph in the Court of the Sheriffs of London, and so did daily

Fol« 2*^6 A.

molest him, etc., and in every way by which he might did constrain him to pay the aforesaid forty shillings of usury, beyond the clear debt of ten pounds of him so borrowed. And that thus the said Walter did impose upon him the said Ralph this false usury, etc., to the grievous loss of the said Ralph, and contrary to the tenor of a certain Ordinance by the Mayor, and Aldermen, and Commonalty of the City, made thereon, etc. And thereupon he produced his ]suit, etc.

And the aforesaid Walter, in virtue of the liberties of the said city, protesting that he knew nought of any usury or matter alleged above, etc., said that the aforesaid contract, or bargain, was made through correctors, the brokers aforesaid, to the use and profit of one Bartholomew Boseham, a Lombard, and of the proper chattels and monies of the said Bartholomew ; without that the said Walter did [not], of himself or by the correctors aforesaid, make any contract or bargain with the before-named Ralph nor did in any way intermeddle therewith, nor have any property therein, nor did in any way pay any part thereof, etc. ; except that, at the request of the aforesaid Bartholomew, the obligation was made and delivered unto the said Walter, with the intention, that if the aforesaid Bartholomew, at the time for payment of the debt etc., should not be in the country, then the said Walter might be able to sue the said debtor at law etc., to the use of the said Bartholomew, in form above-mentioned, etc. : and this he was prepared to prove, etc., and he put himself upon the country, etc., and demanded judgment, etc.

And the aforesaid Ralph said that the bargain and contract before- mentioned were made by the said Walter of his own proper monies, with the intent of usuriously exacting from the said Ralph the said forty shillings for the loan of the said ten pounds; and that so the said Walter did make and complete the said contract of usury with the aforesaid Ralph, through the intervention and mediation of the said brokers or

;' i c. his witnesses.

ill.]

correctors, in form l.y ih- \}h above alleged: e was

l»n i and he put himself upon th< o. And

Therefore, commands were given unto the aforesaid John Baldok, serjeant of the Chamber, according to the custom of the C should summon the 'couniry from the parish and Ward aforesaid, and of, by the next Court, that is to say, by the Saturday then next ensuing, etc. And the same day was given unto the par etc. And the aforesaid Walter was bailed in the meantime by Ely as de •rpe and Bartholomew Boseham, [the same] to produce him upon the same day, etc. And so, the process was continued, etc., until the Saturday aforesaid, that is to say, the day after the Feast of the Conversion of Saint il [25 January], at the beginning of the fiftieth year of his lordship th« King aforesaid.

Upon which day the aforesaid Ralph in his proper person appeared, and

in like manner Walter aforesaid ; and the jurors who had been empanelli d

by the serjeant aforesaid did not appear. Therefore, by reason of default

on part of the jury, a day was given unto the parties aforesaid on the

Monday then next ensuing, etc. And commands were given unto the

serjeant aforesaid that he should distrain the said jurors against such

, etc. And the aforesaid Walter was again bailed by the same sun :

Upon which Monday, that is to say, the Monday before the Feast

ion of the Blessed Virgin Mary [2 February], in the

tin i« -th year above-mentioned, the parties aforesaid in their proper persons

appeared. And the jury aforesaid, so distrained according to the custom

in like manner appeared, namely, William atte Forde, .

Which jurors, being by assent of the parties tried and chosen, said upon

li.ih.it tin- bargain aforesaid, and such contract of usury, was con-

<l ami made by the aforesaid Walter, and by mediation of the said

n de Saint Marymount and Aldebrande, with the monies of the said

Walter, in behalf of the said Walter, [and] with the intent of usuriously

taking from the said Ralph the sai<l forty shillings for the loan of the said

pounds: usuriously to gain the which forty shillings, the said Wul did oftentimes itnplead the said Ralph, and did maliciously sue him

ft jury.

•'•H DECI.AHAIIUN A- I'M r<rKV. [B.m.Pt.in.

payment thereof, against the form of the Ordinance aforesaid, etc. And enquiry was made whether John de Saint Maryemount and Aldebrande Gascoigne, the Lombard, aforesaid, had acted as brokers and correctors of the same false bargain, and had been conscious of his said false purpose ; to which they said that so it was. Therefore it was awarded, that the aforesaid Walter should be committed to prison without mainprise, etc., until he should have made full restitution unto the aforesaid Ralph for such his loss in this behalf, and until ho should 1; released the said Ralph of all and every obligation and other instrument touching the said contract, etc. ; and also, until he should have paid a fine unto the Chamber of the Guildhall of London for his contempt, etc., that is to say, a sum equal to that which by usury he would have so falsely gained, if the said bargain had remained in force, acording to the form of the Ordinance aforesaid, etc.

A Declaration as to Usury.

' Whereas in the time of John Notte, formerly Mayor of London, by ' command of King Edward, grandsire of his lordship the King now reign- ' ing, in the eight-and-thirtieth year of his reign, an Ordinance, to put an ' end to usury and 2chevisance in the said city and the suburbs thereof, was

* made by the Mayor and Aldermen ; the which Ordinance is entered in the ' Chamber of the Guildhall of the said city, in Book G, folio 118. And ' whereas such Ordinance is too obscure, and it is not comprised or declared ' therein in especial what is usury or unlawful chevisance, Adam Bamme, ' 3Mayor, and the Aldermen, with the assent of the Commons of the said ' city, in the Guildhall assembled on the twelfth day of May, in the ' fourteenth year of the reign of King Richard the Second, with good ' advice and wise deliberation thereon, with the assent aforesaid, have ' ordained and declared these Articles as to usury and chevisance, in manner ' following, that is to say ; — if any person shall lend or put into the hands ' of any person gold or silver, to receive gain thereby, or a promise for

* certain without risk, such person shall have the punishment for usurers

* in the said Ordinance contained.

1 A. i>. 1303. • A.D. 1390 and 1396,

2 Extortion of illegal profits.

xir B

any man, denizen or foreigner, shall sell any merchan tin the same in his possession, or forthwith upon such sale shall buy

' back the said merchandize, to the loss of the buyer, for the same he shall

' be punished.

>d if any partners in trade, by covin before made, shall sell goods for

' the purposes of chevisance, and one of them shall sell the said goods, 1 the- other <»i forthwith upon such sale, shall buy them of him

o is so practised upon for a less price than that at which tin. y were at

' first sold, they shall have the same punishment. — Provided always, that any person shall be impeached upon any one of the points aforesaid, shall be able to acquit himself by his oath, with two good and lawful : sons not suspected of such default, without any Inquisition being

' taken thereon, as is contained in the former Ordinance aforesaid.

' And that no broker shall meddle with any manner of brokerage, if he

' be not admitted and sworn before the Mayor and Aldermen ; and that

' [such brokers] shall bring the vendor and buyer together, as in their oaths

' is more fully set forth. And in addition thereto, that every broker shall

* find K pledgee that he will not intermeddle to moke any bargain

r pain of paying one hundred pounds unto the Chamber, aa ' also of incurring the penalty in the aforesaid Ordinance contained. And any person shall know of any man, a denizen, doing the contrary of y one of the points aforesaid, he is to make the same known unto and Aldermen of the said city. And if the oiiondor be con- person so certifying shall have one fourth part of the his Iron

Writ of hi* lonk/iij) the King as to Broken.

I ward, by the grace of God, etc., to his well-beloved and trusty 4 'Ralph do Sandwich, his Warden of the City of London, greeting. ' u • MM B i itizena of London and others, we

* did understand for certain that all merchants whatsoever, coming unto the

ues for sale, had been wont, time out of mind, 1 to give for ouch • me sold by the brokers of the city

. , , , ' . * Fol. 227 A.

' aforesaid the sum of six pence for brokerage : and since t . the City A. D. 1285, and faun A. * 1287 to 1288.

346 BBGKBRA0E UPON WINES. [B. in. Pt. m.

' through certain persons, in the name of our well-beloved Gregory de ' Rokesle, asserting the contrary thereof, we did understand that such ' merchants had been wont from of old to give but two pence only for ' each tun of wine so sold ; and did thereupon heretofore command you, * that in nowise you should allow the brokers of wines in the city afore- ' said to receive and take for brokerage of any tun of wine so sold more than ' two pence ; we have now from you understood, that as well the aforesaid ' Gregory as other his fellow-citizens do assert that the [merchants] afore- ' said have been wont heretofore to give six pence for every tun of wine so 'sold: — We, desiring to be certified hereupon, do command you that, ' holding Inquisition hereupon, as well upon the oath of trustworthy ' persons of the city aforesaid as of foreign merchants and others not ' held suspected, at your own discretion, you do make it your care more ' fully to certify us as to the truth hereof at "Winchester, upon the morrow ' of the Nativity of the Blessed Mary [8 September] next ensuing. AVit- ' ness myself, at 1Aumbresbury, this 13th day of August, in the thirteenth ' year of our reign.'

Of [Brokerage upon] Wines.

' Inquisition made before Ralph de Sandwich, "Warden of the City of ' London, by precept of his lordship the King, on the Tuesday next alter ' the Feast of Saint Giles [1 September], in the thirteenth year of his ' reign, by Henry de Hareford, etc., sworn to certify his lordship the Kinur ' whether or not all merchants whatsoever coming unto the aforesaid city ' with wines for sale, have been wont, time out of mind, to give for eaeh ' tun of their wine so sold by the brokers of the city aforesaid, six pence ' for brokerage, or two pence.

' "Who eay, upon oath, that the said brokers never have been wont to ' receive for their brokerage, for each tun of wine by them sold in the said 4 city, less than six pence, nor the said merchants to give less. In t< -t iniony ' whereof, the jurors aforesaid have unto this Inquisition set their seal-.'

Of the Enrolment of Pleas of Huntings. 2[0n the Monday next after the Feast of Saint Matthias [24 Fehnu.n ,

1 Now Amesbury, iu Wiltshire. arc omitted in Liber Albus; but are reat«-i« «l

3 The portions here given within brackets from the Liber Cuatumarum, folio 53.

w.i.) PK.\«TU I IT OF II

in the tliirti- of King Edward, son of 1 n y, by

John le Iilount, ICayor of London, <n-<,HV. tone, William d-

William '"viie, William le Ma/eliner, Walter de Fiii<-hin<r

ml de Gloucestre, Adam de Fulham, John de Canterbury, Richer de

holas 1', iion de Paris, John de Vin fcfi . ll-.i^h P.. ;

M* rim 11, it was, with unanimous consent and assent agreed,

that tlic then Sh« riil-, in tin- vune manner as other Sheritis in times past,

as being in accordance with the custom of the City of London], should find

and mai ks to write and enrol all ])leas which in the Hustings of

don should happen to be pleaded, at the expense of the said Sheriffs.

And that on the morrow of every Court of Hustings all pleas should be

ted before t! r, Recorder, and four Aldermen. And that those

I which were [then] not enrolled, or were informally written or

•11« d, should in their presence be amended and enrolled; that so, all

is might justly and duly be kept for future times, etc.; to the end

unto parties before them impleaded, or to be impleaded, full right

lit be done.

Of giving judgment in the Hustings.

^On the Wednesday next after the Feast of the Annunciation of the

") March], in the year aforesaid, by the aforesaid Ma is RuBsel, and other Ald.-rmeii, it was agreed] that no judgment should 41 ven iii the Hustings before the Mayor and Aldermen should come i holding coni, n n« thereon; and then, in presence of six Aldermen at the least, according to an. i--nt usage.

in like manner, that in future no testament should be admitted to

probate, unless the seal of the testator should bo appended or set thereto.

i in like manner, unless both witnesses should be able to speak expressly

as to the seal of such testator, and should have full knowledge of such

s. .d.

'•rint iff* shall be alwys ready in Court.

f[On the Monday next after the Feast of Saint Edmund the King [20 November], in the sixth year of King Edward aforesaid, it was granted and

• BM ti..- pr-.-.i.,,.: N..t. . - IM Rot Ifto paf :;»<••.

348 PRACTICE IX THE SIIEHI . ill. CD. in. Pt. in.

in acted by all the Aldermen present at ^ivinj* judgment on such day], tliat the presence of persons making plaint by writ shall not be waited lor until a second day. But that it' they shall not appear on the first day, it shall be adjudged to be their default; [and] they shall be punished therefor, and shall not be heard on another day when wishing to cure such default, [unless] upon writ issued by the King. Saving always unto tenants, in the pleas aforesaid, their delays and absence until a second day, in manner as hath been wont. And this enactment has been made, because that demandants are wont maliciously to defer their business, to the very great impeding of the Court and the manifest detriment of the parties.

Fol. 227 B. Of tlie Rolls of the Sheriffs.

][On the Friday next after the Feast of Saint Martin [11 November], in winter, in the two-and-thirtieth year of the reign of King Edward aforesaid, by John le Blount, Mayor of London, John [de] Wengrave, William de Leyre, and other Aldermen, John de Lincolne and 2John de Paris, Sheriffs, it was ordained and enacted, by common assent], that all and singular the Sheriffs of London shall bring their rolls of all Pleas of Novel Disseisin and Mort d* Ancestor, holden in their time, at each Feast of Saint Michael on which they shall have been removed from their bailiwicks; and shall deliver the same unto the Chamberlain of the Guildhall, [there] to be 1 in behalf of such Sheriffs and the other citizens of London, etc.

That Aldermen shall be present at the holding of the Sheriffs' Court.

[On the Friday next after the Feast of Saint Gregory the Pope [12 March], in the four-and-thirtieth year of the reign of King Edward, son of King Henry, by John le Blount, Mayor of London, John de Wengrave, William de Leire, and other Aldermen, William Cosin and li« i^inald de Thunderle, Sheriffs, it was agreed and ordained, that whereas a remonstm and complaint had reached the aforesaid Mayor and Aldermen, and others, that the Sheriffs and their clerks did not enrol, or permit to be enrol the lawful exceptions or allegations of the pleaders and partii s, in the \>\ before them pleaded, according as the same were alleged and proposed ; but

1 See Note 2 to page 340. » Pr««j- •> linger.'

ATT 349

some part of sucli allegations and pleadings t • hey

i sure,] — riffs should not hold a Court,

n, [namely John do W- u de Leyre,

i or de Refham,] or three, or two, or one

•i>t, in number, should b< , etc. And that if any p;i

ild propound an exception or allegat rks

should be unwilling to receive or admit, the p:i same should

cause it to be briefed in a certain schedule, and deliver the same, so written,

-iid Aldi Tim-ii might be aMe to bear record thereof before the Mayor and his fellows, how and when, etc.

Of rn of Writ*.

Also, [upon the same Friday it was agreed and ordained,] that no Sheriff, iliff, should in futim return any writ in any way touching the , until he should have shown the same unto the Mayor lermcn aforesaid, or. the greater part of them ; and that by their counsel irn should be made, 01

/,* shall be obedient unto the Mayor, etc.

[In like manner also, seeing that many u the Commonalty

and riffs, through the disobedience, ignorance, and rebelliousness of

ks, and Serjeants, by the Mayor and Aldermen aforesaid, on

lay before-mentioned, it was agreed and ordained], that all Sheriffs,

ks, and Serjeants, as well of the Mayor [and] Sheriffs as of the

Commonalty, should be attentive and obedient to their superiors, in all

il and rightfully to be done. And that if tlu-y should not be

so, and should thereof bo lawfully convicted, they should from their office

be removed without recovery in future of the

Of attachment for Felony committed in a Foreign Com,

Thomas Sely [and] 1 Refham, Sheriffs of London, in the seven-

year of iig Edward, were attached on the

y next after the Feast of Saint Gregory the Pope [12 March], in the year above-mentioned, to appear before the Council of his lordship the King stminsti < \.uiuil aforesaid wherefore Alan de Cupil-

350 ATTACH MT.NT !'<>K FI!,»NV IN A InKIK.X MHV1Y. [B. in. Pt. in.

diche, of the County of Lincoln, had been attached in the City of London 1>\ the said Sheriffs.

Who said, that one William de Odyham had ^ipjM aKd the afon -aid Alan before the Coroner of London of the death of Walter de Odyham, his uncle, on the day of Saint James [25 July] at the Fair of 2Saint Hotolph by him slain, and had found sureties to prosecute him for felony ; and that accordingly they had attached and imprisoned Alan aforesaid, as was fully lawful for them to do, in such manner as in like cases their predecessors had done. By which Council of his lordship the King it was enjoined upon them, that they should bring the body of the aforesaid Alan before them on the Thursday next before the Annunciation of the Blessed Mary [25 March], in the year above-mentioned; and that there they should personally appear, together with the Mayor and Aldermen, to shew unto them if in any similar case before that time they had taken any person and imprisoned him.

Upon which day, the aforesaid Alan and the Sheriffs appeared ; and the Sheriffs aforesaid avowed that the said attachment was a lawful one, for that when one John de Zole was slain at Caxtone in the County of Huntingdon, the wife of the said John afterwards came to the City of London and found one 8Coke, William by name, and appealed him of the death of the said John ; who was thereupon taken and imprisoned, and put himself [upon the country] for good and for evil before Ralph de Sandwich. In like manner, one William de Assyngdone, for the death of Hugh de Milgas in the County of Essex.

In like manner, one William de Britemeristone, who was attached by a certain Serjeant of Sir John de Lacy for a certain felony committed in t he- County of Bedford ; * who was attached in the time of William de Farindone, and who escaped to the Abbey of Stratforde, was by Gregory de Rokesle brought back to prison ; and afterwards before the Justiciars put himself [upon the country] for good and for evil. In like in aimer, William de Belynge, who was taken for the death of John de Melelnrde in the County of Suffolk, at suit of the wife of the said John, in the City of

<»

1 /. e, accused. a trade here— that of a cook, —or only .1

* Or Boston (Botolph's Town) in Lincoln- name, shire, * The name IB omitted.

3 It is difficult to say whether this implies

;ars put himself [upon : it ry] for good

and i'nr evil, .

Wli by tli. f »t' liis lordship the King it was

idjudged, thai -u»-h attachment was a law! fliat there-

the aforesaid Alan knew aught to shew o -n that the afore-

>heriffs had done unto him, he was to shew the same. And the

aforesaid Alan knew nought for him to shew; v \o Sheriffs

aforesaid depart. (1 tlun« 'without day named, and Alan aforesaid on the

usuing put himself [upon the country] for good and for

evil, in pivsnuv of Kalph de Sandwich and Stephen de Gravoshende,

•< for [the delivery of] Newgate assign

Of Proof of T

*Also, [it was ordered] that on proof of testaments, if any person shall

hum iij>on probate of a testament, still, the probate of such testa-

-hall be admitted, pro\ ided the witnesses make deposition as to such

being the last u ill <»f the testator ; saving always to the claimant his right

iiallenge in respect of such testament.

Of Sequestration.

8 Also, that when sequestration has been made by a bailiff of the City

«-n of London for a debt due to t 1>\ barring up his

doors mi! ay, and such < Hows of such sequestration, but

apt as to making satisfaction and declines to become

amenaH' view of the neighbouring persons such sequestration

iy be removed, and the fastening opened and removed by

d lie may then perform his duty, and make duo extv

Of the Withdraw! of Goods.

4A1 !io one shall • - o summons to plead, according to the

usage of t . who U seen and proved to have removed and u ithdrawn

hia goods,. in deceit ••!' th«- demandant, and for the withholding and nulli- i# of the u him due, etc.

1 Repeated from page 107 tpMMgehMAlrMdjrbMiigira; tea 4 R0IW»ua from i»ge 107

WRITS OF ERROR. [B. in. IM. in.

Of Apprai*-

1 Also, that in all here men shall have appraised pledges, in the

Court of the Mayor [or] Sheriffs, or before the Chamberlain, such appraisers shall have the goods appraised for the price assessed, unless the demandant shall be willing to take them for the same price.

Petition as to Writs of Error.

A certain Petition was presented by the reputable men of London in the Parliament of his lordship the King, in the eighth year of his reign, in the words that follow : —

' To his lordship the King and to his Council, shew the good folks of the ' City of London : — That whereas where parties have pleaded before the * Mayor or Sheriffs of London, in their Courts, upon divers pleas, it of ten - ' times happens that when the plaintiff has proved his demand, be it never ' so rightfully, the defendant obtains a writ to have the record brought ' before the Mayor or before the Justiciars at some distant day assigned, ' and in the meantime order is made that execution be delayed. And ' then at the day so given unto him, the person who in such manner ' causes the record to be brought, causes himself to be essoined first with ' a common essoin, and then with an essoin of the King's service, and at ' last makes default. And then there is nothing else awarded, beyond that ' the judgment shall stand in full force, and the original complainant 1 ' execution ; while in the meantime the defendant has 2eloigned his go< ' as in case of debt, trespass, or covenant, in such manner that the original ' plaintiff cannot be relieved ; whereof they pray remedy. And that ' such essoins of those who shall cause such records so to be brought ' not from henceforth allowed, and that some speedy remedy be ordained in ' such cases, etc.'

To which Petition answer was thus made : —

' Let order be given unto the Mayor and Sheriffs of London, that in a ' case where a record is transmitted and execution of the first j; ' is surceased, the goods of the party against whom recovery is awardi d

' Repeated from page 108 ante. » Or « removed.

oir

'a>pt in s. ': In nit any n m<»\ |

' execution, in the event of judgment being given [to that effect], may in ' duo manner be done as to the su

By reason of which Petition [also], his lordship the King issued his in the words that follow : —

' Edward, by the grace of God King of England, Lord of Ir< ' Duke of Acquitaine, to the Mayor and Sheriffs of London, greeting. The M of our city aforesaid have entreated us, by their Petition in pre- ' sence of us and our Council exhibited, that whereas complainants in divers ' pleas before you, the Sheriffs aforesaid, in our Court at London 4 holden, by judgment duly given do recover their demand, the

ndant, oftentimes contriving how to put off the execution of ' such judgment, assert that some error has arisen in the record and in the >ccss thereon, although there has been no such error, and do then cause 4 such record and process to be brought before you in our full I listings of 4 the city aforesaid, and after that, sometimes, to be brought before our ' JuMiciars thereunto especially deputed, for the correction of such error, if • any : and the said parties defendant, pending such plea of error, the same 4 through divers subterfuges remaining long undiscussed, and ex«uti<>n of

meantime being delayed, do sell and dispose of

goods and chattels whirh they possess within the said city, and upon ' which execution of the fonnn judgment, if the same were confini ' ought to be made, that so execution may not be made thereupon ; ' result whereof is, the very great loss of the parties complainant, and the irding of such ex . and the nullifying <>f the judgment aforesaid,

4 — lwe will provide a fitting r< <>r. We, being desirous to

. all du.- juvrautions against such damnifications* and t i to

•txxxlingH so malicious, do command yon. that in all cases whore a pa • •ndant shall cause to be brought before you in th» id,

' or before any of our Justiciary t '

'correction of error, should any :<>r be found tin n in. and win-re

judgment shall bo withheld, in man:!, r before-

' stated, you shall so provide and ordain that all the goods and chattels of ' such pa 'thin your bailiu . shall, unto the amount

pendent on * hare entreated on that.* linw 8 and 9 «1

IM-TITION OF DOW IK. [B.Tii.rt. in.

' of the matter awarded and of [all] damages, amercements, and other like ' matters whatsoever, safely and scour. -ly. without any removal tin ' whatsoever pending such plea of error remaining- nndi^cussed, he kept. * To the end that execution of the former judgment therein, may, if the ' same shall be affirmed, in due manner be done as to the same. AV i t : ' myself at Westminster, this fourth day of June, in the eighth year of our ' reign.'

Qf Dower.

Thomas de 1Drokenifforde and Emma, his wife, demanded as against Alice, who was formerly the wife of John de Colcwelle, one third part of a messuage, with its appurtenances, in London, as dower of the said Emma, of the endowment of Richard de Enfelde, her late husband ; of which dowi r they had no part, etc.

And Alice aforesaid appeared, and she vouched to warranty thereon Thomas, the son and heir of John de Colewelle, who by aid of the Court of his lordship the King in the County of Middlesex, etc. A day was given unto the parties [to appear] before the Justiciars of the Bench of his lord- ship the King, at Westminster, on the morrow of the Purification of the Blessed Yirgin Mary [2 February], that proceedings might then he taken there according to the form of the Article of the Statute of Gloucester, for the citizens of London in that behalf corrected.

Afterwards, at the Court of Common Pleas holden at the T Fust ings of London on the Monday next before the Feast of Saint Mar-aret [20 July], in the sixth-and-twentieth year of the reign of King Kdward, the Third [of that name] since the Conquest, the aforesaid Thomas de Drokeniflonle and Emma, his wife, came and brought the record and process of the i>l« a between the parties aforesaid, holden before the Justiciars of the Bench of his lordship the King, in the words that follow : —

Record and process on the Writ of Dotn-r (i/»r-

' Thomas de Drokenifforde and Emma his wife have elsewhere, in the * King's Hustings at London, demanded as against Aliee. \\1><> was i<>r- ' merly the wife of John de Colewelle, one third part of a messuage, with

1 Tt seems not improbable that ' Drokenisforde ' is, in realr i. .-Ming of this

name.

PRO

' the appurtonan • -s i:i L >:i 1 >M, \vhi he yearly sum ol

>f one penny, as dower of the said

Min -i, of tin- endowment o rd de Enefelde, her late husband,

' Which Alice, at thesaid ; .-•«, vouched to warranty thereupon

;omas, the son and heir of John de Colewelle. These persons, ' having no land in the City of London, were summoned in the County of i Idlesex ; wherefore a day was given unto the parties, etc., before the ' Justiciars at this place, on the morrow, that is to say, of the Purification of i the five-and- twentieth year of the reign of his lord- ' ship the King of England now reigning. Upon which day the parties ' appeared, etc. And command was given unto the Sheriff of Middlesex ' to summon the aforesaid Thomas, son and heir of John, to be here with in ' one month after Easter Day then next ensuing. The same day, ! ' Upon which day, the said Thomas, the son of John, caused himself to be ' eesoined, for 2 illness on the way, as to the plea aforesaid, as against the ' aforesaid Thomas do Drokenifforde and Emma, and had a day therefor, ' upon his essoin, the morrow of Saint John the Baptist [24 June] then \t ensuing. The same day, etc. And upon such day he made default. Wherefore, commands were then given unto the Sheriff that he should ' tal la lordship the King land of the aforesaid Thomas,

* son of John, to the valtn -, Kr. And that a day, etc. And that he should ' summon him to be here present on the Octaves of Saint Martin [11 ' November] then next ensuing, at the prayer <»t the demandants, < ' The same day, etc. Upon which day the Sheriff made r- ;hat

Writ had arrived too late. Wherefore commands were given unto . as before, that he should take into the hand of his lord- tp i ho King land of the aforesaid Thomas, son of » the v«!

1 that he should summon him to be hero

DfW ..i' ili Blessed Mary tlun next

The same dn Upon which day, the Sheriff made

,rn. that tin \\ i a.l arrived too late, etc. Wherefore, commands

' were then, as oftentimes before, given unto the Sheriff that he should

4 take into the hand of his lor . King land of the aforesaid Thomas,

4 to the value, etc. And a day, etc. And that he should summon him to be

/. ft W.M ..'i\,'ll t- tl.. .-til. IV

run' WRIT UK 1)OV. tB.ni.rt.in.

4 here within one month after Easter Day then next ensuinp:, « tr. And it 1 was then told unto the attorney of the aforesaid Alice, that she must sue

* at her own peril, etc. The same day, etc. Upon v.hieli day, the nfoi

' Alice caused herself to be essoined as against the tt Thomas

* de Drokenifforde and Emma upon the plea aforesaid, and had a

* therefor, by her essoin, upon the present day, that is to say, the morn>\v ' of the Holy Baptist [24 June], etc. And because that the said Thomas, ' son of John, did not appear, and the Sheriff had not sent the Writ, com- ' mands were given unto the Sheriff, as oftentimes before, that he should ' take into the hands of his lordship the King land of the aforesaid

* Thomas, son of John, to the value, etc. And a day, etc. And that he ' should summon him to be here at the same time, etc. And the Sheriff now ' makes return that the Writ had arrived too late, etc. And neverth<

' now appear as well the aforesaid Thomas de Drokenifforde and Emma, as ' the aforesaid Alice, by their attorneys ; and in like manner, the aforesaid

* Thomas, son and heir of John, in his own person, upon summons, etc.,

* who made warranty unto the said Alice of the third part aforesaid.

* Therefore the suit aforesaid is to be remitted unto the Hustings aforesaid,

* before the Mayor and Sheriffs, etc., that there further proceedings may lie

* taken therein in such manner as heretofore of right has been wont to be ' done, etc.*

In virtue of which record and process, commands were given unto the Sheriff that he should re-summon Alice, who had been the wife of John de Colewelle, to be here present at the next Court of Common Pleas, to h< ar and receive what the Court should award upon the record and process aforesaid, etc. And the same day was given unto the aforesaid Thomas de Drokenifforde and Emma his wife, present in Court, etc.

Afterwards, procedure being held over between the parties afoi until the Court of Common Pleas holden on the Monday n ;• the

Feast of Saint Luke the Evangelist [18 October], in the six-and-twt ntiVth year of the reign of King Edward, the Third [of that name] since the Conquest, the aforesaid Thomas de Drokenifforde and Emma his wii'<- ap- peared, and the aforesaid Alice appeared in like mumxT. And Thomas aforesaid, son and heir of John de Colewelle, holding upon 1 nty,

gratuitously appeared, and restored unto the aforesaid Thomas and Emma her dower. And hereupon, after recital of the record and process had

mi: MVVUK n> ICIAR OP NEWGATE.

the parties aforesaid in the Court of hi- > the King,

iare above-mentioned, and 1 . the said Justiciars

. it was awarded that the aforesaid Thomas de Drokeniffbrdc and ua his wife should recover as against the aforesaid Alice, who had been the wife of John de Colewelle, one third part of the messuage aforesaid, as the dower of the said Emma, and that ilp said Alice should be amerced. And it was told by the Court unto the before-named Alice, that she must sue in the Court of his lordship

L», before the Justieiars of the Bench, to have of the land of aforesaid Thomas, son and heir of John de Colewelle, holding the same upon his warranty, in tlu> County of ICiddlesex, to the value of such « 1 part, if unto them it should seem expedient, etc.

Thai the Mayor shall be one of the Jmticiars of the Gaol of Nevgatc.

' The King unto his Treasurer and Barons of the Exchequer, g ' ing. Whereas we, as it is said, by our Charter have granted unto the

izens of our City of London, and their heirs and successors, citizens 1 of the said city, that the Mayor of t! ibresaid, for the time being,

1 shall bo one of the Justiciars for delivery <»f the Gaol of Newgate, 1 and shall bo named in every commission to bo made thereupon ; and

it the same citizens shall hav* ' Inian^thcf and chattels of felons as

* to all those who shall be adjudged before them within the liberties

* of the • rcsaid, and of all being of the liberty aforesaid who at

said gaol shall be adjudged, as in our said Charter is more fully ' contained : — We do command you that, upon seeing the Charter afore- ' said, if you shall find the said liberties, you shall, in such manner as shall ' bo just, allow the same unto the said citizens, according to the tenor 4 of the Charter aforesaid ; in no way molesting or aggrieving them ' against the ten i. Witness myself, at Westminster, this tenth

iary, in tin- yrar of our reign in England th and of

' our reign in France nineU •«

This Writ will be found in tin- r.xi-lu^urr of his lordship the K

the *Commu*ia of flu- 'IVrui of [Saint] Mu-hai-1, in the year of tin- to jag* 120 a*!*: N<«« 2. <

THAT OOlfBl LB1 i. 01 mi. i.r,\ I.K MI ALL NOT i AKI. ri;i- LOB. n.in.rt. m.

reign of King Edward, the Third [of that name] since the Conquest, thirty- two, under the Letter C.

That the Constable of the Tower shall not take 7V>

' Edward, by the grace of God King of England and France, and Lord ' of Ireland, to our well-beloved and trusty Robert de Morlee, Constable ' of our Tower of London, greeting. Whereas among other liberties unto

* our well-beloved citizens of our City of London by our Charter lately ' granted, it was granted unto them that the Constable of the Tower for

* the time being shall not make any Arises, by land or by water, of victuals ' or of any other things whatsoever belonging unto the men of the city ' aforesaid, or unto any other persons coming towards such city or going ' forth from the same ; nor shall seize, or in any manner cause to be seized, ' any vessels or boats, bringing victuals or other such goods unto the said ' city, or carrying the same away therefrom, as in the Charter aforesaid is ' more fully contained : and of late, from the widely-spread insinuations of ' our people of the said city, and of others, we have been given to under- ' stand, that you and your officers of the Tower aforesaid, not having ' regard unto our grant aforesaid, have of late on divers occasions by force ' and arms seized the vessels and boats as well of the men of the city afore- ' said as of others, laden with divers victuals and other things, while ' coming by water unto the city aforesaid from either side of the Bridge of ' such city, as well before as after they have come to anchor ; and that you ' do daily cause them to be seized under the like arrest, until such time as ' you have taken certain prises of the victuals found in such vessels and

* boats, or until certain pledges have been delivered unto you for payment ' of such prises, you of your own authority detaining the same ; as also, in 1 like manner, taking divers other prises of things and victuals unto the ' said city by land brought and carried, against the will of those to whom

* the same belong : by reason of which pretence, victuals and other v

' are daily made more dear there than usually they are, and merchants and

' others do withhold themselves from coming with any victuals or other

' things unto the city aforesaid, and there exposing the same for

'sale, altogether to the grievous loss and prejudice, and t<» the

1 Seizures on the King's behalf.

* in;.

I has bc.-n made unto us tliat \ve \vouM ajijily s ••; -ly.

id forasmuch as matters so pivjtidi- s and our p<

, nor ouglit, 1 behoves

4 tin- game; -\\V do command you, ; >m,

_r your servants aforesaid to desist from, the taking of prist-

y land brought or 1, or

iiid boats coming tint:

' and the taking from he • of any prises, or of any pledges for such

< >, nt' thin^> or victuals in such vessels and boats, you do on no account

; such deeds as aforesaid, or any of them, or inflict any injuries or

* losses upon persons so bringing such things and victuals unto t

' aforesaid or carrying away the same therefrom, or do allow the same by ' your people to be inflicted, contrary to the tenor of the Charter aforesaid. ' And if aught by you or yours shall in this behalf unrightfully be

. led or done, the same without >u are to cause to be restored unto

' those to whom l^mg, and such error in due manner to be

rrected, and amends without delay to be made for the same, that so no

' second complaint may come unto us thereupon, whereby we may be

i thw respect. \Yitness myself, at \Vestminster, this

i the year of oin in England thirty- three,

' and of our reign in France twen

Writ as to ti

vanl. by the grace of God, King of England, [and] Lord of Ireland

<1 Acijuitainr, to the Sheriffs of London, greeting. Whereas among

unto our well-beloved citizens of the city aforesaid by

granted, it was granted u he Const.

1 ol iforesaid ^hall not make any prises, by land or by water,

thin^ \\hutsoever belonging unto the men of

Arsons coining towards such city or

1 going i he same ; nor shall e< r cause to be

' seized, any vessels or boats, bringing r such goods \

' IM». M- th< game away therefrom, as in the Charter ui

IH paaugr in omitted in UM original by inn i

new BETWBSH MT:iH'HAMs or LONDON AND AM YAS I-:TC. [B.m.rt.ni.

* said is more fully contained; — We do command you, that you muse the 4 matt ITS before-mentioned publicly to be proclaimed and to b< 1 in ' the city aforesaid and in the suburbs thereof, in such manner as you

* shall deem expedient, according to the tenor of such our Charter aforesaid. ' Y\'ltness myself, at Westminster, this 28th day of February, in the thn •••- ' and-fortieth year of our reign.'

That no Freeman shall implcad another wthout the Libert it-.*.

1 It is ordained, that no freeman of the said eity shall implead any 1 freeman of the same city out of such city, for anything done within ' same city, where a person may have recovery before the Mayor and

* Sheriffs of the city aforesaid ; under pain of losing his freedom for ' ever, and of his body being committed to prison until he shall have paid

* a fine unto the said community; if he cannot reasonably shew before tin

* Mayor and Aldermen that the officers of the City have failed to do him < right/

Compori&m between the Merchants of London and of Amt/as, Corby,

and Neelle.

1 To all those who this writing indented shall see or hear, be it a matter ' known, that in the year of the Incarnation MCCXXXVII., the Monday ' before the Feast of Saint Luke, the fourth of the Ides of October, in the

* same month, in full Hustings of London, before Andrew Bokerelle, tin-

* then Mayor of London, John Tolosan and Gervaise le Cordwanere, the then

' Sheriffs of London, Richard Rengere, Ralph Asshewy, William

FoL 230 B.

' Joynier, John Vyel, Gerard Bat, Joce le Fitz-Piers, Robert le ' Fit z- John, Henry de Cokham, Jordan de Coventre, James le Blount, ' Waryn Fitz-Nichol, Ralph Sperlyng, Roger le Blount, Philip de L< ' Henry le Fitz- William, Robert de Basynge, Hamond du Chastelle, John ' de Woubourne, and John Wachere, then Chamberlain of London, and ' others [there] sitting, it was granted by the common counsel, and with ' the assent, of all the City of London, unto all the merchants of ]An ' of *Corbie, and of Nelc, and to their successors, burgesses of the

1 The old name of the city of Amiens. ties of wood were grown, and exports!

* Corhy - and Neele (now Ne«l<-), England,

were towna in 1'icardy, where great

...... in.] COV

' afores ; hises in; • hat is to say : —

4 that they iniirht lud and unload, and harbour, tin ir woad, garlic, and . within tin- City, without molestation, and might sell the same in 4 tin ( ity of London, aa well to strangers of the realm of England as to 4 riti/.ens of London. And that tlu-y ini^ht carry th«-ir merchandize out of 4 tin- City of London, in the kingdom of England, by land and by wa

•rv with, in such manner as they should see to be most

' advantageous. And also, it was granted unto the same, that they might

1 and unload, and harbour within the City of London, without moles-

' tation, all other their merchandize, wine and corn excepted, which they

have brought from the parts beyond sea, and might sell the same

' u: is, and not unto others, in the City : and might carry tho

' same out of the City, throughout the parts of England, to trade therewith

' as they might please, saving the right and due customs of the City. This

reservedly was granted unto them and unto their successors, to

' have the same for ever, rendering for the same each year unto the Sheriffs

1 of London fifty marks sterling, unto the ferm of the City, at three terms

'of . that is to say, at the Fairs of Saint Ives,

.UK! NVinelu -

nee, any one of the aforesaid merchants should not bo

lling to be judged in London by his companions of the towns aforesaid,

• the Sheriff} of London, upon the complaint of his companions, ought to

lain him until he should ha lied with the wishes of his com-

. And i the companions of the aforesaid merchants

i wish to keep hostel, and to receive his companions, it should bo

4 In : i in, provided he did not make stay beyond one whole year.

it should so h ' liirh might Qod forbid, that

nits of tho three towns aforesaid, by fortune of war or 1-y

Iship tho King, should not be able to make stay in

was agi >resaid merchants should be

' acquitted of pay HUM r so long a time as should bo wanting

y reason of [* m mdatoof his lordship

i g. Unreservedly, also, all merchandize that they migl i

woitU 'dtjbwv'owpnfatyaOT* • Meaning Barton, ntiute in the district of beneath.'

362 OOMPOSl \\ r.I'.N Ml.!;*!! \N i- <>K LONDON AND AMY \-. IK . 1J. in. rt. in.

' realm of England, they should be able, without molestation

' or disturbance, to load in London and carry to the parts beyond

' sea, in time of peace, (provisions and arms excepted,) if the Mayor and

' commonalty should not have especially the royal prohibition as to the

' merchandize aforesaid.

' And now for some time the merchants of the said towns, for certain ' causes, have withheld coming unto the said city with their merchandize, ' in manner as they were wont to do.

' And hereupon, certain merchants, attorneys and proctors of the mer- ' chants of the said city of Amyens, that is to say, John de Coquerelle, ' Colart Chamberlenc, John de Saint Fustien 1Fitz-Jadys, Robert de Saint ' Fustien, John de Turnoye the elder, and John Fitz-Jadys John le ' Monnere, frequenting the realm of England, and having sufficient power, ' for themselves and for all the merchants of the said city of Amyens, have ' come before the Mayor, and Aldermen, and Commonalty of the City of 4 London, and have amicably treated for enjoying the franchises aforesaid, ' and for enlarging certain franchises thereof, and for having others granted ' afresh.

' Upon which treaty it is agreed, at the request of the said merchants of ' Amyens, for the common profit and for the nurturing of love on the one ' side and on the other, that the merchants of Amyens and their successors ' shall have and enjoy all their ancient franchises, together with the

* franchises unto them newly granted ; that is to say, that the meters

* and brokers of woad shall be chosen by the merchants of London and of

* Amyens, who deal in the wares comprised in such composition, and shall 1 be presented unto the Mayor of London, and before him be sworn lawfully ' to do that which unto their offices pertains. And if any one of the ' said meters and brokers shall do aught against his oath, and shall

* thereof be attainted, he shall be ousted, and another chosen by the said ' merchants, and presented unto the Mayor in his place, and sworn in form ' aforesaid.

' And that if any one shall owe money unto the merchants of A i .

* for their said wares, and the same shall be witnessed before the Mayor by 4 the said brokers, or any of them, and the debtor be remo\ in- his goods,

1 This ia evitk-iitiv intunl« «1 for 1-ut cue

BETWEI LUTl* OF LONDON AND AMYA8, ETC. 363

Ml ic Mayor shall send a serjcant to place under arrest the goods of the

he amount of the debt, until the action shall have been set: ' according to the law of the City. And that for their wares bought for ' their own consumption, or for their use, together with such aa they ' may think proper to give away, they shall pay no custom. And that ' they shall be able peaceably to dwell within the said city, and to keep ' til- ir hostels, in due manner, in time of peace.

' And that they may have their assemblies, and treat as to their mer- ' chandize in a befitting manner, without any hindrance thereof. And ' that they shall be acquitted in the City of Murage and of Pavage so long ' as they shall pay the ferm aforesaid, unless it be Pavage before their own ' hostels : and that they shall be acquitted of Pontage by water, unless it ' be in case of raising and drawing the Bridge when their ships have to

* pass with their merchandize. And that no merchant of the three towns of

* Amyens, Corbie, and Nele, shall from henceforth be admitted to the fran- ' chise of London, unless he pay rateably his portion of the fcrm

1 unto the said merchants of Amyens for the merchandize which he

' shall bring in such composition comprised. And that no one of the City of

* London shall be partner with any of the merchants of the said three towns,

I shall colour their wares, whereby the King may lose his custom upon ' such wares, under pain of forfeiture of such wares; nor [thereby] shall 4 the merchants of Amyens be defrauded of their term. And that they

* may harbour corn and wines, and sell within the City unto folks of 4 the City, and unto all other folks, for their u<e, without any impediment ; ' provided always that the wines be sold in gross. And that if any stranger 4 shall buy the same for resale, the punishment for the same shall be 1 [inflicted] upon such strangers, and not upon the merchants of Amyens.

* Ami that they may deal with woad aa being among the tiling comprised

* in th<» composition. Ami that tli.-ii > may sell the wares of their 1 masters, and may buy, and make cl- B the said city and franchise ' of Ixmdon, in the same manner as their master* might do, if they thcm-

* selves were present And that every one who buys their woad shall

* have his rightful measure of woad, without t'urth. -r demand. And that,

it should so happen that the said merchants make default in paynu nt

•ma or MnranU.

364 COMPOSITION HF.TWF.r.N MT i:< II LNTB <>K LONDON AM) AMY L8, IK. B.ni.rt.iu.

' of their ferm, the Mayor shall not Attach the goods of such merchants 'beyond what shall suffice for the amount of the debt; and as to the ' surplus of such wares, they shall be allowed to make their profit thereon ' at their will. And that, by reason of the ferm aforesaid, no attachment ' of the goods of the said merchants shall be made, except in the realm of ' England only, and not elsewhere. And that wines, fruit, 2horn, silver, ' herrings, and horses, shall not be allowed to be seized, so long as suffic i< n* ' other things may be found, to the amount of the arrears of such ferm.

' And that merchants of Amyens, while passing through the City of 'London without making stay, with horses for their riding, and wliil. ' coming towards it, shall in no manner be arrested by reason of such ferm. ' And the said merchants of Amyens agree, that if it should chance to be ' necessary to sue for the ferm elsewhere than in the said city, the said ' merchants shall be bound to pay rateably such damages and expenses as ' they shall have caused by reason of such suit.

' The which franchises to have and to use in the said city of London, ' the aforesaid proctors of the merchants of Amyens, by virtue and power ' of their proxy aforesaid, have agreed, for themselves and .their successors ' for ever, to pay in each year, and to render the aforesaid ferm of fifty ' marks unto the Mayor of the City of London for the time being, or unto ' the Commonalty of the city before-mentioned, as follows, that is to say ; ' one half of the aforesaid fifty marks at the Purification of our Lady ' [2 February], and the other half at the Nativity of our Lady [8 Septem- ' ber] ; and that so far, the said merchants and their successors shall be ' acquitted for ever of the fifty marks comprised in the ancient composition ' above- written. The which ferm of fifty marks yearly well and lawfully t > ' pay in the City of London, in form aforesaid, the said merchants, attorneys ' and proctors of Amyens, for themselves and for all their merchants of tin ' said city, do bind themselves and each of them, for the whole, and all * their goods and wares, wheresoever the same may be found in the said city ' of London or elsewhere in the realm of England, the same to be seized, ' distrained, and held, by all officers whatsoever, within the franchise and ' without, their property excepted in manner aforesaid ; save always, if \

1 The word lachater' is an error f«>r ' >//- * The word *cor' may posaibly mean bark. tacher* or ' arrester,' }>i->l>ably the fo: .

7 MFRl'U

mi of fifty mark*, with all damages, costs, an-: -es, be fully

: 1, in manner before-: >-d.

' And all the matters aforesaid, as well on part of the Mayor, 'A I and Commonalty of of London, as on part

1 merchants of Amyens, w. 11 and lawfully to d<>, Ix-M, ' fulfil, the Mayor, AMernn-n, and Commonal: of London,

he part of this indenture to remain with the Mayor, }E.< ' and Commonalty of tin- rity of Amyens, have set < 'ommon

1 unto the part to remain with the Ma ' Commonalty of the said city of London, the Mayor, K<< ' Cominonal' .f Amyens have set their Common S

' together with the seals of the proctors and attorneys aforesaid, by vi r ' of the proxy brought l>y the said proctors and attorneys unto the Mayor ' and Comin >f London, for the purpos and

' ag; aforesaid. <ii\vn in lull Hustings of London, the Monday

« next before the Feast of Saint Margaret [20 July], this 18th day of the ' month of July, in the year of Grace MOOCX \\iin.'

I Between the Merchants • / ' ' . and Neelk.

1 To all those who these letters shall see or hear, the Mayor and Esc-1 'of of Amyens, greeting. Forasmuch as, at the request of the

mts of our place fre<i us of England, Scotland, and

bind, the King of France, our lord, has unto the said merchants, of

• his grace, granted that the menhants aforesaid, by the gi id more ' sufficient part of them, may make, ordain, and estahlMi, a proctor, pro- pursuer, who by himself, or 1>\ .i. Duties on his behalf, may

juiro into, pursu* lu causes and business of the -

nit*, and of each of t < auses and busi-

-s of the said merchants, and as • realms afore-

' said, and in each and c\< .nts before- name* 1

4 the ^renter, more » >< 'mve come before

1 us ; and av. ••mselves of such grace of • :, our said lord, unto

• tl .-on shewn, as before stated, have made, ordain. .1, and esta-

• MMi«l Andrew, called Andel hurgess, one of the merchants

thia country.

306 APPOINTMENT OF PHOCTOR BY MFR< 'II \NTS nF AMYAS F.TC. fB.ni.rt. m.

' aforesaid, to be their proctor, attorney, promoter, and pursuer, in and as

* to all their causes and business that they have or may have in the realms ' aforesaid, in whatever way the same may be. And in the first place, the ' persons so nominating as aforesaid are to have, fulfil, and hold as final

* and established all that which by the said proctor, or by his deputies, ' shall be as to the business aforesaid required, procured, done, credited, or ' in any other manner ordained, and that, by obligation binding upon all ' their goods. Be it known unto all, that after these things so done as ' aforesaid, the said Andrew in his proper person has come before us, and ' has acknowledged that he, as well in his own name as in the name of all ' the merchants aforesaid, has made, ordained, and established, [and] does ' make, ordain, and establish, by virtue of the power thereupon unto him ' by the merchants availing themselves of the said grace given, John de ' Cokerelle, Colart ^ambellenc, John de Saint Fustien Fitz-Jadys, Robert ' de Saint Fustien, John de Tournay, the elder, and John Fitz-Jadys ' John le Monnier, and each of them, his proctors, attorneys, promoters, ' and pursuers, to enquire into, expedite, prosecute, and maintain, as well 4 in his own name as in the name of all the merchants aforesaid, all I

' causes, and business, and to prosecute, enquire into, and bring the same to ' an end, either by way of treaty of composition or in such

Fol. 282 B.

* other way as shall seem unto them most profitable to be done, ' so as to bind such merchants, their goods, each of them, and the ' goods of each of them, in such manner as he, or one of them, shall ' see to conduce unto the most profitable result that can be brought ' about, to pay, at such day and term as they shall think proper, the ' sum or sums which [shall be agreed upon] by such treaties or com- ' positions as thereupon shall be made, at the place and unto the pc-rx-ns ' unto whom such payment ought to be made ; and generally, to do as much ' in all the matters aforesaid, and in so far as the same can or shall on him ' [or them] depend, as the person so nominating might have said and done, ' if he had been personally present. And further, the person so nomina ' as aforesaid has given unto the persons so nominated, and unto each of

* them, power and authority to sub-nominate one or more persons, in tin- ' name of them and of each and every of them, and to substitute the same ;

Previously calK.l '

••VEEN MA ^ I \ \ T* OF AM Y \ - .

' which person or persons are to have power to enquire into, proseo

said causes and business, [but] without making upon the same, compounding, or entering into any other obliga- 4 tion thereupon. And the said appointor, by name as above, doth, and 4 will, hold as firm and established all that which by the said nominees, or ' by the substitutes or substitute, shall be upon the matters aforesaid, and 4 each and every of them, Expedited, prosecuted, agreed, accorded, com- ' pounded, and ratified, according as unto each of them, in manner as is 4 above set forth, he shall have given power and authority to make requisi- 4 tion thereupon. And he will pay the * every six months,

4 according to the obligation before-stated. In witness of the matters afore- 4 said, we have sealed these letters with our seal for this purpose made, in ' the year of Grace MCOCXXXHI., the Saturday next after the 'First Sacra- 'mi

/ 'he Mayor am/ > n of London and the

Merchants of Amyax.

4 Be it a matter known unto all by this 1« tt« r indented, that we, the ' M;iy<>r ami Aid. mini <•{' tin- City <>i' London, have ^ranted unto the 4 merchants of Amyens, upon the treaty that has been made between us,

* the aforesaid Mayor and Aid. -rim -n, and John de Saint Fustien, proctor

* of all the merchants of Amyens frequenting the realm of England, in 4 this year of Grace MOOCXXXIIII., tin Monday next before [Saint] Margaret ' [20 July], — that whereas many times we, the Mayor of London, have 'writt.-n unto the inerehants of Amyens, Corbie, and Nele, that t

4 should come to take up their franchises which they were wont to have in ' the City «•: n, and also to make satisfaction unto those who have

* boon Mayors of the said city for the annual form of fifty marks ; to the ' which summonses no persons of Corbie or of Nele have come or appeared, 4 but only the merchants of Amyens, who have sumVicntly done their duty 4 therein. And forasmuch as they have made satisfaction unto us who 4 have heretofore been Mayors of the said city, both t.-r the arrears, to

4 amount of sixty marks, and for the great costs which they have caused in

l • » Fiitur Day, probably, w meant, which

tot Hate. M pra in tho original. WM called • 7V.ii*.

lilTWKT-XM \ynUor I .. i r \\T< OF \V V V<. B.m.Ptllf,

' the prosecution of this nt ; we have p'veii unto them all (lint.

' our rijrht to take from the merchants of Corbie and of X« lo the

* marks of our arrears aforesaid, of which they were bound to mak" ;

' ment unto us, and to levy the same through tho Mayor of London, for the 4 time being, so soon as any of their property may be found in the said city ' of London, and to convert it to the profit of such merchair ' Amyens. And therewith, we have promised unto the said m« T- ' chants, that at no time shall any of the aforesaid merchants of the said two ' towns, that is to say, Corby and Nele, enjoy the said franchises until : ' shall have made satisfaction unto the said merchants of Amyens for all

* their share of the ferm, for every year that they shall have made default in ' payment since the year of Grace 'MCCCXXXIII. ; and that therewith, they ' shall be bound in good letters unto the merchants of Amyens in pay unto ' them for ever their share of the ferm, in the same manner that the iner- ' chants of Amyens have done unto us, the Mayor of London; and that ' done, that they shall fully enjoy their franchises in the same manner as ' the merchants of Amyens shall do ; and that by them it shall bo

' unto us, by their letters, that they have made satisfaction therein. And

* this writing is enrolled in our Great Court of Hustings. In witness of ' which matter, we have set our Seal of the Mayoralty unto these present ' letters, which were made in the year of Grace MCOCXXXIIII., the Mon- ' day next before the Feast of Saint Margaret [20 July]. And John ' Coquerelle, proctor of the said merchants of Amyens, has unto the part of ' this indenture that remains in our hands set his seal/

JIV/Y of his lordship the King, granting Unit //// Taxor* of the Comity ,,/' Oxford should not assess il< U of London among tin ,n

' The Bang to his well-beloved and trusty William Merre, Adam d. ' Shobenhange, and Geoffrey de Padenham, for the assessment of tali.-. ' in our cities, boroughs, and demesnes, in the County of Oxford, assigned, ' greeting. Our citizens and merchants of our city of London have shewn ' unto us, that whereas certain of them do cause divers things and nier- ' chandize, unto them belonging, to be carried weekly from London unto ' Ilenleye, in the County aforesaid, there on market-days to he sold,

1 This date is evidently erroueoiw : pi..! 14 meant

• I for the purpose of trading t . ; und certain of them do

* buy divers things and uierehandi/e in the part .nto adja

' bring the same unto London, in order to make their profit t: and

cause to be hired from term to term small houses and places wi* ' said vill of Ilenleye, for storing as well the things and merchandize afore- ' said so brought thither, until tl. -ame, as the

4 things and me i m aforesaid there and in the said parts bought,

' until they may con .y carry away the same; and have no certain

' domiciles, lands, or tenements, in such place, nor do make any sojourn

* there, nor are in Lot and Scot with the men of the said vill;— \

heless do unjustly distrain them, the said citizens and merchants,

reason of such houses, places, and their things and merchandize so ' stored therein, to pay taDege there unto us therefor, just as though t ' had certain domiciles, and lands, and tenements in such place, and did ' make continuing sojourn therein, <>r were in Lot and Scot with the men ' aforesaid, to the no small loss and grievance of such citizens and i.

nits. And forasmuch as it is not consonant with right that our said

• izens and merchants should upon such grounds with the men aforesaid

' be tallaged, more especially as they throughout all our realm may freely

.rsue their trade, and are tallaged therefor with their iellow-c it izens in

' our city aforesaid, so often as it happens that any tallage is assessed upon

' the community of the said city : — \Ve do command you, ; do not,

grounds aforesaid, tallage such our citizens and merchants with the

n aforesaid, but allow them jx-a- • have exemption therefrom;

' provided always, that there exist no other reason why there they

-ht to be tallaged. Wit^-ss myself, at Wyn.lrx.iv, this ' 1 thirteenth d in the sixth year of our reign/

<d before (he Jutticiar* of the Bench; namely, Undo* thaJl not be taken without the C

Geoffrey, son of William de Say, was summoned to make answer unto

Joanna, formerly the wife of Geoffrey de Parya, and unto Ro- ant

and William executors of the testament of Geoffrey de Parys,

M to a plea that he should pay unto them eighteen pounds which from

v withhold. And as to the same, the said Joanna,

> Th«wonl •«'» evidently mnenor for' «*.'

B H

.n i: » OF LOSDOM v» \\THK.' m.rt. ui.

John de Stamforde, her attorney, said, that whereas William do Say, lather of the aforesaid Geoffrey de Say, who was his heir, did, l>y hi- writing in London, on Wednesday the Feast of Saint Ka; l'2Z

November], in the two-and- twentieth year of the reign oi' Kin^r K<!v, father of the King now reigning, hind himself [and] his heirs unto the aforesaid Geoffrey de Parys, deceased, in the sum of eighteen pounds afoiv- said, the said William did not during his life pay the said monies unto Geoffrey de Parys aforesaid; wherefore she, the said Joanna, execut etc., did oftentimes, after the death of the aforesaid Geoffrey de Parys and William, come to the aforesaid Geoffrey, the son and heir of William ai said, and did request him to pay unto her such debt ; and that the said Geoffrey had hitherto withheld the said debt and refused to pay the sa and did still so refuse. Whereby, as she averred, she had been d and had incurred loss to the value of twenty pounds. And as to the M she produced her suit, etc. And she made profert of the writing aforesaid which testified unto such debt, etc.

Also be it known, that the aforesaid Roger le Graunt and William, executors, etc., were heretofore, that is to say, fifteen days after the day of Saint Hillary [13 January], in the fourth year of the King now reigning, summoned to sue together with, etc., and did not appear. Wherefor was then adjudged that the aforesaid Joanna should sue without, etc.

And Geoffrey de Say, by John de Suthwerke, his attorney, made appear- ance to deny all force and injury when, etc. And he demanded that there should be shewn unto him the writing aforesaid, whereby etc. On inspecting which, he said that he, by reason of such writing, ought not to be bound in the debt aforesaid, as being the heir of William aforesaid, etc. For he said that such writing was not the act and deed of t ; said William, his father, etc. And as to the same he put himself upon the country ; and Joanna in like manner. Therefore, commands were ^ unto the Sheriffs, that they should make to appear here, fifteen days i the day of Saint Michael, twelve men, etc., by whom, etc. And neither, etc. For as well, etc. And be it known that the writing >•• said, so gainsaid, remained in the custody of John Bacone, clerk oi' 1 1.. Warden, etc., until, etc.

Afterwards, process being continued, etc., between the parties aforesaid, until fifteen days after the day of Saint Hillary [1-J January], in t lie sixth

,rcl now i

• same j ud no juror

. '.nilitfs M: fy of

London; and thrys;; <urt ougl

: 1. n that nil i ity the jury aforesaid

must U- taken, H<-. And forasnn

is here hi as to all

liber case aixi

tlu ir 1 vupon, the Justieiars named a day for

:ppear] at ! in London, wit hiu

n the Su: of

: uary] then next j. And then a jury was

. And the Mayor and Bailiffs were told, etc., that r mu- jurors of t lie jury aforesaid. And in

likr man n< T tlie party ( she must sue upon

rds, on ' lay aforesaid, thi ; appeared

like manner, jurors of ' aforesaid of

onscnt of the parties

chosen, befor \\Tio

said, upon t vsaid was the act and deed

of Geoffrey aforesaid; wh Id to ai ir judjrnn nt at t'. :i at

Weetmii:

Afterwards, aforesaid, the p;

it was a war ors aforesaid sin

recover aa OL ir damages, wliirli l.\

Ired shillings. And <-'.-offrey was amerced,

ig aforesaid was cant .-., and as c:> \\-as

Geoffrey aforesaid. images, one

hundivd

Ot n*e* and Eawmci

Also, it was ordained, tliat it' any person should 1« t unto any one tene- 1 The Sheriflb ; fmjuenUyio called in eariy .1 the Corn-market held

1 More generally known M • St Michael le

n u 2

;'.?'J OF rr.vninr •-; -. i PC., \M> <M OORJOM \i i n.in.rt.m.

incuts or houses in the City of London, or in the suburbs of such city, to be holden for the term of a life or of years, or from year to year, or from quarter to quarter ; and if such tenant should in the said tenements or houses make any pent-houses or other easements, and the same should by iron nails or pegs of wood be attached unto the timber of such tenement or house, it should not be lawful for such tenant, at the end of his term or at any other time, to pull down such pent-houses or easements ; but that the same shall always remain unto the owner of the soil, as parcel thereof.

Proclamation as to the Places ichere tJie Corndeakrs shall stand.

1 Let proclamation be made, that all those who bring corn or malt unto ' the City of London for sale, bring the same solely unto the markets in

* the said city for the sale thereof, at the places from of old used therefor, ' that is to say ; that those from the Counties of ^auntebrigge, Huntyn- ' done, Bedeforde, and those who come by Ware, bring all the corn and ' malt which they shall bring unto the said city for sale unto the Market ' upon the Pavement at 2Graschirche, and there stand for the purposes of ' sale, and nowhere else, without fraud or evil intent, and without placing

* or selling any thereof in secret places ; and that the same corn and malt ' be not mixed, in deceit of the people, under pain of forfeiture of the ' said corn and malt in the said condition, as to which any person shall be ' attainted.

' And that those who come from the parts towards the West of the said ' city, as from Barnet, and those who have to come by that way and by way ' of other places, bringing corn or malt unto the said city for sale, ln-in^- ' the same solely unto the Market upon the Pavement before the Friars ' Minors, in Newgate, and there stand for the purposes of sale, and nowhere ' else, without placing or selling any part thereof in secret; and that the ' same corn or malt be not mixed, in deceit of the people, under pain of ' forfeiture of the said corn and malt in the said condition, as to which any ' person shall be attainted/

1 Cambridge. tcechurck

«.u.j IMIM.I.M :iv.

; Unit no Citizen shnll

'

John de Cut one, of London, 1pcltorcr, was attached to make answer unto

Nicholas de Whittone, of London, pelterer, why by force and arms he took

imprisoned the said Nicholas at London, and other enormities, etc.,

to the grievous loss, etc., against tin peace, etc. And as to the same, the

said Nicholas in his proper person made complaint that the aforesaid

John, on the Friday next after the Feast of Saint Andrew the Apostle [30

November], in the sev< -nt« •« nth year of the King then reigning, by force

and arms, that is to say, with swords, bows, and arrows, did take the said

Nicholas at London, and did imprison him for eight weeks then next

.in.tr. Whereby, as he averred, he was damnified, and did sustain loss,

M \alue of one hundred pounds. And as to the same he produced his

rait,

And the aforesaid John appeared; and hereupon, the Mayor and Commonalty of f London appeared, hy XVilliam de Burgh,

'orney, and made demand thereupon of the 2Court of such Mayor and Commonalty. And they >aid fc] u l».-t\\r«n certain

persons, was allowed them here in this Com :ore in a like plea of

trespass, that is to say, in the thirteenth year of the King then reigning. And they made profert of a certain Charter of confirmation of his lordship the then reigning King, made unto the (iiixens of London, the date of which is at York, on the eighth day of June in the twelfth year of such tin n reigning King, which testified that his said lordship the King had inspected a certain Charter, which his lordship Henry, late King of

I inland, progenitor of him the then reigning King, had granted unto his citizens of London ; whereby his said lordship King Henry granted unto his said <iti/ens that no one of them should plead without the walls

1 .ondon in any plea except pleas as to tenures \\ iilmut, his

nione\er- and otlieei-s excepted ; u hit h ( 'hai ter ( .1' h is said lordship I\inur

II 1117, his said lordship the th iug King did, by his Charter of confirmation aforesaid, grant and confirm: in wind i it is also contained,

1 Or dunner. the word U 'cumm.'

1 This no doubt in the meaning ; though

•J7 1 IMIM.FADINC; <)! < WITHot I THK ( i TV. (B.m.I't.m.

that although they and their predecessors, citizens of the city aforesaid, might, through some accident arising, have not theretofore fully enjovi <l rertain of the liberties, acquittances, or free customs in the nfon-. i.l Charter of confirmation contained, still that they, the citizens, and their heirs and successors, citizens of the city aforesaid, might in future fully enjoy for ever, and make use of, such acquittances and free customs, and every of them, without impediment on part of the said King or his heirs, Justiciars, Escheators, Sheriffs, or other his Bailiffs or officers whom- soever.

And they said, that the aforesaid Mayor and Commonalty, and their predecessors, citizens of such city, from the time of making the Charter and confirmations aforesaid, had theretofore used and enjoyed such liberty. And they said, that such liberty had oftentimes been granted unto them in a like case ; in Easter Term, that is to say, in the thirteenth year of the then reigning King, Roll the First, between William de Sule, complainant, and Hugh de Waltham, clerk, in a Plea of Trespass; and in the same Roll, between Eustace Aldeyn of ^isynge, complainant, and Nicholas de Remham and Hamo le Barbour, in a Plea of Trespass. And after inspection of the Rolls of the term aforesaid, it was found that such liberty had unto the Mayor and Commonalty, as between the parties afore^ been allowed.

And hereupon, his lordship the King issued unto his Justiciars here sitting his Writ, in the words that follow : —

'Edward, by the grace of God, etc., unto our well-beloved and tn; ' Geoffrey le Scrope and his associates, our Justiciars for holding and ' assigning pleas before us [appointed], greeting. Whereas among other ' liberties unto the citizens of our city of London by the Charters of our ' progenitors, former Kings of England, granted, it has been granted unto ' them that no one of them shall plead without the walls of the City in ' any plea except pleas as to tenures without, our moneyers and officers ' excepted ; and we by Charter have confirmed such Charters, and have ' further granted unto the said citizens, for us and our heirs, that ' although they or their predecessors, citizens of the city aforesaid, ' may, through some accident arising, have not heretofore fully enj( 'certain of the I, acquittances, or free customs, in i ^aid

1 In N-.rfolk.

: i\.

' Charters contained, still that they, the citizens, and their heirs and •cessors, citizens of such city, may fully enjoy Biu-h liberties, acquit -

* tances, and free customs, and every of them, without impediment on part ' of us or of our heirs, or of our officers whomsoever ; as in our Cha:

;s more fully set forth: — We do command you that, without ' any impediment thereto, you do allow the citizens aforesaid to use

re you the liberties aforesaid as to trespasses and other 'like perpetrated within the city aforesaid, according to the tenor of the

* Charters, and confirmation and grant aforesaid, in no way, contrary to

.of, molesting or aggrieving the same. \Vitness myself, at < 'stnunster, this fifth day of May, in the seventeenth year of our reign.' •r and Commonalty were to have their liberties in, etc.

And hereupon, the said Mayor and Commonalty, by their attorney afore- said, appointed a day for the parties aforesaid in the Guildhall of London. Monday next before the Feast of our Lord's Ascension. And it was fold must do speedy justice unto the parties, for that otherwise re to return, •

Allowance of (Ii< /,//„ /•/// nf>-,r<

h de Gartone, John Some re, II. m\ < 1.. \ ni. Bunco H uwce, apprentice 'Haubergere, and Robert lo Goldl> > be

reed. The said Hugh and others were attached to make answ uas de "Cantebrugge and Alice, his wife, in a plea as to why tl tog< h Nicholas le Clerk, gir<i I John de Stayntone, did by

• and arms break into the house of the said Alii-. . in London, and take carry away goods and chattels there found, and ot MM it it -s, .

n loss, etc., and against the peace, etc.

inas de Cantebrugge and Alice, by Richer niey, made complaint that the aforesaid Hugh and others, Wednesday i Feast of Saint John the Bap

• •], in th- h year of the King then rri^nin^-. ree and

arm -words, that is to say roko into the house of the said

1 liu|"\ mg a 'm*kor of hjuilterkft/or <xmU xlga.

376 WO \Tr.\I\I OF 'Mir VI 111)1(1 01 \ LONDON Jl K> . ID. m.I't. m.

Alice, in London, and took and carried away her goods and chattels there found, ^cketouns, that is to say, 2jambieres, 8habergeons, ll>;i->. -IK -N. and other goods, etc., to the value of two hundred pounds; and wheivl»y. as she said, she was damnified, and had sustained loss, to the value of two hundivd pounds ; and as to the same she produced her suit.

And the aforesaid Hugh and others, by William Faunt, their attorney, appeared, and denied all force and injury when, etc. And hereupon, ap- peared the Mayor and Commonalty of the City of London by Walter de Burgh, their attorney, and demanded their liberty therein. And forasmuch as the said liberty in a like case had been oftentimes here in Court allowed them, therefore they were to have their liberty therein. And the said Mayor and Commonalty, by their attorney aforesaid, appointed as a day for the parties at the Guildhall of London, the Monday next before the Feast of our Lord's Ascension. And it was told them, that they must do speedy justice unto the parties, for that otherwise they were to return, etc.

The Liberty that Attaint does not lie in London.

Command was given unto the Sheriff, as heretofore, that he should

summon, by good summoners, four-and-twenty lawful knights of the venue

of London, to be here present upon such a day, fifteen days, that is to say,

from the day of Saint Martin [11 November], prepared upon oath to make

recognizance, in case they should be sworn, by what persons a certain

Inquisition, which was lately summoned before the King, and

afterwards before the King's well - beloved and trusty Robert

narde, one of the King's Justiciars for holding and assigning \>

before the King, and Hamo de Chigwelle and Nicholas de Farndone, then

Aldermen of the City of London, with the said Robert associated tin refer,

was taken at Saint Martin's le Grand in London, according to the liberty

unto the citizens of that city by us lately granted, between Ri< -hard le

6Chaucer of London and Mary his wife, and Geoffrey Stace, Agnes, \vlm irai

formerly the wife of Walter de Westhale, Thomas Stace, and Lain*

1 Quilted leather jackets, worn under coats 4 Light helmets.

of mail. ' The same person, a benefactor t<> AM. r-

* Armour for the legs. mary Church, \vln.m Sfc.ve (8un*y) supposes

3 Breastplates of mail, or of leather. to have been father of the j>oet Ch.u

.i] \ ] QHDOi Ji KY.

^effreyesman Stace, as to a certain trespass upon the said ft it-hard and

Mary by the aforesaid Geoffrey, Agnes, Thomas, and Laurence committed,

as it was alleged ; [and] as to whether or not they hud made a false oath,

as the .-aid ( M-«,tiV<-\ , ^ri«-\nu-ly enmplaininL'. unto u- hath >he\vn. And

in tin- nuantini. -uld diligently enquire who were the jurors

of the said Inquest, and produce them before the King at the time

aforesaid. And that hy good summoners they should summon the aforesaid

; Mary thm to be here present, etc., to hear such recogni-

zance, etc.

And tli« Sheriff-, Simon Fraunceys and Henry de Combe Martin, made rn as follows : —

cording to the liberties and ancient customs of the City of London • no Attaint ought to be taken upon the eiti/eiis of the city aforesaid as to ' any matter ari-ing within the city aforesaid; wherefore, without offc ' to the liberties and customs aforesaid, we have not been able to make any ' execution of MR -h \V

And now there appeared as well the aforesaid Geoffrey Stace, by William dc Braunforde, his attorney, as the aforesaid Richard and Mary, by the attonn \ «.f the said Mary, etc.

And ln-ivM]H»n, his lordship the King issued unto the Justiciars hero [Hitting] his Close Writ, in the words that follow : —

\vard, by the grace of God, etc., to his well-beloved and trusty ' Geoffrey le Scrope and his associates, Justiciars to hold pleadings before us 1 assigned, greeting. Whereas among other liberties which we have ' granted unto our well-beloved the Mayor and citizens of our city of 1 London, we have granted unto the same that they, and their heirs and 1 successors, shall have th. it lil.< rties and their free customs, and shall use • m in such manner as from of old they have been wont to use the same ; ' and that they may record their liberties and free customs before us, our ' Justiciars, and other our officers whomsoever, in Such manner as lx 'the It. ii by the .Iu-ti«-j;ir- ,.f hi ! d ward, late King of

tajd Itinerant ut the Tower of London, they

• Tb«f» b, probably, MM «nor hat* in the angularity ofcto naaa.

the tranacript from the official document ; a « Sherifia A.D. 1889.

double Chriftian name aft this penod waa a » /. *. orally, and not in writing.

thing probably ituhrAnl -f. t*. My nothing of ' /. ,. in the 14th year of KU-anl II.

378 NO \ NIK VI'.HDK T 01 \ LONDON .IfllY. Hm.Pt.m.

* wont to do ; and notwithstanding that tlic said citi/ens in the Iter aforesaid ' were molested as to such manner of record, and the enjoyment of tlu'ir 'liberties and free customs aforesaid; as also, notwithstanding certain ' statute judgments to the contrary given and promulgated : — AN

' command you that, without making any difficulty thereon, you do admit ' them to the enjoyment of the liberties and free customs which the said ' Mayor and citizens shall before us have recorded, in all pleas and suits ' moved or to be moved, touching such city or the citizens thereof; and ' that upon such record you do permit them to use and enjoy such their

* liberties and free customs. Witness myself, at New Sarum, this twenty- ' eighth day of October, in the second year of our reign/

By reason of which Writ, commands were given unto the Sheriffs, that they should cause to appear before the King, upon the Octaves of Saint Hillary [13 January], wheresoever, etc., the Mayor and citizens of the city aforesaid, there to shew what liberties and free customs the said Mayor and citizens, and their predecessors, had in such pleas been wont to use ; and then to record before the King such their liberties and customs, accord- ing to the tenor of the Writ aforesaid ; and to do and receive what the Court, etc. The same day was given as well to the aforesaid Geoffrey Stace, by William de Braunforde, his attorney, as to Richard and Mary aforesaid, by the attorney of the said Mary, in the same state in which now, etc.

Upon which day, appeared as well the aforesaid Geoffrey as Richard and Mary aforesaid, by their attorneys. And the Sheriffs had done nothing therein, nor such Writ, etc. Therefore, as heretofore, commands were given unto the Sheriffs, that they should make to appear before the King, at t lie end of three weeks from Easter Day, wheresoever, etc., the Mayor and citizens of the city aforesaid, to shew what liberties and free customs the said Mayor and citizens, and their predecessors, had in such pleas been wont to use ; and then to record before the King such their liberties and customs, according to the tenor of the Writ aforesaid ; and to do and receive, etc. The same day was given as well to the aforesaid Geoffrey [etc.] as to Richard and Mary aforesaid, etc.

Upon which day, appeared the aforesaid Geoffrey Stace, by Roger de Brussele, his attorney; and in like manner, the aforesaid Richard and Mary, by their attorney aforesaid; as also the M. - of the

i the sai 1 M

unto the (' 't liberties and free customs the said

;• ancestors and predecess< in such \

record such liberties and free cust A ing's mandate afores

Wh i egory de Nortone, Recorder of tli

• said, (lid r< said Mayor and ritixens,

; been wont to hu \ . a respite, that is to say, of l'«

the meantime might more carefully and more pi u-

;< in a like case should be

>o a respite was demanded of forty days for making their record

LMMft. Therefore a day was giv a [to appear] tx ;

Kiii_ur, a; I of fourteen days from the day of Saint John the

June], whereseover, etc., and then the same matters were to be

recorded. The same day was given to the aforesaid Geoffrey Stace, as also

;n Bank.

i which day appeared before the King, at Westminster, the afore-

ace, by Roger de Brussele, his y ; also Richard and

• ircsaid, by the attorney of the said Mary ; and also, the Ma

I aforesaid. And it was told unto the said Mayor and

y must record tl >o customs which in smh

rora of old had been wont to use, according to the tenor of

•LJ'S mandate aforesaid. Mayor a vns said, that in

>y the progenitor of his lord-

^ it was granted >f London should have all its

c custon paired; and that before the Statun

in Write of Trespass, at Westminster, in the time of King now reigning. enacted, there lay no Writ

.: to law, etc., aa to trespass. V

istoms of

free customs, frou ved,

ought not i<> )><- t-l.an-' • ro were express mem

made there< aforesaid. As to tl b they recorded,

had been taken by 011 1 -to any

Mich jury ougli! .'hi'id ; a placed .u, and n

NO \IT\IV1 <>r IHK YKRniCT OF A I.o\I><>\ JfUY. [B. m. Ft. m.

of old had been wont to be placed therein, for ever to endure : without this that no Attaint ought as to such jurors, citizens of the said city, in such picas, by any Writ of Attaint to be taken, or had been wont to be taken, or ever had been taken. And they demanded that the Justu -lars In re sitting should permit the said citizens to use such liberty and free custom, by them so recorded, in the jury aforesaid taken upon oath of their fellow-citizens ; seeing that the trespass aforesaid was committed, as already mentioned, upon Richard and Mary before-named, their fellow- citizens, within the city aforesaid.

And Adam de Fyncham, who prosecuted for his lordship the King, said that the Mayor and citizens aforesaid ought not in the present case to be admitted to make such a record as this ; for he said, that every liberty and free custom ought to be understood and proved by the use of the same affirmatively, and not by its disuse ; and that whereas the said Mayor and citizens recorded that in such pleas no Attaint ought, or had been wont, to be taken as to a jury of citizens of the city aforesaid upon any matter arising within the said city, the same would imply a disuse rather than a custom or franchise. And he demanded judgment for his lordship the King. And he further said, in behalf of his lordship the King, that oftentim. - theretofore, as well before the time of the Iter aforesaid as since, many Writs of Attaint had been sued at the suit of parties, as well here in Court as before the Justiciars of the Bench, against citizens of the city aforesaid, as to matters arising within the said city, where the Sheriffs of the same city had in due manner made execution of such Writs, and had in their panels returned the names as well of the four-and-twenty jurors as of the first jury of jurors, etc. Wherefore, he demanded judgment for his lordship the King, etc.

And because his lordship the King, by his Writ aforesaid, did dis- tinctly command that the Justiciars here [sitting] should, without making any difficulty, admit them in all pleas and suits, moved and to be moved, touching such city and the citizens thereof, unto the liberties and live customs which the said Mayor and citizens should before the Kin^ have recorded, and should also permit them upon such record to use and enjoy such liberties and free customs; — it was therefore told unto the •! said attorney of the before-named Geoffrey Stace, that lie must make the said Geoffrey, his principal, appear before tin- Kin^. at the end of Iburte. n

OF A LONDON Ji

10 day of Saint Michael, wheresoever [etc.], in his own proper person, upon peril thereunto pertaining. And that then should be <l that which rightfully, etc. And the same day was given unto the aforesaid Richard and Mary IH-IV in Bank, etc.

Afterwards appeared as well the aforesaid Geoffrey, in his own proper person, as the aforesaid Richard and Mary, by the attorney of the said hard ; and in like manner the Mayor and citizens, by their attorney. And the aforesaid Geoffrey, being questioned by the Justiciars if he knew aught to say why the Mayor and citizens aforesaid ought not to use and enjoy the liberty and free custom aforesaid, said that heretofore, as well before the time of the Iter aforesaid as since, many Writs of Attaint had been obtained, and at the suit of parties sued, as well here in Court [as] before the Justiciars of the Bench, against citizens of the city aforesaid, as to matters arising within the same city, where the Sheriffs of the said city had in due manner made execution of such Writs, etc. Wherefore, he demanded judgment, etc.

And forasmuch as the aforesaid Geoffrey did not shew unto the Court that any Attaint was ever taken in the city aforesaid as to a jury of citizens of the said city, and his lordship the King by his Writ commanded the Justiciars here [sitting] that they should admit the Mayor and citizens to record before them their liberties and free customs, [and] to use and y all th<- liberties and customs which they should have recorded before them, in all pleas [and] suits, moved and to be moved, touching such rity nr citi/ens; and the said Mayor and citizens recorded that n«> .int was ever taken as to a jury of citizens of the said city, upon any . r ari>inu: within the said city ; — it was therefore adjudged, tint the aforesaid Geoffrey should take nothing for such Attaint, Imt tint th« s ai«l At taint should be wholly annulled.

And because the said Geoffrey, upon a certain Writ of Trespass whi. -h the aforesaid Richard and Mary brought hero in Court against the said Geoffrey, and as to which \\ "rit the said Geoffrey, now proffering such

int, was convicted of trespass committed against the King's peace, * as set forth in the Term of Saint Hillary, in the nineteenth year of the reign of the father of the King now reigning, Rull XIII. ;— it was there- fore [adjudged] that the suid Geoffrey should be committed unto the Mflff^ftl until

382 INQI .-MA VfiraiB rv. [u.m.i't. m.

Writ for the -1 I at at the Vill of Northampton.

' The King to the Sheriffs of London, greeting. We do command you, 4 that you cause to appear before our Justiciars Itinerant at Northampton, ' at the end of fourteen days after Easter Day, twelve men, as well knights ' as other free and lawful men of the venue of London, through whom the

* truth of the matter may best be known, and who shall be by no affinity ' connected with either Master John Clarelle or Isabella de Aldewyncle, to

* make recognizance, upon their oath, if a certain writing of acquittance

* which the same Isabella has produced in our Court before our Justiciars at ' Northampton aforesaid, under the name of Master John aforesaid, is the ' deed of the said Master John, as she the said Isabella avers, or not, as ' Master John aforesaid avers. For as well the said Master John, as the said ' Isabella, between whom there is a contention thereon, have put themst !

' upon such jury. And you are to have there the names of the jurors and ' this Writ. Witness G. le Scrope, at Northampton, this 24th day of ' February, in the fourth year of our reign.'

Return of the same.

* According to the franchise of the City of London, all Inquisitions to be ' taken by the Justiciars and other officers of his lordship the King as to ' men of the city aforesaid, ought to be taken at Saint Martin's le Grand ' in London, and not elsewhere, except Inquisitions to be taken at Iters ' holden at the Tower of London and for delivery of the Gaol of Newgate. ' Wherefore, without offence to the franchise aforesaid, we have been ' able to do nothing as to execution of the said Writ.'

Writ for tlic Escheator to make enquiry as to tenements.

1 Richard de Clare, Escheator of his lordship the King on this side ' Trent, to his well-beloved, the Sheriffs of London, greeting. We 1, ' received a mandate of his lordship the King, in words as follow : —

* " Edward, etc., to his well- beloved clerk, Master Richard de Clare, his ' " Escheator beyond Trent, greeting. On behalf of William do Walt ham, ' " citizen of London, by petition made before us and our Council in

' " our present Parliament holden at York, it has been shewn unto us that

mr. ;»s:>

>ort, late citizen of London, deceased, did by his

vise certain tenements of his which in the same city he

' " had purchased, to find a certain chaplain, for ever to celebrate divine

* " service for the soul of the said John and for the souls of all tin- faithful ' " deceased, in the church of the Blessed Mary of Aldermarieohirche ; and ' " to do the same did appoint certain executors, John Paas, to wit, and ' " Silvester le Cordewanere ; and afterwards, as it is said, such executors

<lul malevolently refuse to prove the will aforesaid, in the Guildhall of

* " London, according to the custom of the city aforesaid, lest by reason of 1 " their so doing they might bo compelled to find such Chantry, in accord- ' " ance with the will of the deceased; and did wholly withhold the

* " Chantry aforesaid, and did appropriate unto themselves the said t<

•nts, contrary to the will of the testator ; Robert, late Arch

4 • bishop of Canterbury, of happy memory, personally availing

' " himself of the Deanery of the Arches in London, which is of his

xi nipt jurisdiction, ftnd understanding the matters before stated, and

4 " desiring that the will of the aforesaid John de Export should be

ul tilled as to the maintenance of the Chantry aforesaid, did, in default

xecutors, commit the administration of the rents from the said

nients arising unto the aforesaid William de Waltham, for the

founding of such Chantry ; which William did for a long time maintain

' " such Chantry, and by reason of the commission above-mentioned

* " receive the issues aforesaid. And whereas :its aforesaid are ' " [now], against justice, occupied by <»tiu r persons, and such tenements

ought to pertain unto ourselves, seeing that the will aforesaid was not

d in tlu* said Guildhall, in conformity with the custom of the city

said, as also because the said John died without heirs, and all the

" executors of his testament are now deceased ; — we do wish, for pious

' " considerations, to grant untn the aforesaid William the tenements

aforesaid, for the maintenance for ever of the Chantry aforesaid there-

lereforo, as to the premisses desiring to be further informed,

and as to whether those tenements are in lour hand or in that of

'iid if in our hand, then for what reason, how, and wherefore,

and how much the same are worth each year in all the issues thereof,

" and where such tenements are situate, — do command you that, by oath

I A \MIN MION OF JUROK- IN \»M/I>. •.!«.

* " of reputable men of your luiiliwirk, through whom the truth of the ' " matter may be best known, you do make diligent inquisition as to the ' " premisses, and without delay do place the same distinctly and clearly ' " before us, under your seals, and the seals of those by whom the same ' " shall be made. And also, let this Writ be sent. Witness myself, at ' " York, this twelfth day of June, in the twelfth year of our reign."

' Wherefore we do command you, on behalf of his lordship the King, ' that you do cause to come before us, at the church of the Blessed Mary ' of Aldermariechirche, on the Sunday next after the Feast of Saint James ' the Apostle [25 July], eighteen good and lawful men of the Ward of ' Cordewanerestrete, fully to make inquisition upon their oath as to the truth ' of all the premisses, according to the tenor of the royal mandate above- ' mentioned. And you are to have there the names of those whom you ' shall so cause to appear, as also this Writ. Given at London, this twentv- ' third day of July, in the thirteenth year of the King above-mentioned.'

[Return of the Sheriffs oft/te City of London.]

1 The franchise of the City of London, according to ancient custom of the ' city aforesaid, does not allow that an Escheator, in the case in this Writ ' contained, shall exercise his office within the liberties of such city. ' Therefore we have been able to do nothing as to execution of this Writ.'

Of the Examination of Jurors in Assizes.

' Also, it was ordained and granted that, for avoiding great and number-

* less perils in future times, seeing that many persons of late, pretending ' that they have a right in the tenements of divers persons, although tin y ' have no such right, do intrude themselves into such tenements, and this, ' although the tenants of such tenements, or their feoffors, have for many ' years had peaceable seisin of such tenements. And that whereas such ' intruders who have been recently ejected, have made plaint of Intni>ii.n ' in the Hustings before the Mayor and Aldermen, asserting that they ' have been disseised, that so before the Sheriffs and Coroner holding j.!

f of Assize, by men unto such Assizes before the Sheriffs summoned, such ' tenements might by process of simple Intrusion by them be recovered. ' And when perchance such parties have pleaded at the Assize, and such

pt*'"J NOTICES OF 1 385

has to be held, <>: , the jurors of such Assi>-

' so\ • them l.y i-n ran. o and some by false dealing, ft]

' such rump!

— such jurors shall in l>e examined as

' to the whole ol hall be necessary, and as to how

' such intruders claim to have a standing in such :its, that so

' truth as to the same may be clearly known, etc. And that such exami- ' nation shall be made on the d Pleas of Intrusion are held, in

' presence of the Mayor, if he can or will be present, or in presence of four, ' three, or two Aldermen, at ho may as to such examination bear

' witness. And in like manner it must be done in Great Assizes, if neces- ' sary, where certain persons demand tenements or rents of their own ' seisin, and the tenants of such its or rents, or their ancestors or

offers, have for a long time held such tenements.'

Of the Notice of lenax

\ ho shall have hired any land or lands, :om deni/eii or from foreigner, within the franchise of the < 'hout holding ]s]» tor a term certain or for t<

of life, and who shall be wishful to be quit of the same, it the n-nt be 1088 than forty shillings per annum, shall e unto the landlord one

(ju:i ; hat if the amount of the rent extend beyond

illin^s per annum, the landlord shall receive notice one half year And if Mail fail in giving such notices, then he shall

be held liable unto the landlord for the rent of one qua i according to the amount of as aforesaid ; or otherwise he

shall landlord a sulli'-i. it for such terms.

. the landlord shall give the same I ', at all

that he shall think pn.jK-r to take back the lands or t< • his own

hand, to do his uill a> to the same. it have specialty by

deed for term « in, and the landlord shall wit

fa term aliei, I nts in fee, in such case

alienation shall not prev. . nant from enjoying his term. But ii

>g or deed antler hand and teal

386 '] \ iM I> TO RELTGIOT- T,. in. IM. m.

tenant have no specialty by deed, then the purchaser shall be able to do his <>\vn will as to the same. And if the tenant claim a term by covenant made with the landlord, [but] only in presence and hearing of reput- able persons, without deed, he shall have his action of covenant against the landlord, and the purchaser, as above stated, shall go free.

And if the goods of the tenant be arrested by process at the suit of any person, and such tenant is indebted, to the landlord of the house for rent thereof in arrear, in such case the landlord shall be awarded his rent before the former plaintiff; that is to say, to such amount as the landlord will make oath that the rent due to him is in arrear ; provided always, that the claim of the landlord shall not extend to a greater sum than the amount of the said rent for two years. And if he shall have allowed his tenant [to make default] in his payment beyond the term of two years, the surplus shall be at his own proper risk, without prejudice to him who may make claim for another debt. But if the tenant be otherwise indebted to him, he shall have his action at Common Law and according to the usages of the City.

The custom as to lands and tenements devised to Religious Uses: — a/though at the time of such devise there may not be a Parson qualified to receive the bequest, such bequest shall still take effect.

Be it remembered, that at a meeting of the Common Council of the City of London, holden on the Thursday next before the Feast of Saint [Michael, in the second year of the reign of King Richard the Second, for the remov- ing of doubts which existed among parties pleading as to certain ancient customs of the said city, and as to whether the following was an approved custom or not : — that is to say, that when a person, a freeman of the said rity, by his testament, proclaimed and enrolled according to the custom of the said city, devises lands, tenements, or rents unto a chaplain or chaplains for the maintenance for ever of any Chantry and Chantries, or for other works of churches, or the yearly celebration of anniversaries, or for finding, making, or maintaining for ever any lights, or other divine services, or works of piety ; although at the time of the devise [taking effect], or at the death of the devisor, there may not be any parson capable of [holding] , or any Chantry [or Chantries] existing, as to which such devise may take effect ; and although the execution of the last will of such testator may 1 >y

iiRic: UU

itors not be fulfilled, by neglecting to present a fitting >on or p.- ntry or < 'hantries, or to find such li_

ix.s of churches, anni\ r works of piety; and although in

through negligence or ignorance on part of the writer, ro may not be spe q made of the names of the parsons who

the same, nor yet of those who are for ever to present unto the same; and further, although in such testament there may not be ; a clause of distress, or t: s of those by whom such distress

shall be made, in case that the will of the testator shall not be fulfilled : — eless, if by words in such testament contained, an interpretation may be made, conceived, or reasonably estimated, that it was the last will of the testator to found such Chantry, lights, divine services, or such works of piety, for ever to be maintained, made, or found, the rector or ners of the church unto which such Chantry, lights, divine ser- workof i 'tains, or, in default of them, the Mayor and

nay unto such Chantry, etc., present a titling parson, as hereto- fore in like cases, as well for all time before the Charter unto the eiti/ens of London by King Edward, the Third [of that name] si: Conquest, of

happy memory, granted, as BJ < late of such Cha >een

wont to present ; as also, for arrears, if any, lands and tene-

.'•••iii which the rents for maintaining such Chantry. light>. divine loet, "i- \vorks of ] ight to proceed ; in accordance' with the el!

t will of ihe testator. Provided always, that such inter- . understanding, and reasonable estimate of the last will of the testator, shall hy tin- Mayor and Aldermen of the said city, and not rs, in accordance with ancient customs, good faith, and <-e be made; and that what.- M in such ca-e i be so

idged shall remain in ] hand force. Uj>on this, as before

stated, becoming a n i (|ue-ti«»n. tin Common Co lied

«o old a should as 1 tiny parties pleading in London

become i

And t! Mayor, and so individually

by each by the rest of the Commoners, answer was

rally m vus unanimously and positively attested, as to the

whole of such enquiry, that for all time, before the obtaining of the said

1 Mayor of Lond< , s£

C .

NON-Air:issiON OF I'.oXliMKN TO THF. lTJ:i:i)« ».M. [B. in.

Charter as well as since, the same had been in the City an np})i< custom; and to the end that the same might not thereafter become a matter of doubt, they commanded that among the other memoranda of the said city entry should be made to such effect.

That Bondmen shall not be admitted to the freedom of the City.

Be it remembered, that on the eighteenth day of the month of July, in the eleventh year of King Richard the Second, for avoiding disgrace and scandal unto the City of London, it was, by Nicholas Extone, Mayor, and the Aldermen, with the assent of the Common Council of the said city, ordained; — that from henceforth no foreigner shall be enrolled as an apprentice, or be received unto the freedom of the said city by way of apprenticeship, unless he shall first make oath that he is a freeman and not a ^ndman. And whoever shall hereafter be received unto the freedom of the said city, by purchase or in any other way than by appren- ticeship, shall make the same oath, and shall also find six reputable citizens of the said city, who shall give security for him, as such from of old hath been wont to be done.

And if it shall so happen that any such bondman is admitted unto the freedom of the said city upon a false suggestion, the Chamberlain being ignorant thereof, immediately after it shall have become notorious unto the Mayor and Aldermen that such person is a bondman, he shall lose the freedom of the City, and shall pay a fine for such his deceit at the di- tion of the Mayor and Aldermen, saving always such liberty as pi T; unto the soil of the said franchise.

Also, if it shall happen in future, and may it not so chance, that such bondman, a person, that is to say, at the time of whose birth his father was a bondman, is elected to judicial rank in the said city, that of Alderman, for example, Sheriff, or Mayor ; unless, before receiving such promotioi i shall notify unto the Mayor and Aldermen such his servile condition, he shall pay unto the Chamberlain one hundred pounds, to the use of t In- City, and nevertheless shall lose the freedom, as already stated.

That Dogs shall not wander about in the City. Also, to avoid the noise, damage, and strife, that used to arise there-

1 Or villein.

Pt-llt.) All

from, it is forl>i»; person shal] dug accustomed to go at

large out of his own encloMire without guard thereof, by day or night, within the ; 1 dogs excepte<l ; under pain of

])tvin^ forty pence, to the use of the Chamber. And if any one shall make prayer for any person who shall do the contrary hereof, he shall pay .:itu the Chamber for such his pra\

Of the Ale-stakes of Taverns.

Also, it was ordained that whereas the ale-stakes, projecting in front of taverns in Chepe and elsewhere in the said city, extend too far over the King's highways, to the impeding of riders and others, and, by reason of their excessive weight, to the great deterioration of the

sea in which they are fixed ; — to the end that opportune remedy might be made thereof, it was by the Mayor and Aldermen granted and ordained, and, upon summons of all the taverners of the said city, it was enjoined upon tin-in, under pain of paying forty pence unto the Chamber of the Guild- hall, on every occasion upon which they should transgress such Ordinance, that no one of them in future should have a stake bearing either his sign or leaves, extending or lying over the King's highway, of greater length .11 seven feet at most it this Ordinance should begin to take

effect at the Feast of Saint Michael then next ensuing, always thereafter to be valid and of full effect.

Of driving Cart*.

. that no carter within the liberties shall drive his cart more quickly when it is unloaded, than when it is loaded; for the avoiding of divers perils and grievances, under pain of paying forty pence unto the Chamber, and of having his body committed to prison at the will of the

1 The weed ' yentOx9 may potnbly moan * gentle* * or pet, doge of the then known description.

BOOK III.

FoLiTSA. PART THE FOURTH.

Of the Penalties inflicted upon Courtesans, Baicds, [and~\ Priests taken in

Adultery.1

IN the first place, that courtesans, bawds, and notorious adultrn rs, indicted at the Wardmote, shall be taken and sent to prison, etc. [394].

Also, of the punishment of a man found to be a common whoremonger or procurer .......... [394].

Also, of the punishment of a common courtesan or procuress [395]. Also, of a woman convicted as a common courtesan . [395] .

Also, of a man or woman convicted as a brawler or scold . [395] .

Also, of a priest found with a woman .... [396].

Also, of a man convicted as an adulterer .... [396].

Also, of a woman taken in adultery with a priest . . [396] .

Also, of an unmarried woman found in company with a priest [396].

Of Corn, Corndealers, and other Victuallers ; and of other Customs, and the

Governtnent of the City.

Also, that no person shall buy corn, malt, or salt, to be left afterwards in the hands of the vendor for resale [396].

Also, that no corndealer, or other person, shall buy corn, malt, or salt, before the same shall have remained openly at Billyngesgate, or at Queen- Hythe, for three market-days [396].

Also, that no person shall carry out of the City, corn, malt, or wine ; or any wine out of the realm ....... [397].

1 The remaining line here in the original is out of place.

391

Also, of an Ordinance us to the holding of Common ( il l>y

Wards [397].

Also, of the confirmation [of the Ordinance] as to holding the Common Council by \Vards [399].

Also, that no one shall be Mayor if he have not first been Sheriff [399].

Also, of poulterers and poultry, and of the price of poultry . [400].

Also, that strango victuallers shall freely come unto the City of London, and without hindrance shall depart therefrom . . . [401 ].

Also, of fishmongers sworn to make examination [as to such fish-baskets as are not of the Assize [402].

Also, of the Statute of Gavelet [402].

Also, of a certain Writ of Assize as unto the damage done unto a freehold [404].

Also, of awarding damages in Dower ..... [404] .

Also, of awarding damages in a Plea of Debt . . . [404].

Also, of Essoins of service of his lordship the King . . [405].

Also, of default in * making the law ..... [405].

Also, of Assizes as to rent ....... [406].

Also, of taking Inquisitions . ...... [406].

Also, that the officers shall make oath yearly ... »6].

Also, that pleaders shall be sworn [407].

Also, that attorneys shall be sworn [407].

Also, of sending the Record unto Saint Martin's Ic Grand [407].

Also, of process of Plea of Debt in the Sheriffs' Court . [407].

Also, of producing witnesses [408].

AN.,, oi 'ill. -Statuioof Smythfelde [408].

Also, of keeping the peace, and of the commitment of persons fight in^ or drawing a kni: [408].

Also, of hostelers . [409].

Also, of the watercourse of the Thames . . [409].

Also, that hoards shall not be made before houses . . [409].

Also, that en- 1 masons shall be sworn . [410].

Also, that the Mayor shall make enquiry as to the officers oi

[410].

1 /. r. «ronlprting himtelf by the oaths of compurgatore.

392 LE OF Co [B.ui.

Also, of the duty of the officers in making execution [410].

Also, of a Writ of his lordship the Kiii-r, in IvUult' of the citi- zens of London, unto the Seneschal and Marshal of his lordship the King directed ............

Also, of a Writ of his lordship the King as to Oyer and Termincr, etc ............ [411].

Also, of a Commission of Oyer and Terminer unto the Justiciars di- rected ........... [412].

Also, of a certain Writ of his lordship the King, [enjoining] that the Justiciars aforesaid shall not sit, etc. ..... [415].

Also, of Allowance of the liberty of the City of London before the Seneschal and Marshal of his lordship the King . . . [417],

Also, of a certain Composition made between the citizens of London and the merchants of the Hanse of Almaine ..... [417].

Also, of the forfeiture of the value of a maritage . . [419].

Also, of Jettison of merchandize ...... [421].

Also of a Writ [enjoining] that no stranger shall sell unto another stranger for resale ..... . . . . [422].

Also, of a Writ [enjoining] that no stranger shall sell by retail, or keep hostel, or be a broker, [within the City] ..... [423].

Also, of the penalty inflicted upon one rebelling against the master of his mystery .......... [424].

Also, that no one shall be admitted to the freedom of any mystery without the assent of the men thereof ..... [425].

Also, that 2 [a remainder-man after] a tenant for term of life, or in tail, shall not be barred by deed of his ancestor containing warranty, unless he hold a tenement [from such ancestor] by descent in fee simple . [425] .

Also, of allowance before his lordship the King of the liberty of th. City of London ... , [426],

Also, of the Statutes and Ordinances as to removing Kidcls and T Thames and Medeway ; and of Nets, and the Conservancy of the i of Thames. [Brut, the first monarch of Britain] . . . [427 J.

1 This article has been (inserted already in * This, in reality, ia the meaning of the page 263 ante, context

T A FILE OF CX 393

rit Kdward the Confessor, and William the Conqueror] . [427].

[King Richard the First. Of Kidels] .... [428].

[King John, brother of the said Richard. Of removing the Kidels] [4*28].

[The Great Charter of the Liberties of England. Of removing the Is] [429].

[The one-and-twentieth year of King Henry, son of King John. Of seizure of the Kidels and their owners] ..... [429].

[The seven-and-thirtii th year of King Henry aforesaid. Of wears and nets] [431].

[King Henry, since the Conquest the Third of that name, — the ck-vi-ntli year of his reign. Of Kidels] [431].

[King Edward the First, — the thirteenth year of his reign. Of nets and engines] [432].

[King Edward the Third,— the first year of his reign. Of Kidels] [432].

[The Statutes of King Edward the Third, in the five-and-twentieth and

six-and-fortieth years of his reign. Of gorces, mills, stanks, stakes,

and Kidels] [433].

[The Statute of King Richard the Second, in the thirteenth year of his reign. Of nets] [434].

[The Statute of King Richard the Second, in the seventeenth year of his reign. Of the Conservators of the water of Thames] . [435].

[The Statute of King Richard, in the one-and-twentieth year of his reign. — of one hundred marks. — Of gorces, mills, stanks, stakes, and Kidels] [437].

[The Statute of King Henry, since the Conquest the Fourth of that name, the first year of his reign. Of Kidels and of nets] . [439].

[The Statute of King Henry, since the Conquest the Fourth of that name, the fourth year of his reign. Of levying fines by estreats] [440].

[Record of Process and Judgment as to nets taken in the Thames, before

of his lordship the King at Westminster, in the seventh year of

the reign of King !!•• :• the Fourth. Of Kidels, trinks, and nets.

Judgment as to sixteen nets] [441].

[The Statute of the first year of Henry the Fifth] [4 l

Also, divers Ordinances as to the Serjeants [andofficers] of the Sheriffe[444].

[Neugate and Ludgate] . . . [448].

w Attorneys and other Common Pleaders are to perform duty] . . . [449].

394 !TNI<IIMi:>-T OF COVK'H -\N-, II'. [B.ni. 1't.iv.

[The Ordinance as to how much is to be taken for the loading, cartage, and unloading of a tun of wine, and of a pipe of wine] . . [449], [Of the number of Serjeants to be employed by the Sheriffs]. [400]. [Enquiry to be made as to the infringment of the above Ordinances] [451]. Also, of the Oath of the Masters of the Mysteries . . [451].

HERE BEGINS THE FOURTH PART.

Foi. 239 B. Of the Punishment of Courtesans and Baicds.

Whereas in divers Wardmotes holden before the Aldermen in their "Wards, there are indicted by the good folks of the Ward certain men as common whoremongers, common adulterers, and common bawds ; as also, certain women, as common courtesans, common adulteresses, common bawds, and scolds ; for the purpose of removing them out of the City, or for making them cease so to offend, to the pleasing of God, the salvation of their souls, and the cleanness and honesty of the said city ; of whom no correction has heretofore been made, because no Ordinance thereupon has been made, but rather, they have been suffered and allowed, to the great displeasing of God and to the dishonour of the City : — It is ordained and agreed by the Mayor, and Aldermen, and Common Council of the said City, that from henceforth each Alderman, forthwith after his Wardmote is held and the verdict unto him returned, shall, if any such of evil and wicked life be indicted before him, cause the same to be taken and carried to prison, there to remain until they shall be cleared by Inquisition, or confronted [?], or otherwise attainted, by their own acquaintance ; he making return unto the Mayor the day of the verdict given, or within the next two days, of the names of the persons so indicted, and the cause. And well and lawfully to do the same, without tardiness therein, all the Aldermen are strictly bound by their oaths.

Of a man who is found to be a Whoremonger or Bawd, and of his

Punishment.

In the first place, if any man shall be found to be a common whore- monger or bawd, and shall of the same be attainted, first, let all his 1, and beard be shaved, except a fringe on the head, two inches in breadth ; and let him be taken unto the pillory, with minstrels, and set thereon for a

TU RICH, ii.] OF WHOREMONGERS, ETC. 395

:iii time, at th. di-.-ivti..uof the Mayor and Aldermen. And if he shall be a second time attainted thereof, let him have the same punishment, and in the same manner for u certain tin u <>t th. Maym- and

Aldermen ; and l"-ides this, let him have ten days' imprisonment, without ransom. And the third time, let him have the same punishment,

FoL 240 A.

and in the same manner for a certain tme, at the discretion of the

nd Aldermen ; and afterwards let him be taken to one of the City Gates, and there let him forswear the City for ever.

Item, if any woman shall be found to be a common receiver of courtesans or bawd, and of the same shall be attainted, first, let her be openly brought, with min>trels, from prison unto the Hhew, and set thereon for a certain time, at the discretion of the Mayor and Aldermen, and th her hair

be cut round about her head. And if she shall be a second time attainted tin -rt •••!'. have the same punishment, and in the same manner for a

discretion of the Mayor and Aldermen; and besides this, let her have ten days' imprisonment, without ransom. And the third time, let her have the same punishment, and in the same manner fora cer- tain time, at the discretion of the Mayor and Aldermen ; and after this, let h. i be taken to one of the Gates of the said city, [and let her there for- swear the City] for CN

i, if any woman shall be found to be a common courtesan, and of the same shall be attainted, let her be taken imm the prison unto lAlgate, v a hood of ^y, and a white wand in her hand; and from thence, with minstrels, unto the thew, and there let the cause be proclaimed ; and from

t hrough Chepo and Newgate to K^okkeslane, there to take up • abode. And if she shall bo a second time attainted thereof, let her be openly brought, with minstrels, from prison unto the thew, with a hood of . and set thereon for a certain tim« discretion of the Mayor and

Aid. rni. n. And the third time, h t her have the same punishment, at the discretion of the Mayor and Aldermen, and let her hair bo cut round about her head while upon the thew, and, after that, let her bo taken to one of

City Gates, and 1. here] forswear the City for ev

Item, if any man or woman shall be attainted of being a brawler or

> A kin.l uaed mostly for the * Striped cloth.

4 Now Cock Lane, near Wwt SmKhfidd.

396 CORN, MALT, AND CORNDEALERS. [B. HI. It. IT.

scold, let such person be taken unto the thew, with a distaff dressed with flax (called * dystaf with toimi') in his or her hand, with minstrels, and be set thereon for a certain time, at the discretion of the Mayor and Aldermen.

Item, if any priest shall be found with a woman, let him be taken unto the Tun on ^ornhulle, with minstrels. And if he shall be so found three times, let him forswear the City for ever.

Item, if any person shall be impeached of adultery, and be thereof lawfully attainted, let him be taken unto Newgate, and from thence, with minstrelsy, through Chepe, to the Tun on Cornhulle, there to remain at the will of the Mayor and Aldermen.

Item, if any adulteress shall be found with a priest or with a married man, let them both be taken unto the Compter of one of the Sheriffs, or unto Newgate, and from thence to the Guildhall, before the Mayor and Alder- men, and there arraigned; and if they shall then be lawfully attainted thereof, let them be taken to Newgate ; and there let the said adulterer and adulteress be shaved, like an 2appealer ; and from thence, witli minstrelsy, let them be brought through Chepe unto the same Tun, there to remain at the will of the Mayor and Aldermen.

Item, if a single woman shall be found in company with a priest, let them both be taken unto the Compter of one of the Sheriffs, and from thence unto the said Tun, there to remain at the will of the Mayor and Aldermen.

F.I. iwo B. Of the sale of Corn and Malt.

Item, that no man shall buy any manner of corn, malt, salt, or any other victuals, to leave the same afterwards in the hands of the same vendors for resale, in gross or by retail ; or make any other collusion or covin, whereby victuals shall be made dearer, under pain of forfeiture of the article so bought.

Of Corndeakrs.

Item, that no corndealer, or other person, shall buy corn, malt, or silt, for resale, which shall come to the City by water for sale, until the arti< •!< •* which so come by water shall have remained openly at Billyngesgate, or at Queen-Hythe, in full market, without fraud or evil intent, fur three mark, t- days, under pain of forfeiture of the said provisions unto the buyer thereof.

1 CornhilL * A false informer.

X OF COM

Of not carrying Corn out of t' '

it no person shall carry corn or malt out of the City, under : of forfeiture of such corn and malt ; nor yet [take] any manner of win.- from London out of the realm, without especial licence therefor.

{Of the Election'] of the Common Council by tin \\'

On the Friday next before the Feast of the Purification of the Blessed [2 February], in the seventh year of the reign of King •ml the Second, in presence of the Mayor, Aldermen, and an immense community of the reputable and discreet men of the said city, in the Guild- hall of London met for divers business touching the said i It y, the Petitions under- written [were presented] by the reputable men of the City, before by the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalt\ 1 and assigned to ordain,

upon mature deliberation, whereas judgments in past time had been in Common Council of the said en and made by clamour rat

reason, and sometimes by men insufficient thereto unto the said nmon Council deputed ; whereby tumults did oftentimes arise. For getting rid of the same, the same good men did, with full Ordin. in the said meeting ordain the Ordinances under- writ u n, and cause the same to bo read, in form that follows : —

Of the *.

reason that complaint has been made by many good folks of the

the Mayor, tlj.it now is, how that divers times in the Council

'wont [to meet] within the ITall and < <-t the Guildhall great

1 peril have been perceived, both by reason of the great assem-

' Mages there, and too often by reason of the unqualified persons deputed

4 unto the said Councils, as oftentimes seen in the judgments of the said

' Councils, [supported] more by clamour than by reason ; to the great dis-

* turbancoof peace and quiet among the people in time past, and still more

4 likely in time to come, unless some remedy be provided against the sa

I'pon which, the Mayor, with his Aldermen and the good Commons, did

' choose certain persons, with deliberation to advise thereupon how such

tumult and IN til might best be avoided and remedied ; the which persons,

398 ELECTION OF COMMON COUNCIL BY WARDS. CB.ni.Pt.iv.

' meeting together upon divers days on the matter aforesaid, have, by

' way of remedy for such perils, upon consideration ordained the

' Articles after-written, — should it be pleiKMiip: unto the Mayor and

' the other good folks of the City for a time to make trial of the same ; to

' the intent that if welfare and peace be found in such counsels through the

' Ordinances after-written, the same in the name of God may be confirmed.

' And if the contrary, which may God not will, that the same may in due

' time be amended, for the common good of all the City.

' First, in order to continue the Common Council of the City by persons ' sufficient, as well in means as in understanding, be it ordained, that each < year after the day of Saint Gregory [12 March], when the Aldermen shall ' have been appointed, the Aldermen so appointed for the year ensuing be ' strictly charged, fifteen days after the said day, to go and assemble their ' "Wards for good deliberation, [and] charge them to elect four of the most ' sufficient persons that are in their Ward, making omission for no office that ' they have held before, to be of the Common Council for the year ensuing, ' and to present the names of the said four unto the Mayor for the time ' being ; the which persons shall be accepted by the Mayor, and ordered to ' take their oath, as the same has been set forth by writing heretofore.

' Provided always, that the Mayor for the time being shall not receive ' throughout the whole City from any trade, for the Common Council, beyond

* eight persons of such one trade, and no more ; even though it should 4 happen that more than eight persons of one trade have been presented ' and elected ; in which case, as to the Mayor, by the advice of six Aldcr- ' men, there shall be accepted eight persons of the most sufficient, and the

* others returned unto their "Wards, that other sufficient persons may be ' chosen in their place, who are not of the like trade.

' And by reason that in some Wards in the City there may not always be ' found four persons, of sufficiency to be of the Council aforesaid, be it

* ordained that as to the Wards which are large and of sufficient inhabitants,

* in some six, and in some four [be chosen], and in others two, according ' as the Wards can efficiently bear the same ; that is to say, from the ' Wards of Faryngdone, Crepulgate, Cordewanerestrete, Chepe, and Bridge, ' six sufficient persons ; from the Wards of Vinterye, of Douegat< , oi \\ral- ' broke, of Candelwikestrete, of Billyngesgate, of the Tower, of Corn- ' hulle, of Quenehethe, of Langebourne, of Bisshopesgate, of Aldrichesgate,

Til Hi. AVARD8. 399

!, of llradrstivto, and of I: ar sufficient

rsons ; and from nls of Bassyeshawe, of Colmanstret* -, - t Kyme-

of Porteokn* 'gate, two sufficient persons ; which amount in

* all to niiuty-six persons; and this makes the number to be for each

\V u one with another, four persons.'

Of the Coi( of [the Ordinance as to holding] the Common Council

by Wards.

' Be it HUH niln nd, that at the Common Council holden on the Friday III of the Purification of our Lady [2 February], in ' tin M v« ntli \var of the reign of his lordship the King, an Ordinance was that is to say, whdreas of late it was ordained that the Common 1 Council of the City should be holden by people of the trades, — on the said -iday it was ordained and agreed that the said Common Council should appointed by the folks of the Wards (as more plainly appears by the 1 said Ordinance written in Hhis book, folio 173), to the intent ' th Hare and peace might be found in such Councils so

ben l»y the Wards.8

Common Council now holden, on Wednesday the Feast of ' Saint Luke [18 October], in the ninth year of the reign of his lordship ' King aforesaid, whereas the said Ordinance, so ordained for holding the ' said Common Council by the people of the Wards, is found and proved, 4 upon trial, to bo good, convenient, and profitable, and for the bettering of ' the said city, and the tranquillity thereof; the said Ordinance is by the • n, and Common Council, affirmed, to last for ever, without • 1 i t ion , [sue 1 i being made] by the people of the Wards and not

the people of the trades.'

•> one shall be Mayor tf he hate not first been Sheriff.

^o, it is ordained and agreed that no person shall from henceforth be « Mayor in the *t have not first been Sheriff of the said city, to

end that ho maybe tried in governance and bounty, before he attains 1 such estate of the Mayoralty.'

reference to LeUerBook H, from * The wcmU •«mrt co^fm*' here went

400 ror LTERERS. CB. m. rt. iv.

Of Poulterers.

Item, that no denizen poulterer shall stand at the 'Carieux of Leileii- halle within house or without, with rabbits, game, or other poultry for sale ; but they are to stand and expose their victuals for sale beside the wall towards the West of the church of Saint Michael on Cornhulle ; that so the foreign poulterers, with their poultry, may stand by thems* and may sell their poultry at the corner of Ledenhalle, without any denizen poulterer coming or meddling in sale or in purchase with them, or among them, under pain of forfeiture of the poultry so sold between them.

Item, that foreign poulterers who enter by Newgate and 2Aldrichesgate, shall sell their poultry upon the Pavement before the Friars Minors, near the fountain there. And denizen poulterers are to stand and sell their poultry before the church of Saint Nicholas 8Fles8hshameles ; that so they meddle not with the said foreigners in sale or in purchase, under the pain aforesaid.

Item, that no denizen poulterers, themselves, or by their wives, or any one on their behalf, shall come to buy any manner of poultry of any foreign poulterer, either privily or openly, until the hour of nine struck by the clock ; to the end that the lords and good folks may buy their victuals as they need. And that no poulterer, or other person whatsoever, shall expose for sale any manner of poultry that is unsound or unwholesome to man's body, under pain of punishment by the pillory, and the article being burnt under him.

Item, that no foreign [poulterer] , who brings poultry to the City for sale, shall lodge with, or carry his poultry unto the house of, any denizen poul- terer, under pain of forfeiture of the same poultry and of imprisonment of the body, as well to the buyer and receiver of the same poultry as to the vendor thereof. But they are to bring their poultry into full mark«-t, without selling any poultry out of the market, or in secret, under the penalty aforesaid.

Item, that no poulterer, foreigner or denizen, shall sell his poultry dearer than is hereafter specified, under pain of forfeiture of the said poultry.

1 A place ' with four faces ;' the meeting of * ' Flesh Shambles.' This market was the four ways. original of the present Newgate Market

' Alderegate.

TURK; .M> OO.

! try above the said price*, lie shall ln>c • .3 so bought,

! lx> pu

try.

shall be sold for four pence; the beat purcel, f<

»r six p< the

best lien, for six best rabbit,

wit!. : a :i<l wit h< mt the skin, for three pence; — and

no foreigner shall sell any rabbit without the skin : — the best ] river mallard, for three pence ; the best 'dunghill mallard, for two pence 1

iv : tln« best teal, for two pence; the best snipe, for one penny; four larks, for one penny ; the best woodcock, for three pence; the best par- t ridge, for four pence ; the best plover, for three pence ; the best phea> for i : the best curlew, for six pence; a dozen thrushes, for six

pence ; a dozen finches, for o -cat' heron, fo

tern, for eighteen pence ; the best 8brewe, for eighteen pe: tli- I>e8t egret, for eighteen pence ; twelve pigeons, for -

i 'fora shall <md go.

e grace of God, King of England and i and Lord

!.i nd, to ih<> Mayor and Aldermen of London, greeting. For the

:il if good and advantage of the nobles and other our faithful and liege

tfl in tin- city aforesaid residing, and unto the said city iv>ortiii£, we

-, so strictly as we may, enjoin upon you and command, that as ^

aforesaid as without, where unto you it shall seem moat nd necessary, you do cause proclamation to be publicly made, ' as well by yourselves as by others, to bo deputed in thN 1>«

and strangers whatsoever, of r parts in amity

' with ourselves they may be, shall come and resort unto tl i'oresaid,

' l»y land and by water, u ith fish and all tuals, \\ ndrance

'or impediment whatsoever; and that no person, under forfeiture of all

i he wild duck. JrrUo/<^in 268,

- Th.' tan <iu, k.

* ThiH l.mU which ia abo mentioned in the « bUrye/ or bald coot, may

402 \MIN.\Tlo\ "i FMH-BASK1 [B.III.

* things that unto us may be forfeited, >hall impede, disturb, or aggrieve such

* strangers and foreigners in any manner whatsoever, whereby to ]>iv\< nt ' them from coming with the fish and victuals aforesaid unto the said city, 'and departing therefrom. In testimony whereof, \ve have caused the>e ' our letters patent to be made. Witness myself, at Westminster, this fifth ' day of March, in the seventh year of our reign.'

is B. Fishmongers siconi to make Examination of Fis]t-Ln.«h /*.

On the Saturday next after the Feast of Saint Thomas the Apostle [21 December] in the year Aforesaid, Richard Horn, John Saleman, 2 [Thomas de Fuleham, Henry Stene, 8Andrew Horn, Stephen Horn, Walter de Hakei and Adam de Ely,] fishmongers, were sworn to make examination of all fish-baskets, as to whether or not they would contain one bushel of « according to the ancient Ordinance and Statute, etc. ; seeing that grievous complaint had been made thereupon by the Justiciars and officers of tlie King, and others of the people, by reason of the loss which ensued to tin- King and people therefrom, etc.

Who [accordingly], upon the same day, took of John Flynthard four baskets of merling, of the price of seven shillings ; of Godfrey Olyvere one basket of haddock, of the price of 2s. 6d. ; of Richard Horn, two ba>] of merling, of the price of 4s. 6d. ; of Andrew Horn, one basket of merlin o;, of the price of 21d. ; — which fish was delivered unto the said John, Godfrey, Richard, and Andrew, for the price aforesaid, upon surety ^i\« n by them, one for the other, until, etc. And they produced the baskets aforesaid in the Guildhall, before the Mayor and Aldermen, and the same hcin^ i examined, they were found to be too small.

Wherefore it was awarded, that they should be burnt with fire in London, in Chepe.

The Statute of Gan-H.

It is provided as well by his lordship the King as by his JuM;

1 This has no reference to the reign of * Celebrated more as a lawyer than as a

Richiinl II. la>t-nunti..iK-d ; but to that of fishmonger. He was the compilt -r ->t th-

Edward II. Mirror of Justice. • ati.^- \\lu< -h lias

1 These names are on.it t«l in LHher Albu*, been printed, and tin- /. .-till pn--

but are supplied from the Liber CtotamarMm, served at th«- < .mldhall. f..li,.

PtlT.]

by Ion is <>: ops,

ty of

London, have ri^ht t.» recover the same, when any si i :hcm

in JUT. ir, it shall be fully lawful for such ]>• rsons to di-train for such thrir arrears, so long as anything may be found upon the fee win •;•• l.y they may be so distrained; and that in such case such tenants shall by a certain Writ of Customs and Services be iinpleaded in <

it may well be done by t ereves, presented at

Hustings for the safe-keeping of their Sokes, [and] for i eting of

thrir rents. That so, in case the tenants shall acknowledge their 2scr\

immediately, and without difficulty, satisfy their lords as to their arrears.

Hit it' they shall deny such their services, the demandants shall forthwith name their suit, that is to say, two witnesses, and these shall be 1 and

they shall have a day for producing them, at the next Hustings. Upon which day if they shall prodi ,<l it shall by them be shewn

in tin -ir Court, as of their own seeing and hearing, that such complainants have at any time received which they d«-mand from sue! nts,

nants shall lose their fees by j 1 of the Court, and the

complainants shall recover th lomesne.

d if, as already stated, they shall acknowledge their services unto th- lords, and in like arrears, then, by judgment of the said Court,

arrears shall be doubled. And tin- Sheriffs ought, for such unjust withholding, to have one hundred shilling, if without grievance [sueh nts] shall suffice thereunto. Hut if, ai'u r due summons, they shall not n those fees shall in full Hustings be tak^n ]>\ the •milts, to be held in t!. Is for a year and a d.

tenants .shall id shall make offer to satisfy t ible

th< ir M-!-. n -. and I)M> Sheriffs r amercement, as already stat«

shall recover th<ir tenementH ; l>ut it n«t, aft. r the year is completed,

nements shall remain u> owners of

those fees, to be for ever of their demesne. And in sueh case, those tenements are called *' forthot ;' because foi o they shall ;

ever remain unto the owners of those fees in demesne.

> See fMgei flft, 57 ami*. » See pege 187 ant.

'« rcnt-wnricc, or payment of real

D D 2

404 tB-m-

The same is also to be held and observed if the tenants acknowledge their arrears, and cannot make satisfaction for the same, in manner already Mated.

. i3 A. Of Assize of damage done to a Freehold.

' Edward, by the grace of God, etc., to the Mayor and Sheriffs of

* London, greeting. Whereas certain places in your city of late, with ' buildings upon them of two or three storeys in height, have come into

* the hands of divers persons, and two or three men do in each storey ' thereof, according to the number of cellars and storeys in such buildings, ' hold abode and freehold therein, by hereditary right, [or] purchase, or by ' reason of devise, and should be bound to repair and maintain their own

* portions, according to the custom of the city aforesaid ; and whereas the

* places above-mentioned, by fire, disrepair, or in some other way, do now ' lie in a ruinous state ; certain persons of the city aforesaid, in their malice

* losing sight of their own advantage, and imitating the wastefulness of ' others, refusing to repair their own portions and to maintain the same,

* to the no small loss of their parceners and the unsightliness of the city ' aforesaid: — We therefore, being unwilling that the parceners aforesaid 1 should so unduly be troubled, do command you that, calling before you ' the parceners in such tenements, and hearing their complaints and the

* reasons on the one side and the other proposed, you do without delay ' compel such their co-parceners to erect and build their portions without ' delay, in such manner as ought of right to be done and according to the ' custom of the city aforesaid. Witness myself, at York, this fourth day ' of May, in the seventh year of our reign.'

Of awarding Damages in Do«

Whereas women have heretofore been long and tortiously delayed in gaining their dower of tenements and rents of which their husbands have died seised, by reason that no damages were awarded in such case, — it is agreed that from henceforth they shall recover their damages for dower in such manner from them withheld, regard being had to the value of the tenements and rents, [and] to the length of the suit which they shall have made.

Of awarding Damages in a plea of D<

Item, that all persons shall recover their damages for debts from them

withheld, it' the debtors do not in tirst ( '

when summoned tin nunto, without any delay ; that is to say, for tw« shillings withheld for one year four shillings, and for more more, and for less less, according to the amount and the time that such debt shall

e been withheld. And let there be execution immediately t acknowledgment made, unless the demandant give a [further] day of his own free will. And as to the goods and chattels that shall be taken for debts so acknowledged, let them be appraised at the next SheriftV Court, and the day after delivered unto the *debtor, if he who shall have made the acknowledgment is not ready to redeem them. And in cose the appraisers 11 have wrongly appraised them, and he to whom the debt is due is not \\illing to receive them at such price, let them be delivered unto the appraisers, and from their own goods and chattels let the price be levied. As to plaints now pending in the Sheriffs' Court, if the debtors make acknowledgment at the next Court after that at which this regulation is read and notified in the Court where such plaint is pending, let such debtors be absolved from damages ; and if not, let damages in such plaints be awarded, as is before mentioned.

Essoins of the King's service.

Item,, that no essoin of the King's service shall be allowed in the

i iftV Court for the defendant, except in a case where he shall i pleaded to the country, either to make his 2law or to bring his suit to a hearing. And then, if he have not his warranty at the day which he shall have by essoin, let it be adjudged according as the law of the City demands.

Of the xtme.

. in case of a person who shall have waged his law and afterwards makes default in making his law, let judgment 1..- forthwith p'ven u- the principal, and still let him not be summoned to hear such judgm. forasmuch as such summons would he against law and reason, in delaying the [other] party from his recovery without reasonable cause.

' An eitor, no doubt, for • crc«i

-I'M! kflSHBS [B-iii.

Of Assizes as to Rent.

Item, in a plea of seizure of distresses for rent-service or rent-charge, after return irreplevisable awarded in the Hustings, if the tenant shall then appear to counterplead the rent and not to pay it, it shall be fully lawful for him who demands the rent to prosecute his suit by plaint of Novel Disseisin. And in the same manner be it done, if any one shall make denial or rescue, so that entry cannot be had for distraint. And in such case, let the Assize be in the first place charged upon those points. And if it be found that the tenant has duly made rescue or hindrance unto the entry for distress, let the Assize be taken according to the plea which shall be pleaded between the parties. And if the contrary be found, let the plaintiff take nothing by such Assize, but let them plead at the Hustings, as is before mentioned.

And nevertheless, it shall be fully lawful for him who demands rent to plead in the Hustings for the rent, if he will.

Of taking Inquisitions.

Item, for expediting the rights of all persons, so far as with law and reason may be done, and especially as to Inquisitions to be taken at the Hustings, — which are too much delayed through default of the jurors, — let them be entered in the Roll, and command given unto the Sheriffs to distrain them to be present at the next Hustings, as has oftentimes been done heretofore. And nevertheless, let the Aldermen, by their bedel, so far as they shall see fit to do, make return of their Wards at each Hustings.

That the Officers sfuill make oath yearly.

Item, that all officers of the City, clerks, Serjeants, bailiffs, the person who shall be appointed by the Sheriffs to be their lieutenant in the County of Middlesex, clerks and bailiffs under him, ^ermors, warders of prisons, bedels of Wards, and grooms assigned for taking cartage or doing otli< r duties, shall be sworn each year before the Mayor and Aldermen, ait. r

1 Persons holding contract* lor receiving public taxes or customs on payment of a rent iin.

. ll.

the Sheriffs shall made oath, each according to that which pertains

uiito the position whieh h- holds.

i. that the pleaders who are commonly residing in the City for pleading, shall be sworn that they will nut plead, or give counsel, aga tin- usages and franchise* of the City of London ; but that they will main- tain the same to the best of their power, within the City and wit limit.

Item, that the attorneys shall be sworn in the same manner. And further, that they will not answer as attorney for any one, if they are not admitted and set forth on the Roll ; and that they will consult their remem- brances and make suit unto the Common Clerk of the City that their pleas in the Hustings, touching their employers, may be well and prop

without any manner of tardiness ; and that well and lawfully they will prosecute the business of their clients, without committing fraud or deception upon the Court or upon them.

Of the Record at Saint Martin'* le Grand.

Item, whereas many persons in the City have heretofore oftentimes sued write to have record and process brought before th are at Saint

Martin's le Grand, who are persons of the Common Law and cannot have lull cognizance of the franchises and usages of the City ; whereby the said franchises and usages have oftentimes been brought into great question and great peril, and the Mayor, Aldermen, Shei -ill's, and Commons, to great tmuMe and costs: — It is agreed, that no person shall « sue such manner of writs, before he shall have shewn his grievances unto the Mayor and Aldermen, and the matters shall by them have been examined.

And it there be any misprision therein, let the same be redressed by then y can do so; and if they cannot, let [the party] lose the

freedom for ever ; and nevertheless, let him pay unto the City ten pounds, for the labour and costs that the Mayor man,

Officers, and Commons, have been put to by his suit; if so mueh as that can be found arising from his goods and chattels.

Of the samt.

Item, in process of Pleas of Debts, Covenant-, and nth. -r Picas, in win', h ight to be brought [before the Court] by summons and by

408 OF PROI ISO Tin: IT I :n.m.

essoin, if he be willing, and after that by distress ; let it be done according to the usages of the City that have been followed from of old ; that is to say, after summons, one essoin. If the party makes default, kt di>: be awarded of his goods and chattels in place of attachment ; or else, as to the two pledges found for his appearance at the next Court, let such main- pernors be amerced. And then let it be awarded, that he be distrained by all his goods and chattels, and by attachment of rents ; and this from day to day, without him having any indulgence, or finding any mainprise.

Of producing Witnesses.

Item, that if any one shall vouch two witnesses to bar *a man of his law, or of Inquest, the same shall be not received unless they be persons of good report, and not common suitors or approvers before the Ordinu at Saint Paul's or elsewhere, or persons suspected of evil. And if the [other] party shall wish to challenge the same, he shall come before the Mayor and Aldermen ; and there let the persons be examined and their conditions testified unto; and after that, let it be done unto the parties according as reason may demand.

Smythefelde.

Item, that the Statute of Smythfeld shall be observed, as well between denizens as between strangers.

Of kcrjring the Peace.

Item, the better to preserve the peace of his lordship the King, and that each may fear the more to break his peace, it is ordained, that if any person shall draw a sword, ^isericorde, or knife, or any arm, even though he do not strike, he shall pay unto the City half a mark, or remain in the prison of Newgate fifteen days. And if he shall draw blood of any one, let him pay unto the [City] twenty shillings, or remain in the said prison forty days. And if he shall strike any one with the fist, even thougli lu> have not drawn blood, let him pay unto the City two shillings, or be imprisoned eight days. And if he shall draw blood with the fist, let him pay unto the City forty pence, or be imprisoned twelve days. And let such

1 A dagger with a thin blade, used for mercifully dispatching a wounded enemy.

n. iv.)

s find good surety before their release, and l\-.r their good L< viour ; and nevertheless, let him upon whom such offence has been com-

liave his recovery by process of law.

i kt such offences of bloodshed, against the peace of his lordship the King, be pleaded from day to day before the Sheriffs, without having any essoin or other delay, [in manner] most convenient, of whatt condition the party may be.

Of Hostelers.

Item, whereas heretofore it has been ordained, for the preservation of the peace, that no man should harbour another beyond a day and a night, if he should not wish to make answer for him, in case he should offend ; as to which no penalty was ordained, and no punishment given ; and therefore the said Ordinance was by no one at all regarded: — It is ordained, that no one shall harbour or maintain any man or woman who is of ill repute, or notoriously suspected of bad conduct, or who shall have so behaved, under pain of paying forty shillings unto the community, if he be thereof attainted.

Of the Watercourse of the Thorn*.

Item, whereas the watercourse of the Thames, which is wholly pertaining unto the City, is greatly impeded by the purpresture of quays and ot

roachments made in the said water, to the great damage and peril of all the City ; and also for the avoiding of greater perils and damages in time to come: — It is ordained by the Mayor and Aldermen, with the assent of the Commons, that from henceforth no purpresture shall be made

he erection of quays, or in any other manner, upon th water of Thames, without view of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commons ; and by them it shall be adjudged, whether no peril or damage \s ill from such purpresturo unto the City ensue.

That no Hoards shall stand i.i //// Inyh Streets.

Item, that no hoards, or palings, or other enclosure, shall be made before

any tenement in the high streets or lanes in the City, or in the suburbs

roof, before that the same shall have been viewed by the Mayor and

410 ULTir.S AND HKHAVIOUR OF OFFK I I> Off TSM « I 1 V. [B. in. It. iv.

Aldermen. And if they shall see that such works are prejudicial, the same shall be in no manner allowed.

And in the same manner let it be done as to steps which persons shall wish to make to cellars, the entrances to which extend out into the high streets and lanes ; and let those which are made be forthwith viewed and rectified.

That Masons and Carpenters shall be sworn.

Item, that all master-carpenters and masons of the City shall be sworn that they will make no purprestures upon streets or lames within the City, or the suburbs, nor yet to the prejudice of the neighbours where they shall make the buildings, contrary to the Statutes of the City from ancient time ordained.

That the Mayor shall make enquiry as to the Officers.

Item, that the Mayor of the City for the time being, by advice of the Aldermen, shall make enquiry each year, when he shall see necessity for so doing, as to the behaviour of the officers, bailiffs, fermors, gaoler, Serjeants of Wards, and others, who hold office in the City ; that so no other persons may intermeddle therewith, upon default of the Mayor, to the prejudice of the franchise of the City.

Of the duty of the Officers.

Item, if any person shall have made a recognizance, and be condemned in a sum of money to pay the same, and execution be awarded to levy such money from his goods and chattels, [and he then] shut the doors of the house where such goods and chattels are, and will not open the same ; and if perchance he shall absent himself lwith ill intent when the officers ought to make execution ; let the officer take with him good folks, and in their presence make opening and execution, as it behoves him [to do].

Of the liberty of the City; that no Citizen shall im^hnd anutlur without

Mr City.

' The King to the Seneschal and Marshal of his household, greeting.

1 This is probably the meaning of >j,ar mulr.'

.V.H.J < 11 Y \: 411

' Whereas among other liberties [granted] unto the citizens of our city of ' London by Charter of our progenitors, late Kings of England, it has ' been granted unto them that no one of them shall plead without the ' walls of the City aforesaid in any plea, except pleas as to tenures without, ' our moneyers and officers excepted ; [and] in the Great Charter of the ' Liberties of England it is set forth that the said city shall have all its ' ancient liberties and free customs uninjured ; and in the Ordinances by 4 t he Prelates, Earls, and nobles of our realm * recently made, and by us ' accepted, it is in like manner set forth that the said Great Charter shall ' in all and singular its articles be maintained ; as in the Charters and ' Ordinances aforesaid is more fully contained : — We, willing that the

* ( itizens of that city shall not be treated contrary to the tenor of the ' Charters and Ordinances aforesaid, [etc.] Witness myself, at West- ' minster, this Henth day of March, in the eighth year of our reign.'

Be it remembered, that the said Writ was delivered before the Seneschal and Marshal of his lordship the King, on Wednesday the Vigil of our Lord's Ascension, in the year above-mentioned ; wherefore, the liberty of the City was allowed, according to the form of such Writ.

Writ as to Oycr ami Tcrminer.

' Edward, by the grace of God, etc., to the Sheriffs of London, greeting.

* Upon grievous complaint made by Henry de Palyngtone, we have heard ' that Adam Brabazone, etc., and certain other misdoers and disturbers of ' our peace, have by force and arms beset the aforesaid Henry, in the

i ise of Robert de Goneby in Fletestrete, in the suburbs of

J

* London, \vhnv the same Henry was harboured in lodging

' by the Marshal of our household, and have broken into such house, and

1 upon the BuM Il« nry have there made assault, and have beaten, wounded,

' imprisoned, and maltreated him; and his goods and chattels, to the

• 'f one hundred marks, within our *vcrge there found, have taken

* and carried away, and upon him other enormities have committed, in ' contempt of us, and to the grievous loos of the said Henry, and against

> See p«p 289 a** of &• nutter in which J <>f the IfAnhdM*, or jurwdktioo of the tin. •• » repetit. M*nh*l of the King's huoMhokL

ven M th« 'ninth ' in pagt 901

412 nUIT AS TO OYFIl \M> IIIIMI.N; [B. in. 1't. iv.

'our peace. We therefore, being unwilling to pass over the ' aforesaid, if the same has been perpetrated, unpunished, do assign our ' well-beloved and faithful Thomas Blount, Roger Beler, and Svmon ' Croyser, and any two of them, our Justiciars to make enquiry, upon ' oath of reputable and lawful men of the city aforesaid, by whom the ' truth of the matter may best be known, as to the names of the aforesaid ' misdoers, who, together with the before-named Adam and others, etc., ' have perpetrated the offence aforesaid, and more fully [to ascertain] the ' truth as to such offence ; and also, to hear and determine as to the said ' offence, in accordance with the law and custom of our realm. And we ' do therefore command you, that on certain days and at certain places, ' which the said Thomas, Roger, and Symon, or any two of them, si i all ' unto you make known, you do cause to appear before them such and so ' many reputable and lawful men of the city aforesaid, by whom the ' truth of the matter in the premisses may best be known and enquired 'into. And you are to have there this Writ. Witness myself, at ' Westminster, this twelfth day of June, in the eighteenth year of our ' reign.'

Further as to Oyer and Term<

Pleas holden at Saint Martin's le Grand in London, before Thomas le Blount, Roger le Beler, and Symon Croyser, Justiciars of his lordship the King, assigned to hear and determine as to a certain offence upon Henry de Palyngtone, lately in Fletestrete, in the suburbs of London, commit upon the Friday next ensuing after the Feast of the Apostles Pet IT and Paul [29 June], in the eighteenth year of the reign of King Edward, son of King Edward, by Writ of his lordship the King, which was forwarded unto them in words as follow : —

Writ thereupon.

' Edward, by the grace of God, etc., to his well-beloved and trusty Thomas ' Blount, Roger ' Beler, and Symon Croyser, greeting. Upon grievous * complaint made by Henry de Palyngtone, we have- heard that Adam I»ar- ' bazoun, etc., and certain other misdoers and disturbers of our ; i \ v

' by force and arms beset the aforesaid Henry, in the house of Robert <U

ncre as 'BaK-r ' in th-

* ri.j MISSION OF OTER AND TERMIN i 1 '.

' Gi :i the suburbs of London, where the same Henry

' was harboured in lodging by the Marshal of our household, and hare

• such house, and upon the said Henry have there made assault,

oaten, and imprisoned, and maltreated him ; and his goods and

ie. of one hundred marks, within our verge there found,

' have taken and carried away, and upon him other enormities have com-

' mitt «•(!, in contempt of us, and to the grievous loss of the said Henry, and

' against our peace. We, therefore, being unwilling to pass <

' oil resaid, if the same has been perpetrated, unpunished, do assign

>!i, and any two of you, our Justiciars to make enquiry, upon oath of

' reputable and lawful men of the city aforesaid, by whom the truth of the

' matter may best be known, as to the names of the aforesaid misdoers,

' who, together with the before-named Adam and others, etc., have perpe-

* trated the offence aforesaid/'and more fully [to ascertain] the truth as to ' such offence ; and also, to hear and determine as to the said offence, in

* accordance with the law and custom of our realm. And we do therefore

* command you. that on certain days and at certain places, which you, or ' any two of you, shall for the same provide, you do make inquisition, and

ir and cl- uixm the ollV-nce aforesaid, in form aforesaid,

Pol. 245 B.

* to do thereupon that which unto Justiciars pertains to do, accord-

4 in£ to tin- law and custom of our realm, saving unto us our amercements ' and nt _r* unto us therein pertaining. We have also commanded

' our Sheriffs of the city aforesaid, that upon certain days, and at certain ' places which you, or any two of you [etc.], known and enquired into. In ' test inn my wh«-iv..f, we have caused these our l«tt(i> pat. nt to be made. \\'i':..-.H8 myself, at WestmiiMrr, this fourteenth day of June, in the ' eighteenth year of our roign.'

In \iiiu. of \\hich mandate, command was given unto the Sheriffs of London, that they should make to appear here, on this day, four-ami- twenty reputable and lawful men of the venue, to make enquiry more fully into the truth as to the premisses, and in like manner that th.-y should make to appear the aforesaid Adam and in the Writ before-men-

tioned named, as to the plea aforesaid. And they did not appear. And command was gi Sheriffs, that, [etc.] And now appeared the

aforesaid Henry, and offered himself as against the said Adam and others, in the before-mrntiom d Writ named, as to the plea aforesaid.

414 APPEARANCE OF MAYOR AND CITIZENS TIIFHEON. [B. in. Ft. iv.

And they did not appear. And command WM given unto the Sheriffs, that they should make them to appear here upon such a day. And the Sheriffs made answer, that the "Writ of the Justiciars he fore-mentioned had come to them so late that they could not carry out the same. And here- upon appeared the Mayor and citizens of the city aforesaid, and said that his lordship the King then reigning, having inspected certain Charters of his progenitors, late Kings of England, as to divers liberties unto the citizens of London by them lately granted, did by his Charter, for himself and his heirs, grant unto them those liberties in the same Charters con- tained, and by his Charter confirm unto the citizens aforesaid, that he, the said King then reigning, nor his heirs, would, for aught arising in the said city, or in the suburbs thereof, assign other his Justiciars than Justiciars Itinerant at the Tower of London upon Iters of the like nature, and Justiciars for delivery of the Gaol of Newgate, and for the correcting of errors at Saint Martin's le Grand in London, in such manner as from of old had been wont to be done ; unless any matters within the said city or the suburbs thereof arising should concern the said King or his heirs : [and] making profert of the Charter of his said lordship the King then reigning, the date of which is at York, the seventh day of June, in the twelfth year of the King then reigning, which testifies unto the grant and confirmation aforesaid. And forasmuch as it was manifest and clear, that by the King's Commission aforesaid, the Justiciars aforesaid were not assigned to an Iter of the like nature, to Gaol delivery, or for the <•« • nvrt ion of errors, they demanded that the said Justiciars, in contravention of the King's grant and confirmation aforesaid, should attempt nothing to the prejudice of the citizens aforesaid, or in any way cause the same to be attempted in that behalf, etc. Therefore a day here was given unto the said Mayor and citizens, being the Tuesday next ensuing after the Fea>t of the Translation of the Blessed Thomas the Martyr [7 July], for hearing judgment thereon, etc. And as before, command was given unto the Sheriffs aforesaid, that they should make to appear here, upon such day, the aforesaid Adam and others, in the "Writ alni< >iid named, to m answer unto the aforesaid Henry as to the said pi- i : and in like manm r that they should make to appear IK re, upon the said day, fotir-and-t \\enfy reputable and lawful men of the venue aforesaid, by whom, etc. : u, fully to make enquiry as to the offence aforesaid.

•r.ii.i F.IH: HIE cm 41")

:i which day, the afon-aid II. nry app. a red, and offered him-df as ':i>t tlu- said Adam and others as to tin- plea ; An<l they did

not app' 1 comma- • n unto tlic 8 "hat they should

make them to :q 6 upon Mich a day. And the Sin-rills n.

tha' .-led hy William dc Sandale and William

Ti-VL-LT'' ; and the afoiv-aid William Hakeiiay hy John Tonie^nld and Thomas de Sh«-nc ; and id William de Newport by Will

J-LTC and Ki • -aid William de by

William de Newport and Adam liraha/oiie. Therefore, hhey wen- to be

And a> to tlie al'ore>aid Walter, son of John le M and

turn, that they were not to be found within their

hailiwirk; nor : au^ht then-ill when-hy Jit he attac '

pon, the Mayor and citi/ .-d and

: of a M'rit of his lordship the King, in words as follow : —

Writ • ;/'y] Hint

, hy the grace of God. m well-b.

1 Tli"iiia- liloiint, Kn-er , :id Symon Croyser, or any two of tl

' our Ju-iieiars assigned to hear and determine upon certain offences in the urhs of London, as it is said, committed, greeting. "WTiereas by our

' Charter \\e h;,\e -r.nii.d unto our • of London, for ourselves and

heir-, that ncii 1 or our heirs, for any matters within the same

' city or the Mihuil» thereof ai'i^inir, will assign within the said citv

r than .1 r at the i udon, upon

I the like natmv, and -JuMieiars f<.r d t' the (i,.

:.t Mart: :and in

! li man; -rom of old hath Ixv

\\ithin the vaid city or the -uhurhs thereof ari-

.11 cone, rn ound s, — as in on: -illy

'• should

made «•;

in any way cause t u ,,f our ^;

oresaid, to the p ens aforesaid. Witness my.-

th. pledge*, auunparnora, or mreti* ippeArance of the aecined.

H''» I.THKRTY 01' Till iIIV.nr.IN. -.Ft. iv.

' at "Westminster, this fifth day of July, in the eighteenth year of our ' reign.'

And, as before, they demanded that the Justiciars, contrary to the tenor of the grant aforesaid, should not, to the prejudice of tlio said citizens, proceed any further in the matter aforesaid. And the before- named Henry said, that it was not the intention that the Justiciars afore- said, by challenge of such a liberty at the sitting aforesaid, should allow Hhe matter to be in any way retarded. For he said, that although his lordship the King then reigning, by his said Charter, had granted unto the citizens aforesaid liberty as to holding such sittings of the Justiciars, in reference to certain causes, and as to certain places in the City and suburbs aforesaid, still, he had excepted all matters within the said limits arising [and] in any way concerning the said King or his heirs, etc. And as in the Commission aforesaid it was contained, that the said offence committed in contempt of his lordship the King, whereby it might be manifest and evident unto the Court here [sitting] that the said business did in some way concern his lordship in this behalf, etc. ; he demanded judg- ment, etc. ; and that they should proceed in the matter of the plaint aforesaid, etc.

A day was given unto the said citizens to hear judgment here, the Saturday next after the Feast of the Translation of Saint Thomas the Martyr [7 July]. And command was given unto the Sheriffs of London, that they should distrain the aforesaid Adam Brabazone, etc., l>v all his lands and chattels, that so neither they, etc. And that from the issues, etc. And that they should have their bodies here at the time aforesaid. And that they should take Walter, etc., if found, etc., and in safety, etc. That so they should have their bodies here at the time aforesaid.

Upon which day, the suit aforesaid remained ^without day [named], by reason of absence of the Justiciars, etc.

1 This passage is in an imperfect state in * In other words, the claim of the the original ; and we can only guess at its and citizens was allowed, meaning.

11 7

1 Of allowance of

2 Composition m<t <i the Citizens of London and tit

>se of A' * to the Gate of Bysshopi*

In ; i r of the reign of K \vard, son of King Henry,

•r of London, by reason lately of the ruinous > of a cei Oity aforesaid, that is called * Bisshoppesg

I a prolonged dispute between the said Mayor and the citizens

iforesaid, of the one part, and the merchants of the 3IIansc of

lAIinain«', in the said city tin -n dwelling, of the other part, as to the repair

he Gate aforesaid, which so threatened ruin ; to the building and

ir of which, the same merchants and others of the llanse aforesaid,

i tlie parts of Almaino unto the same city resorting, [were bound] in

im for certain liberties which the said merchants had in the city afore-

! which for a long time by reason of such building and tin -y had enjoyed, as such Mayor and citizens asserted; [and] upon which grounds the merchants aforesaid were distrained upon, although the}

11 opposi; to, that the same was not the case. And pending

such dispute, his lordship the King of England, at the suggestion of the

said M;i Writ sent word unto his Treasurer and

• >ns of the Exchequer that, calling tin- part it s before them and mak

as to the truth thereof, it' they should find that the said in

i to make repair <>t the said Gate, they should distrain them so M^tli, the parties ha\ ing appeared before the said Treasurer and •i nothing on chants was p

ought t<> n making siu-h repair, the more e>j

as it was fully clear .1 -at as to ;y which th< \

tore com the same Troasn:

1 Thin article luu htao inserted aireedy in pen«l i —16) from the duplicate pre»

|..« • '-'.'. . • . !., .1. t!i-- pi •.••,-.• •'•:*•!''.: ...•;: II . .

tion w the reeult of an overnight, the reader Towna, <t appear* in Dr. I.

418 m \I.M mre. :n.m.rt.iv.

Barons, tliat the Mayor and Sheriffs aforesaid should distrain them to n. such repair.

Whereupon, the merchants aforesaid, Gerard Mcrbode, Alderman of tin* Hanse aforesaid, Ludulph de l Cussard, citizen of Cologne, Luder de Dunc- vare, burgher of Tremonde, John de Areste, hurgher of Tremonde, ]>ei -tram de Hamburgh, burgher of Hamburgh, Godescalc de Hudendale, bur; of Tremonde, [and] John de Dole, burgher of Munster, then in the said city being, did, for themselves and for all the merchants and their assoc; whatsoever of the Hanse aforesaid, and at any times whatsoever resorting thereunto, for the benefit of peace in future, grant and promise unto the said Mayor and citizens of London, towards the repair of the Gate afore- said, two hundred and forty marks sterling of ready money, forthwith to be paid; and further, that they and their successors, merchants of the II aforesaid, would, so often as it should be necessary, at all times repair the said Gate, 2[and for the defence of such Gate, so often as it should be necessary to set ward upon the same], at all times sustain one-third part of the defence aforesaid, at their own costs and with their own men, in the upper parts of such Gate, the said Mayor and citizens sustaining their two-third parts for such safe keeping in the part below.

And, for the said peace and final agreement,.. the said Mayor and did grant unto the same merchants their liberties, which they had th tofore reasonably enjoyed, to have unto themselves and their successors, merchants of the Hanse aforesaid, for ever. And further, that for such repair and safe-keeping aforesaid they should be acqir for ever of 8Murage, so far as in them might lie; and that they should be at liberty to harbour within the City such corn as they nii^lit chance to bring thither for sale, and to sell the same at their own hostels and gra- naries for forty days from the time of the harbouring aforesaid, unless by his lordship the King, or by the Mayor and citizens, by reason of ihe dearness of com or for some other necessary cause, such harbouring thereof should be expressly prohibited.

They did also grant unto the same, that they should have their own Alderman, as in times theretofore they had had ; provided, !.

1 berg.

8 This omission is supplied fnun a copy * C««: preserved in Letter- Book < , au.l in La,.,

.] FOK U \ M\ Hi)

lerman should be of the freedom of the City aforesaid, and that, so

ii as by the merchants aforesaid he should be elected, he should be

presented unto the Mayor and Aldermen of the City, and before them

should make oath to do right and justice in all his Courts whatsoever, and

so to behave himself in his office, as, saving the rights and customs of the

, he ought to behave himself and had theretofore been wont to do. The its aforesaid did also grant that they and their successors, so

often as it should be necessary, should, for the repair and safe-keeping of the said Gate in form aforesaid, by the same Mayor and citizens be distrained.

All these things the parties aforesaid did grant and promise faithfully to observe. And for greater assurance unto the parties aforesaid that the same should be done, together with their own seals unto this writing in form of a1 chirograph between them made, al did

procuro that tin* l|eal of the Exchequer of his illustrious lordship the K

aid shouM, in perpetual remembrance of the premisses, be annexed. ••n at London, in the month of June, in the year above-mentioned.

For nil tic ,f (i J/,/;-/;

day of the month of June, in the s< hirtioth year

of the reign of King Edward, the Third [of that name] since the Con- quest, John de Briklesworth, Common Serjeant of the City of London, did shew unto S «le Cavendische and the Aldermen of the City of

London, that Robert Fourneux, late citizen and fishmonger of the « aforesaid, had died seized of divers t tti within the city aforesaid.

And he had a certain Ali. . . daughter of the said Robert, which Alice was under age, etc. As to whose marriage it was for the Mayor and Aldermen to make disposition and ordain, etc. And Andrew Pykman, citizen and fishmonger of the 8 took to wife Joanna, who was formerly the

wife of the said Robert ; by virtue of which espousals the said Andrew had

aforesaid Alice in hi* custody, etc. And the K tore-named J< who sued in behalf of the orphans of the City aforesaid, made < the before-named Andrew should bo warned to appear before

V "MM-

RR 2

{•;n i in: VAI I M\I;II . rt-'v

• >r and Aldermen upon a certain <1 . ami to brin.ir thitl-u r

.1 Alice, and further to do and . und'\vl:

And thereupon, command v ,1 unto William de Crenyngham.

jeant of the Chamber, to warn the before-named Andrew to appear he fore tlie Mayor and Aldermen before-mentioned on the Monday next before the Feast of the Translation of Saint Thomas the Martyr [7 July] then next ensuing, etc. ; and to bring thither the before-named Alice.

Upon which day, the before-named Andrew, upon summons on him made, appeared in his own person, etc. And enquiry was made of the said Andrew, whether the before-named Alice was in his custody, and whether or not she had been married, etc. And he said that the before- named Alice was in his custody, and that the said Alice was not married, etc. And thereupon, command was given unto the before-named Andrew, that he should not give the before-named Alice in marriage without a> of the Mayor and Aldermen, in such manner as from of old had been wont to be done, under pain of losing the value of the 1maritage of the aforesaid Alice, etc. And this the before-named Andrew, before the Mayor and Aldermen before-mentioned, did agree to do, etc.

Which Andrew did afterwards marry the before-named Alice to one Robert, the son of Giles Pykman, against the prohibition of the V. and Aldermen, in contempt of his lordship the King and of the Court al said, etc. And the said Andrew was afterwards questioned, before the Mayor and Aldermen before-mentioned, why he had so given in man

l>efore-named Alice, against the prohibition of them, etc. And the said Andrew did acknowledge that he had given in marriage the b- foi< -n; Alice unto the before-named Robert, etc. And forasmuch as the Court did wish to take counsel as to giving judgment thereupon and as to the value of the maritage of the before-named Alice, a day was given unto the before-named Andrew for hearing judgment thereon, the M<»n<! before the Feast of Saint Dunstan [19 May] then n« xt cn.Miing. And the before-named Andrew was committed to prison for his contempt, etc.

And in the meantime command was given unto the Sheriff, that In* should make to appear here four-and- twenty reputable and lawful men, <>t the four Wards that lay nearest to that in which the aforesaid Robert di.d,

1 The right of giving a female orphan in «l..n, to the Mayor and Commonalty of tin- marriage ; which in certain cases belonged to • the superior lord ; and, as to citizens of Lon-

x OF >n K'l

and wh- .d had t« , to make inquisition as to the value of the

maritage of Alice before- named. And afterwards, process was continued

until the Friday after the Feast of All Saints [1 November] in

>even-and-thirticth year ah- :. .iud next ensuing; upon which

>rc-named John de Bryklesworthe appeared, etc. Therefore

[orders were given] to proceed to the taking of such Inquisition. And

jurors appeared, by Robert Pycot, etc. Who said, upon oath, that

the aforesaid maritage of Alice, daughter of Robert Fourneux, was of the

10 of four-and-forty pounds sterling.

It was therefore awarded, that the before-named Andrew should forfeit

th«- Naluc of the maritage of the before-named Alice, daughter of Robert

rbicb l.y Inquisition was so valued at four-and-forty pounds.

that the same Andrew should pay unto the Chamberlain of the Guild-

hall of London the before-named four-and-forty pounds for his contempt

aforesaid, cte. Which monies were to remain in the hands of the Chum-

Of Jettison <:' V .'from ////• .V

• Cinque Ports of his lordship the King, and in like

of 'Gen :id others of the realm of England,

tint unto his lonMiip the Kinjj, that whereas on occasion when it

me of them had let a ship of his for carrying wines or

r merchandize unto Kn^lnnd, Gascoigne, or Wales, and it had become

necessary for the people on board, by reason of stormy weather coming on

at sea, to make jettison for saving such ship, in some cases of ten tuns,

•om«-tim«"« forty, or a greater number or less, it had

been the usage, time out of mind, and unto the said Barons conceded, i

Hi" ship on board of which such wines or merchandize \\i\\

..11 :•- T.I. JJ. . -liquid In- quit of making or procuring any kind of aid wl

soever [by way • Union] for Mich j. ttison, save only that such ship

should lose its freight for the tuns or merchandize so cast into the sea ; —

'Gregory de Rokcsl* leys, and other merchants of his lord-

ship the King, as well ..f Kngland [and] Gascoigne, as of Inland, the

•Ik. 1281, 1282, 12&<

I and 1284, aiul 12WL

•••v.-ial l nt.-i in. -li.it. • yeftTft.

nuOD OF MI-:K( HAM.' [B.m.i'i.iv.

territory of his lordship the King, did of their own mere will compel tlie aforesaid Barons of the Cinque Ports, and others the mariners of the realm of England, to appraise their ships, together witli all tackle and ringing unto such ships pertaining, as also with the wines and other goods in such ships being, towards making good and restoring the wines or goods into the sea so cast, unto those to whom the property [so cast] into the sea did belong, to the most grievous loss and impoverishment of the said Barons and mariners, in contravention of the liberties unto them granted, etc.

And the aforesaid Gregory and Henry, together with many merchants of England and Gascoigne, appeared, and, after hearing as well the reasons of the said merchants as of the Barons and mariners aforesaid, it was by the said King and his Council provided, granted, and fully awarded, that for the future : — In the first place, the ship in which such merchandize or wines should be, together with all the rigging thereof, the ring of the ship-master worn by him upon his finger, the victuals of the sailors, the utensils in common use for preparing their meals, the neck-chain, belt, and silver cup belonging to the ship-master, from which he should drink (in case he should have one), should be quit of contributing aid towards jettison into the sea aforesaid. And also, that* there should be saved unto the mariners their freight for such wines and other goods in the ship being as should be saved ; and that the ship-master should lose his freight for the tuns or goods into the sea so cast. And that all other the goods in such ship being, as well of the mariners as of the imivhants, such as wines, merchandize, monies Jin gross, beds, and other goods and wares (save and except the ship aforesaid, with the tackle and ri^in^ thereof, the victuals of the sailors, the utensils for preparing their m the neck-chain, belt, silver cup, ring, and freight of such goods as should be saved), should in future be appraised, for contributing aid and making good the property or wines so cast into .the sea from such ship, 1»\ iva-<m of the tempestuous state of the sea, etc.

That no Stranger shall W/ unto another Stranycrfoi

' Edward, by the grace of God, King of England and Frame, and Lord * of Ireland, to the Sheriffs of London, greeting. AVi : the

1 Packed in larp «Jnantitu-.s for tnuisini-

IEDW TO STRA

' cation of our \v. 11-beloved and trusty, the Mayor, Aldermen, and citizens

4 of our city of London, by tln-ir 1 before us in our Great Council of

' lute exhibited, setting f»rth, among other things, that, whereas all

rangers within the liberties of the city aforesaid do as freely sell unto

a or strangers any merchandize whatsoever, for the resale thereof, as

riti/ens themselves of the city aforesaid; seeing that such strangers,

* by reason of the liberties of the city aforesaid from of old obtained,

it her ought to, nor could, so do, both the said citizens are more than ' usually impoverished and damnified, and the merchandize aforesaid is ' rendered much more dear thereby ; and that many disadvantages, as well 4 unto the city aforesaid as to our whole realm of England, as they say, arc ' reckoned as likely in these days to ensue therefrom ; we have granted, by 1 our letters patent, that no stranger shall, within the liberties of the City 1 aforesaid, sell any such merchandize unto another stranger, or in any way ' presume to sell the same, for further resale thereof, until by the peers

<i nobles of our realm of England, in our next Parliament, it shall h

* br« discussed whether our present concession may in future redound

the disadvantage or to the common advantage of our people ; saving

' always unto the lords of our realm aforesaid, and unto all others, that

4 they may there buy all such merchandise for their own use of all persons

gross; and also, saving unt« , -hauls of ihellanse of Alniaine

ir librrtii-s unto them by us and our progenitors granted and con-

' firmed ; as in the said letters is more fully contained : — We do command

i, that you cause our letters aforesaid, and all matters 1 1,, rein con-

\\ithin your liberties, in such places as you shall deem most

in our behalf publiely to bo proclaimed, and i nceforth

* 1 >y all persons there strictly to be observed, according to the tenor of our

tors aforesaid. NYitn«>>, myself, at Westminster, this fourth day of ' December, in the fiftieth year of our reign in England, and of our reign ' in Franco thirty-seven.' — By the Great Couii-

// no Stranger thallwU by IMail, F«L 249 A.

v ml. by the grace of God, King of England and France, and Lord

hind, to the Sheriffs of Ixmdon, greeting. Whereas at the suppli-

' cation of our \\t ll-ln-lovi-d and trusty, the II.. .« n, and citizens

i.. Mid. -n. unto us by their Petition in our la.st Parliament

ITEIta <»K mi: .MS

' exhibited, and there, with the assent of the prelates, peers, and nobl< ' our realm of England, us in the same Parliament assisting, endorsed. ' have by our letters patent granted, for ourselves and our heirs, unto the ' before-named Mayor, Aldermen, and citizens of the city aforesaid, and

* their successors, that no stranger shall in future sell any mcirhandi/e in ' the same city, or in the suburbs thereof, by retail, or shall keep hostel or 1 be broker in the said city and suburbs, any Statutes or Ordinances made ' to the contrary notwithstanding ; saving always unto the merchants of 4 the Ilanse of Almaine their liberties unto them by us and our progenitors 1 granted and confirmed, as in the same letters is more fully contained : — ' We do command you, that you cause our letters aforesaid, and all matters

* therein contained, within your bailiwick, in such places as you shall derm ' most expedient, on our behalf publicly to be proclaimed, and from hence- ' forth by all persons there strictly to be observed, according to the tenor ' of the letters aforesaid. Witness myself, at Westminster, this fourth day ' of December, in the fiftieth year of our reign in England, and of our ' reign in France thirty-seven.' — By Bill in Parliament.

Of the Penalty far rebelling against the Masters of t,

Item, it is ordained that all the mysteries of the City of London shall be lawfully regulated and governed, each according to its nature in due manner, that so no knavery, false workmanship, or deceit, shall l>e found in any manner in the said mysteries ; for the honour of the good folks of the said mysteries, and for the common profit of the people. And in < mystery there shall be chosen and sworn four or six, or more or less, according as the mystery shall need ; which persons, so chosen and sworn, shall have full power from the Mayor well and lawfully to do and to perform the same.

And if any person of the said mysteries shall be rebellious, contradictory, or fractious, that so such persons may not duly perform their duties, and shall thereof be attainted, he shall remain in prison, the first time. t< -n days, and shall pay unto the Commonalty ten shillings for such contempt : and the second time, he shall remain in prison twenty days, and shall pay t \\cnty .shillings unto the Commonalty. And the third time, he shall remain in prison thirty day-, and shall pay thirty shillings unto the Com-

BB I- ou l: Ml..

ilty. And i '..•• shall remain in prison fort

shall pay forty shillings unto the Commonalty.

Of Admission to the freedom of the City.

* Also, because as will in times past, out of memory, as also in mod

\ is wont to 1' led and governed by the ai«l

' a; id counsels as well of the reputable men of the trades-merchant as of t lie

' other trades-handicraft ; and from of old it hath been the usage, that no

range person, native or alien, as to whose coi; i and condition

4 there is no certain knowledge, shall be admitted to the freedom of the

1 City, unless first, the merchants or traders of the City following the trade

' which the person so to be admitted intends to adopt, shall be lawfully

:ivok"d; that so, by such his fellow -tit i/ens, so convoked, th< and

' Al iforesaid, being certified as to the condition and trustworthiness

' of the persons so to be admitted, may know whether such persons

ight to be admitted or rejected; — the whole community d

. that tin form aforesaid, so far as concerns the more ' 'important -id handicrafts, shall in future lx> inviolaUy oh>cr-

1 that so no person in future may airai:i-t the provision aforesaid be admitted lorn oftl.

Of Tenants for term of Life or tit Tail.

\Vher.-as heretofore it has oftentimes ha] -Jiat \\lu-re many good

folk* of the City of London have devised their lands, rents, and t» n< n. unto their \vivt • >!' life, or to others for term of life or in lee tail.

11 decease the remainder of the said hinds, rents, and t

. or to others, for in fee tail, or in

And in cases where the reversion was reserved after tin- «'.

a, or after the estate tail <1 • i mined, [the said dor- men] were to have the said estates ; others who had onl \

tail, the lands, rents, or tenements, so devised to them, have

natrd the same in fee u ige persons and others, with clause of

win > the disinheritance ot the » hildren and others unto whom the

« U, jicrli.i

426 A I I OF LIHKUTY OF Till. < II Y. [B.m.

remainder was belonging, contrary to the will of the testator : — It is tin iv- fore ordained, by common assent of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commons, thereunto summoned, that no person from henceforth, who shall demand any lands, or tenements, or rents in the City of London, or in the suburbs thereof, by force of any right reserved unto him or unto his ancestors after the death of any tenant for term of life, or after any estate tail determined, or by force of any estate entailed upon him or upon his ancestors, after tho death of any tenant for term of life, or after any estate tail determined, shall, in the case aforesaid, be barred by any deed containing warranty of any such who have no estate therein except for term of life or in fee tail, even though such person be heir unto any one of them ; unless he hold by descent in fee simple, so as to be barred to the value of that which has so descended to him in fee simple.

Of allowance of tJic Liberty of the City of London.

Richard, son of Walter Gibbe, was for many defaults amerced.

The same Richard was attached to make answer unto Ralph Gubbe as to a plea wherefore by force and arms he, in London, took the said Ralph, imprisoned, and maltreated him, and other enormities, etc., to the grievous loss, etc., and against the peace, etc. And the same Ralph made complaint that the aforesaid Richard, on the Sunday next before Lent, in the tenth year of the King then reigning, by force and arms in London, that is to say, in the Ward of Bridge, did take him the said Ralph, imprison, and for the six weeks thence next ensuing, did detain him in prison ; when -1>\ he said, he was damnified, and had received damage, to the value of i« pounds, and thereon he produced his suit, etc. And the aforesaid liiehard in his own person appeared, and denied the force and injury, i

And hereupon, appeared William de Burgh, attorney of the Mayor and Commonalty of the City of London, and demanded their liberty tin it in. And enquiry was made of the aforesaid William, attorney, etc., uhere and when, in such case, that liberty was allowed unto them. Who said, that it had been so done in the Term of Saint Hillary, in the ninth year of the King then reigning (Roll 71), between Thomas le Longe, complainant, and John de Lyntone, of London ; and also, in the Term of Saint Michael, in the tenth year of the King then reigning (Roll 69), beiu. , n Kdmund Uaielle, complainant, and William de Topfeld, etc.

IS K FIRST MONAIK II 0

oy were to have their 1U> etc. And thereupon,

Ham de Burgh, bci lioued, the attorney, etc., named a day

1 .1 the parties at the Guildhall of London, the Monday ncx ist of Saint James the Apostle [25 July] then next ensuing. And it was told him, that he must do speedy justice unto parties, for that otherwise they were to return, etc.

Statutes an- inces as to removing Kidek an ,\e*

an<l V tje.

Brut the first Monarch of Britain.

In the year frmn tin- beginning of the "World 4032, and before our Lord's that is now called ' London,' founded in imitation

of Great Troy, was constructed and built by King *Br :irst monarch

of Britain, being at first [called] ' New Troy/ and afterwards * Triuova of \\hirh Inundation, building, and construction, tlu ri\< -r Thames was the cause. And of this < r, both Dukes, Mayors, "Wardens, Sho

and nobles, [citizens] of the befon. -incut ioiu-d city, have re had and held the governan

Saint Edward the Confessor, and WiHinm ///< Cumjnenr.

In the Laws and Statutes promulgated by Saint Edward the Confessor, : by his lordship King William, the Conqueror of England, confirmed, it is contained to tin- li.ll.. \\-ing effect: —

4 Therefore in London, which is the head of the realm and of the laws, ' and always the Court of his lordship the King, t ing8 ought to sit

' and bo holden on the Monday in each week. For it was form ' founded after the \ and manner, and in remembrance, of Great

oy, and to the present day contains \\ it hin itnelf the laws and ordinances* ' dignities, liberties, and royal customs, of a < Jreat Troy. In

fore are kept the intricate accounts, and the difficult pleas of 1 the Crown, and the Courts of his lordship the King for all the realm

1 Sw ,.;^o o4 ,.«/,, Note :<.

CI1 UITKR.S AS TO REMOVAL OK KI1'. 01.fi,

' And she alone ever dotli invariably preserve her own usages and ' customs, wherever such King may be. whether upon an expedition or < 4 where, by reason of the tumults of the nations and peoples of the ivalin ; ' in accordance with the ancient customs of our good forefathers and ' predecessors, and of all the princes, nobles, and wise seniors of all the 4 realm aforesaid/

King Richard the First. Of Kidels.

His lordship King Richard, son of King Henry the Second, by his Charter, made in the eighth year of his reign, for the salvation of his soul, and for the salvation of the soul of the before-named King Henry, his father, [and] of the souls of his ancestors, as also for the common advantage of his city of London and of all his realm, did grant and strictly ei that all Ridels that were in Thames should be removed, wheresoever in Thames they might be ; and that for the future no Kidels should be placed anywhere in Thames. He did also quit-claim of all that which the War of his Tower at London were wont to receive yearly for t lie Kidels aforesaid. For that it was fully evident unto him, and by his venerable Primate, Hubert, Archbishop of Canterbury, and by others his faithful subjects, his said lordship the King had been sufficiently given to understand, that the greatest detriment and disadvantage did accrue unto his aforoaid city of London, as also unto the whole realm of England, by reason of such Kidels, — as in the said Charter is more fully contained.

h'ing John, brother of the said Richard. Of removing the K'ul A.

His lordship King John, brother of the aforesaid King Richard, by his Charter, made in the first year of his rei^-n, in manner and form al.«,\, . in the Charter of his said lordship King Richard, set forth, did stiv grant and command, that all Kidels that were in Thames or in M should be removed, wheresoever in Thames or in Medewaye they mi^ht be; and that in future no Kidels should be placed anywhere in Thames or in Medewaye, under forfeiture of ten pounds sterling. He did also quit- claim, as above, for that it had been made fully evident unto him by \\\<

^ • Bete, !<>?• tin- t.ik

it II!.]

p of Ca: iaitht'ul

. as to tln« v.-ry _• .iid disad '-rue

> the sai is also unto t n aim, l>y reason of the Ki said, — as in the same Charter is more fully co

I of England. Of removing the Kidek.

In tin- Great Charter of the Liberties of England, made by his lord ig John, in the seventeenth year of his ivign, by counsel of

tinces, S Archbishop of Canterbury, Primate of all

land and Cardiii holy Roman Church, and of the other Bishops

of th- r. aim, of Master Pandulph, Subdeacon and Familiar of his lordship

Pope, Innocent the Third, and of other the Earls, Barons, P» Nobles, and the Commons of the realm aforesaid, and for ever, under pain of excommunication by his lordship Pope Innocent aforesaid, and all

hops and Bishops of the realm aforesaid, [to be pronounced], inviolably to be observed, and by all the succeeding Kings of England in all and »-v, iy t - nts confirmed, among other things it is set

said shnli 11 its am"

and free customs, as w. !1 1>\ land u r: and that all Ki-U-ls shall

in future be wholly removed from Thames and Medewaye, as also through- out all England, the sea-coasts excepted.

The on, h year of King Henry, «w of King John. Of seiz

of the K\del% ami thrir Oicners.

year of the reign of King Henry, son of

John, in the month ot ] , Andrew Bokerelle, the then Mayor of

London, and men of the sa \vere given to understand,

:ny K idols were laid in Tl:am«-- contrary to

• »f Lond< «'rs by his said lordship K

and granted, and the Great < l>y his aforesaid lord

Kin:; John, as before stated, made and confirmed. Upon hearing wl.

y common assent and con Jordan do Covent i itl Ct the same city, and

OF KIDKI>. [B. in. It. iv.

many others with him, armed, to seize those Kidels, and to bring with them to London those who should be working at" such Kidels.

Who accordingly, on the Saturday next after the Feast of the Epiphany [6 January] in the year above-mentioned, found thirty Kidels, beyond ^enlande, towards the sea, and arresting the master-mariners thereof, two excepted, brought them with them unto London; namely, four master- mariners of Rochester, seven master-mariners of the liberty of

Fol. 2M A. J

the Temple in 2Strode, three master-mariners of Clyve, and other fourteen master-mariners ; all which eight-and-twenty mariners aforesaid were sent to Neugate. At length, at suit of the friends of the said mariners, by writ of his said lordship the King unto the Mayor and other chief men of the city aforesaid directed, they were bailed until the next arrival near unto London of his said lordship the King.

Afterwards, his said lordship the King, the said Mayor, Sheriffs, and chief men, in obedience to his precept appearing at Kenyngtone, caused them to be asked and interrogated, for what reason or for what offence they, the Mayor and chief men, had with such rash daring arrested his liege men aforesaid, and them so unjustly imprisoned. Who, making answer thereto, said that they had justly arrested and imprisoned them for four manifest causes. First, because that they, against the honour of God, and to the very great detriment of the whole realm, working at the said Kidels, were found to be offenders against the liberties of the said city, and in like manner, misdoers in many respects. Secondly, because that they acted therein against the dignity of the royal crown. Thirdly, [because that the same was] against the liberties unto the City of London gran as already stated, and confirmed. Fourthly, because that they had incu i the sentence of excommunication in the Great Charter, as already mentioned, contained.

And this the Mayor and chief men aforesaid by many reasons unto his said lordship the King set forth and proved; so that the said ma> mariners were convicted before his said lordship the King, and each of them incurred an amercement of ten pounds; his said lordship the Kinir, by William de Haley, adjudging and granting the said amercement unto the chief men of London : the following persons then and there

1 The present Yantiet Creek, running into » Now Strood, n the Mctlway.

thereat, li p the Ar-libishop of York, the Bishop of

Chi< : >r of his lord King, the Bishop of Car-

1 of Line

the Karl \Villiam de York, Robert do Lexintone, Peter de

. Thomas Moletone, and William de 1 •' was

discussed on the Saturday next after the Feast of the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary [2 February], in the twentieth year above- mentioned, «••

And further, many nets belonging to these persons were burnt by judgment of the Hustings.

The 9Me*-and-thu'ticth year of King Henry aforesaid. Of Wears

I Nets.

'In the year of our Lord 1253, and the sevon-ond-thirtieth year of the reign of King Henry aforesaid, Nicholas Batte being then Mayor of City of London, [and] Richard Pycardc and John de Northamptone being i Sheriffs of the same city, on the tenth day of October in the year aforesaid, the water of Thames rose to a greater height than it had < done in our times. In the same year, about I, '.\\ of M iddlescx,

by precept of his lordship the King, caused to be destroyed all the wean stood throughout the whole of Thames, towards the West At t , many nets, seeing that they were harmful, were burnt in Westchepe. In th«- same year, before 2Pentecost, the Sherifis of London, seeing that Thames pertains unto London, by precept of his said lordship King, destroyed all the other wears between London and the sea. lie same year, on the nine-aiid-tv day of May, her lad;.

n put to sea, to pass over to Gascoigii to meet 1 the

King ; and Edward, her son, with her, to espouse the sister of the King of Spain.

. since the Conquest the Third [of that *an*\9—ikt elerenth year [of his reign]. Of Ridels.

lordship King Henry, son of King John, by his Charter, made in

Thii Chapter » taken almost verbatim by the Camden Society, n the Liber d* A**j*i* LcgOm* pro. uteuntide.

- \M) I \ [R. in. n. iv.

the eleventh year of his rei^ni, in manner and form in the Charter of the said King John, his father, above set forth, did strictly grant and command, that all Kidels that were in Thames or in Medewaye should be n in wheresoever in Thames or in Medeway they might be ; and that in futuiv no Kidels should be placed in Thames or in ^Iede\vay, under forfeit uiv • »!' ten pounds sterling. He did also quit-claim, as above, etc. For that it was fully evident unto him, and by his faithful subjects he had 1 sufficiently given to understand, that the greatest detriment and dis- advantage did accrue unto the aforesaid city of London, as also unto the whole of his realm, by reason of the Kidels aforesaid, etc., — as in the B) Charter is sufficiently set forth.

King Edward the First, — the thirteenth year [of his reign]. Of ^

Engines.

His lordship King Edward, son of King Henry, in his Parliament hold en at Westminster in the thirteenth year of his reign, with the assent of the Archbishops, Bishops, Earls, Barons, Knights, and other nobles him assist i 1 1 ^ , did, among other things, ordain and establish, that the waters of Humhiv, Ouse, Trent, Dun, Eyr, Derwent, [and] Werk, should be put under prohibi- tion as to the taking of salmon, from the Day of the Nativity of the BL Virgin Mary [8 September] to the Day of Saint Martin [11 November]. And in like manner, that no fry of salmon should be taken or d< by nets or by other engines, at mill-dams, from the middle of April to the Nativity of Saint John the Baptist [24 June] ; and that in the parts where such rivers are, [there should be] Conservators of the said Statute, who, being sworn thereto, should make view and enquire as to such offe: from time to time.

And upon the first offence, [the offenders] were to be punished by the burning of their nets and engines; and if they should again be guilty thereof, they were to be punished by imprisonment for one year; and so, according as the offence should be repeated, the punishment inflicted was to be increased.

King Edward the Third,— the Jh'xt >/<ar [of his reign]. Of A His lordship Edward the Third, by his Charter, made in the li

Erm §] \

of his reign, London, and in return for

good and prti o which his well-beloved citizens, the M;i

Aldermen, and Commonalty ol foresftiil had 1 >re done

unto him and his progenitors on manifold occasion- with the

ass« -named Earls, Barons, and the whole of the Commons

of his realm, in his Parliament at Westminster convoked, grant, and by his said Charter confirm, for himself and his heirs, imi«» the eiti/ensof tin- < i * v aforesaid divers liberties, to ire, and

C66BOFB, for (

Iii the first place, whereas in the Great Charter of the Liberties of Eng- land, among other things it is contained, that the City of London shall have all its ancient liberties and its free customs ; and the said citizens, at the time <.f making of the said Charter, and in the times of Saint Edward, King and Confessor, and of \Villium the Conqueror, and of others his pro^r tors, had had divers liberties and customs, as well by Charters of such his progenitors, as of ancient usage without Charter; as to the whieh, at di

V and other Courts of his said progenitors, as well by i its as by

Stat y had lx times assailed, and by judgment were depr.

reof ; — he, his said lordship, King Edward the Third, did will and did gi himself and his heirs, that the same

citizens should have their liberties, according to the form of the Great Charter above-mentioned, and that [all] impediments or usurpations, upon in that In-half, should b< d and annulled. And that

said citizens should and take all I i the waters of

Thames and Medewaye, and should have the j>uni>hmi •nt^ then f..i \ Iving pertaining.

Th* Statutes of King E<1

tix- year* tf Of Oorces, Mill*, Stanks, Stoke*,

K

At a Parliament summoned at Westminster, the Monday in the first week of Lent, in the five-and-i ir <*t the reign of King Edward.

name] since the Conquest, it was, an things,

• the Great Charter and th. Forest should in all points be hoM

.\:\ 1 vi M i i B AS TO KETB [». ni.pt. IT.

Item, whereas in the Statute made at \\Yvt minster in the 1 five-and-tw< i » - tii-tli year, among other things, it was ordained and accorded, IHVUU«O that the common passage of ships and hoats in the great rivers of England was oftentimes impeded by the raising of 2gorces, mills, 3stanks, 4stakes, and kidels, to the great damage of the people: — it was accorded and esta- blished, that all such gorces, mills, stanks, stakes, and kidels, as w»- re- raised and set up in the time of the King, the grandsire [of the then reigning King], and since, in such rivers, whereby ships and boats were impeded, that so they could not pass as they were wont, should be removed and wholly abated, without being reinstated. And thereupon, Writs should be sent unto the Sheriffs of places where it might be necessary, to survey and enquire, and to make execution thereon ; and also, Justices were thereupon to be assigned at all times when need should be.

And now, at the grievous complaint of the great men and the commons,

made in the said present Parliament, making plaint by their Petition, that

the said Statute was not duly executed or observed, according to the effect

thereof, B[it was accorded and established, that the said Statute in tin's

point should be holden and observed, according to the effect thereof;]

adding thereto, that if any such nuisance should be abated by due process

contained in the said Statute, such person as should cause the said nuisaix v

to be reinstated, and should thereof be duly attainted, should incur a

penalty of one hundred marks as towards the King, [to be levied] by

estreat in the Exchequer ; and the like law should hold as to nuisance

made by the heightening of such gorces, mills, stanks, stakes, and kidels,

as to the new raising thereof.

The Statute of King Richard the Second, in the thirteenth year [of his reiyii].

Of Nets.

In the Statute made at Westminster, the Monday next after the Feast of Saint Hillary [13 January], in the thirteenth year of the reign of Kinjj Richard, the Second since the Conquest [of that name], the Statute of

1 Of Edward I IL purpose of intercepting the passage of il,.-

8 A name given to certain kinds of wears. fish.

* A name given to dams of water. * This passage has IMM-H <>mitt«,l, through

4 Driven into the beds of riven? for the in.-uh -i-rfc -nee, in the "ritual. St-e j-.

We •• second, abo\ . adding thereto ;

\as not to be taken throughout the -aid :u- stanks of

mills or elsewhere, under the same penalty; and that no fisherman

•r utluT person, of whatever estate or condition In- mi^ht be, tli< •!!< •• •!'• ie in tho waters of Thames, Ilumber, Ouse,

r in any ot! realm, throughout the .-; . or

at any other iv nets called ' ttalken,' or ot - or

engines whatsoever, whereby tin- fry or brood of salmon, lampreys, or of any other li>h whatsoever, might in any manner be taken or destrox under tho pain aforesaid.

And also, whereas it is contained in the »m\. , tliat all

waters in which salmon an taken throughout the realm shall be

d under prohibition as to th< : of salmon, from the Day of the

\ of our Lady [8 J^ rj until the Day of Saint Martin

[11 November] ; it is ordained and a^n-d, that the waters of 2 Lowe, Wy re,

Merse, Ribbil, and all other waters in the County of Lancaster, shall bo

placed under prohibition as to the taking of salmon, from the Day of Saint

had until the Day of the Purification of on and at no other time

1'V reason that salmon are not seasonable in the said wa during ; aforesaid: and in the parts where sueli riv. ix air, there

shall be assigned and sworn good and Miih< icnt Conservators of the said

t \Vestminht they may [punish] offenders according to

dty in the same Statute contained, without shewing any favour therein.

of King Richard the Second, in the seventeenth year [of his 7/1]. Of the Contereators of t >et.

At the Parliament holden at Westminster, a fortnight after Saint lury [13 January], in the seventeenth year of the reign of King Richard the Second, forasmuch as n< ith* r the Statute of Westminster the Second, above-written, nor the Statute of the said King Richard, made in the thirteenth year of his reign, above specified, was duly executed, for default of good Conservators, as the said King Richard had understood by plaint

1 A garth WM a pUoe formed at the ode of * Probably the Lone or Lune, in Lanca-

< OH UK \\ VII.K ni- IH UCI r,.n.rt.n.

unto him in the said Parliament, in his seventeenth year, made : in such Parliament it was accorded and agreed, that tin- <>f the peaee in

all the Counties of England should be Conservators of the said Statutes in the Counties in which they should so be Justices. And that they, and every of them, at all times when they could attend thereto, should examine the misprisions and defaults attempted contrary to the Statutes aforesaid, and also should survey and search all gorces in such rivers, that the same were not too narrow, to the destruction of such fry and brood, but of reasonable opening according to the ancient Assize. —

' And that the said Justices, or such of them as shall find default or ' misprision against the Statutes aforesaid, shall inflict due punishment ' upon the trespassers, according to the contents of the said Statutes. And ' that the said Justices shall appoint good and sufficient sub-conservators of ' the said Statutes, under them ; who shall be sworn, upon view, to make

* like search and punishment, without shewing any favour therein. And ' that, in addition thereto, the said Justices, at their Sessions, shall make ' enquiry, as well by virtue of their own office as upon the information of ' the sub-conservators aforesaid, as to all trespasses, misprisions, and ' defaults, committed against any of the points aforesaid, and shall make

* to appear before them those who are indicted ; and if they be convi

* thereof, they shall be imprisoned, and shall pay a fine, at the discretion ' of the same Justices.

' And if it be at the information of any one of the sub-conservators

* aforesaid, the same sub-conservator shall have one half of such fine.

' And whereas it has been granted unto the citizens of London ' by the progenitors of his lordship the King, that they may ' remove and take all Ridels in the waters of Thames and Medewa y, and ' that they may have the punishments therefor unto the Ring per- ' taining : — his lordship the Ring in this present Parliament, with the ' assent aforesaid, hath granted that the Mayor or Warden of London, for 1 the time being, shall have the Conservancy of the Statutes aforesaid, and ' shall make due execution thereof, and like punishment as is before ' ordained as to Justices of the peace, in the said water of Thames from 1 Staines Bridge unto London, and from thence throughout in the ' water, and in the said water of Medeway, so far as pertains unto the said « citizens, as before mentioned/

GORCE8, MILLS, S,

rd [II.], in '/ :///].

— Penally >: irks. — Of Gorces, Mills, Stan!, .

Kidels.

At the Parliament holden at Westminster, in the one-and-r

ign of King Richard the Second, it was ordained that :— 4 Whereas by his lordship Edward, late King of England, grandsire of r Lord now reigning, in the five-and- twentieth year of his reign, because 4 t hat t he common passage of ships and boats in the great rivers of Engl 4 was oftentimes impeded by the raising of gorces, mills, stanks, and kidels, ' to the great damage of the people, it was accorded and established, t * all such gorces, mills, stanks, and kidels, as were raised and

srt up in tli« time of King Edward, son of King Henry, and since, in the 4 said rivers, whereby ships and boats were impeded, that so they could 4 not pass as they were wont, should be removed and wholly ab;r 4 without being reinstated ; and that writs should thereupon be sent unto the places where it might be necessary, to surrey and enquire, and 4 to make ex. ices were thereupon to bo assigned

4 at all times when need should be.

'And afterwards, at the grievous complaint of the great men and the

4 commons, made in the Parliament of the said King Edward, the grand -

4 sire, in the h've-and-fortieth year of his reign, complaining by th«-Jr

: i that t he sa i 6 was not duly executed or observed, according

4 to the effect thereof, it was accorded and established that the said Statute

'in this point should be holden and observed, according to the effect there-

4 of; adding , that if any such nuisance should bo abated by due

4 process contained in the said Statute, such person as should cause the

4 said nuisance to be reinstated, and should thereof bo duly attainted, should

•ur a penalty of one hundred marks, as towards the King, to l»

estreat i: r ; and the like law H!

4 made by the heightening of such gorces, mills, stanks, stakes, and kidels, 4 as to the new raising thereof,— as in the said Statutes more fully appears. 4 And now, at the request of the said Commons, shewing by tl

t the common passage for ships and boats in the ^n i of

^land, and also, meadows and pastures, and sown lands, adjoining \\ ~..'.<l livers, are greatly molested, beset, wasUxl, and di>ti.

BTATUTS AS TO GORCI.s, MII.I>, <I\N:^. ,.h. [B. m.rt. ,v.

' outrageous heightening and straightening of gorces, mills, stanks, stakes,

' and kidels, in ancient times made and raised, before the time of the said

' King Edward, son of King Henry; whereby great damages and losses

1 have oftentimes befallen the people of the realm, and will beta 11

Fol. 253 B.

* them from day to day, if some remedy be not applied thereto : — ' It is accorded and established, with the assent aforesaid, that the said ' Statutes shall in all their articles be holden and strictly observed, and

* duly executed, together with the penalties, and according to the effect ' thereof; added whereunto, that Commissions shall be made in due form ' unto sufficient persons to be Justices in each County of England, where need

* shall be, for surveying and guarding the waters and great rivers there,

* and for correcting and amending defaults, and making due execution of ' the said Statutes, according to the effect thereof; as well by their sur

' advice, and discretion, as by Inquests to be taken thereon, within the ' franchise and without, [if] and when need shall be ; and to hear and ' determine the matters aforesaid ; and, in addition thereto, to survey the

* gorces, mills, stanks, stakes, and kidels, in ancient times made and raised, ' before the time of the said King Edward, son of King Henry ; and those ' which they shall find too high or too narrow, to correct, abate, and amend, ' in manner and form aforesaid ; saving always the reasonable subsistence ' of the gorces, mills, stanks, stakes, and kidels aforesaid, so in ancient

* times made and raised. And if any such nuisances of gorces, mills,

* stanks, stakes, and kidels, of passages and straights, anciently made und ' raised, shall be adjudged or awarded by the said Justices to be abated and ' amended, he who shall have the freehold thereof, shall do execution ' thereupon, at his own charges, within half a year after notification unto ' him to do the same, under pain of paying one hundred marks unto the ' King, by estreat in the Exchequer ; and he who shall cause the same to

* be reinstated, heightened, or straightened, contrary to the said judgment, ' and shall thereof be duly convicted, shall incur a penalty of one hundred

* marks, to be paid unto the King by estreat in the Exchequer aforesaid. ' And in case any person shall feel himself aggrieved by execution or in ' any other way in that behalf, contrary to right and reason, he shall sue

* and shall have his right and remedy.'

-I \M I i. \- K) K!h II - \M» S

,1/1 Of Kidelx a

h'lldni at \\Y-tmin-t.T on the Feast of Saint Faith in [6 October], in the first year of the reign of King Henry.

the Conquest [of that name], among otlu r Articles, thi- \vas ordained : —

' Also, whereas :, late King ui id, in the five-and-twentieth

' year of his ivi-n, because that the common passage of ships and boats, V as ^bove. ' And now, at the n quest of the said Commons, shewing ' 1)\ their I Vt it ion that the common passage for ships and boats in the great ' rivers of England, and also, meadows and pastures, and sown lands, ' adjoining unto the said rivers, are greatly molested, beset, wasted, and ' destroyed, by the outrageous heightening and straightening of gorces,

• mills -tanks, stakes, and kidels, in ancient times made and raised, before ' tin* time of King Edward, son of King Henry; whereby great damages

• and losses have oftentimes befallen the people of the realm, and will b-

4 tli i day to day, if some remedy be not applied thereto: — It is

taUished, with the assent aforesaid, that the said Statutes II th.ii articles be holdcn and 1, and duly

•••::< -tin T with the s and according to the effect tin -\

* added whereuuto, that Commissions shall be made in due form unto suffi-

1 >ersons to be Justices in each County of England, where need shall

* be, for surveying and guarding the waters and great rivers there, and for

Ing and am. ndin^ <1< faults and making due execution of *, according to the ell ,>of ; as wrll l.y 1 1

ion, as by Inquests to reon, within

i so and u . need shall be; and t«> luai

tin- matt, rs aforesaid; and in addition t h • rt-to, to survey the ' ^MIV.-, mill-, -tank-, stak.'-, and kid. Is in anri.-nt timr- ni.idc and raix-d, ' b« 1 timr ..t' Kin- i . son of I

'w >r too narrow

: saving alwa a^.nal.lr -nl.-is

thr gorces, mill-, -tanks, stakes, [and] kidels aforesaid, so in an «

DTD sun [B. in. i't. iv

' times made and raised. And if any such nuisances of gorces, u

' stanks, stakes, and kidels, of passages [and] straights, anciently made and

' raised, shall be adjudged or awarded by the said Justices to be abated and

* amended, he who shall have the freehold thereof, shall do execution ' thereupon, at his own charges, within half a year after notification unto

* him to do the same, under pain of paying one hundred marks unto the ' King, by estreat in the Exchequer ; and he who shall cause the same to ' be reinstated, heightened, or straightened, contrary to the said judgment, ' and shall thereof be duly convicted, shall incur a penalty of one hundred ' marks, to be paid unto the King by estreat in the Exchequer aforesaid. ' And in case any person shall feel himself aggrieved by execution or in ' any other way in that behalf, contrary to right and reason, he shall sue c and shall have his right and remedy.'

The Statute of King Henry, since the Conquest the Fourth [of that /MMC], in the fourth year [of his reign]. Of keying Fines by Estreats.

1 Item, whereas by gorces, stakes, and kidels, standing in the water of 1 Thames and in other great rivers of the realm, the common passage of ' ships and boats is impeded, and many people perish ; and also, the young ' fish is destroyed, and against reason wasted, and given unto swine to cat,

* against the pleasure of God and to the great damage of the King and of his ' people ; his said lordship the King, wishing to apply due remedy unto the ' mischiefs aforesaid, with the advice and assent of the Lords above-mcn- ' tioned, and at the prayer of the said Commons, doth will and grant, that ' the Statutes thereon made shall be holden and observed, and duly put in ' execution as to all the same ; that Commissions shall be made unto certain ' Justices, and unto others in each County of the realm where need shall be, ' to enquire as to all that is contained in the said Statutes, and to punish ' those who contravene the same Statutes, by fine, at their discretion ; — saving

* and reserving unto the King, our Lord, the penalties in the said Stat

« in especial comprised. And that the estreats of such fines shall be delivered ' by the said Justices unto the Sheriffs in each County by indenture1 ; and ' that the said Sheriffs shall pay from the issues and profits arising from thu ' said estreats unto each of the said Justices, for each day that he shall be ' employed in carrying out the said Commission, four shillings. And that

TltHr-.

shall li from tim.- I jiicr

r.'

>f Process, and J to Net* taken in the Thames, b<

' 'ofhislonlxhiptlf 'f West ml the seventh year

of the reign of J\ i II I-ourf/i.—Of A7///-&, Trinhs, and Nets. / nt as to sixteen Nets.

Be it remembered, that on the nineteenth day of February, in^the sc\

nt' tin* reign of his lordship King Henry, since the Conquest the

Fourth [of that name], the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty of the City

1 .ondon appeared here, before the Council of his said lordship the King,

\Vestminster, and here delivered unto view their petition, shewing

by how that they, ami their predecessors, from time as to which memory does not run, have had and enjoyed, by reason of dnren liberti . ••*, and customs, and also by Charters of the pro-

genitors of his said lordship the King unto them granted, and by his said lordship the King confirmed, and by divers Statutes made, the conservancy and correction of all kidels, dinks, nets, and other engines whatsoever, in the waters of Thames and Med« -\\u\- lai-1. \\hereby the fish in the said waters spawned, when not seasonable, ini^ht be taken and destroyed, against the Statutes thereon made; and also, to place un .1 sub-conservators in the said waters of the Statutes and franchises

-aid.

And ;is one Alexander Boner, sub- conservator of the said

Statutes in the said wat.-rs, by the aforesaid >' i, and Com-

, deputed and sworn, on the ninth da\ nf the said month nt1 l-'ebn;

ig his duties in the waters aforesaid, did find sixteen

i he took, and would have carried to Lon<l< • to be

examined and adjudged upon before the said Mayor, Aldi nm n, and Com-

, as to N\ tin- same wero of reasonable mesh or not; there

cam r, that y, John Sampsoi \Villiam

Serlc, Thomas Rokeele, Bei m ( aud. . .l^hn \\ 'illiam

Segood, Thomas Coole. \\illimi I»ur<leux, John Merdeno, Join >hn

:elman, John Man, Nicholas Haytone,— of ^rehithe; John Trymook,

1 Erith, in Kent

442 PROCESS AS TO NVtfl TAKEN IN Tin- TH \MW

Thomas Pcsog, — of 1Prattysferye ; Henry Prakylle, William Olyve, Thomas Squyrelle, John Prakille, — of Berkyng; Ralph Trymcok, John Man, John Rabelle, John Martyn, Stephen Hogge, John Rydelle, and Ralph Tot, — of 2Wulwiche, and many others of the Counties of Essexe and of Kent, to the number of two thousand persons, horribly, by sound raised of the bells of the churches upon the shores of the said waters built, and in guise of insurrection, as persons who would not be ruled according to the law of his said lordship the King, against his crown and dignity arrayed to make war, with bows, arrows, and swords, bucklers, clubs, [and] doors and windows in place of shields ; and upon the said Alexander did commit assault, and a great number of arrows at him on the said water of Thames discharge, [and] did in divers boats filled with men in arms him to the town of Berkyng pursue.

At which town the said Alexander landed, and there delivered unto the constables of the said town of Berkyng, in presence of Thomas Shepey and Stephen Ingelfelde, the sixteen nets aforesaid, until the Mayor should cause the said nets to be sent for, to examine the same and adjudge thereon, as before is stated.

Upon which day, came the said folks of Erehithe, Prattisferye, Berkyng, and Wolewiche, before-named, unto the said town of Berkyng, and did take the said nets from the custody of the said constables, wrong- fully and against the Statutes, in contempt of his said lordship the Kinu-, and against the liberties and franchises of the said city; wherefore the aforesaid Mayor and Aldermen, and Commonalty did pray the said Council to provide due remedy therefor. Whereupon, by the said Council com- mand was given unto Simon Blakborne, one of the Serjeants- at-arms unto his said lordship the King, to cause to be arrested the said John Sampsone and his accomplices before-named, and to biin- them before the said Council, there to make answer unto the matters above stated.

By virtue of which command, the Serjeant-at-arms aforesaid arn-u<l as many of the said persons as he could find, and brought them Ix-foiv the said Council at Westminster, on the one-and-twmt icth day of the said month

1 Meaning, probably, the ferry adjacent to - Woolwich, in Kent I tain ham, near Barking, in Essex.

•i.rv.J PRO, M I H \

< to say, John Samp-one, Benet Lorkyn, Join.

William Second, Thomas Cole, Jol IflB, Nicholas Haytone, [of

;:ithe]: John Tryme.-k, Thomas Pesog, of Pi a* • y Prakylle,

William ( >lyve. Thomas Squyivlle, and John Murtyn, above- wri"

Which day being now urriv.-il, because that all the Lords of the said Council, by reason of certain very onerous business that demanded their ichini: the estate of his said lord-hip the King and of 11, could not tind time or attend unto the examination of the in;. -aid ; -uch examination was committed, by authority of the said icil, unto Messires the I)uk«« ot' York, and the Lords de Roos and de Burnelle ; the which, by virtue of such authority, did duly examine tin- said matter. Upon which examination, the said John Sampsone, B« Lorkyn, and the others, their accomplices, so arrested and brought before the said Council, wen- found guilty in this behalf, as well towards his said lordship the King, as towards the Mayor, Aldermen, [and] Commonalty vsaid. And upon such report being made thereon unto Messires hbishop of Canterbury, the Hishops of Winchester, Durham, and Bath. and the other Lords of the said Council, by the Duke and Lords aforesaid. the above-named John Sampsone and his said companions did submit them- selves unto the merry and grace of his said lordship the Kin^. tor that ; had in this case offended against him ; humbl

Aid. nonalty to pardon them their trespasses and offences,

so against them in this behalf done and perpetrated; [and] promising ;ullv and in ^o.»d faith to abstain from thenceforth from naming or :nptinur any -uch things, or the lil

which M men, and ( 'ommonalty, from rev» : r the

iibishop nf ( 'anterbury and the s;n'd ,

the ndd it ion. did pardon the HU ^ressors for

their trespasses and offences aforesaid; and further, by i i of the

t and give licence unto the possessors of the sixteen nets aforesaid, to fish with those nets until the 1-Ya-t of Master th<

by the s it was awarded, that the said

-liMuld be bmu^lit an! d unto the said Mayor of

to the intent that the -aid M hand-. • iem unio the owners there..!', to t

!K AS TO GORGES, MILLS STANK-. BIO. [B. m.Pt. iv.

fish therewith, at their pleasure, until the said Feast of Ea-ter, in manner as above stated. — Provided always, that between then and the said V- they should cause new nets to be made, according to the standard of London ; and that at such Feast of Easter, they should cause to be brought unto the said Mayor, as well as the said old nets, to be burnt in case they should be found defective, as the said new nets, to be by the same Mayor proved, examined, and sealed, as pertains thereunto. And provided also, that they should not put in use such new nets, or any other new nets, from thenceforth, until the same should have been first presented unto the Mayor of London for the time being, and by him proved, examined, and sealed, according to the form and effect of tin- Statutes aforesaid.

The Statute of the first year of Henri/ the Fifth.

In the Parliament holden at Westminster, in the first year of the reign of King Henry, since the Conquest the Fifth [of that name], among other- the Article ensuing is contained : —

' Item, whereas great complaint hath been made unto his said lordship tin* 1 King, in the said Parliament, because that the Statutes made in the time ' of his noble progenitors, as to the heightening and straightening of gorces, ' mills, stanks, stakes, and kidels, are not kept and observed according to the ' form and effect of the same Statutes, to the great damage of the people and ' of the realm ; his said lordship the King, with the adviee and assent ' aforesaid, at the request of the said Commons, doth will and grant, that ' the said Statutes shall be strictly kept and observed, and put in due ' execution/

[Liters Ordinances as to the Serjeants of the Sheriffs.]

Foi. 257 A. « «In the first place, that no one of the Sheriffs shall have n * than three clerks for his office of Sheriff; that is to say, the Under- ' Sheriff, the Secondary, and the Third Clerk, who shall keep the pa] < which officers shall be free of the City. Item, that no one of the said rlerks ' shall be attorney unto any person in the Court of the said Sheriffs, or of

1 Given as 'Statute' in the French of the the text already gi iuitly of Un-

original, timi'of Ik-nry VI.

'' These articles are in a later hand than

HWR.VI. AS TO H H-*>

my party in any cause prosecuted before riffs; —

' un<l< •!• pain nt1 1) ing ousted from their office, and further, of beini; ' punished at the discretion of the Mayor and Aldermen.

' Item, wln-rens Assizes of Freshforce have heretofore been commenced ' by bill in -tings, or before the Mayor and Aldermen, in their

' Congregation, on the Monday, and the parties summoned or attached on ' the Wednesday next, and on the Saturday then next ensuing the Session 'and the Assize taken thereon ; forasmuch as it seems unto the Ma\ 1 AMrrmcn, and Commons of the said eit y, that such process is too hasty, ' to the disinherit mre of many persons who at such time are absent : — It is

* ordained by the said Mayor, Aldermen, and Commons, that all such Assizes ' shall be served and d in all points as aforetime they were wont ;

* save only, that such Assizes shall not be taken within fifteen days after

* i he tii Mient so made upon the tenants at the tenements in demand.

I that the panels of such Assizes shall be made and arrayed for three

* days, or two days at the least, before the day that the Assize shall be ' taken : that so • iay have the copy and knowledge of the names

* which shall pass upon the same Assize. Saving always unto the Ma

being, correction and redress of entry made ' by force, if any such there be.

Sheriffs' Serjeants. shall take for doing and executing

* their nilk-e, in manner as follows, that is to say, for making summons for

t, trespass, or any action whatsoever; and also, for summoning tin luest as between parties:—! ial be terminated upon the first

' summons of the defendant, <>r the first appearance of the Inquest, he shall ' tal pence, or six pence, from tl ill, in all/without more,

' according to the amount of his labour, and this up. ,n y the Court

' And it it behoves him to summon the Inquest several tunes, he shall do ' so unto the end, and also execution thereupon, taking from the plaintiff

* twelve pence for his trouble, and no more, without award of the Mayor 1 an men. Provided always, that when a serjeant shall have [once] 1 commenced summoning the party defendant. <>r the Inquest, End shall have

* taken from the party i<>r his trouble, as is before stated, ho shall do and 1 execute the sain* until it shall bo ended and determined ; and if he can

her reasonable occupations, K<» ,1-. h. shall appoint another of his

446 ORDINAL ;.- tfl TO THK cm < »IKTS. rt-tv.

' companions to perform the same, without taking or demanding more of ' the party plaintiff, except by the said award, as before stated.

' I torn, when a serjeant makes execution by Statute, be it by extent of ' tenements, or by appraising of goods, or by foreign attachment, lie shall

* take from the plaintiff twelve pence, and more, according to the amount ' of his trouble, and that by award of the Mayor and Aldermen.

' Item, when a serjeant has arrested any person, and such person at'u T-

' wards finds pledges for his appearance at the next Court, and mak(-

' default, he shall take from the party plaintiff, for making plenary

' execution, whether of the body or of the goods, six pence, or twelve pen« v,

' or more, according to the amount of his trouble, and that by the

Fol.267B.

' award aforesaid.

' Item, when a man is arrested for trespass or other personal action, and ' is found in default, and Inquest is taken for taxation of damages, or where

* auditors shall be assigned in action of account, the serjeant shall take

* from the party plaintiff, for making plenary execution, six pence, or

* twelve pence, according to the amount of his trouble, under the supervision ' aforesaid. Provided always, that in each personal case in which the

* plaintiff shall recover damages, before such damages are adjudged unto ' him, the plaintiff shall make oath before the Judge, to set forth the ' particulars of his costs incurred about the suit aforesaid, if he be required ' so to do.

* Item, it is ordained and assented, that if any person comes into Court, ' and makes demand of a certain debt, or other contract, and the party ' defendant says that his demand, or his suit, is not a true one, and tli ' upon puts himself upon the oath of the plaintiff forthwith, with his ^ii • ' hand ; — in case the plaintiff will not make oath that his demand is a true ' one, then the party defendant shall be adjudged to go acquitted, and the ' plaintiff shall be amerced. And the same law is the party defendant to ' have in such case, if the plaintiff be willing to assent thereto.

' Item, that no pleader or attorney shall be heard to plead for his client

* within the Bar in the Sheriffs' Court; but they shall stand without the ' Bar, without making outcry or noise ; that so the people of the law, and

* the good folks of the City, may be heard in due manner as to their

1 Himself only making oath, as his own compurgai

OKP:

;>ines8 which they have to transact in the said Courts: — always ' excepting such persons as have to sue for the King or for the City.

1 Item, that no pleader or attorney, when instructed, shall enforce any ' man to sue another falsely by a false action, and one fabricated for ' aggrievance. And if any one shall do so, and shall thereof be attainted, ' ujxm examination of the said pleader or attorney before the Mayor and ' Aldermen, he shall be made to forswear the Court for one year.

' And in the same manner it shall be done, if they allege any false * foreign matter, to oust the Court of its jurisdiction.

' Item, enquiry shall be made each quarter of the year, as to abettors, ' maintainers of suits, embracers and procurers of Inquests, con tedera tors, ' conspirators, and champertors, as well in the Courts of the Mayor and ' Sheriffs as within the City and the suburbs thereof; in manner as was ' done in the time of John Philipot, late ]Mayor, as appears in Book II. ' folio 102.

' Item, that the Compters from henceforth shall not be to ferm 1 ' any Sheriff, or by any other person in their name, unto the porters of such ' Compters, or unto any other officer <»f tin- Slu-ritis; but that the Sheriffs 4 shall bo bound to bear tin- charge of the rent, candles, and other such ' costs as the porters of the Compters have borne in time past, by reason ' of their ferm.

1 Item, that prisoners who are staying in the Compters shall pay nothing 'for their customary fees unto the porters, or unto the Sheriffs, for one ' night, by reason of their so staying in the said Compter, &u ' only for a bed, one penny the first night.

1 if such person shall wish in preference to stay in the Compter

'nit i go to Neugato or to Ludgute, whither tor del»t, trespass, or

\ ..tli. r c.tu>.-. t. lony and treason exceptod, in such case it shall bo fully

' lawful for the said Sheriffs to leave such prisoners in the Compter, for

: comfort, they paying to the use of the said Sheriffs four pence, six

' pence, eight pence, or twelve pence, per week, each person, towards th«-

' rent of the said house, without more; and this, by assessment of the

' clerks of the Compter, who shall take into consideration their arrest and

' also their estate.

' Item, that if a prisoner shall make such agreement with the Sheriff, or

1 A. n. 1378. * Or rw&t paid for farming such Comptera.

448 ORDINANCES AS TO NEVOATE AND I. MX, ATE. [B. in. Pi. iv.

' his clerks, to wait in the Compter, as before stated, it shall be fully lawful ' for such prisoner to have his own bed there, if he has one ; and if he has ' not, then it shall be fully lawful for the said porter to find him a bed, ' taking each night one penny for the same, as the manner is in all ' lodging-houses.

' Item, that neither the porter nor any other officer of the said Compter ' shall sell unto the prisoners bread, ale, charcoal, firewood, or any other ' provisions whatsoever, under pain of imprisonment and of paying a fine, ' at the discretion of the Mayor and Aldermen, — except by [due] measure ' and at a reasonable price.'

Neugate and Ludgate.

' Item, whereas great outcry has been made heretofore as to many ' wrongs and misprisons done by the gaolers of Neugate and Ludgate, and ' their officers and servants, to the very grievous impoverishment of the ' poor lieges of his lordship the King : — It is ordained and assented to, by ' the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commons of the said city, that from henceforth ' no prisoner committed to Neugate or Ludgate for any cause whatsoever, ' shall pay any money for the lamps within the said gaols, or for any bod ' therein : but that all prisoners, committed thereunto, shall pay unto the ' said gaolers, at their release, four pence, without more, for the gaoler's fee ' in all cases, treason and felony excepted. Provided always, that no person, ' sent to the said gaolers by command of the Mayor, Aldermen, or Sheriffs, ' for them to chastise and punish, shall pay anything unto the said ' gaolers, or unto their officers or servants, for lamp, bed, or fee, aforesaid. ' And if any one of the said gaolers, officers, or servants, shall take from ' any prisoner, contrary to this Ordinance, and be attainted thereof, he ' shall lose his office, without restitution ; and further, he shall pay ten ' times as much as has been so tortiously taken ; the one half to the ' Chamber, to the use of the Commonalty, and the other half to him at 1 whose suit he shall be attainted.

' But it shall be fully lawful for the said gaolers to take surety reasonably ' from prisoners who are in their keeping, for a sum of OIH hundred ' shillings, and above, for removing their irons ; as in other gaols of his * lordship the King has been heretofore reasonably practised.'

H"*. > AKD COMMO

How Attorney* and other Common Pleaders shall perform (heir duty.

I •• in, it is ordained by the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of London, ' t hut all attorneys of the said city who perform the duties of attorney in the ' Guildhall, and other common pleaders who are resident within ' the same city, shall each year be strictly charged and sworn ' before the Mayor and Aldermen for the time being, well and lawfully to ' do their duty, each in his own degree, and well and lawfully to examine 4 their clients and their complaints, without champerty and without ' procuring any jurors, or Embracing any Inquests ; and that they will ' wrest no suit from its nature. And particularly, that they will not plead ' or allege, nor suffer to be pleaded or alleged, by their assent, any foreign

* release, acquittance, payment, arbitration, settled account, or other matt* T

* whatsoever, out of the franchise of the City, to oust the Court of its ' jurisdiction ; but only such matter as they shall be able to find rightful

* and true upon due information of thrir rli.-uta, and upon oath of the said

• rlicnts upon the Holy Evangelists.

•hat no bedel shall from henceforth be porter of a Compter ; and he shall wish to be such porter of a Com} ini be removed from

' his office of bedelry.

' Item, that no officer of the Sheriffe shall take of any one, for reco ' for judgment given, or for nonsuit, more than four pence, as from of .11 1 hath been the usage ; under pain of paying ten times the excess taken. to 1 the use of the Chamber.'

The Ordinance as to how much i* to be taken for the Loading, Cartage, and Unloading of a tun of tcine, and of a pipe of trine.

' Whereas great outcry has been made unto the Mayor and Aldermen of

• the City of London as to th .* and excessive prices of the Wine- 4 drawers of the said their labour in the cartage of tuns and pipes ' of wine, that is to say, for loading them from cellars in the carts, and

• stowing them in cellars, within the liberties of the City ; against the ' ancient Ordinances made thereon, to the very great damage of the Com-

1 1 U- c.»ll.-l it the pro-cut

ORDINAN TO I.o AIM I

1 mons : — Therefore, John 1Fresshe, Mayor, and the Aldermen of the said

* city, with the consent of all the winedrawers of the said city. thereunto ' summoned, have ordained that no winedrawer of the said city, from ' henceforth, shall take of any man of the said city, or of any other person, ' for the loading, cartage, and unloading, of one tun of wine in manner ' aforesaid, in any part within the walls of tho said city, more than ten

* pence ; nor for the loading, cartage, and unloading, of one pipe of wine ' in manner aforesaid, in any part within the walls aforesaid, more than ' eight pence. And that no winedrawer of the said city shall take of any

* man of the said city, or of any other person, for the loading, cartage, ' and unloading, . of one tun of wine, in manner aforesaid, without the ' walls, [but] within the liberties of the said city, more than sixteen ' pence ; nor for the loading, cartage, and unloading, of one pipe of wine, ' without the said walls, [but] within the said liberties, more than 'twelve pence; under pain of imprisonment, and of paying unto the ' Chamber of the said city ten times as much as he shall have taken 1 beyond the said Ordinance, without redemption.

' Item, it is forbidden that any officer, serjeant, bedel, 2vadlet ' of the Serjeants, officer of Neugate or Ludgate, or porter of ' the Compters, shall from henceforth brew, themselves or by others, for ' sale, keep oven, or trade in any other thing, to which a low estimate is 4 attached ; and that of any manner of victuals they shall be regrators or 4 hucksters : and he who shall not be willing to make oath thereto, or shall ' contravene this Ordinance, shall be ousted from his office.'

[Of the number of Serjeants to be employed by the Sheriffs. ~\

Also, on the ninth day of November, in the fifth year of King Henry the Fourth, by William Askham, Mayor, the Aldermen, and Commonalty of London, it was ordained and agreed, that in future no Sheriff of tho said city should have more than eight Serjeants, to do and perform his duties and executions within the liberties of the said city ; and that tl. should be one serjeant in common between the two Sheriffs, for the County of Middlesex ; under penalty, as to each Sheriff doing to the cunt rary

1 Properly 'French,' Mayor A.D. 1394. < »r kn.-iv. ««r -i",,m.

F MASTERS AND IBS. ! '1

eof, of twenty pounds, the same to be paid, .^ of the community,

unto the Chamberlain for the time being of the city aforesaid.

[Enquiry to be made as to infringement of the above Ordinance*.]

4 Item, enquiry shall be made, each quarter of the year, before the ' Mayor, by sufficient persons, if any one has acted contrary to the Ordi-

* nances aforesaid, in any point thereof; and if he be duly attainted thereof, ' he shall have the penalty aforesaid [inflicted] , according to the award of

* the Mayor and Aldermen for the time being/

Oath of the Masters and Wardens of the Mysteries.

' You shall swear, that well and lawfully you shall overlook the art or ' m\ N. of which you are Masters, or "Wardens, for the year elected.

1 And the good rules and ordinances of the same mystery, approved ro by the Court, you shall keep and shall cause to be kept. And all ' the defaults that you shall find therein, done contrary t lion to, you shall ' present unto the Chamberlain of the City, from time to time, sparing no ' one for favour, and aggrieving no one for hate. Extortion or wrong 1 unto no one, by colour of your office, you shall do ; nor unto anything ' that shall be against the estate and peace of the King, or of the City, you

* shall consent. But for the t it you shall be in office, in all things ' pertaining unto the said mystery, according to the good laws and

nrhises of the said city, well and lawfully you shall behave yourself. 4 — So God you help, and the Saints.'

BOOK IV.

THE Compiler had originally proposed to transcribe numerous other noteworthy memoranda that lie scattered in the books and rolls of the City at large, and, the better to assist the energies of the enquirer, to insert them word for word in the following Book. But for a long time in perplexity, he was at a loss in this matter what to do : for, on the one hand, being fearful of leaving the City business undone, he would have been unable to bestow such daily labour on the undertaking as to bring it to a due conclusion ; while, on the other hand, viewing the immense mass of matter to be written out, an inextricable labyrinth, as it were, he felt apprehensive lest he might be pronounced rash or pre- sumptuous, for entering upon so vast a chaos.

At length, however, although unable to do so in full, still, determined in some measure to carry out the purpose before-mentioned, by way of Calendar he reduced his extracts from the aforesaid memoranda into the form of the following Book, divided into Hwo Parts ; upon careful examination of which, the reader will find himself directed to the Roll [or] Book, and the folio thereof, in which the matter is to be found as to which he may wish to be further informed.

And to the end that it may be the more readily understood [by him] what this Book contains in the whole, the short Table that follows, similarly divided into two Parts, will succinctly inform him there- upon:—

Royal Charters, with Allocations and Confirmations of divers Liberties

1 The beginning of the Second Part of thia ments relative to the Guilds and Mysteries, Book is by no means clearly defined ; but it beginning at the 'Ordinances of the Ki>li- seems most probable that the list of docn- mongers,' < 117 \ -led to denote it.

B. iv.)

granted unto the City of London, and unto other Cities, Villa, Places, Mys: i tiilds, Communities, and Religious lHouses . . [456].

[Allocations and Confirmations] [461].

Covenants, Compositions, and Indentures, [made] between the City of London and other Cities, Vills, Places, Communities, Houses, and Myste- ries, as to divers Liberties, Customs, and other things . . [464].

Laws, Parliaments, Provisions, Articles, and Statutes, in the times of divers [and] many Kings of England made and ordained . [465],

Of the Customs which ought to be taken for Goods on sale, places* for Wharfage, and the like ; and of Pledges taken for Custom and Toll, and Fines for the same .... [471].

Of Markets and Fairs [473].

Foundations of, and Presentations unto, Chantries to the Mayor, Chamber [lain], and City pertaining; and divers Indentures, Covemr and Leases of divers Lands, Tenements, Rents, Houses, Shops, Gates, and II ythes of the said city ; and of Devises unto the Chamber . [474].

< >f the office of the Mayor, Recorder, [and] Aldermen, and of their Acts ; also, of other Officers and Serjeants of the Chamber, and their Fees [480].

[Of the Common Hunt] ... ... [485].

he Offices and Government of the Sheriffs, Under-Sherifls, and their

; ks and Serjeants ; as also of the Bailiffs, Porters, Attorneys, and other

Officers of the Compters [485].

Of Attorneys, Essoiners, and Counters, etc [490].

Charters, Customs, Accounts, Fee-Ferms, Ordinances, and Leases of the Vill liwiokofSathawerfee .... . »2].

Ordinances as to Moi hange, and Moneyers . . [ M3].

li< at i HUM, Renunciations, and Annulments of LiKrriios, and as to •rs Persons of the said ( 'i? >vals of divers persons from t !

[4!'

Ot berty and Conservancy of the water of Thames; of Nets,

Ki«l. -I-. Triuks, and the time for Fishing; with divers Ordinances and Judgments promulgated as to the same ... . [497].

Of the Custody of the Thames, of Boats, the sale of Rushes, [the Re- < leansing of the Hythes and Fosse*, Lanes and Streets,

1 The word ia ' ri/ origin*! ; an error.

l;> 1 TAB I I i M « DOT RUTS, t-B. iv.

of the said City; and of the Penalties and Ann Teenu -nts ordained th upon ... [i(.>s].

Of the Custody of the Conduit, and of the Watercourse beneath \Val- brook ; of the Cleansing of tho Foss of Flete ; and of London Bridge . ' . . . . [501].

Of the Cleansing of the Streets and Lanes of the City, [and] the Removal of Nuisances and Purprestures ; with divers Ordinances as to Penthouses, Rain-gutters, Stalls, Jettees, Cellars, Gutters, and T ments [503].

Ordinances, Articles, and Commitments of Brokers; and of Measures, Beams, and Weights, and the Small Balance .... [504] .

Of Jews [and] Lepers, and of getting rid of Swine within the City ; as also, Ordinances for [sending] Sturdy Beggars out of the City [508].

Of Courtesans, and other persons taken in Adultery . . [509].

Grants of Aids, Tallages, and Subsidies, granted unto his lordship the King; together with Commissions and Writs for levying the Tenths and Fifteenths; also, divers Securities and Assignments as to the same; and the manner of Assessment, Taxation, Levying, and Collection of the same [510].

Accounts of the Citizens made and rendered in divers Courts of the King, for ancient Customs and Purprestures ; and of the Accounts and Acquittances of the Chamberlain and of the Masters of London Bridge [516].

Judgments of Pillory for Lies, Slanders, Falsehoods, and Deceits; as also, other Judgments, Imprisonments) Forfeitures, Fines, and Burnings of divers things . ......... [517].

Divers Recognizances of Merchants ; and Recognizances for Orphans and others, and Process thereon ; as also, of the Sokereve . [526].

Letters of his lordship the King, and of other Lords, Temporal and Spiritual, sent unto the Mayor and Aldermen; and of the Answers of the same [528].

Writs of his lordship the King, and divers Commissions for many and

divers causes and matters; namely, Writs of Iter of the Justiciars, of

Escheat, of Error, of Parliament, of the Coroner, of Customers,

of Protection, of Delivery of the Gaol of Neu^ate, and other

like matters .

I.E OF Co

Of the Conservancy of the Peace ; of Proclamations of Truce, and of

Arrest of Malefactors, Rebels, and Insurgents .... ~>3].

i nances as to the Watch and Ward of the City, its Gates and Walls,

in time of War, as well by Land as A'uter of Thames; as also, of

Armaments [560].

Of divers Master* sworn of divers Mysteries . . [567],

1 )ivers Ordinances, Liberties, Articles, and Ancient Customs as to d

matters and regulations of the said City; as also, [of] the Huntings,

Assizes, Wardmotes, and other Pleas, and the like . . . [568].

Of Inquisitions as to Orphans, Malefactors, Goods of Outlawed persons,

Lands, Tenements, and Rents, and other like matters . . [592].

Of Usury, Usurers, and Evil Extortions ; and ^of the Punishment

thereof .... . . * . [593].

Of Testaments, Executors, and Devises .... [594].

Of Nuisances and Purprestures, and Carpenters and Masons [sworn] [595].

Grants, Con: s and Admissions unto the Freedom of divers

persons in divers Mysteries . . . [596].

fishmongers, Fret mm and Foreigners, and of the Sale of their Fish, and the places for Sale ; as also, of many other

umstances relating to the Mystery aforesaid, and of the Servants

[597].

^[ills and Millers of either kind of Corn, and of Pesage ; and of

i r Wages and Chastisements . . . [601].

Of Corndealers and Corn-porters ; of Regrators of Malt and Salt ; and

'ie places for t ling and roof, with other matters relating

[601].

ilrewers and Hucksters selling Ale ; . .:' the Measures, Barrels, and

Sale . together with 1 dati«m and Punishment of defaults

tides and < h-dinances of the said Brewer* [607].

Of Bakers n •• Servants; White Bread and Tourte, the Assay,

AMIXC, Weipht. and I'ri. ; [and of] the Government and Chastise-

[610].

ion and Winedrawcrs, and the Price of Wines, and the Gauging •of; of unsound NVines and Seureh th»r *i<m of

atalment; of the Ate- stoke* ot matters

: the said Craft [61

456 T\W F. <>! 001 1 KB [9. CB.iv.

Of Butclirrs, their Places and Stalls, and of the Sale of their Vlr>h, and the Places for the Slaughtering of Animals ; of the Hides of sm-li Animals, and the Burying of the Entrails; and of other [matters as to] Punishments and Chastisements for defaults .... [610].

Of Barbers, and their Ordinances [(|21].

Ordinance of the Writers of Court-hand, and of Illuminators [621].

Of Poulterers and the Price of Poultry; of Cooks, Pastelers, and Victuallers [622].

Of Fripperers and their Markets ; and of their Ordinances and Eve-

chepynges [624].

Ordinances of the Mystery of Pelterers ; and of Furs and Curriers [625].

Of Harbouring Guests, [and] of Hostelers ; of Hay, Horse-bread, and Oats [626].

Of Drapers and Weavers, and Websters, English and Foreign, Fullers, Frisers, Tonsers, and Tapisers ; and of Linen-Drapers and Canvas [629].

Ordinances and Articles of the Tailors . .... [<J33],

Of Cappers, Hurers, and Hatters [633].

Ordinances as to Stonemasons, Carpenters, Plasterers, Daubers, Tilers, Paviours, Carters, and their Men. Of Lime, Tiles, Coals, Coalmen, and Woodmongers [633].

Ordinances as to the Bowyers and Fletchers . . . [637].

Ordinances of the Tawyers ; and of Cobblers . . . [G37].

Of Farriers, Smiths, and Armourers [638].

Articles of the Girdlers [039].

Of the Ordinances of divers Mysteries and Handicrafts of the City of London [639].

Royal Charters, with Allocation* and Confirmation* of tii Liberties granted unto the City of London, and unto other < Vilfa, Places, Mysteries, Guilds, Communities, and /.'• //

rter of the Merchants of Douay as to divers Liberties, and Writ as to allowance of the same . . . . . . . i. JB foi. 30

1 The references are to Liber Horn and which are still preserv. .1 in tli

r rwunmri/i/i, both of the reign of at Guildhall. See the List at the end of this

Edward IL, and the Letter- Books A to K volume. (from 4 Edward I. to 38 Henry VI.) : all of

B.W.] 1 \KTERSTO i J I. ACES. 457

Charter of the U'ill of Oxford i. B fot 39

Charter of King John as to the Guild of Weavers . . . C 39 rter of King Henry as to the same . . . . . C 39

Charter of the Honor of Walyngforde C 40

Charter of Eleanor, late Queen of England, made unto the Brethren

of the Penance of Jesus Christ C 43

Charter of King Henry, made unto the Dean of Saint Martin's le Grand,

in London Charter of

moutlir

of King Richard, made unto

. C 43

the Burgesses of Portes- . C 44

of the Citizens of Exeter . Charter of the same .

. C 44 C 148

Charter of his lordship the King for the Widows of London, as to

Tallage C 28

Charter of the Abbat of Waltham C 29

Charter of the same, and 'Allocation thereof in the Hustings of Pleas of

Land, Imldcii on the Monday next before the Feast of the Translation of

Saint Edward [13 October], in the nine-aml-thirtieth year of the reign of

King Edward the Third . . . Husting Roils of Pleas of Land.

Charter of King Henry made unto the ^Teutonics of Almaine, and Writ

he same C 30

Charter of the [Citizens] of Cologne C 36

Also, Charter of the [Citizens] of Cologne . . . Horn, 284

Charter of King Edward, made unto Piers Gavastone, Earl of Cornwall,

as to one hundred shillings of rent . . . . . . C 4o

Charter of the 4Archbishop of Canterbury, granting that he might lose two Lanes at Castle Baynard and the Tower of Mount fychet C 48 Charter of King Henry, made unto the Prior of the Holy Trim

Ion, and Writ as to the same 0 48

Charter of King Henry as to the Liberties of 'Redyng . . 0 50 Charter of K \ ard, son of King Henry, made unto the Weavers

of London, as to their Guil 1 I) «

Charter of 7And0rerr D 160

1 Or Town. • Ruarting, in Berkshire.

Mlowanee. * The numeral reference it illegible.

• The Merchant* of the Hanse Town*. > >\. r. tn Hampshire.

' -v ; . I!.. ,

458 ROYAL CHA) • ill] IflTl \M) ollIKK i H iv

Charter of the Vill of *Gippewic, and Allocation thereof L E foi 70

Charter of the Burgesses of Douay . . . . E 83

Charter of the Burgesses of Colchestre . . . . .1111?

Charter of the Burgesses of Saint Omer E 126

Charter of the Merchants of Almaine, as to their Guild and other

Liberties E 17s

Charter of the 2Pelterers E 183

Charter of the Merchants of the Vill of Malynes, and Allocation unto

them as to Murage E 196

Charter of the Citizens of Exeter, and Allocation unto them as to

Murage E 202-3

Charter of the Liberties of Oxford, and Allocation made as to the

same E 204, 211

Charter of the Brethren of the Knighthood of the Temple of Solo- mon E 212, 214

Charter of the Weavers of London E 220

Charter of the Vill of Coventre E 226

Charter of the Earl of Lancaster, [granted] by the Earl of Pembroke as to the Manor of the New Temple, and Release thereupon . . E 188

Charter of the Citizens of Winchester F 25

Charter of the same . F 28

Charter of the Tailors F 38

Charter of the Girdlers, and Articles of the same . . . F 88

Charter of the Saddlers, [granted] in the Hustings of Common Pleas,

holden on the Monday next after the Feast of Saint Peter's 3Chair [22

February], in the seven-and-fortieth year of the reign of King Edward the

Third ...... Husting Rolls of Common Pleas.

Charter of the Wardens and Canons of the Vill of Wyndesore . G 28 Charter of the Burgesses of Bedeforde ... . G 30

Charter of the Burgesses of the Vill of Wyltone, and Writ for

Vol. 267 B. n OQ

the same G <39

Charter of King [Edward the Third] as to the Foundation of the Chapel of the Guildhall . . G 50

' Ipawich, in Suffolk. ' < N "t< I

2 Or Skinners.

K«»\ VI .

Cha he Burgesses of Maid . . . . i G toi. 65

Charter of the < of Norwich G 88

r of the Burgesses of Northamptone . . . G 100

Charter of the Goldsmiths of London G 104

Charter of Litx r he Abbat of Westminster . . . G 109

Charter of the Drapers, and Writ for the same . G 122

Charter of the Vintners, and Writ for the same . . . G 127

Charter of the Fishmongers G 136

Charter of the Prior of Christ-Church at Canterbury . . G 166 Charter of the Burgesses of 'Quenesburghe, and Writ as to Proclama- tion of their Liberties ........ G 209

Charter of King Henry, made and granted unto the Widows of

London Horn, 203

Charter of Andevere ....... Horn, 323

Charter of sOlerom Horn, 355

Charter of the Earl of Cornwall, made unto the Mayor and Citizens of

London as to Queen- Hy the, for fifty pounds yearly . . . C 10

Confirmation by the King as to the same hythe . . . C 10

Charter of King William made unto the Citizens of London, in thr

Saxon tongue Custum. 187

Also, the same Charter . Horn, 205

Charter of King Henry the First Custum. Ill

Charter of King Henry, with another Charter also of the same King ......... Custum. 187

Charter of King Richard . . ' . . . . Custum. 188

Charter of King John Custum. 189

rterof King ilm: Custum. 190

Another Charter of the same King Henry . . Custum. 190

Charter of Edward, son of King Edward . . Custuuu 191

Charter of King Edward Custum. 192

Charter of King Henry ... ... Custum. 193

Charter of King Edv . (Wum. 1M

Chartu name King . ... Custum. 194

rente loteneurv, in Franco.

460 KnYVl. (HAKTKKS JO III! ( ITY AND OTHER I'J

B,

Charter of Edward, son of King Edward, as to the Con- \ firmation of Liberties ....... I

Charter of King Henry the Third, as to Kidels . . ' 1 09

Charter of the same King ......

Charter of the same King as to the Warren of Stanes

Charter of the same King, with a clause of 1 1 licet . . /

Charter of Edward the Third, as to the Annulment of a certain Statute,

made at York, whereby it was ordained that every one might buy and sell

all merchandize whatsoever at any place ..... F 8 Charter of the same King Edward the Third, [granted] in the first year

[of his reign] . . y ........ F 104

Charter of the same King, [granted] in the fifteenth year of his

reign . . . j ....... Custum. 269

Charter of 2Suthwerk •(. ...... Custum. 265

Charter of King Edward, as to Confirmation of certain Articles by the

Citizens ordained . . . . . . . . . E 90

Charter of King Edward ...... . C 30

Charter of King Edward the Third, as to Confirmation of judgment

of Decapitation passed upon two citizens, in the time of Andrew Aubrey,

3Mayor > ' ' 1 ........ F 45

Charter of King Edward, made unto the Citizens of London, reciting

five Charters of Henry, his father ..... Horn, 206 Charter of King Henry as to Queen-Hythe . Horn, 230 Charter of Alice de Chabeham, made unto the Mayor and

Commonalty, as to a certain piece of land at the Conduit near

Tybourne . * . -\. ........ G 181

Charter unto the Mayor and Commonalty, made by John Scotlonde as to

a certain house without Crepulgate . . . . . . II 84

Charter of the Liberties of England .... Custum. 1

Also, the same • . • yi ...... Horn, 21

Charter of the Forest ....... Custum. 3

Also, the same ........ 11 orn, 24

Confirmation of the Charter of the Forest, with additions Custum. 5 Charter for making Perambulation of the Forest . . Custum. 6

1 See page 145 ante, Note 2. * A.D. 1339, 1340, and 1351.

9 Southwark.

\II>

Charter of the King as to 'Bedlam, with tin- Return thereof i. H f«L 236 Charter of Pardon made unto divers persons by his lordship the

King ... . n 221

Charter of his lordship the King as to Usurers . . . H 159 Ancient Charter as to Dunwich, made in the fortieth year of Henry the

Third .... . * . . 2"

'Charter of the Duchy of Lancaster .... Custum. 284

Allocations and Confirmations.

Writ sent unto the Barons of the Exchequer, as to Allocation of the

Liberty of London B 39

Allocation of the Liberty of the City before the Justiciars of the

Bench .... .... . E 14

Allocation [of the Liberty] of the City before the King . . E 22 Allocation of the same before the Justiciars of the Bench . E 26

Allocation of the same before the King . . . . . E 27

Allocation of the same before the Seneschal and the Marshal E 35, 163

Allocation of the Liberty E 77

Allocation before the King, that the Citizens shall not plead without the

Walls of the City ... ... E 152

Writ and Allocation of the same, before the Justiciars of the Bench C 68

Writ as to Allocation of the Liberty ... E 160-1

Allocation of the Liberty before the King, that the Citizens may record

r I .iberties orally, and may have respite as to the same for forty days ;

and that 'Attaint does not lie in London E 174

Allocation of the Liberties of the Citizens of Winchester, by Writ < Allocation of the Liberty of the Vill of Gloucester . . . E 118

Allocation of the Liberty of Oxford E 211

<>, Allocation of the Liberties of the Vill of Oxford . . H 283 Allocation made unto the Citizens of New Sarum aa to Murage and

Pavage . . E 187

Allocation unto the Vill of 'Salop as to Murage . . E 206

Allocation unto the Burgh of Cambridge as to Murage . K 211

» TheH«piUlof Bethlehem or Bedlam, the rertlict of * Jury. Sec page 376

> The reference i« omitted. o*4e.

or, more properly, Mandate for oh- rewvbury.

-t tt>< . ' < I, irti •.

462 ALLOCATIONS HID CONFIRMATIONS, [B.iv.

Allocation unto the Merchants of Lovayne as to Murage . i E foi. 215

Allocation unto the Citizens of Hereford as to Murage . . E 222

Allocation made unto the Merchants of the Society of Perugia . E 'J2 \

Allocation made unto the Merchants of Spain as to

FoL 268 B.

Murage . . E 228

Allocation unto the Merchants of Lucca as to Murage . . E 232 Allocation unto the Burgesses of ^ippewic as to Murage . E 235

Allocation unto the Citizens of Rochester as to Murage . . E 237 Allocation of Murage unto the Merchants of Lombardy . . E 240 Allocation for the Merchants of Lucca . . . . . E 240

Allocation unto the Merchants of Coventre . . . . F 16

Allocation for the Citizens of Sarum as to Murage . . . F 22 Allocation of Murage for the Citizens of Norwich Allocation unto the ^urgh of 2Lenne ....

Allocation unto the Citizens of Cork ....

Allocation unto the Citizens of Dublin ....

Allocation unto the Brethren Hospitallers of Saint John of Jerusalem in England, as to Murage . . . . . . . . F 59

Allocation of Murage made unto the Merchants of Alinaine, France* Spain, Portugal, Navarre, Lombardy, Tuscany, Provence, Catalonia, Acquitaine,- Quercy, and Flanders . . . . . . F 66

Allocation made unto the Burgesses of Redynge, as to Toll . F 148 Allocation of the Liberty of the Citizens of Lincoln by Writ . G 242 Allocation of the Liberty of the Citizens of Dublin . . . G Allocation unto the Barons of the Cinque Ports as to their Liberties G 208 Confirmation of Liberties by his lordship Edward, son of King Ed- ward, in the twelfth year of his reign .... Custum. 190

Also, Confirmation thereof ...... Horn, 204

Writ as to Pontage exacted of the Merchants of Gascoigne, and Return

thereof . . <

Writ [enacting] that the Merchants of Bordeaux may keep Hostel C 50

Letter of the Archbishop of Canterbury, that the Barons of \\ \ iu helse

may sell their merchandize within the liberties to whomsoever they nuiy

please . . . C 26

Letter of the Vill of Wynchelse thereon . . . C 26

1 Iptwich. * Lynn, in Norfolk.

B iv.] \ I I • M VI :

«

vrof Cardinal Ottoboni, [demanding] tliut tlic Widows of London may not be distrained to pay Tallage L C tot 28

Writ of the King, [commanding] that the Citizens of New Sarum shall be quit of Pontage . . . . . . . . . C 53

Protection granted by the King unto the Merchants of the Society of the 'Morori C 60

Writ [commanding] that the Society of the Morori shall be quit of Talluge C 60

Writ [commanding] that the Burgesses of Oxford shall be quit 11. C 65

Writ to place the Mayor and Sheriffs upon surety, at suit of the Bur- geese* of Oxford therefor C 65

That the Hansc Merchants shall be acquitted of the payment of two shillings towards the Gate of Bysshopisgate . . . . C 68

Writ tor the Citizens of Genoa, and Return thereof . . C 76

Writ for the Merchants of Gascoigne D 104-5-7

t [commanding] that the Citizens of York shall be quit of

Murage I) 114

t for the Society of the fFriscobaldi D 144

Writ as to the Merchants of Gascoigne, that they shall not sell unto a Foreign M -urn thereof . . . . . E 32

Writ of Protection for the Canons of Saint Paul's . . . Dim;

t for Allocation of the Liberties of the Dean and Chapter of Saint

1 'a ill's in London II 17

Writ [commanding] that the Prior of Saint John of Jerusalem, and his UK n. »!iall U« quit of 'Enclosures and Murage .... ]•'.

W rit as to Murage for the Burgeons of Bristol . . . £ 252

Writ for discharging Ottaviano Francisae, a Merchant of Florence, from payment of Subsidy . . . . . . . . G 38

Writ for the same, and Return there*-: . . . . G 43

Writ for the Merchants of the Duchy of Acquitaine, aa to *Gau- gct . G 44

Protection for the Merchants of Almainc . . . G 68

1 A mercantile Society of luly. * /. «. charge* l«vi«l fur making endomnw.

• A w-althy Cfenpuy of Merchants. •* \ . ,

hi I 001 ' "MP(^1TION>, \M> INDIA IT!

Protection for the Merchants of Portugal . L G foi. 284

Writ for the Merchants of Flanders, as to arrest of their goods. G 286 Writ^ for distraint upon the Mayor and Sheriffs, for Custom exacted

from the Burgesses of Walyngforde . . . . . . C 57

Plea between the Citizens of London and the Citizens of Norwich, as to

Toll, Passage, and Portage C 59

Writ for Allocation of the Liberty of the Bishop of Winchester H 18 Writ for proclaiming the Fair of the Prior of Saint Bartholomew's in

Smythefelde H 38

Writ [commanding] that the Citizens of Norwich shall be quit of

ToU H 53

Another Writ as to the same, for the same purpose . . . H 54 Letter of his lordship the King, as to Murage in the City of

London . . H 212

Covenants, Compositions, and Indentures, [made] between the City of London and other Cities, Vilh, Places, Communities, Houses, and Mysteries, as to divers Liberties, Customs, and otlu r things.

Covenant between the Citizens of Winchester and the Citizens of London . . . . . C 81

Covenant between the Citizens of London and the Teutonics of Al- maine .......... Horn, 281

2Covenant between the Citizens of London and the Merchants of Amyas, Corby, and Nele . C 45

Letter of Acquittance of the same Merchants . . . . G 191

Composition and Indenture made between the Mayor and Commonalty of London, of the one part, and the Warden of the Hospital of Saint Giles near Westminster . < G 24

Composition between the Citizens of London and the Teutonics of Almaine ....... ....C 30

Composition between the Citizens of London and Richard de Basyng- stoke, as to a certain Lane, called s< Bretask ' . . . F 80

1 A fee exacted for liberty of passing to like nature.

certain places. * From the Bretascht^ or woolen

9 See pages 360-8 anif, for Covenants of a then

465

Indenture between the Mayor and Commonalty and the Lord d M to ft oertain piece < mt<> him l«-r . . . . L G

i i hi' Citizens of London and the Citizens of Winche.- I 70

Composition betu Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty of London,

and tin* Minor Canons of the Churdi of Saint Paul in London . I 77

Composition between the Fishmongers and Skinners . . * [F] 79

Provisions, Articles, and Statute*, in the time* of dicers and many Kings of England tnade and ordained.

Charter of the Liberties of England .... Custum. 91

Charter of the Forest Custum. 3

Confirmation of the Charter of the Forest, with additions Custum. 5

Charter as to making Perambulation of the Forest . . Custum. 6

of Mertone ....... Custum. 7

Statute of 3Marlebergo Custum. 8

Statute of Westminster the First Custum. 10

Statute of Gloucester Custum. 15

Explanations [of the Statute] of Gloucester . . . Custum. 17

Statute of Westminster the Second .... Custum. 18

Statute of Westminster the Thii . . . . Custum. 28

Statute of Westminster the Fourth .... Custum. 29

:?« ot \Vinchestcr Custum. 31

[Statute of] Actono Burnolle . ... Custum. 32 I >i stresses of the Exchequer . . Custum.

Statutes of the Exchequer Custum. 34

Statutes of th- < >M Pleas of the Crown ... Ciwtum. 35

New Articles aa to the same . . . Custum. 36

Ordinances made by the Prelates, Earls, and Barons, in the fifth year

Mward, son of King Edward . . . Custum. 38

1 i i the Book U omitted in the prwent The greater part of theae d<>

meats are printed at length in the

>.ii in reality oomaponda with folio 108 o/ 0* Realm (1810), Vol. L, ptuiim. .« Liber Outemantm at it appears at - MtAm*+

H H

s

\ M;IMI s Kll

[B. iv.

Also, the same ......

i. Horn, r-i.

177

Statute for Religious Men ....

. Custuin.

46

Also, [the same] ......

Horn,

69

Statute for Religious Aliens ....

Custum.

47

Also, the same ......

Horn,

112

Statute of Bigamy .....

. Custum.

48

Also, the same ......

Horn,

75

Statute of Knighthood

. Custum.

48

Also, the same ......

Horn,

76

Statute as to the Oath of Officers of the King

. Custum.

49

Also, the same ......

Horn,

79

Statute of Exeter, as to Coroners .

. Custum.

49

Also, the same ......

Horn,

80

Statute of Justiciars assigned

. Custum.

51

Also, the same ......

Horn,

83

Statute of Conspirators

. Custum.

V

Also, the same ......

Horn,

86

Statute of aQuo Warranto ....

. Oust inn.

51

Also, the same

Horn,

87

Statute of Persons vouched to Warranty

. Custum.

52

Also, the same ......

Horn,

87

Statute of Waste made in Guardianship .

. Custum.

52

Also, the same ......

Horn,

88

Statute as to Sheriffs and their Clerks .

. Custum.

52

Also, the same ......

Horn,

89

Statute as to the acquisition of Liberties

. Custum.

53

Also, the same ......

I Torn,

89

Statute of Fines

. Custum.

53

Fol. 270 B.

Also, the same ....

Horn,

90

Statute of Gavelet in London ....

. Custum.

54

Also, the same ......

Horn,

91

Statute of the King's Prohibition .

. Custuin.

54

Also, the same ......

Horn,

94

1 ' By what warrant ' a person exercises such a franchise. This Statute (of the time of Edward I.) was for the regulation at

judicial process in cases where the Writ of Quo Warranto was issued.

JB.IT.J STATUTES OF TAttOU! KD

' icles against the Proliibition . . . .1. Custum. M. 55-6

Also, the sit : Horn, 95

i tute of Juries and Assizes . ..... Custum. 55-6

Also, the same . . . . . . . .II urn, 95

Confirmation of the Charters ...... Custum. 55-6

Also, the same . . . . . . . 1 1 < »rn, 96

New Articles on the Charters ...... Custum. 57

Also, the same . . . Horn, 97

Statute of Arms in Tournaments ..... Custum. 57

Also, [the same] ........ Horn,. 102

Statute of Lincoln for Escheators ..... Custum. 58

Also, the same Horn, 102

Statute of Defence of Right Custum. 58

Also, the same ........ Horn, 103

Statute as to the New Customs, made unto divers Merchants Custum. 58

Also, the same Horn, 103

Statute of non-allowanoe of Protection .... Custum. 60

Also, the same Horn, 107

Statute of Joint Feoffees Custum. 60

Also, the same Horn, 109

Statute of the Forest Custum. 60

Also, the same Horn, 107

Statute of Fines and Attorneys Custum. 68

Also, the same Horn, 111

Statute of Prisage, enacted at ^taunforde . . . Custum. 63

Also, the same Horn, 114

View of Frank-pledge Custum. 64

Also, the same Horn, 120

Assize of Bread . Custum. 64

Assize of Ale ... .... Custum. 65

Punishments of those who break the Assize of Bread and Ale, and of

Forestallers Custum. 65

Assize of Weights and Measures (Vtmn. 65

Also, the same . II .in. 1

1 > t . k : 1 1 ; • • ! ' ! . : i I . . 1 1 . i : i - : i . i >

H ii 2

468 STATITI> or VABIOU8 KINGS. [B.iv.

The manner of Measuring Land .... i Custura. foi 66

Also, the same ........ Horn, 124

The Golden Bull Custum. 72

Charter of 1Ronemede Custum. 72

Award of 2Kelenworthe Custum. 75

Also, the same Horn, 16

The Customs of Kent Custum. 78

Also, the Customs of Kent .... Horn, 78

An Exposition of Words Custum. 80

Also, the same ........ Horn, 119

Number of the Provinces, Counties, Islands, and Hides of Eng- land Custum. 81

Laws of Ina, King of the "West Saxons .... Custum. 81

Laws of King Alfred ....... Custum. 85

Laws of King Athelstan Custum. 89

Benediction and Judgment of Ordeal .... Custum. 94

Laws of King Cnut Custum. 97

Laws of Saint Edward Custum. 107

Laws of Henry the First Custum. 117

Laws of Henry the Second ...... Custum. 1 42

Laws of King Richard Custum. 179

Statute of Merchants Horn, 69

Statute of Buyers of Lands ...... Horn, 77

Statute of the Exchequer ...... Horn, 84

Statute on Money Horn, 92

Articles on Money ........ Horn, 92

"Writ upon the said Statute ...... Horn, 94

Statute of Priests and Clerks Horn, 111

Commission by the King unto divers Justiciars, for Oyer and Termincr

in certain Counties of England Horn, 116

Articles thereupon . ....... Horn, 117

•Hengham Parva Horn,

1 Generally known ae 'Runnimede.' The Justice temp. Edward I. ; who wrote the

Mayna Charta of King John is meant. Summa Magna and Summa Part

1 K en il worth, in Warwickshire. of Essoins and Defaults in Writs of Right,

* A treatise by Ralph de Hengham, Chief Assize, Dower, etc.

- or v \ 469

Ord ..'options L Horn, ft* 135

^aavoir ........ Horn, 141

•nts «.f the Manor Horn, 156

r of Challenging Essoin ..... Horn, 156

General Days in Bank Horn, 1-7

General Days in Dower Horn, 1 >7

On Husbandry Horn, I 58-171

The Duty of Attorneys Horn, 175

Provision as to the Bissextile Year and Day . . . Horn, 175

'Bretone Horn, 189

Of Measures Horn, 199, 200

OfsQuo Warranto Horn, 199, 200

The Statute of Gloucester, corrected for the Citizens of London A 126 Of Vouchees to Warranty for Citizens of London, corrected in the

Statute of Gloucester Horn, 201

ttute of Wards and Reliefs Horn, 250

Of Acquisition of Lands . Horn, 251

' *Circumspecte Agatis ' Horn, 251

Statute of Carlisle Horn, 251

Distinctions of Socage Horn, 252

Statute of York Horn, 844

Charter of KJlerom Horn, 355

Statute of King Edward, in the — year of his reign . F 86

Skr he same King, in the nineteenth year . F 105

Statute of Labourers . . F 199

>f King Edward the Third, in the six-and- twentieth year of his

reign . . F 211

he Staple, in the seven-and twentieth year of the same

$. G 12

St; ' ted at Westminster, in the same year . . G 12

llo it known* that the King ordained at • See Note to page 466 ante,

Westminster, etc. ; the title of An Ordinance « « Act circumspectly' about tho BUhop of

van! I., OH to Write of enquiry on Norwich and his Clergy. The title of an

•mortizing lands, eta Orxlinancc admitting that the King's prohibi-

» A law treatise, more generally known as tion does not lie in matters spiritual

:th century, the author- - \

470 STATUTES OF VAKlUVs KINGS. [B.iv.

Statute enacted at Westminster, in the eight-und- twentieth year [of the

same King] L G foL 21

Writ [commanding] that Sale or Scavage of "Wool shall not be made

within three miles of the Staple . . . . . . . G 21

Statute of Westminster, in the one-and-thirtieth year of the same

King G 63

Statute of Westminster, in the five-and-thirtieth year of the same

King G 89

Statute of Westminster, in the six-and-thirtieth year of the same

King G 105-6

Statute of the same [King], in the seven- and- thirtieth year of his

reign. ........... G 114

Statute of the same King, in the eight-and- thirtieth year . . G 151 Statute of the same King, in the two-and- fortieth year . . G 208 Statute of Westminster, in the three-and-fortieth year of the same

King G 231

Statute of Kidels, in the five-and-fortieth year of his reign . G 276

Statute of the Staple of Wool E 167

Writ for Election of a Mayor of the Staple . . . . E 168 Letter sent unto his lordship the King as to the Staple of Wool E 168

Another Writ as to the Staple E 109

Statute of Northampton, enrolled at the Hustings of Common Pleas

holden on the Monday next after the Feast of Saint Margaret [20 July], in

the second year of the reign of King Edward the Third

Husting Rolls of Common Pleas

Statute of Edward the Third, in the fiftieth year of his reign . H 60 Statute made in the first year of the reign of King Richard the

Second H 87

Statute of Gloucester, in the second year of the same King . H 100 Statute of Winchester, in the sixteenth year of Richard . . H 280 Statute of Westminster, in the seventeenth year . . . H 293 Articles sent unto his lordship the King, in Ireland, for the Commons of

England H 300

Statute of Errors in London, declared by the King in Parlia- ment .11 Ml

Parliament at Westminster, in the twentieth year of Riehard . 11 ;»1 -5

STATUTES 01 171

Parliament at ^alop, in his two-and-twentieth year . L II rot 318 tute of Winchester, in the fifth year of Richard ... II 141 Statute of Westminster, in his fifth year . . . . H 148

Statute of Westminster, in his sixth v . . . . II 158

Another Statute of Westminster, of the same year, as to Wines H 162 Statute of Richard, in his third year, at Westminster . .11 Statute of Westminster, in his seventh year . H 170

Statute of Westminster, in his eleventh year . H 230

Declaration of a certain Statute as to the Sale of Victuals . . H 236 Statute of Cambridge, in his twelfth year . . . .11 Statute of Westminster, in his thirteenth year . . . . II LM: » Statute of Westminster, in his fifteenth year . . . .11. Statute of King Henry the Fourth, in his first yiar . . .13 Statute of Westminster, in his second year . . . . I 9- 1'J ute of Westminster, in his fourth year . . . . I 20

Statute of Westminster, in his fifth year I 30

Statute, in his sixth year I 38

Statute of Westminster, in his seventh year . . I

Statute of Gloucester, in his ninth year I 68

Statute of Westminster, in the eleventh year of Henry the Fourth I 95 Statute of Westminster, in his thirteenth year . . . I 110

Statute of Henry the Fifth, at Westminster, in his first year . I 127

Statute of Leycest iv, in his second year I 137

Statute of Westminster, in his second year . . . I 148

Statute of Westminster, in his third year . . . I 175

Of the Cu*lom* which ought to be taken for Et, Good* on Srifc, Places

for Wi ind the like; and of Pledge* taken for Cuttom and Toll,

and Fine* for ihe> same.

Customs oft Custum. 195

Customs of Ixmdon Bridge and of Smythefeldo . Custuin. 197

Customs <<i i;\ 11 vngiftgate Custum. 198

Customs of Quet i Custum. 199

1 Or Shrewsbury. * 80e paga 206 ante.

472 nOMJ MID rOLM 1.1 VIAIU.K. [D.nr.

That the Hanse Merchants shall not pay custom for boards or for horses ;

nor for cheese Exported for their own use, or to be given unto their friends :

but for cheese Exported for sale, Custom shall be paid. For herrings

brought unto tbe City, they shall pay no Custom . . i. F foi 147

Oath made by the Collectors of the Customs for the Sheriffs . F 95

New Customs of Byllyngesgate G 88

Customs that ought to be taken in the City . . . Horn, 222

That all persons shall be quit at Saint Botolph's Wharf of Wharfage for

a 2malo, fardel, ^nnier, and wallet ; and all freemen of the City shall be

quit on payment of the fees for one man ..... G 207

Writ to elect certain persons for levying two shillings on every tun of

wine, and six pence on every — pounds of merchandize, over and above

the ancient Custom G 282

Custom of the Market of Smythfeldo levied by the Mayor's Ser- jeant H 70

Commission for a certain Custom upon boats coming to the City with rushes, hay, and straw . . . . . . . . H 124

Custom to be taken for Merchandize entering or leaving the City H 126

Writ for distraint upon the Mayor and Sheriffs for Custom exacted of the

Burgesses of Walyngforde . . . . . . . C 57

Writ as to non-payment of Toll, and as to other Liberties of Lon- don 18

Writ as to *Aulnage I 53

Discharge from Toll and other exactions, made unto the tenants, resi- dents, and others in the Vill of 6Hadleo I 146

That the men and tenants of the Vill of 6Northmymmys, which is of the Honor of Gloucestre, shall be quit of payment of Toll throughout the whole realm of England ......... I 153

That nothing shall be taken for Wharfage . . . .11!';;

That Freemen of the City shall pay no Custom on Lampreys . H 31

Letters Patent of his lordship the King as to Murage of the City of

London H 212

1 Properly, 'imported.' //»//««, or elL

9 A bag or trunk for holding clothes. * Hadley. in I hire.

* Or basket. • North Mimms, in II. rtr-nlshire.

4 The Assize of Cloths, measured by the

B.IT.] MARKETS AND FAIRS. 473

Of Pledge taken from the Burgesses of Northampton, for payment of

Toll and Customs L C ft* 29

Payment of Fine by a certain man, for arrears of Tullage . D 139 Pledge taken for payment of Tallage, and sold . . . A 71

Precept for the sale of Pledges taken K

Pledge taken for payment of Tallage, and sold . . . A 92

Proclamation made, that Pledges taken for Tallage shall be sold C 67

The Provost of Wells paid Fine for divers Trespasses committed against

the City, to the amount of one hundred pounds .... £ 180

paid for a pair of shoes made of 1basil, sold as tawed leather F 80

Also, Fine for the like F 82

Of Markets and Fairs. FoL a?3 A.

Letter of the Mayor and Commonalty unto divers persons and their attorneys, as to th. laii oi' Saint 'Botolph B 41

Letter directed unto the Mayor by the Wardens of the Fairs of Cham- pagne and Brie C 41

Letter sent in answer unto the same Wardens . . C 44

A second Letter sent by the Wardens of the Fairs of Champagne and C 49

Answer thereto . . . . . . . . C 49

Several Commissions made unto the Wardens of the Fair of Saint Botolph C 61-2

Commission unto the Wardens for holding the Fair of Saint Bo- tolph . D 108

t of the King sent unto the Bailiffs of Saint Botolph, to the effect thut : /ens of London ought to have Wardens from among themselves

•lan.l E 188

Commission unto the Wardens of the Fair of Winchost . £ 220

Another Commission for the same 1 :>37

Another Commission unto the Wardens of the Fair of Saint Bo- tolph . . . . E 243 Commission unto the Wardens of the Fair of St. Botolph . F 1 87 Commission unto the Wardens of the Fair of Winclu-

rcpared sheep-duo. * Betolph'e Town, or Boston, in Lincolnshire.

17 I GRANTS AND AGREI , V. [B.iv.

Writ for the Fair of Saint Botolph ..... L B foi. 41

Commission for the Fair of Saint Botolph . G 239

"Writ for proclaiming the Fair of the Prior of Saint Burtholoim \\ in

Smythefelde .......... H 38

Writ for the Citizens of London, [directed] unto the Bailiffs of tlu Fair of Saint Botolph, to the effect that they shall permit the Citizens to be quit of all Pleas .......... * 59

FoL273n. Foundation* of, and Presentations unto, Chantries to the Mayor, Chamberlain, and City jn-rfainimj ; and divers Indentures, Cove- nants, and Leases of divers Lands, Itcnts, Houses, Shops, G and Hythcs of the said City ; and of Devises unto the

Presentation unto a Chantry near Crepulgate, in the ^Hermitage of the Abbey of Grendone ......... F 152

Presentation of a Chaplain in the Church of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem, and Admission of the same . . . . F 141

Memorandum as to a Chantry in the Church of Saint Botolph without Algate ........... F 159

Presentation unto the Hospital of Bedlem . . . H 132

Presentation unto a Chantry in the Church of Saint Mary de Somer- sete ............ H 123

Ordination of a Chaplain to the Chapel of Saint Thomas on the Bridge ........... H 292

Presentation unto a Chantry in the Hermitage of Crepulgato . I 6

Presentation by way of Exchange, made between Sir John Horowode and John Draycote, Chaplain of a Chantry in the Chapel of the Blessed Mary near the Guildhall of London . . . . . .17

Presentation unto the Chantry in the 8Chapel ' over the Bones of the Dead' ........... F 102

Presentation of William Test unto the Chapel of the Blessed Mary near the Guildhall ...... . . . . I 103

Presentation of Sir William Percy unto a Chantry in the Church of Saint Swithun .......... I 188

1 The title of the book referred to IB Moiikwell Street. omitted. ' In Saint 1'aul'a Churchyard

* Or Cell ; it was situate in the present

GRANTS VSES MADE BY THE CUV 475

Presentation of Sir John Newenden unto a Chantry in the Chapel of the Guildhall 1. 1 iw. 193

Grant made unto a certain person by the Mayor and Aldermen, that he might have divers tenements which Walter de London had devised for the support of a Chaplain ; seeing that the executors were dead, and the said Testament had not been enrolled C

Bill st-nt unto the Dean and Chapter of Saint Paul's for the maintenance tain Chantries . . F 103

\Vriting as to a certain Chantry founded in the Church of Saint Paul 1 11J

Grant of the Mayor and Aldermen as to divers tenements, made unto John Bangnelle C 6

Writing made between the Citizens of London and Robert de Clare, as to a certain place near the Church of Saint Peter on Cornhulle, he paying yearly unto the Commonalty forty pence F 94

Grant of the Mayor and Commonalty as to the house called ' Bedlein,' without Bysshopisgate F K's

Lease of houses without the Gate of Bisshopisgate, unto one Adam Bliaeworthe by the Mayor and Commonalty made . . . G 17 J

Lease by the Chamberlain of tenements which belonged to Roger ham G 181

Indentures between the Mayor and Commonalty, and Robert son of .Urn IN untfreyt, as to Saint Botolph's Wharf .... Ci

ntures between the Mayor and Commonalty, and William Triplow,

as to a house wit Imut Newgate G

nt ares between the same and Thomas de Lynne, plasterer . G 287

Leases of certain Stalls beneath the Gate of Liul- . . G 303

Lease of the 'Moor and the Watercourse of Walbrook unto Thomas atte Ram G '319

Lease of the Gate of sAlgate unto Geoffrey Chaucer . . ( . nture between the Mayor and John Foxtone, spiocr . . (. < nture between the Mayor add Commonalty, and John Beverle, gar- <!• IMC G

Moor; whence Moot-field* ha. » Aldgate. Thi. article dceervee especial ite name.

* See G, f..L 318.

476 VI- AND LKA^l-S MADK BY THF. CITY. »iv.

Writing of the Commonalty made unto "William do Naples as to a cer- tain oblong plot without Ludgate . . . . . L F foi. 166

Lease of a garden near the [City] Wall, opposite the Lane called Stanynglane F 186

Writing [made] by the Commonalty unto Edward Sende, as to a tene- ment near Holburne G 255

Writing made by the Commonalty unto the Abbess of the Minoresses without Algate G 255

Indenture between the City and John Weymouthe . . . G 267

indenture between the City and Thomas de Lynne, plasterer . G 287

Grant of the Hermitage on the East side of Bysshopisgate . F 136

Lease of the Moor E 136

Measurement of the tenement held by Edward Sende, at Holbourne Brigge G 240

Indenture as to Saint Botolph's Wharf G 243

Indenture between the Mayor and Commonalty, and Henry Brode, *pelterer G 287

Memorandum as to a certain wall between the garden of the Guildhall and the tenement of John Dode, ironmonger . D 126

Lease of the Moor without Bisshopisgate . . . . . E 101

Memorandum as to a certain piece of land without Crepulgate, taken into the hand of the City E 102

Memorandum as to the letting of a certain piece of land without New- gate E 219

Memorandum as to a certain piece of land which Thomas atte Crouche had enclosed from the common soil, near the Friars 8Preachers . F 133

Memorandum as to a tenement devised for the maintenance of the Bridge, after the decease of Nicholas Husbonde . . . . E 216

Writing made by Nicholas Gloucestre, as to payment of ten shillings of rent unto the same Bridge F 61

Memorandum as to half a mark left unto the Chamberlain, which the Prioress of Saint Helen's is bound to pay in behalf of the soul of Wuli< r Blecchyngley F 95

1 This article is already given a few lines * The Dominicans, or Black Friars, who above. have left their name to the locality.

: /. f. skinner.

a rr.] \SES MAD TR CITY. 177

lorandum as to five shillings of rent pertaining unto the Commo

i without Ludgate i A foL 109

iorandum as to two shillings granted unto a certain person for a nisin made within the liberties of London . .A 109

Grant by the Mayor and Alden he house which formerly belonged unto Robert de Clyfforde, shall be sold *or mortgaged for expe- diting the business of the City A 135

Robert Clyfforde, the elder, enfeoffed the Mayor and Citizens of London of his house, and of eight shillings of rent A 135

Lease of the Moor D 97

Deed made between the Commonalty and Aldermen, and the Collectors of the Ward of the Tower, as to arrears of Tallage owed by the said Aldermen and Collectors D 121

Memorandum as to five shillings granted by the Mayor and Commonalty unto a (vrtuin Clerk for the term of his life . . . . ])

A tenement without Algate granted unto a certain serjeant . D 123

Grant of the Hermitage near the garden of his lordship the King, upon Tourhille . E 35

Grant of the Hermitage without Algate, and of certain other pieces of land E 166

That the Masters of the Bridge shall cause Saint Botolph's Wharf to be repaired, and shall take the same into their own hands, until they shall have levied their costs therefrom E S154

Memorandum as to twenty shillings left by the Testament of Thomas Romeyn unto the Chamber of the Guildhall .... 1 ] 166

Memorandum as to timber granted by the Lord do Wake, and lead by the Bishop of Winchester, towards the building of the Chapel at the Guildhall of London . ... 1

Lease of Saint Botolph's Whari 1

Irichgate let for a term of years . . . 1 1 J

The Commonalty recovered, as against the Bishop of 'Bcdlem, a certain tenement in the suburbs of London ... F 1

1 Given M 'And* in the original. r ' '; ' i • thl. '

•: ll;!l. MjfefcMfm , in o

-tit ,.!i\ ,!• ::!,, .1 • AM. ,v.,t..

478 GRANTS AND I.V.V^K.s MADE BY Till <H\. [B.iv.

Lease of Saint Botolph's Wharf i. F foi 38

Writing and Licence granted unto a cvituin woman, by the Mayor and Commonalty, to make a certain Quay in Suthwerk, near the dwelling- house of the Abbat of Saint Augustine's at Canterbury . . E 199 Lease, by H[enry] HMeys, of a certain house called ' Le Hales/ belong- ing to London Bridge ; and Lease of Saint Botolph's Wharf . B 40 Lease of a tenement without Neugate unto William de Naples . F 166 A certain place near the 2Brethren of the Holy Cross to ferm let F 148 A certain piece of land near the wall of the Bishop of London, in the parish of Saint Faith, granted unto the Wardens of London Bridge F 81 16 Memorandum as to a certain place within Algate, belonging to the

City ... G 72

Grant of a certain piece of land made unto the Bishop of London, he

paying forty shillings yearly unto London Bridge . . . G 95

Grant unto John Watlyngtone of a certain garden, and *the houses above

Crepulgate H 13

Also, Grant of the Postern unto John Cobbe . . .* . H 13 Also, Grant made unto Robert de Lenne of a stall beneath the Gate of

Ludgate H 13

Grant made unto William Greyngham of forty shillings yearly for tin*

term of his life H 24

Grant of Aldrichgate unto Ralph Strode . . . . H 24 Commission of the Mayor for the cleansing of divers hythes . H 61 Charter under the Common Seal for William Tauntone, as to a dwelling- house at Bisshopisgate . . H 78

Grant made unto two Serjeants of the Chamber as to dwelling-houses

above Ludgate . . . . H 91

Grant made unto Henry Begge of a certain house in 6Canewykestrete,

for a term of fifty years II 117

Bills for repair of the streets without the Gates of London . H 120 Grant made unto Robert Knolles of an 6hautpas . . . 1 1 1 '-\* Surrender of houses above Aldrichesgate, by Ralph Strode . II 160

1 OrWallis. See page 421 ante, Note 3. • Or Candlewick-street, now Cann-.n

8 The locality still known as 'Orutched street

Friars.' • Or 'halpace ; ' a room built on a raised

8 See F, foL 112. floor, and extending into the street 4 Or seta of rooms above the Gate.

\SE« MADI i;v mi rmr.

Grant made unto the same Ralph of four marks yearly, for the term of his life L II •*. 169, 203

Grant made unto John Watlyngtone of a certain vacant place within 11 183

Grant made unto Richard Jardevile of houses above Ludgate . H 184

Grant made unto John Hermesthorp, Master of Saint Katherine's, of a certain place near the Tower II 199

Grant made unto Ralph Strode of twenty marks yearly, for seven yrurs H 203

Grant made unto John Fekynham of three pounds yearly, for the term of his life H 203

Grant made unto John Sterling of the Postern . . . H 204

Grant made unto Richard Forster of houses above Algate . 1 1 204

Grant made unto Walter Tauntone of a certain dwelling-house near Bisshopisgat* H 78

Grant made unto William Wircestre and Philip Walworthc of Lud- guto H 91

Stations about the Cross in Chcpe, and about lBrokyncros, to ferm H 113

The Gate of Aldrichgate granted unto John Blytone for term of life II 311

Grant of the Gate upon London Bridge, with its appurtenances, made unto William Est II 326

Ordinance of IBakwelhallo H

Charter of the Mayor and Commonalty, made by John Scot- londe as to a certain house without Crepulgatc . H 94

ho Mayor and Commonalty, and of tin- Wardens of London Bridge, made by Thomas Hatfelde, aa to tenements in Graschir. •Into B

Sale of a small piece of land, the common soil, situate in Stanyng- luno . .H 296

Grant and Writing as to a tenement and the garden of the Chapel of

. . . II 1 to

Licence to build a Conduit at the Church of Saint Michael le Quern II 252

i*».ly Hi.- 'Old Croem, at the Went «toate at the end of the Church of St end of Wort Chepe,' mentioned by Stow. Michael le Quern. It mu removed A. a 1390. « known M the Standard, and WM * Bakewei) Hall, in Bamnghall War.l.

ISO GRANTS AND LEASES MADE BY THE CUV. [B.iv.

Grant as to making a certain step at the end of Granthamlane i. 1 1 ?<>i 1 1 J Grant made unto Richard Osbarn of two shops and a vacant piece of

ground in Bassyngeshawe, for a term of years . . . .12 Indenture [made] between the Mayor and Commonalty, and Riehunl

Osbarne, as to the same ........ I 6

Indenture [made] between the Mayor and Aldermen as to the Grant of

a Lane called ' ^ethereslane ' in the Parish of Saint Botolph . I 19 Indentures of Lease of a Stall below the wall of the Church of Saint

Peter in Westchepe I 23

Grant made unto John Credy of the Gate of Crepulgate . I 68

Grant of one gown yearly unto John Briggewater, Chaplain of the

2Chapel ' over the Bones of the Dead/ the same to be received from the

Chamberlain I 210

Ordinance as to the 8Moor and the new Latrine at London Wall I 152 Lease of a certain vacant place on Houndesdiche for a term of sixty

years, for ten shillings yearly to be paid I 203

Ordinance for the maintenance of the new works [at the Guildhall] of

London I 121

Ordinance of the Chamberlain and Wardens of London Bridge I 32 John Bretone surrendered Saint Botolph's Wharf, it being in a ruinous

state B 35

Of the Office of Mayor, Recorder, [and] Aldermen, and of their Acts ; also, of of her Officers and Serjeants of the Cluanln /-, ,tm1 tMr Fees ; and of their Elections.

The Mayor had the name of ' Warden ' B 35

Grant by the King of leave to elect a Mayor, and Election of Henry *Galeys as Mayor .......

Charter of the King, for restoration unto the City [of its

B 38

Liberties], together with the Mayoralty ....

Henry Galeys, Mayor, presented unto the King at Fulham, and afterwards sworn in the Exchequer . . . .

Liberation of the City, and delivery unto Henry Galeys of its liberties, as granted by John Bretone, Warden . . ^

1 Qy. if not * Retherealane ? ' also known a Finabury Moor.

as ' Retheresgate, ' near Dowgate. 4 More commonly called 'Wallis/ or

* See page 447 ante, and Note 3. 'Waleys.' See page 421 ant*, Note 3.

RIT.] 481

' of tin commanding] that the people not summoi

unln. shall not conic t<» t' yor . . L 1)

Oath of i id Recorder . . . . . 1) 2

That the Mayor and Aldermen shall make enquiry as to the Sheriffs, ! ks, and Serjeants, and as to extortions by them committed . E 4 Writ [commanding] that no one shall be present at the Election of

>r and Sheriffs, unless he be summoned . . . .1 That the Mayor < ens, and shall not

.uue in office beyond a single \ . . . . . K

Commission to Nicholas Farndone, that he shall be Mayor so long as the

King shall please E 1 PJ

t [commanding] that John Pulteney, the Mayor, shall be obedient

unto the Earl of Cornwall, Warden of England . E 216

Grant of one hundred pounds made unto Walter Turk, late Mayor, by

'ommonalty l 187

the Mayor shall be one of the Justiciars for delivery of the Gaol

Newgate F 104

Also, that the Mayor shall be Escheator, — in the same Charter F 104 Ordinance as to tin 1 r ..... F 237

That the Mayor shall receive Bills, and riffs and their Clerks shall

be ready to enter Picas, and to take Amerceni id as to the am«

Amercements . G 165

of Walter Berneye as Mayor, and, by reason of

of Simon Mordone G 216

M nt made unto the said Simon by the same Walter of one hundred

s for his abs. . . G 223

[o.inmandin^j that no person shall be present at ,11 of

Mayor or Sh< nimu-d th. n to .

shall be a Brewer . . G 260

That in place of the May*' made by t h. • 1\ ing ; [nnd

as to] the Sheriff*, A 1 Treasure i arons . . . 1G v

That the Warden shall have a Roll, and the Aldermen aimth.-r, of all i j.lcndrd . . . Oust um.f 221

* See Libfr ftutemarNm, f. »m. See page 244 <*»'".

i i

482 nn .11. MAY- i IIKK < m < ».it,

That neither Warden, Sheriff, nor Alderman, shall take anything for making execution of right . . . . . . L Custum. foi 221

That the Warden shall hold a Court for Foreigners daily . Custum. 2^1

That the Mayor shall have no other office but that, and shall not have

brought before him in the Chamber any Plea that belongs to the

Sheriffs ........... E 90

Memorandum as to a certain gift "given by the Commonalty unto John deGizors ........... DU41

Memorandum that the Mayor set out for Lincoln, and appointed another [to act] in his name . . . . . . . . . B 38

Fee of the Recorder ........ B 41

Election of the Mayor, and admission of him [as such] without the Gate of the Tower .......... C 36

Election of the Mayor and Sheriffs . . . . . . C 62

Election of the Mayor and Sheriffs ...... C 70

Precept of the Mayor made unto the Sheriffs, as to seizing the body on Statute-Merchant ......... C 81

The Recorder elected and sworn, and the Warden of the Bridge elected ........... C 81

Election of the Mayor ........ Clll

Election of the Mayor and Sheriffs, and Admission of them by the

Constable of the Tower, without the Gate of the Tower . . D 4

Fee of the Recorder increased . . . . . . D 108

Election of a Recorder, and Removal of the same . . . E 'J Commission that Hamo Chigewelle shall be Mayor so long as the K i shall please .... .... E 148

Of the death of John Oxenforde, 2Mayor, and Election of Simon Fraun- ceys as Mayor ......... F 60, -2

Fee of the Recorder increased, and that he shall have a

of suit of the Aldermen ...... E 198

That the Mayor may receive Recognizances before him, the Ordinance

by the chief men made notwithstanding ..... Eli" "Writ [declaring] that the Mayor has had leave to ab.M-nt himself upon

his business, and for appointing a substitute . . . B 99

1 See D, foL 145. » A wrong reference.

* A.I).

B.IV.J IM II! > 01 1.

Hills sent unto t: men for the Election r . L F foL *91

Writ for relieving the Mayor of his office, aud another M

tod .... I'

stments unto the Serjeants of the Chamb< II 77

moranduni as to increase of the Recorder's fee . . . fi 92 Decease of one of the Sheriffs in the time of his Shrievalty, and III of another in his place . . ... I

Ordinance that the Mayor and Recorder shall sit in the Pri:

Chamher for holding Court I 87

That every Alderman in his "Wardmote [shall appoint] four men

ling in the Ward, to keep, lower, and raise the j» s to remove

ances caused by filth, and to take distresses, or else four pence, of those

who may have put them there ; and to make him remove the same at his

own costs: and that, in default of their so doing, the Alderman shall

rain such four ; and in default of the Alderman so doing, after warning

given, the Sheriffs shall distrain such Alderman . . . . A 88

Oath of the Aldermen D 1

en shall be removable on the day of Saint Gregory [12

h] in each year, — in the Charter of King Edward . . E 90

That the goods of the Aldermen shall be taxed in the Wards in \\hu-li

dwell 1.

The Commons elected certain Aldermen in the respective Wards; and

whatsot \ . together with the \Varden, should do for the safe-keeping

n -ulatinn <.I tin City, the said Common- • hold as ratified and

gcxxl C 6

The Aid nnen amerced in the Exchequer, because they did not appear ]i|x>inted for them, to account as to the fifteenths . D 121 Pardon grant for . . . .1'

the Aldermen shall not give the Robes in \\ '

of suit, under a penalty of 100 shillings . . . G 65 That no Alderman shall be n ... G 260 That no Alderman shall be put upon an Inquest . . Custum. 220 That the Aldermen shall h. .Id 1 1 dinotes .1 Verdict of the Aid. -rim n as to burglary, the Treasury of his lordship the King having boon broken into . C

484 DUTIES OF THE MAYOR AND OTHER CITY OFFK

Judgment of the Aldermen upon a Testament, as to disposal of the

Testator's goods i. C foL 73

Removal of the Aldermen on the Day of Saint Gregory [ 12 March] E 116 Note here, an Alderman made Chamberlain . . . . E 189 A certain Alderman withdrew from his Aldermanry in one Ward into

another II 19

Bills for the Election of Aldermen II 58

Ordinance that an Alderman, removed from his office for good cause,

or a Commoner, removed from the Common Council, shall not be

re-elected H 58

The Prior of Christ-Church in London sworn into the Aldermanry of

Portsokene H 79

"Writ as to Election of the Mayor restored unto the City . . E 171 Memorandum as to men beheaded by Andrew Aubrey, Mayor, because

they rebelled against him . . . . . . . . F 44

Ordinance that no one shall be elected or admitted unto the office of

Mayor, for five full years after he shall have been such Mayor . H 245

Also, another Ordinance, that no one shall be elected or admitted unto

the said office for seven full years after he shall have been such

Fol. 276 B. . J

Mayor . K 22

Grant made unto John Salisbury, that he shall be Surveyor of the

water of Thames I

Office of the Wardenship of the Postern granted unto John Credy II 3 1 7 Grant of the office of Surveyor of the Thames . H 220

Fee and office of Serjeant of the Chamber granted unto William Est, for

term of his life SI 6

Grant of the office of Warden of the Oysters at Quenhithe . I 73 Grant of the office [of Keeper] and of the Prisoners of Ludgate, unto

John Seynt Germayn ........ I 131

A fee of ten pounds granted unto John *Marchaunt, for term of his

life I 190

1 This and the next article were inserted, made to Letter-Boot K, fol. '2 in. probably, in the year to which the latter 4 For hia services as Town Cli-ik. and .it entry bears reference, A. D. 1425. the instance of his successor, John

2 The numeral reference is omitted. p< nter, the Compiler of Liber A Itnts. See 8 In a hand of later date, reference is L(4t*r-Bf»J: I f..l. I

> AND 01 485

it and Admission of John Combe unto the office of Common Serjeant-

L I rot 203

Of Hie Com 1 1 1!

Grant of his Fee made unto the Common Hunt . . .II 107

finance as to the Fee and V(»tiiRiit8 of the Common Hunt . H 113

Another Ordinance thereon, — in the same folio . . . H 113

Grant of the office of Common Hunt IL 218

John Courtenay elected Common Hunt . . . . I 194

Of the Offices and Government of the Sheriffs, Under -Sheriffs, their Clerks and Serjeants ; as also, of the Bailiffs, Porters, Attorneys, >- Officers of the Compters.

ilty for disobedience shewn by the Sheriffs and their C'K-rks unto the .......... Horn,

i nance as to the Sheriffs, their Clerks and Serjeants, for that, in per- formance of the precepts of the Mayor and Aldermen, they are remiss and

tardy D

That the Mayor, Sheriffs, and Aldermen, as also their Clerks, Serjeants,

and Bedels, shall not keep a brewc . or tavern . . . H 15

v< < n the Sheriffs and certain Foreigners, as to wools bought of

Strangers by Strangers ; and Fine exacted for the same . . £ 222

That the Mayor and Aldermen shall make enquiry as to the Sheriffs, [and]

and Serjeants, and as to extortions by them committed E 4

"t th< King, [commanding] that the Sheriffs, when elected and

presented, shall, [it ]: draw themselves, be amerced . I. 1<>

1 >hall have only two Clerks and two Serjeants, — in the

Kdward . . . . K 90

Sheriffs shall only ci i I levying of Customs unto sufl i

Imni tli. \ >li ill be willing to make answer . . E 90

: i.i no that in Assizes of Intrusion the Sheriffs shall enquire into all

i instances touching the same . . £ 95

•lie HunUman of the Corporation WM • See D, f oL 146.

IHTM'.s OF Til; 8HBKIFF8 AM) OTIIKK MTV OFF]

[B. iv

fllO {ill

Fine made unto the King b}r the Sheriffs, of 1,000 marks, for the debts of their fenn in arrear, and of the issues thereof . . . i. D foi 122

Confirmation, in the Charter of King Edward, son of King ^ Kdward, made in his twelfth year, of the Sheriffwick of London and Middlesex .........

Also, that from among themselves they may appoint the Sheriffs ... ......

If the King shall make a grant unto any one out of his lferm, the same shall be allowed unto the Sheriff in his account .

If any person shall take toll of the Citizens of London, the Sheriffs shall take a distress in London therefor . . • V E

That seven pounds shall be allowed unto the Sheriffs of their ferm yearly, for the Liberty of Saint Paul's ....

That the Sheriffs shall be presented unto the Constable of the Tower, in the absence of the Barons of the Exchequer ; provided that, upon the next arrival of the King at London, they shall be presented unto him ........

That the Sheriffs shall be amerced according to the amount of their default ... .....

Memorandum that the Sheriffs of London were committed to custody for

debt C 20

Item, that the officers of the Sheriffs shall not take more cartage than is needed, and that, from those who let carts, and not from others . F 182 Writ [commanding] that the Sheriffs shall only make oath in the Exchequer on the delivery of their account . . . . F 1 (. ' 1 Serjeants of the City assigned unto the King's officers, for taking lodg- ing there E 65

Oath of the Clerks and Serjeants of the Sheriffs . . . *C 2 That the Citizens of London shall hold the Shcrtffwicks of London and

Middlesex for 300 pounds F 104

That the Sheriffs of London shall be amerced like the other Sheriffs of

England . . . F 104

That the Sheriffs shall not be distrained to make oath in flic Kxchequcr except on the delivery of their accounts . . . . . F 104

1 The >«,, .liic t<. him fj-nm the

c Hi/ens.

B. iv.]

Thai tin- ! -hall have the 1 N and of oil

tilings . . . t.Ffoi In |

I 'lea })rt\v. -. -n tin- Sh. -riffs, by reason of their office, by Writ . D 96 Ordinance that the Sheriffs vacating office, on the Vigil of Saint Mich; shall have the customs until noon; and the others, nev

tin hour of noon . . F 111

Account of the Sheriffs ir . . . F. ;

< Jnlinance as to i -ion of the Mayor and Sheriffs . . F 237

I'.ill in behalf of the Mayor sent unto the Sheriffs, [directing them] to bring in the llolls of Assizes holden before them ... . G 166 That the Compters of the Sheriffs shall be in a certain place, and that they shall have but one Chief Cl- a Secondary, and what they shall

: — ami t\\«> Serjeants and two Vadlets, and what they shall take; — and that they shall hold Court from day to day, and that it' they shall n default in right, the Mayor shall redress the same ; and that all persons s be sworn, and that they shall take no amercement be\ Ive pence G 54

Item, that they shall hold Assizes of Novel Disseisi eight days, and of M \ncestor every ^fifteen days; and tl.

he end of tl, J -hall < . K»»ll> unto the Guildhall, to

be placed in the Treasury there G 54

Item, that tl.' > >hall not let the Gaol of Neugate or the Cotr

• ierm : imr shall the ' ;rge, save

v four pence from each prisoner released . . . . . G 54 at each quarter of the year, proclamation shall be made if any may wish to make complaint of the Sheriffs or of their Officers G

t 1 he Officers of the Sheriffs who take cartage shall not take more

. G 108

Item, that the Mayor shall |uir\ < ^ the Bailiffs who

hold their offices at sli-nii un itfs, as to tin i ions G 207

Item. i Clerks of the Sheriffs shall bo sworn before the

. G 207

present! i' the

1 >etavca of Saint Michael . G

488 DUTIES OF THE SHERIFFS AND OTHER CITY OFFICERS. [D.ir.

That neither the Sheriffs, nor their Clerks and Serjeants, nor their Vadl nor yet the Officers of Newgate, shall be Brewers . . L G rot 'Jiio That the Citizens shall elect from themselves Sheriffs and Justiciars, — in

the Charter of King Henry Custuin. 187

Item, that the Sheriffs shall hold their Court for Foreigners every

day Custum. 221

Ordinance as to the Sheriffs and their Officers, who shall be remiss in

making execution ; Injunction to be made by the Mayor . Horn, 321

Ordinance that the arrears of the Subsidies shall be levied by the

Sherifls C 87

AVrit of the King as to removing the Clerks of the Sheriffs and their

Officers, and Claim made by the City thereon . . . . E 28

That the Serjeants of the Mayor, and their Vadlets, shall be sworn to

maintain the oath of the Mayor to the best of their power . . G 207

Statute as to the Sheriffs and their Clerks . . . Custum. 52

Memorandum that the Sheriffs found pledges for payment of their ferm

unto his lordship the King, and to keep the City indemnified . A 101

A certain Sheriff conceded, that if he should behave himself ill towards

the Mayor, he would pay unto the Commonalty 100 pounds . B 100

1That a Sheriff who shall remain in arrear as to his account, shall be

arrested C 100

Election of Sheriffs by the Mayor and Aldermen, and twelve men of each Ward ; and Mainprise of them . . . . . . C 111

A Sheriff elected and such Election quashed, because he was not free of

the City Cm

Plea between the Sheriffs and certain Foreigners, as to wools bought by

Strangers of Strangers E 222

Memorandum that one of the Sheriffs gave as pledge unto the Mayor ten

tuns of wine, for disobedience committed towards him . . . C 9

That the County of Middlesex shall not be let to ferm . . A 1 1 o

That the Sheriffs shall find Clerks to write all Pleas which in tin- II listings

shall happen to be pleaded, at their own costs; and that on the morrow of

each Hustings the same shall before tin- Mayor, and Recorder, and four

Aldermen, be recited C 8, 68

1 Tliis article is wanting ii -I: < '.

DUTIES OF ] : CITY OFFICERS. 4*9

Also, that the Sheriffs shall bring into the Chamber of the Guildhall all

Rolls of all Pleas of Assize before them pleaded, each year, upon tluir

going out [of office] at the Feast of [Saint] Mic had . . L C ft* 8, 68

Thai i .shall hold no Court, unless four Aldermen, two, or one

ast, be present <

That no Writ touching the Commonalty shall be returned by the iffs, before it shall have been shewn unto the Mayor and

Horn, 'J71

.esame C 9

That all Clerks of the Sheriffs, and th. i into, shall be obedient unto

superiors .......... C 9

: for one of the Sheriffs, that his fellow should repay him the money

he had paid for their charges, costs, and expenses . . C 43

That the Sheriffs of London ma; a man appealed of a lf«>-

deed, and adjudged before the Council of the King . . . C 28

That the absence of the Barons of the Exchequer, shall

be presented unto the Constable of the To\\ . . . . C 25

the Clerks of the Sheriffs shall enrol all Pleas pleaded in the

Hustings . C 67

When the Sheriffs shall come to a place to execute the duties ot office, a: reason of obstruction or bolts, cannot enter the house,

upon Yiew of reputable men they may open the doors and do their

. . . C 68

That the Sheriffs, upon the Vigil of Saint Michael, on vacating their office, shall return into the hands of the Mayor the keys of Newgate, the

. . C 68

riffs, [and] of their Clerks and Serjeants . . D 2

Memorandum that one of the Sheriffs died while in office, and an

person, at the instance of the Executors of the deceased, was substituted

in his place . . . . D 2

Memorandum as to a ; one being presented at t lie

•ther not ; ai »• departure of the Mayor and

. and there elected a: r>on in place of him so

. D 3

• . a deed uBiiniUoil without the joru- * See ptgft 40 mute, ion of the (Sty.

ATTOiJ.xrys BMODfERS, LVD OOUVTORB.

[B. IV.

Ordinance as to how the Sheriffs ought to be elected upon the I-Yast of Saint Matthew [21 September] i. D foi. 3

Plea between the Mayor and Commonalty and one holding land from one of the Sheriffs, for acquitting the City as towards his lordship the King C 27

That the Sheriffs ought not to retain the monies of any person whatsoever Horn, 230

That every Sheriff shall have three Serjeants, or four at most, and not more H 22

Serjeants of the Sheriffs sworn II 93

Also, of Assizes of Freshforce H 286

Claim of the Mayor that the Justiciars shall not sit within the City I- 160-1

Precept that the Sheriffs shall not return the billets sent unto them by the Seneschal and Marshal B 98

Ordinance for the Officers, Clerks, and Serjeants of the Sheriffs of the City H 286

Ordinance that no Sheriff shall have more than eight Serjeants I 32

FoL 278

Of Attorney &y Essoiner s, and Counters.

That no Counter shall plead, if he be not admitted by the \ Mayor, and be an intelligent person ; and that he shall not be either Attorney or Essoiner ; and that no Attorney shall be a Countor or Essoiner, and no Essoiner a Countor or Attorney .

That no Countor shall undertake a Plea to be partner therein : nor shall he take pay of both parties .....

That no Countor, or other person, shall gainsay the judgments of the Hustings, or procure to defeat the usages and acts of the City

That whoever shall sit near unto the Judge without being called, — whoever shall counterplead the Records or Judgments, — whoever shall slander another, if it be in the Sheriffs' Court, shall be suspended for eight days, or shall pay half a mark ; and if it be in the Hustings, he shall be suspended for three Hustings, and more ........

Whoever shall take from both parties, or whoever shall take

(108 1109

I) ;v

S AND OOUM

191

- {18

[a fee] , and leave his client and league himself with the < party, slut 11 be suspended for three years. And who- shall receive [money] and shall fail unto his client, shall n - t urn douhle, and shall not be heard against him in such Plea Whoever shall procure to def» images or the judg-

•its of the community, and shall be attainted thereof, shall be suspended i< as perjured

Whoever shall undertake a Plea to be partner in the < 1- n mnd, and shall be attainted, shall be suspended for *

The same penalty shall be inflicted upon Attorm they act contrary to this Ordinance . .... And if Attorneys, by default or negligence, shall lose suits of their employers, they shall be imprisoned, according to tin Statute of the King .... 1 that no Essoiner shall be Attorney, or the converse That Counters, Attorneys, and Essoiners, shall be sworn The office of Attorney and Essoii

The office of 'Counter

That no Essoin of the King's Service shall be allowed in the>

rifts' Court

That Pleaders residing in the City shall be sworn Item, that Attorneys shall bo sworn, and shall sue unto the Common Clerk to see that the business of their elients is pro- perly nitered . .........

That the Mayor shall make enquiry each year as to the

Officers of the City .

That if any person 4shall be con to pay a sum of

money, and shall shut his doors and absent himself, the officer, l.\ fien "i i^hbours, may open the doors and make

. ues of Counters admitted by the Comra« -> serve before the

1 '

l.iim the liberties before th<- Kinjr, and hi*

D

1 87 1 156 1 156

F 105

of the Book M

thrac instance*.

Custum.

492 CHARTERS, « , ETC., OF THE V1LI. OF Slilll \VI KK. CB. iv.

Divers Ordinances as to Counters, Attorneys, and Essoiners, in tlu> time of Gregory Rokesle i. Horn, fui. 237

Item, that no Attorney, Countor, or Essoiner, shall stand within the Bar ... . G 54

That no Attorney shall be seated in the Hustings among the Clerks, nor shall meddle with the Rolls touching the Hustings . . . G 54

That no person shall be Countor, if he be not admitted by the Mayor, and sworn ; and that no Countor shall be Attorney, or the converse .........

Item, of the office of Countor . . . . . . } ^05 fi

Item, that no one shall counterplead the Judgments

Item, that no Countor shall undertake a Plea to be partner therein ; nor shall he take [pay] of both parties

Item, that Attorneys shall not take more of their clients than

FoL 279 A.

forty pence at most . . . . . . . G 54

Item, that no Pleader or Attorney shall force his client into a false

suit G 54

Proclamation if any one may wish to make complaint against the Sheriffs

or other officers . H 202

Charters, Customs, Accounts, Fee-Ferms, Ordinances, and Leases of the Vill and Bailiwick of Suthewerk.

Charter of Suthwerk ........

That no Citizen shall buy corn, beasts, or other merchandize in Suth-

werk ............ 1 in

[The same], under pain of forfeiture of the thing bought , . \~>\ Lease of the Bailiwick of Suthwerk for eighteen marks . . E 233 Also, in Book .......... *20

Writ for Allocation of twenty shillings, from Suthwerk exacted in the

Exchequer beyond the due ferm ....... S25

Accounts of Suthwerk . . G 10, 47, 76

1 In this Chapter the title of the Book is « G, foL 262, might also have been referred in general omitted. In the ]• resenfr instance, to. the Liber CiuiLu.tna.rum is meant has been added in a later li.-m.l.

B.IT.J on: 493

106 of the Uailiwirk nf Sutlnv, rk foi *262

That no one shall go into Suthwerk, to buy anything there . . 203 Memorandum as to ten pounds of the ferm of Suthwerk granted unto the

a . . 175

Of the Bailiwick of Suthewerk, and Lease thereof . . 6r>. Account thereof .......... 58

"Writ to distrain the Mayor and Sheriffs, on a certain Presentment against

them presented in Suthwerk ; as also, the Presentment aforesaid . *294 Lease of the Bailiwick of Suthwerk to ferm .... 101, 160 Plea between his lordship the King and the Citizens of London as to

one shop [and] a half, at the end of London Bridge, which the Burgesses

of Suthwerk claim as belonging unto themselves .... *86 Office of the Bailiwick of Suthwerk granted unto William Est, for

of his life 4325

Office of the Bailiwick of Suthwerk granted unto John Combes . 267

Ordinances as to Money, Exchange, and Moneyers. FoL 279 B.

Statute as to Money H..ni.

as to Money . . . Horn, 99

Writ as to the said Statute Horn, 94

Writ of the King, [commanding] that Moneyers shall not be tax theTallage, and IN-tuni tlinvof C 63

Another Writ as to the same, and that they shall find security that tln-y \\ ill not sue a Writ against the Mayor C

Writ of Prohi^t inn ol M <>n< v rlipped and Count, i . . C 2

! the King for proclamation that 'Pollards and Crocards shall pan cun ... . C'

An< as to m; .change of such money . . C 39

Serjeants elected in every Ward, to oversee whether any one receives the said money . C

m been added in a later hand. * < 'lipped and crooked coin* extensively

• led in a later hand. .m^-it.-,! into thia country from Handera,

> H ailded in a later hand. temp. Ed wart I 1. Uled in a later hand.

494 ORDINANCES ON MONEY, EXCHANf.i:, AND Mo.Nr.M-. US. [II. iv.

Writ for Enquiry what Aliens have changed wool, gold, and silver, i:nd other jewels, for Pollards, and have carried their gold, etc., beyond sea L C foi 46

"Writ unto the Justiciars as to the same . . . . . C 46

Mandate from the Exchequer that no one should refuse the money then current . . . . . . . . . . . C 24

That no Exchange of money, or of anything that pertains unto the Exchange, shall be made except at the Tower . . . . C 25

Writ for Enquiry as to those who commit offences in reference to money ........... C 31

That no bad money shall be brought within the realm .

That in each Port of arrival, there shall be Searchers .

That money counterfeited after the Sterling, if it be not good

E 32

according to the old standard, shall be forfeited

That no one shall sell wools, hides, skins, lead, or tin, except

for [money] sterling or for bullion of silver ....

That no money of the coinage of England, and no silver in

bullion, or in any other form, shall be taken out of the realm .

That the PoUard shall be worth only one halfpenny . . C 38

Writ as to Money . . ' C 32, 52

Writ of the King, [commanding] that no one shall take money of Scot- land or of other lands G 198

Writ [commanding] that there shall be several Exchanges . G 198 Writ of the King, [commanding] that the money in gold, namely Noble, Half-Noble, and *Ferthing, shall pass current . . . F 86 Writ [commanding] that money of Scotland shall not pass cur- rent (•

Writ [commanding] that money of Scotland shall not be receiv- any payment ..'.'. . G 298

That Groats of Scotland shall pass current in payment for three

pence G 312

Writ for the Moneyers of London, that they shall not be assessed to TaUage, and Return thereof . . . D 125

1 A 'starting* was, literally, one penny of Noble, the valne of which latter was two the current coin of the realm. &old French crowns.

1 1 thing, the fourth part of a

\\ '}'.- . :: i: ' .:] that the money in gold, with Leopard

shall IKIV* earn nl . . . , . . - L F tot 78

Writ [commanding] that tin Pollard shall bo worth only one halt-

M\ ..... C 43

Writ as to Money in Gold . F 121-7

\Vrit as to the money called ' lLussheburghe ' . . . F 149

Writ as to Money in Gold . ... F 90

Writ as to the Exchange ....... F 100

W rit agaiiist the Money of Scotland . . . . G 31

That no one shall keep Exchange . . . . . G -U

That no one shall keep Exchange of money . . . . G 49

\VritastoExchangeofMoney . . . . G 7'

it as to Exchangers . .... G 85

That money of Scotland shall not be received for sale or for pay-

ment ........... G 398

Writ [commanding] that Eustace of Glaetonbury, Moneyer, shall not be

assessed to TaUage ......... G 303

That Money shall pass current as it was wont . . . . H 68

Writ of his lordship the King for the amendment of the Gold and

Sil . . . ... I 110

Pro 1 1 made as to the Statute of "Galyhalpens' . .1160

//#, Renunciations, and Annulments of Liberties as to divers Persons of the saitl nd Reinowh of divers Persons from t

id i mi that two Drapers renounced the freedom, and surrendered

amr into t ho hands of the Ma\«>r . E 4

I )< »!••;« .illo was adjudged to lose the freedom of the City E 4

Ordinance that the Lord Fitz-Wauter shall have no 1 .'.thin the

'•uiMhall ...... , F 143

Al'j freedom of a Vintiu-r, who sold unsound and corrupt

li.j . . ....(Jill

i riotu coin imported into England who traded at Galley -Quay, near the Tower,

1 <> called either the latter, perhape, the most probable.

•

496 AwrrniCATioxs, RENUNCIATIONS, ETC., OF FREEDOM OF Tin. en v. tB TY.

Adjudication of the freedom of Richard Northbury, and Institution thereof . . . , . . . . L G to. 247

Certain persons lost the freedom of the City, because they held land in Villenage C 88

Freedom of the City granted unto a certain Attorney in Court of the King C 24

Certain persons adjudged to lose the freedom of the City, because they forestalled hay and charcoal . . . . . . C 49

A certain person lost the freedom, because he made himself to be a Broker, without being admitted and sworn . . . . . D 111

Michael Myniot was adjudged to lose the freedom of the City ; and was not to be re-admitted unto the same, without assent of twelve men of each Ward E 103

Renunciation of the freedom of the Fishmongers, for selling fish against the Ordinance E U47-9

Benedict de Shorne adjudged to lose the freedom, for the cause aforesaid ; and Restitution thereof E 154

John Waldeshef removed from the freedom of the City, for that he sowed discord among the Citizens, and urged them not to pay unto his lordship the King the Subsidy granted to him . . . E 21

Abjudication of Adam de Bury, John Pecche, and Richard Lyons, from the freedom of the City H 45-47

Renunciation of his Aldermanry by Thomas Wrothe . . H 50

Abjudication of the freedom of Richard Coggeshale . I 17

Annulment of the freedom of William Wysman, who fraudulently came into the freedom ........ I 131

Loss of the freedom by certain persons who were unduly admitted unto the same H 187

Removal of William Kyngescote from the office of Warden of the Prisoners and Gate of Ludgate . . . . . . I 83

Removal of Thomas Derlyng, Serjeant, from his office . . I 116

Removal of William Enderby, one of the Under-SherifFs of London, from his office for ever ........ I 224

1 Properly 146.

a IT.]

CONS! 01 Til! THAMES.

497

Of the Liberty and Conservancy of the water of Thames; of Nets, As-, TrinkSy and the time for Fishing; tcith dicers Or- rnces and Judgments promulgated as to the same.

I I MO n

90 91

Charter of King Henry the Third as to Kidels . . L >E ft* 10 Also, another Charter as to the same . . . . . 1E 10

That the great nets which take Smelts towards the East of i London Bridge, shall begin at the Purification [2 February], and shall fish until Lent, with a besom ; and after that, until the Feast of Saint John [24 June], they shall lay aside this besom Also, another net, called * Codnet,' shall go on from the Purifi- cation until our Lady in Lent and no longer ....

Also, another net, of the width [in the meshes] of two inches, and no more, towards the West of the said Bridge, shall go on all the year .........

Also, another net, called ' Petrisnet,' [the meshes of which are] two inches, and not less, shall go on all the year, except when they take smelts .......

Also, another net, called ' Pridnet/ and [which] begins [to be used] eight days before Saint Michael, and shall continue until the Feast of Saint Martin [11 November] ....

Also, another, called 'Tryinkes,' of the width [in the meshes] of one inch and a half, and not less ....

<1 that Lamperns shall not be taken after Easter, until

towards the Feast of Saint Michael, when the season shall come

She. i dels, are forbidden ....

Of Nets taken in the Thames, and burnt ; and the manner of measuring one Mesh ... . F 71

Nets burnt . F 70, 91, -2

Of false Nets burnt . . . F 165

Nets burnt, because too narrow [in the mesh] . . . K 194

That the Citizens shall remove all Kidels in Thames and Medeway, — as contained in the Charter of King Edward the Third F 104

1 BM i:. •••!. i"'.'

* See page 331 ant, ,

nances are given more at length, and the nets when these Ordi- hers named are referral to in the Notes.

I

498 ;oi)v OF mi IM\ i i; i n.\ I |: IN-

Statute of Westminster, in the five-and- fortieth year of the reign of

King Edward the Third— as to Kidels . . . . i. G foi. 276

Nets burnt, and Writ for the removal of Kidels . . . II 82

Nets burnt H 125, 197

Nets burnt H 198

Nets burnt . . . H 201, 306

Judgment as to Nets burnt i * . . . . .II 198

One Net burnt . ; .... . . . I 56

Of the Conservancy of the Thames, and Removal of Nets and

Kidels •;'.'-. . . . I 63

Burning of Nets and Kidels E 99

[The same] . F 71

Of the Custody of the Thames; of Scats, the Sale of Rushes, [the Removal] of Filth, the Cleansing of the Hytlics and Fosses, Lanes and Street*, of the said City ; and of the Penalties and Amerce- ments ordained thereupon.

That no Ship or Boat shall anchor at night, or moor, between sunset and sunrise, except at Queen-Hythe and Byllynggesgate ; nor shall at night remain upon the bank-side of Suthewerk, under pain of loss of vessel and imprisonment of body •„: . . . . . . . . B 32

Item, that all Boats shall lie on this side of the water, under pain of forfeiture . , B 34

That Ships and Boats which come by Thames with victuals, shall lie one day in peace without selling aught ...... D 155

That Boats on the Thames shall be moored at night on this side of the water, and not on the other . . . . . . . D 159

Writ for Enquiry as to Stakes and Piles driven into [the bed of] the water of Thames ... F 87

Writ [commanding] that the waters in which Salmons are taken, shall be under prohibition from the Feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Mary [8 September] until the Feast of Saint Martin [11 November] . F 87

Ordinance for cleansing the Hythe of JDounegate . . . F 102

Writ [commanding] that no one shall bathe in the water near the Tower Foss, or in the Thames near the Tower . F 2187

1 The present Dowgate. * See F, fol. 18C.

1 In a certain Schedule, in- serted tween folioa

of Book G.

IOSSES, ETC. 499

1 1 liy the Mayor, to take certain Prisage of Ships

ta, for repair, of Qoeeife-Hyihe .... L G rot 67

Comm i- ion for cleansing the Hyt ho • Watergate . . G 69

That no one shall throw dung, rubbish, gravel, or other refuse into the

Thames, Flete, or Fosses of the City < -

Commission for cleansing the Hythe of Dowgate . . » 0 176 Ordinance that all Boats which go to Graveshende shall be laden ; Whart of SeyntBotulf . ... . G 207

That no dung or filth shall be placed upon the said Quay . G 207

Ordinance that no one shall throw into the Thames rushes, straw, rubbish, or filth .......

Item, that every Boat laden with rushes, hay, or straw, shall take due care as to such refuse at its depart un ....

Item, that every Alderman shall enquire at his Wardmote win t her any person does the contrary hereof ....

ni, that twelve carts, each with two horses, shall be pro- vided to carry away the filth .......

I • 'in, if any person shall be held in suspicion of having acted against this Ordinance, and shall not be willing to acquit him-

is oath, he shall incur the penalty r [commanding] that no one shall throw rushes, dung, manure, or

other filth, into the Thames G 292

i < ,f t h. • 1 'rivy Seal as to the same . . G 292

Proclamation that no one shall throw dung, or any refuse, into the •i ICH, or into the Fosses of the City of London

* no Boatman shall take between London and Westminster more :i two pence, or three pence at most, for [the hire of] the whole of his

. II 1.

Commission for tin- levying of t\\< 1\. pence from every Boat with rashes,

uo Cleansing of the place where it is unloaded . G 300

That no Boatman, after sunset, shall have his Boat on the other side of

water, but «m this side . ... Citatum. 206

driYing 1'il- into thr Thames . i I1.'

Commission for the Cleansing of the Fosses of 1 . . G 39

And Iiiqui*iti«n tlu-reon, — in th ;^ folio

1 Thin inncrtion in no longer to he f->

500 CUSTODY OF THE THAMES, HYTHE6, AND FOSSES, ETC. CB. iv.

Writ of the King for removing dung and filth on the Thames L G foi. 64 Security for the Cleansing of Dowgate . . . G 156 Ordinance for the Cleansing the field of Smythfelde . G 291

Ordinance for the Cleansing of the City Fosses, and days assigned unto every Ward to find certain persons to do the same . . . E 124

Ordinance for the Cleansing of the Streets and the Repair of the Walls ... . . v> F 104

Writ as to cleansing a certain Street near the Friars Carmelites H 19

Ordinance as to dung, and Boats carrying rushes . . . H 116

That no Purpresture or Nuisance, by Quays or by Buildings, shall be made upon the water of Thames .• * . . . . F 105

Commission for Repair of a Way near Algate . . . . H 54

Ships and Boats prevented from leaving the Thames . . H 68

Commission for the Cleansing of divers Hythes between the Bridge and 1Wolkey . 4 . .... H 61

Divers Citizens elected for making provision for the maintenance of the Walls, Fosses, Conduit, Thames, and Walbrook . . . . H 97

Item, that no one shall throw into the Thames, or into the Fosses of the City, any rubbish or other refuse ; nor shall throw water, or other thing, from the windows, but shall carry the same into the Streets . H 98

Ordinance that every man, who is a Householder, shall find one man for the Cleansing of the Fosses, and the Repair of the Conduit and Walls of the City .... H 111

That all the Lanes, leading unto the Thames, between Castle Baynard and the Tower, shall be cleansed of all dung and rubbish ; and the Punish- ment of those who place the same there .... Custum. 204

Writ of his lordship King Richard, as to not throwing dung into the Thames, under penalty of forty pounds • . . . . H 278

Bill for Repair of the Ways without the Gates of London . H 120

Writ sent unto the Abbess of Berkyng for repair of a Wall near the Thames, which was broken ....... II 124

Commission for the levying of a certain Custom from Boats with rushes • . II 124

Ordinance for cleansing the Streets; and that no one shall throw water into the Streets II 144

1 Wool Quay.

B.IV.] Ti! II, \\ M BROOK, AND FOSS OP FLBTB. 501

Of cleansing the Thames of tilth, by Statute . . . i H iw. 239 Ordinances as to Dung ....... I 63

Proclamation as to Dung and Rubbish .... I 48

Of the Conservancy of the Thames, and of the Liberties thereof as

exhibited before his lordship the King . , . . I 62

Proclamation by Writ as to the removal of Dung . . I 89

Ordinance for the removal of Gardens, Herbs, Hedges, and Rubbish, in

the^oor . . . . . I 111 Of the sale of Rushes . I 186

Of the Custody of the Conduit, atid of the Watercourse beneath Walbrok; of the Cleansing of the FOBS of Flete; and of London Bridge ; also, of the Ways about London.

That the Course of Walbrok shall be cleansed . . . D 154

Custody of the Conduit, and Ordinance that the Brewers shall not

consume the water of the Conduit . . . . . . D 156

Also, of the same D 110

That the Wharf and House of Saint Botolph shall be made and repaired

by the Wardens of the Bridge E 125

Account of the Conduit F 19, 237

Prohibition of TTines at the Conduit F 20

That the Prior of the Holy Trinity ought to make a certain Bridge near

London Wall, in the Ward of sBradstrete C 47

Also, that the Prior of the New Hospital without Bisshopisgate ought to make one half of another Bridge near unto the Bridge aforesaid, and another half of the neighbouring one . . . . . C 47

Also, that the Bishop of London ought to find the hinges for Bisshopis- gate; seeing that he has from every cartload of wood one stick at its

entry. . C 47

Also, the Parishioners of the church of Saint Stephen Walbrok are

bound to repair the covering of the Watercourse of Walbrok, just beyond

v all of the Chancel of the church aforesaid . . . C 48

I mli -iit are as to the Custody of the Conduit at London . . G 203

.oibury Moor. the water WM warted.

« Large wooden tabs; by the OM of which * Brt»d Street

502 THE CONDUIT, WALBROOK, AND I OSS OF FI.KTE. |v

That the Course of Walbrok and the King's Highways shall be cleansed ......... i. Custum. foi. 203

Complaint of the Wardens of London Bridge as to the tenauN at tlu» ^tokkes; with a common Ordinance made thereupon, enrolled in the Hustings of Charters, holden on the Monday next after the Feast of the Purification [2 February], in the fifteenth year of the reign of King Edward, son of King Edward . . Husting Rolls of the fifteenth year

of Edward, son of Edward.

Inquisition for Enquiry who is bound to make the Bridge over Walbrok near Bokeleresbury . . . . . . . . . A 84

That the Course of Walbrok shall be cleansed of filth, etc. ; and that Rakes shall be put out from every tenement upon the said Course, from the

Moor unto the Thames A 126

Custody of the Conduit ^ E 179

Certain men sworn to keep the Watercourse of Walbrok . . F 100 Ordinance for the Removal of Nuisances between the Conduit and

2Stokkys .'.'.'.'.' F 102

Custody of the Conduit let * G 1

Account of the Conduit . . . . . , . . G 8 Memorandum as to 100 shillings of yearly rent left by the Testament

of Walter Neel, for repair of the Ways G 155

Writ for the Wardens of London Bridge, against the Parson of 8Wol- cherchhaw, for the Stalls there . . . . . . . G 158

Commission for cleansing the Flete, and Inquest thereupon G 39, 40

Writ for Repair of one foot of Flete Bridge, towards 4Secollane, and

Inquest thereupon ... . . . . . . G 48

Writ for the same . . . ... . . . G 49

Ordinance for Repair of the Conduit, Walls, and Fosses of the City Hill Confirmation as to [the Market of] the Stokkes, and other Ordinances

thereon . , .. , E 152, -3, -9

Divers Citizens elected for making provision for the Repair of the Walls, Fosses, Conduit, Thames, and Walbrok H 97

1 Stocks Market, on the site of the present * Stocks Market. Mansion-House; .and so called from the * Saint Mary, JWoolchurch. Stocks which stood there. * Seacoal !

B.IT.) CLEANSING OP THE STREETS AM) I \ \ KMENTS, < 503

Of the Cleansing of the Streets and Lanes of the City, [and] > Removal of Nuisances and Pu / -s ; tcith dicers Ordinances

as to Penthouses, Rain-gutters, Stall*, Jettees, Cellars, Gutters, and / cements.

That the Streets [and] Lanes shall be cleansed of all impe- diment from dung [and] chips, and of all [other] impediment

That Penthouses, Rain-gutters, and Jettees of houses, shall be of the height of nine feet at the least ....

That no Stall shall be more than two feet and a half

in breadth, and that it shall be moveable and flexible

(129

That all Streets and Lanes leading towards the Thames from the King's Highways, shall be kept clean ....

That no one shall throw dung into the King's Highway, or before the house of his neighbour .....

That each person shall make clean of filth the front of his house, under penalty of half a mark B 33

That chips found in the street shall be at the disposal of the Al- derman ........... B 33

That Penthouses which are too low shall be removed . . B 33

Ordinance that no dung shall lie in the Streets or Lanes of the City C 96

That dung, chips, and other nuisances shall be removed from the Streets . ... .... D 155

That Penthouses, Gutters, and Jettees shall be so high that folks can ride ith them, and at least nine feet in height ... . D 157

That no Stall shall be beyond two feet and a half in breadth . D 157

That all Streets leading toward the Thames shall be cleansed . D 155

That no Purpresture shall bo made upon the Thames without view of the Mayor and . \ Mermen ... . F 105

That ii<> II*. ml,, puling*, or Steps to Cellars, shall be made in tin- strcots, with >ut view of the Mayor and All in n F 105

That all who have dung, chips, or other refuse bel«.n- thru doors, shall MBOfV ti." HUM ..... . G 29

That no Officer shall 1tako a cart that serves for currying

(J

For the public purpoM* of the i ity .

504 CLEANSING OF THE STREETS AND PAVEMENTS, ETC. IB. IT.

That all filth and chips shall be removed . . . L G foi 103

That the Scavagers shall have power to survey the Pavements, and

that all filth in the Streets shall be removed . . . . G 165 That all Lanes and Streets shall be cleansed of dung and chips G 176 Item, that the Pavements shall be mended, and all refuse removed G 179 Item, that all Streets and Lanes shall be cleansed of dung and rub-

bish . . ... . . ' ..... G 196

That all Streets and Lanes shall be cleansed of all refuse and ob-

stacles . . ... . ... . . G 259

Also, of the same ..... . . . . H 14

"Writ for removing dung and other filth at 1Tourhille . . G 286 Item, that Penthouses and Jettees shall be so high that persons may ride

beneath, and at least nine feet in height .... Custum. 203 Item, that Stalls shall not be more than two feet and a half in breadth,

and moveable ..... . . . . Custum. 203

That all Lanes leading towards the Thames, from Castle Baynard to the

Tower, shall be cleansed ' . • . • • . . . . . Custum. 203 That the Streets shall be kept clean without obstacles and chips, and

other nuisances . . " . . • » * . ' • • . . . Custum. 220 Divers Men elected and sworn, for duly making the Pavements C 70 Writs for the Cleansing of the Streets ..... F 151 Bills for Repair of the Streets of Algate and Holborne . F 80, -2 Bill for the Cleansing of the Streets and Lanes . . . G 55 Item, that no one shall have his Pavement made higher than that of his

neighbours '. . . ..... H 15

Commission for Repair of the "Ways without Algate, Bisshopisgate,

Crepulgate, and Aldrichegate . . . • . H 54

That the Streets and Lanes shall be cleansed, and that no one shall place

dung before the doors of another . • . • . . . . H 98

FoL 288 A , Article*, and Punishment* of Broker* ; and of Mea*ure*,

Beam*, and Weight*, and the Small Balance.

Brokers admitted and sworn before the Mayor . . . . A 110

1 Tower HilL

B.IV.] RE< ;*PECTINO BBOKERS, ETC. 505

NV fights and Beams shall be true and agreeing with the King's Weights L A foi 130

Of carrying a certain Tron unto the Exchequer . 1 '»

That no one shall be Broker, but those who are admitted and sworn before the Mayor 0 1(1

That [any Foreigner] who shall be Herbergeour, Broker, or i at the end of one month after this Proclamation, shall not be admissible unto the freedom of the City for ever, and shall be adjudged to be imprisoned ........... C 16

The Small Beam to ferm let for ten marks . . . . C 12S

Writ [commanding] that when a person weighs by the Beam, the arms thereof shall stand equal C 79

That no one shall be Broker, if he be not admitted and sworn before the Mayor D 157

The City Tron repaired E 9

Divers Measures of the Inch, as also, Ordinance as to Nets Horn, 221

That the Weights and Beams of the 'City shall be in the Custody of reputable men, elected by the Citizens, — in the Charter of King Edward E 90

That no one shall be Broker in any trade, unless he be elected by such trade, and sworn before the Mayor E 90

Writ for making Weights for the Stannary, and for sending the same

into Cornwall E 162

ion of the Citizens that the Weights and Measures, not agreeing with the King's Standard, shall be burnt F 85

Also, that no one shall sell anything but by sealed Measures and

Ells . . G 100

hv th, King that Corn shall be weighed in the City G :t for payment of the Subsidy upon the Aulnage of Cloth . G 238

That no one shall be 2Correc tor within tlu> City, until lie shall have been admitted before the Mayor, and sworn . G 295

Ordinance that no Corrector shall make exchange or contract in the way

of Usury, or make any bargain, before he has brought the HUMT and

Vendor together ; and that ho shall not take for his Brokerage other than

is ordained ... . G 308, 15

1 8oe C, foL 26. 9 A sworn broker who contracts bargains.

506 REGULATIONS UKSPK<TIN(. NKOKKKS, !K. tB.iv.

Item, that no Stranger snail be admitted as a Corrector, before he shall have made fine unto the Chamber of forty shillings each year

i. G foi 308, 15

Item, that no denizen, or other person, shall be admitted to be Corrector, before he shall have been admitted by the Mayor ; and he shall pay yearly such sum as the Mayor, Chamberlain, and himself may agree upon ; and shall be sworn . . G 308, 15

Item, how much shall be paid for the Sealing of each Measure D 157

Item, that no one shall be Broker, if he be not received and sworn ; and if any Broker shall forestal anything, he shall be imprisoned forty days . .;.'.. . , .. • . . . . Custum. 203

Item, that no one shall have a Balance other than a good one Custum. 206

That no one shall be a Broker, save only those who are received before the Mayor and sworn .. .. .... . . . Custum. 218

Item, that no Broker shall be Hosteler unto any Merchant who trades in the merchandize as to which he is Broker .... Custum. 218

That Strangers from beyond sea shall not be Hostelers or Brokers, unless they be Freemen and reside in the heart of the City Custum. 218

Item, that all merchandize that is sold by weight of 25 pounds, shall be weighed by the King's Weight thereunto assigned . . Custum. 218

Also, that Brokers shall not take Merchant strangers out of the City,

to do business ; nor shall [any Broker] buy any merchandize for

his own use ; nor shall he be the Host of Strangers ; nor shall

any Strange Host be the Host of other Strangers . . . A 130

That no one shall have a Measure or Balance, except it be good and lawful . ; . . » . . . . . D 158, 97

That no ^voir-du-poys shall be sold, except by Balance of the Stan- dard . ... . .-.-., .-.'.I . . . G 298

Ordinance of the Brokers . D 101

Also, Ordinance of the Brokers " *' • F 108

Also, that no one shall sell grocery or spicery, *powders, drugs, con- fections, or other things, except by the pound of fifteen ounces . G 295

Memorandum that one William of Wolchirchehawe was attached to make answer unto the Mayor and Commonalty, because he had carried the

1 Fine goods, or 'goods by the pound,' Large Beam or Trou. measured by the Small Beam, and not by the 3 Perhaps for seasoning victuals.

B-|TJ NS RESPECTING BKMKI.HS ! 507

tn the Fair in Sm\ • ; as also, for other things done against

of thr City ........ L C foL 7

Tin I; ; i luuce repaired ........ C 23

The Brokers of the Carte abjured their office . . . . C 46

The Trons sealed ......... C 69

Meters of Woad sworn, and Brokers thereof . . . . C 83

Troners sworn, and the Tron sealed . . . . . C 90

A Tron sealed, and sent to Kyngestone-upon-Hulle . . .0129 The Small Balance for Silk to ferm let ..... D 104

Weigher of the Great Balance elected and sworn, and the Custom

thereof ........... D 1"»1

The Tron granted unto a certain person . . . . . E 31

Writ for Aulnage granted, and Process thereupon . . . E 47 Letter of the King as to drlivrrin^ tli* Tron of a certain person, and

Process thereupon . . . . . . . . . E 48

Brokers of Cordwain, Basil, and Peltery, sworn . . . E 82 Brokers of Wools sworn ....... E 62

Broker of raw Silk elected ....... Eli'.

J Mvors reputable men for [Custody of] the Small Balance F 162

s of Woad, and Meters thereof, dected . . . . F 163

Fine of a certain person who feigned himself a Broker . . F 110 i M the Small Balance newly made, and the manner of weighing there-

with . .......... F

Brokers of Wools sworn ....... F 101

Brokers elected and sworn, and Ordinance as to the same F 106, -8

K. nt the Small Balance ....... G 1

. Measurers of Sea-coal chosen by the Mayor, and sworn . . G 230 That no Foreigner shall sell unto any Denizen liiun doth, or canvas,

before the same be measured . . . G 298

Brokers of the Lombards sworn ...... G 308

, that no Corrector shall intermeddle with Correctorship, until In-

shall have been admitted before the Mayor and sworn . Ill*;, •_>!>

Brokers of the Grocers sworn . . . . . . II 29

Election of Wei- i rest Balance . . . H 29

i of Brokers in the Vi \ . II 29

sworn Brokers ot thr IVltorun II

508 LEPERS, SWINE, AND BEOGAH& [B. IT.

Bills sent unto the men of the divers Mysteries, for the Elec- tion of Surveyors; and thereupon, Surveyors of the Mercers, Pelterers, and Pepperers, elected and sworn . . . L n foi. 85 That no Corrector shall intermeddle with Correctorship before he shall have been admitted and sworn . . . . . . . H 98

Ordinance of the Brokers 17

Articles of the Correctors I 63

Articles and Ordinance of the Correctors . . . I 66

Ordinance as to the manner of weighing Spices by the Balance D 97

Foi. 284 B. Of Jews [and'] Lepers, and of driving Swine out of the City ; and Ordinances as to Sturdy Beggars within the City.

If Swine shall be found in the Streets or in the Fosses, or in the Suburbs, they shall be killed, and he who kills them shall have them ; and he who shall wish to rear them, shall be at liberty to rear them, out of the King's

Highways, in his own house A 129

That no Leper shall be in the City, or shall come there or make sojourn

there ' . . ' . A 130

That no Swine shall be found going about in the City, or in the Fosses

thereof . „ . Dl 153

That no Leper shall be going, coming, or sojourning in the City D2 154 "Writ as to removing Lepers from the City and Suburbs . . F 116 That no Swine shall be going about in the City or in the Suburbs

thereof G 29

That no Leper shall be wandering about, or begging, within the City G 192 Judgment as to a certain Leper, that he shall not remain within the

City . . . .,<.,.'.' G 289

That no Swine shall be going about within the City, or in the Fosses

thereof . . . Custum. 203

That no Leper shall sojourn, or go about, in the City . Custum. 204

That such Pigsties as are in the Streets shall be removed ; and if any

Swine shall be found in the Streets, they shall be forfeited . . A 33

Also, Four Men elected and sworn to take and kill such Swine as shall

be found wandering about within the walls of the City, to whomsoo. r

they may belong . . ...... C 2

» See D, foL 157. * See D, foL 158.

B.IY.] COURTESANS AND I'lKsow iAK!.N IN ADULTERY. 509

linance as to Swino . . . . . . L C foL 130

The Renter of ! Saint Antony's sworn that he will not avow any Swine

going about within the City, nor will hang bells about their necks, but only

about those which shall have been given unto them in pure alms D 122 Of Jews ......... Horn, 265

Of Lepers .... .... Horn, «265

The Porters of the Gates of the City sworn that they will not allow

Lepers to enter the City ........ H 20

Item, that no one who can gain his sustenance by labour shall go about

begging .... H 15

Item, that no one who can gain his sustenance, shall go about begging ;

and that no Lazars shall go about in the City . . . . H 98 That the Supervisors of Lepers shall be discharged of Assizes, Juries,

Summonses, Watches, etc. ....... I 199

Writ as to raising 100 shillings upon a tenement of the Lepers, and

delivering the same unto such Lepers for their sustenance . .Is That all Mendicants who can work shall leave the City . . G 192 That no one who can work shall go about begging wit h i 1 1 1 h o C i t y G 295 That all those who go about begging, and who can labour, shall Iravo

the City ...... .... G 78

That all Mendicants who can work shall be arrested . . G 169

Of Courtesans, and other persons taken in Adultery. FoL 385 A.

That there shall be no Courtesan or Brothel within the Walls of the

. *A 30

That there shall be no Brothel or Courtesan within the Walls of tin- City . . D 155

That Mon and Wmnon <•!' ill tamo shall l»o ivnmvo«l l>v tin- AMi-r-

•M ....... F 182

• •!' ill tamo shall be removed . . . G 107

That there shall be no Brothel within the City . . Custum. 203 That no Woman of evil life shall sojourn within the City Custum. 218

< Saint Antony's HoepiUl. in Thread- « See Liber ffor*. foL 967.

needle Street ; the twine of which were * The numeral reference • omitted.

• -, llonoe the old eaying, 'Like* « See A.M. Tantonypig.'

510 GRANTS AND sri»<II>lF.s To THK KIN(;, I'.TC. CB. iv.

That Common "Women shall not be arrayed in clothing furred with Budge or Wool i. F foi. 208

That Women of evil life shall not use hoods that are furred, except with the wool of lambs or the fur of rabbits, etc. . G 267

The Penalty against Whoremongers, Bawds, [unchaste] Priests, and Adulterers H 146

The Usage recited as to Priests, Secular and 1Religious, and Married Persons, taken in adultery . . H 238

Grants of Aids, Tallages, and Subsidies, (/ranted unto Jits lord«/iij>

the King ; together irith Commissions and Writs for Jcri/in<j the

Tenths and Fifteenths ; also, Dicers Securities and Assignments as to the

same ; and the manner of Assessment, Taxation, Levying, and Collection

of the same.

Grant made by the City unto his lordship the King; namely, six peinv in the pound upon the goods of those sojourning in the City ; and two pence in the pound from those who have lately come to sojourn therein, — the same for the wages of one Galley for the war . . B 30

Also, those dwelling in the City gave unto the King eight pence in the pound upon their goods ; and those who had lately come to dwell there, six pence in the pound; — for Divers debts and Offences touching the City B 31

Also, those dwelling [in the City] gave unto the King nine pence in the pound ; and new comers six pence in the pound ; — the same towards £100 given unto the King . . . . . . . . B 37

Writ for payment unto the Merchants of Gascoigne of £1,049 13s. lid., from the ferm of London and Middlesex . . . . . C 33

Two Letters of the Community as to monies received from the Sheriffs of London for payment unto the Merchants of Gascoigne, for the King's debt . . C 55

Letter from the King unto the Citizens, for mainprise in the King's behalf unto divers Merchants in the sum of £500 . . . C 58

Letter Obligatory of the King as to £500 . . . C •>

1 /. f. of the religious Orders.

x TO 'i 1 1 r. K : -"i 1 1

Letter of the Coininunity as to £31 19s. 3d. r« :rom tin SI

for payment D hante . . . . . L C iw. 58

Writ stiit t'nr Assessment of Tallage by the Jdsticiars in the

Cit; . . D Kit

nt by the King that they shall not be talkged . D 164

Allegations made by the Citizens before the King, that they ought not

to be tallaged as to their rents and chattels, like those who are of the King's

demesne . D 164

Memorandum as to 1,200 marks collected for one hundred Horsemen, and one hundred Foot-soldiers, sent unto the King in the "War of Scot-

E 1

Writ of the Taxors of the County of Oxford, to the effect that they should not assess the Citizens of London among them to Tallage . E 1 Mode of Taxation and Assessment of the fifteenths in the City of London, and Commission thereupon . . . . . E 15 Account at the Exchequer of the fifteenths . . . . E 35 Fine made unto the King of one thousand marks for breach of a certain earthm Wall, thrown down by the Citizens, and Writ thereupon ; also, Writ by the King of Release for such offence . . . . E 87 Manner of collecting the Tallage, — in the Charter of King Ed- ward . E 90

That all Freemen shall be in Lot and Scot, and subject to other burdens ; ih.it thr mnvhandi/o of those dwelling without shall be in Lot and

E 90

Assessment of one hundred ! as a gift for the King . E 189

in:r the sixth part of the chattels, granted unto the King,

l.v i .reign Collectors E in

That the < itizensof London shall be taxed unto the Tallage like men

Counties, and n-.t like Citizens and Burgesses, — in the Charter of

King Edward il ... . I 105

That all Freemen shall make contribution unto Taxes and Tallages

in thr ( . . . Cu.stin.i.

When Tallage shall be assessed, it shall be assessed as well upon the Landholders, wl trade, as upon the Traders .

ition bonr - . / . • < , ,..j

512 GRANTS AND SUBSIDIES TO THE KINO. [B.iv.

How the Citizens of London have acknowledged themselves to be tallageable L Horn, foL 257

Grant of one thousand pounds, granted unto the King and Queen Eleanor A l

Ordinance that if the House of a person shall be in different "Wards, he ought to be assessed to Tallage in the Ward in which he puts on his cloth- ing, rises, and takes his rest, etc. • '" . . . . . Horn, 322

And that the Alderman ought to be assessed in the Ward in which he dwells . . * . ;.- . . . . . . . D 146

That the Citizens may assess and levy the Tallage . . E 90

Letter of the Mayor and Commonalty, directed unto the King, as to levying the Tax * ' . . E 95

How much each Ward shall pay towards the fifteenths . . C 322

Commission unto certain Justiciars to assess tallages within the

City by the head or in gross - • « - . . C 83

Commission made unto certain Justiciars as to the Assessment of one fifteenth in the City of London . . * . . . . D 103

Ordinance that if any person shall have a Dwelling situate in different Wards, he shall be assessed in the Ward where he puts on his clothing, rises, and takes his rest . • • . . . . . D 146

Manner of Assessment of one thousand marks, for sending 100 Armed Men and 100 Archers unto the King in Scotland . . .El

Writ for making Fine unto the King for one fifteenth . .El

Writ unto the Mayor and Aldermen, [commanding them] to receive of the King's Justiciars the Rolls as to the twelfths, in the City by the same Justiciars assessed • » « . • . . . E 93

Writ for Assessment of the twelfths and eighteenths, and Bill Depreca- tory sent thereon unto his lordship the King •. . . . E 94

Commission for Assessment of the twelfths in London . E 91

Form of Assessment of the Tax granted unto the King . . E 104

Assessment of monies for discharge of the Debts of the City . E 106

How much each Ward shall pay towards the Tax, that is to say, the twelfths , E 104

Assessment of one thousand pounds, to be levied from rents and chattels, for acquittance of the Debts of the City E 124

1 The numeral reference is omitted.

B.rr.) GRANTS AND SUBSIDIES TO THE KINO. 513

Letter of the King as to two thousand marks that had been granted

unto him L E iw. 138

Assessment of three hundred pounds for an offering [unto the

King] ... . . E 142

Form of Assessment for the fifteenths, and Collectors [appointed]

thereof E 242

Commission for the fifteenths E

Assessment of monies for an offering unto the King, and for defraying

the cost of the Ships beyond sea F 3, 4, 5

Assessment for the cost of four Ships sent beyond sea . F 22

Ordinance for the levying of four hundred pounds . . D 165

Memorandum as to five thousand pounds lent unto the King, and Twelve

Men sworn to make Assessment for the same ; and Security given there- for F32, -34

Memorandum in the Exchequer as to one thousand marks granted unto

the King for [the customs upon] wool . . . ... F 42

Writ as to levying the fifteenths F 56, -7

Writ for discharging the Citizens of 160 marks . . . F 56, -7

\Vrit as to the Queen's Gold F 56, -7

Assessment of two thousand pounds, granted unto the King by the

Wards O 235

Pledges for Tallage seized and sold . . . . • B 5 Writ [commanding] that the Collectors of the fifteenths shall not bo

placed in other offices • F 191

Letter of the Community as to twenty thousand marks granted unto the

King F 205

Writ as to levying the fifteenths 1 99

Memorandum aa to five thousand pounds lent unto his lordship the King

mi different occasions, and Security given therefor . . G 247, 252 Acquittance made unto his lordship the King aa to the five thousand

pounds aforesaid G 255

Aaeeatmont of ono fifteenth and of a moiety of one fifteenth, granted aa

an Offering unto the l Prince and his Consort G 263

Security f<» 13e. 4d. It-nt unto his lordship tin King . G •„'•

> Edwanl the BUck Prince.

I I

;~'i i strBstDm ro -mi- K

Receipt given therefor . . . . . . i. G foi. 264

Commission for levying of each Parish within the liberties of the City

22s. 3d. ; and Letter thereon under the Privy Seal . . . G 268 "Writ of l Venire Facias as to John Philpot and Bartholomew Frestlyng,

for levy of the said Subsidy G 268

Commission for levying of each Parish 116 shillings. l)v 1'jirlia-

Fol. 286 B. .

ment granted unto the King •.-... . . G 273

Commission unto Adam Fraunceys and others, to survey the Assessment

aforesaid . . . ^ . . . . . . G 274

Commission for levying the fifteenths . . . . G 313

Account of the fifteenths aforesaid G 320

Memorandum as to an Offering for the Queen of Scotland . G 72

Two thirds of one fifteenth of the goods of the Citizens granted unto

the King by the Mayor and Commonalty . . . . G 47

Assessment of three thousand marks granted on loan unto the King. ...... . . . ?*••• . . F 121

Writ as to levying the Subsidy granted unto the King . . F 174

Grant by the Community of twenty thousand marks unto the King, and

Ordinance as to the Assessment thereof ..... F 204

Letter of his lordship the King as to the twenty [thousand] marks aforesaid . -.. - . '• . -. -. •. . . . . F 205

Receipt of divers sums for an Offering sent unto his lordship the

King ':'--.. G 133

Commission as to levying the fifteenths ..... G 302

Account of the fifteenths G 304

How much each "Ward of London shall pay towards the eigh- teenths . " . . • . - / G 322

Letter of his lordship the King as to borrowing a certain sum of money

of certain persons . G 325

Assessment of every Ward in London to the eighteenths, as enter. «1 in

the Exchequer . -. II 14

Bill for levying of every Lay Person four pence, by Grunt ma<l« in Par- liament ••••.•••• . . . . . . H 58

Commission thereupon . . . . . . . II 59

1 ' Make to a])|»car.'

B. IT.]

NT8 \M> -i i

515

ir

(76 1 83

79

Letter of his lordship the King as to security for oa thousand pounds, lent unto him by the Citizens

Indenture between his said lordship the King and the Citizens, as to Jewels received

Writ directed unto the Collectors of the Customs of the Port of London, as to Repayment to be made thereof

Indenture between the said Citizens and the Clerk- keeper of the said Jewels, as to the Receipt thereof .

Letter of divers Peers and Nobles as to the same .

Indenture as to Receipt and Repayment thereof .

Letter of his lordship the King as to Restoration of the said Jewels .........

Acquittance made by his lordship the King upon receipt of the same Jewels ........

Acquittance as to the same made by the Mayor and Commonalty unto his said lordship the King .

Commission of his lordship the King for levying two fifteenths 1 1

Kills as to the same, sent unto each Alderman . . .II

Hills sent unto the AMcnnen for enquiring as to the amount of

md for levying 21 pence on every pound of rent . II ;;»

Writs [commanding] that Clerks shall not be assessed to Tallage, and in thereof II 89

Grunt that from every pound of rent twelve pence should be levied, for Repair of the Walls and Fosses ... . . II 104

< h dinaiu «• for levying money on the chattels of the Citizens, for the same purjioses . . . . . . . . . . . II 1"!

ll"\v an Impost upon Virtual* might be levied . . .11 104

Security given l>y his 1.. id-hip the King unto the Citizens of London . liquid pounds, Irnt unto his said lordship the Kin^ H 108, -9

Loan of five marks and six marks, in the time of John 1'hilipot.

II lo'.l

Commission f.-i !•• \ying of the Dukes ten marks, of the Earls four

pounds, and of the Countesses — , and so of every person according to his

rank ; and Commission to the Assessor i*m; al*o, the Oath of the

Taxors thereof, and the Account tin r-"t in th. l.\. hrqmr . H 111, -2

to 1,-vym- tin- tifUviitliN . . ...... II 186

516 ACCOUNTS OF 1111 < ITIZENS, K I < . [B. rr.

Also, Ordinance by the "Wards as levying two fifteenths, and twelve pence in the pound . . . . . i. H foi 193

"Writ of his lordship the King as to levying one fifteenth H 159, 171 Assessment of five thousand marks ...... H 279

Commission of his lordship the King for levying one fifteenth H 301 Commission for levying one fifteenth, and a moiety of one tenth H 313 Security for four thousand pounds raised and lent unto his lordship the

King . -. • . . . . '- : ^ . . . I 16

"Writ of his lordship King Henry the Fourth as to levying one tenth and

one fifteenth .... ... . • . . .1 24

Commission for divers Subsidies granted in Parliament unto his lordship

the King . >. •. % * I 27

Security for two thousand pounds I 27

Commission for levying two fifteenths and two tenths . I 36

Security for five thousand marks <. • . . . I 191

Accounts of the Citizens made and rendered in divers Courts of the King, for Ancient Customs, Debts, and Purprestitrcs ; and of the Accounts and Acquittances of the Chamberlain and of the Masters of London Bridge.

Account of the Citizens returned in the Exchequer, for ancient Debts and

Purprestures D 135

Account of the Chamberlain . • . . . . . . D 155

Also, Account of the Chamberlain . . . . . . E 73

Also, Account of the Chamberlain . . . • . . . E 229 Also, Account of the Chamberlain . . . . . . F 2, 9

Election of the Chamberlain . . . . . . . *F 15

Account of the Chamberlain . . . . . . . F 40

An Alderman made Chamberlain . . . . . E 189

Account of the Chamberlain • . ... . . E 201, 247

Account of the Chamberlain E 173

Account of the Executors of the Chamberlain . . . . *F 173 Account of the Chamberlain . . . . . F 73,

1 See F. fol. l.'i. • SeeE, f..l. 17.T

»• «»•] IMI'lU-nNM! M-, HN!>, }.K. ."-17

Account of London Bridge ...... i F fot 195

Accoin Executors of the Chamberlain . . . F 166

ance of William Eynesham, Chamberlain . H 24, 95

Acquittance of the Chamberlain . . . . . . M 7S

Acquittance of Richard Odyham, Chamberlain . . . II 135

Acquittance of the same ....... H 181, 200

Acquittance of William Eynesham, Chamberlain . . . H 95

Judgment* of Pillory for Lies, Slanders, Falsehoods, and Deceits ; as also, other Judgments, Imprisonments, Forfeitures, Fines, and Burnings of dicers things.

One Robert Sutton was committed to Prison for shewing contempt to a Clerk of the Sheriff in Court ....... A 96

A certain man committed to Prison for having arrested and imprisoned thr Serjeants of the Sheriff, because they took Cartage to the King's use ............ A 96

A certain man, convicted of taking fees for making false laws in the Sheriffs' Court and elsewhere, abjured the Ilall under pain of the I'illory .......... . C 4

Imprisonment for Breach of Sequestration . . . . C 5

A certain man, committed to Prison for divers opprobrious things said unto a certain Serjeant, in presence of the Mayor . . . C 18

A certain Collector of the fifteenths in Langbourne committed to Prison, for taking 21s. 8d. beyond the amount ..... C 65

A certain man adjudged to the Pillory for pretending that he was a Sheriff's Serjeant ^ the Bakers of Stratforde, and placing them under

arrest until they had paid a fine ....... D 114

Forfeiture of Merchandize awarded against a Merchant stranger, because he had bought of a Merchant stranger ..... £29

Foreatallere of hay convicted ....... £ 102

Annulment of a certain Judgment as to lampreys . . . £ 108 l^rmcnt of Pillory for putrid meat ..... K 105

Judgment of Pillory for a deception practised with a 1garland . E 97 lament of Pillory for putrid meat . . £108

' A circlet or duplet, made of gold or silver, for the tod.

518 l.S IMHUM)NM!.MS, KIMS ETC. tB.iv.

Meat of Foreigners forfeited, because they had sold after Curfew ruiiir at

Saint Martin's le Grand iE foil 15

Burning of false breeches and purses . . . . . E 180

Shalloons burnt F 55

A certain man committed to Prison for having ^ffeered his own corn, to cause dearness thereby ........ F 139

Also, Pillory for the same . * F 1 in

Judgment of Pillory for selling putrid meat . . . F 153

Burning of false gloves, breeches, and pouches . . F 175

Judgment of Pillory for forestalment of poultry . . . F 177 Judgment of Pillory for selling putrid meat . . F 177

2Salsers and pottles of pewter forfeited . . . . . F 185 Judgment of Pillory for selling two stinking capons . . F 194

Aleut forfeited. \ . F 103

Fine for a certain false 3torch . G 62

Judgment of Pillory for corn . . . . . . . G 113

Judgment of Pillory for corn afieered in Common Market above the common selling price . . . . . . . . . G 132

Judgment of Pillory for a stinking rabbit sold . . . . G 133

Also, malt forfeited, because it was sold in secret, out of market G l-'l-'l

A certain Chaplain committed to the Tun, for being a nightwalker ; and

afterwards imprisoned, for carrying arms E 107

Judgment of Pillory for selling a putrid pigeon . . . G 137

Judgment of Pillory for selling ale by measure not sealed, and

for thickening the bottom of such measure with pitch G 137

Forfeiture of barley, because it was sold out of market . . G 1 '•'• ^

Judgment of Pillory for selling a putrid pigeon . . . G 138

Judgment of Imprisonment [upon a person] for a year and a day, and

of Pillory each quarter for three hours, with a *whetsone [tied] round his

neck, for lies that were disproved » . . . . . G 138

Judgment of Pillory upon a person for pretending to be a Summoner of

1 /. e. valued, or set the price upon. known. The whetstone waa jocularly said

- The was a dry measure, the to be the reward of the person who toM the

capacity of which is }>erhap8 now unknown. greatest lie ; and ' 1 tone '

six i.uulle was so called. is a phi.. t with in «-nr old writers.

4 T1 >t this cust

i TC.

hop, and summoning the Prioress of Clerkenwelle ; as also, for

ing to be a Purveyor for the King . . . . L G foi

Judgment of Pillory for selling a peck of stinking eels . . G 156

Judgment of Pillory for enhancing the price of corn . . G 160

Judgment of Pillory for [selling] oats, good on the outside and the

rest bad . G 183

Judgment of Pillory for making false deeds . . . . G 189 lament of the !Thew for a false quart, and because there was pitch

put in the bottom of it G 190

Judgment of Pillory for deficiency of coals in sacks, and Ordinance

thereon G 199

Judgment of Pillory for rings and buckles made of *latten plated with

gold and silver, [and] sold for gold and silver . . . G 219

Judgment of Pillory for selling stinking and putrid poultry . G 242 Judgment of Pillory upon certain Bakers, who had holes in their tables,

called * moldyngbordc*,' by means whereof they stole their neighbours'

dough ...........*

Judgment of Pillor. i G 24o

Also, Judgment for the same ....... G 245

Judgment of Pillory for cutting a certain purse . . . G v

Burning of false measures G 258

Judgment of Pillory for lies, with a whetstone [tied] round the

neck G v

Judgment of Pillory for circlets of Lit ten, j»Lited and sold for • 'J88

Judgin 10 Thew for selling putrid fish . . . . G J

,Jii.li_'!.;.-i:t ui Pillory [upon a person] for taking away a child, to go him .........

Hides forfeited for being badly tanned £ 101

False shoes i E 101

The Testament of II ..\\ Neuport annulled at the Hustings of Common

Pleas, holden on the Monday next before the Feast of Saint Margaret the

.rin [20 July], in the five-ami -thirtirth year of the reign of King

.ird, son of King Henry [Huating I toll] of the five-ami- 1 h i ar.

1 ^.-i-.i ' \ i * Th<- ivfi-rciu:<- w iimittod.

520 SENTENCES, IMPRISONMENTS, FINES, ETC. [B. IT.

Judgment of the Warden and Aldermen for the removal of a certain

jakes, which was a nuisance, etc. . . . . . i. A foi. 81

Plea of Account between a Master and his Apprentice ; and other Pleas

of Trespass C 118

Fine inflicted upon a certain Dyer, because he had sent to the mill raw

cloths to be fulled D 112

A certain Woman put into the Tun, because she was out at night

after lawful hours , . . . . . . . . E 114

Judgment of Pillory for putrid meat - ... . . . E 04

Shoes forfeited . . . . . . ; . . 1D 98

Pleas as to Misdoers; as also, Indictments at the Wardmotes, and

Judgments thereupon . . .. . . .F 131

Charter of his lordship the King, in Confirmation of the judgment of

decapitation passed upon two men . . . . . . F 45

Fine of half a mark for drawing a sword . . . F 141

Fine for shoes of basil sold as tawed leather . . . F 103

Shoes forfeited . . . .. . - . • . . . . . F 106

Fine inflicted on a certain person for pretending that he was a

broker v . ,- . .. . . . . . . . F 110

Candles forfeited . . ...-;. . . F 75

Judgment of Pillory for selling a stinking pig . . . G 6 Fine inflicted upon Pelterers for false furs . . . . G 169

Memorandum as to the Punishment of Robert Brabassone, who drew a

knife in presence of the Mayor . . • '. . . . . G 306

Also, of false tapestry . • • • • • «. . . G 315

Judgment of Pillory for stealing meat and game . . . G 326 Judgment of Pillory for selling raw stinking meat . . . G 325 Also, the like Judgment for [selling] boiled putrid meat . . G 325 Judgment of the Thew for being a common scold . . . H 21 Penalty between his Parishioners and John Hokkele . . H 21 Geese forfeited because forestalled . . . . . . H 22

Corn forfeited because sold by a stranger . . . . II 23

Malt forfeited because sold out of market in secret . . . II 24 Judgment of Pillory for one peck of stinking eels 8

1 See F, foL 9S. reference to G, foL 156, page 519 ante.

* The reference is omitted ; but Me the

IMPRISONMENTS 1'INES, ETC. 521

Judgment of Pillory [on a person] for pretending that he was an Officer,

when he was not of the City L H ft>L 26

1 1 idos forfeited, for being badly tanned . . . . H 28, 30 Judgment of Pillory [upon a person] for false dice, with which he

played aiid deceived people H 32

Judgment against 1 Walter Southous, for extortion ; and Writ as to the

Brokers imprisoned for the same, and Return of such Writ . 1 1 35, -G Furs forfeited, because new work was mixed with old work ; and Fine

tin-refer H 39

Penalty of Imprisonment for false indentures made . . . 1 1 1 J Also, Judgment upon a Girdler who had 'harnessed a girdle with

silver H 42

Judgment as to circlets and buttons made of latten plated with

silver H 42

Judgment as to false smazers sold H 43

Judgment as to not fulling caps at the mill . . . . H 49 Judgment of Pillory for a false 'obligation . . . . H 54 Judgment upon Roger Thorolde, for speaking ill of the Mayor in his

absence H 642

Abjudication of the Freedom of divers Aldermen . . . I£ 45 Judgment of Pillory upon Bartholomew Bosane, for a certain false

obligation . . . . . . . . . . . H 54

.1 udgment of Pillory for a certain false [and] counterfeit letter . H 65 Judgment of Pillory for a deception committed, namely, 'counters

passed as gold . II 65

J udgmcnt of Pillory for false sacks of coals . . . 1 1 72 Hides forfeited to the use of the Community . . . . H 88 Cloth forfeited to the use of the Community . . . . I[ 88 Judgment of Pillory for lies uttered against the Mayor and Alder- men H 88

Imprisonment of William Leyk and others, for forty days, for affray

II 91

1 BM ; - I HI •* « Or bond.

/.«. decorated, or Mt oft • See H, fuL 162.

a Cu|« made of bran, or a similar mixed • Meaning, probably, bran jettons, known

m ul. M Abbey counter*, or Nuremberg token*.

522 >]NHN<r.S, IMrKlNoN.MK.N-i>. IIM.x 1!«. [B. IV

Removal of a Sheriff from his office, because he was rebellious

the' Mayor ......... L II foi. 92

Bellies of beaver forfeited to the use of the Community . . II ! » 1 Grant by the Common Council, that John Maynarde slum! 1 satisfy the Commonalty and Nicholas Brembre as to di\

offences by him and others of his covin against the Earl of Buckingham

committed . . . , . , ..... H *94

Release of Thomas Knapet from Prison, who had been so committed to

prison for words spoken of the Duke of Lancaster . . . . II 96

Judgment of Pillory for selling a stinking partridge . . H 97 Inquisition as to 2Maintainers . . . . . . . H 102

Judgment of Pillory for cutting a purse . . . . . H 105

Judgment of Pillory [on a person] for pretending that he was an Officer

of the King ............. . . . II 107

Judgment of Pillory for lies uttered against William Walworthe H 114 Hides forfeited ... ... ..... H 123

Judgment of Pillory for a certain false and counterfeit letter . H 125 Judgment of Pillory upon Two Men for begging under false pre-

tences ..... ..... ....... H 125

Judgment of Pillory for false sacks . . . . . H 126

Judgment of Pillory for putrid pigeons . . . . . H 133

Capons and geese forfeited . , . . , • . . . . . H 129

Furs forfeited . . ....... H 129

Judgment of Pillory for lies . ...«-. . . . . II 138

Judgment of Pillory for false sacks . . . . . . . . H 138

Judgment of Pillory for a false 8queek . . . . . H 138

Judgment of Pillory for false dice . . . . . . H 138

Judgment of Pillory for false dice . , , . . .II 139 Judgment of Pillory for a certain false and fabricated letter Judgment of Pillory for a lie told of the Mayor . Judgment of Pillory for Soothsaying as to a mazer that had f HIM

been stolen • ^ • . •. .. ....

Judgment of Pillory for false sacks of coals

Judgment upon a person for pretending to be a Physician . II 145

1 See H, foL 101. 3 A chessboard of some description.

2 Of suits and litigation.

: Pill. »ry f<>r [selling] rotten fish, railed 'conger' i. II r«.i. 140 Judgment of Pillory n* t<> coals ...... II 153

nt upon Reginald atte ('• . for [selling] putrid herrings

and mark, n 1 .......... II 154

•I udgment of Pillory for enhancing the mark . . .IF 157

Judgment of Pill TV for practicing the Art Magic . . . IF 155 Judgment of Imprisonment [upon a person] for pretending that he was

an Officer of tin- K 1

Judgment of Pillory for placing a certain piece of iron in a loaf of

]1

Judgment of Pillory upon a [person] for pretending that he was son of

arl of Ormonde IF 219

i m Judgment upon William Hughlot . . . . II 210 f Imprisonment for rebelliousness committed against the

AM.-rmanofWalbrok IF 224

Fm> fort; ited H 225

Lament for opprobrious words uttered against William Wottone,

man of Dowgate IF 226

Lament of Pillory [upon a person] because he hired a certain Approver to 'appeal a certain Brev ....... H 228

A Bedel removed from his office for lies . . . H 229

Rol* accused of procuring a certain Approver to

appeal Robert Buk . .... H 229

lament of Imprisonment, because certain men in arms had h upon a certain house with a strong hand ; and Fine paid unto the

sime . . ]I

•lud.Mi.. i:! !'••!•! :iking pike and eels . . II 247

Client of Pillory f-T practiMii^ tho Art Magic, and Al-juration <.f tin*

I i

.1 1 id groent of Pillory for stealing a veil . . . . IF 16

Judgment of \i\\\>\ ili"usneae committed against the

lo of Bredatrete II 256

lament of Pi 11* TV for lies uttered against John Tremayn, the 1!

<• folio ii

•

•VJ \ SENTENCES, IMPKISONM l.M S FINKS, KTC. fB. IT.

Judgment of Pillory for lies and falsehoods utU-ivd against llu>

Mayor 1. II foi. 162, -5

Judgment of Pillory for falsehood and deception . . .11 258 Judgment of Pillory for the same . . . . . .11 258

Judgment of the Thew for lies H 258

Judgment of Pillory for making a certain false deed . .II 259 Judgment of Pillory for writing the false deed aforesaid . II 259

Judgment of Pillory for stealing a leg of mutton at Saint Nicholas*

Flesh Shambles . ;. :. H 260

Judgment of Pillory [upon a person] for pretending to be an Officer of

the Marshalsea H 268

Judgment of Pillory for cutting off a Jbaselard ; and Abjuration of the

City H 278

Judgment upon, and Burning of, false caps and 2hures . . H 288 Judgment upon Hugh Talbot for his rebelliousness against the

Mayor . . H 290

Judgment of Pillory upon John Hasilwode, for a false seizure of

ale . . . . H 291

Inquest and Judgment upon William Whitman, for false merchandize

by him sold .. . H 292

Judgment upon, and Burning of, false hats . . H 293

Judgment upon, and Burning of, false hats ; and Fines therefor II 299 Nets, called * Tryinkes,' burnt in Chepe, by Judgment of the Mayor and

Aldermen H 306

Judgment upon, and Burning of, hats, and payment of a Fine II 309 Loss of the Freedom by certain persons, who had been unduly admitted

to such Freedom , . .' . . . . . . H 187

Judgment of Pillory upon a certain woman, as being a Common Cou rt MB

and Procuress ....*. II 194

Judgment of Pillory for false bow-strings . . . . II 194

Judgment as to Burning of nets . . . . . .II 198

Ordinance as to Traitors . . . . . .Ill

Imprisonment, because a party would not come at summons of tin-

Mayor H 207

1 A dagger, or short sword, worn BUS- by civilians, pended from the girdle. It was used mostly 2 A shaggy rough cap was so called.

B. IT.] SENTENCES, IMTKl-n \MI.M s I IN' 625

Burning of a book called l ' JubUe ' . . . , L H M. 214

.Judgment of Pillory upon Thomas Stokes . . . .II 209 Removal of W i Ilia m Kyngescote from his office . . . I 83 .Judgment of Pillory upon Geoffrey Lovey, for lies uttered against

Tin unas Fauconere ......... I 106

Judgment of Pillory for a false bond . . . . . I 1 1 >J

Judgment of Pillory upon one who feigned himself a holy Hermit I 113 Judgment of Pillory upon one who feigned himself a *beggar for the

Hospital of Bethdeli in ........ I 111

.Judgment of Pillory upon three men, counterfeiters of the Seal of his

lordship the Pope, and of others, Lords 'of England . . . I 115 Judgment of Pillory upon Laurence Neuport, who exposed divers coun-

terfeit Bulls .......... I 115

Judgment of Pillory upon Thomas Derlyng, Serjeant; and Removal

from his office . . . . . . . . . . I 116

Judgment upon John Askwithe, for obstinacy shewn against William

Sevenok, Alderman ......... I 126

Judgment and penalty upon an Alderman, because that his mantle, or

cloak, was single, and not trimmed with fur . . . . II 46

1 turning of false barrels in Chepe and Cornhulle . I 126 Judgment of Pillory upon John Berforde for his falsehood and

[•lion ........... I 135

Judgment of Pillory for false and count df.it 'cup-bonds . . 1

_rment upon Thomas Maynelle for opprobrious words uttered against

William Sevenok ......... I 145

lament upon Robert Hurl, lut, and others, for giving a female Orphan

in marriage, without leave of the Mayor . . . . .1 156

IiMprismiiiK-nt of John Gedeney, because he refused the office of man . ..... I 157

_rment for rebelliousness committed against the Alderman of Brede-

rtrett .... I

> Thi« entry would Mam to promise much, » /. e. a proctor, or collector of alms by considering that it w of the reign of Richard proxy.

II On referring, howerer, to the pawage, » Brace* made of metal, on which mam it has been found to be valueless, at no par- and handled cups were strung. In the ticulan relative to the nature of the book are present instance they were of plated copper,

-.1.1 ,, ..nun,,-, U,i,

526 UKCOGNIZANCES OP MERCHANTS, ETC. [B.iv.

Judgment upon Thomas de Albertis for falsehood and deception i.I foi. 162 Judgment upon, and Imprisonment of, Robert Cristendom for scandalous

words - . . . . . . . . -I 187

Judgment of Pillory upon William Redehede of Barnette . I 190 Judgment upon Thomas Russelle for opprobrious words, lies, and scandals,

uttered against Thomas Fauconer, Alderman . . . . I 194 Judgment upon, and Burning of, false caps . . .1 196

Judgment upon Thomas Tayllour for fulling false caps at the mill I 222 Judgment upon William Enderby, and Removal from the office of Under-

sheriff . . . . . . ..... I 224

Judgment upon, and Burning of, girdles . . , . I 201

Divers Recognizances of Merchants; and Recognizances for Or- phans and others, and Process t/tereon ; as also, of the Sokcreve.

Recognizance of the Merchants of Provence, that they do not claim any

liberty within the City ... ^ .... C 6 Letter of the Abbat of Waltham, as to having a Sokereve to make claim

against his tenants . C 47

Claim of the Earl of Cornwall, that his Bondmen shall not be admitted to

the freedom of the City %> •.'.'. . '. . . A 80 Recognizance of John Blakeney, Fishmonger, made before the Mayor and

Aldermen . . . G 227

Recognizance of Richard Norbury for thirty pounds . . H 121

Process on Statute Merchant C 64

Also, of the same . C 132

Process against Roger Thoralde, by the Mayor, for words spoken G 42 Process for payment of the goods of an Orphan into the Chamber G 43 Execution by lElegit, upon Recognizance made in the Chamber G 221 Process of Fieri facias for an Orphan's gooii '. .'. . . G 205 Writ for levying a debt, upon Recognizance made before the

Mayor . ...... A 17, :.'

1 /. e. 'he has chosen.' A writ of execution chosen by th«- plaint,; .n.u the

Sheriff to make execution in a certain m.i

RECOGNIZANCES FOR PROPERTY OP ORPH A

Precept made unto the Sheriffs by the Mayor, as to seizing the body of

a Debtor in 18tatute-Merchant i C **. 81

Precept made upon a Statute-Merchant C 132, 419

•opt made upon a Statute-Staple D 152

Seire facia* upon Recognizance E

Precept Q$ Fieri facias, made by the Mayor unto the Chamberlain and

Serjeants of the Chamber upon Recognizance . . . . E 36

Precept and Process as to an Orphan given in marriage while a

rd E 225

Process as to the goods of Orphans E 250

Process against 3Mainpernors for an Orphan's goods wasted . E 244 Memorandum as to a tenement taken into the hands of the City, because

it belonged to an Orphan G 240

Memorandum as to repairing the tenements of an Orphan . G 253

Process as to tenements of Orphans, withheld by the Executors of the

Parents of such Orphans . . . . . G 6

*The value of the Maritage of an Orphan forfeited, such marriage being

wit) re G 119

Inquest as to the tenements of a certain Orphan . . . G 222

ion upon a Recognizance in the Chamber . . . II 28

Recognizance of Joanna, formerly the wife of John Shyring, as to ten

pounds ...... I 15

Recognizance of the Drapers for Henry Ilert, Warden of Bakwel-

halle . I 39

Imprisonment «»f a certain Apprentice, because he refused to make oath

to serve his Master * 223

m mission for apj ^ a certain Orphan . . .11 282

Concession that a certain Female Orphan shall be a Nun in the Priory

\vllmrnr II -J>S

Grant of the Maritage of Katherine Kelshull. . . ] [

* A bond of record, acknowledged before the Mayor of the Staple, whether at Calai.

the Clerk of the Statatee - Merchant and Antwerp, and other place* abroad, or at

the Major of London, or the merchant* a* London, Wnetiiiiieliii Hall, and eleewhere in

eigncd for that pnrpoee; aba, before the England.

Mayor* and Bailifle of other towna and I.: t

4 Seepage 410

IM1 of record, acknowledged before • The title of the Book » ouitfeL

528 KING'S LETTERS TO THE MAYOR AND ALPFIIMEN, ETC. CB.IV.

Letters of his lordship the Riny, and of other Lonlx, Temporal and Spiritual, sent unto the Mayor and Alder mm ; and of the Answers of t/ie satne.

A certain Letter sent unto Elias Russelle and others, for granting one thousand pounds unto the King . . . . . L A foi l

Also, certain Petitions made, and by them sent unto the King . A *

Letter of the King sent unto Henry Galeys, Mayor, to come into the parts of Scotland, and to appoint another to act in his place . A *

Letter of the Archbishop of Canterbury, directed to the Sheriffs of London, that they should not withdraw his tenants of Harewe2 from the Court of the same Archbishop . . . . . . . C 51

Letter of the Mayor and Commonalty sent unto the same Archbishop, on a certain Citation by him made . . . . . . C 51

Second Letter of the Archbishop of Canterbury, as to citing the Warden of London Bridge for Pontage taken of his tenants . . . C 52

Letter of the same [Citizens] sent unto the Duke of Lorraine, Brabant, and Lemburg '.•..*.'.'. . . . . . C 53

Letter of the same sent unto the Countess of Gloucester, that her Officers at Merlawe shall not distrain the Citizens for custom . . . C 59

Also, another Letter to the Countess of Gloucester . . . C 59

Letter of the King, announcing that John Blound, the Mayor, shall be made a Knight C 88

Letter of the Bailiffs of Berwick, that they would not take custom of the Citizens of London C 91

Letter of the Lady Isabella, the Queen, to announce unto the Mayor and Aldermen the birth of Edward, her firstborn son . . . . D 168

Also, [another] Letter as to the same . . . . . D 168

Letter sent unto his lordship the King, to have his favour as to divers liberties then under consideration in the Council . . . E 129

Letter of the King that the Citizens shall not receive certain Lords who are opposing him E 127

Answer thereto E 127

1 The numbers of the folios in these three 2 Harrow, in Middlesex. instances are omitted.

B.IY.J KINf.'s LETTERS TO i

.ig, to demand an Obligation- under the Common Seal as to the same . . . . . . i E M. ]

Answer thereto ...... ..El

don sent unto the King for liberties then under consideration in the

Council

Letter of the Duke of Brabant and of the Commonalty of Aiuhv that Merchants might come to the !Staple there . E 240

Bill sent by the Commonalty unto his lordship the King . . F 197 Bill presented for the Drapers unto his lordship the King . F 197 Also, Bill sent by the Mayor and Commonalty unto the King . G 19 Also, Bill sent unto his lordship the King, for maintaining the lil <

of the City G 41

Petitions sent by the Citizens unto his lordship the King . G 60 Letter of the King of France for the Merchants of England . G 154 Bill [presented] to Parliament for maintaining the liberties of the

. G 177

Also, another Bill that the Constable of the Tower shall not take any

Prisage G 177

Letter written by the Mayor unto chants of Almaine, by way of

Acquittance for part of their form paid G 191

t ing of the Mayor made unto the Hanse Merchants, for recovery of

one hundred marks by them given in aid . . . , . G 235

Letter sent in behalf of Robert Pynke unto his lordship the Pope G 139

tions presented in Parliament by the Citizens of London, and

irned unto the same Citizens, to examine and take measures

;oon . . ... .A a180

Letters of the Duke of Lorraine, 'Bavaria, and Lembourk directed unto the Citizens of London, as to debts tli his

Merchants . . . B 35

An^v.-r tl.nvto ... . H 35

Letter commanding obedience unto the King's son .

Letter sent unto his lordship the Kin^ . (

News sent of 20200 Scot* slain by the King . C 24

1 A mart, market, or place for merchan- * See A, f-i i : . . » An error, ] »rol «bly . for • Brabant '

Mt M

530 KING'S LETTERS TO THE MAYOR AND ALDERMEN, ETC. CB.IV.

Letter sent by the Citizens unto the Bishop of Chichester, as to Warren which the said Bishop claims at Greneford . . . . L C foi 89

Bill sent unto Parliament C 89

Letter sent unto his lordship the King, as to having power to outlaw certain persons put in Exigent before the Justiciars Itinerant . E 130 Letter sent unto his lordship the King, to excuse the Sheriff of Middle- sex from coming unto the said King in the parts of Scotland . E 137 Also, Letter sent unto the same as to sending unto him five hundred foot soldiers in the parts of Scotland, or else lending him two thousand marks . . . . . . . . . . E 137

Three Letters sent, namely, one unto the King, a second unto H[ugh] le Despenser, and a third unto R[obert] Baldok, for obtaining the King's favour . . . . . . . . . . E 146

Letter sent to 1Amyas as to the Mayor's Fee . . . . E 233

Letter sent unto the Duke of Brabant as to the Staple . . E 240

Letter sent by the Commonalty of London unto his lordship the King and

his Council, for the maintaining of their liberties .'. . . G 11

Bill sent unto Parliament as to the same . . . G 150

Letter of the Master of the House of the 2Teutonics, sent unto the Mayor

and Aldermen, as to the liberties of the Teutonics ; and Answer returned

thereto . . . . ; . H 93

Letter as to the Bishop of London sent unto the Supreme Pontiff H 104

Letter of the Bishop of Chester unto the Treasurer, to bring up the body

of a certain prisoner in Neugate before him at York. Return thereof C 80

Letter of the King, that no Prises shall be made against the wish of the

owner . . . . . . ..... . D 124

Letter of the King, that certain Aliens shall be admitted to the freedom

of the City . . . . . D 144

Answer thereto . . D 144

Letter and Writ as to taking and arresting an Apostate from the Order

of the Friars Preachers . . E 25

Letter of the King, that 8thistles, butter, madder, woad, and fullers' earth, shall not be taken out of the realm . ... . . . E 1 17

1 Amiens, in Picardy. grown extensively for this purpose, especially

3 /. «. the Hanse Merchants. in Belgium.

* Used for carding wool They are still

B.nr.) KINO'S LETTERS TO THE MAYOR AND ALDERMEN, ETC.

Letter sent onto the King's Chancellor as to merchandize arrested in

Norway i E fot 169

A certain Letter sent unto the Echevins and Vill of Malyns, for making

good the losses which certain Citizens had sustained . . . E 86

Letter of the King sent unto the Citizens, entreating them to give

security for his provisions . . . E 91

Letter of the King as to a payment of one hundred shillings yearly,

granted unto a certain Clerk of his . . E 114

Letter of the King, [announcing] how that the Mortimers had surrendered

themselves E 126

Letter of the King as to two thousand marks granted unto him by the

Citizens E 138

Letter of the King as to holding a Council at Notyngham, and Com- mission as to the same . . . . . . . . E 248

Letter as to the Aulnage of Canvas . . . . . . G 292

Letter of his lordship the King, sent unto the Mayor, Recorder, Sheriffs, Aldermen, and Commonalty . . . H 44

Letter in Answer thereto ... ... H 44

Another Letter of his lordship the King, sent unto the same . H 44 Letter sent unto the Supreme Pontiff in behalf of the Bishop of Lon- don . ........ H 105

Letter of his lordship the King, as to electing two Aldermen, and not removing the same . . . . . . . • H 291

Letter of his lordship the King, as to removing certain Prisoners from

Newgate to the Tower of London . . . H .998

Letter of his lordship the Pope sent unto the Mayor and Commonalty of

London . H 307

Letters of his lordship the Pope sent unto King Richard . H 307

Letters of his lordship the King, as to custom granted for three years

unto the Citizens of London in aid and for the repair of certain streets H 177

Letters of his lordship the King, as to security for four thousand pounds

borrowed of the City by his lordship the King . . . . II 207

Letters Patent of his lordship the King, granted unto Lodowic Johan

the office and custody of the Exchange in London and Calais, un<l

for the calling of Moneyer within the Tower of London and the Vill of

. . " .. . '..1 . 1 l-'l

M M 2

532 KING'S LETTERS TO THE MAYOR AND ALDERMEN, ETC. CB.IT.

Letters Patent of bis lordship the King, granted unto Lodowic Johan for the Office of the Exchange . ... i. Ifoi. 122

Letters of his lordship the King as to rumours from ^areflew . I 143

Letter for Enquiry who has imported or exported wines or other nirr- chandize, without paying six pence in the pound . . . G 299

Letter of the King to deliver certain Prisoners in Newgate, indicted for homicide . . . . \ . . . . . . G 1

Letter of the King as to cleansing the Fosses near the Tower of London . ' .' . . . . . ... . G 24

Letter of the King for delivery unto his Clerk of certain houses for the King's Wardrobe, and Delivery thereof D 124

Letter sent unto the King as to an Offering . D 125

Letter sent unto the King, as to Messengers going towards Scotland for succour of the Escort with the King's Treasures . . D 126

Letter of the Archbishop of Canterbury, as to committing John Claydone, a Heretic, unto secular judgment . . . . . . I 154

Letters of the Burgomasters, Echevins, and Councillors of the Vill of Bruges, sent unto the King . • . . • « . . .1 205

Letters Papal as to appointing a Collector » . . .1 208

Letters of the Bishop of London as to the Election of his lordship the Pope ... . . . . I 209

Letters of the Emperor made unto John Chesham, as to the office of Notary-public . . . ... . . . . .1 174

Foi. 294 A. Writs of his lordship the King, and divers Commissions for many and divers causes and matters; namely, Writs of Iter of the Jifsticiars, of Escheat, of Error, of Parliament, of Coroners, of * Customers, of Protection, of Delivery of the Gaol of Neugate, and other like matters.

Writ as to pulling down certain buildings near the wall of the Church of Saint Paul in London, erected in the time of Henry Galeys . . A 127

Writ [of Enquiry] as to damage, in case the Archbishop of Canterbury should enclose a certain Foss near Castle Baynard and without Lud- gate * • .'.**.'* A 131

Harfleur. : /. r. Collectors of the Custom*.

B.I?.] KINf.'s \\HITS AND OOMM 533

Writ for making Knights in the County ot Mi«Ml.\sex . L B M. 12S Writ for sending Two Men unto the Council at York . . B 38 Writ for correction of Error committed in the Sheriffs' Court . C 4 Writ [commanding] that the Dean of Saint Martin's should not be

impleaded by the Treasurer in the Hustings . . . . . C 4

Return thereof ......... C 4

Writ [commanding] that the Prior of Saint Bartholomew's shall hold

his Fair for three days, taking Custom thereat . . . . C 4 Divers Writs for taking and bringing up certain persons at London and

sending the same to Gloucester, to make answer there unto Accusations

made against them ......... C 47

Return thereof ......... C 47

Writ as to carrying Victuals to Berwick ..... C 56

Writ as to receiving the Coroner ...... C 71

Writ of the King against Forestalled ..... C 92

Writ of King Edward as to leave given unto the Nobles to make

Ordinances ..... ... D 103

Two Writs [enjoining] that victuals shall not be carried towards the

parts of France .......... D 112

Writ of Enquiry as to who had carried away the timber of the Walls and

Posterns .... ..... D 114

Writ for keeping the Templars in Prison . . . . D 117

Writ for safe custody of the Templars ..... D 127

Writ for arresting the Merchants of the Society of the Frescobaldi D 135

it [of Enquiry] as to damage if the King should give unto a certain

k of his a certain piece of ground near Saint Paul's . . D 150

Writ for Parlian . D 149, 1 >l

Writ sent unto the Sheriffs for bringing up Prisoners from Ncugatc

to Rochester, before the Justiciars Itinerant there . . . E 2 Also, Writ for taking certain persons, and sending them thither before

the same Juaticiars ... ....].

Writ [enjoining] that the Merchants shall take wools, skins, etc., only to

Writ for Detainer of the fcrrn of the City, until satisfaction shall have

113.

[B.iv.

534

been made unto the Citizens for a certain debt; and Writ unto the

of the Exchequer thereon . . . . . . . i. D foi 160

1 Writ as to Houses of divers storeys being in several hands, for compelling

each person to repair his own part K 17

Writ for holding a Parliament at York, and Commission of the Citizens

thereupon . . . . . ,«. . . . . . E 20

Writ as to the King's Privy Seal, which was missing . . E 23 Writ of * Venire facias upon two Citizens at Lincoln, for the ordaining of

a certain Staple in the parts of France .».'.* . . E 46 Writ for admitting Probate of the Testament of Edward Horn E 33 Writ for having in Wardship Simon de Burgh and his wife, for their

tenements as Orphans, they being next heirs thereto ; and Return of the

same Writ . . . . E 34

Writ [commanding] that no Recognizance shall be taken according to 3Actone Burnel, except as between Merchant and

Merchant * ... . . E 42

Writ as to Probate of the Testament of Edward Horn . . E 43 Writ for Probate of the Testament . . . . . . E 46

Writ [enjoining] that Prises shall not be taken of any one against his

will, and especially from Clerks . . . ^ ,--.. . . E 50

Writ for completing the new Tower near the Friars Preachers E 51 Writ for Proof of a Testament .... . . . E 52

Writ for certifying in the Exchequer if Hamos Goodchep has been

taxed to the fifteenths . . .s . . . . . E 57 Writ [commanding] that no Officer of the King shall take *Prises E 64 6Writ as to a Chantry founded by John Export in Aldermari-

cherche E 75

Writ as to Queen- Hythe granted unto a certain person by the King, and

Return thereof E 87

Writ of Enquiry as to the goods of William do Wysdale that had been

plundered beyond sea . . ." . • . . E 101

Inquisition upon the Writ aforesaid . . . . . E 101 Adjournment of Parliament ........ . . . E 6

1 See page 404 ante. 4 Seizures of wines and victuals in the

1 • You are to make to appear.' King's name.

* The Statute of 11 Edward I., containing * See page 382 antt. the Statute Merchant

B. rr.J uiUTS AND COMM

Writ us to bringing up the body :i before the Justiciars

of thi IU nth, and Return thereof LEfotG

;ise of merchandize taken at sea and then rescued, where 'Wither-

nam is granted by Writ E 221

Precept sent by the Escheator unto the Mayor . . . E *36

Writ for making a certain Standard for measuring corn, and delivering

the same unto the King's Assayers . . . . . . E 58

Writ for making a Bushel agreeing with the Standard, and for deliver- ing the same unto the King's Meter . . . . . . E 61

Writ for the Iter of the Justiciars E 115

Writ for holding a Parliament at Lincoln . . . . E 64 Writ [commanding] that Victuals shall not be sold too dear . E 175

Writ for the Iter F 48

Writ of Pardon on the same F 49

Claim of the Mayor and Citizens of divers liberties in the Iter

claimed F 49

Writ for making Knights F 51

Writ sent for Enquiry as to a Ship that had been plundered at sea by

men of Almaine £74

Writ of Error before the Justiciars F 52

Return thereof F 52

Writ [enjoining] that if any person shall bring a Writ of Error, the goods and chattels of the Defendant shall be arrested to the value of the demand and damages ......... E 38

Writ for payment of the 3Queen's Gold F 56

Writ for the same ... F 62

Also, Writ for the Correction of Errors at Saint Martin's le Grand, with

Return thereof . F 278

Writ of Error before the Justiciars .... F 72, -3

Writ of Error before the Justiciart *

Writ as to the Custody of the Gaol of Ncugate granted unto the King's Lanli-n-r F 74

1 Kcpriml by Writ npon other cattle or » A perquirite anciently doe to the goods than thoee which by the defendant Gonaort ; being 10 per cent npon every fine hare boon unlawfully taken. or offering peJd to th« K

• ll, ,.;,,,,. - : on tt.'l

536 KINf.'x \M;ns \M) COMMISSIONS.' CB.iv.

Writ that the Sitting of the Justiciars at Saint Martin's shall not be to the prejudice of the City ....... i. F f<>i. 80

Writ of Error ......... F 80

Writ for bringing the Record unto Saint Martin's . . F 83, -4

Writ for having Recovery in case of Robbery and Felony com-

mitted ;. ' .......... F 96

Writ [enjoining! that the Justiciars shall take neither fees

Fol. 295 A. L J

nor robes ... ..... F 117

Writ [commanding] that the Captors and Purveyors of his lordship the King shall take nothing in the City, or of persons coming unto the City F 141

Writ [enjoining] that the excess of Salaries of the Serjeants, beyond the Statute, shall be paid unto the fifteenths ..... F 168

Writ for chastising Saddlers, Poulterers, 1Tawyers, and others, that they may not take exorbitantly . . . . . . . F 168

Writ [enjoining] that Fishmongers, Poulterers, Tawyers, and other persons, Labourers, shall not take more than they were wont to do F 163

Writ enjoining that Labourers shall not take more than they were wont to do. . . .'-.'.' Y '".'•.'-.. . . F 169

Writ [enjoining] that the 2Captors for his lordship the King shall not take anything in the City . . '. . . . . . F 194

Writ for the Burgesses of Oxford, to certify in the Exchequer if the Citizens of London have Assize of Bread and Ale . . . F 208

Writs of the King against Henry Home . . . . G 20

Writ for the Prior of Saint John of Jerusalem, who claims a certain Quay near the Flete * . . . . . ? . . G 28, 859

Return thereof . . •' . ' • * . . • ". f; . . G 28

Writ against Labourers taking in excess . . . . G 31

Writ [commanding] that Scavage of Wool shall not be made in the City or in the Suburbs . . . . . . . . . G 36

Writ of Enquiry as to who is bound to repair the foot of Flete Bridge towards Secollane . . * . . *• . . . . G 48

Writ as to the same . • . * . . . . . G 49

Writ for superseding Execution upon the Saddlers, at suit of the Girdlers V ' 4 ' . . . G 50

1 Or carriers of leather prepared with alum. tuals.

3 Or takers of prisage of wines and vie- 3 This reference is erroneous.

KIN IS AND COMM 537

Writ tor making Knights L G foL 61

Return thereof G 51

iquiry as to certain Meroera who had beaten the Lom-

. . G 79

-mission for Enquiry as to Labourers G 81

Writ for sending the Rolls and Records for the same . . G 81

Return thereof G 81

Writ [commanding;] that the Constable of the Tower shall not take

es . . . G 90

Writ as to a beast of Egypt called lf Oure ' . . . . G 140

Writ for the Mayor and Sheriffs, directed unto the Archbishop of

Cant( iltury, for Revocation of the Citations made upon the Citizens G 168 Writ [commanding] that the Constable of the Tower shall not take

Prises G 222

Writ for removal of the Bridge called *' Bocheresbrigge,' near the Friars

Preachers . . G 227

Another Writ for removal thereof G 233

A third Writ, [enjoining] that no entrails or other filth shall be

thrown into the water of Thames, and that the said Bridge shall be

re-moved (i

it for bringing up a certain person, appealed of homicide, before the

King . . . . G 264

Return thereof . G 264

Writ enjoining obedience unto Richard Lyons and John Hidyngham, as

to six pence in the pound granted unto the King . . . G 298 Writ directed unto the Chancellor, and th< Treasurer and Barons of the

Exchequer, to examine the Charters of the City, as to v the

Seneschal and Marshal may bring /ens before them, or not E 84

Writ as to certain Articles made by the City and confirmed by the

King . . . . E 88

it for Parliament, and Writ for the Staple of Wool . . E 89

Writ for Parliaiii E 106

Also, Writ for Parliament . . . E 123 J

1 Perhape this heart may have been an lately read of M being introduced into this Unu of the Eart of Europe. Or, poeably, country from Morocco, it may have been the /Anry, which we have » Butcher*' Bridge.

538 KINO'S WRITS AND COMMISSIONS. t-B. iv.

Writ [enjoining] that Inquests remaining from day to duy bcfoiv tho

Justiciars Itinerant shall have their reasonable expenses . L E foL 125

Writ for Parliament, and Commission of the Citizens thereon . E 138

Writ as to receiving the Coroner ...... E 13G

Writ as to the Council at Ripone, and Commission of the Citi/tns

thereon E 141

Writ for Parliament at Westminster E 148

Writ [commanding] that 1 thistles shall not be taken out of the realm E 168 Writ for Parliament, and Commission thereon . . . . E 163 2 Writ directed unto the Mayor, that he may take Recognizances, not- withstanding the Ordinances by the Nobles made thereon . . E 170 Writ [commanding] that corn shall not be sold too dear by reason of

the arrival of the King and Peers E 157

Writ for taking certain persons, and bringing them up before the King to make answer as to Treasons ; and Return thereof in the negative, by reason of the Franchise [of the City] ^ . . . . . E 200

Writ for Parliament at York E 231

Of not sending a Prisoner in Newgate before his lordship the King, as being against the Franchise . . . . . . . E 235

Writ for Parliament .... . . . . E 236

Writ [commanding] that things shall not be taken out of the realm for

sale E 250

Writ for holding a Council at Northampton . . . F 17

Writ for Parliament . . '. F 20

Writs for Parliament F 26, -9

Writs for Parliament, and Commission of the Citizens thereon E 245 Discharge of the Citizens for Queen's Gold exacted . E 246

Writs for Restitution of the Liberties of the City, with the Mayoralty, in the time of Henry Galeys, Mayor .... . C 124

Writ for Parliament, and Return thereof . . . F 31

Writ for Parliament F 38

Writ for sending four Citizens before the King . . F 40

Writ for Parliament . . , , F 64

Writ as to the Queen's Gold . . . F 60

1 See page 630 ante, Note & a Repeated in next page.

u IB

Also, as elsewhere for the same rot 62

A No, Writ lor tlu« same F 66

Writ i« r 1'urliament F 0(3

Writ as to the Queen's Gold .... . 1

Plea thereon F 68

Writ [commanding] that the Mayor and Commonalty shall appear before tht JuMiriars of the Bench, to make answer unto the Executors of the

Testament of Robert Bardelby F 63

Distress [upon] the Mayor and Commonalty as to the same . F 70 Writ for punishing Escheators, Sheriffs, Taxors, Collectors, and all other Officers of the King . . . F 46

Commission of the Justiciars, and Precept thereon . . . F 47

Writ for Parliament at Northampton E '84

Writ for Parliament at Sarum E 188

Writ to certify as to the - Wam-ry of a certain Woman . . E 196 Writ for Parliament at Winchester, and Commission of the Citizens

thereon E 199

Writ for the Iter at Northampton, and Return thereof . . E 199 Writ for an Acquittance in a Foreign County alleged, and Return

oof K 199

Writ directed unto the Sheriffs for payment of two thousand pounds,

which the King assigned unto a certain person . . . . E 65

Commission for Delivery of the Gaol of Newgate . . . E 209

Writ against Roger Mortimer E 170

Writ [granting] that the Mayor may take Recognizances, notwith- standing the Ordinance by the Nobles made . . . .1 Fieri faciat upon the Mayor and Commonalty for five thousand pounds,

at an r Archbishop and others F

i IK- Custody of Neugate, as elsewhere . F 74

t [commanding] that corn shall not be carried out of the realm,

except unto certain places . P 76

Writ that those outlawed for wools which have not paid custom shall

bo restored to favour F 7 7

Writ [enjoining] that no one shall refuse to receive gold . . F

'SwE.ful.l85i » Given alrauly in the preceding

ftfemal*.

540

Writ as to sending before the Council Four Men who are skilled in naval

affairs L F foi. 77

"Writ [commanding] that no one shall cross the sea without the King's

leave . . . F 77

Writ as to allowing unto the Citizens two thousand marks in the

Exchequer . . •*• . £*! F 79

Writ for Parliament . C * '. I . . . . F 81 Writ [commanding] that no one shall cross over to foreign parts F 81 Writ for making Knights ^*% . «* •>.«»•. . F 83 *Writ for Distraint upon the Mayor and Commonalty, at suit of the

Executors of Robert Bardelby . . • ^ . . . . F 85

[ Writ as to the Clerk of the Statute F 92

Writ as to the Queen's Gold . F 101

Writ as to Postponement of the King's Passage . . . F 116 Writ of Enquiry as to those who assisted at the judgment given by

Andrew Aubrey, while Mayor, for the decapitation of two men . F 116

Writ for Parliament . '. *. F 120

Writ [commanding] that corn shall be taken out of the realm only to

certain places . .'%.-. -. •» . , . . F 130 Writ [commanding] that wool shall not be taken out of the realm F 137 Writ as to the Queen's Gold . . . •. . . . F 138 Writ [commanding] that corn shall not be taken out of the realm F 144 Writ for Parliament . . . .- . . y . . . F 145 Writ for Parliament ... . *. . . . . F 150 Writ of Prohibition of Jousts and Tournaments . . . F 154 Writ for the Aulnage of linen canvas . -. . . . F 154 Writ, as before, for the Aulnage of linen canvas . . . F 155 Writ of Enquiry as to damage, if the Mayor and Commonalty should appropriate the Lane called ' Desebournelane' . F 157 Writ as to Aulnage . . -.-.*•. . . . F 164 Writ as to sending Four Citizens unto the King's Council . G 238 Commission for Delivery of Newgate •* . . . . G 239 Writ [commanding] that corn, gold, silver, bows, arrows, or armour,

shall not be carried unto foreign parts G 239

Writ as to making Scrutiny whether any Bulls, Instruments, or other

things, to the King's prejudice, have been introduced into the City G 260

B.1TJ KING'S WHITS AM) COMV 541

Writ as to in1 Inprise for William Essexe and others, for tl

; gainst certain Jurors . . . . . . i. G ft>L 261

Return of the said Mainprise ....... G 261

Writ for Parliament .... . G 262

Writ for bringing before the King, at Guldeforde, the Mayor, Alder- men, and Four Men of each Mystery G 269

Obligation indented thereon G 269

Writ against Purveyors G 276

Writ for Arrest of the Flemings G 278

Writ [granting] that every one may carry Corn unto foreign

parts . . G 289

Writ [commanding] that Wines shall not be carried unto foreign

parts G 289

Writ as to receiving the Coroner, and Letter of Attorney there- upon G 291

Writ for Parliament . G 293

Writ for Prorogation of the same Parliament G 293

'Writ for Distraint upon the Mayor and Sheriffs, to satisfy the King as

to £638 G 295

Writ for Delivery of the Gaol of Neugate . . . . G 300

Commission for the same G 258

Writ [stating] that the Mayor of London has had leave to go upon business of his own, and for appointing substitutes under him so long as he

shall be out of the City B 99

/ens elected to go to meet his lordship the King in the parts of Scot- land .... ...... B 104

Transcripts of Rolls of the Crown B 3

Writ of Indemnity as to the Sitting of Justiciars at the Church of Saint Martin le Grand, upon Inquisition made as to Wools carried without the realm, without custom paid thereon ... F 62

Writ [of Enquiry] whether the age of Orphans at the time of letting their tenements of late years, in Wardship until they are of full age, is so recorded as of Record, that a verification to the contrary of such alleged age, in an action of Pleas touching the tenements so let within the same city,

1 Or Bond. * Repealed io page 543.

542 KING'S WRITS AND COMMISSIONS. [B.iv.

may afterwards be admitted, or not ; and Return thereon, that it may not. .... Roll of Memoranda of the six-and- fortieth year of Edward the Third. Writ [commanding] that Fines upon Labourers shall go towards pay- ment of the fifteenths, and Statute thereon . . i. F foi. 201, ]210 Writ for Protection of the men of Holland . F 202 Writ [enjoining] that no one shall cross the sea . . F 167 Writ as to the Collectors of wool . .- . . . . F 176 Writ for Parliament F 215

FoL 297 A.

Writ [commanding] that wool and skins shall be carried unto

certain places , . • f . . F 97

Writ [commanding] that corn shall not be taken without the Port of

the City . . . . . . . . . F 2113

Writ [commanding] that no one shall carry wines without the

City . .03

Writ [granting] that the Merchants of Genoa may sell their wines G 3 Writ [granting] that John de Cologne and his Wife may have the

8Gauget of wines . . . . . • . . . G 3

Writ for Return of a Judgment in the Hustings by way of certifying,

in a Plea of Dower ; and Return thereof . . . ' • • • G 7

Writ as to the Serjeants-at-mace of the City . . . G 18

Writ to certify if John Malewyn is obligated or bound unto Nicholas

Mokkyng, and Return thereof . . * . . . G 42

Commission for Delivery of Neugate ..... G 146

Writ [enjoining] that no one shall cross the sea without leave G 146 Writ for Parliament . . . . . . . . G 147

Inquisition as to an Affray committed upon Giles Pykeman . G 151 Writ for assuring the peace of the same Giles . . '• . . G 155 Writ [commanding] that no person shall enjoy any Sport but that of

Archery . . . . " . . . G 158

Writ [commanding] that neither gold nor silver shall be taken out of

the realm .... Y . . - . . . . G 160

Writ for Parliament . . . . . . G 175

Writ for making Knights, and Return thereof . . G 175

1 See F, foL 211. § Custom levied for gauging

8 SeeF, foL213.

B.IT.) KING'S WRITS AND COMMISSIONS.

9 Writ [commanding] that corn shall not be taken out of the

realm L G a* 179

Writ of Indemnity for the Sitting of the Justiciars at the Guild- hall ... G 185

Writ [commanding] that no one shall take anything out of the

realm . G 186

Writ for Parliament . G 202

Writ [issued] unto the Mayor, enjoining that he shall receive the Oath of the Customers of wool ; and Return thereof . . . . G 1212

Writ for Delivery of Newgate G 217

Writ to certify in Chancery as to the Indictment of Nicholas Sarduche,

and Return thereof G 219

Writ for correcting Error, and Return thereof . . G 220

Writ for Parliament . G 224

Also, Writ for Parliament . . . . . . G 1U

Commission for Delivery of Neugate . . . • . G 112 Writ for Distraint upon the Mayor and Sheriff*, for a certain Present- ment against them presented in Suthewerk ; and the Presentment afore- said . G 294

'Writ for Distraint upon the Mayor and Sheriffs, to satisfy the King

as to £638 G 295

Commission for Delivery of the Gaol of Newgate . . . G 296

Writ enjoining obedience unto the Collectors of a payment of two

shillings upon every tun of wine . . . • • . • G 300

t [commanding] that Eustace of Glastonbui \ . Mmieyer, shall not bo

Mseesed to TaUago; and Return tin not ... . G 303

t forParliaiii G 308

Commission for Delivery of the Gaol of Neugate . . G 310

t [of the King] enjoining obedience as to tin- IVt; \ Customs, unto

him to be paid G 313

\\ rit as to admitting an y G 314

Writ r,,r the Men of Portugal ... G 320

Writ [commanding] that wheat shall not be carried unto foreign

. . . . . . . G 323

1 See O. foL 215. km aliv.i,|y in i*& W n«/i".

544 KING'S WRITS AND COMMISSIONS. [B.IT.

Writ for Delivery of the Gaol of Newgate . i. G foi. 324

"Writ [commanding] that all names of Purveyors of his lordship

the King shall be delivered unto the Mayor and Sheriffs . . G 74

"Writ of Enquiry as to who has robbed the Brethren of the ^oly

Cross • . G 275

Writ as to carrying Victuals unto Calais . . . . G 78

Writ [enjoining] that no one shall molest the Flemings . . G 78 Commission for the Delivery of Neugate ' . . . . G 79 Writ for sending Four Citizens before the King's Council . G 80 Writ as to receiving the Coroner . . . . . G 82

Writ for Parliament v . . ^ . . . G 84

Commission for Delivery of Newgate . . . . . G 85 Writ [commanding] that corn or malt shall not be carried out of

the realm . . G 87

Writ [commanding] that tiles shall not be sold at an excessive price, and that Tilers shall not take excessive wages ,v • v •-. . . . G 99

Writ for Parliament . . . ... . . G 101

Writ of Enquiry as to the goods of certain Outlawed persons, and Inqui- sition thereon . . . . . . . .«, . . G 102

Commission for Delivery of Neugate t . . . . G 103

Also, of the same . . . . , . . . . G 1

Writ [commanding] that no one shall take gold or silver in bullion out

of the realm, nor yet old money, but only money that is new . G 2

Writ as to bearing the Cross of the Archbishop of Canterbury G 3

Writ [commanding] that no Lord, Knight, or other person shall presume

to tourney, tilt, make jousts, go in quest of adventures, or do other deeds

of arms, without the King's command . . . . . G 6

Writ [commanding] that the Staple shall be in divers Vills of Eng- land . ' t . •-. . ... . . . G 88

Writ for Return of a Judgment in the Hustings by way of certifying the Justiciars in a Plea of Dower ; and it was told unto the Tenant that he must sue in the King's Court, to have the value of what he had lost G 8

1 The society of the Crossed, or Crutched, ' See G, foL 18. Friars, in Aldgate Ward. 3 See G, foi. 12.

B.IT.J KIN

\Vrit t . elect two Citizens to appear before tin- King's Council L G toi 8 Writ for Deliver}' of the Gaol of Neugate . . . G ir,

Writ [commanding] that Pilgrims shall not pass out of the realm G 1 7 Writ [of Enquiry] whether certain men are in Lot and Scot . G 17 Writ as to the Maces of the Serjeants ..... G IS

Writ for Parliament . ..... G 18

Writ [commanding] that a certain Tablet touching Robert do Thame

and others, suspended in the Guildhall, shall be removed . . G 19

Writ as to the goods of English arrested near 1Hareflut, and Inquisition

<iupon ........... G 29

Writ [commanding] that Pilgrims shall not cross the sea . G 30 Writ for sending into the Chancery the Indictment against Henry

Horn ........... G 33

Writ [commanding] that Corn shall not be taken out of the realm G 33 Writ [commanding] that no one shall cross the sea . . . G 34 Writ as to the Merchants of Genoa ..... G 35

Writ [commanding] that no one shall cross the sea . . G 35

Writ for the men of Flanders ...... G 35

Writ [commanding] that Armour shall not be taken out of

the realm ......... G 37

Writ [commanding] that no one shall cross the sea . . G 37 Writ for Parliament ........ G

Writ for Prorogation of Parliament ..... G 39

Writ for taking Labourers ....... G 44

Writ for making Knights ....... G 48

t as to Custody of the smaller piece of the Seal of Recognizances,

granted unto a certain person . . . . . . . G 50

Writ as to taking custom <>n Woad from the men of the Hanso of

Almaino ..... . G 51

Commission for Delivery of Neugato . . . . . G 53

Writ for delivering unto John Weeenham and others the lands and tene-

ments which belonged unto Walter Chirytono, and Return thereof G 56 t of Enquiry as to the lands, tenements, and rente of the Hospital

of Saint Jamee ....... . G 57

1 Hartlcur.

546 KINO'S MRITS AND COMMISSIONS. [B.IY.

Writ for Parliament L G foi 59

Writ for the Correcting of Error G 59

Writ [commanding] that Corn or Armour shall not be taken out of the

realm ,. G 59

Assessment of the price of Wools in every County of England . G 60 Precept by the Justiciars for the Correcting of Error . . G 60 Writ [granting] that Merchants may carry Wools and Woolfels out of

the realm . . , .. . . 4 fr'i ' • . • G 60 Writ of Enquiry as to Tenements devised, and Inquisition there- upon . . . . G 61

Writ [granting] that every one may sell his Wools, as he may deem

expedient . . » . G 62

Inquest taken as to Falcons seized in a certain vessel in the Port of

London . . .. • . -.;.. .... . . . G 62

Commission for Delivery of Neugate * . . . . G 65

Writ for Parliament . .. * . \ i,: . . . G 66 Writ [granting] that every one may carry his Wools and Woolfels out of

the realm . . ....... •«' . . . . G 68

Writ [enjoining] that no one shall receive Letters to the prejudice of

his lordship the King .1 .. . . G 68

Writ as to the Subsidy upon Cloths sold, granted unto John Malewayn

and Adam de Bury ... . . . . . . G 69

Writ as to sending two men unto the King's Council, and Return

thereof . . . , . .' F 191

Writ for Prohibition of the passage of Pilgrims . . . F 191 Writ [commanding] that Corn shall not be taken out of the realm F 193 Writ for Delivery of Neugate . .. .. -,.- . . . F 193 Writ [commanding] that no one shall cross the sea . • F 193

Writ for the men of Holland

Writ for John Mautravers .<*.;. . . p

Writ for the Hanse Merchants ..... Writ for arrest of the Goods of the Hanse Merchants

Writ for the Hanse Merchants • t ,«. F 203

Writ for the Chastisement of Malefactors F 179

Writ [commanding] that no one shall cross the sea . . . F 184

Fol Writ for Parliament F 194

B.IT.J KINO'S WRITS AND ( 547

Writ [commanding] that Engrossers or Regrators shall not cause dear-

ness of victuals ......... L F fat *194

Writ [enjoining] that if any person shall wish to make complaint of

an offence committed on the sea, he must be in Flanders on a certain

day . . .... F 198

Writ [commanding] that Corn shall not be taken out of the Port of the

City ............ F 208

Writ for the Burgesses of Oxford ...... F 209

Writ for the Hanse Merchants, — that they shall be under the King's

protection ........... F 207

Writ for Parliament ........ F 207

Writ [enjoining] that Victuals shall be taken unto the City . F 207 Writ [enjoining] that those who have been banished from Flanders shall

not sojourn within the City ....... F 207

Writ [commanding] that Corn shall not be taken out of the City F 207 Writ for the Burgesses of Oxford, certifying as to the liberties . F 206 Writ [commanding] that Wools shall not be taken out of the

realm ........... 1

Writ as to the Bridge at the Temple ..... G 316

Writ [commanding] that the rjti/« MS shall not bring up the Prior of

Saint John of Jerusalem before them, as to the said bridge . . G 318 Writ [commanding] that every Parish shall be answerable for Rob-

beries in it committed, or for the persons of the Thieves . 1 1 orn, 20 t [commanding] that Widows shall not be assessed to Tal-

la-. ........... Horn, 202

Assize of Richer de Re f hum as to Houses of divers Storeys Horn, 259 Writ tlu-ivon ......... Horn, 260

he Ward n gland, that he shall determine as to cer-

tain exactions of custom between the Citizens of London and the Merchants

of Bordeaux ......... A 65

Grant of the Small Balance unto a certain person for lit'.- . A 95 it thereupon, and Return thereof . . . . > A N

Writ of Enquiry as to damage, in case Henry Galeys should give c-i-lit

shops unto the church of Saint Paul . . < '

' s,,- K. i,,|. 197.

548 KlN<;'s WHITS AND OOMM1*S]M». [B,iY.

Writ [commanding] lliat a certain Pica, pending before the Warclrn ns

to Trespasses committed in ^erunde, shall be sent before the Council L C foL 6 Writ for Parliament at Saint Edmund's ..... C 23 "Writ for electing four Citizens for making a certain new Town . C 23 Writ for electing a certain man for the sale of Wools . . C 23 Divers Writs as to the Custody of Cloths beyond sea, granted unto

Reginald Thunderle . . . . . ... . . C 61

Writ for Parliament, and Election of Citizens for the same ; and Com-

mission thereupon '. , / '«-t . . . .. t •„. . . C 41 Writ [commanding] that all Victuallers who take in excess for their

•victuals shall appear before the King's Council . . '' .v . , C 43 Writ as to sending to York two Citizens for granting the Customs

unto the King ; and Answer made thereon, as well by the Citizens of

London as by those of other Towns . . . . •>• ..'j . . C 75 Writ of Arrest of a certain person, to make him appear at Westminster

upon a certain Plea in the Sheriffs' Court, and Return thereof . C 76 Writ of Arrest of the goods of the Flemings, for the goods of the Genoese

taken at sea . ............. . C 76

Writs of the King, enjoining obedience unto the Collectors of the

Custom of his lordship the King . . . ,. ' . . 2

Also, of the Troner3 . . > . * .• 4 , . C 71 Writ as to certifying a Record in the Hustings, and Return thereof C 80 Writ for electing Collectors of the Custom granted unto the King, and

Return thereof . , ..„ . . '. . . •-„ : . . . . C 81 Writ [enjoining] that Victuals shall be taken unto the Par-

Fol 200 A J

liament at *Cardoyl . . . .... . C 88

Writ for Parliament, and Commission of Citizens for Parliament C 85

Proclamation for Parliament . . • . V< . . C 86

Divers Writs for taking Assizes, and for Arrest of goods . . C 87

6Precept of the Escheator of his lordship the King on this side Trent,

directed unto the Sheriffs of London, as to bringing up an Inquisition

before him; and Return thereof . * - ..+ . . . . C 91

Writ for electing Collectors of the Custom, and Return thereof , C 82

1 The Gironde, in France. ticularly for weighing wooL

2 The reference is omitted ; but see C, 4 Carlisle.

foL 76. • See pp. 382—384 anU.

* Or keeper of the Tron, used more par-

-<;'s w II ITS AN

for Parliament at Northampton, and Commission of Citizens going

thereto L C ft>L 92

Writ directed unto tin- Sheriff nf Middlesex as to Seisin ; and Return

thrn ••>!', to the effect that the freehold, as to which complaint is made,

is within the precincts of the liberties of the City of London . C 94

Writ for Parliament, and Commission of Citizens going thereto C 96

Writ for discharge of a 1Mainperuor for a certain Wardship, and

Process against the Principal D 80

W rit of Appeal against a Freeman of the City, and Heturn thereof D 97

Writ 1m Arrest of certain Malefactors, for offences committed on tho

coast of Friesland upon Merchants of England D 100, -1

Writ of the King's Escheator on this side Trent, for taking Inquisition

at the church of Saint Bride; and Return thereof . . . D 105

Writ for proving a Testament D 107

Writ for delivery unto certain persons of tho Wardship of the ments, goods, and chattels, of certain Orphans . . D 10^

Writ for delivery of certain goods, bequeathed by Testament, unt. those demanding the same; and Plea between them and the Execu' thereupon . . . . . . . . . . . D 10(J

Writ [eominan ling] that Victuals shall not be carried to Scotland I) 1 1J Writ for a Staple at 'Anviers, in Brabant . . . . D 113

it for Arrest of a certain Firming, and Rot urn thoreof . I ) 1 29 Writ for discharging a certain Woman of Tallage . . . D 127 Writ sent unto the Sheriffs of London as to provisions in the T and An-wer then t<> . . . . . . . . . D 1 I'>

rs Welshmen appealed and taken for burglary in a house, \vlmm

the King's Marsh 1 1 d« -i minded to bo delivered unto him, as being oi

•/s house! i-l. !; and A \\*as made, as well to him as before tho

hoy ought not [to be so delivered] . . 1> 1PJ

t of Enquiry as to Miadoers, between the Merchants of England nnd

Flanders . . ... ..DM?

t of the King for delivery of th. i into a certain person. An^vrr th.Trt.. ...... ...1;.

Writ ..f 1 nid Commission . is f«,r the sun: I

i ail. : Ant'.>

550 KING'S WRITS AND COMMI^M<»\<.

Writ of Enquiry as to Forestallers of Victuals . . i. 11 IOL :*0 Writ as to recording a Record . . . . . . C 76

Return that the same ought to be recorded within the City, and not

without C 76

Bill of the Seneschal and Marshal of the household of his lordship the

King, for bringing up the Sheriffs before them . . . . C 94 Return thereof ^ . . . , . . . C 94

"Writ as to sending a certain Approver at Winchester, who had ap- pealed Citizens of London, unto Newgate . . . . . C 95 Writ for summoning an Inquest before the Escheator at the church of

Saint Bride ; . . .* D 110

1 Writ [commanding] that the Taxors of the County of Oxford should not assess the Citizens of London among them to

Tallage . . . El

Writ [commanding] that the Seneschal and Marshal shall not summon

the Citizens to plead without the City . . . . . . E 32

2Writ of Oyer and Terminer against certain Fishmongers who had

beset Henry de Palyngtone, when harboured by the King's Marshal E 160, -1 Commission of the Justiciars thereon . . . ' . . E 161 Writ of Attaint . . . .'..',- . . E 184

Writ of Attaint . . . . . . . . . E 184

Writ [enjoining] that Men-at-arms and Archers shall [not] withdraw

themselves from their Lords and Masters . . . . . . H 1 7

Writ as to receiving the Coroner . . . . . . H 17

Commission for Delivery of Neugate . . • . . . H 27 Writ for Parliament ... . . . . . II 27

Writ as to arraying a Barge . . . ... . . H 28

Writ for Prorogation of Parliament ... . . H 29

Writ [commanding] that no Men-at-arms, Armed Soldiers, or Archers,

shall go out of the realm H 29

Writ for certifying why two Brokers, Lombards, were <l(t;iin<xl in

prison .^ . . . . . . . . . II 30

Return thereto, because they had been convicted of Extortion and

Usury II 30

Writ [commanding] that Armour shall not be sold unto foreign parts 1 1 l»age 368 ante. * See i*ag<- 411

\\urrs AND COMMIT

Writ for arresting the goods of Richard Lyons, and Writ [com-

manding] answer to be made unto his lordship the King as to the same

goods .......... L H ft>L 39

Writ [commanding] that the Staple shall be at Calais . . H 40 Writ [commanding] that woolfels and hides shall be taken to no other

place than Calais ......... II 41

Writ for Arrest of certain goods of the Merchants of France . H 41 Writ for Arrest of William Wyndesore ..... II 47

Writ of Supersedeas thereon . . . . . . 1 1 47

Writ as to Sale of Corn, that the same may not be sold at an excessive

price ... .... . . II 50

Writ as to receiving the Coroner ......

Commission for Delivery of Neugate .....

Writ [enjoining] attendance upon the Admiral . . . ^ H 51 Writ for delivery of the possessions of the Deanery unto tin

Dean of Saint Martin's ........

Writ [commanding] that no Stranger shall sell unto another Stranger

for re-sale ........... H 53

Writ [commanding] that Strangers shall not sell by retail, nor keep

hostel, nor be Brokers . . ... H 53

W rit for the Florentines, taken under the protection of the King H 56

Writ [to signify] that the Florentines so taken, and their goods, belong

King . . . . . . . . . . H 55

Writ as to the Genoese, Siennes- ians, Luccheso, and Milanese,

taken under the protection of the King ..... H 55

t for the Correcting of Error, and Precept thereon annulled in the •ings . . ...... H 56

Bill of the Constable and Marshal of England exhibited unto his

lordship the King and his Council, against the Mayor and others H 57 W i its of Prorogation of Appearance before the said Council, upon the

sum- iii:itt.-r .......... II 57

Writ for discharging the Mayor of his office, and Kle< ofanoth.. . H 59

Commission for Delivery of Newgate ..... I i Writ for Election of Citizens to appear befoi uil H 73

^ ril li.r Parliament II 74

552 KINo's WHITS AND COMMISSIONS. [B.ir.

Writ against 1Alice Perers, in case any person shall think proper to

bring suit against her . . . . . . L II fou 77

Writs as to the office of Coroner . . . . . . H 77

Writ and Precept of the Justiciars as to the Correction of Errors, and

Return thereof . .. , ..--..; t '. . *, • • • . H 80 Writ for Parliament ^ . . , . . . . . H 91 Writ for Delivery of Neugate . . .. * . . . . H 96 Writ for the Coronation of King Richard . . * . . H 68 Proclamation for the said Coronation . , . .., . H 68 Writ for Parliament :. , , ;, ^ ,. ,, . . H 105 Commission for Delivery of Neugate . . . . . H 105 Writ [commanding] that every Goldsmith shall have his own mark

upon the vessels that he has made . .. . . . . H 114

Writ of his lordship the King as to the Coroner . . . H 283 Writ for admitting William Sudbury as Associate for receiving one half

of the tenths and fifteenths .. . .. ... . . H 289

Writ of Allowance of his lordship the King for the Election of two

Aldermen . . H 291

Ordinance as to not removing the Aldermen each year . . H 291 Bills sent unto every Ward for the Election of Aldermen . II 290 Writ for Admission of John Michel to the office of Under-Coroner H 302 Writ for the Coronation of Queen Isabella . . . . H 312 Writ for bringing up the tenor of a certain Appeal before his lordship

the King . . .., : . .' . . . . H 171

Writ of Ratification of Judgment as to the death of John Costantyn

. . . . . . ... ? , : . . H 174

Writ of Error, and Return thereof ..... • . H 208

Writ for presentment in Chancery of the Guilds and Fraternities of

London ,. t . . . . . . . . . II 235

Writs for removing the Common Bench and Exchequer unto York . . . . . . .. . ' . . . . II 269

Writs and Letters of his lordship the King sent as to the Judgment

upon William Serle . ......... . . . I 30

Writ as to Rescue of the Castle of *Coytif . . . . I 37

1 The mistress of Edward III. in the ye*rs 2 Qy. Cardiff? of his dotage.

B IT.] CONSERVANCY OP THE PEACB, ETC. 553

Papal Bull for the Bishop of London . . . L I M. 41

Writ for the Assessment of Aliens I 50

Writ of Enquiry as to Sheriffs, Eschoators, Aulnagers, Customers,

Controllers, and other Officers of Account, the same not satisfied . I 51

Writ [commanding] that no person shall receive John Oldccastelle, or

shall comfort him

Writ of Enquiry as to certain Traitors, Insurgents, and Rebels .

Writ for Proclamation of the General Pardon granted

Writ commanding that the doors and windows of Richard Anable be opened, which by precept of the Mayor had been closed .

Return of the Writ aforesaid

129

132

145

shall

160

Writs of Oyer and Terminer, and Return thereof ... I 181

Of the Conservancy of the Peace; of Proclamation* of Truce, and Hot soi A. of Arrest of Malefactors, Rebels, and Insurgent*.

That the peace shall be well kept A 1 .' '

Inquest as to Vagabonds, Misdoers, and Players at dice . . 11 l-'JO

That in every Ward discreet men shall bo chosen for entering the names

of Masters, Servants, and Apprentices, that it may bo known what mia-

doers, or persons suspected of evil, aro harboured therein; and they are

thru to present them unto the Mayor B 32

That no person shall be wandering about after Curfew rung at Saint

Martin's B 33

t for Imprisonment of Malefactors C 4

That no one shall go about with any arms after Curfew rung at Saint

Martin's, except he be some Lord or man of good repute, or the servant* of

those who will answer for them, and then with a light . . . C 15

That no one shall keep a School for Fencing . . . C 15

That Malefactors and Common Brawlers shall not bo released by the

Sheriff*, or others, without consent of the Mayor . . . . C 15

That every Alderman shall make enquiry in his Wardmote as to such

Mind.*-!* . . C 15

That uo Officer shall be impeached for liiipriaouiueiit or other tiling done

554 OONSKKVANCY OF THE PEACE, ETC. [B. iv

unto such Misdoers, unless it shall be found that such Officer did the same clearly from malice . . . . . . . . i. C foi 1 6

That the peace shall be kept C 38

"Writ as to chastising Malefactors C 68

Writ as to the same '•.-.. * . . . . D 98

Also, Writ as to the same . ..*...,,. j . . D 113 Writ as to Transgressors . . . v . . . D 116

Writ as to chastising Malefactors .. ^ . . . D 115 Writ for the chastisement of Rebels . . * * . D 126 Writ as to chastising Malefactors > •.-•.* *. . . D 130 Writ as to keeping the peace . ... . . . D 145

Writ for Enquiry as to Misdoers between the Merchants of England and of France . . . . . . . . D 144

Writ [enjoining] that [no] Conventicles or Congregations shall be held

in the realm without special precept therefor . . . D 154

That no one shall keep a School for Fencing with the Buckler within the

City . ..... l D 158

That no one shall be found wandering about after Curfew rung at Saint Martin's . . . . . . '.." . . . . D 158

That every Alderman shall make enquiry in his Wardmote as to Mis- doers ...•»"...... . D 158

That no one shall be armed or shall cany arms, except Officers who have to keep the peace .....

Whosoever shall draw any arm, shall be arrested without bail That no Officer shall seek vengeance upon another That no person shall be wandering about after Curfew rung at Saint Martin's . . . • ...

Writ of the King for preserving the peace, according to the Statute of Winchester . . . . » . * . . . E 16

Writ [commanding] that no one shall carry a sword, club, crossbow, [or] stonebow , . * . . « . •* . . . . . . E 55

Writ as to not carrying arms within the City . . . K 95

Writ [commanding] that Bakers, Taverners, Millers, or other Tradesmen,

shall not carry arms to make affray . . . . . K !'!»

Proclamation on the Statute of Winchester, as to keeping the peace E 113 Writ for Enquiry as to Felony K 114

Jill. IM \

carrying

F 13

That the peace shall be kept

• one shall go armed, or shall carry arms . one shall go wandering about ,:•!'« wrung

That no one shall make Co vin or Congregation .

That no one shall go out of the City to be a muiiitainer of quarrels ..........

That no one shall slander a Jx>rd, or other person

t if any one shall not be willing to be amenable to justice for preservation of the peace, all persons shall be ready to .

Writ for the chastisement of Malefactors and of persons arms ...........

"Writ [commanding] thut the Mayor and Sheriffs shall not be molested i<> i the chastisement of Malefactors ...... F 1;>>

Writ for search of Malefactors in every Wanl . . . . F 51

That no one shall go wandering about after Curfew rung at Saint Martini . ........ F 61

That no one shall go armed, or shall earn- arms . . . F 70

That every one shall have power to arrest Misdoers . . F 70

That no one shall go wandering about after Curfew rung at Saint Martin's le Grand ......... 1

That no one shall come into the City to entrap men into holding

':..'- . . . . . . . . . . . F 161

If any person shall be unwilling to be amenable to justice for preservation

he peace, all persons shall be ready to give aid to arrest him . F 161

That every one shall have power to arrest Felons and Malefactors F 161

Item, that no one shall carry arms ...... F 208

That no one shall go wandering about after Curfew rung at Saint Martin's le Grand . ...... G 2

That no Alien shall carry arms . .

That every one shall be assistant unto the Officers in arresting

t • ' "

That shall be assistant unto any person of evil covin .

That no one shall make Asm-mi. 1\ or Covin within the City .

» one shall go wandering about after Curfew rung at

Saint Martin1-

556 CONSERVANCY OF Till. I 1C. IB.iv.

That no one shall go wandering about after Curfew rung at Saint Martin's i. G rot 29

That no one shall go armed, or shall carry arms . . . G L}9

That every one, in absence of the Officers, shall have power to arrest Misdoers and Felons G 29

That no one shall make alliance with Foreigners who are accused of Felony ' .. .. . v >J* . . G 29

Proclamation that no one shall go wandering about after Curfew rung at Saint Martin's . ..'..-. . . . G 71

That no Zealander, Fleming, or Ilainaulter, shall carry any arm G 71

Proclamation of Peace between the Kings of England and France G 86

Also, the same >C 72

Item, that no Fleming, Brabanter, or Zealander, shall go anned, or shall carry any arms . . . ... . . . . G 108

That no ono shall go wandering about after Curfew rung at Bowe . • • • • • .'..

Item, that no one shall be armed, or shall carry arms .

Item, that every good man shall have power to arrest Felons and Misdoers, in absence of the Officers .....

Item, that whosoever shall draw knife, sword, or other arm,

even though he shall not strike, shall pay half a mark, and be ^

imprisoned fifteen days ; and if he strike, he shall pay

twenty shillings, and be imprisoned forty days ; and

if he strike with the fist, without drawing blood, he shall pay

three shillings, and be imprisoned eight days ; and if he draw

blood, he shall pay forty pence, and be imprisoned twelve days

Item, that no one shall be a Maintainer of quarrels

That the Constables of every Ward shall have power to arrest all those who make strife or affray. .,«..., . . . .G 164

That no one shall go wandering about after Curfew rung at Bowe G 176

That no one shall make Congregations or Assemblies, and that no Gamesters shall be there G 176

That every man of good repute shall have power, in al • •!' the

Officers, to arrest Malefactors . . . . . . .0176

1 See G, foL 74.

B.IV.]

TIM' PEACE, ETC.

Ordinance that \, with his hand shall pay half a mark;

.iiilf. half a mark; and who>< \vsblood, twenty

L II '. : 1 1

That no one shall go wand; -ring about after ('urfrw rung . G l'">

That no one shall make Congregations or Assemblies . . II 1 1 That ( \. ry man of good repute may arrest Malefactors, in absence of

th* Officers 11 11

same Ordin G 259

Lunation that n«. !1 ^.> armed or shall carry arms . G 289

Proclamation of IVuce between the King of En-land and the Count of

Flandrix G 290

< T of his lordship the King for Enquiry as to Malefactors . B 39

it the peace shall be kept Custum. 201

That no one shall go wandering about after Curfew rung . Custum. 204 That every Alderman shall make enquiry, at his Wardmote, as to

Misdoers Custum. 204

That no one attached for a great offence shall be delivered wit hunt tin

. Custum.

ry one shall be ready to arrest Misdoers and Offenders; and if Felons fly unto the Church, the

llbours shall watch thrill

That those who are attainted of Trespass, Bat' [or] Bloodshed, where Mayhem lirth not, shall bo punish. (1 1»\ Ransom and Imprisonment

l-Vlon escapes from a Chun h, the Ward shall pay

one hundred .-hillings for such escape, and this as to Custum. 217 Churches within thr City ......

That no one shall be wandering about after Curfew rung . ........

'• shall keep a School tor Fencing, or

hin the City

at every Alderman shall make in his

Wardmote, as to Misdocrs ... .

Precept of the Mayor unto each Alderman for inquiry as to Male-

•re . G 179

Memorandum, how that the Commonalty elected Aldermen in every

558 CONSERVANCY OF THE PEACE, ETC. [B. iv.

"Ward ; and that whatever they, together with the Warden, should do for the regulation of the City and the keeping of the peace, they would hold

as ratified L C foi. 6

Whosoever shall draw a knife shall pay half a mark, or be imprisoned

fifteen days ; and if he draw blood, he shall pay twenty shillings, or be

imprisoned forty days ; and if he strike with the palm, and does not draw

blood, two shillings, or imprisonment of eight days; and if he draw

blood with the fist, forty pence, or imprisonment for twelve

days '. ..:'"". . ... . . . F 105

Plea as to a certain Affray . * . . . . . F 138

That no one shall keep a School for Fencing . .• . . Custum. 204

That no one shall carry a sword, or pointed knife, or 1misericorde, or

club, or staff, or other arm . . ... . ^ . . . . C 93

Item, that Strangers shall be [duly] honoured . . . C 91

That no one shall strike another, under pain of losing the hand ; and if

any one shall draw any arm, to strike therewith, he shall be pierced

through the hand . . . ^ . r. ; . . . C 93

Writ for Arrest of Misdoers . C 4

Ordinance for Enquiry as to men held in suspicion, and how they shall

be found . . . . >.*•.<< •& . .'• . . . C 52

Proclamation of Peace made between the Kings of England and of

France . .' .- ". ,• Y C 75

Proclamation of Peace, when the King began his reign . . C 92

That no one shall go armed, or shall carry arms, or shall go wandering

about after Curfew rung .... . . . . H 33

Writ for Proclamation of a Truce between England and France .

3 H 37, 42

Writ as to a Truce between England and France . Gr 3, 18

Writ and Proclamation of Truce ..... . . G GO, 65

Writ as to a Truce ; *: . . -:.r . . F 185, 205

Also, of the same ..... .... F 204

Bills sent unto the Aldermen as to setting the Watches . . H 54 That no one shall go with a visor or false face . . . H 54

Writ for proclaiming a Truce ,.<-.>• . . . II 19, 37

1 See ]tAge 408 »f/»'r N ••!••.

PEACE, ETC.

Procluinutimi as to keeping the Peace and setting the Watches uiuli-r

pain [of breach] of Allegiance L H ML 57

Bills sent unto divers Masters, to make their Servants and Apprentices swear that they will keep the peace ; and that they will make no Con- gregations, nor come unto the Guildhall unless summoned thereto H 58 Letter of his lordship the King as to proclaiming the peace . H 68 1 'i oclamation that no Stranger shall carry arms . . . H 77 Proclamation that no one shall go wandering about after Curfew

rung H 86

And that no one shall make Congregation or Covin . . . H 86 And that no Taverner or Brewer shall keep his door open after the

appointed hour H 86

Truce between Scotland and England H 89

Also, of the same H 127

Writ for proclaiming Concord between the King of England and the

Count of Flanders H 92

That no one shall go wandering about after Curfew rung ; nor Taverner or Brewer keep his door open after that hour. That no one shall make

Congregation or Covin H 98

That every man of standing shall have power to arrest Misdoers H 98

11, that no one shall go with a visor by night, or without a

light . .... ... H 98

Writ as to Misdoers, — that no one shall carry arms, swords, namely,

etc., against the peace 11 289

Truce for four years between King Richard and the King of

ice H 294

Insurrection of the men of Kent and Essex . . . .11 133 That no one shall have a sword carried after him . 1 1 402 Ordinance aa to divers Traitors . . . II 198

Commission as to Insurgents of Essex, Kent, Surrey, and Sussex 1 1 Of the Custody and Peace of the city aa against the Insurgents, and

Custody of the Gate* II 134

Writ for the Conservancy of the peace . . . . . H 137

Proclamation t lint no one shall carry arms . . . II 137

nee as to keeping the peace . . . . . .11 140

hi 11. >••!. i

660 ORDINANCES FOR PROTECTION OF THE CITY. [B. IT.

Proclamation as to not making Congregations, Conventicles, and Con- spiracies i. II foi. 172

Arrest and Imprisonment of John Northe, for Riot by him committed against the peace ......... II 173

Truce between England and France . . . . .11 240

Also, Proclamation of Truce . .- . . . . . H 282

Judgment upon certain Tawyers for making Covins and Congre- gations . . . . . •. v ^ . . . H 219

That no one shall go armed within the City •• • ' * •• . I 177 Proclamation that no one shall go armed, or girt with a sword . I 78 Writ as to the Statute of not making Entry by Force . . I 161

Also, of the same .. .. . .1 161

"Writ for Proclamation of the Truce •* • . . . . I 131 Bill as to the Peace * .. .. •; . .1153

Foi. 3 3 D. Ordinances as to the Watch and Ward of the City, its G fifes and Walls, in time of Wary as well by Land as by the Water of Thames; as also, of Armaments.

Commission made unto the Citizens of London for taking a certain sum upon divers merchandize for repair of the City Walls, the same to last for three years •. •. . •. •. •. . . .A 132

That every Gate shall be kept by day by two men well armed, and shall be shut at night by the Serjeant inhabiting the same ; and that every Serjeant shall keep one 1Wait, at his own cost . . . . A 135

That the Gates of the City shall be kept by the divers Wards, appointed thereunto . . . . . ..... . B 32

That each Bedel shall summon certain armed men in his Ward, to keep the Gates ; and that he who shall make default therein, shall pay twelve pence unto him substituted in his place . . . . . B 33

That the Mayor and Aldermen shall cause to be put in writing all the names of the Mysteries of the City which are of ability to be armed, and which not ; and that their arms shall be viewed . . . . B 34

That the Gates shall be well kept B 34

1 See page 244 ante, Note &

B.IT.) ORPIN \N< I> FOR 1'KOIKCTION OF THE CITY.

That 1 Kirs and Chains shall be made in all the Streets, and more especially

towards the water, at the ! Friars Preachers . . . i. B foi. 34

That defects in the Walls shall.be repaired . . . H 34

That the Gates shall be kept [by the Wards] nearest thereto, and the

water of Thames by the nearest Wards B 34

< >r<linonce as to the Watches of the Aldermen . . . C 20

How that there was granted two pence upon every twenty shillings, for

the wages and costs of three Ships going in the King's service, to aid in

the War C 20

That certain things lately done for his lordship the King, in aid during

the War, shall uot be drawn into a precedent and example . . C 31

Writ for Arrest of certain men, according to the Statute of Winchester,

and for Arrest of Malefactors C 89

irn of the Write aforesaid C 89

That every Alderman shall have three horses for the purpose of keeping the peace ; and that watch shall be set every night by the Aldermen and

men of the Wards on horseback C 90

That no one shall go at Christmas with a * false face . . £ 1

ll"\v that the Citizens were summoned before the King, and questioned

how they would have the City guarded in the King's behalf; and their

Answer thereto, and Ordinance for such Custody . . . K 1 H>

How also that the Citizens were summoned to appear before the King,

to certify unto him as to the manner of guarding the City ; and Ordinance

thereupon received by his lordship the King . . F 14

Commission as to taking Murage F 16

Ordinance as to Custody of the City F 43

Divers Write touching the War F i;

Writ of Array for the City and Suburbs . . F 214

Writ of Array for the Citizens, according to the Statute of Win- che> ... . . (•

That good Watches shall be kept in each Ward . G 11 i

That Ward shall be kept erery night . Custum. 218

Writ aa to taking Murage and Pavage . . . .11 1 13

Murage of the City, as to divers things, granted unto divers men C 94

' Or BUok Friw ' Vbnr, or mask.

O O

562 ROYAL WRITS AND PROCLAMATIONS. [B.iv.

Ordinance by what Wards, and how, the City ought to be guarded ; and how many men each Ward shall find for the

Custody of the Gates L C foL 53

Divers Writs and Letters as to safely keeping and fortifying the City in

the King's behalf . . D 142, -3

Ordinance as to Custody of the City . . . . . D 147 Writ for safe-keeping of the City, under forfeiture of life and

limb . * v. . . . . . • :. . . . . D 141

Writ for taking the City into the King's hands, and Letter of the King

thereon . . . . . . ... . . D 150

Writ that the Earl of Hereford, or others of his covin, shall not enter

the City <. 4- . . . D 155

Murage granted by the King, for a certain time to last . . E 50 Writ for Abolition of Murage • . V. . . . E 88 Letter of the King, that as certain Lords are in arms against his lordship

the King, they shall not be received within the City . . . E 127 Answer of the Community thereto . ; . . . . E 127 Divers Writs for seizure of those so in arms against [the King] E 127 Letter as to having the Obligation of the Citizens, under the

Common Seal, that they will keep the City in the King's behalf Letter of the City in answer thereto . . • Letter of the Mayor directed unto his lordship the King, as

to three hundred Foot-soldiers granted unto the King in aid of

the War 4 * j

Letter of the King as to Acceptance thereof

Letter of the City in answer thereto . .

Precept as to Setting the Watches . *' • :. . . . D 97

Ordinance for Custody of the City . D 98

Writ for choosing Crossbowmen, and for the Arming thereof; and names

of such Crossbowmen .-.•... D 165

Letter of the King that the Citizens should make no covin or alliance

with the Earl of Lancaster . . . . . . . E 129

Letter of the King as to Acceptance of the Foot-soldiers sent to him

from London . . . . . . . . . . M 129

•

1 Or Bond

E 128

D.ITJ BOYAL WRITS AND PROCLAMATIONS. 563

Writ of the King for revoking sentence of Banishment upon ^ Jlu^h le Despenscr, the Younger .....

Writ for Protection of Hugh le Despenscr, the Elder and L E ft* 129 the Younger ........

Writ for Capture of Bartholomew de Badelesmero

Writ of the King for taking the lands of the Earl of Hereford, and other Nobles, into the King's hands K

Writ for delivering unto Hamo Chigewel the custody of the lands afore- said E 132

Writ of the King as to the War in Scotland . . . . E 134

Divers Writs against divers Lords in arms against the King . E 135

Writ for Arrest of certain persons who had been adherents of the Earl of Kent E 200

Writ [enjoining] that no Native or Alien shall bring any Bulls or [other] Instruments into the realm of England . . . . F 76

Letter of the King when at the war in France, as to the Capture of divers Towns F 120

Writ as to the same 1

Writ to let the King have twenty thousand sacks of wool for the Siege of Calais . ... .... F 139

Writ of tho King as to disputes between the Vill of Oxford and the University G 33

Writ of Enquiry as to those who have spoken ill of his lordship the King and of his Council G 38

Proclamation that natives of France shall depart from the realm of England G 76

Writ that no one shall molest tho Flemings . . . . G 76

Writ for the Merchants of Flanders and Loniburdy, that no one shall molest them G 226

Proclamation that the Flemings, enemies of the King of France, shall deport 1 Voin the realm of England E 89

Writ of his lordship the King for prolonging tho Truce between England and France . . . . . (

Agreement between the King of England and the Countess of Flanders .

> TtMtitU of the Book is omitted; hut we C, foL 13&

00 2

564 WRITS FOR ARMED LEVIES, ETC. CB. IT.

Letter Obligatory of the Count of Flanders as to the aforesaid Agr

nient L C foi 139

Letter of Guy, Count of Flanders, as to the same . „ . C 139 Writ of the King as to making arrest of the Flemings . . E 6 Writ as to sending five hundred Men-at-arms unto York at the cost of

the City for forty days, to go to the War in Scotland . . . E 78 Letter as to the said Men-at-arms and Foot-soldiers, that the same shall

not be drawn into a precedent . - * . . . . . E 84 Also, that no one shall molest the Flemings who are under the King's

protection ..... •*.;•. . . . F 161 Writ for Custody of the City, and Ordinance for the Custody thereof and

of the Gates ; and Letters of the King sent unto divers Aldermen there- upon . . ....... . . . D 142

Also, another Ordinance for the Custody thereof and of the Gates ; and

Letters sent to divers Aldermen and Citizens thereupon . . D 142

Ordinance as to Custody of the City H 63

Ordinance as to setting the Watches . . . . G 253

Memorandum that the Community hath granted twenty caparisoned

horses unto the Son of his lordship, the King . . . . C 22 Writ as to sending 7200 men unto the army of the King . . E 250 Writ as to sending Men-at-arms unto the King . . . F 17 Writ as to sending four Ships beyond sea, and Assessment of monies for

the same . ; * i i . . F 22

Writ of Indemnity for the men aforesaid sent unto the King . F 22 Writ for bringing up the Owners of Ships before the Council of the

King F 29

Writ as to sending five hundred men to Portesmouthe, and Sujn /

thereof . . . ... \ . . . . . F 6

Archers sent into Gascoigne . ... . . . . F 7

Commission made unto divers Lords for seizing Ships for the passage

aforesaid . . . . . F 37

Grant by the Citizens of four hundred Men-at-arms, to be sent unto tin

King . . . . r . . F 37

Writ to bring up certain Mariners before the Council of the King F 60 Writ [enjoining] that the Mayor and Sheriffs shall be obedient unto the

Admiral F 60

B. iv.) \V|;ll> K)K AKMI.l) I I VI!

Writ [cnji.ining] that tlu- 'Hobelers shall hasten towards 1*.

raou L F tot 1 1

Writ [enjoining] that the Men-at-arms shall hasten unto the 1 engaged in the Siege of Caleys; and Writ for carriage of vic- tim her .1

Writ as to sending Ships beyond sea . . . . . 1 Writ for seizure of Ships, and Writ for sending 120 large Ships Ix ;

F 1

Writ [enjoining] that the Men-at-arms shall hasten unto the K

engaged in the Siege of Caleys F 1

Writ as to carriage of victuals unto the said Siege . . . F 13^ Letter for Array of one Ship, and sending the same thither . F Writ [enjoining] that the Men-at-arms and others shall hasten unto the

King, engaged in the Siege of Caleys 1 •' J \\

Writ as to M< n-at -arms and others F 157

Writ as to granting Men-at-arms, and Return thereof . . F 17'j Writ as to sending one hundred Men-at-arms unto the

King F'170

Writ [enjoining] that all men, between the ages of sixty years and sixteen, shall be provided with arms . . . . . . F 8106

Writ as to a Vessel of the Thames taken into the King's hands, because a dispute existed between the Admirals as to unto which of them the same

sh..uld belong F 109

Writ as to Array of Men-at-arms and Archers . . . F 110 Writ as to postponement of the King's passage, and Writ for Array of

in. n .... F 115

Letter as to Array of two Ships with men, and Ordinance thereon F 188 Writ as to providing throe hundred Archers . . . F 201

Writ for Array of men F 115

\\rita8toArrayofArchers F 111

Writ aa to Men-at-arms and Archers F 101

Commission for Seizure of Ships F 98

t as to selecting 160 Archers, and Writ unto the Aldermen aa to the same ; also, Writ aa to eighty Archers . . . . . F 99

1 Light horanen, who rode on hones » See F, fol. 170. known ma 'hobbies ' • See F, foL 108.

566 \VHITS FOR ARMKP I.KVIKS, ETC. fB. IT.

Writ as to Archers i. F foi 100

"Writ as to Men-at-arms and Archers . . . . . F 102 Bill sent unto each Alderman for Array of men . . . F *214 Writ [enjoining] that the Ships shall be at a certain Port .Gil Writ [enjoining] that the Men-at-arms and Archers shall be at Sand- wich . . G 38, 39

Writ for Array of the men of the City G 40

Writ [enjoining] thattthe Men-at-arms and Archers shall hasten unto

the King . . . . -. ; v G 48

Proclamation as to the King's passage unto the parts beyond sea G 75 Writ as to Hostages from the realm of France, and Proclamation as

to Armour and Victuals G 224

Writ [announcing] that the English shall have whatever in France

they may acquire •..•.•.-; . . . . . G 228 Writ for Arrest of all who have left their Ship without leave . G 293 Writ as to making two Barges, and Assessment of monies for one

Barge ... k- . . -:. ' . . . . G 297 Account of monies received for making the same . . . G 298 Letter of the King as to sending the said Barge unto Sandwich G 299 Indenture between the Mayor and the Mariners of the said Barge G 303 Letter of the King as to arraying the said Barge . . . G 306 Proclamation if any one shall wish to make complaint against the

Bishop of Chester, late Treasurer • C 92

Proclamation for the Coronation of King Edward, son of King

Edward , . . . . ; C 93

Writ as to selecting four hundred Archers • . , . . F 81 That no Man-at-arms shall go out of the realm . . . F 91 Proclamation that the goods of the Merchants of Spain shall not be

arrested . • . • . . • . • F 20

Writ as to selecting 320 Archers • F 109

Ordinance as to setting the Watches throughout the Wards . G 186 Bill sent by the Mayor for setting the Watches at the time of our

Lord's Nativity . ' ;'" G 186

Proclamation as to the Sale of Armour G 290

1 SecF, foL 21-V

B.rrj MA VORN oK DI\ ; KKIES.

Writ for Deli very <»t' certain Armour unto the Karl of March in

tnd LHfoL39

Ordinance for Custody of the City H 63

Bills lor setting the Watches at the time of our Lord's Nativity II Bills sent unto the Armourers, [enjoining] that they shall sell at a reasonable price . . . . . . . II 68

Ordinance as to Custody of the Thames, in time of war, by the

N H 73

1 Jills sent unto the Aldermen, for setting the Watches in time of

war . H 101

Memorandum as to one hundred marks paid unto the Earl of Bucking- ham by Nicholas Brembre, in behalf of the City . . . H 101 Bills sent unto the Aldermen, as to setting the Watches . . H 111 As to the Custody of the Gates of London . H 137

Ordinance made for the Custody of the Gates, [and] of the water of

us D »97

Ordinance as to Custody of the City D 98

Of Divers Masters stcorn of Divers Mysteries. FoL 8oe A.

Butchers elected for regulating their Mystery . . . . G 134

Smiths elected G 134

< hirurgeons elected G 219

1 Vtitiun against the Plumbers for a certain vacant place . . G 273

ichmakers elected for regulating their Mystery . . . 8E 26

Masters of the Tapisers, Drapers, Fullers, Cutlers, Sheathers, Carpenters,

and Masons, elected II 23

Girdlers, Weavers of England, Weavers of Flanders, Weavers of

Brabant, Joiners, and Butchers, sworn 11 25

iners sworn H 26

Masters of the Saddlers sworn 11 43

Smiths, 4IIurcrs, Bladosmiths, and Tapisers, sworn for regulating their

Mysteries . , . H 48

» See H, foL 187. » Makew of Upertry.

» See O, foL 2& * taken of hurt*,

568 ORDINANCES AM) USAGES OF THE cm. CB.i».

Spurriers, ^ardmakers, Weavers of England and Flanders, Tawyers, Pouchmakers, and Linen-weavers, sworn for regulating their Mys-

teru>- L II foL 51

Butchers, Piebakers, and Armourers, sworn for regulating their

Mysteries . II 59

Bottle-makers and Sheathers sworn for regulating their Mysteries H 61

Masters of the Saddlers sworn H 68

Masters of the Barbers sworn H 7'-\

Foi soe B Ordinances, Liberties, Articles, and Ancient Customs as to

divers Matters and Regulations of ttte said City ; a* also, of the Hustings, Assizes, Wardmotes, and other Pleas, and the li

One William Gatewyk presented an appeal of Mayhem in the Hustings . ' . • . . - A 100

In every Ward there were elected two men in seisin [of lands], for shewing the names of the best and most wise men of the Ward, to take the Great Assize . .* A 110

That no one shall trade, or shall make bread or ale within the City, unless he shall be amenable to the laws of the City . . . A 130

Ordinance by the King's Council that no Officer of the King, or of other persons, shall take Prise of any victuals against the will of the Owner, under pain of imprisonment . . . . . . B 33

That the Tun, in Cornhulle, lately provided, shall from henceforth not be used ........ 1 . . , . . . . B 35

That a Thief or Homicide, although he may flee unto the Church, >li;ill not be kept there . ]'.

That a Merchant of Sandwich ought not to sell his merchandize unto Foreigners . . ' B 39

That no Judgment shall be given in the Hustings, \ C 8 68 except in presence of the Mayor and six Aldermen, at and

least ) Horn, 270

1 Makers of iron card*, for carding wool

B. iv.)

ORDIN \\ • * >K THK i MY.

I C foL 8, 68

and Horn, 270

That no Testament shall be admitted to Probate, unless the Seal of the Testator shall be annexed or appended thereto, and [the Witnesses] shall be able to k expressly as to the Seal of the Testator ; and that those who prove must ha ss knowledge of

sueh Seal .........

That the presence of the Plaintiff shall not bo wa for until a second day, but that on the first day he shall be adjudged to be in default ; and that on the second day, [such default] shall only be cured by "Writ

Writ [enjoining] that the Sheriffs should distrain the men of Brabant to tli«- value nt1 certain merchandize, which the Duke of Brabant had taken from Citizens of London . . . . . . . . C 48

That the Chamberlain shall render his Account yearly, between the

^t of Saint Miehael and the Feast of the Apostles Simon and Jude

[28 October] C 50

That it Apprentices are not enrolled in the first year, in such case their

Masters shaU be fined C 50

the Merchants of Almaine shall not carry away, or cause to be iod away, any merchandize by night C 29

1Writ [commanding] that a Ship, with all its rigging, the ring of the Shipmaster worn upon his finger, the victuals of the Sailors, the utensils in use for preparing their meals, the neck-chain, girdle, and >ilver cup from wliieh the Master drinks, shall be acquitted of making contribution for ison ; and that the Master shall lose the freight of the merchandize oast [into the sea], save the freight of such goods as are saved [and] in the ship; and that all other goods, as well of the Merchants as of the Mariners, shall be eon tril >ut ory unto Jettison . . . . C 53

anyone shall make < laim upon a Testament, the same'may be admitted; but -till. l'r..l..i- f shall not be deferred .

my one under Sequestrat [by barring up his

doors], or in any other way, such debt being due unto the City, \ C 68 shall decline to be amenable to justice, the Sequestration shall be removed, and, by view of reputable men, Execution shall bo made

BM i'.i,. -i-Ji

l"7a»-i .V.I

570

ORDINANCES AND USAGES OF THE CUT.

LB.iv.

L n foL

Fol. 807 A.

If any person shall remove his goods, in deceit of the De- mandant and [for the withholding] of his debt, he shall not enjoy free summons to plead, according to the usage of the City

Also, that Appraisers who shall have appraised any goods in any Courts of the City, shall have those goods [for the price assessed], unless the Complainant shall wish to have the same

Memorandum as to certain Butchers who lost their freedom, because they held land in villenage, and dwelt without the liberties of the City . C 88

Judgment [given] that Wives, after the decease of their Husbands, shall not remove Tenants for a term of years from the tenements by themselves and their Husbands let V * ...... C 109

Warning that Alien Merchants shall not remain in the City with their goods beyond forty days from the time that they shall have brought the same unto the City ; nor shall keep the same unsold beyond such time, under pain of forfeiture thereof . . . D 145

That no Alien shall be admitted to the Freedom, except in the Hustings or at a Common Congregation . • ,. . +. . . D 145

That Letters whereby the Commonalty may be charged, shall not be sealed with the Common Seal without assent of the Commonalty of such city . . . . «. . . . . . . . D 145

*That the Common Seal shall be in a chest under six locks, and the keys in the custody of three Aldermen and three Commoners . . D 145

That no Merchant shall go to meet merchandize coming unto the City, by land or by water . ......

That no one shall go upon the Thames for such purpose, nor shall go on board ship to buy, before such merchandize shall have come to land . . , • . , • > • •

That no Freeman shall avow the merchandize of a Stranger, and no Freeman shall have partnership with a Stranger .

That no one shall do injury unto, slander, or molest the Officers of the City, in making execution ....

Names of divers men elected to take counsel with the Mayor and Alder- men as to the business of the City ...... A 11(3

The Mayor, Aldermen, and four-and-twenty men of the City, elected to discharge the debts of the City ....... A 117

1 See page 317 ante.

B. rr.l

oKDTNAVTS AM) USAGES OF THE CITY.

Ilegrator shall go out of town to meet virtual* coming unto tin- City . ....... LDM.107

., that no one shall receive an Appivir less than seven years, and that the Master shall be a Freeman D 158

Item, that those who shall sell victuals shall stand midway between the kennels ]'

That the Usages and Customs of the City shall be enrolled in some Register, and shall be read once or twice in the year, and inspection thereof shall be denied to none ........ E 4

That no one shall be admitted to the freedom of the City, without assent of those in whose Mystery he shall so be free . . . E 4 Ion in Parliament, that when a person shall have recovered against another, [and] he against whom such recovery is made, presents a Writ of Error, so that he may in the mean time withdraw his goods [etc.] — It was ordained, that the said goods should be kept in safe custody until the ma

should have been discussed, etc. ; and Writ thereon

That Aliens shall only be admitted to the freedom in the Hustings; and that an Inhabitant, and especially an English- man by birth, shall be admitted upon surety of six men of the Mystery into which he is received, and an Alien in like manner. Ami if such persons shall not be of some Mystery, they shall not be received without the common assent ....

That Enquiry shall be made each year if any one in the City has avowed the goods of a Foreigner

That the Common Seal shall bo in the custody of two Aldermen and two Commoners ......

That Judgment shall not be delayed beyond the third Court I inquisition held

That Merchants who are not of any freedom, may sell mer- chandize within the City by retail

That two Commoners shall have the custody of London Bridge ... . ....

That no Serjeant of the Chamber shall take a fee or make execution, unless ho bo one elected thereunto ....

E 38

E 90

i LIOfB,

572

ORDINANCES AND USAGES OF THE CUT.

[B. iv.

L E foL 90

That the Chamberlain, Common Clerk, and Common Serjeant, shall be elected by the Commonalty, and by the same be removed .........

That the Mayor, Recorder, Chamberlain, Common Clerk, and Common Serjeant, shall be contented with their fees, as from of old ordained .........

That a Writing, or Acquittance, made in a foreign place, and propounded in the Sheriffs' Court, in bar of the action of the Demandants, shall be held as null ; and if a person shall refuse to make further answer he shall be

held to be undefended .......

That King Edward granted acquittance of Murder unto the Citizens .......

That they should not wage Battle ....

That as to Pleas pertaining unto the Crown they might *deraign themselves, according to the ancient custom of the City

That no one should take lodging by force or by livery of the Marshal .......

That they should be quit of Toll, Lastage, and all other custom •<*'.•

That no one should be adjudged to be amerced in a sum of money, except according to the law of the City which they had in the time of Henry the First .

That in no Plea should there be 2Miskenning .

That the Hustings should be holden once in each week . . • . , . . .-.; .

That as to their lands and tenures within the City right should there be done unto them ....

And that as to debts and sureties there made, Pleas should there be held • ••'....

That if any one should take Toll or other Custom from them, after default made in right, the Sheriffs of London should take distress in London therefor .

That they should have their grounds for hunting

E 108

109 110 111

1 J. e. clear, or exonerate.

7 See page 115 ante, Note 9.

ORD1N \N -K TTir

( 109

LEfoJ 110

/ 111

That 11. Id l)e quit of ^rudtol, Child wi

......

That they should be quit of Toll and all other

Mm

That the "Warren of ^ -h<>uld }*» diswarrened .

9That they should be quit of Toll and all otl in- Custom .........

That the Citizens might deraign themselves as to I jK-rtainiiip: unto the Crown, according to the

ancinit custom

That as well Freemen as Foreigners might make

their Attorney in the Hustings

That no one should go to meet Merchants coming towards the City, by land or by water, with merchan-

(li/r ..........

That merchandize should not be exposed for sale, until custom should have been paid thereon .

That the Mayor and Shn ili>, in absence of the Kin.ir and the Kxrhequer, should be presented unto the Con- stabl.- of the Tower

That they should be quit of Pavage, Pontage, and Murage .........

That th<> Sheriffs nf London should be amerced in the same manner as the other Sh« -rills of the realm

Clause of 8/

t the Kiii£ will not assign other .lu^ti. iars than those Itinerant for the Gaol of Neugate and for Errors at Saint

. E 124

• shall haj.jM'ii that the Commonalty are summoned unto the Guildhall, even t hough they shall not come, they shall not be amerced; but that they who have oome may make ordinance for the profit of the City ; and that the same Ordinance shall be established . . E 124

That all Aliens, admitted to the freedom, shall be removed from such

M8 v.

I 17 ."i".

* A t^ptUtioa by inadvertence.

574

ORDINANCES AND USAGES OF THE CITY.

[n.

freedom, and from henceforth shall not bo received, unless they shall 1 six sureties of the Mystery, and this in the Hustings . . L E rot 171 That no Outlaw of a strange country shall be received in London F 70 That no Bedel, Serjeant, or Raker of the streets, shall take corn at

Grascherche or Neugate

That the Citizens of London shall have all their ancient Liberties and Customs ; and that all impediments or usur- pations, against them made, shall be revoked and annulled

That the Mayor shall be one of the Justiciars for Delivery of the Gaol of Newgate . , . .

That the Citizens shall have 1Infangthef and Outfang- thef, and chattels of Felons ......

That they shall hold the Sheriffwick of London and Middlesex for three hundred pounds .

That the Citizens may devise their tenements within the liberties of the City in Mortmain, and in other manner

That the Citizens shall not be charged or amerced for escape of Robbers, otherwise than other Sheriffs on this side Trent . . ...

That the Citizens shall not be charged for the immunity of those who fly unto the Church, otherwise than from of old they have been wont to be charged ....

That the Citizens shall remove and take all Kidels in the Thames and Medewaye, and shall have the punish- ments therefor • . • • . .

That Alien Merchants, coming into England, shall sell their merchandize within forty days after their arrival, and shall sojourn at the tables of the Free Hosts of the City .

That the Seneschal, Marshal, or Clerk of the Market, shall not sit within the liberties of the City, nor shall bring up the Citizens before them in Pleas as to any matters within such liberties arising ....

That the Mayor shall be Escheator ....

F 81

F 104, -5

1 Seepage 12f> "/»..

B. IT.]

ORDINANCES AND USAGES OF THE CITY.

578

us shall not bo distrained to go, or to send, to ^ war without the City .......

That the Constable of the Tower shall not make Prises of anything •

That the Citizens from among themselves shall have Wardens at all the Fairs of England ....

That the Sheriffs of the City shall not be distrained to make oath, except upon giving in their Account

That they may record their liberties and free customs before the King and his Justiciars, and all other Officers of the King whatsoever .......

That as to Allowance of their Charters, one Writ in each place belonging unto the King shall suffice for the time of one King

That no Summons, Attachment, or Execution, shall be made by other Officers than by Officers of the City .

That the Sheriffs shall have wholly the Forfeitures of victuals, and of other things and merchandize

That the Citizens, at the Iters of the Justiciars at the Tower of London, shall be treated as they were at the Itere in the times of John and Henry, late Kin Jnml .

That the Citizens shall be taxed for the Contributions and Aids granted unto the King, like the men of the Counties, and not like other citizens and burgesses .

That for no personal offence, or for judgment punned upon an Officer, shall the liberties be taken into the King's hand ....

That no Purveyor, or other Officer of the King, shall take any Prises in the City or without, of the goods of < 1 1 i/ens, against the will of the Owner ....

That Prisage of Wines of the Citizens shall not be taken in the King's behalf . . .

That no one of the King's Officers shall trade, himself or by another, within the liberties, in any things per- taining unto his office . . . . . . ' •

That the lands and foreign tenements of Citizens,

Fol. 806 B.

576

ORDINANCES AND USAGES OF THE < I I Y.

[B.

Officers of the City, shall be held bound to keep the City indemnified as towards the King, in respect of those matters which touch their office .....

That no Market shall be holden within seven leagues around the City ........

That Inquests, by the King's Justiciars to be taken of men of the City, shall be taken at Saint Martin's le Grand in London, and not elsewhere ; Justiciars at the Iter and for Delivery, of the Gaol of Neugate excepted

That no one free of the City shall be impleaded at our Exchequer, or elsewhere, by Bill, except as to those matters which touch ourselves or our heirs

That Women shall recover damages in Writ of Dower from the tenements of which their Husbands died seised .

1(That damages in Pleas of Debt shall be awarded, if the Defendant does not appear, on the first day ; that is to say, for twenty shillings withheld for one year four shillings, and for more more, and for less less .......

That Essbin of the King's Service shall not be allowed in the Sheriffs' Court before Plea pleaded ......

If any person shall wage his law, and shall afterwards make default, let judgment be forthwith given upon the principal, and, nevertheless, let him not be summoned to hear such judgment ..........

If in plea of seizure of Distresses for rent, after return irreplevisable awarded, the tenant shall counter-plead paying the rent and not to pay it, or shall make denial, or make rescue thereupon, where entry may not be had, it shall be fully lawful for the Demandant to make complaint by Assize of Novel Disseisin ....*......

That in Inquests to be taken in the Hustings, in the first place shall be entered the names, and distraint against the next day [shall be made upon the Jurors] ; and nevertheless, the Aldermen, by their Bedels, shall make return of their Wards .

i. F ft>i. 104, -5

F 105

See pp. 404

Ful. 309 A.

L F tot 105

' 1 Officers of the City shall be sworn < .

That Pleaders who are commonly i for

pleading, shall be sworn that they will not plead, or counsel, against the usages and franchises of the City, but shall maintain the same ........

That Attorneys shall be sworn in the like manner ; ;

t answer for any person, if they are not adn; and entered on the Roll ; and that they shall have their remem- brances, and shall sue unto the Clerk that their Pleas in the Hustings shall be duly entered ......

hat no one shall sue his Writ of Error before he has shewn his grievances unto the Mayor and Aldermen, and shall by them have been examined and redressed, if they can so do ; under pain of losing his freedom, and of paying ten pounds

Process in Plea of Debt and of Covenant ....

That no one shall vouch Witnesses to bar a man of his law, if they be not persons of good repute ......

That th< Statute of Smythefelde shall be observed, as well between Denizens as between Strangers .....

The penalty upon those who draw knives or make affrays .>

If a Commoner shall be summoned to appear before the M .1 the

business of the City, and shall not appear, he shall pay t u <>

That no one shall i*.. l>y land or by water to nx-.-t vietuak t.» m ,k, gain as to the same . . . . . . . . . < •

That l Counts shall be counted in Ku-lMi

In Plea of Debt, damages shall be awarded in the proper of four shillings in the pound per annum

That the Plaintiff shall not be compelled to pay anytime

be -hall n,,t have Essoin ; Imt that tin- Defendant shall have one Esnoin

1 1 the Plaintiff is convicted, damage* shall bo adjudged i. the Defendant, at the .iUnvtion of the Court .

After the Defendant has been attached by his body, the SI. must IK- aii-\ver.tl>le tor him or tor ih, «|,-ht

578

ORDINANCES AND USAGES OF THE CITY.

[B. iv.

If a Denizen, after summons witnessed, withdraws hini« If, his goods shall be taken and delivered unto the Defendant

If the Plaintiff will not support his action by his oath, he shall not take anything ........ i.Gf •!

If Approvers vary [in their testimony], they shall have judgment of the Pillory, and the party shall lose his demand ; and damages shall also be awarded unto the Defendant

That no one shall be admitted to prove his own action . . G 92

That no Freeman shall implead another Freeman out of the City G 92

That no one shall go to forestal victuals coming into the City . G 107

That no person shall keep another in any Trade, if he will not be answer- able for him .......... G 111

Bill presented unto the Mayor and Aldermen by the Commonalty, to the effect that no one shall be admitted to the freedom of the City except by Apprenticeship . . . . . . . . . . G 140

(The Answer to which Bill is postponed, as set forth ininu><liat( >ly after.)

Declaration of the intention of the Commonalty that one born in the City should make oath unto the City ....

That the Rulers of each Mystery should be at the Guildhall, when any Apprentice [therein] should receive the freedom

That a Freeman might buy and sell all merchandize in gross, so he keep shop of one trade only . . . . . .

That in every month there should be a Guild -day for despatch of common business ....

That every one who should be received unto the freedom, should pay sixty shillings at least ... • .

Confirmation of the said Articles ......

/

Ordinance that a Tenant for term of life, or in tail, shall not be barred by deed of his Ancestor, if he take not by descent in fee from the sunn* Ancestor . .. . . . . . . . . . G \->\

< hdi nance that although a Freeman may not dwell in the City, he shall still enjoy the liberties thereof . . . . . . .0178

Also, that although a person maybe admitted a Freeman in one M\ he may still follow another Mystery, if he shall wish . . . G 173

A certain person in the Church of Saint Paul, in London. a< -kimu ]. <1L" -

Fol. 300 n.

G 1 !•'•

B-'v.l ORDIN <AOE8 OF lY.

himself to be a Felon, nnd the 'Mainour is d. unto tl. if of

London . . . . . . . . . . L A fot 50

-.. that no one shall go to meet victuals or merchandize coiniiiir towards tin- City, before they shall have come unto ' appointed . . . . . . . . . . II hi

Ordinance that Penthouses, or other Easements, by a Tenant for term of or of years attached to the timber by nails of iron or pegs of wood,

shall not be removed G 171

Ordinance that Apprentices, after the time of their Appn

1, upon testimony of their Masters shall be admitted to the freedom, the Statute made in the time of Adam de Bury to the contrary notwith- standing G 1

Also, that an Ordinance made in the Mayoralty of the same Adam,

namely, that no one shall be admitted to the freedom of the City by

redemption, for less than sixty shillings, shall be abolished ; bir ery

one shall pay according to the amount of his goods . . G 183

, that the Fines which are exacted for striking and bloodshed, shall

belong to the Commonalty G 207

. that those who sell bread, cheese, poultry, fruit, hides, .-kins

onions, garlic, and other small wares in the Streets of Chepe and Corn-

hul, shall stand midway between the kennels ; and that no Market >liall be

i upon Fair-days, for pots, pans, and other utensil*. ,-\,-,-pt at Corn-

hulle. ... Custum.

. that no one shall expose his goods for sale that owe Custom, before istom shall have been taken thereon . . . . Custuni. i. that no Denizen shall avow the nn-rehandixe of a Stran^-. r .

. Custum. 201 , that no one shall cause hindrance t<> luiy

. . Custum. 202

, that no Si -in before he shall

been admitted thereunto, or shall sell by retail, or be IIerberg< Hosteler . . . Custum. 203

that no one shall receive an Apprentiee, if he is not a Frcv him^lF. .-r \\iilioutcauaii: Covenants to be enr«>!!.<l ; and that th*>

Apprentice, after his t« -mi tinish.-d. -hall not f..ll«»\v his M\

1 The thing stolen, or f.mn.l MI tl.. I

580

ORDINANCES AND USAGKS 01 Tin; CITY.

[B. iv.

Fol. 310 A.

shall have been sworn of the freedom ; and that no Apprentice shall be admitted for a less term than seven years . . .1. Custom, foi 204

Item, that no one shall shoot with a Stonebow . . . Custum. 206

Order of Process, and mode of proceeding in Assizes of Nuisance . Custum. 208

Also, of the same Horn, 227

\lso, of Assizes, of the Statute, namely, as to divers Tenants upon a Storey . Horn, 2#)

Item, if a Servant or Apprentice of any one of the City shall buy mer- chandize of a stranger, or other person, and shall bring it into the house of his Master, the said Master shall be answerable therefor . Custum. 219 Item, that the Bailiffs of the City shall not impede Mcrch;;nK in unloading their merchandize that comes by water, or in har- bouring the same wherever they may please . . . Custum. 221

Item, that a Merchant-Stranger, good, lawful, and sufficient, who shall wish to enjoy the franchise, shall have the same

Item, that no one shall receive the Tenant of another if he shall not have lawfully parted from his Landlord

Item, that no Freeman shall avow the merchandize of a Stranger. ..........

Item, that no Freeman shall have partnership in, or act as Broker of, strange merchandize, whereby the King may lose his Custom ..........

Item, that all persons shall be obedient unto the Officers in all places . • .•....

The order in Pleas of Land and of the Hustings ; and of the Loqucnda which embrace the space of Two Hustings

If any one shall feel himself aggrieved by a wrongful judg- ment, he shall cause the Record to be brought before the Jus- ticiars of the King .........

Item, that of the Pleas the "Warden shall have one Roll, and the Aldermen another ........

Item, Inquest joined between Denizen and Foreigner shall be made by twelve persons, of whom one half shall be Denix<-ns ;iml the other Foreigners dwelling in the City, in Trespass and in I >. 1 t

Item, if any one shall sell his tenements, and shall bind himself to warranty, and have nothing left with which to make

Custuin. 220, -1

VND USAGES OF J

681

good such w.i but shall have chattels ; and if the Tenant

i eh him to warranty, and the Vouchee shall not appear 10 first summons, let the tenement as to which he is such Vouchee be 'extended ; and of the goods of the Vouches

re be taken to the value thereof, by way of *Cape ; and if he shall appear at the day [named] by the Cape, let issue be taken as though the same had been land : and this Statute holds goods as to residents within the City, and as to goods which they shall have therein, and not otherwise ; and against the Vendor, and not against his heirs ........

If Termors shall be ousted within their term, they shall 1 recovery within forty days by Plaint, and after that by Writ .

No one shall be charged in Plea of Debt or Contract, by Record of any one, except of the Warden, Aldermen, or Sheriffs, and that in the Hustings

If a Tally shall be proffered in proof in action of Debt, and be 1 unit iff shall have his proof by good and lawful folks

In Debt, where neither Writing nor Tally is shewn, the Defendant may defend himself by his law ; but in Trespass, as in eases of bloodshed and batter}-, it is to be settled by Inquest .

Item, if any one shall wage his law, he shall be at liberty to

make it, himself the "seventh

MI, if any one shall wage his law where Inquest lies, nevertheless, he shall not be condemned

Item, that every one may say the truth in his suit, without ^ being challenged as to the words ......

Item, that Warden, AM Sheriff, or any other Ofli

shall take nothing for doing aught that unto their office pertains, nor yet for execution of judgment, except fines and

^^ ^^^^ _n_wv ^^

Item, that no Denizen o. ^ner shall bo amerced,

except according to the extent of the offence ....

Item, that Freemen of the < ity. indicted for homicide, shall be bailed until the arrival of the rs Itim-ranr

rs assigned

Custum.

toL

220, -1

Custuin. FoLSlO».

valued. * The writ «o called; MO pftgw 165 and 854

-. . -:

nlil)L\.\N(;i-:s AND i>UrKS OF TIIK < IT1 . [B. ir.

*How the Citizens of London sliall behave themselves towards the King

and Council, when Pleas of the Iter are holden at the Tower of London

i. Custum. foi. 222

Also, of the same . . Horn, 209

Writ for the Iter, to summon all those who may claim any liberty

Custum. 934

Writ for receiving Essoins in the Iter, directed unto John Crombwelle,

Constable [of the Tower], and Chamberlain of the City . Custum. 225 Return of the Sheriffs upon Summons of the Writ aforesaid ; and of the

Mayor, and Sheriffs, and Chamberlain .... Custum. 226 Claim of the Mayor and Aldermen on behalf of the City . Custum. 228

Pleas of Quo Warranto Custum. 231

Of Purprestures presented against the Dean and Chapter of Saint Paul's,

London Custum. 239

Articles of the Iter delivered in each Ward . . . Custum. 241 Plea between the Citizens and John Daggesworthe, as to the office of

Usher Custum. 245

Inquisition taken of divers Wards, and divers Proclamations Custum. 246 Pleas of the Fishmongers ...... Custum. 250

Petition of the Bakers Custum. 249

Divers Presentments against the Fermors of the Sheriffs, as to the Toll

upon corn .......... Custum. 257

Plea as to the Guild of Weavers Custum. 260

Prohibition that the Market of Cornhulle shall be held after the hour of

Vespers Custum. 261

Pleas of the 2Cappers Custum. 262

Further of Purprestures against the Dean of Saint Paul's Custum. 263 Ordinance for taking 8 Withernam as against the Abbess of Berkyng E 1 I •"> That the Chamberlain of London shall receive Recognizances as to 1 Kl it •,,

the Statute made at Actone Burnelle to the contrary notwithstanding A 36 A certain person in the Church of Saint Paul acknowledged himself to

be a Felon, and the *Mainour was delivered unto the Sheriffs . A 50 A Tenant who quits, must pay his rent on the morrow of the Feast on

which it is due ; and if he fails to do so, the Landlord may distrain from day

1 Se« page 45 ante. » See page 535 ante, Not. 1

2 Makers of caps and hoods. 4 See page 579

B.IV.J OUJH.NA.V I > AN - ni- JJU. «JIV.

1! he- received as t :it i.l an he has been sworn that IK will not quit with- >u: .1' the Landlord . . i AI Also, in a Plea of I) as award Demandant mi^ht pro- Witnesses

That the Chamberlain, Wardens of the Bridge, and all other- u i bound to render account, shall render the same twice in the year, nain in tlu- first week of Lent and in tin- 1 ML: inning of Autumn . . ( Memorandum as to Commoners summoned by the Wards . C 28

Memorandum that a certain Foreigner was amerced, because he sold hi> meivhandi/o by retail . . . . . . . . . C 1!)

That ('iti/«-us may stand with the Fishmongers at their stalls, and have partnership with them in thrir iiiere.haiul; . . . • ' 88

A certain Freeman was appealed of homicide, and bailed until th

at the Tower . . . D 192

Writ theiv.ii 1) 193

rrtain man claimed the freedom «>!' was born therein, and yet [etc.] A Jury taken thereon, as to

•her his Fat In r was a Freeman or n--r . . . .El

Examination of Witnesses named in a certain Writing, who varied [in

their testimony] ; and Jury as to the same Writing . . .!'.-"•

A certain Alien admitted to the freedom of the City, and Writ [enjoin.

ing] that he shall not bo assessed to Tallage ; however, he spontaneously

offer to be tallaged : id-", the Admission of John Triple th.

unto . . '!•'. '.'I

hn Waldosshef removed from the Council of the City, and adjudp-d t<> lose the freedom th<reof . . .... I

o Bench adjudged unto a Wid«.\v 1

Also, Memorandum ... . ll-m, 306

A certain person was attached because ho bought wool <>i th- 9

:ig . . i

1 sent for Enquiry as to a certain Ship that had been plundered at

sea by the men of Almaino I

Memorandum as t<> n [ui table men of the Wards summoned unto the Council of the City . .1

* See E, f oL ft.

584 OBDINAMl- AM. ( LpW 0V THE CITY. [B. IT.

Pardon granted by the King, before the Justices Itinerant, in rofen • to those who had fled unto the Church, although no guard had been placed upon them L E fot 125

"Writ [enjoining] that the twelve-men, daily before the Justiciars Itinerant, should have their reasonable expenses . . . . E 1'J")

That two men of every "Ward should be elected for making Ordinances, and that whatever they should ordain, should be held as established E 141

As to not sending a Prisoner in Neugate before the King, because it was contrary to the liberties ........ E 235

Note, that reputable men of divers Mysteries — that is to say, five-and- twenty — were chosen for regulating their respective Mysteries . E 190

Writ as to an Acquittance alleged to be in a Foreign Country, and Return thereof E 199

2 A Second Wife recovered, as against the Executors of her Husband, one half of the goods of her said Husband, although there was no issue between them surviving ; and yet the Husband had issue by a former Wife him surviving f ....••• . . . . . G 234

That no Woman, Ladies excepted who use furred hoods, shall use a hood furred, [except] with sbudge . . ••, ,. A 130

Proclamation that no one shall insult or injure the Messengers from France, whether right or wrong B 3

That no one shall be in any Ward beyond a day and a night, unless he be in frank-pledge, or unless his Host shall be willing to make answer for him A 130

That neither Mayor, Sheriffs, nor Aldermen, nor yet their Clerks, Ser- jeants, nor Bedels, shall keep a brewery, oven, or tavern . . D 158

Alao, of the same . . . . ...... . . G 204

That every Workman and Labourer shall do his work as he used to do before the 4Pestilence G 29

That Labourers and Workmen who will not work, shall be arrested and imprisoned •,.,. . . . . . .G 107

Item, that Servants of good folks shall not take more than they were wont ...... . . . . ; . . . G 107

That all shall practise the Art of Archery . : . . G 111

1 Or Jury. wool on.

» See page 338 antr. « Of A.D. 1348—1352.

* Prepared sheepskin, or goatskin, with the

686

nit perjury, he shall stand upon a

stool in the Guildhall, and declare the cause thereof . . L G M. 140 That Hostelers shall give sui Guests . . . G 1 17

it no one shall go with visor or false face . . G 262

Also, of the same . G 298 ]

nance that Monies forthcoming unto the Chamber shall be expended

upon view of Aldermen and Commoners elected thereunto . . G *306

That no Regrator of corn, poultry, fish, or other victuals, shall buy for

re-sale before the hour of Prime ...... G *203

Also, of the same ........ Custum. 220

That no one shall enter a Boat with oysters, mussels, cockles, [or] scal- lops, to buy the same, but they shall stand for sale in common . G 204 That the Bailiffs shall not impede Merchants in unloading their mer- chandize that comes by water ....... G 220

That a Merchant-Stranger, good, lawful, and sufficient, who wishes to

enjoy the freedom, shall have the same G 220

l>erty that within three miles on every side of the City no ' one ought to detain or impede another, or make market .

Also, that if any one of the household of the King, or of any of the Nobles, shall attempt to take lodging within the ('{•

1>\ II'MTV or on plea of usage, the Host thereof, if he shall kill him, -hall choose six of his kindred, and with : make oath, himself the seventh, that for this cause he slew him ;

and he shall go acqui:

That no one shall plead with another without the walls of the

If a Freeman of the City shall incur forfeiture to an extent that may by money be atoned for, he shall not be adjudged to pay more than his *Were . ...

any person shall come unto the Hustings or Court, not

summoned thereunto, he needs make answer to no one, unless he

shall be willing gratuitously so to do .....

That every one may sell his land . ....

1 1 ::.\ < i/en shall have held possession of land or house for

•

' Ddbwj u t ,

of the King'.

^ • ,' i. •'.

.%.:• |.

01U>1\ \\I) USAGES OF Till. CITY.

[B. if.

L Horn,

fou 230

a year and a day, without claim thereof, he ought to inaki ^ answer to no one therefor, unless the person who shall have made such claim shall have been under !age, sick, out of the country, or at the wars ........

Also, that a Merchant-Stranger shall sojourn wheresoever he shall please; but he must not sell by retail; — cloths dyed with fustic, for example, of these he must not sell less than twelve ; and if it is pepper, cummin, ginger, alum, brasil, latten, or incense [that he brings], he must not sell less than 25 pounds at a time. And if he brings girdles, not less than 1012 girdles together. And if cloths of silk, of wool, or of linen, he must sell them whole. If wax, he must not sell less than one quarter * •

Also, that Merchant-Strangers may not buy 2wet cloth, nor yet make dye, or exercise any other calling which unto the Citizens pertains ; nor may they make market in the City, or remain in the City for more than forty days ....

Also, that the Citizens shall not wage battle, nor go on any expedition by sea or by land /

Articles to be mentioned at the Wardmotes . . . Horn,

That all victuals sold in Chepe shall be sold midway bet\\« n the kennels Horn, 237

That no Market for pots, or for pans, shall be held on 1 'air- days . * . Horn, J .7

Statute of Smethefelde as to corn and malt . . . Horn, 237

That no Freeman ought to plead, save before the King or his Chief Justice ; and that he shall make no oath ....

That a Freeman ought to be put upon twelve 3pledges, and not more ; of whom each may pay one hundred shillings, if he be attainted » *:

When Pleas of the Crown are holden at the Tower, neither the Sheriff nor any other Freeman shall recite the Pleas of the Crown

1 The word 'efottofem' here is clearly an * With the dye. error for ' " e Thorn's A ndcnt Laws * Or sureties.

and Institutes of Enyland, p. 200.

FoL 312 A.

llnl'll,

256

*"J S AND l> 1HE CITY. 0^7

* man shall be skin in London, tin- Shi riff shall attach him who is accused, and shall put him u\m\ twelve pledges . . L Horn, UL 255

If a person prosecutes for homicide, and does not give surety and pledge thut he will prosecute, the others shall not be arrested thereon

H 255

M morandum that Ranulph le Myneter, by his Testament, enrolled on the Monday next before the Feast of Saint Mark the Evangelist [25 April], in the second year of the reign of King Edward, son of King Edward, devised unto his Wife, her heirs, and assigns, rent to the yearly value of half a mark. And because the Custom of the City of London does not allow that a man may devise unto his Wife in fee, the Wife aforesaid renounced fee therein, and demanded that she might hold the same for the term of her life only ; and the same was granted unto h

[Husting Rolls of the second year of Edward, son of Edward]

Also, in the case of the Testament of Adam Forsham, in the fifteenth year of Edward, son of Edward, the Wife renounced the fee unto her devised, and demanded that she might hold for the term of her life .

[Rusting Rolls of the fifteenth year of Edward, son of Edward]

Memorandum as to holding Common Council by the men of the Wards . B 30

Certain liberties, under Seal of the Commonalty, granted unto the Flemings ; namely, that the Staple shall be for ever in tit* parts of Brabant or of Flanders

Item, that cloths of ray, made in such parts, shall be received \Mthdut A uliiage or other thing ......

Item, that the Merchants of Flanders may buy their m< »•»,-«•

chandize and have passage, paying the Customs

Item, that they may buy and sell with all manner of people, and all manner of merchandize : and many other Articles ./

That no one may go to forestal victuals coming to the < . F 182

Also, of the same . . H 14

If any Labourer shall absent himself and will not serve, ho shall be imprisoned for a quarter, and shall forfeit his goods . . F 181

Item, that Servants in the hostels of good folks shall not take more than were wont ... .... F 181

588

nunr IND I-\OES OF Tin: CITY.

IB. IT.

Item, in i-vcry Ward there shall be sworn four persons to keep the Ordinances ordained . . . . . . . . L F foi 181

Item, if any person shall act in contravention of any one of the Ordi- nances, he shall pay forty shillings . . . . . . F 181

Item, that no one shall go to forestal victuals . . F 81 That no one shall go with a false face or with his f 'un- covered G 2

*One Freeman charged another Freeman with homicide, and N waged battle, and the other would not fight ; but it was adjudged that he should wage his law, himself the eighteenth

A Freeman of the City was charged with felony and put upon twelve sureties, and the Plaintiff died before the sitting of the Justiciars ; whereupon the other was acquitted

If the King prosecutes without a Plaintiff, in a Plea of the Crown, [the Defendant] shall defend himself by the 2seventh hand ;. •

If a person is charged with homicide, he ought to be attached to make answer before the Justiciars .....

If a person charges another with homicide, and does not give surety and pledges that he will prosecute, the Defendant ought not to be attached .........

According to the ancient custom of the City, it has always been the usage to bail men accused of homicide

If a person is accused as concerning the Pleas of the Crown, and is put upon sureties, and it so happens that he dies before the sitting of the Justiciars, his sureties ought to announce his death before the Justiciars, and so go acquitted

If a person prosecutes another for homicide, and the accused does not appear upon summons, he must be outlawed

If a person shall disseise another without judgment given, the Sheriffs have to determine thereon .....

Also, Ordinance of Assize of Novel Disseisin made in the realm . .,* .*+•• . . . . . . . . /

Horn, 256

1 For this and other extracts in full from Liber Horn, see page 97 of this volume, to

page 104 2 See page 98 ante.

HIT.]

OHDI

588

L Horn,

an 1 Breach of the Peace ...

[f the fmetias of any one charged with felony cannot produce

person accused bei'mv tin- Justiciars, each shall be

to the amount of one hundred shillings ; and if they

unwilling further to be his pledges, they shall by such

; cement go acquitted .......

A certain man slew his wife, and fled unto the Church, and

was afterwards put upon i and then abjured the realm ;

his sureties, were to go acquitted ....

If Freemen shall act in derogation of their liberties, and shall renounc' 'iberties, that shall not be to the ;

of other freemen

Two men elected in each Ward for choosing the Great Assize Horn, 263 Ordinance that the Chamberlain of London may receive Recognizances

of Debts Horn, 264

Ordinance that no one shall be admitted to produce Witnesses, v. the opposite party makes tender to prove by the country . . l

nn adjudged in Pleas of Land, holden on the Monday next the Feast of Saint Andrew [30 November], in the on year of the reign of King Edward the Third . . . Husting 1 ;

•ion of tin- Commonalty l.v Plaint of Intrusion, in Pleas of Land h«»ld, ii mi the Monday next after the Feast of > rtin [11 November],

in the thive-an«l-t\\eiitieth year of the ivi^n of King Edward the Third .

Ilusting Rolls

<>i'i it the Sheriffs shall have two Compters in Pleas of Land

hnldrn on i ,-r the Feast of the Translation of Saint

Edward ^ [13 October], in the two-and-tu year of the reign

ng Edward the Third

Judgment that a T -hall have his term, notwithstanding a

frofliin-nt aftmvardx niadr hy tin- < K\ ;KT of t In- ten. in. nt . — .nn>llrd in the

is of Land hold, ii on Monda morrow of Saint Lucy il;« Virgin

: December , in the first year ol th, nign of King Edward the Third .

. Husting Rolls

bloodshed pertains unto thr City . G 111 i i 3isA.

'..

500 ORDINANCES AND OSACHH OK THE CITY. [B. iv.

That every reputable man shall have water in a vessel without his

door, in summer-time . . . . . . . . i 1 1 foi. 37

That Citizens shall not be brought up to plead before the Seneschal and

Marshal, unless one party be of the household of the King . C 69

Attorney made in the Common Bench and the Exchequer . C 70 Delivery made of 1Infangthef in the Guildhall before the Mayor and

Aldermen E 234

Delivery of Infangthef E 241

Also, of the same F 217

Of not sending the Record without the City — Return upon "Writ of

Error G 59

That the Citizens shall have Chattels of Felons, before them adjudged,

and of all of the freedom adjudged at Neugate . . . . G 85 Inquisition as to the Gate of the Temple, that the Citizens [shall] there

[have] ingress and egress with merchandize and victuals . . G 88 Allegation before the King, that the Citizens ought not to be tallaged as

to their rents and chattels in such manner as persons who are of the King's

demesnes ; and Writ thereupon Horn, 324

Articles of the Liberties which the Citizens claim . . . G 152 Plea in Bank on the Statute of Servants . . . . G 68 Freedom of the City, together with the Mayoralty, restored, in tho

time of Henry Galeys . . . . . . . C 24

Bill sent unto each Alderman as to setting the Watches . . II 39 Memorandum that the Commonalty had elected certain Aldermen, and

that whatever they should do for the regulation of the City, they would

hold as established II 26

Ordinance that the Common Council shall be appointed by the men «.f

the Mysteries . II 46

Note, how and in what way a Soke continues [as such] . . II 48 Grant by the Sheriffs that one half of the victuals forfeited shall go unto

the Commonalty . . . . . . . . . H 49

Writ [commanding] that Strangers shall not sell unto another Stran g

for re-sale . . . . . . . . . . II VI

Writ [commanding] that Strangers shall not sell by retail, nor k< « |.

Hostel, nor be Brokers II V;

1 See page 129 ant'. Note 2. « Folios 1 to 12 of this liook arc wanting.

B.iv.3 OK! - or TUT ' II V.

•iflum that the Sheriffs granted unto the Commonalty one half of

the victuals forfeited : 1 1 «. 49

!i;iiK . ..t' the Mayor, Aldmnen, and Commoners of di\

that im AM riiiaii who had been removed from his office for truthful cause

.Id be r. -elected Alderman thereafter; and that no Alderman, to be

.ved iii tut u iv in form aforesaid, shall be re-elected for term of his 1

and no Conn nm\vd t'mm Common Council in form aforesaid, shall

unto the Common Council be re-elected . . . . IE 68

Th;r man who shall be without the City shall return unto

the same H 73

Judgment given that Executors may remove certain articles of lead

ed upon, and annexed unto, the freehold . . . If 75

Proclamation made as to the liberties of the City, according to the tenor

of the Continuation thereof by his lordship the King . . IT 82

Ih'vers ni. n elected by the Mayor, Aldermen, and Common ali

v the liherties <•!' the City H 88

< M' tin Mayor's Procession on horseback on the morrow of Simon and Jude [28 October] ... . . II '.'"•

That no one shall go out of the City, l>y land or by water, to foreetal ing thitl ...... . H 98

: 11 nnt he P. rowers [of] Bakers, nor shall keep Carte for hii- Regrators . . . . H 98

Tin* Mayor and Aid. : re sent unto hi* lordship the King H 107

t no Regrator of victuals, of flesh and fish, shall go to meet victual^ towards the City] ; nor shall buy the same for re-sale, Ix

l.y thr dock . . . Hilt

i. that Pastelcrs shall bake pies for one halfpenny . . HIM

lU'ii shall be sold by measure . . .HIM

\Tnent f»> ;i unto Christina, wife of Thomas

H 186 i u|Mm a certain Alderman, because his cloak was

II 146

t every « > uses two bushels of corn per week, shall have a

•mill in 1 ....... II 1 10

1 /. f. not linnl.

592 INQUISITIONS AS TO OR1M!\NS, MALKFA4 H»i:s, ].ic. [B.ir.

Proclamation made as to the Enrolment of Apprentices, a.s well mules as females i I r»i- ;57

Custom as to not holding Hustings after the Feast of Saint Lotolph [17 June] annulled .......... I 170

That no person indicted or charged with being of evil life in one Ward, shall be received into another . . . . . . I 194

Ordinance against Bondmen, that they shall not be received unto the freedom of the City, or unto judicial rank . . . . . II 218

Ordinance that 1Hocking shall be forbidden . . . I 49

Also, of the same . . I 77

Fol. 3U i. Of Inquisitions as to Orphans, Malefactors, Goods of Out/" Persons, Lands, Tenements, and Rents, and other like matters.

Inquisitions taken of divers Wards, and divers Proclamations Custum. 246 Inquisitions, to be taken by the King's Justiciars of the men of the City,

shall be taken at Saint Martin's le Grand in London, and not elsewhere ;

the Justiciars at the Iter, and for Delivery of the Gaol of Neugate,

excepted .. • . * . . . . . . . [FJ 104, -5

That Enquiry shall be made each year whether any one of the City has

avowed the goods of Foreigners . . . . . . . E 90

Inquisition as to Vagrants, Misdoers, and Players at dice . . B 130 Writ for Enquiry as to Misdoers between the Merchants of England and

of France [E] 1 1 \

Writ for Enquiry as to Felony [E] 114

Inquisition by Writ as to Slanderers of his lordship the King and liis

Council . . . '. . . ..: . . [G 38]

Inquisition by Writ as to those who commit offences in reference to the

Money * [C] 31

Inquisition as to Maintainers ...... [H] 102

Inquisition upon William Whitman as to false merchandize by him

sold [II]

Inquisition as to the Tenements of a certain Orphan . . G 222

1 The sports practised on Hock Day, the very rough and practical n.-itin--. > H.un|. second Tuesday after Easter ; with jokes of a son's Jf<W,Y ./>» K»i. Mbrfm, V..1. 1 1. . p. L9&

B.IT.) I.VjT IsrilON., AM) ORDINANCES AS TO TC. 593

Inquisition as to the goods of a certain person plundered beyond .......... L [E] tot 101

Inquisition as to an Affray committed by Giles Pykeman . . G 1 •"• I Iii<{m>ition as to the goods of certain Outlawed persons . . G 192 Inquisition as to the lands, tenements, and rents, of the Hospital of Saint

James . ......... G 67

Inquisition as to Tenements devised . . G 61

Inquisition taken as to Falcons seized in a certain ship in the Port of

London ........... G '52

Inquisition taken as to the House of Nicholas Hotot, in which Ward it

is situate ........... H 300

A like Inquisition as to the Shop of Henry Parmystede . . H 293 Inquisition as to Metes and Boundaries without Aldrichegate . H 282 Inquisition as to the tenement of Dame Margaret Philpot, in which

Ward it ought to be taxed . ....... I 120

Inquisition as to the Metes and Boundaries of the Street of Old-

fisshstrete ........... I

Inquisition as to the Metes and Boundaries of the Street of *Est-

chepe ........... I 133

Inquisition as to tenements of which John Frensshe, Goldsmith, had died

seised ......... . I 161

Inquisition as to the tenement of Walter Pope, in which Ward it is I 163 Inquisition taken within the walls or sea-embankments of the water of

Thames, at the 8Lymchostes, as to the death of one Thomas Frank I 200

Of Usury, Usurer*, and Evil Extortion* ; and of (he Punuhmmt Fot. au «.

Ordinance as to Usurers . . G 118

Writ against Usurers . ...... Gil?

Letter of the King against evil Extortions . G 161

Election of two Aldermen and four Commoners, for punishment <>t

Usurers ... G 256

Charter of his lordship the King touching the Ordinances on Usurers H 1 59

' s., ... lot ,;•_• ' Th* iraent LfaMhaaML

•

•„• <;

TESTAMENTS, EXI< I "mi;*, AND DI vi -:

Ordinance as to Usurers . . . . . . . u II foi. :;r,

Proclamation as to Usurers . . . . . . II 127

Declaration on Usury II 200

Foi. 315 A. Of Testaments, Executors, and Devices.

Testament of Henry Neuport annulled at the Hustings of Common Pleas, holden on the Monday next before the Feast of Saint Marpnvt the Virgin [20 July], in the five-and- thirtieth year of the reign of Kin«j Edward, son of King Henry [HustingPu.il>]

That no Testament shall be admitted to Probate, unless the Seal of the Testator shall be annexed or appended thereto, and [the "Witnesses] shall be able to speak expressly as to the Seal of the Testator, and those proving shall have express knowledge of such Seal . . . . C 8, G8

[Of the same] Horn, 270

If any one shall make claim as to a Testament, the same may be admitted ; but still, Probate shall not be deferred ... C 68

That the Citizens may devise their tenements within the liberties of the City in Mortmain, and in any other manner . . . . F 101. -:>

1 Memorandum that 2Ralph le Myneter, by his Testament, enrolled on the Monday next before the Feast of Saint Mark the Evangelist [20 April], in the second year of the reign of King Edward, son of Kin^ Edward, devised unto his wife, her heirs, and assigns, rent to the yearlv value of half a mark. And because the Custom of the City of London does not allow that a man may devise unto his wife in fee, the wife afore- said renounced fee therein, and demanded that she might hold the snim for the term of her life only ; and the same was granted unto her

. [Husting Rolls] of the second year of Edward, son of Edward.

8 Also, in the case of the Testament of Adam Forsham, in the fift year of the reign of King Edward, son of King Edward, the wife renounced the fee unto her devised, and demanded that she might hold l\ ti- the term of her life ..........

[Husting Rolls] of the fifteenth year of Edward, son of Edward.

1 Sec page 587 ante. » See page 587 ante.

9 In page 587 given as ' Ranulph. '

B.IT.] Mi I'RESTURKS, CARPENTERS ANT) MAS«

same also as to the Testament of Ralph Chestre, enrolled in t la- th ree-and- thirtieth year of the reign of King Edward, son of King Henry ........... [Husting Rolls]

In the case of the Testament of Walter Bachelor, enrolled at the Hustings holden on the Monday before the Conversion of Saint Paul [2-3 January] , in the first year of King Edward, son of King Edward, because the said Testator devised a shop unto W and M, his wife, sister of such Testator, and the heirs of the said M lawfully begotten ; which shop had before been given unto the aforesaid W and M in free marriage ; and because, at the time of Probate of the Testament, the aforesaid TV and M were surviving and might have children — Therefore the said Devise was annulled . [Husting Rolls] of the first year of Edward, son of Edward. Also, in the case of the Testament of Henry Bermyngham, enrolled on the Monday before the Conversion of Saint Paul [25 January], in the same year, because the Testator devised a tenement unto J his wife, for the term of her life, and, after her decease, unto A his daughter; upon the oiii'lition that, in case the said A should die, her mother living, his said wife should then sell such reversion ; and in case she should not so sell it during her life, then his will was that she by her Testament should devise the same for sale; which Devise was contrary to the Custom of the City — Therefore, so far, it was annulled ........

. [Husting Rolls] of the first year of Edward, son of Edward.

'If a Freeman shall devise a tenement or rents in Mortmain, although

there shall not be a Parson qualified to take named therein, still, the Devise

shall be carried into effect ....... L II rw. 96

Ordinance that Executors shall make answer without Specialty H 107

Of Nuisance* and Purprwtmrm,md Carpenter* and Maion* ncom.

Presentment of a certain earthen wall, a common nuisance, standing in ikislane .... . . C 7

Masons and Carpenters sworn, on Assizes of Nuisance . . C Order and Process in AMUK* of Nuisance . . Custum. 208

Also, of the same ....... . C 14

» Set pap 381 mfe -«r Flnoh Uoe, CornhflL

Q Q 2

596 GRANTS OF, AND ADMISSIONS TO, THE FREEDOM. [B. IT.

Discharge of five marks exacted in the Exchequer, by Estreat of the Justiciars for enquiry as to Purprestures . . . . L E foi. 10

Precept made unto the Parson of Saint Laurence Candelwikstreto, that he shall not enclose the Churchyard there, because it is the common way E 5G

Ordinance for removal of Nuisances between the Conduit and tin.- Stokkes F 102

That no Hoards, Palings, Steps, or other things, shall be made in the high streets of the City F 105

Judgment for removal of a certain Wall, newly made at the door of the church of Saint Michael le Quern II 84

Of Purprestures made by the Dean and Chapter of Saint Paul's, London Custum. 239

Also, further as to Purprestures made by the Dean of Saint Paul's Custum. 263

Grant of the building of a Pinnacle to the Conduit of Fletestrete H 226

Ordinance as to Assizes of Nuisance . . . . C 14

Also, of the same Custum. 208

Grants, Confirmations, and Admissions unto the Freedom of direr*

Fol. 316 B.

persons in dicers Mysteries.

Grant of the Freedom unto Hugh Curteys, by the Common Council II 07 Freedom of the City granted unto a certain Attorney in the King's

Court C 24

Restoration of the Freedom unto Richard Northbury . . G 247 Admission of William Tyllere and Terry Dripstein to the Freedom of

the Mystery of Broiderers H 301

Admission of John Dekene to the Freedom of the Mystery of Grocers .

: . H 316

A like Admission for William Sevenok, to the Mystery of Grocers II .'1 1 < i Admission of Thomas Smythe, called Stanes, to the Mystery Vintners ........... I 1

Admission of John Bisshop to the Mystery of Vintners . .11 Admission of William Coventre to the Mystery of Mercers . 114

1 Situate at the West end of the present Poultry.

B. IT.)

OK I>I NANCES OP Ti

607

Of Fishmongers, Freemen and Foreigners, and of the Sale of their Fish, and the place* for Sale; a* also, of many other circum- stances relating to the Mystery aforesaid, and the Servants thereof.

That two Hallmotes shall be holden each year, the one against the Feast of Saint Martin [11 November], and the other against Lent; one at the Bridge, and the other at Oldefisshestrete ; unto which all shall come, upon one day's notice, when the Sheriff can attend there, and he who shall make default, shall pay 21 pence

And that no person of the City shall buy fresh fish for re-sale, before sunrise, or salt before Prime, if a Foreigner has any share therein ; and if a Foreigner has a share therein, it shall be sold after Prime

And that no one shall send to buy any manner of fish, far or near, to forestal the same

And that no one shall buy fish in any vessel, until the rope shall have been brought ashore ; and not then, except in form aforesaid

And that no one shall avow or receive the fish of a Stranger, if one half of the fish is not his own

And that as to oysters, mussels, [and] whelks, no one shall sell them or avow them, but those who fish them ; and that they shall not lie for sale more than two ebbs and a flood, and shall not be sold by the boat-load in gross ; save that, if a Stranger shall not have sold all by Noon, the Resellers thereof may buy them and put thorn in their shops ......

And that fish that comes in baskets shall be as good beneath as it is above

And that sturgeon, that comes in barrels, shall bo of one taking and of one salting .......

And that no manner of fish that comes by night, belonging to any one, shall be removed from the boat before sunrise, unless rainy weather shall happen ; and then, it shall be upon the Quay, in charge of a Serjeant of the Street ....

And that no fish that comes in baskets shall be harboured in shop or in house, but it shall remain in view without ; save that, /

LA

w.89, 90

ORDINANCES OF THE FISHMONGERS.

[B. IT.

i. A roi.89, 90

those of the trade may harbour their own fish by view of the Serjeant, so that the next day it be fully brought into market .

And that no one shall conceal or harbour lampreys of 1Nauntes [brought] by a Stranger, but by the Wall of Saint Margaret's such Strangers shall sell the same ; nor shall any one buy them for re-sale before the fourth day after their arrival ; nor shall a Stranger sell them afterwards by retail, but by the dozen or half [dozen] .......

And that no one shall take an Apprentice for less than seven years ......

And that no Apprentice shall trade, or commit extortion ; nor shall any man of the trade, through spite, make fish more dear

And that those who are now Apprentices, shall not work [in the business] until they are enrolled .....

And that the buyers for the Abbat of Saint Alban's shall not buy more than they need for the House .....

And that herrings, mackerel, and other fish that comes by cart, shall not be bought before the hour of Noon, for re-sale .

Sprats shall be sold by tandel and half [tandel] , and not in gross * . . . . . ...

Also, that those who sell fish shall not throw the water into the King's Highway, but shall have the same carried unto the Thames . . A 1 30

Also, Fishmongers sworn to examine the Baskets that are not of Assize ; whose 2 Assize is, that the Basket must hold one bushel of oats . C • 92

Of Forestallers of lampreys D 123

That no one shall regrate fish before Prime rung. — Among the Articles, being, that is to say, Article 23 . . . . D 157

That no Vendors of fish shall throw their water into the High Street D 158

That no one shall enter a Boat with oysters, mussels, and whelks, before that the same shall have been brought to shore ; but that the person who has brought the same shall sell them D 158

Seizure of 8Dorsers because they were not of Assize; and Forfeiture of the Fish, and burning of the Dorsers . . . . . . E 32

Fol. 3l7u.

1 Nantes, in France. * Or stated regulation.

3 Or liasketa.

B "J n FOR MM iv 599

Measurcin.-iit in ul. ..f D n-sers for fish; and Forfeiture of the Fisl

Doreere

t the Sheriffs shall take from each Dorser one lamprey . ! Which Custom is afterwards a in nil led l»y ju<l _iri n< -nt given . IL 31 Forfeiture of Fish, because [the Sellers] sold the same in their shops, and not in the * house of the Stokkes ...... 1.

That no fish, fresh or salted, shall be put upon stalls for sale clscv in Briggestrete, 2Wolchirche, and Oldefisshstrete . . F 208 i. that fresh- water fish shall be brought to Briggestrete and Old- fisshestrete, and there sold, and not elsewhere . . . . G 87

Item, that 8 Birlsters, who carry fish about the streets, shall not stand

in Chepe or elsewl. Q 87

Ordinance that the Fishmongers shall have the Stalls at the Stocks on

fish-days, and the Butchers on flesh-days G 91

That no one shall regrate fresh- water fish for re-sale ; that is to say, roach, barbel, dace, flounders, 4stikelings, smelts, lamperns, or any < • fish ; but that the Fishermen shall sell the same under the Wall of Saint Margaret's, Oldefisshstrctc, and under the Wall of Saint Mary Magdeleyn's ; and that n<> \\l\\-\ > r shall sell fish in any fixed place; and that noRcgr shall l)uy tV-h-u nt. -• fish before the ho imc . , . G 100

t s for the FiMiiimngers, for Confirmation of certain Ordinances before-

(i

Item, that Birlsters shall not stand at any place within the City (i

. that no one shall regrate fish for re-sale; but that those who take shall sell them .... .... C 197

Item, that no Fishmonger or Rogrutor shall buy i; -h before

':iin<- ... ('

1 'lea as tot mongers of Fysshwharfe . ' urn. 250

Ancient Statutes of the Fishmongers of London . . I!»ni, 218

Charter of the Fishmongers G 136

Composition between the Fishmongers ami 1' . F 79

Also, that th - in which Salmon are taken shall be under prohi-

8t Mary Woolchurck

Moaning, ; Stocks Market; ' Or Hu. kuten.

li WM in the immediate vi. « The stickle- Uck of the preccnt <Uy.

: church HAW, or tho Churchy *nl of

600 Hl/,1 I.ATIONS FOR FISHMONGERS. [B. iv.

bition from the Feast of the Nativity of the Blessi d Mary [8 September]

until the Feast of Saint Martin [11 November] . . . L F foL 87 Item, that Fishmongers shall not throw their water into the streets, but

shall have the same carried unto the Thames . . . Custum. 204 Statute as to Poultry and Fish ; and Price of each Fish . . C 82

Burning of Kidels F 71

[Of the same] E 99

That no one shall go to forestal fresh fish, taken in the Thames,

upon the banks thereof F 119

Ancient Statutes of the Fishmongers, to be presented at their Hallmoto

Custum. 207

That no Fishmonger shall buy fish coming unto the City, before that

the good folks shall have bought what they need . . . Custum. 203 That Freemen of the City may stand with the Fishmongers at their

stalls, and be partners with them in their wares . . . . C 88 Fishmongers sworn to preserve the Ordinance made as to the Sale of

Fish . .' V E 149

That Freemen of the City shall not pay custom on Lampreys . H 31 Fishmongers elected to survey the Nets in the waters of Thames and

Medewaye .. •• „ '. • H 82

That no Huckster shall stand in a fixed place, but that they shall go

throughout the City . H 107

That no one shall regrate fresh fish, but that the Takers shall sell it

themselves H 107

Item, as to the Price of smelts, lamperns, and roach, and otln-r

fish . * . ' . * . ; H 107

Letters and Writs of his lordship the King, for the Fishmongers of

London . .. ..'.' .. * H 326

Also, Ordinances of the Fishmongers ... H 152, -3, -4

[The same] .., H 172

Oath of the "Wardens of the Mystery of Fishmongers of London H 120 Commission for Supervision of those who fish in the Thames . II 129 Ordinance as to "Weighing Eels . . . . . I 111 Ordinance of the Mystery of Fishmongers . . . I 185 Annulment of a certain Judgment as to paying Custom on Lam- preys . II 31

Mil LS AND MILLERS, ETC. 601

Of M id of Corn, and of Pesage ; and

of their Wages ami Chastisement*.

One halfpenny to be paid for Pesage of every quarter of corn taken

to the mill LAfoi.113

Alao, as Culture for every quarter, three pence . . . A 113 Also, if the Miller shall be convicted of having stolen the flour, or of having been guilty of fraud, the horse of the mill shall be seized, with the flour, until the Owner of the mill shall have come and have caused the Offender to appear ; and if he shall not do so, he shall pay half a mark. And if the Offender shall appear, he shall have judgment of the Hurdle, like a Baker, and nevertheless, the Owner shall make satisfaction for the flour that is deficient. And if the Owner shall refuse to appear, or to pro- duce the Offender, it shall be forbidden that any one shall go to the said mill, until, t>tc. .......... A 113

Also, that Corn shall be delivered by weight . . . . A 1 1 3

Also, of the Ordinances aforesaid Horn, 263

Also, Writ for the Punishment of Millers, Bakers, and Brewers A 127

Also, that the three Beams for the weighing of Corn, of late ordain* .1,

shall be wholly abolished 11 35

Of Corndeakrs and Corn-jwrters ; of Eegrators of Malt and Salt ;

<>f f/t> 7V//// x for f/,<< Standing and Sale thereof 9 tn'M other tnntti-rx r> l<iting thereunto.

That no Monger, [or] Rcgrator of corn, fish, [or] birds, shall buy ' uals before Prime rung . . . . . . . A 1 '.':»

Also, that a Corn-porter may not mete corn, or enter any churchyard,

house, or vessel, to value corn, until ho is called by the Owner of the corn

. . A l::i»

[Of the same] D «156

That no one shall be a Broker of corn or malt . . . . Q 18 Men sworn to make search that no one sells his corn beyond a fair price,

«>r in ixi-.s putrid corn with good com . . . . . . C 40

Foreatallers of corn adjudged to lose their freedom . . . C 40 Item, that no one shall sell corn by sample or in secret, but in tho

» Payment for grading. » 8* D, foL 158,

602

REGULATIONS FOR CORXDEALEttS AND I'OKN-rnllTKUS.

[B. iv.

E 44

Markets in Newgate and at Graschirche; and this, after Prime rung, and not before L D foi. 155

Item, that corn brought unto the City, by land or by water, shall be exposed for sale in market only .....

Item, that corn which is brought to Queen- Hythe, or else- where, by a Stranger, shall not be exposed for sale before Prime rung at Saint Paul's .......

Item, that a Stranger shall not expose corn for sale, or buy by sample ; nor shall a Foreigner sell unto a Foreigner .

Item, that no one of the City shall buy corn ^ming into the City, for re-sale .........

Item, that no Denizen shall avow the corn of a Stranger

Item, that no Denizen Regrator shall stand on the 2Pavements among Strangers, but by themselves ; nor shall [any Denizen] entrust his corn unto a Stranger for re-sale ....

Item, that no one shall entrust his money unto Corndealers frequenting the markets of 3Upeland, to make a gain upon each quarter . ..........

Certain men elected at Billy ngesgate and Queen-Hythe, in order that corn brought thither for sale may not be taken out of the City . E 1»'J7

That no one shall sell corn by sample .....

That no one shall expose corn for sale at Queen-Hythe, or at Billyngcsgatc, before 4half- Prime ......

That no Meter shall be a Broker F 81

Also, that no one shall forestal corn

Also, that no Corndealer shall 5buy corn, and leave the same in the hands of the Vendor for re-sale .....

Also, of the same Ordinances . . . . . . . G 29

Also, that Brewers, or those who make malt, shall not consume the water of the Conduit F 107

Item, that corn and malt shall be wholly brought into market, and sold by him who brings the same F 181

1 The words here, ' en la citetS are evidently superfluous.

3 At Graschirche, and before the Friars Minors at Newgate, where the corn was exposed for sale.

* Under the name of 'Upland,' all country places, as distinguished from London, seem to have been known.

4 1'rob.ibly half- past six in the morning.

• The word ' vended ' is evidently an error.

B. iv.;, REGULATIONS FOR CORNDEALERS AND OOU IIS. 603

i, tliat tl: r oi% malt shall be sold l.y tlu- nine bushels tG w.29

1 t«-ni. that no Corndealer or Regrator shall buy corn, or malt, or salt, in tin- City, for iv-sale G 29

It. in, that no Merchant shall buy corn, malt, or salt, at Billyngesgate, or at Queen-Hythe, before that they shall have been exposed for sale for three days after their arrival G 66

Item, that no corn shall be sold at Billyngesgate, or at Queen-Hythe, before that they shall have been exposed for sale for three days after their arrival

Item, that no one shall buy corn, malt, or salt, and leave the same in the hands of the Vendor for re-sale

Item, that no one shall place corn or other victuals in the

i.l :uy L.

G 72

hands either of a Stranger or a Denizen, for the purpose of buying it back again ........

Item, that no Corndealer, or other person, shall buy corn, malt, or salt, coming by water, until the same shall have been at market for three market-days ......

Item, that no one shall bring corn or malt for sale, except upon

market-days G 86

Item, that corn and malt shall be wholly brought to market . G 107 It. in, that no Hosteler shall make any bread, but shall buy it of the

re G 135

H, that corn and malt shall be sold only in full market . G 197 . that no one shall place his own corn, or other victuals, in the hands _rncrs, or others, to buy back the same . G 197

Item, that all corn that comes from the East in boats, as in quantities of one bushel, two, or three, shall ! there be sold . G 206

1 tnn. that no wheat shall be sold to make malt thereof . . 1 •Item, that Brokers and others who buy corn shall not ch lay in making payment unto the Country-folks therefor . . . D 156

in, that Brokers and others who buy com, etc. . .1:

t [commanding] that corn shall not be sold too dear by reason of the

King's arrival, and Ordinance thereon . . . . . £ 157

Corndealers sworn to keep the Markets according to the Ordinance of

. F 66 » At BUlinpgfttc. • SM page 229 onto.

604 REGULATIONS FOR COKNDKALERS AND COKX-Poll I Kll<. tB. iv.

That corn shall be wholly brought to market, and there sold i F foi. 81 That Corndealers shall buy no com in the City, but only in Upe-

lande . F 81

Ordinance as to what the Meters of salt, wholesale and retail, shall take

for meting the same, and for cartage . . . . . . F 164

Item, that no one shall carry corn or malt out of the City, under pain of

forfeiture . . . G 244

Also, of the same . H 15

Writ [enjoining] that no one shall buy or forestal any corn in the

Granary before that the same shall have come to market . . G 255 Item, that no one shall sell corn or malt, except in full market Item, that no one shall place corn or other victuals, by sample,

in the hands of another, to buy back the same

Item, that no one shall sell corn before the bells rung, there-

unto ordained

0 200

Item, that no one shall buy corn, malt, or salt, or other victuals, to leave the same afterwards in the hands of the

Vendors for re-sale . *~

Item, that no one shall carry corn or malt out of the City .

Item, that no Hosteler shall make bread in his house . . G 265

Item, that Porters shall take as they were wont, and not more . F 181

Item, that those who bring corn or malt unto the City, shall bring the

same to the Markets ; that is to say, from the Counties of Cantcbrigge,

Huntyngdone, [and] Bedforde, and from Ware, unto Graschirche ; and those

who come from Barnet and from the West, unto Newgate . . *G 324

Item, that no Denizen shall put his corn into the hands of a

Fol. 820 A.

Foreigner, for sale ; and that no one who shall have bought corn in the market shall leave it in the hands of another for re-sale . G 324

Item, that as to Corndealers who bring corn unto the City for sale, — no one shall sell it by shew or by sample ; and that they shall come unto the markets ; and that no [corn] shall be sold after Prime . Custum. 201

Item, that every vessel and boat that brings corn, shall stand one day for sale unto the commons ....... Custum. 201

Item, that every one shall pay for the corn that he buys of Foreigners ;

1 See also H, foL 114.

D. iv.:

r \TIONS FOR roir

and if he docs not, that the Vendor shall have his recovery by the Sfcf

of Smythfelde L Custuro. w. 201, 219

, that no Regrator of corn, poultry, or fish, shall buy for re-sale before the hour of Prime Custum. 203

Item, that no Monger of corn or of other victuals shall go out of the • < > buy any victuals coming thereunto .... Custum. 203

Item, that no Monger or Regrator shall buy victuals coming unto the . before that the good folks shall have bought thereof . Custum. 203

Item, that no Corn-porter shall sell or measure corn, or shall value corn , before that he shall be required so to do . . . Custum. 204

Divers Presentments, at the Iter, against the Fermors of the Sheriffs, as to the Toll of corn Custum.

There ought to be no Monger of corn except at Queen-Hythe Horn, 256

Item, whosoever shall bring com unto the City, by land or by ' water, shall sell it at the places appointed ....

Item, that corn which is brought unto Queen-Hythe by Strangers, shall be exposed for sale at the hour of Prime, upon view of four reputable men, chosen thereunto ....

Item, that no Stranger shall expose corn for sale, or shall buy by sample ; and that no Foreigner shall sell unto another Foreign ..........

Item, that no Regrator of corn shall buy corn for re-sale

Item, that no one shall avow the corn of a Foreigner .

Item, that no Denizen Corndealer shall stand with a Foreigner, nor shall any Inhabitant place his corn in charge of a Foreigner ..........

Item, that no one shall let his house unto a Baker to share in the gain ....

Item, that no one shall let Bakers have corn on credit .

Item, that no one shall entrust his money unto a Corndealer frequenting the markets in the country, to have a share in his

gain ...........

Also, that there shall be taken for the Metage, Oartage, and Porterage of one quarter of corn from Queen-Hythe, throughout all the Lanes as far at Westchepe, and as far at the church of Saint 'Anton

• « p«g« 912 m*. Not* 1. ><« pig, 2(2 «!*•, Note *

Horn, 333, -4

606

111 ' VLATIONS FOR COJ<M>1AI 1 l^ AM) ( ORN-rOITI I Kv

[B. IT.

and Wolsyesyate, only one halfpenny farthing; and from the said hythe as far as the places named, — as far as Flete, [that is] , Newgate, Crepulgate, Cornhulle, Estehepe, [and] Billyngesgate, one penny ; and from the said hythe as far as the *Bars of the suburbs, one penny farthing. And every Master shall find a quarter, bushel, half [bushel], Strike, and one horse ; and there shall be eight Masters, and every one shall have three Associates, each of whom shall find one horse and seven sacks . . L C foi. 54 Item, that Porters shall take only one farthing for a horse-load

Fol. 320 B.

of flour . . ... . . . . . G 121

Item, that no one shall sell corn or malt except in full market, and not by sample

Item, that no one shall place his own corn, or any other victuals, by sample, in the hands of another, for re-purchase thereof . - • i.

Item, that corn or malt shall not be sold before the bells rung, nor yet by sample, except in full market . . H 15

Item, that no one shall buy corn, malt, or salt, or any other victuals, to leave the same afterwards in the hands of the same Vendor for re-sale in gross or by retail, or for other collusion .

Item, that no one shall buy corn, malt, or salt for re-sale, which has. come by water for sale, before that the same shall have remained openly in full market for three market-days

Item, that no one shall carry corn or malt out of the City, except iii full market

Item, that no one shall place corn, malt, or other victuals, by sample, in the hands of another for sale . .

Item, that no corn shall be sold at Byllyngesgate, Queen- Hythe, or Grascherche, before that the bells shall have rung out which are thereunto ordained

Item, that no one shall sell corn beforehand by sample .

Item, that no one shall buy corn, or other victuals, to leave the same in the hands of the Vendor for re-sale

Item, that no Corndealer, or other, shall buy corn, malt, or salt, for re-sale, which comes by water for sale, until the same shall have remained in market for three market-days . .

n os

1 See page 212, where it is ' Bar ' only.

See page 212 ant*, Note 4.

\M 607

, that no one shall carry corn, malt, or win.-, ral of the without have ....... j J[ f ,.L «>s

lamation tliat those who come witli corn and malt for sale from

tli« Hasten. M.I.-, l.y way of Ware and those porte, shall stand at Gras-

chirehe; and those from, the Western side, as byway of Barnet, shall

l-'riars Minors, and not elsewhere . . . . 11 111

< >nlinaiire as to corn and malt .... H I'M

Pi . -vision made against Dearness of corn . I 1 /

Of]> I ][>08ur(*tBarr'

Sfi/e thereof, together with f/ir lhaulation and Punishment of

1> • <'/.<>• therein ; and of the Articles and Ordinance* of the said JBret&rs.

If a Brewer shall break the Assize, and be convicted thereof, he shall pay, the first time ten shillings, the second time twenty shillings ; and the third time, he shall have the punishment provided therefor, in Weste-

C 113

i it', when convicted, he shall be unwilling to pay, or cannot pay, he shall have the punishment, as abo\( . . . . . C 11-J

That the gallon of ale shall be sold for one halfpenny farthing, and no her price . . . . . . . . . C 1 l!»

Also, th 11 by pottle and quart, marked with the

Seal of the Alderman. . . . . . . . • 0 119

; that the Tun .shall contain one hundred and fifty gallons . C 119 It. ni, that no lirewer .shall keep his door open after Curfew rung, under

half a murk ] '.

Writ lor the Brewers of London, that i itFs shall not unjustly

amerce oo i them . ....... C 4

ilrewer shall keep his door open after Curfew rung at

Saint Martin's, under pain of paying, the first time forty pence, the sceoml

• half a mark, the third tinii twenty shillings ; he shall

forswear the 1 C I I

Also, that Brewers shall not consume the water of the Conduit 1) 1 ! « It. ni, that the gallon of ale shall be sold for one hn

<v, and no more . I > 157

Item, that Brewers shall sell by sealed measure D

608 REGULATIONS FOR BREWERS AND SELLERS OF ALE. [B. IT.

Proclamation that the gallon of ale shall be sold for one penny halfpenny,

and one penny halfpenny farthing, and no more L E f-i. 57

Prohibition of ale being sold upon the Bridge . . . E 108

That no Brewer shall keep his door open after Curfew rung . F 70

Also, of the same . . . E l!' I

Also, that Brewers shall sell by the gallon, pottle, and quart; a gallon of the best for one penny halfpenny : and that if any one shall infringe the same, he shall have imprisonment for three days, and shall pay forty pence at his departure ; on a second occasion, his imprisonment shall be for six days, and he shall pay half a mark ; and on the fourth occasion, he

shall forswear the City F 18

Also, that the quarter of malt shall be sold by the nine bushels F 81 Also, that Brewers shall not consume the water of the Conduit . F 107 Item, that every Brewer shall sell by sealed measure . . F 214 Item, that no Brewer shall keep his door open after, ete. . . F 214 Item, that they shall seU by Sealed measure . . . . G 2, 29

Item, that no Taverner shall keep his door open after, etc. . G 10 Item, that Brewers shall sell the gallon at a certain price . G 29 Item, that a Brewer may sell ale to Regrators . . . G 87 Item, that they shall sell by Sealed measure . . . . G 87

How the gallon of ale shall be sold . . . . . . G 107

That a Brewer shall not keep his door open after Curfew rung at

lBowe G 170

Item, that no one shall sell ale except by Sealed measure . . G 170 Item, that the gallon of ale shall be sold at a certain price . G 176 Item, that no Brewer shall keep his door open after Curfew rung G 196 Item, that no one shall sell ale except by Sealed measure . . G 196 Item, that no Regrator shall buy ale for re-sale . . . G 207 Item, if Brewers shall be attainted of being perjured, or of [using] false measures, they shall be, etc. . . . G 207 Item, that the gallon of ale shall be sold at a certain price . G 244 Item, that no Brewer shall keep his door open after Curfew rung II 14 Item, that ale shall be sold at a certain price . G 259

Item, that no Huckster shall buy ale for re-sale . . . Q

1 Tha Church of St Mary le Bow, in Cheapside.

- FOR BREWERS AJCD SELLERS OF *

000

. that no Hosteler shall sell ale except unto bis Guests tG ft* 259 i, that no Huckster shall sell ale .... G 255

'.' \ i/e of Ale . - . . . Custum. '65

Punishment of Brewers and others breaking the Assize . Custum. '65 That no Sheriff shall take fine of a Brewster . . . Custum. 202 n, that Brewers shall sell by sealed measure, and that the tun shall contain 150 gallons; and that they shall carry their measures unto the house of tin* Alderman four times in the year; and shall give for [marking] the gallon two pence, the pottle one penny, the quart one half- penny, and the bushel one penny ..... Custum. 202

•i, that no Brewer shall keep his door open after Curfew rung ........... Custum. 205

1 in, that no Brewer shall keep his door open, etc. . . Custum. 217 Item, that the Assize of Ale shall be observed . . . Custum. 219

The Assize of Ale Horn, Ul

Writ for making Proclamation as to the Sale of Ale . . E 58 Penalty ordained for Brewers who sell against the Assize . . G 165 That Brewers shall sell ale only by sealed measure . . F 1G1

Item, that no Kegrator or Regratress shall sell ale, or keep door open after the proper time .... . . G 29

Writ against the Brewers F 150

Proclamation as to the Sule and against the Regrators oi

ale G 41

Brewers chosen to serve his lordship the King with ale . . G 55

That the gallon of best ale shall be sold for one ponny halfpenny, and

the other for one penny the gallon . . . . . .1111

That no Huckster shall buy ale for rc-sul t'.u-f.-iture «>f »H

H 15

Ordinance as to the Sale ot Al« • ; and Ale-oonnera elected in each

War.l • H 71

Ordinance that every Brewer who brews five quarters of malt, or leas,

per week, shall j,a\ uce on e ult l.»und ; and that he who

brews more than that quantity, shall pay 6s. 8d. . H 107

That those who bring malt for sale through Ware and other placet on tho

foL 105.

R R

REGULATIONS FOR IUKERS AND Tin III SKRVANTS. [B.ir.

Eastern side, shall stand at Grascherchc ; and those through Barnot and

those parts, at the Friars Minors i. II foi 1 1 I

Ordinance as to Brewers and Hucksters II 164

Ordinance as to Brewers . II 144

Fol. 822 B.

That Hostelers and Brewers shall sell ale by full measure, and

not by the ^anap H 156

Ordinance as to Brewers and Hucksters H 164

Ordinance as to Brewers I 51

Ordinance for the Sealing of Brewers' Barrels . . I 66

Of Bakers and their Servants ; White Bread and Tourtc, the Assay,

Fol, 331 A*

Assize, Weight, and Price thereof; [and of~\ the Government and Chastisement of the same.

"Writ for the Punishment of Bakers, Brewers, and Millers . A 127 That two loaves shall be made for one penny, and four for one N

penny ; and the loaf shall not be coated with bran, or made of

bran ...........

That Bakers shall not sell bread before the oven, but in

market ; and if any one shall do so, he shall be amerced, and

the Buyer shall lose the loaf . «

That each Baker shall have his own Seal

) A 129

That each Alderman shall have [the impression of] such S< ,il in his custody .........

That no Baker of white bread shall make tourte bread, or the converse . ;

That a Baker shall not buy corn for re-sale ....

Also, that the Hurdles upon which the Bakers were drawn, shall l>e abolished ; and that from henceforth Bakers shall have the punishment of the Pillory . ];

A certain Baker abjured his trade, because he had been thrice drawn [on the Hurdle] D 190

The Manner and Rule for making the Assay of Bread . . C 1 »

The weight of * demesne bread, market bread, and French bread I Inn

1 Muga or cups with handles, much used * See page 905 nnff, N<»te G. by the ale-sellers of former times.

RFX,

Writ of tho King [enjoining] that th«- Assize of Bread shall l>o

observed . . L D iw.113

:s shall no! r lm-;nl or in the

house, hut in market ......... 1) 1 •"»''>

, that the Sheriffs shall take no fine from Bakers, or from I sters ; but they slui 11 liave corporal punishment . D !•">»>

Composition for Punishment of those who infringe the Assize of Bread

and Ale Horn, KM

, that the bread of a Foreign Baker shall be forfeited . . B 53 'Also, that if a Baker conceals himself, and cannot be found, in such case his bread shall be taken, and weighed at the Guildhall ; and if tho Uaker shall have made default in such bread, he shall still have punish- ment inflicted afterwards E 5

A certain Baker forswore his trade, and, because he afterwards followed it,

lie had an imprisonment of thirteen days E 105

Item, that no one shall let his house unto a Baker, to have a share in tho profits of tho oven ; and that no one shall let a bakehouse unto a Baker for letting him have corn upon credit, in order to havo a certain profit upon

such corn when baked E 44

Also, that Bakers shall not carry a sword, club, etc., for making

Affray ... E 99

Ordinance as t< ami their Servants ... 1

>o, Ordinance of the Bakers ..... ll«»n»f 265 Note, Punishment of the Hurdle inflicted on tho Foreign Bakers of

I'

Also, of the same . D 181,

The Assize of Bread Gust inn.

Punishment of those who infringe tho Assize of Bread, and

. Gustum. 65

Petition of the Bakers for making the new Assay . . hill

in, tli.n no Maker shall sell bread before his oven, l>nt in mai

. . . Custuin. 202

Item, that each Baker shall have his mark; and no Baker of white bread shall make tourte bread, or tho eoBTwrsc < nn. 202

>ttif.

R R 2

612

REGULATIONS FOR BAKERS AND THEIR SERVANTS.

[B.iv.

Item, that no Baker shall buy corn for re- sale

Item, that no- Baker who makes tourte bread shall

1? -i oq 1 _

sell his flour to a Cook, or to other persons Item, that their bread shall be taken once every month Item, that no Sheriff shall take fine from a Baker or Brewster Item, if default shall be found in bread, the first time, let the Baker be drawn with the loaf hanging from his neck ; the second time, let him be drawn and set upon the Pillory ; and

) L Custum. foi. 202

the third time, let him be drawn, and his oven pulled down,

and let him forswear the trade within the City

Item, that unto a Regratress there shall be allowed thirteen

loaves for twelve ; and that the Baker shall not receive back

the bread from them when cold » . ...

Item, if default shall be found in Foreign Bakers, let all their

bread be forfeited unto the use of the Sheriffs ; and they are

not to put their bread in shops or in selds . . . .,

Articles to be mentioned to the Bakers at their Hallmote Custum. 212 That wastel and French bread shall be of like price . . . G 207 The manner of the Assay of Bread . . . . . . Custum. 210

Item, that the Assize of Bread shall be kept; and the Punishment of a

Baker of false bread . . Custum. 219

Petition of the Bakers, and Divers "Writs as to them . Custum. 249 The. Assize of Bread ...... . . . . Horn, 121

The Profit of the Baker . ~. /. ,v; . . . Horn, 121 The Assay of Bread in London . . .... . . Horn, 234

A certain Servant of a Baker received charge of a Bakehouse . H 61 That no Regrator shall buy bread in Suthwerk . . . A 129 That wastel and French bread shall be of like price . . . G 207 The Articles which ought to be repeated unto the Bakers Horn, 226 Item, that a quarter of bran shall be sold according to the price of

a bushel of wheat t- "... ..' J.v F 182

Item, how bran shall be sold . . . . . . G 107

That Bakers shall instruct their servants twice a year how to bolt and

how to knead their dough . fi; . . . . . . 11 !'»;

That no one shall follow such trade if he does not understand the same .

II 96

.

I y shall 11 ; \ca at four for the penm

»f the best bolting ........

Item, that tin \ shall not make their dough with spring water I in, that they shall not buy bad corn, for mixing with good

I- in, that they shall sell unto the Hucksters only thirteen

s as twelve, without gift or other 1curtesy

Item, that a Tourte-baker shall not have a bolter, nor make \ L H fot 96 white bread ..........

Item, that bread of the worst leaven shall be made of sieved flour

Item, that horse-bread shall be made only of beans and peas,

without other mixture ........

Also, another Ordinance of the same, immediately following And hereupon, a Bill was sent unto each Alderman, [com- manding] him to make enquiry as to them and other Myste

Item, that Bakers shall make such bread as is ordained by t ami Aldermen, and shall bo obedient unto the Surveyor thereunto

II 97

Item, that no one shall mix bad corn with good corn . . H 97 Item, that no Baker shall prevent the Servants of the good folks •_; present at the kneading of their dough . . . . I[ 97

Also, of Bakers .... ... H 144

Also, of Bakers ... 1 1

Fol. 33-i

Of I T "Iraicer*, ami ihc Frier of Wines: of

Gauging, of Unsound Wim* N , [r/W] of

Snj)erw8ion and Fo> / t of Tarcrncrt, and

all • // Craft.

six pence shall be taken for the Brokerage of one tun of

V 1-J?

Item, that no Taverner shall keep hia door open after Curfew rung, ».

laity of half amark . \\ 33

Also, of the same . 0 15

1 See page 232 ante, Note 3.

614 REGULATION'S FOR VINTNERS, WIKEDRAWEKS, ETC. t»- lv-

Also, that Winedrawers shall take no more than two pence for drawing one tun from the boat on to the Quay, and from thence unto the cellar upon the Quay ; and from the boat unto a cellar in any Lane upon the Thames, two pence halfpenny ; and from the boat unto a cellar in the Street of Thamisestrete, in the Parish of Saint Martin, and elsewhere in the neigh- bourhood, three pence ; and from the boat unto a cellar in a Lane running into the aforesaid Street of Thamisestrete, four pence ; and from the boat unto a cellar in the 1 Ropery, six pence; and from the boat unto Lanes without the "Walls, as far as the 2Bars> ten pence ; and for the cartage of one tun or two pipes, in a strange cart, four pence. And that thero shall be always ready for landing a tun, twelve Associates at the

least . L C foi 69

Writ against the Taverners as to Putrid Wines . . . D 113

Ordinance as to the Sale of Wines D 117

Item, that Taverners shall sell by sealed measure . . . D 157 Item, that Taverners shall not keep their doors open after Curfew

rung . . . • » • El

Also, of the same E 194

Of the Sale of Wines D 117

Item, that Taverners shall sell by sealed measure . . . D 157 Writ for the Chastisement of Vintners and Taverners . . F 13 Writ as to having view where wines are drawn . . . F 62 Ordinance as to having view where wines are drawn . . F 63 That no Taverner shall keep his door open after Curfew rung . F 70 That no Taverner shall mix corrupt wine with good wine . . F 70 Writ [commanding] that wines shall be gauged . . . F 78 That no Prisage shall be made of the wines of Citizens . » F 104 That every one may see where his wine is drawn, and from what

Tessel F 181

Item, that they shall sell by sealed measure . . . . F 181 Item, that Taverners shall sell by sealed measure . . . F 181 Item, that no Taverner shall have a cloth hung before the door of his

cellar .... F 214

Writ [commanding] that Vintners shall not mix new wines with old ... G 1

1 See page 212 ante, Note 2. ._' 1 •_''-, Note 3.

B.IT.] 1UK \ IMM KX,

AVrit [commanding] that wines shall not be sold before they are

gauged tG w 1

Item, that no Tuverner shall kerp his door open after Curfew

in, how the gallon of. wine shall be sold ....

Item, that those who have sweet wine shall have no other

G 2

wine in the same tavern ........

Item, that no one shall sell except by sealed measure

Item, that no Taverner shall refuse to let any one see his wine drawn, or shall have cloths before his door ....

Item, that no Taverner shall keep his door open after Curfew rung . ... .... G 10

Item, that Taverners shall have nothing before the doors of their

cellars G 29

L that they shall not sell sweet wine by false mea- sure G 29

Item, that no one shall sell wine except by sealed measure . G 29

Item, that no one shall sell one wine for another . . . G 72

Item, that no one shall go unto la ^ole, or elsewhere, to meet wines for buying them ( i

Item, that Taverners shall sell by sealed measure, and not by the 'cruskyn G 87

Item, that no Ta ^hall put Rhenish wine and White wine in a ri-llar together G 87

\\iitastoVintners G 139

It- in, that three Vintners shall be sworn each year, to set a price upon uine G 1 17

Writ as to Sweet "Wince, that t ins [thereof] shall be in the

hands of the Mayor ... . G 157

I trin, that no Taverner shall keep his door open after Cn

rung. G 176

that no one shall sell wine except by sealed measure . G 17''.

Vintners sworn for making Examination of wines, and Porters chosen for wines E 94

» The Pool of thtThftmw; ace i»ge 230 ante. » Or mull drinking-cup.

616 REGULATIONS FOR VINTNERS, i [B. iv.

Writ commanding obedience unto John Pecche, for making Scrutiny of

sweet wines . . . . . . ... L G fok 314

"Writ as to the same John, and Price of sweet wines . . G 312 Item, that Taverners shall not keep their doors open after Curfew

rung , ....... . ... . . . G 196

Item, that no one shall sell wine except by sealed measure, and not by

the 'cruse . .. ... , + + , . . . G 196

Item, that corrupt wine shall be condemned ... . G 196

Item, that new wines shall not be put in cellars with old wines G 260 Item, that White wine of Gascoigne, of la Rochele, of Spain, or other

place, shall not be put in cellars with Rhenish wines . . . G 260 Writ as to not selling wines elsewhere than at the Quays, where they

have been wont to be gauged, or before they have been gauged . G 264 Item, that no one shall sell any manner of wine for more than two pence

[the quart] . .. : ,*:, . <. . , .... 4 ;: , . . . G 295 Proclamation as to the Sale of Wine t * . . . G 306

Item, that no one shall go unto la Pole, or elsewhere in the Thames, to

buy wines or other merchandize -k*.' -;,*.. . .» . Custum. 201 Item, that no Taverner shall keep his door open after Curfew rung

. .-/• . . ^ . f , ...... . . . ... . Custum. 205

Also, of the same . 4.; ; + ;. J ... .';' ,\> * • • Custum. 217

Item, that the Assize of Wine shall be kept , . • . . . Custum. 219 That Brokers of Wine shall take three pence for the tun . . 2 Ordinance as to the Price of Wine, and that persons may see their wine

drawn, under pain of paying half a mark .... . . . G 103

Account of the Mayor and Sheriffs as to forfeited wines . . G 35 That no wines shall be sold upon the water, [or] before that they

have been put on land [and] into the cellar ... . G 223 Articles of the Vintners .... . • . . • . • . G .' 1 ; Proclamation that corrupt wines shall be forfeited . . . G 244 Item, after the arrival of new wine, none shall be sold before that the old

has been disposed of ... . , . t*. . . . . . . G 244

Item, that no white Wine of Gascoigne, of la Rochele, or Spain,

1 The same, probably, as the ' cruskyn ' * The reference is omitted, above-mentioned.

B.IT.] ! RS, ETC. G17

or of any other country, shall bo stowed in cellars with Rhenish

wines iG foi .

i, that Rhenish wine, and all other wine, shall be sold by sealed

measure (•

Also, of the same . H 15

FoL 888 B.

Item, that the doors of taverns shall be open, that so each may

see his wine drawn, under a penalty of forty pence . . .ill Item, that no one. shall carry wines Eastward, if he does not find sufficient

surety that he will carry them unto, a Port within the realm . H 1 Item, that no one shall go unto la Pole, or elsewhere, to forestal

wines G 259

Also, of the same ........ Custom. 201

And in Book H 14

That White wine shall not be sold for Rhenish wine . . G 207

Item, the Price of Wine proclaimed G 107

Brokers of wines sworn . . . . . . . . C 66

Also, of the same I » 144

Divers men elected for making Scrutiny of wines . . . C 70 Writ [commanding] that the gallon of wine shall bo sold for three

I*mv E 30

A certain Taverner was attached because he sold wine dearer than

according to Proclamation . . E 57

it ion of the Vintners made unto the Council of his lordship the

Kin- E Hi)

Writ [commanding] that wines shall be gauged before they are exposed

for sale (.

t as to the Office of Gauger of wines F 112

t [commanding] that wines shall be sold at a certain price G 30 That wines shipped in Gascoigne shall be brought into England G 1 1

The Price of wines assessed G 56

Writ as to Gauging wines, and [commanding] that they shall be sold at

tain price G 78

Proclamation as to the Sale of wines G 93

How wines ought to be sold, — at what price . . . . G 98

1 This folio is wanting.

618 REGULATIONS FOR VINTXKRS, ETC. tB. IT.

Writ [commanding] that sweet wines shall not be sold within the

City uGfoi.172

Writ for setting a Price upon wines . . . . . G 178 Writ [commanding] that wines and oil shall not be sold before they

have been gauged G 188

Writ as to Gauging wines G 204

Vintners put on surety that they will sell wine at a reasonable

price G 201

The Price of Rhenish wine . , G 238

That no Ale-stake of a Taverner shall exceed seven feet in

length H 22

Proclamation as to the Price on sale of wines . . . . H 35 Wines unsound and putrid adjudged to be thrown away . . H 72 Ordinance as to the Sale of wines, and as to Taverners ; and Proclama- tion thereupon . . »• H 73

That Rhenish wines shall not be sold dearer than eight pence [per gallon] ; and Red wine at six pence ; 1Vernage at two shillings ; 2Malvezie at sixteen pence ; Crete and 3Provence at twelve pence ; and that by sealed measure, under the penalty enacted . . . . . . H 97

Ordinance as to the Price of wines ... . . . . II 97

Item, that corrupt wine shall be condemned . . . . II 98

Item, that White wine of Gascoigne, Rochele, of Spain, or of any other

country, shall not be in cellars where Rhenish wine is for sale . H 98

Item, that no one shall go unto la *Pole, or elsewhere, to

meet wines coming unto the City, to make bargain for the same,

until they shall have arrived at the Quays, [and] after being discharged or

put on land . . . . w • II 98

Ordinance as to Winedrawers II 302

Pardon granted unto the Vintners by his lordship the King . II 217

Writ as to the Gauging of Red or other wines. . . I 78

Also, that no one shall expose for sale wines counterfeit or mixed,

made by himself or by another, under pain of being set upon the Pillory

I 227

1 Red wine of Vernaccia, in Tuscany. • Probably the modern Roussillon.

1 Or Malmsey, a Greek wine, 4 The Pool of the Thames.

- FOB BUTCHERS, ETC.

Judgment of Pillory fur u false wine, called 1Romeney, in the same folio [ L I w. 227]

Of Butchery their Place* and Stalls; and of the Sale of their Flesh, and the places for the Slaughtering of A initials; of the Hides of such Animals t and the Places for burying the Entrails ; and of other [matters as to~\ Punishments and Chastisements for their Defaults.

That Butchers shall sell flesh-meat as they were wont, and that they will not "harbour flesh A 130

Item, that Strange Butchers shall bring their hides and pelts of each beast, under pain of losing the value of such hide or pelt ; that is to say, for the hide of an ox, 2s. 6d. ; of a cow, two shillings ; the pelt of a mutton, without wool, one penny halfpenny; [the hide] of a calf, one penny halfpenny ; and then he shall sell until Noon by retail, and after Noon in gross, until Vespers [rung] at Saint Paul's ; so that by then he shall have sold all, without carrying anything away, salting, or storing it, under pain of forfeiture A 130

That the carcase of the best ox shall bo sold for a mark ; of the best cow for ten shillings ; the carcase of the best pig, four shillings ; of the beet mutton, two shillings ; the best capon, four pence ; the best hen, three pence ; the best rabbit, with the skin, five pence, and without the skin, four pence; one hundred eggs, at 120 [to the hundred], eight pence; a partridge, three pence ; a plover, two pence ; eight larks, one penny ; one thousand red herrings, six shillings ; the best stockfish, one penny half- penny ; a cod six pence : and if any person shall sell contrary hereto, ho shall be committed to prison C 38

Item, if any person shall withdraw himself by reason of this Ordinance, he shall lose his freedom, and forswear his trade . . . . C 38

Ordinance mudo as to the Streets at the Stokke* . . . D 145

'That Butchers shall not withhold t!,< ir payment from the Country- folks, for the beasts which they buy . . . D 166

That Si i. in--, liutchers shall bring their hides with their flesh . D 155 • utchers shall sell their pelts and hides in market . D 158

• A superior kind of Mata* or MafanMy. » See page 230 ante.

3 /. «•. stow it away iii their !

620 REGULATIONS FOR BUTCH E US, ETC. CB. IT.

Ordinance that flesh-meat shall be sold at the Stokkes . tE fd. 146

Grant by the Mayor of a certain place unto the Butchers of 1>- chepe E 148

Writing by the Mayor as to the house called ' le Stokkes ' . K 1 ~»

Confirmation by the City as to the house called ' le Stokkes ' . E 152

Ordinance as to the Conservancy of the same, under penalty of half a mark E 159

Confirmation by the King as to the same house . . . E 153

Ordinance made for the Butchers of 1Stokkis

That no Foreigner shall sell by retail *

That no 'one shall take the Servant of another

That those who have the freedom shall dwell in the City and } E 218 the Suburbs thereof ........

That whosoever shall act to the contrary of any of the points aforesaid, shall pay unto the Chamber forty shillings

Ordinance as to the Place at the Stokkis, and Commission unto the Wardens of the Bridge thereon . . . . . . E J I N

Commission made unto the Butchers of Saint Nicholas as to a piece of land in 2Secollane •-•-.* .... . . . . F 67

Divers Writs for the Butchers of Saint Nicholas, as to having a Bridge near the Friars Preachers . . • » . . . . . G 36

Ordinance made as between the Fishmongers and Butchers at the Stokkes . . t 1. -' • i • G 91

Writ [commanding] that the entrails or other filth of the Butchers of Saint Nicholas shall not be carried to the Thames . . . G 246

Proclamation as to the slaughtering of large beasts without the City G 281 Item, that Strange Butchers shall bring their hides with the

F*oL 335 A.

flesh, and shall then sell by retail, etc. . . Custum. 204

Item, that no Butchers shall sell woolfels, so long as the animals are

alive • . . -i » •' . . . . Custum. 206

Item, that no Butchers shall sell tallow or lard, to be carried beyond

sea . .-.^- ... .....•.-;. . . . Custum. 206

Item, that Butchers who buy beasts of Foreigners, shall pay for them ;

1 Stocks Market, at the east end of the * Seacoal Lane, near the Fleet River. Poultry.

B.IT.) .RBERS, WRITERS OF COVRT-IIAND, AND IM.rMINATORS.

or < the 1Creditore shall have their recover)- by the Statute of

. L Custum. B»L 201

Div«r> Wi its whereby beasts are act at a certain price . . E 30 Butchers sworn to oversee their V .... K

Ordinance of the Butchers ...... Horn, 265

That no one shall sell a lamb at a higher price than six pence ; and that

no one shall go out of the City to buy lambs . . . .IF

i tdicrs shall close their shops before candle-light, and shall

not sell flesh-meat by light of candle H 97

Also, Ordinance of the Butchers . . . . . . II 59

Of Barbers, and their Ordinances. FoL s* «.

Ordinances of the Barbers ... . . . C 96

Also, Ordinance of the Barbers G 61

That the Barbers shall not place blood in their windows . . D 157 Also, another 20rdinance thereon, — in a certain Chapter beginning ' That

no swine/ et< . . . . . . . . Custum. 203

Ordinance ol lx?rs II 27

Ordinance that the Barbers shall not work or keep their shops op<

Sundays 1 1J"»

Also, Ordinance of t ore I 04

Ordinance made upon a Scrutiny of the Barbers . . . I 11"

Or / the Writers of Court-hand, and of If/unu'tMtors.

Ordina: rit ere and Illuminators . . . . G 61

Articles of the Writers of Court-hand . . . . G 307

^inent of Pillory for a certain false and c< • Letter . H 65

•I udgment of Pillory for a certain forged •Obligation . . H 54 Also, a like Judgment for a certain false and counterfeit Letter

H 125,139

.Jinlu'in. -nt ui I'illory for making and writing a certain false Deed H 259 Also, Judgment for a certain false <> i . . . .1 113 Ordinance ot liters and Li unu-re

given M ' Debtor*,' in the • See page 236 «•**

• ". I- ftft

G22

POULTERERS, COOKS, AND VICIT ALI.F.KS.

[B. iv.

Fol. 330 A.

Of Poulterers and the Price of Poultry ; of Cooks, Puztclers, and Victuallers.

Statute as to Poultry, and the Price of all kinds of poultry and of all kinds of fish L C IM. 82

Also, the Price of Poultry C 38

Divers Writs whereby beasts and poultry are set at a certain price E 30

That Strange Poulterers shall sell at Ledenhalle .

Item, that no Denizen Poulterer shall come there to buy or to sefl

Item, that no Cook, or Regrator, shall buy any Poultry before Prime rung at Saint Paul's

Also, that no Poulterer of the City shall sell any poultry on the East Side of the Tun on Cornhulle .....

Also, that a Foreign Poulterer shall sell from Latins until Prime unto the reputable men of the town, and after that unto Cooks and Regrators • • • •

Item, that no Poulterer or Rcgrator shall forestal merchandize coming

F 102

into the City

Item, that no Denizen Poulterer shall stand at Ledenhalle among Foreign Poulterers, but [they shall stand] in their own houses, adjoining the church of Saint Michael on Cornhulle

Item, that no Denizen Poulterers, themselves, or by their Servants, shall buy poultry of Strangers before the hour of Prime ••

Item, that no Foreign Poulterer shall bring poultry into the house of a Denizen Poulterer . • • • - •

Item, that no one shall go to meet poultry, to forestal the same •

Item, how geese, capons, game, and beef and mutton, shall be sold . •...«•••

Item, that no Victualler shall conceal his victuals

Item, that no Victualler shall keep his victuals until they become spoiled ...*.-

G 29

G 72

G 108

1 The Canonical hour of

B. IT.J

! ERS.

:i, that Victuals shall be sold at a reasonable price . i.('i M 17<i ;, that no one shall go to fon-:;l victuals coming unto the

. G 196

in, that no Deni/eii Poulterer shall stand at Ledon- halle

i, that Foreign Poulterers who enter by Newgate nn<l Aldriehesgate, shall sell upon the Pavement before

i-s Minors

Item, that Denizen Poulterers shall stand before the Church of Saint Nicholas Flesh-Shambles

i, that no Denizen Poulterer shall buy of a Foreign

[Poulterer] before Prime rung .....

Item, that no one shall expose corrupt poultry for sale .

Item, that no Foreign Poulterer shall bring or harbour

his poultry in the house of a Deni ....

i, that no one shall go to forestal poultry coming

unto the City

Also, of the same II 15

i, that Boats which bring lambs unto Saint Botulvcswharf shall discharge there ......... G 207

i, that Boats which bring potty victuals for sale, coming from the

G 11'.

East, shall discharge there .

i, that n M Poulterer shall stand at Ledcnhal.

within a house or without ......

I MI. that Denizen Poulterers shall be before the Church of Saint Nicholas .......

at no Dciii/cn IN.ult.-ivr shall buy of a Foreign ......

ii, that no Foreign Poulterer shall harbour his poultry in thohouse of a Deni/en I'nultoror . .

ii, that n«» Poulterer shall sell any poultry beyond the by the Mayor thereon ordained ....

Proclamation of the Trice of Poultry Also, in Book .

t no Regrator shall buy victuals before the hour of lYim. '.try and other things

G 207

r, i. HI ,1 G 260

M

the 38

624 FR1PPERERS, TIIKin M.YKKr.TS AND OKIHN AN< i:s. [B.nr.

That no Regrator of fish or of Poultry shall buy before Prime

rung, etc. . . . . . . . . . i.D f«»i- U51

Writ of the King as to Forestalled ..... F 171

Poulterers elected to inspect poultry . . . . . E 01

A certain Man committed to Prison because he forestalled poultry 2E 98 Item, that no Foreign Poulterer shall sell poultry otherwise than openly,

and in the places thereunto assigned ...... H 16

Ordinance as to the Sale of Poultry, and the Price thereof . 8H 99 Ordinance of the Brokers of 4Poultry ..... G 164

Item, that no Cook shall take more than one penny for putting a capon

in a crust ........... F 182

Item, that a Cook shall not take more than one penny for putting a

capon or a rabbit in a crust ...... G 108

Ordinance of the 6Pastelers ..... H 114, -7

Of Frippercra, and their Markets and Ordinances: and of

F 01.837 A. -,

Evecheptfngges.

That there shall be no Market upon London Bridge . . A 130 That the Market at 6Soperslane, that is called ' 7Evechepyng,' shall be

abolished ... . B 30

That there shall be no Market in Chepe, or on Cornhul, after Curfew

rung at Saint Paul's D8152

That there shall be no Market upon London Bridge . . D 9153 Item, that 10Fripperers shall not hold market, except between sun-rise

and Noon ; and that their Markets shall not be held after Vespers rung at

Saint Thomas of Aeon E 130

Inquisition thereon E 130

Commission to the Mayor and Sheriffs thereon . . . E 131 Execution thereof E 131

1 See D, foL 157. 6 On the site of the present Queen -

* See F, foL 177. in Cheapside.

» See I, foL 100. 7 'Evening Market.'

4 The transcriber has mistaken pettetrice, • See D, foL 1 ."• .">.

of 'peltry,' or 'skins,' for puUetriae, 'of » See D, foL 157.

poultry.' lfl Or Phelipers :

* Cooks, or makers of pies. wise old clothes and furnitui. .

B. IY.J

FRIPPKRF.U.S \ . !K MARKETS.

I n< 1 motion against the Frippercrs, and how they made fine unto the

. I j 132

, that Frii»i>erers who buy nl«l ( lothes with budge or fur, shall sell the same as they buy tlu-in ....

It. in, that no one shall have such clothes dubbed or fulled, and sell them for new

Item, that he who sells and buys such clothes, shall not meddle with new clothes .......

in, that no one shall be rebellious against the Warden of his Mystery

Proclamation that the Market of Evechepyng upon Cornhul shall not bo ln-M after sunset G 230

Prohibition of the Market at Cornhulle after the hour of Vespers

. Custum. 261

That no Market shall be held upon London Bridge, or elsewhere, but in tin places thereunto assigned Custum. *303

That no Market shall be held after Noon in the Street of Chq»- elsewhere . . . . . . . . . . .1) 105

That ii«. • pots, pans, and other utensils, shall be 1 where than at Cornhullo !

Fripperers elected and sworn to oversee their Mystery . G 88

Ordinance as to Evcchepinges at Westchepe and Cornhulle . 1 1

Ordinance* of the Mytfrry of Pcltcrcrs; ami «f /V* <m<l

Item, that Pelterers shall not make up sets of Furs of leas than sixty skins ; so that the same be of six tiers in length, of one workmanship, and imt int. nningled, new with old ....

Also, of the same . . Don,

Item, that Curriers shall take, for a thousand of "Grey-work. ti\o shillings ; for'Stranlyng, Polayne, and all Black- work, 5s. 6d. ; for Itoskyn, 4s. 6d. ; for one hundred Coney-skins of England, twelve pence ; for one

1 The nulling of Grey-work, PoUyne, and Roakyn, U giren in U» Notts to page

• The akin of the squirrel between MicaM*. us and winter.

626 SKINNERS, Fnnur.us, AND CTIUIIERS.

hundred Coney-skins of Spain, eight pence ; for one hundred 'Scrympyns,

seven pence; and no more ....... i.C f«>i 00

That no one shall cause his Furs to be scoured in the high Streets in the

day-time D 108

That Pelterers shall make their Furs of Assize, as ' their Charter

purports ........... F 181

Item, that Pelterers shall make their Furs of Assize, according to the

ancient custom .......... G 107

Ordinance of the Pelterers . . . . . . . G 162

Forfeiture of Furs G 262

Item, that Pelterers shall make up no set of Furs of less than fifty skins,

and that of six tiers in length, and each by itself; and shall not intenniagfa

old with new Custum. 206

Item, that no Pelterer shall make up sets of Furs of Peltry of less than

sixty skins ; so that the same be of six tiers in length ; and that he shall

not intermingle old with new . . . . . . . D 106

Agreement between the Fishmongers and the Pelterers . . F 79

Ordinance of the Brokers of 2Peltry G 164

Ordinance as to what 8Tawyers shall receive from Pelterers for their

labour „.."...,'.. G 164

Charter of the Pelterers E 183

Ordinance of the Curriers for the Pelterers . . . Horn, 208 Fines of the Pelterers for False Furs G 169

Of Harbouring Guests, [and] of Hostelers ; of Hay, Horsebrcml,

Fol. 338 A.

and Oats.

That no person shall harbour another beyond one night, unless he shall be willing to make answer for him . . . . . .A 129

Also, that no one shall be in the Ward beyond one day and one night, unless he be in frank- pledge, or unless his Host shall be willing to niakr answer for him .......... A 129

Also, that no Broker shall take Merchant-strangers out of the City to

1 A fur evidently inferior to the worst try. ' See page 624 antr, Note 4. rabbit- skins. 3 Or Curriers.

2 Incorrectly written /»///<///". 'of j>oul-

UK) -1111:111 '-' ! VTS.

shall l)ii v any n to his own use, or lx

Host of Strangers; nor shall any Stranger be Host of other Mi-ivhant- rs . « ........

Prohibition to the effect that Portuguese shall not keep Hostel, but shall 1 by Freemen ........ ('

Also, the same as to the Teutonics ...... C 45

Livery of Hostels made for the Coronation . . . . C ^3

That no Stranger shall keep ^lostel or Herbergerie . . D 8153 In the Charter of Edward, made unto the < is contained,

Common Hostelers, although they be not Freemen, shall bear the charge*

< I the City .......... E 90

I n the Charter of Henry the Third it is contained, that no one shall take

lodging within the City, [or] in the Porteokene . . . . E 1 10 Also, that Strangers shall not harbour hay, or sell it by the 'hotel, but

[only] by the boat-load and otherwise in gross . . . .El

1 1< ni, tliat « very Hosteler shall warn his Guests not to carry arms K Item, that no one shall be received if he be not of good repute . E 194 Also, of the same ....... . F 70

Item, that Hostelers shall be good and sufficient persons . . F 182 Also, of the same ......... 0100

Item, that no one shall go armed, or carry arms ; and that Hostelers

shall warn th.ii Guests thereof ...... G 10, 11

Item, that every Hosteler shall take the arms of his Guest, and shall ...... G 10, 11

Item, that every Hosteler and Herbergeour shall warn his Guests that

tin v go not wandering about after CurlV-w rung, or carry arms . G 29 Item, that no one shall harbour any one beyond a day and a night, .'

be not willing to make answer for him . . . . G 72

, that no Hosteler shall make bread, but shall buy it oi rs ..... . G 135

Item, that they shall buy oats and hay at a reasonable price . G 135 Item, that they shall not harbour any one, if they be not willing to

make an s im • • . G 135

vires in the eTprearion, 'To look for a n«edlg inahttfeof hay.1 3 Or Urge bundle ; a word that stUl •

II 8 2

628 HOSTELERS AND IIF.RHF.KGEOURS, AND THEIR GUESTS. CB.iv.

Also, of the same . . . . . . . . i. II foi. 15

Item, that the Constables and Bedel shall have power to search Ili-rluT-

geours and Hostelers, [to see] that they sell no victuals in their host-

and that Brewsters shall not sell against the Assize . . . G 165

Item, that Hostelers shall warn their Guests that they come in good

time unto their hostels .... .... C 96

{The same] G 176

Also, of the same . . . . . . . . . H 14

Item, that no person shall harbour any one beyond one night, if he does not wish to make answer for him ...... G 196

Also, of the same ......... G 259

Item, if Hostelers shall be attainted of being perjured, or of [having] false measures, they shall have the punishment thereon

ordained G 207

Item, that no Hosteler shall take for hay for one horse, a night and a day, more than two pence halfpenny ; and for a bushel of oats eight pence ; and that no Hosteler shall sell ale except unto his Guests . . G 265 Item, that no person shall harbour another beyond a day and a night, if he will not make answer for him; and that no one shall remain in any Ward beyond a day and a night, if he be not in frank- pledge * Custum. 202

Item, that Strangers from beyond sea shall not be Hostelers or Brokers, if they be not Freemen ; and then, they shall dwell in the heart of tho

City Custum. 218

Item, that no Broker shall be the Hosteler of a Merchant who trades in

the merchandize of which he is Broker .... Custum. 218

That persons from beyond sea shall not be resident as Hostelers or

Herbergeours within the City, if they be not free . . . C 16

That no one shall be Herbergeour, Broker, or Hosteler, if he be not

sworn before the Mayor ; and if any such shall be found at the end of one

month after this Proclamation, he shall for ever be not admissible to the

freedom, and nevertheless shall be adjudged to be imprisoned . C 16

That no Hosteler shall harbour any person who is of ill fame beyond a

night and a day, under penalty of forty shillings . . . F 105

That no Alien who is admitted to the freedom shall keep Hostelry upon

the water-side, but in tho middle of the City . . . fustum. 203

B. iv.]

DRAPERS, WEAVERS, WEBSTERS, DYERS, ETC.

It. in, that no Stranger shall keep Hostelry, or [receive] persons to his

tal.lc, except his own household iG fat 298

Also, the Price of hay and oats 1 1 1

Also, of the same . . H '.'s

Item, that no Hosteler shall make horse-bread in his house . II It; Also, Ordinance as to Hostelers and their Guests, in Book H 33, 84

And in H 98

Also, the Price of hay and oats . . . . . H 35

Of Drapers, Weavers and Websters, English and Foreign, Fullers, lFrisers, *Tonsers, and *Tapisers; and of Linen-Drapers ami l Canvas.

That no one shall cause cloth to be woven without the liberties for sale, under pain of forfeiture . A 130

Also, that no woollen cloth shall be dyed black, except in woad, under pain of forfeiture ......... A 130

Also, if a Dealer in Woad shall deliver woad unto any one to make Assay, he who makes such Assay, shall not pay for the quarter [of woad] as to which such Assay was made more than a certain price, by the Assayere to be named . A 4138

Also, that cloth which ought to be fulled under feet shall not be fulled at a mill, or elsewhere, without the City

Writ thereon .........

Item, that six good folks of the said trade shall be charged to oversee it ; and if any one shall do the contrary [of such enactments], he shall pay, the first time, ten shillings, the second time, twenty shillings, [and] the third time, twenty C 37 shillings, and shall forswear the trade .....

It. in, that no Dyer who shall dye blue 6burnote, or other colours, shall dye in 'bleccho or tawny ; and ho who shall do so, shall pay half a mark ... .

Item, that no one shall receive the Apprentice or Servant of another, against the wish of his Master . . . . '

1 Maker* of frieze cloth, of ooane texture, with a nap on one side. 1 Shearmen, or ahearen of cloth. * Makers of tapestry and carpet*

« See A, foL 136.

• doth made of dyed wool

• Probably, a peculiar ihade of Uack.

630 UK US, DYERS, TONSEKS, ETC. [B. iv.

Item, if any Journeyman shall borrow money or goods of his Master, or of another person, and shall agree by covenant to serve him for tlio same, no other person shall receive him until he shall bo quit as towards

his Master i. C foL 37

Item, that no one shall cause cloths to be woven for sale, except in the

City and Portsokene, or within the liberties, and not in Suthwerk D 158

Item, that no cloth shall be dyed ^lack except in woad . . D 158

Item, that woad shall only be measured by those who are thereunto

assigned ........... D 158

"Writ for Weavers of London, for allowing their Guild, and against the

'Burellers E 243

"Writ for the Makers of Cloths from foreign parts . . F 92

Bill sent by the Drapers unto his lordship the King . . F 197 Writ of the King for the Foreign Merchants making cloths . G 9<'J Ordinance of the Foreign Weavers . . . . . G 8103

Ordinance that no Dyer or Weaver shall make any cloth . Item, that no Dyer who dyes wool with woad, shall dye

4hats [or] caps

Item, that they shall dye ten pounds for eight [pence] . G 101

Item, that no Dyer shall demand his money before that the wool is dry ; and after that, they shall have their action

by the Statute of Smythefelde

Ordinance of the Foreign Weavers . . . . G 103

Item, that Shearmen shall take, for [shearing] a short cloth, twelve

pence, a long cloth two shillings, and a cloth of *ray two shillings F 181

Ordinance, that whensoever the Bailiffs of the Weavers, or any of tin in,

shall be convicted of any deception, he shall pay unto the Commonalty

twenty pounds G 84

Item, Ordinance as to what Shearmen shall take for a cloth . G 107 Ordinance of the Fullers . . . . . . G 116

Item, that no one shall expose unwetted cloths for sale . . G 135

1 Or rather, blue black. « The word is chapeHetcs ; meaning some

* Weavers of Burel, or Borel, a coarse, kind of head-gear, the exact nature of which russet-coloured cloth. They seem also to is, perhajw, dmilitful.

have prepared yarn for weaving. • /. e. a rayed, or striped cloth.

• See G, f oL 93.

!1 bo found in default, the cluths !u- .-hull lori'rit his shears . . L Q M. 1

Writ tor the- Weavers, as to having their Guild Q 158

•it ions ut'tlic Alien Weavers G i::>

;t rut ion made between the Weavers of Flanders and

Weavers G 235

i idlers, that if a person buys cloth, he may buy the same at his own peril ; that so they may not be summoned to view the default

.ii'trr it is so bought . G 240

In tin of the King.— That cloths of ray shall be 28 ells in

-rth, measured by the list, and five quarters in width ; coloured cloths,

ells in length [measured] along the back, and six quarters in

h G 312

Writ [commanding] that cloths shall not be exposed for sale before

are sealed by the Sealer G 323

., that no one shall cause cloths to be woven elsewhere than within

:ranchise Custum. 204

J Jill of the Shearmen as to their Servants .... 1 1 :»'•

it [commanding] that Fullers shall not sell cloth before the Custom <>n has been paid . . . . . . . . G H>

Item, that no one, as being a Foreigner, shall sell woven linen, or canvas, unto a fore that the same shall have been measured by tho

Officer of the City depute J t h.ri unto H 1G

it no long cloth shall be dyod black except in wood Custum. 204 Item, that woad shall only be measured by those who are tlu-r

aligned . Custum. 204

Plea in the Iter by what Warrant the Weavers claim to have

KailiHs ... ... Custum. 258

Also, that Merchant-strangers may not buy wet cloth, or make dye,

he City Horn, 230

Also, that no one who brings woad shall measure it. hut only he who

shall 1x3 sworn thereunto, an 1 tint by the quarter of the < A 130

he Weavers . . C 42

runt made unto tho Weavers, and Ordinance that they shall

1 1 !-,

632 WEAVERS, TAP1SERS, DRAPERS, ETC. "* .IT.

Ordinance for correcting defaults in cloths made by the Fullers, "Wen vers, and others ......... iGfoi. 150

Ordinance that the Weavers of Flanders shall meet at the Churchyard of Saint Laurence Pountenay, and the Weavers of Brabant at the Churchyard of Saint Mary's ^ountenhaut, for giving their services on

hire G 254

Record and Process between the Weavers and Burellers . . E 247

That Drapers shall not untruss their packages of cloth that come from

beyond sea, until the Aulnager shall have done his duty . . E 57

Writ of the King issued as to the Aulnage of canvas, linen cloth,

Papery, and other cloths . . . . . . . . E 43

Writ for the Weavers G 134

Writ for the Tapisers G 168

Ordinance as to the Tapisers ....... G 257

[The same] in Book • • - • - E 210

Indenture [made] between the Weavers, Native and Foreign, in the six-and-twentieth year of the reign of King Edward the Third, entered in the . .... . . . Rolls of Deeds and Wills

How much cloths made in England ought to contain . Horn, 263 Ordinance as to the Fullers . H 45

Fol. 846 A.

That no cloth shall be taken out of the realm before it shall

have been fulled v H 60

That no Subsidy or Aulnage shall be taken for cloths of 'Irlande, unless

they be of Assize, — in the King's Statute . . . . . H 60 Bill of the Drapers, that Strangers shall bring their cloths to sell at

certain places, and not elsewhere . « . . . . H 85 Bill of the Websters against the Aliens, and Endorsement thereon H 89 That no Foreigner shall sell unto any Denizen woven linen, or canvas,

before that it shall have been measured H 98

Articles of the Shearmen F 173

Articles of the Drapers . . . . . . . . I 39

Ordinance of the Mystery of English Weavers . . I 64

Ordinance of the Mystery of Fullers . . . . .17

1 Now called St Mary's, Mounthaw. The * Table-cloths ami napkins, church was situate on Old Fish Street Hill ; » Ireland, but no longer exists.

1AI1 ilMTBML 633

Articlis ((r ton. FoL8i««.

That Tailors shall take for a dress garnished with silk, eighteen pence ; for a dress garnished with thread *[and buckram], fourteen pence. 1

a coat and hood, ten pence. Item, for a long dress, garnished with silk and cendale, 2s. 6d. Item, for a pair of sleeves [for changing], four

pence LFw.181

How much a Tailor shall take for making up cloths . . G 107 Writ of the King as to the Guild of Tailors . . . . G 118

Articles of the Tailors Q 266

Confirmation of the Charter of the Fraternity of Tailors . .11 274 Annulment of the freedom of Apprentices in the Craft of the Tailors 1151 Ordinance of the Tailors Horn, 264

Of Cappers, Huren, and Hatters.

Writ of the King as to making Proclamation against Cappers who

make false caps . £ 74

Ordinance of the Cappers F 147

[The same] D 139

lolet of the -HURTS, oiiU-ml in the 1 1 listings of Pleas of Land, holden on the Monday m-xt alter the Feast of Saint Gregory the Pope [12 March], in the six-and-tliirtirth year of the reign of King Edward the Third

[Rusting Rolls]

I '1. as as to Cappers and false caps Custuin

Ordinance of the Hi; . H 318

< Ordinance of the Cappers ...... I 29

Ordinance of the Cappers, Hatters, and llurers . . . I I'.'J Ordinance of the Cappers .... . Horn, 319

Ordinances as to Stonemasons, Carpenters, Platter**, Daubers, ^ ^ ^ Tiler*, / /*, Carters, and their Men. Of Lime, Tile*, Coals, Coalmen, and Woodmongers.

That Carpenters, Masons, Plasterers, Daubers, and Tilers, shall take, seen the Feasts of Saint Michael and Saint Martin [11 Novemlx i pence per day for everything, or else one penny halfpenny and

1 The* pMMgM aru mpplicd from Uw * Maker* of Hun* or rough, original «*

634 MASONS, PAVIOURS, ETC. CD. iv.

their table, at the will of the Employer; and between the Feasts of Saint JMartin and of the Purification [2 February] three pence for every tiling, or else one penny and their table ; and between the Feasts of the Purifica- tion and Easter, four pence for everything, or else 2one penny halip^ nny [and their table] ; and between Easter and Saint Michael, five pence for everything, or else two pence, etc. And on Saturday and on a Vi^il they shall take as for a whole day, and shall work until evening ; and upon Sundays and Feast-days they shall take nothing. And that their Servants, and the makers of earthen walls, shall take between Saint Michael and Easter two pence for everything, and between Easter and Saint Michael three pence for everything . . . .' . . i.A foi. 88

And that Paviours shall take for the toise, containing seven feet and a half in length, and the foot of Saint Paul [in breadth], two pence. And that carts which carry argil, sand, and gravel, shall take one penny ; and the cart shall contain one quarter, full [and] heaped up . A 88

And if any person shall give unto any Labourer more than above- mentioned, he shall pay unto the City forty shillings, without any pardon therefor ; and he who takes more, shall be imprisoned for forty days A 88 Also, that no cart serving the City shall be shod with iron . A TJJ) Also, that no cart shall enter a Churchyard with wood [or] charcoal ; nor [shall come] into the City before it has made sale, except only upon

CornhuUe A 130

Also, that lime shall be measured by the basket, which holds hall' a quarter, — well burnt and faithfully measured . . . . A 130

Also, that tiles shall be well burnt and well leaded, and of the anci« m dimensions .......... A 130

Assize as to the dimensions of the iron strakes for wheels . Cot Ordinance as to the Smiths of the 3AVeald . . . • . C 54 Forfeiture of the iron strakes of wheels . . . . D 125, 1 i L

That no cart laden with wood, timber, or charcoal, shall stand any \\liriv

but at CornhuUe D 158

Ordinance as to Paviours, and as to Lime . . . . D 159

1 Erroneously given as 'Saint JA//*.' cries, or inm-foundm*. Tin- rail:

* Erroneously given as 'three pence.* i nl's Churchyard L -il.. i

* Of Kent and Sussex ; where, down to hurst in Kent the last century, there were extensive bloom-

.11'.

680

i ours sworn duly to pave ..... Writ of tli , for mending the Pavement in the City and

rbs E 99

Ordinance that the hundredweight of burnt lime shall be sold for

3s. 6d. ; and every sack for one penny, and no more . K 197

Masons and Carpenters shall be sworn not to make any

Purpresturo in the Streets .......

Item, that Masons, Carpenters, Plasterers, and Sawyers, shall

between Easter and Saint Michael six pence per day; and

from Saint Michael to Easter, five pence ; and they shall take

upon the Saturday, if the week is a whole one, as for a whole

day, as also on Feast-days: and for the repair of their impl.--

ments they shall take nothing

r shall take from Easter to Saint Michael five pence

h:il (penny, and from Saint Michael to Easter, four pence halfpenny

Item, that their M. n, the first half year, [shall take] three

o halfpenny, and the second half year, three pence . Item, Master Daubers, the first half year five pence, and the second half year four pence; and their Men like the Men of

n

Item, that no one shall pay moiv, under pain of [paying] forty >liillings; and he who takes it, shall be imprisoned for

.

ii, that a thousand of tiles shall be sold for five shillings, and no more ..........

, ih<- hundredweight of lime for five shillings Item, a cart that 1 -rings sand or oth.-r thing from Algate unt<> tin- ( 'niiduit, shall take three- pence, and beyond tin- Conduit. three pence halfpenny ; and also from Crepulgate unto Chepe, t i n . . | >. nee ; and if they go beyond, three pence halfpenny : and tin cart shall be of the dimensions of one quarter, heaped up . i .'art that brings water from Dowegate unto Chcpe, shall take one penny halfpenny; from Castle Baynarde

..in- penny halfpenny; and if they go beyond Chepe, -h..ll take two pence; and if they do not come so far as l>cnny farthing . .

F 105

i : Mm,

F 181

636 MASONS, TILKIIS, CARPENTERS, FAVIOURS, ETC. [B. iv.

Item, a cart that brings merchandize from Wolwharf unto Chepe, shall take four pence i.F foi.181

Item, for a hundred of Halwode, sixpence, at Crepulgate ; and for :i hundred of faggots, four pence . . . . - . F 181

Ordinance that a cart, on entering and leaving [the City], shall pay for Pavage one penny; one horse loaded, one farthing; a cart that brings sand and argil, by the week, three pence ; and those which bring corn and flour from Stratforde, three pence. Item, carts that bring wood for sale, [shall pay] one farthing ; and charcoal for sale, one penny . . G 58

Ordinance as to what Tilers shall take G 100

Ordinance as to what Masons, Carpenters, Plasterers, Tilers, Daubers, and their Men, shall take G 107

Item, the thousand of tiles shall be sold for seven shillings, and of lime for six shillings G 107

Item, how much carts that bring argil, sand, merchandize, and wood, shall take G 107

Ordinance as to Masons . . . . . . . . G 41

Ordinance as to Coals . . . . . . . . G 199

Ordinance that Carpenters and Masons, sworn unto the City, shall be discharged from taxation . . . . . . . . G 267

Item, that no one shall have his Pavement made higher than that of his Neighbour G 295

Item, that no Labourer shall take between Easter and Saint Michael more than six pence ; and between Saint Michael and Easter, five pence ; and the Saturday as a whole day, in case the week is a whole one G 295

Item, that no cart shall stand in the City with wood, timber, or charcoal, before the same has been sold ...... Custum. 204

That lime shall be measured by quarter and bushel of Assize, and w»-ll burnt Custum. 206

Item, that tiles shall be of the ancient dimensions . . Custum. 206

Item, that Paviours shall take for the toise of seven feet and a half only two pence .......... Custum. 206

Also, of the same A 88

Writ [commanding] that tiles shall not be sold at excessive prices ; and that Tilers shall not take excessive wages . . . . G 99

1 /. c. « tall wood, ' fire- wood in long lengths.

BOUT! K< \M> I-TT.Tc HI tt, 1

«m* and Carpenters sworn unto the City . • foi 203

The price of fire-wood, faggots, and coals, assessed by

M \ <>r and Aldermen G 107

That no Carter shall drive his cart faster when unloaded than when

I""" E 78

That the quarter of coal shall be sold, between Saint Michael and Easter, for ten pence; and [between] Easter and Saint Michael, for eight pci and no more . . . . . . . . . . H 97

That no one shall have his Pavement made higher than that of hi*

Neighbours II 98

reclamation as to how much Labourers should take . . H 99 Ordinance as to not using carts shod with iron . . .11 248 Ordinance made as to the Wages of Masons, Plasterers, Carpenters, and other Labourers in the City of London . . . . . I 69 1 l<»w much a cart loaded ought to hold . . . . . I 63

Ordinance* of the Sawyers and Fletchers. FOI. JUft ».

That no one of the said Mystery shall send bows unto Cornhulle, or else- \vln-n in the City, for sale . . . . . . . • H 18

A certain man, a Bowyer and Fletcher, spontaneously renounced tho Mystery of the Bowyers, and [agnvd that] he would hold unto tho I l.i. IK is— and because he afterwards adopted ih. craft of the Bowyers, it was awarded that in future he should follow such craft of the

Bowyers H 22

Ordinance of the Bowyers . H 296

Ordinance of th< IJowyers . . . . - • . I 67 A No, ( Ordinance of the Bowyers and Fletchers . G 266

Also, Ordinance of the Fletchers . .I'M

Ordinance of the lawyer* ; and of Cobblers.

ordinance «.f tho Cordwainers.- . • . C 77

[Of the same] ... • Horn, 339

:i, that a pair of shoes of 'cordwain shall be sold for six pence;

' Ixathernade in imitation of Uut of Cordon.

638 CORDWAINERS, TA'WYKKS, I.I- A '1 II I '.KSI .1 .1 T .KS KTC. [B.tr.

one pair of cow-hide, for five pence ; one pair of boots of cordwain, for

3s. 66L; one pair of cow-hide, for three shillings . . . iF foul 82 Item, one pair of gloves of sheep-leather for one penny halfpenny, and

the best for two pence F 182

That no cordwain or basil shall be carried out of the realm . F 182 Item, that no one shall sell hides except in the Seld of Fryday-

strete G 245

That Freemen may sell hides to whomsoever they may please . F 20 Fine for a pair of shoes of basil sold as tawed leather . . F 80

AJso, Fine for the like F 82

Also, shoes forfeited F 98

Articles of the Tawyers II 26, 28

Agreement between the Tawyers and Cobblers in London . H 304 Ordinance of the Tawyers ....... H 310

Ordinance of the Leathersellers . . .. . . . H 313

Also, Ordinance as between the Cordwainers and Cobblers .1 81 Ordinance as to the Cordwainers and Cobblers . . . I 106

Annulment of a certain Ordinance as to the Cobblers, made in the time

of 'Drew Barentyn I 209

Writ as to Tawyers and Cobblers, and Return thereof . . I 202

FoL 849 A. Of Farriers, Smiths, and Armourers.

Articles of the Armourers E 133

That Farriers shall take for [putting on] a horse-shoe, of six nails, one penny halfpenny ; of eight nails, two pence ; and for removing the saim>, one halfpenny ; and for [putting on] the shoe of a courser, two pence halfpenny ; and of a charger, three pence ; and for removing one thereof, one penny ' • . . . . . . . . . 2C 182

Ordinances of the Farriers . . . . . . . G 56

Their Articles G 130

Item, what Farriers shall take for shoeing horses . . . G 107 Articles of the Armourers . . . . . . F 133

Articles of the Smiths G

1 Mayor of London, A.D. 1398 and 140& = This article is wantin-.

B.IT.]

S, SMITHS AKMOIKl-.I; :UI>LBBS.

•ides of tin- Ul.-nun. . . . LF W. 142

That t lie Smiths who make swords, daggers, and other arms, shall have each his own > ........ G 158

Item, what Furriers shall take for the shoeing of horses ; that is to say, for a shoe with eight nails, two pence; and with 1<— ;

y ; and for removing the same, one halfpenny . . . G 298

Also, of the same II us

[Of the same] II 16

fa .,!' t!u> Smiths II M

Articles of the Furbishers F 184

Articles of the Gin! fen.

Art ides of the Girdlers F 88

CharM HJ the same F 88

Also, their Charter, enrolled in tin Hustings of Pleas of Land, li mi the Monday next after the Feast of Philip and James [1 May], in the first year of the reign of King Edward the Third . . . F 88 Writ as to Burning false work of the Girdlers, if any such shall bo

found G 61

Writ of Xiiperwdfas as to the said Burning . . . . G 52 linanco of the Girdlers, enrolled in J 'a rlianinit . 1 IT.

Of t finces of divers Mysteries atxl JLimlicrnjls of the City

of Loti'l

Ordinance and Articles of the Fishmongers9

M ills and Millers of Corn, as set forth Of Corndealers and 1 of Corn, Malt, and Salt .

Ordinances and Article <>f th< Brewers . Bakers and their Ordinances

Vintners, Taverners, and Winodraweni, and tin ir Artid< .... •

Of Butchers and th< ir < h-di nances . Ordinances of the Bsffbsn ....

I,; :ii- i

Ml ti Alt

m

-,..

1 M.ik.-r-. ••:" h. !in, H I:- \m t -.

place have been carefully CHUNK! ; boi they

foiiinl under tb the different Tnwtee an

tupeatJT* Heidi of If yetence.

640

ORDINANCES OF DIVERS MYSTERIES AND HANDICRAFTS.

[B.IT.

All those Arts are entered be- fore in this same Book.

Ordinances of the Writers of Court-hand, and of Illu- minators ..........

Of Poulterers, Cooks, Pastelers, and Victuallers, before, in folio

Ordinances of the Fripperers, and of Evechepynges .

Ordinances of the Pelterers ......

Of Guests, Hostelers, Hay, Oats, and other their Articles .

Of Drapers, Websters and Weavers, English and Alien, Fullers, Frisers, and Tapisers, before, in folio

Ordinance of the Tailors, before, in folio .

Of Cappers, Hurers, and Hatters, before, in folio

Of Stonemasons, Carpenters, Plasterers, Daubers, Tilers, Paviours, Carters, and Ordinances as to Labourers, before, in folio ...........

Ordinance as to Bowyers and Fletchers ....

Ordinances and Articles of the Tawyers, and of the Cobblers

Articles of the Armourers, Farriers, and Smiths, before, in folio ..........

Articles of the Girdlers, in the same folio ....

Ordinance of the Turners

Also, of the same

Articles of the Joiners

Also, Articles of the Joiners

Also, of the same ........

Also, of the same

Articles of the Cutlers ......

Also, in Book .......

Ordinance as between the Cutlers and the Sheathers .

Ordinance as between the Cutlers and the Bladesmiths

Ordinance of the Sheathers, enrolled in the Hustings of Pleas of Land, holden on the Monday next after the Feast of Philip and James [1 May], in the first year of the reign of King Edward the Third [Husting Rolls]

Ordinance of the Sheathers . . . . . . H 22

Also, Ordinance of the Sheathers I 71

Fol. 860

L D foi. 112 . F 134 . C 102

'Horn, 315 E 176, -7 . G 284 . F !HI . H 118 . I 71 I 71

See also Liber CwAumarvm, fol. 49 A.

* AND IT KT8.

» make swords, daggers, and other arms, shall, each, his own mark . . . . . . . . L [G fct 168]

Aitirltsnt «>ry of Bladesmiths . . I 7:{

< 'rdiii. in.-.,- of the Saddlers Q 101

Also, another Ordinance of the same ..... H 309 Agre< -in, nt between the Saddlers, Joiners, Painters, and Lorimen 1;

Also, of the same

Ordinance of the Lorimers, signed with the Seal of the Mayor, and •A-ards burnt at suit of the Saddlers ..... H 282

Ordinance of the Lorimers . . . . . . II >J

That the Chandlers in Chepe shall be removed from thence, and shall

dwell elsewhere in the City A 1 U

Candles forfeited F 75

Ordinance as to the Sale of tallow and candles . Q 102

Articles of the Walemakers . . . G 152

of the Plumbers G 149 '

Ordinance of the Glaziers . G 152

Ordinance of the Grocers G 180

icles touching the Mystery of Grocers H 284

Ordinance as to the 8Garblage of the Grocers of London H 290

Ordinance of the Pepperers of Soperslano . . . E 53

Also, of the same II -rn, 335

Ordinance of the Winedrawera G 224

Articles of the Haberdashers G 272

Ordinance of the I'mich makers ..... G 284

Supervision of 8Galo« ....... I 6

Ordinance of the Founders ..... G 159

Ordinance of the Founders , 1 1 246

Ordinance of the Pouch makers, enroll«l i" 'ings of Common

m holdrn (.11 tin- Monday next after the Feast of the Apostles Philip

and James [1 May], in the first year of the reign of King Edward the

Third . . [Hosting Roils]

i Maker, of midea, •. e. bag. or trunks duly garbled, (i f. picked) and cleansed,

carriage of clothe*. )•<><•• Mk

' The Qarbler was an officer whose dut> • Show with wooden soles,

was to sse that all drags and groceries were

T T

642 ORDTX \\cr.s OF DIVERS MYSTERIES AND HANDICRAFTS. CB. nr.

Also, Articles as to the Pouchmakers and Leathersellers, and the Dv

serving those Trades i. G foi. 288

Also, of the Dyers serving those Crafts ..... G 290

Ordinance of the 1White Tawyers 2D 124

Also, of the same F 126

Ordinance of the Tawyers . . . . . . G 163

Ordinance of the Cheesemongers . . . H 62

Ordinance of the Leathersellers . . . H 313

Ordinance of the Bottlemakers . . . . . G 310

Bill of the 8Coflerers . .-..*. . . . G 307

Ordinance of the 4Forcermakers . . . . . I 52

Articles of the Spurriers F 107

Item, Spurs [to be made] for six pence, eight pence, and the best for

twelve pence • . • . . .F 181

Ordinance of the Torchmakers, "Waxchandlers, and [Makers] of wax

candles » ' ."?. ... • . ' • G 92

Ordinance of the Waxchandlers - G 283

Articles of the Pinners and 6Cardmakers . . . G 48

Articles of the 6Tassemakers . . . . . . F 16

Articles of the Glovers . , 4 F 169

Ordinance of the Glovers . . . . . . H 28

Ordinance of the Pewterers . • . • . . . . . F 155

Ordinance of the Coopers - ... . . . . H 302

Also, Ordinance of the Coopers - . . . . . * I 82

7Also, Ordinance of the Coopers • . I 245

Also, Ordinance of the Coopers K 185

Ordinance as to where the Gardeners ought to sell their

Fol. 361 B. . . _ ,

things .-....*. . . .Fill Ordinance of the Breechesmakers . . . . . G 32

Bill of the Joiners . .• ' 18

Articles of the Homers H 259

Ordinance of the Stainers 19

1 Dressers of white leather with alum. * Makers of iron cards for carding wool.

• This reference is incorrect. • Makers of'tasses, t. e. leather purses, or

8 Makers of coffers, or small chests. pouches.

4 Makers of forcers, small caskets, cabi- 7 This and the next article are inserted in

nets, or chests. a later hand.

B.IY.] ORDINANCES OF FTS.

Orclinanco of the Painters L Horn f-

Also, of Painters . . . . . . . . . E 176

Complaint of the Pot II. on.

[Of the same] . K 53

Ordinance of the Mystery of Goldbeaters . . . .16

Ordinance of the Mystery of Curriers I

How Cloths ought to be Fulled, and Ordinance thereon . . C

Ordinance of the Fullers Gil'*.

tion of the Fullers G 240

Writ for the Fullers G 19

Ordinance of the Fullers IE 46

Ordinance of the Mystery of Fullers 17

Ordinance of the Mystery of Braziers . . . . I 1 63

Ordinance of the Mystery of Stringers . . . . I : Ordinance of the 1Latteners . . . . . I 201

Writ for the 2Tapisers G 168 '

Ordinance of the Tapisers G 257

Also, of the same E 210

Writ for the Weavers of England, as to their Guild . . K

Ordinance of the Weavers G 84

Arbitration between the Weavers of Flanders and the 01

G 235

Ordinance of the Strange Weavers G 103

Writ for the Weavers, as to their Guild G 158

1 '• MI ions of the Alien Weavers <»

Ordinances of the Weavers . . . . . • ( ' Another Ordinance of the same . . . . • .PI

Ordinance of the Weavers of Flanders and Brabant . G

A certain Record as between the Weavers and the 'Burellers . 1

1 Worker* in lattcn, a mixed metal re- * Makers of Upertry and earpote •embling bra«. » See page 630 out* Note 2.

T T 2

Dates of the several Compilations referred to in Book IV., and now preserved at Guildhall, among the Records of the City of London.

Liber Horn, compiled about A.D. 1311—1314, 5—8 Edw. II. Liber Custumarum, compiled about A.D. 1320, 14 Edw. II. Letter-Book A, A.D. 1275, 4 Edw. I., to A.D. 1296, 26 Edw. I.

B, A.D. 1275, 4 Edw. I., to A.D. 1313, 7 Edw. II.

*C, A.D. 1291, 19 Edw. I., to A.D. 1307, 1 Edw. II.

D, A.D. 1309, 3 Edw. II., to A.D. 1316, 9 Edw. II.

E, A.D. 1313, 6 Edw. II., to A.D. 1338, 11 Edw. III.

F, A.D. 1338, 11 Edw. III., to A.D. 1353, 26 Edw. III.

G, A.D. 1353, 26 Edw. III., to A.D. 1375, 48 Edw. III. H, A.D. 1376, 49 Edw. III., to A.D. 1399, 23 Rich. II. I, A.D. 1399, 1 Hen. IV., to A.D. 1422, 1 Hen. VI. K, AD. 1422, 1 Hen. VI., to A.p. 1459, 38 Hen. VI.9

1 Identical with the Librr Niger Major, * The few references to this Book are in- or 'Greater Black Book,' mentioned in page sertions of a later date. 306 ante.

MAYORS <>l LONDON, FROM A.D. 1189 TO AJD. lilt,

11 si) l-_'l:{ l-.'li

101 A

i'I>

1-JJ7

1

llil! 1244 1245 1246

1248 1250

258 259

200

(,, \-2\-2 ir«-iir\ .yne.

R,^,r I-'ii/.A1 Berio 1.- ICerc

William I'fanlrl.

(James Alderman (deposed). i Solomon de Basing. rloleMt-r

. to WO Roger 1.- 1'

iard Ren- .'•

ird Bat.

K.-uiriaM «lr Hun^ay. vy. Michael T

>n. Peter Fits-Alan.

•vy (or Tony). Michael Tory. UOIJ.T Fitz-Roget John Norman. Adam de Basing. 1'ulosan.

John Gizors. William I rd.

William 1 rd.

to rj'-.i Tkomai Ph*-Thomi*

1266 Alan la Suche, Ward™.

, ., - ( Thomas de Eppegrave, Warden.

' Stephen de E&eworthe, Ward**. 1268 Hugh FiU-Otho, Ward**.

John Adr

John Adr

1-J71 WaHflt Il.-rvey. J Walter Hervey. 1-J73 Henry Waleyi.

) 1280 Gregory de Rokesley. 1281 to 1283 Henry Waleys. 1284 Gregory de Rokesley. ll'sr, Kalph ,1,. Sa.uU.rh. IfS^lM.

1286 John Bretone, Warden

1287 to 1292 Ralph de Sandwich, Warden. : to 1296 John Bretone.

1297 Henry Waleyi.

1298 Henry Waleys.

1299 Elias Russel.

1300 Elias Russel.

1301 to 1307 John le Bl<

1308 Nicholas de Farndone.

1309 Thomas Romeyn.

I'll John Gizors. •rs.

.ilasde Farndone. ton. •

- tigrare. K> de Chiggewell*.

1 D«>v H are according to the L\b*r D« A*t*/

time ot ,t, .till ].rvavrv«l at Guildhall

the

646

MAYORS OF LONDON, A.D. 1189 TO A.D. 1419.

A.D.

1321 Hamo de Chiggewelle.

1322 Hamo de Chiggewelle. 1^23 Nicholas de Farndone, 1324 Hamo de Chiggewelle.

Hamo de Chiggewelle (deposed). Richard de Betoigne.

1326 Richard de Betoigne.

1327 Hamo de Chiggewelle.

1328 John de Grantham,

1329 Simon Swanlond.

1330 John de Pounteney,

1331 John de Pounteney,

1332 John de Prestone.

1333 John de Pounteney.

1334 Reginald de Conduit*

1335 Nicholas Wotton.

1336 John de Pounteney,

1337 Henry Darcy.

1338 Henry Darcy.

1339 Andrew Aubrey.

1340 Andrew Aubrey.

1341 ( *^?njl Oxenford (died). ' I Simon Fraunceys.

1342 Simon Fraunceyfr.

1343 John Hamond.

1344 John Hamond.

1345 Richard Lacere.

1346 Geoffrey Wichyngham,

1347 Thomas Legge.

1348 John Lovekyn.

1349 Walter Turke.

1350 Richard Kislingbury,

1351 Andrew Aubrey.

1352 Adam Fraunceys.

1353 Adam Fraunceys.

1354 Thomas Legge.

1355 Simon Fraunceya.

1356 Henry Picard.

1357 John Stody.

1358 John Lovekyn,

1359 Simon Dolsely.

1360 John Wroth.

1361 John Pecche.

1362 Stephen Cavendish.

1363 John Notte.

1364 Adam de Bury.

A.D.

1365 John Lovekyn,

1366 John Lovekyn,

1367 James Andrew,

1368 Simon Morden,

1369 John Chichester,

1370 John Bernes.

1371 John Bernes.

1372 John Pyel.

1373 Adam de Bury.

1374 William Walworth,

1375 John Warde.

, Q»a t Adam Stable (deposed). b { Nicholas Brembre.

1377 Nicholas Brembre.

1378 John Philipot.

1379 John Hadley.

1380 William Walworth.

1381 John Northampton.

1382 John Northampton.

1383 to 1385 Nicholas Brembre.

1386 Nicholas Exton.

1387 Nicholas Exton.

1388 Nicholas Twyford.

1389 William Venour.

1390 Adam Bamme.

1391 John Hende.

1392 William Staundon.

1393 John Hadley.

1394 John Fresshe.

1395 William More.

1396 Adam Bamme.

1397 Richard Whitington.

1398 Drew Barentyn.

1399 Thomas Knolles.

1400 John Fraunceys.

1401 John Shadworth.

1402 John Walcot.

1403 William Askham.

1404 John Hende.

1405 John Woodcock.

1406 Richard Whitington.

1407 William Staundon.

1408 Drew Barentyn.

1409 Richard Merlawe.

MA-. >i \. i). 11^:1 i.» A.D. 1 i :

1 11<> Th.>m;i- K'i"lle«. 111".

lill Robert Ghichcb. Hi.;

\\\'2 William \\ 1117

111:? William Crowin.-r. 1418 William Sevei,

rhomas Faucoucr. lily Kit-hard Whitingt

I \

• Counters, or Nurem)>erg fr>ken tion of a minor in guardianship, an il concerning the, 95*

Abjuration of the realm by various persons, 76, 85, 8<J a privilege to which

persons were entitled who had taken sanc- tuary, 76.

Abortion caused, appeals for, 86, 91. Absconding debtors, of, 188. Account, action of, 1

Acquittances propounded in the SherinV

Court, 185, 188, 316. Actone Burnel, the Statute of, 534. Adultery, men or women taken in/396. •Affeer,' meaning of the word, 5ia

Aldennary, the Parish of Saint Mary, 109. i he office, rank, and qualifications rsons elected to the office to lose their freedom if they refuse to accept of it after admission, 36; six or more of them to welcome the King and Juaticiar on the day when Picas of the Crown are heard, 47 ; they are summoned to the Hustings, the Oath of, 267; not to be placed on Inquests, 202. Al,l,.i>-.-iU.t Li..',, 4m, 177. : , ., ..:

Ale, the sale of , 274,

measures, made of wood, -J

Ale-stakes not to exoeed a certain length, 292,

M

Ali-ni. h..u .ul,mtt,,l * lr,,n,,-u. .'{ 1 7

Ahnaine, Merchants of the II.,, ..... . 117

Letter to, 529. Scr Hanse.

Amendment of bills in suits, 1ML

' Amercement/ meaning of the word, 6U

Amercements made in the Sheriffs* Court,

Am. r^t.un. LV.M.

Amesbury, in Wiltshire, 34* Amiens, or Amyas, 201 ; Composition with the Merchants of, 360, 365, 367.

Aii.l-.\. r, r>7.

• Anelace,' meaning of the word, 75. Angel, censing by an, in Saint Paul's, 2&

>•'• Hospital, Saint, the privileged

swine of, 509. Antwerp, 549. Apostate, an, from the order of Friars

Preachers arrested, 530.

Appeal in the SherinV Court, forty days si. lowed to answer an, 84.

'A;,.- V,:.- n. ,-,.• | d ti.- « id, M\.

Appraisers, 108, 352. Apprentioe.at.law, 34, »

A |'|'I ill! i.-. ... 'J.'C.

Archery, Writ in reference to, 542, Argoil, 199.

An.. . j- !,:!..: •. i k :. • I.. ,-.•..-. .,;. i ,,;

nishment for drawing sword or knife, 335.

• Arrest,' meaning of the word, 39.

Arrest of debtor, when competent, before the day spsdfled in his obligation, 1 93 ; of

• I SMS* -!.-:• r. - ^!;. ,:.: | j.,,. .,,, I'T

\.t • : " :• > II . Ill . ;:

Articles of a later lUr, 104 *r rToas of

the Crown.

A--.., •• •-. ,' :.-.- m Amta An*, the, preserved at Guildhall, 302. Aflbeof Building Kte Hwyn«X 276-286,

650

1NDKX.

•Assize,' meaning quality, 243.

* Attachment,' meaning of the word, 73, 77,

88 ; various kinds of, 78, 183, 349. Attorneys, in the City Courts, 66, 195, 447,

490 ; in the Exchequer, Common Pleas, and

King's Bench, appointed to protect the

liberties of the City, 23. Attornment, 161.

Aubrey, Andrew, Mayor of London, 460. Auditors in the Sheriffs' Court, 17& Aulnage, 472, Aumbries, 278.

•Avoir-du-poys,' meaning of the word, 506. *Avowant,' meaning of the word, 168.

* Avowry,' meaning of the word, 161, 328.

Bail, releasing of women on, until the Iter, 89.

Bails, vessels with, 206.

Bakers, 231, 232, 309, 313.

Bakewell Hall, 479.

Balances and measures, 232, 233, 238, 242.

*Bane,' legal meaning of the word, 86.

Banished persons, from beyond sea, residing

in London, 245. Bar of the Suburbs, 212. Barbers, 236.

Barentyn, Drew, Mayor of London, 638. Barking, in Essex, 91, 32& Barons, the Aldermen of London so called,

13, 45, 67, 71, 92. Baselard, a short sword, 524. Basil, 199, 473. Bassenet, 376. Battle, wager of, 115. Bawds, their punishment, 395, 509.

* Beating the bush ' on the Thames, an ancient

practice, 332. Bedels elected at Wardmotes, 34 ; their Oath,

272.

Bedlem, the Bishop of, 477. Beggars for the Hospital of Bethlehem, 625. Berkingecherche, now Allhallows Barking,

15, 46, 240.

* Besant,' the coin so called, 311. Bethlehem, or Bedlam, the Hospital of, 461,

625.

Billingsgate, 603. Birlstep, or hucksters, 599. Bishopsgate, Compact made between the

Citi/ens of London and the Merchants of

the Hanse of Almaine as to the repair and

safe keeping of, 417.

'Bislethe,' meaning of the M.T.I

Black, dyeing with woad, 238 ; dyeing in, 630.

' Blecehe,' a colour, 629.

Boatmen on the Thames, 242.

Bolting of meal, 305.

Bondmen not to be admitted to the freedom

of the City, 388. Bones of the Dead, Chapel over the, in Saint

Paul's Churchyard, 474, 480. Book of Records, supposed to be part of the

present Liber Custuinarum, 55. Boston, or Botolph's Town, in Lincolnshire,

the Fair of, 278, 350, 361, 47a «Botel' of hay, 627. Boundaries, how to be determined, 277. Bow, Church of Saint Mary le, 608. Brabant, the Duke of, his Letter as to the

Mart of Antwerp, 629, 530. Brazil, a wood, 197. Bread, 302, 308, 309 ; how it is to be made,

baked, and sold, 231 ; of the kind named

'puffe,'305. Brembre, Nicholas, Mayor of London, 387.

* Bretasche, ' meaning of the word, 464. Brewe, a kind of bird, its identity, 401. Brewers and brewsters, 232, 233, 307. Brewing, the trade of, in the hands of

females, 307.

Bridge, Chapel on London, 323. 'Britton,' the law treatise so called, 469. Broad Street, 601 ; Ward of, 340. Brokers, 235, 273, 345, 504. ' Brokyncros,' its identity, 479. Bromley, in Essex, 204. Brothel-keepers not allowed to reside within

the City walls, 239, 246, 509. Brudtol, 117. Bruges, Letter from the Burgomasters of,

632. Brut, the first monarch of Britain, 54, 427.

* Budge,' the material so called, 584. Budge Row, 212.

Buildings, the Assize of, 276 ; impeding the

erection of, 281 ; between neighbours, 279,

283, 285. Bulls, Papal, and other instruments, scrutiny

as to the introduction of, into the City, to

the King's prejudice, 640. Burellers, 630.

' Burnets,' cloths so called, 629. Butchers, 230, 239, L> I.; Butchers' Bridg< .

Cambridge, the Ancient name of, 93.

Candlewick Street, now Cannon Street, 47& Canterbury, Writ to Prelate* of the Province

of, 109. Capper*, 582. Captors of Prisage, 53d. Cardmakers, 068, 642. 'Carfeux,' meaning of the word, 400. Carlisle, the ancient name of, 93, 548. Carpenters, 289; sworn not to obstruct the

streets, 410, Cartage, seizure of, 42. Carts, when unloaded to be driven as slowly

as if loaded, 380.

•CendaV the material so called, 245. Cetewale, its identity, 197. Chamberlain, the City, his fees and duties,

42; his Oath, 268. Champertors, or persons encouraging litiga-

tion, 292, 336. Chaplain, a, committed to the Tun for night-

walking, and afterwards for carrying arms,

5ia

Charters, City, 114—159.

Chaucer, Geoffrey, Lease of the. Gate of Aldgate to, 475.

Chaucer, Richard le, probably the father of Geoffrey Chaucer, 376.

•Chawdron,' explanation of the word, 207.

Cheapside, Chepe, or Westohepe, 23, 228.

Chelmsf ord, 84,

.sance,' meaning of the word, 344, rmas Day, 25.

Chil.lwite, 117.

Chiltern district, the, 116.

Chimneys to be built only of stone or tile*, 18ft

•Chirograph,' meaning of the word, 419.

•Chofnet,' meaning of the word, 882,

' Chotnet,' meaning of the word, 332.

Church, of Allhallows Barking, 15, 46, 240 ; Allhallows Bread Street, 95; Saint An- tony, 212; Saint Bride, 85; Saint Mary Colechurch, 77; Saint Mary Upchirche, or Abchureh, 89; Saint Michael le Quern, 27, 371 ; Saint Peter, 82; Saint Thomas of Aoon,6.

Cinque Ports, boats with fish from the, m

•

CtowMfMefe <vei/u, the Ordinance so called,

m

861

Citizens of London not to be

where to tallage, 369. fee Wager of Battle, City walls, no one allowed to take lodging

within the, either by force or by livery of

the Marshal, 116, 123, 138,

hythes, and fosses, 250, 339, 498, 50& Clement V., Pope, his Bull against the

Templars, 110. Close of Easter, 9L Cloths, 23& Cock Lane, 395.

Cocket of Newgate, 40, 108, 489. Coda, a measure, 20a •Codnet,' meaning of the word, 332, Cofferers, the, 642. Cologne Merchants, rent of the, 202. Common Bench, Court of, 23. Common Clerk, fees and duties of the, 42;

his Oath, 270. Common Congregation, or f^rnwui OoucflL

317. Common Council, manner of holding a, 36;

alafUa»«J tl,. Mfc OOBJH • - olda, pa few i»t - •". •>:. •'•.. H ••/ • • sfd ti, t. <m. :;.-•:.

Compters, the City, 330, 447. Compurgators, 50, 81, 115. 180, 185> 238,

886,446.

Coiiduit, the Great, in CheapaidX 596, Conquest, date of the, 11. Constable of the Tower, 271, 36U Continuance, 176,

• Cor, • meaning of the French word, J6& Corbels and joista, 281, 282,

Corby , or Corbie, Compositmi with the Mer-

chants of, 201, 800, 36& Cordwain, 198, 637. Corn and oomdealers, 209, 212, 236, 272,

396,397.

Cornhulle, now CV.rnhill, 91 Corporal Oath, what, 111. Corrector or legall

aoa.

M m -I/ ' M : r

called, 102,

• Country. ' a jury so oalled. 186, SUL Couata, or PbsA 577.

• :, . : . ' .•;•, •-; -s M

Crocarda, 493.

Cross, Invention of the, 95, 109.

Cross of Saint Paul's, the, 92.

C ni.se, or drinking-cup, 616.

Cruskyn, or small drinking-cup, 615, 616.

Crutched Friars, the locality BO called, 47 S,

544. Cup-bonds for stringing masers and handled

cups, 525. Curfew, persons forbidden to wander in

streets after, and tanners and brewers to

shut their doors at, 240, 334.

* Curtilage,' meaning of the word, 339. Customers, or Collectors of the Customs, 533. Customs payable in the City, 202, 471 ; at

Smithfield and at London Bridge, 205; at Billingsgate, 208 ; at Queen Hythe, 209.

« Dabs,' fish so called, 207.

* Dacre,' what it was, 208.

Danegild, Citizens of London exempted from,

115.

Daubers, 251, 288. *Day,' 'to go without,' meaning of the term,

263.

* DeprofundisS 24.

Deaths by misadventure, 86, 94.

Debt, award of damages in a plea of, 404,

405. Debt and contract, no charge to be made

upon unless it be enrolled, 255 ; declaration

as to, 344.

Demesne bread, 305. Deodands, 94. *Deraign,' meaning of the word, 115, 262,

572. Dice, judgment of pillory for use of false,

521.

Disseisin, 101, 102.

•Diswarren,' meaning of the term, 122. Dogs not allowed to wander about, 389. Dominicans, or Friars Preachers, Charter of

the, 113 ; or Black Friars, 476. Dorsera, 598.

Dower, 165, 354, 355, 404. Dowgate, 211, 498.

« Dubber,' meaning of the word, 73, 91. Dubbing of fishbaakets, 326. Dunstable, 86. Dyed cloth, 586.

Easements, 370.

:i«Mp. ,v.»M.

Eaves-drops and gutters, 280.

Edward II., how styled in ancient document*. 127.

Edward the Black Prince, 513.

Edward the Confessor, Saint, his Tr.-msla- tion, 17 ; Laws affecting London promul- gated by him, 427.

Egypt, Writ as to a beast of, called an * Oure,' 537.

Election of Mayor, precautions taken to pre- vent tumults at the, 17.

'Eloign,' meaning of the word, 352.

Engrossers, or wholesale dealers, 547.

Enrolment of deeds, 161.

Erasures in the Liber Albus by persons of anti-Papistical tendencies, 23, 24.

Erith, in Kent, 441.

Error, Writs of, 167, 352.

Escheator, authority of the King's, within the City, 6, 130, 382.

Escheats of the Jews, 70.

'Essoiner,' meaning of the word, 69.

Essoins, 47, 56, 59, 67, 282, 355, 405.

Estoppel of right in a married woman, 62.

Evechepyng, or evening market, 624.

Examination of parties in personal actions, 192.

Exchange, Ordinances as to, 495.

Excommunication, the Major, 111.

Executorship, 181.

Exigent of an accused party, how made, 75, 87.

Exports and imports enumerated, 197, 198, 199, 202, 208.

Exportation prohibited, of corn, wool, gold, silver, bows, arrows, and armour, 640 ; of wheat, corn, and malt, 544 ; of thistles, butter, madder, woad, and fuller's 630, 538.

' Extend,' to, meaning of the term, 191.

False deeds, judgment of pillory for, 524. Farringdon Ward, why so called. :;i». Felons, their chattels, 77 ; how arrest* Feoffees not trading to pay tallage, 2-11'. 'Ferm,' or 'farm,' meaning of, 10, 3!'. lit.

122, 447, 486.

' Fermors,' meaning of the word, 406. 'Fesselet,' meaning of the \v..nl. -Jo.'.. Finch Lam-. Finsbury Moor, 475, 480, 501.

KX. 653

4 First Sacrament,' meaning of, 367. Fresoobaldi, Writ for arresting Merchant! of

Fish, fresh, 328. the Society of, 463, 533.

Msbssksts, .TJi;. }<»-2. !'r. --:,. : r . . A*-:. ••..:. 17:;.

Fishmongers, to carry water to the rhrer when Friars Preachers, the locality now called

used, 238; rules applicable to, 251 ; Statute* • Blackfriars,' 561.

of the, 323; Court of the, 330. Fnj.perers, or phelippera, 243, 824.

Fitz-Elwyne's Assize of Buildings, 276-286. Frisera, or makers of fries* cloth, 628.

Fitz-Stephen's Description of London, pas- Furnaces for making bread or ale, not to be

•ages borrowed from, 54. erected too near partition* 288.

Fleet Bridge, 204. > sshe-ponde, ' meaning of the word, 208. Fleet Street, the old name of, 76.

Flesh-Shambles, the Market of Saint Nicho- Galeys, Henry, Mayor of London, 16 ; sum-

las, 400. moned by the King to Scotland, A2& B*

Flete, Foes of the, 501. Waleya,

Folkmotes, the name given to Wardmotes by Oalley-halfpenoe, 495.

the Saxons, 32 ; when held, 75, 105. Galoches,

r : tastes, ''•!-. Garblageof groceries, 641.

Forecheap, 331. (Also, see Corrigenda, in Garlands, or chapleta, for the head, 517.

aajs/flsX) Gartha.435.

Foreclosure, old English terms for, 56, 167, Gascoigne, payment made by the Merchants

of, for the King's debt, 510.

Foreign attachment, : Gauget, 463, 542.

4 Foreign County,' meaning of the term, Gavelet, 55, 166, 402.

ir.i. Genoa, the Merchants of, allowed to seD their

Foreign parts, by command of the King no wines, 542.

one to cross the sea to, without the royal 'Genteel' dogs, possible meaamg of the

consent, 540.

'Foreigner,' technical meaning of the word, Geoffrey of Monmooth, fictiom borrowed

56, I'll. from, 13, 54.

Forestalled or buyers of goods before their Gememne, the ancient name of Yarmouth,

being brought to market

Frankpledge, what, and who admitted to, at Gironde, the, 548.

Wardmotea, 34, 76, 234, 273; necessary Gloucester, Statute of, 6 Edw. L, 167.

from any one staying more than three ' Godelmynges,' meaning of the word, SOS.

nights in the City, 80; Oath of persons put Goroe, a net so called, 332 ; a kind of wear,

under, 27a • '-;»

Frec-beneh. £« Widows, Gmcechurch, or Graschirche, 216, 37SL

Freedom of the City, persons only admitted Grants and leases by the City. 474. 480.

to, on security of six reputable men of their Grants and subsidies to the King, 510.

own craft, 127 ; how proved in a suit, Graves of the dead, custom of swearing on

128 ; lost on non-payment of Soot and Lot, " ' ' <

128; non-residence a bar to, 338; admission Great Beam, the, 124.

to, 426; 426 ; adjudications and remmcuv Great Law, wager of, 51 ;

tions of , 495, 496. 98 ; only applicable

•Free foreign, 'meaning of the term, 103. on Wax. the, 275.

Fn-,.,,,,.,,,,f th. « .t\. .x.MM.t.^l bsjBl MstsBi '•:• I *, I'"' SIS

throughout England, 115, 121, 123; ex- Guildhall, no one allowed to

empted from Bridtol, ChUdwite, Yerssgive, the Mayor's election, except

and Sootale, 117, 119; and from being n , in r.: i;

amerced, except according to the law of Gottsr Lane, its ancient name, 90.

the City, 118.

m

654

INDKX.

Habergeons.

Hadley, in Hertfordshire, 472.

Half-Prime, the hour of, 602.

Hallmotes of the Bakers, 308, 310 ; of the Fishmongers, 323, 327.

Hamsoken, 99.

Hanap, what it was, 241, 610.

Hanse Merchants, their Guildhall in Dow- gate, 213 ; Composition as to the Gate of Bishopsgate, 417 ; Charter to, 457 ; corre- spondence of, with the Mayor, 529, 530.

Hansel money, 232.

Hapertas, 198, 203.

Harfleur, 532, 545.

* Harness,' to, early meaning of the expres-

sion, 521.

Harpoys, what it was, 208. Harrow, in Middlesex, 528. Hatcham, in Surrey, probable allusion to,

89.

* Haubergere,' meaning of, 375.

' Hautpas,' or ' halpace,' meaning of the word, 478.

Haverhill, William de, 103.

Heaumers, 639.

Hengham, treatise by Ralph de, Chief Justice, 468.

Hermit, judgment against a person for feign- ing himself to be a, 525.

Hermitage, or Cell [of St James], in Monk- well Street, 474.

High noon, 239.

' Hobelers,' meaning of the word, 565.

Hock day, 205.

Hocking, the practice of, 592.

* Hocscip,' meaning of the word, 201, 324. Holborn, 204.

Holland, in Lincolnshire, 361.

Holy Cross, brethren of the, 478, 544.

Homicide, wager of law for, 79; usages in accusations of, 100, 101.

Honour. See PevreL

Horn, Andrew, lawyer and fishmonger, 402.

Horse-shoe Bridge, 212.

Hospital of the Blessed Mary without Bi- shopsgate, 26.

Hostelers and herbergeours, 128, 143, 198, 234, 409.

Hostels, 627.

Hours announced by bells, 21.

Hucksters, 312.

Hue and cry, when to be raised, and when

men were held responsible for not raising, 91, 244, L'4.~>.

Hulot, William, his hand adjud^l to be .-truck off for an assault on an alderman, 32.

Hunt, the Common, 485.

Hunting-grounds of the Citizens of London, 116, 117.

Hure, a rough cap, 524.

Hurers, or cappers, 567, 633.

Hustings, the City Court so called, 56 ; prac- tice in the, 164, 347.

Hutch for bread, 310.

* Idem dies,1 the respite so called, 182. Imparlance, 189.

Imports enumerated, 197, 198, 199, 202, 208. Infangthef, 129, 357. Infants not amenable to judgment, 83. Informal words used in Court not to be a

ground of challenge against poor men and

foreigners, 256. Inquests, the packing of, 449. Inquisitions of various kinds, 88, 93, 100, 291. Ipswich, 458, 462. Ireland, cloths of, 632.

* Isolda ' and ' Isabella,' the same name, 89.

* Issues,' technical meaning of the word, 179. Iter or Eyre, 10. See Articles and Questions. Ives, Saint, Fair of, 201.

Jambieres, 376.

Jettees of houses, 237, 250, 290.

Jettison, 421.

' Jewry,' meaning of the word, 88.

Jews, an Inquisition made by the Constable of the Tower as to the death of certain, 64, 86 ; reference to regulations regard- ing the, 509.

John, King, his wars with the Barons, 69.

Joint debt, payment of a, 183.

Joists, 278, 279.

' Joseph,' mediaeval form of the name, 87.

Jousts and tournaments pmliil>ik-<l, 540.

' Jubile,' a book so called, 525.

Jurors upon Inquests, 196 ; in Assizes as to parties disseised, 385.

Justiciars, how the- Citizens should conduct themselves towards the King's, 46.

' Kark,' meaning of the word, 107. ' Karre,' meaning of the word, 208.

INDEX. r,.v,

Kidela, what they were, 428. one citizen shall in no degree affect other*

Kidels and trinka in Thames and Medway, concessions of, 900, 261, 266 ; so far

Statutes and Ordinances as to, 118,4 aHmnd r • • ..",.. .

428, 429, 431, 432, 437, 439, 440, 411. Twdici of ft Lond<m jqryf 278, 379; and

King's Service, Essoin of the, 169. fa^ no hm*** oan implead another 'with-

Kings' Writs and Commissiom, various, rela- .... .;,. , .. ,'.',,'„ .",'.','•,','.

tive to the City, 532. ' JWc<' meaning of the clause of, 145.

Knighthood, Writ, enforcing. IT Lies, judgment of the pillory with a whet- Knights and other persons prohibited from stone for telling, 518, 519.

presuming to tourney, tilt, and make jousts, Lime, regulations as to, 242, 250.

go in quest of adventures, without the TW^y^^ fts ancient "«"»^ jg&

King's leave, 544. ,;,!..;,.; ..jafcete,.^ » "

Lining of vestmenta, why so called, 3&

^TttZSliVlSlSi ?<k ' ""»' ' - ' t! v ' -'

LACK, legal meaning of the word, 106. London, the praises of, 54. Sot Charters.

Ladders, an obligation on persons to have, London Bridge. See Bridge.

as a protection against fire, 288. London Stone, 91.

Laghalmotes, or Law-Hallmotas, 828, 327. Lone, or Lnne, the river, in Lancashire, Lake, or fine linen, 197. » ;-,

Lambeth, Synod of, 112. . Loquemd^ meaaimg of the term, 268.

• Lampern,' the fish so called, 332. Lorraine, Letters from the Duke of, 688, Lampreys of Nantes, 330, 59& .-,._..,.

* Land-fish,' meaning of the word, 325. Ix>t and Scot, fwemea must be in, 86 • mean. Landlords, preference of their claims, 194. ' 1M '.,.,- th, . '„ ,.„,, ,;-

Lappenberg, Dr., his History of the Hanse , Luddeeden,* an old name of London. 12.

Towns, 417. . , ,,,.)„),,. hl i t!., I:,,. ,, , .-..i !-,.-.

ll& •Lymer«,» meaning of the word, 19*

Lynn, in Norfolk, 462.

' Law,' peculiar meaning of the word, 92. Magic art, j~*g»~— * of pUlory for

Law. Merchant, the, 256. t! ..'.;

Leeds, in Kent, 129. • Mainour,' meaning of the word. 67&

Lepers, rules regarding the snstmsnoe of, • Mainperaon,' what meant by, 177, 178,

238, 291, 508, 609. 627. 649.

Letter Book C\ at Guildhall, referred to, « Mainprise,* meaning of the word, 177.

418. Maintainers of litigation, 02&

Liber Attm*, the object of the compilation of Male ehevanee, 3ia

th. . :;. i. • Male,' what it was, 472.

Liber Ctuhtmantm, quoted or referred to, 29, Malemakers, the, 64L

346,347,402,481,511,609, Mallard, the, * U.

.;»... Malt, the making d, tt&X

* Antvfui. LeffOtu, referred to, 89, Malvaae wine, 61&

-77. I>M>. -JM;. 1.5 1. *Maiigbot,'iiMMingoftUwoid,iMk

LiherHom, the present, referred to, 68& Marehaunt, John, prsdeoessor of John Oar. Liber Horn, reference to the * Greater,' 14. prater as Common Clerk, 484.

Yij^r.306. See Small Black Book. M t , i "

UbertiesoftheCitynoitobeinterCBredwith Mark, value of a. 8&

by appointment of marshals, criers, Ac., Markets and fair*, »

appointed by citisens, 48, Marlborough, 466.

67 ; that tiu»e libertiM are necessary to Marshal of the King's hosaihnld. 116, 130, the safety of life and limb aawrted by John 686.

i Uu4theiriwuiiciatk«by Marshalsea, jurisdiction of the, 411

G56

INDEX.

Masons sworn not to obstruct the streets, 410.

Matins, the canonical hour of, •

Mayhem, 50, 245.

Mayor, the office of, 11 ; when the word was first used, 13 ; manner of electing the, 19 ; elected in tenor of royal Charters, 148 ; his assent necessary for the release of great offenders, 242; Oath of the, 265; must have been Sheriff previously to election, 399 ; his duty to make enquiry yearly as to conduct of all other officers, 410; other acts and duties of, 480, 485.

Measures and balances, 232, 233, 238, 242, 290.

Meetings of Sheriffs, Chamberlain, and clerks, to take place annually before the General Council, to recite the rolls of the preceding year, 46.

' Melwel,' the fish so called, 205.

* Mercery,' meaning of the word, 198. Merchant - strangers allowed to keep hostels

within the City for each other, 128 ; Court for them to be held daily, 59, 257.

* Merling,' the fish so called, 206, 324. Middle Law, mode of procedure in wager of,

50, 52, 97, 99. Millers, 307. Minever, a fur, 245. Minstrels, 395, 396.

* Miscounting,' meaning of the word, 256. ' Misericorde,' a dagger so called, 408. Miskennings, 115, 116, 117, 138, 256, 572. Moneyers, 80.

' Monies in gross,' meaning of the term, 422. Monkwell Street, 474, Montfort, Simon de, 122. Moron, Society of the, 463. Mort d' Ancestor, Assizes of, 175. Mounthaw, Churchyard of Saint Mary's,

632.

' Multure,' meaning of the word, 601. Murage, 126, 418.

* Murder,' the penalty so called, 115, 262. Murder, various cases of, 76, 77, 82, 83,

84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 103. Mysteries, penalties for rebelling against Masters of the, 425.

Naams, or seizures by way of distress, 165,

189. Napery, what it was, 632.

«ary chambers, 280. Nesle, or Neele, Composition with tin- M- i-

chants of, 201, 360. Nets, wears, and ki.k-ls, Ml, -fjs, l.;i

497.

Newgate, the Prison of, 40, 108, 357, 489. ' Non inventiuS the legal term, 261, :t!4. North Minims, 472. Novel Disseisin, 102, 17a Nuremberg tokens, 521.

Oaths of the City Officers, 265- 27ft

Obligation, or bond, 189, 193.

Obligations, various, 186, 187.

Obstructions by a tenant, 61.

Octave of a festival, 316.

Officers of the City, not to be traders in any business to which a low estimate is at- tached, 237; their duties and behaviour, 406, 410, 485. See Oaths.

Old Fish Street, 327.

Oleron, the Isle of, 459, 469.

Ordinances of the Iter, Book of, preserved at Guildhall, 54,

Ordinances of the Ordainers, temp. Edward IL, 111.

Orphans, the Mayor's control over, 52G, oL'7.

* Oure,' a beast so called, 537. Outfangthef, 129.

Outlawry, sentence of, to be pronounced at

the Folkmote, 75, 101. Over-paying of labourers, penalty for, 288. Oxford, Synod of, 112. Oystergate, 206. Oysters and whelks, 329.

* Panier,' meaning of the word, 472.

' Parmentery,' meaning of the word, 198. Partition, Writ of, 169.

* Passage,' a toll so called, 115, 464. Pastelers, 624.

Paul's, Dean and Chapter of Saint, th«-ir

privilege of Soke, 122. Pavage, 126.

Pavement in Chepe, where situate, 302. Peace, of keeping the, 228, 244, 281, I

408.

Pelterers, 243, 458 ; Charter of the, 458. Penalties on Mayor and Aldermen, 27. Pentecost, or Whitsuntide, 6, 20, i:;i. Penthouses and jettees, 237. Perers, Alice, mistress of Edward III.. .V.L».

igainst a penon for

ri.-.-;iri. ^ In.',.

Pleas of the Crown, i. led, the in

• eil to the Tower, an - to be shut, 47 ; three discrtv

.horn, styled the

1 presenter,' to state the mishaps which have occurred up to that date, 48 ; Heads

• in tin-

III., r,s, 71 ;' practice lesof the 1 i surname, 89. a fur so called, 1 CrocanK

. ' peculiar meaning of, a pound for cattle, :;<

Thames, 230, 615, 6ia

..i the, to the City,

••'• Seal, the pillory

MI called, 'J

.crave, an ancient name of the Ma II

the, of LOH.I..M. 11.;.

r..iiltr\ an.l p,,iilt,-iv, \ 401.

• and finders of murders, why none

i

Present* to be made to the King and Juati- ciars, to court their favour, 53.

hod, 396.

Procewions and public ceremonials, 26.

nee, recognizance of the Merchant* of, 526; wine of, 618.

Prussia, early mention of. Purg.v wn, with six

compurgatora, 50 ; with seven oompurga-

1 Purprestnre,' meaning of the wonl

Niidons, judgment u( thtr .-.17-520. me,' meaning of the word, 197.

,' a chess-board so called, 52± Queenborough, 459. Queen- Hythe, Customs of, 209.

Questions proposed at an Iter of

III . and answers of the Citizens thereto,

Quo Warrant* Statute of, 466.

Rainham Ferry, in Essex, 442.

Rakyera, identical with the modern Scaven- gers, 34.

Rape, charge of, made by Emma de Cogges- hal!

Ray 505, 630.

Reading, in Berkshire, 457.

Recognizances, taken by the Sheriffs, 190.

Ktconlutorium, an ancient City Book so oaflad, 55,

Regrators, 236, 240, 308.

i;. _•. i:. ol biwd, m

Religious uses, lands devised to, 387.

Rents in London, how to be received by

Archbishops, Earls, and others, 55, 4O6. Rent-service, 55, 61, 403.

process of, 168.

' Reredos,' meaning of the word, 287. Resistance to bailiffs and serjeanta; 231. Ketfasr IMS* kBtbtONor, WX Richard, Eari of Cornwall, King of the

K i, u ..! ..•. •.'<>: i.

Rivera, weirs on, and other obstructions*

427-441. Robbery, nrooedort in oases of, i

' Romeney,' wiae so emDed, 610. • Roskyn, ' a fur so called, 249.

i:,1;!.:.., : . Ml

I N 1 > I \ .

Sanctuary, 244; escape of a felon fnun. s_.

90 ; charges for those taking refuge in, not

payable by the Citizens, 130.

u-ich, 217.

Sandwich, Ralph de, 345. Scallops, 240.

Scavage on goods, 196, 198, 205. Scavagere elected at the Wardmote, 34, 27 J. Scire facias, Writ of, 166. Scold, judgment of the thew for being a

common, 520. Scot and Lot, 114, 235. Scotale, 117. Scotland, salmon and haddocks imported

from, 325 ; Writs against money of, 494,

495 ; sum collected to send 'horse and foot

soldiers unto, 511; and archers, 512;

levy or loan of foot-soldiers asked, to

send to, 530. Scots slain by the King, news sent of, 259.

• Scout,' a vessel so called, 209.

' Scrympyns,' a fur so called, 626. Seacoal Lane, 502. Seal of Statute-Merchant, 21. Seal, the Common, 16, 317.

• Seld,' meaning of the word, 47, 200, 233. Seneschal* or Steward, 261.

' Serjeant,' meaning of the word, 68.

Serjeant-at-arms, the Common, or Common Crier, 43, 269.

Serjeant-at-law, the Common, or Common Counter, 42, 269.

Serjeant-harbourer, 263.

Serjeanties of the King, 70.

Servants buying goods, provision against, 249.

Shearmen, 629.

Sheriff, the office of, 11, 15, 337; formerly styled • Bailiff,' 37, 59, 371 ; penalties imposed on, 41, 88, 315 ; surety given by, 78, 79 ; in making distresses had power to open fastenings, 107, 351 ; to be appointed by the Citizens, 114; elected in tenor of royal Charters, 148.

Sheriffs' Court, 193, 255, 330.

SheriftV Serjeants and servants, Oath of, 40, 37*

Shillingweight, one, 303, 304, 306.

Shrewsbury, 461, 471.

Slanders against the Mayor and Aldermen, judgment of pillory for, 551, frJ j.

Small Black Book, mention of the, 305.

fchfield,

r..iirt of the, ami Sokeivvi-s.

58, i

'Solar, 'mean in -4 .if the \\.T.l. 47. •>•_». Soperslane, 624.

Smitlnvark, < 'hart.-rs of. 1H7, -lt»0, 4«.>7- Specialty, 181, 189, 385. Speculum, the, 55. Spindeleresbot, a'_M.

Sports prohibited, an-li.-ry oxivptrd. ~>\'2. Staines, in Middlesex, 121. Stakes in rivers, 434. Stamford, in Lincolnshire, 467. Stanks in rivers, 434. Stantone, Hervey de, Chief Justiriar, 131. 1 Staple,' meaning of the word, ">•_'!>. Statute- Merchant,' 527. Statute-Staple, 527.

Statutes and Laws, list of various, 465, 471. Stepney, its ancient name, 80, 204. ' Sterling,' meaning of the word, 494 Stews, the, in Southwark, 242. Stikeling, or stickleback, 599. Stockfish-mongers, 325, 328. Stocks Market, 502, 620 ; the honse at Stone, encouragement given to build II--UM-S

of, 284.

Stone-bow, no person to cany a, 242. ' Stranger,' technical meaning of the word,

49. Strangers, partnerships between them and

freemen forbidden, 231 ; how they may

obtain the freedom of the City, 250 ; not to

sell by retail, 423, 4 J }. ' Stranlyng,' a fur so called, r, •_».". Street, Aldersgate, or Aldrichgate, 94 ; Aid-

gate, 395 ; Cock Lane, 395 ; Coruhill, 26,

396 ; of Saint Andrew, 83. Streets, not to be obstructed, 409, 410. Strike, or strickle, 212. Strood, in Kent, 420.

* Suit,' technical meaning of the word, '_'< ,i i. Surname, originating in a jest, 73; implying

a trade, 76, 77, 80, 87, 93, 95, Swine, ndes in reference to, 235,

'Tall-wood,' firewood so call«-d, <,::<;. Tally, a sealed, as an obligation. I B* ' Tandel,' meaning of the won I, 1*07. Tapisers, 567,629, <i, Tasscmakers, 642. Taverners, 240.

INDIA.

800

Tawyera, or curriers, 536, 62fi.

II". in.

Testaments, probate of, 107, :t Thames, inns and lodging-houses on the banks lie, 234; not to be intruded upon by quays, 409 ; Conservators of the, 435,

ft, judgment of, by Infangthef, and Ont- fangth : 189 j by bakers and millers, punished by the hurdle, 145. Thew, a kind of pillory, 395, 520. Third Law, wager of the, 52, 81, 99, 100,

•B& Thistles used for carding wool, 530, 538.

LIB, Saint, of Canterbury, 6, 24. roe, thecaii'.nir.vl hour of, 95, 236. H of skins, 243.

I .in. -I u. ling bricks)* regulations as to, 242,

aeV large tabs so called, an. 1 llage, 102. Tonsers, or shearmen, 629.

h,' a wax candle so called, 518.

-acts, royal Letter against. Tournaments and jousts pn, h. I

irte bread, 231, i".U, :<lo. Tower Hill. 477, 504,

Treasury at Westminster, robbery of thr, :tl. • falde,' an early r.i.J.-h «...'..!. 99. nanekeV» net *> called, H

th.. l-Jl. 199; keeper of the, 548. .age, 199, 215. • Trussel,' meaning of the word, 208.

«/ on Cnmhill, the prison so called, 145, 240.

aid,' meaning "»' th«- term, 602.

•

Usurers, Writs against, »ient

against, 33*

,UeV meaning of the word, 40, 363, 450,

ne, or vwnct, the, 52, 94. 100. v,!., . ,,f th. KM baj - i. ML

mage,' a wine so called, 61* Vajpss* fceoaoomoa] wrfa o4 II VesMb, with bails, 325; with bulwarks, 201,

ili», ^^nit^nnf on, 203. lift

View from window*, (or ancient light,) wk* •ght be obstructed, 28a or town, 457.

isje, persons hoiding land in, deprirtd d th-rr.,,!..,;, ,.f th. • . ..... :»,.

Visnei, or raoe, 52, 94, loa

Vonch to warranty, to, 02, 254.

• Vouchee,' mssming of the word, 17&

160,

• Wadmal,' a doth so called, 198. Wager of Battle does not lie

free of the City unless they

65, 97; Citizens of London

from, 116, 117. Wager of Law. &« Great Lai

Law, and Third Law.

w«m th.-. -JH. -jr. .-H;"

•Waivery,' meaning of the word,

Hi Walbrook, the watercourse of, 51, 98^501 /

the street of. 86.

\\ dey*. I! •„:> ,;.. MI;. ; • | .; :;. .,-..,

&eeGaleys. War, citizens of London not hound to go

Warden of the City, 11. 14.

Wardmotes, nature of the, 32; held twice in the year, 32; how summoned, »;

.ired servants and oc on separate roll .-man te-

as te misdoers in his Ward at the, 241 ; les of a, 287 ; four meo to he ap- |N.inted at, to lower and raise pavements, and to remove nnisaposs in each, 4831

Wardone, the Abbey of, 292.

Wanls of the City, how named, 3a

Ward-hips belongmg te the King, Ml

Waste! bread, 305.

Watch and ward, 105. 244, 917.

Weald of Kent and Sussex, inm foundries

Weavers and fullers, laws as to, 10& Wemvetm the CiniM of, |mtdown, 120L Weighte and measures. 94K Weirs, Beta, and ki.Uk. 427-411

• , : ' .,::.-,

\\ . • i . .', •>:• • • HI Whetstooe, awarded to liar*. 518. White Tawyera, 642. Ssttawyen.

..ft**. Richanl. the date of h» Mayor. alt> Widows, free bench of, 50, 60.

660

Wife, a, trading on her own account, 181 ; one-half of her husband's goods to go to, 338.

Winchester, the Fair of, 201.

Wines, seized in the King's behalf, 73 ; sold contrary to assize, 85; of citizens, no prisage to be made of, 144; the King's prisage on, 217 ; various, 618, 619.

AVithemam, 168, 535, 582.

4 Without day,' meaning of the term, 351.

Woad, 201.

'Wodegor,' possible meaning of the word, 289.

Woman, beaten to death, 80 ; burned, 89 ;

murdered, 91, 103; put into the Tun for being out of doors at unlawful li<-ui>. .vjo.

Wool, 200.

Wool Quay, 500.

Woolchurch Haw, 216.

Woolwich, 442.

Writs, names of judicial. 1 «;•_». 1C,}. It;.-,. Ids. 169, 173, 175, 189, 254, 2.V., 317.

Wrongful judgment deli ven .i.

Yantlet Creek, 213, 430.

* Yeresgive,' possible meaning of the \v<»nl. 117.

CORRIGENDA.

Page 331, Note 1, for Preemption or forestalling, read Extortion. „ 391, line 12, for as unto, read as to.

!• AND PARDOX, MtlNTKKM, rATEKX<*;

4

DA 676- .L3 IMS

London. Liber

Corporation albus