Tuckerman, Edward Lichens of California, Oregon, and the Rocky mountains FRAGILE Dc Not Circulate Do Not Photocopy} New York Botanical Garden Library Tuckerman, Edward/Lichens of California AT 3 5185 00038 031 NEW YORK BOTANICAL Carper: With an Appendix. By Edward Tuckerman, M.A. Professor of Botany in Amherst College. Amherst, Mass.: J.S. & C. Adams, 1866. ¥ ? [eG = ae a ' 5 a > are inne : + h siaroltils) ‘temorloh enisiouoM ytoos edt has de 3 oe : nwomd toy og tah 08 Pe Ocean nemenannansannsnsacaesmaunneenanantneasemecesuaeeeey Printed by Henry A. Marsh, wut) “Amherst, April, 1866. | Penns nik Suesnsenanainonauns™shSs>> Eola aa ee eEeeSaunek SE Raa lA of YO Yo tocevlor oe bf for A ~ } : 5 “i ‘G . pe « Pe) BR AR =~ oF pee es g MEW YORK .~ SOTANICAL SAR DEN; Menzies, who visited the North West Coast of Amer ica in 1787-8, and somewhat later, with Vancouver's expedition, was the first to observe, principally, if not entirely at Monterey, the remarkable Coast-lichens of California. Some of his specimens reached Acharius; but others, and among them Ramalina Menziesii, Tayl., remained undescribed for more than half a century. Having the good fortune to meet this venerable bota- nist in 1842, I was favoured by him with a considerable set of his duplicates. For other results of British ex- plorations, illustrating especially the Lichens of the coast north of California, and of the Rocky Mountains, a grateful acknowledgement is here due to the liberality of the late much-lamented Sir/TLW / Hooker ; to whose ever open hand I also owe an important collection made in connection with the Oregon Boundary Commission by Dr. Lyall, and a smaller one, from Palliser’s British North American Expedition, by Bourgeau. Of our own naturalists, Mr. Charles Wright, who has herborized, with an eye open for Lichens, in perhaps more countries of the globe than any other botanical traveller, was the earliest to attempt any special collec- tion in California, and though much limited (as botan- istf of the U. 8. North Pacific Expedition,) in time, suc- ceeded in making several important additions fo what wasknown. Mr. A. Fendler had before communicated to me an instructive series of Lichens collected by him at Santa Fe, in New Mexico; and this was followed by 4 the valuable contributions to our knowledge of the Lichen-Flora, as well of the coast as of the interior mountains, made, during the Mexican Boundary Sur- vey, by Mr. Wright and Dr. C. OC. Parry ; for which, as for many other, long continued favours, I am indebted to Professor Torrey. Alectoria Fremontii is a memori- al of the celebrated expedition of Capt. J. C. Fremont. Other naturalists who haye contributed to the extension of our list are, Dr. F. V. Hayden, (Miss. & Yellowstone Expedition) who collected in some of the eastern Val- leys.of the Rocky. Mountains; and. Mr. E. Hall. To the. careful) observations of, the latter, and to those, a season, more recent, of Dr. Parry, almost the whole of our scanty. knowledge of the important alpine Flora is confined, The Coast-Flora, especially of California, is however still more interesting than the alpine; and if we except some small, collections by Professor Newberry, and, at San Diego, by, Dr. J. G. Cooper, it remained still almost unexplored, when, Mr. H. N.Bolander, who had already devoted himself to the Mosses of the region, collecting, says Mr. Lesquereux (Calif. Mosses, in Trans, Amer. Phil. Soc.) ‘in less than oneyear . . as many species as all the other collectors together,’ turned, happily, his attention to the plants before us, The intention of this publication is to shew, at the be- ginning of careful exploration, exactly what is known of the Lichen-Flora of the west coast, south of Van- couver's Island; and of the great, western system of mountains, within the same range of latitude. Of the very extensive alpine districts embraced, nothing is in- deed ascertained, illustrating their lichenose vegetation, except in the interior ranges; but it is likely that these represent, in thisregard, those nearer thecoast. Though the deficiences of the list are almost,surprising as the J 5 forms which, it indicates, the time has clearly not yet come to touch any disciision of apparent andmalies of distribution. With the aid of Mr. Bolaniler, it is my expectation to distribute ‘to lichenists some of the more markable forms here reckoned. And this gentleman intends also, I am happy to say, to give to the press, his interesting €petations on the geological conditions and e climatal limitations of the Coast-Flora. — It appears proper, in view of some modifications, ap- parent in these pages, of the writer's previously ex: pressed conceptions of the System, to state briefly his present apprehension of it. Of late long-occupied with a tropical Lichen-Flora, I have found great ad- vantage in consulting, and to some extent, have followed the method of, the learned memoirs of Dr. Nylander, who has added more to the sum of knowledge of tropi- cal Lichens than any other writer, and whose opinions derive indisputable weight from the universality of his stand-point. It is however one thing to follow, in a new field, the track of a method already indicated, and an- other to accept the System which lies behind ; nor is anything more certain than that the long-continued, sufficient investigation of particulars, of species, implies, and ought to imply restatements of our general notions. From the first and always a disciple of the illustrious Fries, it is then my full persuasion that his systematic interpretation of the affinities of Lichens, taken gen- erally, or in all its larger features, is still adequate to the phenomena; and that succeeding expositions, far from supplanting, have derived already not a little of their vitality, or will require to seek it, from the pro- found views of the botanist of Upsal. But science does not stand still. The observations of Meyer and Eschweiler, and in particular of Fee and Montagne, opened up the fresh field of spore-investiga- G PS i? Ge) Tribe I. PARMELIACEI, Fr. Fam. 1. Usneei, Fr. Roccetia leucophea,Tuckerm. San Diego, on Obione ; Dr. C. C. Parry. RamMAtina Menziesit, Tayl. Coast. Monterey ; Menzies. Sta. Barbara; Dr. Parry. Vancouver's Island; Dr. Lyall. R. leptocarpha, Tuck. Coast. Monterey; Menzies. Alcatraz; Mr. Wright. San Diego; Dr. J. G. Cooper. R. levigata, Fr. (Parm. Ecklon, Spreng.) New Mexi- co; Mr. Wright. R. tenuis, Fr. & Tuck. New Mexico; Mr. Wright. R. calicaris, Fr., v. fraxinea, Fr. New Mexico; Mr. Fendler. Var. farinacea,Scher. Coast; Mr. Wright. Rocky Mountains; Dr. Hayden. R. pollinaria, Ach. New Mexico; Mr. Fendler. R. homalea, Ach. Coast rocks, Calif.; Menzies. San Diego ; Dr. Cooper. R. ceruchis (Ach.) De Not. Coast, on trees. Alcatraz; Mr. Wright. San Angelo; Russell herb. San Diego; Dr. Cooper. DactyLina ramulosa (Hook.) Tuck. Rocky Mountains, Hook, Herb. 12 D. madreporiformis (Wulf.) Tuck. Rocky Mountains; Dr. Parry. : CETRARIA Californica, Tuck. Monterey (on trees) Menzies. C€. Islandica (L.) Ach. Rocky Mountains; Dr. Hay- den, Mr. E. Hall. C. cucullata (Bellard.) Ach. Rocky Mountains; Mr. Hall. C. nwals (L.) Ach. Rocky Mountains; Dr. Parry. Mr. Hall. ; C. glauca (L.) Ach. Coast of Calif.; Mr. H. N. Bolan- der. Vancouver's Island; Dr. Lyall. C. lacunosa, Ach. Coast. Port Wentworth; Menzies. Calif. ; Mr. Bolander. C. ciliaris, Ach. Coast of Calif.; Mr. Bolander. C. sepincola (Ehrh.) Ach. Pend Oreille r., Oregon; Dr. Lyall. C. juniperina (L.) Ach., a. Monterey; Menzies. Van- couver’s Island; Dr. Lyall. Var. terrestris, Scher. Rocky Mountains, alp., Dr. Parry. Var. pinastri, Ach. Rocky Mountains; Mr. Hall. Evernia vulpina (Wulf.) Ach. Coast of Calif.; Men- zies. N. W. Coast; Douglas. Rocky Mountains; Dr. Hayden. E. prunastri (L.) Ach. N. W. Coast; Menzies. Rocky Mountains ; Dr. Hayden. E. divaricata (L.) Ach. Rocky. Mountains; Mr. Hall. E. furfuracea (L.) Mann. New Mexico; Mr. Fendler. Usnea barbata (L.) Fr. florida, Fr: Lower Calif; Mr. xXantus. New Mexico, Mr. Fendler. Var. hirta, Fr. Rocky Mountains; Dr. Hayden. Coast (f. rubigimea) Mr. Bolander. Var. ceratina, Scher. Coast of Calif. ; 18 Torr. herb. Var. dasypoga, Fr. Coast; Mr. Bolan- ‘der. Vancouver's Island ; Dr. Lyall. U. longissima, Ach. Washington Terr. ; Torr. herb. ud AtectoriA ochroleuca (Ehrh.) Nyl., a. Oregon; Hook. herb. Var. sarmentosa, Nyl. Oregon; Dr. New- erry. Washington Terr., Torr. herb. A, Fremontii, Tuck. (*) Sierra Nevada; Capt. J. C. Fremont. Northern Oregon; Dr. Lyall. Rocky Mountains ; Dr. Hayden. A. jubata (L.) Fr, var. émplera, Fr. Washington - ‘Terr. : Torr. herb. : Fam. 2. Parmeliei* THELoscHtIstTEs chrysophthalmus (L.) Norm., a. Coast of Calif., Mr. Bolander. Rocky Mountains; Mr, Hall. Var. pubera, Wallr. Monterey; Torr. Herb. - New Mexico; Mr. Wright. f. parietinus (L.) Norm., var. polycarpua; Fr. Coast, of - Calif. Mr. Wright. N. Mexico; Mr. Fendler., Var. | | dychneus, Scher. N. Mexico; Mr. Fendler. Var. ramulosus, Tuck. Mare Island, Calif., Mr. Wright. Var. Finmarkicus, Ach. Rocks on the coast; Mr. . Bolander. » PaRMELIA perlata (L.) Ach., var. flavicans., Coast; Mr. Bolander. (*)A Bryopogon, as understood by several recent writers, but left here under its published mame, because the spores of Alec- toria Thulensis, Th. Fr. (A, nigricans, Nyl.. Lich. Scand. p. 71; Syn. t.8,f. 17) as described by Nylander, appear, not- withstanding their want of colour, fully to confirm the near affinity of this lichen to A. ochroleuca ; and to suggest, in con- nection with A. suleata, Nyli, that decolorate spores are insuf- ficient to justify the separation from Alccloria of species other- wise agreeing with it. 14 P. perforata (Jacq.) Ach. Coast; Mr. Bolander? P. tiliacea (Ehrh.) Floerk. Rocky Mountains (trees) Dr. Parry. P. saxatins (L.) Fr., a. Oregon; Dr. Lyall. Rocky Mountains ; Dr. Hayden. P. physodes (L.) Ach., a. Coast; Mr. Bolander. Var. enteromorpha, Tuck. Monterey; Menzies. North West Coast; Douglas. P. olivacea (L.) Ach. Coast; Mr. Bolander. Parmelia Fendleri, Tuck. in litt., &€ mm Nyl. Enum. Gen. p. 105, thallo pusillo orbiculart microphyllino ex olivaceo fuscescente subtus pallidiori glabro fibrilloso, lacinus substellatis linearibus planis multifidis denta- tis, subinde congestis complicats ; apothecus confertis castaneis margine crenulato. Spore octonae, ellipsoidea, simplices, diam. dein duplo longiores, incolores. Platy- . sma, Nyl. Syn. Lich. p. 309. Trunks, Santa Fe, New Mexico; Mr. Fendler. Has occurred to me (on old rails) in Maryland and Massachusetts; in Penn- sylvania (Dr. Michener) and in South Carolina, on trunks of Pine and dead wood (Mr. Ravenel.) Sper- mogones now submarginal, but never in the strict sense in which this position is characteristical in Ce- traria ciliaris ; nor do they appear to me to offer any important differences from those of Parmelia stygua. P. stygia (L.) Ach. Rocky Mountains; Dr. Parry. P. caperata (L.) Ach. Coast; Mr. Bolander. N. Mexi- co; Mr. Fendler. P, conspersa (Ehrh.) Ach. Coast; Douglas. Mr. Schott. N. Mexico; Mr. Fendler. P. molliuscula, Ach., e Nyl.(P. chlorochroa, Tuck.) Rocky Mountains; Dr. Hayden. Puyscia erinacea (Ach.) Tuck. Coast. Monterey; Menzies. San Diego; Dr. Parry. — oe . 15 P. pulverulenta (Schreb.) Nyl. N. Mexico; Mr. Fend- ler. Rocky Mountains, (muscic.) Dr. Hayden. P. speciosa (Wulf., Fr.) var. hypoleuca, Ach. Valley of Rio Grande; Mr. Wright. Var. galactophylla, Tuck. With the last. Var. leucomela, Eschw. Coast of Calif. ; Menzies. New Mexico; Dr. Parry. P. stellaris (L.) a. Coast; Mr. Bolander. Rocky Mountains; Dr. Parry. N. Mexico; Mr. Fendler. Var. (tribacia) Fr. Coast; Mr. Bolander. Var. his- pida, Fr. With the last. PyxIneE Cocoes (Sw.) Nyl., var sorediata, Tuck. Rocky Mountains; Hook. herb. Fam. 3. Umbilicariet, Fee. Umsiticaria floceulosa, Hoffm. Rocky Mountains ; Hook. herb. U. hyperborea (Ach.) Hoffm. Rocky Mountains ; Hook. Herb. U. cylindrica (L.) Delis. Rocky Mountains; Dr. Hay- den. Dr. Parry. U. proboscidea (L.) DO. Rocky Mountains; Dr. Parry. U. phea (sp. nova) thallo cartilagineo monophyllo len Suscescente, subtus papilloso nudo nigro ; apothecus ap- pressis dein prominulis gyroso-proliferis, margine tenur subevanescente. Spore minute, e globulari ovoideo- ellipsoidee, simplices, subincolores, diam. fere duplo longiores. Rocks on the coast; Mr. Bolander. Com- parable as respects size with U. erosa. U. murina, (Ach.) DC.? Rocky Mountains. Mr. Hall. U. hersuta (Ach.) DO. N.W. Coast; Douglas. Rocky Mountains; Mr. Hall. i 16 U. angulata, Tuck. Syn. N. Eng. (Gyroph. pellita, Hook: hb.) Monterey ;Menzies. N. W. Coast; Hook. herb. To be further compared withthe last. U. pustulata (L.) Hoffm., a. New Mexico; Mr. Fend- ler. Mr. Wright. Fam. 4. Peltigerei.* Srrora fuliginosa (Dicks.) Ach, Coast of Calif. ; Mr. Bolander. Vancouver's Island; Dr. Lyall. S. anthraspis, Ach. N. W. Coast; Menzies. Ccast of Calif. ; Mr. Bolander. S. pulmonaria (L.) Ach. N. W. Coast; Douglas. Cal- ifornia; Mr. Fitch. S. scrobiculata (Scop-) Ach. Coast; Dr. Lyall. Mr. Bolander. PELTIGERA aphthosa (L.) Hoffm. N. W. Coast; Scou- ler. F. marginalis. Rocky Mountains, alp.; Mr. Hall. P. canina (L,) Hoffm. Vancouver's Island; Dr. Lyall, N. Mexico; Mr. Fendler. Var. membranacea, Ny]. Coast; Douglas. Mr. Bolander. Var. sorediata. Coast; Mr. Bolander. P. rufescens (Neck.) Hoffm. Coast; Dr. Lyall. Mr. Bolander. P. polydactyla (Neck.) Hoffm., a. Coast; Douglas. Var. scutata, Fr. Coast; Dr. Lyall. Mr. Bolander. P. venosa (Li) Hoffm. N. W. Coast; Menzies. Sierra Nevada; Mr. Bolander. Rocky Mountains; Mr. Hall. N. Mexico; Mr. Fendler. SonoRina crocea (L.) Ach. Oregon; Dr. Lyall. Rocky Mountains, alp. ; Mr. Hall. 17 Fam. 5. Pannariei.* Paynarta hypnorum (Vahl.) Delis. Rocky Moun- tains, alp., Mr. Hall. ~ P. microphylla (Sw.) Massal. Coast; Mr. Bolander. N. Mexico; Mr. Fendler. P. lepidiota, Th. Fr. Coast; Mr. Bolander. Pannaria cyanolepra (sp. nova) thallo e granulis conglo- meratis cyanets hypothalo obsolescente; apotheciis minulis biatorinis rufo-nigricantibus, disco convexo marginem excludente. Spore octone, cllipsoidee, obtuse, simplices dein nebulosa, diam. 2-2} plo longiores, in- _ eclores. On the earth; ‘clayey soil near the North American river, Auburn;’ Mr. Bolander. Compara- ble with P. nebulosa (Hoffm.) Nyl. (Lich. Par. n. 114) which appears quite the same with Zecidea coro- nata, Borr! (Hook. Br. Fl.) but the minute, steel- blue granules of the present scarcely coalesce into scales; and the apothecia differ. The simplification of internal thalline structure corresponds here with the reduction of the thallus, as in other species. Fam. 6. Zecanorei* Dirin Californica (sp. nova) thallo eubtartareo rugoso- verruculoso cinerascente ; apotheciis mediocribus confer- tis sessilibus, disco convexo margineque prominulo fleruoso-subcrenato cinerec-pruinosis. Spore in thecis elengato-clavatis suboctona, dactyloidea, tetrablasta, diam. 3—5 plo longiores, incolores. Spermatia acicu- laria, arcwata, sterigmatibus simplicibus. Trunks of Oak (Quercus agrifolia) in the Oakland Slough ; Mr. Bolander. In general: aspect not a little like condi- tions of Lecanora glaucoma, and comparable also with L. ( Lecania) fecunda, described below : but not > 18 well with such European specimens asI possess of Dirina Ceratonia; which differs also in its much larger, broad-fusiform spores. Puacopium coralloides, Tuck. (*) Coast ; Mr. Bolander. P. cladodes, Tuck. Rocky Mountains ; Mr. Hall. P. elegans (Link) DC. Rocky Mountains; Mr. Hall. Dr. Parry. P. callopismum (Ach.) Merat? Coast; Mr. Bolander. P. fulgens (Sw.) DC. Rocky Mountains; Dr. Hayden. Piacopium bolacinum (sp. nova) thallo squamuioso fulvo, squamis glebulosis rotundatis levgatis subinde erenatis ; apothecus mediocribus zeormis subplanis disco aurantiaco. Spore octone, polari-dyblaste, diam. sub- duplo longiores, incolores. Sandstone bowlders, on the coast, Mr. Bolander; who finds a similar lichen on mud walls. ; P. cinnabarrinum (Ach.) Anz. Coast; Mr. Bolander. Piacopium Jluteo-minium (sp. nova) thallo crustaceo glebuloso lutescente ; apothecus mediocribus biatorinis ex aurantiaco mimatis, disco plano, margine ruguloso. Spore 8-16ne, oblonge dein fabaformes, dyblaste sporobl. approxvmatis isthmo deficiente, diam. 23 plo 33 plo longiores, incolores. On the earth, San Diego; Dr. J. G. Cooper. Spores larger and more regular than those of the next, from which the colours sufficiently distinguish the present. (*) Adopting here, as already in Obs. Lich. (7. c. 6, p. 266, 287) the general views of Dr. Stizenberger (Beitr. 7. c. p. 135) as to the systematic value of the effigurate type of thallus, I can- not hesitate to arrange with this last its fruticulose exaltation, so remarkably exhibited on the west Coast. The oniy known example of this type was Lecanora fruticulosa Eversm. (Spharo- thallia, Fr. Nees, prop.) but this 1s distinguishable, as a mem- ber of the section Aspicilia, from ZL. Bolanderi, &c.; and the latter cluster may take the sub-sectional designation of Clado- dium: as Placodiwm coralloides and cladodes 0: Thamnoma. 19 P. vitellimum (Ebrh.) Naeg. & Hepp. Coast; Mr. Bo- lander. Rocky Mountains; Dr. Parry. N. Mexico; Mr. Fendler. P. aurantiacum (Lightf.) Naeg. & Hepp., a. Coast; Mr. Bolander. P. cerinum (Hedw.) Naeg. & Hepp, a. Coast; Mr. Wright. Rocky Mountains; Dr. Parry. P. ferruginewm (Huds.) Hepp. New Mexico; Mr. Wright. P. sinapispermum (DC.) Hepp. Rocky Mountains; Mr. Hall. P. variabile (Pers.) Nyl., £.? Rocky Mountains (a frag- ment) Dr. Hayden. 3 Lecanora Bolanderi, Tuck. Coast; Mr. Bolander. LEcANORA phryganitis (sp. nova) thallo fruticuloso ochro- leuco, ramis teretibus ramosis mor rimuloso-rugulosis, "centro ceespttoso-stipatis, ambitu decumbentibus ; apothe- ews majusculis lateralilus sessilibus, margine subinte- gro discum carneo-luteslum primitus pruinosum vir superante, demum flexuoso-lobatis. Spore octone, ob- longe, simplices, sporobl. variobili, diam. 3-4 plo lon- giores, incolores. On sandstone rocks, coast; Mr. Bolander. The roundish patches often two inches in diameter, and the branches occur an inch long. The diameter of these is from half to three quarters of a line; and of the larger apothecia from one to two lines. I have indicated some apparent differences in the apothecia from those of the next following species, and J. pinguis, but the fruit of all three of these lichens is externally similar, and comparable at once with that of species of the varia-group, as also with that of D. rubina, 20 LECANORA thamnitis (sp. nova) thallo papillato-fruticu- oso, truncis pluribus teretiusculis fastigiato-ramosis in crustam verrucosam viridi-stramineam ewspitoso-stipa- tis; apothecus majusculis terminalibus subpodicellatis, disco pallido-luteolo, margine demum crenato. Spore ex ovoitleo ellipsoidew, simplices limbate 1. (sporobl. dein disrupto) sub-dyblaste, diam. 2-2} plo longiores. Sandstone rocks, with the last; Mr. Bolander. Evyo- lution of the thallus, which rather exceeds a quarter of an inch in height, comparable with that of Cladonia papillaria. Apothecia not unlike those of L. pinguis, and in some respects similar also to those of L. rubina ; the largest having a diameter of two lines. The papillose crust of L. aypospda (Wahl.) Ach., and that of L. poliophea (Wahl.) Ach., pass into a flat, more or less radious, common margin, of which there is no trace here. L. rubina (Vill.) Scher., a. (L. chrysoleuca, Ach.) Roeky Mountains; Dr Hayden. New Mexico; Mr. Fendler. Var. opaca, Ach. Rocky Mins; Dr. Hayden. L. muralis (Schreb.) Scher. (L. saxicola, Ach.) Coast; Mr. Bolander. ; L. pinguis, Tuck. Coast; Mr. Bolander. L. varia (Ehrh.) Ach. Coast; Mr. Bolander. L. pallescens (L.) Scher. Coast; Mr. Wright. Dr. Lyall. Rocky Mountains; alp.; Mr. Hall. L. pallida (Schreb.) Scher... (L. albella, Ach.) Coast; Mr. Wright. L. glaucoma (Hoffm.) Ach. Coast; Mr. Bolander. LZ. Cenisia, Ach. Coast; Mr. Bolander. LL, subfusca (l.) Ach., ff. Coast; Mr. Wright. L. atra (Huds.) Ach. Coast ; Mr. Wright. Lecanora fecunda (sp. nova) thallo contiguo diffraeto- rimoso albo (detrito chrysogonimico-aurantiaco ;) apeth- r. 2 _ sviis congestis-innatis difformibus plano-convexis, disco fusco albo-pruinoso, margine thallino tenui integro _ demisso l. subevanido. Spore in thecis confertis ven- __tricosis ocione, subdactyloidece, 5-6 blast, diam. 2-3} plo langiores, incolores. Spermatia acicularia, arcu- _ ala, sterigmatibus simplicibus infixa. On Quercus ag- rifolia, the ‘patches giving it a whitish appearance,’ Monterey ; Mr. Bolander. With the aspect of a com- mon state of Z. glaucoma, and really closely resem- bling it. Speresalways straight. Paraphyses scarce- ly distinguishable. Spermatia agreeing with those of the group represented by Z. subfusca. L. uthroocarpa, Dab., Nyl. San Diego; Dr. Cooper. Rocky Mountains; Dr. Hayden. L. punicea, Ach. Valley of Rio Grande; Mr. Wright. L.cinerea, (L.)Sommerf. Coast; Mr.Bolander. Rocky Mountains ; Dr. Parry. L. peliseypha (Wahl.) Coast; Mr. Bolander. L. chlorophana Wahl.) Ach. Southern ranges of Rocky Mountains ; Mr. Wright. L. Schieicheri (Ach.) Ny]. Rocky Mountains; Mr. Hall. | L. zanthophana, Nyl. (L. chrysops, Tuck.) Coast ; Mr. Bolander. Rrnoptwa oreina (Ach.) Massal. Rocky Mountains; Dr. Hayden. R. sophodes (Ach.) a, & ff. Coast; Mr. Bolander. Rixopina sabulosa (sp. nova) thallo tenui dein eontiquo tnequabili viridi-glaucescente ; apotheciis minutis ses- silibus, disco plano-convero fusco-nigro marginato, margine thallino persistente subintegro. Spore. octone, mediocres, ellipsoidece, tetrablastee demum submuriformi- pleioblastez, diam. 2-34 plo longiores, fuscescentes. On = ao = an gravelly earth, near the ocean; Mr. Bolander. The two central sporoblasts of the at first regularly quad- rilocular spore passing into four, and all the sporo- blasts broken at length into smaller ones. This in- teresting modification of the spore-type of Rinodina looks evidently beyond the quadrilocular condition. The genus is represented very commonly on the rocks and trees of California, mostly in states not widely divergent from the type of R. sophodes ; but no trace has appeared of R. Ascociscana (Lecanora, Tuck. Suppl. 2, p. 204.) PERTUSARIA pertusa (L.) Ach. sub Porina, var. areolata, Clement. Coast; Mr. Bolander. P, Wulfenii, DC., Nyl. Coast; Mr. Bolander. URcEOLARIA scruposa (L.) Ach., terricola. Coast; Mr. Wright. Rocky Mtns; Mr. Hall. Var. parasitica, Sommerf, Coast (on thallus of Cladonia) Mr. Bolan- der. THELOTREMA lepadinum, Ach. Oregon; Scouler, Tribe II. LECIDEACEI, Fr. Fam, 1. Cladoniei, Th, Fr. STEREOCAULON tomentosum, Fr. Rocky Mountains ; Mr. Bourgeau. Mr. Hall. . S. paschale (L.) Fr., f. Coast; Mr. Bolander. PitopHorus acicularis (Ach.) Th. Fr. N. W. Coast ; Menzies. Rocky Mountains; Hook. Herb. » CLADONIA turgida (Ehrh.) Hoflm. N. W. Coast; Hook. herb. C. Santensis, Tuck. Coast; Mr. Bolanders C. pyxidata, (L.) Fr. Coast; Mr. Bolander. Rocky Mtns; Dr. Hayden. N. Mexico; Mr. Fendler. C. gracilis (L.) Fr, a. Coast; Mr. Bolander. Rocky ‘Mountains; Dr. Parry. Var. hybrida, Scher. N.W. Coast; Hook. herb. Rocky Mtns; Mr. Hall. Var. elongata, Fr. Coast; Menzies. Rocky Mtns; Mr. Hall. C. fimbriata (L.) Fr., a. Coast; Mr. Bolander. Van- couver's Island ; Dr. Lyall. N. Mexico; Mr. Fendler. C. cenotea, Ach. Vancouver's Island; Dr. Lyall. C. furcata (Schreb.) Fr., a. N. W. Coast, and Rocky Mountains; Hook. herb. Varr. racemosa, F)., & subu- lata, Fr. N.W. Coast; Douglas. Rocky Mtns; Mr. Bourgeau. C. uncialis (L.) Fr., v. adunca, Pali Vancouver's Island ; Dr. Lyall. CG; Sommmconidides (L.) Fr. Vancouver's Island; Dr. Lyall. C. bellidiflora (Ach.) Scher. Coast; Douglas. Mr. Bolander. C. deformis (L.) Hoffm. Rocky Mountains; Mr. Hall. Fam. 2. Levideei* Bxomyces eruginosus (Scop.) DO. (Biat. iemadophila Fr.) Oregon; Dr. Lyall. ’ Bratora Russellii, Tuck. (Lecidea, Obs. Lich.) Rocky Mountains ; Dr. Hayden. B. globifera (Ach.) Fr. Auburn; Mr. Bolander. B. luridella, Tuck. (Lecidea, Obs. Lich.) N. Mexico: Mr. Fendler. Rocky Mountains; Dr. Hayden. 24 B. crenata (Endocarpon crenatum, & E. speireum, Tayl., eNyl. Lecan. chonion, Tuck. Suppl. 1.] Valley of Rio Grande; Dr. Bigelow. &. decipiens (Ehrh.) Fr. Coast; Mr. Bolander. Rocky Mountains; Dr. Hayden. BiATORA scotopholis (sp. nova) thallo areolato-squamoso nigro-castanco, squamulis aggregatis tenuibus rotunda- tis moa crenato-lobatis, hypothallo nigro ; apotheeiis adnatis planis margina tenui obtuso, dein convexis, fusco-atris, intus albis. Spore parve, ellipsoidec, simplices, diam. subduplo longiores, incolores. Sand- a i stone of the coast; Bolander. The irregular thallus appearing black to the naked eye; by which the minute scales are scarcely appreciable. B. icterica, Mont. (Lecid. endochlora, Tayl., e Nyl. Lecan. Wrightw, Tuck. Suppl. 1.) B. coarctata (Ach.) Th. Fr. terrestris. Coast; Mr. Bo- lander. B. glebulosa, Fr. Coast; Mr. Bolander. B. castanee, Hepp. Mocky Mountains, alp.; Mr. Hall. B. sanguineo-atra (Fr.) Rocky Mountains, alp.; Mr. Hall. B. cinnabarrina (Sommerf.) Fr. Pend Oreille r., N. Oregon ; Dr. Lyall. B. russula (Ach.) Mont. Rocky Mountains; Dr. Parry. B. erysibe, Fr. Rocky Mountains; Dr. Hayden. LEecrpEA enteroleuca, Ach. Coast; Mr. Bolander. N Mexico; Mr. Fendler. Var. theioplaca. Coast; Mr. Bolander. L. vitellinaria, Nyl. Rocky Mountains; Dr. Hayden. L. insularis, Ny]. Coast; Mr. Bolander. LL. fusco-atra, Ach., Fr. Rocky Mountains; Dr. Parry. L. atrobrunnea (Ram.) Scher. Rocky Mtns. ; Dr. Parry. DEA ruginosa (sp. nova) thallo e glebulis rugoso- congestis virescenti-fuscis ; apotheciis mediocri- bus sessilibus planis, intus albis, disco ¢ rufo nigricante, me gine obtuso. Spore 6-8nee, aciculares, pleioblaste., diam. 12-16 plo longiores, ineolores. Serpentine rocks _ on the coast; Mr. Bolander. With a thallus not ill- comparable with that of Z. conglomerata, Ach., this species offers acicular spores (Zbninia, Auct.) Para- physes lax, brown-headed. Lecipea massata (sp. nova) thallo glebuloso-verrucoso viridi-glaucesccnte ; apotheciis mediocribus, centro affixis _ plinis atris, margine temti. Spore parve, eymbifor- mes, dyblasta (rarissime 3-4 blast) diam. 2-4} plo ; iores, incolores. Loose gravelly soil on hillsides, ‘ near the sea; Mr. Bolander. Spores best comparable with those of Z. granosa, (Obs. Lich.) but scarcely other than bilocular. Those of my English speci- mens of L. aromatica (Borr. Herb.) as well figured by Mudd (Man. Brit. Lich. t. 3, f. 64) are obtuse and Father finger-shaped, quadrilocular, and of twice the dimensions. LZ. morio (DC.) Scher. Rocky Mountains; Dr. Parry. Buetrra (*) epigea (Pers.) Rocky Mountains; Dr. Hayden. Bvettta radiata (sp. nova) thallo rimoso-arcolato glau-« cescente, ambilu radioso-plicalo; apotheciis innatis, (*) The genus is disposed here in accordance with the views expressed in the preliminary observations, and exhibits the Whole differentiation of the colonred spore —B. Africana (Lex eidea. Tuck. Obs Lich) with Pe2--epiate spores, is an interest- ing widition to the effigurate secttn (Culolechia. Flot, Az) omit B Japonica (Iced. Ots Lich) Bo Baza: (Leeid ‘tuck. Supp!) und B vernicoma (Leeid Tuck. Su pl) in which last the spores are qnadrilocular, are other lichens referable to Buelha, as here taken, 46 disco plano-convexo nigro albo-pruinoso, margine tenui thallo primitus coronato. Spore octone, parve, e sub- roiundo brevi-cllipsoidee obtuse, dyblaste, fusca. Rocks on the coast; Mr. Bolander. Thallus of young plants contiguous, the circumference obscurely effig- urate. In older ones the lobation of the margin is not very unlike that of states of Lecanora circinaia. Apothecia generally comparable with those of Z. albo- atra; but the spores differ. B. lactea (Massal.) Koerb. Coast; Mr. Bolander. B, stellulata (Tayl.) Coast; Mr. Bolander. BuE.Luia pullata (sp. nova) thallo areolato obscure fusco, areolis confertis minutis concavis angulatis crenatisque ; apotheciis sessilibus, disco nigro epaco marginem obtusum demum excludente. Spore octonee. obtuse ellipsoidee, dyblaste, diam. 2-3} plo longiores, fusee. Rocks on the coast; Mr. Bolander. Scale-like areoles compara- ble with those of conditions of Lecidea fusco-atra, but minute. Spores with approximated sporoblasts; the isthmus obsolete. \ B. halonia (Ach.) Coast; Mr. Bolander. B. parasema (Ach.) Koerb. Coast; Mr. Bolander: Rocky Mountains; Dr. Parry. B. papiliata (Sommerf., Nyl. B. insignis, Th. Fr.) Rocky Mountains; Dr. Parry. B. albo atra (Hoffm). Th. Fr. Coast; Mr. Wright. B. parasitica (Floerk.) Th. Fr. Coast; Mr. Bolander, B. oidalea, Tuck. (Lecid, Obs. Lich.) Alcatraz; Mr. Wright. Mendocino city ; Mr. Bolander. San Diego ; De. Cooper. Oregon; Dr. Newberry. B. Montagnai (Flot., Koerb.) Rocky Mountains; Dr. Hayden. y B. geographica (L.) Rocky Mountains; Dr. Parry. Coast; Mr. Bolander. , 37 ‘Tribe I]. GRAPHIDACEI, Eschw., Fr, Nyl. Oprcrarma varia (Pers.) Fr., v. pulicaris, Fr. Coast; . Mr. Bolander. Var. diaphora, Fr. Sund-stcne, San Bruno mtns; The same. Var. rimalis, Fr. Coust; Mr. Wright. O. vulgata, Ach., Ny]. Coast of Calif., Mr. Bolander. Tribe IV. CALICIACEI. (*) _ Spuerornorts globiferus (L.) DC. Coast, on trees ; Mr. Bolander. Vancouver's Island; Dr. Lyall. Acoriea Californicum, Tuck. (Trachylia, Obs. Lich.) Coast-rocks ; Mr. Bolander. Acoritm Bolanderi (sp. nova) thallo areolato-verrucoso ~— fulvo-cinereo hypothatlo nigricante subifimbriato ; apoth- ectis tn verrucis mastoideis innatis, disco suhplano nigro, margine obsoleto. Spore in thecis cylindraceis octone, spherice. simplices, fusce. Sandstone rocks on the Coast ; Mr. Bolander. Very rarely (ina large collec- tion of specimens) the wart-like areoles are flattened and obsenrely crennlate at the cirenmference ; but there is no approach to the plaited and lobulate thallus of the preceding species. The apothecial warts of A. Culifornicum reach at length a line in height, exceeding that inthe diameter. Those of the present are rather smaller, the largest scarcely at- taining toa line of height or diameter. Internally, (*) Of the two genera which sow constitute the Tribe Spha- rophoracei of authors, Acroseyphus. Lev , Mont., is, from the prevent writer's point of view. indnbitubly Caliciaceons - and might be called a fruticulose Acolium. Spherophorus is by no means »sclear: bat I shall attempt to shew. in another place, tha: however remarkable tae thallus of this type, its frnit is at least conceivable as an extreme deformation of that of Aco/ium. This latter name. proposed by De Notaris in 1847, is adopted here in place of Trachylia, as the designation of the earliest te statement of the genus, as now unders 28 the structure of the apothecia is generally similar in both ; but A. Bolanderi offers the first known instance, in Acolium, of spherical spores. Spermatia oblong, not unlike those of A. tympanellum (Nyl. Syn. t. 5, £. 32) the length from thrice to thrice and a half ex- ceeding the diameter. Acotium chloroconium (sp. nova) thallo tenui plicato-ver- ruculoso glaucescente; apotheciis imnato-prominulis nigris disco flavovirid’-pulverulento marginem flavican- tem dein nigrum superante. Spore in theeis cylindra- eeis octone, parve, oblusissime cllipsoidece medio con- stricta, diam. viz duplo longiores, fusce. On Oak- bark (Quercus agrifolia) in company with Buellia oidalea, California; Mr. Bolander. Thallus compar- able, except in its minnteness, with that of A. tym- pandlum. Apothecia agreeing better with those of A. stigonellum,; from which the present differs in possessing a proper thallns, in its greenish-yellow bloom, and smaller spores. (*) Caricium subtile, Fr. Dead-wood, San Diego; Dr. J. G. Cooper. Tribe V. VERRUCARIACEI (Fr., 1821, Fee) Stizenb. DERMATOCARPON miniatum (L.) Eschw. Coast; Mr. Bolander. D. Guepini (Moug.) Coast (infert.) Mr. Bolander. D. rufescens (Ach.) Th. Fr. N. Mexico; Mr. Fendler, (*) Of other species, A. Javanicwm (Mont. & V.d. Bosch) Stizenb (Lrachylia, Ny!., Tuck. Obs. Lich, Pyrgillus, Ny| Syn.) found by the late Dr. Hale in Louisiana, is perhaps bardly to be expected. Acroscyphus however, (A. spha@rophoroides, Lev.) collected by Humboldt and Bonpland near Perote in Mexico, may not impossibly occur farther north. D. hepaticum (Ach.) Th. Fr. Rocky Mountains; Dr. Hayden. N. Mexico; Mr. Fendler. Enpocarron pusillum, Hedw., Th. Fr. (£. pallidum, Ach., Nyl.) N. Mexico; Mr. Wright. Collemaceous Lichens are but ill represented in the collections. The following are all that have been de- termined. CoLteMA coccophorum, Tuck. N. Mexico; Mr. Wright. ©. cristatellam (sp. nova) thallo subeffuso olivaceo-nigro ¢ lobulis minutis confertis crassis erectiusculis complicatis margine granulatis ; apotheciis mediocribus plano-con- wexis, disco caslaneo margine tenui granulato-crenato. Spore oblongo-ovoider, e tetrablasto trregulariter pleio- Waste, diam. 3-4 plo longiores, incolores. On the earth, in gravelly soils, Santa Fe, New Mexico; Mr. Fendler. Comparable with, but I think a distinct plant from the European C. cristatum, Scher. C. Texanum, Tack. Valley of Rio Grande ; Mr. Wright. ©. flaccidum, Ach. New Mexico; Mr. Fendler. C. nigrescens (L.) Ach. Coast; Mr. Bolander. Leptocium tremelloides (Ach.) Fr. N. Mexico; Mr. Fendler. LZ. palmatum (Huds.) Mont. Coast; Menzies. Mr, Bolander. LZ. saturninum (Ach.) Nyl. Rocky Mountains; Hook. hb. N. Mexico; Mr. Fendler. Z. muscicola (Sw.) Fr. Coast; Mr. Bolander. APPENDIX. The Lichens, of which characters are here subjoined have not yet occurred in the regions embraced in the above list. 30 GYALECcTA radiatilis (sp. nova) thallo tenui contuguo mequabilt glaucescente, hypothallo albo; apothectis minutissinus emergentibus thallo adscendente margina- tis, excipulo connivente urceolato radiato-striato nigro. Spore inthecis subcylindraceis octone, ex ellipsoideo oblongo-ellipsoidece, simplices, diam. 24—3% plo lon- giores, incolores. On bark, South Kingstown, Rhode Island; Mr. J. L. Bennett.. The very minute apothe- cia are distinguishable, by the contrast of colours, by the naked eye, but require a powerful lens for their (external) examination. They are much more eyvi- dently gyalectine than G. epulotica, Ach., a lichen which Iam now inclined to consider as. best placed by Koerber, together with G, odora, Scher., under Lecanora sect. Aspicilia, and are comparable rather e with the Cuban lichen (Wright Lich. 1. c. 5, p. 414.) described by me as Gyale ta asteria (Obs. Lich. 1. ¢., d, p. 414.) From this the present differs in its black exciple with a constantly pore-like aperture, and especially in the interesting point that the spores are always simple; thus completing the sporal history of the genus. It now appears impossible to doubt that G. asteria isidentical with Parmelia (Urceolaria) Valen- zuehana, Mont. Pl. Cell. Cub. p. 205; and the Cuban species must therefore take the name of G. Valenzuex liana. Ramonia, Stizenb., founded upon this lichen (Beitr. z. Flechtensyst. p. 168) was probably a syste- matic consequence, due to Montagne’s reference of his plant to Urceolaria. But itis even more difficult to follow Nylander (Obs. in Bot. Zeit.) in subsuming such structure as this under Lecanora.—One word here of respectful homage to the memory of that genial eryp- togamist who first illustrated the plant we have been considering. If a reverent handling of nature, and 31 an ever friendly sympathy with al! who sought like him to learn her secrets, add anything to the worth of what a man has accomplished, they may well em- balm the name of Moyracys. -Biarora tephra (sp. nova) thallo tenuissimo contigquo equabili dein diffracto-rimuloso cinereo fuscescente, hypothallo nigricante sublimitato ; apotheciis mediocri- bus sessilibus, disco plano rufo hypothecio pallido im- posito, margine crasso integro demum nigro. Spore in thecis clavatis octone, parvule, ellipsoidec, simpli- ces, diam. 11—23 plo longiores, incolores. On trees, Hong Xong, China (U. S. N. Pacif. Expl Exp.) Mr. Wright. Apothecia comparable with those of forms ofthe group represented by B. auriyera (Fee) from which the present is separated by its pale hypotheci- um. Considered by themselves, the biatorine types of Lecidea, Ach., may well appear too intimately akin to the lecideine to admit of generical separation. In a larger view however it is snfficiently evident that two parallel series are exhibited in the family before us; andsuch separation may be accepted as most convenient, if not, with Fries ‘Zichenologiam idealiter intuenti,’ (I. EB. p. 247) as clearly necessary. In ac- cordance with observations already made, 1 regard the natural groups Biatora and Lecidea as exhibiting the development of the colourless spore-type, and Heterothecium Filot., emend., and Buellia, of the coloured.(*) Nh He A ee yet | (*) Accorling to this, Bias. oncodes, orphnewa, furfurosa (Cuba, C Wright) polycampia, ehlororphnia, luteo-rufula, mi- crops. melampepla, pellaa, seitula, palmicola, thysanota, ma- jorina, leucocheila, microphyllina, medialis, chlorosticia, Wri- ghtit (Leciler, Tuctkerm. Obs. Lich. Ul ce) will be properly separeble trom Heterothecium Simodens-, leptocheilum, pachy- cheilum, aureolum, vulpinum, and turbinatum (Lecidd., Obs. Lich. ul. ec.) 82 BuELLIA inguilina (sp. nova) apothectis in thallo apothe- eiisque Pertusariarum eorticolarum parasitantibus, minutis sessilibus atris intus einerascentibus, margine tenui prominulo discum plano-convecum opacum cin- gente. Spore octone, ellipsoidee, dyblaste, diam. 2—23 plo raxiws 3 plo longiores, fuscescentes, Om eorticoline Pertusarie, North Carolina; Rev. Dr. Curtis. South Carolina; Mr. Ravenel. Texas (spores not seen) Mr. Wright. Appearing to represent here, in some sort, the pertusariicoline