Eee inetd oh ier Tia ated rks Ua WU Aa) | pees ty Piaenyy Ay yes a a. yy Wy ni hd 1 US So’ eae Wee Rit vad a auf eit Ce Maniany Ah mah!) PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. ; PART XXIV. 1856. PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY ; SOLD AT THEIR HOUSE IN HANOVER-SQUARE, AND BY MESSRS. LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN AND LONGMANS, - PATERNOSTER-ROW. > all te ~ TTT ee LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS, With References to the several Articles contributed by each. Apams, Artuur, R.N., F.L.S., &e. Description of Two New Shells discovered by Robert MacAndrew, Esq., on the Coast of Norway.............. Descriptions of Thirty-four New Species of Bivalve Mol- lusca (Leda, Nucula and Pythina) from the Cumingian Col- Oe ai EIR le a oe Sa ch oe Nae AA oh no. a 8S 0 afm Notice of a New Species of Trichotropis, from the Collec- tion of Hugh Cuming, Esq. ............ m seeierk Barrett, A. D. Letter addressed to Dr. Gray respecting the Living African Lepidosiren in the Crystal Palace. ..... PEE THU IAT BY CARPENTER, P. P. Notes on the Species of Hipponyx inhabiting the American Coasts, with descriptions of New Species................ Description of New Species of Shells collected by Mr. T. Bridges in the Bay of Panama and its vicinity, in the Col- lection of Hugh Cuming, Esq....... 0.2... 0002 sce cues Description of New Species and Varieties of Calyptreide, Trochide and Pyramidellide, principally in the Collection of Hugh Gunmag( Reqs 0: « Liu. sonal wovia ya coligitwst ~ Descriptions of Shells from the Gulf of California and the Pacific Coasts of Mexico and California .......... sales page 47 . 369 346 — 159 iv pag Monograph of the Shells collected by T. Nuttall, Esq., on the Californian Coast, in the years 1834-5.............. 209 First Steps towards a Monograph of the Recent Species of Petaloconchus, a genus of Vermetide ........--+++++: 313 Crisp, Epwarps, M.D. Observations on Strongylus filaria and Botaurus stellaris 53 On the Viscera of Hsog tucius:.:).2() 58.636 4.6.6. cee 106 Remarks on Mus Musculus .......... oe catch e eee ee On the Head and Brain of a Monoculous Lamb........ 149 - Dunxer, Dr. On New Shells from the Collection of Mr. Cuming.. 354, 358 Farruoime, J. K. E. Observations on the Pteropus of Australia ............ 311 On the Australian Dugong (Halicore Australis)........ 352 The Blacks of Moreton Bay and the Porpoises ........ 353 Fraser, Louis. Exhibition of Birds from the Collection of T. C. Eyton, Gasko1n, Joun S., F.L.S. On a peculiar variety of Mus Musculus..........-..... 38 On some Defects in the Growth of the Antlers, and some results of Castration, in the Cervide ...........0 000-005 151 Gou.tp, Joun, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., &e. On a New Turkey, Meleagris Mewicana .............. 61 On Two New Species of Birds (Nestor notabilis and Spa- tula variegata) from the Collection of Walter Mantell, Esq.. 94 Descriptions of Two New Species of True Cuckoos (Genus Cuculus.as restricted)... j< in »ms+0q Cea absie Me > ine aiden 96 Description of a New Trogon and a New Odontophorus .. 107 On some Birds collected by Mr. John MacGillivray, the Naturalist attached to H. M. Surveying Ship Rattlesnake, and ——e,? v page lately sent home by a Denham, the Commander of the MRPOGHION 5. 5's 5 oa ae “SF asy Lago On Two New mek of Homing Birds shlong to the Genus Amagilius, ... 00. 20 ce wT. 3E 1150 Gray, Georce R., F.L.S. and Z.S. Ub mew mpedien OF Pigeon... ke ce cn ones ae 6 On a New Species of Lepidopterous Insect ............ 7 Gray, Dr. Joun Epwarp, F.R.S., &c. On the Genus Assiminia (Leach) .................... 20 Description of the Animals and Teeth of Tylodina and other Genera of Gasteropodous Mollusca .................... 41 On the Position of the Genus Proserpina in the System, and a Description of its Dentition ...................... 99 On the Nucleus of the Operculum of Cyclostoma elegans.. 147 On a Monstrosity of Haliotis (albicans ?)....-......... 147 Notice of some Indian Tortoises (including the Description of a New Species presented to the British Museum by Pro- fessor Oldham) ...... petesuoney. Lie epuveltoD -ublge 181 On a New Species of Squirrel (Sciurus macrotis) from Borneo 341 Observations on a Living African Lepidosiren in the Crystal Palawet evr oN Ae evs wis. bh, Aes St Gumi se 342 Description of a New Species of Chelodina from Australia 369 HAntey, SyYLvanuvs. Descriptions of Four New Species of Kelliade in the Col- lection of Hugh Cuming, Esq. ............ 020. .000004. 340 Hepptez, Rosert. On a Whale of the Genus Physalus, Gray, captured in eminGreces ete: or skeet ste 3: Pek opin 187 Hox.psworrn, E. W. H., F.L.S., &c. Description of a New Species of Actinia from the Devon- TG CRE eee ess sna tos. acu +. soo). § Bite 172 vi Horsrie_p, THomas, M.D., F.R.S., &e. page Catalogue of a Collection of Mammalia from Nepal, Sikim, and Tibet, presented to the Hon. East India Company ey BA H.. Hodsson, Haq. 667. co eas s cv cc oo sO eee Hutton, Masor THomas. Extract from a Letter addressed to Adam White, Esq., dated Mussoree, Nov. 27, 1855.. See se Owen, Proressor, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., &e. On Dinornis (Part VII.) : containing a Description of the Bones of the Leg and Foot of the Dinornis elephantopus, OWE sh ial ascie: sig hoc lehasdao Osteological Contributions to the Natural History of the Chimpanzees and Orangs (Troglodytes Pithecus), No. VI... Preirrer, Dr. L. Descriptions of Twenty-five New Species of Land Shells, from the Collection of H. Cuming, Esq. ............-... Descriptions of Twenty-seven New Species of Land Shells collected by M. Sallé in the State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.... < Descriptions of Fifty-eight New Species of Helicea, from the Collection of H. Cuming, Esq. .......... 20 20.see os Descriptions of Sixteen New Species of Pneumonopoma, from the Collection of H. Cuming, Esq. .... 2.2.0.2... 0-008. Descriptions of Nineteen New Species of Land Shells, from the Collection of H. Cuming, Esq., collected ne M. Ghies- breght at Chiapa, Mexico,......... Par seseelae cam Descriptions of Eighteen New oe of Land Shells, col- lected on the Admiralty Islands, from the Collection of H. Cuming, Wags. 05:50 a Sie oak oe iyainles sete ee ener a ae Descriptions of Thirty-three New Species of Land Shells, from the Collection of H. Cuming, Esq. ................ Descriptions of Two New Species of Melampus, from Mr. Cuming’s Collection ...... Wolpe ln as hale e tn ay aes coe am or 54 369 vii Reeve, Lovett, F.L.S. & GS. page Description of Three New Volutes, from the Collections of the Hon. Mrs. Cathcart and Mr. Cuming .............. 2 RicHarRpson, Sir JonNn, C.B., F.R.S. L. & Ep., &e. On some Fish from Asia Minor and Palestine .......... 371 SciaTer, Puixir L., M.A., F.L.S. Note on the Zoological Appendix to the ‘Report of the U.S. Naval Astronomical Expedition to the Southern Hemi- sphere,’ and on the Geographic Range and Distribution of the Tanagrine Genera, Calliste and Huphonia............ 18 On some additional Species of Birds received in Collections POOPIE cE iidils atv e ot Poe ce vs dns se vg hn ws 25 Note on Psaltria flaviceps, a third American Species of SUC T Ce (cg 71 17 i a rir Synopsis Avium Tanagrinarum.—A Descriptive Catalogue of the known Species of Tanagers .............. 64, 108, 230 Note on Buglodytes albicilius, Bp. ...... 260-0000 eee 97 On some New or imperfectly known Species of Synallaxis 97 List of Mammals and Birds collected by Mr. Bridges in the vicinity of the town of David, in the province of Chiriqui, ey SECC ERR AMON Ne ai aap gk inte en ohm 8 a ping 4 te 138 Note on some Birds from the Island of Ascension ...... 144 On the Species of the American genus Parra .......... 282 Catalogue of the Birds collected by M. Auguste Sallé in Southern Mexico, with Descriptions of New Species ...... 283 On a New Tanager of the genus Calliste ............-. 311 TEGETMEIER, W. B. On the remarkable peculiarities existing in the Skulls of the Feather-crested variety of the Domestic Fowl, now known Me PO MERMRMRLE Loo Fyre yin 50k 4 > eitnadys ¢ aie eee Vili TuHomrson, WILLIAM. page Remarks on Nika edulis, Risso..........:0+0+5 sional 102 Tomes, Roserrt F. On Three Genera of Vespertilionide, Furipterus, Natalus, and Hyonycteris, with the Descriptions of Two New Species 172 Verreavux, M. Juxues, Corr. Mem. Note sur un Nouveau Genre des Oiseaux de Proie ...... 145 Note sur le Messager ou Serpentaire du Cap de Bonne- Espérance (Serpentarius reptilivorus, Daud.) ........-+.- 348 Wuirte, Ava, F.L.S. Descriptions of some Coleopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, hitherto apparently unnoticed... .. 8, 406 Some remarks on Crustacea of the Genus Lithodes, with a brief Description of a Species apparently hitherto unrecorded 132 Description of Mygale Emilia, a Spider from Panama, hitherto apparently unrecorded ............-. 0-2. eee 183 Woopwarp, S. P., F.G.S. Un the Land and Freshwater Shells of Kashmir and Tibet, collected by Dr. T. Thomson. . ps RA ek ee oe Exhibition of Preparations of the Mantle and Oral Het ratus of the Recent British Terebratula (T. caput-serpentis) 368 YARRELL, WiLu1AM, F.L.S8. Notice of the occurrence of Otis tarda in Berkshire .... 1 LIST OF PLATES. 1856. MAMMALIA. Plate Page I OT Te) a ee ee EEG 38 XLII. Furipterus cerulescens, Tomes.................. } 172 XLIII. Natalus stramineus, Gray... ..... 6. eee cece ees. XLIV. ttt XLV. } Physatus upasdt, Heddle... 25 ose «oie ve sa scr om s 187 XLVI. Sciurus macrotis, tee, Eos rida ott 't Soneaie ie 34] XLVI. Paradowurus strictus, Horsf. ............ Sena oe: XLVIII. Paradoxurus quadriscriptus, Horsf. ............ XLIX. Mustela strigidorsa, Horsf. .................... 393 L. Arctonyx isonyx, Horsf. ........ 00. e cece eee J AVES. CXV. Calenas (Phlegenas) Stairi, G. R. Gray? sa Gea 6 CXVI. Margarornis brunnescens, Sclater................ CXVII. Octhoéea fumicolor, Sclater .................... CXVIII. Euscarthmus agilis, Sclater ..............004... 25 CXIX. Conopophaga cucullata, Sclater ................ CXX. Granatellus Sallei, Sclater ........0..0..000005. 292 CXXI. Pipra mentalis, Sclater.............. OOS ae aa 299 REPTILIA. . 1X: \ Testudo OTS CS a eee ne ie ae Xa. i x} Bat Nata, G ie a Batagur ocellata, Gray...... 0... cece cece cence XI. Lepidosiren annectens ............ 000 cececce cee 342 XII j Pe CwpARsG, GEAY os wines i aiu cous s ceutls vies 369 XI a. } Chelodina expansa, Gray MOLLUSCA. Plate Page XXXII. Voluta Cathcartie, V. Americana, V. Africana...... 2 MOONUVs ELA :Ofe8! (GIDC ANS?) 5 a.c ore. «avers as olaheye'siais storatels we win Wha 318 XXXYV. | Dr. Pfeiffer’s New Species of Land Shells, collected } 377 XXXVI. at VerasCrizqemiapa, CoC. i. ...5'«/.j012 erstetes ater ens 38] 385 ANNULOSA. XXXIX. Papilio (Ornithoptera) Victorie, G. R. Gray........ 7 \ Mr. Adam White’s New Coleopterous Insects...... 8, 406 XLII. Lithodes (Petalocerus) Bellianus, White............ 132 OD, Wij abe Eales NVNGe cone ai e's, oie )s sie1d'b:a.0/s «soir reo tapetene 183 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. January 22, 1856. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., in the Chair. Mr. Yarrell stated to the Meeting that on the 3rd of January of the present year 1856, a great Bustard, Otis tarda of Linnzeus, was taken in Berkshire. It was found about a mile from Hungerford, in the direction of Salisbury, by a boy, who observed that the bird had a broken leg, and could not, or did not, raise itself off the ground, He dragged it along by one wing to the farm to which he had been sent, where a man broke the bird’s neck, that the boy might carry it back home the easier. The bird is now at Mr. Leadbeater’s for _ preservation. It was a male, and appears to be in its second year. The following papers were read :— 1. Description or Two New SuHeExis DISCOVERED BY ROBERT MacAnprew, Esa. on THE COAST OF NorWAY. Descrisep sy ArTHuR Apams, R.N. - 1. Scanarra Lovenn, A. Adams. 8S. testa pyramidali-turrita apice acuminata alba, anfractibus novem planiusculis, costis annularibus subdistantibus, angustis lamellatis recurvatis prope suturas latioribus et uncinatis costarum interstitiis valde spira- liter liratis, anfractu ultimo lira valida ad basin cincto ; aper- tura rotundata. Hab. Ad litt. Scandinaviz. 2. Triroris Macanpram, A. Adams. T. testa pyramidali- turrita apice obtuso sinistrali tenuicula sordide alia, anfrac- tibus quatuordecem rotundatis spiraliter liratis liris planis @qualibus subdistantibus (ad anfractum ultimum, sex) inter- No. CCCI.—Procrrpinés or tHe Zoo.ocicat Society. 2 stitiis sub lente longitudinaliter tenuissime striatis ; apertura rotundata, canali brevi aperto. Hab. Ad litt. Scandinaviz. 2. Description oF Turree New VoLutTes From THE CoL- LECTIONS OF THE Hon. Mrs. Catucart AND Mr. CumING. By Lovett Reeve, F.L.S. & G.S. (Mollusca, Pl. XX XIII.) 1. Votuta Catucartiz. Vol. testa cylindraceo-oblonga, basi recurva, spira brevi, apice papillari, anfractibus superne con- cavo-declivibus, deinde subplanatis ; columella quadriplicata, plicis basin versus descendente ; apertura elongata, subangusta, labio simplici, curvato; aurantio-fulva, nigricante-purpureo trifasciatim interrupte maculata, maculis valde irregularibus et varie nebulatis, anfractuum sutura peculiariter pene et maculata. Long. 33 poll. ; lat. 14 poll. Hab. ig This fine species of Voluta, from the collection of the Hon. Mrs. Macadam Cathcart, will not admit of defined comparison with any known species. It has somewhat the tone of colour and marking of V. Pacifica, but is of quite another typical form. The spire is short and largely papillary, and the plaits of the eu eae four in number, descend elongately to the base. 2. Votuta Americana. Vol. testa subabbreviato-fusiformi, spira exserta, turrita, apice vie papillari, anfractibus superne concavo-angulatis, ad angulum tuberculis rotundatis, interdum in plicis descendentibus eleganter coronatis ; columella superne arcuata, deinde callosa et quadriplicata, plica superna fere obsoleta, apertura subeffusa; pallida, fulvescente, aurantio- Susco trifasciatim interrupte maculata, et juxta suturam picta, interstitiis eximie reticulata. Long. 12 poll. ; lat. 2 poll. Hab. Brazil. Of very characteristic form, faintly banded and reticulated with orange-brown; also in the collection of the Hon. Mrs. Macadam Cathcart. 3. Votura Arricana. Vol. testa ovata, subventricosa, spira exserta, apice subpapillari, anfractibus superne concavo-angu- latis, ad angulum tuberculato-nodatis, nodis interdum in costis descendentibus, columella arcuata, basin versus biplicata, aper- tura subeffusa ; fulvo-aurantia, lineis fuscis, punctis hierogly- phicis sparsim internotatis, in quaternis, fasciata, columella superne intense nigra. Long. 23 poll. ; lat. 13 poll. Hab. East coast of Africa. This species, from Mr. Cuming’s collection, partakes of the cha- Proc.Z $.Mallusca XXXII. GBS owexby Teh. W.West: amp . 12.Vohita Americana. 3.4:V.Africana.. 5.6. V.Cathcartize. 3 racters of V. festiva and V. Hebrea, but is of a totally distinct typical form, especially in respect of the columella, which is pecu- liarly arched, and has only two plaits at the base. The columella is stained at the top with the characteristic black spot of V. festiva. 3. Notres on THE SpreciesS or HIPPONYX INHABITING THE AMERICAN COASTS, WITH DescripPrions or New SPECIES. By Puitipe P. CARPENTER. The species of this genus have a helicoid apex when young, which is never persistent as in Pileopsis and Calyptreide proper. In many species the shape varies extremely, and is not to be taken alone as a specific distinction. The characters of the epidermis and basal margin are among the most constant. 1. Hirpronyx ANTIQUATUS, Linn. Patella antiquata, Linn. Syst. Nat. p.1259 ; Dillw. p.1035,no. 44. Le Soron, Adans. Sen. p. 32, pl. 2, f. 3 = P. nivea, Gmel. Pileopsis mitrula, Lam. An. s. Vert. vii. p. 610, no. 2. Capulus mitrula, Dunker, Ic. Moll. Guin. p. 36, no. 99. D’Orb. Sagra Moll. ii. p. 186. Hipponyx mitrula, Sow. P. Z.8. 1835, p. 5. HMipponyx antiquatus, Menke, Zeit. f. Mal. 1853, p. 79. Concholepas antiquatus, H. & A. Adams, Gen. 1. p. 373. Hipponyx Panamensis, C. B. Adams, Pan. Shells, p. 218, no. 328. ’ Amalthea Panamensis, H. & A. Adams, Gen. i. p. 374. Hab. West Indies, passim. W. Africa: Senegal, Adanson ; Loander, Tams; St. Vincent, Sehmidt. W. America: Lobos Island, Peru, Cuming; Panama, C. B. Adams. Base rounded, not crenated ; outside foliated, with faint radiating strie. Deshayes (from descriptions) doubts the identity of the African and Caribbzean shells. Menke and Dunker confirm it: “*possidemus hane cochleolam e remotissimis terree regionibus alla- tam” {Dunker). Sowerby’s species was described from Pacific shells. C.B.Adams, for geographical reasons, doubts their iden- tity, and names them H. Panamensis; “the apex being less pro- minent, the concentric lamin more numerous, and the radiating striz more deeply impressed.” All these are very variable cha- racters in the true H. antiguata, as well as in the Pacific specimens. 2. Hirponyx serratus, B. M. Cat. Mazatlan Moll. HI. foliaceus, Menke, Zeit. f. Mal. 1851, p. 36, no. 129, non Quoy & Gaim. Outside like H. antiquata; base flattened, broad, with numerous serrated laminz separated by brown epidermis in shreds. Muscular scar corrugated. This species is only yet known from Mazatlan.— Lieut. Shipley; Brit. Mus. Coll. ' 3. Hirpronyx Barsatus, Sow. P. Z.S. 1835, p. 5. C. B. Adams, Pan. Shells, p. 217, no. 327. Hipponyx australis, Menke, Zeit. f. Mal. 1847, p. 186, no. 38 ; non H. australis, Desh. (= Patella australis, Lamk.) 4 Outside with close radiating lines of bristly hairs; base round, smooth, crenated at the outer edge. The shell is quoted with doubt by C. B. Adams, because of the difference in zoological province. Hab. Society Islands, Cuming ; Panama, C. B. Adams; Mazatlan, Brit. Mus. Coll.; Atooi, Sandwich Islands, Nuttall. 3 (6). Hiprponyx ? BARBATUS, var. CosTELLATUS. H. ¢. “H. barbate”’ simili; sed costis paucioribus, validioribus ; apice subcentrali; setis minoribus, tenuivribus. Long. °5; lat. -42; alt. 27 poll. Hab. ? Ad insulas Maris Caribbzi. This may prove a distinct species, but is only described from a single specimen in my collection, of which I can give no exact authority for the locality. It has the exterior of H. Grayanus, with the base of H. barbatus. 4. Hrprponyx (AMALTHEA) GRayANnus, Menke, Zeit. f. Mal. 1853, p. 115. Hipponyx radiata, Gray, P. Z.S. 1835. C.B. Adams, Panama Shells, p. 218, no. 329. Menke, Zeit. f. Mal. 1853, p. 79; non H. radiata, Quoy & Gaimard, 1824; nec H. radiata, Desh. 1830, (= H. crispa, Menke). Hab. Gallapagos, Cuming ; Sandwich Islands, on Pinna, Nuttall ; Panama, C. B. Adams ; 8.W. Mexico, on Pinna, P. P. C.; Mazatlan, Brit. Mus. Coll.; St. Vincent (W. Africa), Schmidt, teste Menke. Apex subcentral; ribs fewer, coarser and more nodulous than in H. barbata, with softer, smaller, fewer, and more irregular hairs ; base flat, not very broad, rather rounded at the inner margin, cre- nated at the outer, with numerous lamelle, undulated but not serrated. v 5. Hirronyx susrurus, Lam. Pileopsis subrufa, Lam. An. s. Vert. vii. p. 611, no. 4. Hipponyz subrufa, Sow. P. Z. 8. 1835, p. 5. (Non P. militaris, Dillw., ut ?credit Desh.) Capulus subrufus, D’Orb. Sagra Moll., ii. 186, pl. 24, f. 24, 25. Hipponyx , sp. ind., C. B. Adams, Panama Shells, p. 217, no. 326. Concholepas subrufa, H. & A. Adams, Gen. i. p. 373. Lamarck’s shell was described from W. Indian specimens, Sowerby’s from Peruvian. There does not appear, however, any specific distine- tion between the two. Shell of a pinkish red, with full, recurved umbo, and finely cancellated surface ; base round, simple. Hab. W. Indies, passim ; Lobos Island, Peru, Cuming ; ? Panama, C. B. Adams. The figure of H. subrufus, jun. in Sow. Thes. Conch. pl. 73. f. 21, is much more like the young of H. barbatus. 6. Hirpponyx TUBERCULATUS, n.s. H. t. solida, conica, sub- rufa; apice subcentrali; costis radiantibus creberrimis, con- centrice tuberculosis, interstitiis minimis; epidermide incon- 5° spicua ; basi lata, planata, lamellis creberrimis instructa, intus vix undulatis, ad marginem secundum costas externas undatis ; cicatrice musculari levi. Long. *48; lat. °43; alt. +17 poll. Hab. Ad insulas Maris Caribbei. In Mus. Brit. The species is described from a specimen in my collection, but it exists unnamed in the British Museum. Outside somewhat like H. Grayanus, but with the ribs more crowded, with stronger tuber- cles, and without the scaly and hairy epidermis of that species ; base broad and sharp at both edges, like H. serratus, but with the lamellze not serrated or separated by epidermis, and with the muscular im- pression not corrugated. 7. Hrprponyx (AMALTHEA) EFFODIENS, n.s. H. ¢. solidis- sima, depressa, albida viridi tincta; irregulari, apice subcen- trali, seu vix monstrante ; sulcis radiantibus altis, valde distan- tibus, circiter xx. ad xxv. ; basi lata, non planata, intus rotun- data, levi, extus @ sulcis dentata; cicatrice musculari longitu- dinaliter tenuissime striata ; animali fossam altissimam alto in alio excavante. Long. *52; lat. -47; alt. *13 poll. Hab. Ad insulas Maris Caribbei. In Mus. Brit. et Mus. Cuming repertura est. Shell small, but enormously thick, and deeply cut by the few radiating furrows. Base rounded, toothed outside. Very deep ex- cavations are made in the shells by younger specimens. Specimens much larger than those described are in Mr. M‘Andrew’s collection. 4. Extract From A LETTER ADDRESSED TO ADAM Wuitz, Esa. By Mayor Tuomas Hutrron,—dated Mussoree, Nov. 27, 1855. “In a box despatched from this to Calcutta on the 22nd inst., I - enclosed a small packet for you containing living cocoons of Actias selene, in order that you may have an opportunity, if they survive the trip, of witnessing the mode in which the moth effects its escape, as I think the proceeding will be interesting to you and to entomo- logists generally. I have added two Cocoons in which the pupa is dead, in order to show you how distinctly visible are the wing spines, which formerly induced me to re-name the genus as ‘ Plectropteron,’ a term which I still think more applicable than Actias, in which the generic characters make no mention of the spine. As this instru- ment exists in both the species found in India, you will probably also detect it in 4. luna, of America: and whether the generic name be changed or not, the characters must be revised. Before pro- ceeding to separate the threads by the wing spines, I have ascer- tained that the Moth ejects from the mouth a few drops of a clear colourless fluid, with which the gum is dissolved, and it appears to use the tuft of down on the front, between the eyes, as a brush for the application of the solvent. This is a curious fact, as the genus, 6 like Saturnia, is said to have no mouth! I believe the fact stands thus,—there is no mouth organized for the reception of nourishment, though sufficiently so to secrete the fluid in question; this you can ascertain by dissection ; but that a fluid is ejected from that organ is a fact which I have repeatedly witnessed, and it is probable, there- fore, that Saturnia and other genera secrete a similar fluid, and similarly apply it to the threads. I have neither eyes nor glasses adapted for anatomical dissection, but you will be able to follow up the hint here given. I long since wrote about the wing spine to Mr. Westwood, who, I believe, doubted the fact of its existence ; but as I have here no opportunity of seeing what is said and done on these subjects, I know not how the matter ended.” February 12, 1856. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., in the Chair. The following papers were read :— 1. On a New Species or Picreon. By G. R. Gray, F.L.S. & Z.S., erc. (Aves, Pl. CXV.) As I believe the members of the Society take some interest in those birds which have passed a portion of their existence in the Gardens, I am induced to place before them a Pigeon, which I have every reason to suppose has remained hitherto undescribed. It be- longs to the same division as the Garnet-winged Pigeon of Latham (Columba erythroptera, Gm.), which has been placed in Dr. Reich- enbach’s subgenus Phlegaenas by H. H. Prince Bonaparte ; but I think that, considering the numerous divisions that have been formed in this class of birds, it might with equal propriety be divided from it. I am led to consider that there exists some slight confusion in the description of the Columba erythroptera, which is stated by Latham (in his History, viii. p. 71) to come from the Isle of Eimeo, which he describes as having the “ belly and vent black,” but I think that this is a mistake; as I find amongst Ellis’s drawings, made during the voyage of the great cireumnavigator Cook in the year 1777-79, a representation of a Garnet-winged Pigeon that was found on ‘York Isle or Kimao,” having those parts pure white, and that it even extends to the end of the under tail coverts and on the thighs. Latham has further noticed two varieties, viz. that which forms his va’. A. is from Otaheite, and the description was taken from the Y ity ~ AC . ae (ie >. #s* , é +) Sng Pn a s / drawing of Forster, who also accompanied the same celebrated voyager during the years 1772-74, which exhibits the belly and vent as “dusky.” Forster had applied the name of C. /eucophrys to this bird, under which name the description will be found in his ‘ Descriptiones Animalium, &c.,’ edited by Professor Lichtenstein, at p- 168 ; while the variety B. is stated to be from the island of Tanna, and is recorded as having a “reddish black” belly (the same colour as the back). From these notices, there appear to be at least two, if not three species of Garnet-winged Pigeons; and may not they, like the Pti- lonopi, be peculiar to the different groups of islands of the South Pacific Ocean? This, however, cannot be at present satisfactorily determined, from want of specimens from the different localities, but Lhave ventured to draw attention to these differences, that it may lead to a further elucidation when an opportunity offers. I may add, however, that M. Temminck, in his work on Pigeons (t.55), figures one that may probably come near to variety B. of Latham, but he describes the belly. black with purple reflexions. The British Museum contains two specimens from Bow Island, which approach in some measure to the variety A. of Latham, but the belly is of a dusky greyish black. The one now exhibited is quite different from those referred to ; it may be described in the following terms, with the name of CaLanas (Poieca@nas) Starr. (Pl. CXV.) Glossy brown, with coppery reflexions in some light ; top of head and back of neck dark slate, glossy with green; front, side of neck and breast pale vinaceous brown; throat and a gorget round the breast white, which latter is margined outerly with dark garnet colour ; abdomen vinaceous brown, dusky on the sides ; quills dusky black, slightly margined with rufous ; tail brown, with a broad band of black at the end. Bill black and feet pale. ; The specimen is marked as a male, and I suppose was brought from the Samoan or Navigators’ Islands, as the British Museum was previously in possession of a skin given by the Rev. J. Stair as from that locality, with other interesting birds. 2. On a New Species or Lepiporrerovus INsEcT. By G. R. Gray, F.L.S. & Z.S., Erc. (Annulosa, Pl. XXXIX.) Among the various novelties sent home during the voyages of H.M.SS. ‘ Rattlesnake’ and ‘Herald’ by Mr. Macgillivray, is the splendid Butterfly now laid before the Society. It belongs to the great genus Papilio and to the subdivision Ornithoptera, and. like the other,known species of that group, its flight is very elevated; so much so, that it became necessary to employ powder and shot to secure the specimen; many shots have perforated the wings, and 8 have rather damaged the specimen, but still not so as to entirely destroy the beauty of this remarkable butterfly. No lepidopterous insect of its magnitude has hitherto been known from the locality of this species; which, from the other insects contained in the same box, is supposed (as no memorandum was sent with it) to be either Solomon Islands, Aneiteum, New Hebrides or the Fiji group,—at any rate from one of the islands in the South Pacific Ocean. The figure (Pl. XXXIX.) represents it of its natural size. The general colour is glossy bronze-black, with the two outer rows of irregular-sized spots of pure white, while those at the base of the fore wings are rich king-yellow, but partly pure white outerly ; the anterior margin of the secondary wings narrowly bordered with king- yellow. The under surface like the upper; but the anterior margin of the secondary wings broadly bordered, and some of the spots tinged, with rich king-yellow. The head and thorax pure black ; the body ochraceous yellow above, and black along the middle beneath. It is a female. The male remains at present unknown, but one may suppose, by the usual brilliancy of the males of this group to which it belongs, that it is likely to prove a most beautiful insect, exhibiting some gorgeous combination of colour. The name I propose for this splendid insect is Papilio (Ornitho- ptera) Victoria. 3. DescripTioNs OF SOME COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS IN THE CoLLecTION OF THE British MusEuM, HITHERTO APPA- RENTLY UNNOTICED. By Apam WHITE. (Annulosa, Pl. XL. XLI.) The number of “new species” of Coleopterous Insects in the Museum collection is in relative proportion to the great richness of the other branches. In this paper, some species belonging to the families Prionide, Lamiade, and Cetoniade will be given, as there is every likelihood, from the way in which these great. groups have been investigated by Messrs. Serville, Burmeister, Schaum, Gory, and other entomologists, that the species are as yet unrecorded in scientific works ; it is to the kindness of Dr. Gray, the keeper of the depart- ment, that I am indebted for permission in laying these descriptions before the Society. Tribe Loncicornia. Family Prionip#. The Prionide consist of several marked subfamilies, in one of which we would place Tricrenoroma, G. R. Gray, one of the most interesting of the genera of Beetles. This form, which appears to me to be altogether Longicorn, is chiefly remarkable for its hetero- merous tarsi, and for the ninth and tenth joints of its antennee being serrated or produced at the end, almost as in the Lucanide. It is one of those “aberrant”? forms which naturalists call ‘‘ annectent,”” G Tord 1. Sakai Comitessa. 6:Deucalion Wollastoni 11 Pheedinus xanthomelas. 2, Chevrolatii. 7. Moneilema albopictum 12 Phoebe concinna 3) ducalis. 8.Anisocerus onca - ]3Agelasta callizona 4. r emmaria. 9 Me capucinus. 14 ,, amuca. 5 . raerinil. 10. rt dulcissimus. 15. ,, Newmamni. Proc.Z..9.Annulosa.. XL W.West Imp Proc. ZS Amulosa XLI. + 2 5 ie 6. 1 i ra : e 9 | GHFord. WWest. Imp | : 1.2. Trigonophorus Hookeri J. 9 6. Cetonia, procera. : 3. Stethodesma, Servillei 7. Schizorhma.. Idee | 4. Clinteria, ducalis. 8 BassiL 3) i Hoffmeisteri 9 ‘ Enlia 10.Cetoma Schaum. 9 and which appear to partake of the characters of several groups,— _ for instance, with the depressed form and velvety pilosity of many Elaterida, it has five joints to the two first pairs of legs, and four only to the hind pair. Its head, jaws, and legs are essentially Longicorn, the number of joints of the tarsi being not a necessary character of the group; the tarsi of Parandra are pentamerous, and Dorx pentamera, an Australian insect described by Mr. Newman, has likewise five joints to all the tarsi. The sternum of Trictenotoma is also peculiar, that of the prothorax being received into a notch of the mesothorax, while the sternum of the metathorax is capable of being firmly fixed by “« dovetailing,” as it were, into the hinder notch of the mesothorax; in fact, this structure must enable the insect, if placed on its flat back, to “right” itself, like those Beetles called “‘Skip-jacks”’ (Elateride). In some species, such as 7’. Childrenii (G.R. Gray), T. Templetonit (Westw.), aud 7. Grayit (F. Smith), the sternum of the metathorax bulges; in 7’. @nea (Parry) that part is flattened, and the thorax is curiously serrated on the lateral margin in front, and has a very pro- jecting point on the side beyond the middle, and notched between that point and the posterior angle, instead of being nearly straight and simply angled as in the other three species. Of these Tricteno- tome, all the species described are in the Museum Collection ; the T. Childrenii being the type female specimen from the Tenasserim coast, described by Mr. G. R. Gray in one of the two insect volumes of Griffith’s edition of ‘Cuvier’s Animal Kingdom’ (pl. 5 and 5*). The T. Templetonii of Westwood (Oriental Ent. tab. 23, f. 3) is a native of Ceylon; like the former, it has a yellowish-grey pile; the T. Grayii described by Mr. F. Smith in 1851 (Cat. Coleopt. Brit. Mus. Cucujide, p. 18) is from Borneo, and has a purplish base beneath the more tawny pile of the upper parts; in the Museum there are two females, one from the collection of Mr. Alfred Wallace, who obtained it at Sarawak. The 7. enea, the giant of the genus, is of a brassy green, slightly pilose above. The Museum has lately obtained a specimen from India; the specimen was found by a soldier at Dhargeeling. To the same family, and not very remote from the subfamily con- taining Spondylis and its allies, belongs, in the opinion of Dr. Bur- meister, Mr. Westwood, and Mr. Leconte, the very anomalous Hypo- cephalus, of which a fine figure, with some striking remarks, has been published by Mr. Curtis in the ‘‘ Transactions of the Linnean Society ;”” of this species, three specimens known to me, exist in this country, one in Mr. Melly’s great cabinet at Liverpool, a second drawn by Mr. Westwood in the ‘ Arcana Entomologica,’ from a specimen in his own very curious collection, and a third exhibited at the Linnean So- ciety in 1854, from the rare cabinet of Mr. Aspinall Turner of Man- chester. This remarkable Prionidous insect, like the Mole-cricket, has been altogether constructed for a subterraneous life; its marvel- lously developed thorax, fossorial and burrowing legs, curiously de- fended head, abbreviated antennze, and other characters well shown by Mr. Westwood, and particularly by Mr. Curtis, all mark this ; just as Dorysthenes of the East, a burrowing insect, is shown by 10 M. Guerin-Meneville, to have Walrus-like jaws, as Lethrus has incurved mandibles and other features useful in supporting the creature in the holes of the ground whence it comes. As aberrant Prionide may be mentioned, the very curious genera Torneutes, Reich., described in the Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (ii. 9, t. 2, f. 7), of which three species are now known, one from Patagonia, described by M. Guerin, and the singularly interesting Hrichsonia of Mexico, named by Mr. Westwood, in memory of that most laborious and scientific of all the German entomologists, Dr. Erichson. The genus Thaumasus, Reich. (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1853, p. 419), founded on what Olivier described as a gigantic species of Ips (Ips gigas, Journ. d Hist. Nat. 1792, i. 267, pl. 14. f.6; Thaumasus g. Reich. 1. c. p. 422, pl. 13. f.4.), may be particularized as another aberrant form. In fact, the family Prionide, like many other great families, is more negative than positive, and will be found at its extremities, or at many points of its circumference, to lead off to other families, and even tribes : so that the naturalist, who wishes to simplify arrangement, however much he may split up genera, ought to avoid dividing families. It may interest the general reader to quote a short passage from a privately circulated paper, written by my friend Mr. Empson of Bath, a distinguished natural-history traveller in South America. The insect alluded to is the noble Psalidognathus Friendii (G. R. Gray), which is named by the natives of Columbia ‘Alaja,’ that is, ‘the jewel.’ Mr. Empson remarks, “ the first of these splendid insects which I ever saw, was at a feast given by the Cabildo, at Mariquita; upon that occasion Don Domingo Conde had placed one of them as a button to loop up, after the Spanish fashion, the broad brim of his Panama hat ; to this brilliant ornament a loop of living Fireflies was attached, in a mode common in South America, and which does not injure those dazzling insect gems ; thus decorated, the sombrero of the cavalero was more conspicuous in the ball-room than the jewelled tiaras of his more wealthy neighbours, although sparkling with the choice emeralds from the mines of Muzo. ‘After many a weary search,” adds Mr. Empson, ‘‘ with Don Domingo for my guide, in the primeeval forests on the eastern slopes of the Andes, we captured three of those Alajas.”” One of those, he remarks, “ was resting on the perishing trunk of a palm-tree ; in our eagerness to secure it, my hand was so much lacerated that I was obliged to relinquish my prize, and we saw its gorgeous colours flashing beneath the full blaze of a tropical sun; it settled on the stem of a cedar, and was then more cautiously transferred into my possession.” With these few remarks, which might be much amplified, a curious genus of Prionida, allied to Psalidognathus, G. R. Gray, and to Prionacalus, figured in a previous part of the Proceedings, may be here briefly described. It is strictly pseudo-tetramerous, and has much of the character of Mr. George Gray’s fine Columbian genus. This genus, for which I would propose the name Psalidocoptus*, is * Wanis, scissors, and ko7rw, from a fanciful idea of the waved outline being as it were cut with that instrument. 1] from Tana, in the New Hebrides, and is one of those fine insects for which science is indebted to the researches of Mr. John Macgillivray, the late able Naturalist of H.M. surveying ship ‘Herald.’ The sternum does not notably differ from that of Psalidognathus, but it differs in having very short palpi, much shorter antennz, the third jomt the longest, the eight following about equal in length. Head, exclu- sive of the jaws, rather longer than wide, behind the eyes somewhat narrowed and without projection. Eyes prominent, transversely kidney-shaped, very slightly notched in front. Thorax wider than long, but much longer than in Psalidognathus and Prionacalus, with three broadish spine-like projections on each side, one in front, one about the middle, and one befare the hinder angle. Scutellum small and wide, covering the abdomen; in the male, considerably sur- passing it. Wingless; elytra united on the suture, contracted some- 12 what at the base, where there is a short spine, gradually dilated about the middle, and as gradually tapering toward the end, where they terminate in two spine-like points, the outer the longest, the inner almost a continuation of the notch, between which would be the suture ; the two points curiously rotundate-emarginate. Legs very long and strong, particularly the femora, which are compressed. Tarsi with small pulvillus on end of three first joints ; tarsi of female broader and shorter than those of the male. PSALIDOCOPTUS SCABER, n. 8. (Fig. on p. 11.) Head between the eyes with a deep line, divided into two in front. Thorax surface curiously undulated, and with the head scarcely rough, although with small scattered warts; the elytra scabrous, with numerous small warts; each elytron with two parallel ridges united behind the middle and a sutural ridge; margin of elytra between warty and serrated. Jaws strong, punctured at the base, incurved, sides parallel, inner side short and obliquely cut between, the cutting edge sharp; a curious tuft of ferruginous hair on tro- chanter ; legs serrated below on femora and tibia, legs more or less scabrous. The whole insect is of a blackish-brown, with ferruginous hairs bordering the inside of the tibize of the first and second pairs of legs ; thorax beneath, and other parts, liable to be chafed by motion of joints ciliated with ferruginous hairs. Abdomen somewhat squa- moso-verrucose beneath, a pit behind each scale-like wart, with a short hair proceeding from it. Note. The figures were drawn on wood by Miss E. Wing, and are of the size of nature. Family Lamiap2&. Among the Lamioid Longicorns there is a genus containing many finely coloured African species. The genus Tragocephala, Dupont (Dej. Cat. p. 638), was first briefly characterized by Laporte in his ‘ Animaux articulées,’ tome ii. p. 472. TRAGOCEPHALA NOBILIS. Lamia nobilis, Fabr. 8. El. ii. 297; Oliv. t. 11, f. 76; also described by Fabricius as Saperda leta, l. ec. p. 318. Sierra Leone. (Coll. Brit. Mus.) TRAGOCEPHALA FORMOSA. Cerambya formosus, Oliv. t. 20, f. 153, is another well-marked species from 8. Africa, abundant in collections. (Coll. Brit. Mus.) TRAGOCEPHALA PULCHELLA, Westw. Arc. Ent. ii. t. 69, f. 4, is another species from Sierra Leone. (Coll. Brit. Mus.) TRAGOCEPHALA VARIEGATA, Bertolom., Ann. Sc. Nat. 1845, p- 423. S. Africa (Inhambere). TRAGOCEPHALA GALATHEA, Chevr., Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1855, p- 184, was procured by the Scottish missionaries at Benin, Old Calabar. The TracocerHaLa ANGoLaTor, and T. Lucia, described by Olivier and Newman, belong likewise to this genus, but are aberrant forms, as is the TRAGOCEPHALA TRIFASCIELLA, described and figured 13 in the illustrated Proceedings for 1850. The latter differs somewhat from Tragocephala proper, while Lamia angolator, from its short wide thorax, &c., may hereafter constitute the type of a distinct section: all three are in the Museum Collection. In the Museum Collection are some undescribed species, which may be characterized as TRAGOCEPHALA comiTessa. (Pl. XL. fig..1.) T. elongata, nigra; fronte aurantiaca ; thoraeis lateribus auran- tiacis, post tuberculum nigris; elytris fasctis duabus sulphureis, lateribus aurantiacis ; prima continua, secunda angustiore, an- tice et postice sinuata; elytris singulis punctis tribus albis ; sutura apice albo-punctata, ante apicem macula aurantiaca margine pallidiore ; metathorace maculis duabus aurantiacis, aliquando obsoletis; abdominis segmentis tribus basalibus lateribus subtus aurantiacis. Long. lin. 93-11. | Hab. Africa Austr. (Port Natal). Coll. Brit. Mus. (Gueinzius et Krauss). T. formose affinis sed distincta. TRAGOCEPHALA CuEvRoLaTir, n.s. (Pl. XL. fig. 2.) T. nigra, capite aurantiaco, mandibulis basi aurantiacis, fascia in genis, fascia inter antennas et vertice nigris; thoracis lateri- bus flavis, tuberculo apice et postice nigro; dorso ngro, macula parva pallida posticali alteraque antica sepe obsoletis ; elytris singulis nigris ; fascia mediana aurantiaca subobliqua, ramum antice ferente ; maculis duabus aurantiacis sepe obsoletis, ma- cula magna aurantiaca ante apicem, punctoque parvo ad apicem; abdominis lateribus aurantiaco maculatis; pedibus cinereo- griseis, femoribus flavo maculatis. Long. lin. 83-11. Hab. Africa Austr. (Port Natal). In Mus. Brit., &. In honorem L. A. Augusti Chevrolat, Parisiensis, Coleopterophili valde egregil. TRAGOCEPHALA DUCALIS, n. s. (Pl. XL. fig. 3.) T. capite aurantiaco, fascia oculari, alteraque verticali nigris; antennis crassiusculis, nigris; thorace supra medio nigro, lateri- bus aurantiaco late marginatis, pube subvermiculata ; elytris nigris fasciis duabus aurantiacis suturam haud attingentibus, lateribus latioribus, marginibus pallidis, apice aurantiaco, ma- culis tribus parvis inter apicem et fasciam secundam, exteriore majore ; corpore subtus aurantiaco, abdominis segmentis, medio et lateribus nigris; pedibus ochraceo-griseis, femoribus extus et intus aurantiaco maculatis. Long. lin. 8-93. Hab. Africa Austr. (Port Natal). Coll. Brit. Mus. (Saunders, &c.) 14 TRAGOCEPHALA GEMMARIA, n. 8. (PI. XL. fig. 4.) T. nigra; lateribus frontis maculaque genarum et macula inter antennas pallide ceruleis; thorace supra maculis novem ceruleis, quatuor in margine antica, tribus in postica; elytris singulis maculis 12-13 pallide ceruleis; thorace subtus et abdominis lateribus maculis ceruleis majoribus; pedibus posticis, femoribus extus, tibiis bast supra ceruleo-notatis ; antennis articulo se- cundo compresso. Long. lin. 63. Hab. Africa Occid. (Sierra Leone) (Rev. D. F. Morgan). Coll. Brit. Mus. TRAGOCEPHALA GuEeRInit. (PI. XL. fig. 5.) T. nigra, capitis thoracisque lateribus fascia flava continua, ely- tris fascia lata guttaque ante-apicali ferrugineo-ochraceis, meso- thorace ferrugineo-ochraceo, medio nigro-lineato abdominis late- ribus subtus fascia flava extus dentata. Long. lin. 10. Hab. Congo. In honorem Guerin-Meneville, entomologi et carcinologi Parisi- ensis celeberrimi, naturzeque delineatoris exquisitissimi. TRAGOCEPHALA Buaquetiana. T. nigra, fronte macula elongata aurantiaca sub oculis ramum haud emittente ; elytris singulis basi fascia aurantiaca obliqua, humero et spatio circa seutellum nigris ; fascia mediana et macula sub-apicali aurantiacis. Long. lin. 84. Hab. Sierra Leone (Rev. D. F. Morgan). In honorem M. Buquet, Parisiensis, in Coleopteris exoticis ditis- simi et peritissimi. We have also in the Museum the elegant, slim, little graceful T. renuicornts, Chevr., from Port Natal, the T. scenica of Dej., from W. Africa, and the T. picror, Klug, a common S. African species. Tribe LAMELLICORNIA. Family Cetonrap2&. Note.—Mr. Turner of Manchester, the possessor of a very fine collection of the larger and more showy Coleoptera of West Africa, and of many of the Beetles of other lands, showed me a specimen of the (so-called) Goliathus giganteus, of which I once saw the example in the Hunterian Museum at Glasgow, and which served to show that the sharp and discriminating eye of the able and judicious Dr. Schaum, who, with Dr. Burmeister, is one of the best authorities on the subject of Cetoniade, was probably right in regarding G. giganteus and G. Drurii as mere local varieties of one species, to which the name GouiaTHus Arricanus, Lamarck, may be given. TriconopHorus Hooxert, n.s. (Pl. XLI. fig. 13. fig. 292.) T. lete viridis, metallico valde refulgens pedibus gracilibus, femo- ribus viridibus flavescenti-rubro lineatis seu lavatis, tibiis rubris, 15 posticis intus ciliatis, tarsis fuscescenti-nigris ; thorace antice angustato, supra dense punctulato, margine postica solum levis- sima; scutello fere toto levi; antennis subrufis, capite maris in fronte rufo. Hab. In India alpina. The two figures represent this fine insect of the natural size. It is named after Dr. Joseph Hooker, F.R.S., &c. &e., author of many noble botanical works, and of the ‘ Himalayan Journal.’ During his travels in India he found this and many other fine species of insects now in the Museum Collection. We have now all the species of this interesting group except 7’. Delessertii, Guerin-Meneville. SrerHopesms SEeRvVILLE!I. (Pl. XLI. fig. 3.) S. fusco-subpurpurea, sericea, thorace flavo cingulato, elytris singu- lis maculis decem parvis albo-argenteis, uropygio albo-maculato, subtus rufo-brunnea, plagis albis lateribus singulis in serie duplict ordinatis. Hab. In Africa meridionali (Port Natal) (Dr. Krauss). The red of. the thorax extends on its under side. Mesothorax with scattered scales. Head cut in front, and side lobes produced shortly and somewhat rounded. ‘Legs uniform in colour. Huic insecto nomen Servilleanum, synonymon Entomologie, in honorem dudinet-Serville amici dilectissimi, proposuit descriptor. Curnteria Ducais. (Pl. XLI. fig. 4.) This insect, of which the name only appears in the Museum List of Cetoniada, p. 15, published in 1847, is regarded by Dr. Schaum as a variety of the very variable Clinterta atra. The present variety is of a dull olive-green, and has a patch of golden-yellow about the middle of each elytron. The under side is purplish-brown, and the sides have two rows of small white spots. ‘The head and legs are purplish. It is a native of Silhet, and notwithstanding the great authority of Dr. Schaum, I cannot help, even now, regarding it as distinct from C. atra, Wied., of whieh C. funeraria and C. biguttata of Gory and Percheron are varieties. CurnteriA Horrmeistert. (Pl. XLI. fig. 5.) This very beautiful and distinct species was described in the « Annals and Mag. of Nat. History,’ vol. xx. p.341. It was named after the late lamented Dr. W. Hoffmeister, travelling physician to H.R.H. Prince Waldemar of Prussia. I well remember this amiable and able man during his several visits to the British Museum. He was struck by a grape-shot at the battle of Ferozeshah, on the 21st December 1845, when in close attendance on Prince Waldemar. The shot entered his temple. ‘He fell forward to the ground. The Prince instantly sprang from his horse and raised him, but the vital spark had already fled; at the same moment the advance of the forces rendered it necessary to move on. The slain were unavoidably 16 left on the field of battle.’’ He was laid (two days after) in the same grave “with several of his friends who fell on that bloody day, and a simple monument in the burial-ground at Ferozepore, erected by the Prince to the memory of his faithful physician and beloved companion, records his tragic fate, and marks his journey’s utmost bourn*.” Scuizoruina Bassi. (Pl. XLI. fig. 8.) This fine species, described in the ‘Annals and Mag. of Nat. History’ (vol. xx. p. 264), is figured here. The genus Bassia was not named after Mr. G. Bass. ScuizoruHina (Hemrpuaris?) Emruta. (PI. XLI. fig. 9.) S. (H.?) nitida, subgracilis, subparallela, eneo-viridis, thoracis linea laterali, maculisque duabus postice aurantiacis (aliquando subobsoletis), elytrisque singulis lineatim punctatis, aurantiaco maculatis aut plagiatis. Animalculum hoe pulchrum, Febr. 2ndo, a.p. 1856, die nat. de- scriptum, Emilize Jalland, filize fratris mei, dicatum est. Head rather closely punctured, very slightly notched in front, above distinctly punctured. Thorax indistinctly punctured, except before the hind angles, shaped much as in H. insularis, of a highly polished but obscure brassy green, thickened margin of thorax in front yellow, the yellow continuous (beyond the middle of the edge) on the inner side; thorax on each side with a narrow irregularly- edged yellow line, almost parallel with the edge, and truncated and somewhat dilated behind ; before the posterior thoracic lobe are two small triangular yellow spots. Scutellum yellow; margins, especially at the apex, green ; each elytron is irregularly margined with yellow on the sides at the base, and there are six to eight irregular yellow marks, one before the apex somewhat transverse ; sides of meso- and metathorax yellow; sides of abdomen with three yellow spots ; pygidium with two yellow marks nearly covering it, and divided by a pear-shaped green spot, or green extended so as to leave only four small yellow spots ; tibize and tarsi tinted with purplish; base of anterior femora and coxe rufous. This species quite connects the subgenera Hemipharis and Diaphonia, and shows the accuracy of the views of that learned entomologist Dr. Schaum. The two specimens are females, and have short lamellze to the antennz. Hab. New Hebrides (Aneiteum). Collected by Mr. John Mac- gillivray, the able naturalist to H.M.S. ‘ Herald.’ Scuizoruina (Hemipuaris) Ina. (Pl. XLI. fig. 7.) S. (H.) grandis, fusculo-nigra, capitis vertice, thorace supra, elytris a basi, usque ultra medium, pygidio, mesothoracis lateribus, meta- thorace femoribus posticis infra flavescenti-brunneis. S. (H.) Brownii valde affinis et forsan varietas geographica. Di- * ‘Travels in Ceylon and Continental India,’ translated from the German. Edinburgh, 1848. A very graphic work, consisting of the letters chiefly of that talented man, who fell at Ferozeshah. 17 eatur Idee Pfeiffer, viatricis celeberrimze que in Ceram speciem hanc pulchram invenit. Cetonta (PRoT#TIA) PROCERA,n.S. (Pl. XLI. fig. 6.) C.(P.) supra viridi-subsericea, poroso-punctata, albido paululum submaculata in elytris presertim, elytris apice spinoso-pro- ductis; subtus lete metallico-viridis, abdomine plagis 16 albo- pilosis, in quatuor ordinibus dispositis. In size between P. ferruginea and P. regalis; above, including upper side of legs, it is of a fine dull, dark velvety green, which, when rubbed, displays beneath a metallic base, as in many of the Cetoniade, such as Goliathus torquatus ; the edges of the nasus are metallic. The head and thorax above are thickly and distinctly poroso-punctate ; there is an indication of a yellowish-white dot near each front angle of the thorax (which dot may vary in size in other specimens) ; the elytra have four dots passing into short transverse streaks on each side, and a small spot near the suture, about the middle, and a short white streak midway between the middle and the spine; three dots between that and the spine, which is longer and much more distinct than on the sides of elytra, transversely pitted in many shallow short waves; general surface punctured, the punctures chiefly in strie. Head small, slightly ridged on sides in frout of eyes, slightly narrower in front, and rather deeply grooved behind front margin. Under side and legs metallic green, femora and mesothorax acuducted, the latter with two or three patches of isabella pile ; abdo- men irregularly punctured, smooth, with eight transverse patches of isabella pile on each side in double columns. Hairs on tibiz rufous ; fore edge of front tibiz and tarsi of all the legs metallic green. Hab. Philippine Islands. (Coll. Cuming.) N.B. The figures are of the natural size. This is alluded to in Dr. Schaum’s second list of Cetoniade, and is quoted under the above name. Cretonia (Prorztia) Scuaumir. (Pl. XLI. fig. 10.) Supra obscure viridis, subtus lete metallico-viridis, capite fluvo trilineato, linea media latiore, thoracis marginibus anticis late- ralibusque flavis, plaga transversa subheraldice postica flava, scutello flavo apice excepto viridi ; elytris flavo irregulariter transverse trifasciatis, elytris singulis medio longitudinaliter sub-bicarinatis, et 9-11-punctato-lineatis, pedibus flavis, extus et apice articulorum subviridibus, tarsis obscure viridi-fuscis, abdominis lateribus subtus punctatis, segmentis quatuor late- ribus flavo-marginatis ; uropygio flavo triangulariter biplagiato elytris apice suturali acuminato, sterno antice flavo producto. Hab. Celebes (Madame Ida Pfeiffer). Head semicircularly cut in front, the margins trending inwards. Seems really to connect Pachnoda with Protetia. Named in compliment to Dr. Schaum, whose name and abilities require only to be mentioned when Coleoptera are described. The figures are of the size of nature. No. CCCII.—Procerepines or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 4. Nore on THE ZOOLOGICAL APPENDIX TO THE ‘ REPORT OF THe U.S. Navat ASTRONOMICAL EXPEDITION TO THE SouTHERN HEMISPHERE, AND ON THE GEOGRAPHIC Rance AND DisTRIBUTION OF THE TANAGRINE GENERA CALLISTE AND EUPHONIA. By Paruie Lutvey Scxiater, M.A., F.Z.S. The second volume of the ‘ Report of the U.S. Naval Astronomi- cal Expedition to the Southern Hemisphere,’ of which copies have lately been received in this country, contains a very valuable account of the specimens of natural history collected by the Expedition in Chili. Each section of the Zoology appears to have been assigned to the person best qualified to undertake it. The Ornithological part (by Mr. Cassin) is illustrated by some very nicely coloured plates, and contains a list of the Birds of Chili, with many interest- ing notes on their native names, habits, &e. What I particularly wished to notice, however, was, that there are three species of Tanagers—Calliste cyaneicollis and gyroloides and Euphonia rufiventris—included in this list, and apparently in- tended to be represented as inhabitants of the republic of Chili. Now I have always supposed, and still believe it to be the case, that these genera of Tanagers do not extend on the western side of the Andean range nearly so far south as that country. Indeed Tschudi and D’Orbigny assert that they are only found in the wood regions of Peru and Bolivia on the eastern slope of the Andes, and I have never seen examples of birds belonging to either of these genera in Chilian collections; nor are they, or other similar tropical forms, mentioned as occurring there by the several previous writers on the zoology of that country. Under these circumstances I cannot help thinking there must have been some error with regard to the locality of the specimens of these Tanagers procured by Lieut. Gillis’s expe- dition. I may remark at the same time that the bird figured in this same work, pl. xviii. fig. 2, as a companion to Calliste cyaneicollis, is not Calliste larvata (Du Bus), but Calliste thalassina, Strickland (Aglaia Wilsoni, Lafr.—Des Murs, Icon. Orn. pl. 56. fig. 2). The appended Table shows the distribution of the species of the genus Calliste as far as I have been able to collect information on the subject. It will be observed, that only one of this genus has yet been found north of the isthmus of Panama, though very possibly new species are yet to be discovered in the unexplored parts of Central America. The metropolis of this group seems to be the wood regions of New Grenada, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia; but we require much more information concerning the local faunze of this great continent before very accurate statistics can be drawn up of the geographical distribution of these and other forms of animal life. 19 Central America. | NewGrenada. | Quixos in Ecuador. | Eastern Peru, | Cisandean Bolivia. | Venezuela. | ‘Trinidad. *% | Brit. Guiana. | North Brazil. | South Brazil. | Paraguay. | Vicinity of. Quito. : « | Cayenne. * | Prov.Rio Negro, De tataos Rides 7. cyaneiventris ...... aurulenta . Sclateri teterocephala ...++.....00|e++ [eee] ee » EROTACICA .eeeceeceeceese|ece eae] aes deel Schranki +......000.006 TUPGUIA vecrersccseceeees . canthogastra ...... » GTAMINEA ..cc.cesecceeee. |e cayand ...... CYANOLEME ....+.eeeeeeees see foes CAStANONOLA «2.40205 ances *'|pee PETUULAMA, -revevveeeeseesfeee [eee] eeelens AUD) | wwacentes adeshasvsiecsle CUCULIATA .eecsereeeveenee|* » CYANOPELETA ...se+.eeeeeeee L larvate \*. ects scn3' Nan Lunigera ......00.66 Parzudakti......cccceves.{ee CRrYSOLIS.....000eceseeeone|es GYT OLA a. 02 bgectay elses osha . Desmaresti.........++ nis . gyroloides ......++6 brasiliensis .....cseseeese|ees 36. flaviventris...... 37. boliviana 38. tornata 39. atrocerulea 40, ruficervia ...cccceceeceee |e 41. atricapilla ........s.ce00.)e0 42. argented ..........000 43. nigro-viridis ... 44, 45. 46. labradorides 47. xanthocephala 48. 20 5. On THe Genus Assiminia (LEacH). By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., P.B.S. etc. In a list of some species of British shells at the end of an arrange- ment of Mollusca in the ‘London Medical Repository’ for 1821 (vol. xv. p-239), I noticed a new mollusk under the name of “ Nerita (Syncera) hepatica, n.s. The animal of this shell differs from all others of this order by the eyes appearing to be at the end of the tentacula, but I believe that they are placed on a peduncle as long as the tentacula, and the peduncle and tentacula are soldered together.” » Dr. Leach, when he examined the animal of this shell, formed it into a genus under the name of Assiminia, and named the species after myself as 4. Grayana, described under this name at the end of the genus Limnea, in Fleming’s ‘ British Animals,’ p. 275 (1828), who observes, “ Dr. Leach sent me several years ago a shell from Greenwich marshes, constituting a new freshwater genus, under the title Assiminia Grayana. The lip is thickened on the pillar and re- flected over the cavity, but is destitute of the oblique fold, and the lip does not extend over the body whorl. The colour is brown; whorls six in number, conical, regularly increasing in size, glossy, with minute lines of growth. Length about ,2,ths of an inch.” In my paper “On the Difficulty of distinguishing certain genera of Testaceous Mollusca by their Shells alone, and on the Anomalies in regard to Habitation observed in certain species,” published in the « Philosophical Transactions’ for 1835, p. 301, I observe: “ About fifteen years since I first observed in the marshes near the bank of the Thames, between Greenwich and Woolwich, in company with species of Valvata, Bithynia and Pisidium, a small univalve shell, agreeing with the smaller species of the littoral genus Littorina in every character both of shell and operculum. Yet this very pecu- liar and, apparently, local species has an animal which at once distin- guishes it from the animal of that genus and from all Ctenobranchous Mollusca. Its tentacula are very short and thick, and have the eyes placed at their tips, while the Littorine, and all the other animals of the order to which they belong, have their eyes placed on small tubercles on the outer side of the base of the tentacles, which are generally more or less elongated. The shell in question and its animal were described and figured by Dr. Leach in his hitherto un- published work on British Mollusca, under the name of Assiminia Grayana, and as this name has been referred to by Mr. Jeffreys and other conchologists, it may be regarded as established, and that of Syncera hepatica, proposed by myself in the ‘ Medical Repository,’ vol. x. p. 239, will take rank as a synonym. A second species of this genus has lately been made known by Mr. Benson, by whom it was found on the ponds in India. Its shell is banded like that of Littorina 4-fasciata and several other smaller Littorine, and has been figured in the Supplement to ‘ Wood’s Conchology,’ t. 6. f. 28, under the name of Turbo Francesie.” In my edition of ‘Turton’s Manual,’ 1840, p. 88, I characterize the genus thus:—Assiminia: Shell ovate, conical, solid ; mouth 21 ovate; tentacles very short, scarcely longer than the tubercles on which the eyes are placed, and united to their side, p. 78, f. 4, 5, 6, observing, “the animal differs from Littorina in the apparent posi- tion of the eyes, which is an anomaly among the water and Cteno- branchous Mollusca ;” and after quoting Mr. Berkeley’s description of the tentacula I observe,—‘ I am inclined to retain my former theory, for if the pedicel of the eye of this genus is minutely exa- mined, it will appear to be formed of two parts united by a suture.” In 1852, having obtained permission of the family, I printed Dr. Leach’s ‘ Molluscorum Britannize Synopsis’ above referred to, and he there described the genus—‘‘Asstmin1a. Testa conica, spira mediocris. Animal tentaculis duobus brevibus, apice paulo angustioribus obtusis, ad apicem oculigeris, instructum ; oculi parvi,. rotundi; operculum tenue.” “From the form of the shell this genus might be considered as belonging to the second stirps (testa conica, spira brevis), but the animal proves that it is more nearly allied to Sabanea than to any other of the British genera.” (p. 155. t. 9. f.4, 5.) Lately some doubt has been attempted to be thrown on the distinctness of the genus, which it has been proposed should be united to the genus 7'runcatella of Risso. Considering the very great similarity which often exists in the general appearance of the animals of very distinct genera of Mollusca, —a similarity so great, that if a person was to place before me, without the shell or operculum, the animal of the genera Murex, Triton, Pur- pura, Fasciolaria, Columbella, &c., I should not be able to distinguish one from the other without the examination of the teeth or the lin- gual membrane, and that would only enable me to separate Triton, Cassis and Fasciolaria from each other and from Murex, Purpura and Columbella, and not the three latter genera from each other; and it is the same with the animals of several other orders and families ;— Fig. 1. é tere ) 1. Truncatella truncatula B. 2. Assiminia Grayana. a. With foot extended, in the act of a. Under side of animal and shell. drawing up the shell. 6. Side view. 4. Side view. e. Front of foot, showing how the c. Seen beneath as crawling up a lower lamina of the foot pro- glass, when the muzzle is ex- jects beyond the upper. : serted. yet the animals of the two genera Assiminia and Truncatella (see figs. 1 and 2) proposed to be united, are so unlike in general ap- 22 pearance, minute structure and habit, that it is extraordinary that any person should have made the proposal. I think the best way to show the distinction of these two genera will be to copy, in addition to the extract already given, the figures (see figs. 1 and 2) and descriptions of the animals given in different authors, commencing with Mr. Lowe, who has figured and described the animal of Truncatella in the fifth volume of the ‘ Zoological Journal,’ and Mr. Berkeley’s description and figure of the animal of Assiminia ; then the description of the animal of the Indian species of the latter genus, both printed in the volume above’ referred to ; and, lastly, some extracts of additional peculiarity of the genus Truncatella, observed by Mr. Clark, and published in his work on British Mollusca. “1, TRuNCATELLA. R.T. Lowe, Zool. Journ. v. 299. t.19. f. 4. ‘* Tentacula (2 contractilia) cylindrico-conica, brevia, obtusa, basi distincta, proboscide separata; oculis sessilibus paullo supra basis angulum externum positis. Caput proboscidiforme exsertum. Os ad extremitatem proboscidis cylindrice, inter tentacula exserte, disciformem, supra emarginatam (sc. bilobam, ob buccas labiales in proboscidem ipsam coadunatas vel commutatas). Pallium collare siphone nullo; orificio ad dextrum corporis ut in Helice, Melam- pode, Pedipede, &c. Pes rotundatus vel ovalis, brevis, minimus, posticus. Operculum corneum simplex, i.e. non spirale, ovale, aperturam teste omnino claudens. Testa turrita; adulta cylin- drica, decollata vel truncato-obtusa ; anfractibus distinctis, vel levibus vel transverse costatis. Apertura ovalis, brevis ; peri- tremate continuo. Labrum simpler. Epidermis nulla. Animal littorale, amphibium, sed revera marinum et branchiis spirans. Ingredienti, discus terminalis proboscidis pro pedis parte antica servit; itaque modo fere larvarum Phalenidarum Geome- trarum gradibus alternis incedit. Testa junior, tereti-acuminata, e pluribus anfractibus quam adulta constat; prioribus in plerisque demum (ut in Hel. Bulimo decollato) defractis, truncata evadit. ‘It is now nearly three years (1829) since the acquisition of a single live specimen of Cyclostoma truncatulum, Drap., and a long and continued observation of its animal, convinced me that it was entitled to rank as a distinct genus from any which were then constituted. I had accordingly designated it in my MSS. by the generic name of Herpetometra; derived from its peculiar manner of crawling. This appellation I had since purposed changing into Truncatella, the very name by which I find the self-same species designated by Risso in his ‘Histoire Nat. &c. de Europe Méridionale.’ In this work, however, the genus rests, like very many others of the same writer, on most unsubstantial ground, the animal being entirely neglected.” -“ AssrminiA. Berkeley, Zool. Journ. v. 429. t. 19. f. 4. “ Voluta denticulata, Mont. (Carychium Myosotis, Michaud, Compl. de Vhistoire de Drapard.), and Assiminia Grayana, Leach, abound under stones in the salt marshes by the Thames at Gravesend. 23 Having an opportunity of examining both’ in a living state in the summer of 1832, I was surprised to find manifest indications that both were pulmoniferous, which were confirmed on a minute inspec- tion of the internal structure, as far as perhaps could be expected in such.small animals. I was enabled in the former to trace distinctly the course of the vessels, and was decidedly of opinion that the lungs were constructed for the breathing of air unmixed with water. In the other case I was not so successful, though the utmost pains were taken; but as the animal is only half the size, the difficulty was much increased. I am enabled, however, to assert, that I could detect nothing like branchiz ; and what is more to the point, that the vault of the cavity of respiration was traversed by a multitude of minute vessels all tending one way towards a large vessel running down in the direction of the heart, which is exactly the structure in pulmo- niferous Mollusca. This, perhaps, will be esteemed as decisive when the external characters of the animal are taken into consideration.” «© ASSIMINIA GRAYANA. “ Foot broadly obovate, obtuse, composed evidently of two distinct laminze, the lower projecting beyond the upper, and separated from it by an accurately defined line; above fuscous, beneath olivaceous, shaded with cinereous. Tentacula very short and obtuse, fuscous ; eyes at the tips. Muzzle porrected, not truly proboscidiform, deeply notched in front, fuscous, strongly annulated; the edge of the lip paler; on each side is a groove running backwards from the base of the tentacula. Mantle open behind. Feces elliptical (as in Cyclo- stoma). Operculum corneous, ovate, spirally striated. The most remarkable circumstance in this animal is the position of the eyes, at the tips of the tentacula, as in Helix and its allies, and not at the base. It would appear as if there were in reality no tentacula, and only the tubercle common to many Mollusca at the base of the tentacula a little more developed than usual. The shell is so like that of some species of Rissoa, that it is quite surprising that in Dr, Fleming’s ‘ British Animals,’ and in Mr. Jeffreys’ paper in the ‘Linnean Transactions,’ it should be placed in, or close to, the genus Limnea. Dr. Leach seems to have formed his conclusions from an actual inspection of the animal, and consequently made a distinct genus for its reception. In many points the animal resembles very much that of Cyclostoma, and is perhaps a step nearer than that and Helicina, which have the mantle open behind to the pectinifera. Its nearest ally, however, amongst the pectiniferous Mollusca 1 should conceive not to be Rissoa. “ The animal and shell are figured in Forbes and Hanley’s ‘ British Mollusca,’ iii. 70, t. 71. f. 3, 4, and t. H.H. f. 6. “Mr. Benson, at page 463 of the same volume of the Zool. Journ., has given the following description of the animal of Assiminia fas- ciata (Turbo Francesii, Gray, in Wood’s Supplement, t. 6. f. 28) : —“ Animal: Head with only two short, thick, subcylindrical ten- tacula, with the percipient points placed at their summits. Snout, like that of Paludina, transversely corrugated and bilobed, or rather 24 emarginate at the centre of the extremity, the lobes rounded. Mantle free, and branchial cavity open. Foot witha spiral horny operculum, angular at the upper part.”’ I may add to these descriptions that Mr. Clark has lately stated that the tentacula of Truncatella Montagui are “‘short, flat, broad, triangu- lar, and diverge greatly, scarcely forming an angle of 25°. The eyes are large and black, and have white prominent pupils, which visibly dilate and contract. I have never observed such in any mollusk, though similar ones may have escaped notice; they are placed a little nearer to the base than the middle of their lower half, not on pedicles, but quite flat on the centre of semicircular expansions of the outer side of the tentacles, with an external tendency. The branchial plume is single, of an elongated, kidney-shaped figure, and has the usual constriction or sinus at the end nearest to the heart ; it can be detected with high powers in sunlight, through the body volution of pale, clear, thin shells.” The eyes of Truncatella littorea “are precisely those of 7. Mon- tagui, and a similar white pupil is a singular coincidence.” In conclusion, I may observe, that I regard the general form and organization of the animal and shell of Truncatella as so peculiar, that I have long considered it the type of a peculiar family, characterized by the form of the lips and feet, the mode of walking, the short, broad, diverging tentacles, the position of the eye and its peculiar form, and the truncation of the shell. On the other hand, the general form of the animal, the manner and habitation of the genus Assiminia are so like those of some of the smaller species of Littorina (which Dr. Leach named Sabanea), that if it was not for the peculiar position of the eye on its long pedicel, I should have been inclined to have considered it as a subdivision of that genus, with very short tentacles and elongated eye-peduncles. But Mr. Berkeley’s observations have set that at rest, as well as the distinction between it and Truncatella ; for he shows that Assiminia has lungs like Cyclostoma, or rather Helicina, while the Littorine and Truncatelle have well-developed gills for respiration, like the greater part of the marine genera; but the gills of Littorina and Truncatella are very unlike one another, the gills of the former being broad, short, laminar, and of the latter, single, ovate, and pectinate. P.S.—Messrs. H. and A. Adams, in the number of their work issued since this paper was read, are so impressed with the pecu- liarity of the combination of characters that the animal presents, viz. a pulmonary respiration, spiral operculum, and terminal eyes, that they have formed for the genus a suborder named Prosophthalma, and a particular family, Assiminiade: see Genera of Mollusca, 313. Proc 4.5, Aves .CXVUOL) Proc. Z.S, Aves. CXi& F.Wolf hth, M & N.Hanhart, mpg GONOPOPHAGA CUCULLATA, Sctlater - 25 February 26, 1856. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., in the Chair. The following papers were read :— 1. ON SOME ADDITIONAL SPECIES OF BIRDS RECEIVED IN COLLECTIONS FROM BocGorta. By Puiuie Lutrvey Scuater, M.A., F.Z.S. (Aves, Pl. CXVI.—CXIX.) MM. Verreaux of Paris, knowing the interest I take in New Grenadian ornithology, have most kindly transmitted to me some specimens of birds from a collection lately received from Bogota, which did not appear to them to be included in my list, published in in this Society’s ‘ Proceedings’ for last year. I have also myself noticed a few others, which I-had not previously remarked in collec- tions from that locality. From these sources I am enabled to lay before the Society a list of twenty-two species, which, added to those given in my former catalogue, raise the total number of birds now ascertained as belonging to this peculiar fauna to 457. 1. NycraLe Harrist, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. (1849) iv. p. 157, et Journ. Ac. Sc. Phil. N.S. ii. p. 53, pl. 5. Ciecaba gisella, Bp. Consp. p. 44. Gisella harrisi, Bp. Compt. Rend. 1855, Oct. 22nd. ‘ Nyctalitinus albipunctatus, Kaup,’ Gray, Cat. of Gen. of B., App. . 135. ‘ Dr. Hartlaub writes me word that the Bremen Museum has a Bogota specimen of this peculiar Owl, and the example in the Norwich Museum named by Dr. Kaup Nyctalitinus albipunctatus was received, I believe, from the same locality. 2. SYNALLAXIS ELEGANS, sp. nov. S. pallide murino-brunnea, infra medialiter albescentior, ventre medio candido, crisso et lateribus dorso concoloribus : pileo toto, nisi Sronte, alis extus et cauda rufis: loris albescentibus. Long. tota 6°4, alze 2:2, caudze 3°7. This Synallazis isverylike a common Brazilian species, S. ruficapilla, Vieill., which it resembles in having the head, wings and tail bright rufous. But in the present bird the rufous colour does not extend over the front, which is brown like the back, there are no yellowish supercilia, or at least the very faintest traces of them, and the under plumage is not cinereous, but brown like the upper, only paler, and medially passing into white, which colour is quite pure in the middle of the belly. The tail is longer, and the webs of the rectrices are not so broad as in the Brazilian bird. This species, like other true Synallaxes, has only eight large rectrices and an outer pair abnormally small. Other birds, often placed in this genus, have twelve, which is the number given by 26 Vieillot in his generic characters, but I consider this erroneous, and believe the former number to be the normal one. The present bird seems not uncommon in Bogota collections, but has probably been hitherto confounded with its several allied species. ' 3. SYNALLAXIS MGSTA, Sp. Nov. S. olivascenti-brunnea, subtus paulo dilutior : alis intus nigris, extus castaneis: cauda rufa: loris et gutture albidioribus : tectricibus subalaribus pallide fulvis ; rostro valido, nigro; mandibula in- feriore basi albescente : pedibus pallidis. Long. tota 5°2, ale 2°5, caudze 2°5. The single specimen which I possess of this bird was received from MM. Verreaux. It is of a nearly uniform olive-brown, rather lighter below, particularly on the throat and sides of the head. The chestnut margin of the quills grows narrower towards their apices, leaving the dusky black apparent, but at their bases extends through both webs and shows itself underneath. The tail is pure rufous and very short, but I am not quite certain that it is of its normal length in my specimen, there being indications of a state of moult. The bill is rather stronger and more conical than in most species of the genus. Out of the six Synallaxes described by M. de Lafresnaye (Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 290) as from this country, I have as yet only met with three, namely, 8. gularis, cinnamomeus and unirufus, which I have been able to identify with certaity. I have, however, speci- mens of a Bogota bird of this genus which I think may possibly be his S. fuliginosus, and there are examples of the same species in the British Museum. If I am correct in my conjectures, I may remark, that the description he gives of this bird is hardly sufficiently accurate, and I can only refer my specimens doubtfully to his species with the following characters : 4. SyNALLAXIS FULIGINOSA, Lafr. R. Z. 1843, p. 290? S. supra rufescenti-brunnea, alis extus paulo clarioribus, cauda adhuc clariore, pure brunnescenti-rufa, scapis plumarum nigris : rectri- cibus decem, angustissimis et tenuissimis : loris et superciliis in- distincte albidis: infra obscure cinerea, mento summo et ventre albescentioribus: rostro nigro: basi mandibule inferioris albicante ; pedibus validissimis clare brunneis. Long. tota 6-5, alee 2°3, caudee 3°75. The tail of this bird is of a clearer and more reddish-brown than the back, with the shafts of the feathers black. The outer pair of rectrices are abnormally small, measuring only one inch in length, the next pair about double that length. The webs of al] are ex- ceedingly narrow, in particular the outer ones, and grow finer towards the extremities. This form of Synallaxis shows evident rapprochement towards Sylviorthorhynchus. 5. ANABATES RUFICAUDATUS, Lafr. et d’Orb. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1838, p. 15. I possess a Bogota skin, received from MM. Verreaux, which 27 M. de Lafresnaye has kindly identified for me as being of this species. The apical portion of the outer primaries in this bird is black, which colour gradually diminishes in extent in the succeeding feathers, and is reduced to a minimum in the secondaries, where it only forms a blotch at the ends. The first quill is nearly wholly black, and in those next succeeding the same colour advances far up the stems, being broadly margined outwardly with chestnut, and inwardly with paler cinnamomeous. 6. ANABATES ERYTHROPTERUS, sp. noy.? A. supra pallide brunnescenti-cinereus ; alis extus et cauda tota rujis, remigum exteriorum parte apicali nigra: loris oculorum ambitu et gula cum tectricibus subalaribus cinnamomeis: corpore cetero subtus pallide cinnamomescenti-albido, lateribus olivaceo tinctis : rostro albido, culmine nigrescenti-plumbeo : pedibus pallidis. Long. tota 6-2, alz 3°6, caudee 3°1. The only Anabates I know of likely to resemble the present species is 4. guianensis (Pl. Enl. 686, fig. 2). T have never seen that bird, but if it has been correctly described, there is no doubt that this species is distinct. ; 7. XENOPS RUTILANS, Temm. Pl. Col. 72, fig. 2. A Bogota skin received from MM. Verreaux seems referable to this bird, though there is rather more black in the tail than in my Brazilian specimens. 8. MARGARORNIS BRUNNESCENS, sp. nov. (Plate CXVI.) M. umbrino-brunnea, capitis dorsique superi pennis obsolete et an- gustissime nigro marginulatis : infra pallide ochracescenti-albo guttulata, his guttulis nigro cinctis et deinde umbrino-brunneo terminatis: loris et gutture medio ochracescentibus, nigrescente paululum variegatis : rostro superiore nigro, inferiore flavido, pedibus clare brunneis. Long. tota 5°5, alee 2°5, caudee 2°5. MM. Verreaux have transmitted me a single specimen of this bird, which forms a second ‘species of the genus Margarornis, instituted by Reichenbach for the Anabates squamiger, Lafr. & @Orb. M. de Lafresnaye has also coined the name Anabasitta for the same form, but I believe the first-mentioned term has a slight priority. The type of the genus is very common in collections from Bogota. The present bird may be distinguished from it at once by the want of the bright chestnut colouring on the back and tail. In form, however, there is not much difference. In M. brunnescens the beak is rather longer, and the first two primaries proportionately rather shorter. The elongation of the naked stems of the rectrices is carried to a greater extent in the present species than in the other. There are twelve tail-feathers, and they all terminate in a similar hair-like point. The plumage of the two species below shows much similarity, but in the “brunnescens” the tear-like spots are yellowish. 28 I may remark that Reichenbach has kept the Bogota and Bolivian Margarornithes apart, but M. de Lafresnaye, who knows both species, considers them identical. It is with Bogota specimens I have been comparing the present bird. ALECTRURINZE ? 9. OcTHOECA FUMICOLOR, sp. nov. (Plate CXVII.) O. supra fumoso-brunnea, dorso imo rufescentiore : alis caudaque nigris : tectricibus alarum rufo bivittatis, et secondariis ultimis extus rufescente marginatis : superciliis latis et fronte ad nucham ochracescenti-albis: subtus brunnescenti-murina, ventre medio albescentiore, gula quasi dorso concolore, sed pallidiore : rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 6:0, alz 3°5, caudze 3:0. This bird appears to be naturally placed in Dr. Cabanis’ genus Octhoeca, of which the type is Octhoeca enanthoides (Fluvicola ananthoides, d’ Orb. Voy. pl. 38, fig. 2). Other species belonging to this same group are Octhoeca leucophrys (Fluv. leucophrys, d Orb. Voy. pl. 38, fig. 1), which the present bird most resembles in colouring ; Octhoeca rufipectoralis (ibidem, pl. 37, fig. 2); Octhoeca Lessoni, mihi (Tyrannulus rufipectus, Less. Descr. des Mamm. et Ois. p. 296) ; Octhoeca albidiema (Setophaga albidiema, Lafr. R. Z. 1848, p. 8), and, perhaps, Setophaga cin- namomeiventris, Latr. R. Z. 1845, p.80. The three species figured by d’Orbigny are from Bolivia; the three latter, like the present, from Bogota. They all offer considerable similarity in colours, and pre- sent, so far as I am acquainted with them, the same structure. M. de Lafresnaye has indicated the existence and affinities of this group in his article in the ‘ Revue Zoologique,’ 1848, p.8. All d’Orbigny’s species inhabit his third zone of elevation, that is, above 11,000 feet above the sea-level, and it is probable, therefore, that the New Grenadian Octhoece are likewise from the higher regions of the Andes. 10. EvscaARTHMUS AGILIS, sp. nov. (Plate CXVIII.) E. supra nigro et pallido brunneo miztus, pennis plerumque nigris brunneo marginatis : crista capitis totius medialiter nigra, late- raliter autem et subtus pallide brunnea: alis nigris, tectricibus rufescente terminatis, secondariis extus pallescentibus: cauda unicolore nigra rectricum mediarum apicibus et omnium margi- nibus exterioribus pallescentibus : subtus pallide fulvo-flavidus ; capitis lateribus et gutture toto albis nigro variegatis ; pec- tore longitudinaliter nigro flammulato: rostro nigro, mandibule inferioris basi alba: pedibus nigerrimis : tectricibus subalaribus pallide fulvis. Long. tota 4°6, alee 2°2, caudze 2°4. This bird much resembles Euscarthmus parulus and E. albicristatus in general appearance, and may, I think, be safely placed in the 29 same genus, though the bill is slightly broader, and the tail is propor- tionately rather longer, and has the rectrices more graduated. The only example I have seen of it was transmitted to me by MM. Verreaux. In the markings of the lower part of the body it is not unlike E. parulus, but the ground-colour is more yellowish, and the striz less distinct on the throat and more marked on the breast. Above these two species are easily distinguishable. The present has the back brown, mixed with black blotches, and not uniform cinereous- olive, and the crest is shorter and differently formed, the whole of the head-feathers being moderately lengthened, not a few of the centre feathers only, as in the elder species. Piprinz. 11. PipRa CORACINA, Sp. nov. Pipra leucocilla, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1855, p. 152. Pipra coracina, J. et E. Verreaux, MS. 3 coracino-nigra: pileo nuchaque albis: rostro nigrescenti-plumbeo: pedibus nigris. 3 junr. viridescenti-cinereus, pene unicolor, alis caudaque intus nigris. Long. tota 3:5, alee 2°8, caudz 1-2. MM. Verreaux have transmitted to me an adult and young male, and their MS. description of this species of Manakin, which they consider distinct from the well-known Pipra leucocilla, and I am inclined to think they are right. The black colour is generally more intense in the present bird, the white extends further back down the head, the wings are longer, and the bill rather shorter. They remark that the Peruvian bird (which I have not yet seen) appears to he the same as this species.. FoRMICARIIN&. 12. ConoPOPHAGA CUCULLATA, sp. nov. - (Plate CXIX.) C. supra brunnescenti-olivacea, alis caudaque nigricantibus brun- nescente marginatis : capite toto et cervice postica cum gula et tectricum alarum marginibus clare rufo-castaneis : plaga pectorali alba: abdomine dilute cinereo, ventre medio et hypochondriis roseo aut rufescente tinctis : tectricibus subalaribus flavicanti-brunneis : rostro flavo : pedibus pallidis. Long. tota 4°0, ale 2°7, caude 1°1. The single specimen sent to me by MM. Verreaux is the only example I have yet seen of this Conopophaga. It is not likely to be confounded with any other species of the genus that I am acquainted with, its bright chestnut head and throat and white pectoral patch rendering it eminently distinguishable. IcTERINZ. 13, STURNELLA LUDOVICIANA (Linn.). A single bird transmitted by MM. Verreaux seems to belong to 30 this species. The yellow belly is rather brighter than in U.S. examples, but at present I can discover no essential difference. It is singular, if this is the North-American species, that the Mexican bird (Stur- nella hippocrepis, Wagl.) is usually considered distinct. EMBERIZINZ. 14. Emperizoipes mMAcruRus (Gm.). Fringilla macroura, Gm. 8. N. i. 918. Tardivola macroura, Cab. M. H. p. 135 (note). A Bogota specimen of this bird which I have lately acquired agrees with the true EH. macrurus from Cayenne, and seems to be quite distinct from the Brazilian Z. marginalis (Temminck), with which it is generally made synonymous. TANAGRINZE. 15. CHLOROSPINGUS XANTHOPHRYS, Sp. Nov. C. brunnescenti-olivaceus : loris nigricantibus: superciliis curtis a fronte ad oculum summum et corpore mediali subtus flavis: rostro nigro: pedibus pallide brunneis. Long. tota 4°7, alee 2°5, caudze 2°4. Obs. Similis C. superciliari, sed minor, et superciliis brevioribus et flavis, capite non cinerascente, lateribusque olivascentibus digno- scendus. I possess a single example of this bird, and have seen others. 16. CuLtorospincus LicHTENSTEINI, sp. nov. Nemosia ver- ticalis, Licht. in Mus. Berol. (partim). C. supra cinereus, alis caudaque nigricantibus ; pileo atro: vitta mediali verticis ochracescenti-albida: subtus albidus: lateribus cinerascentibus. Obs. Similis C. verticali, sed major, gula ventre concolore, nec nigra. "There is a single example of this bird in the Berlin Museum, received from M. Boissoneau of Paris along with specimens of C. verticalis, and not distinguished from that species. CoLuMBz. 17. CHLoR@NAsS BICOLOR (Vieill.). Col. bicolor, Vieill. N. D. @H. N. xxvi. 345. C. vinacea, Temm. Pig. t.41. Mus. Brit. 18. ZeNAIDA RUFICAUDA, G. R. Gray, MS. Bp. Coup d’ceil sur ordre des Pigeons, p. 42. Mus. Bnit. et Paris. 19. ZENAIDA PENTHERIA, Bp. Coup d’ceil, p. 42; et Consp. ii. p- 84. Mus. Brit. 20. CHAMPELIA AMAzILIA, Bp. Coup d’ceil, p. 38, et Consp. ii. p-84. Mus. Brit. GALLIN&. 21. Cuamapetes Goupoti (Less.). Ortalida Goudoti, Less. “a *, 31 Man. d’Orn. ii. 217; et Tr. d’?Orn.i. p.481. Chamepetes Goudoti, Wagler, Isis, 1832, p. 1227. GRALL&. 22. GALLINAGO NOBILIS, sp. nov. G. supra nigro-cinereo et brunneo (sicut in plerisque hujus generis speciebus) variegata: pileo summo nigro, vitta mediali irregulariter cinnamomeo-brunnea : capitis lateribus et cervice postica pallide cinnamomeo-brunneis, minute nigro punctatis ; his punctis intra rictum et oculum lineam formantibus: scapularibus nigris cinna- momeo vittatis, plaga subterminal nigra preditis et extus iterum late ochracescenti-albo marginatis: remigibus omnibus pure et pallide nigricanti-cinereis, secondariorum et alule spurie apicibus extus pallescentibus ; tectricibus albido et cinereo variegatis : subtus, gutture albicante, pectore toto cinnamomescenti-brunneo, nigricante flammulato ; ventre toto albo, hypochondriis et tectri- cibus subalaribus albo nigroque regulariter transvittatis ; tectri- cibus subcaudalibus albis cinnamomeo tinctis et nigro obsolete transfasciatis : caude rectricibus sedecem; harum octo mediis nigris claro rufo late terminatis, hoc colore rufo iterum sub margine an- guste nigro vittato ; una utrinque proxima precedentibus assimili, sed colore nigro ochracescente maculato et terminatione rufa non @que lata; tribus autem utrinque extimis ochracescentibus nigro irregulariter transvittatis: rostro longissimo, brunnescente, apice nigra, basi pallidiore: pedibus nigro-fuscis. Long. tota 11-0, ale 5-7, caudze 2°2, rostri a rictu 3-7, tarsi 1°5. There is an example of this fine large species of Snipe in the British Museum, from Mr. S. Stevens’s Bogota collection, and MM. Verreaux have also lately transmitted a single specimen to me. It is of about the same size as Temminck’s Scolopax gigantea, but that species appears to have the wings banded. In the present bird the quills are uniform slaty black. The spurious wings and second- aries are edged with buffy white, and all the wing-coverts are termi- nated with the same colour, forming irregular barrings. 23. RALLUS SEMIPLUMBEUS, sp. nov. ? R. supra brunnescenti-olivaceus, nigro flammulatus ; alis caudaque nigricanti-brunneis ; alarum tectricibus rufis: loris nigris : capi- tis lateribus et corpore toto subtus plumbeis; mento et gulari stria albis : tectricibus subcaudalibus albis nigro miztis: rostri cul- mine et apice nigris ; mandibula autem inferiore ruberrima : pedi- bus pallide brunneis. Long. tota 8°5, alee 4:4, caudze 1°8, rostri 1°7. This is a true Rallus—near R. virginianus of the U.S.—of which MM. Verreaux have sent me a single specimen. I have tried in vain to make it agree with any recognized species, and therefore provided it with a (temporary ?) name. 32 2. DescriIPTIONsS OF TWENTY-FIVE New Species oF LAND- SHELLS, FROM THE COLLECTION oF H. Cuming, Esa. By Dr. L. PFEIFFER. 1, Hextx exserta, Pfr. H. testa vie perforata, conoideo-lenti- culari, tenui, oblique rugosula, pallide cornea; spira conoidea, acutiuscula ; anfr. 44 regulariter accrescentibus, superne tumidu- lis, ad suturam, carina rotundata, exserta marginatis, ultimo non descendente, basi convero; apertura obliqua, depresse angulato- lunari; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus remotis, columellari brevi, subverticali. Diam. maj. 6, min. 5, alt. 3 mill. Hab. Sandwich Islands (Dr. Newcomb). 2. Hexix coacuata, Pfr. H. testa anguste perforata, conoideo- depressa, tenuiuscula, arcuatim striatula et ad peripheriam oblique malleato-rugosa, alabastrina, fascia 1 pellucida prope suturam ornata ; spira brevi, conoideo-convewa ; anfr. 5 vir convexiusculis, ultimo obsolete angulato, basi convezo, nitido ; apertura obliqua, rotundato-lunari, vir latiore quam alta; perist. simplice, recto, margine dextro declivi, columellari superne viz reflexo. Diam. maj. 30, min. 254, alt. 18 mill. Hab. Amboina. 3. Heuix Harvest, Pfr. H. testa aperte perforata, depressa, tenui, sublevigata, diaphana, parum nitente, pallide cornea; spira brevissime conoidea, obtusa; sutura levi, submarginata; anfr. 7 vir conveciusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo peripheria sub- angulato, basi convexiore, nitido ; apertura viz obliqua, depresse lunari; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus vix convergentibus, columellari declivi, vix incrassato. Diam. maj. 29. min. 25, alt. 12 mill. Hab. Siam. 4. Heurx Sramensis, Pfr. H. testa perforata, depressiuscula, solida, superne arcuato-striata, striis spiralibus granulato-decus- sata, pallide cornea ; spira brevissime conoidea ; anfr. 6 lente ac- crescentibus, vir convexiusculis, ultimo latiore, infra peripheriam leviter radiato-striato, nitido, albido; apertura obliqua, lunari; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus vix convergentibus, columellari superne brevissime reflexo. Diam. maj. 25, min. 22, alt. 125 mill. Hab. Siam. 5. Hewrx omissa, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, depresso-turbinata, tenui, ruguloso-striata, diaphana, cerea; spira breviter turbi- nata, apice acutiuscula; anf. 4 convezis, ultimo non descendente, supra peripheriam subangulato, basi convexo ; umbilico } diametri fere equante ; apertura diagonali, lunato-rotundata ; perist. sim- plice, recto, marginibus approximatis, columellari subpatulo. Diam. maj. 4, min. 33, alt. 2 mill. Hab. Juan Fernandez (H. Cuming). 33 6. Hecix Micuenina, Pfr. H. testa angustissime umbilicata, depressa, tenui, striatula, pellucida, nitidissima, cornea, strigis distantibus fulvis radiata; spira parum elevata, convexa ; anfr. 5} vix convexiusculis, ultimo latiore, non descendente, depresso- rotundato; apertura magna, fere diagonali, lunato-rotundata ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus conniventibus, columellari ar- cuato, superne viv patente. Diam. maj. 11, min. 94, alt. 5 mill. Hab. San Miguel, Azores. 7. HELIx voLUTELLA, Pfr. WH. testa umbilicata, subdiscoidea, tenui, siriatula, pallide cornea, lineis rufis subconfertis radiata ; spira plana; anfr. 5 vix convexiusculis, lente accrescentibus, ul- timo non descendente, peripheria rotundato ; umbilico aperto, + diametri subaquante; apertura parum obliqua, lunari; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus remotis, basali substricto, columellari viz patente. Diam. maj. 7, min. 6, alt. 22 mill. Hab. San Miguel, Azores. 8. Hextrx auata, Pfr. H. testa anguste umbilicata, depressa, membranacea, oblique irregulariter striata, oleoso-micante, pellu- cida, fusco-cornea; spira subplana; anfr. 3% celeriter accrescen- tibus, ultimo angulato, carina aleformi tenui decidua cincio, antice dilatato ; basi convexo; apertura perobliqua, securiformi ; perist. simplice, recto, margine basali perarcuato. Diam. maj. 84, min. 6, alt. 3 mill. Hab. Sandwich Islands (Dr. Newcomb). 9. Hexix anee ica, Pfr. H. testa subaperte perforata, depressa, tenui, superne subconferte striata, pellucida, nitida, virenti-cornea, varicibus castaneis, flavo-marginatis, irregulariter notata ; spira parum elevata, vertice prominulo; sutura anguste albido-mar- ginata; anfr. 7 sensim accrescentibus, convewiusculis, ultimo latiore, peripheria rotundato, basi leviore; apertura fere diugo- nali, lunari ; perist. simplice, recto, castaneo-limbato, intus callo crassiusculo albo labiato. Diam. maj. 31, min. 27, alt. 13} mill. Hab. Thibet and Punjaub, India (Conway Shiplay, Esq.). 10. Hexrx pinaria, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, lenticulari, arcua- tim obtuse costata et striis spiralibus obsolete decussata, cornea, JSusco maculose strigata; spira convexa, obtusula; sutura mar- ginata ; anfr. 53 conveviusculis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente, subacute carinato; umbilico pervio, ~ diametri sub- @quante ; apertura diagonali, rhombea, lamellis 2 acutis albis parietalibus, intrantibus, denticuloque obsoleto columellari coare- tata ; perist. simplice, recto. Diam. maj. 43, min. 4, alt. 2 mill. Hab. Sandwich Islands (Dr. Newcomb). 11. Hexix ranuuus, Pfr. WH. testa umbilicata, turbiniformi, tenui, superne confertim oblique plicata, diaphana, cerea; spira No. CCCIII.— Procerpines or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 34 convexo-conica, acutiuscula; anfr. 4} convexiusculis, ultimo non descendente, subacute carinato, basi radiato-striato, circa umbili- cum angustum excavato ; apertura obliqua, subsecuriformi ; perist. simplice, recto, margine basali breviter reflexo. Diam. maj. 34, min. 3, alt. 25 mill. Hab. Port Natal. 12. Hexix unpina, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, globoso-turbinata, tenui, levigata, nitida, albido-hyalina; spira convexo-conoidea ; anfr. 5 conveaiusculis, ultimo spira breviore, antice vir deflexo, peripheria obsolete angulato, basi planiusculo ; apertura perob- liqua, truncato-elliptica ; perist. tenui, marginibus subconniventi- bus, dextro expanso, columellari leviter arcuato, planato, appresso. Diam. maj. 23, min. 19, alt. 145 mill. Hab. 2 13. Buximus Darnavuont, Pfr. B. testa compresse subumbilicata, conico-ovata, tenui, subdistanter costata, striis spiralibus sub lente obsolete decussata, virenti-fulva; spira conica, vertice obtuso ; anf. 53-6 convewxiusculis, ultimo spiram paulo superante, basi subcompresso ; columella substricta, leviter procedente ; apertura vir obliqua, elliptico-ovali, basi subangulata ; perist. breviter ex- panso, tenuiter albo-labiato, margine columellari dilatato, sub- plano, patente. Long. 23, diam. 12 mill. Hab. Sennaar, interior of Africa (Mr. Darnaud). 14. Butimus Corpovanus, Pfr. B. testa subrimata, fusiformi- turrita, solidula, confertim arcuato-costulata (costulis subdecus- satis, breviter pilosis), pallide fusco-cornea ; spira elongata, apice obtusa; anfr. 10, superis convewis, sequentibus sensim planioribus, ultimo antice soluto, descendente, dorso acute carinato, basi cristato et scrobiculato ; apertura integra, ovali, quinquedentata ; dentibus 2 lamelleformibus in parte sinistra, 3 inequalibus in deztra; perist. continuo, expanso, albido. Long. 23, diam. 5 mill. Hab. Andes near Cordova. 15. Buntimus cyatHostomvs, Pfr. B. testa oblique rimata, fusi- formi-cylindrica, solida, longitudinaliter confertim striata, albida; spira cylindraceo-turrita, apice acuta; sutura submarginata ; anfr. 7% planiusculis, ultimo + longitudinis vix attingente, latere dextro profunde bisulcato, basi subcristato ; apertura verticalt, cyathiformi, ringente ; columella profunde bidentata ; perist. con- tinuo, expanso, ad parietem aperturalem appresso et juxta mar- ginem dextrum laminam validam, securiformem immittente, mar- gine dextro superne sinuato, profunde et inequaliter trilamellato. Long. 203, diam. 7 mill. Hab. Old Calabar, West Africa. 16. AcHaTINA SHUTTLEWORTHI, Pfr. A. testa ovato-conica, te- nuissima, submembranacea, confertissime chordato-plicata, sericea, cornea, maculis rufis ad suturam et ad peripheriam teniata, cete- rum pallide rufo strigata; spira conica, obtusa; anfr. 53 convex- 35 iusculis, ultimo spira paulo longiore ; columella substriata, com- pressa, basi oblique truncata; apertura obliqua, truncato-ovali ; perist. simplice, tenut. Long. 34, diam. 17 mill. Hab. Grand Bassam, Africa. 17. ACHATINA CORROSULA, Pfr. A. testa turrita, solidula, sub- levigata, punctatim corrosula, pallide cornea; spira convexius- culo-turrita, apice acutiuscula ; sutura levi, subcrenulata; anfr. 9 vix convexiusculis, ultimo 2 longitudinis vir equante, busi rotun- dato ; columella perarcuata, oblique distincte truncata ; apertura parum obliqua, sinuato-semiovali ; perist. simplice, tenut. Long. 15, diam. 63 mill. Hab. Neilgherries “(Conway Shiplay, Esq.). 18. ACHATINA PALLENS, Pfr. A. testa turrita, tenuiuscula, sub- levigata (sub lente minutissime decussatim striatula), semidia- phana, pallide corneo-cerea; spira regulariter attenuata, apice acutiuscula; sutura levi, anguste marginata ; anfr. 9 vix convezis, ultimo 2 longitudinis subequante, basi subattenuato ; columella parum arcuata, abrupte truncata; apertura parum obliqua, sinu- ato-ovali ; perist. simplice. Long. 16, diam. 42 mill. Hab. Moély, East Africa. 19. Pupa Baciiuus, Pfr. P. testa profunde arcuato-rimata, sub- cylindrica, solida, peroblique costata, alabastrino-alba ; spira sen- sim in conum obtusulum attenuata ; sutura mediocri, costis excur- rentibus coronata; anfr. 9 convewiusculis, ultimo antice alte ascendente, basi subcompresso ; apertura verticali, truncato-ob- longa, dente intrante parietali prope angulum coarctata ; perist. breviter expanso, margine dextro intus crasse labiato, columellari simplice, patente. Long. 13, diam. vix 5 mill. Hab. Mauritius. 20. Pura TERES, Pfr. P. testa breviter rimata, cylindracea, tenui- uscula, oblique plicata, diaphana, corneo-albida; spira cylindrica, in conum brevem, obtusum terminata ; sutura impressa ; anfr. 8 vie convexis, ultimo non ascendente, basi obsolete gibbo ; apertura verticali, ovali; perist. tenui, expansiusculo, marginibus callo, dentem breviter intrantem emittente, a Long. 10, diam. 33 mill. Hab. Mauritius. 21. Pupa Sennaariensis, Pfr. P. testa perforata, oblongo-tur- rita, tenui, levissime striatula, parum nitente, fusco-cornea ; spira subregulariter attenuata, apice obtusa ; anfr.7 convexis, ultimo % longitudinis subequante, circa perforationem imperviam com- presso ; apertura vir obliqua, truncato-oblonga, lamella unica parietali intrante, fere ad angulum marginis dextri posita, coarc- tata; perist. tenui viz patulo, intus sublabiato. Long. 4, diam. 13 mill. Hab. Sennaar, interior of Africa (Mr. Darnaud). P}, (GS 36 22. Tomicerus VENEZUELENSIS, Pfr. T. testa subflexuose ri- mata, compresse conica, tenui, striatula, pellucida, oleoso-micante, pallide cornea; spira conoidea, obtusa; sutura rufo-marginata ; anfr. 4 convezxis, ultimo inflato, latere aperture vir planiore, an- tice vie ascendente, profunde scrobiculato et arcuato-cristato ; apertura vix obliqua, subtrapeziformi, septemplicata ; lamellis 3 in pariete aperturali (angulari maxima, intrante, mediana pro- funda, minima), 3 subequalibus in parte basali, 1 valida, angula- tim intrante in margine dextro ; perist. tenue, acutum, expansum, intus albido-labiatum, margine supero brevi, cum dextro angulum obtusum formante, basali stricto, declivi, longissimo. Diam. maj. 64, min. 44, alt. 5 mill. Hab. Veuezuela. 23. CuaustLiA SENNAARIENSIS, Pfr. Cl. testa subrimata, fusi- formi, tenera, dense capillaceo-costulata, oleoso-micante, pellucida, cornea ; spira gracili, apice obtuse conica; sutura simplice ; anfr. 8 vie convexiusculis, ultimo basi obtuse bicristato ; apertura sub- obliqua, oblonga ; lamellis convergentibus, infera valida, subra- mosa; lunella imperfecta, punctiformi vel rarius lineari ; plica palatali | supera, subcolumellari. inconspicua ; perist. continuo, breviter solute, expanso, albido, margine externo intus subincras- sato. Long. 10, diam. 22 mill. Hab. Sennaar, interior of Africa. 24. MrGALOMASTOMA COMPLANATUM, Pfr. M. testa subobtecte umbilicaia, pupeformi, solida, oblique levissime striatula, sordide violacea, absque epidermide ; spira subcylindrica, apice attenuata, breviter truncata ; sutura impressa, pallida; anf. superst. 6, su- peris convexis, penultimo vix convexiusculo, ultimo angustiore, latere aperture subplanato, antice pallido, circa umbilicum crista pallida, circumscripta munito; apertura verticali, circulari, in fundo castanea; perist. albo, perincrassato, superne breviter ad- nato, margine dextro expanso et reflexo, sinistro dilatato, patente, superne subauriculato. Operc.? Long. 323, diam. 14 mill. Hab. Cuba. 25. Ruaraautus Lorrarnt, Pfr. RA. testa perforata, gibboso- oblonga, solida, conferte striata, sub epidermide fulvida saturate vio- lacea ; spira irregulari, inflata, in conum brevem desinens ; anfr. 5% convewis, penultimo gibbo, latere aperture subplanato, ultimo attenuato, antice subascendente ; apertura circulari, basi axin sub- excedente ; perist. calloso, albo, continuo, expanso et reflexiusculo, limbo interno cum eateriore connato ; foramine supero parvulo, oblique sursum spectante. Operc.? Long. 15, diam. 8 mill. Hab. Pulo Penang (Dr. Lorrain). 37 March 11, 1856. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., in the Chair. The following papers were read :— 1. Notre on PSALTRIA FLAVICEPS, A THIRD AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE PARINE GENUS PSALTRIA. By Puitipe Lutiey Scrater, M.A., F.Z.S. In describing a new Conirostrum in these ‘ Proceedings’ for last year (P.Z.S. 1855, p. 74), and giving a list of all the species of that form with which I was acquainted, I took the opportunity of noticing some birds which had been referred to the same genus, which I had not then met with. Among these latter was the Coni- rostrum ornatum of Lawrence, described and figured in the Annals of the Lyceum of Nat. Hist. of New York for 1851. It is only lately that I have been successful in meeting with a specimen of this, I believe, rather rare species. As I had always supposed, I find it has nothing to do with the genus Conirostrum, but has been much more nearly rightly placed by Sundevall, who described it as Ayithalus flaviceps the year before Mr. Lawrence’s name appeared. In my opinion, however, this latter position is not perfectly satisfactory for it. This little bird in fact seems to me to form a very natural member of the Parine genus Psaltria,'of which some Asiatic species, including the type, are figured in the seventh Number of Mr. Gould’s great work on the Birds of that continent. Mr. Cassin, in a very useful Synopsis of the North-American Parine, given in his excellent volume on the Birds of California, Oregon, &c., p. 20, mentions two North-American species of this genus, Psaltria minima and P. melanotis, but says nothing of the present bird, with which he seems to have been unacquainted. Ex- amples of both the former species are contained in the British Museum, and upon comparison agree in every essential character with this bird. It is true that its yellow face and chestnut bend of the wing are quite different in cast of colouring from what we meet with in the other species of this group, and I have little doubt that some naturalists who are fond of coining new uames would consider this fact a sufti- cient excuse for making it the type of a new division. But I do myself think that generic characters ought only to be founded upon differences in structure ; and as in the present instance there appears to be none such, I think we shall be quite accurate in registering the present bird as a third American species of the Asiatico-American genus Psaltria under the title of PSALTRIA FLAVICEPS. Aigithalus flaviceps, Sund. Ofvers. af Vet. Ac. Forhand. vii. p- 129 note (1850). Conirostrum ornatum, Lawrence, Ann. Lye. New York, 1851, p- 113, pl. 5. fig. 1. 38 P. fuscescenti-cinereus, subtus dilutior: pileo et gutture flaves- centibus: campteriis clare castaneis : alis caudaque intus nigri- canti-brunneis : rostro et pedibus nigris: tectricibus subalaribus albis. Long. tota 4°2, alee 2°1, caudee 1:9. Hab. Texas (Lawrence). Note.—Since writing the above, I have been enabled through Mr. Gould’s kindness to compare Psaltria flaviceps with the type of the genus, Psaltria evilis, from Java. It certainly offers a more pointed beak and wing not so rounded as the latter bird, and may be con- sidered as rather aberrant in form. Any naturalist, therefore, who is unwilling to class it with true Psaltria may use for it the generic term Psaltriparus, that name having been bestowed by Prince Bona- parte (Compt. Rend. Ac. Sc. Par. xxxi. p. 478) on Psaltria mela- notis (Sandbach), with which species this bird agrees in every respect. 2. ON A PECULIAR VARIETY OF Mus Muscuuvs. By Joun S. Gasxowy, F.L.S. (Mammalia, Pl. XLI.) Mus Muscutus. Var. Mus nudo-plicatas. I have thus designated this strange and novel form of the genus Mus, to give the more importance to the singularity. In the spring of 1854 a labourer in the employ of Mr. Webster, a tenant on the Taplow-court estate, observed several little white crea- tures running about a straw-rick in the wood at the back of the lodge near Taplow paper-mills, Maidenhead Bridge, and succeeded in securing two of them ;—the following day, on moving some of the straw in search of more, he disturbed two others, which he also cap- tured; and disposed of the four to Bond, the Maidenhead Bridge boat- man, for five shillmgs. Two died during the first night, probably from the rough usage they received when taken ; there remained, to use Bond’s expression, but ‘‘ the old buck and a doe big with kit.” In seven days she brought forth five young ones; and the next day removed from the nest two that were dead; the remainder were reared. One of the existing five was afterwards lost or killed. These little animals were readily recognized as a form of mouse, but of so extraordinary a conformation in their external structure as to attract the curiosity of the immediate neighbourhood, and obtained the not inappropriate name of the rhinoceros mice. The surmise of the people on the spot is, that they had escaped from one of the numerous barges which are constantly arriving at the paper-mills laden with rags, &c., principally of foreign importation. Bond having possessed them four months, offered them for sale to the Zoo- logical Society of London, and the purchase being declined, I bought them, lest so singular a form in natural history should be lost to science and pass into oblivion ; and it is to prevent this, that I now 39 beg to record their characters in the ‘ Proceedings” of this Society, They were shown at the meetings of this and the Linnean Societies. and to many other naturalists; and finally, were exhibited during four months in the small-quadruped house in the gardens of the Society, with the view of eliciting information respecting them, as to any similar conformation in the species or genus having before been observed ; and expressions of surprise at their novelty of form were in every instance the only remarks obtained. At the period named of their exhibition all had died (three of them are now shown in spirit). Unfortunately they did not breed, although three of them were born, in captivity. In size these animals somewhat exceeded the common mouse, measuring from the tip of the nose to the base of the tail 4,?,ths inches ; they were totally destitute of hairs, excepting some two or three dark-coloured labial hairs, or whiskers; the external integument pinkish white, and formed into coarse prominent plicee, or duplica- tures of itself, transversely traversing the body in an undulated shape, and increasing in width and projection as they descended from the dorsum to the most depending line on either side of the thorax and abdomen, and there forming pendulous flaps, extending from the arm of the fore to the thighs of the hind legs ; so that all the legs being stretched asunder, as when on the wires of the cage, these flaps became expanded in the manner of the flying squirrel. The plicee or duplications of the skin were on the sides of the body in a degree symmetrical; and on the face and head, particularly so, as will be observed in the plate, which represents the old male animal, very faithfully delineated by Wolf, to elucidate this paper; the ears of a dark or blackish colour, the tail ash-coloured, and the eyes black, indicating they were not albinos of the species. It was curious to observe the quickness and dexterity with which their little paws opened along the furrows formed by the plicee or folds, to clean between them. So dissimilar, it will be observed, from the cha- racters given, is the external formation of these animals from that of the domestic mouse, that opinions were’ risked as to their con- stituting a different spegies, but on investigating the teeth of the first one that died, and they proving identical, it was inferred they are a lusus nature of that species ;—if such, however, be the fact, I believe this will prove the first instance on record in which the whole litter or brood of animals or birds, have all been in exactly the same state of abnormal condition, and that condition becoming permanent, and continued through successive generations ; of which we have here the example of two or more generations, and. have no knowledge whatever of when this abnormal state may have be- gun ;—for, as in this exemplification, ‘like begets like ’—“‘ similia similibus gignuntur,”’ it is fair to conclude that the two parents whose progeny resembled them, had also progenitors similar to themselves; especially as they in their breeding, like genuine species in the wild state, associated only with those of their own kind ; thus, if the race be not extinct, successions with the same peculiari- ties will be produced, and give rise to a remarkable example of the 40 origin of a new species, or variety of a species, in the genus. I have made inquiries about the locality where these animals were found, as to whether others had ever been observed there before they were discovered, or have been met with since, and find these to have been the only known instances of their occurrence. I am not aware that in the nests of the Rook, Corvus frugilegus, or the Black-bird, Merula vulgaris (which I mention as being those in whose productions /usus nature are the most frequently noticed), or in the nests of any other bird, more than one individual of a brood has been found, constituted in the healthy condition, and having the plumage white, and the red eye of the true albmo ; but variations in colour, &c., may occur in any number, as the results of physical impediments, and not natural production; however, with lucrease of strength and health, these generally obtain afterwards their proper-coloured plumage, and are not therefore true Jusus nature. 'To quadrupeds I believe the rule equally applies. In consequence of the interesting conversation which followed the reading of the foregoing paper, I think it proper to subjoin a few other observations. The excellent condition and clean appearance of the animals, and their well feeding, and activity, left no doubt as to their healthy state during the six months they were alive in my possession and during the four months they were in that of Bond. A member present stated, that while they were in the gardens he had mi- croscopically examined the lamelle or branny scales which are ever separating, in larger or smaller particles, from the epidermis of animals, and found them the natural and healthy production. My own examination of these exfoliations had led me to the same opinion. I had the opportunity, and carried my inquiry still further ; I care- fully examined the surface and sections of the dermoid covering with low and with high microscopic powers, and with transmitted light, and as opake objects, with a view to discover any hair follicles or glandular bulbs from which hairs might have emanated, but could not discover a single indication of either, nor any recognizable vestige of their obliteration ;—I1 therefore believe the organs for pilous pro- duction were absent, and ab initio. These little animals having been found in a straw-rick, I conclude, will sufficiently indicate their habits and general resideuce to be similar to those of the common mouse. Note.—Having recently heard that a specimen of the same variety of Mus that I have described is preserved in the Museum of the College of Surgeons, I compared it with the examples I possess, and found it precisely the same in every character; it was caught by the late Mr. Clift in the fire-place of a room in his house in London, and is entered in the Catalogue of Monsters—‘‘ No. 121. A common Mouse (Mus Musculus), full-grown, which, from its birth, had not the slightest appearance of hair on its skin, being perfectly naked. Presented by Mr. Clift, 1820.” —_~ 41 3. DescrIPTION OF THE ANIMALS AND TEETH OF TYLODINA AND OTHER GENERA OF GASTEROPODOUS MOLLUSCA. By Dr. Joun Epwarp Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., P.B.S. erc. In the following paper I forward the description of the animal and the teeth of several genera of Mollusca which have not yet been recorded. It is interesting to find that the examination of the teeth justifies the position which was theoretically assumed for the genera in the different families before their teeth were known. A. ProsposciDIFERA HAMIGLOSSA. Fam. Muricipz&. Fusus patuinus (“ F. turbinelloides= Pyrula lignaria, Reeve’’). The proboscis elongate, cylindrical, subclavate, entirely retractile ; the lingual membrane elongate, narrow, yellow; teeth in three longitudinal series, 1*1‘1, the central transparent, provided with a rounded front edge, armed with three rather elongate, conical, sub- equal denticles ; the lateral teeth yellow, versatile, straight, with two compressed arched processes, the terminal one largest, the basal rather smaller, and with a small tooth on its outer edge. The oper- culum is horny, thick, ovate, subtrigonal, annular, as large as the mouth of the shell; the apex blunt, rather worn ; the nucleus api- cal, scar large oblong, with a thick callous exterior margin. TYPHIS TETRAPTERUS. Operculum horny, ovate, blunt, laminar ; nucleus anterior apical, as large as the mouth of the shell, rather broader behind. PIsANIA ELEGANS. Panama. The animal pale brown (in spirits) ; the foot folded up and across behind, and together longitudinally in front, leaving a J-shaped groove; tentacles very small; proboscis elongate, thick, clavate, en- tirely retractile; lingual membrane elongate, thin; teeth in three longitudinal rows, 1°1°1, central far apart from each other, and the lateral teeth, lunate, with a slightly denticulated, nearly straight, front edge, and a rather strong concave tooth at each end ; lateral teeth versatile, large, with a nearly equal basal and apical, conical, curved process. Male organ slender, elongate, tapering, yellow, compressed. Operculum ovate, acute, thick, horny, annular, nucleus apical. TRIUMPHIS DISTORTA. Panama. Lingual membrane elongate ; teeth in three longitudinal series, 1-1-1; central teeth very small, far apart ; lateral large, versatile, with two basal unequal, and one larger terminal curved process. Operculum ovate, acute, very thick. 42 Cycutore (NASsSA) NERITINEA. Nucleus prominent above the surface of the apex of the semi-adult shell, turrited, spiral, dextral, of three or four transversely sulcated flat whorls, with a blunt tip, at length deciduous, leaving a flat, spiral, rather callous scar. The whorls of the shell of the hatched animal suddenly enlarged, thick ; smooth,spotted, forming a sudden contrast to the whorls of the nucleus. Risso formed a genus, name Nanina, from the young state of the shell. Fam. BuccinipD&. CuMA SULCATA. Operculum horny, ovate, triangular, with a deep notch on the middle of the broad side, with a broad callous margin on the inner angular edge of the inner surface. Body and foot with a deep groove on the inner side, formed by the fold on the inner lip of the shell, like the notch in the operculum ; foot folded up behind and together in front, forming a J-shaped groove, with a cross groove in front ; tentacles close together at the base, diverging, short, compressed, sharp-edged, eyes on the outer side near the tips, which are more slender and acute above them; proboscis moderately elongate, cylindri- cal, subclavate, completely retractile ; lingual membrane very narrow and elongate, horny; teeth dark-coloured when adult, in three longi- tudinal series, 1:1°1,; the central teeth broad, transverse, about. half the width of the lingual membrane, with seven distant conical denticulations on the front edge, the central denticle forming a con- tinued central ridge, the lateral denticulations unequal, the central of the three larger, the outer one on the outer margin of the tooth ; the lateral teeth small, conical, curved, acute, versatile with a simple rather elongate base. B. OponToGLossa. Fam. FASCIOLARIADZ. FAsCIOLARIA SALMO. Operculum ovate, acute, smooth, slightly concentrically wrinkled ; apex of this individual reproduced and rather rounded. Animal bright red; foot, when contracted, folded together transversely behind and longitudinally in front ; tentacles small, compressed, subulate, united together at the base, forming a small veil; eyes on the outer side, rather above the base, with a conical tentacle only slightly produced above the eyes; proboscis very long, slender, entirely retractile; lingual membrane very long, slender, with three longitudinal series of teeth in cross lines, 1*1+1, the central teeth narrow, square, with three small, subequal, acute denticulations, the central one rather the longest ; the lateral teeth very broad, slightly arched, and more arched at the outer end, with a series of twenty-five or thirty equal, regular, elongate, subulate teeth, somewhat like the teeth of a coarse hair- comb; the central teeth are opposite the space between the lateral 43 teeth, that is, alternating with them. Male organ elongate, subcylin- - drical, compressed, of the same diameter the whole length, rounded at the end with a slight groove on its outer edges, which is not con- tinued up the body as in Malea. LEUCOZONIA ANGULATA. Animal red; the foot, when contracted, folded up across behind, and longitudinally in front, leaving a J-shaped groove ; tentacles close together at their base, diverging, flat, with the eyes on the outer side rather below the tip, which is narrower and acute; pro- boscis completely retractile, clavate; lingual membrane elongate, rather narrow; teeth in three longitudinal series, the central series rather narrower than the lateral ones, square, with a rather arched anterior edge, with elongate, conical, acute denticulations, the central denticulation being the largest and longest; the lateral teeth bandlike, rather oblique, front edge with several distinct, conical, acute den- ticulations, the one at the edge of the inner margins near the central tooth being much the largest and longest ; operculum ovate, acute, thick ; nucleus apical. . C. TNIOGLOSSA. Fam. Do.ipz. The proboscis of this family is very long, large, and more or less dilated, with an open rather trumpet-like mouth at the end. MALEA RINGENS. Animal like Dolium. Lingual membrane narrow, elongate, wider in front ; teeth in seven longitudinal series, dark red, in each cross series, 3°1°3; the central teeth broad, lunate, thin, with a central recurved apex, and sometimes a small denticle for each side, halfway between the tooth and the end; the lateral teeth subulate, curved, acute at the top; cervical collar of two ovate, horny plates, covered with crowded converging subulate teeth; foot short, truncated in front, rounded behind; proboscis cylindrical, large, retractile into a sheath under the tentacular veil; mouth open at the end; tentacles subulate ; eyes on short tubercles at the outer hinder side. Male organ very large, compressed, with marginal groove on the outer side, continued up the right side of the body by the side of the rectum, and with a‘slender filiform appendage near the tip. Operculum none. Fam. TRITONIADZ. The animals of this family are intermediate in character between the Proboscidifere and the Rostrifere. The proboscis is larger and thicker than in the other families of the Proboscidifere, is not so much retracted, and is contained in a more free sheath, and the end of the retracted trunk is often partly exposed beyond the margin of the sheath, giving the animal somewhat the external appearance of the Rostrifere, and explaining why some of the French figures of 44 the animals of Triton, Ranella, &c. are represented as if they be- longed to that division of the Gasteropods. RANELLA CZELATA. Tentacles lateral, separated by a short, rather broad, truncated tubular veil; eyes on the outer side rather above the base; proboscis short, very large and thick, retracted to the edge of the veil, leaving the two rounded pale processes of its apex exposed, forming with the yeil a rostrum-like projection, very unlike the elongate, slender, cylindrical retracted proboscis of Murex, Purpura, &c.; lingual membrane narrow, elongate; teeth in seven series, 3°1°3, close together, rather crowded, the central rather narrow, with a central prominent denticle, having a smaller one on each side of the base; the lateral teeth subulate, curved. ScuTIBRANCHIATA RHIPIDOGLOSSA. Fam. TurRBINID&. ImpeRATOR, nis.? Panama. Eye-pedicel thick ; tentacles elongate, slender, frontal lappets trun- cated, broad at the base, about 1 the width of the forehead; foot folded longitudinally behind and transversely in front; lateral fringe of the right side most distinct; muzzle produced, annulated ; lingual membrane elongate, rather narrow, linear, dark brown; central teeth 5-15, the middle one broad, the side ones narrower, square, all with a recurved tip; the lateral teeth numerous, hairlike, the inner one wider. CALLOPOMA SAxosuM. Panama. Foot folded across in the middle; back with a hoodlike process covering the front part of the operculum, and depositing the external callosity of it; eyes on short thick pedicels ; tentacles linear, at the upper edge of the eye-pedicel; frontal lappet truncated, narrow at the base, at the imer side of the base of the tentacles ; lateral fringe on each side, with three beards on the middle of the edge; lingual membrane broad, elongate ; central series 5-1°5; the central broad, with a recurved tip, the lateral one more narrow, equal ; the lateral teeth numerous, hairlike. Fam. TRocHID. TEGULA PELLIS SERPENTIS. Panama. Operculum horny, thin, orbicular, of many narrow, gradually en- larging whorls ; foot folded together longitudinally when contracted ; eyes on thin elongated pedicels ; tentacles linear, sheathed at the base by the inner part of the base of the eye-pedicels ; frontal lappet none; lateral fringe of left side distinct, with three beards just be- neath it; lingual membrane elongate, broad; teeth in ten longi- tudinal series, in arched cross rows, elongate, with a rounded apex ; lateral teeth linear, crowded, arched at the end. 45 Order PLEUROBRANCHIATA. Fam. APLYSIADZ. ApLyst4 DEPILANS ? Genoa. The small, polished, subglobular spiral (sinistral?) nucleus or apex of the older shell is, with the subapical part of the shell, co- vered with a membranaceous reflection of the inner lip over its sur- face, which is only slightly adherent to the surface of the shell and nucleus, and easily removed from it, but which gradually become thicker ; the top of the shell appears to be absorbed, or more or less obliterated in the older specimens. According to Mr. Woodward, Mr. Hancock has observed in the adult specimen two or three shells one within the other, like the Lol- gines or Sea slaves. . Fam. TyLoDINAD&. TYLODINA PuNCTULATA=T', Rajfinesquii, Philippi. Lingual membrane very broad, brown ; teeth small, uniform, very numerous, in very numerous longitudinal lines, forming straight con- tinued uniform lines across the membrane, with an indistinct central line; the tentacles subulate, slit on the outer side; the lips are produced and acute on each side, and twisted, leaving a slight eavity on the outer side of the tip; the mantle is thin, free all round the edge and slightly thickened just within the margin, rather thicker and more free over the front of the back; the gill is single on the hinder part of the right side just under the mantle, attached the whole of its length on the inner side by a central ridge to the side of the body; the outer side is furnished with a rather thick, rather zigzag central vessel, giving out pinnated vascular branches, nearly alternating with each other on each side of the great vessel; the foot is larger than the mantle and shell, expanded, rounded behind, truncated in front and slightly emarginate in the centre under the mouth; the sexual aperture not visible in the specimen in spirits. Shell conic, patelloid, thin, slightly pearly within, with a thin, hard, horny periostraca, which is produced beyond the edge of the shell, and radiately coloured, in the dry state brittle, hard, and ontracted ; the apex’ (of the shell) subcentral, with a rather pro- uced polished top, nucleus subglobose, with a slightly convex spire of one and a half or two rapidly enlarging subconvolute whorls ; aperture ovate, rather irregular, slightly dilated on the right side; cavity simple ; muscular scar subannular, with an angular inflection rather behind the middle of the right side, the form of the scar is varia- ble, sometimes square, broad all round; in the larger more developed specimens the scar is rather horse-shoe shaped, being rather dilated at the front part of each side, and the front portion over the back of the head is narrow, linear, and transverse. The genus was first established by Rafinesque in 1814 ; Blainville, who only knew it from Rafinesque’s imperfect descriptions, referred it to the Patelloida, but Menke, Philippi and Cantraine properly con- sidered it allied to Pleurobranchus, and especially Umbrella, and very 46 lately Dr. Lovén stated that it was allied to Turbonella (Index Moll.. Scand. 19). The examination of the teeth shows it to belong to the typical Pleurobranchiata, and the form and position of the gill its affinity with the genera Pleurobranchus and Umbrella; indeed it chiefly differs from the former genus in having an external conic patelloid shell, and from the latter ia the head being produced and the mouth not sunken in a deep anterior pit. In the British Museum there are two species of this genus. 1. T. punctulata, Rafin., T. Rafinesquii, Philippi, T. cttrina, Joannis, Guérin, Mag. Zool. i. t. 36. Shell thin, whitish; periostraca hard, opake, with dark brown rays. Mediterranean. 2. T. atlantica= Umbrella Mediterranea? MacAndrew, Ann. Nat. Hist. Shell solid, bright yellow ; periostraca—? N. Atlantic, Madeira. Fam. UMBRELLAD. UMBRELLA MEDITERRANEA. The nucleus of this genus is very like that of 7'ylodina, subglobose, polished, sinistral, of one and a half or almost two subcylindrical, ra- pidly enlarging whorls ; the adult shell is irregular in the outline and rather expanded on the hinder part of the right side, over the gills; the muscular scar is annular, continued, and of nearly uniform breadth, but slightly interrupted in various parts. The chief dif- ference between the shell of Tylodina and Umbrella is, that the shell of the former is more elevated, very thin, covered with a hard, rather paleaceous periostraca, and the muscular scar is furnished with an angular inflation on the hinder parts of the right side; a sinistral nucleus is found on several others; shells as the genera of Pyra- midellide. Fam. PRosERPINID2. PROSERPINA. Respiratory cavity open; mantle free from the back of the neck, with a double edge, the outer one rather reflexed; foot moderate,” truncated in front, acute, and keeled above behind; muzzle short, truncated, annulated, with a triangular inferior mouth; tentacles 2, lateral, far apart, tapering and acute ; eyes moderate, sessile, at the outer side of the base of the tentacles ; the front part of the back of the foot concave, surrounded by a continuation of the mantle, form- ing a fleshy submarginal fringe, which is fuller (when contracted in spirits), crumpled and folded on itself on the left side. Operculum none. 47 4. Descriptions or Tuirty-rouR New Species oF BIvaLve Motuvsca (Leva, Nucuta, aNp PyrHiNA) FROM THE Cvu- MINGIAN CotLecTion. By Artruur Apams, F.L.S. Etc. £.%. 1. Pyruarna arcuata, A. Adams. P. testa transversa, elongata, inequilaterali, triangulari, latere antico breviore, subtruncato, ad umbonibus angulato, postico lon- giore, rotundato; margine ventrali arcuato, in medio sinuato, irregulariter hiante ; alba concentrice striata, epidermide fusca radiatim striata induta. . Hab. Isle of Zebu, adhering to Lingula anatina at the upper edge, sandy mud, 3 fathoms. Mus. Cuming. This is an arcuated triangular species with the anterior side of the valves angulated, and the surface covered with a fuscous epidermis striated towards the ventral margin. [f.%,. 2 Pyrurna Cumrinen, A. Adams. P. testa tenui, elongato-transversa, subtrigonali, equilaterali, um- bonibus acutis medianis, epidermide tenui virido-fusca mduta, concentrice striata, radiatim sulcata, sulcis ad marginem ven- tralem distinctioribus, umbonibus levigatis, corrosulis, margine ventrali in medio sinuato, intus inciso-crenulato. Hab. Gindulman, Isle of Bohol, sandy mud, 8 fathoms ; Him- mamailan, Isle of Negros, sandy mud, 3 fathoms. Mus. Cuming. This is the largest species of Pythina yet known, the transverse diameter being about one inch. The shell is thin, nearly smooth, and covered with a brownish-green epidermis, and with the surface near the beak eroded. i) 3. Pyraina pauta, A. Adams. P. testa parva, transverso-elongata, trigonali, equilaterali, ad um- bones subangulata, latere postico angustiore, antico rotundato ; concentrice striata, albida, epidermide tenui fulvicante induta ; margine ventrali sinuato, in medio excavato. Hab. Raimes Island, Torres Straits (Capt. Ince). Mus. Cuming. This is a small whitish species angulated near the beak and covered with a thin, pale yellowish epidermis. Bet. 4. Pyruina PecuLiaris, A. Adams. P. testa parva, transverso-elongata, equilaterali, triangulari, flexuosa, alba, concentrice striata, umbonibus minutis, medianis acutis, latere postico plica angulata obliqua instructo, margine ventrali medio valde sinuato. Hab. Ceylon (£. L. Layard, Esq.). Mus. Cuming. This species is of a very remarkable form, being slightly twisted laterally, and so deeply sinuated in the ventral margin as to appear bent on itself. 5. PyrHINna TRIANGULARIS, A. Adams. P. testa parva, equilaterali, trigonali, alba, in medio linea impressa oes > > 3 48 divisa, concentrice striata; umbonibus perparvis medianis ; margine ventrali hiante, rectiusculo, medio subsinuato. Hab. Bay of Manilla, sandy mud, 5 fathoms. Mus. Cuming. This is a small white triangular shell with an impressed line in the centre of the valves, and with the ventral margin gaping and nearly rectilinear, although it is slightly notched in the middle. 6. Lepa evecta, A. Adams. L. testa elongato-transversa, compressa, vie equilaterali, lactea, solidiuscula, utrinque hiante; latere antico acuminato, rotun- dato, postico attenuato, rostrato, oblique subtruncato ; concen- trice tenuissime plicato-lirata ; plicis postice evanidis, distan- tioribus, margine ventrali arcuato. Hab. Santos, Brazil (Capt. Martin). Mus. Cuming. This is a very beautiful milk-white Leda, partakg, in many particulars, of the character of F. crenifera and JL. costellata, Sowerby. 7. Leva siLiqua, Reeve. L. testa ventricosa, solidiuscula, subequilaterali, epidermide nitida fusca induta, concentrice tenuissime sulcata ; umbonibus pro- minentibus, ldtere antico rotundato, postico subrostrato, oblique truncato; area postica angulata, et carina obtusa ab umbonibus ad marginem ventralem extendente. Hab. Arctic Seas (Sir E. Belcher). Mus. Cuming. This is a fine pod-like Arctic species, covered with a dark fuscous epidermis, with the hinder side angulated and obliquely truncate, and with an obtuse ridge extending from the beaks to the ventral margin. 8. Lepa concrnna, A. Adams. L. testa tenuiuscula, compressa, lateribus hiante, pallide fusca, con- centrice lirata, liris angustis, regularibus, subdistantibus; latere antico breviore ae rotundo, postico longiore ae rostrato; rostro producto, tenui, subrecurvato, truncato ; area lanceolata, an- gusta, carina crenata utriusque instructa. Hab. New Zealand. Mus. Cuming. A rather thin compressed species slightly gaping at both ends, of a light brown colour, concentrically lirate, and with a slender beak truncate at the end. 9. Lepa rnornata, A. Adams. L. testa transversa, triangulari, ovata, gibbosula, fusca; umbonibus albidis, erosis; concentrice valide sulcata, latere antico breviore et rotundato, postico acuminato, subrostrato ; area lanceolata, lata ad lateribus angulata, margine ventrali regulariter arcuato. Hab. New Guinea. Mus. Cuming. This species is founded on a small, rather gibbose shell, covered with a fuscous epidermis, from New Guinea, coarsely sulcate and slightly beaked posteriorly. 49 eo 10. Lepa rastrpiosa, A. Adams. B.fis ; ey a | L. testa transversim ovata sordido albido-fusca concentrice lirata fusca, nitida, concentrice tenuiter et regulariter sulcata ; latere antico subproducto ac rotundato, postico angulato ac rostrato, rostro acuminato, margine ventrali postice subsinuoso et in medio subproducto. Hab. New Zealand. Mus. Cuming. A shining, pale fuscous, ventricose species, very gibbose in the middle, and beautifully grooved transversely; the beak slender, pointed and recurved. 11. Lepa BeLuuLa, A. Adams. L. testa transversim ovata, sordide albido-fusca, concentrice lirata, liris elevatiuseulis subdistantibus, umbonibus prominentibus ; latere antico rotundato, postico rostrato; rostro acuto, atte- nuato, recurvo ; area lanceolata, valde impressa, liris confertis marginata. Hab. Australia (Mr. Strange). Mus. Cuming. - This is a dull dirty white or light brown shell, concentrically lirate, and with a somewhat curved and pointed rostrum; the lanceolate area is deeply impressed, and has a prominent ridge on each side. 3.M, 12. Lepa 1nconspicua, A. Adams. L. testa transversim ovata, ventricosula, nitida, fusca, concentrice subtilissime sulcata; latere antico breviore et rotundato, postico longiore, subacuminato ac oblique subtruncato ; area lanceolata, obscura, nymphis prominentibus, margine ventrali regulariter arcuato. Hab. Australia. Mus. Cuming. A shining light-brown species, rather ventricose concentrically, very finely sulcate, with the posterior side produced attenuated, and with the end obliquely truncate. 13. Lepa tucusris, A. Adams. L. testa solida, subgibbosa, triangulari-ovata, nigro-fusca; latere antico declivo, lunula lanceolato-cordata,impressa; latere postico acuminato ac breviter rostrato; area lanceolata, lata, levi ; concentrice lirata, liris validis distantibus postice flexuosis ; margine ventrali simplict. Hab. ? Mus. Cuming. A dark, fuscous, solid shell, having very much the aspect of a Crassatella, with a broad impressed lunule and strong flexuous plice. 14. Lepa Leprpa, A. Adams. L. testa transversim ovata, ventricosa, nitida, pallide fulva, con- centrice tenuiter sulcata ; latere antico breviore et rotundato, No. CCCIV.—ProceeEpiInGs oF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 50 postico longiore, superne subangulato, inferne oblique rotundato; area lanceolata, utrinque carinata. Hab. Philippines. Mus. Cuming. This is a shining, pale fulvous, finely sulcate species, with the hinder side rather acutely angulated above and obliquely rounded below, and with the lanceolate area ridged on each side. 15. Lepa pecora, A. Adams. L. testa transverso-oblonga, crassa, solida, utrinque subhiante, sordide alba, conferte et valde concentrice suleata; latere antico rotundato, postico rostrato; rostro recurvato et oblique subtrun- cato; area lanceolata, depressa, carina valida crenata utriusque instructa. Hab. West Indies. Mus. Cuming. A transversely elongate species, with a strong crenate keel on each side of the lozenge, and somewhat resembling in appearance the L. crenifera of Sowerby. 16. Lepa ruLeipa, A. Adams. L. testa transversim ovata, levi, pallide fusca, micante, perventri- cosa; antice breviore et rotundata, postice acuminata et rostrata; rostro subrecurvo, margine ventrali regulariter arcuato. Hab. Port Essington. Mus. Cuming. This is a smooth, shining, pale-brown shell, very ventricose, rounded and short anteriorly and rostrate posteriorly, and with the rostrum rather recurved. 17. Lepa semisuLceata, A. Adams. L. testa transversim oblonga, compressiuscula, lactea, nitida, con- centrice sulcata, sulcis ad partem posticam obsoletis ; umbonibus acutis, subcentralibus; latere antico breviore, rotundato, postico acuminato, non producto; nymphis prominentibus, oblique sul- catis ; margine ventrali regulariter arcuato. Hab. Borneo. Mus. Cuming. A shining, rather compressed, milk-white shell, with the sulci obsolete on the posterior half, and with the hind side acuminate but not produced. 18. Lepa piicireRA, A. Adams. L. testa transverso-oblonga, alba, nitida, subventricosa, oblique suleata ; latere antico rotundato, plicis 3-4 validis radiantibus instructo, latere postico carina obliqua ab umbonibus ad mar- ginem ventralem extendente; area lanceolata, carina crenata duplici utrinque instructa; margine postico truncato et valde emarginato, margine valvarum simplict. Hab. China Seas. Mus. Cuming. Strongly notched at the hind margin, and with three or four plicee at the anterior part, and with a double crenate keel on each side of the lunule. 19. Youpra LEPIDULA, A. Adams. Y. testa transversa, oblonga, utrinque hiante, tenui, inequilateralt; 51 latere antico breviore rotundato, postico longiore, subangulato; pallide fusca, nitida, tenuiter concentrice sulcata, margine ventrali regulariter arcuato. Hab. Coast of Borneo. Mus. Cuming. A thin pale-brown species, with the hind side rather angulated, but not distinctly rostrate. 20. Nucuxa Bettotiu, A. Adams. N. testa oblique ovata, ventricosa, valde inequilaterali; latere antico breviore; lunula cordata, conspicua ; umbonibus erosis ; epidermide crassa, nitida, olivacea induta, concentrice plicata, plicis validioribus ad marginem ventralem; area postica et antica pallidis. Hab. Arctic Seas (Sir E. Belcher). Mus. Cuming. The beaks are much eroded, and the valves are strongly plicate towards the ventral margin. I have dedicated this fine Arctic species to the memory of the gallant Bellot, who unfortunately lost his life in the search after Sir John Franklin and his brave companions. Bw 21. Nucuxa nirrpuLa, A. Adams. N. testa perobliqua, gibbosa ; latere antico obiique subtruncato, postico rotundato, producto; nitida, obscure sulcata, sub lente radiatim striata; umbonibus subacutis; pallide fusca, margine valvarum tenuiter crenulata. Hab. New Zealand. A very oblique gibbose species, radiately striated under the lens, and produced and rounded posteriorly; it is obscurely concentrically sulcate. 22. Nucuua Layarpu, A. Adams. N. testa transversim ovata, compressiuscula, nitida vix levi, ob- solete concentrice sulcata; umbonibus margaritaceis ; latere an- tico breviore exeavato, ad partem ventralem subproducto ; pal- lide viridi-fusca, margine valvarum simplict. Hab. Ceylon (£. L. Layard, Esq.). Mus. Cuming. A pale greenish-brown Nucula, with the anterior side short and excavated, and the surface obscurely sulcate. - 23. Nucuta MarGaRiITAceA, A. Adams. N. testa transversim ovata, sublevi, nacrea splendida tenuiter concentrice obsoletim striata; lunula et area lanceolata in medio prominentibus ; latere antico subangulato et producto, margine valvarum simplici. Hab. Malacca (Dr. Traill). Mus. Cuming. This is a rather smooth ovate species, glistening with a nacreous lustre, especially towards the beaks. 24. Nucuua PayTENsIs, A. Adams. N. testa perobliqua, transversim ovata, gibbosa; latere antico brevissimo ; epidermide fusca induta ; lunula et area lanceolata, 52 valde transversim sulcatis, concentrice sulcata, decussatim stri- ata,umbonibus erosiusculis, margine ventrali tenuiter crenulata. Hab. Payta, Peru. Mus. Cuming. A very oblique, ovate, gibbose species, concentrically grooved and decussately striated. 25. Nucuwa cipsa, A. Adams. N. testa perobliqua, solida, gibbosa, pallide fusca; latere antico ab- rupte truncato; lunula lata, cordata; area lanceolata, utrinque serie tuberculorum transversorum instructa; levi, nitida, obso- lete radiatim striata, margine valvarum valde crenulato. Hab. Australia (Mr. Strange). Mus. Cuming. This is a very oblique, solid, gibbose species, with a wide cordate lunule, and with a row of transverse tubercles on each side of the lanceolate area. 26. NucuLa crENuLATA, A. Adams. N. testa perobliqua, transversim ovata, fusca; latere postico pro- ducto, rotundato ; area lanceolata, transversim valde sulcata ; concentrice valde sulcata, interstitiis striis radiantibus crenu- latis, pallide fusca; margine crenulato. Hab. Guadaloupe. Mus. Cuming. 27. Nucuua simpLex, A. Adams. N. testa oblique ovata, tenui, compressa, pallide olivacea, viz levi, concentrice obsolete striata; lunula lanceolata; nymphis pro- minulis ; latere postico producto, rotundato, margine valvarum simplict. Hab. Sydney (Mr. Strange). Mus. Cuming, Like N. Strangei, but with the anterior side shorter and more truncate. 28. Nucuua SrranGet, A. Adams. N. testa oblique ovata, inequilaterali, subcompressa ; epidermide nitida, aureo-viridi induta ; latere antico breviore, ad lunulam excavato, postico longiore rotundato ; area lanceolata, elevata, superficie obscure concentrice sulcata. Hab. New Zealand (Mr. Strange). Mus. Cuming. 29. NucuLa PAULULA, A. Adams. N. testa perobliqua, gibbosula, latere antico declivi, umbonibus erosulis; fusca, concentrice irregulariter sulcata; latere postico rotundo et producto, margine ventrali crenulato. Hab. Japan. Mus. Cuming. A small brown, very inequivalve, solid, gibbose species. 30. Nucuta striouata, A. Adams. N. testa compressiuscula, oblique ovata, umbonibus subacutis, pallide olivacea, obsolete concentrice sulcata, valde radiatim striata; margine ventrali crenulato. Hab. China Seas. Mus. Cuming. 53 31. Nucuwa suucata, A. Adams. N. testa valde convexa, oblique ovata, umbonibus prominulis, latere antico breviore rotundato; pallide olivacea, concentrice valde sulcata, radiatim striata, striis ad marginem valvarum validi- oribus ; margine valvarum crenulato. Hab. New Zealand. Mus. Cuming. B-M. 32. Nucuua castanea, A. Adams. N. testa ovali, perobliqua, subcompressa, eastanea, latere antico breviore truncato, lunula in medio prominenti, latere postico declivi, rotundo; vix levi, obsolete concentrice suleata, obscure radiatim striata ; margine valvarum creberrime crenulato. Hab. New Zealand. Mus. Cuming. An oval, very oblique, rather compressed Nucula, with the anterior side truncate and the lunule prominent in the middle, nearly smooth, but obsoletely striated, and with the margin very finely crenulated. 33. Mactra Maria, A. Adams. M. testa ovato-transversa, compressiuscula, solida, inequilaterali, latere antico paulo breviore, epidermide olivaceo-fulvicante induta, maculis rotundatis conglomeratis et distinctis rufo-fuscis trregulariter picta, umbonibus albidis, transversim sulcata, sulcis postice corrugato-plicatis ; lunula areaque sulcatis; intus alba; pallii impressione margine inferiore remoto, sinu profundo, oblique triangulari. Hab. ? Mus. Cuming. This is a large and handsome species ef Mactra, ornamented with rounded, distinct, and oblong conglomerate spots, which are most numerous towards the beaks. 34. ScRoBICULARIA SEYCHELLARUM, A. Adams. S. testa transversim ovata, inequilaterali, latere antico breviore rotundato, postico longiore declivi, subattenuato et rostrato, utrinque viz flecuoso, lactea, nitida, suleis concentricis posticis et obliquis anticis divaricatim sculpta ; cardine ligamento ex- terno, cartilagine interno in fossa obliqua prominenti posito ; sinu pallit impressionis valido et profundo. Hab. Seychelles (— Ricketts, Esq.). Mus. Cuming. This is a very peculiar shell, with the generic characters of Sero- bicularia, or rather those of the subgenus forming the Capsa of Bose, or Serobicularia b. of Schumacher, and which are usually re- - garded as Tellinas. 5. OBSERVATIONS ON STRONGYLUS FILARIA AND BoTauRus STELLARIS. By Epwarps Crisp, M.D. Dr. Crisp exhibited specimens and drawings of Strongylus filaria, which he discovered had lately proved so destructive to lambs in 54 many parts of England. In several lambs examined by Dr. Crisp millions of these entozoa and their ova were found in the bronchial tubes and in the intestinal canal, and he believed that many of the ova of these worms had been mistaken for Cysticerci; but the various stages of development could be readily traced under the microscope. Dr. Crisp had tried many experiments on the living worms as to the effect of poisons and other agents, and he believed that salt or sulphur given with the food, and the inhalation of sul- phurous gas, under proper superintendence, would be the most likely means of destroying these parasites. Dr. Crisp also placed on the table some parts of the anatomy of the Common Bittern (Botaurus stellaris), two of which birds (now comparatively rare) had recently been shot on the eastern coast of Suffolk. The bird from which the specimens were taken was a fine male, measuring from the tip of each wing 4 feet 1 inch, and from the point of the beak (when extended) to the lower part of the tarsus 3 feet. Among the peculiarities alluded to, was the smallness of the sternum, which measured only 3 inches longitudinally ; the depth of keel only 3 of an inch, and the lateral margins the same. The trachea measured twelve inches in length, and consisted of 198 imperfect rings; the bronchi of 20 semicircular elastic cartilages, readily approximated, and hence the production of the peculiar sound from which the bird takes its name. The stomach which was exhibited was large, and contained near its cardiac orifice a circle of gastric glands. A roach, weighing about four ounces, was digested at this part, but the tail, which was in the cesophagus, was intact. To show the voracity and capacity of swallow of this bird, Dr. Crisp said, that Sir W. Jardine and Mr. Yarrell had both taken a Water Rail from the stomach and cesophagus, and in Mr. Yarrell’s speci- men there were six small fish in addition. The pectinated claw was also exhibited, Dr. Crisp believing that it served for the purpose of cleaning the beak and mouth of the bird. April 8, 1856. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., in the Chair. The following papers were read :— 1. On Dryornis (Part VII.): conrainine a Descriprion oF THE BoNES OF THE LEG AND Foor or THE DINORNIS ELE- PHANTOPUS, Owen. By Pror. Owen, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., &e. Mr. Walter Mantell having, on his recent return from New Zea- land, provisionally deposited his very extensive collection of remains of Dinornithic and other birds in the British Museum, I have gladly al 55 acceded to the wishes of that successful: and enterprising collector, and of my friend the able Keeper of the Mineralogical Department of the Museum, to devote the leisure at my command to the exami- nation of this interesting and valuable collection. I had advanced as far as the determination of the bones of the leg, and their classification according to their species, when the distinctive characters of one series of these bones irresistibly brought a convic- tion that they belonged to a species of Dinornis that had not pre- viously come under my notice, and a species also which, for the massive strength of the limbs and the general proportions of breadth or bulk to height of body, must have been the most extraordinary of all the previously restored wingless birds of New Zealand, and unmatched, probably, by any known recent or extinct species of this class of birds. I was so much struck by the form and proportions of the meta- tarsal bone described in the memoir read to the Zoological Society, June 23, 1846, and figured in pl. 48, figs. 4 and 5, vol. iii. of the ‘ Zoological Transactions,’ that I alluded to it as “‘ representing the pachydermal type and proportions in the feathered class*,”” and the bone unquestionably indicated at that period “the strongest and most robust of birds.’’ By the side of the metatarsus of the species which I have now to describe, and for which I propose the name of elephantopus, that of the Dinornis crassus, however, shrinks to moderate, if not slender dimensions. But the peculiarities of the elephant-footed Dinornis stand out still more conspicuously when the bones of its lower limbs are contrasted with those of the Dinornis giganteus. I propose, in the present memoir, to combine with the account of the leg- and foot-bones of the Dinornis elephantopus, that of the bones of the lower limb of the Dinornis crassus, which had not pre- viously been described, and to bring out their characteristics by comparison with the bones of other species, especially those of the Dinornis robustus. Commencing with the femur, I shall premise the following table of admeasurements of that bone in Dinornis :— Dimensions of the femur in ......... D. robustus. | D. elephantopus. | D. crassus. ; In. Lines.| In. Lines. | In. Lines. SME byddwch secedssaeeebd. 2 te tes 14 2 13 0/11 10 Transverse breadth of proximal end 6 0 5 10 4 5 Fore-and-aft breadth of do...... 5 0 4 5 3 9 Transverse breadth of distalend ... 6 0 5 11 4 7 Fore-and-aft breadth of do......... 4 3 3 9 3 5 Circumference, least, of shaft ...... 7 10 7 9 6 0 The above comparative dimensions bring out the characteristic proportions of the femur of the Dinornis elephantopus, as shown b its greater thickness and strength. As compared with the femur of the Dinornis robustus, this character is remarkably exemplified on a comparison of their articular extremities. Had these parts alone of the Dinornis elephantopus been preserved and submitted to me, I * Ib. p. 325. 56 should have scarcely ventured upon a conclusion as to their specific distinction from the Dinornis giganteus or Dinornis robustus, the correspondence of configuration being so close, and the difference of size so slight. The articular surface is continued from the head upon the upper part of the neck, expanding as it approaches the great trochan- ter, along the summit of which it is terminated by a ridge. In both species the surface for attachment of the ligamentum teres is formed, as it were, by a portion of the inner and back part of the hemisphere having been cut off obliquely with a slight excavation. The corresponding ligamentous surface in the head of the femur of the Dinernis crassus is relatively smaller, less depressed and less defined. The upper and fore part of the trochanter is less produced relatively to the breadth of the supra-trochanterian articular surface in the Dinornis elephantopus. In this species the sub-circular rough surface for the attachment of the i/iacus internus muscle is relatively nearer to the head of the bone than in the Dinornis robustus ; the rugged and thick fore part of the great trochanter descends lower upon the shaft; indeed, the shortness of the entire bone seems to depend chiefly on the shaft being relatively shorter in the Dinornis elephantopus. The intermuscular ridge continued from the tro- chanterian one seems to bifurcate sooner in the Dinornis elephantopus. The depression behind the trochanterian ridge is less deep in the Dinornis elephantopus. The oblique rotular channel is relatively as wide and deep as in the Dinornis robustus, but the inner boundary formed by the fore part of the inner condyle is shorter. At the back part of the shaft the medullo-arterial foramen is relatively nearer the proximal end of the bone; the two tuberosities below this are closer together. The two sides of the fibular groove are at a more open angle, and the groove is less deep in the Dinornis elephantopus, the outer side being less produced. The antero-posterior breadth of the outer and inner condyles is equal in the Dinornis elephantopus as in the Dinornis robustus ; but in the Dinornis crassus that dimension of the outer condyle exceeds the same dimension in the inner one, and the fibular groove is more open or shallow than in the Dinornis elephantopus. The generic modifications of the femur are, however, very closely preserved in each species, being strictly of the type ascribed to the genus Dinornis in my original memoir, Zool. Trans, vol. iii. p. 247. Dimensions of the tibia in ......... D. robustus. | D.elephantopus.| D. crassus. Ft. In. Limes.| Ft. In. Lines. | Ft. In. a s tities | eal | 17 “6 Pinning See ct PT a Yt ge f cae vi * Transverse breadth of proximal end (BT { 7 j 6 2 * Fore-and-aft breadth of _ do....... 4 9 < : } Ame Least circumference of shaft......... 6 9 6.7. D 410 ok _ Transverse breadth of distal end... 4 4 i a } 33 * The extremes of size in a series of several bones are here given. 57 The characters of the upper end of the tibia of the Dinornis elephantopus closely accord with those of the Dinornis robustus, and the difference of size, as exemplified in the foregoing table, is so slight, that had this extremity only of the bone reached me, I should most probably have referred it to the Dinornis robustus. The almost flat articular surface for the inner condyle of the femur is somewhat less in its shorter diameter ; the epicnemial ridge is less extended transversely ; the ectocnemial ridge curves more strongly outwards ; but there are individual varieties in all these characters in the tibize before me. All the tibize, however, differ in the earlier sub- sidence of the ridge continued downwards from the procnemial plate, which ridge is continued in Dinornis robustus uninterrupted by that above the inner division of the distal trochlea. The space between the ecto- and pro-cnemial plates in the Dinornis crassus is relatively greater than im either of the above larger species ; the ridge con- tinued from the procnemial plate is interrupted as in the Dinornis elephantopus. The fore part of the tibia internal to the procnemial ridge is impressed by irregular vascular grooves. The fibular ridge is interrupted by a smooth tract, in or near which is the orifice of the canal for the obliquely descending medullary artery in all the ‘species of Dinornis. The upper division of the ridge is shorter in the Dinornis elephantopus than in the Dinornis robustus, and rela- tively shorter than in the Dinornis crassus. The surface between the fibular ridge and the inner border of the shaft at the back part is concave transversely in Dinornis elephantopus, not merely flat as in Dinornis robustus and Dinornis crassus, and, as it descends, it continues longer a flat surface before it changes gradually to a convex one. The oblong rough insertional surface above the inner condyle is relatively shorter and better defined in the Dinornis elephantopus than in the Dinornis robustus. On the characteristic fore part of the lower end of the tibia, that bone in the Dinornis elephantopus repeats all the modifications ascribed to the Dinornis in my memoir on the Gastornis, or large fossil bird from the Paris eocene*. The tendinal canal inclines obliquely inwards parallel with the inner border of the expanding end, near which it is placed; the bony bridge spans across it from a flattened tubercle developed from the lower part of the outer pier. The outlet of the canal is as wide as in the Dinornis robustus ; its aspect is obliquely forwards and down- wards. External to the tubercle is an oblique rough depression, relatively narrower and better defined than in the Dinornis robustus. The inner condyle is relatively narrower and more produced forwards than in the Dinornis robustus, resembling more the proportions of that part in the Dinornis crassus. The general form and oblique direction of the wide distal trochlear articulation are closely repeated in all the species, the canal being rather more sharply defined behind in the Dinornis elephantopus than in the Dinornis robustus. The depression on the entocondyloid surface is less deep in the Dinornis elephantopus than in the Dinornis robustus. The above-specified differences, as well as all that I have noticed in * * Proceedings of the Geological Society.’ 58 the tibize of other species of Dinornis, are so inferior in degree to those which I have found in closely allied genera, and eyen in dif- ferent species of the same genus, of other large Jand- and wading- birds, as e.g. in species of Ciconia, and in the existing Struthious genera, as to leave a strong impression on my mind of the generic affinity of the species which I have referred to Dinornis and Pala- pteryz, and which species have been divided, with a more liberal imposition of terms, by Dr. Reichenbach into the nominal genera Anomalopteryx, Movia, Emeus, Syornis, &c., no additional facts or characters being given by that nomenclator than are to be found in the pages or plates of my own memoirs. The fibula of the Dinornis elephantopus remains, as in other Dinornithes, and as in the existing struthious genera, permanently distinct from the tibia; as a general rule in birds, it soon becomes anchylosed to that bone. In the species now defined it is a straight styliform bone, 14 inches 6 lines in length. The head is subcom- pressed and produced, as if slightly bent backwards; the upper arti- cular surface is convex from before backwards, almost fiat trans- versely. The head of the bone is flattened on the inner side, almost flat, but a little convex on the outer side. The fore-and-aft dimen- sion is 2 inches 9 lines, the transverse diameter 1 inch 3 lines. Be- low the head the bone assumes a trihedral form, with the sides convex, gradually tapering, and blending into a shape elliptic in transverse section, and ending in a point about 9 inches above the ankle-joint. The outer surface of the shaft of the fibula is impressed by two oblong rough surfaces for the insertion of muscles, the upper one 2 inches 9 lines in length; the inner part, which is ridge-like, dividing the fore from the back surface of the bone, presents a rough surface with a median interruption, for the ligamentous attachment to the fibular ridge of the tibia. Dimensions of the Metatarse of..... aH gigan- D.robustus, D.elephan- D. erassus. eus. topus. In. Lines.| In. Lines. In. Lines. In. Lines, iON Ets oesebcidawestne «ppupwisuraesessbueene 18 6 5 9 3 8 8 Transverse breadth of proximalend ... 4 3 4 4 3 3.3 Transverse breadth of distal end......... sd! 5 3 54 Set J Least breadth of shaft............600..0005 23 2°'0 2.5 Bug Fore-and-aft breadth of proximal end... 3 2 3 2 2 10 2 5 Circumference of ditto............seeeeeees 12 0 12..9 en) 9 3 Least circumference of shaft ...........- 6 3 aS: 6 6 4 6 Breadth of middle trochlea............... 1 10 yi rps i pag Length of do. following the curve ...... i 5 4 5 3 4 0 I had hitherto regarded the metatarse of the Dinornis crassus (Zoological Transactions, vol. iii. pl. 48, figs. 4 and 5), as presenting the most extraordinary form and proportions of all the restored species of huge wingless birds of New Zealand; but it is strikingly surpassed in robustness and in great relative breadth and thickness by the same bone of the present species, which chiefly on that account I have proposed to name elephantopus. Only in the great Maccaws and Penguins do I know of a metatarse with similar pro- portions to that of this most robust-legged of birds. But the Parrot anita Mi 59 tribe present those peculiar modifications of the distal trochlez, with the strong articulation for the back toe, which relate to the scan- sorial modifications of the bird’s foot; and the Penguins associate with their broad and short metatarse a characteristic retention of much of the primitive separation of the three constituent bones. In the Dinornis elephantopus these elements have become as completely coalesced as in any other species, and the general characters of both proximal and distal ends accord with those in previously described species. On a more special comparison of the metatarse of the Dinornis elephantopus with that of its nearest congener, the Dinornis erassus, the following differences present themselves :—The ento- condyloid depression is deeper, its fore-and-aft diameter is greater, and its transverse diameter less, than in the ectocondyloid one; but the breadth of the entocondyloid depression is relatively greater, and its depth somewhat less in the Dinornis elephantopus than in the Dinornis crassus. The transverse convexity dividing the two con- dyloid depressions is relatively broader in the Dinornis elephantopus ; and the rough surface external to the anterior intercondyloid pro- minence is more strongly marked. The two calcaneal ridges present an equal prominence in Dinornis elephantopus; the ectocalcaneal one is the more prominent in Dinornis crassus. The anterior surface of the metatarse differs chiefly in the proportions indicated in the table of admeasurements from that in the Dinornis crassus; like most of the metatarses of that species, one or more vascular foramina occur above the subcircular rough surface of insertion of the flexor pedis, which occupies the lower part of the shallow depression in the upper and fore part of the shaft. Along the lower half of the shaft, the median longitudinal, and progressively widening pro- minence, due to the middle of the coalesced metatarsal bones, is rather more marked than in Dinornis crassus. The imner side of the shaft is marked at its upper half by the oblique rough tract indicative of the insertion of the powerful aponeurosis of the gastro- cnemii muscles. At the back surface the upper part of the middle metatarsal is relatively less prominent than in Dinornis crassus. The two vascular foramina occupy corresponding relative positions. All other notable differences are those of size and proportion. From the metatarse of the Dinornis robustus that of the Dinornis elephantopus differs most strikingly in its proportions of length to breadth, being little more than half the length, but of nearly equal breadth ; the distant trochleze, however, being relatively less ex- panded than in the Dinornis robustus. The anterior vascular perforation is less than in the Dinornis ro- bustus; the insertional roughness for the tibialis anticus below the foramen is of equal size. ‘The upper half of the fore part of the metatarse of the Dinornis robustus is longitudinally channeled in the Dinornis robustus, not in the Dinornis elephantopus. The corre- sponding part of the back part of the shaft is much more prominent in the Dinornis robustus. The characteristics of the metatarse of the Dinornis elephantopus are more strongly manifested in the comparison with that of the Dinornis giganteus, of which bone 60 it has only half the length, other dimensions being equal or even greater. Of the depression, which is very faint, in the Dinornis robustus for the ligamentous attachment of the rudimental back toe there is no trace in the metatarse of the D. elephantopus. The bones of the foot I shali compare with those of the Dinornis robustus,* to which they make the nearest approach in size. Equal- ling, or nearly equalling, the phalanges of that bird in breadth and thickness, they differ chiefly in shortness, but in a less degree than the metatarsi differ. These proportional characters of the species are best and easiest given in the plates. A few minor differences, how- ever, may be noticed: the outer portion of the proximal end of the first phalanx of the inner toe is broader in proportion to its fore-and- aft diameter in Dinornis elephantopus. ‘The inner portion of the proximal end of the first phalanx of the outer toe presents the like difference: the general form of that articular surface is less triangu- lar and more oval in both the specified phalanges of the Dinornis elephantopus, one, the under side, being indented as usual in the proximal phalanges of the inner and outer toes. The modifications in the other phalanges, besides those of size and proportion, are not greater or other than might be expected in dif- terent species of the same genus. The first evidence of the Dinornis crassus reached me from a tur- bany deposit at Waikawaite, in the Middle Island ; it formed part of the collection there made by Mr. Earl. I have never received any evidence of the species from the North Island. In like manner the bones of the much larger bird, which I have called Dinornis robustus, and which I was formerly inclined to regard as a variety of the Dinornis giganteus, appear to be peculiar to the Middle Island; or at least have not hitherto been found in any locality of the North Island. The richer series of illustrations of both the Dinornis robustus and Dinornis crassus in the collection of Mr. Walter Mantell are from localities in the Middle Island; and the abundant illustrations of the Dinornis elephantopus are exclusively from one locality in that island ; they were obtained at Ruamoa, three miles south of Oamaru Point, or that called the ‘ Vast Rocky Head’ in the new Admiralty map. This fact might give rise to the idea that the original range or locality of the Dinornis elephantopus had been a restricted one, unless, at the period when the species flourished, the geographical extent of the Middle Island was widely different from what it now is. Yet Mr. W. Mantell has obtained strong, if not unequivocal evidence, that the Dinornis elephantopus and Dinornis crassus existed contempora- neously with Maori natives. The bones described in the foregoing pages are in a recent and most perfect condition. They retain the usual proportion of animal matter and have undergone no mineral change. From the sum of our present information respecting the localities of the several species of Dinornithide, we may infer that most, if not all, * See Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. iv. pl. 1. 61 the species of the North Island were distinct from those of the South Island. To birds that could neither fly nor swim—at least swim well, —the channel called Cook’s Straits would prove an effectual bar to any migration from one island to another. With each successive addition of materials tor a complete history of this most remarkable family of birds, I feel, however, chiefly impressed with the con- viction of how little comparatively we still know respecting them, and how much more is likely, through the enlightened co-operation - of active, resolute, and accomplished explorers, like Mr. Walter Mantell, to be, hereafter, contributed towards a perfect history of the New Zealand wingless birds. Of the very remarkable species of Dinornis based upon the powerfully developed limbs, the bones of which are described in the foregoing pages, Mr. Mantell’s collection includes right and left femora, right and left tibie, right and left fibule, right and left metatarsi, and a considerable collection of toe-bones, from which, probably, other entire feet might be reconstructed, in addition to the one of the left foot now submitted to the Society. There are also the two femora and the two metatarsi of an immature bird, apparently, by their proportions, from one individual, to which may also belong the proximal end of a tibia, wanting the articular epi- physis. The femora, as in the other birds, retain the two articular ends, which are simply rougher than in the adult, having been covered by a thicker cartilage, but are not developed upon distinct osseous pieces, as in land mammals. The proximal epiphysis is wanting in both the immature metatarsi, exhibiting the separate ex- panded ends of the three constituent bones terminating in the three prominent trochleze below. The length of the femur of this young bird is 11 inches, that of the metatarse 7} inches. They already present the characteristic robustness of the adult bird*. 2. On a NEW TuRKEY, MELEAGRIS MEXICANA. By J. Gouxp, Esa., F.R.S., &e. In the lapse of time the origin of several of the animals which man has subjected to his dominion, and which are of the greatest service to his necessities or his pleasures, has become involved in obscurity. As instances in point we may cite among quadrupeds the Camel, the Horse, the Dog, &c., and among birds the various Gallinacee, Ana- tide and Columbide, all of which were derived from Asia. ‘The pro- ductions of the New World have not yielded such ready obedience to his sway, since no one of its quadrupeds has yet been domesticated, and only one of its birds—the Turkey ; but a like fate, if I mistake not, has attended the origin of this solitary acquisition, which, although the bird has not been known to us more than 300 years, is equally wrapped in uncertainty.. * This paper will appear in the Transactions of the Society, illustrated with figures of the bones. 62 ‘So involved in obscurity,” says Mr. Martin, “is the early history of the Turkey, and so ignorant do the writers of the six- teenth and seventeeth centuries appear to have been about it, that they have regarded it as a bird known to the ancients by the name of ‘ Meleagris,’ namely, the Guinea-fowl or Pintado, a mistake which was not cleared up until the middle of the eighteenth century. The appellation of Turkey which the bird bears in our country, arose, according to Willoughby, from a supposition that it came originally from the country so called. Mexico was first discovered by Grijalva in 1518. Oviedo speaks of the Turkey as a kind of peacock abound- ing in New Spain, which had already, in 1526, been transported in a domestic state to the islands and the Spanish Main, where it was kept by the Christian colonists. It is reported to have been intro- duced into England in 1524, and is enumerated as among the dainties of the table in 1541. In 1573 it had become the customary Christ- mas fare of the farmer.”” Every author who has written on the subject since the days of Linnzus has considered it to be derived from the well-known wild Turkey of North America, but on account of the great differences which are met with among our domestic Turkeys, and the circumstance of the wild Turkeys recently imported from North America not readily associating or pairing with them, I have for some years past entertamed a contrary opinion. This opinion may be met by some persons with the remark, that similar and even greater differences occur among our domestic poultry. True—but I believe that these differences are due to an admixture of two, three, or more species, and that in no case would the domestication of a single species produce characters so decided as those exhibited by the two birds now on the table. In Canada and the United States the Turkey is partially migra- tory, visiting those countries during the summer, for the purpose of breeding, and although some writers state that it is a native of Mexico, I can hardly think it likely that it ranges very far south in the latter country, for, from the southern boundary of Canada to Mexico is nearly 2000 miles, and it is unlikely, I think, that a bird of the cold regions of Canada should also be indigenous to the hotter country of Mexico, whence, and not from North America, the Turkey was originally introduced into Europe by the Spaniards early in the sixteenth century. Believing this bird to be distinct from the North American species, it becomes necessary that one of them should receive a new name, and a question then arises to which of the two should it be given. My opinion is, that it will be better to retain the term Gallopavo for the North American species, and to call the present one Mexicana, after the country of which it is a native. Linnzeus’ Meleagris Gallo- pavo is founded upon the Gallopavo sylvestris of Brisson’s ‘ Ornitho- logie,’ vol. i. p. 162,.and upon Ray’s New England Wild Turkey, both of which names appertain to the North American species; consequently the term Mezicana would be a fit appellation for the present bird. I may mention, that it is the only example of a Turkey I have ever seen from Mexico, and that it was brought to this country by the 63 late Mr. Floresi, a gentleman whose energy as a collector was only equalled by the honourable career of a moderately long life, during which he was connected with the Real del Monte Mines in Mexico. Mr. Floresi travelled himself, and kept collectors, who penetrated into the remotest parts of that country ; and many were the fine species he by this means communicated to the world of science. I may mention the splendid Picus imperialis, Calurus neoxenus, and many Humming Birds, as some of the species which but for his researches would have been unknown to us. In size this new Turkey exceeds that of the largest specimens of the North American species; but it has shorter legs, a considerably larger and more broadly expanded tail, conspicuously zoned with brown - and black, and terminated with white ; the tail coverts are very pro- fusely developed, largely tipped with white, and bounded posteriorly with a narrow line of black, their basal portions being rich metallic bronze. The same arrangement of colouring also prevails on the feathers of the lower part of the flanks ; and on the under tail coverts, where it is particularly fine; the centre of the back is black, with green, purplish and red reflexions ; the back of the neck, upper part of the back, and shoulders, are in some lights bronzy, in others the colour of fire ; the greater wing coverts are uniform bronzy brown, forming a conspicuous band across the wing; all the primaries are crossed by mottled bars of blackish brown and white, freckled with brown ; all the under surface is fiery copper, intensely brilliant in certain lights, and becoming darker towards the flanks. Total length 4 feet 4 inches; bill 25 inches, wing 213 inches, tail 16 inches, and when spread about 24 inches across ; tarsi 6}. In the Report of an expedition down the Zuni and Colorado Rivers by Captain L. Sitgreaves, lately published in America, the following passage occurs at p. 94, in reference to Wild Turkeys :— «‘They are also found in New Mexico, in the neighbourhood of the copper-mines. I am told by our officers that those found there are of enormous size. Mr. Leroux, our guide, informed me that the Turkeys of the Gila River were different from those found east of the Rio Grande, and that they have much white about them.” These are doubtless identical with the bird under consideration. Since the above remarks were in type, I have been informed by J. H. Gurney, Esq., M.P., that he some years since received the skin of a Wild Turkey from the neighbourhood of the Real de Monte mines in Mexico, which he considers to be the same as the bird above described; this specimen is now in the Museum at Norwich. 64 3. Synopsis Avium TANAGRINARUM. —A DESCRIPTIVE CaTa- LOGUE OF THE KNOWN SPECIES OF TANAGERS. By Pariuie Luriey Sciater, M.A. F.Z.S., &e. Part I. containing the genera Pitylus, Orchesticus, Diucopis, Sal- tator, Psittospiza, Lamprospiza, Cissopis, Oreothraupis, Arremon, Phenicophilus, Buarremon and Chlorospingus. Genus I. Piryuus. Pitylus, Cuv. Regn. An. 1829, il. p. 413. Cissurus, Reich. Av. Syst. Nat. pl. 77. Periporphyrus, Reich. 1. c. Caryothraustes, Reich. 1. ec. Rostrum mazimum, breve, altum, latum, quasi coccothraustinum; mandibule superioris marginibus fortiter sinuatis et mandibulam inferiorem tegentibus; culmine multum incurvo: ale modice, remigibus tertia, quarta et quinta longissimis : cauda plus minusve elongata, plerumque rotundata: tarsi robusti. The birds of this genus are the most finch-like of the Tanagers, and I have some doubts whether they are not as closely allied to Guiraca, Hedymeles, and other Coccothraustine forms, as to the pre- sent group. We want more information as to their habits and in- ternal structure before this point can be satisfactorily settled. a. Pitylus. 1. PriryLus GROSSUS. Coccothraustes americana cerulea, Briss. Orn. vi. App. p. 89. Grosbec bleu d’ Amérique, Buff. Pl. Enl. 154. Loxia grossa, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 307. Pitylus grussus, Gray, Gen. p. 362; Schomb. Guian. ili. 677 ; Bp. Consp. p. 503; Cab. M. H. p. 143. White-throated Grosbeak, Lath. G. H. v. 268. Cano-cerulescenti-schistaceus ; facie, gutturis lateribus et cervice antica nigris ; gula media alba. $ minus caerulescens et nigro colore carens. Long. tota 7°2, ale 3°7, caudz 3:3. Hab. Cayenne; British Guiana (Schomb.); Bogota; Pebas, Upper Amazon (Castelnau et Deville). Mus. Brit., Paris., Derbiano, &c. 2. PiryLuUS FULIGINOSUS. Lozia fuliginosa, Daud. Orn. ii. 372 (1801). Coccothraustes cerulescens, Vieill. Nov. Dict. xiii. 546 (1817), et Enc. Meth. 1016. Fringilla gnatho, Licht. Verz. d. Doubl. p. 22; Max. Beit. iii. 552. Pitylus atrochalybeus, Jard. et Selb. Ill. Orn. i. pl. 3. Tanagra psittacina, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 44, pl. 57, fig. 2. Pitylus erythrorhynchus, Sw. Class. ii. p. 282. Pitylus gnatho, Gray’s Gen. ii. p. 362; Bp. Consp. p. 503. 65 Saltator psittacinus, Bp. Consp. p. 490 ; Gray’s Gen. ii. p, 363. Pitylus cerulescens, Cab. M. H. p. 143. Sooty Grosbeak, Lath. G. H. v. p. 269. Cerulescenti-niger, gutture et pectore antico intensioribus, nigris : rostro rubro. 2 unicolor, magis fusca, neque cerulescens. Long. tota 9:0, alee 4:1, caudze 4°3. Hab. South-east Brazil, Rio di Janeiro (Spix) ; Bahia (Maz.). Mus. Brit., Paris., Derbiano. b. Periporphyrus. 3. PiryLUS ERYTHROMELAS. Loxia erythromelas, Gm. 8S. N. ii. 859. Coccothraustes erythromelas, Vieill. N. D. d’H. N. xiii. 547; Ene. Meth. 1017; Gal. des Ois.i. p. 70, pl. 59. Pitylus erythromelas, Gray, Gen. p. 362. Periporphyrus erythromelas, Bp. Consp. p. 503. Black-headed Grosbeak, Lath. G. H. v. 237, pl. 88. Ruber, capite toto cum gutture nigris : rostro plumbeo. ? brunneo- flava capite (sicut maris) nigro. Long. tota 7°6, alee 4:0, caude 3°8. Hab. Cayenne; Para (Wallace). Mus. Brit., Paris., &c. _4. PiryLus CELZNO. Fringilla celeno, Licht. Preis-Verz. d. S. u. V. no. 72 (1831). Pitylus atro-purpuratus, Lafr. R. Z. 1838, p. 224 (¢); Gray’s Gen. p. 362. Pitylus atro-olivaceus, Lafr. R. Z. 1838, p. 224 (2); Gray’s Gen. p. 362. Pyranga mexicana, Less. R. Z. 1839, p. 41; Gray’s Gen. p. 364 ; Bp. Consp. p. 241. Caryothraustes atro-olivaceus, Bp. Consp. p. 503. Periporphyrus atro-purpuratus, Bp. Consp. p. 503. Niger: torque cervicali postica cum lateribus pectoris et ventre rubris: tectricibus subalaribus roseis: rostro plumbeo. ¢ olivacea, subtus flavescentior ; pileo toto et gutture nigris. Long. tota 8°4, alee 4:0, caudze 3-5. Hab. South Mexico, Papantla (Deppe). Mus. Paris., Lugdunensi, Berolin. ec. Caryothraustes. 5. Piry.us viripis. Coccothraustes canadensis, Briss. Orn. iii. 229. : Grosbec de Cayenne, Buff. Pl. Enl. 152, fig. 2 (fig. pess.). a Lovia canadensis, Linn. S. N. i. 304; Gm. i. 856; Lath. Ind. Orn. i. 379 ; Daud. ii. 373 ; Shaw’s Zool. ix. 269. Pitylus canadensis, Gray, Gen. p. 362 ; Schomb. ti. 667. No. CCCV.—PrRocrEpInGs or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 66 Coccothraustes viridis, Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 1017. Caryothraustes viridis, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 144; Sclater, Tan. Cat. Sp. p. 3. Caryothraustes cayanensis, Bp. Consp. p. 514 (partim). Pitylus personatus, Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p.42; Deser. d. Mamm. et Ois. p. 344. Canada Grosbeak, Lath. G. H.v. p. 382. Supra flavo-olivaceus, pileo flavescentiore; subtus flavus: loris et gula tota nigris. Long. tota 5:9, alee 3°5, cauda 2°5. Hab, Cayenne (Buff.) ; British Guiana (Schomb.). Mus. Brit., Paris., &e. 6. PiTyLUS BRASILIENSIS. Fringilla viridis, Max. Beit. iii. 555. Fringilla cayanensis, Licht. Verz. p. 22 (excl. Syn.). Caryothraustes brasiliensis, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 144. Similis Pitylo viridi, sed major, rostro fortiore et nigredine gularé magis extensa. Long. tota 6°8, alee 3°7, caudze 3°0. | Hab. South Brazil, prov. Bahia (P. Maz.). Mus. Berolin., &e. 7. PITYLUS POLIOGASTER. Pitylus poliogaster, Dubus, Bull. Ac. Brux. xiv. pt. il. p. 105 (1847); Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 245; Gray’s Gen. App. p. 16. Pitylus flavocinereus, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Phil. iv. p. 47 (1848). Fringilla episcopus, Licht. in Mus. Berol. Caryothraustes episcopus, Bp. Consp. p. 504. Canada Grosbeak, var. A. Lath. G. H.v. p. 282? Olivacescenti-flavus : tectricibus alarum dorso proximis, dorso pos- tico et abdomine cinereis : loris et gula nigris. Long. tota 7°0, alee 3°7, caudze 3:0. Hab. Mexico, Cosamaluapan (Deppe); vic. of Cordova (Sallé) ; Guatimala (Dubus). Mus. Berolin., Lugdunens., Philadelph. Academ. et Bruxell. Genus II. OrcueEsticus. Orchesticus, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 143 (1851). Rostrum modicum, breve, altum, latum, tumidum ; mandibule supe- rioris marginibus non sinuatis, culmine incurvo; ale modice, remigibus secunda, tertia, quarta et quinta longissimis: cauda sub- rotundata. 1, ORCHESTICUS ABEILLII. Pyrrhula abeillei, Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 40. Tanagra occipitalis, Natt. in Mus. Berol. Orchesticus occipitalis, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 145. — 67 Diucopis leucophea, Bp. Consp. p. 491 (excel. syn.). Schistochlamys abeillei, Sclater, Tan. Cat. Sp. p. 4. Tangara roux, Less. Tr. d’Orng p. 464. Olivascenti-cinereus, pileo plumbescente, fronte, alis caudaque rufis : subtus dilutior, ochracescenti-rufus; lateribus obscurioribus : rostro plumbeo. Long. tota 7°4, alee 3°4, caudze 3:5. Had. South Brazil, Bahia (J. Verreauz). Mus. Paris., Brit., Berol., &c. This curious bird has long been common in European collections, being often transmitted from Bahia. From its appearance one would suppose it to be a female, but M. Jules Verreaux (who has himself shot it in the island of Itaparica) informs me that the natives con- sider it a distinct species. Lesson’s description of his Pyrrhula abeillet “ corpore isabellino : occipite, dorso et cauda supra brunneo-isabellinis : infra fronte et collo lete isabellinis: alarum pennis nigris extus rufis,” is, I think, suffi- ciently accurate to warrant us using his specific name for this bird. 2. ORCHESTICUS CAPISTRATUS. Saltator ruficapillus, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xiv. 108; Ene. Méth. p- 793; Puch. Arch. Mus. Paris. vii. 355? Tanagra capistrata, P. Max. Reise n. Bras. ii. 500 (1821), et Beitr. iti. 500 ; Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 41, pl. 54, fig. 1. Pitylus capistratus, Sw. Class ii. p. 282. Tachyphonus ? capistratus, Gray’s Gen. p. 365. Diucopis capistrata, Bp. Consp. p. 491. Schistochlamys capistrata, Sclater, Tan. Cat. Sp. p. 4. Tanagra leucophea, Licht. Verz. d. Doubl. p. 32, 1823. Schistochlamys leucophea, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 141. “‘ Tanagra conspicillata, Mus. Paris.”’ Bp. Consp. p. 491. Schistaceus, pileo brunnescentiore: rostri cerulescentis ambitu nigro : subtus pallide ochraceo-rufus, ventre medio albescente, lateribus schistaceis. Long. tota 67, alz 3°3, caude 3°0. Hab. South-east Brazil, prov. Bahia, et Minas Geraes (P. Maz.); Rio (Spiz). Mus. Brit., Paris., &c. 3. ORCHESTICUS ATER. Tangara 2 cravatte noire de Cayenne, Buff. Pl. Enl. 714, fig. 2. Tanagra atra, Gm. 8. N. 898. Saltator ater, Lafr. et d’Orb. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, p- 36; Cab. in Schomb. Reis. iii. 677. Nemosia atra, Bp. Consp. p. 236. Diucopis atra, Bp. Consp. p. 492. Schistochlamys atra, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 141; Sclater, Tan. Cat. Sp. p. 4, et P. Z. 8. 1855, p. 154. Tanagra melanopis, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 422 ; Max. Beitr. iii. 504. 68 Saltator melanopis, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xiv. p. 103, et Enc. Meth. p- 790; dOrb. Voy. p. 291; Tsch. F. P. p. 210. Le Camail, Desm. Tan. pl. 42. « Black-faced Tanager, Lath. G. H. vi. p. 12. Cinereo-griseus, subtus dilutior : pileo antico et capitis lateribus cum gutture toto juguloque nigris. Junior ex cinereo olivascens unicolor, nigredine vix perspicua, Long. tota 6°2, alee 3°3, caude 2°9. Hab. British Guiana (Schomb.); Cayenne; Trinidad; New Grenada, Bogota; North-east Peru, wood-region (Tsch.) ; Bolivia, Moxos and Chiquitos (d’Orb.) ; Goyaz and Albuquerque, Rio Para- guay (Cast. et Dev.); South Brazil, prov. Rio and Espiritu S- (P. Maz.). Mus. Brit., Paris., &c. Genus III. Drucopts. Diucopis, Bp. Consp. p. 491 (1850). Schistochlamys, Reich. Av. Syst. Nat. pl. 77 (1850). Rostrum subexiguum, rectum, conicum ; ale brevissime, remige prime secundam subequante, hac cum tertia, quarta et quinta equalibus et longissimis: cauda modica, subquadrata. 1. Drucopis FASCIATA. Tanagra fasciata, Licht. Verz. d. Doubl. p. 32; Max. Beit. ii. 493; Bp. Consp. p. 238. Tanagra axillaris, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. 41, pl. 54, fig. 2. Tachyphonus avillaris, Gray, Gen. p. 365. Diucopis fasciata, Bp. Consp. p. 491. Schistochlamys fasciata, Sclater, Tan. Cat. Sp. p. 3. Schistacea, subtus albescentior : loris, regione oculari et tectricibus alarum nigris: gutture et ventre toto cum fascia alari albis. Long. tota 6°9, alee 2°9, caudze 2°6. Hab. South-east Brazil, prov. San Paolo (Licht.); Minas and Bahia (P. Maz.). Mus. Brit., Paris., Derbiano. This bird differs from the members of the genus Orchesticus, with which it has been lately associated, in the smaller straighter bill, very short wings, and more squared tail. 2. Divucoris SPECULIGERA. Schistochlamys speculigera, Gould, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 68, et Ann. N. H. xv. p. 345. ‘ Nigra: speculo alarum, tectricibus subalaribus et macula sub nuche pennis obtecta cum corpore subtus albis : lateribus et dorso postico schistaceis. Long. tota 6-7, ale 3:1, caudee 2°8. Hab. East Peru, river Ucayali (Hawawell). Mus. Brit. - hiatal ~ 69 Mr. Gould’s types are the only specimens I have seen of this peculiar bird. They were collected by Mr. Hawxwell in August 1852 upon the Ucayali, and are marked “‘ Jrides red.” I rather doubt this being the true place of this species, but at present I am unable to indicate a better one. Genus IV. SALTATOR. Saltator, Vieillot, Analyse, p. 32 (1816). Rostrum forte, elongatum, incurvum, vic sinuatum sed apice den- tata: ale rotundate, remigibus tertia, quarta et quinta fere equa- libus et longissimis : cauda admodum longa et plerumque rotun- data: ptilosis olivacea, schistacea, fulva, brunnea : serus similes. 1. SALTATOR ATRICEPS. Saltator atriceps, Less. Cent. Zool. pl. 69; Gray, Gen. p. 363 ; Bp. Consp. p. 489; Cab. M. H. p. 142. Arremon giganteus, Bp. P. L. Z. 1837, p. 117; Gray, Gen. p. 361. Pyrrhula raptor, Cabot, Boston Journ. v. p. 90. Saltator raptor, Gray’s Gen. App. p. 16; Bp. Notes s. 1. coll. Delattre, p. 23. Flavo-olivaceus : capite toto cum mento et vitta cervicem anticam cingente nigris : superciliis a fronte curtis et plaga gulari media albis : abdomine cinereo, crisso ochraceo-rufo. . Long. tota 9°5, alee 4°7, caudze 4-7. Hab. South Mexico, Papantla (Deppe) ; vic. of Cordova (Saillé) ; Guatimala (Bp.) ; Escuintla (Mus. Brit.) ; Yucatan (Cabot). Mus. Brit., Parisiensi, &c. This is the largest and finest species of the genus. Prince Bona- parte (Notes Orn. s. 1. coll. Delattre, p. 25) seems to consider Dr. Cabot’s Pyrrhula raptor distinct, but Mr. Cassin, in his commu- nication on Dr. Cabot’s birds given in ‘ Jardine’s Contributions,’ 1852, p. 96, states it to be identical with the present bird, and the description given by Prince Bonaparte is applicable in every respect to this species. 2. SALTATOR MAGNOIDES. Saltator magnoides, Lafr. R. Z. 1844, p. 41; Gray, Gen. App. p- 10; Bp. Consp. p. 489. Saltator gigantodes, Cab. M. H. p. 143. Supra olivaceus ; capite cinereo, pileo viridi mixto: subtus schis- taceus, mento albo, gutture et crisso ferrugineis : vitta lata gut- turem undique cingente nigra. Long. tota 7°5, ale 4:0, caudze 3°6. Hab. Mexico (Lafr.); vic. of Cordova (Sallé); Coban (Mus. Brit.) ; Chiriqui (Bridges). Mus. Brit. et Heimeano. The S. magnoides is very like the preceding species but much smaller in size, and with but slight supercilia. Besides, the chin is 70 white and the throat brown like the crissum. I have seen the type of S. gigantodes in Herr Heine’s museum, and consider it the same as magnoides. 3. SALTATOR MAGNUS. Tangara des grands bois de Cayenne, Buff. Pl. Enl. 205 (fig. pess.). Tanagra magna, Gm. 8. N. p. 890; Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 422; Max. Beitr. ii. 525. Le griverd de Cayenne, Buffl. Pl. Enl. 616 (fig. pess.)? Coracias cayana, Bodd. Table d. Pl. Enl. Coracias cayennensis, Gm. 8. N. p.381. Saltator virescens, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xiv. 104, et Enc. Méth. p- 790? , Saltator olivascens, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xiv. 108; Ene. Méth. p- 794, et Gal. des Ois. p. 103, pl. 77; Tsch. F. P. p. 209. Saltator cayennensis, d Orb. Voy. p. 290. Saltator magnus, Gray’s Gen. p. 363; Bp. Consp. p. 489; Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 142. Supra flavescenti-olivaceo-viridis, capitis lateribus cinereis, super- ciliis ante oculos curtis albis : subtus fulvescenti-cinereus: gula media alba, utrinque nigro-marginata, cervice antica crissoque pallide rufis: rostro nigro. Long. tota 8:0, ale 4°0, caudze 3°7. Hab. Cayenne (Poiteau in Mus. Paris.) ; British Guiana (Schomb.); Bogota (Mus. Brit.); East Peru, wood-region (Tsch.); Pintobamba (Cast. et Dev.); Bolivia, Yuracares (d’Orb.); Brazil, Rio (P. Maz.). Mus. Brit., Paris., &c. This Saltator seems very widely distributed over the South Ame- rican continent, and is in that respect different from the rest of its congeners. It may be at once distinguished by its uniform bright olive-green upper plumage (not of so yellowish a tint as in Saltator atriceps), and the brownish blotch on the foreneck : from S. mag- noides it differs in the want of the black throat-band. The Brazilian skins are of rather larger dimensions than the Cayenne birds, but do not otherwise differ. 4. SALTATOR ICTEROPYGIUS. Saltator icteropyga, Dubus, Esq. Orn. pl. 13; Gray, Gen. App. p- 16. Supra saturate cinerascenti-fuscus : superciliis, mento et gutture albis : pectore et epigastrio fulvescenti-cinereis: ventre dilute fulvo: hypochondriis cinereo-fulvis: crisso citrino: remigibus Fuscis, extus cinereo limbatis: rectricibus supra nigris viridi-eneo submicantibus cinereoque extus limbatis : lateralibus quatuor utrin- gue macula magna alba in medio pogonii interni notatis : rostro corneo : pedibus fuscescentibus, Hab. Mexico. The Vicomte Dubus has given the above description of this curious Saltator, of which there is a specimen in his collection. Prince 71 Bonaparte, in his ‘Conspectus,’ states, on the authority of Baron de Lafresnaye, that it is merely the common S. magnus supplied with the tail of a Péilogonys. But Dr. Hartlaub, who has lately inspected the bird, is quite convinced of its being a good and distinct species. (See Journ. f. Orn. 1854, p. 255.) 5. SALTATOR SIMILIS. Tanagra superciliaris, Max. Beitr. iii. 518 ? Saltator similis, Lafr. et d@ Orb. Syn. Av. i. p. 36; d’Orb. Voy. p- 290, pl. 28, fig. 2; Gray, Gen. p.363; Tsch. F. P. p.209? ; Bp. Consp. p. 489; Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 143. Saltator gutturalis, Licht. in Mus. Berol. Supra cinereus; interscapulio et alarum marginibus olivaceo-vi- ridibus : superciliis longis albis: subtus albido-cinerascens, me- dialiter fulvo tinctus: gutture toto pure albo, utringue nigro marginato : crisso rufescente: rostri inferioris basi alba. Long. tota 9°0, alee 4°0, caudz 4:0. Hab. South Brazil, Corrientes (d’Orb.) ; Peru, wood-region and coast (Tsch.). Mus. Paris., Brit. This bird is common among the collections of Brazilian skins so frequently imported of late years. Comparing it with S. magnus, we find the olive colour, which there pervades the entire upper surface, confined in the present species to the middle of the back and edgings of the wings, the rest of the upper plumage being cinereous. The throat too is pure white, and wants the rufous blotch on the fore-neck. 6. SALTATOR OLIVASCENS. Saltator olivascens, Cab. in Schomb. Reise, iii. 676; Bp. Consp. p- 490; Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 142. Saltator plumbeus, Bp. Notes Orn. p. 23. Fusco-cinereus unicolor ; superciliis ante oculos curtis et gutture albis, hoc utrinque nigro marginato: subtus albo-cinereus, pectore cinerascentiore ; ventre medio albescentiore, inferiore cum crisso pallide rufescenti-ochraceis: rostro nigro. Long. tota 8-0, alee.3°75, caudze 3-3. Hab. British Guiana (Schomb.) ; Cayenne (Mus. Paris.); Vene- zuela, Cumana (Mus. Eytoni); S. Martha (Bp.); Trinidad (Lord Harris). Mus. Bremensi; Eytoni; Berolin.; Heineano. Z There is no trace of green colour on the plumage of this Saltator, the upper surface being uniform blackish-cinereous, as in Saltator grandis, to which it is very closely allied. But the latter bird may be distinguished by the blacker sides of the head and ear-coverts, and the greater breadth of the stripes on each side of the throat, which leave only a narrow longitudinal white band in the middle of it. And in the Central American bird the ochraceous colour of the crissum extends all over the abdomen more or less, while in the present species the middle of the belly is nearly white. 72 I have Prince Bonaparte’s type of S. plumbeus in my possession, and consider it clearly the same as Dr. Cabanis’ species. 7. SALTATOR GRANDIS. Tanagra grandis, Licht. Preis-Verz. no. 67 (1831). Saltator rufiventris, Vig. Beechey’s Voy. Pac. p. 19? Saltator vigorsi, Gray, Gen. p. 363?; Bp. Consp. p. 489; Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 143; Bp. Notes Orn. p. 23. Saltator icterophrys, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1844, p. 40; Gray’s Gen. App. p. 16; Bp. Consp. p. 490 (juv. ?)?? Saltator grandis, Licht. in Mus. Berol. Saltator nigrigenis, Sclater, MS. Supra nigrescenti-cinereus, lateribus capitis nigris: superciliis albis : gutturis stria mediali alba, utrinque late nigro marginata : abdomine cinereo fulvo tincto : ventre imo et crisso rufescentibus. Junior (S. 1cTeRoPpHRyS, Lafr.?). Supra olivaceo indutus, superciliis et campterio flavidis : ventre rufescentiore. Long. tota 7°75, alee 4:0, caudze 4-0. Hab. South Mexico, Jalapa (Mus. Berol.); Orizaba (Boteri) ; vic. of Cordova (Sallé); Guatimala (Constancia). I have already stated the characters which distinguish this species from the preceding, which is its representative in the more northern portions of the South American continent, while S. azare seems to take its place in Bolivia. I am glad to be able to adopt Lichtenstein’s name for the present bird, because I can only very doubtfully refer the other synonyms to this species, and in this state of uncertainty have occasionally applied to it the MS. name nigrigenis. But since I have seen the types of S. grandis at Berlin, and have ascertained that they are really the same as my nigrigenis, I have adopted Lichtenstein’s name, which was published, although with rather insufficient specific characters, in 1831. 8. SALTATOR MUTUS. Tanagra superciliaris, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. 44, pl. 57? Saltator superciliaris, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 142, certe. Saltator cerulescens, Tsch. F. P. p. 209? (teste Cab.). Tanagra muta, Licht. in Mus. Berol. Supra nigricanti-cinereus unicolor; subtus albescenti-cinereus : superciliis ante oculos curtis et gutture medio albis, hoc nigro marginato: ventre medio albescentiore, crisso pallide rufescente : rostro nigro. Long. tota 8-5, alee 4°3, caude 4:0. Hab. North Brazil, Lower Amazon, island of Mexiana (Wallace). Mus. Berol. The description and figure given by Spix of his S. superciliaris are as applicable to this species as any other; but without examining the type (which I vainly sought for the last time I was at Munich), it is impossible to be sure of being right in using his name for the present 73 bird, and I have therefore adopted for it Lichtenstein’s term mutus, by which it is known in the Berlin museum. In fact, the names superciliaris and cerulescens have been applied to so many of this group of species, and the original descriptions upon which these terms rest are so indefinite, that it only produces further confusion to continue to employ them. The Saltator mutus is rare in collections. Besides the example at Berlin I have only seen the specimens collected by Mr. Wallace in the neighbourhood of Para, from one of which my characters are taken. It is distinguished from all its allies by the uniform blackish- gray colouring of the plumage, the same below as above, only much lighter and more white, without any tinge of green, brown or rufous, except on the crissum. The supercilia only extend to the top of the eye. The bill is deep black and more elongated than in its congeners. 9. SALTATOR AZARZ. Saltator azare, d’ Orb. Voy. p. 287: Bp. Consp. p. 490. Supra nigricanti-cinereus, dorso virescente tincto: alis nigricantibus cinereo limbatis: superciliis curtis et gutture medio albis, hoc anguste nigro marginato: abdomine summo albescente, cinereo et ochraceo tincto, imo autem cinnamomescenti-ochraceo. Long. tota 9-0, alz 4-3, caudz 4:3. Hab, Bolivia, prov. Moxos and 8. Cruz de la Sierra (d’Ord.). Mus. Brit., Paris. The closest allies of this bird are certainly S. grandis and oli- vascens, particularly the latter ; but it is larger than either of them. From 5S. olivascens it may be also known by its cinereous back, having rather a greenish than a brownish tinge, and a deeper cin- namomeous colouring extending from the vent up to the middle of the belly, which in the S. olivascens is nearly white. From S. grandis it differs in its shorter bill and narrow throat-stripes, be- sides its superior size. 10. SALTATOR CHRULESCENS. Habia ceja blanca, Azara, Pax. i. p. 344. Saltator cerulescens, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xiv. 105, et Enc. Méth. p- 791; Hartl. Ind. Az. p. 6; d’Orb. Voy. p. 287. “ Saltator superciliaris, Spix,’”’ d’Orb. ib. Fusco-brunneus, virescente paululum tinctus, alis extus olivaceo marginatis : subtus cinerascenti-albus: gutture medio albo, utrin- que nigro marginato: ventre et crisso rufescente indutis, crisso saturatiore : superciliis a fronte ad nucham albis. Hab. Paraguay (Azara); Corrientes in rep. Arg. (d’Orb.). Mus. Parisiensi. I have only seen one specimen of this species, which is in the Paris Museum, and was brought by d’Orbigny from Corrientes. It is certainly very closely allied to the Bolivian ‘azare.’ But the bill is shorter and thicker, and there is a greenish colouring on the back 74 and wings, of which there are no traces in the other bird, though I have some doubt whether this may not be due to the individual not being fully adult. 11. SALTATOR GULARIS. Lozia gularis, Less. Tr. d’Orn. i. p. 448. “© Saltator cerulescens, Vieill.,”’ Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 142. Saltator superciliaris, Licht. in Mus. Berol. Saltator gularis, Lafr. in Mus. suo. Supra nigrescenti-plumbeus, superciliis longis a fronte ad imam cervicem albis: subtus fulvescens, gutture utrinque nigro mar- ginato ; pectore et cervicis lateribus cinerascentibus : ventre medio albescentiore: rostro brevissimo, crassissimo, nigro, apice uncinata: mandibula superiore juxta nares aurantia. Long. tota 8°5, ale 4:0, caudze 4:0. Hab. Monte Video (Cad.). 12. SALTATOR MAXILLOSUS. Saltator mazillosus, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 142 (note). Similis S. gulari, sed rostro adhuc majore, subtus minus ferrugineus, et alis olivaceo perfusis: a S. muto autem gula non alba sed sordide flavescenti-grisea et crisso clarius ferrugineo, necnon rostro forti dignoscendus. (Cab. 1. c.) Hab. Monte Video (Cad.). Mus. Berol. I examined the type of this species when at Berlin, and was rather doubtful about its real distinctness from the preceding. I possess a specimen very much resembling it, as far as I can recollect and can gather from Cabanis’ description. The bill of this example is not thicker than in one specimen of S. gularis, but is uniform black, and the back and wings are olive-green as in that in the Berlin Museum. But I think it is probable that this may be an immature stage of S. gularis. 13. SALTATOR RUFIVENTRIS. Saltator rufiventris, Lafr. et d@Orb. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, p.35; d’Orb. Voy. p.289, pl. 28, fig. 1; Gray’s Gen. p. 363; Bp. Consp. p. 489. Saturate plumbeus : superciliis elongatis albis: abdomine castaneo. Long. tota 9-0, alee 4-4, caudze 4:0. Hab. Bolivia (d’Orb. et Bridges). Mus. Brit. et Paris. M. d’Orbigny found this species very common in the environs of Enquisivi, in the province of Sicasica, and near Palea, in the province of Ayupaya in Bolivia. Mr. Bridges’ specimens in the British Museum are also from Bolivia. It is a well-marked bird, and not likely to be confounded with any of its congeners. 14. SALTATOR AURANTIIROSTRIS. ' Habia pico naranjado, Azara, Pax. i. p. 349. 75 Saltator aurantiorostris, Vieill. N. D. d’H. N. xiv. p. 103, et Enc. Méth. p. 789; d’Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, p- 35; d’Orb. Voy. p. 288; Gray, Gen. p. 363; Bp. Consp. p. 490. Supra cinereus, pileo obscuriore: capitis lateribus, vitta subguttu- rali conjunctis, nigris: superciliis postice dilatatis et gutture albis : abdomine ochracescenti-albido: cauda nigra, rectricibus lateralibus albo terminatis : rostro aurantio. Long. tota 8°5, ale 4:0, caude 3°75. Hab. Paraguay (Azara) ; Corrientes, La Plata (d’Orb.); Bolivia, Sicasica, Mizque, Valle-grande, Ayupaya, Cochabamba and La Paz (d@’Orb.); Peru, Echarate (Cast. et Dev.). Mus. Brit., Paris. &c. This species, which may be always recognized by its bright orange bill, seems rather variable in some respects. There is a fine series of specimens of it in the Paris Museum, collected by d’Orbigny and ‘Castelnau and Deville. In what seem to be the fully adults, the front sides of the head, throat and breast, are all deep black, a post-superciliary stripe and middle of the throat only being white. Others, which I suppose are immature, have the white space on the throat much larger, the black guttural band being confined to a amere ring, which in some specimens is hardly apparent. 15. SALTATOR ALBICOLLIS. Saltator albicollis, Vieill. N.D. @H.N. xiv. 107, et Enc. Méth. p.793; Gray, Gen. p. 363; Bp. Consp. p. 489. Fusco-olivaceus ; subtus albo-subvirescens fusco maculatus: super- cilits gulaque albidis. (Bp.) I have examined the type-specimen at Paris upon which Vieillot ‘founded this species, and from which Prince Bonaparte took the short characters above given. It seems to be an immature bird, and T think the locality, Cayenne, is most likely wrong. I suspect it was probably from Trinidad, in which island there is a Saltator belonging ‘to this section with the flammulated under-plumage. Of this I possess an example which may be described as follows :— “* Above greenish-olive ; head darker, uropygium more cinereous; small yellowish supercilia before the eye ; wings bordered with bright olive-green ; tail brown like the wing-feathers inside, rectrices edged basally with cinereous ; under-surface white, regularly flammulated with olive-green, middle of the throat and belly nearly all white, just the shafts of the feathers only being olive; under wing-coverts Nice bill black, with the apex yellow. Whole length 7-5; wing 3°5, tail 3-3.” There is a peculiar twist in the commissure in this bird which seems to agree with what Vieillot says of his S. albicollis; and I think it very probable that it is this Trinidad species that ought to bear that name. But until an accurate comparison can be made between a series of individuals of each of the five members of this section of the genus, I think it almost hopeless to determine the species satisfactorily. 76 16. SALTATOR STRIATIPECTUS. Saltator striatipectus, Lafr. R. Z. 1847, p. 73; Gray, Gen. App. p- 16; Bp. Consp. p. 489. Supra olivaceus: uropygio caudaque cinereis: linea a naribus ad oculos, palpebrisque pallide sulphureis: subtus albus, pectore parum ochraceo tincto et striis fusco-olivaceis flammulato: gula, ventre et ano albis : gutturis albedine lateraliter vitta fusca mar- ginata: rostro nigro-corneo, apice pallescente. Long. tota 7:4. Hab. Caly in New Grenada (Lafr.). Mus. Lafresnayano. 17. SALTATOR MACULIPECTUS. Saltator maculipectus, Lafr. R. Z. 1847, p. 73; Gray, Gen. App. p- 16; Bp. Consp. p. 489. Supra fusco-griseus, dorso supremo parum olivaceo tincto : remigibus fuscis olivaceo marginatis: macula ante oculos, palpebrisque vir conspicue albescentibus: subtus albus; collo antico pectoreque maculis sordide griseis, que supra ventrem et hypochondria in strias angustas mutantur, variegatis. Long. tota 6°8. Hab. New Grenada (Lafr.). Mus. Lafresnayano. M. de Lafresnaye says of this species, that it differs from the pre- ceding by its smaller size, grey and not olive tinge on the head and neck, belly white and not washed with olive, and beak shorter and yellow at the point. 18. SALTATOR GUADALUPENSIS. Saltator guadalupensis, Lafr. R. Z. 1844, p. 167; Gray, Gen. App. p- 16; Bp. Consp. p. 489. Supra olivaceus ; uropygio caudaque sordide griseis ; vitta super- ciliari angusta a naribus ad occiput ducta albido-virescente: subtus griseo-rufescens ; hypochondriis griseo-obscurioribus ; ano pallide rufescente ; pectore et ventre flammulis obscurioribus parum con- spicuis variegatis: gutture colloque antico albis, utrinque vitta nigra marginatis : rostro basali et medio brunneo-nigris, apicali albido-flavo. Long. tota 7°9. Hab. Island of Guadaloupe (Ricord). Mus. Parisiensi. * 19, SALTATOR MARTINICENSIS. Saltator martinicensis, Bp. Consp. p. 489. Similis 8. guadalupensi, sed rostro minus robusto (!). (Bp.) Hab. Island of Martinique. Mus. Parisiensi. There are six specimens of this Sa/tator from the island of Mar- ; : 77 tinique in the museum of the Jardin des Plantes, presented by M. Alexander Rousseau in April 1842. I cannot see any specific difference between them and the Guadaloupe bird. 20. SALTATOR ORENOCENSIS. Saltator orenocensis, Lafr. R. Z. 1846, p. 275; Gray, Gen. App. p. 16; Bp. Consp. p. 490; Cab. M. H. p. 143. Saltator genalis, Licht. in Mus. Berol. Supra griseo-plumbeus ; alis caudaque nigris, remigibus primariis strictissime secondariis et tertiariis late cinereo terminatis : tec- tricibus omnibus ejusdem coloris : rectricibus supra basi et extus griseo quasi vittatis, infra grisescentibus : vitta lata superciliari, gutture, collo antico, maculaque parva ad mandibule basin niveis: genis cum capitis, colli et pectoris lateribus atris : subtus pallide ochraceus, hypochondriis et subcaudalibus ferrugineis : rostro nigro aut nigro-plumbeo: pedibus fuscis. Long. tota 6°8. Hab. Venezuela, Angostura (Mus. Bremensi) ; Trinidad (Mus. H. E.S.). e Mus. Berolinensi, Heineano. 21. SALTATOR ATRICOLLIS. Habia gola negra, Azara, Pax. i. p. 348. Saltator atricollis, Vieill. N. D. dH. N. xiv. 104, et Enc. Méth. p- 790; Less. Deser. d. Mamm. et Ois. p. 344; d’Orb. Voy. p. 288; Gray’s Gen. ii. p. 363; Bp. Consp. p. 490. Tanagra atricollis, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 43, pl. 56, fig. 2. Habia robustona, Azara, Pax. i. p. 350. Saltator validus, Vieill. N. D. dH. N. xiv. 106; Lafr. et d’Orb. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, p. 35. Tanagra jugularis, Licht. Doubl. p. 31. Fringilla jugularis, Max. Beitr. p. 558. “ Lovia capsicum, Val.,”” Less. Tr. d’Orn. i. 448. Saltator sordidus, Less. Echo d. M. 8. 1845, p. 295. Fusco-rufescens : alis caudaque et pilei pennis subtus nigricantibus: capite laterali et gutture toto nigris: abdomine albo-rufescente, ventre saturatiore: rostro aurantio, culmine nigro. Long. tota 8-0, alze 3°75, caudee 3°75. Hab. Eastern Brazil, prov. Minas Geraes (Spiz); San Paolo (Licht.) ; Rio; Bolivia, Chiquitos (d’ Orb.) ; Paraguay (Azara). Mus. Brit., Berol., Paris. &c. Genus V. PsirTospiza. Psittospiza, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxi. p. 424 (1850). Chlorornis, Reichb. Ay. 8. N. pl. 77 (1850). Rostrum rectiusculum, elongatum, culmine incurvo, gonyde ascen- dente, dente finali distinctissimo: ale elongate, remigibus secunda, tertia et quarta longissimis: cauda quadrata: ptilosis nitide viridis. 78 1. Psirrosp1zA RIEFFERI. Tanagra riefferi, Boiss. R. Z. 1840, p. 4. Saltator riefferi, Gray, Gen. p. 363, pl. 89 ; Tsch. F. P. p. 210. Tanagra prasina, Less. Echo d. M.S. 1843, p. 947. Psittospiza prasina, Bp. Consp. p. 492. Chlorornis prasina, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 141. Saltator elegans, Tsch. Wiegm. Archiv, 1844, p. 288. Letissime viridis, lateribus capitis et gula summa cum ventre imo castaneis : rostro aurantio: pedibus flavis. Long. tota 7°2, alee 4°5, caudze 3°5. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota; Ecuador, forests of the Andes near Quito (Jameson) ; wood-region of East Peru (Tsch.). Mus. Brit., Paris, &c. Genus VI. LAMPROSPIZA. Lamprospiza, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, p. 246. Rostrum Saltatoris, sed debilius: ale elongate, remigibus quatuor primis fere equalibus : cauda modica, quadrata. 1. LAMPROSPIZA MELANOLEUCA. Saltator melanoleucus, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xiv. 105, et Enc. Méth. aval. i Divaricated Tanager, Lath. G. H. vi. p. 40. Tanagra duplicata, Lath. in Mus. Derb. Psaris habia, Less. Cent. Zool. p. 186, pl.59. Tityra habia, Gray, Gen. p. 253. Lamprospiza habia, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, p. 246 ; Bp. Consp. 492 Tangara double croissant, Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 379. Lamprospiza melanoleuca, Sclater, Tan. Cat. Sp. p. 4. Supra eneo-niger ; subtus albus ; gutture toto et vitta utrinque a medio pectore ad latera transeunte cum tibiis et cauda tota nigris, dorso concoloribus: rostro rubro. dorso toto pallide cinereo. Long. tota 6°0, alze 3-6, caudee 2°5. Hab. Cayenne. Mus. Brit., Paris., Derbiano. Genus VII. Cissorts. Cissopis, Vieill. Analyse, p. 40 (1816). Bethylus, Cuv. Regn. An. (1817). Rostrum altum, compressiusculum ; culmine mulium incurvo ; dente finali indistincto: ale modice, remigibus tertia, quarta et quinta longissimis: cauda longissima et multum rotundata, rectricibus gradatim crescentibus : ptilosis albo-nigra: seus similes. 1. CissOPIS LEVERIANA. Magpie Shrike, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. 192. 79 Lanius leverianus, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 302. Lanius picatus, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 73. Corvus leverianus, Shaw, Mus. Lever. p. 241. Le pie piegrieche, Le Vail. Ois. d’ Afr. ii. p. 33. pl. 60. Corvus collurio, Daud. Orn. ii. p. 246. Cissopis leverianus, Gray, Gen. p. 362. Bethylus leverianus, Bp. Consp. p. 491. Albus, capite toto undique cum collo ad medium dorsum triangu- lariter descendente et pectore simili modo triangulariter termi- nante splendenti-violaceo-nigris : alis caudaque nigris :.tectricibus alarum minoribus albis, majoribus autem et secondariis albo extus limbatis ; rectricibus omnibus albo terminatis: rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 10°5, alee 4°3, caude 6:0. Hab. South East Brazil. Mus. Brit., Paris., &c. 2. CissoPiIs MEDIA. Cissopis bicolor, Vieill. N. D. d’H. N. xxvi. 417, et Enc. Méth. p- 750 (partim) ; Vieill. Gal. Ois. p. 226. pl. 140 ? Cissopis minor, Cab. Schomb. Reis. iii. 677. Bethylus medius, Bp. Consp. p. 491. Cissopis media, Sclater, Tan. Cat. Sp. p. 5. Medius : dorso dimidiato albo: rostro crasso incurvo. (Bp.) Hab. British Guiana (Schomb.). Mus. Paris. The Guiana Cissopis is rather smaller than the common Brazilian species, and. the steel-black colour does not extend so far down the back. The Paris Museum specimen of this bird seems to want the white wing-spots. I am not confident as to the correctness of sepa- rating this and the Brazilian bird. 3. CIssOPIS MINOR. Saltator bicolor, Lafr. et d’Orb. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, p- 36? Bethylus picatus, d’Orb. Voy. p. 269?; Tsch. Wiegm, Archiv, 1844, p. 288. Cissopis minor, Tsch. Faun. Per., p. 211. Minor : dorso omnino albo: rostro minus valido, brevi, rectius- culo. Long. tota 9°5, alee 4°2, caudee 5:2. Hab. Bolivia, Yuracares (d’Orb.) ; Eastern wood-region of Peru (Tsch.) ; New Grenada, Bogota. Mus. Brit., Paris. The Bogota Cissopis seems distinct from the Brazilian, having merely the upper neck steel-black, and the back all white. I am not quite certain whether d’Orbigny’s Bolivian examples are best referable here. They seem to come pretty near the Cayenne bird. 80 Genus VIII. OrroTHRAUPIS. Rostrum validum, tomiis mandibule superioris medio turgidis et mandibulam inferiorem tegentibus, sicut in genere Lanione, sed brevius, altius, lutius et medio minus uncinatum: ale breves, ro- tundate : cauda sicut in genere Arremone. 1]. OREOTHRAUPIS ARREMONOPS. Saltator arremonops, Jard. Edinb. N. Phil. Journ. 1855, ii. p. 119; Selater, P. Z.S. 1855, p. 84. pl. xcii. Rufo-brunneus, olivaceo parum tinctus; pectore multo clariore et rubescentiore : capite toto mentoque nigris ; vitta mediali verticis et superciliari utringue postice elongatis cum medio ventre cine- reis : alis intus et cauda nigricantibus : rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 7°25, alee 3-2, caudze 3°5. Hab. Andes in the vicinity of Quito (Jumeson). Mus. Gul. Jardine, Baronetti. This peculiar Tanager in style of plumage and general habit cor- responds most closely with the members of the genus Arremon, but the bill is altogether abnormal, the upper mandible swelling in the middle and overlapping the under, as in the genus Lanio, though not developed into a decided hook: but it is much shorter, broader and deeper than in the last-named genus, and has more general re- semblance to that of some of the Saltatores. Genus [X. ArREMON. Arremon, Vieill. Analyse (1816), p. 32. Rostrum rectum, altum, breve, conicum, apice vix dentata: ale breves, remigibus quarta, quinta et sexta longissimis: cauda breviuscula, rotundata. 1. ARREMON SILENS. Le Tangara de la Guyane, Buff. Pl. Enl. 742. Tanagra silens, Bodd. Table de Pl. Enl. ; Lath. Ind. Orn. p. 432; Max. Beit. ii. 507. Arremon torquatus, Enc. Méth. p. 794, et Vieill. Gal. Ois. p. 105. 1. 78. 4 Arremon silens, Gray, Gen. p. 361; Bp. Consp. p. 487. L’ oiseau silentieux, Desm. Tan. t. 38, 39, 40. Silent Tanager, Lath. G. H. vi. p. 22. Olivaceus: capite et vitta pectorali nigris : tenia verticali cinerea : superciliis a fronte ad nucham, cum gutture albis: abdomine albido, lateribus cinerascentibus : campterio flavo: rostro nigro. -9 Supra mari similis: subtus fulvo tincta nec cinerascens: torque gutturali vix apparente. Long. tota 5:0, alee 2°8, caudze 2:4. Hab. Cayenne ; North Brazil, Capin river (Wallace) ; South East Brazil (P. Maz.). Mus. Brit., Paris., &e. Se = er 81 The Brazilian specimens of this bird are slightly larger in size than those from Cayenne, and of rather a more yellowish green on the back. This species may he distinguished from all its nearest allies by its black bill. 2. ARREMON D’ORBIGNII, Sp. nov. Embernagra silens, Lafr. et d’ Orb. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, p- 34 (partim). Arremon silens, d’ Orb. Voy. p. 281 (partim). Supra olivascens: tenia verticali cinerea: superciltis a fronte in- cipientibus cum corpore subtus albis ; hoc nigro torquato : rostro flavo ; mandibule superioris parte culminali nigra. Hab. Bolivia, prov. Yungas (d’Ord.). Mus. Parisiensi. This Bolivian species comes nearest to A. flavirostris, but there is more black on the upper mandible, and the superciliary stripes begin from the front, as in A. silens. 3. ARREMON FLAVIROSTRIS. Tordo de bosque torgiiato, Azara, i. p. 331? Arremon silens, Hartl. Ind. Az. p.5? Arremon flavirostris, Sw. An.in Men. p. 347; Gray, Gen. p. 361; Bp. Consp. p. 487. Supra olivascens : tenia verticali cinerea: superciliis ab oculo in- cipientibus et corpore subtus albis; hoc nigro torquato: lateribus cinerascentibus: rostro flavo: ipso culmine tantum nigro. Hab. Brazil, Cameta (Mus. Berol.). Mus. Berol., Derbiano. 4. ARREMON DEVILLII, Sp. nov. Arremon devillii, Bp. in Mus. Paris. A. schistaceus, olivaceo paululum tinctus : tenia verticali dorso con- colore: superciliis ab oculo incipientibus et corpore subtus albis, hoc nigro torquato: tectricibus alarum supertoribus olivaceis : rostro superiore nigro, inferiore flavo. Long. tota 6-0, alee 2-2, caudze 2:1. Hab. prov. Goyaz in Brazil (Cast. et Dev.). Mus. Parisiensi. This bird is intermediate between A. flavirostris and A. polionotus. Unlike the latter, it has the whole upper mandible black and the back tinged with olive, and is besides of smaller size, and possesses a vertical band. From the former it appears distinguishable by its differently coloured bill and less olivaceous back. 5. ARREMON POLIONOTUS. Arremon polionotus, Bp. Consp. p. 488 Supra plumbeus : capite et torque angusta pectorali nigris : super- ciliis postocularibus et corpore subtus albis ; lateribus cinerascen- No. CCCVI.—PrRoceEpDINGs OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 82 tibus : tectricibus alarum olivaceis, ipsa flerura flava: rostro albo, mandibule superioris culmine nigro. Long. tota 6:0, alze 2:9, caudze 2-7. Hab. Corrientes, La Plata (Bp.); Brazil, Cuyaba (Nutt.). Mus. Paris. et Vindob. This species may be distinguished from the A. silens by its cine- reous back, narrower throat-band and differently coloured bill. 6. ARREMON ABEILLII. Arremon abeillei, Less. R.Z. 1844, p.435; Gray, Gen. App. . 16. ; Schistaceus ; capite toto et torque guiturali nigris: superciliis et corpore subtus albis: rostro nigro ; pedibus luteis. Hab. Guyaquil (Less.). Mus. Baronis de Lafresnaye et Princ. Car. Bonaparte. I have seen specimens of this species in the collections of the Baron de la Fresnaye and Prince Charles Bonaparte. It appears very like the preceding, but has the bill black. 7. ARREMON SEMITORQUATUS. Arremon semitorquatus, Sw. An. in Men. p.257; Gray, Gen. p- 361; Bp. Consp. p. 488. Supra olivaceus: capite et plaga utrinque cervicali (quasi semi- torquem formante) nigris : vitta mediali verticis et cervice postica cum lateribus corporis et crisso cinereis: superciliis elongatis, gutture et abdomine medio albis: tectricibus alarum dorso conco- loribus : mandibula superiore nigra, inferiore flava. Long. tota 6:0, alee 2°9, caudze 2°9. Hab. South Brazil. Mus. Brit., &c. 8. ARREMON AXILLARIS. Arremon axillaris, Sclater, P. Z. 8S. 1854, p. 97, et Tan. Cat. Sp. wt5. Supra olivaceo-viridis ; capite atro; superciliis productis albis ; vitta verticali et cervice postica cinereis: subtus niveus, lateribus cinerascentibus ; plaga utrinque cervicali (vittam quasi imper- Sectam formante) mentoque summo atris ; remigibus rectricibusque nigricantibus : tectricibus alarum majoribus flavo-olivaceis, mino- ribus et campterio lete flavis: mandibula superiore nigra, in- feriore flava: pedibus clare brunneis. Long. tota 3:8, alee 2-2, caudze 174. Hab. New Grenadian Andes, Bogota. Mus. Brit. et Paris. This species very much resembles 4. semitorquatus, but has the bend of the wing bright yellow, instead of olive-green. I have only seen it in collections from Bogota. 9. ARREMON SPECTABILIS. Arremon speciabilis, Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1854, p. 114. pl. 67. —————— -_ --” et 83 Supra aurescenti-olivaceus ; capite nigro, vitta verticali cinerea: superciliis albis: avillis letissime croceis: subtus albus ; mento summo et torque gutturali nigris, lateribus cinerascentibus: rostro avo. Long. tota 5°8, alee 2°8, caudee 2°5. Hab. Province of Quixos in Cisandean Ecuador. Mus. Britannico; Gul. Jardine. This beautiful species is from the Upper Rio Napo, where it tra- verses the province of Quixos on the eastern slope of the great Andean range. Specimens in Sir William Jardine’s collection are labelled as having been prepared by M. Villavicencio, a Spanish naturalist resident in that locality. 10. ARREMON ERYTHRORHYNCHUS. Arremon erythrorhynchus, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1855, p. 83. pl. 89. Olivaceus ; capite nigro ; vitta mediali verticis, nucha cervicisque lateribus cinereis : superciliis et corpore subtus albis : torque gut- turalt angusta nigra: lateribus cinerascentibus : campterio flavo : pedibus albis : rostro elongatiore, incurviore, rubro. Long. tota 5:8, alee 3-0, caudze 2:7. Hab. New Grenadian Andes, Bogota. Mus. Brit. This Arremon, of which I have only yet seen one example—a Bogota skin, formerly in Mr. Gould’s collection—may be distinguished from the preceding species by its more lengthened, incurved and brilliant orange-red bill, and the yellow bend of the wing. 11. ARREMON AURANTIIROSTRIS. Arremon aurantiirostris, Lafr. R. Z. 1847, p-72; Des Murs, Icon. Orn. pl. 55; Gray, Gen. App. p.16; Bp. Consp. p- 488. Brunnescenti-olivaceus ; capite et vitta lata pectorali nigris : vitta mediali verticis dorso concolore: superciliis elongatis cum gutture toto et ventre medio albis: campterio flavo : rostro albescenti-au- rantio. Long. tota 6°5, alee 2:9, caudee 2°5. Hab. Isthmus of Panama (Delattre). Mus. Brit. ; Derbiano; Acad. Philadelph. This bird may be distinguished from its congeners by the broad- ness of the pectoral band, and its large wholly yellow bill. 12. ARREMON SCHLEGELI. Arremon schlegeli, Lafr. M.S. ; Bp. Consp. p. 488 . Supra cinereus, dorso et tectricibus alarum superioribus flavescenti- olivascentibus : capite toto et plaga utringue gutturali (quasi semitorquem formante) nigris: carpo flavo: subtus albus, latera- liter cinerascens : rostro flavo, culmine viz nigro. Long. tota 5:7, alee 2-8, caudee 2°3. Hab. Littoral of New Grenada, S. Martha (Verreaux) ; Cartagena and Caraccas (Mus. Paris). Mus. Brit., Paris., Lugdunensi. 84 This fine Arremon is at once recognizable by its black head, which is without the usual supercilia or medial band. Genus X. PuHa@nicorHiILus. Phenicophilus, Strickl. Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 104. Rostrum Buarremonis, sed elongatius- ale elongate, remigibus tertia, quarta et quinta longissimis: cauda breviuscula, quadrata, rectri- cibus inter se equalibus. 1. PHa@NICOPHILUS PALMARUM. Le palmiste, Briss. Orn. ii. p.301. ( 2.) Le palmiste a téte noire, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 303. (¢). Turdus palmarum, Linn. 8. N. i. 295; Vieill. Ois. de Am. Mer. il. p. 16. pl. 69 3 70 ?. Le palmiste de Cayenne, Buff. Pl. Enl. 539. fig. 1. Tachyphonus palmarum, Vieill. N. D. dH. N. xxxii. 359, et Enc. Méth. p. 803. Arremon palmarum, Gray, Gen. Suppl. p. 16. Phenicophilus palmarum, Strickl. Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 104. Dulus palmarum, Bp. R. Z.1851, p. 78, et Notes. 1. Tang. p. 29. Dulus poliocephalus, Bp. R. et M. de Zool. 1851, p. 78, et Note Bod. Tang..p..29... (9..) Phenicophilus poliocephalus, Strickl. Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 104 (¢ ). 3 flavescenti-olivaceus : cervice postica et corpore subtus cinereis : gutture toto et abdomine medio albis: pileo nigerrimo ; maculis utringue, alia in fronte, alia supra oculum et alia sub oculo, niveis : rostro nigro. . pileo plumbeo; gutture fere omnino cinereo. Long. tota 7:5, alee 3°7, caude 3:0. Hab. Island of S. Domingo. Mus. Brit., Paris. Genus XI. BuarreMon. Buarremon, Bp. Consp. p. 483. Chrysopoga, Bp. Consp. p. 480. Pipilopsis, Bp. Consp. P- 485. Rostrum rectum, plus minusve elongatum, conicum ; apice vir dentata : ale longiores, remigibus quarta, quinta et sexta longissimis : cauda elongata et multum rotundata : ptilosis olivascens: sexus similes. a. Buarremon. 1. BuaARREMON TORQUATUS. Embernagra torquata, Lafr. et d’ Orb. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, p. 34. Arremon affinis, Orb. Voy. p. 282. Buarremon torquata, Bp. Consp. p. 483. Clare olivascens: capite nigro, tenia verticali et cervicis lateribus cinereis : superciliis ab oculo incipientibus et corpore subtus albis : 85 pectore nigro torquato: lateribus et crisso viridescenti-olivacets ; cauda cinerea, viridescenti-olivaceo limbata: rostro nigro : pedibus clare brunneis. * Long. tota 7:0, alee 3-1, caudze 2°9. Hab. Bolivia, prov. Yungas (d’Orb.). Mus. Parisiensi. This bird is very like the B. assimilis so common in Bogota col- lections, but distinguishable by its black collar and white supercilia. 2. BUARREMON PHZOPLEURUS, Sp. nov. Clare olivascens : capite nigro, tenia verticali et lateribus cervicis cinereis : supercilits a fronte incipientibus et corpore subtus albis : hoc nigro torquato: ventris lateribus et crisso brunnescentibus : cauda brunnea, olivaceo tincta: rostro nigro: pedibus clare brun- neis. Long. tota 7:2, alee 3-2, caudze 2°8. Hab. Venezuela, Caraccas (Levraud). Mus. Paris. I have had a specimen of this bird in my possession for some time, but only lately discovered its distinctness from the preceding species, on comparing them together at the Jardin des Plantes. The Venezuelan form may be distinguished by the brown colour on the flanks and crissum, the brownish olive tail, and the commencement of the supercilia from the front. The examples of this Buarremon at Paris were sent to the Museum from Caraccas by M. Levraud. 3. BuUARREMON ASSIMILIS. Tanagra assimilis, Boiss. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 67. Arremon assimilis, Gray, Gen. p. 361. : Buarremon assimilis, Bp. Consp. p. 484. Olivaceus ; pileo nigro : capitis vittis tribus cum cervice postica et laterali cinereis : subtus albus, lateribus et ventre imo crissoque cinerascenti-olivaceis: rostro nigro: pedibus brunneis. Long. tota 7-0, alee 3-3, caudze 3°3. Hab. Bogota ; Western declivity of Andes near Quito (Jameson). Mus. Paris., Brit. . 4. BUARREMON VIRENTICEPS. Fringilla quadrivittata, Licht. in Mus. Berol. Buarremon virenticeps, Bp. Compt. Rend. Oct. 22, 1855. Similis Buarremoni assimili sed capitis striis et cervice tota olivas- centibus, dorso concoloribus: rostro nigro: subdtus magis cine- reus. Hab. Mexico. Mus. Berol. 5. BUARREMON BRUNNEINUCHUS. Embernagra brunneinucha, Lafr. R. Z. 1839, p. 97; Boiss. R. Z. 1840, p. 68; Gray, Gen. p. 361. 86 Arremon frontalis, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, p.239 et F. P. p. 213. Buarremon brunneinucha, Bp. Consp. p. 484. * Buarremon xanthogenys, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 141. Olivaceus: alis caudaque brunnescentioribus: pileo postico et nucha castaneis, striga utrinque cinnamomea : fronte et lateribus capitis nigris, illa albo trimaculata: subtus albus, nigro torquatus : lateribus et ventre imo cinereis, olivaceo indutis : rostro nigro. Long. tota 7-0, alze 3-2, caude 3:2. Hab. Mexico (Lafr.); Guatimala; Bogota; East Peru (Tsch.) ; Venezuela, Caraccas. Mus. Brit., Paris. I have seen the type of B. xanthogenys in Herr Heine’s beautiful collection of birds at Halberstadt. I think it is only an accidental variety of the B. brunneinuchus, because other examples from the same locality—Caraccas—seem perfectly identical with New Gre- nadian specimens. b. Chrysopoga. 6. BUARREMON CHRYSOPOGON. Zonotrichia ? aureigula, Bp. M.S. Atlapetes chrysopogon, Bp. in Mus. Paris. Chrysopoga typica, Bp. Consp. p. 480. Brunnescenti-griseus, subtus dilutior, ventre medio cinereo-albescen- tiore : capite nigro, vitta mediali alba: gutture flavo: rostro nigro, pedibus brunneis. Hab. California ? Mus. Parisiensi. This bird, of which I have only seen the specimen in the Paris Museum, resembles the better known C. albinuchus, but has only the throat, and not the whole under-surface, yellow. 7. BUARREMON ALBINUCHUS. Lmbernagra albinucha, @ Orb. et Lafr. R. Z. 1838, p. 165; Gray, Gen. p. 361. Buarremon albinucha, Bp. Consp. p. 484. Atlapetes albinucha, Cab. M. H. p. 140. Embernagra mevicana, Less. R. Z. 1849, p. 42? Supra cinerascenti-olivaceus; capite nigro, vitta mediali alba: subtus flava, lateribus et crisso olivascentibus : rostro nigro. Long. tota 6°5, alee 3-0, caudee 3°2. Hab. Cartagena (Candé). Mus. Paris. 8. BuARREMON GUTTURALIS. Arremon gutturalis, Lafr. R. Z. 1842, p.97; Gray, Gen. p. 361. Buarremon gutturalis, Bp. Consp. p. 484. 87 Olivascenti-fuscus : capite nigro, vitta mediali flavescenti-alba : sub- tus grisescenti-alba, gutture flavo : rostro nigro. Long. tota 6°5, alee 3:1, caudee 3°4. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota. Mus. Lafresnayano. c. Carenochrous. 9. BUARREMON LATINUCHUS. Arremon rufinucha, Tsch. Consp. Av. in Wiegm. Arch, 1844, p. 289; Tsch. F. P. p. 212? Buarremon latinuchus, Du Bus, Bull. Ac. Brux. xxii. p. 154. Schistaceus : pileo toto et cervice postica castaneis : lateribus capitis nigris : subtus flavus, lateribus et crisso cinerascentibus. Long. tota 6°5, alee 3°1, caudee 3°3. Hab. Vicinity of Quito (Jameson) ; Eastern wood-region of Peru (Tsch.). Mus. Jard. M. DuBus considers this bird, which has been generally con- sidered as the same as the Bolivian rufinuchus, distinct from that species. The principal difference apparent from d’Orbigny’s figure seems to be the want of the lateral gular stripes, but I have seen indications of these in some Quitian specimens. 10. BuARREMON RUFINUCHUS. Embernagra rufinucha, Lafr. et d@’Orb. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1839, p.35; Arremon rufinucha, d Orb. Voy. p. 283. pl.27. fig. 2; Gray, Gen. p.361; Buarremon rufinucha, Bp. Consp. p.484 (partim). Supra nigra ; subtus flava, lateribus et crisso olivascentibus: macula ante oculos sulfurascente: pileo et nucha cinnomomeo-rufis : lateribus capitis et vitta angusta utringue ad latera gutturis nigris: — rostro nigro. Long. tota 6°3, alee 3:0, caude 30 (d’Oré.). Hab. Bolivia, (d’ Orb. et Bridges). Mus. Brit., Parisiensi. 11. BuARREMON LEUCOPTERUS. Arremon leucopterus, Jard. Edinb. N. Phil. Journ. n.s. iii. p. 92. Buarremon. leucopterus, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1855, p. 214, pl. 109. Schistacescenti-niger, alis caudaque obscurioribus : capitis lateribus nigris : pileo ochraceo-rufo : macula utringue ante-oculari et spe- culo alari cum corpore toto subtus albis, lateribus in cinereum trahentibus : tectricibus alarum inferioribus albis : rostro pedi- busque nigris. Long. tota 6°2, alee 2°8, caudz 2°7. Hab. Western slope of the Andes near Quito (Jameson). Mus. Gul. Jardine, Baronetti. 12. BUARREMON PALLIDINUCHUS. Arremon pallidinucha, Boiss. R. Z. 1840, p. 69; Gray, Gen. p-361; Bp. Consp. p. 484; Less. Descr. d. Mamm. et Ois. p. 351. Buarremon pallidinucha, Bp. Consp. p. 484. 88 Atlapetes pallidinucha, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 140. Olivascenti-fuscus, alis caudaque nigricantibus : capite nigro : villa lata a fronte ad nucham antice latiore cinnamomea, postice an- gustiore albescente : subtus flavus, lateribus et crisso olivascen- tibus. Long. 6°3, alee 3:2, caudze 3:1. Hab. Bogota. Mus. Brit. 13. BUARREMON ALBIFRENATUS. Arremon albifrenatus, Boiss. R. Z. 1840, p.68 ; Gray, Gen, p.361. Buarremon albifrenatus, Bp. Consp. p. 484. Arremon mystacalis, Sclater, R. et Mag. de Zool. 1852, p. 8; Cont. Orn. 1852, pl. 99, p. 131. Olivaceus : pileo castaneo : fronte et lateribus capitis nigris : subtus flavus : gutture et mystace utrinque ab hoc linea nigra divisa albis : rostro nigro: pedibus rubellis. Long. tota 6°3, alze 3:0, caudz 3°0. Hab, Bogota. Mus. Paris., Brit. 14. BUARREMON SCHISTACEUS. Tanagra (Arremon) schistaceus, Boiss. R. Z. 1840, p. 69. Arremon schistaceus, Gray, Gen. p. 361. Buarremon schistaceus, Bp. Consp. p. 484. Atlapetes schistaceus, Cab. M. H. p. 140. Nigricanti-schistaceus, subtus pallidior, albescentior ; alis caudaque nigris, speculo alari albo : pileo intense castaneo : gutture albido ; capitis lateribus et stria utrinque gutturali nigris. Long. tota 6°5, alee 3:0, caudze 3°1. Hab. Bogota. Mus. Brit. d. Pipilopsis. 15. BUARREMON SEMIRUFUS. Tanagra ( Arremon) semirufus, Boiss. R. Z. 1840, p. 69. Arremon semirufus, Gray, Gen. p. 361. Pipilopsis semirufus, Bp. Consp. p. 485; Cab. M. H. p. 139. Olivaceus ; capite et collo undique toto cum pectore cinnamomeis : abdomine flavo : lateribus olivascentibus : rostro plumbeo : pe- dibus rubellis. Long. tota 6°5, alee 3°0, caudze 3:2. Hab. Bogota; Cumana (Dyson). Mus. Brit., Paris. 16. BUARREMON FULVICEPS. x Emberiza fulviceps, Lafr. et d’Orb. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, p. 77; d Orb. Voy. p. 362. pl. 46. fig. 2. Pipilopsis fulviceps, Bp. Consp. p. 485; Cab. Mus. Hem. p. 138. 89 Olivaceo-viridis : capite et stria laterali gutturis castaneis : macula utringue ante-oculari et corpore subtus ad medium ventrem flavis : lateribus olivaceo-viridibus. Hab. Bolivia, prov. Mizque (d’Ord.). Mus. Parisiensi. This bird very closely resembles the B. semirufus in colour, but has the lores, middle of the throat, rictal strize and breast yellow, the chestnut occupying the sides of the throat and dividing it from the strie. The bill is rather more finch-like than in the former species. 17. BuaRREMON PERSONATUS. Arremon personatus, Cab. in Schomb. Reise, iil. 678. Pipilopsis personatus, Bp. Consp. p. 489. Pyrrhocoma personata, Cab. M. H. p. 138. Fusco-cinereus : dorso subolivascente: subtus flavus : pileo, gula collique lateribus rujis. Hab. British Guiana, Roraima Mountains (Schomb.). Mus. Berolinensi. Genus XII. CHLoRosrineus. Chlorospingus, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 139. Hemispingus, Cab. 1. c. Rostrum Buarremonis sed tenuius, debilius, dente finali pene obso- leto: ale longiuscule, remigibus tertia, quarta et quinta equalibus : cauda elongata et rotundata: ptilosis olivacea et schistacea: sexus similes. This group forms a series, the first members of which are closely allied to the Buarremones, and have the bill nearly as strong, and of the same form as in that genus. But they grow gradually more tenuirostral, and ultimately show striking affinities towards Trichas and other forms of the Mniotiltine, with which they might at first sight be easily confounded. a. Chlorospingus. 1. CHLOROSPINGUS OPHTHALMICUS. Arremon ophthalmicus, Du Bus, Bull. Ac. Brux. xiv. pt. 2. p. 107 (1847) ; R. Z. 1848, p. 247; Gray’s Gen. iii. Supp. p. 16. Chlorospingus leucophrys, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 139. Pipilopsis albitemporalis, Bp. Consp. p. 485 (partim), Supra brunnescenti-olivaceus, pileo et lateribus capitis obscure nigri- canti-brunneis : palpebris et macula postoculari albis : loris, guia et abdomine medio albis : pectore, hypochondriis et crisso flavescenti- olivaceis. Long. tota 5°25, alee 2°75, caude 2°25. Hab. Mexico, vic. of Jalapa (Cab.) ; Cordova (Sallé). Mus. Bruxell., Berolin., H. E. Strickland. 2. CHLOROSPINGUS ALBITEMPORALIS. Tachyphonus albitemporalis, Lafr. R. Z. 1848, p.12; Gray, Gen. Supp. p. 17; Bp. Consp. p. 237. 90 Chlorospingus ophthalmicus, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 139 (note). Chlorospingus albitemporalis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 155; List of Bog. B. p. 27. Supra lete olivaceus : pileo et lateribus capitis nigricanti-brunneis - loris subobsolete fulvescentibus: pennulis oculum postice tangenti- bus albis : gutture pallide fulvescenti-albido, striis minutis nigris asperso: pectore aureo, fulvo tincto : abdomine medio pure albo ; lateribus et crisso viridescenti-flavis. Long. tota 5°2, alee 2°75, caudze 2°25. Hab. Bogota (Lafr.) ; Venezuela (Levraud) ; Bolivia ( Bridges.). Mus. Britannico. This South American species may be distinguished from the Mexican C. ophthalmicus by its rather brighter olive colour above, its lores and throat tinged with fulvous-brown (in the other bird these parts are nearly pure white), and the fulvous-yellow breast, which in C. ophthalmicus is greenish yellow like the sides. 3. CHLOROSPINGUS FLAVIPECTUS. Arremon flavipectus, Lafr. R. Z. 1840, p. 227 ; Gray, Gen. p. 361. Tachyphonus flavipectus, Lafr. R. Z. 1848, p.11; Bp. Consp-. p- 237. Pipilopsis flavipectus, Bp. Consp. p. 485. Chlorospingus flavipectus, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 139. Olivaceus ; pileo et cervice postica nigrescenti-cinereis, lateribus capitis saturatioribus, loris pallidioribus : gula albida, fulvescente tincta: abdomine viridescenti-flavo ; ventre medio albo. Long. tota 5:4, ale 2°7, caudze 2°6. Hab. Bogota. Mus. Brit., Paris., &e. This is a very common species in Bogota collections. 4, CHLOROSPINGUS CANIGULARIS. Tachyphonus canigularis, Lafr. R.Z. 1848, p. 11; Bp. Consp. p- 237; Gray, Gen. App. p. 17. Pipilopsis canigularis, Bp. Consp. p. 485. Chlorospingus canigularis, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 139. Hemispingus Veneris, Bp. Notes Orn. p. 22. Similis C. flavipectori, sed rostro breviore, mazilla alba nec nigra, gula cinereo-alba nec brunnescenti-alba, capite nigrescentiore. Long. alz 2-9. Hab. Bogota. Mus. Paris. Prince Bonaparte’s Hemispingus veneris, of which the type is in the Paris Museum, seems to me to be the same as this bird. It is certainly very closely allied to the common C. flavipectus, but I have no doubt it is really a distinct species. 5. CHLOROSPINGUS OLIVACEUS. Poospiza ! olivacea, Bp. Consp. Av. p. 473. Chlorospingus olivaceus, Sclater, Tan. Cat. Sp. p. 6. 91 Brunnescenti-olivaceus ; capite nigricante ; vertice et nucha palli- dioribus, cinerascentibus ; macula postoculari candida; loris et lateribus cervicis griseis: subtus pallide flavus, gutture et ventre medio grisescenti-albis. Hab. Ceniral America ? Mus. Paris. This bird is of exactly the same cast of plumage as C. flavipectus and canigularis, but may be distinguished by the colouring of its head, which has a broad longitudinal paler band, and is darker, almost black, over the eyes and again beneath them, and by the white postocular spot. A specimen in my possession seems to be of Delattre’s preparation, and agrees with that in the Paris Museum, upon which Prince Bonaparte established his Poospiza olivacea. 6. CHLOROSPINGUS FLAVIVENTRIS, sp. Nov. Olivaceus ; capite cinereo, viridi paulum apparente ; gila albescenti- cinerea: abdomine toto flavo: rostro nigro, mandibule inferioris basi albescente. Long. tota 55, alee 2°5, caudze 2°25. Hab. Trinidad (Mus. Jard.) ; Bolivia? (Mus. H. E. S.). I have seen two specimens of this apparently unrecognized Chlo- rospingus, which agrees in form with the preceding species, but is distinguished by its wholly yellow abdomen. One of these speci- mens is in Sir William Jardine’s possession, the other in the collec- tion of the late Mr. H. E. Strickland. 7. CHLOROSPINGUS SPODOCEPHALUS. Chlorospingus spodocephalus, Bp. Notes Orn. p. 22. Flavo-olivaceus, subtus aurantius: capite toto cinereo, gula dilutiore : rostro nigro: pedibus rubellis. ( Bp.) Hab. Nicaragua (Delatire). Mus. 2 8. CHLOROSPINGUS FLAVIGULARIS. Pipilopsis flavigularis, Sclat. R. Z. 1852, p.8; Cont. Orn. 1852, p. 131, pl. 98. é Olivaceus : gutture flavo : abdomine et mento cinereis ; ventre medio albescentiore ; crisso flavescente : rostro plumbeo, basi albo notata ; pedibus plumbeis. Long. tota 5°5, alee 3°25. Hab. Bogota. Mus. Parisiensi. I have never seen any specimen of this bird except the type in the Paris Museum. The bill resembles that of C. flavipectus, but is rather stronger. b. Hemispingus. 9. CHLOROSPINGUS ATRIPILEUS. Arremon atripileus, Lafr. R. Z. 1842, p. 335; Gray, Gen. p. 361. 92 Pipilopsis atripileus, Bp. Consp. p. 485. Chlorospingus atripileus, Sclater, Tan. Cat. Sp. p- 6. Olivaceus ; pileo nigro ; superciliis longis a fronte ad nucham antice flavidis, postice albis: subtus dilutior ; gutture, pectore et ventre medio sordide flavis. Long. tota 59, alze 2°8, caudze 3:0. Hab. Bogota; vicinity of Quito (Prof. Jameson). Mus. Brit., Jardinii, &c. 10. CHLOROSPINGUS MELANOTIS. Chlorospingus melanotis, Sclater, P.Z.S. 1854, p. 158. pl. 68; 1855, p. 155. Supra nigro-plumbeus, dorso imo brunnescentiore: alis caudaque brunnescentibus, illis penitus nigricantibus : loris et capitis lateri- bus cumeregione auriculari nigris : subtus pallide ochraceo-rufus : mento summo nigricante ; ventre medio dilutiore : rostro nigro : pedibus pallidis. Long. tota 5°25, alee 2°5, caudee 2°25. Hab. Bogota. Mus. Brit. This little species, of which there are two examples in the British Museum, both apparently Bogota skins, differs from all its congeners in the colouring of the lower surface of the body, which is of a pale reddish buff, growing much whiter in the middle of the belly. Above the plumage is lead-coloured, with a greenish tinge superinduced towards the lower part of the back. The wings and tail are brown, with slight greenish edgings ; the ear-coverts and whole side of the face are black. In the second specimen, apparently not so mature, there is a light-coloured spot on the front, just above the nostrils. The bill of this species agrees with that of Chlorospingus atripileus in size, but is rather straighter in form, as in C. verticalis. 11. CHLOROSPINGUS RUBRIROSTRIS. Arremon rubrirostris, Lafr. R. Z. 1840, p.227; Gray, Gen. p.361. Nemosia rubrirostris, Lafr. R. Z. 1848, p. 11. Pipilopsis rubrirostris, Bp. Consp. p. 485. Hemispingus rubrirostris, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 138. Chlorospingus rubrirostris, Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1855, p. 159. Olivaceus, capite cinerascentiore : gutture toto pallide cinereo: ab- domine flavo, lateribus olivascentibus : rostro rubro : pedibus pal- lidis. Long. tota 5°7, ale 3°1, caudze 2°7. Hab. Bogota. Mus. Brit., &c. 12. CHLOROSPINGUS SUPERCILIARIS. Arremon superciliaris, Lafr. R.Z. 1840, p. 227; Gray, Gen. p.361. Nemosia superciliaris, Lafr. R. Z. 1848, p. 227. Pipilopsis superciliaris, Bp. Consp. p. 485. 93 Hemispingus superciliaris, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 138. Chlorospingus superciliaris, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 155. Hylophilus leucophrys, Lafr. R. Z. 1840, p. 227. Olivaceus : pileo antico cinereo: fronte et superciliis cum macula suboculari albidis : subtus flavus: rostro plumbescente: pedibus pallide brunneis. Long. tota 5-2, ale 2°7, caude 2°5. Hab. Bogota. Mus. Brit., &c. 13. CHLOROSPINGUS XANTHOPHRYS. Chlorospingus xanthophrys, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1856, p. 30. Brunnescenti-olivaceus : loris nigricantibus: superciliis curtis a Fronte ad oculum summum et corpore mediali subtus flavis : rostro nigro: pedibus pallide brunneis. Long. tota 4-7, alee 2°5, caudee 2°4. Hab. Bogota. Mus. P. L.S. I possess a single example of this small Chlorospingus. It is closely allied to C. superciliaris, but is inferior in size, has short yellow instead of longer whitish supercilia, and the body beneath only yellow quite in the middle, the sides being olive. Its olive plumage is also of a more brownish tinge, and the feet are pale brown or flesh- coloured, not plumbeous. 14. CHLOROSPINGUS VERTICALIS. Nemosia verticalis, Lafr. R. Z. 1840, p. 227; Bp. Consp. p. 236 ; Gray, Gen. p. 366. Chlorospingus verticalis, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1855, p. 155. Cinereus, subtus dilutior, ventre medio albo: alis caudaque nigri- cantibus : capite toto cum gula nigris ; vitta lata a fronte ad nu- cham fumoso-brunnea : rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 5-0, alz 2°8, caude 2°8. Hab. Bogota. Mus. Brit., Berol. 15. CHLOROSPINGUS LICHTENSTEINI. Nemosia verticalis, Licht. in Mus. Berol (partim). Chlorospingus lichtensteini, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1856, p. 30. Supra cinereus, alis caudaque nigricantibus : pileo atro, vitta me- diali_ verticis ochracescenti-albida: subtus albidus, lateribus cinerascentibus. Long. tota 6°3, alee 3:0, caudze 3:1. Hab. New Grenada. Mus. Berolinensi. One specimen of this bird, which I observed in the Berlin Mu- seum, was marked as having been received from M. Boissoneau of Paris, along with examples of the preceding species, from which it appeared not to have been distinguished. It is closely allied to that 94 bird, but may be recognized by its rather larger size, and the black colouring of the head not extending round to the throat, as in C. ver- ticalis, but the whole under surface being cinereous, growing white in the middle. ; April 22, 1856. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., in the Chair. The following papers were read :— 1. On Two New Species or Brrps (NEsToR NOTABILIS AND SPATULA VARIEGATA) FROM THE COLLECTION OF WALTER Manret, Esa. By Joun Gouxp, F.RS. Mr. Gould brought before the notice of the meeting two species of birds from the New Zealand group of islands which he conceived to be new to science; one, a magnificent Parrot, pertaining to the genus Nestor; the other, an equally interesting species of Duck, belonging to the genus Spatula. Both these birds had been placed in his hands for the purpose of describing, by Walter Mantell, Esq. The Nestor, which is called “‘ Keé”’ by the natives, is by far the largest of the three species of the form now known, and is certainly one of the most interesting of the ornithological novelties lately discovered. It not only differs from its near allies N. hypopolius and NV. productus in its greater size, but in the greater uniformity of its colouring, in the yellow toothed markings of the inner webs of the primaries and secondaries, and in the orange toothed markings of the inner webs of the tail feathers ; the yellow colouring of the under mandible is another of the peculiarities by which it may be distinguished. Mr. Mantell informed Mr. Gould that he first heard of the exist- ence of the Ked about eight years ago from some old natives whom he was questioning as to the birds of the Middle Island. They said the Keé somewhat resembled the Kaka (Nestor hypopolius), but that, unlike that bird, it was green, and added, that it used formerly to come to the coast in severe winters, but that they had not seen it lately. Mr. Mantell has only obtained the two specimens exhibited of this fine bird ; they were shot in the Murihiku country, and for one of them he was indebted to Mr. John Lemon of Murihiku. The following is a description of this new species, for which Mr. Gould proposes the name of NESTOR NOTABILIS. General hue olive-green ; each feather tipped in a crescentic form with brown, and having a fine line of the same colour down the shaft ; feathers of the lower part of the back and the upper tail- coverts washed near the tip with fiery orange-red ; primaries brown, 95 margined at the base with greenish-blue; tail dull green; inner webs of the lateral feathers brown toothed on their basal two-thirds with orange-yellow; all the tail-feathers crossed near the extremity with an indistinct band of brown, and tipped with olive-brown ; feathers of the axillze fine scarlet; under wing-coverts scarlet tipped with brown, the greater ones banded with brown and with yellow stained with scarlet ; basal portion of the primaries and secondaries largely toothed with fine yellow, which is not perceptible on the upper surface unless the wings are very widely spread; upper man- dible dark horn colour; under mandible yellow, becoming richer towards the point ; feet nearly yellowish-olive. Total length, 18 inches; bill, 23; wing, 125; tail, 72; tarsi, 15. Hab. The Middle Island, New Zealand. The Shoveller forms the fifth species known of the genus Spatula, and is distinguished from the other members by the dark crescentic markings which decorate the feathers of the breast, sides of the neck and scapularies. The species of this well-defined form previously described are Spatula clypeata, which inhabits Europe, North America, India and China; 8. rhynchotis, which is found through- out Australia; S. maculatus, the habitat of which is Chili, and pro- bably the neighbouring countries of Peru and Bolivia; and S. ca- pensis of South Africa, For the fifth, or New Zealand species, Mr. Gould proposes the name of SPATULA VARIEGATA. Crown of the head and space surrounding the base of the bill brownish-black ; on either side of the face between the bill and the eye a lunar-shaped streak of white, bounded posteriorly with speckles of black ; cheeks, sides and back of the neck dark grey with greenish reflexions ; front of the neck dark brown, each feather narrowly fringed with white; back brownish-black, the feathers of the upper part margined with greyish-brown ; feathers of the breast, sides of lower part of the neck, the mantle and scapularies white, with a crescent of blackish-brown near the tip ; under surface dark chestnut blotched with black ; flanks lighter chestnut barred with black ; lesser wing-coverts dull greenish-blue; greater wing-coverts dark brown, fringed at the tip with white ; first elongated scapularies blue- grey, with a conspicuous line of white on the outer web next the shaft, bounded posteriorly with black ; the next blue-grey, margined on the inner web with white ; the remainder greenish-black, with a lengthened lanceolate mark of dull or brownish-white down the centre of the apical half; speculum deep green ; primaries dark brown with lighter shafts ; under surface of the shoulder white ; on each side of the vent a patch of white freckled with black; under tail-coverts black, tinged with shining green; tail dark brown; irides bright yellow; bill dark purplish-black, the under mandible clouded with . yellow; legs and feet yellow. Total length, 163 inches; bill, 3; wing, 94; tail, 43; tarsi, 14. Hab. New Zealand. ; Remark.—This is by far the handsomest species of the genus. 96 2. Descriptions or Two New SPECIES OF TRUE CuCKOOS (Genus CuCULUS AS RESTRICTED). By Joun Gouxp, F.R.S. CucuLus stRENUvUS, Gould. Crown of the head, back of the neck, cheeks and chin dark grey; all the upper surface, including the upper tail-coverts, olive-brown, with shining purplish reflexions; tail olive-brown, crossed by four bands of darker brown, and tipped with buffy white ; throat white, passing into the chestnut, which forms a band across the lower part of the chest, each feather also has a double mark of black and chest- nut down the centre; breast and upper part of the abdomen white, crossed by semicrescentic bands of very dark brown bordered with pale chestnut-red ; edge of the shoulder, lower part of the abdomen, vent and under tail-coverts white; upper mandible olive; lower mandible yellow; irides and feet rich yellow. Total length, 153 inches; bill, 14; wing, 93; tail, 9. Hab. Manilla. Remark.—In outward appearance this species so nearly resembles the Cuculus sparverioides, that one description would nearly serve for both; but in size it so far exceeds that bird, as well as every other true Cuckoo I have yet seen, that I have no doubt of its being distinct, and I have therefore assigned it a separate specific appel- lation, and have selected the term strenuus, as indicative of its great size and strength. The specimen from which the above description was taken now forms part of the collection at the British Museum. CucuULUS HYPERYTHRUS, Gould. Crown of the head, all the upper surface and wings dark slate- grey ; spurious wings white; lores, ear-coverts, moustache, and a spot on the chin black ; throat white, with a fine line of brown down the shaft of each feather; under surface dull rusty-red; tail grey, crossed by two narrow irregular bands of black bordered with brown, and by a very broad band of black near the extremity, the tip being reddish-brown ; upper mandible black ; lower mandible and feet ~ yellow. Total length, 114 inches; bill, 13; wing, 8; tail, 62. Hab. China. Remark.—In size this species is rather less than the Cuculus canorus of Europe, and is altogether less elegant in its general con- tour. The rufous colouring of the breast and under surface, and the black marks on the cheeks and throat, characters seldom seen among the Cuculide, are the features by which it may be distinguished. The specimen described, like the preceding, is deposited in the National Collection. 97 3. Note on BuGLopyYTES ALBICILIUS, Bp. By Purire Lutiey Sciater. Prince Bonaparte, in his “‘ Notes Ornithologiques sur les collec- tions rapportées par M. A. Delattre,’ read before the French Academy in 1853, has instituted a new genus, Buglodytes, allied to Campylorhynchus, Spix, and described but one species as belonging to it under the title of B. albicilius. Having had an opportunity of examining this type (which is now in the British Museum), I have to state, that I believe that it is the same bird as was long ago named by Mr. Swainson “ Fur- narius griseus,” and is the type of Cabanis’ genus Heleodytes. It has, however, nothing to do with Furnarius, and seems, as Prince Bonaparte has remarked, intermediate between Campylorhynchus and Donacobius. These forms appear to connect the American Mimine very closely with the Wrens, and to render the position of the former group among the true Thrushes rather doubtful. The synonymy of Buglodytes albicilius will stand as follows -— Furnarius griseus, Sw. An. in Men. p. 325. Campylorhynchus griseus, Schomb. Reise in Brit. Guian. iii. . 674. y Heleodytes griseus, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 80; G. R. Gray, List of Gen. and Subgen. p. 26, no. 404. Buglodytes albicilius, Bp. Notes Orn. p. 26; G. R. Gray, List of Gen. and Subgen. p. 32, no. 499. My specimen of this bird is from Trinidad. Schomburgk’s were collected in British Guiana. The examples upon which the name Buglodytes albicilius was founded were obtained by MM. Verreaux’s collector in the vicinity of Santa Martha, on the north coast of New Grenada. From Trinidad also I possess a bird which seems to be the Heleodytes minor of Cabanis. It is so similar to Heleodytes griseus in every respect except in size, that I question whether it may not ~- be a variety of age or sex of that species. 4, On some New or IMPERFECTLY-KNOWN SPECIES OF Synauuaxis. By Puivie LutTury ScLater. 1. SYNALLAXIS RUFICAPILLA. Synallawis ruficapilla, Vieill. N. D. d’H. N. xxxii. p. 810; Ene. Méth. p. 622; Gal. Ois. pl. 174. Sphenura ruficeps, Licht. Doubl. p. 42. Synallaxis cinereus, Max. Beitr. iii. 685. Synallazis olivascens, Eyton, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 150. Olivascenti-brunnea, pileo toto cum nucha, alis extus et cauda rufis: striga superciliari flavida: loris et regione auriculari No. CCCVII.—Procrepinés or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 98 nigricanti-cinereis : subtus albicanti-cinerea, hypochondriis et crisso brunnescentibus, ventre medio albicantiore cinereo. Long. tota 6:0, alze 2°1, caudze 3-0. Hab. Brazil. 2. SyNALLAxis SPrxI, sp. nov. Parulus ruficeps, Spix, Av. Bras. i. pl. 86, p. 85 (¢.). Synallaxis ruficapilla, Reich. Handb. d. Sp. Orn. p. 158. Supra olivaceo-brunnea, pileo et alis extus rufis, cauda dorso con- colore sed minus olivascente: capitis lateribus et corpore subtus cinereis: gutturis pennis intus nigris, extus argentescenti- albis: ventre medio albo: lateribus et crisso brunnescente tinctis. Long. tota 6°5, ale 2-1, caude 3:5. Hab. Brazil. These two Synallazves, which appear to me to be very distinct birds, have always hitherto been confounded together. Specimens of S. Spizi are rather the most abundant in collections, and are usually marked ruficapilla or ruficeps, names both originally applied to the former species. The S. Spizi may be distinguished by its brown tail, nearly the same colour as the back, not rufous like the head, as is the case in S. ruficapilla; by having no traces of yellowish supercilia, the whole sides of the head being uniform grey like the breast, and by its smaller and shorter bill, and longer, narrower and more pointed tail-feathers. The throat-feathers are black, finely edged with silvery white, which gives an appearance of a black patch on the throat when the plumage is slightly raised. In S. ruficapilla the throat and breast are uniform cineraceous white, and there is more olive-brown on the flanks than in the other species. Another bird, very closely allied to these two, is S. elegans, which I have lately described in these Proceedings*, from Bogota. S. pal- lida, Max., is also very similar to S. ruficapilla, but has conspicuous white supercilia, and the under parts pale brown. S. albescens, Temminck, (which has been also united to S. ruficapilla by Prince Bonaparte and other writers) is likewise different, and more closely resembles S. Spi, from which, however, it is to be distinguished by having only the back part of the head rufous. A sixth nearly allied species is the Bolivian S. Azare, d’Orb. 3. SYNALLAXIS CANICEPS, Sp. Nov. S. dorso, alis caudaque cinnamomeo-rufis: capite toto cervice- . que grisescentibus, pileo albescentiore : subtus lactescenti-alba : rostro et pedibus pallidis: remigibus intus nigricantibus: rostro elongato, parum incurvo, flavicante : pedibus pallide brunneis. Long. tota 5°5, alee 2°3, caudze 2°1. Hab. Brazil. Mr. Eyton was obliging enough to send me his specimens of * P.Z.S, 1856, p. 25. 99 Synallazes for examination a short time since, and most liberally offered to allow me to describe any I might think new. A single example of the present species which was in the collection seems different from any previously named. I have therefore taken advan- tage of Mr. Eyton’s kindness to give characters to it under the specific title of S.caniceps. There is no other member of the genus that I am acquainted with that much resembles it in colouring. The rectrices are ten in number. Mr. Eyton’s S. modesta, described in ‘Contributions to Ornitho- logy’ (1851, p. 159), of which the types are in his collection, is one of a small group of species from Bolivia, Chili and Patagonia, con- sisting of S. favigularis, Gould, S. sordida, Less. and 8. brunnea, Gould ; but I am doubtful whether all the four are really specifically distinct. Professor Reichenbach, in his ‘ Handbuch der Speciellen Ornitho- logie,’ has chopped up the genus Synallavis into seven or eight different sections. Some of these ought no doubt to be adopted, but the Professor has unfortunately referred some of the most closely allied species to different sections, and I think it better therefore to continue the employment of the old name for the whole of them, until a more accurate revision and arrangement of the whole of the species can be made, . 5. On THE Position or THE GENUS PROSERPINA IN THE System, anp A Description oF 1TS DENTITION. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., P.B.S., erc. In the Synopsis of the British Museum for 1840 (p. 129), I mention amongst the genera of Helicide which have a thin edge to the mouth of the shell a genus named Proserpina. It is peculiar amongst land shells for having a series of laminz revolving in the throat, and the outer surface of the shell polished. This genus has been adopted by Sowerby, Pfeiffer, Jonas, and most other authors. Mr. Duclos referréd the species to the genus Carocolla; Adams, Pfeiffer, and Jonas in some of their earlier works having considered them as species of the extended genus Heliz. M. d’Orbigny in his work on the Mollusca of Cuba, renamed the genus Odostoma, and referred it with doubt to the family Cyelo- stomide. Though the shell is far from uncommon in the West Indies, Cuba, and some parts of the American continent, the animal escaped the researches of Guilding, Adams, Chitty, d’Orbigny and other observers. In 1854, when in Berne, my friend, Dr. Shuttleworth, informed me it had two subulate tentacles, with the eyes sessile on the outer side of their base ; and Mr. Bland has mentioned that the animal has no operculum, and absorbs the septa between the upper whorls of the spire, like some species of the genera Neritina, Auricula, Helicina, Stomastoma, and a few Helices. 100 These observations induced me to place the family in my most modern arrangement near Oligyrade. Mr. Cuming has kindly brought to me a specimen of the genus, with its animal, which Mr. Salle diacovered under leaves in the moun- tains of Mexico, some distance from the sea. The species is allied to Proserpina eolina, but differs in the spire being much more convex ; I hence propose to call it P. Salleana. Like P. eolina, it differs from all the others I am acquainted with in the upper surface of the whorls being rugose, and only smooth on the lower surface, as is the case with many Nanine, showing, if the smoothness and polish of the surface depend on the extension of the mantle of the animal, the extension in this kind is confined to the under surface of the shell, as is proved by the examination of the animal itself. This being the case, I am inclined to form this shell and P. eolina into a new genus under the name of Ceres, characterized by the roughness of the upper surface and the non-dilatation of the front edge of the mantle, which is believed to be dilated in all the other species of the true Proserpine. It will be seen that most authors have placed these Mollusca either with Helices or Oligyre, and I was much inclined to follow their example, even after a cursory examination of the animal itself. It has much the external appearance of the animals of the lateral family, having ashort, broad, annulated muzzle with a triangular mouth, two subulate lateral tentacles, with the eyes sessile on the outer side of their base; a moderately short foot, truncated in front, acute and keeled above-behind, without any appearance of beards or any mem- branous ridge on the sides; the shell is slightly sunk into a cavity in the front of the upper keeled part of the foot, as if it possessed an operculum; the edge of the mantle is free from the back of the neck, producing an open nuchal respiratory cavity like Cyclostoma and Oligyra, and other operculated and unisexual land shells. When the animal is more closely examined, it is found that there is no operculum, the concavity on the front part of the foot into which the under surface of the shell fits is furnished with a con- tinuation of the mantle, having a raised crumpled edge evidently capable of being expanded over the under surface of the shell, and explaining the polished surface of this part of the shell ;—a structure I have not observed in any other Mollusca. This extension of the mantle might be mistaken for the mantle of the operculum, which, as far as I know, is always quite distinct and separate from the mantle of the shell, but in this animal the fringed edge of the con- cavity is in direct continuity with the true or shell-forming mantle, both at the columnar and the outer external angle of the mouth of the shell. The teeth of the lingual membrane are unlike those of Cyclostoma and Helicina, which agree with those of Littorina and other marine Rostriferous univalves. The teeth resemble those of the typical Riphidoglosse, as in the families Neritinide, Turbonide, Trochidea, Roliolide, &c. All the Mollusca hitherto known belonging to these ere 101 families are aquatic, and all but the genera Neritina and Navicellus are truly marine. They all have well-developed gills, and the greater part have a more or less developed lateral membrane on each side of the body, furnished with three or more beards on its lower surface, and almost all have the eyes placed on a more or less distinct peduncle at the outer side of the base of the tentacles, all characters absent in Proserpina. But notwithstanding all these peculiarities, I am inclined to arrange the family Proserpinide (including Proser- pina and Ceres) in the order Scutibranchia, section Raphidoglossa, and to form a suborder for it under the name Pseudobranchia, in the same manner as the families Cyclophoride and Helicinide form the suborder Phaneropneumona of the order Rostrifere. It may be thus characterized :— Pseudobranchia. Gills vascular, branched on the inner surface of the mantle ; body and shell spiral ; eyes sessile ; operculum none. The open respiratory cavity, the separate sexes and the form of the teeth, preclude its bemg arranged with the Pulmonobran- chiata, with which it has been hitherto placed on account of its terrestrial mode of life; but as our knowledge of the structure of Mollusca extends, it is found that some Pulmonobranchiata are marine, as Siphonariade and Amphibolide, in the same manner as the terrestrial Cyclophoride and Oligyrade are properly arranged in the marine and fluviatile Rostrifera. The Proserpinade might be arranged with the latter families, as was proposed before the teeth were known; but there can be little doubt that the animals which have the very numerous rows of such peculiar-formed teeth as the Raphidoglossa, must have very different habits and modes of life from those which have only seven rows of nearly uniform teeth, of the Tenioglossa or Rostriferous Mollusca. And though the animal of the Proserpinade differs from the more typical Raphidoglosse, yet all the peculiarities, except the vascular organs of respiration and terrestrial mode of life, are found in some of the genera of the suborder. Thus the eyes of Fissurella are sessile on the outer side of the base of the tentacle; the whole family of Neritinide and some of the genera of Fissurellad@ are destitute of any lateral fringe or beards ; so that though these organs are the usual characteristic of these animals, their absence is no proof that the family does not belong to the group, especially when we consider that the teeth have all the peculiarities, indeed, are per- fectly typical in form with this well-marked and very peculiar tribe, and very probably it may prove that many terrestrial Mollusca may properly belong to the order. The lingual membrane elongate, broad, with numerous longi- tudinal series of close-set teeth ; the central teeth in 11 longitudinal series, 5. 1. 5. the two outer teeth on each side being large and irre- gular; the lateral teeth are numerous, crowded, compressed, linear, nearly equal, transparent, with recurved tip. In Ceres Salleana the lingual membrane is broad, elongate, with close-set teeth. Teeth .00. 5. 1.5.00. in numerous longitudmal series ; the central tooth is oblong, with a smooth recurved tip, the 102 lst and 2nd lateral teeth rather broader than the central, with three- toothed recurved tip, the 3rd narrow, elongate, with a slight recurved end, the 4th and 5th much larger, oblong and irregular shaped, the 4th about half the width of the 5th, with 3 or 4 denticles on the inner side of the upper edge; the 5th very large, broad, with a large subcentral reflexed lobe ; the lateral teeth are very numerous, subequal, compressed, transparent, with a recurved tip, which in the inner teeth of the series is bifid. Gj 4 V4 2 BEETLES Dis ys Sak PA Teeth of Ceres Salleana. 1. Ceres SALLEANA, Gray. Shell yellow, upper surface conical, convex, rugulose, with nu- merous close, parallel, granular concentric striz ; lower surface smooth, polished; keel acute, expanded. Hab. Cordera, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, in dense woods, under dead leaves (M. A. Sallé). 2. Ceres E0LINA. Proserpina eolina, Duclos, Mag. Zool. The shell orange; upper surface flat, rugulose, with numerous short, parallel, diverging, narrow, sharp ridges ; keel very acute, bent up; lower surface convex, subhemispherical, polished, orange ; axial callosity thin, semitransparent, whitish. 6. Remarks on NikA EDULIs, Risso. By Wiii1am THompPson. The possession of a healthy specimen of Nika edulis has enabled me to offer the following remarks, which, I trust, may add some- thing new to what is already known of this species. The first specimen I obtained by dredging on the 2nd July, 1853. I find by my notes, which were made at the time, that it was a female, and in spawn; the ova were darkish green, the animal itself was of a cream colour, and spotted with red dots ; the spots were of different sizes, perfectly round, and rather thickly and regularly placed. This specimen was dead before I examined it, and this will account for the difference of colour as contrasted with the specimen, the more immediate subject of the present paper. I had previously obtained one specimen, and a third specimen, also in spawn, was 103 brought to me on the 20th July, 1855; the ova were bright green, and the animal of a cream colour. This specimen was dead when examined. The subject of the present paper was brought to me alive by my dredger on the 21st February in this year, and lived three weeks, It was dredged in Weymouth Bay, near the mouth of the harbour. The colour in this living specimen was very different from that of the dead specimens I had previously obtained. When first brought to me, the whole animal was a light greenish-drab, irregularly and thinly sprinkled with pure white stars; the carapace and covering of the abdomen were alike transparent, and the intestines could be easily seen beneath. I could also detect the breathing apparatus placed on each side at the back of the mouth; the movement was similar to that of a long rope when gently waved at oneend. After a few days’ confinement it changed colour, five or six broadish bands of a lovely rose colour appeared, the bands of colour being restricted to the back portion of each segment of the body; the tail also changed to the same rosy hue, in the course of two or three days the animal again assumed its original colour. I have noticed this change of colour in many of the Palemonide and Crangonidea, and I believe it to arise from the transparency of the cuticle enabling any change in the body itself to be seen through it, and that the change of colouring of the body is occasioned by fear or some instinct. In all the specimens of Nika I have obtained the shell is soft as in a new-moulted Prawn, and in piercing them with a fine pin for preserving, the shell bends before it. Is this of any value as a generic character? M. Milne-Edwards says they resemble Athanas ‘‘in possessing but a small rostrum ;” they also resemble them in their mode of locomotion, as they then carry the external pedipalps and first pair of feet extended before them in a line with their body ; their movements are also slow and deliberate, and they appear to progress by walking and not by swimming; when alarmed they shoot backwards by striking forward with their tail, as is the habit of all the long-tailed Crustaceans. I now proceed to lay before you the information I have obtained as to its habits. I may assert that Nika is essentially a burrowing genus. I was not prepared to find it so, as I considered its slender limbs and its prominent eyes but ill-adapted for the purpose ; however, we live and learn, and I have learned that practice is far better than theory ; had I relied on the latter I should have insisted that Nika edulis was not a burrower. In accordance with a plan which I have formed of attempting to study the habits of any of our rarer marine animals I may have the good fortune to meet with, I placed my prisoner in a vase with a few weeds and some pebbles, that being the nature of the ground on which it was dredged; I left it in this vessel for two days, and found out it was not at home, and, in fact, that a pebbly bottom was not its choice. I therefore removed it to a large earthenware pan in which I had previously placed a few weeds, having filled it also to the depth of three inches with coarse gravel; I then left it for an 104 hour, and on examining the vessel I could not find my friend ; I searched on the table, thinking it might have thrown itself out, but it was without success ; I turned over the stones and weeds, and with the like result. I then commenced turning over the gravel, and at last found that Nika edulis was a burrowing Crustacean. I accord- ingly transferred it for facility of observation to a vase, and placing in it the same material, namely, the coarse gravel and weeds, in this gravel it buried itself three several times. Burrowing in this loose material was evidently a difficult matter; it required great patience and perseverance to overcome the difficulty occasioned by the loose gravel constantly falling in on the excavator; it took the animal ten minutes to burrow to about the depth of three parts of its length. I afterwards transferred it to a vase with sand to the depth of three or four inches at the bottom; in this it quickly disappeared, three minutes sufficing to completely cover itself. In this vase it was that I made the following observations on it. Its mode of mining is extraordinary: lying at the bottom of the vase, it commenced proceedings by probing the sand around with its third pair of feet, and inserting them to some depth in it; when it found a spot suited for the purpose, that is, free from any large stones, it at once commenced excavating. These operations were earried out by the external pedipalps, which are very long and strong, and also by the first, third and fourth pairs of legs; the second pair of legs, as may be supposed, are for this purpose per- fectly useless: they are as much as possible placed out of the way, being bent up snugly with the hand turned backwards: the only motion I could detect was a nervous action in the moveable finger, constantly attempting to clutch objects, but not seizing anything. The fifth pair of feet have a simple though useful office assigned them: it is to support the body in the proper position until the burrowing has progressed sufficiently to enable the burrower to do without their support; they are then immediately called into more active employment, and assist in the work of excavation. The spot for burrowing having been selected, the little animal steadies its body by means of its fifth pair of legs, and this allows the greatest freedom of action to the body. The pedipalps perform a prominent part in the burrowing; the nail on the last joint is curved slightly forward, and the advantage of this is clearly seen, as in digging, the pedipalps are forced into the sand or shingle, and are thus forced forward and outwards, and they prevent the side of the burrow from falling in; the third and fourth pairs of feet are in constant motion, probing the sand and loosening it, thus lightening the labour for the pedipalps ; all these movements take place very regularly and at the same time. A small hollow having been made, the animal raises its body by means of its fifth pair of legs to nearly a right angle with the bottom; its eyes, which are very large and carried at right angles with the body, are thus suddenly thrown forward with a spring in a line with the rostrum, and the hollow is surveyed; should it not be of a sufficient depth the body is again lowered and the burrowing continues, the eyes resuming their original position ; when the hole — 105 is sufficiently deepened, the eyes are again brought forward, the antennze are thrown back in a line with the body, and the animal ferces its head in the hole it has made; this is facilitated by the body being gradually raised by means of the fifth pair of legs; the head being inserted, the burrowing continues with increased energy, and the animal assumes the position as in photograph No. 2; this view shows the sand which has been thrown up accumulated in a heap under the body. I have occasionally found it continue in this position, but gene- rally it burrows perpendicularly, until only the tips of the antennz are visible. I placed my captive in a glass vase, and he having selected the side of the glass for burrowing (probably from the glass forming one firm side to the work), enabled me to watch every movement; the sand appeared to be passed to the mouth of the hole by the legs and false legs, when it filled round the body and filled in as the animal passed downwards. The antenne are delicately sensitive. I believe this sensitiveness depends on the sense of touch: the slightest contact with them sets the animal im motion (and this when it is buried some depth), using every exertion to burrow deeper. It is evidently a night-feeding genus, as it remained buried and inactive during the day, but the state of the sand in the tank in the morning proved that it had not been idle during the night. From these facts I am justified in stating that Nika edulis is a burrowing species (if not of a burrowing genus), and that its bur- rowing is only by day to hide itself from its enemies, and not to procure food. The description I have given of the colouring of this species will be found to be different from that given by Risso, as stated by Mr. Milne-Edwards. I should have great diffidence in differing from these eminent naturalists had I not imagined that their descriptions might have been taken from cabinet specimens. Had I waited to describe my specimen until after its death, I must have described it as it now is, namely, flesh-red; I find all the thinner-shelled Crus- tacea change more or less of a flesh-red, with the exception of the Crangonide. The different plans of burrowing in the different genera are very interesting, and may probably be given in another paper. The photographs to illustrate these notes represent No. 1 and No. la.—WNika edulis (natural size) taken from a living specimen (on a collodion plate) in two different positions. No. 2.—The same (natural size) when partially buried. This view shows the sand accumulated under the body of the animal. No. 3.—A view of a portion of Weymouth Bay, taken by a col- lodion negative. The camera being sunk in two fathoms of water, the line of demarcation between the water and air is here plainly visible. No. 4.—A photograph of Aphrodita aculeata taken (in two dif- ferent positions) from a living specimen two-thirds of its natural size. 106 Dr. Crisp placed before the Society drawings of the viscera, of the size of life, of a large Pike (Hsox lucius). The subjoined are the dimensions of the fish and the weight of the body and of the viscera :— Weight of body, 28 lbs.; length, 3 feet 7 inches ; largest cireum- ference, 23 inches. Weight of heart, 160 grains; of liver, 10 oz. ; of kidney, 1 0z.; of spleen, 171 grains; of brain, 75 grains. The diameter of the eye was 13 lines, and the largest tooth (maxillary) was 7 lines in length, Alimentary canal.—@sophagus, 6 inches; stomach, 9 inches ; intestines, 3 feet 3 inches. Total, 4 feet 6 inches. The kidney, which was very thin, measured 19 inches in length ; the air-bladder, 18 inches. The gall-bladder, seated at the upper part of the unlobed liver, of a pyramidal shape; it contained about 3 drachms of bile. Portions of a carp were found in the stomach, which, judging from the scales and some of the cranial bones, must have been of large size; probably 2 or 3lbs. The most interesting fact, however, that presented itself was the large size of the oviducts. These weighed -7lbs., and measured 22 inches in length. As near as could be computed, the number of ova amounted to about 700,000. The fish was taken in Holland about the 8th of the present month, April, and the ova appeared to be matured. The diameter of the blood-corpuscle of this fish was the same as that of the blood-corpuscle of smaller specimens. Dr. Crisp had not been able to find any account of the dissection of a large Pike, and for this reason he had placed an outline of the visceral anatomy before the Society. Dr. Crisp exhibited the drawing of a hairless Mouse, with the skin corrugated in the same manner as in those exhibited by Mr. Gaskoin at a recent meeting of the Society. The specimen, No. 120, is in the Museum of the College of Surgeons ; it was found alive in the kitchen of the late Mr. Clift, and is thus described in the College Catalogue under the head Monstrosities:—‘‘ A common Mouse, which from its birth had not the slightest appearance of hair upon its skin, being perfectly naked.” 107 May 13, 1856. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., in the Chair. The following papers were read :— 1. DeEscrirpTion or A New TrRoGoN AND A New OpDONTOPHORUS. By Joun Gou tp, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., &e. TROGON AURANTIIVENTRIS, Gould. Male: Forehead, face and chin dull black; head, sides of the neck, breast, back and upper tail-coverts golden-green ; wings slaty- black, the coverts and secondaries finely freckled, and the primaries margined at the base with white; two centre tail-feathers bronzy- green, narrowly tipped with black ; the two next on each side bronzy- green on their outer webs, the inner webs and the tips black; three outer tail-feathers on each side black, crossed by numerous narrow bars of, and narrowly tipped with, white ; under surface rich orange, separated from the green of the chest by a semilunar mark of white ; thighs black ; bill orange ; feet dark grey. Total length, 10 inches ; bill, $; wing, 53; tail, 6. Female: Head, all the upper surface and breast orange-brown ; wing-coverts brown, minutely freckled with brownish-black ; abdo- men pale orange ; two central tail-feathers reddish-brown, narrowly tipped with black ; the two next on each side brown on their outer webs, the interior webs and tips black ; three lateral feathers black at the base, their outer webs and apical portions white, minutely freckled with black, and a narrow irregular band of black near the tip. Pnab. near David, Veragua. Remark.—This species is very closely allied to Trogon puella: being precisely similar in every character, except that of the colour- ing of the breast, which is orange instead of scarlet ; both these species are remarkable for the regularity of the markings of their tail-feathers, and for the markings extending to the tip. ODONTOPHORUS VERAGUENSIS, Gould. Male. Crown of the head and crest dark rust-red ; throat black, with a line of white down the centre of each feather; back reddish- brown, freckled with black, and a faint lme of white down the centre of each feather ; wings brown, mottled and freckled with black, and with a small indistinct spot of buff near the tip of each of the coverts ; scapularies brown, with a light stripe down the centre, and with a large blotch of brownish-black near the apex of the inner web ; ramp pale brown, obscurely spotted with black ; under surface light cho- colate-brown, with a spot of white more or less encircled with black near the tip of each feather. Female: Differs in having the forehead and upper feathers of the 108 crest slaty-brown ; and the spots on the breast smaller and less con- gspicuous. Total length, 10 inches ; bill, 3; wing, 53; tail, 23; tarsi, 13. Hab. Veragua. Remark.—This species is nearly allied to Odontophorus guttatus, but differs in the lighter colouring of the breast and the redder hue of the crest. Specimens were procured by Dr. Seemann at Panama, and by Mr. Bridges from near David in Veragua. 2. Synopsis Avium TANAGRINARUM.—A DESCRIPTIVE CaATA- LOGUE OF THE KNOWN SPECIES OF TANAGERS. By Puitie Lurviey Scuater, M.A., F.Z.S., &e. Part II.—containing the genera Pyrrhocoma, Nemosia, Cyps- nagra, Tachyphonus, Trichothraupis, Eucometis, Lanio, Pheenico- thraupis, Lamprotes, Orthogonys, Pyranga and Ramphocelus. Genus XIII. Pyrruocoma. Pyrrhocoma, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 138 (1851). Rostrum breviusculum, incurvum, dente finali subobsoleto, mandi- bula superiore tumida: ale subbreves, rotundate, remigibus quarta et quinta tertiam superantibus et longissimis: cauda modica. 1. PyRRHOCOMA RUFICEPS. Tachyphonus ruficeps, Strickl. Ann. N. H. 1840, p.419; Gray, Gen. p. 365; Bp. Consp. p. 237. Pipilopsis ruficeps, Bp. Consp. p. 485. Pyrrhocoma ruficeps, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 138. Schistaceus, capite toto et gutture castaneis: fronte, loris et mento summo nigris. Long. tota 5-6, alze 2°6, caudze 2°5. Hab. Brazil; S. Paolo (Sw. in Mus. Cantab.); Paraguay (Nat- terer); Ypanema (Von Olfers). Mus. Brit., Paris., Berol., &c. Genus XIV. Nemosia. Nemosia, Vieill. Analyse, p. 32 (1816). Hemithraupis, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 21 (1851). Thiypopsis, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 138 (1851). Rostrum tenue, elongatum, incurvum, acutum, dente finali fere nullo: ale elongate, remige prima longa, tribus proximis paulo longioribus, equalibus et longissimis ; cauda modica, sub- quadrata: sexus dissimiles. 109 a. Nemosia. 1. NEMOSIA PILEATA. Tangara & coiffe noire de Cayenne, Buff. Pl. Enl. 720. fig. 2. Tanagra pileata, Bodd. Table d. Pl. Enl.; Gm. 8. N. 898. Nemosia pileata, Vieill. N. D. ? H.N. xxii. p.490; Enc. Méth. p- 787; Lafr. et dOrb. Syn. Av. in Mag. dé Zool. 1837, p. 28; d’Orb. Voy. p. 261; Gray, Gen. p. 366 ; Bp. Consp. p. 236. Hylophilus cyanoleucus, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 734 (¢ ). Hylophilus ceruleus, ib. p. 731 (2). Tangara & coiffe noire, Desm. Tan. pl. 41. Hooded Tanager, Lath. G. H. vi. p. 13. Pico de punzon negro azul y blanco, Azara, no. 105 (2). P.d.p. azul y blanco, id. no. 110 (2). Plumbescenti-cerulea, pileo supero cum capite et cervice late- rali nigris: striga preoculari et corpore subtus albis: rostro nigro: pedibus flavidis.—? supra minus cerulescens et nigro colore omnino carens ; subtus minus pure alba. Long. tota 47, alee 2°8, caude 1°8. Hab. Cayenne; Brazil, Para (Wallace), Mexicana (Wallace), Ba- hia (P. Maz.) ; Nauta (Cast. et Dev.) ; Bolivia, Chiquitos (d’ Ord.) ; Paraguay (4Azara) ; Venezuela, Caraccas (Levraud). . Mus. Brit., Paris., &c. b. Hemithraupis. 2. NEMOSIA GUIRA. Sylvia brasiliensis viridis, Briss. Orn. iti. 533. Motacilla guira, Linn. i. p. 335. Tang. olive a gorge noire de Cayenne, Buff. Pi. Enl. 720. fig. 1. Tanagra nigrigula, Bodd. Table d. Pl. Enl. Tanagra nigricollis, Gm. 8. N. p. 894. Hylophilus guira, Max. Beitr. ui. p. 736. Nemosia nigricollis, Vieill. N.D.@H.N. xxii. p. 491; Ene. Méth. p.788; Lafr. et d’Orb. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, p- 28; d’Orb. Voy. p.261?; Hartl. Ind. Az. p.7; Gray’s Gen. . 366. Nemosia guira, Gray’s Gen. App. p.17; Bp. Consp. p. 236. Hemithraupis guira, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 21 ; Bp. Consp. p. 312. Pico de punzon amarillo barba negra, Azar. Pax. no. 102. Guira Warbler, Lath. G. H. vii. p. 193. Flavescenti-olivacea ; superciliis longis et vitta gutturem nigrum undique cingente flavis : pectore et dorso postico cinnamomeis : ventre cinerascenti-fiavido, crisso saturatiore. ¢ flavicanti- olivacea, uropygio clariore: subtus valde dilutior. Long. tota 5-0, alz 2°6, caude 2°0. Hab. Cayenne ; Brazil, ed provinces (P. Maz.) ; Bo- livia (d’ Ord. ?). Mus. Brit., Paris., &c. There are slight variations in colouring between the Brazilian and 110 Cayenne: examples of this species, but not sufficient to lead me to consider them distinct. 3. NEMOSIA GUIRINA, Sp. nov. Nemosia guira, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1855, p. 155. Flavescenti-olivacea, superciliis longis cum plaga cervicali utrin- que conjunctis flavis : gutture et capitis lateribus nigris : dorso postico cinnamomeo, pectore item cinnamomeo sed saturatiore et magis castaneo : abdomine cinerascenti-flavido, crisso flavicante. Long. tota 5:0, alee 2°9, caudee 2-0. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota; East Peru. Three specimens of what would at first sight appear to be NV. guira, in my possession, two of which are from New Grenada and the third from Peru, offer such a marked difference in the length of the wing on comparison with specimens from the eastern coast, that I cannot avoid separating them specifically. They are also distinguishable, as the yellow colour is more developed on the sides of the neck, but does not form a band between the breast and black throat, as in N.guira. And in the N. guirina the breast has more of a deep chest- nut tinge, which extends quite up to the black throat. Perhaps d’Orbigny’s Bolivian N. guira may be rather referable to this species than to the previous bird. 4. NEMOSIA FLAVICOLLIS. ‘ Nemosia flavicollis, Vieili. N. D. dH. N. xxii. 491; Enc. Méth. p- 788; Gal. Ois. p. 99. pl. 75; Gray, Gen. p. 366; Bp. Consp. p- 236. Tanagra speculifera, Temm. Pl. Col. 36. fig. 1. ¢. 2.2. Sylvia melanoxantha, Licht. Verz. d. Doubl. p. 34. Hylophilus melanoxanthus, Max. Beitr. iii. 736. Hemithraupis flavicollis, Bp. Consp. p. 312. Hemithraupis melanoxantha, Cab. M. H. p. 21. Nigra, dorso postico flavo: speculo alari et corpore subtus albis : gutture aureo: crisso flavo, dorso concolore. ? supra brun- nescenti-olivacea : subtus flavida, medialiter elarior : alarum marginibus flavicantibus. Long. tota 5-1, alee 2°7, caudze 2:1. Hab. Brazil (P. Maz.). Mus. Brit., &e. 5, NEMOSIA INSIGNIS, Sp. nov. Nigra, brunnescente tincta: speculo alari et corpore subtus albis : interscapulio et dorso inferiore cum gutture et crisso flavis. @ brunnescenti-olivacea, alarum et caude marginibus flavescentibus : subtus flavida, lateribus obscurioribus. Long. tota 5:5, alee 2:9, caude 2°1. Hab. South Brazil. Obs. Similis N. flavicolli, sed crassitie majore, dorso flavo altius ascendente et gutture pallidius flavo, dorso fere concolore, distinguenda. lait alain 111 ‘I possess three specimens of this Nemosia, male, female and young male, out of a collection formed, I believe, in the southern part of Brazil. They are certainly larger in all their dimensions than the N. flavicollis, besides showing the other differences above noted, and I think can hardly be passed over as merely a local variety of that species. 6. NEMOSIA AURICOLLIS, sp. nov. Nemosia flavicollis ex Cayenna, auct. Saturate nigricanti-brunnea ; speculo alari parvo albo: dorso postico, gutture et crisso aureo-flavis, abdomine albido. Long. tota 4°6, alee 2°7, caudee 1°9. Hab. Cayenne; East Peru, river Ucayali (Hawzwell). Mus. Brit., &e. Obs. N. flavicolli simillima, sed colore brunneo, et dorso postico aurescentiore flavo, necnon speculo alari magis celato, distin- guenda. 7. NEMOSIA PERUANA. Hemithraupis peruana, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 173; Note s. 1. Tang. 24. Nemosia peruana, Sclater, Tan. Cat. Sp. p. a Nigra, brunnescente tincta ; speculo alari albo: dorso postico toto, gutture, crisso et maculis in tectricibus alarum aureo-flavis : abdomine albo: pectore paululum nigro variegato. 2 olivas- centi-brunnea, uropygio et alarum caudeque marginibus flavi- cantioribus; subtus flavida, ventre dilutiore, crisso saturatiore. Long. tota 5:0, alee 2:6, caudee 2°0. Hab. East Peru. _ Mus. P.L.S. Obs. Species maculis alaribus aureis inter affines dignoscenda. 8. NEMOSIA ALBIGULARIS. Nemosia albigularis, Sclater, P.Z.S. 1855, p. 109. pl. xcix. et p- 155. Nigra: dorso postico et crisso cum. macula collari utrinque et plumis narium quibusdam aureo-flavis: speculo alari albo: subtus alba, pectoris et laterum plumis nigro variegatis. Long. tota 4°2, alee 2°5, caude 1°8. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota. Mus. Brit., Joh. Gould, &c. 9. NEMOSIA RUFICAPILLA. Nemosia ruficapilla, Vieill. N.D. @H.N. xxii. p-493 ; Enc. Méth. p. 788; Gray, Gen. p. 366; Bp. Consp. p. 236. ia ruficapilla, Vieill. Gal. Ois. Suppl. pl. 3. ilus ruficeps, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 729 5 Gray, Gen. p. 200. Hemihraupis ruficeps, Cab. Mus. Hein. p.21 ; Bp. Consp. p.311. Olivaceo-viridis ; capite et gutture undique castaneis: pectore 112 et dorso postico cinnamomets : macula cervicali utrinque aurea : abdomine cineraceo, medialiter flavo-virescente, crisso flavicante. Long. tota 5°0, alee 2°6, caude 2°1. Hab. Brazil, Rio; Bahia (P. Maz.). Mus. Brit., &c. c. Thlypopsis. 10. NEMOSIA SORDIDA. Nemosia sordida, Lafr. et d’Orb. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, p. 28; d’Orb. Voy. p. 261. pl. 18. fig. 2; Gray, Gen. p. 366; Bp. Consp. p. 237. Nemosia fulvescens, Strickl. Ann. N. H. (1844), p. 420; Gray, Gen. p. 366; Bp. Consp. p. 236. Thlypopsis fulvescens, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 138. Nemosia blanda, Licht. in Mus. Berol. Brunnescenti-cinerea ; pileo cinnamomescenti-castaneo : capitis lateribus et gula flavis : abdomine dilute brunnescenti-ochraceo, medialiter albescentiore. Long. tota 5°0, alee 3°7, caudee 3°1. Hab. Bolivia, Yuracares (d’ Orb.). Mus. Brit., Paris., Berolin. I have compared a specimen of this bird, which is in my own pos- session, with d’Orbigny’s type in the Paris Museum and the example of NV. fulvescens which is in Mr. Strickland’s collection. It seems to agree with both of these nearly enough to induce me to regard the several appellations given by these writers as probably synonymous. 11. NeMosIA RUFICEPS. Tachyphonus ruficeps, Lafr. R. Z. 1848, p. 173. Thlypopsis fulviceps, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 138. Cinereus, capite toto cum gutture undique castaneis, gula dilu- tiore : abdomine medio albescente. Long. tota 5-0, ale 2°5, caudse 2°0. Hab. Caraccas in Venezuela (Lafr.). Mus. Parisiensi, Heineano. Genus XV. CyPpsNAGRA. Cypsnagra, Less. Man. d’Orn. p. 460 (1831). Leucopygia, Sw. Class. Birds, ii. p. 285 (1837). Rostrum tenue, arcuatum, acutum, dente finali obsoleto ; gonyde vir ascendente : ale modice, remigibus secunda et tertia longis- simis: cauda modica rotundata: pedes robusti, unguibus acutis. 1. CypSNAGRA RUFICOLLIS. Tanagra ruficollis, Licht. Verz. d. Doubl. p. 30. Tanagra hirundinacea, Less. Tr. d’ Orn. p. 460. Leucopygia ruficollis, Sw. An. in Men. p. 312; Cab. Mus. Hein. p- 137. TL lle 113 Tachyphonus ruficollis, Orb. Voy. p. 277. Cypsnagra ruficollis, Gray, Gen. p. 167; Bp. Consp. p. 232. Tanagra fumigata, Temm. in Mus. Lugd. Supra niger, uropygio, speculo alari cum primariarum mediarum marginibus et tectricibus alarum maporibus (vittam formantibus ) albis: subtus albus vix ochracescens, gutture ferrugineo. Long. tota, 6°2, alee 3°2, caudee 2°5. Hab. 8. Brazil, Bahia (Sw.); Rio; S. Paolo (Licht.); Bolivia, Chiquitos (d Ord.). Genus XVI. TacuyrHonus. Tachyphonus, Vieill. Analyse, p. 33 age Pyrrota, Vieill. ibid. p. 45. Comarophagus, Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 974. Rostrum subconicum, compressum ; apice incurva, acuta et dentata ; commissura plus minusve sinuata et loba mediali interdum in- structa: ale modice, paulum rotundate, remigibus tertia, quarta et quinta longissimis ; secunda breviore quam quinta : cauda elongata, rotundata : sexus dissimiles : ptilosis marium nigra, faminarum brunnea. 1. TACHYPHONUS MELALEUCUS. Oriolus melaleucus, Sparm. Mus. Carls. pl. 31 (1787). Tanagra noir d Amérique, Buff. Pl. En). 179. fig. 2 (¢)-. Tanagra roux de Cayenne, ib. pl. 711 (¢). Tanagra nigerrima, Gm. 8. N. p. 899; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 534. Tanagra rufa, Bodd. Table d. Pl. Enl. (¢)-. - Oriolus leucopterus, Gm. 8. N. p. 392. Tachyphonus leucopterus, Vieill. N. D. d’H. N. xxxii. p. 358; Enc. Méth. p. 803; Gal. Ois. pl.82, p.113; d’Orb. Voy. p. 277; Gray, Gen. p. 365. Pyrrota leucoptera, Bp. Consp. p. 238. Tachyphonus nigerrimus, Sw. Quart. Journ. Sc. 1826, p. 62; Lafr. et d’Orb. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, p. 29; Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 669. Tordo de bosque negro cobijas blancas, Azara, Pax. no. 76. Tangara noir, Desm. Tan. pl. 45 (3) et 46 (¢). White-winged Oriole, Lath. G. H. i. p. 125, pl. 42. ne beauperthuyi, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxii. (1851), p- 82? Bc aden: tectricibus alarum summis et tectricibus inferi- oribus albis. rufescenti-brunnea; subtus paulo dilutior. Long. tota 7:0, alee 3°4, caudze 3:0. Hab. Cayenne; Guiana (Schomb.); Venezuela; Trinidad; To- bago (Kirk.); Bogota (Lewy in Mus. Paris); Pintobamba in Peru et Goyaz in Brazil (Cast. et Dev.) ; Brazil; Pernambuco (Sw.) ; _ Bahia (P. Maz.) ; Rio Grande do Sul (Plant.) ; Paraguay (dzara); Corrientes (@ Orb.). Mus. Brit., Paris., &c. No. DECK. --Puccuenercs OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 114 This seems one of the most common and widely distributed species of birds in Cisandean South America. There is some variation in the length and thickness of the bill, and amount of white on the wings. Prince Bonaparte has named a Venezuelan bird exhibiting some differences in these respects, Tachyphonus beauperthuii, but I have not recognized that species as distinct, because I have observed such differences in specimens brought from the same locality. 2. TACHYPHONUS VALERII. Pyrrota valeryi, J. et E. Verr. R. Z. 1855, p. 351. Unicolor ater : campteriis item nigris. Long. tota 2:1, ale 4:1, caudz 3°9. Hab. Central America. Mus. Paris. I have not seen this species. 3. TACHYPHONUS LUCTUOSUS. Tachyphonus luctuosus, Lafr. et d’Orb. Syn. Ay. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, p. 29. Pyranga luctuosa, @ Orb. Voy. p. 263, pl. 20. fig. 1 ¢.2 9. Tachyphonus tenuirostris, Gray, Gen. p. 365 ; Bp. Consp. p. 240. Lanio tenuirostris, Gray, Gen. App. p. 16. Ater: tectricibus alarum minoribus mediisque et tectricibus subalaribus albis. & supra virescens, uropygio flavescentiore, pileo cinerascentiore : subtus flavescens, gula pallide grisea. Long. tota 5-0, alee 2°5, caudze 2°1. Hab. Bolivia (d’ Orb.) ; Eastern Peru ; prov. Quixos in Ecuador ; Bogota; S. Martha; Trinidad ; Tobago (Kirt.). Mus. Brit., &e. 4, TACHYPHONUS CORONATUS. Tordo de bosque coronado y negro, Azara, Pax. no. 77. Agelaius coronatus, Vieill. N. D.d’H. N. xxxiv. p. 535, et Enc. Méth. p. 711 (1818). Tanagra corypheus, Licht. Verz. p. 31 (1824). Tachyphonus corypheus, Gray, Gen. p. 365 ; Hartl. Ind. Az. p. 5. Pyrrota corypheus, Bp. Consp. p. 238. Tachyphonus vigorsi, Sw. Quart. Journ. Sc. 1826, p.63; Jard. Ill. Orn. pl. 36. fig. 1. Tachyphonus coronatus, Sclater, Tan. Cat. Sp. p. 7. Ater : vertice medio ruberrimo : tectricibus alarum summis et tec- tricibus inferioribus albis. ? rufescenti-brunnea ; capite magis fusco : subtus paulo dilutior. Long. tota 7:0, alz 3-2, caudze 3-0. Hab. Paraguay (Azara) ; South Brazil (Sw.). Mus. Brit., Berol. 5. TACHYPHONUS SURINAMUS. Merula surinamensis, Briss. Orn. Suppl. vi. p. 46. a 115 Turdus surinamus, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 297. Tachyphonus surinamensis, Lafr. R. Z. 1846, p. 202 ; Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxii. p. 81. Tanagra cristata, Gm. 8. N. p. 898 (partim). Tachyphonus cristatus, Vieill. N. D. 7H. N. xxxii. p.356, et Enc. Méth. p. 802 (partim). Tanagra martialis, Temm. Analyse, p. Lxv. Tanagra desmaresti, Sw. Quart. Journ. Sc. 1826, p. 67. Tachyphonus ochropygos, Cab. Schomb. Reis. iii. p. 668. Lanio cristata, Bp. Consp. 241 (partim). Tangara huppé de la Guyane, Buff. Pl. Enl. 301. fig. 2. Le Houpette, adulte, Desm. Tan. pl. 47. Surinam Thrush, Lath. G. H. v. p. 150. Sericeo-ater : tectricibus alarum minoribus et tectricibus sub- alaribus albis: fronte nigra: pileo medio cristato aurescenti- fulvo : dorso postico dilutiore fulvo : hypochondriis imis casta- neis. @ supra olivacea; capite cinereo : pileo medio olivaceo : ciliis et regione oculari flavis: subtus pallide fulva, crisso flavescentiore. Long. tota 6-0, alee 3°5, caudz 3°2. Hab. Cayenne ; Brit. Guiana (Schomb.) ; Guia on the Rio Negro (Wallace). Mus. Brit., Paris., &c. 6. TACHYPHONUS CRISTATUS. Tangara hupe de Cayenne, Buff. Pl. Enl. 7. fig. 2. Tangara Cayennensis nigra cristata, Briss. Orn. Supp. p. 65. Tanagra cristata, Gm. S. N. p. 898; Max. Beitr. iil. 474. Tachyphonus cristatus, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xxxii. p. 356, et Enc. Méth. p. 802 (partim) ; Sw. Quart. Journ. Se. 1826, p.66; Schomb. Guian. iii. 668; Gray’s Gen. p. 365. Lanio cristatus, Vieill. N. D. dH. N. 1846, p. 203; Enc. Méth. p- 740; Lafr. R. Z. 1846, p. 203. sp. 2et 5; Gray, Gen. p. 364; Bp. Consp. p. 240 (partim). Tanagra brunnea, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 37. pl. 49. fig. 2 (¢). Tanagra gubernatrix, Temm. Tab. Meth. p. 30. Lanio vieillotii, Lafr. R. Z. 1846, p. 204. Houpette, jeune dge, Desm. Tan. pl. 48. Crested Tanager, Lath. G. H. vi. p. 11. Ater: pileo toto ecristato ruberrimo: gula et dorso postico pallide fulvis : tectricibus alarum minoribus et tectricibus infe- rioribus albis. 2 cinnamomescenti-brunnea, subtus dilutior. Long. tota 6-5, ale 3°1, caudz 3-0. Hab. Cayenne ; Brit. Guiana (Schomb.); Brazil; New Grenada, Bogota. Mus. Brit., Paris., &ce. 7. TACHYPHONUS RUFIVENTER. Tanagra rufiventer, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 37. pl. 50. fig. 1. 116 Tachyphonus rufiventer, Strickl. Cont. Orn. 1850, p. 49. pl. 50. Tachyphonus serrirostris, Strickl. MS. Ater : pileo medio et uropygio flavescenti-brunneis : gulari stria et abdomine toto pallide brunneis, hoc medialiter in castaneum transeunte: tectricibus alarum superioribus et inferioribus albis. Long. tota 6°5, alee 3°2, caudze 2°75. Hab. Eastern provinces of Peru, Sarayacu (Cast. et Dev.) ; Cha- micurros (Hawawell). 8. TACHYPHONUS DELATTRII. Tachyphonus delattrii, Lafr. R. Z. 1847, p.72; Gray’s Gen. App. p.17; Bp. Consp. p. 237. Fusco-niger : crista verticali nitide fulvo-aurantia. Long. tota 5°8, alee 2°8, caudz 2°5. Hab. North-western coast of New Grenada, S. Bonaventura (De- lattre), Gorgona (Capt. Kellett). Mus. Brit. et Acad. Philadelph. 9. TACHYPHONUS PHG@NICEUS. Tachyphonus pheniceus, Sw. An. in Men. p. 311; Gray’s Gen. p- 365; Bp. Consp. p. 237. Tachyphonus saucius, Strickl. Ann. Nat. Hist. xiii. 419. Tanagra leucocampter. Licht. in Mus. Berol. Chalybeo-niger: tectricibus alarum superioribus albis, rubro mar- ginatis, inferioribus omnino albis. ¢ supra nigrescenti-brun- nea, subtus clarior, cinerascens. Long. tota 5°5, alee 2°9, caudee 2°6. Hab. Interior of Brazil, Borba (Natterer). Mus. Berolinensi et Vindobiensi. 10. TACHYPHONUS XANTHOPYGIUS. Tachyphonus xanthopygius, Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1854, p. 158. pl. 69 (¢), et 1855, p. 83. pl. 90 (¢). Lanio auritus, DuBus, Bull. Ac. Brux. xxii. p. 153 (1855). Niger : tergo flavo: fascicula post-superciliari coccinea : carpo summo dilute flavo: tectricibus subalaribus albis. ? nigro- cinerea, subtus dilutior, tergo flavo: carpo summo et tectri- cibus subalaribus albis. Long. tota 6°1, alee 3°5, caudee 2°5. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota. Mus. Brit. Genus XVII. TricHOTHRAUPIS. Trichothraupis, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 23 (1851). Rostrum Tachyphoni sed haud sinuatum, basi dilatatd, dente finali minus distineto ; rictu setoso: ale modice, rotundate, 117 remigibus tertia et quarta longissimis, secunda autem quintam superante : cauda modica, rotundata. 1. TRICHOTHRAUPIS QUADRICOLOR. Tachyphonus quadricolor, Vieill. N. D. @H. N. xxxii. p. 359; ~ Ene. Méth p. 803; Gray, Gen. p. 365; Bp. Consp. p. 237. Lindo pardo copete amarillo, Azara, no. 101 (unde). Muscicapa melanops, Vieill. N.D.d@?H.N. xxi. p. 452, et Ene. Méth. p. 827. Tanagra auricapilla, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. pl. 52. fig. 1 (3), 2(2), p-39; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 538. Muscicapa galeata, Licht. Doubl. p. 56. Tachyphonus suchii, Sw. Quart. Journ. Sc. 1826, p. 66. Trichothraupis quadricolor, Cab. M. H. p. 23. Supra brunnescenti-olivacea, pileo cristato medialiter flavo : fronte, oculorum ambitu et alis caudaque nigris: vitta alart interna rectricum basin transeunte et tectricibus subalaribus albis: subtus pallide rufescenti-fulua. ? mari similis, sed erista flava et facie nigra carens. Long. tota 6°2; alee 3:2, caudee 2°9. Hab. Brazil, Bahia (Maz.); Rio (Spiz) ; San Paolo (Licht.); Paraguay (Azar.). Mus. Brit., Paris., Berol., &c. Genus XVIII. Evcomertis. Comarophagus, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxii. p. 81 (nec Boié). Rostrum Tachyphoni sed commissura vie sinuata : ale elongate, remigibus tertia, quarta et quinta longissimis : cauda elongata, rotundata : ptilosis olivacea : sexus similes. 1. EUCOMETIS PENICILLATA. Tanagra penicillata, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 36. pl. 49. fig. 1. Tachyphonus penicillatus, Gray, Gen. p. 365 ; Bp. Consp. p. 237. Flavo-brunnescenti-olivacea, uropygio clariore : capite toto cine- rascente, crista elongata, alba, cinerascente marginuta ; subtus saturate aurantio-flava ; gutture albo, cinereo lavato : rostro pallide corneo : pedibus brunneis. Long. tota 7:0, alze 3°5, caudee 31. Hab. Brazil (?) (Spix) ; Cayenne; Surinam (Mus. Senckenb.). Mus. Senckenb. et P. L.S. This seems to be the species of this curious form which has the crest most developed, and from its locality the most likely to be what Spix intended by his Tanagra penicillata. I have seen several examples of it, which I have no doubt from their preparation were Cayenne skins. 2. EUCOMETIS ALBICOLLIS. Pyranga albicollis, Lafr. et d’Orb. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, 118 p.33; d’Orb. Voy. p. 265. pl. 26. fig. 2; Gray, Gen. p. 264; Bp. Consp. p. 241. Trichothraupis albicollis, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 23 (note). Olivacea, uropygio flavescente: capite et collo sordide griseis : gutture albo: abdomine flavo: mandibula pallida: mawilla cornea. Hab. Bolivia, Chiquitos (d’ Oré.). Mus. Paris. 3. EUCOMETIS CRISTATA. Pipilopsis cristata, DuBus, Bull. Ac. Brux. xxxii. p. 154 (1855). Trichothraupis penicillata, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1855, p. 156. Flavo-brunnescenti-olivacea, uropygio clariore: capite cristato toto cum gutture cineraceis, sed gula dilutiore : abdomine au- rantio-flavo : rostro nigricanti-corneo, pedibus pallide brunneis. Long. tota 7°0, alee 3°5, caudz 3:0. Hab. New Grenada, S. Martha (Verreaux); Cartagena et Carac- cas (Mus. Paris.) ; Nicaragua (Delattre). Mus. Paris. This bird seems to differ from the one I have called penicillata in its shorter crest, which is not white at the base, darker cinereous throat, rather more yellowish belly and blacker bill. In my list of Bogota birds I called it penicillata, not having then noticed its apparent distinctness. Genus XIX. Lanio. Lanio, Vieill. Analyse, p. 40 (1816). Pogonothraupis, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 669 (1848). Rostrum rectum, compressum; mandibula superiore dentata, forti- ter uncinata et loba mediali instructa: ale elongate, remigibus tertia et quarta longissimis: cauda elongata, rotundata : ptilosis marium aurantiaca et nigra, feminarum brunnea. 1. LANIO ATRICAPILLUS. Tang. jaune a téte noire, Buff. Pl. Enl. 809. fig. 2. Tanagra atricapilla, Gm. 8. N. p. 898. Lanius aurantius, Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. p. 79? Lanio atricapillus, Vieill. N. D. @H.N. xxii. p.305; Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 741; Gal. Ois. pl. 138. p.223; Gray, Gen. p. 364; Bp. Consp. Av. p. 240. ' Pogonothraupis atricapilla, Cab. in Schomb. Reis. iii. p. 669. Ferruginolento-flavus, pectore in castaneum transeunte: capite toto et cervice undique cum alis caudaque nigris: tectricibus alarum minoribus et tectricibus subalaribus albis. 92 fusco- brunnea unicolor ; subtus paulo dilutior. Long. tota 6°8, alee 2°7, caudee 2°1. Hab. Cayenne ; British Guiana (Schomb.) ; New Grenada, Bogota. Mus. Brit., Paris. 119 2. LANIO VERSICOLOR. Tachyphonus versicolor, Lafr. et d’Orb. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, p. 28. Pyranga versicolor, @ Orb. Voy. p. 262. pl. 19. fig. 1. Lanio versicolor, Lafr. R. Z. 1846, p. 203; Gray, Gen. p. 364 ; Bp. Consp. p. 240. Flavus, dorso brunnescentiore: capite toto et gula cum alis caudaque nigris: tectricibus alarum superioribus omnino albis. 2 flavo-brunnea unicolor, cauda rufescente : ventre flavescente. Hab. Bolivia, Yuracares (d’ Ord.). Mus. Paris., Lafresnayano. Obs. Afinis Lanioni atricapillo sed statura minore, dorso imo et colli lateribus flavescentibus, tectricibus alarum omnino albis, et corpore subtus flavescentiore distinguendus. 3. LANIO AURANTIUS. Lanio aurantius, Lafr. R.Z. 1846, p.204; Gray, Gen. App. p.16; Bp. Consp. p. 240. Flavissimus: capite toto cum gula et alis caudaque nigris: tectri- cibus alarum minoribus albis: plaga magna pectorali ferruginea. ? supra brunnea, uropygio flavicante: capite et collo postico ochracescentibus : gula fusca: abdomine fiavo ; crisso brunnes- centiore: tectricibus subalaribus griseis. Long. tota 8°0, alee 3:9, caudz 3°5. Hab. Honduras (Dyson) ; S. Mexico, Orizaba (Sal/é). Mus. Brit., Lafresnayano. Genus XX. PH@NICOTHRAUPIS. Phenicothraupis, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 24 (1851). Rostrum forte, elongatum, rectum, subconicum, compressum, com- missura non sinuata; dente finali distincto : ale longe, remi- gibus tertia, quarta et quinta longissimis, sexta secundam supe- rante: cauda longa, rotundata : ptilosis marium rubra, foemi- narum brunnea. 1. PH@NICOTHRAUPIS RUBICA. Habia roziza, Azara, no. 85. Saltator rubicus, Vieill. N. D. dH. N. xiv. p. 107; Enc. Meth. p-792; Lafr. et d’Orb. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, p. 36; Gray, Gen. p. 363; Hartl. Ind. Az. p. 6. Tanagra flammiceps, Temm. Pl. Col. 177 ; Max. Beitr. iii. 597. Tanagra porphyrio, Licht. Verz. d. Doubl. p.31. Pyranga rubica, d Orb. Voy. p. 265. Phenicothraupis rubiea, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 24: Sclater, Ann. N. H. xiv. p. 24. Fusco-rubescens fere unicolor: cauda elariore: pileo cristato medialiter coccineo: capitis lateribus obscurioribus: rostro nigrescenti-plumbeo : pedibus pallidis. (°) pallide fusco-brun- nea unicolor ; subtus dilutior. Long. tota 7°2, alee 3:9, caudee 3°7. 120 Hab. South-east Brazil (P. Mazx.); Paraguay (dzara); Bolivia, Guarayos and Yuracares (d’Ord.). Mus. Brit., &e. 2. PH@NICOTHRAUPIS RUBRA. Tachyphonus ruber, Vieill. N. D. @H.N. xxxii. p.359; Ene. Méth. p. 804. Phen. rubica ex ins. Trinit., Sclater, Ann. N. H. xiv., p. 24. Fusco-rubescens ; subtus clarior; abdomine et cauda roseo in- dutis : crista mediali coccinea : rostro fusco-plumbeo : pedibus pallide brunneis. Long. tota 6°8, alee 3°7, caudee 3°0. Hab. Trinidad. Mus. P. L. S. This bird is rather smaller than the South Brazilian species, and may be distinguished from it by its brighter and more rosy colouring below, shorter tail and paler feet. I have only seen specimens from the island of Trinidad. 3. PH@NICOTHRAUPIS RUBICOIDES. Saltator rubicoides, Lafr. R. Z. 1844, p. 41. Phenicothraupis rubicoides, Cab. M. H. p. 24; Sclater, Ann. N.H. xiv.j peda. Pyranga ignicapilla, Licht. in Mus. Berol. (2). Pyranga quajacina, Licht. in Mus. Berol. (2). Supra fusco-rubescens, cauda dorso concolore: subtus pectore toto multo clariore, ruberrimo: crista mediali verticis coccinea: rostro nigro-plumbeo: pedibus pallide brunneis. 3 pallide Susco-brunnea, subtus dilutior, gutture pallidiore. ; Long. tota 7°5, ale 4:0, caudze 3°75. Hab. S. Mexico, Papantla (Mus. Berol.); Cordova (Sallé) ; Guatimala (Mus. H.E.S.); 8. Martha (Verr.). Mus. Brit., Berol., Lafresnayano, H.E.S. This bird may be recognized by its tail being of the same colour as the back, not brighter, as in the Brazilian species, and the scarlet breast. My examples were collected by Signor Constancia in the vicinity of Guatimala. Specimens received by MM. Verreaux from S. Martha, New Grenada, to which I have seen the MS. name “ P, erythrolaimus, Bp.” attached, appear hardly different from the Mexican bird. 4, PH@NICOTHRAUPIS GUTTURALIS. Phenicothraupis gutturalis, Sclater, Ann. N. H. xiv. (1854), p. 25.2 PZ. 8. 1895, p. 156: Niger: vertice cristato cum gutture medio coccineis : rostro pedi- busque nigris. Long. tota 7°25, ale 3°8, caudee 3:2. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota. Mus. Brit., Paris. 121 Since describing this species, I have seen several other specimens of it in the Paris Museum, transmitted from Bogota by M. Fon- tanier in 1853. Genus XXI. Lamprores. Lamprotes, Sw. Class. Birds, ii. 283 (1837). Sericossypha, Less. Echo d. M. 8. 1844, p. 382. Rostrum Orthogonydis sed paulo fortius: ale elongate, remige prima longa et viv breviore quam sequentibus: cauda brevius- cula, rotundata : tarsi breves et sicut pedes robustissimi ; ungues acutissimi: ptilosis aureo-nitens, marium rubro varie- gata, feeminarum unicolor. a. Lamprotes. 1. LAMPROTES LORICATUS. Tanagra loricata, Licht. Verz. d. Doubl. p. 31 (1823), (?); Bp. Consp. p. 237. Saltator niger, Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 794 (jun. ’). Tanagra rubricollis, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 43. Tanagra rubrigularis, Spix, ib. p. 43. Lamprotes rubrigularis, Sw. Class. ii. 283. Lamprotes rujicollis, Gray, Gen. p. 362. Tachyphonus loricatus, Gray, |. c. Tanagra bonariensis, Max. Beitr. iii. 530. Lamprotes loricatus, Sclater, Tan. Cat. Sp. p. 8. Fulgenti-ater, gutture et jugulo medialiter rubris. ? unicolor atra, gutture concolore. Long. tota 8°5, ale 4-6, caudze 3-0. Hab. South-east Brazil, Bahia (Maz.). Mus. Brit., Paris., &c. b. Sericossypha. 2. LAMPROTES ALBICRISTATUS. Lamprotes albocristatus, Lafr. R.Z. 1843, p. 132; Lafr.. Mag. de Zool. 1844, pl.50; Gray, Gen. p. 362. Sericossypha sumptuosa, Less. Echo d. M. 8. 1844, p. 382; Less. Descr. d. Mamm. et Ois. p. 354. Velutino-ater: alis caudaque eneo fulgentibus: pileo niveo : gutture et jugulo sanguinolente purpureis. Long. tota 9°3, alee 5:5, caudee 4:0. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota (Lewy) ; S. Martha (Fontanier). Mus. Brit., Paris. Some examples of this splendid bird have the throat much more red, almost scarlet. I have not yet seen the female, which would probably have the throat black. Genus XXII. Orruoconys. Orthogonys, Strickl. Ann. Nat. Hist. xiii. (1844), p. 421. 122 Cyanicterus, Bp. Consp. p. 240 (1850). Rostrum elongatum, compressiusculum, culmine obtuse carinato et regulariter curvato; gonyde rectissima nec ascendente: ale modice, remigibus secunda, tertia et quarta fere equalibus, prima breviore quam quinta : cauda rotundata: tarsi breves. 1. ORTHOGONYS VIRIDIS. Tanagra viridis, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. pl. 48, fig. 2. Orthogonys viridis, Strickl. Ann. N. H. xiii. p. 421; Bp. Consp. p. 531. Lamprotes viridis, Gray, Gen. p. 362. Tanagra vegeta, Licht. in Mus. Berol. (3 et 2 ?) Supra olivaceo-viridis, subtus flavus, lateraliter olivas- centior : rostro nigro, pedibus pallide brunneis. Long. tota 8°0, alee 3°7, caudee 3°5. Hab. South Brazil, Rio (Spiz). Mus. Brit., Paris., &e. I have seen many examples of this bird, all similar, from Brazilian collections, and therefore conclude the sexes are alike, although the colouring is what one would suppose to be that of a female bird. 2. ORTHOGONYS CYANICTERUS. Pyranga cyanictera, Vieill. N. D. dH. N. xxviii. p. 290 (¢ jun.) ; Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 798; Vieill. Gal. Ois. pl. 81. p.112; Gray, Gen. p. 364. Pyranga icteropus, Vieill. N. D. d’H. N. xxviii. p. 291; Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 799; Puch. Arch. Mus. Par. vii. p. 356. Tachyphonus chloricterus, Vieill. N. D. @H. N. xxxii. p. 360 (2); et Enc. Méth. p.804?? Puch. Arch. Mus. Par. vii. p. 379. Tachyphone a épaulettes bleues, Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 463 (2); Puch. Arch. Mus. Par. vii. p. 378. pl. xxii. Cyanicterus venustus, Bp. Consp. p. 240. Orthogonys cyanicterus, Sclater, Tan. Cat. Sp. p. 8. Supra lete ceruleus: infra gutture toto ad medium pectus ceruleo, abdomine flavo: rostro nigro, pedibus flavis. (2 ) supra viridis ceruleo tincta: corpore subtus cum loris et oculorum ambitu flavis : rostro pallido : pedibus flavis. Long. tota 7°75, alz 3-5. Hab. Cayenne (Poiteau, 1822, Mus. Par.). Mus. Brit., Paris., Lugdunensi, Lafresnayano. There are pairs of this singular Tanager (marked ¢ and ?) in the Paris, British, and Leyden Musuems, but I have rarely met with it elsewhere. I consider it certainly congeneric with the Brazilian O. viridis. The only question is, whether that may not be the female of a corresponding brightly-coloured species. I may observe, that if the birds had not been marked as pairs in the collections above-cited, I should probably have considered the female as speci- fically distinct. : 123 Genus XXIII. Pyranea. Pyranga, Vieill. Analyse, p. 32 (1816). Pheenisoma, Sw. Class. Birds, ii. p. 284 (1837). Rostrum subrectum, subconicum, cylindricum, culmine modice in- curvo, apice dentata, maxilla loba mediali plerumque instructa : ale elongate, remigibus quatuor primis fere equalibus, sed secunda et tertia paulo longioribus : cauda modica, subquadrata : ptilosis marium coccinea, feeminarum flava aut flavo-virens. 1. PyRANGA RUBRA. Tanagra rubra, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 314; Wils. Am. Orn. i. pl. 11. fig. 3,4; Aud. Or. Biogr. iv. p. 388. et Am. Orn. pl. 354. fig.3 6,4 ¢. Pyranga rubra, Sw. North. Zool. ii. p. 273; Aud. Syn. p. 136; Jard. Wils. Am. Orn. i. p. 192; Aud. 8vo. ed. iii. p. 226. pl. 209; Gray, Gen. p. 364; Bp. Consp. p. 241; Sclater, P. Z.S. 1855, . 156. " Pyranga erythromelas, Vieill. N. D. dH. N. xxviii. p. 293. et Enc. Méth. p. 800. Phenisoma rubra, Sw. Class. i. p. 284. Tangara du Mewique, Buff. Pl. Enl. 127. fig. 1 (¢). Tangara du Canada, Buff. Pl. Enl. 156. fig. 1 (3); Desm. Tan. 1:34. F Red Tanager, Lath. G. H. vi. p. 5. Coccinea, alis caudaque nigris. $ olivacea, subtus flavescens, alis caudaque fuscis. Long. tota 6°7, alze 3°8, caudze 2°8. Hab. North America from Texas to Lake Huron, summer migrant (Aud., Wils., &e.); Texas (Sitgreaves); Mexico (Bullock); Antilles, Cuba (@ Orb.) (Poey) ; Jamaica (Gosse) ; New Grenada, Bogota. Mus. Brit., Paris., &e. 2. PYRANGA ZSTIVA. Muscicapa rubra, Linn. S. N. i. p. 326? Tanagra estiva, Gm. 8. N. 889; Wils. Am. Orn. pl. 6. fig. 3; Aud. Orn. Biogr. i. p. 232. et Am. Orn. pl. 44. 3 et 2. Lovia virginica, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 849 (2). Tanagra variegata, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 421 (¢ juv.). Tanagra mississipiensis, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 889. Pyranga estiva, Vieill, N. D. @H. N. xxviii. p. 291. et Enc. Méth. p. 799; Aud. Syn. p.136; Jard. Wils. Orn. i. p. 95; Aud. 8vo. ed. iii. p. 222. pl. 268; Bp. P. Z.S. 1837, p. 117; Gray, Gen. p- 364; Bp. Consp. p. 241; Sclater, P. Z.S. 1855, p. 156. Pheenisoma estiva, Sw. Class. ii. p. 284. Tangara de Mississippi, Buff. Pl. Enl. 741; Desm. Tan. pl. 32 et 33. Summer Tanager, Lath. G. H. vi. p. 8. Rosaceo-coccinea, dorso toto paulo obscuriore; rostro pallide 124 corneo, tomiis et apice pallescentibus. $ olivacea, subtus flaves- centior. Long. tota 6°5, alze 3°8, caudze 2°8. Hab. North America, from Texas to Massachussetts, and in the interior to Canada (Aud., &c.); Texas (Sitgreaves) ; Mexico, Cor- dova (Sallé) ; Guatimala (Constancia), (Bp.); Antilles, Cuba (de la Sagra), (Poey) ; Jamaica (Gosse) ; Chiriqui (Bridges); New Gre- nada, Bogota. Mus. Brit., Paris., &c. 3. PyRANGA SAIRA. Habia punzé, Azara, Pax. no. 88 (unde), Saltator ruber, Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 793 (2). Habia amarilia, Azara, Pax. no. 87 (unde), Saltator flavus, Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 791 (?). Tanagra mississipiensis, Licht. Verz. d. Doubl. p.30; P. Max. Beitr. iii. p. 521. Tanagra saira, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. pl. 48. fig. 1. Pyranga mississipiensis, Lafr. et d Orb. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, p. 31. _ Pyranga azare, @Orb. Voy. p. 264; Bp. Consp. p. 241; Gray, Gen. p. 364. Pheenisoma azare, Tsch. F. P. p. 206; Schomb. Reise, iii. p. 668 ; Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 25. Rubro-coccinea, dorso toto et cauda obscurioribus : rostro eyanes- centi-plumbeo, tomiis pallidioribus : pedibus nigris. $ flaves- centi-olivacea : superciliis et corpore subtus flavis. Long. tota 8°0, alze 3-9, caudze 2°9. Hab. British Guiana (Schomé.); Brazil; Rio; Bahia and Minas (Maz.) ; 8. Paolo (Licht.) ; Paraguay (Azar.); Bolivia (d Orb.) ; Buenos Ayres (¢ Orb.) ; East Peru (Tsch.). Mus. Berol., Brit., &c. This bird is clearly distinct from the North American P. estiva upon an accurate comparison. It is of quite a different red, being much brighter; the bill is larger and of a dark plumbeous, not horn colour, and the feet are nearly black. As I find that Spix’s 7. saira, of which I have seen the type at Munich, is the female of this bird, I have thought it right to use that name for it, as first given, instead of the usually adopted azare. 4. PyRANGA HEPATICA. Pyranga hepatica, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 438. Phenisoma hepaticum, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 25. Pyranga dentata, Licht. in Mus. Berol. Pyranga azarae, Sitgreaves’ Rep. Exp. p. 82? Supra cinerascenti-rubra; capite summo et corpore subtus coc- cineis, lateribus cinerascentibus: rostro nigro-plumbeo, pedibus nigro-brunneis. ? olivacea: pileo flavescentiore : subtus flava, lateraliter olivascens. Long. tota 8°0, ale 4:1, caude 3-0. Hab. Mexico, Real del Monte (Bullock) ; Orizaba (Botteri). 125 This Mexican species is quite different from the saira and estiva, being larger in size and greyish-red above. I have never observed it except in collections from Mexico. I think the P. azare, noticed in Sitgreaves’ ‘Report of the Zuni and Colorado Rivers Expedition,’ is very likely to be this bird, as the saira (azare) does not range nearly so far north. 5. PyRANGA LUDOVICIANA. Tanagra ludoviciana, Wils. Am. Orn. pl. 20. fig. 1; Aud. Orn. Biogr. iv. p. 385. et v. p. 90; Am. Orn, pl. 354. fig. 1. 2 (¢), et 400. fig. 4 (2). Pyranga ludoviciana, Bp. P. Z. 8. 1837, p. 117; Aud. Syn. p. 137. et Am. Orn. 8vo. ed. iii. pl. 210. p. 231; Gray, Gen. p. 364; Bp. Consp. p. 241. Tanagra columbiana, Jard. Wils. i. p. 317. Pyranga erythropis, Vieill. N. D. dH. N. xxviii. p. 291. et Ene. Méth. 799. Flava, interseapulio, alis et cauda nigris: alis flavo et flavicanti- albo bivittatis: capite et gutture undique coccineo indutis. ? olivacea, subtus flava, alarum vittis et secundariorum margine externa apicali albis. Long. tota 6°7, ale 3-9, caudee 2°9. Hab. North America, Platte river and Columbia river (4ud.) ; Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri); Guatimala (Constancia) (Bp.); San Blas (Kellett). Mus. Brit., Derbiano. 6. PyRANGA ERYTHROCEPHALA. Spermagra erythrocephala, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 437. Pyranga cucullata, Du Bus, Bull. Ac. Brux. xiv. pt. 2. p- 105 (1847); R. Z. 1848, p. 245; Bp. Consp. p. 241; Gray, Gen. App. EtG. : Pyranga erythrocephala, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 178. et Note s. 1. Tang. p. 29. Olivaceo-viridis, subtus flavescens: capite toto et gula coccineis: maxilla medialiter non dentata. Long. tota 6:0, ale 3:0, caudee 2°7. Hab. Mexico, Temiscaltipec (Bullock). _Mus. Derbiano. 7. PyYRANGA RUBRICEPS. Pyranga rubriceps, Gray, Gen. p. 364. pl. 89; Bp. R. Z. 1851, p- 178. et Note s. 1. Tang. p. 29; Sclater, P. Z.S. 1855, p. 156. Pyranga erythrocephala, Gray, Gen. App. p. 16 (err.); Bp. Consp. p- 241. Pyranga pyrrhocephala, Massena, MS. Supra olivacea; alis caudaque nigris, cauda et secundariis 126 olivaceo limbatis: tectricibus superioribus flavis : capite toto cum cervice undique et pectore coccineis: abdomine flavo. Long. tota 6°7, ale 3°7, caudze 3-0. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota. Mus. Brit., Paris. 8. PyRANGA ERYTHROMELANA. Tanagra erythromelas, Licht. Preis-Verz. d. Saiig. u. Vog. no. 69 (1831). Pyranga leucoptera, Trudeau, Journ. Phil. viii. 160. 1837; Bp. Consp. p. 241. Pyranga bivittata, Lafr. R. Z. 1842, p.70; Gray, Gen. p. 364. Coccinea : fronte et lateribus capitis cum mento summo alis caudaque nigris : interscapulio partim nigro: alis albo bivit- tatis. § flavo-olivascens, subtus flava, alis et cauda nigris : ulis albo bwittatis. Long. tota 5°7, alee 2°9, caudee 2:2. Hab. South Mexico, Lagunas (Deppe, in Mus. Berol.) ; Orizaba ( Botteri, in Mus. Brit.) ; Xalapa (Cab.) ; Cordova (Sallé) ; Guati- mala (Constancia, in Mus. H. E. S.). Mus. Brit. Berolinensi. 9. PyRANGA ARDENS. Pheenisoma ardens, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, p. 207. Phenisoma bivittatum, Tsch. F. P. p. 207; Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 24. Pyranga erythromelas, Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1855, p. 156. Coccineus: loris, alis et cauda nigris: alis albo bivittatis. ? flavo-olivascens, subtus flava: alis (albo bivittatis) et eauda nigris. Long. tota 5-7, alee 3°0, caudee 2°4. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota; Venezuela, Cariana near Cariaca (Dyson) ; north-east wood-region of Peru (Tsch.). Mus. Brit., Paris., Derbiano, &c. This South American bird has not the black front and chin of the Mexican P. erythromelana, with which it is generally united, and has less appearances of black between the wings. If these differences are constant, as they appear to be in all the specimens which I have access to at present, the two species may be rightly regarded as distinct. Lafresnaye gives no locality for his P. divittata, but his descrip- tion is rather more applicable to the Mexican bird, and Tschudi’s ‘ ardens’ seems the only term left for the South American form. 10. PyRANGA BIDENTATA. Pyranga bidentata, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 428; Gray, Gen. p- 364; Bp. Consp. p. 241. Pyranga sanguinolenta, Lafr. R. Z. 1839, p.97; Gray, Gen. p- 364; Bp. Consp. p. 241. Pheenisoma bidentatum, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 24. ————— 127 Dilute coccinea : interscapulio pallide flavescenti-brunneo, nigro variegato : secundariorum et tectricum alarium apicibus albo maculatis, his maculis sanguineo tinctis. Long. tota 7°5, alee 3°75, caudee 3°25. Hab. Mexico, Temiscaltepee (Bullock) ; Xalapa (Mus. Berol.). Mus. Berol., Eytoni. Genus XXIV. Rampuoce.uvs. Ramphocelus, Desm. Tang. et Man. p. 5 (1805). Ramphopis, Vieill. Analyse, p. 32 (1816). Jacapa, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 178. Rostrum subbreve, mandibule inferioris basi dilatata et quasi quadriformi: ale breves, remigibus tertia, quarta et quinta longissimis: cauda rotundata: ptilosis marium velutino-coccinea aut purpurea, feeminarum brunnea, aut olivaceo-flava. a. Ramphocelus. 1. RaMPHOCELUS BRASILIUsS. Tanagra brasilia, Linn. S. N. i. p- 314; Max. Beitr. ii. 515-; Du Bois, Orn. Gal. pl. 124. Ramphocelus coccineus, Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 796. et Gal. Ois. 1: 79. : ; Ramphopis coccinea, Sw. Orn. Dr. pl. 18 (3). 9 (2). ‘ Ramphopis brasilia, Gray, Gen. p. 363. Ramphocelus brasilius, Bp. Consp. p. 242. Tangara du Mexique appellée Cardinal, Buff. Pl. Enl. 127. tig. 1. 3 (fig. pess.). Ramphocele searlatte, Desm. Tan. pl. 28 (3). 29 (¢). Brazilian Tanager, Lath. G. H. vi. p.3. Velutino-coccineus ; alis, caudaque et tibiis nigris ; rostro nigro- plumbeo, mandibule inferioris basi alba. 2 fusco-brunnea ; uropygio et abdomine erubescenti-brunneis. Long. tota 7°5, alee 3-2, caude 3:2. Hab. South-east Brazil; Rio; Bahia, common (P. Maz.). Mus. Brit., Paris., &e. 2. RAMPHOCELUS DORSALIS. Ramphocelus dorsalis, Bp. MS. ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p- 97. Coceineus: dorso inter alas obscuriore : alis caudaque nigris : tibiis brunneis: rostro nigro-plumbeo, mandibule inferioris basi alba. $ fusco-brunnea: uropygio et abdomine erubescenti- brunneis. Long. tota 7°5, alee 3°2, caudee 3-2. Hab. South-east Brazil, Rio and Pernambuco (J. V. erreaua). The characters that separate this species from the last are cer- tainly slight, but I think it is very possible that they may be really distinct. 128 3. RAMPHOCELUS NIGRIGULARIS. Tanagra nigrogularis, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. pl. 47. p. 35. Tanagra ignescens, Less. Cent. Zool. pl. 24. Ramphopis nigrigularis, Sw. Orn. Dr. pl. 17; Gray, Gen. p. 363. Ramphocelus nigrigularis, Bp. P. Z.S. 1837, p. 121; Bp. Consp. p- 242. Coccineus : regione oculari cum gula summa, interscapulio, alis caudaque, et ventre medio cum crissi dimidio inferiore sericeo- aterrimis: rostro nigro-plumbeo, mandibule inferioris basi alba. ? mari similis sed valde obscurior et colore nigro brunnescente. Long. tota 6°7, alee 3-2, caudze 3:0. Hab. Upper Amazon (Spiz); Barra do Rio Negro (Wallace) ; Sarayacgu on the Ucayali (Hawzwell). Mus. Brit., Paris., &c. b. Jacapa. 4. RaAMPHOCELUS JACAPA. Tanagra jacapa, Linn. S. N. i. p. 313. Le.bec d argent, Buff. H. N. iv. p. 259. Tang. pourpré de Cayenne, Buff. Pl. Enl. 128. fig. 1 et 2. Tanagra albirostris, Bodd. Tabl. d. Pl. Enl. Ramphocelus purpureus, Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 796. Ramphopis atrococeineus, Sw. Orn. Dr. pl. 20; Schomb. Reise, iii. 668. Ramphocelus jacapa, Less. R. Z. 1840, p. 132; Bp. Consp. p. 241. Ramphopis jacapa, Gray, Gen. p. 363. sp. 1. Ramphocele bee d argent, Desm. Tan. pl. 30 (2). 31 (2). Red-breasted Tanager, Lath. G. H. vi. p.2; Edwards, Glean. pl. 267. Sericeo-ater, capite toto et corpore subtus sanguinolente pur- purascentibus: dorso eodem colore tincto: ventre crissoque obscurioribus: alis caudaque nigerrimis brunneo tinctis : rostro et pedibus nigris: mandibule inferioris basi argentescenti- plumbea. ? fusco-brunnea, alis caudaque obscurioribus : uro- pygio et corpore subtus erubescentibus: rostro toto brunnes- centi-corneo. Long. tota 6°5, alee 3-1, caudze 2°9. Hab. British Guiana (Schomb.); Lower Amazon (Wallace) ; Cayenne. Mus. Brit., &e. 5. RAMPHOCELUS UNICOLOR, sp. nov. Sanguinolente purpurascens fere unicolor: alis caudaque nigris brunneo tinctis : rostro nigro, mandibule inferioris basi plum- bea: pedibus nigerrimis. Long. tota 6-0, alz 3:1, caudz 2:9. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota. Mus. Brit. & P. L. S. 129 I have two Bogota skins of this bird. It comes very close to R. jacapa, of which it is doubtless the New Grenadian represen- tative. But it is of the same dark sanguineous purple above as below, while R. jacapa has the back almost black, just glossed with that colour. Its bill is of the same size as in the jacapa, but the base of the lower mandible is not so bright. 6. RAMPHOCELUS MAGNIROSTRIS. Ramphocelus magnirostris, Lafr. R. Z. 1853, p. 243. Similis R. jacapze, sed crassitie paulo majore, rostro majore, longiore, et colore pectoris clariore differt. Hab. Trinidad. Mus. Brit. I have seen many examples of this bird from the island of Trinidad. It certainly seems to have the beak always larger than the Cayenne bird, but this feature varies a little, some individuals being particu- larly remarkable for the size of the beak. The breast is also rather brighter than in R. jacapa. 7. RAMPHOCELUS VENEZUELENSIS. Ramphocelus venezuelensis, Lafr. R. Z. 1853, p. 243. Valde affinis R. jacape, sed pileo, collo, dorso uropygioque totis nigro-granatinis, et subtus rubedine paulo intensiore : media parte abdominis nigra: mandibula inferiore breviore, retro minus producta: nigredine alarum et caude intensiore. Hab. Venezuela (Lafr.). Mus. Lafresnayano. I have not yet seen any bird answering to this description of M. de Lafresnaye. 8. RAMPHOCELUS DIMIDIATUS. Ramphocelus dimidiatus, Lafr. Mag. de Zool. 1837, pl. 81; Bp. Consp. p. 242; Sclater, P. Z. 8S. 1855, p. 156. Ramphopis melanogaster, Sw. Am. in Men. p. 359. Ramphopis dimidiatus, Gray, Gen. p. 363. Corpore supra ad dorsum medium et gutture cerviceque antica obscure coccineis, pennis subtus nigricantibus: dorso imo et abdomine coccineis, dorso clariore; ventre medio tibiisque nigris : alis caudaque nigricantibus: rostro nigricanti-plumbeo, sed basi argentescenti-alba. $ obscurior, capite toto et gut- ture nigricanti-fuscis, interscapulio erubescente : tergo et ab- _ _ domine brunnescenti-coccineis : alis caudaque fuscis. Long. tota 6°5, alee 3:2, caudee 3:0. Hab. Carthagena (Mus. Paris); New Grenada, S. Martha (Fon- tanier) ; Bogota; Chiriqui (Bridges) ; Nicaragua (Delattre). Mus. Brit. No. CCCIX.—Proceepinés or THE Zooxocicat Socrery. 130 9. RAMPHOCELUS LUCIANI. Ramphocelus luciani, Lafr. R. Z. 1838, p. 54; Mag. de Zool. 1839, pl. 2; Bp. Consp. p. 242. Ramphopis luciani, Gray, Gen. p. 363. Similis R. dimidiato, sed dorso superiore atro: capite purpuras- centiore nigro. Hab. Carthagena (Lafr.). Mus. Lafresnayano. I am not well acquainted with this bird, having seen only one example, and that several years ago, in the collection of Baron de Lafresnaye. 10. RAMPHOCELUS UROPYGIALIS. Ramphocelus affinis, Less. R. Z. 1840, p. 1 et 1332; Bp. Consp. p- 242. Ramphopis affinis, Gray, Gen. p. 363. sp. 4. Ramphocelus uropygialis, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 178; Note s. 1. Tang. p. 29. Velutino-niger, dorso medio coccineo tincto: cervice et pectore antico obscure coccineis, pennis subtus nigris : uropyyio, abdo- mine laterali et crisso vivide coccineis, ventre medio et tibiis nigerrimis: alis caudaque fusco-nigris; rostro nigro, basi argentescenti-plumbea: pedibus nigris. Long. tota 6°8, alee 3-3, caudz 3°1. Hab. Guatimala. I have in my care at present the type of R. uropygialis. Itis the property of Mr. Edward Wilson, and will eventually, I believe, go to the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia. I have never seen a second specimen. 11. RAMPHOCELUS ATRISERICEUS. Ramphocelus atrisericeus, Lafr. et d’Orb. Mag. de Zool. 1837, p- 34; d’Orb. Voy. p. 280. pl. 26. fig. 1; Tsch. F. P. p. 206; Bp. Consp. p. 242. Ramphopis atrisericeus, Gray, Gen. p. 363. Ramphocelus aterrimus, Latr. R. Z. 1853, p. 244 (avis junr.). Sericeo-aterrimus : capite supra ad nucham et lateribus obscure purpureis: mento, gula et pectore antico coccineis. Junr. nigerrimus unicolor. Long. tota 6:5, alee 3°1, caude 3-0. Hab. Bolivia (d’ Ord.) ; East Peru (Tsch.). Mus. Brit., Paris. I have seen several specimens, clearly showing by their intermediate plumage that Lafresnaye’s R. aterrimus is nothing more than the present bird in its immature state. 12. RAMPHOCELUS PASSERINII. Ramphocelus passerinii, Bp. L’Antologia, 1831, no. 130; Less. R. Z. 1840, p. 133 (exel. syn.) ; Bp. Consp. p. 242. —— 131 Ramphopis passerinii, Bp. Notes Orn. p. 52. Ramphopis fammigerus, Baird, Stansbury’s Exp. to Gt. Salt Lake, App. p. 36? ; Velutino-niger: dorso postico toto rubro-coccineo. ¢ flavo- brunneo-olivascens ; dorso postico brunnescenti-flavo: capite toto et gula fuscis: alis intus et cauda nigricantibus. Long. tota 6:3, alee 3°1, caudee 2°7. Hab. Colombia river, Oregon (Baird); Mexico, Guatimala, Nicaragua (Delattre) ; Chiriqui (Bridges). Mus. Paris. This species may be at once distinguished from R. fammigerus, with which it has been generally confounded, by its smaller size. 13. RAMPHOCELUS FLAMMIGERUS. Ramphopis fammigerus, Jard. and Selb. Ill. Orn. pl. 131; Sclater, Pid 8.005, 7p. 156. Ramphocelus varians, Lafr. R. Z. 1847, p. 216 (partim). Velutino-niger : dorso postico toto ruberrimo. Hab. New Grenada, Caly (Delattre) ; Bogota. 14. RAMPHOCELUS CHRYSONOTUS. Ramphocelus varians, Lafr. R. Z. 1847, p. 216 (partim). Ramphocelus chrysonotus, Lafr. R. Z. 1853, p. 246; Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1855, p. 156. Ramphocelus aurinotus, Sclater, Tan. Cat. Sp. p. 9 (err.). Velutino-niger : dorso postico toto aurantiaco-flavo. Hab. New Grenada, Juntas (Delattre). Mus. Acad. Philadelph. : This orange-rumped bird is scarcer than the other two species, R. flammigerus and icteronotus, which it so closely resembles ; and I have some doubts as to its real distinctness from the former. 15. RAMPHOCELUS ICTERONOTUS. Ramphocelus icteronotus, Bp. R. Z. 1838, p.8; P. Z. S. 1837, p- 121; Sclater, P. Z.S. 1855, p. 156. Ramphopis icteronotus, Gray, Gen. p. 363; Dubus, Esq. Orn. pl. 15. 3 & &. Ramphocelus varians, Lafr. R. Z. 1847, p. 216 (partim). Velutino-niger : dorso postico toto flavissimo. pileo, cervice, interscapulio, campteriis et alarum tectricibus minoribus Sflavo-olivaceis: alis caudaque obscure fuscis, illarum tectricibus mediis et secundariis flavo-olivascente marginatis : rostri am- bitu sordide fuscescenti-flavo : corpore subtus flavo. Long. tota 6°8, ale 3°6, caude 3-0. Hab. New Grenada, western coast, S. Bonaventura (Delattre), Choco Bay (Capt. Kelleté) ; Guyaquil (Duéus) ; Ecuador, western slope of the Andes, near Quito (Jameson). Mus. Brit., Paris., &c. 132 16. RAMPHOCELUS SANGUINOLENTUS. Tanagra (Tachyphonus) sanguinolentus, Less. Cent. Zool. p. 107. 1. 39. z Tachyphonus sanguinolentus, Gray, Gen. p. 365. Ramphocelus sanguinolentus, Bp. Consp. p. 242. Velutino-ater : pileo postico, nucha cum cervice laterali et pectore conjunctis necnon tectricibus subalaribus et uropygio crissoque coccineis ; rostro albo: pedibus nigris. 2 mari similis, sed coloribus obscuribus. r Long. tota 7:5, ale 3°7, caude 3°3. Hab. South Mexico, Valle Real (Deppe in Mus. Berol.) ; Cordova (Sallé) ; Coban (Delattre, in Mus. Derb.) ; Honduras, Camalacan river, near Truxillo (Dyson). Mus. Brit., Derbiano. 3. SomME REMARKS ON CRUSTACEA OF THE GENUS LITHODES, WITH A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF A SPECIES APPARENTLY HITHERTO UNRECORDED. By Apam Wuire. (Annulosa, Pl. XLII.) Having laid before the Society a description of the interesting L- thodes (Echidnocerus) cibarius, of which a very excellent figure is published in the Proceedings for 1848, drawn by the late W. Wing, F.L.S., I conceive that a brief account of another very curious Lithodes, of which a notice was given at a meeting of the Linnean Society, may not be without interest to some of the members. The group Lithodes, founded by Latreille upon our well-known, though not very common, spine-covered, empty-bodied Lithodes Maia, begins now to become better known. Of the excellent figure of this type of the genus, published by Dr. Leach in his ‘ Malacostraca Britannica,’ it is sufficient to say that it was drawn and engraved by the late James Sowerby, F.L.S., and coloured from his pattern. A very young specimen, procured by R. M°Andrew, Esq., F.R.S., during his late Norwegian cruise, shows that in the young state the asperities are rather sharper, and the carapace is decidedly longer in comparison with its breadth, than in the adult state; the arrested development of the pieces forming the tail is characteristic in the adult as it is in the young specimen, | inch long, dredged by Mr. Barrett, and presented by Mr. M*Andrew to the Museum. Seba (vol. iii. pl. 22. f. 1) has figured a specimen with longer and more divergent terminal horns to the rostrum. As a bad specimen exists of this variety in the Paris Museum, Prof. Milne-Edwards fancies, and with good reason too, that it may prove a distinct species; he has provisionally named it Lithode douteuse (Crust. ii. 186) ; at all events, it is a variety which research may find in this country, for different specimens differ in their degrees of divergence in the horns of the rostrum. Haan, in his ‘ Fauna Japonica,’ 217. t. 47, has figured the male Proc. 7.5 Annulosa,PLXLIE - aia: Ford iWest,lmp. C.W.W. heh. LITHODES (PE TAL.OCE RUS)BELLIAN WS: White 133 of Lithodes Camschatica, a species first described as Maia Cams- chatica by Tilesius in the ‘St. Petersburg Memoirs,’ v. p. 336. pl. 5. & 6, the female (1812). This species is named by the Chinese Sima-gani—that is, the Insular Crab. Tilesius tells us that it is found on the shore of Kamschatka, among the rocks, where it conceals itself and keeps sedentary, living upon cuttle fish (Sepia octopodia), and snaring Starfishes and Mollusca. He records that this Lithodes fixes itself so firmly and resolutely in a hole of a rock, that you could not draw it out without breaking its shell. He compares the tenacity with which the Lithodes is held in the hollow of the rock to the fixedness of the Eehinus mammillaris. The same learned naturalist has figured another large species from Japan (218. t.48) as the Lithodes hystriz ; it is one which Siebold, in his ‘ Spicilegia,’ p. 15, had only ventured to regard as the common L. Maia (Lithodes arctica, Lam., Sieb.). The L. hystrix, Haan, is a beautifully distinct species very thickly covered with sharp spines, named by the Japanese, Jeara-gani, the prickly crab, or Aka-onigani, the Devil’s red-crab. This list completed the number of the group found in the northern hemisphere, up to the publication of L. (Echidnocerus) cibarius, before alluded to. The species to be described in this paper was found by Mr. Lobb cast ashore after a violent storm on the coast of California; and as it has some peculiarities of structure in its legs, antenne, carapace and abdomen, distinguishing it from any other, it may be named Lithodes (Petalocerus), from the beautiful petal-like lobes of the antennse. Before describing it, it may be well to review the species of Lithodes found in the southern hemisphere. Messrs. Hombron and Jacquinot, on D’Urville’s ‘Voyage au Pole Sud,’ discovered a fine species which they named Lithodes an- tarctica, pl. 7-8. f. 9, jun. Dana, too, has described and figured this in the ‘ Crustacea of the United States Exploring Expedition,’ i. 427. pl. 26. f. 15.9. He found it at Nassau Bay in Fuegia, where he tells us it grows to a very large size ; the exuvize of one, obtained by Mr. Dana, were 8 inches long, and the longest legs were 15 inches in length. He describes the species as abundant in water 6 or 7 feet deep, “‘ where it is observed to creep along the bottom with sluggish motion; they have no legs or appendages fitted forswimming. Co- lour, dark cherry-red, the carapace with a slight purplish tinge. The long spines that cover the carapace and legs are longest proportionally in small individuals; the right hand is much the stoutest, the second basal joint of outer antenne with a single longish spine on the outer side”’ (oc. cit. i. p. 428). . We hope that Mr. Despard and his noble band, who are now, or will shortly be, in these seas, will find this and the other, and perhaps new, Fuegian species. Specimens of the young are sometimes found in the stomachs of fishes, as in the case of the half-digested Li- thodes Maia sent to Dr. Leach by the late Dr. Patrick Neill, and now in the British Museum. It would be well to keep some spe- cimens like this. . 134 Gay in his ‘ Chili’ mentions it (ili. 182) as a native of Chili. The Lithodes granulosa, Hombron and Jacquinot, ‘ Voy. au Pole Sud,’ pl. 8. f. 15, has the beak scarcely projecting at all beyond the extra-orbital angle, the carapace and upper parts of its legs are thickly invested, as in some of the Cancerida, with close strawberry- surfaced granules, closely pressed together. It is a small species, evidently very distinct from Lithodes and more allied to Lomis—it may be called Paralomis granulosa. We have it in the British Museum. The figure in the ‘ Voyage au Pole Sud,’ is extremely bad, not at all giving correctly the surface of the carapace and legs, which are closely matted with the warts. Messrs. Edwards and Lucas have published the description of a fine species, said to come from the Southern Pacific, in the Archives du Museum, ii. 465. pl. 24-27, and given ample details of it. It is named, from its short legs, Lithodes brevipes; its beak is short. In the British Museum we have a specimen. The Lithodes verrucosa, Dana (pl. 26. f. 16. vol. i. pl. 428), was found by that able and active naturalist in Fuegia. The carapace is verrucose throughout. The Lomis hirta of M. Edwards, founded on the Porcellana hirta of Lamarck (Anim. s. vert. v. 229), is an interesting generic form, to which Lichtenstein, in one of his catalogues, had applied the name Thylacurus. De Haan, who quotes this, has figured a second species in his ‘Fauna Japonica’ (219. t. 48. f. 2. & t. Q), under the name Lomis dentata :—“ tota tomentosa, setis brevibus densis ; thoracis margine medio 8-spinoso, pedibus secundis, tertiis et quartis margine antico 15-spinosis, spinis cristam subcontinuam formanti- bus.” Lomis hirta is abundant on the coast of Tasmania. Lirnoves (Peratocervs) Bextuianus. (PI. XLII.) The first feature of the curious crab here figured is the straw- berry-like surface of its carapace, and of the blunt spines with which its legs are covered ; the next feature is the subequilateral triangular figure of that carapace; this part is produced above the eyes into a notched projection, with two slight prominences down the middle ; this covers up the front part of the head, and conceals a wart-covered spine above the base of the pedicels of the eye, which pedicels are spiny above. The carapace has 3 spines on each side, and 2 tuber- cles ; the first spine is directed forwards, and has one or two indi- stinct spinelets at its base, the second and third are separated from the first by a considerable sinus, and are near each other; they are directed laterally, but slightly inclined forwards like the other two, and indeed like the whole of the carapace and the spines on the legs ; they are covered with the close warting so characteristic of this species ; the two tubercles on the lateral border, but at its end are _ united at the base ; the anterior is the larger ; the hind part of cara- pace is straight, bending round towards these tubercles and _thick- ened on the edges, one of its monticuli being conneeted with the hindmost lateral tubercle; the stomach, genital, and cardiac regions 135 are covered by a projecting portion occupying a considerable part of the back of the carapace and raised above it; this projecting part is environed by a somewhat lyre-shaped wall, pinched in front on the sides and somewhat notched behind with two deep fosse placed transversely and connected by a short canal, the base of which is smooth with only a few groups of warts. The abdomen is very regular and complete for the group, and when additional specimens will admit of its being dissected, its structure promises to be curious ; the various parts of it are hardly perceptible in the individual examined; a tolerably regular series of strange, close- placed appendages on its edges, seem, on cursory observation, very curious : there are about 12 deepish fossee over it, the 2 deepest in the basal portion close to back part of carapace, and almost at right angles to the rest of abdomen, 3 on each side diverging into smaller fossulee towards the edges, and four down the centre. The figures, drawn by Mr. Westwood from the specimen, before it came into Mr. Bell’s possession, show as much as can be shown without injuring the rare example. r I exhibited a drawing of this crab at a meeting of the’ Linnean Society some two years ago, and not having the specimen by me, concluded, as Mr. Westwood’s drawing showed it, that there were no visible traces of the imperfectly developed leg-appendages, so prominent in some species of Lithodes. A subsequent examina- tion of the specimen kindly sent me by Prof. Bell has shown me I was mistaken ; and on removing the carapace, which Mr. Westwood did, they are to be seen concealed as represented in the figure. There is, however, no outward opening. : This fine species is named Lithodes (Petalocerus) Bellianus in com- pliment to the ablest of our British carcinologists, the learned and scientific President of the Linnean Society, Professor Thomas Bell ; in whose fine collection it is preserved. It is to him I am indebted for the loan of the specimen. The plate represents— 1. Lithodes (Petalocerus) Bellianus, of the natural size, viewed from above. . The same from beneath, showing the pitted abdomen. . Rough sketch of carapace in profile. . Profile view of rostrum, with eyes, antenne, &c. . Outer antennz with petaloid processes. . Inner anteune. . Hind pair of legs, concealed under the carapace. . Jaw feet. CrriAorb Oo bo May 27, 1856. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., in the Chair. Mr. Gould brought under the notice of the Meeting a portion of the Birds collected by Mr. John MacGillivray, the naturalist at- 136 tached to H.M. Surveying ship Rattlesnake, and lately sent home by Capt. Denham, the Commander of the Expedition. They were ~ obtained on the Fijis, San Cristoval, Isle of Pines, and other islands. Perhaps the most remarkable of these birds is a species of Cen- fropus, which exceeds in size every other member of the genus Mr. Gould has yet seen. The single specimen sent home is not fully adult, as is evidenced by’ some freshly moulted feathers of the tail and wings differing in colour from the older ones. On account of its large and robust form, Mr. Gould proposes to call this species Crentropvus Mito. Head, neck, mantle and breast tawny-white, remainder of the plumage mottled brown and green ; some of the feathers being brown indistinctly banded with green, while others are entirely green, the mottled hue being that of immaturity, and the green the adult livery : bill black. Total length, 263 inches ; bill, 23 inches long by 14 deep at the base ; wing, 103; tail, 144; tarsi, 3. Hab. Guadalcanar Island. Remark.—The specimen is a male. Unlike the other members of the genus, this species has bare orbits, with the colouring of which Mr. Gould is not acquainted. For a fine species of Fruit-eating Pigeon from the Isle of Pines, Mr. Gould proposed the name of IANTH@NAS HYP@NOCHROA. Head, neck, breast, and under surface vinaceous brown, with glossy purple reflexions on the back of the neck, and a slight gloss of the same hue on the sides of the neck and breast ; chin, sides of the face and throat white ; all the upper surface, wings and tail dark slate grey, the margins of the wing-coverts and the feathers of the back and upper tail-coverts glossed with bronzy green ; bill scarlet at the base, yellow at the tip; orbits naked and scarlet ; feet red- dish flesh colour. Total length, 16 inches ; bill, 14; wing, 9}; tail, 7; tarsi, 1. Hab. Isle of Pines. Remark.—This is a fine species, about the size of the common Pigeon of Europe. It pertains to the subgenus Ianthenas, the mem- bers of which are very nearly allied to the birds constituting the genus Carpophaga. Another pigeon from the same locality was named TURACGNA CRASSIROSTRIS. Head, all the upper surface, wings and tail dark slaty black, the feathers of the back margined with a deeper black; a broad band of grey across the lateral tail feathers near the base, and the outer feather on each side tipped with darker grey; throat greyish white ; under surface sooty, washed with grey on the sides of the | neck, the breast and centre of the abdomen. 137 Total length, 144 inches ; bill, 14; wing, 72; tail, 7}; tarsi, 1. Hab. Guadalcanar Island.” Remark.—This is a smaller bird than the Australian Macropygia phasianella, has a much thicker bill, and a shorter tail, which organ is moreover of .a graduated form. A fine Lory from San Cristoval was named Lorivus CHLOROCERCUS. Head, nape, and a patch on each side the neck black; plumage of the whole of the body fine scarlet, with a broad crescentic mark of rich yellow across the breast; tip of the shoulder silvery blue ; wing-coverts yellowish green ; outer webs of the primaries and se- condaries dark grass-green; inner webs dull black, with a broad oblong mark of scarlet along their basal portions; basal half of the tail scarlet, the remainder grass-green; under wing-coverts and thighs fine blue; bill orange; feet dark brown. Total length, 10 inches ; bill, 2; wing, 63; tail, 43; tarsi, 3. Hab, San Cristoval. Remark.—This is one of the most beautiful species of the genus, and differs from all its congeners in having the apical half of the tail green. A new Hirundo from Moala, one of the Feejee Islands, was cha- racterized as Hirunbo SUBFUSCA. Forehead, chin and throat rufous; crown of the head, all the upper surface, wing- and tail-coverts steel black ; wings and tail dark brown ; under surface of the body and under wing-coverts dark fus- cous ; under tail-coverts steel black, margined with light brown. Total length, 5 inches; bill, $; wing, 43; tail, 2; tarsi, 3. Remark.—This is a very remarkable Swallow, resembling in the colouring of its back, throat and forehead the common Swallow of Europe ; it is also very similar in size, while it has a much larger bill and a very diminutive and but slightly forked tail, the outer feathers not being produced as in the European bird. The five birds above described are now deposited in the collection at the British Museum. Mr. Gould also described a new and very beautiful Pigeon from the Solomon Islands as IoTRERON EUGENLA. - Crown of the head, cheeks, upper part of the throat and ear- coverts white ; centre of the throat and chest of the richest crimson ; upper surface and wings green washed with orange; along the shoulder a mark of light grey, and a large spot of grey near the tip of each of the tertiaries; primaries dark slate grey tipped with orange-brown ; secondaries slate grey bordered with orange-brown, and with a very narrow edge of yellow along the apical portion of 138 the external web ; under surface of the body greyish green; under surface of the wings grey ; vent washed with yellow. Total length, about 8 inches ; bill, 3; wing, 4}; tarsi, 2. Hab. The Solomon Islands. Remark.—The only specimen I have ever seen, and which is un- fortunately imperfect, being destitute of tail, was sent to me by Mr. Webster, who had visited the above islands. This beautiful little Pigeon, certainly the most brilliantly coloured of the entire group, has been named in honour of Her Imperial Majesty the Empress of the French. 2. List or MAMMALS AND Brirps COLLECTED BY Mr. BRIDGES IN THE VICINITY OF THE Town oF DAVID IN THE PRO- VINCE OF CHIRIQUI IN THE STATE OF PANAMA. By PHILIP Lutiey Scuater, M,A. The town of David lies in a beautiful plain on the left bank of the river of the same name, about twenty-five miles above its exit into the Pacific at Boca Chica. On the west of the town rises the extinct voleano of Chiriqui, a peak 9000 feet in altitude, and on the north the Sierra de Chorcha, a flat table-mountain, which here forms the watershed between the two oceans. Mr. Bridges arrived at David in the month of January in the pre- sent year, and stayed there until the middle of the following March. He was principally engaged in collecting the magnificent Orchids of that country, of which he succeeded in obtaining a considerable series. During his leisure moments, however, he procured about fifty species of Mammalia and birds, of which a list is subjoined. These were principally collected near the town on the banks of the river, or between that and the ‘ Boqueti,—an elevated savannah of about 4000 feet above the sea-level, lying on the western slope of the volcano of Chiriqui. This locality is very interesting to naturalists, being a stage in the passage between North American and South American zoology, which has not, as far as I am aware, been hitherto much explored. M. Warszewiz, the well-known Polish collector, was resident in David some time in 1849, but did not turn his attention much to birds except Trochilide, of which he discovered the six very interesting new species which were described by Mr. Gould before this Society in 1850. Mr. Bridges has very greatly added to the value of my list by sup- plying me with notes upon the exact spot in which he found each species and upon what he recollected of their habits. The nearest Bird-fauna to the present of which any detailed accounts have been published are those of Nicaragua, as given by Prince Bonaparte in his catalogue of the Birds, brought from that country by Delattre in the Comptes Rendus of the Academy of Paris for 1854, and of the interior of New Granada, as shown by my List 139 of Birds received in collections from Bogota read before this Society last year. To both of these papers I have frequently referred in the following list in order to show the geographic range of the species, and to avoid the repetition of synonymy already given. MAMMALIA. 1. Sarmaris scrurea (Linn.)? Forests near David. A skeleton only of an animal probably of this species. 2. Scrurnus ———— ? A black species, difficult to distinguish. Mr. Bridges states that it is common in the immediate vicinity of the town of David, and between that and the port of Boca Chica. 3. Scrurus astuans, Linn. This seems to agree with Bogota specimens so marked in the British Museum. It is from the Boqueti at the base of the volcano of Chiriqui. 4. CycLoTHuRvs pipacty us (Linn.). From the vicinity of David. Also seen near Panama. A strictly nocturnal animal. 5. CHOLZPUS DIDACTYLUS. From the forests near David. I believe neither this Sloth nor the Little Anteater has been hitherto observed so far north. AVES. 1. PHAROMACRUS MOCINNO, De la Llave!—Trogon resplendens, Gould, Mon. Trog. pl. 21. From the dense forest on the Boqueti; only three specimens seen. 2. TROGON AURANTIIVENTRIS, Gould, sp. nov. See antea, p- 107. } J Inhabits the same locality as the preceding, and is more common. Also found farther down towards David. 3. Momorvs tessont, Lesson, Icon. Orn. pl. 62. Agrees with Guatimala specimens. From the vicinity of David in the thickets. Stops during the day in the shady underwood, and seeks its food towards evening in the open spaces on the banks of the river. : 4. CERYLE AMERICANA (Gm.)—P. Z. 8. 1855, p. 136. On the banks of the river David. Its habits are the same as those of our Kingfisher. Mr. Bridges also observed a large species more common than this, probably C. torquata. 5. GALBULA MELANOGENIA, Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1852, p: 61 et 93, pl. 90. 140 On the banks of the river David, rather uncommon, only three or four times observed. 6. CAMPYLOPTERUS CUVIERI.—Trochilus cuvieri, Delattre et Boure. R. Z. 1846, p. 310. 7. HeLiomasTER LonGrrostnis (Vieill.).—Gould, Mon. Troch. pt. 5, pl. 9. 8. LAMPORNIS VERAGUENSIS, Gould. These three Humming-birds are found in the outskirts of the town of David, feeding among the flowers of a large arborescent species of Erythrina. 9. AMAZILIUS RIEFFERI (Bourc.), R. Z. 1843, p. 103. Found feeding on a malvaceous plant near the Boqueti, at an ele- vation of 4000 feet. 10. SAUCEROTTIA NIVEIVENTRIS (Gould), P. Z. S. 1850, p. 164. 11. SauceRorria ATALA (Less.).—Bp. Consp. p. 77. 12. Hytocuaris (?) czRuLEIGULARIs (Gould), P. Z. S. 1850, . 163. : All these three short-billed species are found in the very town of David feeding on the Tamarindus indicus and orange-trees. They are very pugnacious and constantly fighting together. Besides the seven Humming-birds here given, Mr. Bridges observed three others of which he did not obtain specimens. One of these (probably Heliomaster constantii) was feeding on a beautiful blue species of Salvia on the Boqueti. 13. CHmrepa cyanea (Linn.). Already noticed as far north as Nicaragua (Bp. Notes s. 1. Ois. Coll. Delattre, p. 50), and lately brought by M. Sallé from the vici- nity of Cordova m Mexico. 14. PicoLapTEs ? Vicinity of the town of David on the large forest-trees, with the habits of our Creepers. 15. THRYOTHORUS RUFALBUS, Lafr. R. Z. 1845, p. 337; P. Z.S. 1855, p. 143. In the dense jungle near David. 16. Ruopinocicuua rosea (Less.), P. Z. S. 1855, p. 141. Mr. Bridges only procured one specimen of this singular bird—a male. It was hopping about in the thicket close to the ground in the flat land between the rivers David and Chiriqui, uttering a very peculiar note, by which his attention was called to it. 17. Mniorivra varia (Linn.). A North American species, ranging as far south as Bogota (P.Z.S. 1855, p. 143). Mr. Bridges says it has the habits of our Creeper, ey 14] running up the trunks of the trees and searching for insects in the bark. He found it in the town of David. 18, Ruimamrnus astivus (L.), juv. Mr. Bridges found this bird not uncommon in the town of David in the fruit-trees and Erythrine. 19. Tyrannus MELANCHOLICUs, Vieill. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 150. Margins of the plains near David, very common. 20. MitvuLus TYRANNUS (Linn.).—* Tijerita.” Ranges from the Southern United States as far south as Bogota (P. Z. S. 1855, p. 150). Very common in the plains near David. 21. ToprRosTRUM CINEREUM (Linn.). See my remarks on the range of this species, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 148. Mr. Bridges found it amongst the trees in the vicinity of David. 22. TyRANNULUS ELATUS (Spix),—P. Z. S. 1855, p- 150. On the trees in the vicinity of David. 23. TiryRA MEXICANA (Less.).—Psaris mexicana, Less. R. Z. 1839, p. 41, et P. tityroides, Less. R. Z. 1842, p. 41. I consider this bird probably distinct from Tityra semifasciata of Bolivia and East Peru, to which it is generally united. It has all the rectrices banded across with black ; while the other, speaking from the specimens I have seen of it, has the inner web of the outer pair of tail-feathers white. Delattre procured this bird in Nicaragua (Bp. Notes Orn. p. 88) ; M. Sallé has lately brought specimens from Cor- dova in Mexico; Mr. Bridges’ examples are from the forests on the Boqueti. : 24, CHIROXIPHIA MELANOCEPHALA (Vieill.). See P. Z. S. 1855, p. 151. In the bushes on the margins of the rivers near David. 25. THAMNOPHILUS DoLIATUS? 26. THAMNOPHILUS BRIDGESI, sp. nov. T. fumoso-brunneus : capite nigro, plumarum rachidibus albis : alarum tectricibus nigris maculis apicalibus rotundis albis: re-- migibus et rectricibus fumoso-nigricantibus, harum trium utrin- que extimarum apicibus nigro marginatis ; illarum marginibus externis brunnescentibus: gula et pectore toto ad summum ventrem nigricantibus, longitudinaliter albo striatis : tectrici- bus subalaribus albis. Long. tota 6°7, alee 2-8, caudse 2°5. This is a typical Thamnophilus not very closely allied to any described species, but to be placed near nigrocinereus, maculipennis, &e. (vide Edinb. Phil. Journ. n. s. 1855, i. Pp. 226 et seq.). Mr. Bridges found these two Bushshrikes in the thick bush on the mar. gins of the river David. The first species was very common, but of the present only one individual was seen. 142 27. THAMNOPHILUS MELANURUS, Gould? A female specimen, probably referable to the New Grenadian species. 28. SruRNELLA LuDovictiana (Linn.) ? “* Paxaro Savanero.” Amongst the grass on the plain near David. Very tame, and when disturbed does not fly far, but runs much. 29. YPHANTES BALTIMORENSIS (Linn.).-—Bp. Consp. p. 432. Already noticed as far south as Real del Monte in Mexico by Bul- lock (Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 436), and Guatimala by Prince Bona- parte (P. Z. 8. 1837, p. 116). 30. SALTATOR MAGNOIDES, Lafr. 31. Rampuoce us pimip1ATUvs,-Lafr. Mag. de Zool. Ois. pl. 81 (1837). 32. RAMPHOCELUS PASSERINII, Bp. Both these Ramphoceli are tolerably common, and generally met with together in the bushy underwood on the margins of the rivers. They feed on the fruit of a small species of Ficus. They are always seen near the water. 33. Pyranea azstiva (Linn.), P. Z. S. 1855, p. 156. ‘* Sangue del Toro.” Not uncommonly met with near the Bo- queti on the tops of the trees. 34. TANAGRA DIACONUS, Less. ** Azulejo.’ The commonest bird in the country. Very abun- dant in the town of David. ‘ 35. CALLISTE GYROLOIDES (Lafr.). This is a wide-ranging species, extending hence to the head-waters of the Amazon in Bolivia, where specimens were obtained by d’Or- bigny, that is, from 8! north latitude to 18’ south latitude. Mr. Bridges says it was not common at David. It is found on the high trees near the town, and feeds on the fruit of the small- fruited Ficus. 36. CaLuisTe FRANCISCE (Lafr.).— Aglaia fanny (!!), Lafr. R. Z. 1847, p. 72; Des Murs, Icon. Orn. pl. 56, fig. 1. This species appears distinct from Calliste larvata of Du Bus, to which it is usually united. The general colouring is pretty much the same, but the tints are still brighter in the present bird, and the head in particular is paler. Mr. Bridges obtained a single specimen only of this beautiful Ta- nager, from the tops of the high trees on the banks of the river David. ; : 37. Eusp1zA AMERICANA (Linn.). Already noticed as far south as Nicaragua, and lately received by MM. Verreaux of Paris from S. Martha on the north coast of New Granada. Found in small flocks near David. 143 38. EMBERNAGRA CONIROsTRIS (Bp.).—Arremon! conirostris, Bp. Consp. p. 488. — Embernagra striaticeps, Lafr. R. Z. 1853, p. 62; P. Z. S. 1855, p. 154. I consider M. de Lafresnaye is quite right in placing this bird in the genus Embernagra. It is, at least, certainly no Arremon. It is found, like the last bird, in small flocks near David, feeding on the grass-seeds in the savannahs. 39. MELANERPES FORMICIVORUs (Sw.). Agrees with Mexican specimens. Not rare in the forests of the ‘ Boqueti,’ found on the evergreen Quercus. 40. CeNTURUS SUBELEGANS, Bp. P. Z. 8. 1837, p. 109; Consp. p- 121; P. Z. S. 1855, p. 162. Seems to agree with Bogota and Venezuelan specimens. 41. CHLORONERPES Cecrutt (Malherbe) ? Both these Woodpeckers are found on the trees in the outskirts of the town of David. The first is the more common, only one pair of the latter having been observed. 42. GEOTRYGON CHIRIQUENSIS, sp. nov. G. pure castanescenti-brunneus: dorso medio purpurascente : pileo cerulescenti-griseo : subtus dilutior, abdomine albescen- tiore: mento gulaque lactescenti-albis, rufescente tinctis: re- migibus et rectricibus nigricanti-schistaceis : caude apice brun- nescentiore : rostro nigro: pedibus rubris. Long. tota 11-0, ale 5:9, caudze 3°5. Both Prince Bonaparte and Mr. G. R. Gray, who have lately paid great attention to the Columba, consider this species as new to science, and it is upon their authority rather than my own that I have ventured to name it as undescribed. 43. CHLOR@NAS RUFINA (Temm.).—Bp. Consp. ii. p. 52. From the dense forests of the Boqueti at the base of the volcano. 44. ODONTOPHORUS VERAGUENSIS, Gould, antea, p. 107. From the Boqueti, where it is found in coveys running on the ground in the forests. The males have a peculiar call-cry. 45. ARAMIDES CAyENNENSIS (Gm.) (Pl. Enl. 352). In the bush on the banks of the river David. 46. Parra HYPOMELANA, G. R. Gray, juv. ? Found in the shallow waters running amongst the stones. A young bird, white underneath, probably of P. hypomelena, but it would be hazardous to decide positively without seeing adult spe- cimens from the same locality. 144 3. NoTE ON SOME BIRDS FROM THE ISLAND oF ASCENSION. By Parure Lutyiry Scriater, M.A. Dr. Acland, of Oxford, having lately placed in my hands, for naming, a small collection of birds from the Island of Ascension, I think it will be useful to record a list of them, although none of them are of great rarity, in order to make some contribution, how- ever small, towards a more accurate knowledge of the geographic range of species. Mr. Darwin (Zool. Beagle, p. 133) tells us that there are no abo- riginal land-birds on this island. The only bird he mentions, which might claim that name, is a Porphyrio (P. simplex, Gould), which however, we are informed, was evidently a straggler not long arrived. But recollecting the beautiful Thrush (Nesocichla eremita) lately described by Mr. Gould from the Island of Tristan d’Acunha, there is certainly no primd facte reason why the Island of Ascension should not also possess peculiar land birds. The specimens in Dr. Acland’s collection are all Natatores, be- longing to the following species. 1. ONYCHOPRION FULIGINOSUS (Gm.). Latham (G. H. x. 102) has recorded the existence of this Tern upon the island in “prodigious numbers.’’ It is found also on the American coasts from Texas to the Floridas. 2. PHAETHON &THEREUS, Linn. (Pl. Enl. 998). Visits Tobago, whence Sir William Jardine received the eggs of this species from his correspondent Mr. Kirk. See Cont. to Orn. 1852, p. 351, pl. 84, where the eggs of all three species of Phaethon are figured. , 3. PHarTHon FLAvirostris, Brandt (Pl. Enl. 369). P. ethe- veus, Audub. nec Linn. Mr. G. R. Gray has rejected Brandt’s excellent appellation for this species in favour of Brisson’s candidus. But Brisson was no binomalist, and has no claim to bestow specific names in a binominal system. 'This Phaethon breeds on the Bermudas (Cont. Orn. /. c.), and visits the coast of Florida (Audubon). Professor Brandt has written a good Monograph of the Phaéthon- tine in the Transactions of the St. Petersburgh Academy. These two species, and the P. phanicurus from the Indian Ocean, appear to be the only.three well-distinguished birds of the genus. 4, TACHYPETES AQuILA (L.). This name ought, I think, to be retained for the Atlantic bird. Mr. Gould has described and figured a smaller species from Australia; but he has also a larger bird from the coasts of that country, which ‘appears different from the present. 5. Suza Fusca, Vieill. Gal. Ois. pl. 277; Gould, B. Aust. vii. pl. 78. 145 6, Suna piscarrix (L.); Gould, B. Aust. vii. pl. 79. Besides these two Gannets I am acquainted with five other ap- parently well-distinguished species, viz. 8. Lassana of Europe, S. ca- pensis of S. Africa, S. australis and S. cyanops of the Australian seas, and S. variegata of the Pacific coast of S. America. 4. Nore sur un Nouveau Genre Des O1sEAvUx DE Prox. Par Jutes VeRREAvX. Genre Urvusrrornis, Verreaux. Bec beaucoup plus haut que large ; trés comprimé ; légérement sinueux sur le bord, qui est un peu rentré vers la base; 4 courbure trés sensible et 4 pointe longue et acérée; angle du bec atteignant 4 peine le niveau de la partie antérieure de l’ceil : cire large et lisse, a narines rondes et percées en avant ; face en partie denudée et garnie ga et 14 de poils noirs: tarses assez longs, robustes, et fortement reticulés, excepté sur la partie postérieure ow se trouvent des larges plaques au nombre de neuf; quatre A cing scutelles sur les doigts, dont P’interne est le plus fort, le médian plus long que l’externe qui est le plus court de tous; le pouce également robuste et armé d’un ongle aumoins aussi fort que l’interne. Ailes longues, amples, dépassant la queue de plus d’un pouce, a 3° et 4™° rémiges les plus longues ; toutes les primaires échancrées sur leurs barbes internes. Queue moyenne, carrée et légtérement échancrée au centre, compos¢ée de 12 rectrices, barrée transversale- ment comme dans les vrais Urubitinge. Dans son ensemble, le genre tient des derniers par la coloration et par la bande transversale de la queue, mais il s’en distingue sous d’autres rapports indiqués ci-dessus. Les tarses surtout ne permet- tront jamais de le confondre. Sa taille est aussi beaucoup plus forte. Il semble tenir le milieu entre le genre Harpyhaliaétus et Urubitinga. A ne considérer que le plumage du jeune de cet oiseau, on le prendrait pour celui du Geronoaétus aguia, tout il y a de rapport, voire méme dans la queue qui ne laisse voir aucune trace de bande transversale, mais qui a la méme motelare comme dans les jeunes des Urubitingas. Nous ne sommes done pas ¢tonnés que Tschudi ait fait de cet oiseau un Circaétus en égard A ces tarses, et que d’autres auteurs en aient fait un Urubitinga en ne considérant que la couleur. Nous pensons done que la place que nous lui assignons est plus naturelle en ce qu'elle lie les deux genres qui ont tant de similitude entre eux. Sp. typ. et unica UruBIToRNIS SOLITARIA. Circaétus solitarius, Tsch. Av. Consp. no. 14; Faun. Per. p- 94, t. 11.—Gray’s Gen. p. 13, sp. 6.—Lafr. R. Z. 1849, p. 101. $ adulte. Couleur générale, noir-plombé, exeepté sur la téte, Pextrémité des rémiges et les rectrices, qui sont d’un noir plus décidé ; une large bande blanche traverse la queue, qui est également ter- No. CCCX.—Procrrpines oF THE ZooLoGicar Soctery. 146 minée d’un ruban étroit de méme couleur ; on remarque sur les cou- vertures, tant supérieurs qu’inférieurs, des traces de bandes blanches au centre de quelques plumes, ainsi que quelques bordures vers leur extrémité. Les barbes des rémiges primaires et secondaires ont comme des raies mal accusées d’une teinte plus noire, et qui parais- sent d’avantage en écartant les plumes : elles sont chinées et laissent voir ¢a et la, quelques teintes brun-roussatre de la livrée précédente. Longueur totale 70 cent. 2 d'une année plus jeune. La coloration noire plus lavée de brun que de plombé, laissant voir ci et 14 quelques parties fauves, surtout sur le cou; la bande médiane de la queue chinée de cendré, et la petite qui la termine plus ¢troite et d’un blanc moins pur que dans le précédent ; taille un peu moindre. Tschudi dit que Viris est d’un brun trés foncé; que la cire, la peau nue de la face et les tarses sont jaunes, le bee d’un brun- noiratre, et les ongles d’un brun-grisitre sombre. J eune ? dans sa 3"° année. Partie supérieure brune, plus ou moins parsemée de plumes plus foneées et bordées de roussatre ; téte et cou d'un roussatre plus ou moins fauve ; dessus et occiput 4 plumes brun- noiratre trés légérement bordées de roussatre ; des lignes longitudi- nales plus ou moins larges sur le cou et ses cdtes; une bande brune prenant du dessus de 1’ceil, passant en arriére et descendant sur les parties latérales du cou: gorge et joues d’un fauve clair avec des lignes ¢troites et brunes au centre des plumes, devenant plus larges sur le haut du cou ; poitrine brun-noiratre, les plumes plus ou moins bordées de roussAtre et toutes de cette couleur a leur base, reste des parties inférieures d’un roussatre plus ou moins vif avec des taches plus ou moius larges, sur les parties latérales surtout. Cuisses brunes avec des bordures rousses peu visibles a l’extrémité des plumes, mais comme rayées de fauve sur la partie cachée de chaque plume. Cou- vertures sous- caudales comme la poitrine avec des raies s plus ou moins bien mar quées de brun-noiratre ; les supérieures de méme, mais plus brunes. Queue brune avec une légére teinte grise et chinée comme dans le jeune aguia, dune teinte blanchatre en dessous avec les taches brunes plus multipliées; ailes brunes, les plus grandes cou- vertures chinées de fauve. Rémiges brunes, les primaires noires sur la majeure partie de leur longeur, quelques unes de ces derniéres les plus courtes terminées de blanchatre ; couvertures inférieures roussatres varices de brun-noiratre ; dessous des rémiges fauve a partir de leur base j jusqu’au trois quart de leur longueur, tachées ¢a et 14 de brun et chinées sur le reste. Méme grandeur que les précédents. Nous avons recus cet oiseau de S** Marthe, Nouvelle Grenade, en 1843. Notre voyageur marque qu’il fréquente les grand bois, ov il chasse les moyens mammiferes et les oiseaux, voire méme les Hoccos. Son naturel est farouche et d’une méfiance extréme. “Mr. Bridges que j’ai vu il y a peu de jours m’a affirmé avoir rencontré ce méme oiseau (Urubitornis solitarius) en Bolivie dans la province de Moxos par les 20° Sud le long de la riviére Urumose. C’est done une localité nouvelle 4 ajouter 4 habitat de cet oiseau.”’ = Erocs Lo Mollusca. HALIOTIS ALBICANS. Var i a dail heel 147 5. On tHe Nucxievs or THE OpercuLum or CycLosToMA ELEGANS. By JoHN Epwarp Gray, Pu.D., F.R.S. In my various physiological papers I have attempted to establish the fact that the opercula of shells are analogous to the second valve of a bivalve shell, and are in fact a counterpart of the other valve. I have shown that they are formed at the same time on the body of the Mollusca; that they have a peculiar mantle, similar to the mantle of the spiral shell, and that they are increased in size in the same manner. On lately examining the operculum of Cyclostoma elegans, I was struck with the fact (which might have been foreseen when the first formation is considered) that they have a somewhat irregular nucleus or first-formed part, like the nucleus to be observed on the apex of the spire of most univalve shells, as shown in the accompanying figure, drawn and engraved by Miss Jessie Dunlop. 7 I may further observe, that the operculum of this shell is formed of two shelly plates, separated from each other by arched laminz concentric with the outer edge of the last whorl, placed under the concentric grooves of growth on the outer and inner surface, leaving a series of pores on the circumference in the groove between the two plates. 6. On A Monstrosity or Hatroris (ALBIcans?). By Joun Epwarp Gray, Pu.D., F.R.S., P.B.S., erc. (Mollusca, Pl. XXXIV.) Mr. Cuming kindly showed to me a series of four specimens of Ear-shells, which he procured in Paris, and of which he has some other examples. The four specimens are all peculiar for having an elongated con- tinued slit occupying the place where the series of perforations are usually situated,—this slit extending more than one-third of the length of the spiral ridges on the outer or left side of the whorls ; 148 but it does not extend to the margin of the shell, and there is generally a more or less deep pit on the inner surface, in front of its extremity. When I first saw the shell, I was inclined to regard it as a mon- strosity ; but when I considered the uniformity of the peculiarity in the specimens which I possess, and in those which Mr. Cuming had seen, I thought that it might be the type of a new form, for which Schismotis excisa would be a good name. But a comparison of the shell with the specimens of Haliotis al- bicans in the British Museum from Van Diemen’s Land, has induced me to believe that they are only varieties of that or some very nearly allied species, and that the peculiarity of their structure is produced by the locality they inhabit, the absence of the shelly matter on the branchial ridge being probably produced by the continued abrasions to which the shells have evidently been exposed, either by some che- mical peculiarities in the water or the attack of parasitic animals. All the specimens are in avery eroded condition, and two of them are very much pierced with a minute worm, and they all have the under valve of a Hipponyz attached on the left side near the cireum- ference of the shell; one of these shells (which is generally the largest of the series) being placed in front of the slit between its termination and the front margin of the shell, covering the space which in the normal shell would be the place of one or two perfora- tions. If the exterior surface of a good specimen of Haliotis albicans is examined, it will be found that there exists a distinct narrow straight groove continued from one perforation to the other, and to the margins of the outer lip, which I have not seen so distinctly marked in any other species of the genus, indicating probably the suture between the overlapping of the two sides of the slit in the mantle of the animal, and this suture is marked but by a slight line on the inner surface of the shell. The same suture is to be observed in most other Haliotide, but they are generally not so distinct as in H. albicans, and much more sinuous. I am inclined to believe that the slit in the specimens is to be considered as the imperfect filling-up of the shelly matter between the usual perforations, caused by the eroded and evidently diseased state of the specimens. The interior of the shells is marked with a very rough tubercular muscular scar, which is not to be observed in perfect specimens of Ha- liotis albicans ; but this will be found to be uniformly the case with most specimens of Ear-shells which have an eroded or worm-eaten outer surface, even in species which have a searcely marked scar in their perfect or normal condition ; so that this difference, like the slit, appears to depend on the state of the shells and the animal which formed it. The interior of the shell presents a further peculiarity, but this is evidently caused by the same effects as the roughness of the muscu- lar scar and slit on the branchial ridge, viz. there is a more or less deep broad groove on the inner surface between the slit and the sub- 149 central muscular scar, which is more or less marked with regular cross grooves, and they are evidently impressions of the outer surface of the two branches of the gills. Only one of the specimens I have seen shows any indications of the outer surface of the shell, and in that it only forms a band about one-fourth of an inch wide on the edge of the outer lip ; it is pale, greyish, and concentrically striated, like the surface of the normal specimen of Haliotis albicans. This kind of monstrosity was to be expected, as the mantle of the animal is slit under the perforations on the shell; and we have in - Seissurella and in several fossil genera the perforations replaced by a more or less continued slit over the mantle ; but I have never before seen an Ear-shell with more than two holes united into a short slit by the absence of the shelly matter between them ; but when we examine the Haliotis albicans, the existence of the more distant ex- terior groove renders it the species in which one should more readily expect such an abnormal formation to occur. I have seen two specimens of two species of Haliotis, which ex- hibited just the converse deformity, that is, being without any appear- ance of the series of perforations, the place of the holes being occupied by a continued convex spiral rib, like the second rib in Padollus. Most probably in this individual the mantle of the animal was without any slit, and hence the malformation, the water being admitted to the gills by the slight notch in front of the ribs, as in some Emar- ginule or Scuta. Dr. Crisp exhibited the brain and a sketch of the head of a mon- oculous Lamb. It weighed 42 lbs., and was born alive at the full period of gestation. There was one large eye in the centre of the forehead, and the nostrils were absent. - The orbit was formed by the os frontis above, by the malar bones on each side, and below by the superior maxillary bone, the lachry- mal, nasal, turbinated bones and part of the os frontis being absent. The greater part of the interior of the cerebrum was absent, the cavity being occupied by serous fluid. The thalami, corpora striata and corpus callosum were deficient. No olfactory nerves existed. The right optic nerve only was present, and this entered the eye in the usual situation ; the other pairs of nerves were in their normal positions, but those to the muscles of the eye could not be clearly traced. The humours of the eye were apparently natural, but the cornea was rather opaque ; the diameter of the organ was 14 lines; the weight of the humours 40 grs.; the crystalline lens large and well formed. Tn Vrolik’s ‘ Tabule ad illustrandum Embryogenesin Hominis et Mammalium,’ a case is related and drawings given of a somewhat similar monstrosity inalamb. In this instance, also, “the greater part of the cerebrum was wanting, and no olfactory nerves were present ; 150 the two optic nerves appeared to unite without decussation ; the eye was large, and two pupils existed ; the nostrils were absent.” Dr. Crisp remarked, that although the Cyclops variety of mon- strosity was not very rare, but few cases were on record of the dis- section of the brain. June 10, 1856. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., in the Chair. 1. On two New Sprrcises or Hummine BIRDS BELONGING TO THE GENUS AMAZzILIUsS. By Joun Gou_p, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., ETC. AMAZILIUS CERVINIVENTRIS, Gould. Head, all the upper surface and wing- and upper tail-coverts bronzy-green ; wings purplish-brown; tail dark chestnut-red, each feather narrowly bordered and tipped with a bronzy lustre, which is of greatest extent and most conspicuous on the two centre tail- feathers; throat and chest luminous green; under surface of the shoulder and flanks dull green ; abdomen and under tail-coverts fawn- colour ; thighs white ; upper mandible yellow at the base, merging into brown and tipped with black ; under mandible pale yellow, ex- cept at the tip, which is black. Total length, 4 inches; bill, 15; wing, 21; tail, 15. Hab. Cordova, in Mexico. Collected by M. Sallé. Remark.—This species is about the size of 4, Riefferi; but its bill is less robust; the wings, as in that species, are uniform pur- plish-brown; the chestnut colouring of the tail-feathers and the under tail-coverts is of a somewhat lighter hue. AMAZILIUS CASTANEIVENTRIS, Gould. Crown of the head, upper part of the back and shoulders reddish- bronze ; rump and upper tail-coverts greyish, with a bronzy;lustre ; wings purplish-brown, with the exception of the basal portion of the primaries and secondaries, which are rufous; tail dark chestnut, tipped with a bronzy lustre, of greatest extent and most conspicuous on the centre feathers; throat, fore part of the neck, breast, and upper part of the abdomen shining golden-green ; under surface of the shoulders, lower part of the abdomen and under tail-coverts fine chestnut-red ; thighs white ; upper mandible brownish-black ; under mandible fleshy-yellow, except at the tip, which is brownish-black. Total length, 3} inches; bill, 2; wing, 2; tail, 14. Hab. Santa Fé de Bogota. From the Collection of Mr. Mark. Remark.—This species differs from 4. cerviniventris in the much greater depth of the chestnut colouring of the abdomen, under tail- 151 coverts and tail; in size it is considerably less than that species, being even smaller than 4. Arsinoé, to which it offers an alliance in the colouring of its wings, but from which it differs in the colouring of its abdomen; the white feathers of the thighs are much developed and very conspicuous. + 2. On some DeFEcTs IN THE GROWTH OF THE ANTLERS, AND SOME RESULTS OF CASTRATION, IN THE CERVIDE. By Joun S. Gasxorn, F.L.S. etc. The imperfect growth of one antler, or horn, in any species of the Deer tribe, the other being fully developed according with the age of the animal, I find has been, from time immemorial, popularly attri- buted to some disease or ailment of the testicle, or kidney, or even of a limb, of the side on which the defective antler may exist ; so that to doubt its truth now would, to the uninquiring, seem to be mock- ing experience. Some time ago, a member of this Society exhibited at one of the scientific meetings the head of a Fallow Deer (Cervus Dama), which had been killed in Richmond Park, for the table, and selected, of course, from its mature age and fine condition ; one antler of which was of ample growth for an eight years old animal, while the other consisted simply of the brow tine or antler and a short beam, each about eight or ten inches in length; and the park-keeper had ascribed this deficient development to disease of the kidney of the same side. No light was thrown on tbe subject at the time, and members, to whom the opportunity might occur, were invited to in- quire into the correctness or otherwise of the attributed cause in other instances. It was the first occasion on which I had heard the question mooted. The deduction given, as to cause and effect, was obviously at variance with sound physiology. That the growth of a horn on one side should be impeded, and not that on the other also, when disease of a kidney, a testis, &c. is the cause of arrested pro- duction, must be from some accidental circumstance, and cannot be incidental to any such derangement; for organic disease of the viscera named, or of any other viscus, always deteriorates more or less, according to its severity and duration, the general constitutional health, and not that of a particular part only of the animal economy ; —and moreover, the disease of no organ in a more remarkable manner influences by depressing the powers of the system, nor tends more surely to a fatal termination, than organic disease of the kidney ;— whereas, in the case adduced as having arisen from such a disease, the animal was, on the contrary, in excellent health and admirable case. A paradox so apparent induced me to desire to investigate the subject, with the view of setting aside a popular error, if such, and substi- tuting a rational deduction from facts; and having communicated my wish to Colonel Francis H. Seymour, deputy-ranger of Windsor Great Park, in which a larger stock of deer is kept than perhaps in * any other in the kingdom, he most readily bid me furnish him with a written list of what I might require to prosecute my intention. It enumerated,——the head, with the antlers attached, of any buck that 152 might be shot, having one horn only, of defective development ; the kidneys, and the testes with their appendages, of the same animal ; denoting the side from which each organ had been taken. This he very kindly immediately forwarded to John Cole, the head-keeper, with orders to carry out my wish on any opportunity occurring ; and during the autumn of 1853 I received three cases, each containing all I had solicited, and the several parts duly labeled, as I had re- quested *. The antlers attached to the skulls of two are now on the table, and the other pair of antlers, which were detached. All these bucks were over eight years of age. I carefully examined the several organs belonging to each individual, having the advantage of the assistance of my friend Dr. Crisp in the first and the third examples; and I claim credit from the Society, on the part of both Dr. Crisp and myself, for knowledge of the difference of healthy from diseased structure. We found that every organ examined of each of the three animals was perfectly healthy, normal, and in every respect fully developed, as were all the animals from which they had been taken in most unexceptional health and in high condition; in testimony of which they had been killed for the table. I will now give the measurements of the antlers, and the weights of the testes and kidneys, of all the three animals, designating the side from which each had been taken respectively. Measurements of the Antlers. Developed Antler. ; Defective Antler. in. in. No. 1. Beam, to the anterior A simple bifurcation. point of the palm .. 223 | ame Rare Brow tine, or antler .. 8 Brow tine, or antler .. 7 Bis tine, or antler .... 4& Vide fig. 1. No. 2. Beam, to the anterior point of the palm .. 214 Bifurcate. Brow tine, or antler .. 63 GaN ces te ae oe ee 103 Bis tine, or antler .... 54 Brow antler ........ 10 No. 3. Beam, to the anterior : point of the palm .. 22 Bifurcate. Brow tine, or antler .. 63 BGAN . CaS sys ore Bis tine, or antler .... 38 Brow’ antler 2)... 8 Vide fig. 2. Weights of the Testes. Side of the developed Antler. Side of the defective Antler. No. 1. 2 ounces 210 grains. 2 ounces 160 grains. No. 2. 2 ounces 140 grains. 2 ounces 155 grains. No. 3. 2 ounces 128 grains. 2 ounces 138 grains. * I must here offer to Cole my thanks for the intelligent care with which he fulfilled the directions, and for the interest he took, and is still taking, in assist- ing me in these inquiries. 153 The spermatozoa of each exhibited, when magnified 250 diameters, perfect similarity and full and healthy development. Weights of the Kidneys. Side of the developed Antler. Side of the defective Antler. No. 1. 4 ounces. 4 ounces 65 grains. No. 2. 4 ounces 30 grains. 4 ounces 10 grains. No. 3. 4 ounces 63 grains. 4 ounces 32 grains. Such a similarity of results, from the investigation of two bucks only, might have occurred as a mere coincidence ; but a third, when all had been selected for another purpose, having no reference what- ever to this inquiry, and having been taken consecutively, will esta- blish, I think, the fact, that defective growth of one antler only, in the same buck, is not caused by an unhealthy state of kidney, of testicle, nor of any other organ, nor ailment of the animal. That a defective horn and a diseased organ may be coexistent, and even on the same side, there can be no question; but that would be a mere casualty, a “non sequitur.” Arriving at this obvious conclusion, I declined imposing further on the kindness I had received, and the trouble I had given, by requiring other examples of the sort for in- vestigation. I have, however, placed on the table three other pairs of antlers attached to their respective skulls, in which the disparity of each antler with its fellow (vide figs. 3 & 4) is scarcely less remarkable than those I have just described; and the bucks which produced them were in every respect in equally perfect health and excellent condition, and were, in consequence, chosen for the Royal larder. 154 I could place before the Society parallel instances without end, but I have considered it unnecessary to offer more. There can be no doubt that the growth of doth antlers may be simultaneously impeded, by a state of general ill-health of an animal, from whatever cause it may have arisen, a diseased organ, or other ailment; it remains to be accounted for, how oze horn only should so frequently be affected in animals possessing perfect constitutional health. No one, I imagine, can have observed the herds of deer in parks, without noticing always several among each, having one more or less incomplete antler, and sometimes both; and if these were caused by any disease, the circumstance would indicate an unwhole- some condition of the stocks of all parks in the kingdom. From the conversations and correspondence I have had with most expe- rienced park-keepers, and others well versed in knowledge of deer, and from my own observations, I have no doubt that the occurrence is almost invariably from external injury to the horn itself during the time of its formation, or to the hairy vascular integument, or “yelvet,’’ by which it is invested during that period. An instance illustrative of this opinion I witnessed in our Gardens some two years ago. An Axis Deer (Cervus Axis), whose antlers were about half produced, was required to be caught, and in making resistance, it sprang up, and being in a small pen, struck one horn against the roof, by which it was fractured, about three inches from its extremity, without rupturing or injuring the velvet covering; and the brow- eee = 155 antler, at the same time, had a considerable portion of the integu- ment forced off, so that it bled profusely, and I stopped the hemor- rhage by tying the part with twine. The fractured part swelled, and although not displaced from its natural position, it did not reunite, and in ten days separated ; and in about the same period the portion beyond the ligature became dead and also fell off, or more probably they were rubbed off instinctively by the animal ;—from neither of these points did any increase of growth afterwards occur. Thus the fracture of the horn in the one instance, and the destruction of the “velvet? in the other, equally incapacitated Nature to repair the in- jury, or to continue the growth. I may observe that the horns of the Cervide during their formation are to a certain degree flexible, and may be broken as short and as easily as a raw carrot. Accidents similar in result to those I have now described, from the pugnacious disposition of bucks towards each other, are frequently occurring ; and although, during the time of the production of the horns, they will not use them either for attack or defence, they are not the more peacefully disposed on that account; but their attacks and defence are then carried on by their teeth, or by the employment of their sharp, wedge-shaped hoofs ; striking sometimes with one, or by rear- ing the body, greater force is given and both are brought into action ; —and the head being the part usually aimed at, the soft horns are liable to be fractured, or the investing vascular integument to be torn; in the former case it never again unites, and the extreme part falls; and in the latter it may be such as to destroy the capability of further production, and that especially if the injury be at the points of the growing antler. Of the power and precision with which the Cervide are able to strike with their hoofs, Gilbert White relates a remarkable example in a hind, which, to protect its fawn from an approaching lurcher, “rushed out of the brake, and taking a vast spring with all her feet close together, pitched on the neck of the dog and broke it short in two.” That the popular error I have endeavoured to refute should have arisen cannot be surprising, when we reflect how common was the custom, in the “olden time,” to emasculate bucks to become “hevers,”’ or “ heaviers,”’ that the board of the epicure might teem with “good fat venison ”’ all the year through ; and the modes too, or rather degrees of completeness, and the age of the animals when the operation may be performed, being followed by different, and by almost uniform results in each instance, were so likely to impress on the minds of those witnessing them a notion of some marvellous relation of the horns with the testes. I will conclude this paper by cursorily stating the effects of perfect and imperfect castration at different ages of the animals. Sir Philip de Grey Egerton, Bart., informed me by letter that, ‘‘ In order to test the accuracy of a vulgar notion, that a relation subsisted between the testicle and the horn, and that an injury to one of the former caused a corresponding deficiency in one of the latter, I had two buck fawns deprived, one of the right, the other of the left testicle. The result was that they nevertheless put up horns, and, as far as I could 156 judge, without any discrepancy between the right and the left horns.” Fawns, when cut prior to the formation of any horn, that is within a week or so after birth, both testes being wholly removed, with a portion of the cord (vas deferens) also, will never bear horns, how- ever long they may live; but if the bodies of the testes only be taken away, the “‘knob”’ (epididymis) being left attached to the cord, the animal will have horns, and renew them annually; the shedding being always rather later in the season, and the velvet covering re- maining for a somewhat longer period on their surface than with the entire buck; and further, they will be more slender in the beam, and more porous in their internal structure. These semi-castrated, if I may so style them, animals will go into rut, but not to the degree which produces emaciation; nor does the great thickening of the neck occur, which is so characteristic in the perfect animal during that peculiar season; nor are they capable of procreation. When the adult buck is castrated, the horns are shed shortly after- wards, and renewed; but the persistent periosteum, or “ velvet,” never separates from their surface, and the horns do not again fall, but remain attached during any period the animal may survive. These permanent antlers are often more developed than those pro- duced by entire bucks of equivalent age, which I think may be well accounted for from the fattened state, and the longer influence from the continued adherence of the vascular integument by which the horns are formed. I may here observe, that circulation continues in the bone or horn after the periosteum has separated, and that, di- minishing by degrees, first from the points, the vessels become obli- terated, and vitality therefore ceasing, it is cast off. Redi, im his ‘ Experimenta Naturalia,’ on the castration of deer, says, ‘‘ Si cervus juvenis castretur, nondum emissis cornubus, cornua nunquam emittit; si castretur jam emissis cornubus, cornua nunquam mutat ; sed que dum castretur habet, castratus semper retinet. Et hac in re verior est Aristotelis, Plinii, et Solini, quam Oppiani sententia, libro se- cundo, de venatione versu.” (1675, 12mo. p. 162.) Redi is right enough in his first proposition, but, with his ancient authorities, sadly out in the two latter. Nature seems to employ different modes to cause the shedding of the antlers in the entire and in the gelded buck (I am alluding principally to the Fallow and to the Red Deer) ; the former being by secretion, the latter by absorption mainly. In the perfect animal the base of the horn is separated from its circular adhesion by a secretion from the conjoined surface of the cranium of a thin brownish fluid, which will even exude below the burr; and which is, in fact, the humid incipient process set up to form the succeeding antler; and the former bony union being thus detached, the horn falls. In the castrati the horn is divided from its attach- ment by absorption of the base of the antler, sometimes only hori- zontally (vide fig. 5), at others forming a concavity, or even a deep and irregular excavation (fig. 6); and occasionally the burr will be partially and sometimes entirely absorbed before the antler is shed (fig. 7). The rapidity of this process is the more remarkable after castration of adult bucks, it being in proportion as the operation is 157 performed nearer the natural time of detachment of the semi-dead bone; thus, if it be about the end of March or so, the horns are cast in a fortnight ; but if done shortly after the “ velvet’? has separated from the newly perfected antlers, in the month of September or thereabouts, they are shed in a month afterwards. Specimens of these absorptions, and also examples of the bases of the horns shed by the entire animal, are here for the examination of the Society *. I have purposely avoided citing authors, and have sought to relate facts only ; my sole object in pursuing the inquiry I have detailed, being to endeavour thereby to expose the fallacy of some of the tra- ditional vulgar errors respecting deer, and especially that of lateral- ity, whether the influence be inferred to be exercised from the one side or the other, which have been handed down from, and are only worthy of, the remote ages whence they emanated. P.S.—Within a few days, and since my having written theforegoing, a paper has been published in the ‘ Proceedings of the Linnean So- ciety,’ “On the influence of the Sexual Organs in modifying External Character,’ by my friend Mr. Yarrell, from whom I am extremely sorry to be obliged to differ as to some of the conclusions he has * Figures 5, 6 and 7 are from specimens, Nos. ‘©3558. Shed antler of a Fallow Deer, from which half of each testicle had been removed soon after birth, 3563. Shed antler of a castrated Fallow Deer, 3565. Shed antler of a castrated Fallow Deer,” in the Museum of the College of Surgeons. 158 drawn from circumstances he has related, but which, nevertheless, I must not allow to pass unnoticed as they bear upon the immediate object of my paper. The author states, that “a red hind in the forest of the Duke of Gordon was observed to carry a single horn on one side of her head,—such a horn as the male red deer bears in his third year.”” She was shot. ‘‘ And on internal examination by two competent persons, she was found to have a scirrhous ovary on the opposite side to that on which she bore the horn.’ Here we have a lusus nature, and an organic disease, coexisting in the same ani- mal; and there can be no physiological reason why such might not be the case, and certainly there can be none that they should. The author proceeds :—‘‘A red hind, in the park at Holkham, was ob- served to carry one horn of some length...... To add to the interest in this case, this hind dropped a calf; we may therefore suppose, the cornua and ovaries being double, that one side was healthy and perfect, and the other side probably diseased.” I think, however, it would be more within the range of pro- bability, and more natural, to suppose, as this hind had borne a calf (malgré the horn), that both her ovaries were sound, since the healthy exercise of the sexual functions, and also the fecundating powers of the ovaries were perfectly undisturbed. The deduction, that because a diseased ovary was once found to exist in a hind bear- ing a horn, that therefore all hinds bearing a horn must necessarily have a diseased ovary, cannot rest on the slightest validity ; and all general conclusions, drawn from individual instances, must ever be the causes of error; and they are but too frequently errors in them- selves. There are freaks of nature (/usus nature) which cannot physiologically be accounted for. ‘“ Felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere cansas.”” Hinds may be furnished with a horn, and entire stags be destitute of antlers, &c.* Colonel M‘Doual, late of the 2nd Life Guards, related to me, that while deer-stalking on his grounds, and being concealed from a herd that had gently approached him,—with hinds only, as he believed, —within range of his rifle, his keeper urged him to shoot one among them which was larger than the rest. He would not, however, do so, and when too late, he was assured that the animal had been long known to the keepers as a polled stag; of which he too was presently satisfied, by observing him advance towards some other stags, attack them, and drive them to some distance, and then return to herd again with the hinds. The author relates also a similar experiment, excepting the difference of age, to that given in a former part of this paper, of the removal of a testis from each of two bucks, Cervus Dama (four years old), the one from the left, the other from the right side; and observes: ‘ Neither * The human hands are sometimes bestrewed with warts; the human frame totally denuded of hair, pubescent and other; and the hair becomes more or less suddenly perfectly white ; but no diminution of wonted health, moral, physical, or sexual, precedes, accompanies or follows these states; although often during future existence, not a vestige of the pilous covering recurs, nor is the colour of the hair restored. Two instances of such albinism have occurred in our gardens in Barbary Mice (Mus Barbarus, Linn.), where one may still be seen. 159 of these bucks cast either horn, nor was any lateral influence ob- servable. They shed their horns as usual in the following spring, the new horns coming in due course; but in the autumn, when the horns had ceased to grow, and [had] become hard, all four horns were those of the third year, and not those of the fifth year: no lateral influence was observable, but it was plainly shown that the dimi- nished sexual power, consequent upon the operation, had produced a corresponding diminution in the size of the horns in both cases.” That any “diminished sexual power’’ existed per se, as the cause of the deficient size of the horns in these instances, is, as in the case of the hind which dropped a calf having a diseased ovary, quite con- jectural ; but the horns not being fully developed, according with the age of the animals, after such an operation as the removal of a testicle, I conceive may be satisfactorily explained on more likely and on reasonable grounds, viz. the consequent deterioration of the -general health which ordinarily would follow such a shock to the system, which in the adult animal is often severe, and the local dis- turbance very great. During ill-health and debility, secretion is im- peded and absorption increased, the body becoming lean and the muscles losing their volume, and the secretion of horny (bony) sub- stance, in common with that of all other solid secretions, would partake of the lessened action of the producing quality of the blood. It is from few facts that sexual power can be estimated ; and I believe the . loss of one testicle no more impairs that power than the loss of one eye impairs the vision of the other ;—of course I speak of animals in perfect health. In the human race I know two examples, where marriage, after extirpation of one testis, was followed by a fine, and a resembling progeny to the male parent. It is much to be re- gretted that the further observation of these two bucks was prevented by the sale of the Society’s stock at the farm at Kingston, as, on the recovery of their health and strength, I believe the horns afterwards produced would have borne testimony of the increase of their age. 3. Description oF New Species oF SHELLS COLLECTED BY Mr. T. BripGEs IN THE Bay or PANAMA AND ITS VICINITY, IN THE COLLECTION OF HuGu Cuming, Ese. By Puruire P. CARPENTER. Note.—Mr. Cuming, knowing that I am now engaged in working out the shells of the West Coast of North America for a Report: at the forthcoming meeting of the British Association, has most kindly sent me all the shells lately collected by Mr. Bridges which he regards as new, with a request that I should describe them for him; at the same time enclosing the published species which he regarded as being the most allied forms. I trust to his well-known accuracy for the fact of their not being as yet described. Unfortunately many of the specimens had gone through the acid process, which has destroyed much of the microscopic markings which often furnish the best guide for the discrimination of species. Warrington, June 9th, 1856. 160 1. Srrigitya DissuNCTA, n.s. S. testa satis magna, alba, tenut, planata ; inequilaterali, postice producta; marginibus dor- salibus subrectis, ad angulam 120°, aliis bene arcuatis ; lineis incrementi vix monstrantibus ; lineis undulatis exillimis, antice concentricis, umbones versus ascendentibus, sinu angustiore ; dein ad marginem ventralem rapide descendentibus ; dein subito, angulo acuto, circiter 20° postice rursus ascendentibus ; lineis angularum in valva utraque haud convenientibus; margine postico sinuato, sculptura postea fortiore; margine antico quoque sinuato; lunula distincta, sinuata ; ligamento sub- elongato; dent. card. valva altera uno parvo et uno magno bifido ; altera uno parvo bifido; dent. lat. acutioribus, haud distantibus. Long. 1°35, lat. 1°54, alt. *54 poll. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi ; legit 7. Bridges. (Mus. Cuming. sp. duo. Hae to S. sincera, Hanl. ; remarkable for its large size and very fine markings, and named from the lines of markings in the two valves not agreeing at the edges. 2. Tevurna Desnayest, n.s. T. testa “T. exili”’ simili, sed multo magis inequilaterali ; ligamento solido ; postice vix ros- trata. Long. °56, lat. °9, alt. +26 poll. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit T. Bridges. Sp. un. in Mus. Cuming. 3. ?ScROBICULARIA VIRIDO-TINCTA, 1. 8s. 2S. festa “?S. pro- ductee”’ simili; sed latiore, ovali, tenuiore, magis planata, antice haud producta, alba ; umbonibus viridi tinctis. Long. 1°42, lat. 2°05, alt. -65 poll. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi, una cum ? 8. producta ; legit T. Bridges. Sp. un. in Mus. Cuming. Another of the species intermediate between Te/lina and Scrobi- cularia proper, and apparently nearer to the former genus. 4. SEMELE PLANATA, n. s. S. testa subtriangulari, margine ventrali valde excurvato ; cinereo-albida, circa lunulam mini- mam et aream ligamenti roseo eleganter penicillata, intus flavido tincta ; rugis concentricis subdistantibus, irregularibus, parum elevatis ; striulis creberrimis radiantibus, valde irregularibus, rugulosis sculpta; postice maxime sinuata; valva una magis quam altera planata; fossa ligamenti recta, angusta; sinu pallii modico, lato. Long. 1°4, lat. 1°56, alt. -47 poll. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit 7. Bridges. Sp. un. m Mus. Cuming. Differs from S. punctata, Sow., in the absence of punctures, in the triangular dorsal margins, unequal flattening of the valves, straight narrow hinge-pit, and the much smaller size of the pallial sinus. 161 5. Macrra (Macrretra) vacinata, n.s. M. testa parva, te- nuissima, cinerea, ventricosa ; postice angulata, carina modica, Jimbriata ; leviori, concentrice vix undulata, rugulis epider- midis tenuis subdistantibus ornata ; subequilaterali, umbonibus prominentibus ; dent. card. parvis, lat. acutis, haud distanti- bus ; sinu pallii parvo, subangulato. Long. °56, lat. -69, alt. -4 poll. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit 7. Bridges. Mus. Cuming, sp. tria. Has a general similarity to M. angulata and kindred species. Re- markable for the epidermal fringe on the keel and regular concentric wrinkles, 6. CycLina propvcta, n.s. C. testa tenut, ventricosiore, alba, ventraliter producta ; concentrice tenuissime striata 3 margini- bus subregulariter arcuatis ; umbonibus eleganter incurvatis ; lunula nulla, linea cordiformi vix monstrante; area ligamenti elongata; dent. card. valva altera postico bifido, anticis ii., contiguis ; altera posticis ii. acutis, elongatis, antico acuto ; sinu pallit subangulato, umbones versus Sere dimidium ascen- dente. Long. 1°62, lat. 1°58, alt. 1°05 poll. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit 7. Bridges. Sp. un. in Mus. Cuming. In shape something like Cyrena maritima, C. B. Ad., but in habit resembling Cyclina subquadrata, Haul. (= Artemis saccata, Gould). 7. Mevamrus Brincesn, n.s. M. testa parva, ovali, nigro- Jusca, nitida; anfr. viii., sutura haud impressa, in spiram tenue spiraliter striulata ; marginibus spire regulariter excur- vatis ; apertura pyriformi, labro acuto, nec calloso nec dentato £ columella triplicata; plicis, antica spirali, obliqua; media acuta, transversa, subparietali ; postica parictali, parva. Long. *28, long. spir. -08, lat. -12 poll., div. utraque parte vari- ante. Hab. Ad ora Sinus Panamensis; legit 7. Bridges. Sp. tria in Mus. Cuming. Has the general appearance of M. Adamsianus, Pfr., from N, Ireland, but is much more slender, with a simple labrum. 8. UmBreLwa ovatis, n.s. U. testa “U. Indice’ simili 5 sed margine haud undulato, regulariter ovali ; apice spirali, sub- prominente, minus inequilaterali; epidermide tenui, haud nitente ; adulta intus aurantia. Test. jun. long. 1-93, lat. 1-58 poll. Hab. Ad ostia fluminis Chiriqui, in Sinn Panamensi ; legit 7. Bridges. Sp. duo in Mus. Cuming. Concerning this remarkable shell, hitherto only found in the old world, and, in spite of the bulk of its animal, not observed by either Mr. Cuming, Prof. Adams, or Mr. Hinds, Mr. Cuming writes that No. CCCXI.—Procrrpines or THE Zoo.oGicat Soctety. ee 162 it was not only brought by Mr. Bridges, but also by a gentleman in Paris, who collected it exactly in the same place. Two specimens are in Mr. Cuming’s collection, of which one, very much thickened, appears to have formed part of a much larger shell. 9. PyrGuLa quapricostaTa, n.s. P. testa ovali, alba, spira haud acuminata, marginibus excurvatis ; -carinis iv. acutis cincta, quarum ii. in spira extant, tertia vie supra suturam impressam apparet, quarta circa basin; aperturam versus, costulis incrementi decussata ; apertura lata; labro tenui a plica quarta parietal: interrupta. Long. ‘28, long. spir. *16, lat. *15, div. 40°. Hab. In? flumina Sinus Panamensis ; ; legit T. Bridges. Sp. un. in Mus. Cuming. This pretty little shell is the Pacific analogue of the Swiss species for which the genus was constituted; differing, however, in form and number of keels. The specimen has been tenanted by a hermit crab, and has Bryozoa near the mouth. 10. Erato ? Mavuceriza, var. Panamensis. FE. testa “ E. Maugerie”’ simillima, sed majore, vix graciliore, apice minore, spira plerumque extantiore. Long. *28, long. spir. 03, lat. -18, div. 130°. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit T. Bridges. Sp. tria in Mus. Cuming. The differences are so very trifling between the specimens exa- mined from the Pacific and West Indies as not to justify (without further knowledge) a specific separation. They do not appear con- stant in either type. The first whorl in the Pacific shells is some- what smaller, while the shell is larger. 11. ? CrrHara stnvuaTa, u.s. C. testa trapezoidea, spira sub- elevata, marginibus excurvatis ; albida, rufo-fusco varie tincta ; anfr. ix., subrotundatis, sutura parum impressa, quarum iii. nucleosi, diaphani, leaves, dein liris spiralibus et radiantibus fortiter cancellatis ; normaliter lirulis radiantibus et striulis spiralibus tenue sculptis, in anfr. ult. subobsoletis ; apertura lineata, canali anteriore haud profundo, curtissimo; labro acuto, ad dorsum calloso, sinu antico parvo, postico angusto, profundo, intus haud denticulato ; labio parietali haud calloso. Long. *43, long. spir. 18, lat. *17, div. 43°. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit T. Bridges. Sp. tria in Mus. Cuming. Closely related to Piuricaan concinna, C. B. Adams, Pan. Shells, No. 167, from the description of which it differs in the whorls not being angular, and the sculpture on the spire being coarser, instead of finer, than the rest. 12. MANGELIA AcuTiIcosTaTA, n.s. WM. testa parva, turrita, albida, rufo-fusco tincta ; marginibus spire excurvatis ; anfr. vii. subtumentibus, superne obtuse angulatis, sutura impressa ; 163 costis radiantibus acutis, angustis, circiter ix. subobliquis ; in- terstitiis latis, confertissime et minutissime spiraliter striulatis; apertura subelongata; labro acuto, simplici, sinu rotundato, aperto ; ad dorsum varice acuto, extante; labro tenui. Long. *32, long. spir. +16, lat. :12, div. 30°. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit 7. Bridges. Sp. un. in Mus. Cuming. Intermediate between M. rigida, Hinds, and M. striosa, C. B. Adams. 13. Maneeria ? riema, var. FuscoticatTa. M. testa “M. rigide”’ simili; sed graciliore, costis acutioribus, lineis spi- ralibus minus expressis, fascia rufo-fusca super suturam plus minusve conspicua. Long. *27, long. spir. °15, lat. -08, div. 28°. Variat t. plus minusve elevata, seu latiore. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit T. Bridges. Mus. Cuming. As far as can be judged from a comparison of nine specimens brought by Mr. Bridges with two of M. rigida, Hinds, this is a very variable species, differing in colour, strength of sculpture, solidity, or spiral elevation. M. neglecta, C. B. Ad., four specimens of which were found to vary, may also prove a brown variety of the same species. / 14, Derrancia INTERCALARIS, 0. s. D. testa graciliore, pal- a J} lide castanea, fascia circa peripheriam pallidiore, spira elevata, marginibus rectis ; anfr. x. rotundatis, suturis parum impressis ; costis radiantibus supra circiter xi. rotundatis, interstitiis latis ; infra aliis intercalantibus ; lirulis spiralibus, subdis- tantibus, in spira plerumque iii., ad basin erebrioribus ; rugulis radiantibus minutissimis tota superficie sub lente confertissime ornata ; apertura ovali, canali brevi; labro margine acuto, vix serrato, intus denticulato, ad dorsum varice prominente, latera- liter compresso ; sinu postico rotundato, aperto, sutura vix attingente, callositate parietali parva. Long. -64, long. spir. *35, lat. :24, div. 25°. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit T. Bridges. Sp. un. in Mus. Cuming. With some of the characters of Drillia, and a loose resemblance ___ to Pleurotoma gracillima, this shell seems to have most affinity with _ Defrancia rava, Hinds. 5. DEPRANCIA SERRATA, n. 8. D. testa parva, turrita, mar- ginibus spire excurvatis; albida, rufo-fusco fasciata ; fascia aream sinus inplente, dein circa basin continua; anfr. viii. convexis, costis rotundatis xii., circa basin obsoletis, et lirulis spiralibus costarum apices serrantibus, iii. in spiram monstran- tibus, eleganter instructis ; apertura subquadrata; labro ad marginem serrato, intus tuberculis v., ad dorsum varice valde prominente, ornato ; sinu rotundato, lato ; labio subrugoso. Long. 3, long. spir. -18, lat. *12, div. 28°. 164 Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit 7'. Bridges. Sp. un. in Mus. Cuming. Has the general aspect of Mangelia rigida, var. fuscoligata; and also resembles D. rava, Hinds. 16. Drintia PUNCTATOSTRIATA, n. 8. D. testa intense pur- pureo-fusca, gracili, spira acuminata, marginibus excurvatis ; anfr. x. satis rotundatis, suturis haud impressis ; lirulis spt- ralibus acutis, distantibus, quarum ill.—v. in spira monstrantur, supra costis radiantibus inconspicuis circiter xx. obliquis, no- dosis ; juata suturam carina haud extante; area sinus lineis incrementi costis convenientibus vie decussata ; apertura elon- gata, intus haud denticulata, canali minimo ; labro margine acuto, haud serrato, ad dorsum tumente ; sinu antico minore, postico rotundato, profundo, faucibus coarctatis ; labio haud calloso ; tota superficie sub lente minutissime et confertim punctato-striata. Long. ‘75, long. spir. ‘4, lat. +26, div. 27°. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit 7. Bridges. Sp. un. in Mus. Cuming. 17. ? PrevroroMa GRACILLIMA, n. s. 2? P. testa gracillima, pallide castanea, spira acuta, elevata, marginibus rectis ; anfr. xii. rotundatis, sutura impressa; costibus radiantibus sub- declivibus xviii., ad jugum acutis, interstitus parvis; lrulis spiralibus acutis, quarum ili. sive iv. in spiram monstrantur, ad intersectiones nodulosis; carina infrasuturali haud extante ; area sinus latiore, sublevi; tota superficie minutissime spi- raliter striulata, in spira radiatim ecorrugulata; apertura ovali, canali subelongato ; labro margine acuto, vix serrato, ad dorsum valde calloso; sinu antico parvo, postico rotundato, aperto, suture contiguo, haud attingente ; callositate parietali vix monstrante. Long. ‘83, long. spir. *49, lat. *24, div. 20°. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi ; legit 7’. Bridges. Sp. unicum in Mus, Cuming. Has many of the characters of Drillia and Defrancia; but the canal appears long enough to give it a place among the true Plew- rotome. Bary 18. SCALARIA REGULARIS, n. s. S. testa parva, turrita, alba ; anfr. ix. parum attingentibus ; costis x.—xii. validioribus, ex- tantibus, lineis subspiralibus apicem versus continyis ; striulis spiralibus subobsoletis ; umbilico nullo. Long. *27, long. spir. *19, lat. -13, div. 32°. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit 7. Bridges. Sp. tria in Mus. Cuming. The ribs are stronger, more projecting, and the spiral sculpture fainter than in S. Mindorensis. mm 19. Scavarta TIARA, n. 8s. S. testa obesa, levi, albida ; anfr. vii. parum attingentibus, rapide augentibus ; costis xii. acutis, 165 valde extantibus, infra suturam parum alatis, attingentibus, lineis rectis ad apicem continuis ; umbilico nullo. Long. *27, long. spir. -16, lat. *16, div. 48°. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit 7 Bridges. Sp. un. in Mus. Cuming. Distinguished from S. obesa, Sow., by the small size of the cor- responding whorls, slightly winged shoulders, and want of umbilicus. 20. ScaLaRIA SUBNODOSA, n. 8. S. éesta turrita, alba, gracili, levi, anfr. xii. haud separatis; costis xiv.-xvi. plerumque acutis, huc et illuc latis, subdeclivibus, superne vix alatis ; um- bilico nullo. Long. 1:4, long. spir. 1-06, lat. *5, div. 23°. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi ; legit 7’. Bridges. Sp.un. in Mus. Cuming. ; 21. Scatarra Cumineur, n.s. S. testa “8S. mitrseformi” si- ¢ mili, sed paullum graciliore ; anfr. x. quarum iii. primi leves ; costis paucioribus, viii.-ix., minus coronatis, haud acutissimis, haud reflexis, striulis incrementi minutissime sculptis ; anfr. valde separatis. Long. °35, long. spir. +25, lat. +14, div. 30°. _ Hab. In Sinu Panamensi ;- legit T. Bridges. Sp. un. in Mus. Cuming. The lines ‘of growth on the varices show that the coronations were never so sharp and elevated as in S. mitreformis. 22. Scavaria Hinnsu, n.s. S. testa “S. Cumingii” simili, sed magis elongata, majore, anfr. x. haud profunde separatis ; varicibus acutis vill., acutius coronatis, liners regularibus, ad marginem alteram spire parallelis, ascendentibus. Long. 1°04, long. spir. -79, lat. -4, div. 25°. ‘Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit 7. Bridges. Sp. un. in Mus. Cuming *. 23. Narica excavata, n.s. N. testa “N. Broderipiane ”’ si- mili ; sed callositate parietali maxime elongata ; regione spt- rali umbilicari valde excavata ; albida, rufo-castanea lineis irregularibus radiantibus penicillata ; striulis radiantibus cre- brioribus. Long. 1-45, long. spir. +3, lat. 1°5, div. 130°. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit T. Bridges. 2 sp. in Mus. Cuming.—S.W. Mexico, P. P. C. This shell resembles NV. lineata (Philippines) in colouring ; but that shell is smooth, while the Panama shell has distinct, though not deep, radiating furrows, ending in a circum-umbilical line. 24, ? TRITON CREBRISTRIATUS, n. s. ? 7. testa “T. picto”’ __* The above species are published with doubt, as Scalarie are seldom seen in sufficient numbers to ascertain the limits of specific variation. Species described from one or two specimens must always be regarded simply as “ provisionally registered.” mw “p BA. — : ae 166 plerumque simulante ; sed striis crebris spiralibus cincta ; al- bida, rufo-castaneo dense maculata; apertura vix varicosa, intus simplict. Long. *58, long. spir. *34, lat. -24, div. 30°. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit T. Bridges. Sp. un. in Mus. Cuming. Is destitute of the expressed spiral ribs of 7’. pictus (s. g. Epi- dromus, H. & A. Ad. Gen. i. 103). The only specimen seen has no teeth in the aperture. It may be only on the verge of maturity, or it may belong to a Buccinoid genus. 25. Puos sipiicatus, n.s. Ph. testa subelevata, anfr. viii. parum rotundatis ; costis radiantibus circiter xi. rotundatis, interstitiis concavis ; liris spiralibus extantibus acutis, supra costas castaneo tinctis, quarum iv. in anfr. penult. videntur ; apertura contracta ; labro intus dense lirato, labio interdum rugoso ; columella plica acuta, canalem definiente, altera ob- tusa, vie bifida, superante ; canali acuto, recurvato, ad dorsum nodoso et infra carina acuta ornato; colore albido, purpureo- Susco tincto. Long. 1°05, long. spir. *6, lat. -64, div. 50°. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit 7. Bridges. Sp. un. in Mus. Curing. 26. Laryrus Tumens,n.s. JL. testa “ L. gracili”’ simillima, sed costis maxime tumentibus, attingentibus, sulcis spiralibus crebris ornata ; plicis columellaribus ii. quarta obsoleta. Long. 2°78, long. spir. 1°57, lat. 1-44, div. 50°. Hab. In Sinu Panamensi; legit 7. Bridges. Sp. un. in Mus. Cuming. In L. gracilis the spiral lines are few and raised ; in this species numerous and impressed. 4, Description or New SpEcIES AND VARIETIES OF CALyp- TREIDZ, TROCHIDZ, AND PyYRAMIDELLID, PRINCIPALLY IN THE COLLECTION oF HuGa Cumine, Ese. By Purp P. CarPENTER*. 1. CrucIBULUM VIOLASCENS?, n.s. Cr.t. solidiore, conica, albida, fusco maculata, intus violascente ; vertice nucleoso conspicuo, adunco, anfr. ii. subtumentibus, apice planato ; superficie rugis * Mr. Cuming, having most obligingly lent me (for comparison with Mazatlan species) his type-specimens of various genera that cannot well be identified merely by descriptions, has asked me at the same time to describe certain forms which appeared to have escaped the notice of previous writers. Of the group here named Chrysallida, the Vitrinelloid forms allied to Cyclostrema, and the West American species of Calyptreide, details will be found in the Catalogue of the British Museum Collection of Mazatlan Shells, now in the press. Warrington, June 9th, 1856. 167 plurimis parum irregularibus instructa, haud magnis, rotundatis, marginem huc et illuc pectinante ; interstitiis variantibus. Long. *94, lat. «78, alt. *48 poll. Hab. Ceylon ; legit Capt. Templeman. Sp. unic. in Mus. Cuming. Comp. Calyphea maculata, Quoy (non Brod.), Lam. An. s. Vert. ed. Desh. p. 628: The cup is unfortunately broken in the solitary specimen; but the attachment continues for 2rds of the height of the shell, with a very strong muscular scar at its side. It is distinguished by the close rounded ribs of the exterior and the rich violet of the inner surface. 2. CRUCIBULUM SPINOSUM, Var. COMPRESSO-CONICUM. Cr. spi- nosum abnormale, testa valde irregulari, conica, apicem aduncum versus lateraliter compressa, postea tumente; superficie hayd spinosa, albo-fusca, fusca varie maculata. Long. °9, lat. 95, alt. -75 poll. Div. apicem versus, longitudinaliter 90°, transversim 40°; postea 100°; in adulta 15°. Hab. California. In Mus. Cuming. This most abnormal specimen by itself would never be taken for Cr. spinosum; nevertheless the intermediate forms in the British Museum Mazatlan Collection, between this and the flat and spiny states, are so gradual and numerous, that I feel compelled to affiliate it to that most variable species. 3. CrucisuLUM ??ImBRICcATUM, var. CuminGiI. Cr. t. conica, tenui, albo-fusca, rubro-fusco varie maculata seu lineata ; vertice .. 1, satis adunco ; costis numerosis, sepe intercalantibus, usque ad xl., haud valde expressis, haud acutis, interstitiis tenue cor- rugatis ; margine acuto, sepe a costis palmato; cyatho albo, per duos trientes affizo, ad marginem interiorem subplanato. Long. 1°95, lat. 1°7, alt. 1:05 poll. Hab. In Sinu Callaoensi, ad Peruviam ; idem, Valparaiso. Mus. Cuming. The shell differs from the non-pitted forms of Cr. imbricatum, Sow. (described as C. dentatum by Mke), in being very much thinner, with the ribs much finer and more numerous. The cup also is not fixed quite so far. 4. Cr. ?Cumineu, var. CARIBBEENSE. Testa tenuissima, super- jicie ?haud corrugata, cyatho fusco tincto. Long. 11, lat. -95, alt. -5. Hab. Jn insula “St. Thomas” dicta, in Mari Caribbeensi. Mus. Cuming. A beautiful young specimen, in the Cumingian collection, differs from the Pacific form (1) in being thinner, which may be a peculi- arity of growth ; (2) in the want of corrugation of the surface, which may be the result of acid; (3) in a coloured stripe near the margin of the cup, which may be an individual idiosyncrasy. 168 5, CRUCIBULUM PECTINATUM, n.8. Cr. ¢. conica, aurantia, tenui- ore; vertice nucleoso subadunco, pene separato, anfr. iil. sub- tumentibus, sutura profunda, apice planato ; dein superficie levi, seu striis incrementi ; dein rugis radiantibus extantibus, peracutis, ad periodos incrementi laminis concentricis irregularibus inter- ruptis, interdum valde distantibus, interdum interstitiis parvis ; margine a rugis cavatis stellato; cyatho (testa ? adolescenti) haud continuo, intus indentato, marginibus ad ang. 50° distantibus. Long. 1-14, lat. -97, alt. °6 poll. Hab. Peru. Sp. un. in Mus. Cuming. This specimen is distinguished at once by its golden-orange colour, rather thin growth, and by the characters of the ribs and cup. The ribs are generally distant, always sharp, resembling a young ' Siphonaria gigas; and as the margins of growth are often left like caves, a series of irregular pits are then formed as in Cr. imbricatum. On one part of the shell are diagonal furrows, as in Cr. ?imbricatum, var. Broderipii ; but this may be an accidental peculiarity. The shape of the cup is as in the very young state of the other species, being a simple plate bent at an angle of 50° and there fastened at the two extremities to the inner surface of the shell. Other spe- cimens are in the British Museum collection. 6. CRUCIBULUM AURICULATUM, Chemn. Patella auriculata, Chemn. Conch. Cab. The Chemnitzian species is difficult to recognize. It is, however, most probably the West Indian form, answering to Cr. umbrella, Desh. (=C. rudis, Brod.). Perfect specimens are extremely rare in collections. On comparing a rather young shell in Mr. Cuming’s collection (in which the finer markings have been removed in the beautifying process) with a series of Cr. umbrella from 8.W. Mexico, I can scarcely find a single point of specific difference. The cup is attached only at the base, is white throughout, angulated in what would be the line of attachment, and indented along the inner margin. The outside has about thirty rather irregular ribs, which are neither sharp nor rounded. Colour whitish, speckled with brown. A large series from each side of the continent should be compared before the identity (or otherwise) of the species is decided. The comparative number and sharpness of the ribs are the principal points of difference. The colour varies greatly in the Pacific shells. 7. CruciBuLUM ? IMBRICATUM, var. BRODERIPII. = Cr. imbricatum, Brod. in Mus. Cuming: non C. imbricata, Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soc. pl. 27. f. 7. Cr. 2 imbricatum, t. albida, solida, subcompressa, conica ; interstitiis costarum et laminarum incrementi interdum magnis, profundis, haud regularibus, interdum evanescentibus ; superficiei parte rugis diagonalibus crebrioribus instructa. This shell, which has borne the name of Cr. imbricatum in the Cumingian collection, may not improbably be only a variety of that species; but as it offers distinctive characters in its remarkable 169 diagonal furrows, a name has been given to it in remembrance of the author of the Monograph in the Proceedings and Transactions of the Zoological Society. The shell figured as Calyptrea imbricata in the Transactions exactly accords with the young state of the ordinary thick, ribbed, and often pitted species of the W. American coast, figured by Sowerby under the same name in his ‘Genera,’ f. 5. An attempt to remodel the synonyiny of this shell will be found in the British Museum Mazatlan Catalogue. 8. CycLosTREMA EXCAvaTA, n.s. C. t. margariteformi, nitidiore, alba ; anfr. nucleosis ii., levibus ; dein anfr. uno et dimidio striulis minimis radiantibus, excurvatis ; dein anfr. ii. et dimidio norma- libus ; tota superficie minutissime spiraliter striatis ; basi regione umbilicali mavime excavata ; umbilico profunde spirali, anfractus ultimi dimidio solum monstrante ; apertura subrotundata. Long. °16, long. spir. 08, lat. -24 poll., div. 130°. Hab. In Mari Sinensi. Sp. unic. in Mus. Cuming. This shell appears glossy to the naked eye, and escapes from the fingers like a Zonites, but under the glass is beautifully sculptured. The first normal whorl appears as though engine-turned. 9. CycLosTREMA ocTOLIRATA, n.s. C. f¢. parva, alba, anfr. v., quorum duo et dimidium nucleosi sunt ; liris octo validis spiralibus cincta, quarum duo in spiram et una viv intus umbilicum maxime apertum site sunt; sutura profunda; apertura circulari, anfr. penult. vir attingente. Long. °4, lat. -6, div. 155°. Hab. in Mari Rubro. Sp. un. in Mus. Archer. The umbilicus is so wide as clearly to show the junction of the apical whorls at the top. The species appears too strong, and the adult portion too large in proportion to unite with Vitrinella, with which it agrees in many characters. 10. ?CycLosrrEMA PENTEGONIOSTOMA, n.s. ’C. ¢. subdiscoidea, parva, solidiore, alba ; anfr. v., quorum ultimi duo normales sunt ; carinis quingue cincta, una in spira, una valde prominente ad peripheriam, tuberculis obscuris undata, una in basi, duabus infra umbilicum maximum ; tota superficie minutissime et creberrime transversim striata; apertura circulari, parum attingente, a carinis angulata. | Long. -04, lat. :065—-09, div. 165°. Hab. In Mari Rubro. In Mus. Brit. repertura. Known at once from the tricarinate Vitrinelle by its strong growth, the undulating periphery of the principal keel, and the very minute radiating strize. 11. ? ViTRINELLA SPIRULOIDES, n.s. V. t. hyalina, diaphana, minima, tenuissima ; spira planata, anfr. vix attingentibus, haud rapide augentibus ; liris acutis subdisiantibus radiantibus, circiter xx. cincta ; interstitiis tenuissime spiraliter striatis ; peritremate continuo, circulari. 170 Long. (circiter) *075, lat. 025—"02, div. 180°. Hab. Australia. In Mus. Brit. repertura. This shell may be a Cyclostrema, but its texture agrees better with Vitrinella ; it seems to be young, and differs from all other recorded species in the principal sculpture being transverse instead of spiral. Under the microscope, its beautiful sharp ribs remind the observer of the chambers of Spirula. 12. OposTOMIA (CurysALLIDA*) CREBRISTRIATA, n.s. Chr. t. ovato-oblonga, solida, alba; vertice nucleoso parvo, declivi, in trun- catione spire haud magna immerso ; anfr. normalibus vi. planatis, suturis parum impressis ; clathrulis transversis circiter xx. rectis, haud declivibus, sibi subparallelis, obtusis, circa basin rotundatam ad rimulam umbilicalem continuis, labrum adultum versus cre- brioribus, tenuioribus ; interstitiis latis, planatis, creberrime spiraliter striatis ; apertura contracta, ad basin late effusa ; plica columelluri conspicua, transversa, obtusa. Long. *132, long. spir. ‘087, lat. 053 poll., div. 23°. Hab. Sual, insula Luzon, Philippinarum. Legit H. Cuming ; sp. un. in Museo suo. This shell is probably not quite, though very nearly mature; as the parietal lip is scarcely formed, and the labrum is not so thin as usual in the adult. The aspect is quite distinct from that of the Mazatlan species. 13. Cuemnirzia CuMINnGt, n.s. Ch. t. valde elongata, turrita, alba, subdiaphana, interdum fusco lineata, seu maculata ; vertice nu- cleoso helicoideo, parum prominente, anfr. ili. verticaliter sitis, apice conspicuo, marginibus spire rectis haud superante ; anfr. xviii. normalibus, subrotundatis, suturis distinctis ; lirulis trans- versis circiter xxvill. acutis, subrectis, subdeclivibus, circa periphe- riam truncatis ; interstitiis concavis, latioribus, a sulculis spiralibus vi. decussatis, in basin crebrioribus ; apertura ovata, labro tenuis- simo, columella vix intorta. Long. °55, long. spir. °47, lat. «1 poll., div. 13°. Hab. In Mari Sinensi. Sp. un. in Mus. Cuming. Known at once from C. grandis by the spiral strize in the concave interspaces. 14, CHEMNITZIA POLYZONATA, 1.8. Ch. t. haud parva, turrita, alba ; vertice nucleoso tumente, helicoideo, anfr. iii. subverticaliter sitis, apice conspicuo ; marginibus spire rectis, satis divergenti- bus superante ; anfr. X. normalibus, satis tumentibus, suturis im- * Subgenus CurySALLiDA. Testa utrinque constricta, pupiformis ; peritrema continuum, ad basin undatum ; labrum juata aperturam tenue, intus solidius ; plica columellaris declivis, celata ; superficies plerumque cancellata. Operculum (specie typica) radia- tim corrugatum, tenuissimum. Sp. typ. Chemnitzia communis, C. B. Ad., Pan. Shells, no. 223, pp. 166, 312. Particulars of this group will be found in the British Museum Mazatlan Cata- logue, with descriptions of sixteen species from that place. 171 pressis ; costis transversis subexpressis, latioribus, rotundatis, in anfr. penult. xx., ad basin rotundatam continuis, postea evanidis ; interstitiis minimis ; lirulis planatis latis spiralibus, et costis et interstitiis superantibus, in anfr. penult. ix. ; apertura viz ovata ; labro ucuto, ante peritrema tumente et postea contracto ; columella valde intorta; regione umbilicali valde indentata. Long. *37, long. spir. *3, lat. 1 poll., div. 18°. Hab. Cagayan, in insula Mindanao, Philippinarum. Legit H. Cuming ; sp. un. in Museo suo. 15. CHEMNITZIA BICARINATA, n.8. CA. t. elongata, turrita, alba, hue et illuc varicosa; vertice?.... ; anfr. normalibus xii. + Con shat , planatis, suturis valde impressis ; liris transversis acutis, rectis, circiter xxv., haud declivibus, lineis ad apicem vix con- tinuis ; carina valida, extante, rotundata circa peripheriam, ad suturas vie monstrante; carina altera in basin iminore; tota superficie minutissime spiraliter striata ; apertura a carinis angu- lata; columella intorta; regione umbilicali maxime indentato ; varicibus intus dentatis. Long. °42, long. spir. °36, lat. -07 poll., div. 13°. Hab. Cagayan, in insula Mindanao, Philippinarum. Legit H. Cuming ; sp. un. in Museo suo. In its remarkable base, it resembles Ch. turrita, C. B. Ad. (Panama). 16. CHEMNITZIA RUBROFUSCA, n.s. Ch. t. rubro-fusca, elongata, turrita ; vertice nucleoso discoidali, anfr. iii., apice conspicuo ; parum prominente, marginibus spire vix rectis haud superante ; anfr. normalibus ix., quarum iv. primi subrotundati minus diver- gentes, alteri planati ; lirulis transversis rectis, acutis, crebris, Xxvi., circa basin evanescentibus ; linets haud declivibus apicem versus declivibus ; circa basin rotundatam, haud umbilicatam, et in- terstitiis lirularum concavis, sulcis minimis ornata, in anfr. penult. circiter vill. ; columella vix intorta. Long. ‘27, long. spir. *204, lat. ‘065 poll., div. 16°. Hab. In Mari Sinensi. Sp. un. in Mus. Cuming. 17. Cuemnirzia Birrirormis, n.s. Ch. t. valde elongata, tur- rita, alba; vertice ?.... ; anfr. normalibus xii., subplanatis, suturis distinctis; lirulis transversis circiter xxx. viv expressis, latissimis, rotundatis, attingentibus, circa basin rotundatam evanes- centibus ; lirulis spiralibus minoribus, in spira vii., in basi cre- brioribus, interstitia minima decussantibus, lirulisque transversis superantibus ; apertura ovata ; columella vix intorta ; hue et illuc varicibus tumentibus. Long. *43, long. spir. ‘36, lat. °08 poll., div. 11°. Hab. Cagayan, in insula Mindanao, Philippinarum. Legit H. Cuming ; sp. un. in Museo suo. Although the nuclear whorls have perished, the point of junction bears testimony to its sinistral character, while the general aspect of the shell is Cerithoid. 172 5. DescrIPTION OF A NEw Species OF ACTINIA FROM THE DevonsHIrReE Coast. By E. W. H. Hotpsworru. When contracted, the body forms a rounded button about } of an inch in diameter, but in full expansion it is generally elongated to the extent of 21 inches, and terminates in a somewhat cup-shaped disk about 13 inch wide, and having its extended edges frequently thrown into irregular festoons. The tentacula, about 150 in number, are arranged in four or five series, as in most of the group to which this species belongs; the first row contains twenty-five arms, about half the length of the diameter of the disk, and moderately stout ; the others gradually diminish in size as they proceed outwards, their numbers at the same time increasing ; but the irregular manner in which they are placed renders it difficult to enumerate the contents, or to determine the limits of any one of the series. The disk is of a uniform olive-brown without any superficial markings,—the appear- ance of radiating lines, sometimes visible, being only the upper edges of the internal septa showing through the transparent skin; the mouth opens transversely, and displays a regular crenation of its pink lining membrane. The tentacula are of a reddish purple, and entirely destitute of rings or other marking; they present a remark- able contrast to the body of the animal, which at its upper part is of a dark orange colour, gradually assuming a paler tint towards the base ; numerous white sucking-pores are disposed over the upper surface, and afford points of attachment to surrounding substances, when required to conceal the body ; they also give exit to the con- voluted filaments, which are abundantly thrown out from them, and the mouth, when the animal is irritated. Its natural haunts appear to be narrow crevices of rocks, into which it can retire when alarmed, and I was prevented obtaining many specimens by their having chosen such inaccessible hollows for their residence. Four or five examples were, however, procured at extreme low-water mark, from the very productive rocks outside Dartmouth harbour, and, excepting in size, presented no points of difference. I propose for this species the name of vinosa. June 24, 1856. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., in the Chair. 1. On THREE GENERA OF VESPERTILIONIDZ, FURIPTERUS, NaTALus AND HyonyYcCTERIS, WITH THE DESCRIPTIONS OF Two New Speciss. By Rosert F. Tomes. (Mammalia, Pl. XLII., XLIITI.). The genus Furia was established by M. F. Cuvier from the exa- mination of a single example taken at Mona in South America, by M. Leschenault. —- aE oe SS Genera a Seu, SNOSHINUWO SMU LdA i dosy 389M PrOTHTS “Peo “desl 82MM. 173 Linneeus having previously made use of the name in another branch of zoology, it has been proposed by Prince Charles Lucien Bonaparte to substitute that of Furipterus. The latter name will be here adopted, and as the opportunity of examining a second species has occurred, it will afford the means of confirming the generic characters given by the original describer, and also supply some additional pe- culiarities. Genus Furrprervus, Bonap. The top of the head is very much elevated, leaving a deep hollow between that and the end of the nose. The muzzle is very short, rather small, and abruptly truncated at the end. This gives the end of the nose something the appearance of that part in the genus Sus, and the similarity is increased by the superior margin being produced in an upward direction, as in that genus. The end of the snout may properly be called a disc, widest at its base, and having a slight emargination in the middle of its upper boundary. In this disc the nostrils are placed, small, directed straight forward, and nearly round. Between them is a narrow vertical groove, continuous from the emargination of the upper border of the disc. All the face is densely covered with soft long hair, only the flat end of the nose and the extreme margins of the lips being naked. Near to the edges of the lips, and about the corners of the mouth, the fur assumes the aspect of a beard. Around the upper margin of the nose-disc is a fringe of fine short silky hairs. The ears are rather large and broad, directed forward, and deeply concave within. Their inner margins project inwards and forwards over the forehead in the shape of a rounded lobe. Their extremities are rather acute and directed outwards. The tragus is shaped somewhat like the head of an arrow, sup- - ported on a narrow foot-stalk. It is short and rather broad, with a descending barb or point on each side, the outer one being the longer and more acute. From these it tapers rapidly to a narrow, but rounded tip, directed a little outwards. The most remarkable peculiarities in the organs of flight consist in the excessively small size of the thumb, and the shortness of the middle phalange of the longest finger. The thumb has the basal joint much longer than the terminal one. It is wholly engaged in the antibrachial membrane, the nail only being free. The phalange of the finger, above alluded to, has its length contained three and a half times in that of the terminal one, and six times in that of the basal one. The middle phalange of the third finger also is somewhat shorter than is usual in most Vespertilienide. The wing-membranes extend to the distal end of the tibia. The legs are long and slender, and the heel cartilage very long. All the menibranes are thickly marked with fine dotted lines, the interfemoral having not less than twenty-five. In this respect they bear consider- able resemblance to those parts in Rhinolophus and Nycteris. The cerebral part of the skull is excessively elevated, quite dome- shaped, and the facial portion very much depressed. 174 From the extraordinary elevation and expansion of the parietal bones, the frontal bone is reduced to unusually small dimensions. Its posterior portion rises nearly at right angles from the termination of the nasal bones, is narrowly triangular, and ends in a point near the top of the elevated part of the cranium. Its anterior portion is nearly horizontal in position, and is deeply cleft in the middle by the nasal bones, which extend backwards as far as to the ascending part. What may therefore be called the facial part of this bone is divided into two forks, extending one on each side, between the nasal and maxillary bones. Each of these forks is somewhat swollen, and this, with a great depression along the line of unicn of the nasal bones, gives a deep longitudinal groove to the facial part of the cra- nium, which however becomes nearly obsolete at the nasal opening. A great peculiarity consists in the development of the intermaxil- lary bones. These are not cleft in front as in Vespertilio (leaving ohly space enough for the incisors to be placed close to the canines, and in a line nearly continuous with them), but are united, leaving only two small incisive foramina in the anterior part of the palate. Also they differ materially from the same bones in the genus Vesper- tilio, in having the upper free margins, forming the walls of the nasal opening, continued without any diminution of their depth to their most anterior point. The upper margins of these bones are usually . very much sloped in the genus Vespertilio. In consequence of the great degree of development of the inter- maxillary bones, abundant space is allowed for the incisor teeth. Accordingly there is a considerable interval on each side between them and the canines, and they are arranged, not in a line with the rest of the dental series, but vertically and in a regular curve across the extremities of the above-mentioned bones. There is however an interval in front, between the central ones, though not so consider- able as the space contiguous to the canines. Their form is that of a short cone, the inner pair with their points directed somewhat inwards. The canines are of a very remarkable form—a form, so far as Iam aware, not hitherto observed in any other mammal. They present four points: a central cusp of the usual canine form, a lobe acces- sory to this, and situated about the middle of its posterior edge, one at the base of the same edge, and one of a very pointed form at its anterior base. The remaining teeth in the upper jaw do not differ materially from those of Vespertilio proper. The lower incisors are uniformly arranged and bifid. The canines are small, with an anterior and posterior spur at their bases, the an- terior one being the longer, and appearing. like two additional inei- sors. There are three premolars on each side, conical, and increa- sing in size as they approach the true molars. These latter resemble those of Vespertilio restricted. The formula of dentition may be thus expressed :— 16 In, 22, C.i4, P.M. 23, M. 3, total 5. On examining the under surface of the skull, we find that the bony 175 palate does not extend posteriorly beyond the last molar. In this respect it resembles the genus Miniopteris, whilst in Vespertilio the palate extends as far backwards as to the middle of the zygoma; in Vesp. (Kerivoula) picta, nearly as far back as to the condyloid fossa. The lower jaw has, at the lowest part of the symphysis menti, a prominent tubercle, directed downwards, and projecting below the level of the lower margin of the jaw. It is probable that this may be equivalent to the spine mentales. From this, the margin of the jaw curves very evenly and moderately to the posterior angle. The ramus is very high, and the coranoid process, the condyle, and the posterior process, are arranged in nearly the same horizontal line, the condyle being a little elevated above the other two. The posterior process has a peculiar outward direction. Such are the characters derived from the examination of seven examples. They do not include some peculiarities mentioned by M. F. Cuvier, viz. the presence of a series of warts on the upper lip, and under the chin, the prominence of the eye, and the cartilaginous condition of the terminal half of the tail. I have failed to detect any warts, nor do I perceive that the eye is more prominent than in other Vespertilionide. As, however, I am describing from dried specimens, too great reliance cannot be placed on the apparent ab- sence of these characters. With respect to the tail, in the seven examples examined, five have it_wholly withdrawn from_the membrane, and the remaining two only partially withdrawn, the terminal vertebra being left in the situation proper for the basal ones. This may possibly have been the case with the example mentioned by M. F. Cuvier, as suggested by Dr. Gray. It may not be amiss to remark that this genus resembles the genus Kerivoula of Dr. Gray (as illustrated by Kerivoula picta) in the form of the ear, but in no other respect have I found them similar. The crania, although greatly elevated in both, differ im other respects, and even in this they by no means closely agree. The genus Miniopteris approaches most nearly to Furipterus, in the characters exhibited by the cranium. . They somewhat resemble each other in the elevated form of the vertex, in the length of the bony palate, and in some measure in the form of the posterior por- tion of the lower jaw, and the development of the intermaxillary bones. : 1. FuRIPTERUS HORRENS. Furia horrens, F. Cuv. Mém. du Mus. xvi. p. 150. tab. 9; Fischer, Synop. Mam. Addenda, 352; Temm. Mon. ii. p. 264; Wagn. in Suppl. Schreb. Sauge.i.p. 549 ; Schinz. Synop. Mam. i. p. 207; Less. Nouv. Tab. Rég. Anim. p. 22. : The eyes prominent and large. The nostrils apical, and separated only by a margin surrounding them, forming a groove at their upper part. Lips entire, the upper one with four or five warts along its side. The lower lip has eight warts, conspicuous from being of a ed rm ~% \ 176 white colour, amidst the surrounding black fur. Ears large, nearly as broad as long, simple in structure. The tragus is of a peculiar form, having three points arranged like a cross. The fur is soft and thick, except at the muzzle, where it is longer and coarser than that of the other parts. The colour is a fine uniform black. Length of the head and body (English) 1" 7!"; expanse 6" 43". Hab. S. America, Mona. 2. FURIPTERUS CERULESCENS, n.s. (PI. XLII.) Top of the head very much elevated, face depressed, excessively hairy, only the end of the nose and the extreme edges of the lips being naked. Ears as broad as high, roundish, with the tips angular and directed somewhat outwards. Tragus short, supported on a nar- row foot-stalk, immediately above which is a descending process on each side. From these it tapers rapidly to a narrow, but rounded point, which is directed a little inwards. About the middle, between the tip and the inner descending process, is a slight angular pro- jection. The fur is everywhere long and silky. That of the upper parts is slaty-blue at its base, slightly tipped with dusky-brown, but not suf- ficiently so, as to appear bicoloured. On the head it is somewhat paler than on the back. The long fur of the face is darker and not quite so blue. The fur margining the lips is of a silky ash-colour. The chin is of a uniform grey-brown, the breast blue-grey, the fur tipped for a third of its length with whitish-grey. On the belly and pubal regions it is nearly uniform whitish-grey. Of the specimens examined, two are males and the remainder females, and all are obviously adult. The sexes’are similar. The great similarity in the size of the examples renders it unneces- sary for me to give the measurements of more than one. For the purpose of comparison I add the dimensions of the figure illustrating M. F. Cuvier’s memoir. F. horrens. F. cerulescens. Length of the head and body ........ 1 62 sea OT. BENG OMA ame heel ae ve 9) q of the Jeng pcos, «1. ais, omces ors one 0 0 0 6 GT GR CATE iar xu Ors gC nds I 0 43 0 35 of the fore-arm..........00.. Le 1 4 of the longest finger .......... a A 2 2 of the fourth finger .......... Lag, Ly Ohihe tala, heh, ae = ras! s sole ta eae OV: 0 63 GEMG Boge che tee wieuepiyets se 0 4 0 33 Expanse, following the bones, of the wings 9 3 9 A Hab. St. Catharine, Brazil. Genus Natauus, Gray. The forms of this genus bear considerable resemblance to those of Furipterus. The crown is very much elevated, and a deep depres- 177 sion separates it from the nose. The latter is broad, but not bulging at its sides, as observable in some Vespertilionide (such as Scoto- philus, Gray). The top of the nose, in front of the eyes, is rather prominent, and rounds down evenly on all sides to the edge of the upper lip, which if seen from below would describe a half-oval figure. The above-mentioned prominence is furnished with a central longi- tudinal ridge, terminating between the nostrils. These are apical, approximated, and of an ovoid form. They are placed so near the margin of the lip that they might almost be described as situated in it. They do not interfere with the curvature of the outline of that part, being simple perforations. The lower lip is furnished with a broadish, naked reflexed edge, divided by a vertical groove in front. Below this is an irregular semicircular double row of warts, studded with bristly hairs, and a larger one beneath at the symphysis menti. The ears are rather large, broadest at two-thirds of the distance from their bases. They are furnished with a descending free lobe at the base of the outer margin, which is unattached to the side of the face, somewhat like the Jobudus of the human ear. Their extreme tips are directed outwards. The tragus is of very peculiar form ; it is supported on a distinct stalk, which springs horizontally from the inside of the auditory opening. From the extremity of this, the tragus rises vertically, and occupies the usual position in the ear. It is short, broad, and somewhat fleshy. The two margins curve to a rather acute tip, which is directed a little inwards. At the outer edge, towards the base, is agdescending angular projection. About the middle of the ascending part, the tragus is.twisted upon itself, in such a manner as to present only the edge of the upper part to the eye, whilst the basal portion presents its fat surface. From its tip spring a number of fine bristly hairs, straight and long. The legs, feet, and os calcis are long, and the toes occupy about one-half of the length of the feet. The tail is very long, equal in length to the head and body ; it consists of seven joints, the terminal one being small. The wing-membranes have a singular mode of at- tachment to the tibia. Viewing the animal from the under side they are seen to proceed from the base of the os calcis, in the form of a narrow rudiment of membrane, extending up the inside of the tibia for a fourth of its length. At this point they cross over the tibia, and pass outwards, forming the posterior margins of the wings. The thumb is rather small, but the wings do not present any other great peculiarities. All the membranes are thickly marked with dotted lines as in Furipterus, the interfemoral membrane having between twenty and thirty. The upper incisors are four in number, in pairs, separated from the canines by an interval, and with a space in the middle between the pairs. They are small, of nearly uniform size, and obtusely conical. In the space between them is a prominent horse-shoe- shaped cartilage, a little in advance of them, being a prolongation of No. CCCXII.—ProcerEpinés oF THE ZOOLOGICAL Society. 178 the anterior boundary of the palate. Behind this is a transverse prominent palatal ridge, divided in the middle by a notch. NATALUS STRAMINEUS, Gray. (Pl. XLIII.) Natalus stramineus, Gray, Mag. Zool. & Bot. ii. p. 496; Cat. Mam. Brit. Mus. p. 28. The face is very hairy, particularly along the median ridge, and on the upper lip, where it takes the form of a thick long moustache, extending the whole length of the lip. This rises on each side over the top of the nose, meeting in the middle, and forming a kind of transverse ridge of hair. Immediately in front of the eye is a naked space. The ears when held up to the light, present a singular dotted appearance, and resemble in this respect the Vesp. papillosus of Temminck. The extreme tip of the tail is exserted. The fur is of medium length and substance. On the upper parts, of a uniform brownish-yellow ; on the under, the same but paler. The membranes and naked parts are reddish-brown. The whole of the above has been taken, by the kind permission of Dr. Gray, from the two examples mentioned in his Catalogue, and the following are their dimensions. The first column refers to the specimen in spirit from South America, and the second to the one from St. Blas, North America. No. 1. No. 2. Length of the head and body ........ ‘1 9 ‘L 11, about. ef theta aloo. edi IF. weak ZH i2 2 0, nearly. ofthe head i/nli... eres os 0 9 0 474 Of the Carin... ties ishple Ha hear. 0 5 04 of the tragis.). shee. dona... 20 ONG 0 13 Breadth of.thevears ci. iscid.. “ramisn.\'00 0 43 Length of the fore-arm .......... 2... 1, 5} 1 43 of the longest finger .......... 3.0 2.9 of the fourth finger .......... 2 2 1 11 of the thumby.i.6 20 aiicnwis 26 «whi hi 0 24 ——— of the tibia .............22.. 05,95 0 8 — of the foot ...............0.. 0 4 0 4 Expanse, following the bones, of the wings 10 6 10 0 Genus Hyonycrertis, Licht. et Peters. Incisors four above, in pairs, separated by a space in the middle, the apices bifid; below, six, contiguous, trifid. Canines, distinct, long, ccnical, surrounded by two rings or collars. Molars above and below, six on each side, the upper anterior ones separate, the three posterior ones close together and W-shaped. Tongue medium ; snout elongated beyond the lips, with a discoid end (somewhat as in Furipterus). Nostrils below, ensiform. Lips tumid, the margins broadly reflected. Ears separate, broad, and furnished with tragus and antitragus. Wing-membranes broad, extending the whole length of the leg and foot, quite to the base of the nails. Interfemoral 179 membrane entire, completely enclosing the tail, the last joint only of which is exserted. Thumb free, nailed, and with a broad suctorial disk attached to it. Index finger very short, scarcely a fourth as long as the basal phalange of the longest finger ; all the remaining fingers with three phalanges. The feet with five toes, furnished with a suctorial disc. All the toes composed of only two phalanges, and united by aweb. Os calcis lobed and long. 1. HyonycrTeris pisciFERA, Licht. et Peters. Hyonycteris discifera, Licht. et Peters, Neue merkw. Saugeth. 1855*. The upper parts cinnamon-brown, beneath paler; wings dusky- brown. 3 Length of the head and body.... of theitailk \ 52.5 Pe of the-head, $2305 27220 ot therenrs:. Vath OTe of the tragus. 22. = f°. —— of the fore-arm ........ of the longest finger .... of the fourth finger .... pf the Te sine ody apse of the foot and claws... , Expanse of wings ............ Hab, Puerto Cabello, Central America. 2: HyonyYCTERIS ALBIVENTER, 0. 8. The specimen from which the present description has been taken has lost some of its parts by accident, and with them some of the peculiarities described by MM. Lichtenstein and Peters in the paper already alluded to. Thus, the tragus has been eaten away from each ear by insects, the nose-disc apparently so much rubbed as to have lost its original form, and the thumbs are entirely wanting. In other respects the specimen is in sufficient preservation to confirm the cha- racters given by the above-mentioned authors, and also to furnish an additional peculiarity not given by them in their description of the genus. This will be hereafter indicated. The crown of the head is very considerably elevated, the face very concave, and the muzzle rather elongated. The ears are scarcely as broad as high, the inner margin (towards the top of the ear) is very much rounded, and the extreme tip is conspicuously directed out- wards. The outer margin is considerably hollowed out+ for nearly bole bol amaoornr OO OFry, Ee es * Gelesen in der Druckerei der Akademie der Wissenschaften, am. 22 Junil854. Berlin 1855. + It appears desirable to state that the expression “hollowed out” must be taken in its literal sense, as the form here attempted to be described is very dif- ferent from what is usually called “an emarginate ear,” in the genus Vesperfilio. Tn this genus it is a distinct “ notch ” in the outer margin of the ear: in Hyonyc- teris it is simply a shallow piece scooped out of the margin,—at least such is the 180 the whole of its length, but with a rounded prominence at its base. The face is very hairy, and the upper lip has a distinct moustache of long hair. On the whole of the upper parts the fur is of a reddish-brown colour, uniform in tint from its root to the tip. On the under parts it is pure white, tinged with rufous on the humeral region and on the chin. This species appears to differ from the last in having the ear much more hollowed out externally, in being somewhat larger, and in having the under parts pure white. Length of the head and body............ 2 0 of the tail, about .............. l #2 oftbpiirad. ots of. ss sald aceon O 9 Of (he Carscctest hed hehuds ie lage a BES of thetnte-ariy s.:4s..'lea teil ho ao. lL & of the longest finger ............ 2 7 of the fourth finger, |. -ja).\<,7-9>-00—.1., 10 Of dare: HADI. sic. 62 w oops Rie eNe kOe 0 4 — of the foot and claws............ Di, rte Expanse of wings, following the phalange.. 10 6 Hab. River Napo, near Quito, where it was collected by Mr. Bates. In addition to the generic characters given by the authors already quoted, the very peculiar form of the claws of the hinder feet may be mentioned. These are rather long, have a small degree of curvature, are very slender, and not compressed laterally as in other Bats. Their under surface is rather deeply hollowed out; in this respect they bear considerable resemblance to the claws of some Rasorial birds, such as the genus Tetrao, but they are relatively more slender. From their form they could scarcely be used as organs of suspension, and it is not improbable that the conspicuous discs attached to the thumbs and feet may answer the same purpose that claws are known to do in the ordinary Bats. The elevated form of the cranium deserves special attention, as indicating an affinity in this particular with the genera Furipterus and Natalus. The peculiarity of having the wing membranes extend to the claws is not restricted to this genus, as I have observed it in the Vesp. suillus of M. Temminck. This species has been considered by Dr. Gray to be sufficiently dissimilar from other examples of the genus Vespertilio, to merit generic distinction, under the name of Murina. Another species from Ceram (Vesp. vulpinus, Temm. Mae: case in the specimen I possess, but in the figure already referred to, this is less conspicuous. * In taking the measure of the ear, it is my custom to consider it as a simple projection, and to measure along the line of greatest convexity of the hinder sur- face. This imaginary line will proceed from that part of the base nearest the crown, to the tip of the ear. A line along its anterior or posterior margin would be rather an indication of form than of absulute length, and should therefore be given additionally if the form of the ear seems to require it. TESTUDO .EL W.Weet Emp Proc. Z. 5. Reptilia. A: GH Ford ATAGUR OCELLATA Gray. a Proc. Z. S. Reptilia. Xa. GHFord WWeet Ip BATAGUR OCELLATA. Gray : 18] Ley.) possesses the same singular mode of attachment of the mem- branes. Not having carefully examined either of these, I am unable to offer any positive opinion respecting their affinity with the genera above described. It appears, however, probable that other characters would be discovered common to Hyonycteris and Murina, if a close examination were instituted. 2. Notice or som Inp1an Tortotses (INCLUDING THE DE- SCRIPTION OF A New SPECIES PRESENTED TO THE Britisu Museum sy Proressor Otpuam). By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. P.B.S., erc. (Reptilia, Pl. IX. X.) The most interesting specimen of the very curious series of Indian Tortoises presented to the British Museum by Professor Oldham, is a fine full-grown specimen of a species which so strongly resembles the South American Testudo tabulata, in size, form and colours, that it might easily be mistaken for a specimen of that species which had been taken to India in some vessel. But on a closer examination it is easily distinguished from the American kind by the following particulars :— First. It belongs to the Old World divisions of the genus, or true genus Testudo, characterized by the last vertebral plate being as wide only as the caudal, and the hinder half of each of the hinder marginal plates, instead of being of the width of the caudal and the hinder marginal plates, as is the case with the American “ Gophers,” including the species Testudo tabulata and Testudo gopher. Secondly. It has a large, elongated, well-marked nuchal plate, which is never found in Testudo tabulata. Thirdly. The hinder notch is more angular and acute. The specimen sent from India has the deeply concave sternum, which is supposed to mark the male animals, as is the case with many specimens of 7. tabulata. It is sent under the name of ‘ Testudo elongata,’ which I willingly adopt ; as it may have been noticed under that name in some Indian periodical which has not yet come under my observation. ; 1. Testupo ELoNGaTA. (Pl. IX.) Thorax oblong, rather depressed, truncated in front, rounded be- hind, black ; shield yellow-edged. Sternum rather narrow, trun- cated in front, angularly notched behind, yellow, largely black, varied: Nuchal plate elongate. The hinder vertebral plate as wide as the caudal and the hinder half of the hinder marginal plates. Hab. India, “ Mergui.”’ Note.—Since the above was written, I Have received a Part of the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal for 1856, and I find 182 the following observations on this species, which appears to have been mentioned’ in a preceding volume :— Testudo elongata, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, xxxii. 639. Vol. xxv. 1856, Ixxviii. 712. Mr. Blyth states, ‘a number of living specimens have been re- ceived from Captain Berdmore. “Colour of naked parts olive-grey varied with dull yellow, and with black head conspicuously dull yellowish white.” Mergui, Tenasserim River. 2. Testupo Horsrigtpt1, Gray, Cat. Tort. B.M. t. 1. There is a fine large specimen of this species, showing it is very distinct from the 7. greca of Europe. The upper jaw has a small notch on each side of the tip. 3. Emys CRASSICOLLIS, Bell. The Collection contains three adult specimens of this species, which are marked “ Emys nigra, Blyth.” The adult examples are rather broader than the younger specimens in which are usually found a mucro, and the dorsal keels are almost entirely obliterated ; the hinder edge of the thorax is acutely dentate ; the sternum is pale grayish, with black areolz and rays. It is probably the absence of the keels in the adult state that induced Mr. Blyth to regard it as a distinct species; but the keels become generally more indistinct in all the species which are keeled in their younger condition. P The specimens are marked as coming from “ Mergui.” The jaws are even, and not notched in front. 4, Emys niera, n.s., Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, Ixxviii. 712. Mr. Blyth observes on the affinity of this species with EZ. crassi- collis, but he does not appear to have the means of comparison. The Collection contains two species of the genus Batagur :— 5. Baracur paska, Gray, Cat. Tort. B.M. t. 16. There is a very large adult shell of this species, which is marked “ Emys tentoria, Blyth.’ It measures 21} inches over the back, 192 along the sternum, and is 18 inches across the back and 21} over the convexity of the back. The jaws of the species are very strongly dentated, the upper one is toothed on the edge with two angular series of pits; the lower jaw is furnished with two concentric series of acute spinose tubercles, those in the outer series the largest and very acute, the central one in front horny, very large. 6. Baracur oceuuata, Gray, Cat. Tort. B.M. t. 36. (Pl. X.) There is a beautiful specimen of a species of this genus from Mergui, which I am inclined to believe is referable to Hmys ocellata of Dumeril and Bibron (Erpétologie générale, ii. 329. t.15. f.1); aspe- cies which I have not before seen in any English collection. I should 183 have no doubt of its being that kind from the description ; but in the figures the dark spots on the costal plates are represented as being nearly regular, circular, broad rings round a pale circular centre, while in the specimen received from Professor Oldham the dark mark on the costal plate is an irregular oblong or square mark only, partly surrounding the paler centre of the shield. Mr. Blyth in the same paper observes, “‘ mys ocellata would appear to be the commonest species in the Burmese rivers, and its naked parts are olive-grey, the crown blackish, with a yellowish-white V-like mark over the snout, continued as a supercilium over each eye and back upon the neck, another straight line behind the eye, and both are often more or less broken into spots. ** Carapax dusky mottled with yellowish, a great black spot sur- rounded with a pale areola upon each discoidal (!) plate, dorsal ridges blackish with pale border, and lower parts wholly yellowish-white. **Some are brighter coloured than others, and the ocelli become proportionally smaller as they increase in size. “The carapax of our largest specimen measured 9 by 64 inches, but it probably is not nearly full-grown.”’ Hab. Burmah. S fis | 7. Cistupo pentata, Gray. (LAU Lannie Vat ly, There is a fine adult specimen of this species in the Collection, also from Mergui. 3. Description or Myeate Emittia, a SPIDER FROM Panama, HITHERTO APPARENTLY UNRECORDED. By Apvam Waite, ASSISTANT IN THE ZoonocicaL DEPARTMENT, BritTIsH Museum. (Annulosa, Pl. XLIII.) The large Spiders of the New World, though generally sombre in hue, are occasionally varied in colour. The Mygale versicolor de- scribed by Baron Walckenaer (Apt. i. 211), has the cephalothorax covered with down-like hairs of a metallic green lustre, and some of the hairs of the body have in certain aspects a violet reflection. The Mygale rosea described by the same author from the collection of M. Guerin Meneville, who procured it from Chili, is deserving of its specific name. The Mygale Zebra, figured in the fourth volume of the ‘ Annales de la Soc. Entomologique,’ pl. 19, has the abdomen strikingly striped. Generally speaking, however, these large Mygales, whether from the Old or the New World, are rough, plain brown, or black creatures, with greyish scattered hairs. Since Walckenaer’s work was published in 1837, several species have been added to zoo- logical science, especially in the 8vo German work of Koch. The fol- lowing species, pre-eminent for its striking beauty of colour, was obtained by my friend Dr. Berthold Seemann, the distinguished na- turalist who succeeded Mr. Edmonstone on board H.M.S. Herald. under Capt. Kellett, R.N., C.B. 184 I have but once seen a Mygale alive; the specimen was sent to the late Mr. John Doubleday by post, and when it reached London was evidently much shaken by its transit from Liverpool. The day after-its arrival he gave it cockroaches. They were put into the small box along with the Mygale. It apparently at first did not see them, but on these “ Cursorial Orthoptera”’ running about Mygale’s legs, the great spider drew itself up, and darted its chelicera into one of them, tearing its intestines with its fearfully armed hook. The Blatta was soon devoured, and the spider, evidently an invalid after its rough journey, died next day. Mr. H. W. Bates, who has for the last eight years so successfully collected Annulosa, and observed their habits at various points on the Amazon, in a letter to me, dated “‘Santarem, 30 April, 1855,” written on the eve of starting for “the wonderful country of the Upper Amazons,” remarks :—‘“ With regard to spiders, I have ob- served many curious points in their habits, but I cannot communi- cate them until I can send specimens, with numbers attached, to which the notes can be referred. There is one observation J made, however, which I am sure will be of the highest interest to science. It is with respect to the habit of the Mygales to prey on birds. Now I have detected them in the fact as far back as 1849, but thought little of it at the time, as I had the idea that it was a well-known and undisputed fact in science. Lately, however, I read an account (1 think of Langsdorff’s expedition in the interior of Brazil), where the fact is considered to rest on no foundation, and to be ene more of the fables originated by Madame Merian. Now I will relate to you what I saw. In the month of June 1849, in the neighbourhood of Cameta, I was attracted by a curious movement of the large grey- brown Mygale on the trunk of a vast tree. It was close beneath a deep crevice or chink in the tree, across which this species weaves a dense web, open for its exit and entrance at one end. In the present instance, the lower part of the web was broken, and two pretty small finches were entangled in its folds; the finch was about the size of the common Siskin of Europe, and I judged the two to be male and female: one of them was quite dead but secured in the broken web, the other was under the body of the spider, not quite dead, and was covered in parts with the filthy liquor or saliva exuded by the mon- ster. I was on my return from a day’s excursion by land, at the time, with my boxes full of valuable and delicate insects, and six miles from my house, and therefore could not have brought the specimens home, even had I wished, which I did not, as the species was a very common species, easily to be procured nearer home. “If the Mygales did not prey upon Vertebrated animals I do not see how they could find sufficient subsistence. On the extensive sandy campos of Santarem, so bare in vegetation, there are hundreds of the broad slanting burrows of the large stout species (that fine one, dark brown, with paler brown lines down the legs). The campos, I know, from close research, to be almost destitute of insects, but at the same time they swarm with small lizards, and some curious ground-finches of the Emberiza group (one of which has a song wonderfully resem- 185 bling our Yellow-bunting of England), besides which vast numbers of Caprimulgi (C. psalurus, Azara) and ground-doves lay their eggs on the bareground. I believe this species of Mygale feeds on these animals and their eggs at night. Just at close of day, when I have been hurrying home, not liking to be benighted on the pathless waste, I have surprised these monsters, who retreated within the mouths of their burrows on my approach.” Myeare Eminia. (Pl. XLIII.) M. nigro-fusca, cephalothorace, duobusque articulis singulorum pedum late flavescenti-rubris. Deep blackish-brown ; the basal joint of chelicera with some scat- tered red hairs in front ; the cephalothorax of a rich yellowish-red, the hairs short, close and velvet-like ; the fourth and fifth joints of the legs clothed with yellowish-red hairs, the end of the fifth joint with many brown hairs ; fourth joint of the first pair of legs, with the curiously hooked process near the end, also covered with red hairs, the under side of the fifth and sixth joints and the tarsi clothed with a close, dense, velvet pad. Body brown, with longish, scattered red hairs, which are deeper in hue than on the other arts. é Nomine Emiliz dilectz filie Henrici Verney, Equitis Baronetti de Cleydon, in comitatu de Buckingham, araneam hance spectabilem, in America Centrali a Bertholdo Seemann, Botanico celeberrimo, detectam in expeditione recenti, sub Henrico Kellett, Navarcho, in- signire vult descriptor. The figure, which is of the natural size, was drawn by Miss Spooner of Kentish Town. July 8, 1856. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., in the Chair. The following papers were read :— 1. On THE LAND AND FRESHWATER SHELLS OF KASHMIR AND TIBET, COLLECTED BY Dr. T. THomson. By 8S. P. Woopwarp, F.G:S. These shells, which I received through Dr. J. D. Hooker and Sir Charles Lyell, were collected by Dr. Thomson in 1847-8, when he accompanied Major Cunningham and Capt. H. Strachey in “ one of the most adventurous journeys ever made in the Himalaya *.” The shells of continental India are nearly all distinct from those * Western Himalaya and Tibet ; a Journey through the Mountains of Northern India. By Dr. Thomas Thomson. 8vo, London, 1852. . 186 of Europe, and although far inferior in beauty and variety to those of the Asiatic Islands, have yet a marked character, owing to the ad- mixture of tropical forms and especially to the great development of the operculated genera (Cyclostomide), which are almost unknown in our quarter of the world *. It was, therefore, a matter of considerable interest to ascertain what land and freshwater shells occur in the remote regions of Kash- mir and Tibet, and somewhat surprising to find, that of about 22 sorts collected by Dr. Thomson, one-half were British species, and the rest of the commonest and most widely diffused Indian forms. The species marked * are European. *Helix pulchella, small var., subfossil. Iskardo, Tibet (Europe, N. America). * costata, large var., recent. Iskardo, 7200 feet. * Helicella nitida. Near Iskardo (Europe, N. America). Bulimus candelaris, Pfr. Takht i Suliman, Kashmir. segregatus, small var. Kashmir. *Zua lubrica (subfossil). Iskardo (Europe, N. America). ~ Pupa Huttoniana, Benson. Iskardo (also subfossi/). *Succinea Pfeifferi, var. (longiscata, Morillet?). Kashmir. *Limnea stagnalis. Kashmir (Europe; N. America, Oregon). * peregra. Pitak, Tibet; Kashmir. , var. Hookeri. Iskardo and Nubra, Tibet (18,000 feet). auricularia. Iskardo; Thogji Lake (sufossil). —, sp. Kashmir (resembling the Australian L. simulata). *____ truncatula, Mill. Iskardo, in damp méss (also found at Can- dahar, Affghanistan ; at Madeira, and in the U. States). luteola, Lam. (succinea, Dh.). Islamabad, Kashmir (also Prome, Burmah). acuminata, Lam. Jamu hills. Planorbis Coromandelicus, Fabr. Jamu hills ; Islamabad, Kashmir (also Ceylon and Malacca). nanus, Benson; subfossil. Tsoral Lake, Tibet (Capt. H. Strachey). » 8p. Pitak and Iskardo ; Tertse, Nubra, in lacustrine clay. Paludina Bengalensis, var. Jamu hills, Kashmir. *Valvata piscinalis (subfossil). Kashmir; Tsoral Lake, Tibet. *Cyrena fluminalis, Mill. (Cashmiriensis, Dh.). Avantipura, Kashmir. Cyclas (Pisidium), sp., subfossil. 'Thogji Lake, Tibet. These specimens have been submitted to the examination of Mr. W. H. Benson, who is unsurpassed in his critical acquaintance with Indian shells, and especially those of the Western Himalaya. * Mr. Benson states that Helix Bactriana (Hutton), found in Affghanistan, is closely allied to the European H. strigella. + Varieties of this shell are found in Sicily, Palestine, the Nile, and all the rivers of the East. These varieties have been regarded as constituting about twenty distinct species; e. g. C. Euphratica, Bronn; ambigua, Dh.; Cor, Lam.; consobrina, Caill.; triangularis, Dh.; Panormitana, Bivon, &c. When fossil, it is the C. trigonula, Searles Wood; C. Gemmellarii, Phi. * Ey — ‘OPH IIGINDAC SNTWSAHA : ATTY “WEUMIRY Sg “7 “905g are cl ae Nn ~” —— pe NO eae PHYSALUS DUGUIDII Heddle 1 Blow holes. 2.3. Blow holes & Pad. 4.5. Blow holes closed. sideways. lamens Waa 6 Jaws. 6 Plicee contracted & stretched. , a Sa Ee Eee “ee 187 Helix pulchella and Zua lubrica were only obtained in the condi- tion of “dead shells” from the alluvial plains of Iskardo and Kash- mir. , The Pupa and Bulimus candelaris, Limnea auricularia and Val- vata piscinalis, were found both recent and subfossil. Limnea auricularia occurred in prodigious abundance in the allu- vial clay around the salt-lake of Thogji, at the height of 150 feet above its present level. There are no longer any living shell-fish in its waters, and Dr. Thomson ‘remarks, “it may fairly be inferred that the lake was quite fresh at the time when it was inhabited by Limnea.” The increase of the height of the surface of the water to the small amount of 150 feet, appears to have admitted of its discharging its waters along the course of an open valley into one of the tributaries of the Zamkar river (p. 173). Everywhere to the northward of Tibet, from the Aral sea to Chinese Tartary, is a country of small salt-lakes having no outlet ; and this region divides Northern India from the Siberian-steppes, in which land and freshwater shells of Germanic species are known to occur. Westward, however, the ranges of the Hindoo Koosh are prolonged through Persia to the Caucasus, and form a continuous route to the Lusitanian region. Since the shells which have been mentioned as English species occurring in Tibet, are also common to the South of Europe, they are rather to be regarded as Lusitanian than Germanic species. The land species (Zua, Helix, Helicella and Succinea) are, how- ever, amongst the most ancient inhabitants of this island, being found in the newer-pliocene deposits of the Thames valley, associated with the same Valvata and the same species of Cyrena, and with remains of an Elephant (2. meridionalis) and a Rhinoceros (R. leptorhinus), which are not only extinct, but were succeeded by other races of the same animals (Zlephas primigenius and Rhinoceros tichorhinus), before they finally disappeared from this portion of the globe. If, therefore, the small land shells of our newer tertiaries originally migrated into this country from the East, we must ascribe to their occupancy of the lofty plains of Kashmir and Tibet a very high antiquity compared with any of the monuments which Man himself has reared, even in the country most usually regarded as the cradle of his race. 2. On a WuaLe or THE Genus Puysatus, GRAY, CAPTURED IN Orkney. By Rosert Hepptie. (Mammalia, Pl. XLIV. XLV.) A Whale of the genus Physalus of Dr. Gray was stranded on the small island of Laman or Lambholm in Orkney on the 9th of March ultimo. 188 It was afterwards towed from Laman, and beached upon the shore of Scapa Bay, about two miles from Kirkwall. The individual was a female. The following measurements were made with the greatest care by Mr. George Petrie and myself :— ft. in. Length from point of lower jaw to notch in tail .. 50 0 Girth beneath pectorals........-.-- 04-02-05. 23 6 » at 20 feet from point of lower jaw...-.... 19 3 htepde eb aOrean ts 905). 8. LT. TP ae, Se On st feet benim dormalney, 275. 2. OTS G8 yp cidlone toma. LONE. 005 CaS. 2). ERO, 5.0 Depth at 3 feet from end of vertebral column.... 2 0 ,» at 9 feet from end of vertebral column.... 3 10 Thickness at 9 feet from end of vertebral column.. 1 6 Thickness where thinnest .................... 0 10 Between upper angles of pectorals (over the back) 10 0 Keel extending above from commencement of tail.. 16 0 Keel extending below from commencement of tail.. 10 0 Point of lower jaw to termination of plice ...... 26 0 5, of lower jaw to reproductory organ........ 30 0 », of lower jaw to umbilicus................ 24 6 Length of pectoral from tip to anterior junction with Bodyge. 62 J). GOUUEES OER TER ets 5 9 Length of pectoral from tip to posterior junction Wit eey* SK BSN. OGM i. BSG 4 9 Breadth of pectoral... 00000. oe cee. pay Angle of mouth to anterior junction of pectoral neieh treme ry.) 10, $F Re D7 RU gh NA Centre of eye to anterior junction of pectoral with tink UO ye ce tees 3c eos 6 cee nen 8 5 3 Tip of upper jaw (snout) to anterior junction of pectoral with rank Janet eee a Bag Posterior curve of dorsal to posterior junction of pettoraleys OF0 Ae es) 23 0 Base of dorsal........ PURI ORL Jae et ae Height of dorsal (perpendicular from its tip) ..... 1 9 Anterior of dorsal from snout .........-..-.-- 35 9 Posterior curve of dorsal from tip of tail ........ 14 0 Wath of bails Los aoe ce, be gla see eee Depth of notch in tail ......-.-. eee e eee eee 0 5 Between angles of mouth round the throat ...... ay Point of lower jaw to angle of mouth .......... Mad ,, of snout to angle of mouth ............-- 9 0 Depth of under jaw (including lip) where greatest 1 8 », of under jaw 3 feet from tip .........--- 1 2 Projection of under jaw from beneath the snout.. 0 6 Across insertions of baleen 7} feet from snout.... 3 4 Length of longest or “sample” baleen ........ 1 8 43 Of baleen ‘at snouts. 62s)... .es 5 ein ees he 0 6 ft. in Breadth of sample at base................004. 0 9 Projection of sample over upper lip............ 0 6 Centre of eye to snout ............0.0. 0.00. 9 5 »» _ of eye to posterior angle of blowhole...... 3.5 Posterior of blowholes in advance of a line joining thaereypecys. 0!) t8% adonsire WMT Saab. biaeks 0 9 Bye toreyes {3.g3, eens Ji aln: erates Laat od se PRR ote 6 10 Centre of eye to base of nearest baleen.......... 1 8 Snputite apinseles:.¢ 0s! 24x yaad aos aheaF 29 Fach spiracle in length ...................... 0.10 Length of blind slit between spiracles .......... 0 8 Between near points of spiracles .............. 0 13 Between divergent points of spiracles .......... 0 9 Bewhahivhtyer 2. sateogqedl eho, te 29 Length of depression of external ear............ 0» 12 Breadth of depression of external ear .......... 0 ¢ Diameter of perforation of ear . Pome, [koOs 20. Length of reproductory organ, including anus.... 3 0 Length of mammary slits .......... 0.2.0.0... 0 10 The accompanying drawings, in which every point was deter- mined by the measurements, give a perfectly correct idea of the pro- portions of the animal. Consequently, further dimensions may be taken from them, due allowance being made for the curves. The external ear, which was difficult of detection, consisted of an aperture capable of admitting a quill, situated in a very shallow groove of the dimensions given above. When the blubber was re- moved, the aperture was continued, in the immediate vicinity of a strong glandular substance, of a cylindrical form, 2 inches in dia- meter, passing into the skull. The dlowholes were situated in a hollow on the summit of a low rounded eminence, immediately in front of a depression directly over the eyes. When first seen, this latter depression was hardly appa- rent, and seems to owe its existence partly to the falling in of the integuments after death. The relative position of the spiracles is givenin Pl. XLV. fig. 1. Between the spiracles was a shallow groove, at first sight resembling a third opening, beginning 1 inch before the anterior commissures of the spiracles, and continued to an imaginary line joining their posterior extremities. The sides of the blowholes, which lay in close juxtaposition, could, from the elasticity of the parts, be separated to the extent of 3 or 4 inches, without affecting the extremities of the openings. Pl. XLV. fig. 2, shows a section of one of the spiracles, laid open through the commissures, together with the retracted pad or valve, which, when set free, closes the nares, as represented in fig. 3. The pad consisted of a tough, fatty substance, and was retracted by a strong muscle, which had its attachments in a deep grooye in the bone of the upper jaw. When the spiracles were partially excised, the working of this beautiful apparatus was easily exhibited by grasping with the hands the strong muscle, and drawing out the 190 pad, which, on being set free, returned to its place in the nares with a very audible “thud.” The nares, each 4 inches in their hori- zontal diameter, were protected above and at the sides by cartila- ginous arches, which extended nearly to the surface of the spiracles posteriorly, and united at a point a little anterior to the section shown in figs. 4 and 5, cut transversely to the spiracles ; fig. 4 re- presenting the dilated, fig. 5 the closed access to the lungs. The whole lining of the spiracles, breathing canals, and bronchial cavities, was of a deep black. The septum immediately between the two nares was membranous, attached to the line of union of the cartilaginous arches before men- tioned. From the blowholes a ridge composed of a tendonous fatty sub- stance extended, gradually disappearing ere it reached the snout. The eyes were situated on bony prominences, which projected outwards and downwards from the line of the head and upper jaw. The external opening of the eye was about 4 inches. The dail 5 inches. The conjunctiva whitish, and the iris very dark brown. The excised crystalline lens measured two-thirds of an inch in dia- meter. The bones of the lower jaw were covered to nearly half of their ap- parent depth by strong, firm lips, turned inwards superiorly. The jaw at no point projected much over the folds on the throat, and be- neath the eye passed away imperceptibly into the neighbouring sur- face. The rounded upper surface of the lips fitted accurately, when the mouth was closed, into corresponding retuse hollows in the upper jaw, extending two-thirds of the distance from the eye to the snout. The baleen extended from within 4 inches from the snout to the interior angles of the mouth. The plates were largest halfway be- tween these points. Their exterior outline was considerably falcate, causing the points of the plates to project, where longest, 6 inches past the edge of the upper jaw. The back part of the mouth, in the neighbourhood of the throat, was thinly covered with soft white hairs, inserted on the plaited and wrinkled skin. Fig. 6 represents an ideal section through both jaws, partially opened, showing the palatal ridge, the projecting baleen, and the overlapping under-lips. The tongue is represented lying in the distended pouch, and by the red lines as seen in the same pouch when drawn upwards to the aws. ; The baleen towards the snout gradually gave place to narrower plates, three or four occupying the place of one. This change of form commenced at the inside. At the snout, the plates were still more broken up, there assuming the appearance of small rods of baleen, of the thickness of a crow-quill, slightly compressed, and each tipped by a tuft of long white bristles. The baleen completed the circuit of the snout, at a distance of 4 inches within the upper lip. At the snout, the base of the baleen was 1 inch in width, gra- dually increasing until, where the largest plates were inserted, it at- 191 tained the breadth of 9 inches, whence it decreased to a rounded point at the interior angles of the mouth. Here the baleen was entirely resolved into white hair, which took its rise from the gum, without the intervention of the quill-like rods of the anterior extremity. The surface of the plates was longitudinally striated: their colour for one-third of their breadth from the outer margin brown, some- times in one broad shade, sometimes more or less banded lengthwise, in either case leaving the interior surface of the plates of a yellowish- white, tinged slightly with green, occasionally dashed with pale rose- colour, with here and there a stripe of brown. From the outside no colour but the white was visible, except at the snout, where the plates and tufts, even to the outer margin, were in some places a dirty white, in some almost black. The whole inner edges of the baleen were split up into coarse but pliant white hair. The gum (‘cheese ”’ of the whalefisher) was from 2 to 4 inches thick, between which and the bone of the jaw intervened a strong callous bed of muscular substance, two-thirds of an inch thick. The tongue was above of a flesh colour, and beneath, where its substance united with the lining of the pouch, of a leaden grey. It had no edges, the colour being the only means of distinguishing its upper from its under surface. The looseness of the tissue on its lower side enabled the animal to sweep the whole under surface of the baleen with the tip of the tongue, carrying any adhering food to the throat. The actual tip was not free for more than 10 inches; but, as when drawn back towards the gape, it was impossible to de- fine the limits of the lower side of the tongue and the lining of the pouch : it seemed to be of much greater length. When retracted the tongue filled with its huge rounded mass the posterior cavity of the mouth, the tip projecting upwards, and the substance of the under side tightened from the base of the'tip to the point of the under jaw. The throat easily admitted the closed hand. The ¢runk joined the head with no perceptible line of union, and, with the exception of a slight depression behind the spiracles, and the protuberance of the dorsal fin, the outline preserved an even and beautiful curve from head to tail. Beginning 2 feet before the dorsal fin, a strong ridge passed along the back, gradually diminishing till it reached the end.of the vertebral column. A still bolder ventral ridge commenced 10 feet from the tail, and terminated at the same point. The expansions of the tail were continued 2 or 3 feet along the sides of the trunk, there passing away, and. giving along with the dorsal and ventral carinze a rhomboidal form to that part of the ani- mal. These keels consisted entirely of a fatty tendinous substance, each permeated through its entire length by strong round tendons linch in diameter. On the removal of the ridges, the body beneath became of the same rounded form as the rest of the trunk. The epidermis was th of an inch thick, easily torn, and finely striated, except on the fins and tail, and on the jaws, lips and such 192 parts. Where black, much of the pigment could be removed by washing, and from the inner surface was readily communicated to the fingers. The true blubber on the back and sides measured on an average 2 inches in thickness. On the throat where the plice occurred, it became tendinous and tough, and, though removed, was not expected to yield much oil. The whole posterior part of the body was beset by strong round tendons, about an inch thick, originating as flat tendons within the muscles above the pectorals. The extent and direction of the plice on the throat and abdomen are shown in the drawings of theanimal. Pl. XLV. fig. 8, represents sections of the stretched and unstretched surface of the plice. At . those portions of the throat and belly which required more capability of distention than the rest, furrows supplementary to the general ar- rangement of the plice were introduced. These however invariably disappeared ere they reached the termination of the regular plice, and were inserted unsymmetrically. The furrows continued of their full depth to their termination on the abdomen. Where the body of the animal was black, the furrows and their in- terspaces were black also, being there covered with skin of the same texture as that of the body. Where the black of the body began to wash off into the white of the lower parts, the furrows were black and the interspaces pure white. On the lower surface, again, where the sole apparent colour was white, the plice were found on separa- tion to be lined with a rosy, longitudinally striated, transversely wrinkled epidermis. The depth of the furrows varied excessively, being, in some parts, when the pouch was undistended, nearly 14 inches deep, while on the jaws and between the eye and pectoral, they were so shallow as hardly to bear measurement at all. When the pouch was distended, the plicee were partially obliterated, their hollows becoming nearly as high as the surface of their highest pro- minences. The normal breadth of the interspaces between the furrows was about 2 inches. Near the chin, however, in some places three or four occurred in the space of an inch, the skin being there very soft and pliant. The ridge between the two furrows which passed mesially along the throat and abdomen was broader than the rest, the furrows diverging slightly towards their posterior termination, where the scarcely perceptible umbilicus was situated, thereafter converging as shown in the figure. The reproductory organs were situated 4 feet behind the termina- tion of the plice, and immediately between the slits into which the mamme were retracted. The mamme were of a yellowish flesh- colour, 11 inches long and 4 inches in diameter, ending in lax nipples 2 inches in diameter. The uterus extended in the body of the Whale 5 feet forwards from the opening. It did not contain a foetus. The anus was 2 feet 10 inches behind the anterior commissure of the reproductory organ. 193 Decomposition prevented such a careful examination of the inte- rior of the animal as might have been desired. The heart was 4 feet in length, 3 feet at its greatest breadth. The vene cave 4 inches in diameter. The aorta 34 inches thick. The liver resembled in consistence that of the terrestrial Mammalia, and was of great size. Near the base of the tongue lay two large bodies of glandular ap- pearance, much resembling the salivary glands of quadrupeds, each of which would have filled a bushel measure. The lungs did not appear of great proportional size; the bronchial tubes were lined with black membrane. Near the vertebral column could be imperfectly traced the plexus of arteries which forms the reservoir of blood during the prolonged divings of the Whale. Much extravasated blood and hastening de- composition interfered with a proper investigation of its course and structure. The vertebral formula was as follows :— Cervical 7, Dorsal 15, Remains 40. Total 62. Circumstances prevented me from distinguishing the lumbar from the caudal vertebree, but the numbers above given are absolutely correct. The last vertebra was not larger than a walnut, and part of its bulk was cartilage. Its articulation was, however, very distinct. The last six vertebrze diminished in size very rapidly, much more decrease taking place in their dimensions than proportionally in any other part of the spine. There were fifteen pairs of ribs. The first pair simple, the second, third and fourth with necks, directed towards, but not reaching, the bodies of the vertebree. The rest simple. The greatest length of the cranium was 113 feet. The greatest length of the bone of the under jaw 113 feet. From the tip of the pectoral to the head of the humerus mea- sured 6 feet 3 inches. The colour of the back of the head and of the sides to a line passing from the tail beneath the pectoral, black. The jaws, and upper and under sides of both pectorals and tail, also black. The black washed off at the sides into a brilliant white, of which colour were all the other parts, except, as before mentioned, the hollows of the plice. | : Scattered irregularly over the back were greyish spots, from three to four in a square foot, much resembling the appearance that would have been produced by touching the skin with a slightly whitened finger. Their shortest diameter was transverse to the body of the animal, and towards their anterior end they exhibited a nucleus whiter than their general hue. It must be noted, that these spots, though sufficiently obvious under certain lights and on close inspection, were not apparent at a little distance, and did not in the smallest degree interfere with the general intense black of the upper parts. When viewed obliquely, on the other hand, the whole dark por-~ tion of the animal seemed a dull leaden grey ; a deception arising, No. CCCXIII.—ProcrepinGs or THE ZOOLOGICAL SocIETY. 194 no doubt, from the refraction of the light from the polished surface. Even when near to the object, those parts not directly opposite to the eye seemed much paler than they really were. As a species of Physalus has been described as “slate-grey,” and as, despite its real jetty hue, casual observers who had seen the Laman Whale, spoke afterwards of its grey colour, I have thought this circumstance worthy of mention. Since this paper was read, the following additional notes have been addressed by the author to Dr. Gray, under the dates of July 16, Aug. 16, and Sept. 24. 16th July, 1856. Oddly enough, I had not been two hours in Orkney ere I heard: of another whale being ashore. On the first opportunity I started for Copinshay, where I found it had beached itself a week previously. The finders had already flensed it, and it was lying in a position most unfavourable for examination. The back was down, the tide alongside the body, and it was impossible to get at the dorsal fin. It is a male, and I feel sure the same species as the one I described ; most probably the mate of that individual. As it must be of great importance to compare a specimen from the same locality as, and probably the mate of, the last, I send you the only measurements I could make. I would respectfully direct your attention to the fact, that in both this and the female formerly examined, the pectoral, measured from tip to head of humerus, is ewact/y 3;ths of the whole length of the body. This should be the length taken from the pectoral, as it is impossible to know where the true union with the body is, there being of course an anterior and posterior junction. The head in each bears very nearly the same proportions to the whole length. You can imagine with what keenness I made the last few cuts in the putrid mass of carrion, which exposed clearly the mass of cervi- cal vertebree ;—two whales from the same station, of nearly the same size, at nearly the same time, alike in external appearance and in the exact proportion of pectoral, one a male and the other a female. And there the bones lay—so like, as I said, that a drawing of the one would do for a likeness of the other. I feel sure that you will agree with me, that the variations before- mentioned do not weaken the identity of these individuals. As soon as the bones are clean I shall pack them carefully, and send them up. I regret that the fearful state of the carcase pre- vented me from counting the ribs or vertebrae. Indeed it was with the utmost difficulty that I could get any one to lend a hand in se- curing the bones, so awful was the smell and condition, and so huge was the mass of decomposed flesh to be removed,—the whale, unfor- tunately, lying on its back, while no power on earth could have turned it in its then condition. However, my own repugnances vanished at the call of Science, and example works wonders. 195 16th Aug. 1856. After an unusually hard day’s work, I succeeded in safely detach- ing the cervical vertebre of the whale ashore in Copinshay. They are at present safely lying in the sea within a tidal enclosure at Kirkwall, till the crabs and gammari, and such influences, remove the last portions of muscle from them. I shall take the whet off your curiosity by telling you that a drawing of the cervical vertebree of the whale I formerly examined would do for these bones. Though there are some minor differences on a close examination, these are all on the lower side of the bones, viewing them from the direction opposite to the spinous processes. And I think, when you get the specimen, you will feel convinced, on comparing it with that of a Laman whale, that these minor differences are unimportant, and cannot be allowed to interfere with the specific identity of the two whales. These differences are as follows :—In the Laman whale the supe- rior and inferior transverse processes of the 5th cervical vertebra are united, and the lower process of the 6th short; whereas, in the Copinshay whale, the transverse processes of the 5th are not united, and the lower process of the 6th is as long as those of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th. Still, with deference I submit, that when all the other resem- blances are taken into account, these variations cannot be considered essential. I think it will be more easy to point out specific charac- ters in the bones by the union or disunion of the processes of the 2nd cervical vertebra ; by the comparative length of processes as regards the body of the vertebrae, and by the form and angular aperture of ring, than by the circumstance of the lateral processes after the se- cond being united or not. At any rate, I cannot readily imagine that the union or separation of the 5th, and still less so the length of the lower process of the 6th, can be of great value. In this last, the specimen in the Zoological ‘Gardens of Edinburgh and your own set up in the Museum differ, while they certainly resemble each other in every other way, and are evidently of the same species. I feel sure, that drawings of the dorsal aspect of all these bones of all the species known to you will show considerable and tangible dif- ferences, especially in the comparative spread of the processes as you approach the dorsals ; in their varying progression in thickness, —gradual in the Laman and Copinshay whales, sudden from. the 7th cervical to the 1st dorsal in P. antiquorum. Our Orkney whales seem to resemble your P. beens 3 in soifie re- spects, but then the processes are longer, and the wing of the 2nd cervical in the Orkney whales with its perforation is very different from the short development of the 2nd cervical vertebra in P. doops. In P. antiquorum again, the processes rise from the plane of the body of the vertebrae somewhat thus :— 196 in the Laman and Copinshay whale, they fall somewhat thus :— In fact, in some points our Orkney whales seem to connect the cha- racters of the two sections of your genus Physalus, resembling, how- ever, P. Loops more than P. antiqguorum. In my poor opinion, nevertheless, there are amply sufficient characters for separation, and I feel that, when placed side by side, the two specimens I have been so fortunate as to put into your hands will help much to clear up this cetacean mystery, as well as to show what characters are permanent and worthy of selection. . I have some plates of whalebone, which you shall have by and by. It varies slightly in shape and colour from that of the Laman whale, and indeed there is danger, I think, in forming a specific character from the baleen. ‘ The colours on the whale were, according to the description of the finders, identical with those of the Laman whale; the under. jaw a little wider. I shall make a sketch of the form from the measure- ments, and transmit it to you. ft. in. Tip of under jaw to notch in tail .............. 45 6 Tip of upper jaw to eye... o0. 5s. 6. ec de ee 8 2 Pr 35 to anterior of pectoral ........ 15 0 Tip of lower jaw to genital (penis) ............ 28 0 ‘5 39 tofanusiic. als td. WOU aTsG%s-o 2 31 5 From pectoral to pectoral under belly .......... 8 0 Length of pectoral to anterior junction.......... 4 6 Breadth ef pectoral, +.).{2 lila. saith ciel. adpiot @ Length of pectoral (tip to head of humerus) .... 5 6 Width.of tail (6 tacgralar Giants te ceviaevs godt 9 6 Length of cranium (as nearly as possible) ...... 10 4 ‘‘ Back black ; belly white.” The description of the cervical vertebree would form a useful appendix to that of the Laman whale. The measurements may be meantime useful, as showing the similarity of proportion. I feel convinced that the two individuals belong to one species, and hope that the neck vertebree will bear out that opinion. I shall be delighted to hear your wishes in the matter, and to carry them out. Sept. 24, 1856. I propose despatching and booking by first packet the cervical vertebrae, &c. of the Copinshay whale. I am on the point of start- ing for Canada, and I trust they will reach you safe. They are in ~ capital condition and keeping, and will, I am sure, give you assistance , alle 197 in #e Rorqual. I enclose herewith some notes regarding the Caith- ness (Nybster) whale. As regards the ribs of Rorquals, as exemplified in the Copinshay and Laman whale, allow me to call your own attention, and that of cetaceologists and others to the following fact. The first pair of ribs is not articulated to the first dorsal vertebra, nor to any vertebra whatever ; but the first ribs have their ends buried in a mass of ligament, which connects all the upper lateral processes of the cervical and the first dorsal vertebree together. No articulating surface exists on these processes on the first dorsal vertebra ; the articulating surfaces are on the other hand well marked _ on all the other dorsal vertebree. I am certain that you will perceive some value in this observation, of the accuracy of which I am positive, being put on the alert by observing it in the first specimen I examined. One sees the use of the lateral apophyses and their great development in some species. Notes on Nybster Whale. I was unable to do more in the examination of the neck than feel for some of the characteristic processes. The broad wing of the second cervical was perforated by a hole as in the Copinshay and La- man whales, and in every particular that I could ascertain the ver- tebree corresponded with those of these individuals. The external characters, colours, &c. also corresponded. The whale was afloat, being in a creek where the tide did not leave it. Its length, which - I was too late to measure in person, was, I am assured, 65 to 68 feet ; its pectoral from the head of humerus (the only useful measurement) nearly 8 feet. The length of the cranium was 15 feet. The whale was for a finner exceedingly fat, the blubber or “speck” being 8 to 10 inches im thickness. _ These were all the measurements I could make, from the condition of the carcase. _ On my passage home, amid the thousand herring-boats of Wick, lying becalmed in a glassy sea, we were exceedingly interested by the movements of a very large Finner, apparently of the same species as the one I had just left. It rushed round us in every direction with its upper jaw above water, blowing with great violence and noise, and diving, sometimes tranquilly, sometimes in a seething wave, created by its fins and tail. It was evidently feeding on herrings, as every now and then it would rush headlong into portions of the sea where the smooth sur- face was broken by the shoals of fish. The blowholes were at times flat and unprojecting, at other times boldly protuberant, the animal evidently having the power of raising or depressing these organs. As the protuberance of the spiracles has been thought characteristic of species, this is worth noting. The dorsal fin was exactly outlined like those of the Rorquals previously examined. The contour of the snout or upper jaw also exactl resembled that of the Copinshay, Laman, and Nybster whales. This whale was computed by the boatmen and myself to be at least as large as the Nybster whale. I have no manner of doubt but that 198 these four whales were of one species. Certainly the Nybster whale was not Physalus antiquorum, therefore P. antiquorum is not alone in exceeding 60 feet in length, a dimension supposed to be confined to that species. The fin-whales of Orkney and Caithness, every season observed in pursuit of herrings, would seem in all probability to be of the species of which you have received portions. They are not P. doops, for three out of four specimens captured (and the fourth was noé killed) agree with each other, and differ from P. doops in the upper and lower lateral processes of the second cervical vertebra being united, leaving a subcentral foramen. They will no doubt prove to be of a new species, though unex- amined individuals may have doubtless come ashore in Orkney over and over again. 3. DescrIpTiONs oF SHELLS FROM THE GULF oF CALIFORNIA, AND THE Paciric Coasts or Mexico anp CALIFORNIA. Parr Il. By A. A. Gouxup, M.D., anp Puiip P. Car- PENTER. Dr. Gould, the well-known author of the Rep. Invert. Mass. and the U.S. Exp. Shells, having most obligingly sent over the whole of his collections from the Pacific shores of N. America, in order to furnish materials for my Report to the British Association, there have appeared among them several shells not to be identified with re- corded species. Of some of these Dr. Gould enclosed names and diagnoses. For the remainder of the following paper I am alone responsible. Most of the new species in this collection were de- scribed by Dr. Gould in the Proceedings of the Boston N. H. So- ciety ; and have been published in a separate form with three plates. I have therefore regarded this communication as a supplement to that paper, and have adopted the same title. The references apply to it, unless otherwise expressed: > Le oan 8: Bristol, June 21st, 1856. 1. PHoLtapipEa ovorpEA, Gould. Pholas ovoidea, Mex. & Cal. Shells, pt. 1. p. 15. pl. 15. f. 1. Hab. San Diego (Lieut. Green). Mus. Gould. 2. PerricoLa RosuSTA, Sow. Petricola bulbosa, Gould, p. 16. pl. 15. f. 5; B.M. Mazatlan Cat. p. 17. no. 24, 3. CoRBULA POLYCHROMA, 0. s. C. t. gibbosa, transversa, solida; postice angulata, carinulis duabus, altera ad marginem ventralem, altera juxta cicatr. muse. adeuntibus ; sub superficiem externam concentrice sulca- 199 tam, griseam, aurantia, purpureo radiata; intus. purpurea, dent. card. obtusis, cicatr. muse. distinctis, sinu pallit minimo. Long. °37, lat. +53, alt. °27. Hab. In Sinu Californiensi (Lieut. Shipley in Mus. Cuming) ; Sta. Barbara (Col. Jewett in Mus. Gould). Of the general appearance of C. bicarinata, but much less gib- bous, less angulated, and highly coloured. It resembles, but ap- pears distinct from, one of the Claiborne fossils in Mr. Nuttall’s collection. Col. Jewett’s specimens were all dead valves. 4. Lyonsia nitipa, Gould. Osteodesma nitidum, Gould, p. 17. pl. 15. f. 6=(probably) Lyon- sia Californica, Cony. jun. Hab. Sta. Barbara (Lieut. Green). Mus. Gould. 5. SEMELE FLAVESCENS, Gould. Amphidesma flavescens, Gould, p. 19. Semele proxima, B. M. Maz. Cat. p. 28. no. 40. Mus. Cum. pars, non C. B. Adams nec Mus. Cum. pars. The Mazatlan species was identified from the Supposed types in the Cumingian collection. On finding Dr. Gould’s shell identical, it appeared extraordinary that he should have re-described one of Prof. Adams’ species. In another drawer of Mr. Cuming’s cabinet, however, appeared another shell, also named Semele proxima, C. B. Ad., which is probably the real type. It is larger and more pointed at the beaks than the present species. Several of the described spe- cies of Semele are extremely similar. So long, however, as they are kept distinct, the Mazatlan shells must rank under the present name, and not under that of Prof. Adams, under which they have been freely distributed. 6. SANGUINOLARIA MINIATA, Gould. ._ Tellina miniata, Gould, Proc. B. N. H.S. Nov. 1851 3; Mex. &c., p. 24. pl. 16. f. 1. Sanguinolaria purpurea, Desh. P. Z. 8. 1854, p- 346. no. 137 ; B. M. Maz. Cat. p. 31. no. 46. Hab. San Juan (Lieut. Green). Although I have not seen the type of Dr. Gould’s shell, there can hardly be a doubt that it is the same as that of Desh., and therefore has priority over the name adopted in the B.M. Cat. While the earlier sheets of that work were passing through the press, I had only the advantage of Dr. Gould’s plates, without print or dates. A more rapid intercommunication of materials between naturalists in different countries is greatly to be desired. 7. TELLINA TERSA, Gould, p. 25. pi. 16, 2.2. Hab. Panama (Jewett). Mus. Gould. 8. TeELLINnA PuRA, Gould, p- 25. pl. 16. f. 3. Hab. Panama (Jewett). Mus. Gould. 200 9. TeLtina GEMMA, Gould, p. 26. pl. 16. f. 5. Hab. San Juan (Green). Mus. Gould. 10. SrrigtLua CARNARIA, Linn. Tellina (Strigilla) fucata, Gould, p. 26. pl. 16. f.4; Proc. B.S. N. H. 1851, p. 91. Strigilla (Tellina) carnaria, B.M. Maz. Cat. p. 39. no. 66. Strigilla miniata, Gould’s Plates, MS. 11. Donax FLexvosvs, Gould, p. 21. pl. 15. f. 8. Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett). Mus. Gould. A comparison of types proves that this is distinct from all varieties of D. punctato-striatus. From the figure alone they were supposed identical ; vide B.M. Maz. Cat. p. 44. no. 73. 12. Donax Cattrornicus, Conr. Donax obesus, Gould, p. 21. pl. 15. f. 9. (Non D. Californicus, Desh., vide B.M. Maz. Cat. p. 47. no. 76.—N.B. The D. culmi- natus, no. 72 of the same catalogue, is proved from types to be the D. rostratus of C. B. Ad.) 13. GNATHODON MENDICA, Gould. Mactra mendica, Gould, Proc. B. N. H. S. Nov. 1851; Mex. &c. p- 20. pl. 15. f. 4. Gnathodon trigona, Petit, B.M. Maz. Cat. p. 52. no. 81. 14. Mactra exoveta, Gray, B.M. Maz. Cat. p. 50. no. 78. Lutraria ventricosa, Gould, p. 17. 15. Macrra unputata, Gould. Lutraria undulata, Gould, p. 18. pl. 15. f. 7. This shell is most closely related to M. elegans, Sow. Tank. Cat. App. ; but I do not venture to unite them, without seeing the types. 16. Tapes GRAcILIs, Gould, MS. “Tt. parva, tenui, transversa, elongato-ovata, inequilaterali ; albida, obsolete fusco radiata, et ad aream dorsalem posticam fuscata, concentrice striulata ; extremitatibus rotundatis ; intus candida. « Long. *75, alt. *5, lat. -12 poll. “Resembles 7’. forida and 7’. geographica, but is less angular and less inzequilateral.’’—Gould, MS. Hab. San Pedro; legit W. P. Blake*. 17. TAPES TENERRIMA, D. 8. T. t. tenerrima, albido-fusea, obovali, compressa ; marginibus equaliter excurvatis ; striulis yadiantibus creberrimis, antice * Mr. Blake’s collections, along with Dr. Webb’s, do not appear to have been made during the Mexican war. 201 et postice fortioribus, et lirulis acutis concentricis, plus minusve distantibus, eleganter ornata ; lunula viz stria majore definita ; intus, dent, card. ii. radiantibus, quorum valva in altera ii. altera i. bifidi sunt ; sinu pallii maximo, elongato, lateribus sub- erectis, parum divergentibus, apice cicatr. ant. contiguo, sub- rotundato ; margine vix crenulato. Long. -94, lat. 1°13, alt. -38. Hab. Panama; legit Col. Jewett. Mus. Gould. Of this extremely elegant species, the two specimens sent were broken in transit. It is recognized at once by its fragility and delicate sculpture. 18. TRIGONA TANTILLA, Gould. Venus tantilla, Gould, p. 33. pl. 15. f. 10. Hab. Sta Barbara (Jewett). Mus. Gould. 19. Cyciina susquapratA, Hanl.—B.M. Maz. Cat. p.66.no.91. Arthemis saccata, Gould, p. 23. pl. 15. f. 2. 20. CARDIUM LUTEOLABRUM, Gould, Mex. &e. p. 28. - C. xanthocheilum, Gould, MS. Cat. 21. CARDIUM CRUENTATUM, Gould, M.S. ““C. t. parva, tenui, transversim rotundato-ovata, ventricosa, in- e@quilaterali ; levi et nitida ; straminea, et ad aream dorsalem posticam rufo tincta, lineis radiantibus crebris vix insculpta ; umbonibus elevatis, obtusis; extremitatibus rotundatis ; intus citrina, rufo-sanguineo conspersa ; margine concinne crenulato. * Long. *62, alt. -62, lat. -42. “Compares with C. Elenense and C. Mortoni.””—Gould, MS. Hab. San Pedro; legit W. P. Blake. [Probably=C. substriatum, Conr. J. A. N.S. p. 228. pl. 17. f.2.] . s 22. Lucina ARTEMIDIS, 0. 8. _ LL. t. alba, solidiore, subrotundata, subplanata ; marginibus ven- ; trali antice producto, postico subplanato, dorsali subangulato ; umbonibus appressis, haud prominentibus ; superficie sulcis con- centricis crebris ornata ; lunula parva, vix excavata, in valva altera omnino sita, altera margine incurvata ; intus, dent. card. ii.—ii. divergentibus, lat. ant. i—ii. prominentibus, distan- tibus, post. i—ii. valde distantibus, parvis ; cicatr. muse. ant. elongatis, serratis, post. parvis ; linea pallii a margine haud distante. _ Long. +75, lat. +84, alt. +37. _ Hab. ? Acapulco, teste Gould ; Mus. suo, sp. un. Found in company with Tellina vicina, C. B. Ad. Has the characteristic shape and interior of Lucina, with the sculpture of Dosinia. 202 23. DirpLoDONTA ORBELLA, Gould. Lucina orbella, Gould, p. 22. pl. 15. f. 3. ? = Diplodonta semiaspera, var.: v. B.M. Maz. Cat. p. 102. no. 150. Hab. Santa Barbara (Jewett). Mus. Gould. 24. Cyrena Mexicana, var. ALTILIS, Gould. Cyrena altilis, Gould, p. 27. pl. 16. f. 5; vide B.M. Maz. Cat. p- 115, no. 165. Hab. Mazatlan. Maus. Gould, Brit. 25. ANopon cicontA, Gould, p. 29; B.M. Maz. Cat. p. 117. no. 166. 26. Myritus GLomeratus, Gould, p. 29. pl. 16. f. 8. Hab. San Francisco (Maj. Rich.). Mus. Gould. 27. MopDIOLA NITENS, 0. 8s. M. t. tenui, gibbosa, maxime elongata, striis incrementi conspi- cuis ; epidermide olivaceo-cornea nitente induta ; parte antica angusta, umbonibus obtusis, spiralibus, terminalibus ; parte postica maxime producta ; angulo diagonali indistincto, maxime tumente ; marginibus, ventrali ineurvato, dorsali plus minusve angulato ; intus purpurea, parte ventrali albida, translucida ; linea cardinali tenui, edentula. Long. 1°05, lat. *2—-45, alt. *38. Hab. California, teste Gould. Mus. suo. Has the shape of Mytilus multiformis (B.M. Maz. Cat.), the in- ternal colouring of M. Braziliensis, and a glossy epidermis over the irregular lines of growth of a lustrous olivaceous hue. 28. LirHopHacus FALCATUS, Gould. Lithodomus falcatus, Gould, Proc. B. N. H. 8. Nov. 1851; Mex. &e. p. 30. pl. 16.f. 9. =L. Gruneri, Phil. (New Zealand). Mus. Cum. I do not know which name has precedence ; but a comparison of types of these most remarkable shells affords no opportunity for separating the species, widely as their habitats are removed. Hab. Monterey (Rich.). Mus. Gould. 29. BysSOARCA PERNOIDES, I. 8. B. t. subquadrata, planata, albida, epidermide spongiosa fusca induta ; striis exilibus radiantibus, confertissimis ; minutissime tuberculosis ; umbonibus obtusis, antice sitis, area parva ; intus linea dentium maxime arcuata, dentibus extremis validis, interioribus parvis, confertis, quadratis; cicatr. muse. rotun- datis, politis ; pagina interna, intra lineam pallii, radiatim striata ; margine simplici ; ligamento fossis quadratis minutis 203 confertis, haud dentibus convenientibus, sito, aream quoque tegente. Long. -68, lat. 53, alt. *32. Hab. San Diego (Dr. Webb). Valv. unic. in Mus. Gould. Somewhat resembling the fine variety of B. solida, but squarer, and known at once by the teeth and ligament. This is (under the glass) in minute pits, as in Tsognomon, but with an extra layer cover- ing the whole area. 30. AvicuLA sTERNA, Gould, p. 31. pl. 16.f. 7; B.M. Maz. Cat. p- 148. no. 203. 31. Lima Terrica, Gould, p. 32. pl. 16. f. 6. Hab. La Paz (Rich). Mus. Gould. 32. BuLIMUS PALLIDIOR, Sow. Bulimus vegetus, Gould, p. 2. pl. 14. f. 2. 33. Buximus vEsicaLts, Gould, p. 2. pl. 14. f. 1. ** Probably immature.”’—Cuming. Hab. Lower California (Rich). Mus. Gould. 34. Buximus ExceLsus, Gould, p. 3. pl. 14. f. 3. Hab. California (Rich). Mus. Gould. 35. Puysa ExaTA, Gould, p. 6. pl. 14. f.4; B.M. Maz. Cat. p- 180. no. 237. 36. ToRNATINA CULCITELLA, Gould. Bulla (Akera) culcitella, Gould, p. 4. pl. 14. f. 8. Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett). Mus, Gould. 37. ToRNATINA CEREALIS, Gould. . Bulla (Tornatina) cerealis, Gould, p. 5. pl. 14. f. 9. Hab. Sta. Barbara (Jewett). Mus. Gould. 38. ToRNATINA INCULTA, Gould, MS. “ T. t. minuta, eburnea, solidula, elongato-ovali, longitudinaliter minutissime striata ; spira elevata ; anfr. iv. tabulatis ; aper- tura 14 longitudinis teste adequante, antice dilatata; labro infleco, postice rotundato ; columella arcuata, callosa, unipli- cata. “ Bulla (Tornatina) inculta. .May be compared with B. fusi- formis, A. Ad., and B. constricta, Gould. The spire is sometimes scarcely exserted. ”— Gould, MS. Hab. San Diego ; teste Gould. 39. HamineEa VEsicuLa, Gould. “ H. t. parva, fragili, ovato-globosa, pallide citrina, postice trun- cata ; apertura corpus teste duplo excedente, spiram superante, 204 postice et antice late rotundata ; columella valde arcuata, vie callosa. « Bulla (Haminea) vesicula. About the size and general appear- ance of B. rotundata, A. Adams ; not so large a body; aperture larger.”’—Gould, MS. Hab. San Diego ; legit W. P. Blake. 40. Nacexxa pepicta, Hinds. Patelloida depicta, Hinds, Aun. Nat. Hist. x. p. 82; Voy. Sulph. Moll. p. 53. no. 217, Acmea paleacea, Gould, p. 3. pl. 14. f. 5. 41. Ompnatius Preirrerti, Phil. Trochus marcidus, Gould, p. 8. pl. 14. f. 11. Comp. Chlorostoma maculosum, A. Ad.—Philippi’s name is given on the important authority of Mr. Cuming. Dr. Gould’s shell seems more like that of A. Adams; while his Zrochus Montereyi, Kien., appears to he 7', Pfeifferi, Phil. 42, OsILINUS GALLINA, Var. Trochus (Monodonta) pyriformis, Gould, p. 9. 43. Livona pica, Linn. Trochus picoides, Gould, p. 8. This species is said to have been taken alive at Santa Barbara by Col. Jewett, who brought home five specimens. Dr. Gould, for geographical reasons, describes them asa distinct species. The exclu- sive peculiarities assigned to the Pacific shells are often seen in the very variable W. Indian specimens. The dead shell sent by Dr. Gould was unhesitatingly pronounced by Mr. Cuming to be the true Trochus pica, Linn. «It did not occur inthe Mazatlan collection, nor has it been found by Messrs. Cuming, Hinds, C. B. Adams, Nuttall, Kellett, Belcher, Chiron, Shipley, Hartweg, or any other of the care- ful explorers of the Pacific coast. 44, PHASIANELLA compta, Gould, MS. « Ph. t. parva, solida, ovato-conica, imperforata, polita, cineras- cente, lineis minutis olivaceis, oblique volventibus, ornata; anfr. iv. rotundatis, ultimo ad peripheriam subangulato, et interdum tessellatim fasciato ; apertura circulari ; labro tenui, albo; columella planulata, alba; faucibus callo incrassatis.”” Variat t. rubida, ut in Ph. perforata picta. Hab. Sta. Barbara (Col. Jewett) ; San Diego (Dr. Webb, W. P. Blake). Mus. Gould. For the differences between this species and the equatorial Ph. perforata, vide B.M. Maz. Cat. p. 225. no. 284. 45. CRUCIBULUM CORRUGATUM, 0. 8. C. t. compacta, conica, solida, alba ; costis irregularibus angustis, haud acutis, primum paucis, postea plurimis, corrugatis ; inter- 205 stitiis quoque corrugatis ; cyatho (ut in C. spinoso juniore) in- completo, duabus marginibus affixo, intus planato et angulato ; margine a costis crenulato. Long. *7, lat. 68, alt. °48. Hab, Mazatlan (Col. Jewett) ; sp. unic. in Mus. Gould. It is hazardous to describe a Calyptreid from a single specimen. This has the general aspect of C. violascens, with sculpture resem- bling C. imbricatum var. Broderipii, and a cup, which, although the shell has an appearance of normal growth, preserves the incomplete- ness which is characteristic of the genus in its early stage. The young state seems to have been externally like that of Siphonaria gigas, with few, narrow, projecting ribs. The apex is rubbed. It resembles Calyptrea striata, Say. 46. CREPIDULA EXPLANATA, Gould, p. 4. pl. 14. f. 7. Crepidula perforans, Val. Voy. Ven. Moll. Crepidula exuviata (quasi Nutt.), Jay’s Cat. no. 3027. - This shell, remarkable as is the form of the adult, is normal when young. Specimens of C. nivea were found in the Mazatlan collec- tion of similarly distorted form, from living in the holes of Litho- phagi; but they never displayed the cancellations between the lamine which appear in some specimens, but not all, of the present species. The prior name of Valenciennes is rejected, as implying an untruth. * 47. Mopvutwvs piscutvs, Phil. Modulus dorsuosus, Gould, p. 10. pl. 14, f. 12. 48. Fossarus (Isapis) ovorpEvs, Gould. Narica ovoidea, Gould, p. 7. pl. 14. f. 10. Comp. Fossar reticulatus, A. Ad. ; vide B.M. Maz. Cat. in loco. Hab. ? Mazatlan (Col. Jewett). Mus. Gould. - 49. ? LACUNA UNIFASCIATA, 0. 8S. ? L. t. parva, solida, conica, ad basin angulata ; anfr.v. levibus, parum convexis, sutura distincta ; rufo-fusca, linea intensiore ad carinam suture convenientem, interdum maculis adjacen- tibus; rima umbilicali a labio subcelata; apertura ovali ; : apice regulari. Long. *23, long. spir. *11, lat. °15, alt. °45°. Hab. Sta. Barbara (Col. Jewett). Mus. Gould. This shell has the shape of Littorina angulifera, the general aspect of the small Phasianelle, and the chink of Lacuna. Its operculum is unknown, all the specimens in Mus. Gould being dead. 50. CerRITHIDEA ALBONODOSA, 0. s. C. t. solida, C. varicose simili, compacta, fusco-purpurea, va- ricibus et nodulis albis, fasciis spiralibus intensioribus sepe ornata ; anfr.. xii. parum convexis, sutura impressa ; liris spiralibus iv. in anfr. penult. et liris creberrimis transversis vix undatis, ad intersectiones nodosis, ornata ; varicibus iii. in 206 anfr. ii. ; apertura subquadrata, sinu minmo, labio haud ex- panso ; operculo subplanato, nucleo mucronato, anfr. plurimis indistinctis, fusco, ad marginem tenuissimum diaphano. Long. °8, long. spir. “57, lat. 33, div. 20°. Hab. San Diego; legit Dr. Webb. Mus. Gould. Known from C. varicosa var. Mazatlanica, by the light purplish- brown tinge, the colour of which wears off at the varices and nodules, and by the details of sculpture. 51. CeriTHIDEA (? SACRATA, var.) FUSCATA, Gould, MS. Cerithium (Potamis) sacratum, Gould, Exp. Shells, p. 60. Pirena Californica, Nuttall, MS. “ ?= C. luteolabrum sive xanthocheilum, Gould. 218 46. CarpiuM susstriaTuM, Conr. Journ. p. 228. pl. 17. f. 2. Hab. San Diego, paludibus luteosis. Mus. Nutt. Closely resembles the young of C. elatum: differs from C. Mor- toni, Conr., in being less ventricose, and in its strie and serrate margin. 47. Luctna BELLA, Conr. Journ. p. 254. pl. 19. f. 11. = L. pecten, var. teste Jay. Hab. San Diego, in paludes limosas, haud raré. Mus.? Jay. 48. Lucina Cauirornica, Conr. Journ. p. 255. pl. 20. f. 1. Hab. San Diego, una cum precedente; raré. Mus. Jay. —~ 49. Lucina Nutraxut, Conr. Journ. p. 255. pl. 20. £2: Hab. San Diego, una cum precedente. Mus. Nuttall. This beautiful species is recognized by its winged growth. —— 50. DirLoponTA ORBELLA, Gould. Lucina orbella, Cal. & Mex. Shells, p. 22; vide B.M. Maz. Cat. p- 102. no. 150; P. Z.S. 1856, p. 202. Hab. Santa Barbara, in eestuario limoso. Mus. Nuttall, Gould. 51. Anopon Nurrauuiana, Lea, Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. vol. vi. pl. 20. f. 62. Hab. In flumine Wahlamat, Oregon. Mus. Nutt., Jay. 52. Anopon OreGoneEnsis, Lea, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vol. vi. pl. 21. f. 67. Hab. In flumine Wahlamat, Oregon. Mus. Jay. 53. Anopon WAHLAMATENSIS, Lea, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vol. vi. pl. 20. f. 64. Hab. In flumine Wahlamat, Oregon. Mus. Jay. 54. Mopioxa capax, Conr. Journ. p. 242; B.M. Mazatlan Cat. p- 120. no. 170, q. v. Hab. San Diego, inter paludes limosas, Mus. Brit., Cuming, Gould, &c. 55. Moptoxa recta, Conr. Journ. p. 243. pl. 19. f. 1. Long. 271, lat. +94, alt. °8. Hab. Sta. Barbara, rarius. Mus. Gould. The measurements are taken froma very fine specimen in Dr. Gould’s collection, in which the epidermis is posteriorly clothed with squamose hairs. 219 ~—~56. Myrinus epu.is, var. LaTissimus. M. e. t. curta, triangulari, latissima. Long. 1-1, lat. 77, alt. °5. Hab. California Superior ; legit 7’. Nuttall : sp. unic. in Mus. suo. Among the specimens of this species brought by Mr. Nuttall, some appeared exactly like the normal European type ; one presented the ~~ well-known thin striped variety ; and that above indicated presents the extreme broad stunted form occasionally seen in this country. All the specimens present the subepidermal apical denticles noticed by Middendorff as (7. e. in form and number) characteristic of the species. 07. Myrintus Cauirornranvs, Conr. Journ. p- 242. pl. 18. f. 15. Hab. Santa Barbara, Monterey, San Diego, in rupibus. Mus. Gould, Jay. 98. Myrinus srrurcatus, Conr. Journ. p- 241. pl. 18. f. 14, Hab. ? California. Mus. Gould, Jay. This shell is stated by Conrad to inhabit the “Sandwich Islands (Ouau, &c.), attached to rocks bare at low water ;”’ but his authority, when unconfirmed by the notes or remembrance of Mr. Nuttall, is not binding, as one shell which he assigns to the Sandwich Islands he calls Perna Californica (p. 245). It occurs among Dr. Gould’s Mexican War Shells with the unsatisfactory reference “Californian coast, somewhere.”’ -— 59. Isognomon COSTELLATA, Conr. Perna costellata, Conr. Journ. p- 246. Hab. Sta. Barbara, sub saxis. Mus. Jay, Nuttall. The habitats of Conrad’s Perne are not satisfactorily ascertained. Of P. incisa Mr. Nuttall (whose specimen has 6, not 5 teeth) con- firms Conrad’s locality, viz. Sandwich Islands. Of the shell called P. Californica, Mr. Nuttall has no specimen, but believes Conrad is right in stating that it “inhabits with the preceding,” 7.e. in the Sandwich Islands. The third species, described above, is also assigned by Conrad to the Sandwich Islands, but Mr. Nuttall, who retains his specimen, distinctly refers it to the above locality. —. 60a. Precten LATIAURATUS, Conr. Journ. p- 238. pl. 18. f. 9; Rve. Conch. Ic. pl. 1. sp. 5 ; “Sow. Thes. Conch. vol. i. p- 57. Hab. San Diego et Sta. Barbara; sub effluxum maris. Mus. Nutt., Cum. 60 6. Pecten Monotimerits, Conr. Journ. p- 238. pl. 18. f. 10. Hab. Una cum precedente. Mus. Jay. Mr. Nuttall considers that this shell is probably a variety of P. latiauratus. The young are occasionally found attached to Fuci by a slender byssus. 220 61. Osrrea concHapuita, B.M.Cat. Maz. Moll.p.161.no. 214. Hab. Oregon, San Diego. Mus. Nuttall. 62. BuLia NeBuLosa, Gould. —— Vide B.M. Maz. Cat. p. 173. no. 225. Hab. Sta. Barbara. Mus. Nutt., Brit., Cuming. 63. Hextix Cattrorniensis, Lea, Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. vol. vi. pl. 23. f. 79, 84; Kiist. Conch. Cab. pl. 57.f.14, 15; Rve. Conch. Ic. pl. 115. f. 661; Pfr. 890. +H. Nickliniana, Lea, teste Jay, Cat. no. 3452. Hab. Columbia River. Mus. Jay. 64. Hextix Cotumsrana, Lea, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vol. vi. pl. 23. f. 75; Rve. pl. 118. sp. 692; Pfr. 897. Hab. California. Mus. Jay. 65. Hewrx rrpetis, Gray, P. Z. 8. 1834, p. 67; Rwve. pl. 114. sp. 657; Pfr. 888. =H. Nuttalliana, Lea, Trans. &e. pl. 23. f. 74. Hab. Oregon. Mus. Jay. 66. Hextix Oreconensis, Lea, Trans. &c. pl. 23. f. 85; Pfr. 1 GEA I Hab. Oregon. Mus. Jay. ——- 67. Hetrx Vancovuverensis, Lea, Trans. &c. pl. 23. f. 72; Rve. pl. 116. sp. 669; Pfr. 519. Hab. Oregon. Mus. Nutt., Jay. - ——- 68. Hexrix TownsenpiAna, Lea, Trans. &c. pl. 23. f. 80. Hab. Oregon. Mus. Gould. 69. SucctneA Oreconensis, Lea, Trans. &e. 1841, p. 32; Pfr. 34. Hab. Oregon. Mus. Jay. 70. Limnza Nutratuiana, Lea, Trans. &c. 1841, p. 9. Hab. Oregon. Mus. Jay. © 71. Puysa, sp. ind. Allied to Ph. elata, Gould, B.M. Maz. Cat. p.180. no. 237; P.Z.S. 1856, p. 203. Hab. Oregon. Mus. Nuttall. —— 72. PLANORBIS SUBCRENATUS, I. S. P.t. tumida, tenuissima, cornea; anfr. vi. rotundatis, suturis impressis ; lirulis radiantibus acutis, subconfertis, interdum minutissime crenulatis ; apertura rotundata, pariete parva, 221 anfr. penult. parum attingente ; labro parum deflecto, intus Susco; umbilico profundo. Long. °95, lat. °8, alt. -36. Hab. Oregon ; legit T. Nuttall; sp. unic. in Mus. suo. * Differs from P. trivolis, Say, in the acuteness of the ribs, and in their being more distant.””—Cuming, MS. —~ 73. Cuiton Nutraxut, Cpr. P. Z. 8.1855, p. 231. —— 74. Curton acutus, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 232. 75. Carron ornatus, Nutt. P. Z.S. 1855, p. 232. This may be the Chiton armatus, Nutt. of Jay’s Cat. 2678 ; and if so = Ch. muscosus, Gould, Exp. Shells, p. 6. The descriptions do not however exactly correspond. 76. “Acm#a patina, Esch. Zool. Atl. ed. Rathke, 1831, p. 19. pl. 24. f. 7,8; Mid. Bull. Ac. St. Pet. vol. vi. no. 20; Sib. Reise, p- 187. pl. 16. f. 1 a—d, 2 a-c, 3. + A. seutum, Esch. loc. cit. p. 19. pl. 23. f. 1-3; teste Mid. loc. cit. et Phil. in Zeit. f. Mal. 1846, p. 107; ? D’Orb. Voy. Am. Mér. p- 479 (excl. fig.). = Patella mammillata, Nutt. in Jay’s Cat. no. 2839 ; Rve.Conch. Ic, pl. 42. f. 140, a, 6. + Patella tessellata, Nutt. in Jay’s Cat. no. 2885. + Jun. Patella fenestrata, Nutt. in Jay’s Cat. no. 2815; Rve. Conch. Ic. pl. 38. f. 121, a, . + Patella verriculata, Rve. Conch. Ic. pl. 31. f. 87, a, b. + Patella cinis, Rve. Conch. Ic. pl. 24. f. 60, a, . c. ? + Patella Nuttalliana, Rve. Conch. Ie. pl. 30. f. 80, a, 6. ?+ Patellu Cumingii, Rve. Conch. Ic. pl. 16. f. 37, a, 6 (Valpa- raiso, Cuming). ? + Patella diaphana, Nutt. non Rve. (v. supra, p. 203). = Lottia pintadina (pars), Gould, loc. cit. in p. 203. Hab. Sitcha (Eschscholtz, Wosnessenski) ; Kenai Bay (do.) ; Aleutian Islands, Unalashka (Kastaljski) ; Tugur Bay, Schantar Islands (Middendorf’) ; California, passim (Nuttall) ; Monterey, San Diego (Lieut. Green); Mazatlan, 2 fresh sp. (L’ pool Coll.) ; (2) Chili, Bolivia, Peru (D’ Orbigny).” —B.M. Maz. Cat. no. 265. p. 207. 77. ACMA PELTA, Esch. ‘ = Patella leucophea, Nutt. MS. (non Gmel.); Jay’s Cat. no. 2827; Rve. Conch. Ic. pl. 34. sp. 101. + P.monticola, Nutt. MS.=P. monticolor, Jay’s Cat. no. 2844. + P, strigillata, Nutt. MS. ; Jay’s Cat. no. 2881. 78. ““Acm#a persona, Esch. Zool. Atl. p. 20. pl. 24. f. 1, 2; Mid. Mal. Ros. pt. ii. p. 36. pl. 1. f. 3. + Jun.=A. radiata, Esch. loc. cit. p. 20. no. 8 (teste Mid.). + A. ancylus, Esch. loc. cit. p. 20. no. 10. pl. 24. f. 4 bis, 6 (do.). 222 = A. scutum, D’Orb. loc. cit. pi. 64. f. 8-10, excl. diagn. (teste Mid.) non A. seutum, D’Orb. MS. in B.M. Coll. ?—Lottia punctata, Gray (non Quoy & Gaim.), teste Mid. = Patella Oregona, Nutt. in Jay’s Cat. no. 2852; Rve. Conch. Ie. pl. 36. f. 112, a. 6. +P. umbonata, Nutt. loc. cit. no. 2887; Rve. loc. cit. pl. 35. £1072 ia, 6. +P. pileata, Nutt. loc. cit. no. 2861. Hab. Sitcha (Eschscholtz) ; Mouth of Columbia River (Nuttall); Sta. Barbara (Col. Jewett); San Diego (Lieut. Green) ; Mazatlan, 1 fresh sp. (Z’pool Coll.).’,—B.M. Maz. Cat. no. 266. p. 208. —— 79. *“*AcMA SCABRA, Nutt. Lottia scabra, Jay’s Cat. no. 2907. Patella scabra, Rve. Conch. Ic. sp. 119. pl. 37. f. 119, a, 6. Non Patella (Lottia) scabra, Gould, Exp. Shells, p. 10 = Patella spectrum, Nutt. Hab. California (Nuttall); Monterey and Sta. Barbara (Col. Jewett) ; Mazatlan, 1 sp. only (L’pool Coll.) ; S.W. Mexico, 1 sp. (P. P. C.)”—B.M. Maz. Cat. no 267. p. 209. 80. Acmxa spectrum, Nutt. Jay’s Cat. no. 2877; Rve. Conch. Ic. pl. 29. sp. 76. f. 76, a, 6. = Patella (Lottia) scabra, Gould, Exp. Shells, p. 10. Hab. California. Mus. Nutt., Cum., Gould. —~ 81. Scurria miTRA, Less. & Esch. Patella scurra, Less. Voy. Coq. 1830, Zool. p. 421. no. 198. Acmea scurra, D’ Orb. Voy. Am. Mér. p. 478. Patella (Acmea) seurra, Mid. Mal. Ross. ii. p. 34. = Acmea mitra, Esch. Zool. Atl. 1833, p. 18. pl. 23. f. 4. +A. mammillata, Esch. p. 18. + A. marmorea, Esch. p. 19. = ? Lottia pallida, Gray, Zool. Beech. Voy. p. 147. pl. 39. f. 1. = Scurria scurra, Gray, olim. =Sceurria mitra, Gray, Gen. 1856. Hab. Valparaiso, abundans (Cuming); Monterey, haud raré (Nuttall) ; Sitcha (Eschscholtz §- Wosnessenski). 3— 82. FissurRELLA ornata, Nutt. MS. F. t. ovata seu elongata, plus minusve elevata ; costis rotundatis, subtuberculosis, haud extantibus, haud equalibus, confertis, interstitiis parvis, et striulis ewillimis concentricis confertis- simis ornata ; epidermide tenui, subnitente, adherente ; aper- tura subcentrali, normaliter tripartita, plus minusve elongata ; colore, ewtus griseo (t. juniore rosaceo), radiis plus minusve latis, xiii.-xvi., fusco-purpureis seu roseis, eleganter picta ; intus, superficie alba, porcellana, margine viridi-cinereo, ra- 223 diorum finibus penicillato; callositate parum rugosa, t. ju- niore linea rosea circumeunte. Var. mMonstrosa. Variat t. subrotundata, conica, radiis peni- cillatis, apertura normali rotundata 3 apertura altera abnor- mali minima, extus alteri adjiciente, intus distante, callositate magna. Hab. California Superior ; legit 7. Nuttall. Mus. suo, B.M. long. long. apert. lat. alt. Sp. normale .... 1-6 “2 1*12 °42 poll. Sp. elongatum .. 1-09 32 "63 2B, Sp. monstrosum.. 1: “1 “78 "5 This extremely beautiful species varies almost as much as F. ru- gosa, Sow. A similar monstrosity occurring in F. virescens, Sow., is described in the B.M. Mazatlan Cat. p- 214. It is, by an over- sight, assigned to St. Helena as a habitat, by Dr. Jay, Cat. no. 3003. 83. Giypuis * aspera, Esch. . Fissurella aspera, Esch. Zool. Atl. pt.v. p. 21. pl. 23. f. 5. =F. densiclathrata, Rve., teste Cum. MS. =F. exarata, Nutt. MS. Hab. Sitcha (Eschscholtz) ; Sta. Barbara (Nuttall). Mus. Nutt., Cum. —~- 84. Lucapina CRENULATA, Sow. Fissurella crenulata, Sow. Conch. I. no. 19. f. 31, 38; Tank. Cat. App. p. vi. Hab. San Diego. Mus. Nutt., Cum., Nat. Hist. Philadelphia. Mr. Nuttall describes the animal of this beautiful shell to be nearly as large as a cheese. He presented his specimen to the Mus. Nat. Hist. Phil. in hopes that the authorities there would describe it ; in which he has been thus far disappointed. 85. Haxriotis Catirornrensts, Swains. Zool. Ill. vol. ii. pl. 80. Hab. San Diego. 86. Haxiotis Cracueropt, Leach, Sow. Conch. Ill. pl. 7. f. 23. =H. glaber, Schub. & Wagn. pl. 224. f. 3086-7. Hab. Monterey.. Mus. Jay, Nutt. 87. Hatiotis spLenpEns, Rve. Conch. Ic. pl. 3. f..9. Hab. San Diego. The black animals of one of these species adhere with such tena- * Subgenns Giypuis= Lueapina, H. & A. Ad. Gen. i. 447, maxima pars, non Gray. Animal margine pallii Jimbriato, marginem teste superante. Testa superficie cancellata, margine crenulato, callositate sepe truncata, interdum laminata ; testa juniori Rimuleformi, spira in apertura crescente absorpta. Vide B.M. Maz. Cat. p. 220. Etym. yAugis, a notch or triglyph ; from the sculp- tured surface. 224 city to the rocks, that a clasp knife is broken in endeavouring to loosen them. The natives remove them with bayonets and eat them. 88. PomauLAx unpbosus, Mawe. Trochus undosus, Wood, Suppl. pl. 5. f. 1. p. 16. Hab. Monterey. Mus. Nutt., Brit., Cuming. —~ 89. Trocuiscus Norristt, Sow. Hab. Monterey. Mus. Nutt., Brit., Cuming. The young shell (teste Nuttall) has ‘scarcely any umbilicus, and has a small tooth in the mouth. — 90. Trocuus FiLosus, Wood, Suppl. pl. 5. f. 23. =Trochus ligatus, Gould, Exp. Sh. p. 55. =T. castaneus (Nutt. MS.), Forbes, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 271. Var.=T. doliarius, Gould, MS., non Chem. ? Var. = Ziziphinus annulatus, A. Ad. P. Z. 8. 1851, p. 164 = Trochus virgineus, Gould, MS.,non Mart. in Lam. An. s. Vert. vol. ix. p. 144. no. 51. =Trochus virgineus, Chemn. The Lamarckian species are said to come from New Zealand, and are probably allied forms. If that should prove incorrect, the name of Wood will give way. As it is, so indifferent a figure scarcely deserves precedence of the described species of Gould. “Mr. Nuttall considers the two Californian forms conspecific. 91. OmpHALIUS ATER, Less. =T. gallina, Forbes, P. Z. 8. 1850, p. 271. Hab. California. Mus. Nutt., Cum., Brit., &e. 92. OMPHALIUS FUSCESCENS, Phil. =Trochus luridus, Nutt. MS. Hab. Sta. Barbara. Mus. Nutt., Cum., Brit. —~ 93. OMPHALIUS MARGINATUS, Nutt. Hab. California. Mus. Nutt., Brit. _— 94, OMPHALIUS AUREOTINCTUS, Forbes. Trochus aureotinctus, Forbes, P. Z. 8, 1850, p. 271. ? =Trochus pallidus, Nutt. MS. =T. cateniferus, Poliez, teste Gould. Hab. California. Mus. Nutt., Brit., Cum. —— 95. Crepiputa ruGosA, Nutt. MS. Cr. t. “Cr. onici” simili, sed epidermide nitente, tenui, adhe- rente ; vertice nucleoso Velutine-formi ; t. juniore intense atro- 225 . fusca ; septo subdiaphano, margine magis declivi ; intus et ad apicem atro-purpureo ; margine acuto. Long. 1°97, lat. 1°26, alt. -54. Hab, California Superior; legit 7. Nuttall. Museis suo, Jay, Cuming. This shell is regarded by Dr. Jay as identical with Cr. onyx, Sow. (=Cr. hepatica, C. B. Ad.? non Desh.), which it resembles in the character of the spire, and in the general appearance. The specimens examined differ in colour, which is not so lustrous; in habit of growth, which is not lamellar; in the sepium, which is rather less opaque, particularly in the young shell; and especially in the epi- dermis, which is glossy, and only interrupted by the wrinkles of growth beneath. Whether these differences are of specific value, must await the examination of more numerous specimens. Vide B.M. Maz. Cat. no. 340. p. 278. —— 96. CrEPIDULA , Sp. ind. Crepidula navicelloides, Nutt. MS. in Jay’s Cat. no. 3035. Comp. Crepidula minuta, Mid. Mal. Ross. pl. 1). f. 6, 7. p. 101 (Sitka). Comp. Crepidula nummaria, Gould, Exp. Shells, p. 15. Hab. California. Mus. Jay, Nutt. From the very imperfect materials, it is impossible to determine this species with confidence. It has a great resemblance to C. nivea, var. sguama (v. B.M. Maz. Cat. no.341.p.280), but the apex appears distinct both from that and C. unguiformis. Middendorff’s young ‘shell is probably conspecific ; and the species may hereafter include the following. 97. CREPIDULA EXPLANATA, Gould, Mex. & Cal. Shells, p. 4. pl. 14. f. 7; P. Z.S. 1856, p. 205. =Crepidula exuviata, Nutt. MS. in Jay’s Cat. no. 3027. =Crepidula perforans, Val. Voy. Ven. Hab. California. Mus. Jay, Gould, Cuming. This shell appears an aberrant form of the last species, caused by living in the hole of a Lithophagus. The young shell is normal ; the nugleus is large, smvoth, not imbedded as in Cr. unguiformis, nor standing out as in Cr. nivea. There is only one large spiral turn. The most peculiar character of the shell is the cancellation between the laminz, but this only appears in some of the specimens. Distortions occur of the true Cr. nivea, almost equally aberrant in form. Vide B.M. Maz. Cat. p. 284. — 98. CrEPIDULA ACULEATA, Var. = Crepidula Californica, Nutt. MS. B.M. Maz. Cat. p. 268. no. 334. Hab. Sta. Barbara, frequens. Mus. Nutt., Brit., Warrington, &c. ™— 99. CruciBULUM sPINosum, Sow. B.M. Cat. Maz. Moll. no. 344. p. 290. Hab. Monterey, rarissime. Mus. Nuttall. _ No. CCCXV.—ProceepinGs OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 226 100. Hipponyx Grayanus, Mke. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1856, p. 4 ; B.M. Maz. Cat. no. 350. p. 299. - Hab. California, rarissime. Mus. Nuttall. - 101. SprroGiypeHus , Sp. ind. Hab. Sta. Barbara, Crepidulam aculeatam erodente. Sp. jun. in Mus. Nuttall. » 102. ALETES* SQUAMIGERUS, 0. s. A, t. majore, flavido-albida, solute spirali, plerumque glomerata ; superficie costis spiralibus, squamis instructis ; costulis pluribus intercalantibus, sguamulis minoribus ; squamis et squamulis im- bricatis, arcuatis ; interdum aperturam versus sculptura obso- leta. Hab. Sta. Barbara. Sp. magn. glomer. in Mus. Nuttall; San Diego, Mus. Gould. A fine group of this shell is in Mr. Nuttall’s collection. It agrees in the main with the Mazatlan species, but differs in colour and sculpture. Mr. Nuttall believes that he found another species with- out scales. f 103. PETALOCONCHUS MACROPHRAGMA, n. 8., B.M. Maz. Cat. no. 359. p. 309 ; et Monogr. Petaloconchorum (Proc. Z. 8. postea). Hab. San Diego, Euraphia Heméeli adherens. Mus. Nuttall. Of the remarkable Cirripedi to which this shell is attached, only two specimens were found by Mr. Nuttall, and described by Conr. Journ. p. 261. pl. 20. f. 13. 104. CeriIrHIDEA SACRATA, Gould. Cerithium (Potamis) sacratum, Gould, Exp. Shells, p. 60. = Pirena Californica, Nutt. MS. Hab. Monterey, Sta. Barbara, &c., aquis mixtis. Mus. Nutt., Brit. —— 105. Lirorina PLANAXIS, Phil. = Littorina tenebrata, Gould. Hab. California. Mus. Nutt., Brit. * The genus Siphonium is thus characterized and divided in the B.M. Maz. Cat. p. 301. Genus S1rHonium, Bronne. Testa valde irregularis, juniore haud turritelloidea. Operculum tenue, con- cavum, simplex. A. Species typici. Operculo valde concavo, vix spirali. Oceanis Indico et Atlantico reperte. B. Subgenus ALETES (aAyrns, errator). Operculo parum concavo, multispi- rali, fere ut in Turritella formato. For further information on the opercula of Vermetida, y. B.M. Maz. Cat. pp. 300-312. * 227 106. Natica? Maroccana, var. CALIFORNICA. N. ?M. t. aurantio-fusca, labio intus suturam calloso ; operculo extus solidiore, margine minus extante, ad nucleum magis cal- loso. Long. ‘88, long. spir. *22, lat. *72, div. 100°. Hab. California Superior; legit 7. Nuttall, Mus. suo; legit Lady K. Douglas, Mus. Brit. The specific identity of shells belonging to this type from different faunas, is not yet decided. As compared with the W. Mexican shells (NV. Pritchardi, Forbes, = N. Chemnitzii, Pfr.), the Califor- nian specimens are rather more coarse-grained and solid, with the parietal callosity stronger under the suture. The operculum is thicker, with the margin less turned-up in proportion. Colour orange-brown, sometimes obscurely banded. ~107. RANELLA TRIQUETRA, teste Nutt. MS. Hab. San Diego. Mus. Nuttall. Exceedingly like a young Vitularia salebrosa. 108. Mirra maura, teste Nutt. MS. Hab. California Superior. Mus. Nuttall. —— 109. OxrveLLa GLANDINARIA, Nutt. Glandinaria Californica, Nutt. MS. O. t. bulbiformi, in medio inflata, utrinque regulariter constricta ; spira satis elevata, acuta; haud polita, purpureo-fusca, in spira aurantia, circa basin violaceo tincta; apertura antice dilatata; columella ad basin biplicata; labio calloso, levi ; eallositate basali haud lata. Long. °88, long. spir. *29, lat. 47, div. 70°. Hab. In California Superiore; legit 7. Nuttall. Sp. unic. in Mus. suo. The genus Glandinaria appears to have been proposed (not pub- lished) by Mr. Nuttall, in ignorance of the establishment of Olivella by D’Orbigny, with which it exactly coincides. The name is re- tained for the very well marked species, in preference to the ill-used Californica. — 110. Buccinum Povutsont, Nutt. MS. Hab. Upper California. Mus. Nuttall. 111. Purpura apPerta, Blainv. var. Purpura aperta, Kien. Icon. Conch. p. 81. no. 51. pl. 20. f. 59, et var. pl. 22. f.64; Rve. Conch. Ic. pl. 3. sp. 15; Jay’s Cat. no. 8942. Purpura macrostoma, Conr. Journ. p. 267. Hab. Sta. Barbara. Mus. Jay. Conrad says this species may be readily distinguished from P. aperta, but does not say how. Dr. Jay considers the two identical ; 228 and as he seems to have the type, his opinion is followed. Mr. Reeve’s reference to the Nouv. Ann. Mus. cannot be verified. It appears to have been published by Kiener from a manuscript name. 112. Purpura warps, Conr. Journ. p. 266. pl. 20. f. 25, Hab. Sta. Barbara. Mus. Nuttall. —— 113. Purpura EMARGINATA, Desh. = P. Conradi, Nutt. MS.; teste Jay, Cat. 8972. Mus. suo. Hab. California. ~- 114. Monoceros ENGONATUM, Conr. P. (Monoceros) engonata, Conr. Journ. p. 264. pl. 20. f. 17: diagn. auct. * M. t. fusiformi ; anfractibus superne angulo saliente carinatis, spiraliter sulcatis, striis incrementi vir decussatis ; anfr. tertio longitudinaliter costellato ; pallida, maculis fuscis, intensiori- bus, angulatis, ornata ; intus alba, maculis paucis purpureis ;” apertura valde elongata ; canali haud parva ; labro intus den- tibus plurimis ; “ acanthina tenui, gracillima.” Hab. Sta. Barbara. Mus. Nuttall, Brit., Jay, 9067. = Monoceros unicarinatum, Reeve, Conch. Ic. sp. 1: diagn. sol., syn. plerumque excl., pl. 1. f. 1, excl. : non M. unicarinatum, Sow., nec Desh. Comp. Purpura spirata, Blainv. Nouv. Ann. Mus. vol. i. 1832, pl. 12. f. 8. p. 252. no. 105; Kien. Icon. Conch. p. 121. no. 76. pl. 38. f. 90. = Monoceros unicarinatum, pars, Desh. in Lam. An. s. Vert. vol. x. p. 124. no. 10, syn. Angl. excl. The shell figured by Conrad and found in Mr. Nuttall’s collection is very triangular, with a pointed base. The P. spirata of Blain- ville (described and figured with his usual accuracy, for which credit has not been given to him by some authors, who, wanting it in their own works, have added great labour to students) is a Sandwich Island shell, brought by M. Botta, very obtusely angulated, with a swollen base, scarcely acanthoid, and a canal long enough for Chorus, Gray. It is remarkable for the scaly keel of the upper whorls. This shell is reproduced by Kiener in a different form, who affiliates Sowerby’s species (apparently constituted from a Nuttallian specimen received through Dr. Jay by Mr. Cuming) to that in the Paris Mu- seum. Deshayes, copying this error, and not even adopting Blainyille’s earlier specific name, gives the name and reference of Sowerby, with a description in the main belonging to the Blainvillian species, although perhaps with some additions from Sowerby’s figure. Mr. Reeve completes the confusion by describing a shell, ‘‘ anfr. superne angu- latis,’ very probably the true P. engonata of Conrad which he quotes; at the same time quoting the two different shells above named (one of them under two names, P. spicata and P. spirata), and figuring a very different shell, not angulated at all. To mere 229 learners, like the author of the present paper, such differences are exceedingly perplexing. 115. Monoceros BREVIDENS, Conr. P. (Monoceros) brevidens, Conr. Journ. p. 264: diagn. auct. “M. t. fusiformi, solida, spira curtiore; anfr. superne angulo haud saliente munitis,”’ tumidioribus basin versus ; “‘ acantha curtiore, solidiore ; spiraliter sulcatis,” sulcis interdum obso- letis. Monoceros unicarinatum, Sow. Conch. Ill. no. 14. p. 4. f. 5; non Reeve, Conch. Ic. sp. 1, nee Desh. in Lam. An. s. Vert. no. 10, diagn. = Monoceros, pl. 1. f. 2 (non sp. 2); Reeve, loc. cit. Non Monoceros brevidentatum, Gray in Wood, Suppl. (1828) p- 12. no. 10, p. 43. pl. 4. no. 10; Sow. Conch. Ill. f.4; Reeve, Conch. Ie. pl. 1. sp. 4. f.4 4,6; Desh. in Lam. An. s. Vert. vel. x. p- 123. no. 9= Purpura cornigera, Blainv. Nouv. Ann. Mus. vol. i. p- 213. no. 28. pl. 9. f. 10; Kien. Icon. Conch. p. 123. no. 78. pl. 39. f. 92=Monoceros maculatum, Gray ipse in Zool. Beech. Voy. p. 125. Hab. Sta. Barbara. Mus. Nutt., Cum., Jay. The exact date of Sowerby’s species, which is generally referred to the P. engonata of Conrad, but differs from the figure of that shell, and agrees much better with the description of this, is difficult to determine. The volume bears date 1841. It differs from P. engo- nata in being swollen at the base, with less sculpture and angulation. 116. Monoceros LAPILLOIDES, Nutt. P. (Monoceros) lapilloides, Conr. Journ. p. 265. pl. 20. f. 18 1837). : aut . t. fusiformi, curta, solida ; anfr. superne vix concavis ; sulcis spiralibus obsoletis ; pallida, maculis fuscis quadratis seriebus spiralibus ornata ; apertura et columella purpureis ; labro mar- ginem versus albida.” = Monoceros punctulatum, Sow. Conch. Ill. p. 4. no. 13. f. 3. = Monoceros punctatum, Gray in Zool. Beech. Voy. (1839), p. 124; Reeve, Conch. Ie. sp. 2. pl. 1. f. 1 (non f. 2). Hab. Sta. Barbara (Nuttall). Is. Cocos, in rupibus (Capt. Col- nett). Mus, Brit., Nutt., Cuming, &c. The differences between the specimens of Californian Monoceros are so numerous, and similar species from other quarters are so vari- able, that the three species here repeated from Conrad are given with very great hesitation. That the forms figured by Sowerby and Reeve are conspecific, is by no means improbable ; the form engonata is the most aberrant, but it is by no means unapproached. Murex, Subgenus Cerosroma, Conr. Murex ; labro ut in Monoceros (Acanthina) dentato, dente erecto. 117. Cerostoma Nutrauxt, Conr. Journ. p. 264. pl. 20. f. 22; Jay’s Cat. no. 8298. Hab. Sta. Barbara. Mus, Nuttall, Jay. 230 5. Synopsis Avium TANAGRINARUM.—A DESCRIPTIVE CaTA- LOGUE OF THE KNOWN SPECIES OF TANAGERS. By Puiuie Lutvey Scxuater, M.A., F.Z.S. ere. Part I1I.—Containing the genera Spindalis, Tanagra, Dubusia, Compsocoma, Buthraupis, Stephanophorus, Pecilothraupis, Iridor- nis, Calliste, Diva, Pipridea, Chlorochrysa, Tanagrella, Glossiptila, Chlorophonia, and Euphonia. Genus XXV. SpPiInDALIs. Spindalis, Jard. & Selby, Ill. Orn. n. s. (1836). Rostrum Tanagree, sed basi latiore et culmine incurviore: ale modice ; remigibus tertia et quarta longissimis, secunda quin- tam aequante, prima sextam paulo superante: cauda modica, quadrata : sexus dissimiles. 1. SPpINDALIS NIGRICEPHALA. Serinus jamaicensis, Briss. Orn. iii. 189 (unde), Fringilla cana, Gm. 8. N. 290 (2). Tanagra nigricephala, Jameson, Ed. N. Phil. Journ. xix. 213 ; Gosse, Til. B. Jam. pl. 56. Spindalis bilineatus, Jard. & Selby, Ill. Orn. n.s. pl. 9. Tanagra zena, Gosse, B. Jam. p. 231. Tanagra zenoides, Des Murs, Icon. Orn. pl. 40. Spindalis nigricephala, Bp. Consp. p. 240. Olivacea : uropygio flavicante : capite toto cum gutture nigris, superciliis latis et stria rictali cum gula summa albis : abdo- mine aurescente, pectore aurantiaco, ventre imo et crisso albis : alis nigris albo marginatis : cauda nigra, rectrice una utringque extima albo extus limbata et intus terminata: tectricibus sub- alaribus albis. §. Olivacea, capite cinerascentiore, uropygio flavescentiore: subtus cinerea, abdomine medio aurescente : ventre imo crissoque albidis : alis caudaque nigris, illis albo limbatis. Long. tota 7°5, alee 4°2, caudze 3:2. Hab. Jamaica (Gosse). Mus. Brit., &e. 2. SPINDALIS MULTICOLOR. Tanagra multicolor, Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 776; Gal. Ois. i. p. 100. pl. 76. Spindalis multicolor, Bp. Consp. p. 240. Capite nigro: stria utrinque superciliart et mazxillari albis : cer- vice postica aurantia, interscapulio olivaceo, dorso imo aures- centi-castaneo : alis nigris albo limbatis: tectricibus alarum minoribus castaneis: subtus, mento albo; gula media flava, macula utrinque magna nigra ; pectore summo castaneo, infe- riore cum ventre aureis ; ventre imo cum crisso albis ; rectri- 231 cibus nigris, duahus utringue extimis albo variis ; rostro et pedibus nigris. 3. Supra olivascens, uropygio flavescentiore : subtus albescens olivaceo indutus, ventre medio albo : alis nigris, albo limbatis. Long. tota 6°2, ale 3-2, caude 2°8. Hab. 8. Domingo (Vieillot) (Sallé). Mus. Brit. This is a smaller bird than the S. nigricephala, and has the lesser wing-coverts chestnut and not black. From the true zena it may be distinguished by its smaller bill, the more extended and brighter yellow colour on the belly, and by its having the whole back of the neck bright yellow, not dark chestnut. 3. SPINDALIS ZENA. Fringilla bahamensis, Briss. Orn. iii. 168 ; Catesby, Car. i. pl. 42. Fringilla zena, Linn. S. N. i. 320. Tanagra zena, d’Orb. in Sagra Hist. Cub. p. 74. pl. 11; Gray, Gen. p. 365. sp. 13 (partim). Tanagra pretrei, Less. R. Z. 1839, p. 102; Cent. Zool. p. 122. pl. 45; Gray, Gen. p. 365. sp. 14. Spindalis zena et pretrei, Bp. Consp. p. 248. Spindalis pretrei, Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1855, p. 476. Supra nigra : cervice postica et dorso imo brunnescenti-castaneis : stria superciliart et maxillari utringue albis : alis nigris albo limbatis : mento summo albescente : gula media flava, laterali utrinque nigra: pectore summo castaneo, inferiore aureo: ventre. cinerascente, crisso albo: rectricibus nigris: harum utrinque extimis albo variegatis. Long. tota 5:8, alze 2°9, caudz 2°6. Hab. Cuba (Ramon de la Sagra); Bahamas (Catesby). Mus. Brit. Genus XXVI. TANaGRa. Tanagra, Linn. S. N. i. p. 316 (1766). Thraupis, Boié, Isis, 1826, p. 974. Rostrum subincurvum, tam altum quam latum, modice elongatum et dente finali instructum; culmine incurvo; gonyde paulo ascendente: ale modice ; remigibus secunda tertia et quarta longissimis, prima paulo breviore: cauda modica, quadrata : ptilosis caerulea: sexus plerumque similes, sed aves juniores diverse. 1. TANAGRA EPISCOPUS. Episcopus avis, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 40. Tanagra episcopus, Linn. 8. N.i. p. 316; Strickl. Ann. N. H. xx. p- 332; Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 170; Note s.1l. Tang. p. 21; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 157. Gracula glauca, Sparm. Mus. Carls. pl. 54. 232 Tanagra glauca, Gray, Gen. p. 364. sp. 5. Tanagra serioptera, Sw. An. in Men. p. 313; Schomb. Guian. iii. 670; Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 28. Cerulescenti-cana ; dorso obscuriore ; uropygio cyaneo lavato : alis caudaque nigris ceruleo limbatis : tectricibus alarum mi- noribus albis, nitore cyaneo ; majoribus autem eodem colore vir marginatis. Long. tota 6-0, alee 3:5, caudee 2°4. Hab. British Guiana (Schomb.) ; Cayenne; New Grenada, Bo- gota. Mus. Brit., &c. The T’. episcopus of Linnzeus depends upon Brisson’s ‘ Episcopus avis, and from Brisson’s description and locality I think there can be little doubt that the present species with white shoulders and narrow edgings to the greater coverts was intended. The only bird likely to be confounded with it is the next following species 7’. ceelestis, which has a regular white bar across the wings formed by the pure white terminations of the greater coverts. 2. TANAGRA CG@LESTIS. Tanagra celestis, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 42. pl. 55. fig. 25 Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 121; R. Z. 1851, p. 169; Note s. 1. Tang. p. 20; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 115. Tanagra sayaca, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1844; p. 286 ; F. P. p. 203. Thraupis episcopus, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 28 (note). Carulescenti-cana, subtus dilutior : alis caudaque nigris ceruleo limbatis : tectricibus alarum minoribus candidis, majoribus quoque albo late terminatis. Long. tota 6°5, alee 3°8, caudee 2°7. Hab. Upper Amazon, Fonteboa (Spix); Pintobamba (Cast. et Dev.) ; prov. Quixos, Ecuador. Mus. Parisiensi. 3. TANAGRA CANA. Tanagra cana, Sw. Orn. Dr. pl. 37 g (adult); Strickl. Ann. N.H. xx. p. 332; Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1855, p. 157. Tanagra celestis, Sw. Orn. Dr. pl. 41 (juv.)? Tanagra Swainsoni, Gray, Gen. p. 364. sp. 7. Thraupis cana, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 29. Tanagra episcopus, Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 670? Tanagra sayaca, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 170; Note s. 1. Tang. p. 21. Cerulescenti-cana ; dorso obscuriore : uropygio cyanescente : alis caudaque nigris ceruleo limbatis : tectricibus alarum minori- bus violaceo-cyaneis : majorum autem marginibus angustis in- tense ceruleis. Long. tota 6°4, alee 3°6, caudee 2°4. Hab. Venezuela; Trinidad; Tobago (Kirk.) ; New Grenada, Bo- gota; British Guiana (Schomd.). Mus. Brit., &c. 233 These blue ‘ Bishop’ 'Tanagers are very puzzling, and I confess I am as yet quite unable to arrange them satisfactorily. After sepa- rating the true ‘episcopus’ and ‘celestis’ (which are clearly di- stinct) and the large South Brazilian ‘ eyanoptera’ (which may also be recognized without much difficulty), there remain four or five birds with different names attached to them varying a good deal in the amount of blue on the wings, but not otherwise presenting very appreciable differences. At present I am inclined to refer them to two species—a South American bird with the lesser wing-coverts of a more or less violet tint—and a Central American and Mexican species with these parts deep blue—like the South Brazilian 7. cya- noptera. The former bird is common in collections from Bogota and Trinidad, and seems to range so far south as the Amazon at Para. The latter extends from the north coast of New Grenada through Central America as far north as the province of Vera Cruz, whence specimens have lately been brought by M. Salle. 4. TANAGRA DIACONUS. Tanagra (Aglaia) diaconus, Less. R. Z. 1842, p. 175. Calliste diaconus, Gray, Gen. p. 466. sp. 29. Tanagra episcopus, Bp. P. Z. 8. 1837, p. 116. Tanagra diaconus, Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1856, p. 142. Tanagra cyanilia, Bp. Notes Orn. p. 62? Thraupis glaucocolpa, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 28? Cerulescenti-cana: dorso toto obscuriore: uropygio vie cerules- cente: alis caudaque nigris ceruleo limbatis: tectricibus ala- rum minoribus letissime ceruleis. Long. tota 6:2, alee 3°5, caude 2°5. Hab. South Mexico, Cordova (Sallé) ; Guatimala (Bp.) (Con- stancia) ; Nicaragua, Realejo (Less.); Chiriqui (Bridges); New Grenada, S. Martha (Verreauz). 5. TANAGRA CYANOPTERA. Tanagra brasiliensis varia, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 18 (?). Tanagra sayaca, Linn. S. N. i. p. 316 (?) ; Max. Beitr. iii. 484 (certe). Loxia virens, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 303 (?). Tanagra virens, Strickl. Ann. N. H. xx. 332 (certé). » Lindo saihobi, Azar. Pax. i. p. 370. Saltator cyanoptera, Vieill. N. D. @H..N. xiv. p. 104; Ene. Méth. p. : Tanagra episcopus, Hartl. Ind. Az. p. 6; d’Orb. Voy. p. 274; Sw. Orn. Dr. pl. 39 (adult). Tanagra inornata, Sw. Orn. Dr. pl. 40 (juv.) ; Gray, Gen. p. 364. sp. 8; Bp. Consp. p. 238. Tanagra argentata, Gray, Gen. p. 364. sp. 6. Tanagra prelatus, Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 463. Tanagra cyanoptera, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 170; Note s. 1. Tang. Bice. 234 Thraupis cyanoptera, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 29. Thraupis sayaca, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 28. Major : supra virescenti-cana : subtus grisescentior : alis nigris virescenti-ceruleo limbatis : tectricibus minoribus intense ceru- leis. Long. tota 6°5, ale 3°8, caudze 2°8. Hab. South-east Brazil (Maz.); Rio Grande do Sul (Plané) ; Paraguay (4z.) ; Corrientes and Buenos Ayres (d’Ord.) ; Bolivia, Cochabamba, Valle Grande and Yungas (d’Ord.). Mus. Brit., &e. 6. TANAGRA ORNATA. Tanagra ornata, Sparm. Mus. Carls. pl. 95 ; Sw. Orn. Dr. pl. 42; Gray, Gen. p. 364. sp. 2; Bp. Consp. p. 238; R. Z. 1851, p. 470; Note s. 1. Tang. p. 21 (partim). Tanagra archiepiscopus, Desm. Tan. pl. 17; Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p- 42. pl. 55. fig. 1; Max. Beitr. iii. 481 ; Schomb. Reise, iii. 670. Thraupis ornata, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 28. Archbishop Tanager, Lath. G. H. vi. 16. Olivaceo-viridis : interscapulio obscuriore : pileo ceruleo: subtus JSuscus ceruleo lavatus: alis caudaque ngris olivaceo limbatis : campteriis ceruleis: tectricibus alarum minoribus flavis. Long. tota 6-5, alee 3°8, caudze 2°8. Hab. South-east Brazil (Maz.) ; British Guiana (Schomb.). Mus. Brit., &c. 7, TANAGRA PALMARUM. Tanagra palmarum, Max. Reise, ii. p. 76 (1821) ; Beitr. iii. 489. Tanagra olivascens, Licht. Doubl. p. 32; d’Orb. Voy. p. 274; Sw. Orn. Dr. pl. 38; Schomb. Reise, iii. 670. Thraupis olivascens, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 28. Tangara Evéque, femelle, Desm. Tan. pl. 16! Tanagra ornuta &, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 170, et Note s. 1. Tang. 217! : Tang. de Cayenne, femelle, Buff. Pl. Enl. 178. fig. 2? Intense oleagineus : interscapulio obscuriore : tectricibus alaribus capite fere concoloribus sed paulo clarioribus : remigibus et rectricibus cum alula spuria fusco-nigris olivaceo-viridi mar- ginatis : remigum basi albescenti-olivacea, vittam indistinctam transalarem formante. Long. tota 7-0, alee 3-7, caudze 2°7. Hab. Brazil, Para (Wallace) ; Rio Bahia, &c.; Bolivia (2 Ord.); British Guiana (Schomb.); Cayenne; Trinidad. Mus. Brit., &e. Prince Bonaparte, in his ‘ Note s. 1. Tangaras,’ has followed the example of some of the older authors in considering this bird as the female of 7’. ornata; but I have not the slightest doubt that it is quite a distinct species. See d’Orbigny’s Voyage, p. 274, and P. Max. of Neu Wied’s Beitrage, iii. 489. ' 235 8. TANAGRA MELANOPTERA. Tanagra olivascens, Tsch. F. P. p. 204? Tanagra palmarum, Sclater, P. Z. 8S. 1855, p. 1772 Tanagra melanoptera, Hartl. R. Z. Stmilis T. palmarum, sed paulo minor et coloribus letioribus, dorso et ventre purpurascentioribus : ale dimidio apicali nigro, plu- mis non viridi limbatis. Long. tota 6°7, ale 3°7, caudz 3-3. Hab. East Peru (Hartlaub) ; New Grenada, Bogota. Mus. Bremensi. This is perhaps a local variety only of the common 7. palmarum, presenting no green edgings to the primaries or secondaries beyond the green bar. I have birds from §. Martha, Trinidad and Bolivia, which seem intermediate between this and the former species. 9. TANAGRA ABBAS. Tanagra abbas, Licht. Preis-Verz. no. 70 (1831). Tanagra vicarius, Less. Cent. Zool. pl. 68; Gray, Gen. p. 364. sp. 4; Bp. Consp. p. 238; P. Z. 8. 1837, p. 116; R. Z. 1851, p- 171; Notes. 1. Tang. p. 22. Thraupis vicarius, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 29. 3. Pallide olivascens: capite ceruleo, gutture cerulescente : interscapulii pennis medialiter nigricantibus: alis caudaque nigris : speculo in basi primariorum et secundariorum flavis- simo : tectricibus ularum majoribus olivaceis, minoribus c@eru- lescentibus : rostro et pedibus nigris. 9. Mari similis, sed coloribus paulo dilutioribus ; gutture vix cerulescente. Long. tota 7-0, alee 4:0, caude 2°9. Hab. 8. Mexico, Cordova (Sallé) ; Orizaba (Botteri) ; Honduras (Dyson) ; Guatimala (Constancia). Mus. Brit., Derbiano, &c. 10. TANAGRA STRIATA. DP’ Onglet, Buff. H. N. iv. p. 256. Tanagra striata, Gm. 8. N.i. p. 899; d’Orb. Voy. p. 275; Bp. Consp. p. 239; Hartl. Ind. Az. p. 6. Le Noir-souci, Buff. H. N. iv. 150? Loxia bonariensis, Gm. 8. N. p. 850? Lindo celeste oro y negro, Azar. Pax. i. p. 375. Tanagra chrysogaster, Cuy. Rég. An. i. p. 366; Puch. Arch. Mus. Paris, vii. 344. Aglaia striata, Lafr. et d’Orb. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, p- 32; G. R. Gray, Darwin’s Voy. Beagle, p. 97. petty. darwini, Bp. P. Z. 8. 1837, p. 121 (2); Darwin’s Voy. .34(¢c). : Tanagra frugilegus, Tsch. Av. Consp. in Wiegm. Arch. 1844, p- 286; F. P. p. 204. pl. 17. fig. 1 ; Hartl. R. Z. 1849, p. 286 (2). Calliste frugilegus, Bp. Consp. p. 236. sp. 41. 236 Chrysothraupis frugilegus, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 143; Note s. |. Tang. p. 22. 3. Niger, dorso postico et abdomine aurantiacis, ventre imo in flavum transeunte: capite et gutture undique cum marginibus alarum et caude ceruleis : rostri ambitu nigro. 9. Mari similis, sed dorso et scapularibus olivaceis, abdomine toto aurescenti-flavo. Avis junior. Fusco-olivascens subtus grisescenti-albidus : capite cerulescente, uropygio flavido tincto. Long. tota 6°8, alee 3:7, caude 2°8. Hab. Southern Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul (Plant); Uruguay, Maldonado (Darwin) ; Montevideo, Buenos Ayres, Corrientes, Peru and Bolivia (d’Orb.); Paraguay (dzara); Western Peru, Lima (Tsch.) ; Western Ecuador, fruit gardens of Lima (Tsch.). Mus. Brit., &c. I believe now that there is little doubt that the olive-backed bird named 7’. darwini by Prince Bonaparte, and afterwards T. frugilegus by Tschudi, is really the female of T. striata, though at one time I thought otherwise. I have not yet seen the black-backed male from the western side of the Andes; but d’Orbigny’s Bolivian collection in the Paris Museum contains examples of both sexes from the eastern side. If the birds from all the localities given are identical, which I be- lieve to be the case, this Tanager presents an instance of a remark- ably extensive geographic range for a bird of this family. 11. TANAGRA CYANOCEPHALA. Agluia cyanocephala, Lafr. et d’Orb. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, p. 32. Tanagra mavimiliani, d’ Orb. Voy. p. 276. pl. 23. fig. 2. Tanagra cyanocephala, Gray, Gen. p. 364. sp. 11; Bp. Consp. p. 238; Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, p. 286; F. P. p. 205 (’). Thraupis cyanocephala, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 29? Supra flavo-olivacea : pileo ceruleo: nucha viridescente : capitis lateribus nigris: subtus cinerea: ventre imo crissoque flavis viridi tinctis : tectricibus subalaribus pure flavis. Long. tota 7°8, alee 3°5, caudze 3:1. Hab. Bolivia, Sicasica (d Orb.) ; Western Peru, Lima (Tsch.). Mus. Brit., Paris. 12. TANAGRA AURICRISSA. Dubusia cyanocephala?, Selater, P. Z. 8. 1855, p. 157. Dubusia auricrissa, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 227. Supra flavescenti-olivacea : capite toto et nucha ceruleis: loris nigris : subtus cerulescenti-cinerea : tectricibus subalaribus et ventre imo crissoque cum tibiis flavissimis. Long. tota 6°5, alee 3°6, caudee 3°0. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota. Mus. Brit., Paris. = eee | eb wa st 237 13. TANAGRA OLIVICYANEA. Tanagra olivicyanea, Lafr. R. Z. 1843, p. 69 ; Bp. Consp. p. 238. Tachyphonus olivicyaneus, Gray, Gen. p. 365. sp. 15. Dubusia olivicyanea, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 157. Supra flavescenti-olivacea : capite undique et corpore subtus ceruleis : ventre imo crissoque olivascenti-flavis : tibiis et tec- tricibus subalaribus flavissimis : loris nigris. Long. tota 7°3, ale 2:5, caude 2°8. Hab. Venezuela, Galipan alt. 8000 ft. (Dyson) ; New Grenada. Mus. Brit. Genus XXVII. Dusustia. Dubusia, Bp. Compt. Rend. Ac. Sc. Par. xxxi. p. 424 (Sept. 1850). Rostrum elongatum, incurvum, compressiusculum, dente finali distincto ; gonyde recta: ale modice, rotundate, remigibus quarta et quinta longissimis: cauda longissima et rotundata: ptilosis nigra, cerulea, et flava: sexus similes. 1. DuBusia TENIATA. Tachyphonus teniatus, Boiss. R. Z. 1840, p. 67; Bp. Consp. . 237. Arremon teniatus, Gray, Gen. App. p. 16. Dubusia teniata, Sclater, Tan. Cat. Sp. p. 10; P. Z. S. 1855, « 157. Supra ex nigro-cerulescens : alis caudaque nigris, cerulescente limbatis: capite toto cum collo undique et gutture nigris, su- perciliis in collum utrinque elongatis et tectricibus alarum mi- noribus argenteo-cyaneis: abdomine flavo; pectore summo et erisso pallide ochraceis : tibiis nigricantibus : rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 7°3, alee 3°7, caudz 3°7. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota. Mus. Brit., Paris., &c. 2. DuBUSIA SELYSIA. Tanagra selysia, Bp. Consp. p. 239. Dubusia selysia, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxii. p. 81. Supra ex cinereo cerulescenti-viridescens : capite toto cum gutture nigris : fronte et superciliis latis et elongatis, collum posticum cingentibus, cum tectricibus alarum minoribus argenteo-cyaneis : remigum et rectricum marginibus c@rulescentibus : abdomine flavo, pectore summo brunnescentiore, crisso ochracescentiore : rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 7°7, alee 3°5, caudee 3°4. Hab. Vicinity of Quito, forests of the Andes (Jameson). Mus. Lugdunensi, Joh. Gould et Gul. Jardine, Bart. 238 Genus XXVIII. Compsocoma. Compsocoma, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 140 (1850). Rostrum rectum, elongatum, subconicum, dente finali indistincto : ale elongate, remigibus secunda, tertia et quarta fere equa- libus et longissimis: cauda longa, subrotundata ; pedes validi : sexus similes: ptilosis nigra, cerulea et flava. 1. CoMPpsocoMA VICTORINI. Tachyphonus victorini, Lafr. R. Z. 1842, p. 336; Gray’s Gen. . 365. Tanagra victorini, Bp. Consp. p. 239. Compsocoma victorini, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 140. Tachyphonus elegans, Less. Echo d. M.S. 1844; Descr. d. Mamm. et Ois. p. 349. Tanagra flavivertex, Lafr. MS. Olivascenti-viridis : tectricibus alarum minoribus ceruleis: pri- mariis et rectricibus thalassino marginatis: capite nigro, tenia lata verticali cum corpore subtus flavis. Long. tota 7:0, ale 3°8, caude 2°8. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota. Mus. Brit. et Paris. 2. CompsocoMA SUMPTUOSA. Tachyphonus sumptuosus, Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 463 ; Puch. Arch. Mus. Par. vii. p. 379. pl. 23. Tanagra somptuosa, Bp. Consp. p. 239. Tachyphonus flavinucha, Tsch. F. P. p. 208. Compsocoma elegans, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 140. Tanagra chrysocome, Licht. in Mus. Berol. Atra; dorso imo olivascente: humeris ceruleis: primariis et rectricibus thalassino marginatis : macula nuchali lata et cor- pore subtus flavis. Long. tota 6-5, ale 3°5, caudz 2°8. Hab. Ecuador, vicinity of Quito (Jameson); Peru (Tschudi et Philippi in Mus. Berol.); Venezuela (Levraud). Mus. Brit., Paris., Berolinensi. This bird has been confounded both with the preceding and with the next following species, but may be easily distinguished by its black back and olivascent uropygium. 3. CoMPSOCOMA FLAVINUCHA. Tachyphonus flavinucha, Lafr. et d Orb. Mag. de Zool. 1837, p. 29; d’Orb. Voy. p. 280. pl. 21; Gray’s Gen. p. 365. Tanagra flavinucha, Bp. Consp. p. 239. Compsocoma flavinucha, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 140. Niger : humeris et dorso postico cum rectricum marginibus an- 239 gustis ceruleis: primariis externe thalassino marginatis: vitta nuchali media et corpore toto subtus flavis. Long. tota 6°7, alee 3°6, caudze 2°8. Hab. Bolivia, prov. Yungas (d’Ord.). Mus. Parisiensi et Derbiano. The blue on the rump at once distinguishes this Bolivian bird from its three congeners. 4, CoMPSOCOMA NOTABILIs. Tanagra notabilis, Jard. Edinb. N. Phil. Journ. n. s. ii. p. 119; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 84. pl. 91. Compsocoma notabilis, Sclater, ib. Flavo-olivacea : capite undique et mento nigris: nucha triangu- lariter flava: alis nigris, ceruleo marginatis, tectricibus autem summis dorso concoloribus: cauda nigra, marginibus vie ceru- lescentibus: subtus aurantio-flava. Long. tota 7°2, alee 3°7, caude 3°0. Hab. Ecuador, vicinity of Quito (Jameson). Mus. Gul. Jardine, Britannico, Joh. Gould. Since Sir William Jardine received his first examples of this beau- tiful species, which were transmitted by Professor Jameson from the Eastern Cordilleras near Quito, Mr. Gould has obtained other spe- cimens from the same country. Some of these latter are now in the British Museum. Genus XXIX. ButHrRavpis. Buthraupis, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 29 (1850). Rostrum forte, subincurvum, breve, altum, compressiusculum, dente final distincto: ale longa, remigibus tertia et quarta lon- gissimis : cauda longa et paulum rotundata: pedes validi: tarsi longi: sexus similes: ptilosis cerulea, nigra et flava. 1. BurHRAUPIS MONTANA. Aglaia montana, Lafr. & Orb. Mag. de Zool. 1837, p. 32. Tanagra montana, d’Orb. Voy. p. 275. pl. 23. fig. 1; Gray, Gen. p- 365; Bp. Consp. p. 239. Buthraupis montana, Sclater, Tan. Cat. Sp. p. 10. Supra cerulea ; cervice postica valde dilutiore, argentea: capite toto undique cum gutture atris: abdomine flavo. Long. tota 9:0, ale 5:0, caudze 3°4. Hab. Bolivia, prov. Yungas (d’ Ord.). Mus. Parisiensi, Britannico, Derbiano. 2. BuTHRAUPIS CUCULLATA. Tanagra cucullata, Jard. Ill. Orn. n. s. pl. 43. *‘ Tanagra montana, d@Orb.,’”’ Less. Descr. d. Mamm. et Ois. p- 348. 240 Dubusia gigas, Bp. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 171, & Note s. l. Tang. p- 22. Buthraupis cucullata, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1855, p. 157. Supra lete cerulea: capite toto cum gutture atris: abdomine flavo. Long. tota 8°2, ale 5-2, caude 3°6. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota; Ecuador, vic. of Quito (Jameson). This is a common species in Bogota collections. In Gray’s Genera and Prince Bonaparte’s Conspectus it is erroneously united to B. eximia, from which it is quite distinct. Sir William Jardine pos- sesses examples transmitted by Professor Jameson from the forests of the Andes near Quito, which are rather larger than Bogota skins, and have the bill stronger and are less black on the throat. 3. BuTHRAUPIS CHLORONOTA. Buthraupis chloronota, Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1854, p. 97. pl. 64; Tan. Cat. Sp. p. 15. Supra viridis: pileo ceruleo: alis caudaque nigris, illarum tec- tricibus minoribus ceruleis ; majoribus et secundariis viridi limbatis : subtus flava, crisso saturatiore: gutture toto atro: rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 8°8, alz 4:6, caude 3°8. Hab. Ecuador, vic. of Quito (Jameson). Mus. Gul. Jardine, Bart., et P. L.S. 4, BuTHRAUPIS EXIMIA. Tanagra eximia, Boiss. Rey. Zool. 1840, p. 66; Gray’s Gen. p- 365; Bp. Consp. p. 239. Tanagra (Saltator) eximia, Less. Descr. d. Mamm. et Ois. p. 346. Buthraupis eximia, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 29 ; Sclater, P. Z.S. 1855, p. 157. Supra viridis: pileo, tectricibus alarum minoribus et dorso postico ceruleis: capitis lateribus, gutture et cervice antica nigris: abdomine flavo. Long. tota 7°2, ale 4°6, caudee 3°5. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota. Mus. Brit., Paris., &c. Genus XXX. STEPHANOPHORUS. Stephanophorus, Strickl. P. Z. S. 1841, p. 30. Rostrum breve, altum, latum ; mandibulis intumidis ; culmine multum incurvo, gonyde ascendente ; dente finali indistincto : ale modice, rotundate, remigibus tertia quarta et quinta fere equalibus, quarta paulo longissima: cauda longa, rotundata: ptilosis cerulescens : sexus similes. me 241 1. STEPHANOPHORUS LEUCOCEPHALUS. Lindo azul cabeza blanca, Azar. Pax. i. p. 375. Tanagra leucocephala, Vieill. N. D. vi. N. xxxii. p- 408; Ene. Méth. p. 774. Tanagra diademata, Mikan, Fi. et F. Bras. pl. 4; Temm. Pl. Col. 243. Pyrrhula cerulea, Vieill. Gal. Ois. p. 61. pl. 54. Nemosia diademata, Steph. Zool. xiv. p. 5. Stephanophorus ceruleus, Strickl. P. Z. S. 1841, p. 31; Gray, Gen. p. 365 ; Bp. Consp. p. 234. Stephanophorus leucocephalus, Hartl. Ind. Az. p. 6. Niger, sericeo-cerulescens: fronte loris et gutture cum alis cau- daque nigris: alarum tectricibus ceruleis, remigibus et rectri- cibus ceruleo anguste limbatis: pileo postico albescenti-ceruleo: vertice mediali igneo-rubra: rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 7-0, alz 4°0, caudze 3°4. Hab, South Brazil, S. Paolo (Natt.); Uruguay; Paraguay (Azar.). Mus. Brit., Paris., Berol. Genus XXXI. PaciLoTHRAUPIS. Pecilothraupis, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 30 (1850). Anisognathus, Reich. Av. 8. N. pl. 77 (1850). Rostrum Tanagree, sed rectius, brevius et basi dilatata, culmine minus incurvo : ale longe, remigibus tertia, quarta et quinta longissimis, secunda sextam equante: cauda longa quadrata : sexus similes: ptilosis nigra, rubro aut flavo varia. 1. Pa@ciLoTHRAUPIS LUNULATA. Tanagra lunulata, DuBus, Bull. Ac. Brux. vi. pt: 1. p. 439 (eum fig.) (1839) ; Esq. Orn. pl. 4; Bp. Consp. p. 239. 3 Tanagra (Euphone’) constantii, Boiss. R. Z. 1840, p. 3. x Aglaia erythrotis, Jard. & Selby, Ill. Orn. n. s. pl. 36 (1840). Tanagra erythrotis, Less. Echo d. M. S. 1843, p. 947. Tanagra igniventris, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, p. 287; F. P. 203? is Tachyphonus lunulatus, Gray’s Gen. p. 365. sp. 18. Pecilothraupis igniventris, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 30. Niger: uropygio et alarum tectricibus minoribus ceruleis : ma- cula auriculari magna et abdomine rubris, crisso nigro, pte eles rubro variegato. Long. tota 7:0, ale 3°8, caudz 3-4. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota; Ecuador, elevated region of the Andes near Quito (Jameson); Peru, Cordilleras, alt. 10,000 feet (Tsch.). Mus. Brit., Paris., &c. This species appears certainly distinct from d’Orbigny’s P. igni- ventris, with which it is sometimes united. In that bird there are No. CCCXVI.—ProceEpINGs or THE ZOOLOGICAL Society. 242 blue edgings to the wings and tail, and the crissum is wholly red. In the present species the crissum is sometimes partly red, but I have never observed any traces of blue markings on the wings or tail. 2. PactLOTHRAUPIS IGNIVENTRIS. Aglaia igniventris, @’Orb. & Lafr. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, p. 32. Tanagra igniventris, VOrb. Voy. p. 275. pl. 25. fig. 2; Bp. Consp. p. 239 (partim). Anisognathus igniventris, Sclater, Tan. Cat. Sp. p. 11. Supra carulescenti-ardesiacus: capite colloque nigris: uropygto ceruleo: alis nigris 5 tectricibus alarum minoribus et tectri- cum majorum necnon remigum rectricumgue marginibus c@ru- leis : macula magna auriculari utrinque et ventre toto cum crisso ruberrimis. Long. tota 6-5, ale 3°3, caudee 2°8. Hab. Bolivia, prov. Apolobamba (d’ Orb.). Mus. Brit., Bremensi, Derbiano. 3, Pa&ciILOTHRAUPIS LACRIMOSA. Tachyphonus lacrimosus, DuBus, Esq. Orn. pl. 10; Gray’s Gen. App. p- 173 Bp. Consp. p. 237. Tanagra palpebrosa, Lafr, R. Z. 1847, p. 71; Gray’s Gen. App. p- 16; Bp. Consp. p. 239. Anisognathus lacrimosus, Sclater, Tan. Cat. Sp. p. 11. Ardesiaco-niger : uropy gto, tectricibus alarum minoribus et tec- tricum majorum necnon remigum rectricumque marginibus c@eru- leis: macula magna auriculari et parva suboculari wtrinque cum corpore toto subtus aurantiis. Long. tota 6°8, alee 3°5, caudee 3°0. Hab. New Grenada, Pasto (Lafr.); Bogota (Mus. Brit.) ; Eastern Peru (DuBus). Mus. Brit., Derbiano, Bruxell. Genus XXXII. IripoRNIs. Iridosornis, Less. Echo d. M. S. 1844, p. 80. Pecilornis, Hartl. R. Z. 1844, p. 369. Euthraupis, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 30 (1850). Rostrum subrectum, maxime compressum, culmine incurvo, gonyde ascendente, dente final distincto: ale modice ; remigibus tertia, quarta et quinta longissimis, sexta his paulo breviore et secundam superante: cauda longiuscula, rectricibus acutis : ptilosis nitens, nigra, purpurea, flava: sexus similes. 1. In1pORNIS DUBUSIA. Arremon rufivertex, Lafr. R. Z. 1842, p. 335 (err.); Gray, Gen. p- 361. sp. 3. i i . reso 243 Tridosornis rufivertex, Less. Echo d. M. 8. 1844, p. 80; R. Z. 1844, p. 431 ; Descr. d. Mamm. et Ois. p. 350. Pecilornis rufivertex, Hartl. R. Z. 1844, p. 369. Tanagra dubusia, Bp. Consp. p. 239. Luthraupis dubusia, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 30. “ Tanagra chrysolopha, auct.,” Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 131; Note s. 1. Tang. p. 6. Tridosornis dubusia, Strickl. Cont. Orn. 1852, p. 127. pl. 94. Tridornis dubusia, Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1855, p. 157. Nigra; dorso toto cum tectricibus alarum minoribus et pectore purpureis; abdomine sensim obscuriore: ventre imo et crisso castaneis : pileo medio nuchaque cristatis, aurantiis: alis cau- daque extus purpurascente marginatis : mandibula inferiore albicante, superiore cum pedibus nigris. Long. tota 5:5, alee 3-0, caudee 2°6. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota. Mus. Brit., &e. 2. IRIDORNIS ANALIS. Tanagra analis, Tsch. in Wiegm. Arch. 1844, p. 286; F. P. p- 205. pl. 18. fig. 1; Gray, Gen. App. p. 16; Lafr. R. Z. 1847, p- 71 (2). Calliste analis, Bp. Consp. p. 236. sp. 42. Euthraupis analis, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 30 (note). Supra ex cinereo-viridescens, alis caudaque nigris viridescente lim- batis: fronte et capitis lateribus nigris: pileo plumbescente : subtus ochracea, mento summo nigro, gutture toto aureo: crisso castaneo: rostro albicante, culmine nigro. Long. tota 6:0, alee 3°3, caude 2°5. Hab. Western Peru, fruit gardens of Lima (Tsch.). Mus. Bremensi. This species and the next following are certainly not very typical Iridornithes, but without creating a new generic appellation for them, I hardly know at present where to place them more satisfactorily. 3. [RIDORNIS PORPHYROCEPHALA. ** Tanagra analis, Tsch.,” Licht. in Mus. Berol. Tridornis porphyrocephala, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 227. pl. ex. Supra purpurea, dorso imo et alarum caudeque marginibus viri- descentibus: fronte, loris, mento summo et regione auriculari nigris: gutture late et lete aureo-flavo: pectore summo pur- purascente; ventre viridescente, medialiter rufescenti-ochraceo:; ano intense ferruginescenti-castaneo: tectricibus alarum in- Serioribus viridescentibus : rostro superiore nigro, inferiore albo. Long. tota 5°6, alee 3-0, caudze 2:2. Hab. New Grenada; Ecuador, vic. of Quito, Mus. Berol. et Joh. Gould. 244 This bird may be distinguished from the preceding species by its purple head and upper back, and the greenish tinge of the lower plumage. Genus XXXIII. Cauuiste. Calliste, Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 978. Aglaia, Sw. Zool. Journ. ii. p. 347 (1827). Calospiza, G. R. Gray, List of Gen. 1840. Tatao, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxii. p. 80 (1851). Chrysothraupis, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 142. Izxothraupis, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 143. Gyrola, Rehb. Av. S. N. pl. 77 (1850). Euschemon, Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 95. Euprepiste, Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 95. Procnopis, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, p. 284. Chalcothraupis, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 144. Rostrum rectum, breve, tenue, compressiusculum, culmine ineurvo, gonyde paulum ascendente, dente finali distincto : ale elonga- tiores, remigibus secunda, tertia et quarta longissimis, prima breviore : cauda modica, quadrata: pedes plerumque debiles : ptilosis nitidissima: sexus adulti plerumque similes : juniores colore obscuriores. a. Tatao. 1. CALLISTE TATAO. Tangara du Brésil, Buff. Pl. Enl. 127. fig. 1. Tangara, Buff. Pl. Enl. 7. fig. 1 (fig. pess.) ; Briss. Orn. iii. p. 3. Le Septicolor, Buff. H. N. iv. 278. Tanagra tatao, Linn. 8, N. i. 315; Kittl. Kiipf. d. Vog. pl. 31. fig. 3; Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 778; Hayes, Osterly Park, p. 32; d’Orb. Voy. p. 270? Aglaia tatao, Lafr. et d Orb. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, . 32? F Aglaia paradisea, Sw. Class. Birds, ii. p. 286. Callispiza tatao, Schomb. Reise, iii. p. 669; Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 26. Tatao paradisea, Bp. Note s. l. Tang. p. 15; Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 141. Calliste tatao, Gray, Gen. B. p. 366. sp. 13; Bp. Consp. p. 234. sp. 13; Sclater, Jard. Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 50. Tangara septicolor, Desm. Tan. pl. 1. The Paradise Tanager, Lath. G. H. vi. p. 27. Titmouse of Paradise, Edwards, Glean. t. 349. Supra velutino-atra : dorsi postici parte superiore coccinea, infe- riore aurea: pilei summi et capitis laterum pennis coarctatis et squamatis, colore letissime viridibus : fronte et oculorum am- bitu anguste nigris : tectricibus alarum summis et corpore sub- tus splendide ceruleis ; gutture et pectore summo cum tectrici- 245 bus alarum mediis et marginibus remigum externarum purpureis : ventre medio crissoque atris. %. Mari similis, sed coloribus minus vividis ; dorso postico omnino aureo. Long. tota 4°7, alee 2°7, caudee 2:0. Hab. Cayenne ; Brit. Guiana (Schomé.) ; Upper Rio Negro (Wal- lace). Mus. Brit., &. 2. CALLISTE CHLICOLOR. Calliste ceelicolor, Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 51; P.Z.S, 1855, ip, 157, Supra velutino-atra : dorsi postici parte superiore coccinea, infe- riore aurea; pilei usque ad nucham et cupitis laterum penni coarctatis et squamatis, colore letissime viridibus : fronte an- gustissima et oculorum ambitu nigris : tectricibus alarum sum- mis et corpore subtus splendide ceruleis: gutture cum tectri- cum alarum mediarum et remigum externarum marginibus pur- pureis : ventre medio et crisso atris. 2. Mari similis, sed coloribus obscurioribus et dorso postico om- nino flavo. Long, tota 5:0, ale 3°1, caudze 2:1. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota. Mus. Brit. 3. CALLISTE YENI. Aglaia chilensis, Vig. P. Z. S. 1832, p- 3; Jard. & Selb. Ill. Orn. n. 8. pl. 25. Aglaia yeni, Lafr. & d’Orb. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, p. 31. Tanagra yeni, d’Orb. Voy. p. 270. pl. 24. fig. 2. Callospiza yeni, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, p- 286; Tsch. F. P. p. 201. Calliste chilensis, Gray, Gen. p. 366. sp. 14, ‘Calliste yeni, Bp. Consp. p. 234; Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 51. Tatao yeni, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 141; Notes. 1. Tang. p. 15. Supra velutino-atra : dorso postico toto ruberrimo : pilei et capi- tis laterum pennis coarctatis et squamatis, colore letissime viridibus : oculorum ambitu anguste nigro : tectricibus alarum summis et corpore subtus splendide ceruleis; gutture et tectri- cum alarum mediarum et remigum externarum marginibus pur- pureis : ventre medio et crisso nigris. Long. tota 5:2, alee 2°9, caudee 2:2, Hab. Bolivia, Yuracares and Yungas (d’Ord.) ; Eastern Peru (Tsch.) ; River Ucayali (Hawewell), Mus. Brit., &e. 246 b. Calliste. 4, CALLISTE TRICOLOR. Tang. cayanensis varia chlorocephalos, Briss. Orn. vi. App. p. 59. Tang. varié & téte verte, Buff. Pl. Enl. 32. fig. 1 (¢). Le Tricolor, Buff. H. N. iv. 276 (partim). Tanagra tricolor, Gm. 8. N. i. 891; Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 779; Temm. Pl. Col. 215. fig. 1 (2). Tanagra tatao, Max. Beitr. iii. 459. Calliste tricolor, Gray, Gen. p. 366. sp. 1; Bp. Consp. p. 234 ; Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 51. Callispiza tricolor, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 26. Tatao tricolor, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 141; Notes. 1. Tang. p. 16. Tatao tricolor male, Desm. Tan. pl. 3. Green-headed Tanager, Lath. G. H. vi. p. 24. Lete viridis : rostri ambitu et collo antico interscapulioque nigris : capite undique et vitta gulam summam transeunte lete ceru- lescenti-viridibus: pectore ceruleo: dorsi postici parte supe- riore flammea: tectricibus alarum superioribus purpureis : rostro et pedibus nigris. 9. Mari similis, sed coloribus omnibus obscurioribus ; dorso pos- tico flavo. Long. tota 5°2, ale 2°7, caudze 2°1. Hab. South-eastern Brazil (P. Maz.). Mus. Brit., &e. 5. CALLISTE FASTUOSA. Tanagra fastuosa, Less. Cent. Zool. pl. 58. p. 184. Calliste fastuosa, Gray, Gen. p. 366. sp. 20; Bp. Consp. p. 235 ; Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 52. Tatao fastuosus, Bp. BR. Z. 1851, p. 142; Note s.1. Tang. p. 16. Fronte, mento, gutture medio et interscapulio velutino-nigris: dorso postico aurantiaco;: capite et cervice tota cum vitta gu- lam transeunte letissime ceruleo-viridibus: alis caudaque nigris, purpurea marginatis: tectricibus alarum minoribus letissime ceruleis: secundariarum trium ultimarum margini- bus externis pallide aureis: abdomine toto purpureo, pectore lilacescente. ?. Mari similis, sed coloribus obscurioribus. Long. tota 5°5, alee 2°8, caudze 2°0. Hab. Eastern Brazil, Pernambuco. Mus. Brit., Paris., &e. 6. CALLISTE FESTIVA. Tang. cayanensis varia cyanocephalos, Briss. Orn. vi. App. p. 62. Tang. a téte bleue de Cayenne, Buff. Pl. Enl. 33. fig. 2 (2). Le Tricolor, Buff. H. N. iv. p. 276 (partim). Tanagra tricolor, var. B, Gm. 8. N. 892; Don. Nat. Rep. pl. 23. Tanagra festiva, Shaw, Nat. Mise. pl. 537. Tunagra eyanocephala, Vieill. N. D. dH. N. xxxii. p. 425; Enc. Méth. p. 780; Temm. Pl. Col. 215. fig. 2 (2° Tanagra trichroa, Licht. Verz. d. Doubl. p- 30; Kittl. Kiipf. d. Vog. pl. 31. fig. 1. “ Tanagra rubricollis, Temm.,”’ Max. Beitr. iii. 456. Aglaia cyanocephala, Sw. Orn. Dr. pl. 5. Calliste festiva, Gray, Gen. p. 366. sp. 2; Bp. Consp. p. 234 ; Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 51. Callispiza festiva, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 26. Tatao festiva, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 142; Notes. 1. Tang. p. 16. Tangara tricolor femelle, Desm. Tan. pl. 4. Green-headed Tanager, var. A, Lath. G. H. vi. p. 25. Lete viridis: rostri ambitu et interscapulio nigris: pileo toto nuchaque cum gutture ceruleis oculorum ambitu et pilei ce- rulet margine antica thalassinis : regione auriculari cum collo laterali et postico late rubris: alis caudaque nigris viridi lim- batis ; tectricibus alarum minoribus nigris aurantio terminatis : alis caudaque nigris. 2. Mari similis, sed coloribus dilutioribus ; dorso viridi nigro variegato. Long. tota 5-0, alee 2°5, caudze 1°9, Hab. South-eastern Brazil (P. Maz.). Mus. Brit. . a i. % 247 cS ; d ; 7. CALLISTE CYANEIVENTRIS. Tanagra cyanoventris, Vieill. N. D. @H. N. xxxii. p- 426; Ene. Méth. p. 781. Tanagra elegans, Max. Reise n. Bras. i. p. 187. Tanagra citrinella, Temm. Pl. Col. 42. fig. 2; Max. Beitr. ii. p- 464. Aglaia citrinella, Sw. Orn. Dr. pl. 6. Calliste citrinella, Gray, Gen. p. 366. sp. 3; Bp. Consp. p. 234. 7 Callispiza citrinella, Cab. Mus. Hein. p- 26. | Chrysothraupis citrinella, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 142; Notes. 1. Tang. 17 3 Calliste cyanoventris, Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 54. Supra aureo-flava; dorso superiore et medio nigro variegatis : d alis caudaque nigris viridi limbatis : infra nitide cyanea, mento a summo et collo antico nigris: vitta gulam summam transeunte aurea, capite concolore: ventre medio crissoque ochracescenti- Jlavis viridi perfusis : rostro nigro: pedibus fuscis. ?- Mari similis, sed coloribus dilutioribus. Long. tota 5°25, alee 2-7, caudee 2:1. Hab. South-eastern Brazil (Temm.). Mus. Brit. ! 8. CALLISTE THORACICA. Tanagra thoracica, Temm. Pl. Col. 42, fig. 1. 248 Calliste thoracica, Gray, Gen. p. 366. sp. 4; Bp. Consp. p. 234 ; Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 54. Callispiza thoracica, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 26. Chrysothraupis thoracica, Bp. R. Z. 1851," p. 142; Note s. 1. Tang. p- 17. Supra nitide viridis nigro variegata: fronte nigra : regione ocu- lari et vitta pileum anticum transeunte thalassino-cyaneis : gutture et pectore toto aurantio-flavis, plaga in gutture medio cum mento summo nigris : alis caudaque nigris viridi limbatis ; tectricibus alarum summis nigris aurantio terminatis : abdo- mine nitide viridi, hypochondriis cyaneo tinctis : ventre medio et crisso flavicantibus. 2. Mari similis, sed coloribus dilutioribus. Long. tota 5°5, alee 2°8, caudee 2°4. Hab. South-eastern Brazil (Natt.). Mus. Brit., Paris., &e. 9, CALLISTE SCHRANKI. Tanagra schrankii, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 38. pl. 51 (¢) et (2); @ Orb. Voy. p. 270. pl. 24. fig. 1. Aglaia schrankii, Late. & d’ Orb. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, p. 31; Bp. P. Z. 8. 1837, p. 122. Aglaia melanotis, Sw. An. in Men. p. 355 ($). Calliste schrankii, Gray, Gen. p. 366. sp. 17; Bp. Consp. p. 235. sp. 18; Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 54; P. Z. S. 1854, p. Bs Callospiza schrankii, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, p. 286, et F. P. p- 201. Chrysothraupis schrankii, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 143 ; Note s. 1. Tang. p. 17. Late viridis: interscapulii et secundariarum ultimarum pennis nigris, viridi marginatis: alis caudaque nigris cerulescenti- viridi limbatis : fronte lata et capitis lateribus nigris : puleo postica aureo: dorso imo cum pectore et ventre summo media- liter flavis: rostro et pedibus nigris. 2. Mari similis, sed coloribus minus vividis : capite viridi: uro- pygio flavicante. Long. tota 4-6, alee 2°7, caudee 1°7. Hab. East Peru (T'sch. § Hawawell) ; prov. Maynas (Péppig) ; Ecuador, prov. Quixos ; Bolivia, Yuracares (d’Ord.). ‘ Mus. Brit., Paris. c. Izothraupis. 10. CALLISTE PUNCTATA. Tangara viridis indica punctata, Briss. Orn. iii. 19. Tang. verd tacheté des Indes, Buff. Pl. Enl. 133. fig. 1. Le Syacou, Buff. H..N. iv. p. 288. Tanagra punctata, Linn. S. N. i. 316. 249 Calliste punctata, Gray, Gen. p. 366. sp. 12; Bp. Consp. p. 234. sp. 8; Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 55. Callispiza punctata, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 26. Izothraupis punctata, Bp. BR. Z.1851, p.143; Notes.1.Tang. p.18. Spotted Green Titmouse, Edwards, Glean. vi. pl. 262. Tangara syacou, Desm. Tan. pl. 8 et 9. Supra lete viridis: capitis et dorso superioris pennis media- liter nigris viridi marginatis: alis caudaque nigris viridi lim- batis: loris nigris: fronte angusta et ciliis oculorum albescen- tibus: subtus alba, viridi tincta et nigro guttata, lateraliter paulum flavescens : ventre medio albo: hypochondriis viridibus : crisso flavicante: rostro et pedibus nigris. 9. Minor et obscurior: guttis corporis inferi pene obsoletis. Long. tota 4°6, alze 2°5, caudz 1°6. Hab. Cayenne (Buf7.). Mus. Brit. 11. CALLISTE GUTTATA. Spotted Emerald Tanager, Lath. G. H. vi. 19. Callospiza punctata, Cab. in Schomb. Reise, iii. p. 669. Callispiza guttata, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 26. Calliste guttulata, Bp. Compt. Rend. Ac. Sc. Par. xxxii. p. 76 ; Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1855, p. 157. Calliste chrysophrys, Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 24. pl. 69. fig. 2, et p. 54. Easticongha guttulata, Bp. R. Z.1851,p.144; Notes.1.Tang.p. 18. Supra aurescenti-viridis : capitis totius et dorsi superioris pennis medialiter nigris, viridi marginatis : fronte et regione oculari aureis: alis caudaque nigris, hac viridi, illis autem cerules- centi-viridi latius marginatis: loris nigris: subtus alba, cerulescente tincta et guttis rotundis precipue in pectore per- Jusa: his maculis in gula minoribus ; ventre medio albescente : lateribus et crisso flavo-virescentibus: rostro et pedibus nigris. ©. Paulo minor et coloribus minus claris. Hab. British Guiana (Schomé.); Venezuela; Trinidad; New Grenada, Bogota; Ecuador (Bourcier). 12. CALLISTE XANTHOGASTRA. $ Calliste xanthogastra, Sclater, Cont.Orn. 1851, p. 23 & 55; P. Z.S. 1854, p. 115, et 1855, p. 157. ; Trothraupis chrysogaster, Bp. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 144; Note s. 1. x Tang. p. 18. Lete viridis: capitis et corporis inferi ad medium pectus pennis medialiter nigris, viridi late circumcinctis : interscapulii, alarum et caude plumis nigris, cerulescenti-viridi late marginatis : ventre medio flavo: lateribus viridibus: tectricibus subalaribus albis : rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 4°2, alze 2°5, caudee 1°5. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota; Eastern Peru; Ecuador, prov. Quixos. 250 13. CALLISTE GRAMINEA. Tang. tacheté de Cayenne, Buff. Pl. Enl. 301. fig. 1. Le Syacou, Buff. H. N. iv. p. 288 (partim). Tangara petit Syacou, Less. Trait. d’ Orn. p. 462. Tanagra graminea, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 40. pl. 53. fig. 2 (2). Calliste virescens, Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 22. pl. 69. fig. 1, et p- 96. Ivothraupis pusilla, Bp. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 144; Note s. 1. Tang. 18. Calliste graminea, Sclater, Tan. Cat. Sp. p. 11. sp. 17. Viridis : alis caudaque nigris ; harum marginibus externis cum inter- scapulio toto cerulescentibus : ventre medio via flavescente. ?. Viridis fere unicolor: alis caudaque fusco-nigris, viridi lim- batis ; ventre flavescente. Long. tota 3°9, alee 2°3, caude 1°5. Hab, Cayenne ; Lower Amazon. Mus. Brit., Bruxell. 14. CALLISTE RUFIGULARIS. Tanagrella rufigula, Bp. Compt. Rend. Ac. Sc. Par. xxxii. p. 77 ; Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 130; Note s. 1. Tang. p. 4. Calliste rufigula, Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 55. Supra niger : interscapulii, alarum et caude pennis anguste viridi marginatis: dorso imo pure pallido viridi: subtus virescenti- albida: pectoris et laterum pennis nigro guttatis ; gula cupres- centi-rufa: abdomine medio albido ; crisso ochracescente: tec- tricibus subalaribus albis : rostro nigro, basi plumbescenti-albida : pedibus nigris. Long. tota 4°5, alee 2°7, caudze 1°7. Hab. Ecuador, vic. of Quito (Bourcier) (Jameson). Mus. Paris. d. Chrysothraupis. 15. CALLISTE AURULENTA. T. (Aglaia) aurulenta, Lafr. R. Z. 1843, p. 290, et 1854, p. 207. Calliste aurulenta, Gray’s Gen. App. p. 17; Bp. Consp. p. 235; Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 52 (partim) ; P. Z. S. 1855, p. 157. Chrysothraupis aurulenta, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 142 ; Note s. 1. Tang. p- 16. Aurea, pileo aurantio tincto: interscapulio nigro variegato: loris et regione auriculari nigerrimis : alis caudaque nigris: alarum tectricibus omnibus et secundariis viridescenti-aureo limbatis ; rectricum marginibus externis eodem colore viv tinctis: subtus aureo-flava : rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 5°0, alee 2°8, caudee 1°9. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota. Mus. Brit. 251 16, CALLISTE SCLATERI. Calliste aurulenta, Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 52. Calliste sclateri, Lafr. Rey. Zool. 1854, p. 207; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 157. Supra latissime aurea, regione oculari citrino-flava : loris et re- gione auriculari nigerrimis : dorso nigro variegato : alis caudaque nigris: alarum tectricibus omnibus et secundariis viridescenti- aureo limbatis: rectricum mediarum marginibus externis eodem colore vix tinctis : subtus saturate brunnescenti-aurea : rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 5°5, ale 3-1, caude 2°1. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota. Mus. Lafresnayano. 17. CALLISTE PULCHRA. Calospiza pulchra, Tsch. Av. Consp. in Wiegm. Arch. 1844, p. 285; F. P. p. 200. pl. 18. fig. 2; Gray, Gen. App. p. 17; Bp. Consp. p. 235. sp. 32; Lafr. R. Z. 1854, p. 206. Aureo-flava : interscapulio limonaceo-flavo et nigro variegato : fronte angusta, mento summo, loris et regione auriculari cum alis cau- daque nigerrimis : alarum tectricibus et secundariis viridescenti- aureo anguste limbatis : gutture et cervice antica castaneo-aureis : rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 5°75, alee 3°3, caudee 2-4, Hab. Eastern wood-region of Peru (Tsch.) ; Quixos in Ecuador. Mus. Neuchatel et Joh. Gould. This bird may be distinguished from the two preceding by its larger size and chestnut throat. 18. CALLISTE ARTHUSI. Tanagra arthus, Less. Ill. Zool. pl. 9 ; Gray, Gen. p. 21. Calliste arthusi, Bp. Consp. p. 235. sp. 36; Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 53. Chrysothraupis arthus, Bp. R.Z. 1851,p.442; Notes.1.Tang. p. 16. Supra latissime aurea, rostri ambitu et regione auriculari nigris : interscapulio nigro variegato : alarum tectricibus et secundariis nigris virescenti-aureo limbatis : subtus castanea, gutture aureo : ventre medio pallide flavo. Long. tota 5-7, ale 3-0, caude 2°3. Hab. Venezuela; Cariaco (Dyson), Caraccas (Levraud). Mus. Brit., Parisiensi. 19. CALLISTE ICTEROCEPHALA. Calliste icterocephala, Bp. Compt. Rend. Ac. Sc. Par. xxxii. p- 76; Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 53. pl. 70. fig. 1. Chrysothraupis icterocephala, Bp. Note s. 1. Tang. p. 17; R. Z. 1851, p. 445. Flava : interscapulio et tectricibus alarum summis nigro variegatis : 252 alis caudaque nigris aurescenti-viridi limbatis: gutture et torque cervicali undique pallide virescenti-argenteis. Long. tota 5-0, ale 2°8, caudz 1:9. Hab. Ecuador, valley of Punta playa ( Bourcier). Mus, Parisiensi. e. EHuschemon. 20. CALLISTE VITRIOLINA. Callispiza vitriolina, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 28. Calliste ruficapilla, Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 61; P. Z. 8. 1855, p- 158. Calliste vitriolina, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 159; Note s. 1. Tang. p. 13. Ex griseo nitenti-viridescens : pileo rufo: capitis lateribus nigris : alis caudaque nigris cerulescenti-viridi limbatis: subtus dilutior, ventre albidiore: crisso pallide rufescente. 9. Mari similis, sed coloribus dilutioribus et marginibus alarum viridescentibus. Long. tota 5°3, alee 3:0, caudee 2°2. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota. Mus. Brit., &e. 21. CALLISTE CAYANA. Tang. cayanensis viridis, Briss. Orn. iii. 21. Tanagra cayana, Linn. 8. N. i. 315; Vieill. Ene. Méth. p. 777. Fringilla autumaalis, Linn. 8, N. i. p. 820? Calliste cayana, Gray, Gen. p. 366. sp. ; Bp. Consp. p. 234. sp. 1; R. Z. 1851, p. 140; Notes. 1. Tang. p. 14. Calospiza cayana, Schomb. Reise, iii. p. 670. Callispiza cayana, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 27. Calliste chrysonota, Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1850, p. 50. pl. 51, et 1851, p- 62. aes a téte rousse de Cayenne, Buff. Pl. Enl. 201. fig. 2 (fig. pess.). Tang. @ téte rousse de Cayenne, Buff. Pl. Enl. 290. fig. 1. Le Passevert, Buff. H. N. iv. 273; Desm. Tan. pl. 10, 11. The rufous-headed Tanager, Lath. G. H. vi. p. 30. Flavescenti-ochracea: pileo cuprescenti-rufo : capitis lateribus ni- gris: alis nigris cerulescenti-viridi limbatis : gutture toto ceru- lescenti-nigro perfuso. 9. Obscurior: marginibus alarum et caude viridescentibus. Long. tota 4°8, alee 2°7, caude 1°5. Hab. Cayenne. Mus. Brit. 22. CALLISTE CYANOLZEMA. Calliste cyanolaima, Bp. Note s.1. Tang. p. 14 ; R. Z. 1851, p. 140. Calliste cyanolema, Sclater, Tan. Cat. Sp. p. 12. sp. 21. Nitentissime flavescenti-ochracea: pileo cuprescenti-rufo: capitis 253 lateribus nigris - alis caudaque nigris viridescenti-ceruleo lim- batis : gutture toto cyaneo relucente. ?. Obscurior ; marginibus alarum et caude viridescentibus. Long. tota 5-5, alee 2°8, caudee 2°1. Hab. Interior of Venezuela, Rio Negro; Trinidad (?). Mus. P.L.S. Obs. Vix a Calliste cayana distincta, et crassitie paulo majore et coloribus clarioribus solum dignoscenda. 23. CALLISTE CUCULLATA. Aglaia cucullata, Sw. Orn. Dr. pl. 7. Calliste cucullata, Gray’s Gen. p. 366. sp. 9; Bp. Consp. p. 234; Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 63; Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 14; Notes. 1. Tang. p. 14. Supra flavescenti-ochracea, viridescente tincta: pileo nigro-cinna- momeo; infra rufescentior ; pectore cerulescente: alis caudaque nigris viridi limbatis: rostro validiore. Long. tota 5:0, alee 2°9. Hab. Venezuela, Angostura. Mus. Parisiensi, Stricklandico. This is a scarce bird in collections, but I have no doubt about its being a good species. It is distinguishable from all its affines by its peculiar dark cinnamon-eoloured head. 24. CALLISTE FLAVA. Tang. brasiliensis flava, Briss. Orn. iii. 39. Tanagra flava, Gm. i. p. 896; Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 431; Max. Beitr. iti. 467. Lindo bello, Azara, Pax. i. p. 387. Tanagra formosa, Vieill. N. D. dH. N. xxxii. p. 407; Enc. Méth. . 773. 3 Tanagra chloroptera, Vieill. N. D. dH. N. xxxii. p. 407. Aglaia flava, Sw. Zool. Ill. n. s. pl. Calliste flava, Gray, Gen. p. 366. sp. 15; Bp. Consp. p. 234; Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 61; Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 140; Note s. 1. Tang. p. 14. Callispiza flava, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 27. Yellow Tanager, Lath. G. H. p. 22. Clare ochraceo-flava: alis caudaque nigris cerulescenti-viridi lim- batis: corpore subtus a mento ad ventrem medialiter nigro. 2. Ochraceo-flava, obscurior : dorso viridescente tincto: alis cau- daque nigris viridi limbatis : gutture et pectore mediali albidis nigricante mixtis. Long. tota 5-8, ale 2°9, caudze 2°0. Hab. South-eastern Brazil (Maz.); Pernambuco (Sw.) ; Para- guay (Azara). Mus. Brit., &c. 254 25. CALLISTE PRETIOSA. Lindo precioso, Azara, Pax. i. p. 381. Aglaia cayana, d’Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, p. 32? Tanagra cayana, @ Orb. Voy. p. 272? Calliste cayana, Hartl. Ind. Az. p. 6. Tanagra gyrola, Max. Beitr. iii. 471 (partim) ; DuBois, Orn, Gal. pl. 87 (3). Callispiza preciosa, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 27. Calliste castanonota, Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 63. Calliste pretiosa, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 159 ; Note s. 1. Tang. p. 14. Nitenti-flavescenti-ochracea: capite toto cum cervice postica et dorso summo cuprescenti-rufis : remigibus rectricibusque nigris, ceruleo limbatis: loris nigris: subtus viridescens, abdomine me- dio cerulescente, ventre imo, crisso et tibiis pallide rufis. ?. Viridescens, plumarum marginibus obscurioribus : alis caudaque nigris viridi limbatis : pileo cuprescente: subtus dilutior, crisso rufescente. Long. tota 6°3, ale 3°3, caudze 2°3. Hab. Southern Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul (Plant); Paraguay (Azara); Monte Video (Selloe); Curytiba (Vatt.) ; Corrientes (d’Orb.). Mus. Derbiano, Heineano, Bruxell., Vindob., Berol. 26. CALLISTE MELANONOTA. Tanagra peruviana, Desm. Tan. pl. 11 (¢); Vieill. Ene. Méth. . 778. Tanagra gyrola, Max. Beitr. iii. 471 (partim) ; DuBois, Orn. Gal. pl. 87. p. 134(¢). Aglaia melanota, Sw. Orn. Dr. pl. 31 (3), 43 (2 ). Calliste peruviana, Gray, Gen. p. 366. sp. 8; Bp. Consp. p. 234 ; R. Z. 1851, p. 140; Note s. 1. Tang. p. 14; Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 64. Nitenti-flavescenti-ochracea : capite toto cum cervice postica saturate cupreo-rufis : interscapulio nigerrimo: remigibus rectricibusque nigris cerulescente limbatis: loris nigris: subtus clare viridis, ventre vir cerulescente : ventre imo, crisso et tibiis pallide rufis. ?. Supra viridis, interscapulio vir obscuriore: pileo et cervice postica cuprescentibus: loris nigris: subtus viridescens, ventre medio flavescenti-albido, imo cum crisso paululum rufescente. Long. tota 5-8, alz 3°0, caudz 2°0. Hab. South-east Brazil (Maz.). Mus. Brit., &e. I have not continued to employ Desmarest’s name for this bird, because it is not found in Peru—but in South-eastern Brazil—a very different zoological province. 27. CALLISTE CYANOPTERA. Aglaia cyanoptera, Sw. Orn. Dr. pl. 8. a 255 Tanagra argentea, Lafr. R. Z. 1843, p. 69. Calliste cyanoptera, Gray, Gen. p. 366. sp. 10; Bp. Consp. p. 234. sp. 15; R.Z. 1851, p. 140; Notes. 1. Tang. p. 15; Sclater, Cont. Orn, 1851, p. 64. Callispiza cyanoptera, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 27. Argentescenti-ochracea, viridi micans : capite undique cum gutture alis caudaque nigris : harum marginibus angustis clare ceruleis. 9. Viridescens, uropygio et ventre subtus flavescentioribus, capite _ obscuriore et cerulescente tincto: gutture albido: alis caudaque nigris viridi limbatis. Long. tota 5°5, alee 3:0, caudee 2:0. Hab. Venezuela, Caraccas (Levraud). Mus. Paris. f. Gyrola. 28. CALLISTE GYROLA. Tang. peruviana viridis, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 23. Tanagra gyrola, Linn. 8. N.i. 315 ; Lath. Ind. Orn. i. 427; Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 778. Aglaia chrysoptera, Sw. An. Men. p. 356. Calliste gyrola, Gray, Gen. p. 366. sp. 5; Bp. Consp. p. 234; Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 67. Callispiza gyrola, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 28. Gyrola chrysoptera, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 139; Note s. 1. Tang. 13. Le Rouverdin, Buff. H. N. iv. 286. Tang. du Pérou, Buff. Pl. Enl. 133. fig. 2. Tang. rouverdin, male, Desm. Tan. pl. 6. Red-headed Greenfinch, Edwards, Glean. pl. 23. Red-headed Tanager, Lath. G. H. vi. 15. Clare viridis : capite et mento summo castaneis : campterio aures- cente: abdomine medio cerulescente: tibiis pallide rufis. Long. tota 4°5, alee 2°7, caude 1°8. Hab. Cayenne ; Brit. Guiana (Sw.). Mus. Brit. 29. CALLISTE GYROLOIDES. : Aglaia gyrola, Lafr. et d’ Orb. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, y 32. Tanagra gyrola, d’ Orb. Voy. p. 272. - Aglaia peruviana, Sw. An. in Men. p. 356. Callospiza gyrola, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, p. 286 ; F. P. p. 202. Calliste cyanoventris, Gray, Gen. p. 366. sp. 19. Aglaia gyroloides, Lafr. R. Z. 1847, p. 277. Calliste gyroloides, Gray, Gen. App. p. 17; Bp. Consp. p. 234; Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 67; P. Z.S. 1854, p.115 ; 1855, p. 158 ; Cassin, Rep. U.S. Astron. Exp. ii. p. 182. pl. xix. fig. 1. Gyrola cyanoventris, Bp. R.Z. 1851, p.139 ; Note s.1. Tang. p. 13. 256 Clare viridis: capite et mento summo castaneis: torque nuchali et campteriis aurescentibus : dorso postico et abdomine toto ceruleis : tibiis pallide rufis. Long. tota 5-0, alze 2°9, caude 1°8. Hab. Chiriqui, vic. of David (Bridges); New Grenada, Bogota ; Ecuador, prov. Quixos; Eastern Peru (Tsch.) ; Bolivia, Yuracares (@’Ord.). Mus. Brit., Paris., &c. 30. CALLISTE DESMARESTI. Tang. rouverdin, femelle, Desm. Tan. pl. 7 (2). Tanagra gyrola, Sw. Zool. Il. n. s. pl. 28. Calliste desmaresti, Gray, Gen. p. 366. sp. 6 ; Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 67; Cassin, Rep. U.S. Astr. Exp. ii. p. 182. pl. xix. fig. 2. Aglaia viridissima, Lafr. R. Z. 1847, p. 277. Gyrola viridissima, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p.139 ; Note s. 1. Tang. p. 13. Calliste viridissima, Bp. Consp. p. 234. Clare viridis : capite toto et mento summo castaneis : tibiis pallide rufis. Long. tota 5-0, alee 2°7, caudz 1°7. Hab. Venezuela; Trinidad. Mus. Brit., &c. g. Euprepiste. 31. CALLISTE BRASILIENSIS. Tang. brasiliensis cerulea, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 9. Tang. bleu de Brésil, Buff. Pl. Enl. 179. fig. 1. Tanagra brasiliensis, Linn. S. N.i. p. 316; Vieill. Ene. Méth. p- 780; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 477. Tang. barbadensis cerulea, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 8? Tang. bleu de Cayenne, Buff. Pl. Enl. 155. fig. 1 ; H. N. iv. p. 282? Tanagra barbadensis, Kuhl, Ind. Pl. Enl. p. 3; Temm. Ind. Pl. Col. p. 31? Calliste albiventer, Gray, Gen. p. 366 ? Calliste brasiliensis, Gray, Gen. p. 366. sp. 11; Bp. Consp. p. 234; Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 68. Callospiza barbadensis, Bp. Compt. Rend. Ac. Sc.Par. xxxii."p. 80. Callospiza brasiliensis, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 468; Note s. 1. Tang. p- 19; Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 27. Nigra: capite antico et laterali cum gutture, pectore et lateribus necnon dorso postico alarum tectricibus et remigum marginibus externis ceruleis: rostri ambitu, torque gutturali interrupto, et maculis in lateribus pectoris et ventris nigris : abdomine medio et tectricibus subalaribus albis. Long. tota 6°0, alee 3°3, caudze 2°2. Hab. South-eastern Brazil, Rio (Maz.). Mus. Brit., &e. ae eh el el 257 32. CALLISTE FLAVIVENTRIS. Tang. cayennensis cerulea, Briss. Orn. iii. p- 6. Tang. tacheté de Cayenne, Buff. Pl. Enl. 290. fig. 2. Tang. diable enrhumé, Buff. H. N. iv. 27; Desm. Tang. pl. 2. Tanagra mexicana, Linn. S.N. i. 315. Tanagra flaviventris, Vieill. N. D. VH. N. xxxii. p- 411; Ene. Méth. p. 774. Calliste mexicana, Gray, Gen. p. 366. sp. 21; Bp. Consp. p. 235. Callospiza mexicana, Schomb. Reise, iii. 670. Calliste flaviventris, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 69. Callispiza flaviventris, Cab. Mus. Hein. p- 27. Callospiza cayennensis, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p- 169; Note s. 1. Tang. p- 20. Black and Blue Tanager, Edwards, Glean. t. 350; Lath. G. H. vi. 35. Nigra: capite antico et iaterali cum gutture, pectore et lateribus necnon dorso postico et tectricum alarium majorum marginibus externis ceruleis ; rostri ambitu, torque gutturali interrupto et maculis in lateribus pectoris et ventris nigris: tectricibus alarum minoribus turcoso-ceruleis : remigum externarum margine angusia cyanea : abdomine medio cum crisso et tectricibus subalaribus albis, sulphureo tinctis. Long. tota 5:4, alze 2-7, caude 1-8. Hab. Cayenne ; Upper Rio Negro ( Wallace). Mus. Brit., &e. 33. CALLISTE VIEILLOTI, sp. nov. Tanagra flaviventris, Vieill. Enc. Méth. Pp. 774 (partim). Callospiza mexicana, Bp. Compt. Rend. Ac. Sc. Par. xxxii. p. 80; R. Z. 1851, p. 169; Note s. 1. Tang. p. 20. Nigra: capite antico et laterali cum gutture, pectore et lateribus necnon dorso postico et tectricum alarium majorum marginibus externis ceruleis: rostri ambitu, torque gutturali interrupto et maculis in lateribus pectoris et ventris nigris: tectricibus alarum minoribus turcoso-ceruleis : remigum margine externa anguste viridescente : abdomine medio cum crisso et tectricibus alarum inferioribus clare flavis. 9. Ventre pallidiore. Long. tota 4-5, alee 2°9, caudee 1-7. Hab. Trinidad. Mus. Paris. et P. L. S. _ . This Tanager was first well-distinguished from C. Jlaviventris of Cayenne by Prince Bonaparte, who proposed to retain for it the - Linnean name mevicana. This I cannot assent to, as the bird has nothing to do with Mexico ; and moreover, if that name is used at all, it must be applied to the Cayenne bird, as Linnzeus’s species was grounded principally on Brisson’s Tang. cayennensis cerulea. The Calliste vieilloti is common in collections from Trinidad, and No. CCCXVII.—Procerprngs oF THE ZooLoeicat Socrery. 258 may be readily recognized by its bright yellow belly and under wing- coverts, which in C. flaviventris are creamy white tinged with yellow. 34. CALLISTE BOLIVIANA. Aglaia mexicana, Lafr. et d’ Orb. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, p- 32. Tanagra flaviventris, d Orb. Voy. p. 270. Callospiza boliviana, Bp. Compt. Rend. Ac. Sc. Par. xxxii. p. 80; R. Z. 1851, p. 169; Notes.1. Tang. p. 20. Calliste boliviana, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 69. Nigra: capite antico et laterali cum gutture pectore et latertbus necnon dorso postico et tectricibus alarum minoribus cum mar- ginibus tectricum majorum ceruleis : rostri ambitu, torque guttu- rali interrupto et maculis in lateribus pectoris et ventris nigris: remigum margine externa anguste cyanescente: abdomine medio crissoque cum tectricibus subalaribus flavissimis. Long. tota 5:0, alee 2°75, caude 1°9. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota; East Peru; Upper Amazon, Ega (Wallace) ; Bolivia, Guarayos and Yuracares (d’Orb.). Mus. Paris., Derbiano. 35. CALLISTE INORNATA. Calliste inornata, Gould, P. Z.S. 1855, p. 158 (note). Supra nigro-grisea : alis caudaque fusco-nigris : alarum tectricibus minoribus turcoso-ceruleis : subtus pallidior ; abdomine toto crissoque et tectricibus subalaribus lactescenti-albis: rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 4°75, alee 2°5, caudee 1°75. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota. Mus. Joh. Gould. This curious little bird, of which Mr. Gould possesses a single specimen, appears to me to represent an immature state of some species of true Calliste, probably as yet undescribed. h. Procnopis. 36. CALLISTE ATRICZRULEA. Procnopis atrocerulea, Tsch. in Wiegm. Arch. 1844, p. 285 ; F. P. p. 199. pl. 13. fig. 2. Calliste atrocerulea, Gray, Gen. App. p. 17; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 59; Bp. Consp. p. 235. Chalcothraupis atrocerulea, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 144; Note s. 1. Tang. p. 19. Cerulea: interscapulio nigro : capite toto ex cinereo cerulescente : nuchali macula dilute straminea: alis nigris ceruleo limbatis : gula et pectore cyaneis. | Hab. Eastern Peru (Tsch.) ; Bolivia (Bridyes). Mus. Neuchatel, Derbiano. 259 37. CALLISTE RUFICERVIX. Aglaia ruficerviz, Prev. Voy. Venus, Ois. pl. 5. fig. 1. Arremon rufivertex, Gray, Gen. p. 361. sp. 3. Procnopis atrocerulea et Tanagra ruficerviz, Bp. Compt. Rend. 1851, xxxii. p. 77. Chalcothraupis ruficerviv, Bp. R. Z. 1855, p. 144; Note s. 1. Tang. p. 18. Calliste leucotis, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 58. Calliste ruficervix, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 58 ; P. Z. S. 1855, p- 158. Cerulea : dorsi plumis medialiter et intus nigris: alis caudaque nigris ceruleo limbatis: pileo et cervice postica purpureis : vitta lata trans nucham aurescenti-rufa : fronte, mento et loris nigris : ventre medio crissoque ochracets. Long. tota 4-5, alze 2°8, caudze 1:7. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota ; Ecuador, vic. of Quito (Bourcier). Mus. Brit., Paris. 38. CALLISTE ATRICAPILLA. Tanagra (Aglaia) atricapilla, Lafr. R. Z. 1843, p. 290. Calliste atricapilla, Bp. Consp. p. 235 ; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, . 59. 2 Chalcothraupis atricapilla, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 144; Note s. 1. Tang. p. 19. Procnias heinei, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 31 (jun.); Bp. R. Z. 1851, p- 134; Notes. 1. Tang. p. 8. Cerulescenti-argentea : alis caudaque nigris eodem colore limbatis : pileo toto nigerrimo : gutturis totius et pectoris plumarum basibus nigris, apicibus autem acutis et colore clare viridibus. 9 . Viridis : pileo obscuriore: gutture mari simili, sed pallidiore. Long. tota 4°8, alee 2°8, caude 1°7 Hab. New Grenada, Bogota; Venezuela, near Caraccas (Dyson) ; Popayan (Mus. Derb.). Mus. Brit., Derbiano. . 39. CALLISTE ARGENTEA. | __ Procnopis argentea, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, p. 285; F. P. p. 199. : pl. 14. fig. 2. Calliste argentea, Gray, Gen. App. p. 14; Bp. Consp. p. 235; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 60. Chalcothraupis argentea, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 145; Note s. 1. Tang. p- 19. Supra cinerascenti-argenteo-cyanescens, pileo nigro : gutture aures- centi-stramineo : pectore et ventre medio nigris. Long. tota 5°5. Hab, Eastern Peru (Tsch.). Mus. Neuchatel et Derbiano. i date 260 40. CALLISTE NIGRIVIRIDIS. Tanagra nigroviridis, Lafr. R. Z. 1843, p. 69 ; Mag. de Zool. 1843, 1. 43. fi Calliste nigro-viridis, Gray, Gen. p. 366. sp. 23; Bp. Consp. p- 235; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 56; P. Z. S. 1855, p. 158. Callispiza nigroviridis, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 27. T. (Aglaia) nigroviridis, Less. Descr. p. 348. Chalcothraupis nigro-viridis, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 145; Notes. 1. Tang. p. 19. Nigra: pileo cervice et dorso postico cum corpore toto subtus ar- gentescenti-cyaneis, plumis subtus nigris argentescenti-cyaneo terminatis : fronte, loris, regione oculari et mento nigris: abdo- mine medio albicante : remigibus rectricibusque nigris cyaneo mar- ginatis : tectricibus alarum minoribus intense cyaneis : majoribus autem argentescenti-cyaneo marginatis. Long. tota 5-0, alee 2°9, caude 1°8. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota; Ecuador, prov. Quixos ; Western Ecuador, Calacali (Bourcier). Mus. Paris., Brit. 41. CALLISTE CYANESCENS, sp. nov. Nigra: pileo, cervice et dorso postico cum corpore subtus argen- tescenti-cyaneis ; plumis subtus nigris argentescenti-cyaneo ter- minatis: fronte, loris, regione oculari et mento summo nigris : abdomine medio crissoque albis: alis caudaque nigris cyanescente marginatis, campteriis intensius cyanescentibus. Long. tota 5-0, ale 3-0, caudee 1°9. , Hab. Venezuela, Caraccas (Levraud) ; Colonia di Tovar, alt. 8000 feet (Dyson). Mus. Brit., Paris. Obs. Affinissima C. nigriviridi et crassitie paulo majore, ale totius marginibus cyanescentibus unicoloribus et colore pectoris cya- nescentiore, ventris autem albidiore, vix distinguenda. I have seen many specimens of this bird, which is the Venezuelan representative of Calliste nigriviridis. It is certainly very closely allied to that species, but presents as good distinctive characters as many other birds which are now generally allowed to be independent species. . CALLISTE LARVATA. en larvata, DuBus, Esq. Orn. pl. 9; Gray, Gen. App. p. 17; Bp. Consp. p. 236; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p- 64. Tatao larvatus, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 142; Note s. 1. Tang. p. 16. Capite colloque toto cum gula nitidissime cuprescenti- -aureis: rostri ambitu nigro; vitta ultra frontem et capitis lateribus ceruleis, hujus coloris margine posteriore in viridescentem transeunte : inter- scapulio, alis caudaque cum pectore toto nigris : tectricibus alarum minoribus ceruleis ; mediarum autem et majorum marginibus cum 261 dorso postico cyaneis: remigibus et rectricibus aurescenti-viridi limbatis : abdomine medio albo, utrinque ceruleo, lateribus viri- descentibus : rostro et pedibus nigris. 2. Colorihus minus claris. Long. tota 5:0, alee 2°9, caude 1°8. Hab. Southern Mexico, Tabasco (Ghiesbreght) ; Chamalican river, Spanish Honduras (Dyson). Mus. Brit., Derbiano. 43. CALLISTE FRANCISCH. Aglaia fanny (!), Lafr. R. Z. 1847, p. 72. Calliste fanny, Gray, Gen. App. p. 17; Bp. Consp. p. 236. sp. 38 ; Des Murs, Icon. Orn. pl. 56. fig. 1. Calliste francisce, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 142. Capite colloque toto cum gula nitidissime virescenti-aureis : rostri ambitu nigro, deinde ceruleo et in viridem transeunte : intersca- pulio alis caudaque cum pectore toto nigerrimis: dorso postico et tectricibus alarum mediis viridescenti-cyaneis ; remigibus et rectricibus eodem colore anguste limbatis: tectricibus alarum summis ceruleis: abdomine medio crissoque albis, lateribus viri- descenti-ceruleis ; rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 5:0, alee 2°8, caude 1°6. ' Hab. Veragua (Delattre) ; vic. of David, prov. Chiriqui, Panama (Bridges). Mus. Acad. Philadelph. et Joh. Gould. This beautifully coloured bird, which was first discovered by De- lattre in Veragua, has been generally supposed to be the same as the C. larvata, and it was only upon a close examination of the specimen lately procured by Mr. Bridges, and comparison of it with indivi- duals of the other species, that I was enabled to recognize its dif. ference. This Calliste is slightly smaller than the larvata, and has the head of a much lighter golden green, in some lights passing almost into pale green. In the other bird these parts are more of a coppery brown. In this species, also, the lower back and edgings of the middle and greater wing-coverts are of a much greener tinge, and there is more white in the middle of the belly and crissum. 44, CALLISTE NIGRICINCTA. Aglaia nigro-cincta, Bp. P. Z. 8. 1837, p. 121. Calliste nigro-cincta, Gray, Gen. p.366. sp. 16; Bp. Consp. p. 235; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 68. Chalcothraupis nigro-cincta, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 145; Note s. 1. Tang. p. 19. Calliste thalassina, Strickl. Ann. N. H. (1844) xiii. p. 419; Gray, Gen. p. 366. sp. 30; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 57; . Z. 8, 1854, p- 115, et 1855, p. 158. Aglaia wilsoni, Lafr. R. Z. 1847, p. 71. Calliste wilsoni, Gray, Gen. App. p. 17; Bp. Consp. p. bts sp. 37; Des Murs, Icon. Orn. pl. 56. fig. 2. i sa 262 Chrysothraupis thalassina, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 143; Note s. 1. Tang. p. 17. Calliste larvata, Cassin, Rep. U.S. Astr. Exp. p.182. pl. xviii. fig.2. Capite et cervice undique cum gula thalassino-cyaneis, regione auri- culari cum mento pallide viridibus : loris, interscapulio et pectore toto nigerrimis : dorso postico lete ceruleo: abdomine medio albo, lateribus c@rulescentibus: remigibus et rectricibus nigris ceru~ lescenti-viridi marginatis : tectricibus alarum summis lete ceru- leis, mediis et majoribus viridibus. Long. tota 5:0, ale 2°8, caudee 1°8. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota; Ecuador, prov. Quixos; Eastern Peru, Guaunco (Delattre) ; River Ucayali (Hawawell) ; Marabitanas on the Rio Negro (Nuit.). Mus. Brit., Derbiano, Vindobiensi. 45. CALLISTE CYANEICOLLIS. Aglaia cyanicollis, Lafr. et d’ Orb. Mag. de Zool. 1837, p. 33. Tanagra cyanicollis, d Orb. Voy. p. 271. pl. 25. fig. 1. Callospiza cyanicollis, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, p. 286; F. P. p. 202. Aglaia ceruleocephala, Sw. An. in Men. p. 356. Calliste ceruleocephala, Gray, Gen. p. 366. sp. 18; Bp. Consp. p- 235. sp. 19. Calliste cyanicollis, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 115; P. Z.S. 1854, p.115, et 1855, p. 158 ; Cassin, Rep. U.S. Astr. Exp. ii. p.181. pl. xvii. fig. 1. Capite toto et gutture undique lete cyaneis: gula purpurascente : loris interscapulio et abdomine toto nigerrimis ; hoe ceruleo la- vato : dorso postico et alarum tectricibus pallide viridibus, tectri- cibus alarum summis aurescentioribus : remigibus et rectricibus nigris viridi anguste marginatis. Long. tota 4°7, alee 2°6, caudee 1°7. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota; Ecuador, prov. Quixos (Gould) ; Eastern Peru (Tsch.) ; Bolivia, Yuracares (d’Ord.). Mus. Brit., Paris., &c. 46. CALLISTE LABRADORIDES. Tanagra (Aglaia) labradorides, Boiss. R. Z. 1840, p. 67; Less. Deser. p. 347. Aglaia labradorides, Prevost, Voy. Venus, Ois. pl. 5. fig. 2. Calliste labradorides, Gray, Gen. p. 366. sp. 25; Bp. Consp. p. 235; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 57; P. Z. S. 1855, p. 158. Chalcothraupis labradorides, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 144; Note s. 1. Tang. p. 18. Nitenti-viridis ceruleo viz tincta, capite aurescentiore : fronte, loris, mento summo, nucha et cervice postica cum scapularibus nigris : alis caudaque nigris cerulescenti-viridi marginatis ; tectricibus 263 alarum summis ceruleis: ventre imo crissogue pallide ochra- ceis. Long. tota 4-5, alee 2°6, caudse 1°7. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota. Mus. Brit., &. 47. CALLISTE PARZUDAKII. Tanagra parzudakii, Lafr. R. Z. 1843, p- 97; Mag. de Zool. 1843, Ois. pl. 41. Calliste parzudakii, Gray, Gen. p. 366. sp. 27; Bp. Consp. p. 235. sp. 26; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 66; P. Z. S. 1854, p- 115, et 1855, p. 158. Chrysothraupis parzudakii, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 143; Notes. 1. Tang. p. 18. Nigra: dorso postico cum tectricibus alarum minoribus et tectricum majorum apicibus externis argenteo-cyanescentibus: pileo toto cum nucha et collo laterali flavissimis ; fronte et regione oculari ruberrimis : loris nigris : subtus argenteo-cyanescens ochraceo tincta; gula nigra; ventre medio crissoque ochraceis. Long. tota 5:5, ale 3°3, caudze 2-0. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota; Ecuador, Quixos. Mus. Brit. . 48. CALLISTE LUNIGERA. - Calliste lunigera, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 65. pl. 70. fig. 2. Nigra: dorso postico cum tectricibus alarum minoribus et tectricum majorum secundariarumque marginibus argenteo-viridescentibus : pileo toto et capitis lateribus aurantiacis, macula magna auriculari cum gula nigris: pectore argenteo-viridescente ; abdomine rufes- centi-ochraceo. Long. tota 5°3, alee 2°8, caude 1:8. Hab. Western Ecuador, vicinity of Quito (Jameson). Mus. Gul. Jardine, Bart. et P. L. S. 49. CALLISTE CHRYSOTIS. Calliste chrysotis, DuBus, Esq. Orn. pl. 7 ; Gray, Gen. App. p.17; Bp. Consp. p. 236 ; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 66. Chrysothraupis chrysotis, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 142 ; Notes. 1. Tang. pol7. Supra nigra: dorso postico et interscapulii alarumque pennarum omnium marginibus clare viridibus : pileo nigro: fronte aures- centi-viridi : regione auriculari. cuprescenti-aureo : subtus clare viridis ; abdomine medio crissoque castaneis. Long. tota 5°5, ale 2:9, caude 1'9. Hab. Eastern Peru (DuBus). Mus. Bruxell., Derbiano. 264 50. CALLISTE XANTHOCEPHALA. Callospiza xanthocephala, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, p. 285 ; F. P. p- 200. pl. 17. fig. 2 (fig. pess.); Gray, Gen. App. p. 17; Bp. Consp. 235 Calliste lamprotis, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 65. Chrysothraupis xanthocephala, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 443 ; Note s. 1. Tang. p. 17. Lete ceruleo-viridis : interscapulii, ularum et caude plumis nigris eodem viridi limbatis : fronte, loris, gula summa et cervice pos- tica nigris: pileo toto aurantiaco: capitis lateribus et regione auriculari flavissimis : ventre medio crissoque pallide ochraceis. Long. tota 5°3, alee 2°9, caude 1°9. Hab. Eastern Peru (Tsch.) ; Bolivia ( Bridges). Mus. Brit., Neuchatel. 51. CALLISTE VENUSTA. Calliste xanthocephala, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 58; P. Z.S. 1854, p. 115. Calliste venusta, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 248, et 1855, p. 158. Lete ceruleo-viridis : interscapulii, alarum caudeque plumis nigris, eodem viridi marginatis : fronte, loris, gula summa et cervice pos- tica nigris : pileo lateribusque capitis flavis : ventre medio crisso- que pallide ochraceis : rostro nigro: pedibus pallidis. Long. tota 4°5, alee 2°5, caudze 1°5. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota; prov. Quixos in Ecuador. Mus. Brit., Berol. Genus XXXIV. Diva. Procnopis, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxii. p. 80 (1851), nee Cab. Diva, Sclater, Tan. Cat. Sp. p. 16 (1854). Forma Callistze, sed rostro breviore et basi dilatata; dente finalt obsoleto: ale longe, remigibus secunda, tertia et quarta longis- simis, prima breviore quam quinta : cauda modica quadrata : pti- losis cerulea, unicolor. 1. Diva vassort. - Tanagra (Euphone’) vassorii, Boiss. R. Z. 1840, p. 4; Mag. de Zool. 1841, pl. 23. Aglaia diva, Less. Echo d. M. S. 1844, p. 57; Descr. d. Mam. et Ois. p. 347. Calliste vassorii, Gray, Gen. p. 366. sp. 26; Bp. Consp. p. 235. sp. 25; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 60. Procnopis vassori, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxii. p. 80; R. Z. 1851, p. 134; Notes. 1. Tang. p. 9. Diva vassori, Sclater, Tan. Cat. Sp. p. 13; P. Z. S$. 1855, p. 158. 265 Lucide caerulea: loris, alis caudaque nigris : tectricibus alarum minoribus et tectricum majorum marginibus ceruleis. ? aut junior. Griseo-cineracea : subtus clarior. Long. tota 4-7, alee 2°8, caudee 1-7. Hab. Bogota. Mus. Brit., &c. The bird which I formerly described as Pipridea albiventris (Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 131. pl. 100. fig. 2), and afterwards made a second species of this form, is, I now think, though somewhat intermediate in characters, more strictly referable to the neighbourhood of the genus Dacnis in the family Cerebide. Genus XXXV. Prreripra. Pipraeidea, Sw. Zool. Journ. iii. p. 173 (1827). Procnopis, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxii. p. 80, nee Cab. Rostrum Callistee, sed brevius, altius, basi dilatata, rictu plumoso : ale modice, remigibus quatuor primis fere equalibus sed secunda et tertia paulo longioribus: cauda modica subquadrata : ptilosis cerulea et rufa: sexus dissimiles, 1. Prpr1pEA MELANONOTA. Pico di punzon azul y canela, Azar. Pax. i. p- 413. Tanagra melanonota, Vieill. N. D. d’H. N. xxxii. 407. Tanagra melanotha, Vieill. Enc. Méth. p- 773. Tanagra vittata, Temm. Pl. Col. 48 (3 et 2). Pipraeidea cyanea, Sw. Zool. Journ. 1827, p. 173; Bp. Consp. . 231. Aglaia vittata, Darwin, Voy. Beagle, p. 98. Calliste vittata, Gray, Gen. p. 366. sp. 24. Procnopis vitiata, Cab. in Wiegm. Arch. 1844, p. 284. _Procnopis melanota, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxii. p. 80; R. Z. 1851, p- 134; Notes. 1. Tang. p. 8. Calliste melanonota, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p- 61, _Pipreidea melanonota, Sclater, Tan. Cat. Sp. p. 13. Supra cerulea : interscapulio toto valde obscuriore, nigricanti-caru- leo tincto: alis caudaque nigris nigricante ceruleo limbatis : campteriis lete .ceruleis: vitta lata frontali per oculos utrinque transeunte nigerrima: subtus ochracescenti-cinnamomea. ¢. Obscurior : interscapulio fusco: alarum caudeque marginibus viridescentibus. - Long. tota 5:8, ale 3:1, caudze 2-0. Hab. Southern Brazil ; Uruguay, Maldonado (Darwin) ; Para- guay (dzara). Mus. Brit., &ce. 2. PIpRIDEA VENEZUELENSIS, sp. nov. Supra lete cerulea : interscapulio alis caudaque nigris, ceruleo 266 tinctis : campteriis lete ceruleis : vitta frontali per oculos utrin- que transeunte nigerrima : subtus ochracea. Long. tota 5°1, ale 3°1, caudee 1°9. Hab. Venezuela, Caraccas (Levraud). Mus. Parisiensi. Obs. Affinissima P. melanonote, sed paulo minor et colore czruleo clariore et rostro breviore distinguenda. 3. PIpRIDEA CASTANEIVENTRIS. Calliste castaneoventris, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 60. Pipraidea castaneiventris, Sclater, Tan. Cat. Sp. p. 13. Supra fusco-cerulea: alis caudaque nigris fusco-ceruleo limbatis : loris et regione oculari atris: infra brunneo-castanea: rostro elongatiore, mandibula inferiore brunnescente, superiore cum pe- dibus nigris. Long. tota 6:4, alz 3:15. Hab. Bolivia (Bridges). Mus. Derbiano. Genus XXXVI. CuLorocHRysA. Chlorochrysa, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxii. p. 76 (1851). Calliparea, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 129. Rostrum tenue, elongatum, mandibula superiore paulum incurva, in- feriore rectissima : dente finali fere obsoleto: ale elongate, re- migibus quatuor primis fere equalibus et longissimis : cauda brevi quadrata : ptilosis nitentissime viridis : sevus similes. 1. CHLOROCHRYSA CALLIPARAA. Callospiza calliparea, Tsch. in Wiegm. Arch. 1844, p. 202; F. P. p-. 202. Calliste calliparea, Gray, Gen. App. p. 17; Bp. Consp. p. 235. sp. 30. Calliste bourcieri, Bp. Compt. Rend. Ac. Se. Par. xxxii. p. 76. Calliparea bourcieri, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 129; Notes. 1. Tang. p. 3. Chlorochrysa calliparea, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 99. pl. 73. fig. 1. Lucide viridis : regione oculari dorso inferiore et ventre cerules- cente tinctis : gula nigra: regione auriculari castanea : uropygio croceo. Long. tota 4°6, alze 2°8, caudze 2°0. Hab. Wood-region of E. Peru (Tsch.) ; Valley of Baiios, Ecuador (Bourcier) ; Anolaima, New Grenada (Chapout). Mus. Berol., Parisiensi. 2. CHLOROCHRYSA PHENICOTIS. Calliste phenicotis, Bp. Compt. Rend. Ac. Sc. Par. xxxii. p. 76. Calliparea phenicotis, Bp. R. Z.1851, p.129 ; Note s.1.Tang. p. 3. 267 _ Chlorochrysa phenicotis, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 100. pl. 73. fig. 2. Lucide viridis: tectricibus alarum minoribus, tibiis et macula altera suboculari et altera pone oculum utrinque splendenti-olivaceo-brun- neis: his secundis maculis corallino-rubro versus nucham termi- natis. 9. Mari similis sed minor. Long. tota 5:0, alee 3-0, caudee 1°7. Hab, Ecuador, Nanegan, north of Quito (Bourcier). Mus. Paris. et Gul, Jardine, Bart. Genus XXXVII. TANAGRELLA. Tanagrella, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 121. Hypothlypis, Cab. in Schomb. Reise, iii. p. 667. Rostrum tenue, elongatum, mandibula inferiore recta, superiore in- curva, dente finali indistincto: ale longe, remigibus secunda et tertia longissimis, prima quartam e@quante et illis vix breviore: cauda longa quadrata : ptilosis nigro-cerulea : sexus similes. 1. TaNAGRELLA VELIA. Red-bellied Blue-bird, Edwards’ Glean. pl. 22. Motacilla velia, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 336 (partim). Le Pipit bleu de Surinam, Buff. Pl. Enl. 669. fig. 3. Le Pitpit varié, Buff. H. N. v. 341. Tangara varié, Desm. Tan. pl. 2. Tanagra velia, Vieill. N. D. dH. N. xxxii. p. 424; Ene. Méth. . 780. Tanagra varia, Steph. Zool. xiv. p. 7; Cuv. Régn. An. i. p. 367. Hypothlypis iridina, Cab. in Schomb. Reise, iii. p. 667 ? Tanagra iridina, Hartl. R. Z. 1841, p. 105? Tanagrella iridina, Gray, Gen. p. 366. Tanagrella velia, Bp. Consp. p. 236; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, 97. Red-bellied Tanager, Lath. G. H. vi. 34. Nigra: gula, capitis lateribus, alarum caudeque marginibus et caude tectricibus superioribus ceruleis: dorso postico viridescente ar- genteo nitente: pileo antico viridescente cyaneo, versus rostrum cerulescentiore : loris et narium plumis nigris: subtus cerulea, collo antico nigro: pectore lilacescente: ventre medio et crisso castaneis: tectricibus subalaribus albis: rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 5°4, alze 2-9, caude 2:0. Hab. Cayenne; British Guiana (Schombd.). Mus. Brit., &c. 2. TANAGRELLA ELEGANTISSIMA. Tanagrella elegantissima, J. et E. Verr. Rev. Zool. 1853, p. 195. Nigerrima : gula, capitis lateribus et pileo antico cum fronte et loris, 268 alarum caudeque marginibus et tectricibus caude superioribus letissime ceruleis: dorso postico viridescente argenteo nitente : subtus cerulea, collari interrupto nigro: pectore paululum lila- cescente : ventre medio et crisso castaneis: tectricibus alarum in- ferioribus albis : rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 5:5, alee 3-0, caude 1:9. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota; Rio Xié (Natterer) ; Porto Cabello (Mus. Hein.). Mus. Heineano; Vindob. This species, of which I have seen many examples in the most re- cently imported Bogota collections, is very closely allied to the T. velia of Cayenne; but in the present bird the front lores and throat are of the same full blue as the wing-edgings, and there is no tinge of greenish colouring on the head as in its Cayenne representative. The whole colouring is also generally more intense, and the black collar on the throat is narrower and less defined. 3. TANAGRELLA CYANOMELAS. Sylvia surinamensis cerulea, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 536 ? Motacilla velia, Gm. 8. N. i. 991 (partim). Tanagra cyanomelas, Max. Beitr. iil. 453. Tanagrella multicolor, Sw. An. in Men. p. 313. Tanagrella tenuirostris, Sw. Class. ii. p. 121. Tanagreila velia, Gray, Gen. p. 366. sp. 1. Tanagrella cyanomelas, Bp. Consp. p. 236; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 97. Nigra: gula, fronte, capitis lateribus, marginibus alarum et caude cum tectricibus caude superioribus ceruleis: pileo antico supra Srontem et dorso postico viridescenti-argenteis : subtus lete ceru- lescenti-grisea, ventre medio et crisso castaneis : collari interrupto nigro: tectricibus subalaribus albis. Long. tota 5°7, alee 3-0, caudze 2°2. Hab. South-eastern Brazil (Maz.). Mus. Brit., &ce. 4. TANAGRELLA CALOPHRYS. Hypothlypis callophrys, Cab. in Schomb. Reise, iii. 668 (note). Tanagrella callophrys, Bp. Compt. Rend. 1851, p. 77; R. Z. 1851, p-130; Note s.1. Tang. p. 5; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, pl. 74. p. 98. Supra nigerrima: fronte angusta, capitis lateribus cum marginibus alarum et caude et tectricibus caude superioribus ceruleis : pileo mediali cum superciliis latis et elongatis et dorso postico virides- centi-argenteis : subtus cerulea, ventre imo et crisso nigris: tec- tricibus subalaribus nigricanti-cinereis : rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 5:4, alee 3-0, caudee 2:0. Hab. Ecuador, prov. Quixos (Bourcicr) ; East Peru, river Uca- yali (Hawawell). Mus. Berol. . 269 Genus XXXVIII. Gurossteriza. Neornis, Hartl. 1846, Nachtr. z. Verz. Brem. Mus., nec Hodgs. - Rostrum tenue, elongatum, incurvum, commissura arcuata, gonyde recta, dente finali nullo: ale longa, remige tertia et guarta lon- gissimis et secundam paulo superantibus, prima paulo breviore quam quinta: cauda breviuscula quadrata: sexus dissimiles : ptilosis mascula caerulea, feminea grisea. 1. GLosstpTILA RUFICOLLIS. Motacilia campestris, Linn. 8. N. i. p- 329 (2)? Rufous-throated Tanager, Lath. Syn. ii. pt. 1. p. 241. Tanagra ruficollis, Gm. S. N. ii. p. 894 ; Edwards, Glean. pl. 122. Tanagrella ruficollis, Gray, Gen. App. p- 17; Bp. Consp. p. 236; Gosse, B. of Jam. p- 236; Ill. B. Jam. pl. 58. Tachyphonus rufigularis, Lafr. R. Z. 1846, p. 320. Pyrrhulagra rujicollis, Bp. Consp. p. 236 (excl. syn.). Neornis cerulea, Hartl. Nachtr. z. Verz. Mus. Brem. p. 8 (descr. nulla). Rufous-chinned Finch, var. A, Lath. G. H. vi. 126. Cerulescenti-plumbea, facie nigricante: plaga magna gutturali cas- taneo-rufa. ?. Cupite colloque viridescenti-griseis : dorso olivascenti-brunneo : subtus cinerea, medialiter albescens. Long. tota 4°8, alze 2-8, caudze 1°8. Hab. Jamaica (Gosse) ; S. Domingo. Mus. Paris., Brit. Genus XXXIX. CutoropHonta. Chlorophonia, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 137. Triglyphidia, Reich. Ay. Syst. Nat. pl. 73. Genus viz ab Euphonia diversum : rostrum minus altum et basi magis dilatata : ale longe : remigibus 4 primis inter se fere equalibus : cauda brevissima : tarsi breves : ptilosis lete viridis, flavo varia : sexus dissimiles. 1. CHLOROPHONIA ViRIDIS. Tanagra viridis, Vieill. N. D. @H. N. XXX. p. 426; Temm. Pl. Col. 36. fig. 3. _ Pipra chlorocapilla, Shaw, Zool. xiii. p- 255. Euphonia viridis, Gray, Gen. p- 367. sp. 10; Tsch. in Wiegm. Arch. 1844, p. 284; Bp. Consp. p- 233 ; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p- 88. Procnias (!) viridis, Cab. in Tsch. F. P. p. 197. Chlorophonia viridis, Bp. R. Z.1851, p- 137; Notes.1. Tang. p, 12. Clare viridis : ciliis oculorum et dorso toto ceruleis: abdomine flavo. Pan ane. ee 270 ?. Clare viridis ; cervice postica et uropygio ceruleis : abdomine flavescenti-viridi. Long. tota 4°5, alee 2°5, caudee 1:4. Hab. §.E. Brazil (Temm.) ; S. Joao del Rey and Ypanema (Natt.) ; Eastern Peru (Tsch.). Mus. Brit., Vindob. 2. CHLOROPHONIA LONGIPENNIS. Euphonia longipennis, DuBus, Bull. Ac. Brux. xxii. p. 156 (1855). Clare viridis : cervice postica et dorso imo cum ciliis oculorum ceru- leis, interscapulio eodem colore lavato: abdomine lete flavo. ?%. Viridis ; uropygio cerulescente : abdomine flavescenti-viridi. Long. tota 4°5, alee 2°55, caudee 1:2. Hab, New Grenada, Bogota. Mus. Dubusi, et P. L.S. 3. CHLOROPHONIA FRONTALIS. Chlorophonia frontalis, Bp. MS. Euphonia frontalis, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 89. Clare viridis: cervice postica et uropygio toto cum ciliis oculorum ceruleis : fronte et abdomine toto flavis. Long. tota 4°5, alee 2°7, caudee 1°5. Hab. Venezuela, Caraccas (Levraud). Mus. Berol., Paris., Heineano. 4, CHLOROPHONIA OCCIPITALIS. Euphonia occipitalis, DuBus, Esq. Orn. pl. 14 (2); Gray, Gen. App. p. 17; Bp. Consp. p. 233 ; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 90. Chlorophonia occipitalis, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 138; Note s. 1. Tang. p- 12; Cassin, Rep. U.S. Astr. Exp. ii. p. 182. pl. xx. fig. 2( 2). Clare viridis : semitorque angusto postico et vertice summa ceruleis : vitta pectorali nigro-castanea: abdomine flavissimo, lateribus virescentibus. 9. Viridis, macula verticali et semitorque minus conspicua ceruleis : abdomine flavo, lateribus virescentibus. Long. tota 5°5, ale 2°8. Hab. 8. Mexico (DuBus). Mus. Brit., Parisiensi. 5. CHLOROPHONIA PRETRII. Tanagra (Euphonia) pretrei, Lafr. R. Z. 1843, p. 97; Mag. de Zool. 1842, Ois. pl. 42. Euphonia pretrei, Gray, Gen. p. 367. sp. 19 ; Bp. Consp. p. 233 ; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 185], p. 89. Chlorophonia pretrei, Bp. R. Z.1851, p. 138; Notes. 1. Tang. p. 12. Euphonia pyrrhophrys, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 89. pl. 75. fig. 2 (2). 3. Clare viridis: pileo ceruleo: fronte angusta et linea super- ag 271 ciliarit nigris: fascia uropygiali et abdomine flavissimis: hujus media parte cum crisso castaneis : torque pectorali angusto nigro . 2. Viridis: pileo ceruleo: fronte et superciliis castaneis :; uro- pygio et abdomine flavicantibus. Long. tota 4°5, alee 2°7, caudee 1°6. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota. Mus. Brit., &c. Genus XL. Evrnonta. Euphonia, Desm. H. N. des Tang. (1805). Cyanophonia, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 138. Pyrrhuphonia, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxi. p. 423 (1850). Ypophea, Bp. Ann. d. Se. Nat. 1855. ** Acroleptes, Schiff.,” Bp. 1. c. Iliolopha, Bp. 1. c. Rostrum breve, altum, dilatatum, culmine incurvo; gonyde ascen- dente ; commissura ad apicem dentata et plerumque serrata: ale longe: remigibus 4 primis inter se fere equalibus sed secunda et tertia plerumque paulo longioribus : cauda brevi quadrata: sexus dissimiles: ptilosis marium nigra et flava; feminarum olivacea. a. Cyanophonia. 1. EUPHONIA MUSICA. L’ Organiste, Buff. H. N. iv. p. 290. DL’ Organiste de S. Dominge, Buff. Pl. Enl. 809. fig. 1. Pipra musica, Gm. 8. N. 1004. Tanagra musica, Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 787. Euphonia ceruleocephala, Sw. Class. ii. 286. Euphonia musica, Gray, Gen. p. 367. sp. 1; Bp. Consp. p. 232; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 82. Euphone musica, Lembeye, Aves de Cuba, p. 42. Supra nitenti-nigra: pileo ceruleo: fronte aurea, postice nigro- marginata : uropygio et abdomine toto fulvo-aurantiis, gula nigra. Long. tota 4°4, alee 2°5, caudee 1°5. Hab. 8. Domingo (Buf’., Salié) ; Cuba (Lembeye). Mus. Brit. 2. EUPHONIA FLAVIFRONS. Tanagra flavifrons, Lath. Ind. Orn. Suppl. p. 47 (2); Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 775. Emberiza flavifrons, Sparm. Mus. Carls. iv. no. 92 (2). Euphone organiste, Desm. Tan. pl. 19 3, 20 ? ; Vieill. Gal.7Ois. Suppl. pl.s.n. (¢ et 2). Cyanophonia musica, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 138; Notes. 1. Tang. p.12. Euphonia sclateri, Bp. in Mus. Paris. Euphonia flavifrons, Sclater, Tan. Cat. Sp. p. 13 et p. 16. 272 3. Supra nitenti-nigra: pileo ceruleo : fronte aurea postice nigro marginata: uropygio et corpore subtus flavo-aurantiis. 2. Olivaceo-viridis ; uropygio et corpore subtus flavescentioribus : gula flavicante: fronte aurea postice angustissime nigro margi- nata. Long. tota 42, alee 2°4, caude 1-4. Hab. Porto Rico (Maugé); Trinidad ; Cayenne? Mus. Parisiensi. This is the species figured by Desmarest and Vieillot as the true musica, and considered by me in my Synopsis of this genus, given in the ‘ Contributions to Ornithology ’ for 1851, to be that bird in an immature state. But on an examination of Desmarest’s types in the Paris Museum, I agree with Prince Bonaparte (who has done me the honour to call this species 2. sclateri) that it is apparently distinct. A specimen of the female of this bird in the Derby Museum at Liverpool bears the label ‘* Tanagra flavifrons, Latham;” and as Latham’s description and Sparman’s figure agree sufficiently well with it, and this specimen is probably the type of Latham’s descrip- tion, I feel bound to employ the term flavifrons as the first-given appellation of this Huphonia. 3. EUPHONIA NIGRICOLLIS. Pipra cyanocephala, Vieill. N. D. dH. N. xix. p. 165 (2)? Tanagra nigricollis, Vieill. N. D. dH. N. xxxii. p.412; Enc. Méth. p. 782. Lindo azul y oro, Azar. Pax. i. p. 390 (unde), Tanagra aureata, Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 782. Tanagra chrysogastra, Cuy. Régn. An. i. p. 366. Euphonia nigricollis, Lafr. et dOrb. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, p. 30; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 83. pl. 75. fig. 1. Euphonia aureata, @ Orb. Voy. p. 267 ; Gray, Gen. p. 367. sp. 9; Bp. Consp. p. 233. Cyanophonia aureata, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p.138; Notes. 1. Tang. p. 13. Purpurascenti-nigra : pileo ceruleo : fronte et gula nigris: uropy- gio et abdomine toto aureo-flavis. ?. Olivaceo-viridis, subtus flavescens: pileo ceruleo: fronte cas- tanea. Long. tota 4-3, alee 2°6, caudee 1°5. Hab. Trinidad; Venezuela, Caraccas (Levraud) ; New Grenada, Bogota; Western Ecuador, vic. of Quito (Jameson); Brazil, Rio (P. Maz.); Paraguay (Azara); Rincon de Luna et Corrientes (d’Ord.). Mus. Brit., Paris., &c. 4, EUPHONIA ELEGANTISSIMA. Pipra elegantissima, Bp. P. Z. 8. 1837, p. 112. Euphonia celestis, Less. R. Z. 1839, p. 42. 273 _ Pipra galericulata, Giraud, B. Texas, no. 10. pl. 5. fig. 2 (1840). Euphonia elegantissima, Gray, Gen. App. p. 17; Bp. Consp. p- 232; DuBus, Esq. Orn. pl. 8 ; Baird, in Stansbury’s Exp. to Utah, p- 330; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 83. Euphonia tibicen, Licht. in Mus. Berol. Purpurascenti-nigra : pileo ceruleo : fronte saturate castanea pos- tice nigro marginata : gula nigra: abdomine flavescente-fulvo. 9. Olivaceo-viridis, subtus flavescentior: pileo ceruleo: fronte castanea, nigrescente postice marginata. Long. tota 4-3, ale 2°6, caude 1-6. Hab. Guatimala (Bp.); S. Mexico, Oaxaca (DuBus), Xalapa (Mus. Berol.), Cordova (Sallé) ; Texas (Giraud and Baird). Mus. Brit., Berolin., &c. b. Euphonia. 5. EvPHONIA CHLOROTICA. Tang. cayennensis nigro-lutea, Briss. Orn. iii. 34. Tang. de Cayenne, Buff. Pl. Enl. 114. fig. 1. Tanagra chlorotica, Linn. 8. N. i. 317 ; Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 782. Tanagra violacea, var. 8. chlorotica, Gm. S. N. i. 890. Euphone chlorotique, Desm. Tan. pl. 24, 25. Euphonia chlorotica, Licht. Verz. Doubl. p. 29 ; Gray, Gen. p- 367. sp.5; Bp. Consp. p. 232; Sund. Vet. Ac. Sy. 1833, pl. 10. figs. 2&3; Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 84; Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 136, et Note s. 1. Tang. p. 10. Golden Tanager, var. «, Lath. G. H. vi. p. 28. 3. Atro-nitens ; capite, gutture et dorso superiore violaceo-purpuras- centibus : pilei dimidio antico usque ad angulum oculi extremum et abdomine toto aureis : macula magna ovali in pogoniv interno rectricum duarum utrinque extimarum et alis subtus albis. ?. Olivascens: alis caudaque intus fuscis : sublus flavescens. Long. tota 3°4, ale 2°1, caude 1:2. Hab. Cayenne. Mus. Brit. In this Euphonia the lores and nasal feathers are black, and the yellow on the head reaches up to a straight line between the farther corners of the eyes. 6. EUPHONIA SERRIROSTRIS. Euphonia serrirostris, Lafr. et d’Orb. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, p. 30; d’Orb. Voy. p. 267. pl. 23. fig. 2; Gray, Gen. p. 367 ; Bp. Consp. p. 233; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p.90 (2). Euphonia chlorotica, Tsch. Av. Consp. in Wiegm. Arch. 1844, p- 284, et F. P. p. 197? Similis E. chloroticee ex Cayenna, sed forsan distincta: major : nucha intensius violacea et rostro magis serrato: hujus basi quoque albescente. Long. tota 4°4, alee 2°25, caude 1°5. No. CCCXVIII.—Proceepines or THE Zootoeicat Society. 274 -9. (E. serrirostris, Lafr. et @Orb.!) Supra flavo-olivacea : subtus flavescentior : pectore et ventre mediis cinerascentibus. Hab. Bolivia, Guarayos (d’Orb.) ; Eastern Peru (Tsch.) ? Mus. Lafresnayano, Brit. The Euphonia serrirostris figured by d’Orbigny seems to be no thing more than the female of a species very closely allied to the Euphonia chlorotica. As however I think it possibly distinct from the £. chlorotica of Cayenne, MM. Lafresnaye and d’Orbigny’s name can be retained for the Bolivian bird, until further examination of a series of specimens can be made—by which means only the question of their identity can be determined. 7. EUPHONTIA TRINITATIS. Euphonia trinitatis, Strickl. Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 72 ; Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, p. 84, 3. Altro-nitens sed magis viridescens quam E. chlorotica : capite et gutture purpureo tinctis : fronte angusta nigra: pileo supero toto postice rotundato et abdomine aureis: macula magna ovali in pogonio interno rectricum duarum utringue extimarum et alis sub- tus albis. ?. Supra olivascens : subtus flava. Long. tota 3°9, alee 2°2, caudee 1°3. Hab. Trinidad. Mus. P.L.S. I have seen a good many examples of this Trinidad species, which appears correctly separable from the Cayenne bird. 8. EUPHONIA AFFINIS. Tanagra (Euphonia) affinis, Less. R. Z. 1842, p. 175. Euphonia affinis, Gray, Gen. p. 367. sp. 20; Bp. Consp. p. 233. 3. Atro-nitens: capite et gutlure purpureo tinctis: fronte an- gusta nigra: pileit dimidio antico usque ad angulum oculorum ex- tremum et abdomine toto limonaceo-flavis: macula magna in pogonio externo rectricum duarum utrinque extimarum et alis subtus albis. 9. Supra olivascens, pileo postico et dorso superiore cinereo tinctis : subtus flavescentior, abdomine medio clariore. Long. tota 3:0, alee 2°1, caude 1°3. Hab. 8. Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri) ; Guatimala; Realejo, Central America (Less.). Mus. P.L.S. ; In the amount of yellow on the head, and general appearance, this species comes very near the true chlorotica. But it may be recognized by the paler tinge of the yellow and the absence of the violaceous colouring upon the back. 9. EUPHONIA MINUTA. ELuphonia olivacea, Desm. Tan. pl. 27; Gray, Gen. p. 367. sp. 2; Bp. Consp. p. 232 (2)? Tanagra olivacea, Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 782. 275 Euphonia minuta, Cab. in Schomb. Reise, iii. p. 671; Sclater, Tan. Cat. Sp. p. 14 (9). Euphonia strictifrons, Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 72; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 84. Euphonia pumila, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 136; Note s.1. Tang. p. 10. Euphonia leucopyga, Natt. in Mus. Vindob. Atro-nitens ; dorso viridescentiore, capite et gutture purpurascen- tioribus : fronte lata et abdomine aureis : crisso, tibiis et rectri- cum trium utringue extimarum pogonio interno fere toto cum tectricibus alarum inferioribus albis. . Supra olivacea: subtus flavescens, abdomine medio grisescente. Long. tota 3:4, ale 1:9, caudee 1:0. Hub. Cayenne; Brit. Guiana (Schomb.) ; Barra do Rio Negro (Natt.) ; New Grenada, Bogota. ’ Mus. Brit., Vindob. This species is very easily distinguished among its close affines by the narrow yellow head-band and white crissum. I have seen the type of Cabanis’ HZ. minuta, and have no doubt it is the female of this bird, the male of which was afterwards named by Prince Bonaparte and Mr. Strickland almost simultaneously. I have little doubt that Desmarest’s Euphonia olivacea is also the female of this bird, but the name is hardly sufficiently applicable to warrant its adoption. 10. EurpHoniA CONCINNA. Euphonia concinna, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 98. pl. 85. fig. 2, et 1855, p. 159; Tan. Cat. Sp. App. p. 16. ephonts hirundinacea, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 156; Note s. 1. Tang. p- 10? Supra nigro-violacea: vertice summa flava, fronte et linea supra oculos nigris : gutture violaceo-nigro : abdomine aurantiaco : cauda subtus immaculate nigra. _ Long. tota 3°8, ale 2°2, caude 1:4. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota. Mus. P.L.S. 11. EUPHONIA XANTHOGASTRA. Euphonia xanthogastra, Sund. Vet. Ac. Handl. 1833, pl. 10. fig. 1 ; Gray, Gen. p. 367. sp. 22; Bp. Consp. p. 233 ; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 85; P. Z.S. 1854, p. 115, et 1855, p. 159. Euphonia brevirostris, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 156, et Note s. 1. Tang. p- 10. _ Nitente-cerulescenti-nigra, cervice postica violacea : gutture nigro : pileo supero tolo postice rotundato cum fronte et narium plumis et abdomine aurantiaco-flavis : macula in rectricis une utringue ex- time pogonio interno et tectricibus subalaribus albis. Long. tota 4:0, alee 2°4, caudee 1°3. Hab. Southern Brazil; Ecuador, prov. Quixos; New Grenada, Bogota. Mus. Brit. 276 I can find no difference between the Brazilian bird and the Bogota specimens (#. brevirostris) sufficient to warrant their separation. 12. EUPHONIA RUFICEPS. Euphonia ruficeps, Lafr. et d Orb. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool.1837, p- 30; d’Orb. Voy. p. 268. pl. 22. fig. 2; Gray, Gen. p. 367. sp. 18; Bp. Consp. p. 232; R. Z. 1851, p. 136; Note s. 1. Tang. p. 10; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 85. Nitenti-cerulescenti-niger, cervice postica intense violacea : gutture nigro: pileo summo cum fronte castaneis: abdomine aureo me- dialiter aurantiaco: macula in pogonio externo rectricis une utrinque extime et tectricibus subalaribus albis. Long. tota 4:0, alee 2°4, caudee 1°2. Hab. Bolivia, Yuracares (d’Orb.); Venezuela, Caraccas (Lev- raud),. Mus. Parisiensi, Lafresnayano, Derbiano. A bird in the collection lately transmitted to the Paris Museum by M. Levraud from Caraceas, differs from the true Bolivian ruficeps only in having rather more chestnut colouring on the head, and that of a lighter and more orange-coloured tinge. I should be unwilling to separate it specifically without seeing more specimens. 13. EUPHONIA FULVICRISSA, Sp. NOV. Supra nitenti-eneo-nigra, pileo postice rotundato flavo : gutture toto cum cervice versus ventrem in semicirculum terminata eneo-nigris : abdomine aureo, medialiter aurantiaco: crisso fulvo: rectricis une utrinque extime macula in pogonio externo et tectricibus subalari- bus albis ; his flavescente tinctis. Long. tota 3°7, alee 2°0, caudee 1:2. Hab. 8. Martha in New Grenada. I possess a single specimen of this Huphonia which was received by MM. Verreaux from their collector at S. Martha. It appears to me to constitute a new species of this genus, distinguished by the way in which the black throat is produced towards the breast and rounded at its termination, and the peculiar colour of the crissum. 14. EUPHONIA CHALYBEA. Tanagra chalybea, Mikan, Faun. et Flor. Bras. pl. 3. fig. 13, 292. Euphone e@nea, Sund. Vet. Ac. Sy. 1834, p. 309. pl. 11. fig. 4; Less. Descr.d. Mamm. et Ois. p. 348. Euphonia enea, Gray, Gen. p. 367. sp. 21; Bp. Consp. p. 233; R. Z. 1851, p. 136 ; Notes. 1. Tang. p. 11. Euphonia pardalates, Less. Echo d. M.S. 1844. Euphonia chalybea, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 85. ‘* Euphonia pyrrhuloides, Natt.,” Gray, Gen. App. p. 16. Euphonia chloritica, Licht.in Mus. Berol. Corpore supero cum gula summa intense eneis: vitta frontali et ab- domine toto flavis, rostro crasso. 7 wea 277 9. Olivacea: subtus grisea, lateribus et ventre imo crissoque flaves- centi-olivaceis. Long. tota 5:0, alee 2°6, caudze 1°6. Hab. Southern Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul (Plant). Mus. Brit., Paris. 15. EUPHONIA VIOLACEA. Tang. brasiliensis nigro-lutea, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 31. Tanagra violacea, Linn. 8. N. p.315; Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 783 ; Max. Beitr. iii. p. 441. Tang. de Brésil, Buff. Pl. Enl. 114. fig. 2. Le Teité, Buff. H. N. iv. 295 (aarti. Euphonia violacea, Gray, Gen. p. 267. sp. 3; Schomb. Reise, iii. 671; Bp. Consp. p. 232; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 86; Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 136; Note s.1. Tang. p. 10. Euphone teité, Desm. Tan. pl. 21. 22. 23 (2). Golden Tanager, Lath. G. H. vi. 27. Nitenti-ceruleo-nigra ; cervice postica violaceo tincta: fronte tota et pileo antico a mediis oculis cum corpore subtus aureis ; rect. 2 aut 3 extimis in pogonio interno albo maculatis. ?. Olivacea, subtus dilutior, medialiter flavescens. Long. tota 4-0, ale 2°3, caude 1°3. Hab. Trinidad ; Cayenne ; Brit. Guiana (Schomb.); South-eastern Brazil (P. Maz.) ; Southern Brazil. Mus. Brit., &c. 16. EUPHONIA LANIIROSTRIS. Euphonia laniirostris, Lafr. et d Orb. Syn. Ay. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, p. 30; d’Orb. Voy. p. 266, pl. 23. fig. 1 ; Gray, Gen. p. 367. sp. 17; Bp. Consp. p. 223; Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 136; Notes. 1. Tang. p. 10. Major : nigro-violaceo-nitens : pileo summo postice rotundato et corpore subtus aureo-flavis : rostro maximo, crassissimo. 9 . Viridescenti-olivacea, uropygio flavescentiore : subtus flavescenti- viridescens. Hab. Bolivia, prov. Yungas Guarayos and S. Cruz de la Sierra (d@ Orb.). Mus. Parisiensi, Lafresnayano. 17. EUPHONIA CRASSIROSTRIS, Sp. Nov. Euphonia fortirostris, Lafr. in Mus. suo? Nitenti-ceruleo-nigra, nucha viz violaceo tincta: pileo summo pos- tice rotundato flavo : linea angusta supra oculos et narium plumis nigris: subtus lete flava: rectricum duarum utrinque extimarum macula longa in pogonio interno et tectricibus subalaribus albis : rostro forti, crasso. 9. Olivacea, subtus flava, lateribus olivascentibus. Long. tota 4°1, alz 2°6, caudze 1°6. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota. 278 I had formerly thought this Bogota bird might be the same as the Central American £. hirundinacea, but I have lately obtained other specimens, and find that such is not the case. The upper co- louring of this bird is not of the peculiar green shade which exists in the true hirundinacea, and the yellow head, instead of being confined to the frontal half and terminated by a straight line, extends further back and is posteriorly rounded. The bill of this bird is also thicker, broader and stronger, and shows more approach to the true Bolivian laniirostris. I am not now certain whether it is this species or the hirundinacea to which the Baron de la Fresnaye has given the MS. name forti- rostris. 18. EUPHONIA HIRUNDINACEA. Euphenia hirundinacea, Bp. P. Z. 8. 1837, p. 117; Gray, Gen. p- 367. sp. 4; Bp. Consp. p. 232; Sclater, P. Z. 8S. 1854, p. 98. pl. 85. fig. 1 (fig. mala). Euphonia lanitrostris, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 86. Viridescenti-eneo-nigra, cervice postica c@rulescentiore: pileo a Sronte ad initium oculorum et corpore subtus flavis, macula in ventre imo alba: rectricum duarum utrinque extimarum macula oblonga in pogonio interno et tectricibus subalaribus albis. Long. tota 4°2, alee 2°5, caudee 1°3. Hab. Guatimala (Bp. et Constancia) ; 8. Mexico, Cordova (Sailé). I had not very good specimens of this bird when I described it in P. Z. 8. for 1854, and the figure there given would suit better my Euphonia crassirostris. M. Sallé, however, has lately brought some beautifully prepared skins from Southern Mexico, which have enabled me to determine the species more satisfactorily. Ihave seen specimens in which the white belly-spot, which is per- haps produced by abrasion of the feathers in the most adult birds, was scarcely apparent. 19. EUPHONIA MELANURA. Euphonia melanura, Sclater, Contr.Orn. 1851, p. 86; P. Z.8.1855, p- 159. Nitenti-violaceo-nigra : pileo summo cum fronte et corpore subtus aureis : rectricibus immaculate nigris. Long. tota 4-0, alee 2°3, caudze 1°3. Hab. Barra do Rio Negro (Wallace) ; New Grenada, Bogota? The Bogota birds have the bill rather stronger and the yellow on the head more extended than the specimens from the Amazons. c. Iliolopha. 20. EvPHONIA CAYANA. Tang. cayanensis nigra, Briss. Orn. ii. 219. Tang. de Cayenne, Buff. Pl. En}. 114. fig. 3. Tang. négre, Buff. H. N. iv. 297. 279 Tanagra cayana, Linn. 8.N. i. p. 14. Tanagra cayennensis, Gm. 8. N. ii. 894. _ _ Buphonia cayennensis, Gray, Gen. p. 367. sp. 6; Schomb. Reise, ili. 671. Luphonia cayana, Bp. Consp. p. 233; R. Z. 1851, p. 135; Note s. 1. Tang. p. 10; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 88. Huphone négre, Desm. Tan. pl. 26. Atro-violaceo-nitens : macula magna utrinque pectorali lete flava. Long. tota 4°0, alee 2°5, caudee 1:3. Hab. Cayenne ; Brit. Guiana (Schomb.) ; Lower Amazon (Wal- lace). 21. EvpHONIA RUFIVENTRIS. Tanagra rufiventris, Vieill. N. D. dH. N. xxxii. p. 426; Enc. Méth. p- 781; Gal. Ois. Supp. pl. 24. Euphonia rufiventris, Gray, Gen. p.367.sp.12; Bp.Consp.p. 233; R. Z. 1851, p. 135; Note s.1. Tang. p. 10 ; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p- 87; Cassin, Rep. U.S. Astr. Exp. ii. p. 182. pl. xx. fig. 1. Luphonia bicolor, Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1850, p. 48. pl. 49. fig. 2. “Tanagra chrysogaster, Cuv.,” Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 461. Atro-nitens : abdomine toto rubrescenti-aurantio, lateraliter flaves- centiore. $. Olivaceo-viridis ; subtus medialiter cinerea, lateraliter flaves- centi-olivacea. Long. tota 4°5, alee 2:4, caudee 1°4. Hab. Eastern Peru, prov. Maynas (Péppig) ; r. Ucayali (Hawe- well) ; Rio Negro, Barcellos et S. Carlos ( Natterer). Mus. Brit., Derbiano, Vindob. et Lipsiensi. 22. EUPHONIA PECTORALIS. Pipra pectoralis, Lath. Ind. Orn. Supp. p. 57. Euphonia castaneiventris, Vieill. Gal. Ois. Supp. pl. . Tanagra rufiventris, Licht. Doubl. p. 30; Max. Beitr. iii. 447. Tanagra chlorocyanea, Vieill. N. D. dH. N. xxxii. p. 427; Puch. Arch. Mus. vii. p. 355. Euphonia pectoralis, Gray, Gen. p. 367. sp. 7 ; Bp. Consp. p. 233 ; R. Z. 1851, p. 135 ; Notes. 1. Tang. p. 10 ; Sclater, Cont. Orn. 1851, . 87. : Euphonia umbilicalis, Less. Tr.d’Orn. p. (?) ; Bp. Consp. p. 233 ; R. Z. 1851, p. 400, et Note s. 1. Tang. p. 11. Alro-violaceo-nitens : plaga utrinque pectorali flava: ventre toto saturate castaneo: tectricibus subalaribus albis. ?. Olivacea: pileo postico griseo: subtus flavo-olivacea : pectore et cervice cinereis: crisso castaneo. Long. tota 4-0, ala 2°5, caude 1°5. Hab. 8.E. Brazil (Maz.) ; Goyaz (Cast. et Dev.). Mus. Brit., Parisiensi. 280 d. Pyrrhuphonia. 23. EvPHONIA JAMAICENSIS. Fringilla jamaicensis, Briss. Orn. iii. 166. Grey Grosbeak, Brown, IIlustr. pl. 26. Fringilla jamaica, Linn. S. N. i. p. 323. Euphonia jamaica, Gray, Gen. App. p. 17 ; Gosse, B. Jam. p. 238 ; Ill. Orn. Jam. pl. 59 3 et 2; Bp. Consp. p. 233; Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 91. Pyrrhuphonia jamaica, Bp. R. Z. 1851, p. 157; Note s. 1. Tang. ihe ‘ Euphonia cinerea, Lafr. R. Z. 1846, p. 277; Bp. Consp. p. 235 ; Gray, Gen. App. p. 17. Banana Finch, Lath. G. H. vi. 125. Cerulescenti-grisea: subtus dilutior, ventre flavo, crisso albido. 2. Mari similis, sed uropygio virescente, ventre non flavo. Long. tota 4°3, alee 2°5, caudee 1°5. Hab. Jamaica (Gosse). Mus. Brit. 24. EuPHONIA PLUMBEA. Euphonia poliocephala, Natt. in Mus. Vindob. Euphonia plumbea, DuBus, Bull. Acad. Brux. xxii. p. 156. Griseo-plumbea, viridi micans : ventre et crisso flavissimis. 2. Grisea, olivaceo tincta: gula grisea: ventre flavescentiore : crassitie E. minute. Hab. Rio Negro (Nait.). Mus. Vindob. There are specimens of both sexes of this somewhat abnormally coloured Fuphonia in the Vienna Museum, collected by Natterer on the Rio Negro, and numbered 967 in his collection. 281 GENERUM TANAGRINORUM DISTRIBUTIONIS GEOGRAPHIC SCHEMA. a| z 3| .\¢ fa) al (ez B los 3.|96| & |. eel Ele |22 f g|aé ae/8S] am |AZls -T)oum |a fas i} . 18 aq )23| = | Pelee), litle stealer achodak & lage = |82| S|Sf/8s| § | s™|S3lex| Ble] SEs] 3 | as S\ee| 2 Ele] 2 135123) oe)2 (35/688) £ 2s zlad|<2|4 |68| 8 |Ee|Aa lee) A |oolrac| & | ga Ee), Bashi se listorksBesb Gaply $e lisBs bnQect WOedretn nies, 13.) 95 1. Pitylus..........06... me ike 1 alee 74 ae 7 2. Orchesticus.........| ... one alee 1 1; 1] 3] 1 1 1| 3 3. Schistochlamys ...] ... |... | eee |... | oe | 1 ar 1 oes 2 4. Saltator ............ Meera wevuily silken | ates. yet vies 5} 6] 4] 2 2 3 | 21 5. Psittospiza .........| ... Seales 1 Dae Me ier cee ae es Pr 6. Lamprospiza ...... Pe ier dlt mee mastic sult es P|) he. | cee Jd 7. Cissopis .......0....| eee Labeta Ntol Sl ie Sol aes al AD 1 . 3 8. Oreothraupis ......| ... 1|.. : Te sven) | gee 9, Arremon........... he 1 Fea | (aoa le 1 - 1} 2] 3] 1 DH) sony (he 10. Pheenicophilus ...} ... cesta: L PEG ese hres secon eee Saat line 11. Buarremon .........] ... 3 6} 2] 2 SHS AS eR PR Big lees, |e Le 12, Chlorospingus...... eal (ia 11 ra Dyfiscdn) sae 1 1) 15 13. Pyrrhocoma ......| ... ee Wisiee Ices ous — OL core as exes 1 14. Nemosia ............] ... eat Wlvel fiat 3 3) 2] 4] 3 2 1/11 15. Cypsnagra .........] ... ans a Me ose i Ne lie peat fete 1 16. Tachyphonus ...... coe 5 4 1 ie We fad gett 2 2} 10 17. Trichothraupis ...| ... sat Weed aoa [YE Da eve | ees: |) 2 18. Eucometis .........] ... age PR ters ON eee ecru bee! TS eects ees 19. Lanio ............008 Sel ae | ‘ed flees : ir) ranh ters TAP a jks. | oo 20. Phcenicothraupis...| ... 1 Pas | see ] Tp 1 frees 1 1| 4 21. Lamprotes ......... Sails: Dsdintas thas ake ARSE > Mimecnileyessy OP ees 2 22. Orthogonys.......+-| ... Sys lpi aasy lbyouatel Mists ah abs FBS | (ears la F-P4 [ell aS 2 23. Pyranga .......+... PM a eke wewen hve | “om tS (a ad ha | 2 1/10 24, Ramphocelus ......| ... Se lieeye | Ae bibees 3 1 3} 2 2 1 | 16 25. Spindalis............] ... sea | ae | Seustimoee A tae ie Se ieee gaeni| hes 26. Tanagra ............{ .. | 2{...| 4] 1{ 3] 2] 4] 2] 4) 3 3 2) 13 27. Dubusia ............] + sy ne ekg Boe eee PAR [eee epeulinesy aeeaetes 28. Compsocoma ......} ... |... ].. | 12] 2] 1]... ] 1 a 4 29. Buthraupis ......... at gee Ae CAMs Paes gear in | 4 30. Peecilothraupis ...| ... Any Wer Pill TA blr Poe i 3 31. Iridornis ............ Ere lies) Vigo ] 1 Ud es he 3 32. Calliste ............| ... 5 ER Ue al lO i Ws 2 a 2! 33. Diva .e......02.00 ealpash a eaten |: swatat sam copial eae 1 _ | 84. Pipridea ......s00...) see | eee | vee | oes Palate 11 fea Bi Fae ta i 1 3 _ | 35. Chlorochrysa ......| ... Er lee tad ei ee . Leet reas 2 | 36. Tamagrella .........] 0. | oo. |. | 1 1 Ll Bae 4 37. Glossiptila ......... seo. | ccsctalee PaunIe Rae wee Pri lita) ease 1 | 38. Chlorophonia ......| ... Tai 2 1 Palys 1 5 39. Euphonia ......... RB: tras to few 3} 1] 4] 5 3 | 3} 24 | 40. Stephanophorus...| ... | ... a3 1 1 3 | 33 | 12 | 84 | 22] 45) 4 | 40] 25 | 50 | 37 | 35 | 19 ‘272 282 6. ON THE SPECIES OF THE AMERICAN GENUS PARRA. By Puiiie Lutriey Scuater, M.A., F.Z.S. The American birds of the genus Parra, together with their repre- sentatives in the Tropics of the Old World belonging to the genera Metopidius, Hydralector and Hydrophasianus, constitute a very na- tural group, allied in many respects to the Rallide, but remarkable for the extreme elongation of the toes—a formation beautifully adapted for enabling them to walk upon the floating leaves of the numerous water-plants of these countries. MM. Verreaux of Paris have kindly furnished me from their well-stored magazines with a series of specimens of Parra, which enabled me to point out to the Society the distinctions between all the hitherto known species of this genus, and to indicate one cer- tainly new, and a second, which although not so obviously distinct, has some claim to be recognized as an intermediate species. A. Species caruncula frontali bilubata et caruncula rictali utrinque predite. 1. PARRA JACANA. Parra jacana et variabilis, Linn. et Gm. Parra nigra et brasiliensis, Gm. Parra jacana, Max. Beitr. iv. 786. Parra jassana, Schomb. Reise, iii. 759. Jacana du Mexique, Buff. Pl. Enl. 322 (adult). Jacana du Brésil, Buff. Pl. Enl. 846 (juv.). Capite toto cum cervice supera et corpore infra nigris : dorso, alis caudaque clare castaneis: tectricibus caude superioribus purpu- rascente tinctis : remigibus flavescenti-viridibus, nigro extus partim marginatis : hypochondriis et tectricibus subalaribus in- tense castaneis. Hab. South-eastern Brazil (P. Maz.) ; British Guiana (Schomb.) ; Cayenne ; ins. Trinidad. The examples of this bird which I have seen from Guiana and Cayenne appear to be considerably inferior in size to the Brazilian specimen, but I am not yet certain how far this may be due to sexual differences. 2. PARRA INTERMEDIA, Sp. nov. ? ‘* Parra intermedia, Bp.,”’ J. et E. Verreaux, MS. Capite toto cum cervice supera et corpore infra nigris : dorso, alis caudaque obscurius castaneis, purpurascente paululum tinctis : hypochondriis et tectricibus subalaribus brunnescenti-castaneis : remigibus flavescenti-viridibus, nigro extus partim marginatis. Hab. Venezuela (Verreauz). This bird is hardly distinguishable from the P. jacana, except by the browner and more purplish tinge of the back, in which respect it seems intermediate between that species and P. melanopygia. Ney: 283 I should hardly have ventured to separate it specifically on my own authority ; but, as the MS. name has attained circulation, I think it right to point out the apparent differences. 3. PARRA MELANOPYGIA, sp. nov. Capite toto cum cervice supera et corpore infra nigris : interscapulio, alis caudaque purpurascenti-brunneis : dorso imo et tectricibus caude superioribus nigris : hypochondriis et tectricibus sub- alaribus nigris : remigibus flavescenti-viridibus, nigro extus partim marginatis. Hab. 8. Martha in New Grenada (Verreaux). MM. Verreaux’s specimens of this bird are labelled P. hypomelena, but that name is properly applicable to the next species. 4. PARRA HYPOMELENA. Parra hypomelena, Gray & Mitch. Gen. of B. pl. 159. Nigra: alis fusco-nigris purpurascente tinctis : remigibus flaves- centi-viridibus, nigro extus partim marginatis. Hab. New Grenada, S. Martha (Verreaur) ; Bogota (Mus. Brit.) ; Cartagena (Mus. Paris.) ; Chiriqui, Panama (Bridges). B. Species caruncula frontali trilobata : carunculis rictalibus nullis. _ 5. Parra GyMNostToma. Parra gymnostoma, Wagl. Isis, 1831, p- 517. Parra cordifera, Less. R. Z. 1842, p. 135; Desmurs, Icon. Orn. pl. 42. Capite toto cum cervice supera et infra ad medium pectus nigris, @neo micantibus : dorso toto alisque castaneis : uropygio purpuras- cente: abdomine purpurascenti-brunneo : remigibus flavescenti- viridibus, nigro marginatis. Hab. Southern Mexico; Mazatlan (Mus. Brit.); Acapulco (A. Lesson) ; New Grenada, S. Martha (Verreauz) ; Honduras (Dyson). Wagler’s accurate diagnosis of this bird has been generally passed over, and Lesson’s more recent appellation is generally employed for this species. 7. CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS COLLECTED By M. Aveustr SALLeé 1n SouTHERN Mextco, wirn Descriptions or New Species. By Purr Lurury Scuater, M.A., F.Z.S., evc. (Aves, Pl. CXX., CXXI.) M. Auguste Sallé, one of the most active and successful of the ; present generation of travelling Naturalists—on his recent return to Europe from Southern Mexico, brought with him a very fine col- lection of birds obtained principally near the town of Cordova in the State of Vera Cruz, and partially also in the vicinity of the peak of 284 Orizaba in the State of La Puebla. When in Paris a short time since, I had the pleasure of looking through this collection in com- pany with Prince Charles Lucien Bonaparte ; and at his request, and that of M. Sallé, who offered to place a series of the birds in my hands for that purpose, agreed to endeavour to make a complete catalogue of the species. Although I have not been able to devote all the time I could have wished to this object, I have succeeded in ascertaining, without much doubt, the names of the greater part of the known species ; while there are fourteen or fifteen birds in the collection which may be considered as probably unknown to science, and for which I have accordingly proposed new specific appellations. It is quite likely that some of these may have been already named by the American Naturalists, who have recently done so much to extend our knowledge of the Fauna of the northern portion of the New World ; but I have been unable to find any notice of them in the publications of the Scientific Societies of the United States or other works, as far as they have been received in this country up to the present time. Although we have a pretty good general knowledge of Mexican Ornithology—many collections having been made in that country— there has been, as far as I am aware, no attempt made to form any detailed account of the birds inhabiting it, except Mr. Swainson’s im- perfect Synopsis published in the Philosophical Magazine in 1827, and Wagler’s paper on Mexican Animals in the Isis for 1831; and the notices of more recently discovered species are scattered at random through the scientific publications of England, France, Ger- many and America, to the great perplexity of the naturalist. So I may hope that the present list of 233 species found by M. Sallé in Southern Mexico, will be of some use as an Index to the Omithology of that country as far as it goes, and form a foundation on which a more perfect work on the same subject may some day be raised. I may remark, that there are examples of many well-known South American forms in the present collection (such as Nyctidromus, Pipra, Anabates and Formicarius) which have not hitherto been noticed so far north ; the zoology of the hot eastern sea-board, which M. Sallé explored, being, as might have been expected, much more tropical in its character than that of the high table-land of the interior, whence most Mexican collections have hitherto been brought. The occurrence of the examples of the purely Boreal types Cer- thia and Parus so far south (below the parallel of 19' N. L.), is also, I believe, hitherto unrecorded. A notice of these collections of birds by Prince Bonaparte will be found in the Comptes Rendus of the French Academy of Natural Sciences for the month of May of this year, and some of the new species are there shortly indicated. ACCIPITRES. 1. TINNUNCULUS SPARVERIUS (Linn.). Sallé, no. 8. Cordova. 7 oo 285 2. Hyporriorcuis FeMoRALIs (Temm.).—PI. Col. 121 et 343. Sallé, no. 11. Vera Cruz. Hypotriorchis aurantius, Heerman, Pr. Ac. Phil. vii. 177. Observed by Dr. Heerman in New Mexico. 3. ASTURINA MAGNIROsTRIS (Gm.). Sallé, no. 5. 4. Micrastur concentricvs (Less.). Sallé, no. 7. 5. GeRANospiza GRAcILis (Temm.). Sallé, no. 9. Cordova. 6. Ictrn1a pLumBEA (Gm.). Sallé, no. 6. Cordova. 7. Bureo rnsienarus, Cassin, B. Cal. pp. 102 et 198. pl. 31. Sallé, no. 7. Both Prince Bonaparte and M. Jules Verreaux (who are well ac- quainted with Accipitres) agree in considering a single specimen ob- tained by M. Sallé as referable to this curious species. It appears to agree sufficiently with Mr. Cassin’s description and figure of the male bird of B. insignatus. 8. SyRNiuM vircatum, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 18. iv. p- 124; Journ. Ac. Phil. iv. pl. ii. pl. 3.—Syrnium squamulatum, Bp. Consp. p. 53. — Syrnium zonocercus, G. R. Gray, List Accipitr. p. 103.— Macabra squamulata, Bp. MS. Sallé, no. 3. Cordova. 9. ArHENE inFuscata (Temm.), Strickl. Orn. Syn. p- 163. Sallé, no. 4. Cordova. These examples seem to agree with South American specimens. CaPpRIMULGID. 10. NycrrpRomus americanus (Linn.), Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. v. 180.—WN. derbianus, Gould. Does not seem different from South American examples. Sallé, no. 10, g et 2. Cordova. Hirvunpinip2. 11. Coryie serripennis (Aud.).—Hirundo serripennis, Aud. Orn. Biog. iv. p. 593: B. Am. 8vo. i. pl. 51. Sallé, no. 137, gd et 2. Cordova. Momoripz. 12, Momorus Lessoni (Less.).—M. brasiliensis, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Phil. iv. 89? Sallé, no. 48. Cordova. 286 The specimens of this northern representative of M. brasiliensis show some variation. M. Sallé’s example has a smaller bill, less _ black on the head, and less rufous tinge on the breast than a Guati- malan bird, which I refer to the same species. ALCEDINIDZ. 13. CeryLe AMERICANA (Gm.), Cassin, B. Cal. i. p. 255; P.Z.S8. 1855, p. 136. Sallé, no. 68. Cordova. TROGONID. 14. Trocon ca.icatus, Gould, Mon. Trogon. pl. 7. Sallé, no. 71, ¢ et 2. Cordova. 15. TroGcon evetta, Gould, P. Z. 8. 1845, p. 18.—T'rogon xala- pensis, DuBus, Esq. Orn. pl. 5. Sallé, no. 69. Cordova, 3 et ¢. 16. TROGON AURANTIIVENTRIS, Gould, P.Z.S.1856 (May 13th), p- 107.—Trogon sallei, Bp. Compt. Rend. May 1856. Sailé, no. 70. Cordova. Cz REBIDZ. 17. Czresa CYANEA (Linn.), v. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 140. Sallé, no. 113. Cordova. Seems to agree quite sufficiently with South American species. 18. CERTHIOLA MEXICANA, Sp. nov. ? Nigricanti-fusca : capite, alis caudaque nigris : superciliis et speculo alari albis : uropygio flavicante : gutture cinereo: abdomine flavo ; crisso albidiore : rectricibus extimis albo terminatis. Long. tota 5°8, ale 2°1, caudee 1-2. Sallé, no. 114. Some of the various local races of Certhiola fla- veola certainly show such differences as entitle them to specific sepa- ration. The present bird does not appear to be quite the same as any of the nine given by Prince Bonaparte in his ‘ Notes Orn.’ p. 51. It is very closely allied to the Bogota species, which I believe to be the C. luteola, Cab., but may be distinguished by its duller back, less brightly-coloured uropygium and belly, longer bill and shorter wings. 19. Diciossa BariTuLa, Wagl. Isis, 1832, p. 281; Gray, Gen. B. pl. 42. Sallé, no. 116, ¢ et ¢. TROCHILID. T have not myself examined M. Sallé’s collection of Trochilide, but he has kindly furnished me with the names of twenty-five species, which he obtained, as determined by himself and M. Bourcier. 287 20. Paarraornis ADoLPHI.—Pyymornis adolphi, Sallé, MS. Mr. Gould will shortly publish a figure of this new species. 21. Lampornts prevosti (Boure. & Muls.), R. Z. 1843, p. 99. 22. CaMPYLOPTERUs PAMPA (Less.), Ois. Mouch. Suppl. pl. 15; Bp. Consp. p. 71 ; Gould, Mon. Trochil. x. pl. 11. 23. CAMPYLOPTERUS DELATTRII (Less.), R. Z. 1839, p. 14; Gould, Mon. Trochil. x. pl. 10. 24. Cotrsris rHatassina (Sw.), Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 441; Bp. Consp. p. 69 ; Gould, Mon. Trochil. y. pl. 5. 25. HELIoMASTER CONSTANTII ( Delattre), Gould, Mon. Trochil. v. pl. 10. 26. CaLiceNna rucEns (Sw.), Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 341.—Orn. rivolii, Less. 27. MytaBEILLiA TyPIca, Bp. ; Gould, Mon. Trochil. viii. pl. 7. 28. DELATTRIA HENRICI (Less.), Bp. Consp. p. 70; Gould, Mon. Trochil. viii. pl. 14. 29. Devatrria rHAmt (Less.), R. Z. 1838, p- 315, 30. DELATTRIA CLEMENCLE (Less.), Gould, Mon. Trochil. ix. pl. 10. _ 31. Cyanomyra QUADRICOLOR (Vieill.), Gould, Mon. Trochil. ix. pl. 9. 32. AMAZILIUS ARSINOE (Less. ), Bp. Consp. p. 77. 33. AMAZILIUS DUBUSI (Bourc.), 1852, ubi? Is this species really distinct from A. rieffert (Boure.), R. Z. 1843, p- 103? I cannot see any difference in Mr. Gould’s examples of these two species. 34. AMAZzILIUS CERVINIVENTRIS, Gould, P. Z. S. 1856, June 10th. 35. Sporapinus caniyett (Less.), Colibris, Suppl. pl. 37. Perhaps this may be 8. auriceps, Gould (Cont. Orn. 1852, p. 137), which appears to be the Mexican representative of S. caniveti. 36. THAUMATIAS CANDIDUS, Bourc. Ann. Sc. Lyons, 1846; Bp. Consp. p. 78. 37. Basiuinna Levcoris (Vieill.). — Orn. arsenit, Less. Ois, Mouch. pl. 9, Suppl. pl. 27. 38. TRocuiLvus coxusris, Linn, SE at 288 39. SELASPHORUS PLATYCERCUS (Sw.), Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 441. —0O. tricolor, Less., Gould, Mon. Trochil. iii. pl. 7. 40. SELAspHORUS HELOISz (Less. & Del.), R. Z. 1839, p. 15; Gould, Mon. Trochil. viii. pl. 2. 41. CaLorHorax LucirER (Sw.), Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 442; Bp. Consp. p. 85. 42. CALOTHORAX ELIZA (Less. & Delattre).—T*. eliza, Less. & Del. R. Z. 1839, p. 20. 43. THAUMASTURA DuPONTI (Less.). — Tryphaena duponti, Gould, Mon. Trochil. i. pl. 14. 44. LopHorNis HELEN (Delattre), Gould, Mon. Trochil. x. pl. 6. CERTHIIDS. 45. SYNALLAXIS ERYTHROTHORAX, Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1855, p. 75. pl. Ixxxvi. Sallé, no. 109. Cordova. This is the only bird of the genus which I have as yet seen from north of the Isthmus of Panama. 46. ANABATES RUBIGINOSUS, sp. nov. Sallé, no. 102. Cordova. Saturate brunneus ; pileo obscuriore: alis extus, uropygio et cauda tota cum pectore saturate rubiginoso-rufis ; gula clariore: ventre dorso concolore sed medialiter pallidiore : tectricibus subalaribus clare rubiginosis : rostro forti, crasso, recto, nigricante, basi pallida: pedibus nigricanti-plumbeis. Long. tota 8°0, alee 3°7, caudze 3°3, rostri a rictu 1°2. This fine Anabates is of the same strong form as 4. ferruginolen- tus (Max.), but has shorter wings and rather a stiffer tail. I know of no species that resembles it much in colouring. 47. ANABATES CERVINIGULARIS, Sp. NOV. Sallé, no. 104. Cordova. Supra saturate brunneus ; pileo nigro: dorso summo nigricante ad- umbrato : plumis medialiter pallidioribus : loris, superciliis longis et cervicis lateribus clare rufis : gutiure dilutiore, pallide cervino : abdomine flavescenti-brunneo lateraliter obscuriore : alarum pennis nigris eatus brunneo limbatis, subtus autem cum tectricibus sub- alaribus clare rufis: uropygio et crisso cum cauda tota saturate rubiginoso-rufis : rostro validiusculo, recto, corneo, basi autem flavicante : pedibus pallide brunneis. Long. tota 7°5, ale 3°6, caude 3-0. This species is not quite so strong in form as the last, and has not so thick a bill. In colouring it somewhat resembles 4. atricapillus, but is much larger than that bird. The sexes are coloured alike. 289 48. ANABAZENOPS VARIEGATICEPS, Sp. nov. Sallé, no. 204. Cordova. Sexes alike. Supra brunneus : pilet pennis olivaceis, nigro angustissime circum- cinctis et scapis plumarum flavicantibus : superciliis longis rufis : loris et regione auriculari nigris: mento et gutture toto ochra- cescenti-albidis: abdomine pallide brunneo: cauda clare rubigi- noso-rufa: tectricibus subalaribus flavicanti-ochraceis: rostro pallide corneo, basi flavicante : pedibus pallide brunneis. Long. tota 6:0, ale 3°3, caudee 2°7. This bird closely resembles Anabazenops rufo-superciliatus (Lafr.), but may be recognized at once by the darker, browner back, and the variegated head, which in the latter species is of the same greenish brown as the back. In the present bird also there is not that decided mottled plumage on the breast observable in the other species, although there are slight indications of it on the sides of the neck. 49. XENOPS MEXICANUS, Sp. nov. Rufescenti-olivaceus, capite obscuriore, uropygio rufo: loris albi- dis: stria superciliari angusta ochraceo-flavida : regione auricu- lari ochraceo-flavida, nigro mixta : penicilla utrinque sub re- gione auriculari alba: subtus dorso similis sed minus rufescens, mento et gutture medio ochracescenti-albidis: alis nigris: vitta lata per remiges cum secundariarum interiorum marginibus et terminationibus necnon secundariis dorso proximis rufis: cauda rufa: rectricibus duabus utrinque submedialibus omnino et rectri- cum his proximarum parte basali nigris, duabus mediis et una utrinque extima omnino rufis: rostro nigro, basi inferiore albi- cante: pedibus nigris. Long. 4°6, alee 2°7, caude 2:1. Obs. Affinis Xenopi genibarbi, sed crassitie majore et colore sub- tus olivascentiore necnon gula ochracescenti-albida distinguendus. 3 et ? similes. Sallé, no. 115. Cordova. 50. DENDRORNIS FLAVIGASTRA (Sw.).—2Xiphorhynchus flavi- gaster, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 440.—Nasica flavigaster, Latr. R. Z. 1850, p. 383; DesMurs, Icon. Orn. pl. 52. Sallé, no. 97. Cordova. ~ 51. DENDRORNIS TRIANGULARIS (Lafr.), R. Z. 1842, p. 134, 1850, p. 418, et Mag. de Zool. 1843, pl. 32. Sallé, no. 99. Cordova. 52. PicouapTes AFFINIS, Lafr. R. Z. 1850, p. 275? ~Sall¢, no. 98. Cordova. M. Sallé has brought home a single bird of this difficult group which I refer with some doubt to P. aff- nis, Lafr. No. CCCXIX.—PRoOcEEDINGS OF THE ate ple ie Society. 290 53. SrrrasoMus syLvio1DEs, Lafr. R. Z. 1849, p. 331, et 1850, p- 590. Sallé, no. 100. Cordova. 54. SCLERURUS MEXICANUS, Sp. nov. Sallé, no. 101. Cordova. Brunnescenti-olivaceus, pileo paulo obscuriore ; wropygio cum cer- vice et pectore antice saturate rufis: mento albescentiore: alis nigris brunneo limbatis, rectricibus nigris, marginibus ewternis brunnescentibus : rostro nigro ; basi inferiore albicante: pedibus nigerrimis. Long. tota 6°5, alee 3°2, caudze 2°2. M. Sallé’s collection contains four examples of this interesting bird, which has never previously come under my notice. One marked as a female has the bill rather longer than the others, but does not otherwise differ from them. It may be at once distinguished from the Brazilian 8. caudacutus (to which it shows great general resem- blance) by its smaller size. Hartlaub’s 8. fuscus (R. Z. 1844, p. 370) seems to be larger, and differently coloured. 55. CerTHIaA MExIcANA, Reich. Handb. d. Sp. Orn. p. 266. Sallé, no. 106. Ranchos de Suapam. I have not yet had an opportunity of comparing this bird with specimens of C. americana. 56. ScyTALOPUS PROSTHELEUCUS, Sp. nov. Sallé, no. 112. Cordova. Supra brunneus, dorso rufescente: superciliis longis albis: lateri- bus capitis nigris albo variegatis: subtus albus ; lateribus cinera- ceis, ventre imo et crisso rufescentibus: alis fusco-nigris extus rufescenti-brunneo transvittatis: tectricum apicibus albo macu- latis: cauda tota nigricante et rufescenti-brunneo tessellata: rostro nigro: pedibus brunneis. Long. tota 3°8, alee 2-2, caudee 1°0. This Mexican species much resembles in colouring a Bogota bird in my collection, which I somewhat doubtfully refer to S. griseicollis, Lafr., but differs from it in having the lower parts cinereous and not white. 57. TROoGLOpYTES PALusTRIS (Wilson), Am. Orn. pl, xii. fig. 4. Sallé, nos. 107 et 210. Romatlan. 58. TRoGLoDYTES HYEMALIS, Vieill., Wils. Am. Orn. pl. 8. fig. 6. Sallé, no. 108. El Jacale. 59. TuryoTHoRvs MacuLirectus, Lafr. R. Z. 1845, p. 338. Sallé, no. 111. Cordova. 60. CampyLorHyNCcHUS zonatTus (Less.), Cent. Zool. pl. 70. Sallé, no. 59. Cordova. 291 MNI0oTILTINz. 61. Mytoriira varia (Linn.). Sallé, no. 128, 3 et 2. 62. Hetmiruerros soxirartus (Wilson), Am. Orn. t. 15. fig. 4. Sallé, no. 125. Cordova. 63. HeLMITHEROS RUBRICAPILLUS (Wilson), Am. Orn. t. 27. fig. 3, Sallé, no. 126. Cordova. 64. HetmirHEros ? Sallé, no. 123. Cordova, 3. Olivaceus : pileo cinereo: capite laterali et gutture toto cum pectore et ventre medio albidis: lateribus flavescenti-olivaceis. Long. tota 4:2, alee 2-2, caudz 1-6. This bird seems in plumage rather to resemble the female of Tri- chas macgillivraii as figured by Audubon (B. Amer. 8yo. ii. pl. 100. fig. 2), but certainly in my judgement belongs to this genus. 65. Rurmampuus coronatus (Linn.). Sallé, no. 120. Cordova, av. juv. 66. Rutmampuus PensiLis (Gm.). Sallé, no. 211. 67. RuimampuHus VIRENS (Gm.). Sallé, no. 118. 68. Ruimampuus oxivaceus (Giraud).—Sylvia olivacea, Gi- raud, B. Texas, p. 14. pl. 7. fig. 2.— Sylvicola teniata, DuBus, Bull. Ac. Brux. xiv. p. 104; P. Z. 8. 1855, p. 66; Cassin, B. Cal. i. pl. 48. p. 283. Sallé, no. 191. 69. Myroprocres mirratvs (Lath.), Bp. Consp. p. 315. Sallé, no. 121. Cordova. 70. MytopiocTEs PusILLus (Wilson), Bp. Consp. p. 315. Sallé, no. 122. 71. Euruiypis Lacrymosa, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 19 (note).— Basileuterus, sp. 10; Bp. Consp. p. 314. Sallé, no. 131. Cordova. 72. BAsILEUTERUS RUFIFRONS (Sw.).—Setophaga rujifrons, Sw. An. in Men. p. 294; Bp. Consp. p. 314. Sallé, no. 124. 292 73. BASILEUTERUS BRASIERI (Giraud).—Muscicapa Brasierit, Giraud, B. Texas, pl. 6. fig. 2.—B. eulicivorus, Cab. Mus. Hein. p- 17; Bp. Consp. p. 313; P. Z. S. 1855, p. 66. Sallé, no. 127, ¢ et 2 similes. Cordova. 74, SETOPHAGA RUTICILLA (Linn.). Sallé, no. 174. 75. Seropwaca picta, Sw. Zool. Ill. n.s. pl. 3; Bp. Consp. p- 312. Sallé, no. 188. 76. SETOPHAGA MINIATA (Sw.).—Muscicapa miniata, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 368. — Muscicapa vulnerata, Wagler, Isis, 1831, p- 520.—Muscicapa derhamii, Giraud, B. Texas, pl. 3. fig. 2. Sallé, no. 81. 77. GRANATELLUS SaLL#1 (Plate CXX.).—“‘Setophaga sallai, Bp. et Sclater ;” Bp. Compt. Rend. 1856, May. Sallé, no. 129. Cordova. Ceruleo-plumbea, superciliis vix obscurioribus: litura postoculart alba: genis gulaque plumbescentibus: pectore et abdomine medio cum crisso rosaceo-coccineis : lateribus postice albis: alis cauda- gue nigricantibus, plumbeo extus marginatis: rostro crasso, pau- lulum incurvo, nigricanti-plumbeo ; vibrissis fere nullis: pedibus pallide brunneis. Long. tota 52, alee 2°4, caudze 2°3. This very pretty bird, of which M. Sallé only procured a single specimen, is, I think, upon reconsideration hardly to be placed in the genus Setophaga, although so closely resembling many species of that genus in its style of colourmg. The bill is quite different from that of Setophaga, and is more like that of Nemosia, being even thicker than in some species of the latter form, but rather more in- curved. The characters given by Prince Bonaparte for his genus Granatellus (founded upon a bird figured in an unpublished plate of DuBus’s Esquisses Ornithologiques) seem to agree better with this bird, and from the description of the only species of that genus (which I have never seen) I cannot help thinking that it may have something to do with the present bird. I therefore place them for the present in the same genus. 78. CARDELLINA RUBRA (Sw.). — Setophaga rubra, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 368; Cassin, B. Cal. pl. 43. p. 265.—Parus leucotis, Giraud, B. Texas, pl. 4. fig. 2. Sallé, no. 119. El Jacale. 79. TRicHAaS MARILANDICA (Linn. ), Wils. Am. Orn, pl. 6. fig. 1. —Trichas personatus, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 433. Sallé, no. 130. 293 80. TricHas DELAFIELDI, Audub. Orn. Biogr. v. p. 307; B. Am. 8yo. ii. p. 81. pl. 103. Sallé, no. 209. _M. Sallé’s specimens seem to agree with Audubon’s figures and descriptions of Trichas delafieldi. ERITHACIN2. 81. Sratia witsont (Sw.), Wils. Am. Orn. pl. 3. fig. 5. Sallé, no. 85 bis. Cerro del Gallego ; Cordova. 82. Sravia MExIcANA, Sw. North. Zool. ii. p. 202 (note).—S. occidentalis, Townsh. Journ. Ac. Phil. vii. p. 188; Aud. B. Am. 8vo. ii. pl. 135.—S. c@ruleicollis, Vig. Zool. Beechey’s Voy. Pacif. pl. 3. Sallé, no. 85. PaRINz. 83. PARUS MERIDIONALIS, Sp. nov. Sallé, no. 167. El Jacale. Supra cinereus; alis caudaque nigricantibus brunnescenti-cinereo limbatis: pileo toto cum nucha, gutture et cervice antica nigerri- mis: genis et capite laterali albis: abdomine cinereo brunnescente tincto ; pectore et ventre medio albidis: rostro nigro: pedibus plumbeis. Long. tota 4°8, ale 2°65, caudz 2°3. This Titmouse is a very close ally of Parus atricapillus and Parus carolinensis. Iam sorry I have not been able to compare it with authentic specimens of those species, but, as far as I can judge from Mr. Cassin’s excellent synopsis of American Parine given in his * Birds of California,’ it would appear—as by the locality it comes from would seem most probable—to be distinct from either of those species. From P. carolinensis it appears to differ in its greater size, being nearly half an inch longer than the dimensions assigned to that bird by Mr. Cassin. It would hardly seem likely that it is the same as P. atricapillus, which is an inhabitant of the more northern states of the Union, and the slightly inferior size and white medial line on the lower parts seem to distinguish it from that species. SITTINZ. 84. SiTTa CAROLINENSIS, Latham. Sallé, no. 199. MoraciLuinz. 85. Henicocicuia AURICAPILLA (Gm.), Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 15. Sallé, no. 59. 86. ANTHUS LUDOVICIANUs (Gm.). Sallé, no. 200. 294 87. AnTHus ——? Sallé, no. 201. TURDINE. 88. Turpus micRAToRivs, Linn., Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 368. Sallé, no. 54. Rotosinapam. 89. Turpus TrRistis (Sw.).— Merula tristis, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 369. — Turdus grayi, Bp. P. Z. 8. 1837, p. 118; Consp. p- 272.—Turdus helvolus, Licht. in Mus. Berol. Sallé, no. 53. Cordova. 90. Turpus mustEeLinus, Gm., Wils. Am. Orn. pl. 2. fig. 1. Sallé, no. 58. Cordova. 91. CATHARUS AURANTITIROSTRIS (Hartlaub).—Turdus aurantit- rostris, Hartl. R. Z. 1850, p. 158; Cont. Orn. 1851, pl. 72. p. 80.— Catharus immaculatus, Bp. Consp. p. 278. Sallé, no. 164. Cordova. I have not had an opportunity of comparing these specimens with Venezuelan examples, but, judging from the published figures and descriptions, I can detect vo great difference. 92. Mimus carutescens (Sw.).— Orpheus cerulescens, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 369; Temm. Pl. Col. 498. Sallé, no. 56. Cordova. 93. Mimus CAROLINENSIS (Linn. ), Wils. Am. Orn. pl. 20. fig. 3. Sallé, no. 57. Cordova. 94, Mrmus tonetrostaris {Lafr.).— Orpheus longirostris, Lafr. R. Z. 1838, p. 54; Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 81. Sallé, no. 93. Cordova. FoRMICARIIDE. 95. GRALLARIA GUATIMALENSIS, Prevost, Zool. Venus, pl. 2.— Chameza guatimalensis, Bp. Consp. p. 204. Sallé, no. 52. Cordova. This fine Grallaria is a typical species of the gemis, a strict northern representative of Graullarie rex and imperator, and by no means to be placed among the Chameze. 96. FoRMICARIUS MONILIGER, Sp. Nov. Supra brunnescenti-olivaceus, colli lateribus et uropygio rufescen- tioribus, pileo nigricantiore: macula in loris triangulari alba: gutiure toto nigro, infra vitta angusta rufa cincta: abdomine toto nigricanti-griseo, lateribus et crisso olivaceo perfusis: regione oculari nuda: tectricibus subalaribus ochraceis, nigro variegatis : caude parte apicali nigra: rostro nigro : pedibus clare brunneis. Sallé, no. 105, ¢ et ? similes. Cordova. 295 A typical Formicarius, a close ally of F. cayanensis, analis, &c., but distinguished by its black throat, bordered beneath by a narrow band of rufous ; white triangular spot on the lores; and other dif- ferences. It is the first of the form found to occur so far north. 97. THAMNOPHILUS DOLIATUS (Linn.). Sallé, no. 65, 3 et 2. TYRANNIDS. 98. TopIROSTRUM CINEREIGULARE, sp. nov. Olivaceum: alis caudaque nigris, flavicante olivaceo limbatis : orbi- tis antice nigricantibus : loris albidis: subtus gutture et cervice cinereis aut potius albis cinereo dense striolatis : pectore olivaceo : abdomine toto et tectricibus subalaribus flavis : rostro compres- siusculo, crassiusculo ; culmine carinato, incurvo ; colore nigri- cante, tomiis pallidis : pedibus pallide brunneis. Long. tota 3:6, alee 1-7, caudee 1°2, Sallé, no. 89, ¢. Cordova. This Todirostrum differs slightly in the form of the bill from the ordinary members of the genus, that part being rather thicker, and with the culmen elevated and more incurved than in the typical species of the group. 99. MuscivoRa MEXICANA, sp. nov. ** Megalophus mexicanus, Kp.,”’ Bp. MS. Brunnea: uropygio, cauda tota et corpore subtus flavescenti-ochra- ceis, gutture albidiore: alis extus ochraceo punctatis et subtus (nisi primariorum apicibus) omnino ochraceis: crista ampla, aureo-flava, cerulescente eneo terminata: rostro productiore quam in M. regia: pedibus flavidis. Long. tota 6:0, alee 3°3, caudze 2°8, rostri a rictu 1°3. Sallé, no. 78. Cordova. M. Sallé’s collection contains a single example of this interesting bird, which however was not procured by himself, and is unfortu- nately not in very good condition. It is probably the Megalophus mexicanus of Dr. Kaup, which I have seen indicated in Prince Bo- naparte’s MS., but which I believe is merely an unpublished name. From the common Muscivora regia, to which it offers a close general resemblance, it may be distinguished by its longer bill, and having the base of the crest of a paler yellower tint, and the tips with less purplish colouring. The Muscivora castelnauii (Onychorhynchus castelnaui, Deville, R. Z. 1849, p. 56), the only second member of the genus hitherto known, from Eastern Peru, on the other hand appears to have a shorter bill and more reddish crest than the typical species. 100. PLratyruyNcHUs CANCRoma (Licht.), Bp. Consp. p. 183. Sallé, no. 90. Cordova, ¢ et ? similes. I can find no difference between these and S. American specimens, 296 101. CycLorHYNCHUS BREVIROSTRIS, Cab. Orn. Notiz. in Wiegm. Arch. 1847, p. 249. Sallé, no. 82. Cordova. This bird is readily distinguished from the Brazilian C. olivaceus by its shorter and more rounded beak. 102. PyrocEPHALUS RUBINEUS (Bodd.).—Tyrannula coronata, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 367; Cassin, B. Cal. pl. 18. p. 127. Sallé, no. 94, d et $. Cordova. 103. TyRANNULA SULPHUREIPYGIA, Sp. nov. Sallé, no. 84. Cordova. Olivacea : pilei crista mediali flava: uropygio pallide sulphureo : alis caudaque nigris, secundariis extus brunnescente limbatis : subtus flavicanti-brunnea, gula et ventre medio flavis. Long. tota 52, alee 2°8, caudee 2°3. Obs. Aff. T. barbate ex America Meridionali, sed statura majore, colore uropygii pallidiore et corporis subtus brunnescentiore distin- guenda. 104. TyrannuLa -—? Sallé, no. 88, ¢ et 2 similes. Cordova. 105. TyRANNULA ? Sallé, no. 92, 2. Cordova. 106. TyRaANNULA ? Sallé, no. 83, d. Cordova. 107. TyRANNULA ——? Sallé, no. 95. ‘ These little Tyrants are in such a sad state of confusion at present, that it only makes matters worse to attempt to describe new species. 108. MronecTes oLEaGtinus (Licht.), Bp. Consp. p. 187. Sallé, no. 91. Cordova. M. Sallé’s specimens seem to agree with South American examples. 109. Savornis NIGRICANS (Sw.).—Tyrann. nigricans, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 367. Sallé, no. 86. Cordova. 110. Myrarcuus mexicanus (Kp.), P. Z.S. 1851, p. 51? Sallé, no. 77. Cordova. 111. Exania Texensis (Giraud).—Musc. texensis, Giraud, B. Texas, pl. 1.—Tyr. cayennensis, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 367. Sallé, no. 76, 3 et similes. Hardly distinct from Elenia cayennensis. The back is rather more tinged with green, and there is more white on the front than 297 in the South American bird. The dimensions are perhaps slightly larger, and the bill longer. 112, ELa&NIA VARIEGATA, Sp. nov. Sallé, no. 80. Cordova, 3 et ? similes. Supra brunnea, olivascente tincta, marginibus plumarum pallidiori- bus : alis caudaque nigricantibus, illarum tectricibus extus albo marginatis : pileo et capitis lateribus nigris : crista mediali flava : superciliis a fronte circum nucham conjunctis, albis : subtus pal- lide flava, gutture albo, striga utrinque rictali nigra: pectore nigricante flammulato : rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 6°2, ale 3°7, caude 2°6. Obs. Affinis Llenie albicolli (Vieill.) ex America Meridionali sed crassitie majore : coloribus letioribus. 113. EvzN1a 2 Sallé, no. 93. Cordova, 2. (114, Minvunus Tyrannus (Linn.). Sallé, no. 79. Plains of Vera Cruz. 115. Tyrannus MELANCHOLICUS, Vieill.— M. fureata, Spix, Avy. Bras. ii. p. 15. pl. 19. Sallé, no. 208. 116. Tyrannus aupax (Gm.)? Sallé, no. 87. Cordova. M. Sallé’s examples of this bird are much more brightly coloured than any S. American specimens which have come under my obser- vation. The belly is also wholly of a pale sulphur-yellow, instead of being only tinged with that colour. When the group is properly worked out, this will probably be found to constitute a sufficiently distinct. species. 117. TyRanNus cooPeERri (Nutt.), Aud. Orn. Biogr. ii. p. 422? Sallé, no. 207. 118. Pirancus pDERBIANUS (Kp.).—Saurophagus derbianus, Kp. P. Z. 8. 1851, p. 44. pl. 36. — Saurophagus rufipennis, Lafr. R. Z. 1851, p. 471.?.—Saurophagus sulphuratus, Gambel in Journ. Ac. Se. Phil. i. p. 39? Sallé, no. 75. Cordova. TITYRINZ. 119. Trryra mexicana (Less.) : anéea, p. 141. Sallé, no. 67. _ 120. PacuyruamMpuus AGLAL# (Lafr.), R. Z. 1839, p. 98. Sallé, no. 96. Cordova. $ adult. Niger, cristatus, uropygium versus schistacescentior : 298 subtus pallide schistaceus, collo antico late roseo: scapularibus intus, et remigum primariarum (nisi duarum exteriorum) basibus internis albis. $immat. Lrunneus nigro miztus : capite cristato nigro : alis ea- tus rufis : subtus pallidior, collo rosaceo imbuto. 2. Rufescens: alis intus nigris: harum marginibus et cauda tota lete rufis : capite cristato nigro : subtus albescenti-cinnamomeus : tectricibus subaluribus cinnamomeis, Long. tota 6°5, alee 3°5, caudze 2°6. I think that some recent Naturalists have acted rather hastily in uniting together the various rose-necked Becards into one species. The present bird appears to me to be sufficiently distinct from P. pectoralis of Cayenne, and M. de Lafresnaye has already pointed out its difference from the Bolivian P. roscicollis. From my spe- cimens of the former it may be recognized by its lighter colour below, and the broader rose-coloured bar on the throat. Besides, the second abnormally short primary of the adult male has not the large white blotch on the interior web which is observable in the P. pectoralis. 121. PacHYRHAMPHUS MARGINATUS (Licht.) ? Sallé, no. 184. A single specimen of a bird of the general appearance of the S. American P. marginatus, which has been divided into several subspecies by Dr. Kaup (P. Z. 8. 1851, p. 48), but showing rather broader white margins to the wings and tail. MuscicaPiInz. 122. Poxroprita 2 Sallé, no. 117. Cordova. Three specimens all alike (one of which is marked ‘ male’) seem to agree with the female of the bird figured by Mr. Cassin, Birds of Cal. pl. 27, under the name of C. mexicana. The specimen marked ‘male’ is possibly therefore not adult, as there are no traces of the black cap. VIREONINZ. 123. Vireo sotiTartius (Wilson), Cassin in Pr. Ac. Phil. v. 150. Sallé, no. 133. 124, VirrosyLvia GiLva (Vieill.), Cassin in Pr. Ac. Phil. v. 153. Sallé, no. 123. 125. VIREOSYLVIA FLAVO-VIRIDIsS, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. v. Sallé, no. 205, p. 152. pl. 11. 126. IcreR1A VELASQUEZI, Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 117 ; Consp. p- 331? Sallé, no. 204. NTA I FiJN Levirl t ME 299 The Mexican Icteria seems distinct from the black-billed I. viridis of the United States; but I confess I am wholly unable to decide whether it is the second or third. species of Prince Bonaparte’s Con- spectus. dre there really two Mexican species? and what is the Californian I. longicauda? 127. CycLoruis FLAVIvVENTRIS, Lafr. R. Z. 1842, p. 330. Sallé, no. 162. I have examples of this species from Guatimala. PrIPRINz. 128. Manacus canpet (Parzud.), Bp. Consp. p. 171. Sallé, no. 170. Cordova. M. Sallé obtained only a single specimen of this beautiful Manakin, which was originally brought from Honduras. 129. PipRA MENTALIS, sp. nov. (Plate CXXI.) Sallé, no. 171. Cordova. Nigra: capite toto cum nucha coccineis: mento summo tibiisque plumosis et tectricibus subalaribus flavis. ?. Pallide viridis, subtus paulo dilutior. Long. tota 4°0, alee 2°3, caudee 1°1. This Manakin is a beautiful Mexican representative of P. rubri- capilla and P. chloromeros. From the former it may be distin- guished by its yellow thighs, from the latter by its yellow chin and under wing-coverts. AMPELIN&. 130. AMPELIs CepRORUM (Vieill.), Wagl. Isis, 1831, p. 528. Sallé, no. 134. Cordova. 131. PrinoGonys cinEREvS, Sw., Bp. Consp. p. 335. Sallé, no. 185. 132. MyIADESTES UNICOLOR, sp. nov. Hypothymis cesia, Licht. in Mus. Berol.? Schistacea unicolor, subtus pallidior, ventre albicantiore : remigibus nigris, harum autem (nisi trium extimarum) basibus alula spuria partim celatis, cum marginibus ipsarum et secundariarum apicem versus externis brunnescenti-oleagineis ; hoc colore intus sub ala albidiore: cauda nigra; rectricibus duabus mediis schistaceis, harum duarum utrinque extimarum parte apicali pallidiore et api- cibus ipsis cum margine interna apicem versus albis: rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 7°5, alee 3°8, caudee 3:4. Sallé, no. 150. Cordova, ¢ et 2 similes. This bird is certainly quite distinct from Lafresnaye’s M. obscura, of which I possess examples from Guatimala. Judging from Audu- - “ATS 300 bon’s plate and description it likewise would seem different from P. townshendi, which has been united to Lafresnaye’s species, I believe quite erroneously, by Prince Bonaparte. My impression is that the Berlin Museum specimens, marked “« Hypothymis cesia,” are identical with the present bird ; but as I have no means of verifying that fact, and the name is merely in MS., I think it safer to give it a new appellation. Lafresnaye’s M. obscurus (R. Z. 1839, p. 99), of which I have examples procured near the city of Guatimala by Signor Constancia, may be recognized at once from the present species by its brown back and rufous wing-edgings. GARRULINZE. 133. Ps1LorHINUs MoRIO (Licht.), Bp. Consp. p. 381. Sallé, no. 12. Cordova. M. Sallé has procured a fine series of specimens of this bird, show- ing every variety in the colouring of the bill from black to yellow. 134, Cyanocorax Luxvosus (Less.), DuBus, Esq. Orn. pl. 18 ; Cassin, B. Cal. pl. 1. p. 1.—C. peruvianus, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Phil. iv. p- 89, nec auct. Sallé, no. 47, dg et 2. Cordova. 135. CyANOcITTA FLORIDANA (Bartram), Bp. Consp. p. 377. Sallé, no. 186. Prince Bonaparte identifies a somewhat immature bird in M. Sallé’s collection as belonging to this rare species. STURNIDZ. 136. QuiscaLUs MACRURUS, Sw., Bp. Consp. p. 424. Sallé, no. 130. Cordova, ¢ et ?. Maris long. tota 19°0, alee 8-9, caudze 9°0; foeminze long. tota 14:5, alee 6°3, caude 6°8. ? 137. QuiscALUS Sallé, no. 29, d et 2. Nigro-nitens unicolor, rostro et pedibus nigerrimis. Long. tota 10°8, alee 5:2, candze 5:2. 138. Motorurus £NeEvs (Wagl.), Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 192, note. Sallé, no. 28. Cordova, ¢ et 2. 139. Cacicus MONTEZUM (Less.), Cont. Zool. pl. 7.—C. &i- fasciatus, Spix ?—Ostinops bifasciatus, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 187. Sallé, no. 26. Cordova, ¢ et 2. Castaneus : capite toto cum corpore subtus nigricantibus, hoc colore ventrem versus in castaneum transeunte: tibiis et alis subtus 301 nigris : cauda flavissima : rectricibus duabus mediis solum nigris : rostro nigro, dimidio apicali ruberrimo. Long. tota 17:0, alee 9-3, caudee 7:0. 2. Mari similis, sed minor. Long. tota 14:0, alze 7:6, caude 6:0. 140. CasstcuLus prevosri (Less.), Bp. Consp. p. 428. Sallé, no. 27. 141. SrurNeLLA urppocrepis, Wagl., Isis, 1832, p- 281; Cas- sin, Pr. Ac. Phil. iv. p. 90. Sallé, no. 135, 2. This bird is clearly distinguishable from the §. udoviciana by its smaller size and the smaller breast-mark. But the name hippocrepis was established upon Cuban specimens. Are they quite the same as this Mexican bird ? 142. IcreRUs MELANOCEPHALUS (Wagl.), Cassin, B. Cal. pl. xxi. p. 137. Sallé, no. 60. 143. IcreRvs MESOMELAS (Wagl.), Isis, 1829, p. 755.—I. atri- gularis, Less. Cent. Zool. pl. 22. p. 73. — Oriolus musicus, Cabot. Boston Journ. N. H. iv. 465. Sallé, no. 61. Cordova. 144. IcrERUS cucULLaTUs, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p.436; Cassin, B. Cal. pl. 8. p. 42. Sallé, no. 63. Cordova, ¢ et 2. 145. IcreRUs pRosTHEMELAS (Strickl.), Cont.Orn. 1850, p- 120. pl. 62. Sallé, no. 63. Cordova. This species has the under tail-coverts yellow. I think the bird resembling this, but with these parts black, which Mr. Strickland mentions in his description of I. prosthemelas, is probably a distinct species ; but the whole group requires to be thoroughly revised and worked out before additional names are given. 146. Banantvorus arrinis (Townshend).—Xanthornus affinis, Townsh. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 1851, p. 113, cum tab. Sallé, no. 146. Cordova, 3, 3 juv. et 2. CoccoTHRAUSTINZ. 147. HeEpYMELES LUDOVICIANUS (Linn.), Wils. Am. Orn. pl. 17. fig. 2. Sallé, no. 154, ¢ et 2. Cordova. 148. GontapHEA CZRULEA (Linn.), Wils. Am. Orn. pl. xxiv. f.6. Sallé, no. 155. Cordova. 302 149. GONIAPHEA PARELLINA (Bp.).— Cyanoloxia parellina, Bp. Consp. p. 502. Sallé, no. 159. Cordova, 2. é. Brunnea unicolor : alis caudaque intus fuscis. Long. tota 5:0, alee 2°6, caudze 2°0. The bill of this specimen is slightly larger than that of a male G. parellina in my collection, but it otherwise agrees with it in di- mensions. 150. GontAPHEA concRETA (DuBus).—Cyanoloxia concreta, DuBus, Bull. Ac. Brux. xxii. p. 150 (1855). Sallé, no. 175. Orizaba. M. Sallé’s collection contains a single specimen of this rare species. 151. CARDINALIS VIRGINIANUS, Bp. Consp. p. 501. Sallé, no. 152, ¢ juv. Cordova. 152. SPERMOPHILA MORELLETI, Bp. Consp. p. 497? Sallé, no. 165. Cordova, 3 juv. et 2. ? juv. Supra rufescenti-cinereus: pileo summo et capitis lateribus cum alis caudaque nigris: tectricum alarium fascia duplici cum speculo primariarum basali et tectricibus subalaribus albis : sub- tus pallide rufescenti-ochraceus, gutture albicante. & junior aut $ rufescenti-olivaceus, subtus dilutior, ochracescentior: alis caudaque fuscis, ochraceo bifasciatis. My belief is that these are both young stages of a black and white species of Spermophila, probably Sp. morelleti, of which I have an adult specimen from Honduras. I have an example of the same bird as M. Sallé’s, showing more black on the back and traces of the pectoral band, from Orizaba, collected by Botteri. Mr. Lawrence’s Sp. albigularis (described in the Annals Lye. N. Y. v. p. 124) is also probably referable to this same species. TANAGRINE. 153. Prrytus potioGasteR, DuBus: antea, p. 66. Sallé, no. 151. Cordova. 154. Satrator arriceps, Less. Cent. Zool. pl. 69 : antea, p. 69. Sallé, no. 49. Cordova. 155. SauraTor MAGNoOIDES, Lafr.: antea, p. 69. Sallé, no. 50. Cordova. 156. BUARREMON BRUNNEINUCHUS (Lafr.): antea, p. 85. Sallé, no. 66. Cordova. 157. CHLOROSPINGUS OPHTHALMICUS (Dubus) : antea, p. 89. Sallé, no. 132. Cordova. a. * = 303 - 158. Lanio avrantrus, Lafr. : antea, p. 119. Sallé, no. 158. Orizaba, 2. 159. Pa@nicornravrts RUBICOIDES (Lafr.).—Saltator rubi- eus, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. iv. 90: antea, p. 120. Sallé, no. 141. Cordova. M. Sallé’s collection contains a fine series of specimens of this bird, showing every stage of transition between the brown plumage of the young and the rosy red of the adult. They appear to be rather variable in size. 160. PyRANGA &xsTIVA (Linn.). Sallé, no. 139. Cordova, 3 et 2. 161. Pyranca ERYTHROMELENA (Licht.): antea, p. 126. Sallé, no. 143, Cordova. 162. Rampnocerus SANGUINOLENTUS (Less.) : antea, p- 132. Sallé, no. 138. Cordova. 163. Tanacra apzas, Licht. : antea, p. 235. Sallé, no. 142. Cordova. 164. Tanacra DIAcomus, Less.: antea, ps 233. Sallé, no. 140. Cordova. 165. EvpHonria ELEGANTISSIMA (Bp.). — Pipra galericulata, Giraud: antea, p. 272. Sallé, no. 147, 166. EvpHonra AFFINIS, Less.: anéea, p. 274, Sallé, no. 213. Orizaba. 167. EvpHonia HIRUNDINACEA, Bp. : antea, p. 278. Sallg no. 148. Cordova. 168. Evpnonra ~—? Sallé, no. 187. Olivacea eneo tincta: pileo antico flavo: abdomine medio et crisso castaneis flavo miztis. Long. tota 3°7, alee 2°4, caude 1-2, This seems to be a female of an undescribed Euphonia. FRINGILLINZ. 169. CurysomiTrRis MEXICANA (Sw.), Phil. Mag. 1827, p- 435. —Fringilla texensis, Giraud, B. Texas, pl. 5. fig. 1. Sallé, no. 149, $. Cordova. 304 170. Curysomitris NoTAaTA (DuBus), Bp. Consp. p. 516. — Carduelis magellanica, Audubon ? Sallé, no. 198, d et 2. Orizaba. 171. Carpopacus HzMoRRHOUS (Licht.).— Carp. frontalis, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 166.—Fring. hemorrhoa, Licht. Preis —Verz. 1831, sp. 57; Wagl. Isis, 1831, p. 525. — Pyrrhula frontalis, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 435. — Pyrrhulinota hemorrhoa, Bp. Compt. Rend. 1856. Sallé, no. 181, ¢. S. Andres Gorion. There is not the least doubt about the perfect distinctness of this bird from Carpodacus rhodocolpus, Cab. Mus. Hein. p. 166 (Carp. familiaris, Mc Call, -Pr. Ac. Se. Phil. vi. p. 61; Cassin, B. Cal. pl. xiii. p. 73), but to which species is Say’s name frontalis really applicable? It appears to me, and I believe Prince Bonaparte is also of the same opinion, that the latter bird is that which ought to bear Say’s name. These two Carpodaci may be distinguished by the following diagnoses :— C. HzmoRRHOUS, fronte et superciliis latis cum gutture toto coccineis. C. rHopoco.tpus, paulo minor : capite toto et gutture cum pec- tore rosaceo-coccineo perfusis. A fourth or, if C. obscurus is a valid species, a fifth American bird of this genus has recently been described by Baird under the name C. cassinii (v. Pr. Ac. Se. Phil. vi. 119). EMBERIZINZ. 172. Sprza crris (Linn.). Sallé, no. 145. Cordova, g et 2. 173. Sp1za cyanea (Linn.). Sallé, no. 166. Cordova, ¢ juv. et ?. 174. VoLATINIA JACARINA (Linn.). Sallé, no. 163. Cordova. 175. PHONIPARA PUSILLA (Sw.), Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1855, p. 159. —Tiaris pusillus, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 438.—Ttaris olivaceus, Cassin in Pr. Ac. Phil. iv. p. 91, et al. auct. nec Linn. Sallé, no. 172. Cordova. 176. Prre1to macuxatus, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 434. Sallé, no. 144. Maltrato. 177. Prr1to ruscus, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 434; Cassin, B. Cal. pl. 17. p. 124? Sallé, no. 168. San Andres Chalchicomula. Dr. Baird has recently separated a bird from this species under the name of P. mesoleucus (Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. vii. p. 119). The 305 present examples do not exactly agree with the characters assigned by him to either ‘of the species, but from its locality there is little doubt of its being the true P. fuscus of Swainson. 178. ArmopHILA RUFESCENS, Sw., Bp. Consp. p. 486. Sallé, no. 156. Cordova. 179. Armopuita surERcILiosA, Sw., Bp. Consp. p. 486. Sallé, no. 158. Cordova. 180. Zonorricuia Mystaca.is, Hartlaub, R. Z, 1852, p. 3, Sallé, no. 192. 181. ZonorricHia —— ? Sallé, no. 194. 182. PasseRcuLUS ALAUDINUS, Bp. Notes Orn. p. 18; Compt. Rend. May 1856. Sallé, no. 169, 6. Cordova. 183. PassercuLus zonarius, Bp. Compt. Rend. 1856, sed DESCRIPTIO NULLA! (= Peuceea lincolni, Aud. ?) Sallé, no. 177, ¢ et 2. Cordova. Supra fuscus nigro striatus, pileo utrinque rufo, medialiter autem (sicut superciliis) fusco: subtus albus, vitta lata pectorali et hy- pochondriis cum crisso pallide rufescenti-fuscis, nigro striatis : gutture quoque albo, nigro sparsim striato: loris albidis : rostro pallido : pedibus flavidis. Long. tota 5:0, alee 2°3, caudze 2°2. 184. PasserRcuLUS 4 Sallé, no. 202. 185. Passercutus ——-? Sallé, no. 196. 186. SprzELua socia.ts (Wilson). Sallé, no. 179. Orizaba. I have a specimen of this same bird procured near Orizaba by M. Botteri. 187. CoruRNICULUS HENSLOW1I, Audub. (teste Bp.). Sallé, no. 161. Cordova. 188. CorurnicuLus ? Sallé, no. 176. Orizaba. 189. CorurRNICcCULUS 2 Sallé, no. 195. . These two birds are both rather obscure in plumage, and are not | very good specimens, No. CCCXX.——Procrrpines or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 306 190. Junco crnEREvs (Sw.), Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 435.—Juaco pheonotus, Wagler, Isis, 1827, p. 526. — Niphea rufidorsis, Licht. Nomencl. p. 43. Sallé, no. 157. El Jacale. There is no question, I believe, that this bird is strictly congeneric with Niphea hyemalis and N. oregona. And all three species ought to bear the generic name Junco, established by Wagler in 1827. 191. EMBERNAGRA RUFIVIRGATA, Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 1851, v. p. 112. pl. 5. fig. 2. Sallé, no. 153. Cordova. 192. GrosPizopsis MELANOTIS, Bp. Compt. Rend. May 1856, note. Sallé, no. 193. This is certainly a remarkable bird, and I hardly know what to make of it. The single specimen obtained is immature, and the wings are unfortunately imperfect. In my opinion, however, it has nothing to do with Passerculus geospizopsis, Bp. (which the author now considers the type of this genus under the name Geospizopsis typus), that bird being, I believe, nothing more than the female of a species of Phrygilus allied to P. unicolor (vide P. Z. 8. 1855, p- 160). 193. Orocorys curysoLa{ma, Wagl. Isis, 1831, p. 525. Sallé, no. The American species of this genus require a searching revision. I have not access to specimens of the other species except the South American O. peregrina. PsItTACcID&. 194. Pronus senrxis (Spix), Av. Bras. i. pl. 31. fig. 1.—Ps. leucorhynchus, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 438. Sallé, no. 1. Cordova. Though this bird is figured as Brazilian by Spix, I believe Southern Mexico to be its true habitat, and that it does not range south of the Isthmus of Panama. 195. Psrrracuna LINEo.LaTA, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Se. Phil. vi. p. 372. —< Myjiopsitta tigrina, Souancé,” Bp. Compt. Rend. May 1856. ‘Sallé, no. 2. Cordova. nas" This is the only example I have yet seen of this interesting Parrot. PiciDz. 196. Dryocopus scapuLaris (Vig.) (teste Malherbio). Sallé, no. 17. Cordova. 197. Dryvocopus reRyTHRopPs (Cuyv.), DesMurs, Icon. Orn. pl. 37 (teste Malherbio). Sallé, no. 18. Cordova, ¢. ; 307 198. Cotapres mexicanus, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 440. Sallé, no. 19. Suapam, ?. 199. MeLANERPES FORMICIVORUS (Sw.), Phil. Mag. 1827, p- 439; Cassin, B. Cal. pl. 2. p. 7—M. melanopogon, Bp. Consp. p- 115. Sallé, no. 22, 3 et ?. My belief is that Malherbe is quite right in separating this species from the South American M. flavigularis (M. formicivorus, Bp. Consp. p. 115. sp. 5, nee Licht.). The two species are rightly di- stinguished by Prince Bonaparte (Consp. p. 115), but his synonymy and localities are both wrong. Both the terms melanopogon and Sormicivorus are primarily applicable to this Mexican species, and the other from the northern portion of S. America must be called flavi- gularis, Malherbe. The female of the present bird has the nape red ; in the other female this part is black. 200. Cenrurus sanracruzl, Bp. P. Z. 8. 1837, p. 116. Sallé, no. 20. Cordova. Agrees with Guatimala specimens. 20.1. CHLORONERPES YUCATANENSIS, Cabot, Bost. Journ. N. H. vy. p. 92.—P. eruginosus, Licht. m Mus. ee Sallé, no. 21, g et 2. Cordova. Clare olivaceus: alis ertus et caude marginibus aurulente brunneis: subtus flavidus, olivaceo transversim dense vittatus: pileo nigri- cante : capite laterali et gula albidis, hac olivaceo striata. 3. Stria superciliari et nucha lata cum macula rictali coccineis. ?. Nucha solum angustiore coccinea. Long. tota 9:0, ale 5:0, caude 3:4. This bird is distinguishable at a glance from the southern C. ru- biginosus (with which it is sometimes united) by its larger size and clear olive-green back. It is commonly known by Lichtenstein’s MS. name. 202. CHLORONERPES OLEAGINEUS, Reichb. Handb. d. Sp. Orn. —P. oleagineus, Licht. in Mus. Berol. Sallé, no. 189, ?. Ex olivaceo-brunneus, dorso aurescentiore : capite et cauda nigri- cantioribus : capitis lateribus albidioribus: alis subtus nigris albo vittatis. Long. tota 5:5, ale 3-9, caudz 2°4. This Mexican species is very closely allied to, if not identical with, C. fumigatus of South America. 203. Picus scaxaris, Wagler, Isis, 1829.—Picus parvus, Cabot, Journ. Boston N. H. Soc. v. p. 92. Sallé, no. 25, d et 2. The bird figured as P. scalaris in the Journ. Ac. Se. Phil. (vol. i. 308 pl. 9. p. 55) is, I believe, not this species, but Pieus nuttalli, Gambel (Picus wilsoni, Malherbe, R. Z. 1849, p. 529), distinguishable from the present by its larger size and purer white below. 204. Prcus varius, Linn., Wils. Am. Orn. pl. 9. fig. 2. Sallé, no. 24. Cordova, ¢ juv. aut ?. 205. Picus sarpinit, Malh. R. Z. 1845, p. 374 (teste Bp.). Sallé, no. 23. El Jacale. 206. Picus canceLLAtus, Wagl. Isis, 1829, p. 510 (teste Bp.). Sallé, no. 23 bis. San Andres, Suapam. RAMPHASTID. 207. RaAMPHASTOS CARINATUS, Sw., Gould, Mon. Ramph. pl. 7, et ed. i. pl. 2. Sallé, no. 14. Cordova. 208. AULACORHAMPHUS PRASINUS, Gould, Mon. Ramph, ed. ii. pl. 47. Sallé, no. 13. Cordova. Cucucip2. 209. Dromococcyx MExiIcANus, Bp. Compt. Rend. May 1856. Sallé, no. 209. Cordova. I agree with Prince Bonaparte that there is little difference between this and the Brazilian D. phesianellus. But M. Sallé’s specimen is not quite adult, and, as the bird is not known to occur in interme- diate localities, I think the species are likely eventually to turn out distinct. 210. Praya mexicana (Sw.), Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 440 ?—Piaya cayana, Cassin, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. iv. p. 91.—Coecyzus viridirostris, Hartl. in Naumannia, ii. pt. vi. p. 55. — Piaya viridirostris, Bp. Compt. Rend. May 1856. Sallé, no. 44. Cordova. Mr. Cassin seems to consider this northern representative of P. cayana “precisely similar”’ to the S. American bird. Prince Bona- parte says it is an excellent species, and applies to it a name of the Prince of Wurtemburg, to which, I believe, no description has been attached, except that it is “certainly distinet from the cayana.” According to what I consider P. eayana (i. e. Cayenne specimens), this species differs in its rather larger size, lighter throat, more cine- reous chest and darker belly. The under surface of the tail is blacker (and not more rufous as Mr. Swainson says) than in the S. American bird. I possess a similar example from Guatimala, and another, barely separable, from Bogota (P. mehleri, Bp. ?). 309 211. CroropHAGa SULCIROSTRIS, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p- 440; Anim. in Menag. p. 322. Sallé, no. 46. Cordova. This bird is badly characterized in Swainson’s original description, but well distinguished in the third part of his ‘Animals in Menageries.’ It may easily be recognized by the longitudinal grooves of the beak. CoLtumB&. 212. CuLora@nas rLAvrrostris, Wael. Isis, 1831, p. 410; Bp. Consp. ii. 52; Lawrence, Ann. Liye. Na¥.v. p: 115. Sallé, no. 31. Cordova. 213. CHLoR@NAS FASCIATA, Say, Bp. Consp. ii. p. 183. — Col. monilis, Vigors in Beechey’s Voy. pl. 10. Sallé, no. 183. 214. CHLor@Nas speciosa (Gm.).— Lepidenas speciosa, Bp. Consp. ii. p. 54. Sallé, no. 32. Cordova. 215. Lepropriza RUFAXILLA (Rich. & Bern.), Bp. Consp. ii. p- 75. Sallé, no. 33. Cordova, 3 et 2. These specimens do not perfectly agree with the South American examples of L. rufazilla in the British Museum. The nape is much bluer, the grey descending over the nape and the neck, which has no bronzy colouring. The sides of the head are paler, and shoulders somewhat lighter, and there is rather more white on the tail. The whole size is somewhat larger, and the wings and tail longer. 216. GroTRYGON MONTANA (Linn.), Bp. Consp. ii. p. 72. Sallé, no. 34. Cordova, 3 et 2. 217. PERISTERA CINEREA (Temm.), Bp. Consp. ii. p. 75. Sallé, no. 37, S et 2. Cordova. 218. ZENAIDA LEUCOPTERA (Linn.).—C. trudeauii, Aud. Sallé, no. 35. Cordova. 219. ZENAIDURA CAROLINENSIS (Linn.), Wils. Am. Orn. y. pl. 43. fig. 1 ; Bp. Consp. ii. p- 84. Sallé, no. 36. Cordova. 220. SCARDAFELLA INCA (Less.), Bp. Consp. ii. p. 85. Sallé, no. 38. Cordova. OponTorHoRIN2. 221. OponTorHorvs GuTTaTus, Gould, Mon. Odont. pl. xxviii. Sallé, no. 40. Cordova. 310 222. OpoNToPHORUS THORACICUS (Gambel).— Ortyx thora- cicus, Gambel, Pr. Ac. Phil. (1847).— Odontophorus lineolatus, Gould, Mon. Odont. pl. xxxii. Sallé, no. 41. Cordova. Mr. Gambel’s name for this bird has every claim to preference over Natterer’s unpublished MS. title. 223. Orryx PECTORALIS, Gould, Mon. Odont. pl. v. Sallé, no. 43. Cordova. PENELOPINE. 224. ORTALIDA POLIOCEPHALA, Wagl., Cassin, B. Cal. p. 267. pl. 44. Sallé, no. 42. Cordova. This seems to be the bird figured by Mr. Cassin as O. polio- cephala, but is it not more like Wagler’s O. vetula? Of this latter the describer says, “cum specie precedenti (i. e. O. vetula) simili non confundenda”’! Vide Isis, 1830, p. 1112. TINAMIDZ. 225. NoTHOCERCUS SALLI, Bp. Compt. Rend. May 1856. Sallé, no. 225. Cordova. ARDEID&. 226. Buroripes virescens (Linn.), Bp. Consp. ii. p. 128. Sallé, no. 16. Cordova. 227. Boraurus LENTIGINOSUS (Mont.), Wils. Am. Orn. pl. 65. fig. 3. Sallé, no. 15. Cordova. ScoLopacip2. 228. GALLINAGO wILsont (Temm.), Wils. Am. Orn. vi. pl. 47. fig. 1; Jard. Wils. Orn. ii. p. 220. Sallé, no. 72. 229. Toranus soviTarius (Wils.), Am. Orn. pl. 58. fig. 3. Sallé, no. 74. Cordova. 230. TRINGOIDES ? Sallé, no, 212 bis. An imperfect skin of a bird in immature state. 231. TrRINGA pecToRaLis, Say, Bp. Am. Orn. iv. pl. 23. fig. 2. Sallé, no. 73. Cordova. 311 232. TrinGa pusiuya, Wilson, Am. Orn. v. p. 32; Aud. B. Am. 8vo, v. p. 280. pl. 337. Sallé, no. 212. 233. QUERQUEDULA CYANOPTERA (Vieill.), Cassin, B. Cal. p. 82. pl. 15. July 22, 1856. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., in the Chair. 1. On a New TANAGER OF THE GENUS CALLISTE. By Puiuie Lurvey Scuarer, M.A., F.Z.S. erc. Mr. P. L. Sclater exhibited two specimens of a new Tanager of the genus Calliste (making a fifty-second species of that form) which he had just received from MM. Jules and Edouard Verreaux of Paris, and characterized it under the name of CALLISTE RUFIGENIS. C. cerulescenti-viridis, interscapulio obscuriore : loris, capitis la- teribus et regione auriculari cum mento summo rufis: alarum remigibus fusco-nigris, cuprescenti-viridi limbatis : cauda fusco- nigra virescente marginata: subtus virescentior quam supra, abdomine medio, tibiis et tectricibus subalaribus albescenti- ochraceis : erisso rufescenti-ochraceo : rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 5:0, alee 2°7, caude 1°7. Hab. Venezuela (Verreauz). Remark.—This Calliste is rather noticeable for showing less de- cided tints of colouring than is usual in birds of this group. It may, I think, most naturally be placed next to Calliste labradorides (Boiss.), but it is readily distinguishable from that species and its congeners by the rufous ear-coverts and want of black colouring on the back. 2. OBSERVATIONS ON THE PrerRopPpus or AUSTRALIA. By J. K. E. FarrHoume. The acquisition of a Flying Fox to the Gardens of the Society, induces me to bring before your notice a few observations I have made on the habits of this animal in the country about Moreton Bay, on the east coast of Australia, about lat. 27° south. The flying fox is well known even in the southern parts of Au- stralia in the summer months ; but by far the largest flights are seen in the warmer latitudes. The attention is generally attracted to them (just as daylight disappears) by the heavy flapping sound of their 312 wings, as they fly in great numbers overhead, all in the same direc- tion. These flights often continue to pass for many hours together on the way to their feeding-places, generally about the banks of rivers, where the tree known as the Flooded-gum grows, on the leaves of which they feed. Though scattered over a large extent of country while feeding at night, they all contrive to assemble again to spend the heat of the day together, and when the flight is large, the scene of congregation is most extraordinary. I am fortunate enough to have known two of these places of assembly—one on a small island in Moreton Bay, covered with dense scrub or jungle ; another in the scrub, close to my former residence, about forty miles inland from the Bay. In the latter spot the scrub consists of the usual under- growth of smaller trees, mixed with dush ropes, or lianes, and over- topped by enormous Moreton Bay pine-trees (Araucaria Cunning- hami). On the nearly horizontal branches of the pines, as well as on the lower trees around, the flying foxes hang in vast numbers. I can never forget my astonishment as I approached this spot for the first time, being taken to it for the purpose of shooting some of the animals for the natives. The space occupied by the flight was, as near as I could judge, about 400 or 500 yards square, and in this, every tree was more or less loaded with them, all hanging with their heads downwards, and uttering a sound difficult to describe, but not unlike that of young rooks when crying for food. All that were not snarling and fighting for places, were steadily fanning themselves with their wings half extended as they hung. On our approach, most of those nearest to us took to flight, only to alight again on the next tree, or to wheel round and round in the air above the spot. On my firing a shot, the din increased, and continued to such an ex- tent, that after I had shot what the blacks required, I was glad to get away from it. Many had young ones clinging to them, and suckling at the breast. This flight met in the same spot for several days, and then disappeared. The flesh of the flying fox is like that of a rabbit in appearance, but is strongly flavoured by the food on which the animal feeds. On the coast of Moreton Bay the natives live principally on fish, and the arrival of the flying foxes on the little island of St. Helena is hailed by them as a change of diet. The flights only appear in the warmer months of the year, even in lat. 26°, and most likely migrate into the tropical latitudes during the colder months, like many of our Australian birds. At Moreton Bay there is no difficulty in procuring any number of young flying foxes, as the island on which they congregate is close to the anchorage for ships. 313 3. First Srers TOWARDS A MONOGRAPH OF THE RECENT Species or Petatoconcuus, A GENUS OF VERMETIDZ. By Puiuie P. CARPENTER. Genus PetaLoconcaus, Lea. H. C. Lea, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1843, vol. ix. p. 229; Woodw. Man. Moll. pt. iii. p. 462; B.M. Cat. Mazatlan Moll. p. 308. Animal ignotum. Operculum (speciebus ii.) parvum, corneum, diaphanum, tenuis- simum, parum concavum ; cicatrice centrali; anfractibus paucis, viz apparentibus. Testa extus Bivonie similis; intus transversim rarissime sep- tata ; anfractibus medianis laminis elongatis spiralibus varie dispo- sitis, cameram sepe pene secantibus; plerumque duabus, plica columellart una. Hab, Mare Mediterraneum ; Oceanum Atlanticum, Pacificum, Indicum. Shell of corkscrew growth, glomerate, or single, affixed by one side of the whirls; earlier and later whirls open; middle whirls divided by spiral laminz, often of complex structure, which gra- dually pass away at each end; generally two, nearly meeting, with a third rudimentary, forming a columellar ‘plait. The elimination of the species is a work requirmg great care; as some outside exactly resemble certain species of Bivonia; and as the internal structure varies according to the position in which the shell is broken, a few whorls often altering the character very deci- dedly. The structure was first observed by Lea in fossil species ; it was not noticed, however, in subsequent works till the publication of the third part of Woodward’s Manual. In the mean time, having carefully observed the structure in the Mazatlan species, Dr. Gray kindly allowed me to examine the specimens in the British Museum collection, and Mr. Cuming entrusted to my care the suspected specimens among his invaluable stores. The result of these inqui- ries is now offered, simply as a provisional introduction to the sub- ject; in the hope that those who have the means of laying open specimens from top to bottom will do so, and especially that those who have access to them in a living state will inquire what pecu- liarity in the animal is co-ordinate with so remarkable a structure in the shell. A. Laminis ab azxi procedentibus. I. PETALOCONCHUS MACROPHRAGMA, 0. s. (fig. 1.) B.M. Mazatlan Cat. no. 359. p. 309. P. t. parva, dextrali, dense purpureo-fusca ; cylindracea, solute spirali, marginibus spire sepe subparallelis ; plerumque glome- rante, interdum solitaria; basi ad conchas, seu altera ad al- teram, constricte adherente, sepe erodente ; superficie rugis 314 irregularibus spiralibus haud extantibus, et rugulis incrementi ornata ; intus, anfr. primis et ultimis quoad iv. apertis ; mediis laminatis ; lamina superiore multo majore, prius con- spicua, a columella extante; primum simplici; dein angulo recto reflexa, extus carinis 1.-lii. guarum ii. acutissime ; la- mina inferiore simplici, a columella extante, altere juxta carinam fere attingente ; lamina tertia minima, intercalante, inferiori pene attingente ; laminis tenuissimis, albis, diaphanis, lineis inerementi conspicuis ; pagina interna maxime nitente, transversim haud septato. Diam. spire *23, aperture 07. Hab. Mazatlan; haud rare Uvanillis, Cumis, Muricibus, &c., adheerentes ; Reigen. Panama. Mus. Cuming. In this little species, the structure is the most delicate and com- plex of any of the species examined. For particulars v. B.M. Cat. 2. PETALOCONCHUS COCHLIDIUM, 2. s. (fig. 2.) P. t. irregulariter spirali, glomerata, anfr. plurimis confertis ; spire marginibus fere parallelis; dense rubro-fusca; rugis spiralibus iil. in basi aliis, interstitiis cancellatis, profunde in- terpunctatis ; sculptura sepe obsoleta; intus, laminis duabus ab axi procedentibus, tenuissimis ; superiore majore, ad angu- lam obtusam curvata, carinis duabus validis labrum versus in- structa ; inferiore minore, alteram versus procedente, interstitio satis magno ; lamina tertia parva intus super inferiorem sita. Diam. spire *2, aperture ‘08 poll. Hab. Australia. Mus. Cuming. This species is known from P. macrophragma by the upper lamina being bent at a more obtuse angle, and by the third lamma being proportionally large, growing out of the second. The shell is of a lighter colour, and of larger growth. Occasionally other small keels and plaits are seen. In one specimen (near the attachment of the locality ticket) occurs the extremely unusual appearance of a septum traversing the lamine. Sometimes there is a false appear- ance of septa in shells of this genus, from other Vermetide growing in the same group, or from adventitious matter. 3. PETALOCONCHUS FLAVESCENS, ? n. s. (fig. 3.) P. t. irregulariter spirali, glomerata, parva ; anfractibus maxime confertis, marginibus spire subparallelis ; rubido-flavescente ; rugis spiralibus iii.-iv. validis, transversis minoribus, confertis, interstitiis parum punctatis ; sculptura interdum obsoleta ; intus per maximam partem laminata, laminis duabus ab axi procedentibus, tenuissimis ; superiore majore, fornicata ; infe- riore recta, interstitio magno; per anfractus paucos lamina superiore bicarinata, per anfr. pauciores lam. inferiore bifur- cata, laminulis subparallelis. Diam. spire “14, aperture -06 poll. Hab. Sicilia. Mus. Cuming. This shell may have been already described by Phil. as a Vermetus, 315 but as the Bivonie can hardly be discriminated from the Petalo- conchi by external characters, it seemed presumptuous to attempt a union. Shell externally closely allied to B. subcancellata, Phil., from which it is principally known by the smaller size and stronger sculpture. Internally it most resembles P. cochlidium, from which it may be distinguished by the absence of keels on the upper lamina during a large part of the length ; and by the general absence of the third plait, which, when it appears, is like another fold of the lower lamina in the same direction. B. Laminis a parietibus procedentibus. 4. Peratoconcuus varians?, D’Orb. (fig. 4.) ? An Fermetus varians, B.M. Cat. D’Orb. Moll. p- 47. no. 405. P. t. nigro-fusea, irregulariter spirali ; sculptura rugis spiralibus et rugulis transversis, plerumque haud valde expressis, vari- ante; intus anfr. plurimis plicis solum instructa; in medio laminis duabus tenuibus a parietibus superiore et inferiore, parte axin versus, arcuatim procedentibus, equalibus, haud valde approximatis, rarius extus reflexis ; plica columellari centrali parva ; pagina interna maxime nitente. Diam. spiree -3, aperture 08 poll. Hab. St. Vincent’s, W. I. (W.B. Carpenter) ; Honduras (Dyson) ; ? Brazils (D’ Orbigny). As far as can be judged from a partial examination of D’Orbigny’s type specimen, this is his Vermetus varians, in which Dr. Gray found two opercula “ orbicular, thin, nucleus central ; ” apparently paucispiral, like that of Serpulorbis made nearly flat. At the same time it is not safe to speak of shells of this genus without an exa- mination of the whole length. The laminz appear to degenerate into plaits during the principal part of their growth, but when deve- loped closely approximate the next species. 5. PETALOCONCHUS RENISECTUS, 0.5. (fig. 5.) P. t. wrregulariter spirali, azi lata, nigro-fusca ; anfractibus rugis spiralibus et rugulis transversis, sepe ad intersectiones nodosis, varie ornatis ; laminis per anfr. plurimos continuis, duabus, equalibus, tenuioribus, a partetibus, parte axin versus, proceden- tibus, arcuatim medium versus continuis, interstitio haud parvo, extus, labrum versus carinatis ; camera externa majore, renti- JSormi ; plica una centrali, columellari. iam. spiree ‘4, aperturz *1 poll. Hab. In Oceano ? Indico. Mus. Cuming. Variat (a) ¢. eleganter rugis spiralibus nodosa. Variat (4) quoque seulptura pene obsoleta. Hab. In Insulis Philippinarum ; legit H. Cuming. The species is described from a large group of very regular growth, of which the accretions warrant its being supposed East Indian. Specimens from the Philippines also appear not separable specifically. 316 It is known from P. varians by the much greater length of the lamine, and, in its most developed part, by a strong keel on the outer edge of each, not seen in the portion sketched. 5 (c). PeTALOCONCHUS? RENISECTUS, var. WoopWaRDII. P.t. P. renisecto simili, sed multo minore, confertissima, axi compacta ; vertice nucleoso Rissoideo ; operculo parvo, dimidio aperture equante, corneo, tenuissimo, extus parum concavo, paucispirali, cicatrice centrali. Diam. spire *15, aperturee “06. Hab. ? Sp. glom. in Mus. Cuming. This specimen has the habit of a distinct species: nevertheless as the inner structure appears exactly the same, and as the shells are most compactly crowded, it appears probable that the small size is due to the circumstances of habitat. It will be observed that the cperculum presents a type of structure very distinct from that of Bivonia glomerata and its congeners, as well as from Vermetus, and much more nearly related to Siphonium. As it agrees with that of P. varians, it is fair to conclude that the other species are not unlike. The opercula were so very frail, that after digestion in weak alkali to remove the animal matter, it was not found practicable to preserve them. This accounts for their absence from the other species. 6. PETALOCONCHUS NERINZXOIDES, n. s. (fig. 6.) P. t. P. renisecto simili; sed rubro-fusca, rugulis spiralibus plu- vibus ; intus solida ; laminis ut in P. renisecto sitis, sed - validis, labrum versus sepe biangulatis ; camera externa minore. Diam. spire *3, aperturze ‘1 poll. Hab. Australia. Mus. Cuming. Although the plan of structure is the same as in P. reniformis, yet the remarkable strength of the laminz, smallness of the outer chamber, and difference of colour, appear to justify at least a tem- porary separation. In Mr, Cuming’s group, the creatures have stretched their tubes so long that even the straight part is often found laminated ; and transverse septa are seen at the other end. In some parts the body only occupies about a third of the section of the shell. 7. PETALOCONCHUS CEREUS, N. s. (fig. 7.) P.t. haud parva, irregulariter spirali, cerea, solida, albida, au- rantio tincta; anfractibus planatis, ad sedem angulatis, nodosis ; laminis parietalibus tenuibus, curtis, in medio sitis, subperpendicularibus, parum arcuatis, interstitio haud parvo ; camera externa majore; plica una parva columellari, in medio sita. Diam. spire *56, aperture °18 poll. Hab. In Insulis Philipinarum; legit H. Cuming. Sp. unic. in Museo suo. 317 This is the largest species as yet found, and very remarkable for its waxen aspect. : 8. PETALOCONCHUS OCTOSECTUS, Nn. 8. (fig. 8.) P. t. irregulariter spirali; albida, seu flavido tincta ; rugulis spiralibus et transversis viv sculpta ; basi haud planata, haud nodosa ; laminis ut in P. cereo sitis, sed camera externa mi- nore. ' Diam. spire *38, aperture -15 poll. Hab. ? 8. Africa. Mus. Cuming. The section of this species (as of the last) resembles a figure 8. It differs from P. cereus in the absence of the remarkable structure at the base, and in the comparatively small size of the outer chamber. 9. PrraLoconcuvs, sp. ind. Hab. Tahiti. Mus. Cuming. This specimen is sufficiently perfect to prove its genus; but not to describe as a species. P. P. Carpenter. July 11th, 1856. Sections of Petaloconchi generally at greatest development. 1. macrophragma. 2. cochlidium. 3. flavescens. 4. varians. 5. renisecius. 6. nerineoides. 7. cereus. 8. octosectus, The above are taken from sketches drawn by the eye only under the micro- scope. Where large groups had to be held in strange positions, it was not found practicable to use the camera, nor did I feel at liberty to break specimens not my own to obtain a favourable section. The figure of No. 5 contains the finest, of No. 6 the coarsest growth: each occasionally approaches the other. The differ- ence between No. 7 and No. 8 is rather exaggerated in the latter.—P. P.C. 318 4, Descriptions or TWENTY-SEVEN New Species or LANpD- SHELLS, COLLECTED RY M. SaLLé IN THE STaTE oF VERA Cruz, Mexico. By Dr. L. PFEIFrer. (Mollusca, Pl. XXXV.) 1. Hexix Corpovana, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, depressa, tenui, undique subgranulata et breviter pilosa, cornea, superne fasciis 2 angusiis, rufis cincta; spira plana; sutura profunda, canaliculata ; anfr. 4} turgidis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo supra peripheriam obsolete sulcato, antice descendente, subtus rotundato ; umbilico + diametri subequante ; apertura perob- liqua, lunato-circulari ; perist. tenui, marginibus conniventibus, supero expanso, basali reflexiusculo. Diam. maj. 121, min. 104, alt. 5 mill. Hab. Cordova. 2. Hetix Veracruzensis, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, depressa, tenerrima, striatula, pellucida, nitidissima, pallide rubello- cornea ; spira parum elevata, vertice subtili ; sutura subcrenu- lato-marginata ; anfr. 5 vix convexiusculis, ultimo lato, non descendente, depresso-rotundato ; umbilico pervio, + diametri vie @equante; apertura obliqua, lunato-ovali ; perist. recto, acuto, marginibus subconniventibus, columellari arcuato-declivt, vie reflexiusculo? Diam. maj. 124, min. 103, alt. 5 mill. Hab. Cordova. 3. Butimus sutrHurevs, Pfr. (Pl. XXXV.f. 11.) B. testa anguste umbilicata, ovato-conica, tenuiuscula, striatula, striis spiralibus confertissimis decussata, nitida, pallide sulphurea ; spira conica, apice acuta, concolore ; anfr. 63 convexiusculis, ultimo spira breviore, basi rotundato ; columella subrecedente ; apertura obliqua, ovali ; perist. simplice, tenui, margine dextro breviter expanso, superne sinuato, columellari triangulatim dilatato, reflexo. Long. 29, diam. 12 mill. Hab. Cordova. 4. Buttmus coriaAceus, Pfr. B. testa anguste perforata, ovato- conica, solidula, sub lente obsoletissime decussato-granulata, fusco-cornea, haud nitente; anfr. 6 convexiusculis, summis nigro-fuscis, sequentibus castaneo-fasciatis, ultimo spira bre- viore, obsolete angulato, basi subattenuato ; columella arcuata ; apertura parum obliqua, elliptico-ovali ; perist. simplice, recto, margine columellari albido, nitido, fornicatim reflexo. Long. 18, diam. 9 mill. Hash. Cordova. 5. Bunimus Marrenst, Pfr. B. testa subperforata, turrito- oblonga, tenui, striatula et distanter chordato-costata, diaphana, albido-hyalina ; spira turrita, obtusula ; anfr. 6 conveais, ulti- i : 4 Mollusca. XXXV. oc. L.0. Pr —e ee 319 mo 2 longitudinis vin equante, rotundato ; columella medio subdentato-plicata ; apertura parum obliqua, elliptico-ovali ; pe- rist. simplice, recto, margine columellari late reflexo, sublibero. Long. 94, diam. 4} mill. Hab. Cordova. 6. Butimus cosratTo-striatus, Pfr. B. testa imperforata, tur- rita, tenui, conferte striata et costulis irregularihus munita, diaphana, cereo-hyalina ; spira regulariter attenuata, acutius- cula; anfr. 7 convexiusculis, ultimo 2 longitudinis formante, basi rotundato ; columella substriata, filari ; apertura viz ob- liqua, oblonga ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus subparallelis, columellari simplice. Long. 73, diam. 23 mill. Hab. Cordova. 7. Butimus Drovitt, Pfr. (Pl. XXXV. f. 12.) B. testa sub- obtecte perforata, ovato-conica, tenui, ruguloso-striata (stri:s spiralibus obsoletissime decussata), pallide straminea, strigis et fasciis latis spadiceis interruptis ornata ; spira coniea, acu- tiuscula ; anfr. 6 convexiusculis, ultimo spiram vix superante, antice subvaricoso; columella substricta, compressa ; apertura obliqua, ovali ; perist. tenui, expansiusculo, margine columellari dilatato, abrupte reflexo. Long. 24, diam. 103 mill. ™ Hab. Cordova. 8. Buiimus aurir.Luus, Pfr. (Pl. XXXV.f.10.) B. testa per- forata, ovato-conica tenui, sub lente minutissime decussata, nitida, albida, strigis angustis flexuosis fulvo-aureis ornata ; spira convexiusculo-conica, acuta; anfr. 55 convexiusculis, ultimo spiram paulo superante, juxta perforationem angustam subattenuato, unicolore lutescente ; columella intrante, leviter arcuata; apertura vir obliqua, oblonga; perist. tenui, bre- viter expanso, margine columellari compresso, superne dilatato, reflexo. Long. 22, diam. 10 mill. Hab. Cordova. 9. SumpuLopsis SALLeAnNa, Pfr. (Pl. XXXV. f. 15, 16.) S. testa subsemiovata, solidula, striatula, lineisque spiralibus impressis obsoletis notata, nitida, corneo-straminea; spira parvula, ob- tusa; anfr. viz 2}, ultimo magno, inflato; columella arcuata, subacuta ; apertura perobliqua, lunato-rotundata, intus mar- garitacea ; perist. simplice, marginibus callo tenuissimo junctis, dextro expansiusculo, antrorsum dilatato, Diam. maj. 15, min. 12, alt. 7} mill. Hab. Cordova. 10. Srmputorsis Corpovana, Pfr. 8S. testa subsemiglobosa, tenuissima, levissime striatula, pellucida, nitidissima, virenti- 320 cornea; spira minuta, vix prominula; sutura canaliculata ; anfr. 23, ultimo inflato ; columella tenui, papyraceo-marginata ; apertura perobliqua, fere circulari; perist. simplice, recto, margine dextro superne antrorsum dilatato. Diam. maj. 15, min. 114, alt. 7 mill. Hab. Cordova. 11. Sprraxts SuurrLewortut, Pfr. (Pl. XXXV.f. 8.) Sp. testa oblongo-glandiformi, tenuiuscula, levigata, lineis im- pressis irregularibus notata, lucida, corneo-flavescente, strigis variciformibus virenti-fulvis notata ; spira conica, obtusula ; sutura levi, sublacera; anfr. 7, superis vix convexiusculis, ul- timo antice descendente, 2 longitudinis fere equante, basi subattenuato ; lamina columellari leviter torta, subincrassata, basi vie truncatula ; apertura anguste semiovali, superne longe acuminata, intus margaritacea; perist. simplice, marginibus callo tenui junctis, dextro medio dilatato. Long. 33, diam. 13} mill. Hab. Cordova. 12. Sprraxis TuRGIDULA, Pfr. (Pl. XXXV. f. 9.) Sp. testa ovato-conica, tenuiuscula, striatula, nitida, pallide flavescente, strigis variciformibus, subimpressis, pellucidis notata ; spira conica, obtusiuscula ; sutura crenulata; anfr. 8 infra suturam turgidulis, ultimo 4 longitudinis subequante ; lamina columel- lari crassa, alba, leviter torta, basi truncata; apertura subver- ticali, sinuoso-semiovali, intus albido-margaritacea ; perist. simplice, margine dextro medio antrorsum dilatato. Long. 31, diam. 12} mill. #Tab. Cordova. 13. Sprraxis AuRiIcULACEA, Pfr. Sp. testa fusiformi-oblonga, tenera, levigata, pellucida, nitida, rubello-eornea ; spira elon- gato-conica, obtusula; sutura marginata; anfr. 7 convexius- culis, ultimo spira vie longiore, infra medium dilatato ; lamina columellari parum torta, alba, filari, minime truncata ; aper- tura sinuato-semiovali, intus leviter margaritacea ; perist. sim- plice, margine dextro medio fere angulatim producto. Long. 16, diam. 6 maill. Hab. Cordova. 14, Acuatina (VARICELLA) Orn1zAB4, Pfr. (Pl. XXXV. f. 6.) A. testa oblongo-conica, solidula, longitudinaliter striata, ni- tida, olivaceo-fusca, varicibus subprominulis pallidis irregu- lariter munita ; spira elongato-conica, apice obtusula; sutura levissime marginata ; anfr.7% convexiusculis, ultimo spira bre- viore, deorsum leviore ; columella subcallosa, arcuata, oblique truncata; apertura verticali, sinuato-ovali ; perist. recto, mar- gine dextro obtuso, vix flecuoso, pallide limbato. Long. 42, diam. 18 mill. Hab. In Vuleano Orizaba. 321 15. Acwattna (VARICELLA) specrosa, Pfr. (Pl. XXXV. f. 7.) A. testa conico-ovata, solidula, longitudinaliter conferte plicata, nitida, carnea, varicibus sulciformibus, albidis, subflexuosis, ir- regulariter distantibus munita ; spira conica, apice acutiuscula ; sutura eleganter nodulato-crenata ; anfr. 8 vix convexius- culis, ultimo spiram paulo superante, prope suturam turgidulo, deorsum sublevigato ; columella arcuata, late truncata ; aper- tura verticali, sinuato-semiovali ; perist. recto, margine dextro Jlexuoso. Long. 29, diam. 134 mill. Hab. Cordova. 16. Acwatina (VariceLLta) Corpovana, Pfr. 4, tes tatur- rito-oblonga, solidula, longitudinaliter plicata, nitida, alaba- strina; sptra elongato-conica, apice obtusa; sutura marginata, conferte nodulata ; anfr. 74 parum convexis, ultimo spira paulo breviore, varicibus nonnullis impressis, obsoletis munito, basi via attenuato ; columella substricta, transverse truncata ; aper- tura subverticali, sinuato-semiovali ; perist. simplice, margine dextro medio fere angulatim producto, subinflexo. Long. 20, diam. 6 mill. Hab. Cordova. 17. ACHATINA MARGARITACEA, Pfr. A. testa oblonga, tenui, sub- levigata, sub lente levissime et irregulariter plicatula, pellu- cida, nitida, lutescenti-hyalina ; spira brevi, conica, acutiuscula ; sutura subcanaliculata, marginata; anfr. 54 convexiusculis, ultimo 2 longitudinis superante, basi vie attenuato ; columella leviter arcuata, abrupte truncata; apertura verticali, acumi- nato-semiovali ; perist. simplice, margine dextro leviter antror- ‘sum arcuato. Long. 94, diam. 33 mill. Hab. Cordova. 18. AcwaTina ampreua, Pfr. 4. testa imperforata, ovato- conica, solida, levigata, opaca, albida ; spira conica, obtusula; anfr. 7 convexis, ultimo spira paulo breviore, basi rotundato ; columella verticali, subintorta, subtruncata ; apertura verticali, trapezto-ovali ; perist. recto, margine dextro subrepando, colu- melle parallelo. Long. 22, diam. 10 mill. Hab. Cordova. 19. Cytinpretia Boucarnpi (Sallé, MSS.), Pfr. (Pl. XXXV. f.1.) OC. testa arcuato-rimata, clavato-cylindracea, truncata, tenuiuscula, costulis capillaribus, confertis, subarcuatis munita, in interstitiis sub lente transverso-striata, corneo-fulva ; su- tura levi, vix marginata; anfr. superst. 9-11 viv converis, ultimo antice soluto, oblique descendente, dorso angulato, infra medium obtuse carinato ; apertura angulato-oblonga, plica No. CCCXXI.—Procrepincs or THE ZooLoGicaL Society. 322 valida, torta columelle coarctata; perist. albo, breviter ex- panso. Long. 52-56, diam. 13 mill. Hab. Cordova. 20. CyLinpRELLA Aprostoma, Pfr. (Pl. XXXV. f. 4,5.) C. testa subrimata, subulata, subarcuatim striatula, diaphana, albido-cornea ; spira regulariter attenuata, apice integra, acu- tiuscula ; anfr. 22-24 conveviusculis, ultimo breviter protracto, dorso angulato, antice distinctius striato; apertura subverti- cali, oblique piriformi ; perist. albo, undique reflewiuseulo, mar- gine dextro superne subsinuoso. Long. 17, diam. 2+ mill. Hab. Cordova. 21. CyLInpRELLA votyGyRA, Pfr. (Pl. XXXV. f. 2, 3.) C. testa profunde rimata, subulata, gracili, costulis filaribus, con- fertis, leviter arcuatis sculpta, opaca, cornea ; spira regulariter attenuata, apice integra, acutiuscula; anfr. 24-27 convexis, ultimo breviter soluto, dorso et basi subcompresso ; apertura vie obliqua, subcirculari, in fundo subtriangulari ; perist. un- dique expanso et reflexiusculo. Long. 173-214, diam. 2} mill. Hab. Cordova. 22. Proservina (Ceres) SaLtiteana, Cuming. (Pl. XXXV. f. 21,22.) Pr. testa imperforata, conoidea, solidula, superne striis incrementi et granulis minutis exasperata, lutea vel rosea, epidermide opaca, albida, decidua, partim obducta; spira con- vexo-conoidea, mucronata; anfr. 8 vie convexiusculis, ultimo non descendente, medio compresse et acute carinato, basi con- vexo, levigato, callo nitido, luteo magis minusve obducto ; aper-. tura perobliqua, subtriangulari, lamellis § coarctata ; parieta- libus 2, columellari \ subtorta, 3 in pariete basali, mediana maxima ; perist. luteo, subincrassato, obtuso. ‘ Diam. maj. 23, min. 21, alt. fere 12 mill. Hab. Cordova. 23. Hexircina Hetors, Sall¢, MSS. (Pl. XXXV.f. 17.) 4H. testa turbinato-globosa, solidula, levissime striatula, striis spi- ralibus sub lente obsolete decussata, nitida, subunicolore lutea vel cingulo purpurascente, sursum diluto ornata ; spira convexo- conoidea, acuminata; sutura pallida; anfr. 6 convexis, ultimo peripheria via subangulato, basi planiusculo, callo nitido, cir- cumscripto munito; columella arcuata, filari; apertura dia- gonali, subsemicirculari ; perist. tenuiusculo, expanso, margine dextro leviter filexuoso. Opere. ?—Diam. maj. 93-11, min, 83-95, alt. 7-8 mill. Hab, Cordova. eer ree ary - ~ ~ ” 323 24. Hexicrna notara, Sallé, MSS. (Pl. XXXYV. f. 18, 19, 20.) Hi. testa globoso-turbinata, solidula, striata et liris subdi- stantibus, levibus circumdata, carnea vel straminea ; spira con- vexiusculo-conica, acuta ; anfr. 54 vie convexiusculis, ultimo spiram subequante, conveciore ; columella brevi, basi tubercu- lata, callum crassum, circumscriptum retrorsum emittente ; apertura fere diagonali, subsemicirculari ; perist. calloso, in- erassato, albo, angulatim patente.— Opere. tenue, margine externo purpureo. Diam. maj. 84, min. 7, alt. 7 mill. Hab. Cordova. 25. Hexicina CorpiLtLer®, Sallé, MSS. #2. testa depresse globoso-conica, solida, striatula, opaca, albida, fascia | rubra supra peripheriam, nonnullisque pallidioribus, obsoletis cincta ; spira conoidea, sursum fusco-carnea, apice acuta ; anfr. Sz vie convexiuseulis, ultimo depresse rotundato ; columella extus vix impressa, callosa, basi in nodulum terminata, callum emittente crassiusculum, circumscriptum ; apertura diagonali, triangu- luri-semiovali; perist. calloso-incrassato, angulatim patente, margine basali in tuberculum columelle transeunte.—Operc. corneum, castaneum. Diam. maj. 124, min. 103, alt. 8 mill. B. Paulo major, unicolor fuseo-carnea, impressione columellari distinctiore. Hab. In monte Orizaba, 12,000' supra Qceanum. 26. Cycuostoma (CyctopHorus) Bovcarn1, Sallé, MSS. (Pl. XXXV. f. 25.) C. testa latiuscule umbilicata, conoideo- depressa, solida, impressionibus malleatis undique tuberculato- rugosa et liris obsoletis distantibus munita, epidermide fulva, saturatius fasciata vestita; spira breviter conoidea, obtusa ; anfr. 5 modice convewxis, celeriter accrescentibus, ultimo ro- tundato, antice interdum breviter soluto ; apertura parum obliqua, subangulato-ovali, intus margaritacea ; perist. sim- plice, recto, continuo, superne obsolete angulato, margine co- lumellari leviter arcuato.—Opere. tenuissimum, fulvum, pla- num. - Diam. maj. 36, min. 30, alt. 18-19 mill. Hab. Cordova. 27. CycLtostroma (CHoNDROPOMA) Corpovanum, Pfr. Ch. testa rimato-perforata, turrita, integra, tenui, longitudinaliter confertim plicata, haud nitente, pallide fulva, fasciis interrup- lis castaneis ornata; spira reyulariter turrita, sursum plerum- que violacea, apice submamillari nitida, cornea; anfr. 7-7} perconvexis, ultimo non soluto ; apertura verticali, ovali ; perist. duplice ; interno albo, breviter porrecto, externo subdilatato, ieee ra 324 horizontaliter patente, concentrice striato, castaneo maculato, superne producto, ad anfr. penultimum subexciso.—Opere. albi- dum. Long. 13-153, diam. 6-74 mill. Hab. Cordova. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XXXV. 1. Cylindrella Boucardi, Pfr. 3. —— polygyra, Pfr. 5. —— apiostoma, Pfr. 6. Achatina (Varicella) Orizabe, Pfr. 7. —— (Varicella) speciosa, Pfr. 8. Spiraxis Shuttleworthi, Pfr. turgidula, Pfr. 10. Bulimus aurifluus, Pfr. : sulphureus, Pfr. 12. —— Drouéti, Pfr. 13,14. Helix caduca and var., Pfr. 15,16. Simpulopsis Salleana, Pfr. 17. Helicina Heloisze, Sallé. . 18,19, 20. notata and var., Pfr. 21,22. Proserpina (Ceres) Salleana, Cuming. eolina, Duclos (for comparison). 25. Cyclophorus Boucardi, Salle. 5, Descriptions oF Firry-rE1iGHT New Species or HELicea FROM THE COLLECTION oF H. Cuming, Esa. By Dr. L. PFreirrer. 1. Virrina Fiemrinet, Pfr. V. testa subdepressa, peripheria auriformis ; solidula, superne plicato-striata striisque spiralibus sub lente notata, eneo-micante, olivaceo-fulva ; spira parum elata ; sutura anguste albomarginata ; anfr. 43 convewviusculis, ultimo magno, infra medium obsoletissime angulato, basi levigato, niti- diore ; apertura diagonali, lunato-ovali, intus margaritacea; pe- rist. simplice, margine dextro subrepando, columellari arcuato, superne triangulatim reflexo, adnato. Diam. maj. 33, min. 24, alt. 17-18 mill. Hab. Scinde, India (Dr. Alex. Fleming). 2. VirrinA Puanti, Pfr. V. testa depressa, ambitu subauri- formi, tenuissima, levigata, nitidissima, pellucida, albido-hyalina ; spira parvula, plana; sutura vie impressa, submarginata ; anfr. vie 3 planiusculis, ultimo magno, superne vix convexiore, ad suturam striatulo, subtus inflato, membranaceo-marginato ; aper- tura magna, diagonali, lunato-ovali; perist. simplice, margine dextro antrorsum arcuato, columellari tenuissima. Diam. maj. 12, min. 8, alt. 6 mill. Hab. Natal (Mr. Plant). 3. Virrina Borneensis, Pfr. V. testa depresso-globosa, tenuis- sima, striatula, striis spiralibus nonnullis impressis notata, pellu- 325 cida, pallide cornea; spira’brevissime conoidea, albida; sutura submarginata; anfr. 4 celeriter accrescentibus, superis viv con- vewis, ultimo subdepresso-rotundato, basi oblique ruguloso ; aper- tura obliqua, lunato-rotundata ; perist. simplice, levissime inflexo, margine columellari brevi, strictiusculo, filari. Diam. maj. 15, min. 112, alt. 9 mill. Hab. Borneo. 4, Virrrna CeLesensis, Pfr. V. testa helicoidea, solidula, stria- tula, nitida, coffeacea; spira breviter conoidea, obtusula ; sutura pallide marginata ; anfr. 4 conveviusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo basi parum convewxo, pallido; apertura diagonali, lunato- rotundata ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus subconvergentibus, columellari arcuato, subcalloso. Diam. maj. 115, min. 9, alt. 7 mill. Hab. Celebes (Mrs. Ida Pfeiffer). 5. Virrina Ips, Pfr. V. testa depresso-globosa, ambitu subovali, tenui, arcuato-striatula, nitida, pellucida, lutescenti-cornea ; spira viv elevata; sutura levi ; anfr. 4 convewiusculis, ultimo mugno, inflato, basi non impresso ; apertura diagonali, rotundato-lunari ; perist. simplice, marginibus conniventibus, regulariter arcuatis, columellari brevissime recedente, subcalloso. Diam. maj. 14, min. 11, alt. 7 mill. Hab. Celebes (Mrs. Ida Pfeiffer), 6. Virrina? Comorensis, Pfr. V. testa subglobosa, tenui, ru- goso-striata, vie nitidula, diaphana, virenti-cornea, punctis et strigis luteis variegata ; spira convexa, obtusa; anfr. 3 convevis, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo inflato ; apertura fere diagonali, lunato-ovali, intus margaritacea, albo variegata ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus convergentibus, regulariter arcuatis, columellari filari. Diam. maj. 215, min. 163, alt. 13-14 mill. Hab. Mayotte, Comoro Islands (Mr. Cloué). Shape very similar to that of Helix aperta, Born. 7. Virrina Darnavont, Pfr. V. testa semiovata, pertenui, sub lente irregulariter striatula punctisque impressis notata, oleoso- micante, pallide virenti-cornea; spira convexa, obtusa; sutura anguste marginata ; anfr. vic 3 convexis, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo magno ; apertura subdiagonali, sublunato-ovali, intus le- viter margaritacea ; perist. simplice, brevissime inflexo, margini- bus approximatis, dextro antrorsum dilatato, columellari arcuato, anguste membranaceo-marginato. Diam. maj. 16, min. 12, alt. 7} mill. Hab. Sennaar, Interior of Africa (Mr. Darnaud). 8, Virrina Sennaarrensis, Pfr. V. testa depressa, tenui, ob- lique rugosa, nitidula, pellucida, corneo-virente, plerumque luteo 326 nigro obducta ; spira sublurbinata, mucronata ; anfr. 3 convevis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo depresso, peripheria obsolete angu- lato ; apertura perobliqua, lunato-circulari ; perist. tenui, subin- flexo, marginibus convergentibus, columellari vie dilatato. Diam. maj. 63, min. 53, alt. 3 mill. Hab. Sennaar, Interior of Africa (Mr. Darnaud). 9. Virgina Leucospira, Pfr. V. testa depresse subglobosa, am- bitu ovali, tenuissima, striatula, pellucida, nitida, lutescenti- hya- lina ; spira parum conveea, alba; sutura vie submarginata ; anfr. 4 convewiusculis, penuliimo sensim pellucido-radiato, ultimo ro- tundato ; apertura obliqua, lunato-subcirculari; perist. tenui, marginibus conniventibus, subinflexis, dextro antrorsum valde ar- cuato, columellari substricto, brevi, filari. Diam. maj. 135, min. 114, alt. 83 mill. Hab. Australia. 10. Succrnca Puantt, Pfr. SS. testa conico-ovata, tenuiuscula, rugulosa, diaphana, sordide cornea; spira brevi, subpapillata ; anfr. vir 25, penultimo convexo, ultimo 2 longitudinis superante, medio turgido ; columella substricte recedente, superne levissime calloso-plicata ; apertura fere diagonali, ubique incumbente, acu- minato-ovali ; perist. simplice, margine dextro regulariter arcuato. Long. 5, diam. 33, alt. 23 mill. Hab. Cape Natal (Mr. Plant). 11. SuccrnwA AsPERULA, Pfr. S. testa ovato-conica, tenuiuscula, striis rugosis subasperata, diaphana, corneo-rubella ; spira turbi- nata, acuta; anfr. 34 convevis, ultimo ventroso, 2 longitudinis Jormante ; columella leviter arcuata, compressa, albida ; apertura oblique, undique incumbente, subregulariter ovali, intus marg..ri- tacea ; perist. simplice, marginibus subsymmetricis. Long. 103, diam. 6, alt. 5 mill. Hab. Flagstaff Hill, St. Helena. 12. Hexix Kermanpeci, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, turbinata, tenui, superne subdistanter striata, hyalina; spira convewiusculo- turbinata, subacuminata ; anfr. 54-6 convewis, lente accrescenti- bus, ultimo subangulato, antice rotundato ; apertura vix obliqua, lunari; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus distantibus, columellari superne subreflexo, adnato. Diam. maj. 33, min. 34, alt. 24 mill. Hab. Sunday Island, Kermandec Group (Lieut. Chimmo, R.N.). 13. Hetix Opmirta, Pfr. H. testa subperforata, depresse turbinato- globosa, tenuissima, membranacea, radiato-rugata et lineis spira- libus minutissimis sub lente sculpta, pellucida, virenti-cornea ; spira subconoidea, superne alba; anfr. 5 convexiusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo peripheria subangulato, antice rotundato, basi inflato ; apertura fere diagonali, rotundato-lunuri ; perist. 327 simplice, marginibus devtro et basali subinflexis, columellari fere verticali, superne subreflexo. Diam. maj. 20, min, 17, alt. 114 mill. Hab. Mount Ophir, Malacca ( Dr. Traill). Vitrina heliciformis, Pfr. 1854, is an imperfect form of this species. 14. Hewix Sarprayt, Pfr. H. testa perforata, subturbinata, soli- dula; superne arcuato-plicata striisque spiralibus eleganter gra- nulata, isabellina ; spira convexiusculo-conica, obtusula ; sutura subcanaliculata ; anfr. 6 convexis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo peripheria carina acuta, compressa, antice evanescente munito, basi convexo, leviore; apertura diagonali, subangulato-lunari, intus margaritacea ; perist. simplice, obtusulo, margine columel- lari fere verticali, superne triangulatim reflexo. Diam. maj. 20, min. 18, alt. 114 mill. Hab. Neilgherries, India (Mr. Conway Shiplay). 15. Henix acauxes, Pfr. H. testa vir perforata, turbinata, tenui, oblique rugosa, diaphana, pallide cornea; spira conoidea, acutiuscula ; anfr. 54 conveviusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo peripheria carinato, antice non descendente, basi conveviore ; aper- tura obliqua, subangulato-lunari ; perist. simplice, recto, margine columellari superne anguste reflexo. Diam. maj. 13, min. 11, alt. 74 mill. Hab. Neilgherries, India (Mr. Conway Shiplay). 16. Hexntx Cavasarica, Pfr. H. testa perforata, turbinato-len- tiformi, tenui, levigata, superne liris 6 argutis, filiformibus cincta, diaphana, cornea ; spira conoidea, acutiuscula ; anfr. 6 convexius- culis, sensim accrescentibus, ullimo non descendente, acute cari- nato, bust convero; apertura parum obliqua, angulato-lunari ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus vix convergentibus, columellari arcuato, superne viz reflexo. Diam. maj. 93, min. 83, alt. 44 mill. Hab. Old Calabar, Guinea. 17. Heuix Darwaunt, Pfr. H. testa perforata, depresse co- noideo-globosa, tenui, rugoso-striata, cornea, fasciis opacis albidis notata ; spira conoidea ; anfr. fere 5 via conveviusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente, rotundato ; apertura vir obliqua, rotundato-lunari; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus subconvergentibus, columellari superne dilatato, patente. Diam. maj. 8, min. 7, alt. 5 mill. Hab. Sennaar, Interior of Africa (Mr. Darnaud). 18. Henix arcuta, Pfr. H. testa subclause perforata, depressa, tenui, superne argute et confertim arcuato-striata, corneo-fusca ; | spira parum elevata, obtusa; sutura subcrenulata; anfr. 4% cele- riter accrescentibus, superis vix convexiusculis, ultimo peripheria carina fusiformi cinclo, antice non descendente, basi leviore, luteo- virente, medio excavato; apertura diagonali, ampla, lunato-ro- 328 tundata, intus margaritacea ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus conniventibus, columellari superne in laminam brevem callosam reflexo. Diam. maj. 36, min. 29, alt. 18 mill. Hab. Tenga Hills, Java (C. Shiplay, Esq.). 19. Hevrx Cuimmot1, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, convexo-depressa, tenuiuscula, confertim plicato-striata, cornea, rufo irregulariter maculata ; spira parum elevata; anfr.5 convexis, sensim accres- centidus, ultimo non descendente, subdepresso-rotundato ; um- bilico conico, 4 diametri subequante; apertura parum obliqua, rotundato-lunori ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus conver- gentibus. Diam. maj. 33, min. 3, alt. 14 mill. Hab. Sunday Island, Kermandec Group (Lieut. Chimmo, R.N.). 20. Hewix conrerta, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, conoidea, solida, striis incrementi irregularibus et confertissimis spiralibus decus- satula, sericea, fulvida; spira conoidea, obtusa; sutura pallide marginata ; anfr. vie 5 convexiusculis, sensim acerescentibus, ultimo peripheria angulato, ad suturam turgidulo, basi convexo, juxta umbilicum angustum compresso ; apertura perobliqua, sub- tetragono-lunari; perist. obtuso, margine supero recto, basali incrassato, reflexiusculo, columellari declivi, subdentato, superne triangulatim reflexo. Diam. maj. 343, min. 30, alt. 20 mill. Hab. ? 21. Hexix Damanoyt, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, globoso-de- pressa, tenuiuscula, oblique striata, parum nitente, saturate Susca, fasciis latis nigris, unica lutea mediana et superpositis non- nullis hydrophanis albidis ornata ; spira vix elevata, obtusa ; anfr. 4 convexiusculis, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo inflato, oblique malleato-plicato ; columella declivi, compressa, dilatata, alba; apertura obliqua, truncato-ovali, intus albida; perist. albo, late expanso et reflexiusculo. Diam. maj. 47, min. 37, alt. 28 mill. Hab. Philippine Islands (Mr. Damahoy). 22. Hetix Meosamsensis, Pfr. H. testa obtecte umbilicata, conoideo-depressa, solida, subdistanter rugoso-striata, undique minute granulata, cinnamomea; spira conoideo-convera, obtusa ; anfr. 5 planiusculis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo antice descen- dente, peripheria subcarinato, utrinque conveviore ; apertura per- obliqua, tetragono-lunari ; perist. albo, refleco, marginibus callo junctis, columellari dilatato, adnato, stricto, ad dextram “uni- dentato. Diam. maj. 32, min. 26, alt. 15 mill. Hab. Meobamba, Peru (Mr. Porte). 23. HeLix AMMIRALIS, Pfr. H. festa umbilicata, turbinato-de- 329 pressa, solidula, undique subruditer striata, fulva vel lutescente, plerumque fascia unica peripherica nigro-castanea ornata; spira regulariter conoidea; anfr. 6} vie conveviusculis, lente accres- centibus, ultimo antice vir descendente, peripheria carinato, basi convexo, circa umbilicum angustum, castaneum subcompresso ; apertura obliqua, lunari ; perist. hepatico, breviter expanso, mar- gine columellari superne fornicatim reflezo. Diam. maj. 36, min. 33, alt. 20 mill. Hab. China (Admiral Cecille). 24. Hexrx mucipa, Pfr. A. testa umbilicata, turbinato-depressa, tenuiuscula, striatula, saturate rufa, quasi mucore obducta ; spira conoidea, obtusula ; anfr.5 convezis, sensim accrescentibus, uitimo rotundato, antice descendente, circa umbilicum infundibuliformem subangulato ; apertura fere diagonali, rotundato-lunari, intus nitida, carnea ; perist. breviter expanso, marginibus via.convergen- tibus, columellari superne triangulatim dilatato, patente. Diam. maj. 20, min. 162, alt. 11 mill. Hab. Percy’s Island (Lieut. Chimmo, R.N.). 25. Hertrx Gurinzu, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, depressa, cari- nala, tenui, plicis subdistantibus retrorsum descendentibus sculpta, pellucida, pallide cornea, seriebus macularum rufarum ornata ; spira vir elevata ; anfr. 5 sensim accrescentibus, prope suturam turgidis, ultimo superne subacute carinato, antice non descendente, subtus perinflato, circa umbilicum (% diametri occupantem) coni- cum levigato, subangulato ; apertura vir obliqua, subangulato- lunari ; perist. tenui, undique breviler expanso, margine columel- lari superne dilatato, patente. Diam. maj. 20, min. 16, alt. 9 mill. Hab. Meobamba, Peru (Mr. Gueinzius). 26. Heuix sastpentaTa, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, conoideo- subsemiglobosa, solida, oblique striata, alba, fasciis 2 castaneis et 1 angustiore aurantiaca prope suturam ornata; spira convexo- conoidea, obtusa; anfr. 5 convevis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo carinato, antice perdeflexo, basi planiusculo ; umbilico angusto, ' pervio ; apertura horizontali, elliptica ; perist. continuo, undique reflevo, margine basali medio dente | valido, obtuso armato. Diam. maj. 26, min. 20, alt. 11 mill. Hab. Philippine Islands. 27. Butimus pozxostyius, Pfr. B. testa imperforata, oblongo- ovata, tenui, oblique confertim striata, pallide fulvescenti-carnea, fasciis 3 nigricantibus (1 suturali, | infraperipherica, tertia co- lumellari) ornata ; spira convexo-conica, apice obtusula, nigro- violacea ; anfr. 5 modice convexis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo spira paulo breviore ;\ columella compressa, plana, fusca, basi 330 subtruncata ; apertura obliqua, truncato-oblonga ; perist. cas- taneo, anguste reflexo. Long. 37, diam. 24 mill. Hab. Philippine Islands. 28. Butimus 1nzevatis, Pfr. B. testa anguste umbilicata, ob- lique fusiformi, tenuiuscula, levigata, nitida, alba unicolore vel strigis latis ramosis violaceo-nigricantibus picta ; spira gracili, conica, acuta; anfr. 6 vir convexiusculis, ultimo spira longiore, antice subascendente, latere aperturali planulato, basi subatte- nuato ; apertura subverticali, elongato-auriformi, intus violaceo- limbata ; columella violacea, superne oblique plicata ; perist. albo, late expanso, margine columellari plano, patente, superne flecuoso. Long. 43, diam. 13 mill. Hab. Banks of the Maranhon. 29. Butimus Gurtnzi, Pfr. B. testa profunde rimata, oblongo- conica, tenui, sublevigata, nitida, albida, strigis angustis fuscis, basin versus undulatis, ornata; spira conica, acutiuscula ; anfr. 6 convexiusculis, ultimo spira vie breviore, basi subattenuato, ad rimam violaceo; columella compressa, subtorta, violacea; aper- tura vie obliqua, truncato-oblonga, intus lilacina; perist. tenui, margine dextro superne valde curvato, late expanso, columellari patente. Long. 23, diam. 10 mill. Hab. Meobamba, Peru (Mr. Gueinzius). 30. Butimus crarus, Pfr. B. testa rimato-umbilicata, ovato- oblonga, tenui, laevigata, nitida, diaphana, sub epidermide fugace Sulvescente-albida ; spira elongata, convexo-conica, obtusula ; anfr. 53 modice convewis, ultimo 2 longitudinis subequante, basi rotundato ; columella leviter arcuata ; apertura obliqua, truncato- ovali ; perist. tenui, marginibus conniventibus, dextro breviter ex- panso, columellari dilatato, patente. Long. 16, diam. 73 mill. Hab. Meobamba, Peru (Mr. Gueinzius). 31. Buximus LactirLuvus, Pfr. B. testa breviter rimato-perfo- rata, fusiformi-turrita, tenuiuscula, sublevigata, cornea, strigis lacteis subserratis notata; spira turrita, apice acutiuscula, sepe nigro-cornea; anfr. 10-11 convewiusculis, ultimo 2 longitudinis subequante, basi attenuato, compresso ; columella leviter arcuata ; apertura vir obliqua, ovali-oblonga ; perist. tenui, margine dextro anguste expanso, columellari a basi dilatato, fornicatim reflexo. Long. 163-17, diam. 42 mill. Hab. Chili. 32. Butimus Froripanvus, Pfr. B. testa anguste perforata, ovato-turrita, sublevigata, griseo-hyalina, strigis et maculis opa- cis, albis notata ; spira elongato-conica, acutiuscula ; anfr. 6} convexiusculis, superis interrupte fusco-fasciatis, ultimo 2 longi- 331 tudinis subequante, infra medium subangulato, basi attenuato ; columella subtorta, recedente ; apertura parum obliqua, ovali ; perist. tenui, margine dextro anguste expanso, columellari dila- tato, reflexo, fere adnato. Long. 152-17, diam. 7% mill. Hab. Florida. 33. Butimus pistans, Pfr. B. testa compresse umbilicata, ovato- conica, tenuiuscula, costis subarcuatis, chordeformibus subdistan- tibus sculpta, subdiaphana, albida ; spira elevato-conica, obtusula; anfr. 7 convevis, ultimo 3 longitudinis subequante, basi rotundato ; columella profunde subtorta ; apertura parum obliqua, acuminato- subovali ; perist. tenui, marginibus convergentibus, dextro breviter expanso, columellari dilatato, patente. Long. 223, diam. 103 mill. Hab. Isle of Karah, Gulf of Persia. 34, Buximus axstrvus, Pfr. B. testa umbilicata, oblongo-turrita, solidula, irregulariter striata, albida ; spira elongata, convevius- culo-conica, acutiuscula ; anfr. 6 modice convexis, ultimo 4 lon- gitudinis subequante, basi vir attenuato ; columella subrecedente ; apertura parum obliqua, acuminato-ovali ; perist. tenui, margine dextro anguste expanso, columellari dilatato, fornicatim reflexo. Long. 17, diam. 72 mill. Hab. Meobamba, Peru (Mr. Gueinzius). 35. Butimus Cuarsonniert, Pfr. B. testa profunde rimata, ovato-conica, tenuiuscula, confertim costulato-striata, diaphana, corneo-albida ; spira elevato-conica, obtusa ; anfr. 6 convexius- culis, ultimo spira paulo breviore, juxta umbilicum rimeformem subcompresso ; columella substricta ; apertura parum obliqua, elliptico-ovali ; perist. tenui, marginibus approximatis, dextro perarcuato, breviter expanso, columellari sursum dilatato, patente. Long. 15, diam. 8 mill. Hab. Isle of Karah, Gulf of Persia. 36. Burimus Tisetanvs, Pfr. B. testa profunde rimata, ovato- oblonga, pupeformi, solidula, striatula, albida, strigis et maculis corneis irregulariter notata ; spira subcylindrica, sensim in conum obtusulum attenuata; anfr. 8-81 viz conveziusculis, ad suturam plicatulis, ultimo 4 longitudinis subequante, antice ascendente, busi compresso ; columella subplicata ; apertura verticali, sinuato- ovali ; perist. albolabiato, expanso, marginibus callo subjunctis, columellari refleviusculo. Long. 32, diam. 11 mill. Hab, Tibet. 37. Butimus Cocurncurnensis, Pfr. B. testa imperforata, Susiformi-ovata, solida, levigata, nitida, pallide sulphurea vel albida; spira convewiusculo-turrita, apice obtusula; sutura levi, pallida ; anfr. 6-7, superis planiusculis, sequentibus conveziori- 332 bus, ultimo 2 longitudinis subequante, basi attenuato, subcom- presso ; columella funiformi, leviter torta ; apertura parum obli- qua, elliptico-ovali ; perist. subincrassato, margine dextro breviter expanso, columellari dilatato, adnato. Long. 39, diam. 17 mill. Hab. Cochin China. 38. Buxtimus curon, Pfr. B. testa perforata, oblonga, solida, striatula, alba ; spira elongata, in conum acutiusculum terminata ; anfr. 7-8 modice convezis, ultimo 4 longitudinis paulo superante, antice subascendente, basi rotundato ; apertura verticali, ovato- lunari ; perist. calloso, marginibus callo junctis, columellari brevi, substricto, dilatato, patente. Long. 12, diam. 53 mill. Hab. India; Punjaub, Kurrachee, mouth of the Indus (Mr. Con- way Shiplay). 39. Buxrmus Kanarensis, Pfr. B. testa subperforata, conico- ovata, solidula, striatula et irregulariter malleato-impressa, alba; spira conica, sursum interdum grisea, apice obtusa; anfr. 5 con- vexis, ultimo spiram vix superante, oblique descendente, basi ro- tundata ; columella vie arcuata ; apertura obliqua, truncato-ovali ; perist. simplice, recto, margine columellari dilatato, reflexo, sub- appresso. Long. 14, diam. 8 mill. Hab. Kanai, Sandwich Islands. 40. Busrmus Lorraini, Pfr. B. testa subperforata, ovato- conica, tenui, rugata, subepidermide fulvida, glutinosa, alba; spira convexiusculo-conica, obtusula; anfr. 4 convexis, ultimo spiram paulo superante, basi parum attenuato ; columella compressa, levi- ter arcuato ; apertura obliqua, acuminato-ovali, intus margari- taceo-albida ; perist. simplice, recto, margine columellari anguste refleco, subadnato. Long. 2Q, diam. 9 mill. Hab. Isle of Penang (Mr. Lorrain). 41. Butimus Woopwarpt, Pfr. B. testa perforata, ovato-tur- rita, solidula, striata et submalleata, nitidula, fulvido-alba; spira elongato-conica, acutiuscula ; anfr. 8 convewiusculis, ultimo spira paulo breviore, basi subattenuato ; columella recedente ; apertura obliqua, ovali-oblonga ; perist. simplice, recto, margine dextro leviter arcuato, columellari sursum dilatato, fornicatim reflezo, perforationem angustam semitegente. Long. 31, diam. 13} mill. Hab. Andes of Peru. 42. Butrmus CasteLneavt, Pfr. B. testa subperforata, fusi- formi-turrita, tenuiuscula, striatula (sub lente decussatula), nitida, griseo-albida, punctis raris pellucidis conspersa ; spira elongato- conica, apice acuta, cornea ; anfr. 7 convewviusculis, ultimo 2 lon- 333 gitudinis subequante, basi attenuato ; columella substricta ; aper- tura obliqua, oblonga, intus carnea ; perist. simplice, recto, mar- gine columellari sursum dilatato, fornicato-reflexo. Long. 20, diam. 8} mill. Hab. Rio Pampas, Bolivia (Mr. Castelneau). 43. Buximus niGroapicatus, Pfr. B. testa perforata, ovato- conica, tenuiuscula, striata, nitida, albida, fasciis nigricantibus crebris, superioribus moniliformibus, ornata; spira conica, apice acutiuscula, nigra ; anfr. 53 parum convevis, ultimo spira paulo longiore, ventroso ; columella levissime arcuata ; apertura obliqua, elliptico-ovali ; perist. simplice, recto, margine columellari superne late reflevo, subappresso. Long. 22, diam. 114 mill. Hab. Rio Pampas, Bolivia (Mr. Castelneau). 44, BuLimus sTenacME, Pfr. B. testa umbilicata, ovato-turrita, solidula, ruguloso-striata, albida, strigis angustis pallide corneis variegata ; spira elongata, apicem versus acutiusculum attenuata ; anfr. 7 convexiusculis, ultimo 2 longitudinis subequante, juxta umbilicum angustum subcompresso ; apertura obliqua, oblongo- ovali, intus fusco-carnea; perist. simplice, recto, margine colu- mellari superne dilatato, fornicatim reflezo. Long. 204, diam. 9 mill. Hab. Bolivia. 45. Butimus monacuus, Pfr. B. testa anguste perforata, ob- longo-turrita, tenui, striatula, diaphana, sordide cornea; spira convexo-turrita, apice acutiuscula; anfr. 74 vix convexiusculis, ultimo 3 longitudinis subequante, basi parum attenuato, rotundato ; columella recedente ; apertura obliqua, oblongo-ovali ; perist. simplice, recto, margine columellari sursum dilatato, reflexo. Long. 31, diam. 113 mill. Hab. Meobamba, Peru (Mr. Gueinzius). 46. ParTuLA puRPURASCENS, Pfr. P. testa perforata, ovato- conica, solidu, oblique striata striisque spiralibus confertis di- stincte decussata, nitida, purpurascenti-fusca ; spira convexo- conica, acuta; sutura levi; anfr. 54 vir conveziusculis, ultimo spiram subequante, peripheria subangulato, basi rotundato ; colu- mella leviter arcuata ; apertura parum obliqua, truncato-oblonga ; perist. fusco-violaceo, undique patente et reflexiusculo. Long. 22, diam. 14 mill. Hab, ——? 47. PARTULA CALLIFERA, Pfr. P. testa umbilicata, ovato-conica, solida, sublevigata (sub lente punctulato-striata), albida; spira convexiusculo-conica, obiusula; sutura levi; anfr. 5 convexius- culis, ultimo spira paulo longiore, inflato; columella subverticali, superne tuberculifera, intus plicata; apertura vir obliqua, sinuato- oblonga, dente profundo parietali coarctata; perist. incrassato, 334 dilatato, marginibus callo junctis, dextro supra medium callo ob- longo intus munito. Long. 19, diam. 11 mill. Hab. ——? 48. Parruta LavicaTa, Pfr. P. testa profunde rimata, ovato- conica, solida, levigata (sub lente vie striatula), nitida, lutescente ; spira conica, oblusula; sutura mediocri; anfr. 5 convexiusculis, ultimo spiram subequante, prope suturam tumidiore, basi rotun- dato ; columella supra medium introrsum nodoso-plicata ; apertura vie obliqua, oblonga, tuberculo profundo anfractus penultimi co- arctato ; perist. crasso, albo, undique patente, margine columellari superne dilatato, adnato. Long. 20, diam. 10 mill. Hab. [ 49. Parruxa tivacina, Pfr. P. testa subobtecte perforata, ovato- conica, solida, sub lente spiraliter striata, nitidula, lilacina; spira conica, acuta; sutura levi; anfr. 54 vix convexiusculis, ultimo spiram subequante, rotundato; columella superne tuberculo sub- circumscripto munita ; apertura obliqua, truncato- oblonga ; perist. incrassato, ulbido, breviter expanso, margine columellari fere adnato. Long. 173, diam. 10 mill. Hab. Marquesas Islands. 50. ACHATINELLA (ACHATINELLASTRUM) OvuM, Pfr. A. testa sinistrorsa, imperforata, globoso-conica, solida, ruguloso- striata, nitidula, albida; spira concaviusculo-conica, apice acuta ; sutura profunde mayginata ; anfr. 54, superis planis, sequentibus convevis, ultimo inflato, spira vix breviore ; piica columellari crassa, tuberculiformi, pallide lilacea ; apertura diagonali, sinuato- semicirculari ; perist. recto, nigro-fusco, limbato, intus crenato- labiato. Long. 194, diam. 13 mill. Hab. Oahu, Sandwich Islands (Dr. Newcomb). 51. ACHATINELLA (LAMINELLA) FARCIMEN, Pfr. A. testa si- nistrorsa, subperforata, oblongo-conica, solidula, rugulosa, sub epidermide nigricante albida ; spira superne in conum acutum nu- dum terminata; anfr. 7, superis planis, 2 ultimis perconvevis, ultimo 4 longitudinis paulo superante, medio subangulato ; plica columellari compressa, obliqua ; apertura obliqua, semiovali, intus alba; perist. simplice, recto, margine columellari subpatente. Long. 19, diam. 9 mill. Hab. Mani, Sandwich Islands (Dr. Newcomb). 52. AcwaTrne“iLA (LasBreLia) cALiosa, Pfr. A. testa imper- forata, dextrorsa, fusiformi-oblonga, solida, leviter striatula, sub epidermide tenui fulvida alba; spira elongata, ventroso-conica, vit 335 apice obtusula ; sutura sublacera; anfr. 8 planiusculis, ultimo 1. longitudinis paulo superante, basi attenuato ; plica columellari acute dentiformi, alba ; apertura vir obliqua, acuminato-elliptica ; perist. calloso, obtuso, margine dextro intus obsolete dentato. Long. 16, diam. 6 mill. Hab. Oahu, Sandwich Islands (Dr. Newcomb). 53. ACHATINA (VarIcELLA) GuaprLoupensis, Pfr. 4. testa oblongo-turrita, teaui, levigata, nitidissima, pellucida, virenti- cornea, varicibus arcuatis, vir prominulis, castaneo-marginatis passim munita ; spira regulariter attenuata, apice obtusa ; anfr. 7 convexiusculis, ultimo + longitudinis subequante, basi attenuato ; columella perarcuata, basi anguste truncata i apertura vie obliqua, acuminato-ovali ; perist. tenui, margine dextro antrorsum dilatato, rufo-limbato. Long. 14, diam. 42 mill. Hab. In insula Guadeloupe (Mr. Caillet). 54. Sprraxis Sanpwicuensis, Pfr. Sp. testa subperforata, ob- longo-turrita, solidula, cerea ; spira turrita, obtusula ; anfr. 7+ planiusculis, infra suturam plicatis, ultimo 2 longitudinis paulo superante ; columella compressa, torta ; apertura vix obligua, ovali ; perist. simplice, marginibus callo tenui junctis, dextro an- trorsum subdilatato, columellari subreflexo. Long. 9, diam. 3 mill. Hab. Sandwich Islands ( Dr. Newcomb). 55. SPrRaxis OBsOLETA, Pfr. Sp. testa subperforata, oblongo- turrita, tenui, levissime striatula, pellucida, nitida, pallide cornea ; Spira convexiusculo-turrita, obtusa 3 sutura marginata ; anfr. 64 convexiusculis, ultimo 2 longitudinis Sormante ; columella acuta, medio leviter torta ; apertura viz obligua, elliptico-ovali ; perist. simplice, margine columellari brevissime reflexo, subadnato Long. 8, diam. 3 mill. Hab. Sandwich Islands (Dr. Newcomb), 56. ToRNATELLINA Gouxnr, Pfr. T. testa ovato-conica, tenui, sublevigata, pellucida, cornea ; spira elongato-conica, apice obtu- sula; anfr. 51 convexis, ultimo = longitudinis subequante, rotun- dato ; apertura obliqua, erecto-lunari, lamella valida intrante pa- rietali et plica crassa triangulari columelle coarctata ; perist. recto, tenui. Long. 4, diam. 21 mill. Hab. ? 57. TORNATELLINA Newcomsat, Pfr. T testa perforata, ovato- lurrita, tenui, sublevigata, parum nitida, diaphana, pallide cornea ; spira subrectilineari, conica, obtusula ; anfr. 7 subplanis, ultimo 3 longitudinis vix formante, basi convexo; apertura obliqua, ro- 336 tundato-lunari, lamella mediocri parietali et plicis 2 parallelis columelle coarctata ; perist. simplice, recto. Long. 4, diam. 23 mill. Hab. Sandwich Islands (Dr. Newcomb). 58. TORNATELLINA PERFORATA, Pfr. T. testa perforata, ovato- turrita, arcuato-striata, tenui, albido-hyalina ; spira elongata, apice acuta; anfr. 7 convexis, ad suturam distanter plicatulis, ultimo 4 longitudinis paulo superante ; lamella parietali minuta ; apertura vix obligua, sinuato-ovali, acuminata ; columella lamina torta munita ; perist. tenui, margine dextro recto, superne antror- sum arcuato, basali expanso, columellari fornicatim reflexo, patente. Long. 18, diam. 7} mill. Hab. Venezuela. . Descriptions oF SrxtTEEN New Species or PNEUMONO- POMA, FROM THE COLLECTION oF H. CumING, Esa. By Dr. L. Prerrrer. A. OpisOPHTHALMA. 1. Diptommatina Canrori, Pfr. D. testa subrimata, sinis- trorsa, ovato-oblonga, tenuiuscula, confertim et oblique plicata, albida ; spira ovata, in conum acutiusculum terminata ; anfr. 6 convexiusculis, ultimo ascendente, 4 longitudinis vix super- ante ; apertura subverticali, circulari ; perist. subsimplice, con- tinuo, superne adnato, ceterum breviter expanso. Long. 2, diam. 1 mill. Hab. Lord Howe’s Island, New Hebrides (Mr. Maegillivray). 2. TRUNCATELLA CryLantca, Pfr. Tr. festa subrimata, atte- nuato-cylindracea, striatula, pellucida, nitida, corneo-rufa vel flavescente ; anfr. superst. 4, supremis 2 rotundatis, reliquis planioribus, omnibus ad suturam plicato-crenatis, ultimo basi non compresso ; apertura verticali, ampla, angulato-subovali ; perist. continuo, margine dextro tenui, expansiusculo, columel- lari leviter arcuato, appresso. Long. 6, diam. 2 mill. Hab. Ceylon. 3. TRUNCATELLA TERES, Pfr. Tr. testa vix subrimata, cylin- drica, tenuiuscula, longitudinaliter magis minusve distincte costulata, pellucida, nitida, rufo-cornea; sutura marginata, valide plicato-crenata ; anfr. superst. 4 subequalibus, convex- iusculis, ultimo basi breviter cristato, calloso, albido ; aper- tura verticali, late ovali, superne angulata, ad dextram dila- tata; perist. simplice, continuo, margine dextro expansiusculo, columellari adnato. Long. 6, diam. 2 mill. Hab. Isle of Mauritius, and Trinity Bay, Australia. 337 4. TRUNCATELLA BarBapensis, Pfr. Tr. testa subrimata, cylindracea, sursum vix attenuata, solidula, costulis confertis, obtusis, subrectis regulariter seulpta, sericina, rufo-cornea ; sutura profunda ; anfr. superst. 43 perconvexis, lente accres- centibus, ultimo basi crista albida, antice peristoma cingente munito; apertura verticali, ovali, superne subrotundata, basi subeffusa ; perist. continuo, margine dextro expanso et reflex- tusculo, perarcuato, columellari subadnato. Long. 61, diam. 2 mill. Hab, Island of Barbadoes, West Indies. B. EcroraTHatma. 5. CycLostoma (Cyctorus) paucinum, Pfr. C. testa umbili- cata, depressa, solidula, subangulata, daucina vel albida 3 Spira parum elevata ; sutura simplice ; anfr. 42 convexis, sensim ac- crescentibus, superioribus spiraliter striatis, ultimo rugoso, carina mediocri, antice evanescente munito ; umbilico conico, = diametri paulo superante ; apertura parum obliqua, subcir- culari ; perist. simplice, recto, ad anfr. penultimum breviter interrupto. Opere. anguste et obsolete spiratum. Diam. maj. 12, min. 10, alt. 6 mill. Hab. Salomon’s Islands. 6. CycLtosroma (OptstHororvs) Cocuincuinenss, Pfr. C. testa late umbilicata, discoidea, solida, vix striatula, sub epi- dermide fulvida alba, radiis pellucidis notata ; spira subplana, medio viz elevata ; anfr. 5 convexis, ultimo terete, antice soluto, pone aperturam spiraculo versus anfr. penultimum curvato mu. nito ; apertura circulari ; perist. subsimplice, viz expansiusculo, superne levissime inciso. Opere. ? Diam. maj. 20, min. 16, alt. 7 mill. Hab. Cochin China. 7. CycLosroma (OrisrHororus) EURYoMPHALUM, Pfr. C. testa late umbilicata, depressa, subdiscoidea, solidula, striatula, lutescente, strigis angulosis castaneis, superne latis, subtus linea- ribus, picta ; spira plana, vertice nigro viz prominulo ; anfr. 41, prope suturam canaliculatam subangulatis, ultimo antice vir descendente, 4 mill. pone aperturam spiraculo brevi retroflexo munito ; umbilico dimidium diametri Jere oceupante ; apertura diagonal, subcireulari ; perist. duplice, interno breviter ex- panso, ad anfr. penultimum subinciso, externo superne alatim dilatato, latere dextro patente, sinistro obsoleto. Opere. cal- careum, angustispirum. Diam. maj. 15, min. 12, alt. 4 mill. Hab. Borneo. 8. CycLtosroma (CycLornorvs) Surpxayt, Pfr. C. testa um- bilicata, depressa, tenuiuscula, membranaceo-striata, Sulva, cas- No. CCCXXII.—Procrepings or THE ZooOLoGIcaL Society 338 taneo oblique strigata; spira vir elevata; anfr. 4 convevis, ultimo terete ; umbilico = diametri oceupante ; apertura obli- qua, subcirculari ; perist. simplice, recto, ad anfractum conti- guum viz interrupto. Operc. ? Diam. maj. 7, min. 6, alt. 3 mill. Hab. Neilgherries, India (Mr. Conway Shiplay). 9. CycLostoma (LEepTropomaA) sicnatumM, Pfr. C. testa per- Sorata, globoso-turbinata, tenui, sub lente decussatula et lineis filaribus, subelevatis, subdistantibus cincta, diaphana, lutes- centi-cornea, strigis confertis rufis fulgurata ; spira turbinata, acutiuscula ; anfr. 5 converis, ultimo spiram subequante, 5- lirato ; apertura diagonali, subcirculari ; perist. subincrassato, patente, marginibus fere contiguis, columellari angustiore. Operc. ? Diam. maj. 11, min. 82, alt. 82 mill. Hab. Borneo. 10. Cyctostoma (LepTorpomMa) pupLicatum, Pfr. C. testa anguste umbilicata, globoso-turbinata, solidula, undique confer- tim spiraliter striata lirisque filiformibus distantibus cincta, fulva, strigis fulguratis rufis ornata ; spira elevata, acutius- cula; anfr. 5 convexis, ultimo superne turgido, infra medium carina levi munito; apertura obliqua, subangulato-cireulari ; perist. subcontinuo, albo, duplice, interno viz porrecto, externo expanso et reflexiusculo, latere sinistro quasi abscisso. Operc. ? Diam. maj. 10, min. 8, alt. 7 mill. Hab. 2 11. Cyctosroma (Cyciostomus) Borvyin1, Pfr. C. testa ob- tecte perforata, globoso-turbinata, tenuiuscula, spiraliter obso- lete lirata ; griseo et fulvido variegata, spadiceo multifasciata ; spira turbinata ; anfr. fere 6 turgidis, celeriter accrescentibus, ultimo ventroso, peripheria carina | compressa, albida munito, circa umbilicum confertim spiraliter lirato ; apertura subverti- cali, oblongo-rotundata, intus nigricanti-sanguinea ; perist. tenui,'ad anfr. penultimum subemarginato, superne producto, margine dextro et basali late patente, columellari angusto, supra umbilicum dilatato, adnato. Opere. ? Diam. maj. 29, min. 23, alt. 25 mill. Hab. Nos-bé, Madagascar (Mr. Boivin). 12. CycLosroma (CycLostomvus) microcHasma, Pfr. C. testa umbilicata, depresse turbinato-globosa, tenuiuscula, spiraliter confertim lirata, striis incrementi vix decussatula, albido-lutes- cente; spira turbinata, obtusula; anfr. 44 convexis, ultimo terete, infra peripheriam fascia latiuscula castanea ornato ; umbilico conico, + diametri fere occupante ; apertura parum obliqua, parvula, fere circulari ; perist. tenui, vix expansius- 339 culo, marginibus fere contiguis, ad anfr. penultimum callo brevi junctis. Operc. ? Diam. maj. 18, min. 154, alt. 12 mill. Hab. Madagascar. 13. CycLtosroma (CycLostomvs) SARCODES, Pfr. C. testa umbilicata, turbinata, solidula, liris obtusis subconfertis striis. que ulas transgredientibus creberrimis sculpta, carnea, fusco- violaceo uni- vel plurifasciata ; spira turbinata, acutiuscula ; anfr. 5 convexis, ultimo circa umbilicum angustum, subpervium iris angustioribus, prominentioribus munito ; apertura fere verticali, ovali-rotundata ; perist. anguste expanso, breviter adnato, superne subangulato. Opere. ? Diam. maj. 17, min. 14, alt. 14 mill. Hab. Madagascar. 14. Carautus Cuminer, Pfr. C. testa vir rimata, turrito- Susiformi, solidula, subgranulato-striata, daucino-fusca ; spira convexo-turrita, apice acutiuscula ; sutura submarginata ; anfr. 8 viz convexiusculis, penultimo convexiore, ultimo attenuato, basi axin vix excedente ; carina umbilicali compressa, albida, angulatim patula; periomphalo mediocri, turgido, distinctius striato ; apertura subcirculari 3 perist. albo, continuo, incras- sato, fornicatim patente, superne anguste adnato, ceterum di- latato, basi longe producto, canali infundibuliformi perforato. Long. 202, diam. medio 7 mill. Hab. Ceylon (Mr. Thwattes). 15. Hexicrna Ip, Pfr. testa conoideo-depressa, tenuius- eula, striata, lineis spiralibus impressis distantibus sculpta, nitida, lutea vel carnea 3 Spira conoidea, acutiuscula 3 anfr. 5 planiusculis, ultimo peripheria subangulato, basi convexiore ; callo basalt tenui, concolore ; columella brevi, antrorsum sub- dentata; apertura diagonali, subsemicirculari 3 perist. acuto, breviter expanso, intus labiato. Operc. ? Diam. maj. 8, min. 62, alt. 41 mill. Hab. Ceram (Mrs. Ida Pfeiffer). 16. Hexicrna virens, Pfr. JZ. testa conoidea, solida, striatula et sub lente minute spiraliter striata, carinata, nitida, albido- virente ; spira convexo-conoidea, apice acuta; sutura margi- nata, carina interdum prominente ; anfr. 6 vix convexiusculis, summis interdum rufo-fasciatis, ultimo antice vix descendente, peripheria acute albocarinato, basi parum convexo ; apertura diagonali, subtriangulari-semiovali ; columella brevi, superne leviter impressa, callum emittente ctreumscriptum, luteum, sub- granulatum ; perist. acuto, albo, expanso. Opere. tenue, cas- taneum. Diam. maj. 112, min. 10, alt. 8 mill. Hab. if 340 7. DescripTions or Four New Species or KELLIADZ IN THE CoLtEecTion or Hueu Cuming, Ese. By Sytvanus HAntey. 1. Montacuta Coauimsensis. WM. testa ovata vel obovata, inequilaterali, antice obtusissime angulata, postice longiore et late rotundata ; tenui, subpellucida, maxime compressa, infra epidermidem lutescentem albida (intus albo-submargaritacea), concentrice et argutissime rugulosa ; margine ventrali integro, convexo ; margine dorsali utrinque, prope nates acutissimas, subretuso vel subrecto, antice subdeclivi, postice vix declivi, lunula angustissima planulata impressa; fossula ligamentali apicali late trigona inter dentes duos laterales (altera in valvula subobsoletos) breves divergentes prominentesque occlusa. Lat. 2 poll. Hab. Coquimbo, in fine sand, 6 fathoms (H. C.). The cartilage-pit is attached to the umbo, and edged below with acurved rim. The lateral scars are large, and well marked ; the pallial line is perceptibly simple. It is a somewhat aberrant species. 2. KELLIA TELLINOIDES. 4K. testa rotundato-ovali, rarius subrhombea, subequilaterali, solidiuscula, haud pellucida, ni- tida, candida, levi, subventricosa ; margine ventrali intus simplice, postice arcuato, antice subrecto, ascendente ; margine dorsali utrinque subrecto et vix declivi ; umbonibus prominulis ; natibus acutis ; superficie interna submargaritacea; impres- sionibus muscularibus magnis (presertim antica) ; linea pal- liari simplice ; in utroque valvula dentibus lateralibus duobus, validis, subequidistantibus et dente unico apicali antico. Lat. 2 poll. Hab. Baclayon, Isle of Bohol, Philippines, under stones. The shape, as in most of the Kelliade, is wont to vary. It is obtusely rounded behind, and in front is either very bluntly peaked, or obliquely subtruncated at the ventral corner. 3. Pyruina mactroipes. PP. festa transversim subtrigona, equilaterali vel subequilaterali, utringue rotundata, magis minusve solida, compresso-convexa, extus albido-lutescente, intus alba, nitida, levi (sub lente minutissime punctulata) ; margine ventrali integro, subrecto, in medio subretuso; margine dorsali utrinque subrecto et subequaliter declivi ; natibus acutis, pro- minentibus, haud recurvis ; cardine utriusque valvule dentibus lateralibus duobus, solidis, subtrigonis, approximatis, in v. si- nistra cum cardinali unico obliquo, acuto, angusto, et in v. dextra cum tuberculo dentiformi ad basim d. lateralis antici superimposito. Lat. 53; poll. Hab. Cape of Good Hope. The muscular impressions are well developed, and the simplicity of the pallial line clearly perceptible. Allied to Bornia corbuloides of Philippi. ee Pe ee ore ve 5 alls alten ne ee ee Aor WaeTUP HT 2 HK “TT SOM (A 341 4. PyTHInA NucuLoIpEs. P. testa ovata, obtuse subcunei- Sormi, valde inequilaterali, postice duplo longiore et rotundato- subattenuata, antice rotundato-subtruncata ; 8olidiuscula, con- vera, levi, extus intusque albida, nitida ; margine ventrali crenato, convexo, postice acclivi; margine dorsali antice ab- rupte declivi et (vix subconvexo) postice convexo et modice declivi ; natibus subacutis; superficie interna sulcis obsoletis inferne ornata: cardine valvule dextre dente laterali flexo, solido, brevi, prominente, approximato, postice subtruncato, et dente apicali valido, trigono, prominente, unico; valvule sinistre dente laterali longiore, solidiusculo, postice truncato, et car- dinalibus duobus, quorum apicalis oblique prominet, minorque contiguus est sublaminaris. Long. 3, lat. 2 poll. Hab. Huacna, Society Islands, under stones on reefs (Cuming). The shape resembles that of Nucula nucleus. The narrow carti- lage is attached to the front of the lateral tooth: the hinge-margin exhibits a minute shagreen-like crenulation ; the muscular impres- sions are strongly marked, and the pallial line perceptibly simple. Récluz’s description of his Erycina donacina would apply to this shell, were it not for the dentition. November 11, 1856. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., in the Chair. The following papers were read :— 1. On a New Species or Squirrew (ScruRus MACROTIS) FROM Borneo. By J. E. Gray, Ph.D., F.R.S. erc. (Mammalia, Pl. XLVI.) Among the specimens of animals which the British Museum has lately received from Mr. Wallace from Sarawak, is a large, well-marked species of Squirrel, particular for having very large, longish pen- cilled ears like the European species, with a broad white streak on the upper part of each side, and a very broad full tail, grisled, with large white tips to the hairs. Sciurus macrotis. (PI. XLVI.) Ears large, with large pencil of elongate hairs. Dark chestnut- brown, very minutely grisled with pale tips to the hairs. Rump, out- side of thighs and base of tail redder ; point of thighs bright bay ; feet. blackish ; upper part of the side with a broad pale streak ; cheeks and inner side of legs paler; chin, throat, and beneath white 5 tail very broad, with very long white-tipped hairs. Length 13, tail 11=24 inches. Hab. Sarawak (Mr. Wallace). . 342 2. OBSERVATIONS ON A Livinc AFRICAN LEPIDOSIREN IN THE Crystat Pauace. By J. E. Gray, Ph.D., F.R.S. Accom- PANIED BY A Note rrom Mr. A. D. Barrett. (Reptilia, Pl. XI.) This animal has been exhibited for some months at the Crystal Palace, appears to be in good health, and has increased in size. Mr. W. Hawkins, in the ‘ Illustrated News’ (Supp. 20 Sept. 1856), which gives a very good figure of the animal from life, observes :— ‘The three living specimens of this animal were brought to En- gland from the Gambia, enclosed in balls of hard clay, where they had been for eight months without showing any signs of life, until those balls of hard clay were immersed in water, which caused the clay to crack and break up, discovering dark-coloured egg-like forms, which also presently burst, liberating their inmates, which briskly swam or rather dashed through the water, showing unmistakeable signs of life by feeding voraciously upon very large worms, small frogs and pieces of meat that were presented them.” The Lepidosiren uses its tail to propel itself forward and upward towards the surface of the water. The subulate limbs are very much elongated ; the front ones are furnished with a narrow membrana- ceous margin of nearly equal width the whole length of the hinder edge; the hinder one has a narrow membrane on the middle of the outer side ; they are exceedingly mobile and flexible, and are used by the animal to direct its motions, and are more like feet than fins, especially when they are within reach of some fixed body which the animal can use as a fulerum. There are two processes on each side over the base of the anterior members, which have been regarded as gills by some authors *; they are coloured like the rest of the body, and I could not discover, even when examined by a hand-magnifier of one inch focal length, that they were pervaded by any peculiar vascular structure, or furnished with any cirri or other processes usually found on the external gills of Batrachia. They scarcely moved during the time that I was exa- mining the specimen, except when the animal was swimming, when they were used like the larger members, apparently to assist in di- recting its motions, and they evidently form part of the anterior mem- bers. They are placed rather close together somewhat above the base of the elongated finned filament. These limbs are used to sup- port the animal some height above the surface of the gravel when it is at rest. Indeed, all the motions of the animal much more resemble those of a Triton or Lissotriton than of an eel-shaped fish. The upper and lower surfaces of the head are furnished with lines of mucous pores placed in a symmetrical manner on the two sides, similar to the pores observable on the head and chin of different kinds of fish, and of Tritons and Lissotritons: and there is a distinct * See Peters, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. xvi. 348. 343 continuous line of pores, like the lateral line of fish and Tritons, which is continued on the tail some distance behind the base of the hinder members, but becoming less distinct at the hinder part of the series. The eyes are of moderate size, scarcely raised above the surface, round, without any eyelids; the pupil is black, small, circular, less than one-third the diameter of the globe, with a narrow golden iris. The Mud Fish is generally to be obseryed swimming about under the water, or resting at the bottom of the tank, supporting itself by its members, an inch and a half or two inches above the surface of the gravel, with its nose generally in the corner, bent down and partly hidden in the gravel. ' The mouth is firmly closed by the overhanging upper lip, except in front, where there is a small oblong, transverse, horizontal open- ing on the outer edge of the lips, admitting the water to the small open external nostrils, which are on the middle of the under side of the upper lip. This opening does not extend to the hinder part of the lips, which are closed behind it, so that water cannot enter the mouth in that direction except through the nostrils. In this quiescent state the lateral gill-opening is generally closed, but sometimes it is slightly elevated, and a small current appears to be emitted now and then from it, as if a small quantity of water were taken in by the nostrils and emitted by the gill-flap; but this action is not continuous nor very distinctly visible. While remaining under the water the animal sometimes opens the mouth to its full extent, leaving it open for some time, dilating the throat by the action of the os hyoides ; when fully dilated it closes its mouth, opens the gill-aperture, and contracting the throat emits a strong current of water through the lateral gill-aperture. It occasionally but at uncertain periods rises perpendicularly to the top of the water, until the front part of the head and the whole mouth are exposed above the water ; it then opens its mouth, which it retains open for a time, dilates its throat, as if taking in all the air it can contain, closes the mouth, descends under the surface and con- tracts its throat, as if it were forcing the air into the lungs (sometimes during this action one or two very small bubbles of air are emitted at the gill-aperture), and then the animal takes up its old position near the bottom of the vase. Tonce saw the animal ascend and so take in air almost imme- diately after it had been passing a fresh supply of water to its gills. When I have been observing it, it appeared to take in air more fre- quently than water *. It often rises with its body perpendicular, as * Mr. W. Hawkins in the ‘ Illustrated News’ observes :—“ It is seeu habitually torise to the surface of the water for a larger supply of atmospheric air, thrusting its open mouth above the surface.” Dr. Holbrook appears to have observed the same habit in the Necturus macu- losus (which is probably the larva of the Hell-bender or Protonopsis horrida). He states that that animal in confinement ‘ ascends to the surface (of the water), taking in a mouthful of air, and sinks again with it to the bottom.”—Amer. Herpet. i. 113. 344 if it were going to.take in free air, but descends again without reaching the surface of the water. The organs of respiration of this animal are twofold :— 1. Well-organized gills on the inner edge of the branchial arches, as in fishes, and a regular gill-cover with a small oblong aperture in front of the base of the anterior members (see Owen, Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. t. 25. f. 3, t. 26. f. 1). 2. Two well-developed cellular lungs of nearly equal size (see Owen, Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. t. 25. f. 3, t. 26. f. 1, 2). 3. The nostrils are close together, situated on the under side of the inner lip, with their internal opening on the side of the mouth between the lips and the outer edge of the large inner series of teeth ; the passage is short, as a probe is easily passed from the one open- ing to the other, and the inner nostrils are very evident in the living animal when it opens its mouth to take in air. M. Bischoff observed these interior nostrils also in the Curamuru or Lepidosiren paradowa of the Brazils. The animal is, therefore, provided with well-developed organs for both aérial and aquatic respiration, and its manner of breathing is perfectly conformable to this organization: it is consequently the most perfectly amphibious animal, equally adapted for living on land or in water, that has come under my observation. The character which best separates the Batrachian—as the Toad, Frog and Salamander—from the Fish, is, that in both the larva and perfect state they are provided with an external and internal nostril, and it is through this nostril that these animals take in or emit the air which they respire ; while in fish, the water which they respire is taken in by the mouth, and after passing over the gills is emitted by the lateral aperture of the gill-flap ; the nostril being only a sac, without any communication with the cavity of the mouth. When a Batrachian respires, the mouth is kept closed, the throat being used like a pair of bellows to force the air into the lungs ; and if the mouth is kept open, the animal dies for want of the power of respiring. In fish, on the contrary, the mouth is always more or less open, the fish either constantly gulping in the water, then closing the mouth or lips, and emitting it by the lateral opening ; or the mouth is partially open, and the animal uses its tongue and the hinder internal edge of the lip as a kind of valve, by which the cavity of the mouth is closed and the water is forced to pass through the gills. The Lepidosirens appear to take in water by the nostrils, and at the same time to respire both air as Batrachians and water as fish. The generality of the Amphibia, as the Toads, Frogs, and Efts or Salamanders, are organized for aquatic respiration in their young and lower state, and: for aérial respiration in their adult condition; but this animal has both kinds of organs in a state fit for perfect use at the same time, and the animal evidently uses them simultaneously. It appears to me that the Mud-fish is much more nearly related to the Amphibia than to any fish that I am acquainted with; at the same time it evidently forms a particular group in that class. hhArne Kent Puy ar a le), yf: Punrese, a 345 Dr. Daniel, who has lived for several years on the Gambia and on Macarthy’s Islands, informs me that the Lepidosiren, like the Mud Eel or true Siren, is only found in the rice-fields, which are for more than half the year under water, and that they are only procured by the natives towards the end of the dry season, when they are dug out of the nearly-dried mud. They are eaten fried, and like Eels have a rich oily flavour. The habit of living in the mud is common to several Amphibia ; thus the Mud-eel, or Siren lacertina, which has lungs and external gills, lives chiefly in mud, being dug out when the ditches of the rice-fields in Carolina are cleared. The Hell-bender or Mud-devil (Protonopsis horrida) and the Congo Snake (Amphiuma), which have internal gills and lungs and a small lateral gill-opening, live sunk in the mud often to the depth of 2 or 3 feet, especially in winter ; and they and the Siren lacertina will live for some time out of water, wm he u Avtar hte Hom fudiiort reh yo _ —— ms, MO. ¥7..20 2: will inal ys. twu-ponea ligaru: uuey project themselves forward on their bony arms by the elastic spring of the tail exserted sideways ; their pro- gress is nearly as fast as a man will leisurely walk.”—Zool. Journ. iv. 243. “The Indians say that these fishes carry water within them for a supply on their journey. There appears to be some truth in this statement, for I have observed that the bodies of the Hassar do not get dry like those of other fishes when taken out of the water; and if the moisture be absorbed, or they are wiped dry with a cloth, they . have such a power of secretion that they become instantly moist again ; indeed it is scarcely possible to dry the surface while the fish is living.””"—Loce. cit. 243: ~ Dr. Hancock further observes, that a fish which he thinks is Lori- caria pleistomus “is not only furnished with the common appendages for swimming, but also with four strong bony supporters, one attached to each of the pectoral and belly fins (i. e. constituting the first ray of each), by which the animal creeps on the bottom of the river, and 344 if it were going to-take in free air, but descends again without reaching the surface of the water. The organs of respiration of this animal are twofold :— 1. Well-organized gills on the inner edge of the branchial arches, as in fishes, and a regular gill-cover with a small oblong aperture in front of the base of the anterior members (see Owen, Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. t. 25. f. 3, t. 26. f. 1). 2. Two well-developed cellular lungs of nearly equal size (see Owen, Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. t. 25. f. 3, t. 26. f. 1, 2). 3. The nostrils are close together, situated on the under side of the inner lip, with their internal opening on the side of the mouth between the lips and the outer edge of the large inner series of teeth ; the passage is short, as a probe is easily passed from the one open- ing to the other, and the inner nostrils are very evident in the living animal when it opens its mouth to take in air. M. Bischoff observed these interior nostrils olen += 4h 7 1 7 bot] peri mos or ii T Fro; perf and air V is ta by t] with Ww being if th TO : je a or less open, the fish either constantly gulping in the water, then closing the mouth or lips, and emitting it by the lateral opening ; or the mouth is partially open, and the animal uses its tongue and the hinder internal edge of the lip as a kind of valve, by which the cavity of the mouth is closed and the water is forced to pass through the gills. The Lepidosirens appear to take in water by the nostrils, and at the same time to respire both air as Batrachians and water as fish. The generality of the Amphibia, as the Toads, Frogs, and Efts or Salamanders, are organized for aquatic respiration in their young and lower state, and: for aérial respiration in their adult condition ; but this animal has both kinds of organs in a state fit for perfect use at the same time, and the animal evidently uses them simultaneously. It appears to me that the Mud-fish is much more nearly related to the Amphibia than to any fish that I am acquainted with ; at the same time it evidently forms a particular group in that class. 345 Dr. Daniel, who has lived for several years on the Gambia and on Macarthy’s Islands, informs me that the Lepidosiren, like the Mud Eel or true Siren, is only found in the rice-fields, which are for more than half the year under water, and that they are only procured by the natives towards the end of the dry season, when they are dug out of the nearly-dried mud. They are eaten fried, and like Eels have a rich oily flavour. The habit of living in the mud is common to several Amphibia ; thus the Mud-eel, or Siren lacertina, which has lungs and external gills, lives chiefly in mud, being dug out when the ditches of the rice-fields in Carolina are cleared. The Hell-bender or Mud-devil (Protonopsis horrida) and the Congo Snake (Amphiuma), which have internal gills and lungs and a small lateral gill-opening, live sunk in the mud often to the depth of 2 or 3 feet, especially in winter ; and they and the Stren lacertina will live for some time out of water, and are said sometimes to leave it voluntarily. Aquatic animals much more frequently bury themselves in the mud than is generally supposed. The common English Frogs and the large Efts bury themselves in the mud during the greater part of the winter, and this also is the case with Dytisci and other aquatic insects. But some fish also, which have only gills adapted for aquatic re- Spiration, have the same habit. Dr. Hancock observes, ‘“‘ When the water is leaving the pools in which they commonly reside, the Yar- row (a species of Esoz, Linn.), as well as the round-headed Hassar (Callichthys littoralis), bury themselves in the mud, while all other fishes perish for want of their natural element, or are picked up by rapacious birds. The flat-headed Hassar (Doras costata), on the con- trary, simultaneously quits the place and marches overland in search of water, travelling for a whole night, as is asserted by the Indians, in search of their object. I have ascertained by trial that they will live many hours out of water even when exposed to the sun’s rays. Their motion over land is described to be somewhat like that of a two-polled lizard: they project themselves forward on their bony arms by the elastic spring of the tail exserted sideways ; their pro- gress is nearly as fast as a man will leisurely walk.”—Zool. Journ. iv. 243. “The Indians say that these fishes carry water within them for a supply on their journey. There appears to be some truth in this statement, for I have observed that the bodies of the Hassar do not get dry like those of other fishes when taken out of the water; and if the moisture be absorbed, or they are wiped dry with a cloth, they - have such a power of secretion that they become instantly moist again ; indeed it is scarcely possible to dry the surface while the fish is living.”—Loe. cit. 243. ~ Dr. Hancock further observes, that a fish which he thinks is Lori- caria pleistomus “is not only furnished with the common appendages for swimming, but also with four strong bony supporters, one attached to each of the pectoral and belly fins (i. e. constituting the first ray of each), by which the animal creeps on the bottom of the river, and 346 perhaps where there is little or no water, also being as it seems partly amphibious,”’—Loce. cit. 243. From this account, it appears that the habits of these fish bear very little relation to those of the Mud-fish. It is well known that many freshwater Mollusca which respire free air, and I believe some of those which are furnished with pectiniform ~ gills for aquatic respiration, as Paludine and Valvate, in the warmer climates, such as India, where the waters of the streams or ponds are dried up, bury themselves in the mud to a considerable depth like the Mud-fish, and like them remain in a torpid state until the return of the rainy season. Sir William Jardine has described the kind of cocoon in the clay in which the Mud-fish are brought to this country; but I am in- formed by Mr. Bartlett that the cavity is always furnished with a small aperture opposite to where the nose of the animal is placed. In referring this animal to the class of Fishes, authors have laid great stress on the fact of its being provided with a lateral line. Thus M. Duméril, in the last essay on the subject, notices the line, ‘which is ramified on the sides of the head as in Chimera,” over- looking the fact that the Triton eristatus, the common Eft, has similar lines on both the sides and head. He compares the gill-rays and branchial aperture to that of Mormyrus and Cobitis, but they — are equally like those of Protonopsis ; and he compares the nostrils to those of the Lamprey, overlooking the fact that the animal is provided with nostrils communicating with the cavity of the mouth, See Erp. Générale, ix. 213. I have been informed that this genus is found in other parts of Africa, as Senegal, where it is called Tobal, and the White Nile, from whence M. Armaud sent specimens to the Paris Museum in 1843 ; and Dr. Peters found a species in Quillemanes, which Peters and J. Miiller have called Rhinoeryptes amphibia. In reply to a note I had addressed to him, I have received the following interesting communication from Mr. Bartlett, who at the same time informed me that he intended to have communicated it to the next meeting of the Society :— “ Crystal Palace, Sydenham, November 17th, 1856. “Dear Sir,—In reply to your note respecting the living Mud- fish, I beg to say that in the month of June last I received from Western Africa a case containing four specimens of this animal ; each specimen was imbedded in a block of dry hard muddy clay, about the size of a quartern loaf; these blocks of clay were each sown up in a piece of canvas to prevent the clay crumbling or falling to pieces. According to the instructions I received from Capt. Chamberlayne (the gentleman who sent them), I placed them in a tank of fresh water at the temperature of 83 degrees ; in doing this a portion of the clay crumbled off one of them and partly exposed the case in which the animal was contained ; I was watching the operation when sud- denly the case or cocoon rose to the surface of the water. I at first 347 thought the animal contamed in it must be dead, but I shortly after- wards observed a slight motion: apparently the animal was endea- vouring to extricate itself, and this it soon afterwards accomplished by breaking through the side of its tough covering; it swam about immediately, and by diving into the mud and clay, which by this time had become softened, rendered it difficult to make further ob- servations ; I removed the case or cocoon, which still floated, and which I now send for your examination. On the following morning I found that two more of the animals had made their appearance ; their cases however were not to be seen—they evidently remained imbedded in the soft clay. In the course of the next day the fourth animal suddenly floated to the surface enveloped in its case; as it showed no signs of life I removed it, and found the animal had been dead some time, as it was much decomposed. At the time these animals first made their appearance they were very thin, and about 9 inches long ; they began to feed immediately upon earth-worms, small frogs, Jish, &c., occasionally taking raw flesh. I saw them sometimes attack each other, and one of them (I imagine in endeavouring to escape) leaped out of the tank into the large basin in the Crystal Palace in which the tank was standing (this specimen is still at large among the water-lilies, &c.). The remaining two lived together for some time, apparently on good terms; but in the month of August the one now remaining in the tank seized its companion and devoured nearly half of it, leaving only the head and about half the length of its body. In feeding, this creature masticates the food much, frequently putting it forward almost quite out of its mouth and then gradually chewing it back again, and often (when fed upon raw flesh), after having so chewed it for some time, it will throw it out altogether. The growth of these animals is most extraordinary: in June, as I have before stated, they were about 9 inches long; in three months they attained their present size, which cannot be less than 18 inches in length. It rises frequently perpendicularly to the surface to breathe, and at other times it supports itself on its fin-like append- ages, and with the aid of its tail raises its body from the ground, the fins being bent or curved backwards. The movement of this animal is generally very slow, and would give one an idea that it was very sluggish ; this however I have good reason to know is not the case, as in attempting to capture the one at liberty in the large basin it darted away with the rapidity of an arrow. I have reason also to believe the animal finds its food as much by scent as sight. With reference to the cocoon which I herewith send for your examination, the end covering the nose of the animal is rather pointed, and has an aperture about the size of a pin’s head, which I have no doubt enables the animal to breathe through during its state of torpor. The ani- mal when in its case is coiled nearly twice round, and I observed in each of the blocks of clay a small hole about the size of a mouse- hole, which was quite smooth on the inside, as though the animal had crept through it. “I am, dear Sir, ¢ * Faithfully yours, “A.D. Bartiert.”’ 348 Cocoon of the Mud-fish (Lepidosiren annectens). A. Breathing-hole at nose. B. A thin partition. C. An attaching band that passes through the space where the animal bends, as in a, fig. D. Fig. D. D. A sketch of the animal in the cocoon. a. The position of the band C. b. The head, nose and eyes. 3. Nore sur we MessaGer ov SERPENTAIRE DU CaP DE Bonne-EsPERANCE (SERPENTARIUS REPTILIVORUS, Davp.). Par M. Juves VERREAUX. Tous les naturalistes modernes s’accordent aujourd’hui 4 regarder Poiseau dont il est question eomme un vrai rapace, et ils ont d’autant plus raison, qu’il en a tous les caractéres; seulement c’est un de ces types représentant dans cette famille la méme place qu’occupe le Cariama cristata, Cuv., dans celle des Gralles. Cette question ¢tant complétement dlucidée, nous allons donner sur cette espéce des détails de mceurs plus exacts que ceux donnés par devanciers, ayant été favorisés, mieux qu’eux, non seulement par un séjour de plus de vingt ans, mais encore par les voyages con- sécutifs que nous avons entrepris dans l’intérieur des terres, la ot peu de naturalistes avant nous avaient été 4 méme de pénétrer. Reconnaissant comme tout le monde que les Cathartes et les Vau- tours sont des oiseaux de la plus grande utilité, nous avions pensé il y a bien des années que le Serpentaire était aussi un de ces oiseaux qui, aprés eux, était destin¢é 4 rendre d’immenses services a Phu- manite. Nous commencerons donc par dire que bien que cette espéce de P Afrique Australe soit répandue sur presque tous les points de cette 349 partie du monde, elle n’est nulle part aussi abondante que sur la céte est en partant de la ville du Cap. On ne la trouve que par paire, et l’on peut dire qu’a partir de quelques lieues de la ville, il n’est guére d’habitation qui ne posséde son couple, qui parait méme faire partie intégrante de la propriété dont il ne dépasse pas les limites s’il n’est pas dérangé; du reste, les lois et les colons leur accordent toute leur protection, ils ne sont nullement inquiétés ; cela tient aux services qu’ils rendent en dé- truisant chaque année une immense quantité de reptiles de toutes espéces qui font la base de leur nourriture, et surtout des serpents excessivement venimeux. Comme la nature est prévoyante dans tout ce qu’elle fait, elle a donné a chaque étre ses moyens de conservation. Aussi le Serpentaire a-t-il été modelé sur un moule appropri¢ 4 son genre de vie; c’est donc 4 cet effet que les jambes et les tarses étant trés-allongés, son ceil pergant peut découvrir 4 une trés-grande distance la proie qui, ne se doutant guére de son apparition, est souvent étendue sur le sable ou sur les plantes grasses qui tapissent le sol. La forme élégante et majestueuse de cet oiseau devient en ce mo- ment surtout plus gracieuse encore ; c’est 14 qu’il développe toute sa ruse afin de surprendre le reptile qu’il veut attaquer; aussi n’ap- proche-t-il qu’avec la plus grande circonspection, les plumes du col et du derriére de la téte dressées en avant annoncent le moment de la lutte: se ruant d’un bond sur l’animal, il le frappe du pied avec tant de force, que souvent il le terrasse du premier coup. Cependant, s’il n’a pas réussi, et que le serpent furieux se dresse en épanouissant la peau de son cou comme cela arrive pour les espéces les plus dangereuses, l’oiseau foreé de rétrograder, fait un bond en arri¢re en attendant qu’il puisse saisir le moment opportun de re- commencer. Dressé en partie sur lui-méme le serpent furieux fait mouvoir sa langue avec la dextérité de l’éclair, et pousse des sifflemens aigus qui retentissent au loin et semble tenir en respect son ennemi; mais celui-ci dont le courage redouble 4 mesure que les difficultés aug- mentent, entr’ouvre les ailes, et revenant sur le reptile lui asséne de nouveau de ces coups de pied terribles, dont personne ne peut se faire une idée, et qui ne tardent pas 4 le mettre hors de combat. Cependant, nous avons vu quelquefois de*ces serpents s’élancer sur le Serpentaire, mais soit en ouvrant les ailes dont les premiéres ré- miges seulement servent en quelque sorte de bouclier, soit en sautant en arriére, ou sur les cétés, il est certain d’éviter par ce manége la morsure de son antagoniste, qui, épuisé de fatigue, retombe toujours a plat sur le sol,—moment que choisit l’oiseau pour redoubler ses coups de massue qui, en lui mutilant la colonne vertébrale, achévent de lui retirer toutes ses forces. C’est alors que le Serpentaire victorieux s’élangant comme une fléche et posant le pied sur le cou du serpent, juste derriére la téte, commence 4 l’avaler, chose qu'il pratique en prenant la queue d’abord ; et comme cette opération n’est pas de longue durée, méme pour des reptiles de 5 4 6 pieds de longueur, sur plus de quatre 350 pouces de diamétre, dés qu’il arrive 4 la téte, il ne manque jamais d’en briser le crane par plusieurs coups de bec qui le mutilent com- plétement.—L’ opération faite, oiseau reprend sa course lentement jusqu’au lieu de son domicile, ot il reste des heures entiéres repu, la téte rentrée dans les épaules.—Comme la majeure partie des oiseaux de proie, le Serpentaire rejette, sinon les plumes ou les poils, du moins les écailles des reptiles qu’il avale, et cela par pelottes comme les autres. I] est étonnant de voir la prodigieuse dilatation de la bouche de cet oiseau, car nous avons ¢té témoin qu’il pouvait avaler des reptiles de plus de 6 pouces de circonférence.—Bien que le couple ne se quitte jamais, ils ne se secondent pas mutuellement pour terrasser une proie, et chacun chasse pour son compte. Levaillant, qui le premier a donné une bonne figure et une exacte description du plumage de cet oiseau, ayant, comme nous, eu le malheur de perdre ses observations, aura sans doute faussé ses sou- venirs lorsqu’il tenait la plume pour en décrire les mceurs, car ce qu'il dit au sujet de l’aile de l’oiseau qui lui servirait de massue, n’est pas exact, puisqu’elle ne lui sert que de bouclier: c’est avec la plante du pied qu’il terrasse ses ennemis. Nous en somme d’autant plus persuadé, qu’ayant suivi pas 4 pas le savant voyageur, mieux que personne nous avons été 4 méme de lui rendre cette justice con- sciencieuse que peu de personnes avant nous s’accordaient a lui allouer. —Puissent les voyageurs suivre son exemple! et la science d’obser- vation, celle que nous regardons comme la clef de toutes les sciences naturelles fera plus de progrés.—Nous ajouterons que c’est en juillet que le Serpentaire a son plus beau plumage. Le male, qui est un peu plus petit que la femelle, a une coloration plus pale, plus grise et plus blanche. C’est aussi vers le milieu de ce mois que commen- cent les amours, et tous deux travaillent 4 la construction ou au re- platrage du nid ot plutét de l’aire qui doit contenir la nouvelle fa- mille. Cette aire est presque toujours placée sur la sommité d’un buisson élevé et trés-touffu, le plus souvent un Mimosa. Elle est composée de buchettes et de terre, le centre en est garni de substances moelleuses, soit de plumes ou de laine, quelque fois méme du pollen des plantes; il est facile de compter le nombre d’années par les diverses couches qui la composent, comme pour les Aigles chaque année ap- porte au nid une couche nonvelle.—I] arrive souvent que les branches qui l’entourent poussant sur les cétés des jets, le cachent complétement a la vue, ce qui devient une sécurité de plus pour la famille-—Nous avons observé que dans les pays boisés, le Serpentaire faisait son aire sur les grands arbres. Du reste, n’importe ow il se trouve, le couple s’y retire chaque soir pour y passer la nuit.—C’est en aotit qu’a lieu la ponte, elle est généralement de deux ceufs, quelquefois trois. Ces derniers sont 4 peu prés du volume de ceux d’une oie, mais d’une forme plus ronde d’un bout ; leur couleur est d’un blane pur sans aucune trace de taches. Au bout de six semaines les jeunes éclosent ; ils sont alors recouverts d’un duvet blanc, qui au bout de cing & six autres semaines laisse poindre ga et 14 des plumes ; ces derniéres ont A la teinte prés la méme coloration que celles de l’adulte. Ce qu’il y a de plus terrible et de plus fatigant pour les parents, 351 e’est que la faiblesse des pieds des jeunes les forcant de rester au moins six mois dans leur nid, ils sont tous deux obligés de chasser sans reliche pour assouvir l’appétit dévorant de leurs enfans qui ab- sorbent une quantité si considérable de reptiles, qu’elle surpasse de beaucoup celles des adultes. Ce qui oblige les pére et mére A des courses lointaines et 4 avoir recours, soit aux tortues, aux lezards, et méme 4 de gros insectes comme des Sauterelles quand la disette des premiers se fait sentir. Mais la becquée ne se donne qu’avee des objets qui ont déji subi une préparation dans le jabot, du moins, lorsque les jeunes sont encore trop faibles pour manger d’une autre facon ; car une fois assez forts pour avaler des reptiles complets, les parents ne se donnent plus cette peine, et les apportent tout entiers en ayant le soin de les choisir d’une taille proportionnée, ou en les morcelant pour en faciliter la digestion. Rien de plus curieux que de voir ces oiseaux qui ont acquis tout leur développement, se mou- voir sur leurs tarses 4 l’aide de leurs talons, ce qui leur donne une tournure fort originale. Nous avons remarqué que pendant la couvaison, le male seul était chargé de nourrir sa femelle qui n’abandonne jamais ses ceufs ; aussi est-il facile de reconnaitre par la présence des débris d’ossemens le local choisi pour ’habitation de ces oiseaux. Comme presque tous les grands oiseaux de proie, le couple Ser- pentaire ne souffre aucune autre espéce dans le canton qu’il a choisi pour son domaine, mais en revanche les petits oiseaux, et principale- ment les diverses espéces des Cisserins, choisissent-ils le voisinage de leur domicile pour y construire leurs nids qui sont suspendus tout autour de cette aire ; il semble que ces fréles eréatures cherchent, en agissant ainsi, 4 se mettre sous la protection des hétes qui habi- tent le palais du canton. Chose étrange que la domination! le droit du plus fort semble toujours étre le point de ralliement de toutes les craintes. II faut dire qu’en cette circonstance ces petits oiseaux devinent juste, car les serpents sont si nombreux que souvent ils sont victimes de leur voracité, tandis qu’ils ne redoutent en aucune facon celle des Serpentaires qui s’enorgueillisent en quelque sorte de leur supériorité tant ils laissent approcher d’eux ces petites eréatures.— Nous avons possédé pendant notre séjour au Cap de Bonne-Espé- rance un grand nombre de ces oiseaux, et depuis bien des années nous avions formé le souhait de voir introduire cette espéce dans nos colonies, lorsqu’en 1826 A notre retour au Cap, nous décidames M. Freycinet, ex-gouverneur de l’ile Bourbon (aujourd’hui de la Ré- union), 4 prendre plusieurs de ces couples pour en faire l’essai A Cayenne, ov il se rendait pour prendre le méme poste qu’il venait de quitter.— Pendant longues années nous avions cru cette tentative en plein succés, lorsque nous apprimes que par la faute méme des colons elle n’avait pas réussi, ceux-ci ayant détruit volontairement une des choses les plus utiles 4 leur conservation. Enfin comme nous venons de le dire, ayant eu en notre possession un nombre considéra- ble de ces oiseaux, et ayant fait toutes les études possibles sur leurs mceurs, nous pouvons aujourd’hui répondre de la réussite de leur acclimatation, non-seulement dans les colonies d’Amérique et des 352 Indes, mais encore dans celle de Algérie ot ces oiseaux rendraient un service immense. Réduit 4 l’état de domesticité, le Serpentaire se contente de viandes de toutes espéces ; ce serait un excellent ser- gent de ville pour les basses cours, car comme |’Agami il mettrait ordre dés que quelques combats s’engageraient. Malheureusement le nombre considérable d’espéces d’animaux que nous tenions en- semble nous ont toujours empéché de voir cette esptce se reproduire chez nous.—Nous avons eu la preuve que s’il avait été possible de les tenir dans un espace plus grand et plus isolé, ces oiseaux auraient produit comme en pleine liberté ; les trois ceufs non 4 terme que nous avons trouvés nous ont fourni cette preure. Nous pensons done que si on voulait introduire en Algérie d’abord un certain nombre de ces oiseaux on rendrait A cette colonie et aux autres un service réel, car le Serpentaire se chargerait de purger le sol od on le transporterait des reptiles nombreux qui causent chaque jour tant de calamités. Nous recommandons aussi de porter la plus vive attention sur les diverses espéces de Grues, et principalement sur la Caronculée, qui, comme le Serpentaire, détruit un nombre infini de reptiles. Comme ce dernier elle vivrait dans les mémes climats et s’y repro- duirait: celles que nous avons eues en notre possession se nourris- saient de viande, de reptiles, d’insectes et méme de grains. On la trouve dans les plaines arides surtout sur la céte est, presque toujours isolée excepté vers la saison des amours. Mais, dés que les jeunes sont en état de reproduire, la famille se disperse. Il en est de méme des jeunes Serpentaires qui sont chassés par leurs parents lorsque l’Age leur permet de s’accoupler, ce qui n’a lieu qu’a la se- conde année. Comme il y a généralement mile et femelle dans la méme couvée, ils ne se quittent pas et imitent leurs parens en se choi- sissant un domaine convenable, souvent 4 une grande distance du lieu de leur naissance. Nous saisissons cette occasion pour signaler aux Ornithologistes la différence que nous avons observée dans les Serpentaires de la partie orientale de l'Afrique, car ici ils sont d’une taille inférieure et d’une teinte beaucoup plus pile en tout, différence qui nous semble par sa constance devoir former une espéce distincte, pour laquelle nous pro- poserions le nom de Serpentarius orientalis, si elle était reconnue comme telle. Paris, le 9 septembre 1856, 17 Rue St. Louis, au Marais. 4. On THE AusTRALIAN Ducone (HALIcoRE AUSTRALIS), By Mr. FarrRHOLME. Moreton Bay, on the east coast of Australia (lat. 27° 8), is a re- gion of great interest to the zoologist. The southern end of it is formed by two long islands, extending together about sixty miles, within which the Bay is studded with a number of beautiful islets. On the small island of St. Helena, one of those vast congregations of 353 flying foxes takes place, which I have endeavoured to describe in a former paper. The Dugong (Halicore australis) is still found there in consi- derable numbers, though I fear it is rapidly decreasing, as the chase of it in whale-boats manned by natives forms one of the great attractions of the Bay. The blacks prefer the flesh and blubber to any other food, and the white people have found in its oil qualities similar to those of cod- liver oil, having used it successfully in some cases of consumption or debility. The native name for the Dagong is “ Yungan.”’ It is about 9 or 10 feet long when full-grown, and contains from five to eight gallons of oil. It feeds on a grass-like sea-weed growing on the large flats of the Bay, some parts of which are exposed at low water. As the tide recedes, the Dugongs retire into deeper water from the feeding-grounds. The natives tell us, that before white people eame amongst them, and introduced boats and harpoons, they used to cateh “‘ yungan” by placing large nets across the channels through which they knew the animals would pass from the feeding- grounds. Since the establishment of a Pilot Station at Moreton Bay, the blacks have acquired great dexterity in the use of the whale- boat and harpoon, and are now constantly employed in the pursuit, either for themselves as food, or for Europeans, who collect the oil for sale. The chase is conducted with great caution and silence. The harpooner stands in the bow, and directs the steersman by the movement of the hand. As the Dugong must rise at intervals to blow, he endeavours to calculate the exact spot of rising, and launches the harpoon as it reaches the surface. Having only a short rope to the harpoon, the Dugong often drags the boat with considerable ve- locity, but is very soon exhausted. The blacks have a grand feast over one, stripping off the whole of the flesh and blubber in one large sheet, leaving the carcass entire. Thus anyone wishing to procure skeletons entire could do so by going amongst the natives with a supply of tobacco and a little flour, as the Moreton Bay tribe has always been very friendly with the whites. : I regret to say that some entire skeletons which were being sent to England by a friend of mine, were placed with a large collection of shells in a vessel which was unfortunately burnt. I have no doubt that the Dugong abounds in the bays and straits north of lat. 27°; but in none of these will the same facility be offered of procuring specimens as at Moreton Bay, where the blacks are so friendly, and are so well acquainted with the habits of this animal, : 5. Tue Buackxs or Moreton Bay AND THE PORPOISES. By Mr. FarrHOLME. Between the two long islands which form the south part of More- ton Bay, is a passage known as the South Passage, formerly used CCCXXIII.—ProcereEpincs or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 354 for ships entering the Bay, but now given up. Near the deserted Pilot Station at Amity Point, some of the natives may constantly be found during the warmer months of the year fishing for “Mullet,” a very fine fish about the size of a mackerel. In this pursuit they, are assisted in a most wonderful manner by the Porpoises, It seems that from time immemorial a sort of understanding has existed be- tween the blacks and the Porpoises for their mutual advantage, and the former pretend to know all the Porpoises about the spot, and even have names for them. The beach here consists of shelving sand, and near the shore are small hillocks of sand, on which the blacks sit, watching for the ap- pearance of a shoal of Mullet. Their nets, which are used by hand, and are stretched on a frame about 4 feet wide, lie ready on the beach. On seeing a shoal, several of the men run down, and with their spears make a peculiar splashing in the water. Whether the Porpoises really understand this as a signal, or think it is the fish, it is difficult to determine, but the result is always the same; they at once come in towards the shore, driving the Mullet before them. As they near the edge, a number of the blacks with spears and hand- nets quickly divide to the right and left, and dash into the water. The Porpoises being outside the shoal, numbers of fish are secured before they can break away. In the scene of apparent confusion that takes place, the blacks and Porpoises are seen splashing about close to each other. So fearless are the latter, that strangers, who have expressed doubts as to their tameness, have often been shown that they will take a fish from the end of a spear, when held to them. For my own part I cannot doubt that the understanding is real, and that the natives know these Porpoises, and that strange Por- poises would not show so little fear of the natives. The oldest men of the tribe say that the same kind of fishing has always been carried on as long as they can remember. Porpoises abound in the Bay, but in xo other part do the natives fish with their assistance. 6. MoLLUSCA NOVA COLLECTIONIS CUMINGIAN4, DESCRIPTA A GuiILreLMo DunKER, MArBURGENSI. 1. TROCHUS FLAVIDUS. Tr. testa conica, solidula, unicolore pallide flavida, nitida ; apice acuto, granoso ; anfractibus levigatis planis 10, infera supera- que suture parte cingulo elevato instructis ; striis incrementi tenerrimis ; anfractu ultimo obtuse angulato ; basi convexius- cula suleis quinis notata ; apertura subtetragona. Patria ignota. Species Trocho dubio, Phil., affinis est, qui vero colore olivaceo, pictura albo vel rufo flammulata, testa majore et latiore, anfractu ultimo magis angulato statim dignoscitur. Specimen, quod esset unicum 5 lin. altum, 43 latum est. 355 2. TROCHUS PALLIDULUS. Tr. testa conica, levigata, in apice acuta ibique granulosa, flavida, be Byrd lineolis_ pallide luteis picta ; anfractibus 10 planis ad suturam prominulis ideoque subimbricatis, superioribus cingulo obsoleto notatis, ultimo in cireuitu rotundato ; basi convexa, in medio sulcis nonnullis spiralibus arata ; apertura subtetragona. Patria ignota. Altitudo teste 7 lin. ejusque diametros 5 lin. Species nostra a Trocho Laugieri, Payr., in primis differt colore, testa tenuiore et majore. BI oo 3. TRocHUS FLAMMIGER. ‘ Tr. testa conica, solida, glabra, fiavo-albida, lineis undulatis vel flammulis luteis picta ; anfractibus plano-converis 10, sutura distincta divisis, ultimo in circuitu obtuse angulato; basi con- vextuscula unicolore lutea, in medio alba, sulcis paucis umbili- caribus signata ; apertura rotundato-tetragona. Patria ignota. Species forma sua Trocho, qui antecedit, similis, pictura et testa solida differt. He tres species ad genus Leachanum Zizyphinus dictum—idem, quod Calliostoma, Sow.,—pertinent. Tp sa, 4. Burira Cuminerana. - B. testa angusta, subulato-turrita, flavo-albida, partim subceru- lescente ; anfractibus 10-11 convexiusculis, sutura satis pro- Sunda divisis, superioribus longitudine costatis transversimque cancellatis, inferioribus obsolete striatis, infra suturam creni- Seris, ultimo subinflato 2 totius teste equante ; labro externo sulcis striisque incrementi notato ; columella arcuata; Sauct- bus albis. Patria ignota. Hee species, pene 13 lin. longa, Bullie turrite, Gray (Zool. of Beechey’s Voyage, p. 126), peraffinis, ad genus Leiodomus Swain- soni pertinet, quod vero non satis firmatum esse videtur. 5. BuLiia ELEGANS. B. testa solida, pallide lutescente, elongato-turrita, in apice ob- tusa; anfractibus 8 planiusculis, levibus, politis, sutura profunda callosa interdum castanea disjunctis, in superiore parte plici- feris, plicis albis sulco spirali cancellatis ideoque nodulis gemi- nis instructis, ultimo tenuilirato ad basin carina pallide fusca notato, dimidia totius teste parte paullo breviore; labro in- crassato levissimo columellaque parum sinuata albis ; faucibus Suscis. Patria ignota. Hee Bulliarum species elegantissima Buccino Natalensi Kraussano certe peraffinis, statura majore, testa solidiore, labro incrassato intus levissimo plicisque sulco spirali quasi binodoso distinguenda est. 356 6. PLEUROTOMA CONCINNA. Pl. testa acute-turrita, subfusiformi, solidula, unicolore rufes- cente, in rostro rosea, costulis lineisque elevatis cincta ; anfrac- tibus circa 10 perparum convexis, sutura haud distincta se- junctis, ultimo spire altitudinem pene equante ; canali subob- liquo ; labri incisura profunda. Patria ignota est. Testa circiter 12 lin. longa, 33 lin. lata, elegantissimarum una est sui generis; anfractus ultimus costulis multis validioribus et subtilio- ribus cinctus est ; costa, si a sutura inde numeras, secunda, que labri fissura terminatur, tuberculorum undulatorum serie duplici cingitur. Costularum interstitia sub vitro oblique clathrata vel reticulata ap- parent.—Cochlea nostra ad Pleurotomas proprie sit dictas pertinens, habitu peene Pleurotome virginis, Lam., sed multo minor, colore ru- fescente et imprimis rostro roseo ab aliis speciebus primo obtutu facile distinguenda est. 7. TrorpHon Morrist. Tr. testa solida, ovato-fusiformi, in apice acuta ; anfractibus con- vexis longitudine plicatis transversimque tenuicostatis et liratis, ultimo subventroso ceteris longiore ; labro sulcato ; cauda brevi, subrimata ; canali aperto, paullum incurvo. Patria ignota. Testa 14 lin. longa, 73 lin. lata, ovato-acuta, subfusiformis. An- fractus 7 convexi sutura profunda disjuncti, plicis vel costis 10 zequi- distantibus et liris transversis cingulisque elevatis instructi. Aper- tura ovata in canalem brevem apertum sensim transit. Color totius testee albus; apicem versus flavescit. Fauces fasciis tribus fuscis notate sunt. An Murex costularis, Lam. Enc. Méth. 419. f. 8? Varices 7 indicat auctor: in figura 10 numerantur. Species Fuso cinereo, Say, Amer. Conch. t. 29, sane peraffinis, testa multo majore, anfractibus tumidioribus ideoque sutura profundiore et sculptura distinctiore satis discrepare videtur. 8. CoMINELLA ELONGATA. C. testa ovato-acuta, subfusiformi, costis inequalibus subnodosis lirisque subtilioribus cincta, griseo fuscoque variegata ; anfrac- tibus convexis ; labro sulcato ; lubio superne uniplicato ; eanali longiusculo, paullulum incurvo. Patria ignota. Heec species magnitudine et statura elongata fusiformi insignis, 22 lin. longa, 9 lin. lata est. Anfractus 7 convexi infra suturam haud profundam paullo appressi, costis numerosis plus minusve di- stinctis subnodosis cinguntur: ultimus eorum circiter 2 totius teste adzequat ; apertura angusta ; labrum intus incrassatum et sulcatum ; labium superne plica vel potius costa unica valida in tubereulum ob- soletum exeunte instructum. Pictura parum insignis: fundus albi- dus et lutescens strigis maculisque irregularibus variegatus est ; fauces fuscescentes; labrum album. Fusorum genus plica columelle defi- ciente satis distinctum est, ne dicam de ipsius animalis natura, 357 9. ADAMSIA TYPICA. A. testa crassa, ponderosa, ovato-acuta, subturrita, longitudine plicato-costata, costulis minutissimis confertis scabris subsqua- mosis aquidistantibus cincta, albida, passim subrosea, Susco eingulata, cingulis in costarum interstitiis magis conspicuis ; anfractibus 7 convexis, ultimo circiter 4 totius teste equante ; cauda brevi, truncata; labro acuto, paullulum expanso, intus suleato et incrassato ; apertura angusta ; columella levissima ; Saucibus lacteis. - Patria: ad Philippinarum insulas habitare dicitur hzec cochlea. Species 15 lin. longa, 8 lin. lata, ad hoc usque tempus certe raris- sima, ad Cominellas maxime accedit, a quibus vero aperture indole valde differt, cum costa valida in labii superiore parte insidente, qua Cominelle insignes sunt, hee cochlea plane careat. Preeterea sculp- tura et totus testee habitus tam singularis est, ut eam pro novi generis typo habendam esse putaverim. 10. PURPURA FASCIATA. P. testa ovata, solidiuscula, subgrisea fusco fasciata ; spira exser- tiuscula, acuta, subgradata ; anfractibus tumidis, supra carina- tis, transversim costulatis, costulis aperturam versus subimbri- catis, anfractu ultimo ceteris pene triplo majore, tumido, bica- rinato, carinis nodiferis ; apertura pallide fulva; labro acuto, intus sulcato, sulcis in margine fuscis. Patria ignota est. Species elegans 12 lin. longa; preesertim fasciis vivide fuscis in fundo griseo-rubente insignis, ab omnibus quas novimus Purpuris veris satis distincta est. 11. CyTHEREA SUBTRIGONA. C. testa solida, ovato-trigona, modice convexa, concentrice obso- leteque striata, pene levi, inequilatera, antice brevi subtrun- cata, postice preducta, cuneiformi, carina obtusa ab umbonibus prominentibus ad latus posticum decurrente ; lunula lanceolata. Patria ignota. Species subtrigona, circiter 2 poll. longa, antice brevis, alta, pos- tice producta et attenuata. Margo cardinalis anticus et posticus pene rectilinei et valde declives sunt ; margo basalis anticus linea peene orbiculata terminatus est. Umbones subacuti se invicem fere tangentes valde porrecti sunt. Area lata subcordiformis, lunula lan- ceolata fossula levi circumscribitur. Ligamentum crassum breve. Cardo dentibus validis munitus est; dentes mediani vel primarii longiores sunt ut in Cythereis solent ; dens lateralis posticus subti- liter granulato-striatus. Impressiones et linea palliaris ut in Cy- therea lusoria peene se offerunt. Color internus albus in dorso vio- laceus est. Statu integro testa ab epidermide cornea tegitur. Long., alt. et crass. ratio hee est: 100, 86, 48. 12. PecruncuLus GrayANus. P. testa suborbiculart, convexa, solida, inequilaterali, subglabra, 358 alba, pallide rubente et carneola, fammis rufis lineolisque nu- merosis acute angulatis varie picta, epidermide villosa induta, intus sordide alba, musculis pallioque fuscis ; umbonibus tu- midis. Longitudo speciminum majorum 25 lin. Long., altit. et crass. tatio hee est: 100, 88, 62. Patria Nova Seelandia. Attulit clar. Earle. Testa hujus speciei transversa, suborbicularis antice rotundata brevis, postice paullum attenuata et longior, concentrice obsoleteque striata, lineis radiantibus subtilissimis confertissimis instructa peene glabrata; umbones tumidi. Color et pictura aliis Pectunculis re- spondent, flammulee linezeque acute angulatee rufze in fundo albido et rubente umbones inflatos versus sensim clariores fiunt. Color inter- nus albidus in regione pallii et musculorum fuscus est. Musculi in speciminibus adultis valde elevati apparent. Crenze in valvarum margine -basali crassee utrinque sensim minores evadunt, in regione musculorum plane evanescunt. Cardinis dentes laterales crassi, me- diani obsoletissimi vel evanidi. Epidermis villosa plurimam partem detrivit. Ligamenti area parva. Inter Pectunculos, qui nobis innotuerunt, hee species ad Pect. flammeum, Reeve (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1843), maxime accedit. 7. MyTILACEA NOVA COLLECTIONIS CUMINGIAN, DESCRIPTA A Guru. DUNKER. 1. Myrinus sPLENDENS. M. testa elongato-ovata, concentrice striata; epidermide splen- dente fusca et nigricante in mediis valvis viridi ; pagina in- terna livido-rubente, marginem inferiorem et posticum versus albida, margaritacea ; umbonibus tumidis, gibbosis. Hab. Ad litus Peruanum. Concha magnitudine Myfili edulis ambitu variat, nam modo est elongato-subtrigona, modo ovata. Umbones valde tumidi et gibbosi sub epidermide rubentes. Epidermis nitida maximam partem ob- scure fusca, in mediis valvis vivide viridis vel e viride nigricans, inter- dum zonis fuscis et virescentibus yariegata. Sub vitro lineole sub- tilissimee undulate ab umbonibus radiantes conspiciuntur. Cardo prorsus edentulus, margo totus simplex, ab epidermide late involutus. Fossula ad ligamentum recipiendum haud profunda. 2. MyTILUS ROSTRATUS. M. testa ovato-acuta, ventrosa, solida, unicolore fusco-violacea, longitudinaliter costata, costis mature furcatis; epidermide nigra ; apicibus rostriformibus extrinsecus curvatis; cardine dentibus nonnullis munito. Haé. In litore insule Van Diemen. Testa 205 lin. longa, 8} lin. alta, 7 lin. lata. Altitudo maxima in mediis valvis sita est. Valvarum ambitus plus minusve ovatus, ita ut nullibi angulus distinctus sit et margines unus in alterum sen- 359 sim transeant. Pars media basalis semper est ventrosa. Coste ab apicibus acutis rostriformibus exeuntes, in omni incremeuti stadio pluries diffinduntur marginem posticum versus seepius evanescentes. Totus margo crenulis cireumdatur. Cardo denticulis duobus vel tribus in utraque valva munitus est ; interdum denticulus unus dex- tree valvee a tuberculis duobus sinistre recipitur. Ligamentum crassum et latum satis profunde immersum est. Pagina interna parum nitet. ' Species nostra Mytilo purpurato (Modiole, Lam.) affinis, qui testa minore, solidiore, apicibus obtusis, cardine tenerrime crenato, costis crassioribus aliisque notis differt. 3. MyTiILus HORRIDUS. M. testa magna, crassa, oblique ovata, postice dilatata, modice convexa, concentrice plicoso-striata, alba, epidermide fusca lamellosa, postice horride barbata vestita ; umbonibus magnis, obtusis, curvatis ; dorso et latere postico equaliter arcuatis, basi antice valde sinuata. Hab. Inlitore Nove Hollandiz septentrionali. Concha magna, crassa, 60 lin. longa, 32 lin. alta, 20 Iin. lata est. Margo dorsalis areum zqualem formans, in marginem posticum peene circularem sensim transit. Margo ventris antice valde sinuatus est. Umbones obtusi, inflexi et disjuncti, eetate progrediente erosi. Epidermis crassa lamellosa in postico conchz latere pilis et setis hor- ridis obducta est. Ligamentum crassum pro magnitudine teste breve. Cardo prorsus edentulus. Colo pagine interne sordide albus languidus, omni pzene nitore margaritaceo caret. Species hzec magnifica a Mytilo torto, Dkr., preesertim rima recta distinguitur. 4. Myrtinus ATROPURPUREUS. M. testa oblongo-ovali, subtrigona, modice convexa, purpurea, epi- _ dermide atra obducta, concentrice striata, sulcis radiantibus subtilissimis confertissimis exarata ; dorso subcompresso, in medio equaliter curvato, interdum angulato ; umbonibus termi- nalibus subtumidis, incurvis paullulum distantibus ; margine basali anterius plus minusve sinuato; cardine utriusque valve denticulis nonnullis munito. Hab. In Africa occidentali. Suspicor hance speciem in aqua dulci vel semisalsa vixisse, nam ejusdem byssus contexta est cum Melania cujusdam fragmentis. _ Concha adulta 15 lin. longa, 9 lin. alta, tenuis, habitu inconstans, formam Mytili edulis junioris interdum refert. Testa tota purpurea aut fusco-purpurascens, intus iridescens, epidermide nigerrima nitida vestita, sulcisque radiantibus plurimis confertissimis 150 usque ad 160 instructa est, qui quidem sulci in regione apicum partim dichotomi sunt et valvarum marginem versus validiores fiunt. Apices in speci- minibus adultis decorticati et erosi, margarita splendente insignes sunt. Quot sulci, tot crenulis margo circumdatur. Mytilus niger, Gmel. p. 3362, le Dotel Adansonii (Hist. du Senée. p- 211. t. 15. f. 3) certe species peraffinis est, sed illius testa sub — 360 epidermide nitidissime lactea vocatur. Preeterea “le Dotel”? major, minore sulcorum numero instructus est, nam centenos tantum suleos in €O numeravit auctor.—Clar. Sylv. Hanley in describendo Mytilo mgro (An Tilustr. and Descr. Cat. of Recent Shells, pt. ii. p. 245 7) nostram ipsam concham ante oculos habuisse videtur.—Mytilus striatulus, L. Schrot. Einl. vol. iii. p. 449. t. 9. f. 16, statura aliena striisque in latere basali deficiendibus imprimis distinguendus esse videtur, Mytilus tenuistriatus, Dkr. Moll. Guin. p. 47. t. 9. f. 1, 2, 3, species multo minor, ad Volsellas pzene aceedit. 5. Mytriztus Morris. M. testa ovato-trigona, modice convexa, fusco-purpurea, epider- mide cornea vestita, concentrice striata, costulis confertis gra- nosis mature furcatis sculpta; dorso parum comp: esso, suban- gulato ; umbonibus terminalibus incurvis ; margine baseos fere recto ; cardine utriusque valve denticulis nonnullis instructo ; marginibus crenis parvis circumdatis. Hab. Ad Guineam. Testa formam Mytili atropurpurei pene refert, sed habitu minore, costulis granosis mature fureatis et epidermide obscure cornea facile distingui potest. Mytilus senegalensis, Lam., valvis angustis et mar- gine dorsali postico basi subparallelo imprimis differt- 6. Myritus ADAMSIANUS. M. testa ovato-trigona, utrinque obtuse carinata, solidula, costis mature bifidis eleganter granosis sculpta, fusco-purpurascente et albida ; epidermide cornea vestita ; umbonibus terminalibus ; margine crenato. Hab. Ad Isthmum Panamense (Cuming). Testa parva 10 lin. longa, 5} lin. alta, 4} lin. lata, Mytilo Magel- lanico juvenili similis est, sed costulis confertis altioribus, distinctis- sime granosis facile distinguitur. Margo basalis pzene rectilineus. Color utrinque fusco-purpurascens, venter albidus. Facies interna albida, marginem versus livida et vivide margaritacea. Fossula ad ligamentum recipiendum satis profunda. Apices acuti terminales. Cardo in valva sinistra dentibus duobus, in dextra unico tantum in- structus. 7. MytTiLus ogpscurvs. M. testa ovata, parva, solidula, concentrice obsoleteque striata, albida, aliquantulum rufescente, epidermide obscure cornea opaca vestita; apicibus obtusis incurvis sepius decorticatis, paullo distantibus ; facie interna parum margaritacea ; cardine prorsus edentulo ; extremitate antica intus paullulum exea- vata. Hab. Ad Sydney urbem Nove Hollandie. Concha parva 102 lin. tantum longa, 6 lin. alta et 4} lin. lata, Mytilo eduli nondum adulto, qui pellucidus Penn. dicitur, haud dis- similis est. 361 8. MyriLus curvATus. M. testa parva, solidula, subtrigona, rufo-violacea, in dorso alta, in basi valde arcuata, costulis dichotomis instructa ; epider- mide fusco-cornea vestita ; umbonibus parvis inflexis ; toto margine excepta fissura crenulato ; cardine in valva uér uque denticulis duobus vel tribus munito. Hab. Ad Philippinarum insulam Luzon. Conchula parva, vix 6 lin. longa, 4 lin. alta, 23 lin. lata, forma pene trigona insignis. Margo cardinalis declivis leviter arcuatus eum margine posteriore alto angulum obtusum format ; margo basalis in fissura, que ad byssum emittendam destinata est, valde curvata. Umbones perparum recedentes. Costulze furcatee marginem versus posticum distinctiores evadunt. Fossula ad ligamentum recipiendum satis profunda. Pagina interna marginem versus vivide iridescens. 9.. VOLSELLA GUBERNACULUM. V. testa ovata, valde fornicata, utrinque subangulata, concentrice rugoso-striata, pallide flavescente, virgis inequalibus violaceis radiata, epidermide cornea vestita ; umbonibus prominentibus incurvis violaceis perparum distantibus ; ligamento bret. Patria ignota. Testa subsolida, antice attenuata, postice lata et rotundata, 18 lin. longa, 11 lin. alta, 83 lin. lata, preesertim dorso valde fornicato et basi parum sinuata peene recta insignis est. Umbones incurvi violacei, nitentes, glabrati marginem anticum previssimum eminent. Ligamen- tum pro magnitudine teste breve, paullo immersum est. Color val- varum internus pallide luteus, umbones versus violaceus. 10. VoLSELLA ARATA. V. testa elongata, subrhombea, tumida, liris costisque postice crassioribus arata, colore antice lacteo vel pallide rubente, postice fusco-violaceo, epidermide crassa obscure cornea. Hab. In Novee Hollandiz litore septentrionali. Concha 29 lin. longa, 12 lin. alta, 103 lin. crassa, quoad formam Volselle rhomboidee, Hanl., affinis est. Valvze linea obliqua pallida ab umbonibus tumidis ad posticam baseos partem paullo sinuatam decurrente et colore duplici in duas partes dividuntur. Strize incre- menti, et parte fissee, inde a linea illa obliqua validiores fiunt, ita ut testa sulcis exarata appareat. Facies interna nitorem margaritaceum languidum prebet. Ligamentum angustum longum totum pene marginem cardinalem tenet. 11. VouseLLa FortTuUNE!. V.. testa parvula, ovato-oblonga, subtrigona, utrinque obtuse cari- nata, concentrice rugose striata, superius violacea, inferius al- bida, epidermide virente obducta ; margine baseos subrecto ; dorso subanygulato ; umbonibus parvulis prominulis. Hab. Mare Chinense. Attulit clar. Fortune. Conchula parva, 54 lin. longa, 23 lin. alta, 2 lin. lata, habitu My- 362 tili minimi, sed umbonibus recedentibus magis ad Volsellas accedit. Strize concentricee antice rugose. Cardo plane edentulns. Liga- mentum longum et tenue. Pagina interna superius pulcherrime vio- lacea et margaritacea. 12. VoLSELLA SUBPURPUREA. V. testa elongato-ovali, angusta, tenui, subpurpurea, epidermide cornea nitida induta, concentrice tenerrimeque striata, striis obsoletissimis ab umbonibus radiantibus marginem posticum versus evanescentibus instructa, antrorsum angustata, posterio- rem partem versus parum dilatata, in medio dorso subfornicata paullulum angulata, margine baseos subsinuata ; umbonibus parvis, in speciminibus adultis decorticatis parum prominen- tibus. Hab. In Senegallio flumine. Testa 15 lin. longa, 53 lin. alta, 54 lin. lata, sculptura, colore et cardinis structura Volselle tristi affinis, preesertim margine cardinis multo longiore, basi subsinuata et valvis tumidioribus differt. 13.. VOLSELLA TRISTIS. V. testa elongata, recta, tenui, fusco-purpureo et albido variegata, concentrice obsoleteque striata, pene glabrata, suleis ab apici- bus radiantibus confertissimis, tenuissimis, sub vitro tantum perspicuis, instructa ; epidermide nitida cornea vestita; facie interna albida et livida marginem versus iridescente. Hab. Ad Chusan teste Benson. Concha forma angusta, longe porrecta insignis, 153!" longa, 64!’ alta et 43!" crassa est. Altitudo ejus maxima in 3? longitudinis vel eo in loco sita est, ubi margo dorsalis antieus, quem ligamentum breve et tenue occupat, finem habet. Margo ventralis perparum ar- cuatus pene rectus, antrorsum paullo adscendit et mucrone vel potius ala parvula parum ultra apices prominente terminatur, in qua cos- tule nonnulle observantur. Preterea monendum est, marginem dorsalem plicis nonnullis obsoletissimis instructum esse. Internus testee color livido-albus parum margaritaceus. Cardo utriusque valve sub apicibus dentibus parvulis4d—5 munitus. Preeterea in fine ligamenti, quod fossulam haud profundam tenet, crenarum 10-12 series observari potest, quae Nuenlarum cardinem in mentem vocant. 14. VoLsELLA PERFRAGILIS. V. testa elongata, recta, compressa, tenerrima, subdiaphana, pa- rum splendida, pallide cornea, postice virescente maculisque minimis pallide fuscis aspersa, striis incrementi concentricis tenuissimis instructa, costa obsoletissima recta ab umbonibus prominulis ad posticam baseos partem decurrente, margine dor- sali recto longissimo, margine ventrali antice ascendente ; liga- mento perlongo, angusto, margarita marginem posteriorem versus iridescente. Hab. Ad imsulas Moluccenses. 363 Species singularis sesquipollicem longa, dimidium alta, 34 lin. crassa, Modiole eleganti, Gray (Spic. Zool. t. 6. f. 14; Wood, Ind. p- 235), affinis, margine dorsi recto, umbonibus minoribus, testaque compressa preesertim differt. 15. VoLsELLA UNDULATA. V. testa oblonga, fragili, concentrice tenuissimeque striata, glabra, nitida, pellucente, albida, picturis undulatis variegata lineisque rufis ab umbonibus minutis ad latus posticum decurrentibus ornata, ventre plerumque unicolore ; epidermide tenera virente ; margine baseos postice aliquantulum sinuato, pene recto ; dorso postice fornicato. Hab. Ad insulas Moluccenses. Testa 11 lin. longa, 5 lin. alta, 3 lin. lata, ad Volsellam Japonicam proxime accedit, sed statura breviore et basi subsinuata imprimis differt. 16. VoLsELLA JAPONICA. V.. testa oblonga, recta, convexa, tenui, nitida, concentrice tenuis- simeque striata, pene prorsus glabra, alba, maculis undulatis et angulatis rufis varie picta lineisque ab umbonibus gracilibus prominulis incurvis ad latus posticum radiantibus ornata, mar- gine dorsali et basali fere rectis ; ligamento longo, angusto ; epidermide tenera pallide cornea subvirente. Hab. In litore maris Japonici. i Concha gracilis 15 lin. longa, 7 lin. alta et 3} lin. crassa, splen- _dore et pictura elegantissima insignis est. 17. VoLSELLA GLABERRIMA. V. testa oblonga, recta, tenui, convexa, nitidissima, subpellucida, concentrice obsoletissimeque. striata, glaberrima, fusco-cornea, subviolacea, picturis undulatis fuscis, zonis concentricis lineis- que gracilibus pallidis ab umbonibus prominulis ad latus posti- cum radiantibus ornata; epidermide tenui virescente vestita ; margine cardinali recto; ligamento longo, angusto, immerso ; margine basali leviter arcuato. Hab. Mare Australe prope urbem Sydney. Species Vols. Japonice affinis, sed valvis majoribus et latioribus vel potius. altioribus, margine ventris magis arcuato et lineis radian- tibus pallidis in fundo obscuriore satis diversa. 18. VoLSELLA INCONSTANS. V. testa tenui, ovato-oblonga, antice ventrosa, lateribus oblique obtusequé carinata, concentrice idque tenerrime striata, pene levi, albida, in dorso interdum violaceo lividove maculata, vel tota violacea, epidermide cornea, tenui, nitida vestita ; umbo- nibus tumidis, sepius decorticatis. » Hab. In litore insule Van Diemen. Concha pro ztate variabilis. Testa enim junior brevis plerumque 364 marginem basalem rectum vel adeo leviter arcuatam ostendit, zetate vero progrediente valve marginem baseos posticum versus extendun- tur, quo fit, ut venter sinum levem formet. Pars valvarum antica umbonibus rotundatis valde productis habitum Lithophagorum pre se fert. Carina obtusa ab umbonibus ad latus posticum decurrens, in adultis speciminibus distinctior esse solet, quam in pullis. Liga- mentum tenue et angustum. Testa si epidermis detrivit, splendorem margaritaceum szepius offert. Cardo denticulis plane caret. Speci- men quod exstat maximum 13 lin. longum, 6 lin. altum et 5 lin. latum est. Valve nonnullee antice costulis duabus obsoletissimis notatee sunt. 19. VoLSELLA SUBSULCATA. V. testa ovato-oblonga, tumida, alba, in dorso livido- vel rufo- fusca, utrinque costulata, costulis granosis, nonnullis furcatis, in dorso oblique divaricatis ; epidermide fusco-cornea, postice setigera; carina obtusa ab umbonibus parvis ad latus posticum decurrente. Hab. Ad Philippinarum insulam Manilam. Hee concha 13 lin. longa, 64 lin. alta, 54 lin. lata inter Volsellam setigeram, Dkr. et sulcatam, Lam., quasi intermedia est species. Testa habitu varians carina obtusa ab umbonibus decurrente plus minusye conspicua instructa est. Umbones plerumque decorticati, parvi, obtusi. Costule granosz in dorso et latere postico magis per- spicuz sunt, quam in latere ventris, ubi sensim evanescunt, exceptis iis costulis paucis, que ante umbones jacent. Testa semper est du- plici coloris, dorsum livido- vel rufo-fuscum, venter paullo sinuatus albus. Facies interna in speciminibus adultis impressiones muscu- lares fortes ostendit. Cardo denticulis nonnullis munitus est. Ex- cepta baseos parte aliquantulum sinuata totus margo crenis parvulis circumdatur. Ligamentum crassum profunde immersum est. 20. VOLSELLA SETIGERA. V. testa ovato-oblonga, tumida, subcylindrica, concentrice striata, antice et postice tenuiter sulcata, alba, epidermide viridi-cornea, postice setigera induta, setis brevibus sparsis ; umbonibus tu- midis, incurvis ; margine utrinque crenato. Patria ignota. Testa 12 lin. longa, 6 lin. alta, 5 lin. crassa est. Margo dorsalis paullo declivis postice in areum levem sensim transit, margo ventris pene rectilineus. Valve costulis subgranosis ab apicibus utrinque decurrentibus instructze sunt; epidermis posticum valvarum latus versus, ab ea inde parte, ubi costulz incipiunt, setis sparsis tegitur, quas quidem setas plerumque mutilatas invenies. Valvarum pars media transversim striata, basin versus subrugosa est. Hee species forma haud insolita, costularum structura ad Lanistinas accedit. 21. VoLSELLA FLAVIDA. V. testa oblonga, tenui, inflata, lineis concentricis tenuibus eleva- 365 tis sculpta, flavida, linea ab umbonibus ad basin oblique decur- rente colore pallidiore signata; umbonibus tumidis ; margine ventrali postice sinuato. Hab. In sinu ad Manilam. Testa tenuis et convexa, 16 lin. longa, 8 lin. alta, 64 lin. lata est. Margo dorsalis anterior rectus, antrorsum paullo inclinatus, posticus arcuatus in extremitatem posticam basin versus productam sensim transit ; margo ventris postice sinuatus, antice Jeviter arcuatus ; ex- tremitas antica rotundata ultra apices parum prosilit. Strix concen- trice graciles distantes et elevate lineas concentricas subtilissimas sub vitro tantum conspicuas includunt. Species Modiole vestita, Phil. (Enum. Moll. vol. ii. PN A a Be f. 12), affinis, testa paullulum longiore, tenuiore, parum spleadente, epidermide pallidiore, forma graciliore postice magis producta, um- bonibus minoribus striisque concentricis elevatis differt. Preterea nostra species tegumento tomentoso, a quo Volsella vestita includi- tur, prorsus carere videtur. Exstat varietas colore obscuriore, testa postice magis producta insignis. 22. VOLSELLA SPLENDIDA. V., testa oblonga, inflata, alba, epidermide obscure castanea splen- dida obducta, concentrice striata ; margine dorsali arcuato, subangulato, ventrali postice sinuato, extremitate antica parum producta, latere postico subdilatato rotundata ; sulco levi co- lore pallidiore terminata ab umbonibus tumidis ad sinum baseos decurrente. Patria California. Testa 14 lin. longa, 8 lin. alta, totidem crassa, Volselle vestite nec non flavide affinis, valvis latioribus, colore obscuriore et sulco ab umbonibus decurrente imprimis differt. 23. Moprotarca (VoLsELLA) suBTorRTA. V. testa parvula pene inequivalvi subtorta, ovata, subtrapezina, concentriee striata et rugosa, fusca, epidermide sublamellosa induta, dorso parum arcuato, basi antice parum sinuata, umbo- nibus parvulis recedentibus statu integro igcurvis, extremitate antica producta. Hab. In Nove Hollandiz litore septentrionali. Species parvula angusta 4 lin. longa, 2 lin. alta, 15 lin. lata, ha- bitu et presertim formatione extremitatis antices Modiolarcam tra- pezinam in mentem vocat. Valvule pene inequales subtorte epi- dermide partem posticam versus sublamellosa teguntur. Apices in speciminibus adultis erosi sunt, imo specimina exstant, magnam par- tem decorticata. Ligamentum tenue profunde immersum est. Im- pressiones musculares fortes et pro exiguitate teste magne sunt. Species nostra generi Grayano Modiolarce ut adnumeretur necesse est. 24. LANIsTINA NANA. L. testa minima, ovata, concentrice striata, pallide cornea, rufo 366 variegata, pellucida, sulco ab umbonibus parvulis ad basin de- currente insigni. Hab. Port Lincoln. Testa minima, vix 2 lin. longa, tenuissima, pellucens, lineis rufis undulatis et reticulatis picta, antice et postice tenuiter costulata. Pagina interna margaritacea; margo cardinis tenuissime crenulatus. 25. LANISTINA CONCINNA. L. testa parvula, fragili, ovata, modice convexa, flava lineis non- nullis presertim apices versus undulatis et angulatis fuscis picta, epidermide viridi pellucente vestita, sulcis ab apicibus parvulis incurvis utroque latere radiantibus instructa, Hab. Ad Philippinarum insulam Zeba (Cuming). Species 7 lin. longa, 34 lin. alta, 24 lin. crassa, antice angustata, postice dilatata, paullulum compressa. Margo dorsalis sequaliter parumque arcuatus, basalis pzne rectilineus. Extremitas antica an- gusta arcuata, costulis nonnullis signata, ultra apices minutos incur- vos prominens. Costulz plane marginem versus ex parte furcillatz in latere postico 20-24 numerantur ; interstitia earum latitudinem non excedunt. Differt hee species a Modiola strigata, Hanl. (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1844), testa minus convexa, postice magis dilatata, umbonibus haud tumidis costulisque latioribus planis partim dichotomis. 26. CRENELLA BULLA. C. testa fragili, oblique elliptica, bullata, alba, striis tenerrimis confertissimis ab umbonibus radiantibus sub vitro tantum eog- noscentibus undique instructa, epidermide tenuissima pallida obducta ; umbonibus incurvis gracilibus anticis ; ligamento brevi; toto margine intus subtiliter crenulato. Hab. Ad Philippinarum insulam Luzon. Testa tenuissima, perfragilis, pellucida, tota alba, 5 lin. longa, 4 lin. alta, 4 lin. crassa, subglobosa vel bullata, ambitum fere exacte ellipticum refert, si modo angulum obtusum, quem margo cardinalis posticus cum latere postico format, non respicis. November 25, 1856. J. 8. Gaskoin, Esq., F.L.S., in the Chair. Mr. Tegetmeier brought before the notice of the Members living specimens and preparations illustrating the very remarkable pecu- liarities existing in the skulls of the feather-crested variety of the domestic Fowl, now known as Polish. In these birds, the anterior portion of the frontal bone is expanded into a large spherical tube- rosity or cyst, which is partly osseous and partly membranous; the 367 anterior portions of the brain are entirely contained in this tuberosity, being protected from external injury solely by the feathers of the crest and the integuments ; the posterior portions are situated, as No. 1.—Skull of Crested Hen (var. Golden-spangled Polish), showing sphe- rica] tuberosity and deficient intermaxillary bones. No. 2.—Longitudinal vertical section of the skull of a Crested Cock (var. Silver- spangled Polish), showing the shape of the cavity containing the encephalon. usual, in the cavity of the cranium: as the communication between it and the tuberosity is constricted, the brain necessarily assumes the form of an hour-glass, the anterior being the larger portion. This very extraordinary structure, which is well developed even before the escape of the chick from the shell, was noticed by Peter Borelli in 1656, and again described with many errors by Blumen- bach in ‘De Nisus formativi Aberrationibus,’ 1813. Blumenbach states that it is confined to the females, which is incorrect ; that the fowls are remarkably stupid, whereas their instincts do not appear to differ in the slightest degree from those of the other non-incu- bating varieties of domestic fowl ; and lastly, that the tuberosity is caused by a tight constriction of the integuments, which however does not exist. Pallas, who also notices the peculiarity, erroneously attributes it 368 to a cross with the Numidian meleagris ; and the description of a very old specimen in the Catalogue of the Museum of the College of Surgeons, states it to be the result of disease, whereas it is the normal condition of all largely crested fowls. An intimate connexion exists between the size of the tuberosity and that of the feathered crest, so that those chickens- may be se- lected at birth that will eventually possess the largest crests. The intermaxillary bones are usually more or less deficient in all the varieties of crested fowls, the nostrils arched, and the comb when present is crescentic or bicorned. Several of the varieties of crested fowls are destitute of fleshy wattles, their place being supplied by a ruff or beard of feathers ; there is, however, no corresponding alter- ation in the lower maxillary bone. Mr. Woodward exhibited preparations of the mantle and oral apparatus of the recent British Terebratula (T. caput-serpentis), specimens of which had been forwarded in a living state from Oban, Argyle, by J. Leckenby, Esq., of Scarborough. It appears that this shell, although a native of the deep sea, can live a week out of water, if placed in a bottle or tin-box with moist sea-weed. The valves are so accurately adjusted as to prevent the escape of the contained fluid. The mantle, arms and cirri of this species are frosted over with radiated spicula, composed of carbonate of lime, as described by Oscar Schmidt, and form a beautiful object for the polariscope. To the paleontologist this structural peculiarity is extremely inter- esting, as it explains the preservation of many parts of the internal organization, including the delicate cirri in fossil Brachiopoda. Mr. Fraser exhibited a considerable number of Birds, from the collection of T. C. Eyton, Esq., and more particularly drew attention to a singular variety of Ramphestos discolorus, Linn., in which the blood-red colouring of the abdomen and upper tail-coverts was re- placed by chrome-yellow. The specimen was procured from Rio de Janeiro. He next directed attention to a species of Trogon, which is so nearly allied to Trogon collaris, Vieill., that by most writers it might be considered as identical with, or a mere variety of that species. This bird, for which Mr. Fraser proposed the name of Trogon Eytoni, differs, however, in having the mandibles larger and more robust ; the plumage of the neck and breast of a fine eoppery bronze, instead of green; the central tail-feathers bronze instead of green ; and the barring of the wing-coverts and lateral tail-feathers broader, and consequently more distinct. } Total length, 93 inches; bill, 2; wing, 43 ; tail, 53. Hab. Rio de Janeiro. The third specimen was a fine species of Juida (which Mr. Fraser proposed to call Juida Eytoni), nearly allied to Juida longicauda, PROG. bee Reptilia. Xia. ae ee Bosy iS ay CHELODINA EXPANSA 369 Swains., but differing from that species in having the whole of the body and wings of a fine oil-green, instead of bluish-green, and in having the velvety-black marks near the tips of the wing-coverts and scapularies more conspicuous than in that species; the lower parts of the back and upper tail-coverts of a lovely purple, changing into green on their edges and tips, in lieu of dark bronzy-purple ; the band across the abdomen dark coppery-brown. ‘Total length, 193 inches ; bill, 12; wing, 8; tail, 14; tarsi, 13. Hab. W. Africa: precise locality unknown. The Secretary read the following— Norice or a New Species or TRICHOTROPIS, FROM THE CoL- LECTION OF HuGuH Cumine, Ese. By Artuur Apams, F.L.S., etc. TRICHOTROPIS ER A. Adams. T. testa ovato-fusiformi, viz rimata, alba, tenui; spira elata ; an- Sractibus septem convewis, liris elevatis, spiralibus et lamellis tenuibus longitudinalibus concinne cancellatis, interstitiis trans- versim striatis; apertura ovali, antice producta, canali obsoleta; labio levi, rotundato, antice subrefleco ; labro margine simplici, acuto. Long. 13 poll. Hab. Chiriqui, Veragua (Mr. T. Bridges). Mus. Cuming. I have much pleasure in naming this elegant addition to the genus Trichotropis after the distinguished American conchologist Dr. Gould. Ina recent state the shell is probably covered with a thin light-brown epidermis. It differs from the typical genus in the eanal of the aperture being almost obsolete. December 9, 1856. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., in the Chair. Professor Owen read a paper entitled “Osteological Contributions to the Natural History of the Chimpanzees and Orangs (Troglodytes, Pithecus), No. V1.,”’ which will be published in the Transactions of the Society. The following papers were also read :— 1. DescrirTion or A New Speciges oF CHELODINA FROM AustrRaLiA. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., erc. (Reptilia, Pl. XII.) Mr. Stutchbury, who has recently returned from Australia, No. CCCXXIV.—Procrepinés or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 370 brought with him a series of animals which he collected during his geological researches. In examining this collection with the intention of selecting those specimens which will be interesting additions to the very rich col- lection of Australian animals in the British Museum (including al- most all the species described by Mr. Gould and other recent writers on the fauna of that continent), I was pleased to discover what ap- pears to be a very distinct species of the Australian genus of Long- necked freshwater Tortoises (Chelodina). To the description of this species I have added a short note on the peculiarities of two other species. CHELODINA EXPANSA, n. Ss. (Pl. XII. adult and young.) Shell oblong, rather depressed, broader behind, brown; plates thin, with short, narrow inosculating grooves w the margins flat- tened, expanded ; the side of the back regularly convex ; the lateral marginal plates rather broad, not revolute. The sternum flat, bluntly keeled on the sides, yellow. Head, neck and limbs dark olive above; chin, throat, and under side of the limbs whitish. Shell, length 11, breadth 8 inches. Neck 8 inches long. The young shell is like the adult, but the lateral margins are slightly revolute on the edges, though the plates are broad like the adult. The under side of the margin yellow, with a triangular black spot on the front edge of each shield ; the dorsal shield thin, with three distant concentric grooves, with a rather rugose, moderate- sized areola; the areola of the costal plate subcentral ; the areola of the first vertebral plate is subcentral, of the second, third, fourth and fifth vertebral plate it is on the middle of the hinder margin ; the areola of the marginal plate is on the hinder outer margin. The front vertebral shield is large, and as broad as long; the others are much broader than long, the third being the shortest. This species differs from Chelodina longicollis, C. oblonga and C. Colliei, in the generally expanded form, and especially in the breadth and non-revolution of the lateral margin, and in the side of the sternum not being so sharply keeled as in the two latter species. It differs from Chelodina sulcifera in the membranous character of the shields, and also in the sternum being narrow in front, like that of C. oblonga and C. Colliei, and not expanded and broader, as in C. longicollis and C. sulcifera. CHELODINA LONGICOLLIS. A fine shell of the adult animal of this species, larger than any I have hitherto received, was in the collection. The shell is rather convex and swollen on the sides, with a deep, broad, rounded concavity along the centre of the second, third and fourth vertebral plate, about two-thirds the width of the plates. The black sutural lines on the sternum are narrow and uniform. Length of the shell 83; width 6 inches. 371 Curtymys Macquaria. Two adult specimens of this kind were also in the series. They are both much darker than the two specimens in the British Museum Collection. They are also peculiar for having a very distinct, deep, narrow, interrupted groove along the vertebral line, deepest and widest on the fourth vertebral plate. The discal shields are also marked with rather deep distinct radiating grooves, which are evi- dently indentations in the bones of the animal, only covered by the very thin skin-like shields. Shell, length 11, breadth 8 inches. 2. On sume Fish rrom Asta Minor anv Patestine. By Sir Joun Ricwarpson, C.B., F.R.S. L. & Ep. etc. Through the kindness of Dr. Gray of the British Museum, I have been permitted to examine a small collection of Fish made by H. Poole, Esq., in Palestine and Asia Minor. Though they do not pre- sent to the ichthyologist any novel generic forms, they are interest- ing on account of the localities in which they were found. Cyprinopon Hammonis, Cuv. et Val. xviii. 169, This small fish was taken in a marshy spot, on the immediate beach of the Dead Sea, at Usdum, the supposed site of Sodom. The marsh, which contained some very small puddles of salt-water in which the fish were swimming, and from whence they were scooped out with ease by the hands, is fed by a saline spring which issues a little higher up, and is so little above the level of the sea, that Mr. Poole believed that the fish were washed into the pools by the waves. The opinion that the exhalations of the Dead Sea are immediately fatal to animal life, and that not even a bird can fly over it, has long been exploded. One of Mr. Poole’s companions bathed in it daily with impunity, and even fancied that in diving he had discovered the remains of a ruined city under its waters, opposite to Usdum. Mr. Poole also observed ducks diving in it, and concluded, justly we think, that they must have found something edible to induce them to repeat that act, which they did frequently. Lieut. Lynch of the U.S. Navy examined the water of the Dead Sea (Exp. to Jordan, &c. p. 377) with a powerful microscope, and found that it contained no animalcule and no vestige of animal matter. Its specific gravity was 1:13, compared with distilled water as 1:0, while water of the Atlantic from lat. 25° N. and 52° W. longitude was 1:02. Another examination of the water of the Dead Sea, quoted on the last page of Lieut. Lynch’s book, gives its spe- cific gravity as 1°227 at temp. 60°, and the solid saline matter as 267 in 1000. Specimens of the water taken up by Mr. Poole have been deposited at the Geological Society, together with examples of the water in which the fish were found, and of the salt spring which fed the marsh. 372 With respect to the Cyprinodonts, several of the species inhabit salt and fresh waters indifferently, the C. Hammonis being one of the number. It was originally discovered by Ehrenberg in the springs of the Oasis of Jupiter Ammon, and subsequently in great plenty in other districts of Egypt and Syria. M. Eloy found it in the waters of Damascus, and Riippell states that it is an inhabitant of all parts of the Red Sea, and also of the fresh-water springs at Tor, which have a temperature of 263° of Reaumur or 91°°6 of Fahr. This is also the temperature of one of the hot springs of Cannea in Ceylon, inhabited by the Ambassis thermalis. M. Renaud, on send- ing examples of this Ambassis to Cuvier, stated that the heat of the spring was 115° Fahr.; but there is reason to infer, either that his thermometer was incorrect, or that he took the temperature of the feeding spring only. When Dr. Davy visited the springs in October 1817, the hottest well raised the thermometer to 107°, but he was told that the heat fluctuated, and had been observed as high as 110° F. There are in all seven wells, their temperatures being various, and that of one of them as low as 86°. In one only, in which the thermometer stood at 91°, did he observe fish. He thought it probable that all the wells were supplied with water from the same source (Davy’s Travels in Ceylon, p. 44). In an excursion from the south side of the Sea of Marmora to the Asiatic Olympus, Mr. Poole obtained several Cyprinoids and some Gobies chiefly from Lake Apollonia or Apollonitis near Broussa, and from the River Gemlek that falls into the Sinus Cianus. He also caught some Trout on the summit of Olympus itself. The specimens are unfortunately so much decayed that their original forms cannot be ascertained with sufficient precision, but they have much resemblance to the common Salmo fario of Linnzeus, and like it have two longi- tudinal rows of teeth on the vomer, without a cluster on the front of that bone. The Cyprinoids and Gobies are in good condition. Cyprinus Biruynicus, Richardson. The Cyprini resemble one another so closely, that it is matter of extreme difficulty to determine the species when unaided by correctly labelled specimens. One of Mr. Poole’s fish, caught in Lake Apol- lonitis, has the four minute barbels of Cyprinus carpis, but differs from that typical form in the great compression of its body, while it does not agree so perfectly with C. elatus, hungaricus, Nord- manni, and other species with deep bodies, described and figured in the ‘ Histoire des Poissons,’ as to be referable with confidence to any of them. In general form, the origin of the barbels, position of the fins, and numbers of their rays, as well as in the outline of the preorbitar and rest of the suborbitar scale bones, it corresponds more closely with C. flavipinnis than with any other member of this group noticed in that work ; but as flavipinnis belongs to the Indian Ar- chipelago, a minute comparison of specimens is necessary to esta- blish their identity. Hence I have designated Mr. Poole’s fish by a 373 geographical appellation, and shall proceed to mention the ty tions of its various external parts. Its rays are, D. 4/18; A. 3|45, the last one divided to the base; P. 19; V.9; C. 195. Head a very little less than a fourth of the total length, measured to the tips of the caudal lobes, or a third of the length measured to near the end of the scales on the base of that fin. Height of the body greatest at the front of the dorsal, and equal to a third of the length measured to the tips of the Gdatral caudal rays, and conse- quently sensibly exceeding the length of the head. The greatest thickness of the fish is in the temporal region at the upper anterior angle of the operculum, and the length of the transverse diameter at that place is contained two and a half times in the height of the body ; but posterior to the head, the thickness nowhere exceeds a third of the height. The body thins off from the lateral line to the acute edge of the back, and the sides below are also flattened in, but the edge of the belly is flat to the width of the transverse insertion of the ventrals, or about equal to the diameter of the eye. In profile the fish resembles, as we have said, C. flavipinnis, as represented by pl. 457 of the ‘ Histoire des Poissons,’ but the scales are probably smaller, there being thirty-seven in our fish on the lateral line, which runs perfectly straight at mid-height throughout. Snout obtuse. Barbels like those of the species just referred: to, but more slender and considerably shorter. Eyes close to the pro- file, about a diameter and a half of the orbit apart transversely, one diameter from the end of the snout, and one and three-quarters an- terior to the gill-opening ; the diameter being to the length of the head as 1: 3°75. Length of the dorsal equal to the vertical distance between the upper surface of the ventrals and the summit of the back. The first ray of the fin stands midway between the end of the snout and the base of the caudal; the ventrals being attached imme- diately beneath the second soft ray. The fourth stiffray is as usual robust and denticulated posteriorly, while the three shorter, gra- duated, anterior stiff rays are incumbent on its base. The third anal ray is similar to the fourth dorsal one, and stands directly under the last two branching rays of the dorsal. Teeth.—The lower pharyngeal bone is on the whole crescentic, but of irregular form. With its fellow it embraces the lower part of the gullet in nearly a half-circle. On its interior edge there is a row of about twelve small, acutely subulate teeth. At its middle there are three larger obtuse teeth, which stand one before the other in an antero-posterior (or dermo- central) direction, and are contiguous or incumbent on each other. The most interior one is obtusely. conical, with a minute central cusp: the next, which is slightly the largest of the three, is worn on the exterior side ; and the outer one is worn on both sides, but still blunt on the suiamait : besides these three there are two much smaller and more chisel-shaped ones, abreast of the” second of the larger ones, and on its mesial side. There are thus five molar teeth on each lower pharyngeal bone, and a row of aci- cular or subulate tooth-like rakers on its inner border. 374 Levuciscus APoLuLoniTis, Richardson. The difficulty of grouping and describing the numerous species of this genus is acknowledged by all who have made the attempt. M. Valenciennes has shown that the labours of Agassiz, Bonaparte and other first-rate ichthyologists on the Leucisci have been by no means successful, nor has he himself been more fortunate in his endeavours ; the small groups of species described in the ‘ Histoire des Poissons” being far from sufficiently precise to do away with the necessity of reviewing almost the whole genus before any member of it brought from a new locality can be rightly placed. The entire question of geographical distribution rests on the correct recognition of species 5 and a great advance inichthyological science will be made, when the Cyprinoids of Asiatic Turkey, Persia, and Affghanistan shall be col- lected and described, so as to complete the missing links between the European and Indian forms. Enlightened travellers, therefore, like Mr. Poole, who bring home specimens of freshwater fishes from these countries, merit a grateful commendation from a Natural History Society. The specimen that we have now particularly to notice has a strong resemblance to the English Red-eye or Rudd, the Rotengle of the French, and the Leuciscus erythrophthalmus of Cuvier, which is the type of the subgenus Scardinius of Bonaparte. In this group the mandible ascends obliquely in front of the upper jaw, so that when the mouth is shut it forms the most anterior point of the fish. It happens that Mr. Poole’s specimen is exactly of the same size with the figure of the Rudd in Mr. Yarrell’s beautiful work, so that an exact comparison can be made between them, and the most striking difference is that the Rudd has a slightly greater height of body. The length of the head, the position of the dorsal fin, the decurvature of the lateral line, and the numbers of rays im the fins, are the same in both. The ventrals, however, are a little further forward in L. Apollonitis, so that the tips of the pectorals overlap them a little, and the scales are a trifle smaller, numbering two more on the lateral line. In the Asiatic fish, moreover, the pro- file from the point of the snout to the dorsal is less arched, being uearly straight ; and the number of the pharyngeal teeth being dif- ferent in the two species, we obtain a precise distinctive mark. Those of Apollonitis number five in the inferior or exterior row, all denticu- lated within and hooked at the point ; while the three forming the interior row are very short, and are likewise denticulated on their interior sides. L. erythrophthalmus has only four teeth in the in- ferior row. As in most Leucisci the second dorsal ray is unbranched and tapering, and the first, which is shorter, is applied closely to its base without the intervention of membrane. In this species the second . ay is the tallest in the fin, and it is perfectly flexible, without any of that stiffness which is characteristic of Agassiz’ genus Rhodeus, in which moreover the pharyngeal teeth are chisel-shaped. The first ray of the dorsal stands on the highest point of the back, and exactly midway between the tip of the snout and the extremities of the 375 middle rays of the caudal ; while the middle of the dorsal is in the middle of the total length measured to the points of the caudal rays. The insertion of the ventrals again is midway between the point of the snout and the base of the caudal. Rays :—Br. 3-3; D. 10; A. 13, last ray deeply divided; V. 9; C. 198; P..15-or 163 Body much compressed, thinning off rapidly towards the belly : its greatest thickness is considerably above the middle, and is equal to between a third and a fourth of its utmost height. Lateral line traced along the lower third of the height, parallel to the curve of the ventral edge, and consequently very concave upwards. It is composed of forty-two scales. Under the front of the dorsal, where the body is highest, there are seven rows of scales above the row which forms the lateral line and four below, or twelve in all. The scales are dotted with black on the edges, and traversed by about four radiating lines on the exposed disk and two or three shorter ones on the covered base, all issuing from the same point. Head small, its length being contained four times and a half in the total length of the fish, measured to the tips of the caudal lobes, and being consequently perceptibly less than the height of the fish. Its breadth between the eyes is a very little in excess of the diameter of the eye, and is greater than the thickness of the body. Preorbitar scale bone nearly rectangular, with the corners rounded off, a little longer than high, and traversed by an unbranched muco-duct, which is continu- ous with the muciferous tube of the other suborbitars: the second of these bones is narrower than the third one. Mandible ascending and shutting against the front of the upper jaw. Its joint is directly beneath the anterior curve of the orbit. The eye is nearer to the tip of the snout than to the gill-opening, and its diameter rather exceeds a third of the length of the head. First ray of the dorsal standing midway between the tip of the snout and the extremity of the middle caudal ray ; while the middle of the fin is equidistant from the tip of the snout and the distal puints of the caudal lobes. Tips of the pectorals slightly overlapping the base _ of the ventrals, which lies midway between the end of the snout and the base of the caudal. The greatest height of body is at the front of the dorsal, and rather exceeds one-fourth of the entire length of the fish. M. Valenciennes remarks that descriptions, even when aided by good figures, do not suffice to discriminate the nearly resembling species of Leuciscus ; hence this or any other proposed new species cannot be considered as properly established until it has been com- pared with authentic specimens of the known forms. Levciscus Cu (Richardson). This Leuciseus was caught by Mr. Poole in the River Gemlek, _ anciently named Cius, which falls into the Propontis near the pro- montory of Posidium. Like the preceding one it belongs to the group of species which have the dorsal placed over the space between the ventrals and anal, but in this instance considerably nearer the 376 former. Its pharyngeal teeth are in two rows, viz. five inferior taller ones, and two interior shorter ones, all incurved at the tips, and some of them distinctly denticulated on the inner edge, others only obso- letely so. Rays:—D. 10; A. 11, the last one deeply divided, and the front one short and incumbent; V.9; P. 18; C. 19. In general form this fish resembles the Leuciseus Baldnert more nearly than it does any of the other species figured in the ‘ Histoire des Poissons,’ but the head is a little longer, and the snout does not bulge out at the nostrils; the last ray of the dorsal also stands a little before the anus, and the anal does not occupy so much space as in L. Baldneri. Of the figures given by Yarrell, it has most like- ness to the Graining or L. Lancastriensis. Length of the head contained four times in the length of the fish up to the base of the caudal, or four and a half times in the length when that fin is included. The form of the head is conical. The eye approaches the upper profile, and its diameter measures about a fourth of the length of the head ; it is situated a little more than a diameter from the tip of the snout, and nearly two diameters from the extreme edge of the gill-cover. Preorbitar subtriangular, with its corners irregularly rounded off, and its oral border traversed by a muciferous tube having short lateral branches. The remainder of the suborbital chain unites imperceptibly with the silvery integument of the cheek, but is indicated by its muciferous tube skirting the under curve of the orbit. When the head is allowed to dry, however, the second and third suborbitars are perceived to be very narrow, and the fourth one much broader. The height of the body is about one-fifth of the total length to the tips of the caudal, or, more exactly, a fourth of the length up to the end of the scales on that fin. It is a very little less than the length of the head. The thickness of the fish is greatest at the nape, which is much rounded, and is equal to half the greatest height of the body. The back is more obtuse than the belly. Lateral line decurved, running more than a third of the height from the rim of the belly, and traced on forty-seven scales. There are seven rows . above the lateral line at the ventrals, and four below, making with the one contributing to form the line, twelve in all. Of these, two scales are below the upper ventral ray. There are about seventeen short lines on the base of a scale, and twelve or fourteen longer ones on the exposed disk, all radiating from one point. The concentric lines of structure are crowded, but very evident. APPENDIX. Museum of Practical Geology, Jermyn Street, November 27th, 1856. My pear Sir Ropericxk, I hasten to give you the results obtained in the exami- nation of waters which were forwarded to me by Mr. Reeks :— Proc. Z.S. Molhisca.. XXXVI. L.Cyindrella. Ghiestreghti Pf 2 ©. tarris Pi*. 3.C.clawa Pf 4,5 Helix metePfrand var.6.7 HLombei Pf and var 4 8.H Greville: Pf W.West imap. GB Sowerby delei bin 377 1. Brine spring near Usdum with fish. Temp. 90° F. Spec. grav. 17035. 2. North End near Jordan. Temp. 83° F. Spec. grav. 1:196. 3. Dead Sea, Usdum, South End. Temp. 83° F. Spee. grav. 1-204. 4. El Lisan (Peninsula), North End. Spec. grav. 1-200. No. 1 smelt strongly of sulphuretted hydrogen, and contained a good deal of suspended matters. No. 2 pretty clear ; less sulphu- retted hydrogen. Nos. 3 and 4 clear, and no sulphuretted hydro- en. I remain, My dear Sir Roderick, Yours very sincerely, A. W. Horman. Sir Roderick Murchison, Se. Se. Calculated evaporation from the area of the Dead Sea at temp. 84° F. (58°6 dew-point) 1,500,000,000 gallons, or 6,500,000 tons. Assumed area 320 square miles (H. Poole). 3. Descriptions or NINETEEN New Species or Lanp-SHELLs, FRoM Mr. H. Cumine’s CoLLECTION, COLLECTED ny M. GHIESBREGHT AT Cutapa, Mexico. By Dr. L. Preirrer. (Mollusca, Pl. XXXVI.) 1. Srmputorsis Cutapensis, Pfr. 8S. testa depresse globosa, tenuissima, confertim striata, nitida, pellucida, cornea ; spira minuta, parum prominula ; sutura canaliculata ; anfr. 21 con- vexis, ultimo magno ; columella tenui, arcuata ; apertura dia- gonali, lunato-circulari ; perist. simplice, recto, margine dextro superne subrecedente. Diam. maj. 83, min. 63, alt. 44 mill. 2. Hewix wELictompnHata, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, depressa, solida, oblique costulata, nitidula, pallide lutescenti-cornea ; spira via elevata; anfr. 54 convexiusculis, ultimo antice sub- deflexo, supra medium subcarinato, basi inflato, circa umbili- cum, 4 diametri fere equantem, scalariformem subcompresso, antice constricto et scrobiculato; apertura diagonali, rotun- dato-lunari, dente lingueformi, sublibero parietis coarctata ; perist. albo, angulatim refleco, margine supero subhorizontali, dextro et basali acute unidentatis. Diam. maj. 12, min. 104, alt. 51 mill. 3. Hextix Curapensis, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, depressa, solidula, striata, nitida, albido-cornea, ad suturam Susculo- fasciata; spira breviter conoidea; anfr. 53. conveviusculis, ultimo antice deflexo, superne turgido, subtus constricto, basi 378 inflato; umbilico parvo, subregulari, pervio ; apertura diago- nali, magna, sinuato-lunari, dente parvulo, tenut, obliquo, libero parietis subcoarctata ; perist. albo, breviter refleco, marginibus conniventibus, supero subascendente, deatro dente descendente et basali denticulo obsoleto munito. Diam. maj. 104, min. 9, alt. 6 mill. 4. Sprraxis Euvptycra, Pfr. Sp. testa turrita, solidula, plicis compressis, superne distantibus, deorsum confertioribus sculpta, nitidula, cereo-albida ; spira regulariter attenuata, acutius- cula; sutura plicis excurrentibus crenata ; anfr. 9-95 conveais, ultimo + longitudinis vie equante, rotundato ; lamina columel- lari leviter torta, subrefleca, non truncata ; apertura viz ob- liqua, oblonga; perist. simplice, margine dextro antrorsum subarcuato. Long. 93, diam. 2$ mill. 5. Sprraxis pupiA, Pfr. Sp. testa turrito-oblonga, solidula, plicis confertis, validis, obtusis munita, nitidula, corneo-albida, strigis castaneis in medio anfr. ultimi evanescentibus irregu- lariter picta, subvaricosa; spira elongata, apice acuta; anfr. 9 convexiusculis, ultimo 4 longitudinis non attingente ; lamina columellari tenui, torta, ad basin apertura subverticali, sub- rhombeam canalem formante ; perist. simplice, marginibus callo tenui junctis, dextro antrorsum leviter arcuato, basi recedente. Long. 94, diam. fere 4} mill. 6. Sprraxis Brconica, Pfr. Sp. testa subfusiformi, utrinque conico-attenuata, solidula, levigata, nitida, pallide rubenti- cornea; spira conica, acutiuscula; sutura marginata; anfr. 7 vie convexiusculis, ultimo spiram paulo superante, basi valde attenuato; lamina columellari callosa, torta, non truncata ; apertura subverticali, angustissima, acuminato-oblonga ; perist. simplice, margine dextro valde antrorsum arcuato. Long. 133, diam. 6 mill. 7, Sprraxis caTenaTa, Pfr. Sp. testa subfusiformi-oblonga, solidula, nitida, irregulariter striatula, corneo-lutescente, fascia castanea suturali, alteraque maculatim interrupta supra me- dium anfr. ultimi ornata ; spira conica, obtusula; anfr. 6 modice convewxis, ultimo spira paulo longiore, basi subattenuato ; lamina columellari callosa, torta, non truncata ; apertura ver- ticali, angusta, acuminata, sinuato-semiovali ; perist. simplice, margine deatro superne sinuoso, tum antrorsum arcuato. Long. 11, diam. 4 mill. 8. SPIRAXIs OBLONGA, Pfr. Sp. testa oblonga, solidula, levi- gata, nitida, cornea; spira elongato-conica, apice obtusa ; sutura levi, late marginata ; anfr. 5 planis, ultimo spiram vix superante, basi minime attenuato ; lamina columellari com- pressa, alte torta, basi non truncata ; apertura verticali, an- 379 guste ovali, longe acuminata ; perist. simplice, margine dextro leviter antrorsum arcuato. Long. 92, diam. 42 mill. 9. Sprraxis PARVULA, Pfr. Sp. testa subfusiformi-oblonga, tenut, lineis impressis irregulariter notata, nitida, pellucida, cornea, obsolete rufo-strigata ; spira conica, acutiuscula; su- tura rufo-marginata; anfr. 6 convexiusculis, ultimo 4 longitu- dinis formante, basi attenuato ; lamina columellari: subineras- sata, torta, non truncata ; apertura anguste semiovali, longe acuminata ; perist. simplice, margine dextro valde antrorsum arcuato. Long. 8, diam. vix 4 mill. 10. Acnatina Curapensis, Pfr. 4. testa cylindraceo-turrita, solidula, conferte plicato-striata, nitida, pellucida, cerea ; spira gracili, apice obtusula; sutura subcrenulata marginata ; anfr. 9-10 convewis, ultimo 1 longitudinis subequante, basi rotundato ; columella subcallosa, strictiuscula, basi oblique truncata ; apertura subverticali, tetragono-ovali ; perist. sim- plice, recto. Long. 16, diam, 32 mill. 11. Acwarina TrRypanopss, Pfr. 4. testa cylindraceo-turrita, solidula, conferte plicata, nitidula, subdiaphana, albido-cerea ; spira subregulariter attenuata, obtusula ; sutura subcrenulata ; anfr. 12, superis perconvezis, sequentibus planioribus, ultimo 1 longitudinis vie equante, basi rotundato ; columella brevi, leviter arcuata, oblique truncata ; apertura subobliqua, ellip- tico-ovali ; perist. simplice, margine dextro leviter antrorsum arcuato. Long. 13, diam. 3 mill. 12, Acwatina (OLEACINA) PULCHELLA, Pfr. 4. testa oblonga, tenuiuscula, sublevigata (sub lente arcuatin et trregulariter striatula), nitida, corneo-albida, obsolete luteo-strigata ; spira convexo-conica, acutiuscula ; sutura anguste marginata ; anfr. 6 modice convewis, ultimo 2 longitudinis vix aquante, basi sub- attenuato ;. columella substricta, anguste truncata 3 apertura verticali, sinuato-semiovali, longe acuminata ; perist. simplice, margine dextro antrorsum vie dilatato. Long. 103, diam. 32 mill. 13. Acwatina (OLEAcina) Guresprecutt, Pfr. 4. testa fu- siformi, tenera longitudinaliter conferte plicata, striis tenuis- simis undique decussata, sub epidermide pallide fulva albida ; spira concaviusculo-conica, apice obtusa; sutura erenulato- Jilomarginata ; anfr. 7 convexiusculis, ultimo spiram paulo su- perante, superne turgido, basi valde attenuato ; columella ad basin aperture transverse truncata, prope basin plica obliqua 380 munita; apertura angusta, acuminato-semiovali ; perist. sim- plice, rufulo-limbato. Long. 52, diam. 19 mill. 14. Cynoyprecia Guressrecutt, Pfr. (Pl. XXXVI. f. 1.) C. ‘testa arcuato-rimata, cylindraceo-turrita, truncata, solida, nigro-fusca; spira sensim attenuata, torte truncata ; anfr. superst. 10-11 vix convexiusculis, superis conferte striatis, in- ferioribus leviter flexuose plicatis, ultimo antice soluto, striato, dorso angulato, infra medium obtuse earinato ; apertura ob- liqua, subangulato-ovali, basi subeffusa, intus plica valida, com- pressa columelle coarctata ; perist. continuo, flecuoso, albido, undique breviter reflexo. Long. 82, diam. 22 mill. B. Testa tenui, cinnamomea, anfr. superst. 13-16. 15. CyninpreLts TuRRIS, Pfr. (Pl. XXXVI. f. 2.) C. testa profunde subangulato-rimata, cylindraceo-turrita, truncata, tenui, confertissme subarcuato-striata, diaphana, oleoso-micante, rufa vel fulvida ; spira sursum valde attenuata, magis minusve truncata ; anfr. superst. 18-24 subplanulatis, ultimo antice soluto, dorso et basi carinato, medio angulato ; apertura parum obliqua, rhombeo-ovali, plica levi columelle basi canaliculata ; perist. continuo, albo, undique expanso et reflexiusculo. Long. 68-72, diam. 14 mill. 16. CyxinpRELLA ciava, Pfr. (Pl. XXXVI. f. 3.) C. testa profunde arcuato-rimata, turrito-cylindracea, truncata, tenui- uscula, confertim arcuato-striata, diaphana, parum nitida, fulva ; spira sursum parum attenuata, latiuscule truncata ; anfr. superst. 16-21 modice convewis, ultimo breviter soluto, dorso et basi carinato, latere filocarinato ; apertura rhombeo- ovali, plica levi profunda columelle coarctata, basi canalicu- lata ; perist. continuo, albo, undique expanso et reflexiusculo. Long. 42-57, diam. 9-10 mill. 17. Hexicina Cutarensis, Pfr. H. testa globoso-turbinata, tenui, striatula et sub lente magis minusve distincte malleata, rubello-cornea, obsolete saturatius fasciata ; spira turbinata, acuta; anfr. 6 convewiusculis, ultimo spiram equante, peri- pheria obsoletissime subangulato ; columella brevi, antrorsum in denticulum desinente, superne callum crassiusculum, circum- scriptum emittente ; apertura ohliqua, acuminato-subovali ; perist. albo, late expanso, ad insertiones angustato.—Opere. tenue, nigro-purpurascens, nucleo pallido. Diam. maj. 12, min. 10, alt. 9 mill. 18. Henicrna srevitaseis, Pfr. H. testa globoso-turbinata, solidula, striatula, striis spiralibus confertis sub lente decus- sata, parum nitida, fulvida vel lutescente, interdum fascia | rubra cincta ; spira convexo-conica, acuta; anfr.5 via con- 4. Ni x (5c ate per |! b iM ia’ pyle . 381 vexiusculis, ultimo rotundato, spira breviore ; columella leviter arcuata, basi subsimplice, callum emittente tenuem, diffusum ; apertura obliqua, fere semicirculari ; perist. undique brevissime expanso. Diam. maj. 7, min. 6, alt. 5 mill. 19. Hexicina GuiespreGcuTi, Pfr. H. testa conoidea, soli- dula, acute carinata, striis incrementi et antrorsum descenden- tibus sub lente decussatula, sulcisque spiralibus remotis sculpta, pallide lutea, ad suturam et carinam albo-fasciata ; spira con- vexo-conoidea, submucronata ; anfr. 54 vix convexiusculis, ul- timo utringue convexiore ; columella brevi, superne impressa, basi tuberculata, callum emittente nitidum, diffusum; aper- tura perobliqua, fere triangulari ; perist. calloso, late expanso et reflexiusculo, ad carinam subrostrato.—Operc. solidulum, nigro-castaneum. Diam. maj. 193, min. 16, alt. 10 mill. Descriptions oF E1GHTEEN New Species or Lanp-SHELLS COLLECTED ON THE ADMIRALTY ISLANDS, FROM THE COoL- LECTION OF Mr. H. Cumine. By Dr. L. Preirrer. (Mollusea, Pl. XXXVI.) 1. Hetrx meta, Pfr. (Pl. XXXVI. f. 4, 5.) H. testa subobtecte perforata, coniformi, tenuiuscula, vix striatula, nitida, colo- ribus varia ; spira turbinata, acutiuscula ; anfr. 6-63 convex- qusculis, ultimo infra medium obtuse subangulato, basi modice convexo ; apertura diagonali, rhombeo-ovali ; perist. reflexi- usculo, margine dextro subflexuoso, basali refleco, cum columel- lari subverticali, triangulatim supra perforationem reflexo, an- gulum indistinctum formante. Diam. maj. 23, min. 20, alt. 26 mill. a. Unicolor vitrina, perist. albo. B. Citrina, fascia suturali et vitta purpurascenti-nigra ‘pone pe- ristoma nigro-violaceum ornata. y- Nigra, fascia | suturali pallida ornata, perist. nigro. _ 2. Hexrx praciostoma, Pfr. H. testa oblique umbilicata, trochiformi, tenuiuscula, leviter striata, nitida, fulva ; spira conica, acutiuseula; sutura submarginata ; anfr. 6 convex- iusculis, ultimo antice vix descendente, carinato, basi plani- usculo; apertura perobliqua, subrhombea; perist. simplice, marginibus convergentibus, dextro late expanso, antrorsum arcuato, basali reflexo, cum columellari triangulatim dilatato, libero, umbilicum non claudente angulum obtusum formante. Diam. maj. 233, min. 19, alt. 21 mill. 3. Herrx masuscuna, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, depressa, suborbiculata, solidula, oblique striata et irregulariter malleata, 382 nitida, purpurascenti-fusca ; spira viv elevata, medio plana ; anfr. 53 parum convexis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo antice viz descendente, peripheria obtuse angulato, basi circa umbi- licum infundibuliformem, magnum subcompresso; apertura diagonali, lunari, intus margaritacea ; perist. calloso, albido, reflexiusculo, marginibus callo tenui junctis, basali perarcuato. Diam. maj. 44, min. 39, alt. 16 mill. 4. Hextrx quercina, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, globoso-conoi- dea, solida, oblique striata et impresso-punctata, rufo-castanea ; spira conoidea, acutiuscula ; tn, r. 5 modice convexis, ultimo rotundato, antice vix descendente, juxta umbilicum angustum leviter canaliculato ; apertura fere diagonali, rotundato-lunari, intus cerulescenti-albida ; perist. calloso, albo, brevissime re- flexo, margine columellari triangulatim dilatato, libero. Diam. maj. 36, min. 31, alt. 23 mill. 5. Hetix Homsront, Pfr. H. testa angustissime umbilicata, conotdeo-subglobosa, tenuiuscula, oblique striata et pilis brevibus rigidis obsita, saturate castanea ; spira breviter conoidea, acu- tiuscula ; anfr. 5} convexiusculis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo via descendente, peripheria subangulato, basi inflato; aper- tura fere verticali, subauriformi-lunari, intus albida ; perist. albo, marginibus remotis, supero brevi, subhorizontali, expanso, basali subflexuoso, breviter reflexo, ad umbilicum dilatato. Diam. maj. 34, min. 29, alt. 18 mill. This is prohably the H. Fanellei, Hombr. & Jacq., figured in the Voy. au Pole Sud, Atl. pl. 4. f. 15-18, but the name has been pre- occupied by Le Guillon, 1842. 6. Hetrx Lomset, Pfr. (Pl. XXXVI. f. 6, 7.) H. testa imper- Sorata, depresso-turbinata, tenuiuscula, striatula et striis le- vissimis antrorsum descendentibus decussatula, albida, fasciis 2 latis fulvo-fuscis, maculisque variis nigricantibus notata ; spira conoidea, acutiuscula ; anfr. 5 convexis, ultimo depresso- rotundato, antice descendente, peripheria subangulato (angulo antice evanescente) ; columella intrante, declivi, lata, excavata, alba; apertura perobliqua, lunato-ovali ; perist. albo, margi- nibus conniventibus, dextro late expanso, basali lato, plano. Diam. maj. 31, min. 24, alt. 17 mill. B. Lutescens, nigro late bifasciata. y. Albida, strigis obliquis diaphano-griseis picta. 7. Hevix FLEXILABRIS, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, turbinata, solidula, striolis obliquis et levissimis antrorsum descendentibus subgranulata, fulvido-albida, fasciis nigro-castaneis latis vel angustis ornata ; spira turbinata, obtusula; anfr. 5} convexi- usculis, ultimo antice descendente, peripheria obsoletissime sub- angulato ; columella intrante, compressa, subarcuato-declivi ; apertura perobliqua, lunato-elliptica ; perist. late expanso, 383 marginibus conniventibus, dextro flecuoso, reflexiusculo, colu- mellari sursum adnato. Diam. maj. 27, min. 214, alt. 23 mill. Nearly allied to H. contformis, Fér., from which it differs by its whorls being less convex, the aperture elliptically produced, and the peristome, Q W- °°3. Henrx puTuisica, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, trochiformi, , ju solidula, striatula et rugis distinctis subdistantibus, antrorsum (uf descendentibus sculpta, opaca, sordide alba; spira regulariter conica, acutiuscula ; anfr. 5 planiusculis, ultimo vix descen- dente, paulo convexiore, subangulato, basi virenti-fulvo, radiato- striato, sulcis nonnullis spiralibus notato, nitido ; columella declivi, compressa, strictiuscula, lata, subexcavata ; apertura perobliqua, truncato-elliptica ; perist. subincrassato, margini- bus vix convergentibus, dextro breviter reflewo, antrorsum ar- cuato, basali lato, patente. Diam. maj. 23, min. 18, alt. 20 mill. This shell differs from H. vewillaris, Pfr., by its solid structure, the spire being highly conical, the distant folds, the peristome, &c. 9. Hexrx xipuias, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, depressissima, te- nutuscula, oblique striata, albido-cornea, fasciis 4 angustis easta- nets, medianis 2 carine acute, albe contiguis, ornata; spira vie elevata vel subimmersa; sutura carina marginata; anfr. 5 convexiusculis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente ; umbilico + diametri equante ; apertura perobliqua, angulato- lunari ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus subconvergentibus, dextro antrorsum arcuato, columellari subincrassato, basi no- dulum callosum gerente. Diam. maj. 18, min. 153, alt. 43-5 mill. 8. Paulo minor, fusca, fasciis obsoletis. To be compared with H. entomostoma, Jacq. Voy. Péle Sud, Atl. pl. 7. f. 22-25. 10. Hexrx sepacea, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, conoideo-semi- globosa, solidula, substriata, parum nitida, sebacea; spira convexo-conoidea, obtusa; sutura submarginata ; anfr. 6 con- vexiusculis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente, ob- solete angulato ; umbilico aperto, + Giametri vie equante ; apertura perobliqua, lunato-ovali; perist. subsimplice, margi- nibus convergentibus, dextro recto, antrorsum arcuato, basali subincrassato, ad umbilicum vix dilatato. Diam. maj. 174, min. 15, alt. 10 mill. 11. H. rustoma, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, depressa, striatula et quincuncialiter punctata ( pilosa’), aurantiaco-fusca ; spira plana; anfr. 4% convewis, ultimo alto, inflato, antice sensim descendente et rufescente, basi circa umbilicum infundibuli- 384 formem subangulato; apertura obliqua, elegantissime rotun- dato-lunari ; perist. subincrassato, undique breviter reflexo, Susco-carneo, marginibus conniventibus, callo junctis, columel- lari vix dilatato. Diam. maj. 21, min. 174, alt. 11 mill. 12. Hexix ursina, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, depressa, tenui- uscula, striatula et sublente punctulata, vix nitidula, saturate brunnea ; spira brevissime conoidea, vertice subtili; anfr. 55 modice convexis, ultimo majore, inflato, non descendente, circa umbilicum angustum, pervium subcompresso; apertura dia- gonali, lunato-ovali, intus lilaceo-margaritacea ; perist. tenut, marginibus distantibus, dextro arcuato, breviter expanso, co-— lumellari declivi, reflexiusculo, ad umbilicum dilatato. Diam. maj. 20, min. 17, alt. 104 mill. 13. Hetrx murina, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, depresse turbi- nato-globosa, tenui, ruguloso-striata, granulato-subasperata, saturate rufa; spira breviter conoidea, obtusula ; anfr. fere 5 convexis, ultimo inflato, antice vix descendente, circa umbilicum mediocrem, pervium subcompresso ; apertura diagonali, lunato- rotundata, intus submargaritacea ; perist. fusco-carneo, undi- que breviter expanso, marginibus subconvergentibus, columellari superne dilatato, fornicatim reflexo. Diam. maj. 15, min. 12, alt. 9 mill. 14. Partuta stricosa, Pfr. P. testa perforata, oblongo- conica, solidula, obsoletissime decussatula, subopaca, albida, strigis irregularibus fulvis vel rufis ornata ; spira conica, apice acuta; anfr. 5 subplanis, ultimo spira vix breviore, basi sub- attenuato, rotundato ; columella superne subtorta, basi subno- dosa; apertura vix obliqua, truncato-ovali, interdum callo nodiformi parietis coarctata ; perist. albo, calloso, undique sub- e@qualiter patente. Long. 17-18, diam. 9 mill. 15. Parruta minuta, Pfr. P. testa perforata, globoso-conica, tenui, striatula striisque spiralibus subgranulata, pallide ful- vescente, diaphana; spira brevi, conica, obtusula; anfr. 4 convexis, ultimo globoso, 2 longitudinis formante; columella subsimplice, leviter recedente ; apertura parum obliqua, ovali ; perist. tenui, albo, marginibus approximatis, dextro superne perarcuato, expanso, columellari latiore, patente. Long. 103, diam, 7 mill. 16. Cyctosroma (Lerroroma) Hanieyanum, Pfr. C. testa vic perforata, globoso-turbinata, tenuiuscula, striis spiralibus confertissimis subundulatis, lirisque nonnullis levibus obtusis cincta, fulvida, flammis angulosis fuscis marmorata ; spira turbinata, apice acutiusculo, nigricante ; anfr. 5 convezis, ultimo inflato, circa perforationem subclausam pallide ; aper- 385 tura obliqua, subangulato-circulari ; perist. subduplice interno via interrupto, adnato, externo patente, concentrice striatulo, latere sinistro dilatato, Sornicatim refleco.—Opere. planum, Sulvum. Diam. maj. 12, min. 10, alt. 10 mill. 17. Hewicina GRATIOSA, Pfr. A. testa subgloboso-turbinata, tenuiuscula, striatula, striolis spiralibus obsoletissime notata, nitida, pellucida, fuscescenti-rubra vel lutea; spira conoidea, acutiuscula ; anfr. 5 convexiusculis, ultimo subcarinato, antice rotundato; columella subrecedente, alba, callum .emittente albidum ; apertura obliqua, subtriangulato-semicirculari 3 pe- rist. undique breviter expanso.—Operc. tenue, solidum, car- neum. Diam. maj. 9, min. 73, alt. fere 6 mill. 18. Hexicrna suavis, Pfr. H. testa turbinata, tenui, nitidis- sima, superne striatula striisque spiralibus conferte notata, rubella, albido-marmorata, vel lutea aut carnea, pallide rubro variegata ; spira conoidea, acuta 3 anfr. fere 5 convexiusculis, ultimo compresse et acute carinato, basi convexiore ; columella brevi, basi subdentata, callum emittente crassiusculum diffusum ; apertura obliqua, subtriangulari ; perist. albo, margine supero breviter expanso, basali refleciusculo.—Opere.? Diam. maj. 102, min. 83, alt. 62 mill. Besides the described new species, there were in the same collection from the Admiralty Islands, Helix Nove Hibernia, Quoy, Sringilla, Pfr. (beautiful and large varieties), migratoria, Pfr., Sachalensis, Pfr., motacilla, Pfr., Cleryi, Recl., helicinoides, Jacq., pyzis, Hinds, Grimardi, Desh., hrevipila, Pfr., Pfeifferi, Phil., &e. 5. DESCRIPTIONS oF Tuirty-THREE New Species or Lanp- SHELLS, FROM THE CoLtection or H. Cuming, Esa. By Dr. L. Pretrrer. (Mollusca, Pl. XXXVI -) 1. Hexrx cuoriosa, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, depresse ovata, crassa, ponderosa, oblique conferte plicato-striata lirisque crebris obtusis subreguluribus cincta, Sulvida, strigis singulis pallidis et saturatioribus notata ; spira convera, obtusa, nuda, sub lente granulata, apice subtilissimo ; anfr. 33 rapide accrescentibus, ul- timo perinflato; apertura diagonali, lunato-ovali, intus rubella perist. crassissimo, breviter expanso, marginibus callo crasso junctis, columellari adnato. Diam. maj. 64, min. 50, alt. 39 mill. Hab. Madagascar. 2. Heurx pvucriuis, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, discoidea, tenui, No. CCCXXV.—Procerrpines oF THE ZooLogicat Soctety. 386 sub lente confertim striatula, albido-hyalina ; spira plana ; anfr. fere 5 subplanis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente, de- presso, peripheria rotundato, basi vie conveviore ; umbilico per- spectivo, + diametri superante; apertura obliqua, late lunari ; perist. simplice, recto, marginibus vix convergentibus, columellari brevi, verticali, cum basali subangulatim juncto. Diam. maj. 63, min. 53, alt. 2 mill. Hab. Drayton Range, North Australia (Mr. Stutchbury). 3. Hexix Srutcusurys, Pfr. H. testa sub obtecte perforata, turbinato-globosa, tenui, superne sub lente minute granulata, pal- lide fulva, ad suturam et supra medium rufo-fasciata ; spira convexo-conoidea, obtusula; anfr. 5 convexiusculis, ultimo rotun- dato, antice vix descendente, basi levigato ; apertura diagonali, rotundato-lunari ; perist. tenui, marginibus subconvergentibus, dextro vie expansiusculo, basali breviter reflexo, columellari for- nicatim dilatato, umbilicum angustissimum fere tegente. Diam. maj. 153, min. 133, alt. 10 mill. Hab. Drayton Range, North Australia (Mr. Stutchbury). 4, Hewrx peta, Pfr. H. testa sub obtecte perforata, trochiformi, tenuiuscula, striatula et foveolata, opaca, carneo-albida; spira regulariter conica, apice acuta ; anfr. 6 planis, ultimo non de- scendente, subacute carinato, basi convexiusculo ; apertura fere diagonali, angulato-lunari ; perist. simplice, margine dextro recto, basali refleriusculo, columellari supra perforationem dilatato, pa- tente. Diam. maj. 8, min. 74, alt. 63 mill. Hab. Drayton Range, North Australia (Mr. Stutchbury). 5. Hexrx piicutosa, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, turbinato-globu- losa, tenuiuscula, superne confertim plicosa, diaphana, parum ni- tida, rubello-cornea ; spira conoidea, vertice subtili; anfr. 4} conveviusculis, ultimo supra medium subangulato, antice rotundato, vir descendente, basi inflato, circa umbilicum angustum, pervium subcompresso ; apertura obliqua, lunato-rotundata ; perist. albido, marginibus subconniventibus, dextro expansiusculo, columellari sursum dilatato, cum basali angulum obtusum formante. Diam. maj. 16, min. 13, alt. 10 mill. Hab. Drayton Range, North Australia (Mr. Siutchbury). 6. Hexuix castrensis, Pfr. H. testa imperforata, conoideo-~ semiglobosa, solida, rugoso-plicatula et irregulariter subgranulata, pallide fulvida, strigis fuscis crebris regulariter radiata ; spira convexiusculo-conoidea, obtusula ; anfr. 4 vix convexiusculis, ultimo medio subacute carinato, antice breviter descendente, inflato, basi pallidiore ; apertura perobliqua, subtriangulari-lunari ; perist. albo, margine deatro arcuato, breviter reflezo, basali dilatato, ad- nato, introrsum dentibus 2 obtusis pliceformibus munito. Diam. maj. 25, min. 21, alt. 15 mill. Hab. West Indies. 387 7. Hexurx Linpsrepri, Pfr. H. testa sinistrorsa, perforata, conoideo-lenticulari, carinata, tenui, diaphana, superne undulato- striata et minutissime granulata, parum nitida, rubello-lutescente ; spira regulariter elevata, obtusa; sutura lineari ; anfr. 6 pla- niusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente, supra medium acute carinato, basi convexo, nitidissimo, non decussato, circa perforationem non apertam albido ; apertura fere diagonali, securiformi ; perist. simplice, recto, margine columellari in lami- nam brevem revolutam dilatato. Diam. maj. 352, min. 3], alt. 14 mill. Hab. Malacca (Rev. F. W. Lindstedt). 8. Hexrx Bourcurenari, Pfr. A. testa umbilicata, globoso- depressa, tenui, minutissime malleato-striata, parum nitente, dia- phana, carnea; spira breviter conoidea, vertice subtili, luteo ; anfr. 6 convexiusculis, regulariter accrescentibus, ultimo rotun- dato, antice viv descendente; umbilico angusto, vir pervio ; aper- tura obliqua, rotundato-lunari ; perist. intus albolabiato, margini- bus vie convergentibus, dextro recto, basali reflexiusculo, ad umbi- licum dilatato, patulo. Diam. maj. 19, min. 16, alt. 11 mill. Hab. Crimea. 9. Hexrx Apearps, Pfr. H. testa umbilicata, depressa, cari- nata, tenuiuscula, striata, alba, fascia Suscula supera ornata ; spira vie elevata, vertice obtusiusculo, corneo ; anfr.4 convexius- culis, ultimo non descendente, supra peripheriam subacute carinato, basi inflato ; umbilico perspectivo, +. diametri fere equante ; aper- tura fere diagonali, lunato-rotundata, ad carinam viv angulata ; perist. recto, intus levissime labiato, marginibus conniventibus, columellari subpatulo. Diam. maj. 6, min. 5d, alt. fere 3 mill. Hab. Adelaide, Australia. 10. Heurx cHionopiscus, Pfr. H. testa subobtecte umbilicata, conoideo-lentiformi, carinata, solida, rugoso-striatula, opaca, nivea ; spira convexiusculo-conoidea, nucleo leviusculo, obtuso ; anfr. 5 viv convexiusculis, ultimo antice breviter deflexo, infra Suturam linearem turgidulo, peripheria magis minusve acute cari- nato, basi convexo ; apertura diagonali, rhombeo-lunari 3 perist. subcalloso, marginibus subparallelis, dextro recto, basali per- arcuato, reflewo, versus umbilicum sensim dilatato, lamina lata adnata illum fere claudente. Diam. maj. 26, min. 23, alt. 13 mill. Hab. Crimea. 11. Hextx Grevinxer, Pfr. (Pl. XXXVI. fig. 8.) H. teste imperforata, conica, solida, striatula et plicis validis oblique an- trorsum descendentibus, interdum malleato-interruptis munita, castanea, strigis sparsis nigricantibus notata; spira conoidea, 383 apice rosea, acutiuscula ; anfr. 41 convewiusculis, rapide accres- centibus, penultimo subtus albo-calloso, ultimo antice descendente, peripheria obtuse sed distincte angulato; apertura perobliqua, truncato-oblonga, intus pallide cerulescente ; perist. nigro, ex- panso et refleco, marginibus parallelis, callo nigro junctis, colu- mellari dilatato, plano, adnato, dextrorsum subdentato, ad axin albido. Diam. maj. 49-58, min. 36-42, alt. 32-39 mill. Hab. Ceylon (Mr. Thwaites). 12. Ennea instents, Pfr. £. testa breviter rimata, ovato-oblonga, tenuissima, oblique confertim striata, striisque spiralibus versus basin evanescentibus decussatula, nitida, pellucida, cereo-hyalina ; spira ovoidea, apice obtusa ; sutura submarginata ; anfr. 7 con- vexiusculis, penultimo supra aperturam subplanato, ultimo % lon- gitudinis formante, antice arcuatim ascendente, juxta rimam sub- compresso ; columella recedente, dentato-plicata ; perist. tenui, albo, undique expanso, murgine columellari dilatato, patente. Long. 37, diam. 20 mill. Hab. Gaboon, Africa (Mr. Auboy). 13. Bucimus Patavanensis, Pfr. B. testa imperforata, ob- longa, solida, striatula, epidermide fusco-cinerea, castaneo varie strigata, sursum detrita munita ; spira convexiusculo-conica, apice obtusula; anfr. 5-514 modice convexis, ultimo spiram subequante vel breviore ; columella substricta, alhida ; apertura obliqua, trun- cato-ovali, intus griseo-cerulescente ; perist. calloso, nigricante, breviter reflexo. Long. 48-49, diam. 27 mill. Hab. Palawan (Dr. Trail/). 14. Buximvus trerosus, Pfr. B. testa imperforata, ovato-oblonga, solida, striatula, epidermide subhydrophana, libro-cinerea, fusco irregulariter strigata et ad suturam ocellata obducta ; spira con- vexiusculo-conica, obtusa; anfr. 53 planiusculis, ultimo spira vir breviore, epidermide decidua circa columellam pallidam, compres- sam, substrictam saturate castanea, nitida ; apertura obliqua, ovali-oblonga, intus cerulescente; perist. castaneo-nigro, subin- crassato, revoluto, margine dextro leviter arcuato. Long. 40, diam. 21 mill. Hab. Palawan (Dr. Traill). 15. Butimus Linpsrepti, Pfr. B. testa sinistrorsa, imperfo- rata, ovato-conica, solida, striatula, nitida, candida ; spira elon- ' gato-conica, apice obtusula; anfr. 6% convexiusculis, ultimo 4 longitudinis subequante, obsolete angulato, antice rotundato ; co- lumella subverticali, viv torta ; apertura fere diagonali, subsemi- circulari ; perist. leviter incrassato, expanso, marginibus callo concolore junctis. Long. 39, diam. 17 mill. Hab. Malacca (Rev. F. W. Lindstedt). 389 16. Butimus PAaRALLeEwus, Pfr. B. testa compresse umbilicata, Susiformi, tenuiuscula, striatula, Sulva, epidermide albida subreti- culata ; spira elongato-conica, obtusa ; anfr.7 modice convezis, ultimo spira paulo breviore, basi compresso ; columella superne leviter torto-plicata ; apertura verticali, oblonga, lateribus paral- lelis, basi effusa, utringue fusco-strigata ; perist. tenui, albo, ex- panso, margine dextro supra medium impresso, columellari latiore, sulco arcuato ab anfractu contiguo separato. Long. 22, diam. 7 mill. Hab. St. Catherine’s, Brazil. 17. Buxtimus CaTHARIN”, Pfr. B. testa breviter rimata, sub- perforata, fusiformi, solidula, undique leviter punctato-rugulosa, albida, punctis corneis substrigatim conspersa ; Spira ventroso-tur- rita, apice acutiuscula ; anfr. 8} convexiusculis, ultimo 3 longi- tudinis vir attingente, basi crista valida, compressa et pone illam minore munito, antice interne et externe interrupte nigro-strigato ; apertura obliqua, subseptemdentata ; plica | lamelleformi in pa- riete, secunda subquadrangulari ad columellam, tertia obliqua in latere sinistro baseos effuse, 3 subequalibus et 1 minuta in mar- gine dextro; perist. albo, undique modice expanso. Long. 23-25, diam. 73-8 mill. Hab. St. Catherine’s, Brazil. 18. Buximus SUGILLATUs, Pfr. B. testa anguste umbilicata, ob- longo-turrita, tenui, irregulariter plicato-striata, cornea, strigis subpunctatis opacis albis, singulisque rufis notata ; spira elon- gato-conica, acuta ; sutura levissime crenulata ; anfr. 9 convexis, ultimo 2 longitudinis subequante, basi subcompresso ; columella leviter et stricte recedente ; apertura parum obliqua, oblonga ; perist. simplice, margine dextro recto, columellari sursum dilatato, Sornicatim reflexo. Long. 24, diam. 92 mill. Hab. Bolivia. 19. Buximus Gay, Pfr. B. testa subobtecte umbilicata, conico- ovata, solidula, fusca, fasciis angustis albis varie ornata ; spira conica, obtusa; anfr. 5 modice convevis, ultimo spiram paulo Superante, basi rotundato; columella leviter arcuata ; apertura parum obliqua, truncato-ovali, intus albida } perist. simplice, mar- gine dextro recto, columellari perdilatato, umbilicum angustum Sere tegente. Long. 27, diam. 16 mill. Hab. Bolivia. 20. Butimus Sasatiert, Pfr. B. testa subperforata, ovato-ob- longa, tenuiuscula, sublevigata, irregulariter striatula, strigis un- dulatis pallide lutescentibus et saturate brunneis alternantibus picta; spira conica, sursum pallidiore, apice obtuso ; anfr. 6 parum convevis, ultimo spira paulo breviore, infra medium obso- lete angulato ; columella stricta, violaceo-fusca ; apertura parum * 390 obliqua, anguste elliptica ; perist. simplice, recto, margine colu- mellari sursum dilatato, reflexo, subadnato. Long. 22, diam. 12 mill; ap. 11 mill. longa, 53 lata. Hab. Banks of the “ Fleuve blanc,” China? (Mr. Sabatier). 21. Bunimus Duratueyt, Pfr. B. testa subperforata, oblongo- turrita, tenui, confertim plicatula, nitida, albida, fasciis 6-7 in- terruptis spadiceis ornata; spira elongata, apice acuta ; anfr. 7 convexiusculis, ultimo 2 longitudinis subequante, basi attenuato ; columella vix arcuata, subrecedente ; apertura vix obliqua, ellip- tico-oblonga ; perist. simplice, recto, margine columellari papy- raceo, superne reflexo, subadnato. Long. 31, diam. 12 mill. ; ap. 133 mill. longa, 6} lata. Hab. Brazils (Mr. Dutailly). 22. Butimus puicuuatus, Pfr. B. testa umbilicata, ovato- conica, tenuiuscula, plicis levibus, subvariciformibus sculpta, haud nitente, pallide grisea, strigis angustissimis albis et fuscis irregu- lariter picta; spira conica, acuta ; anfr. 7 converiusculis, ultimo spira paulo breviore, basi circa umbilicum mediocrem, rotundum subcompresso ; columella substricta ; apertura viz obliqua, ellip- tico-oblonga ; perist. simplice, recto, margine columellari a basi dilatato, subfornicatim reflexo. : Long. 23, diam. 113 mill. Hab. Bolivia. 23. Buximus Crovkt, Pfr. B. testa perforata, ovato-turrita, so- lidula, striata et interdum submaileata, alba, strigis, maculis et punctis corneo-fascis irregulariter notata ; spira elongato-conica, acutiuscula; anfr. 7 modice convexis, ultimo 4 longitudinis vir equante, subangulato, circa perforationem non perviam corneo- areoloto ; columella breviter recedente ; apertura obliqua, sinuato- ovali, intus fuscula ; perist. breviter expanso, margine columellari superne dilatato, refleco, tum angulo obtuso ad basin descendente. Long. 22, diam. 10 mill. Hab. Brazil (Mr. Cloué). 24, Butimus puncricutatus, Pfr. B. testa profunde et com- presse umbilicata, ovato-conica, tenuiuscula, sublevigata, nitida, albida, punctis pellucidis raris conspersa ; spira elongato-conica, acutiuscula ; anfr. 7 planiusculis, summis lutescentibus, ultimo spira breviore, antice ascendente, basi levissime compresso ; colu- mella subrecedente, leviter arcuata; apertura subverticali, ob- longo-ovali ; perist. simplice, margine dextro breviter expanso, columellari perdilatato, subflexuoso, patente. Long. 29, diam. 125 mill. Hab. Bolivia. 25. PARTULA ALABASTRINA, Pfr. P. testa compresse umbilicata, oblongo-conica, tenui, levissime striatula, vie nitidula, lutescenti- alabastrina ; spira conica, obtusula ; anfr. 5% convezis, ultimo 391 spiram viv superante, basi attenuato, subcompresso ; apertura parum obliqua, oblique truncato-oblonga ; columella substricte re- cedente ; perist. albo, marginibus callo tenuissimo junctis, dextro late expanso, columellari latissimo, patente. Long. 23, diam. 11 mill. Hab. Salomon’s Islands. 26. Cyctostroma (Cyciotus) Linpstept1, Pfr. C. testa um- bilicata, depressa, subdiscoidea, distincte striata, strigis fulguran- tibus nigro-fuscis et luteis, superne latis, subtus linearibus picta ; spira viz elevata ; anfr. 4 convevis, celeriter accrescentibus, ultimo terete, vix descendente ; umbilico lato, 4 diametri superante ; aper- tura obliqua, subcirculari ; perist. breviter adnato, duplicato ; in- terno expansiusculo, externo albo, undique subequaliter patente.— Operc. Cycloti. Diam. maj. 11, min. 9, alt.4 mill. Hab. Mount Ophir, Malacca (Rev. F. W. Lindstedt). 27. CarauLus HamastTomus, Pfr. C. testa breviter et profunde rimata, ovali-pyramidali, tenuiuscula, conferte striatula, parum nitente, diaphana, citrina ; spira convewiusculo-turrita, apice sub- acuta ; sutura submarginata ; anfr. 8 convexis, ultimo vir atte- nuato, basi avin excedente ; carina umbilicali valida, compressa, antrorsum vix dilatata ; periomphalo lato, costulato-striato ; aper- tura subcirculari; perist. fusco-sanguineo, simplice, ad anfrac- tum contiguum angustato, lateribus rectangule late patente et re- voluto, basi subproducto, canali mediocri perforato. Long. 27-28, diam. 11-12 mill. Hab. Ceylon (Mr. Thwaites). 28. Henicina (ALCADIA) RHAMPHOSTYLA, Pfr. H. testa co- noideo-globosa, solida, sublevigata, albida vel lutescente; spira breviter conoidea, obtusula ; anfr. 41, superis vix conveziusculis, ultimo magno, rotundato ; columella lata, superne in cailum cras- sum, semicircularem dilatata, basi dextrorsum curvata; apertura obliqua, subsemicirculari ; perist. expanso, tenui, intus calloso, margine dextro subrepando, basali sinu profundo ab extremitate rostriformi columelle disjuncto, preterea plica pone columellam intrante munito.— Operc. ? Diam. maj. 154, min. 13, alt. 12 mill. Hab. ? 29. Hericina Norroxixensis, Pfr. H. testa depresso-turbinata, solidula, leviter striata, albida ; spira conoidea, versus apicem minute papillarem lutescente; anfr. 5 vie convexiusculis, ultimo antice rugoso, peripheria subangulato, basi planiuseulo, callo gra- nuloso ‘nitido circumscripto et epidermide fulva decidua obducto ; columella brevi, arcuata; apertura fere diagonali, subtriangulari- lunari ; perist. simplice, recto, margine basali subincrassato.— Opere. testaceum, pallidum. Diam. maj. 14, min. 12, alt. 8 mill. Hab. Norfolk Islands. 392 30. Heticrna picrecua, Pfr. H. testa conoideo-depressa, tenui, sub lente tenuiter et subconferte lirata, parum nitida, diaphana, pallide cornea, ad suturam rubro-maculata ; spira breviter conoi- dea; anfr. 4 conveaiusculis, ultimo subangulato, basi callo tenut subcircumscripto obducto; columella brevissima, simplice, tenut ; apertura parum obliqua, semiovali ; perist. simplice, recto, mar- gine basali angulum rectum cum columella formante.—Operc. ? Diam. maj. 4, min. 33, alt. 2 mill. Hab. Norfolk Islands. 31. Hericina Draytonensis, Pfr. H. testa conoidea, solidula, ruguloso-striata striisque spiralibus nonnullis notata, parum nitida, carnea ; spira conoidea, apice mucronulata, lutea; anfr. 4% pla- niusculis, ultimo subcarinato, basi convexiore, callo tenui, subdif- Fuso obducto; apertura diagonali, triangulari-semiovali ; perist. albo, breviter expanso, margine basali leviter arcuato, angulatim cum columella brevi, simplice juncto.—Operc. ? Diam. maj. 54, min. 44, alt. 31 mill. Hab. Drayton Range, North Australia. 32. Hextcina Heares, Pfr. H. testa subdepressa, tenuiuscula, striatula et subgranulata, parum nitida, fasciis latis saturate pur- pureis et albis picta; spira brevissime conoidea, mucronulata ; anfr. 5 vix convexiusculis, ultimo lato, peripheria subcarinato, basi circa callum fulvo-aurantiacum, circumscriptum albo ; aper- tura perobliqua, triangulari-semiovali ; columella brevi, perar- cuaia; perist. reflero, lete aurantiaco, margine basali levissime arcuato, immediate in callum basalem continuato.—Operc. ? Diam. maj. 14, min. 114, alt. 74 mill. B. Lutea, spira et fascia unica anfr. ultimi supera purpureis, callo basali et peristomate igneis. Hab. Island of Granada, West Indies (named after R. W. Heate, Esq., Lieut.-Governor of the Island). 33. Hexicina rura, Pfr. H. testa subconoideo-depressa, soli- dula, subrugoso-striata et punctulata, nitida, rufa; spira subco- noideo-convexa, vertice subtili ; anfr. 4, superis planiusculis, ultimo lato, depresso, peripheria subrotundato ; apertura diago- nali, late semiovali ; columella verticaliter ab anfr. penultimo de- scendente, leviter curvata, antice in tuberculum desinente, callum basalem emittente subgranulatum, circumscriptum ; perist. bre- viter expanso, albe-limbato.— Operc. concolor. Diam. maj. 13, min. 11, alt. 63 mill. 3. Pallide straminea, perist. intus pallide aurantiaco. y. Minor, rufa. Diam. maj. 10, min. 83, alt. 53 mill. Hab. Haiti (Mr. Sallé). uoshpor EN LOLS SX OCVaVe dri IPUUPe NT YW epee mM o +1 DOSDDOD Pe’ - ad 7 Ww 5 “UL JIOA BP ¢ CUT eR “NL 7 LT STOMP . TIN OCT ONO yoy Pl] BUTTE BY) ¢ TF 'D0 393 6. Descriptions or Two New Spercixs or MELAmpus, FROM Mr. Cumine’s Contection. By Dr. L. Preirrer. 1. Metampus ositoneus, Pfr. M. testa subrimata, oblonga, solida, levigata, fulvido-carnea, albido obsolete fasciata et stri- gata, strigisque variciformibus irregularibus fusculis notata ; spira convero-conoidea, apice mucronulata, plerumque fusca; sutura lineari, lacera ; anfr. 8-9 vir convexiusculis, ultimo 2 longitu- dinis formante, prope suturam subangustato, basi saccato ; aper- lura verticali, angusta, callo profundo nodiformi parietali et plica columellari obliqua, compressa coarctata ; perist. Susco-limbato, margine dextro acuto, intus callo albo, subplicifero munito, colu- mellari incrassato, adnato. Long. 114, diam. 6 mill. B. Paulo minor, gracilior, castaneus, albo-trifasciatus. Hab. Island of Bermuda. Habitu similis M. cingulato, sed evidenter affinior M. angiostomo, Desh., a quo differt’statura, numero anfractuum et callo marginis dextri non denticulato. 2. MeLampus (OpHIcARDELUS) Stutcusuryt, Pfr. MW. testa subumbilicata, Susiformi-ovata, solidula, striatula, superne liris obtuse elevatis circumdata, opaca, nigro-fusca, albo trifasciata ; spira convexo-conica, apice acuta, interdum suberosa 3 sutura linear, deorsum sublacera ; anfr. 7 planis, ultimo Sere % longitu- dinis formante, infra medium obsolete spiraliter striato, basi parum attenuato ; apertura subverticali, semiovali ; plica parie- tali | compressa, alba, intrante, extus in carinam subacutam, peri- omphalum infundibuliformem cingentem producta ; plica columel- lari compressa, oblique vix ascendente ; perist. acuto, margine dextro inermi, superne repando, columellari fornicatim reflero, li- bero, umbilicum simulante. Long. 16, diam. 8 mill. Port Curtis, Australia (Mr. Stutchbury). 7. CATALOGUE or A CoLLecTION or MamMaia FROM NEPAL, Sixim, anp TIBET, PRESENTED TO THE Hon. East Inpra Company sy B. H. Honeson, Esa., 1n 1853*. By Taomas Horsrietp, M.D., F.R.S., evc. (Mammalia, Pl. XLVIIL.-L.) 1. SEmMNopiITHECUS SCHISTACEUs, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. ix. p. 1212; Horsf. Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p- 6. Presbytes Entellus, Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 1. Langur, Hodgson. Hab. Nepal; Hills. * Those marked with an asterisk were discovered since the publication of the wie of Mammalia presented to the British Museum by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. in 1846. 394 2. Macacus Ruesuvs, Desm., Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 2. Macacus (Pithex) oinops, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. ix. p. 1211 Hab. Nepal; Hills. *3. MEGADERMA scHisTaces, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. xvi. p- 889, with a figure (1847) ; Horsfield, Ann. Nat. Hist. n. s. xvi. p- 101 (1855). Megaderma Lyra, Geoffr. apud Kelaart, Prodr. Faunz Zeylanice, Mammalia, p. 11. Hab. Sikim Tarai. *4, RHINOLOPHUS PERNIGER, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. xii. p- 414 (1843), xvi. p. 896; Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xiii. p. 484 ; Horsfield, Ann. Nat. Hist. n.s. xvi. p. 102 (1855). Hab. Central regions of the Sub-Himalaya. 5. RutnoLopuus TRAGATUS, Hodgs. J. A. S. Beng. iv. p. 699; Gray, Catal. Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 22; Catal. Hodgson’s Coll. p. 2; Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xiii. p. 484; Horsfield, Ann. Nat. Hist. n. 8. Xvi. p. 102 (1855). Hab. Central hilly regions, Nepal. 6. HippostpEROsS ARMIGER, Hodgs. J. A. 8. Beng. iv. p. 699; Gray, Catal. Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 24; Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 3; Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xiii. p. 488. Hab. Nepal; Central hilly regions. *7, VESPERTILIO SILIGORENSIS, Hodgson, Horsfield, Ann. Nat. Hist. n. s. xvi. p. 102 (1855). Hab. Nepal; Central Hills. *8. VesperTILio Darsecincensis, Hodgson, Horsfield, Ann. Nat. Hist. n.s. xvi. p. 102 (1855). Hab. Nepal; Central Hills. * Differs only from the English VY. mystacinus in having the tips of the fur of the back brighter.’”-—R. H. Tomes, Ann. N. H. 1856, p. 27. *9. ScoropHitus CoroMANDELICUs, F. Cuvier, sp. Vespertilio coromandelicus, Lesch. & Cuv. Nouv. Ann. de la Mus. ; Schinz, Syst. Mamm. p. 171; Horsfield, Ann. Nat. Hist. n. s. xvi. p- 103 (1855). Hab. Nepal. *10. Murina su1Lius, Temm. sp. Vespertilio suillus, Temm. Monogr. ii. p. 224. t. 56. f. 4, 5, 6. Murina suillus, Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1842, p. 259. Hab. Nepal. 395 *11. Barspastettus Dausentroni, Mém. Acad. Par. 1759, ii. p- 8; Bell, Brit. Quad. Barbastellus communis, Gray, Mag. Zool. & Bot. ii. p. 13. Hab. Nepal. *12. Ptecotus Homocnrovws, Hodgson, J. A. 8. Beng. xvi. p- 894; Horsfield, Ann. Nat. Hist. n. s. xvi. p. 103 (1855). Hab. Central regions of the Sub-Himalaya. *13. Puecorus Darsevincensis, Hodgson, Horsfield, Ann. Nat. Hist. n. s. xvi. p. 103 (1855). Hab. Nepal; Central Hills. *14. Lasturus Prarsont, Horsfield, Catal. Mamm. East India Comp. Museum, p. 36 (1851); Ann. Nat. Hist. n.s. xvi. p. 103 (1855) ; Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xx. p. 524. Hab. Darjeling. *15. Nycricesus nivicotus, Hodgson; Horsfield, Ann. Nat. Hist. n.s. xvi. p. 104 (1855). Hab. Nepal. 16. Fenris Tigris, Linn. ; Horsfield, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p- 43. Hab. Tarai of Nepal. 17. Fexis Uncra, Erxleb. Syst. Mamm. p. 508. Leopardus Uncia, Gray, Catal. Mamm. Br. Mus. p. 41. Uncia Irbis, Ehrenb. sp.; Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist. xiv. p. 394 1854). ( he Uncioides, Hodgson, MSS. List of Mamm. presented to E. I. C. Museum (1852) ; Horsfield, Ann. Nat. Hist. n. s. xvi. p. 105 (1855). P ker of Tibetans, Hodgson. Hab, Tibet. 18. FeLis MACROSCELOIDES, Hodgson, Cale. Journ. N. H. iv. p- 286; Ill. P. Z. 8. 1853, Mamm. t. 38; Horsfield, Ann. Nat. Hist. n.s. xvi. p. 105 (1855). Felis macroscelis, Hodgson, J. A. 8. Beng. xi. p. 275. Felis, n. sp., Tickell, J. A. 8. Beng. xii., with a figure. Lamchitia of Tibetans, Hodgson. Hab. Bengal ; Tibet. 19. Ferris Murmensis, Hodgson, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 10. Varietas nigra, Horsfield, Ann. Nat. Hist. n. s. xvi. p. 105 (1855). Murmi Cat, Hodgson. Hab. Hilly regions. 396 *20. Fexis Caarutont, Gray, Brit. Mus. Uncia Charitoni, Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist. xiv. p. 394 (1854). Felis Duvancelli, Hodgson, MSS. 1852. Hab. Hilly regions. 21. Feris parpocHrRovs, Hodgson. Felis pardochrous, Hodgs. Calcutta Journ. N. H. iv. p. 286. Felis (Leopardus) pardochrous, Horsfield, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 47. Hab. Hilly regions. 22. Fexis (Lynx) Cuavs, Giildenst. ; Horsfield, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 50. Chaus lybicus, Gray, Catal. Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 45 ; Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 7. Bowbhow, Nepalese, Hodgson. Hab. Hills and Tarai of Nepal. 23. Prionopon PARDICOLOR, Hodgs. Calcutta Journ. N. H. ii. p. 57; J. A. S. Beng. x. p. 909; Horsfield, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 52. Linsang pardicolor, Gray. Hab. Hills of Nepal. 24. Viverra ZisetTua, Linn.; Gray & Hardw. Ill. Ind. Zool. 11. t.5; Catal. Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 52; Hodgs. Catal. p. 7; Horsfield, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 54. Hab. Nepal; Hills and Tarai. 25. Viverricuta Inpica, Geoffr. sp. ; Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. x. p. 909; Horsfield, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 58. Viverricula Malaccensis, Gray, Catal. Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 48 ; Hodgs. Catal. p. 8. Sayer, Hodgson. Hab. Nepal; Tarai. *26, Parapoxurus strictus, Hodgson (Pl. XLVII.); Hors- field, Ann. Nat. Hist. n.s. p. 105 (1855). Hab. Nepal; Plains. *27, PARADOXURUS QUADRISCRIPTUS, Hodgson (Pl. XLVIII.) ; Horsfield, Ann. Nat. Hist. n.s. xvi. p. 106 (1855). Hab. Nepal; Hills. 28. Parapoxurus Gray, Bennett, P. Z. S. 1835, p. 118. Paguma Grayi, Gray, Catal. Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 54 ; Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 9; Horsf. Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 66. Paradoxurus nipalensis, Hodgson, As. Res. xix. p. 76. Hab. Nepal; Hills. 397 29. Hymna striata, Zimm. Hyena virgata, Hodgson, MSS. 1852. Hyena striata, Horsfield, Ann. Nat. Hist. n. s. xvi. p. 107. Lakerbagha, Nepal, Hodgson. Hab. Tarai of Nepal. 30. Cuon primzvus, Hodgson, Calcutta Journ. Nat. Hist. ii. pp- 205, 412; Gray, Catal. Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 73; Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 10 ; Horsfield, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 73. Hab. Hills and Plains. 31. Canis aureus, Linn. (Catal. Hodgson’s Coll. p. 11; Hors- field, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 80). Sacalius indicus, Hodgs, J. A. 8. Beng. x. p. 918. Siyar of the Nepalese, Hodgson. Hab. Nepal; Plains. 32. Vutrpes Beneatensis, Shaw, sp.; Gray, Catal. Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 61; Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 11; Horsfield, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 84. Vulpes indicus, Hodgson, J. A. 8. Beng. x. p. 918. Lomer of the Nepalese, Hodgson. Hab. Nepal; Tarai. 33. VULPES MONTANUS, Pearson, Beng. Sport. Mag. iv. p. 126 (1836) ; Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p.12; Horsfield, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 87. Wamu of the Nepalese, Hodgson. Hab. Tibet. 34. VULPES FERRILATUS, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. xi. p. 278, fig. (1842); Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 12. Iger of Tibetans, Hodgson. Hab. Tibet. *35. Lupus LanicEeR, Hodgson ; Horsfield, Ann. Nat. Hist. n. s. xvi. p. 107 (1855). Changu of Tibetans, Hodgson. Hab. Tibet. 36. Herrrstes Nyuxa, Hodgs. J. A.S. Beng. v. p. 236 ; Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 8; Horsfield, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p- 92. Hab. Plains of Nepal. 37. Urva cancrivora, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. vi. p. 561; Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 8; Horsfield, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 93. Hab. Tibet. 395 38. Marres FLavicuta, Boddaert, sp.; Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 12; Horsfield, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 98. Hab. Nepal; Hills. 39. MusreLa cantcuLa, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. xi. p. 279 (1842); Calcutta Journ. N. H. iv. p. 287 ; Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. b ES. Hab. Nepal; Hills. *40. Musreta stricrporsa, Hodgson (Pl. XLIX.) ; Gray, P. Z. 8. 1853, p. 191 ; Horsfield, Ann. N. H. n. s. xvi. p. 107 (1855). Hab. Sikim. 41. Musreva (Putorrus) Karuran, Hodgs. J. A. S. Beng. iv. p- 702 ; Horsfield, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 102. Mustela Kathiah, v. auriventer, Hodgs. J. A. 8S. Beng. x. p. 909 ; Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 13. Kathia Nyul, Nepalese, Hodgson. Hab. Kachars. *42. Purorius TrpeTanus, Hodgson, J. A. 8. Beng. xviii. pt. 1. p- 446 (1849); Horsfield, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 105. Tibetan Stoat, Hodgson. Hab. Tibet. 43. Hexictis Nrpatensis, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. v. p. 237; Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 14; Horsfield, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 108; Gray, P. Z. 8S. 1853, p. 191. Oker of the Nepalese, Hodgson. Hab. Nepal; Tibet. *44, Arnctonyx Isonyx, Hodgson, MSS. (PI. L.) 2? Arctonyz collaris, F. Cuv. Hab. Nepal; Tarai. This species was discovered by Mr. Hodgson seven years back in the Tarai of Nepal, and is considered by him to be distinct from the A. collaris, but, upon comparison with specimens of A. collaris at the British Museum and the India House, its value as a distinct species requires more specimens for comparison. *45, MeLES LEucuRus, Hodgson, sp.; Gray, Ann. N. H. xii. n.s. p. 221; P. Z. S. 1853, p. 191; Horsfield, Ann. Nat. Hist. n.s. xvi. p. 108 (1855). Taxidea leucurus, Hodgs. J. A. S. Beng. xvi. p. 763 (1847), with a figure. Pseudomeles leucurus, Hodgson, MSS. 1852. Tumpha of Tibetans, Hodgson. Hab. Plains of Tibet. 399 46. Lurra Cainensis ?, Gray, Ann. N. H. 1836 ; Catal. Mamm. Br. Mus. p. 71 ; Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 14; Horsfield, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 116; Ann. N. H. n. s. xvi. p. 109 (1855). Iutra Tarayensis, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. viii. p. 319 (1839) ; Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xi. p. 99. Udh of Nepalese, Hodgson. Hab. Nepal; Hills and Tarai. *47, Aonyx Siximensis, Hodgson ; Horsfield, Ann. N. H. n. s. xvi. p. 109 (1855). Hab. Nepal; Hills and Tarai. Aonyx sikimensis :—Snout to vent 24 inches ; tail 13; head 41 ; palma 25; planta 33. Colour: a medial earthy brown, paler below, especially on head and neck.— Hodgson, MSS. 48. Hexarcros Trseranus, Cuvier ; Gray, Catal. Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 73; Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 15; Horsfield, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 124. Bhalu of the Nepalese, Hodgson. Hab. Nepal; hilly regions. 49. AILURUS FULGENS, F. Cuvier ; Hardwicke, Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 161; Gray, Catal. Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 75; Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 15; Horsfield, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 126. Ailurus ochraceus, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. xvi. p. 1118. Hab. Nepal. 50. Taupa micruRA, Hodgson, J. A.S. Beng. x. p. 910; Gray, Catal. Mamm. Br. Mus. p. 75 ; Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 16; Hors- field, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 129. ? Talpa eryptura, Blyth. Purium of the Nepalese, Hodgson. Hab. Nepal; Hills. *51. Sorex murinvs, Linn. ; Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 16; Horsfield, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 134; Ann. N. H. nvs. xvi. p-110; Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. 1855, p. 28; Tomes, Ann. N. H. n. 8. xvii. p. 15.(1856). Chuchunder, Hodgson. Hab. Nepal; Plains. *52. Sorex saTuratTior, Hodgson; Horsfield, Ann. N. H.n.s. xvi. p. 110 (1855) ; Tomes, Ann. N. H. n.s. xvii. p. 22. Hab. Nepal; Hills. *53. Sorex Leucors, Hodgson; Horsfield, Ann. N. H. n. s. xvi. p. 111 (1855) ; Tomes, Ann. N. H. n. s. xvii. p. 22. White-lipped Shrew, Hodgson. Hab. Nepal; Hills. 400 54. Sorex pyemzus, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. x. p. 910; Ann. N. H. xv. p. 269; Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 16; Horsfield, Ann. N. H. ns. xvi. p. 111; Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. 1855, p. 32 ; Tomes, Ann. N. H. n.s. xvii. p. 20. Hab. Nepal; Central Hills. 55. SorEX NEMORtIvAGUS, Hodgson, Cale. Journ. N. H. iv. p- 288; Ann. N. H. xv. p. 269; Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 16 ; Horsfield, Ann. N. H. n. s. xvi. p. 111; Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. 1855, p. 31; Tomes, Ann. N. H. n.s. xvii. p. 18° Hab. Nepal; Central Hills. *56. Sorex soccatus, Hodgson, Ann. N. H. xv. p. 270; ? Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. 1855, p. 30; Tomes, Ann. N. H. n.s. MV Pee Hab. Nepal; Central Hills. *57, SORICULUS NIGRESCENS, Gray, sp. Corsira nigrescens, Gray, Ann. N. H. x. p. 261 (1842). Soriculus nigrescens, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. 1855, p. 36. Sorex Sikimensis, Hodgson, Ann. N. H. iii. n. s. p. 203; Hors- field, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 136; Ann. N. H. n.s. xvi. re R Sorex soccatus, Hodgs. Cale. Journ. N. H. iv. p. 288 (not de- scribed). ; Sorex aterrimus, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. 1843, p. 128? Chika of the Nepalese, Hodgson. Hab. Nepal. *58. Corsrra (?) caupata, Hodgson, sp. Sorex caudatus, Hodgson, Ann. N. H. n. s. iii. p. 203 ; Horsfield, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 135; Ann. N. H. n.s. xvi. p. 111. Corsira (?) caudata, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. 1855, p. 37; Tomes, Ann. N. H. n. s. xvii. p. 27. Hab. Sikim and Darjeeling. «« After a very careful comparison of two specimens of C. caudata, in the Museum at the India House, with a specimen of the C. alpina of Europe, I concluded that they were very closely affined, if not perfectly identical. The naked compressed tip of the tail in the last-mentioned species, as remarked by Mr. Blyth, also occurs in one of the examples of C. caudata ; indeed, were this specimen to be placed along with the European species, it would be almost impos- sible to distinguish them.”’—R. F'. Tomes. 59. Mus Nipatensis, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. x. p. 915; Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 19. Hab. Nepal; Hills. *60. Mus Tarayensis, Hodgson; Horsfield, Ann. N. H. n.s. xvi. p. 112 (1855). Hab. Nepal ; Tarai; Plains. 401 *61. Mus Moruncensis, Hodgson; Horsfield, Ann. N. H. n. 8. Xvi. p. 112 (1855). Hab. Nepal, Tarai, Plains. *62. Mus pturimammis, Hodgson; Horsfield, Ann. N. H. n. s. xvi. p. 112 (1855). Hab. Nepal, Tarai, Plains. Remark.—This species, according to Mr. Hodgson, has eighteen teats. *63. Mus zjauicaupALis, Hodgson, Ann. N. H. n. s. iii. p- 203 ; Horsfield, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p, 144. Hab. Nepal; Hills. *64. Mus caupatior, Hodgson, Ann. N. H. n. s. iii. p- 203 ; Horsfield, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 144. Hab. Nepal ;. Hills. *65. Neopon S1xrmensts, Hodgson, Ann. N. H. n. s. iii. p. 203; Horsfield, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 146. Phailchua of the Nepalese, Hodgson. Hab. Sikim, 7000 to 15,000 feet. *‘Snout to vent 4% inches; head 11; tail 12; palma ,%,ths; planta $ths. Weight 11 oz. Teats six in number. Intestines 30 inches ; small 16 inches; great 14 inches. Czcum 6 inches, sacced and banded. Stomach bagpipe-shaped, with slight medial constric- tion and proximate orifices. “Breeds in hollow decayed fallen trees, or roots of trees. Nest saucer-shape, madeof soft grass. Young three or four.’”’—Hodgson, MSS. 66. Arvicota ? Myorurrx, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. x. p. 915. Mus ? Myothriz, Hodgson, Ann. N. H. 1845, p. 267 ; Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 15. Hab. Nepal; Central Hills. *67. ? Hysrrix Leucurus, Sykes, P. Z.S. 1831, p. 103 ; Gray, Catal. Hodgson’s Coll. p. 20. Hystriz Alophus, Hodgson, MSS. 1852. Sahi of the Nepalese, Hodgson. Hab. Nepal; Hills and Plains. 68. Lepus patiiees, Hodgson, J. A.'S. Beng. xi. p. 288. Lepus Taloi (Pallas), Gray, Catal. Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 127; Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 20. Rek, Rigong of the Tibetans, Hodgson. Hab. Tibet. No. CCCXXVI.—Proceepinés or THE ZooLocicaL Society 402 69. Lepus macrotus, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. ix. p. 1183 ; Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 20; Horsfield, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E.1.C. p. 147. Lepus ruficaudatus, Is. Geoffroy. Hab. Nepal; Plains. *70. CAPROLAGUS HISPIDUS, Pearson. Lepus hispidus, Pearson, Beng. Sport. Mag. 1843, p. 131. Caprolagus hispidus, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xiv. p. 248; Hors- field, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 148. Hab. Nepal; Tarai. 71. Lacomys nirpavensis, Hodgson, J. A. 8. Beng. x. p. 854; Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 21; Horsfield, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 148. The Abra, Hodgson. Hab. Tibet; Nepal. 72. Scrturus MAcRuROipEs, Hodgson, Calcutta Journ. N. H. 1841, p. 220; Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 22. Salheu of the Nepalese, Hodgson. Hab, Nepal; Hills. 73. Scrurus Loxrian, Hodgs. J. A. S. Beng. x. p. 915 ; Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 23 ; Horsf. Catal. Mamm. Mus. E.I.C. p. 153. Hab. Nepal; Hills. 74. Scrurus Loxrorpes, Hodgs. J. A. S. Beng.v. p. 232; Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 23 ; Horsf. Catal. Mamm. Mus. E.I.C. p. 153. Hat. Nepal; Hills. *75. Scrurus M‘Cievuannyt, Horsfield, P. Z. S. 1839; Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 151; Ann, Nat. Hist. n. s. xvi. p. 113. Sciurus Horsfieldi, Hodgson, MSS. 1852. Striped Squirrel, Hodgson. Hai. Sikim ; Assam (M‘Clelland). 76. PrERomyYs NOBILIS, Gray. Sciuropterus nobilis, Gray, Ann. N. H. 1842, p. 263. Pteromys nobilis, Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 22; Horsf. Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 160. Sciuropterus chrysothriz, Hodgs. J. A. S. Beng. xiii. p. 67. Puraj-blakut of the Nepalese, Hodgson, Hab. Nepal; Hills. 77. Preromys CANICEPS, Gray. Sciuropterus caniceps, Gray, Ann. N. H. 1842, p. 262. Pteromys caniceps, Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 21; Horsf. Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 160. Sciuropterus senex, Hodgs. J. A. S,. Beng. xiii. p. 68. Suraj-blakut, Hodgson. Hab, Nepal; Hills. 403 78. Preromys MAGniFicus, Hodgson, J. A. 8. Beng. v. p. 231 ; Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p.22; Horsf. Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p- 161. Suraj-blakut, Hodgson. Hab. Nepal; Hills. 79. ScruROPTERUS ALBONIGER, Hodgson, J. A.S. B. v. p. 231 ; Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 22; Horsf. Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p- 163. Hab. Nepal; Hills. 80. Arcromys TIBETANUS, Hodgson, J. A.S. Beng. xii. p. 409 ; Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 24; Horsfield, Ann. N. H. n. s. xvi. p- 113. Jabra, or Kadia-peu, of the Tibetans, Hodgson. Hab. Tibet. 81. Ruizomys Baprus, Hodgs. Calcutta Journ, N. H. ii. p. 60; Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 24; Horsf. Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C, p- 165. Hab. Nepal and Sikim. 82. PanruHators Hopesont, Abel, sp. Antilope Hodgsoni, Abel, Edin. Journ. Sci. 1827, p. 165. Panthalops Hodgsoni, Hodgson, J. A. 8. Beng. xi. p. 282; Gray, Catal. Mamm. Br. Mus. (1852) p. 53. Kemas Hodgsoni, Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 26; Horsf. Catal, Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 166. . Cheru or Chwe, Tibetans, Hodgson. Hab. Tibet. *83. Procapra picticaupA, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. xv. p. 334; Horsfield, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 169 ; Gray, Catal. Mamm, Br. Mus. 1852, p. 55. Hab, Tibet. 84. CAPRICORNIS BUBALINA, Hodgson, sp. Antilope bubalina, Hodgs. P. Z. 8. 1832, p. 12. Capricornis Thar, Ogilby, P. Z. 8. 1836, p. 139. Capricornis bubalina, Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 27; Horsf, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 168. Hab. Nepal; Hills, 85. Namoruepvus Gorat, Hardwicke, sp, Antilope Goral, Hardw. Linn. Trans. xiv. p. 518. t, 14. Nemorhedus Goral, Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 27; Catal. Mamm. Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 112; Horsf. Catal. Mamm, Mus, E£.1I,C, p- 168. : Hab. Nepal; Hills, 404 86. Hemirracus Jemuatcus, H. Smith, sp. Capra Jemlaica, H. Smith, Griff. An. Kingd. iv. t. 194; Horsf. Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 170. Hemitragus Jemlaicus, Hodgson; Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 28; Catal. Mamm. Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 144. Hemitragus quadrimammis, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. v. p. 254. Hab. Nepal; Hills. 87. Ovis Artes, Linn. Var. Ovis Hoonia, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. i. p. 348; Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 30; Catal. Mamm. Br. Mus. 1852, p. 166. Hab. Tibet. *Var. Ovis Changluk, Hodgson, MSS. 1852. Changluk Sheep, Hodgson. Hab. Tibet. Var. Ovis Barwal, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. x. p. 913; Gray, Catal. Mamm. Br. Mus. 1852, p. 165. Ovis Ammonoides, var. I., Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 29. Hab. Nepal; Hills. 88. Ovis AMMonoipEs, Hodgson, sp. Ovis Ammonoides, Hodgs. J. A. S. Beng. x. p. 236; Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 29. ? Aigaceros Argali, Pallas, Zool. Ross. As. i. p. 231. t. 20, 21. Caprovis Argali, Gray, Catal. Mamm. Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 174. Ovis Argali, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. i. p. 347. ? Ovis Hodgsonii, Blyth, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 65. Nyen or Bharal, Hodgson. Hab. Tibet. . 89. Ovis Nanoor, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. iv. p. 492; Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 29. Pseudois Nahoor, Gray, Knowsley, Menag. p. 40 ; Catal. Mamm. Br. Mus. 1852, p. 177 ; Horsf. Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 176. Na, or Nawa, or Nahur, Hodgson. Hab. Tibet. 90. Moscuus mMoscuirervs, Linn. ; Gray, Cat. Hodgson’s Coll. p- 30; Catal. Mamm. Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 244; Horsf. Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 177. Kastury of the Tibetans, Hodgson. Hab. Tibet. 91. Moscuus LeucoGasteR, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. viii. p. 203; Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 31 ; Catal. Mamm. Br. Mus. 1852, p. 245; Horsf. Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 177. Kastury, Hodgson. Hab. Tibet. 405 *92. ? Brsos FRONTALIS, Lambert, sp. Hab. Nepal; Tarai. 93. Porpuacus Grunniens, Linn. sp. Bos grunniens, Linn. 8. N. 12. i. p- 99. Poephagus grunniens, Gray, Catal. Mamm. Br. Mus. p. 153; id. Ung. Furcip. p. 40 ; Horsf. Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p- 184. Bison Poephagus, Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 25. Hab. Tibet. A figure of the calf of Poephagus grunniens is given in the Illus- trated Proc. Zool. Soc. 1853, pl. 35. *94. Buporcas TAXICOLOR, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. 1850, p. 65. t. 1; Gray, Catal. Mamm. Br. Mus. 1852, p. 45; Horsfield, P. Z. 8. 1853, Mamm. pl. 36. Nemorhedus taxicolor, Turner, P. Z. S. 1849. Takin, Hodgson. Hab. Eastern Himalaya (Assam). 95. Rusa Dimorpue, Hodgson, J. A. 8. Beng. 1844, fig.; Ann. N. H. xiv. p. 74; Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 33; Catal. Mamm. Br. Mus. 1852, p- 209. Séving, Hodgson. Hab. Lower Hills and deep valleys of Central N epal. .*96. Cervus AFFINIs, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. 1841, p-. 721; Gray, Catal. Mamm. Br. Mus. 1852, p. 199. Cervus tibetanus, Hodgs. J. A. S. Beng. 1850, p. 466. Starupchu or Shou, Hodgson. Hab. Tibet. 97. Rusa Jara, Hodgson. Cervus Hippelaphus or Phursa Jarai, Hodgson. Rusa Hippelaphus, var., Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p- 34. Rusa Aristotelus, var., Gray, Catal. Mamm. Brit. Mus. 1852, p- 206. ' Jarai, Hodgson. Hab. Nepal; Tarai. 98. CervuxLus MOSCHATUS, De Blainy. Stylocerus Ratwa, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. x. p- 914. Muntjacus vaginalis, Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p- 31. Cervulus moschatus, Horsfield, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I.C. p.190; Gray, Catal. Mamm. Br. Mus. 1852, p- 218. Rathia, Hodgson. Hab. Nepal; Hills and Tarai. Var, Entirely black. Cervus melas, Ogilby, P. Z. S. in Royle’s Himal. p. 73. Hab. Nepal; Hills. 406 99. HygeLaruus porcinus, Zimm. sp. Cervus porcinus, Zimmerman, Schreb. t. 251. Hyelaphus porcinus, Sundevall, Pecora, 58; Horsfield, Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 189; Gray, Catal. Mamm. Br. Mus. 1852, Pp: 215. Axis porcinus, Hodgson, Gray, Catal. Hodgs. Coll. p. 33. Laghtind, Hodgson. Hab. Nepal; Tarai. *100. Asinus K1ane, Moorcroft; Gray, Knowsley Menag. p. 72; Horsf. Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p. 190. p- Asinus Hemionus (Pallas), Gray, Catal. Mamm. Br. Mus. 1852, 272. ; Kiang. Hab. Tibet. 101. Sus rnpicus, Gray, Catal. Mamm. Br. Mus. p. 185. Sus Aper, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. x. p. 911. Sus scrofa, var. Indicus, Horsf.Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. I. C. p.193. Hab. Nepal; Tarai. *102. Porcunta Satvania, Hodgson, J. A. S. Beng. 1847, . 423; Horsfield, P. Z.S. 1853 ; Mamm. pl. 37. Pigmy Hog of the Saul Forest, Hodgson. Hab. Nepal; Tarai. 103. MAnis PENTADACTYLA, Linn. Manis pentadactyla, Linn. ; Horsf. Catal. Mamm. Mus. E. 1. C. . 196. Manis crassicaudata, Griffith’s An, King. iii. p. 507. Bajarkit, Hodgson. Hab. Nepal; Hills, 8. Descriprions oF CoLEOPTEROUS INSECTS IN THE COLLEC- TION OF THE British MusEUM, HITHERTO APPARENTLY UNNOTICED. By ApAm WHITE. (Annulosa, Pl. XL.) In addition to the species described in my previous paper, read on the 12th of February last, I have reason to believe that the following are also new. i. Devcation Wottastoni, n. s. (PI. XL. fig. 6.) D. aterrimus, capite post oculos in mare elongato, thorace levi- gato, lateribus inermibus, elytris dorso depressis, a basi ultra medium punctato-impressis, singulis lineis tribus levibus longi- tudinalibus. Hab. Lord Howe's Island. 407 Although this Longicorn differs in some particulars from either of the species of Mr. Wollaston’s most interesting genus, I am unwilling to form another genus for its reception till the group has been more studied. The antenne in the female are considerably longer than the elytra: in the male they are very long ; the head in the male is considerably produced behind the eyes; the thorax is twice con- stricted : above the surface is smooth, beneath before the fore legs it is delicately and closely transversely striated. — 2. MoneILEeMa Auzo-pictum, n.s. (Pl. XL. fig. 7.) M. aterrimum, thorace elytrisque pilis albis variegatis ; oculis antice pilis albis marginatis, capite inter oculos pilis albis ornato. Long. lin. 81. Hab. Mexico. 3. MONEILEMA LEVIDORSALE, n. s. M. aterrimum, supra leve, elytris lateribus valde compressis, basi punctatis, dorso carina separatis. Long. lin. 8. Hab. Mexico. 4. MoneILeMa ? LONGIPES, n. 3. M. scabriuscule punctatum, aterrimum, pedibus elongatis crassis, thoracis lateribus obsolete tuberculatis ; tarsis subtus fulvis. Long. lin. 8. ; Hab. “China?” This species differs somewhat in form from the others ; it is longer and less squat ; the spine on each side of the thorax is almost obso- lete ; the legs, especially the femora, are longer and thicker; the cox have no spot of hairs. It is rather coarsely and generally punctured, even on the legs and the antenne; the tibize of all the legs are considerably bent at their origin. This was obtained on the voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur, and is more likely to be from the west coast of America than from China. 5. Antsocerus onca. (Pl. XL. fig. 8.) A. pallide ochraceus rufescenti tinctus ; capite thoraceque nigro maculatis et fasciatis ; elytris singulis 17-18 maculis nigris ; corpore subtus nigro fasciato ; antennis articulo tertio apice nigro-fasciculato ; tibiis tarsisque pallidis, tibiis apice nigris. 6. ANIsocERUS CaPpuciINus. (Pl. XL. fig. 9.) A. ater, genis miniaceo vittatis ; scutello nigro ; elytris miniaceis, Jasciis tribus transversis et macula ante apicem nigris, sutura nigra. 7. ANIsocERus puccissimus. (Pl. XL. fig. 10.) A. ater, genis miniaceo vittatis ; elytris sulphureis seu albido- Aavescentibus ; fascia basali angusta et scutello miniaceis, 408 fascia lata ante medium obscure miniacea ; marginibus apicali et laterali miniaceis ; punctis quatuor nigris in parte postica elytrorum, These three fine species of the peculiarly Brazilian genus Aniso- cerus are described in the second part of the Museum Catalogue of Longicorn Beetles, pp. 405, 406. It is just possible that the two last so-called species may eventually be found to be one. We have two specimens of the last which differ from each other in coloration, and probably connecting varieties may yet be sent to our collections from the banks of the Amazon. The 4. capucinus was first ob- tained at Para by J. P. George Smith, Esq. of Liverpool; the 4. dulcissimus was found on the Tapayos, a tributary of the Amazon, by Mr. Bates, who also sent the 4. Onca from Ega, a locality on the same great river, which has proved to be very prolific in insect life. 8. PH&DINUS XANTHOMELAS, 0. 8. (PI. XL. fig. 11.) P. niger, abdomine subtus pallido, elytris sulphureis, apice macu- laque ante medium nigris; femoribus subtus ultra medium ciliatis. Long. lin. 63. Hab. Villa Nova, in ripis fluvii Amazon (Coll. Bates). Head wideish, black ; eyes ferruginous ; a yellow mark on the cly- peus, with many scattered punctures. Antennze with the two basal joints shining, the others dull; joints from the third to the tenth dilated triangularly at the tip on the inner edge ; terminal joint ob- long, sides parallel, tip pointed. Thorax densely punctured and hairy, a smooth spear-shaped space on the back in the middle, pointed in front, a tubercle on each side; scutellum black. Elytra rounded at the tip, of a sulphur-yellow, each broadly tipped with black, and having a subtriangular spot just before the middle ; each elytron with two parallel costee, evanescent about the middle just behind the black spot which lies across them. Under side of abdomen pale ochra- ceous ; legs black ; femora grooved beneath at the base, edges of the groove ciliated with pale hairs. Having only seen a single specimen of this curious species, I am unwilling to give it a new generic name, although its short form, simple sternum, grooved and ciliated femora, and the soft under side of abdomen, with other characters, show that it considerably differs trom Phedinus. 9. PuH@seE concinnA, n.s. (Pl. XL. f. 12.) P. albido-pubescens, thorace postice pallide violaceo, elytris pallide violaceis, fascia latiuscula ante apicem alba, pedibus pallide flavis, antennis basi flavis, apice fuscis, capite bicornuto. Long. lin. 5-53. Hab. Ega, on the banks of the Amazon (Coll. Bates). A most delicately coloured species of the genus Phebe of Serville. The head, thorax, and body are clothed with a dense white pubes- eence ; the hinder part of the thorax has a pale violet band with a projecting lobe in front. The elytra are covered with a most deli- 409 cate pale violet pubescence, passing into white at the tip, and with a rather wide transverse white band before the tip, widest at the sutures. The antennez spring from a portion of the head, which divides each eye into two portions ; the first four joints are pale yellow, the others are brown ; the face has two projecting upturned horns, which are sharp and brown, and when viewed in front have a semicircular out- line. The abdominal segments beneath in the middle and at the end are tinged with yellowish-pink. The legs are of a delicate yellow. 10. AGELASTA CALLIZONA, n.s. (Pl. XU. fig. 13.) A. nigra, supra pube curta griseola reticulata; elytris fascia trans- versa mediana rubescente albo-reticulata, apice rubescentibus ; Semoribus supra tibiis basi rubescentibus, tibiis apice nigro- fasciculatis, tarsis aurato-fulvis, articulis basalibus supra nigris. Long. lin. 6-94. Hab. Sarawak, Borneo (Coll. A. R. Wallace). Blackish, with scattered punctures ; the head, thorax, and elytra reticulated all over with a short griseous pubescence ; the elytra at the tip and a transverse band across the middle of a pinkish-red, re- ticulated with white ; sides of thorax, plate above, middle legs, and band behind base of hind legs pinkish-red ; femora on the upper side and tibiz, except at tip, pinkish-red ; tibiee at the ends black, and clothed thickly with hairs. Tarsi of a tawny golden-yellow, the base of the last joint above and the upper side of other joints black. Antennz blackish-brown, basal joint the longest, reticulated with griseous pubescence, five terminal joints short brown-black, the others ringed, the sixth joint pinkish-grey, except at the tip, which is black. 11. AGELasta WALLACTI, n. s. A. capite nigro-fusco, ochraceo vittato ; thorace nigro-fusco late- ribus albidis, dorso ochraceo quinque-lineato tribus lineis abbre- viatis ; elytris nigro-fuscis, fascia lata alba transversa ; ely- tris singulis basi ochraceo uni-guttatis, apice quingue maculatis pedibus ochraceis, tarsis supra nigris. Cat. Longicorns, Brit. Mus. pt. 2. pl. 10. f. 10. Long. lin, 6-8. _ Hab. Borneo (Sarawak) (Coll. A. R. Wallace). Head blackish-brown, cheeks and face banded with ochraceous pubescence, crown with three ochraceous lines ; antennz dark ferru- ginous, outside of first joint and base of the four succeeding joints pale ochrey. Thorax blackish-brown, sides margined with whitish pubescence; the back with five longitudinal ochraceous lines, two extending from front to hind margins, the alternate three abbreviated. Seutellum of a deep blackish-brown. Elytra deep blackish-brown, with a very wide white pubescent band, which is continued on the underside of the thorax ; an ochraceous spot at the base, a little white spot on the suture behind the scutellum; each elytron with 410 five ochraceous marks on the apical half, three on the suture. Legs ochrey ; femora subferruginous ; tarsi above black ; claw, except at the base and tip, ochrey. 12. AGeLasta amica,n.s. (PI. XL. fig. 14.) A. nigrescenti-fusca, capite thoraceque albo-lineatis elytris rujo- Suscis cinereo polystictis, punctis majoribus nigris, fasciis dua- bus subundatis nigris, anteriore interrupta. Long. lin. 6-63. Hab. Borneo (Sarawak) (Coll. A. R. Wallace). Blackish-brown ; head lineolated longitudinally with white. Tho- rax above with about ten white lineolets arranged longitudinally. Seutellum blackish, Elytra mostly covered with a light reddish- brown pubescence, varied with many small black dots, and with two transverse, somewhat waved, black bands, the anterior ones inter- rupted. Abdomen black, sides with white pubescence, edges ciliated with white ; undersides with greyish pubescence ; middle black, sides spotted with black. Legs cinereous ; tarsi and tips of tibiz black. 13. AGeLasta POLYNESUS, N. 8s. A. nigro-brunnea, capite thoraceque cinereo lineatis ; scutello ei- nereo ; elytris cinereo irregulariter lineatis et notatis ; pedibus cinereo-pubescentibus. Cat. Longicorns, Brit. Mus. pt. 2. pl. 10. f. 9. Long. lin. 6-74. Hab. Borneo (Sarawak). Of a very dark ferruginous brown. Head with five cinereous lines and a short one behind each antenna. Thorax with seven cinereous pubescent lines, the central one the slightest ; scutellum cinereous ; elytra covered with many irregular pubescent cinereous lines and marks, well relieved by the dark blackish-brown background ; under side covered with whitish pubescent hairs ; abdomen down the middle nearly bare of hairs; legs with cinereous pubescence. 14. Acetasta NewMaAnni,n.s. (PI. XL. fig. 15.) A. cerulescenti-cinerea pubescens, thorace nigro transversim uni- fasciato, elytris nigro bifasciatis et maculatis. Long. lin. 63. Hab. Borneo (Sarawak) (Coll. A. R. Wallace). The greater part of the insect covered with a bluish-grey pubes- cence, the head with some black marks, the antennze black, the five basal joints bluish-grey at the base; thorax above with a transverse black band, the front and hind margins running into the greyish pubescent part. Scutellum covered with grey pubescence. Elytra with two transverse black bands, one before the other behind the middle ; the parts clothed with greyish pubescence have a few black spots, those between the bands arranged transversely, those at the apex triangularly. INDEX. The names of New Species, and of Species newly characterized, are printed in Roman Characters; those of Species previously known, but respecting which novel information is given, in [¢alics; those of Species respecting which Anatomical Ob- servations are made, in CapiraLs. Accipitres, 284 Achatina ambigua, Pfr., n. sp., 321 Chiapensis, Pfr., n. sp., 379 —— corrosula, Pfr., n. sp., 35 —— margaritacea, Pfr., n. sp., 321 —— pallens, Pfr., n. sp., 35 —— Shuttleworthi, Pfr., n. sp., 34. —— trypanodes, Pfr., n. sp., 379 —— (Oleacina) Ghiesbreghti, P/r., n.sp., 379 — (——) pulchella, Pfr., n. sp. 379 —— (Varicella) Cordovana, Pfr., n. sp., 321 — (——) Guadeloupensis, Pfr., n. sp., 335 ; —— (——) Orizabe, Pfr, n. sp., 320 —— (—) speciosa, Pfr., n. sp., 321 Achatinella(Achatinellastrum)oyum, Pfr., n. sp., 334 — (Labiella) callosa, Pfr., n. sp., 334 —— (Lanminella) farcimen, Pfr., n. sp., 334 Achatinellastrum ovum, Pf;., n. sp. 334 Acmea ancylus, Esch., 221 —— mammillata, Esch., 222° marmorea, Esch., 222 —— mitra, Esch., 222 —— paleacea, Gould, 204 patina, Esch., 221 pelta, Desh., 221 — persona, Esch., 221 radiata, Esch., 221 . scabra, Nutt., 222 — seutum, D’Orb., 222 — scurra, D’Orb., 222 — spectrum, Nutt., 222 Acroleptes, Schiff., 271 Actias luna, 5 selene, 5 Actinia vinosa, Holdsw., n. sp., 172 Adamsia typica, Dunker, n. sp., 357 Egaceros Argali, Pallas, 404 githalus flaviceps, Scl., 37 Agelaius coronatus, Vieill., 114 Agelasta amica, White, n. sp., 410 Agelasta callizona, White, n.sp., 409 Newmanni, White, n. sp., 410 —— Polynesus, White, n.sp., 410 Wallacii, White, n.sp., 409 Aglaia, Swains., 244 atricapilla, Lafr., 259 — aurulenta, Lafr., 250 ceruleocephala, Sw., 262 eayana, 1)’Orb., 254 chilensis, Vig., 245 — chrysoptera, Sw., 255 —— citrinella, Sw., 247 — cucullata, Sw., 253 cyanicollis, Lafr., 262 cyanocephala, Sw., 247 cyanocephala, Lafr., 236 —— cyanoptera, Sw., 254 —— diva, Less., 264 —— erythrotis, Jard., 241 Fanny, Lafr., 142, 261 Jjlava, Sw., 253 gyrola, Lafr., 255 gyroloides, Lafr., 255 —— igniventris, D’Orb., 242 labradorides, Boiss., 262 —— melanota, Sw., 254 —— melanotis, Sw., 248 Mexicana, Lafr., 258 —— montana, Lafr., 239 —— nigrocincta, Bp., 261 —— nigroviridis, Less., 260 paradisea, Sw., 244 —— peruviana, Sw., 255 —— ruficervix, Prev, 259 Schrankii, Lafr., 248 striata, Lafr., 235 tatao, Lafr., 244 —— viridissima, Lafr., 256 —— vittata, Darwin, 265 — Wilsoni, Lafr., 18, 261 — yeni, Lafr., 245 Ailurus Fulgens, Cuv., 399 ochraceus, Hodgs., 399 Aimophila rufescens, Sw., 305 —- superciliosa, Sw., 305 412 Alcadia rhamphostyla, Pfr., n. sp., 391 Alcedinide, 286 Alectrurine, 28 Aletes, Carp., n. g., 226 —— squamigerus, Carp., n. sp., 226 Amalthea effodiens, Carp., n. sp., 5 Grayana, Menke, 4 Panamensis, H. & A. Adams, 3 Amazilius arsinoe, Less., 287 castaneiventris, Gould, n. sp., 150 —— cerviniventris, Gould, n.sp., 150 Dubusi, Boure., 287 Riefferi, Bourc., 140, 287 Ambassis thermalis, 372 Ampeline, 299 Ampelis cedrorum, Vieill., 299 Amphibolide, 101 Amphidesma decisa, Conr., 213 — flavescens, Gould, 199 roseum, Brod., 213 —— rubrolineata, Conr., 212 Amphiuma, 345 Anabasitta, Lafr., 27 Anabates atricapillus, 288 — cervinigularis, Se/., 288 erythropterus, Sclater, n. sp., 27 Serruginolentus, Max., 288 guianensis, 27 —— rubiginosus, Sel., n. sp., 288 — ruficaudatus, Lafr., 26 squamiger, Lafr., 27 Anabazenops rufo-superciliaris, Lafr., 289 variegaticeps, Sc/., n. Sp.; 289 Anaulus Lorraini, Pfr., 36 Anisocerus capucinus, White, n. sp., 407 dulcissimus, White, n. sp., 407 —— onca, White, n. sp., 407 Anisognathus igniventris, Scl., 242 lacrimosus, Scl., 242 Anodon ciconia, Gould, 202 Nuttalliana, Lea, 218 Oregonensis, Lea, 218 Wahlamatensis, Lea, 218 Anomalopteryx, Reichenb., 58 Anthus Ludovicianus, Gin., 293 Antilope bubalina, Hodgs., 403 Goral, Hardw., 403 Hodgsoni, Abel., 403 Aonyx Sikimensis, Hodgs., 399 Aphrodita aculeata, 105 Aplysia depilans, 45 Aplysiade, 45 Aramides cayennensis, Gm., 143 Arctomys tibetanus, Hodgs., 403 Arctonyx collaris, 398 Tsonyx, Hodgs., 398 Ardeidae, 310 Argobuccinium nodosum, Chemn., 209 Arremon, Vieill., 80 ——- Abeillii, Less., 82 affinis, D’Orb., 84 INDEX. Arremon albifrenatus, Boiss., 88 assimilis, Gray, 85 atripileus, Lafr., 91 aurantiirostris, Lafr., 83 axillaris, Sclater, 82 conirostris, Bp., 143 — Devillii, Bp., n. sp., 81 — D’Orbignii, Se/., n. sp., 81 —— erythrorhynchus, Sel., 83 flavipectus, Lafr., 90 flavirostris, Sw., 81 Srontalis, Tsch., 86 giganteus, Bp., 69 gutturalis, Lafr., 86 leucopterus, Jard., 87 — mystacalis, Sclater, 88 - ophthalmicus, Dubus, 89 pallidinucha, Boiss., 87 palmarum, Gray, 84 personatus, Cab., 89 — polionotus, Bp., 81 — rubrirostris, Lafr., 92 —— rufinucha, Tsch., 87 — ‘rufivertex, Lafr., 242 — rufivertex, Gray, 259 schistaceus, Boiss., 88 —— Schlegeli, Lafr., 83 semirufus, Boiss., 88 semitorquatus, Sw., 82 silens, Gray, 80 —— spectabilis, Selater, 82 —— superciliaris, Lafr., 92 —— teniatus, Gray, 237 —-— torquatus, Vieill., 80 Arthemis saccata, Gould, 201 Arvicola Myothrix, Hodgs., 401 Asinus Hemionus, Pallas, 406 — Kiang, Moorcroft, 406 ASsIMINIA, 22 Assiminia, Leach, 20, 21, 22 —— fasciata, 23 —— Grayana, Leach, 20, 21 Assiminiade, H. & A. Adams, 24 Asturina magnirostris, Gm., 285 Athanas, 103 | Athene infuscata, Temm., 285 Allapetes albinucha, Cab., 86 —— chrysopogon, 1 sp., 86 pallidinucha, Cab., 88 schistaceus, Cab., 88 Aulacorhamphus prasinus, Gould, 308 Auricula, 99 Avicula sterna, Gould, 203 Axis porcinus, Hodgs. 406 Bananivorus affinis, Towns., 301 Barbastellus communis, Gray, 395 Daubentonii, 395 Basileuterus Brasieri, Giraud, 292 culicivorus, Cab., 292 rufifrons, Sw., 291 Basilinna leucotis, Vieill., 287 Batagur Baska, Gray, 182 —— ocellata, Gray, 182 Bethylus, Cuv., 78 Leverianus, Bp., 79 —— medius, Bp., 79 picatus, D’Orb., 79 Bibos frontalis, Lambert, 405 Bison poéphagus, Gray, 405 Bithynia, 20 Bornia corbuloides, Phil., 340 Bos grunniens, Linn., 405 Botaurus lentiginosus, Wils., 310 BoTAuRUS STELLARIS, 54 Buarremon, Bp., 84 albifrenatus, Bp., 88 —— albinuchus, Bp., 86 —— assimilis, Bp., 85 brunneinuchus, Lafr., 85, 302 — chrysopogon, Sci., 86 fulviceps, Bp., 88 —— gutturalis, Bp., 86 — latinuchus, Dubus, 87 — leucopterus, Sel., 87 —— pallidinuchus, Bp., 87 personatus, Selater, 89 —— phzopleurus, Sci., n. sp., 85 — rufinuchus, Sel., 87 — schistaceus, Bp., 88 —— semirufus, Bp., 88 —— torquatus, By., 84 —— virenticeps, Bp., 85 ——- «xanthogenys, Cab., 86 Buccinide, 42 Buccinum Poulsoni, Nutt., 227 Budorcas taxicolor, Hodgs., 405 Buglodytes, Bp., 97 albicilius, Bp., 97 Bulimus estivus, Pfr., n. sp., 331 —— aurifluus, Pfr., n. sp., 319 eandelaris, Pfr., 186 —— Castleneaui, Pfr., n. sp., 332 — Catharine, Pfr., n. sp., 389 — Charbonnieri, P/r., n. sp., 331 — chion, Pfr., n. sp., 332 —— clarus, Pfr., n. sp., 330 — Clouei, Pfr., n.'sp., 390 —— cochinchinensis, Pfr., n. sp., 331 —— Cordovanus, Pfr., n.sp., 34 —— coriaceus, Pfr., n. sp., 318 — costato-striatus, Pfr., n. sp., 319 —— cyathostomus, Pfr., n. sp., 34 — Darnaudi, Pfr., n. sp., 34 — distans, P/r., n.\sp., 331 Drouéti, Pfr., n.sp., 319 — Dutaillyi, P/r., n. sp., 390 — excelsus, Gould, 203 —— floridanus, Pfr., n. sp., 330 — Gayi, Pfr., n. sp., 389 — Gueinzii, P/r., n. sp., 330 —— inequalis, Pfr., n. sp., 330 —— Kanaiensis, Pfr., n. sp., 332 INDEX. 413 Bulimus lactifluus, Pfr., n. sp., 330 —— lirosus, Pfr., n. sp., 388 — Lindstedtii, Pfr., n.sp., 388 —— Lorraini, Pfr., n. sp., 332 —— Martensi, Pfr., n. sp., 318 — monachus, Pfr., n. sp., 333 —— nigroapicatus, Pfr., n. sp., 333 Palawanensis, Pfr., n. sp., 388 —— pallidior, Sow., 203 . | —— parallelus, Pfr., n. sp., 389 —— pheostylus, Pfr., n. sp., 329 — pliculatus, Pfr., n. sp., 390 —— puncticulatus, Pfr., n.sp., 390 —— Sabatieri, P/r., n. sp., 389 segregatus, 186 —— stenacme, Pfr., n. sp., 333 — sugillatus, Pfr., n. sp., 389 — sulphureus, P/r., n. sp., 318 —— tibetanus, Pfr., n. sp., 331 vegetus, Gould, 203 vesicalis, Gould, 203 —— Woodwardi, Pfr., n. sp., 332 Bulla culcitella, Gould, 203 nebulosa, Gould, 220 — (Akera) culcitella, Gould, 203 ( Tornatina) cerealis, Gould, 203 Bullia Cumingiana, Dunker, n. sp., 355 elegans, Dunker, n. sp., 355 Buteo insignatus, Cassin, 285 Buthraupis, Cab., 239 — chloronota, Sel, 240 — cucullata, Sel., 239 eximia, Cab., 240 montana, Sel., 239 Butorides virescens, Bp., 310 Byssoarca pernoides, Carp., n.sp., 202 Cacicus Lifasciatus, Spix, 300 —— montezume, Less., 300 Calcenas (Phlegcenas) Stairi, G. R. Gray, Nn. Sp., 7 Celigena fulgens, Sw., 287 Cereba cyanea, Linn., 140, 286 Cerebide, 286 Callichthys littoralis, 345 Calliparea, Bp., 266 Bourcieri, Bp., 266 —— phenicotis, Bp., 266 Callispiza cayana, Cab., 252 —— citrinella, Cab., 247 —— cyanoptera, Cab., 19, 255 — festiva, Cab., 247 — flaviventris, Cab., 257 gyrola, Cab., 255 —— nigroviridis, Cab., 260 preciosa, Cab., 254 —— punctata, Cab., 249 tatao, Sch., 244 —— thoracica, Cab., 248 tricolor, Cab., 246 vitriolina, Cab., 252 Calliste, Bote, 244 414 Calliste albiventer, Gray, 256 analis, Bp., 243 argentea, Gray, 259 argentea, 19 —— Arthusi, Bp., 251 Arthusi, 19 —— atricerulea, Gray, 258 —— atricapilla, Bp., 259 atricapilla, 19 atrocerulea, 19 — aurulenta, 19 — aurulenta, Gray, 250 —— boliviana, Sel., 258 —— boliviana, 19 —— brasiliensis, Gray, 256 — brasiliensis, 19 — Bourcieri, Bp., 266 — celicolor, Se/., 245 — celicolor, 19 —— ceruleocephala, Gray, 266 calliparea, Gray, 266 castaneoventris, Scl., 266 castanonota, Scl., 19, 254 —— cayana, Gray, 252 cayana, Hartl., 254 cayana, 19 — chilensis, Gray, 245 chrysonota, Scl., 252 chrysophrys, Scl., 249 — chrysotis, Dubus, 263 chrysotis, 19 —— citrinella, Gray, 247 cyaneicollis, Sel., 262 cyaneicollis, 18, 19 —— cyaneiventris, Scl., 247 cyaneiventris, 19 —— cyanescens, Sci., n. sp., 260 —— cyanolema, Bp., 252 cyanolema, 19 —— cyanoptera, Gray, 254 —— cyanoptera, Gray, 19, 255 cyanoventris, 255 — cucullata, Gray, 253 —— cucullata, 19 —— Desmaresti, Gray, 256 —— Desmaresti, 19 diaconus, Gray, 233 Janny, Gray, 261 —— fastuosa, Gray, 266 Jastuosa, 19 —— festiva, Gray, 246 festiva, 19 —— flava, Gray, 253 —— flava, 19 flaviventris, Scl., 257 Slaviventris, 19 —— Francisce, Sel., 261 Francisce, Lafr., 142 —— frugilegus, Bp., 235 —— graminea, Sel., 250 —— graminea, 19 INDEX. Calliste guttata, Scl., 249 guttulata, Bp., 19, 249 —— gyrola, Gray, 255 — gyrola, 19 —— gyroloides, Gray, 255 gyroloides, 18, 19, 142 icterocephala, Bp., 251 —— icterocephala, 19 inornata, Gould, 258 —— inornata, 19 —— labradorides, Gray, 262 —— labradorides, 19 —— lamprotis, Scl., 264 —— larvata, Dubus, 260 larvata, 18, 19, 142 —— leucotis, Sc)., 259 lunigera, Sel., 263 lunigera, 19 —— melanonota, Sel., 254, 265 — Mericana, Gray, 257 —— nigricincta, Gray, 261 —— nigriviridis, Gray, 260 —— nigroviridis, 19 —— Parzudakii, Gray, 263 Parzudakii, 19 —— peruviana, Gray, 254 —— peruviana, 19 —— phenicotis, Bp., 266 pretiosa, Bp., 254 —— pulchra, Sel., 251 pulchra, 19 punctata, Gray, 248 punctata, 19 —— ruficapilla, Scl., 19, 252 ruficervix, Sel., 259 — ruficervix, 19 —— rufigenis, Sc/., n. sp., 311 —_ rufigula, 19 —— rufigularis, Se/., 250 —— Schranki, Gray, 248 Schranki, 19 — Sclateri, Zafr., 251 — Selateri, 19. ——tatao, Gray, 244 tatao, 19 —— thalassina, Strickl., 261 thalassina, 18, 19 —— thoracica, Gray, 247 —— thoracica, 19 — tricolor, Gray, 246 — tricolor, 19 —— Vassorii, Gray, 264 venusta, Sel., 264 — venusta, 19 —- Vieilloti, Se/., n. sp., 257 virescens, Scl., 250 —— viridissima, Bp., 256 —— vitriolina, Bp., 252 —— vittata, Cab., 265 —— xanthocephala, Se/,, 264 —— wxanthocephala, Scl., 19, 264 INDEX. 415 - Calliste xanthogastra, Scl., 249. zwanthogastra, 19 — Wilsoni, Gray, 261 —— yeni, Bp., 245 —— yeni, 19 Callopoma saxosum, Gray, 44 Callospiza barbadensis, Bp., 256 boliviana, Bp., 258 — brasiliensis, Bp., 256 — calliparea, Tsch., 266 eayennensis, Bp., 257 — eyanicollis, Tsch., 262 — guttata, Cab., 249 — gyrola, Tsch., 255 Mexicana, Sch., 257 Schrankii, Tsch., 248 wanthocephala, Tsch., 264 yeni, Tsch., 245 Calospiza, Gray, 244 cayana, Sch., 252 —— pulchra, Tsch., 251 Calothorax Lucifer, Sow., 288 — Eliza, Less., 288 Calurus neoxenus, 63 Calyptrea imbricata, 169 Calyptreide, 3 Campylopterus Cuvieri, Delattre, 140 pampa, Less., 287 Campylorhyncius, Spix, 97 — griseus, Sch., 97 zonatus, Less., 290 Canceride, 134 Canis aureus, Linn., 397 Capra Jemlaica, H. Smith, 404 Capricornis bubalina, Hodgs., 403 Thar, Ogilby, 403 Caprimulgide, 285 Caprolagus hispidus, Pears., 402 Caprovis Argali, Gray, 404 Capulus mitrulus, Dunker, 3 subrufus, D’Orb., 4 Cardellina rubra, Sw., 292 Cardinalis virginianus, Bp., 302 Cardium Californianum, Conr., 217 — cruentatum, Gould, n. sp., 201 — luteolabrum, Gould, 201, 217 — Nuttallii, Conr., 217 —— quadragenarium, Conr., 217 —— substriatum, Conr., 218 xanthocheilum, Gould, 201, 217 . Carduelis magellanica, Aud., 304 Carenochrous, Scl., 87 Cariama cristata, Cuv., 348 Carocolla, 99 Carpodacus familiaris, McCall., 304 Frontalis, Cab., 304 — hemorrhous, Licht., 304 —— rhodocolpus, Caé., 304 Carpophaga, 136 Carychium Myosotis, Mich., 22 Caryothraustes, Reich., 64, 65 Caryothraustes atro-olivaceus, Bp., 65 brasiliensis, Cab., 66 —— cayenensis, Bp., 66 —— episcopus, Bp., 66 Cassiculus Prevosti, Less., 301 Cassis, 21 Cataulus Cumingi, Pfr., n. sp., 339 hemastomus, Pfr., n. sp., 391 Catharus aurantiirostris, Hartl., 294 immaculatus, Bp., 294 Centropus Milo, Gould, n. sp., 136 Centurus Santacruzi, Bp., 307 subelegans, Bp., 143 Cerambyx formosus, Oliv., 12 Ceres, Gray, n. g., 100 eolina, Gray, 100, 102 Salleana, Gray, n. sp., 100, 102 Cerithidea albonodosa, Carp., u. sp., 205 fuscata, Gould, 206 sacrata, Gould, 206 — sacrata, Gould, 226 Cerithium (Potamis) sacratum, Gould, 206, 226 Cerostoma, Conr., 229 Nuttalli, Conr., 229 Certhia americana, 290 mexicana, Reich., 290 Certhiide, 288 Certhiola mexicana, Sel., n. sp., 286 Crrvips, 151 Cervulus moschatus, De Bl., 405 Cervus Axis, 151 Cervus Dama, 151 Cervus affinis, Hodgs., 405 — Hippelaphus, Hodgs., 405 —— melas, Ogilby, 405 porcinus, Zimm., 406 tibetanus, Hodgs., 405 Ceryle americana, Gm., 139, 286 torquata, 139 Cetoniade, 8, 14 Cetonia (Prottia) procera, White, n.sp., 17 ( ) Schaumii, White, n. sp., 17 Chalcothraupis, Bp., 244 argentea, Bp., 259 atricapilla, Bp., 259 atrocerulea, Bp., 258 — nigrocincta, Bp., 261 —— nigroviridis, Bp., 260 ruficervix, Bp., 259 Chama exogyra, Conr., 217 — frondosa, 217 Mexicana, 217 pellucida, 217 Chamepelia amazilia, Bp., 30 Chamepetes Goudoti, Less., 30 Chameza guatimalensis, Bp., 294 Chaus lybicus, Gray, 396 Chelodina Colliei, 370 —— expansa, Gray, n.sp., 370 416 Chelodina longicollis, 370 — oblonga, 370 —— sulcifera, 370 Chelymys Macquaria, 371 Chemnitzia bicarinata, Carp-, n.sp., 171 —— Bittiformis, Carp., n. sp., 171 —— communis, C. B. Ad., 170 Cumingii, Carp., u.sp., 170 —— polyzonata, Carp.,n.sp.,170 * rubrofusca, Carp., n. sp-, 171 tenuicula, Gould, 207 — torquata, Gould, 207 Chimera, 346 Chione Californiensis, Desh., 216 callosa, Desh., 216 Nuttalli, Desh., 216 straminea, Desh., 215 Chirowiphia melanocephala, Vieill., 141 Chiton acutus, Carp., 221 armatus, Nutt., 221 — muscosus, Gould, 221 — Nuttalli, Carp., 221 ornatus, Nutt., 221 Chlorenas bicolor, Vieill., 50 fasciata, Say, 309 —— flavirostris, Wagl., 309 rufina, Temm., 143 speciosa, Gm., 309 Chlorochrysa, Bp., 266 | calliparzea, Sel., 266 pheenicotis, Sel., 266 Chioronerpes Cecilii, Malh., 143 oleagineus, Reichd., 307 rubiginosus, 307 —— yucatanensis, Cabot., 307 Chlorophonia, Bp., 269 frontalis, Bp., 270 longipennis, Sel., 270 —— occipitalis, Bp., 270 —— Pretrii, Bp., 270 viridis, Bp., 269 Chlorornis, Reich., 77 prasina, Cab., 78 Chlorospingus, Cad., 89 — albitemporalis, Scl., 89 atripileus, Sel., 91 —— canigularis, Cab., 90 —— flavigularis, Sel., 91 —— flavipectus, Cab., 90 flaviventris, Sel., n. sp., 91 — leucophrys, Cab., 89. — Lichtensteini, Sel., n. sp.,.30, 93 —— melanotis, Sel., 92 —— olivaceus, Se/., 90 —— ophthalmicus, Dub., 302 ophthalmicus, Se/., 89 —— rubrirostris, Sel., 92 —— spodocephalus, Bp., 91 —— superciliaris, Se/., 92 —— superciliaris, 30 verticalis, Sel., 93 INDEX. Chlorospingus verticalis, 30 —— xanthophrys, Sci., n. sp., 30, 93 Chlorostoma maculosum, Adams, 204 Cholepus didactylus, 139 Chrysallida, Carp., n. subg., 170 communis, C. B. Ad., 170 crebristriata, Carp., n. sp., 170 Chrysomitris mexicana, Sw., 303 notata, Dubus, 304 Chrysopoga, Bp., 84, 86 typica, Bp., 86 Chrysothraupis, Bp., 244, 250 arthus, Bp., 251 aurulenta, Bp., 250 — chrysotis, Bp., 263 —— citrinella, Bp., 247 — frugilegus, Bp., 236 icterocephala, Bp., 251 Parzudakii, Bp., 263 —— Schrankii, Bp., 248 thalassina, Bp., 262 —— thoracica, Bp., 248 wvanthocephala, Bp., 264 Ciecaba gisella, Bp., 25 Circaétus solitarius, Tsch., 145 Cissopis, Vieill., 78 —— bicolor, Vieill., 79 —— Leveriana, Gray, 78 — media, Sel., 79 minor, 7'sch., 79 Cissurus, Reich., 64 Cistudo dentata, Gray, 183 Cithara sinuata, Carp., n. sp.) 162 Clausilia sennaariensis, Pfr., n. sp-, 36 Clinteria atra, Wied., 15. biguttata, G. & P., 15 — duealis, White, 15 funeraria, G. & P., 15 Hoffmeisteri, White, 15 Cobitis, 346 ar Fagen americana cerulea, Briss., 4 cerulescens, Vieill., 64 canadensis, Briss., 65 —— erythromelas, Vieill., 65 viridis, Vieill., 66 Coccothraustine, 301 Coccyzus viridirostris, Hartl., 308 Colaptes mewieanus, Sw., 307 Colibris thalassina, Sw., 287 Columba bicolor, Vieill., 30 - erythroptera, Gmel., 6 —— leucophrys, Forster, 7 — Trudeauii, Aud., 309 vinacea, Temm., 30 Columba, 30, 309 ' Columbella, 21 Santa Barbarensis, Carp.,n. sp., 208 Comarophagus, Boie, 113 Cominella elongata, Dunker, n.sp-, 356 Compsocoma, Cab., 238 INDEX. Compsocoma elegans, Cab., 238 flavinucha, Cadb., 238 notabilis, Se/., 239 —— sumptuosa, Sel., 238 victorini, Cab., 238 Concholepas antiquatus, H. & A. Adams, 3 subrufus, H. & A. Adams, 4 Conirostrum ornatum, Lawrence, 37 Conopophaga cucullata, Se/., n. sp., 29 Conus achatinus, Mke., 206 —— comptus, Gould, 206 —— purpurascens, Sow., 206 pusillus, Gould, 206 — ravus, Gould, 206 Coracias cayana, Bodd., 70 cayennensis, Gmel., 70 Corbula polychroma, Gouldet Carp., n.sp., 198 Corsira caudata, Hodgs., 400 —— nigrescens, Gray, 400 Corvus collurio, Daud., 79 — frugilegus, 40 Leverianus, Shaw, 79 Coturniculus Henslowii, Aud., 305 Cotyle serripennis, Aud., 285 Crangonide, 103, 105 Crenella bulla, Dunker, n. sp., 366 Crepidula aculeata, 225 Californica, Nutt., 225 —— explanata, Gould, 205, 225 exuviata, Nutt., 205, 225 —— minuta, Mid., 225 navicelloides, Nutt., 225 —— nummaria, Gould, 225 —— perforans, Val., 205, 225 rugosa, Nutt., n. sp., 224 Crotophaga sulcirostris, Sw., 309 Crucibulum auriculatum, Chemn., 168 —— corrugatum, Carp., n. sp., 204 —— Cumingii, var. Caribbeense, Carp., n. sp., 167 —— imbricatum, var. Cumingii, Carp., n. sp., 167 — —, var. Broderipii, Carp., n. sp., 168 —— pectinatum, Carp., n. sp., 168 —— rude, Brod., 168 — spinosum, Sow., 225 —— spinosum, var. compresso-conicum, Carp., n. sp., 167 — umbrella, Desh., 168 violascens, Carp., n. sp., 166 Cryptodon, Conr., 210 — Nuttallii, Conr., 210 Cryptomya Californica, Conr., 210 Cuculide, 308 Cuculus hyperythrus, Gould, n. sp., 96 —— strenuus, Gould, n. sp., 96 Cultellus, Conr., 212 caribbeus, Conr., 212 — Dombeii, Conr., 212 417 Cultellus strigillatus, Cony., 212 Cuma suleata, Gray, 42 Cuminyia Californica, Conr., 213 Cuon primevus, Hodgs., 397 Cyanicterus, Bp., 122 venustus, Bp., 122 Cyanocitta floridana, Bart., 300 Cyanocorax luxuosus, Less., 300 —— peruvianus, Cass., 300 Cyanoloxia parellina, Bp., 302 Cyanomyia quadricolor, Vieill., 287 Cyanophonia, Bp., 271 aureata, Bp., 272 —— musica, Bp., 271 Cyclas, 186 Cyclina producta, Carp., n. sp., 161 —— subquadrata, Hanl., 201 Cyclope (Nasa) neritinea, Gray, 42 Cyclophoride, 101 Cyclophorus Shiplayi, P/r., n. sp., 337 Cyclorhis flaviventris, Lafr., 299 Cyclorhynchus brevirostris, Cab., 296 Cyclostoma, 100 elegans, 147 truncatulum, Drap., 22 —— (Chondropoma) Cordovanum, Pfr., n. sp., 323 —— (Cyclophorus) Boucardi, Sallé, n.sp., 323 —— (——) Shiplayi, P/., n. sp., 337 —— (Cyclotus) daucinum, Pfr., n. sp., 337 —— (——) Lindstedti, Pfr., n. sp., 391 —— (Cyclostomus) Boivini, Pfr., n. sp., 338 — (——)microchasma, P/r., n. sp.,338 —— (——) sarcodes, Pfr., n. sp., 339 — (Leptopoma) duplicatum,P/r.,n.sp., 338 —— (—) Hanleyanum, P/,., n. sp., 384 —— (——-) signatum, Pfr., n. sp., 338 —— (Opisthoporus) Cochinchinensis, Pfr., 1. 8p., 337 —— (——) euryomphalum, Pfr., n. sp., 337 Cyclostomide, 99 Cyclostomus Boivini, Pfr., n. sp., 338 — microchasma, Pfr., n. sp., 338 sarcodes, Pfr., n. sp., 339 Cyclostrema excavata, Carp., n. sp., 169 octolirata, Carp., n. sp., 169 —— pentegoniostoma, Carp., n.sp., 169 Cyclothurus didactylus, Linn., 139 Cyclotus daucinus, Pfr., n. sp., 337 Lindstedti, Pfr., n. sp., 391 Cylindrella apiostoma, Pfr., n. sp., 322 Boucardi, Pfr., n. sp., 321 — clava, Pfr., n. sp., 380 ——- Ghiesbreghtii, Pfr., n. sp., 380 —— polygyra, Pfr., n. sp., 322 No. CCCXXVI.*—ProceepinGs or THE ZOOLOGICAL Society. 418 Cylindrella turris, Pfr., n. sp., 380 Cypricardia Californica, Cour., 217 —— Duperryi, Desh., 217 Cypricia Nuttallii, Conr., 210 Cyprinodon Hammonis, Cuv. et Val. 371 Cyprinus Bithynicus, Richardson, n. sp., 372 carpis, 372 elatus, 372 —— flavipinnis, 372 hungaricus, 372 Nordmanni, 372 Cypsnagra, Less., 112 ruficollis, Gray, 112 Cyrena altilis, Gould, 202 ambigua, Desh., 186 consobrina, Caill., 186 Cor, Lam., 186 —— LEuphratica, Bronn, 186 Jfluminalis, Mill. —— Gemmeiiarii, Phil., 186 — mexicana, 202 Panormitana, Bivon, 186 — triangularis, Desh., 186 —— trigonula, Wood, 186 Cytherea callosa, Conr., 216 —— subtrigona, Dunker, n. sp., 357 —— (Trigonella) crassatelloides, Conr., 216 Defrancia intercalaris, Carp., n. sp., 163 serrata, Carp., n. sp., 163 Delattria Henrici, Less., 287 Rhami, Less., 287 Dendrornis flavigastra, Sw., 289 triangularis, Lafr., 289 Deucalion Wollastoni, White, n. sp., 406 Diaphonia, 16 Diglossa baritula, Wagl., 286 Diplodonta orbella, Gould, 202, 218 —— semiaspera, 202 Diplommatina Cantori, P/r., n. sp., 336 DrnornIs CRASSUS, 55 DINoRNIS ELEPHANTOPUS, Owen, 2. Sp., 54 DINORNIS GIGANTEUS, 55 Diyoanis RoBUSTUS, 55 Diucopis, Bp., 68 atra, Bp., 67 capistrata, Bp., 67 —— fasciata, Bp., 68 —— leucophea, Bp., 67 —— speculigera, Sel., 68 Diva, Sel., 264 Vassori, Sel., 264 Doliide, 43 Donacobius, 97 Donax Californicus, Conr., 260, 213 — Conradi, Desh., 213 —— culminatus, 200 —— flexuosus, Gould, 200 ——- obesus, Gould, 200, 215 INDEX. Donax rostratus, C. B. Ad., 200 Doras costata, 345 Dorx pentamera, Newmn., 9 Dorysthenes, 9 Dosinia callosa, Conr., 216 P Drillia punctato-striata, Carp., n. sp., 164: Dromococcyx mexicanus, Bp., 308 Dryocopus erythrops, Cuv., 306 scapularis, Vig., 306 Dubusia, Bp., 237 auricrissa, Scl., 236 cyanocephala, Scl., 236 — gigas, Bp., 240 olivicyanea, Scl., 237 —— Selysia, Bp., 237 teeniata, Sel., 237 Dulus palmarum, Bp., 84 poliocephalus, Bp., 84 Echinus mammillaris, 133 Ectophthaima, Pft., 337 Elenia texensis, Giraud, 296 variegata, Sel., n. sp., 297 Elateride, 9 Emberiza flavifrons, Sparm., 271 — fulviceps, Lafr., 88 Emberizine, 30, 304 Emberizoides macrurus, Gm., 30 marginalis, Temm., 30 Embernagra albinucha, D’Orb., 86 —— conirostris, Bp., 143 mexicana, Less., 86 — rufinucha, Lafr., 87 —_ rufivirgata, Lawr., 306 —— silens, Lafr., 81 —— striaticeps, Lafr., 143 torquata, Lafr., 84 Emeus, Reichenbach, 58 Emys crassicollis, Bell, 182 —— nigra, Blyth, 182 ocellata, D. et B., 182 tentoria, Blyth, 182 Ennea insignis, Pfr., n. sp., 388 Episcopus avis, Briss., 231 Erato columbella, Mke., 206 leucophea, Gould, 206 —— Maugerie, var. Panamensis, Carp., n. sp., 162 Erithacine, 293 Erycina donacina, Récluz, 341 Esox, Linn., 345 Esox Lucius, 106 Eucometis, Selater, n. g., 117 — albicollis, Sel., 117 —- cristata, Se/., 118 — penicillata, Sel., 117 Euphonia, Desm., 271 — enea, Lund., 276 —— affinis, Less., 274, 303 aureata, D’Orb., 272 bicolor, Strickl., 279 brevirostris, Bp., 275 Euphonia ceruleocephala, Sw., 271 —— eastaneiventris, Vieill., 279 —— cayana, By., 278 —— Cayennensis, Gray, 279 —— chalybea, Scl., 276 ——- chlorotica, Licht., 273 chlorotica, Licht., 276 —— cinerea, Lafr., 280 —— celestis, Less., 272 —— concinna, Se/., 275 —— erassirostris, Scl., n. sp., 277 —— elegantissima, Gray, 272 —— elegantissima, Bp., 303 —— flavifrons, Sel., 271 — fortirostris, Lafr., 277 —— frontalis, Scl., 270 —— fulvierissa, Sei., n. sp., 276 — hirundinacea, Bp., 278 —— hirundinacea, Bp., 275, 303 —— Jamaicensis, Sel., 280 — laniirostris, Lafr., 277 — laniirostris, Sel., 278 —— leucopyga, Natt., 275 —— longipennis, Dubus, 270 —— melanura, Sel., 278 —— minuta, Cab., 274 —— musica, Gray, 271 —— nhigricollis, Lafr., 272 —— oceipitalis, Dubus, 270 olivacea, Desm., 274 pardalotes, Less., 276 —— Pectoralis, Gray, 279 —— plumbea, Natt., 281 —— poliocephala, Natt., 281 —— Pretrei, Lafr., 270 —— pumila, Bp., 275 —— pyrrhophrys, Scl., 270 —— pyrrhuloides, Natt., 276 —— ruficeps, Lafr., 276 —— tufiventris, Gray, 279 —— rufiveniris, 18 —— Selateri, Bp., 271 —— serrirostris, Lafr., 273 ——- strictifrons, Strickl., 275 —— tibicen, Licht., 273 —— trinitatis, Stricki., 274 —— umbilicalis, Less., 279 —— Violacea, Gray, 277 —— viridis, Gray, 269 —— xanthogastra, Sund., 275 —— sp. nov. ? 303 Euprepiste, Scl., 244 Euryta fulgurata, Phil., 206 Euscarthmus agilis, Sclater, albicristatus, 28 — parulus, 28 Euschemon, Scl., 244, 252 Euspiza americana, Linn., 142 Euthlypis lacrymosa, Cab., 291 Luthraupis, Cab., 242 —— analis, Cab., 243 n. Sp., 28 INDEX, 419 Euthraupis Dubusia, Cab., 243 Fasciolaria, 21 —— bistriata, Carp., n. sp., 207 —— salmo, Gray, 42 Fasciolaride, 42 Felis Charitoni, Gray, 396 Chaus, Giildenst, 396 —— Duvaucelii, Hodgs., 396 macrosceloides, Hodgs., 395 murmensis, Hodgs., 395 bardochrous, Hodgs., 396 —— tigris, Linn., 395 —— uncia, Erxleb., 395 uncioides, Hodgs., 395 Fissurella, 101 —— aspera, Esch., 223 crenulata, Sow., 223 —— densiclathrata, Reeve, 223 exarata, Nutt., 223 —— ornata, Nutzt., n. sp., 222 Fissurellade, 101 Fluvicola leucophrys, D’Orb., 28 enanthoides, D’Orb., 28 Formicariide, 294 Formicariine, 29 Formicarius moniliger, Se/., n. 8p. 294 Fossar reticulatus, Ads., 205 Fossarus (Zsapis) ovoideus, Gould, 205 Fringilla autumnalis, Linn., 252 —— bahamensis, Briss., 231 —— cana, Gmel., 230 cayenensis, Licht., 66 celeno, Licht., 65 —— episcopus, Licht., 66 —— gnatho, Licht., 64 —— hemorrhoa, Licht., 304 —— Jamaica, Linn., 280 —— jugularis, Max., 77 ——— macroura, Gm., 30 — quadrivittata, Licht., 85 — texensis, Giraud, 303 —— viridis, Max., 66 —— Zena, Linn., 231 Fringilline, 303 Furia, F. Cuv., 172 —— horrens, F. Cuv., 175 Furipterus, Bonap., 173 —— cerulescens, Tomes, —— horrens, Tomes, 175 Furnarius griseus, Swains., 97 Fusus ambustus, Gould, 208 —— pallidus, Gray, 41 turbinelloides, 41 Galbula melanogenia, Scl., 139 Galline, 30 Gallinago nobilis, Sel., n. sp., 31 Wilsoni, Terom., 310 Gallopavo sylvestris, Brisson, 62 Ga.tus, 367 Garruline, 300 Geotrygon chiriquensis, Sel., n. sp., 143 n.sp., 176 ——— 420 Geotrygon montana, Linn., 309 Geranospiza gracilis, Temm., 285 Geospizopsis melanotis, Bp., 306 typus, Bp., 306 Geronoaétus aguia, 145 Gisella Harrisi, Bp., 25 Glandinaria Californica, Nutt., 227 Glossiptila, Sel., n. g., 269 raficollis, Sel., 269 Glyphis, Carp., n. g-, 223 aspera, Carp., 223 Gnathodon mendica, Gould, 200 trigona, Petit, 200 Goliathus Africanus, Lamarck, 14 — Drurii, 14 —— giganteus, 14 Goniaphea cerulea, Linn., 301 conereta, Dub., 302 parellina, Bp., 302 Gracula glauca, Sparm., 231 Gralla, 31 Grallaria guatimalensis, Prev., 294 Granatellus Sallzi, Sel., 292 Gyrola, Reichb., 244, 255 chrysoptera, Bp., 255 cyanoventris, Bp., 255 viridissima, Bp., 256 Halicore australis, 352 Haliotis albicans, 147 —— Californiensis, Swains., 223 - Cracherodii, Leach, 223 splendens, Reeve, 223 Haminea vesicula, Gould, 203 Harpyhaliaétus, 145 Hedymmeles Ludoviciana, Linn., 301 Heleodytes griseus, Cab., 97 minor, Cab., 97 Helictis nipalensis, Hodgs., 398 Helicella nitida, 186 Helicide, 99 Helicina, 99, 100 Helicina brevilabris, Pfr., n. sp., 380 — Chiapensis, P/r., n, sp., 380 — Cordillerz, Sallé, n.sp., 323 —— Draytonensis, Pfr., n. sp.» 392 —— Ghiesbreghtii, P/r., n.sp., 381 — gratiosa, Pfr., n.sp., 325 ss —— Heatei, Pfr., n.sp., 392 —— Heloise, Sallé, n.sp., 322 — Ide, Pfr., n.sp., 339 : —— Norfolkensis, P/r., n. sp., 391 —— notata, Sallé, n. sp., 323 —pictella, P/r., 0. sp., 392 — rufa, Pfr., n.sp., 392 suavis, Pfr., n. sp., 385 —— virens, Pfr., u.sp., 339 —— (Alcadia) rhamphostyla, Pfr. n. 8p; 391 Helicinide, 101 Heliomaster constantii, 140, 287 — longirostris, Vieill., 140. INDEX. | | | | | | | | Helix, 99 Helix acalles, Pfr., n.sp., 327 Adelaide, Pfr., n.sp., 387 —— alata, Pfr., n. sp., 33 —— ammiralis, Pfr., n.sp-, 328 —— angelica, Pfr., n. sp., 33 — arguta, Pfr., n.sp., 327 Bactriana, Hutton, 186 basidentata, Pfr., n. sp., 329 binaria, Pfr., n.sp., 33 —— Bonrgnignatii, Pfr., n. sp-» 387 brevipila, Pfir., 385 —— Calabarica, Pfr., n. sp.) 327 Californiensis, Lea, 220 castrensis, Pfr., D. Sp-y 386 —— Chiapensis, Pfr., n. sp-, 377 — Chimmoi, Pfr., n.sp., 328 —— chionodiscus, Pfr., n. sp., 387 — Cleryi, Pfr., 385 coagulata, Pfr., n. Sp- 32 — Columbiana, Lea, 220 —— conferta, Pfr., n.sp-; 328 — cordovana, Pfr., n.sp., 318 costata, 186 Damahoyi, Pfr., n. sp-, 328 Darnaudi, Pfr., n.sp., 327 —— delta, Pfr., n.Sp-, 386 ductilis, Pfr., n. sp., 385 — eustoma, P/fr., n. sp., 383 exserta, Pfr., n.sp., 32 Fanellei, Hombr., 382 fanula, Pfr., n. sp-, 33 fidelis, Gray, 220 flexilabris, Pfr., n.sp., 382 —— fringilla, Pfr., 385 —— Grevillei, Pfr., n.sp-, 387 — Grimardi, Desh., 385 — Gueinzii, Pfr., n. sp., 329 —— Hainesi, Pfr., n. sp., 32 | —— helicinoides, Jacq., 385 —— helictomphala, P/r., n. sp., 377 — Hombroni, Pfr., n. sp., 382 — Kermandeci, Pfr., n. sp., 326 | —— Lindstedti, P/r., n. sp., 387 Lombei, Pfr., n. sp., 382 | —— majuscula, Pfr., n. sp., 381 —— meobambensis, P/r., n. sp., 328 —— meta, Pfr., n.sp., 381 — migratoria, Pfr., 385 — Miguelina, Pfr., n.sp., 33 — motacilla, Pfr., 385 —— mucida, Pfr., n. sp., 329 —— muorina, Pfr., n. sp., 384 — Nickliniana, Lea, 220 Nove-Hollandiea, Quoy, 385 —— Nuttalliana, Lea, 220 — omissa, Pfr., n.sp., 32 —— Ophiria, Pfr., n. sp., 326 —— Oregonensis, Lea, 220 — Pfeifferi, Phil., 385 —— phthisica, Pfr., n. sp., 383 INDEX. Helix plagiostoma, P/r., n. sp., 381 —— pliculosa, Pfr., n. sp., 386 pulchella, 186 — pyxis, Hinds, 385 — quercina, Pfr., n. sp., 382 — Sachalensis, Pfr., 385 — sebacea, Pfr., n. sp., 383 — Shiplayi, Pfr., n. sp., 327 —— Siamensis, P/r., n. sp., 32 strigella, 186 | —— Stutchburyi, Pfr., n. sp., 386 — Townsendiana, Lea, 220 — undina, Pfr., n. sp., 34 — ursina, Pfr., n. sp., 384 Vancouverensis, Lea, 220 veracruzensis, Pfr., n. sp., 318 — volutella, Pfr., n. sp., 33 xiphias, Pfr., n. sp., 383 Helmitheros rubricapillus, Wils., 291 solitarius, Wilson, 291 ——, sp. nov. ?, 291 Hemipharis, 16 —— Emilia, White, n. sp., 16 —— lde, White, n. sp., 16 insularis, 16 Hemispingus, Cab., 89, 91 rubrirostris, Cab., 92 —— superciliaris, Cab., 93 — Feneris, Bp., 90 Hemithraupis, Cab., 108, 109 Slavicollis, Bp., 110 —— guira, Cab., 109 — melanoxantha, Cab., 110 —— peruana, Bp., 111 —— ruficeps, Cab., 111 Hemitragus Jemlaicus, H. Smith, 404 — quadrimammis, Hodgs., 404 Henicocichla auricapilla, Gm., 293 Herpestes Nyula, Hodgs., 397 Herpetometra, Gray, 22 Hipponyx antiquatus, Linn., 3 australis, Menke, 3 — barbatus, Sow., 3 — costellatus, Carp., n. sp., 4 foliaceus, Menke, 3 Grayanus, Menke, 226 — mitrula, Sow., 3 — Panamensis, C. B. Adams, 3 radiatus, Gray, 4 — serratus, B. M. Cat. — subrufus, Lamk., 4 — tuberculatus, Carp., n. sp., 4 —— (Amalthea) effodiens, Carp., n. sp., 4 — (——-) Grayanus, Menke, 4 Hipposideros armiger, Hodgs., 394 Hirundinide, 285 Hirundo serripennis, Aud., 285 — subfusca, Gould, n. sp., 137 Hyena striata, Zirm., 397 virgata, Hodgs., 397 MHyelaphus porcinus, Zimm. 406 421 Hylocharis ceruleigularis, Gould, 140 Hylophilus ceruleus, Max., 109 cyanoleucus, 109 —— guira, Max., 109 leucophrys, Lafr., 93 — melanoxanthus, Max., 110 ruficeps, Max., 111 Hyonycteris, LZ. e¢ P., 178 albiventer, Tomes, n.s.,179 — discifera, Licht. et Peters, 179 Hypocephalus, 9 Hypothlypis, Cab., 267 callophrys, Cab., 268 tridina, Cab., 267 Hypothymis cesia, Licht., 299 Hypotriorchis aurantius, Heerm., 285 Semoralis, Temm., 285 Hystrix Alophus, Hodgs., 401 leucurus, Sykes, 401 Tanthcenas hypeenochroa, Gould, n.sp., 136 Icteria longicauda, 299 —— velasquezi, Bp., 298 viridis, 299 Icterine, 29 Icterus atrigularis, Less., 301 cucullatus, Sw., 301 melanocephalus, Wagl., 301 mesomelas, Wagl., 301 prosthemelas, Strickl., 301 plumbea, Gin., 285 Miolopha, Bp., 271 Imperator, n.sp.?, Gray, 44 Iotreron Eugeniz, Gould, n. sp., 137 Ips gigas, Olivier, 10 Tridornis, Sel., 242 analis, Sel., 243 — Dubusia, Sel., 242 —— porphyrocephala, Se/., 243 Tridosornis, Less., 242 —— Dubusia, Strickl., 243 rufivertex, Less., 243 Isognomon costellata, Conr., 219 Ixothraupis, Bp., 244, 248 chrysogaster, Bp., 249 —— guttulata, Bp., 249 —— punctata, Bp., 249 pusilla, Bp., 250 Jacapa, Bp., 127 Juida Eytoni, Fraser, n. sp., 368 longicauda, Swains., 368 Junco cinereus, Sw., 306 —— pheonotus, Wagl., 306 Kellia tellinoides, Hanley, n. sp., 340 Kemas Hodgsoni, Gray, 403 Kerivoula picta, 175 Labiella callosa, Pfr., n. sp., 334 Lacuna unifasciata, Carp., nu. sp., 205 Lagomys nipalensis, Hodgs., 402 Lamellicornia, 14 Lamia nobilis, Fabr., 12 Lamiada, 8, 12 422 INDEX. Laminella farcimen, Pfr., n.sp., 334 Lampornis Prevosti, Bourc., 287 — veraguensis, Gould, 140 Lamprospiza, Cab., 78 habia, Cab., 78 —— melanoleuca, Sei., 78 - Lamprotes, Swains., 121 — albicristatus, Lafr., 121 —— loricatus, Scl., 121 —- rubricollis, Gray, 121 — rubrigularis, Sw., 121 —— viridis, Gray, 122 ~ Lanio, Vieill., 118 atricapillus, Vieill., 118 aurantius, Lafr., 119 aurantius, Lafr., 303 auritus, Dubus, 116 —— cristata, Vieill., 115 —— tenuirostris, Gray, 114 versicolor, Lafr., 119 Vieillotii, Lafr., 115 Lanistina concinna, Dunk., n.sp., 366 nana, Dunker, n. sp., 365 Lanius aurantius, Lath., 118 Leverianus, Gmel., 79 picatus, Lath., 79 Lasiurus Pearsoni, Horsf., 395 Latyrus tumens, Carp., n. sp., 166 Leda bellula, 4. 4dams, n. sp., 49 — concinna, 4. Adams, n. sp., 48 costellata, Sow., 48 —— crenifera, Sow., 48 — decora, A. Adams, n. sp., 50 —— electa, 4. 4d ams, n. sp., 48 —— fastidiosa, 4. Adams, n. sp., 49 —— fulgida, 4. ddams, n. sp., 50 —— inconspicua, 4. Adams, n. sp., 49 —— inornata, 4. Adams, n. sp., 48 —— lepida, 4. Addams, nu. sp., 49 lugubris, 4. ddams, n. sp., 49 —— plicifera, 4. Adams, n. sp., 50 —— semisulcata, 4. ddams, n. sp., 50 siliqua, Reeve, n.sp., 48 Leguminaria, Sch., 211 Leopardus Uncia, Gray, 395 Lepidenas speciosa, Bp., 309 Lepidosiren annectens, 342 paradoxa, Pallas, 344 Leptopoma duplicatum, P/r., n. sp., 338 —— Hanleyanum, Pfr., n.sp., 384 signatum, P/r., n. sp., 338 Leptoptila rufaxilla, Bp., 309 Lepus hispidus, Pearson, 402 macrotus, Hodgs., 401 —— pallipes, Hodgs., 401 —— ruficaudatus, Geoftr., 402 Taloi,-Pallas, 401 Lethrus, 10 Leuciscus Baldneri, 376 —— Cii, Rehdson., n. sp., 375 —— Apollonitis, Rchdson., n. sp., 376 Leuciseus erythrophthalmus, Cuv., 374 —— Lancasteriensis, 376 Leucopygia, Swains., 112 ruficollis, Sw., 112 Leucozonia angulata, Gray, 43 Lima tetrica, Gould, 203 acuminata, Lam., 186 auricularia, 186 Hookeri, 186 Limnea luteola, Lam., 186 —— Nuttalliana, Lea, 220 —— peregra, 186 stagnalis, 186 truncatula, Mull., 186 Linsang pardicolor, Gray, 396 Lissotriton, 342 Lithodes antarctica, Homb. et Jacq., 133 arctica, Lam., 133 brevipes, Edw. et Lucas, 134 Camschatica, Tilesius, 133 —— granulosa, Homb. et Jacq., 134 hystrix, Haan, 133 Maia, 132, 133 — (Echidnocerus) cibarius, 132 —— (Petalocerus) Bellianus, White, n.sp., 134 Lithodomus falcatus, Gould, 202 —— Gruneri, Phil., 202 Lithophagus faleatus, Gould, 202 Littorina, 20, 100 —— planazis, Phil., 226 —— quadrifasciata, 20 —— tenebrata, Gould, 226 Littorine, 20 Livona pica, Linn., 204 Lomis, 134 — dentata, Haan, 134 hirta, Edw., 134 Longicornia, 8 Lophornis Helene, Del., 288 Loricaria pleistoma, 345 Lorius chlorocercus, Gould, n.sp., 137 Lottia pallida, Gray, 222 pintadina, Gould, 221 —— punetata, Gray, 222 seabra, Jay, 222 Loxia bonariensis, Gm., 235 canadensis, Linn., 65 — capsicum, Val., 77 —— erythromelas, Gmel., 65 —— fuliginosa, Daud., 64 grossa, Linn., 63 — gularis, Less., 74 virens, Linn, 233 virginica, Gm., 123 Lucanida, 8 Lucapina erenulata, Sow., 223 Lucina Artemidis, Carp., n.sp., 201 bella, Conr., 218 Californica, Conr., 218 —— Nuttalli, Conr., 218 INDEX. 423 Lucina orbelia, Gould, 202, 218 Modiola recta, Conr., 218 —— pecten, Jay, 218 Modiolarea subtorta, Dunl., n. sp., 365 Lupus laniger, Hodgs., 397 Modulus disculus, Phil., 205 Lutra Chinensis, Gray, 399 dorsuosus, Gould, 205 Lutraria ventricosa, Gould, 200 Molothrus eneus, Wagl., 300 undulata, Gould, 200 Momotide, 285 Lyonsia Californica, Conr., 199, 211 Momotus brasiliensis, Carp., 285 —— nitida, Gould, 199, 211 Lessoni, Less., 139, 285 Lynx Chaus, Gildenst., 396 Moneilema albo-pictum, White, n.sp., 407 Macabra squamulata, Bp., 285 levidorsale, White, n.sp., 407 Macacus Rhesus, Desm., 394 —— longipes, White, n. sp., 407 Machera, Gould, 211 Monoceros brevidens, Conr., 229 lucida, Conr., 211 brevidentatum, Gray, 229 Mactra Californica, Conr., 214 engonatum, Conr., 228 exoleta, Gray, 200 —— lapilloides, Nuétt., 229 —— Marie, 4. Adams, n. sp., 53 —— maculatum, Gray, 229 —— mendica, Gould, 200 —— punctatum, Gray, 229 planulata, Conr., 214 —— punctulatum, Sow., 229 undulata, Gould, 200 unicarinatum, Reeve, 228 (Mactrella) laciniata,Carp.,n.sp.,161 | Montacuta Coquimbensis, Hanley, n. sp. Maia Camschatica, Tilesius, 133 340 Malea ringens, Gray, 43 Mormyrus, 346 Manacus Candei, Bp., 299 Moschus leucogaster, Hodgs., 404 Mangelia acuticostata, Carp., n.sp., 162 moschiferus, Linn., 404 ——rigida, var. fuscoligata, Carp.,n.sp., | Motacilla campestris, Linn., 269 163 guira, Linn., 109 Manis pentadactyla, Linn., 496 velia, Linn., 267 — crassicaudata, Griffith, 406 Motacilline, 293 Margarornis brunnescens, Scl., n. sp., 27 Movia, Reichenbach, 58 Marginella Jewettii, Carp., n. sp., 207 Muntjacus vaginalis, Gray, 405 Martes flavigula, Bodd., 398 Murex, 229 Megaderma Lyra, Geoffr., 394 costularis, Lam., 356 | schistacea, Hodgs., 394 Muricide, 41 Megalomastoma complanatum,Pfr.,n.sp., | Murina, Gray, 180 36 suillus, Temm., 394 Megalophus mexicanus, Kp., 295 Mus equicaudalis, Hodgs., 401 Melampus Bridgesii, Carp., n. sp., 161 — caudatior, Hodgs., 401 — oblongus, Pfr., n. sp., 393 —— Morungensis, Hodgs., 401 — Stutchburyi, Pfr., n. sp., 393 —- musculus, 38, 106 Melanerpes flavigularis, 307 — Myothrix, Hodgs., 401 —— formicivorus, Sw., 143, 307 —— nipalensis, Hodgs., 400 —— melanopogon, Bp., 307 — nudo-plicatus, Gaskoin, n.sp., 38 Meleagris Gallopavo, Linn., 62 —— plurimammis, Hodgs., 401 mexicana, Gould, n.sp., 61 — tarayensis, Hodgs., 400 Meles leucurus, Hodgs., 398 Muscicapa Brasierii, Giraud, 292 Merula surinamensis, Briss., 114 — Derhamii, Giraud, 292 tristis, Sw., 294 —— galeata, Licht., 117 —— vulgaris, 40 melanops, Vieill., 117 Micrastur concentricus, Less., 285 —— miniata, Sw., 292 Milvulus tyrannus, Linn., 141, 297 | —— rubra, Linn., 123 Mimine, 97 | vulnerata, Wagl., 292 Mimus cerulescens, Sw., 294 | Muscicapine, 298 — carolinensis, Linn., 294 | Muscivora mexicana, Sel., n. sp., 295 —— longirostris, Lafr., 294 Mustela canigula, Hodgs., 398 Miniopterus, 175 Kathiah, Hodgs., 398 Mionectes oleaginus, Licht., 296 — strigidorsa, Hodgs., 398 Mitra maura, Nutt., 227 Mygale Emilia, White, n. sp., 183, 185 Mniotilta varia, Linn., 140, 291 Mniotiltine, 291 versicolor, Walck., 183 Modiola capax, Cour., 218 Zebra, 183 —— nitens, Carp., n. sp., 202 Myiabeillia typica, Bp., 287 rosea, Walck., 183 424 INDEX. Myiadestes obscura, Lafr., 299 Townshendi, 300 unicolor, Sel., n. sp-; 299 Myjiarchus mexicanus, Kp., 296 Myiodioctes mitratus, Lath., 291 pusillus, Wilson, 291 Myiopsitta tigrina, Souancé, 306 Mysia tumida, Conr., 215 Mytilimeria, Conr. 211 — Nuttalli, Conr., 211 Mytilus Adamsianus, Dunk., n.sp., 360 —— atropurpureus, Dunk., n.sp., 359 —— bifurcatus, Conr., 219 Californianus, Conr., 219 —— curvatus, Dunk., n.sp., 361 —— edulis, 219 —— glomeratus, Gould, 202 —— horridus, Dunker, n. sp., 359 —— latissimus, 219 — Morrisi, Dunker, n.sp., 360 niger, Gmel., 359 —— obscurus, Dunk., n. sp., 360 rostratus, Dunker, n.sp., 355 splendens, Dunker, n. sp., 358 Nacella depicta, Hinds, 204 Nemorhedus Goral, Hardw., 403 taxicolor, Turner, 405 Nanina, Risso, 42 Narica ovoidea, Gould, 205 Nasica flavigaster, Lafr., 289 Natalus, Gray, 176 stramineus, Gray, 178 Natica Californica, Carp., n.sp., 227 excavata, Carp., n.sp., 165 Maroccana, 227 Navicellus, 101 Necturus maculosus, 343 Nemosia, Vieill., 108 —— albigularis, Se/., 111 atra, Bp., 67 — auricollis, Sel., n. sp., 111 —— blanda, Licht., 112 diademata, Steph., 241 —— flavicollis, Vieill., 110 —— fulvescens, Strickl., 112 —— guira, Gray, 109 —— guirina, Sel., 110 insignis, Se/., n. Sp.» 110 —— nigricollis, Vieill., 109 — peruana, Sel., lll —— pileata, Vieill., 109 —— rubrirostris, Lafr., 92 —— rnficapilla, Vieill., 111 —— ruficeps, Sel., 112 sordida, Lafr., 112 —— superciliaris, Lafr., 92 verticalis, Lafr., 93 Neornis, Hartl., 269 cerulea, Hartl., 269 Neodon sikimensis, Hodgs., 401 Nerita (Syncera) hepatica, Gray, 20 Neritina, 99, 101 Neritinide, 100, 101 Nesocichla eremita, Gould, 144 Nestor hypopolius, 94 notabilis, Gould, n.sp., 94 Nika edulis, Risso, 102, 105 Niphea hyemalis, 306 oregona, 306 rufidorsis, Licht., 306 Nitidella Gouldii, Carp., n. sp., 208 Nothocercus Sallei, Bp., 310 Nucula Bellotii, 4. ddams, n. sp., 51 castanea, 4. Adams, u.sp., 53 —— crenulata, 4. Adams, n. sp., 52 —— gibba, 4. Addams, n.sp., 52 — Layardii, 4. Adams, n.Sp-, 51 margaritacea, 4. Ads., 0. Sp-, 51 —— nitidula, 4. Adams, n.sp., 51 —— nucleus, 341 —— Paulula, 4. Adams, n.sp., 52 —— Paytensis, 4. Adams, n. Sp. 51 simplex, 4. d4dams, 0. Sp.; 52 — Strangei, 4. ddams, nu. sp. 52 —— striolata, 4. Adams, n.sp., 52 suleata, 4. Adams, n. sp., 53 Nyctale Harrisi, Cassin, 25 Nyctalitinus albipunctatus, Kaup, 25 Nycticejus nivicolus, Hodgs.; 395 Nyctidromus americanus, Linn., 285 Derbyanus, Gould, 285 Obeliscus achates, Gould, 206 clavulus, Ads., 206 Octhoéca enanthoides, D’Orb., 28 albidiema, Lafr., 28 fumicolor, Sel., n. sp-, 28 —— Lessoni, Sclater, 28 —— leucophrys, D’Orb., 28 —— rufipectoralis, D’Orb., 28 Odontoglossa, 42 Odostoma, D’Orb., 99 Odostomia achates, Gould, 206 gravida, Gould, 207 —— (Chrysallida) crebristriata, Carp., n.sp., 170 Odontophorine, 309 Odontophorus guttatus, Gould, 108, 309 —— lineolatus, Gould, 310 thoracicus, Gambel, 310 veraguensis, Gould, n.sp., 107 veraguensis, Gould, 143 Oleacina Ghiesbreghtii, Pfr., n. sp-, 379 —— pulchella, Pfr., 0. Sp., 379 Oligyrade, 100 Oliva propatula, Conr., 209 testacea, Lam., 209 Olivella glandinaria, Nutt., n.sp-, 227 intorta, Carp., n.sp-, 207 Omphalius ater, Less., 224 aureotinctus, Forbes, 224 —— fuscescens, Phil., 224 —— marginatus, Nutt., 224 ss ee INDEX. Omphalius Pfeifferi, Phil., 204 Onychoprion fuliginosus, Gm., 144 Ophicardelus Stutchburyi, Pfr., n.sp. 393 Opisthoporus Cochinchinensis,P/r.,n.sp., 337 ‘ —— euryomphalus, Pfr., n. sp., 337 Orchesticus, Cab., 66 — Abeillii, Sel., 66 —— ater, Sel., 67 —— capistratus, Sel., 67 occipitalis, Cab., 66 Oreothraupis, Sci., n. g., 80 —— arremonops, Sei., 80 Oriolus leucopterus, Gmel., 113 —— melaleucus, Sparm., 113 musicus, Cab., 301 Ornithoptera Victoriz, G.R. Grey, n. sp.,8 Orpheus ceruleseens, Sw., 294 longirostris, Lafr., 294 Ortalida Goudoti, Less., 30 poliocephala, Wag)., 310 vetula, Wagl., 310 Orthogonys, Stricki., 121 —— cyanicterus, Sel., 122 viridis, Strickl., 122 Ortyx pectoralis, Gould, 310 —— thoracicus, Gambel, 310 Osilinus gallina, 204 Osteodesma nitidum, Gould, 199 Ostinops bifasciatus, Cab., 300 Ostrea conchaphila, 220 Otis tarda, Linn., 1 Otocorys chrysomela, Wag)., 306 Ovis arizs, Linn., 149 Ovis ammonoides, Hodgs., 404 Argali, Hodgs., 404 aries, Linn., 404 —— Barwal, Hodgs., 404 —— Changluk, Hodgs., 404 —— Hodgsoni, Blyth, 404 Hoonia, Hodgs., 404 Nahoor, Hodgs., 404 Pachnoda, 17 Pachyrhamphus aglaiz, Lafr., 297 —— marginatus, Licht., 298 Pecilornis, Haril., 242 —— rufivertexr, Hartl., 243 Peecilothraupis, Cab., 241 igniventris, Sc/., 242 lacrimosa, Sel., 242 —— lunuolata, Sel., 241 Paguma Grayi, Gray, 396 Palemonide, 103 Palapteryz, 58 Paludina Bengalensis, yar., 186 Paludine, 346 Pandora punctata, Conr., 211 Panthalops Hodgsoni, Abel., 403 Papilio Victoria, G. R. Gray, n. sp., 8 Paradoxurus Grayi, Benn., 396 nipalensis, Hodgs., 396 425 Paradoxurus quadriscriptus, Hodgs., 396 strictus, Hodgs., 396 Parandra, 9 Parapholas, Conr., 209 acuminata, 209 —— bisulcata, Conr., 209 Californica, Conr., 209 penita, Conr., 210 Parine, 37, 293 Parolomis, White, n. g., 134 —— granulosa, White, 134 Parra brasiliensis, Gm., 282 cordifera, Less., 283 —— gymnostoma, Wagl., 283 —— hypomelena, Gray, 283 —— hypomelena, Gray, 143 —— intermedia, Bp., n. sp., 282 —— jacana, Linn., 282 —— jassana, Schomb., 282 —— melanopygia, Sel., n. sp., 283 —— nigra, Gm., 282 variabilis, Gm., 282 Partula alabastrina, Pfr., n. sp., 390 —— callifera, Pfr., n. sp., 333 levigata, Pfr., n. sp., 334 —— lilacina, P/r., n. sp., 334 —— minuta, Pfr., n. sp., 384 —— purpurascens, Pfr., n. sp., 333 strigosa, P/r., n. sp., 384 Parulus ruficeps, Spix, 98 Parus atricapillus, 293 carolinensis, 293 —— leucotis, Giraud, 292 —— meridionalis, Se/., n. sp., 293 Passerculus alaudinus, Bp., 305 geospizopsis, Bp., 306 zonarius, Bp., 305 Patella antiquata, Linn., 3 —— auriculata, Chemn., 168 australis, Lamk., 3 —— cinis, Reeve, 221 Cumingii, Reeve, 221 — diaphana, Nutt., 221 —— fenestrata, Nutt., 221 —— leucophea, Nutt., 221 mammillata, Nutt., 221 — monticola, Nutt., 221 Nuttalliana, Reeve, 221 Oregona, Nutt., 222 —— pileata, Nutt., 222 scabra, Reeve, 222 scurra, Less., 222 spectrum, Nutt., 222 strigillata, Nutt., 221 tessellata, Nutt., 221 —— umbonata, Nutt., 222 verriculata, Reeve, 221 Patelloida depicta, Hinds, 204 Pecten latiauratus, Conr., 219 monotimeris, Conr., 219 Pectunculus flammeus, Reeve, 358 426 Pectunculus Grayanus, Dunk., n. sp., 357 Penelopine, 310 Penitella Wilsoni, Conr., 209 Periploma argentaria, Conr., 211 planiuscula, Sow., 211 Periporphyrus, Reich., 64, 65 —— atropurpuratus, Bp., 65 — erythromelas, Bp., 65 Peristera cinerea, Temm., 309 Perna costellata, Conr., 219 Petalocerus, White, n. g., 133 —— Bellianus, White, nu. sp., 134 Petaloconchus, Lea, 313 cereus, Carp., 0. sp., 316 —— cochlidium, Carp., n. sp., 314 —— flavescens, Carp.; n. sp., 314 —— macrophragma, Carp., n. sp., 313 macrophragma, Carp., 226 —— nerinzoides, Carp., n. sp., 316 — octosectus, Carp., n.sp., 317 renisectus, Carp., n. sp-, 315 varians, D’Orb., 315 — Woodwardii, Carp., 316 Petricola arcuata, Desh., 214 — bulbosa, Gould, 198 Californica, Conr., 214 carditoides, Conr., 214 — Cordieri, Desh., 214 — cylindracea, Desh., 214 robusta, Sow., 198, 209 sinuosa, Conr., 209 ’ Phzdinus xanthomelas, White, n. sp., 408 Phenicophilus, Strickl., 84 — palmarum, Sfrickl., 84 — poliocephalus, Strickl., 84 Pheenicothraupis, Caban., 119 — erythrolaimus, Bp., 120 —— gutturalis, Se/., 120 — rubica, Cad., 119 —— rubicoides, Cab., 120 —— rubicoides, Lafr., 303 — rubra, Sel., 120 Phenisoma, Swains., 123 — estiva, Sw., 123 ardens, Tsch., 126 azare, Tsch., 124 —— bidentatum, Cab., 126 — bivittatum, Tsch., 126 — hepatica, Cab., 124 —_ rubra, Sw., 123 Phaéthon ethereus, Linn., 144 candidus, Briss., 144 —— flavirostris, Brandt., 144 — phenicurus, 144 Phaéthontine, 144 Phaéthornis Adolphi, Sallé, 287 Phaneropneumona, 101 Pharomacrus mocinno, De la Liave, 139 Phasianella compta, Gould, n. sp., 204 Phlegenas, Bonap., 6 Stairi, G. R. Gray, n. sp., 7 INDEX. Pheebe concinna, White, n. sp., 408 Pholadidea melanura, 209 ovoidea, Gould, 198 Pholadidee, 209 Pholadopsis pectinata, Conr., 209 Pholas Californica, Conr., 209 concamerata, Desh., 210 —_ Janellii, Desh., 209 —— ovoidea, Mex., 198 penita, Conr., 210 Phonipara pusilla, Sw., 304 Phos biplicatus, Carp., n. sp., 166 Phrygilus unicolor, 306 Phursa Jarai, Hodgs., 405 Physa, 220 elata, Gould, 203 Puysatus, Gray, 187 PHYSALUS ANTIQUORUM, 195 PrysALus Boops, 195 Piaya cayana, Cassin, 308 mexicana, Sw., 308 viridirostris, Bp., 308 Picide, 306 Picolaptes, 140 affinis, Lafr., 289 Picus eruginosus, Licht., 307 cancellatus, Wagl., 308 imperialis, 63 Jardinii, Mahh., 308 Nuttalli, Gambel, 308 oleagineus, Licht., 307 parvus, Cabot, 307 scalaris, Wagler, 307 varius, Linn., 308 —— Wilsoni, Malh., 308 Pileopsis, 3 —— mitrula, Lamk., 3 —— subrufa, Lamk., 4 Pionus senilis, Spix, 306 Pipilo fuscus, Sw., 304 maculatus, Sw., 304 —— mesoleucus, Baird, 304 Pipilopsis, Bp., 84, 88 albitemporalis, Bp., 89 atripileus, Bp., 92 —— canigularis, Bp., 90 — cristata, Dubus, 118 flavigularis, Scl., 91 —— flavipectus, Bp., 90 —— fulviceps, Bp., 88 —— personatus, Bp., 89 —— rubrirostris, Bp., 92 ruficeps, By., 108 —— semirufus, Bp., 88 superciliaris, Bp., 92 Pipra chlorocapilla, Shaw, 269 —— coracina, Verreaux, n. sp., 29 cyanocephala, Vieill., 272 elegantissima, Bp., 272 —— galericulata, Giraud, 273, 303 — leucocilla, Sclater, 29 INDEX. 427 Pipra mentalis, Se/., n. sp., 299 — musica, Gm., 271 pectoralis, Lath., 279 Pipraeidea, Sw., 265 — castaneiventris, Scl., 266 cyanea, Sw., 265 —— melanonota, Scl., 265 Pipridea, Sel., 265 — castaneiventris, Se/., 266 — melanonota, Sci., 265 venezuelensis, Sc/., n. sp., 265 Piprine, 29, 299 Pirena Californica, Nutt., 206, 226 Pisania elegans, Gray, 41 Pisidium, 20, 186 Pitangus Derbianus, Kp., 297 Pithecus, 369 Pithex oinops, Hodgs., 394 Pitylus, Cuv., 64 —— atrochalybeus, Jard., 64 atro-olivaceus, Lafr., 65 atropurpuratus, Lafr., 65 —— brasiliensis, Sc/., 66 —— cerulescens, Cab., 65 canadensis, Gray, 65 capistratus, Sw., 67 — celeno, Sel., 65 —— erythromelas, Gray, 65 — erythrorhynchus, Swains., 64 Jlavocinereus, Cassin, 66 —— fuliginosus, Scl., 64 gnatho, Gray, 64 grossus, Gray, 64 personatus, Less., 66 poliogaster, Dubus, 66, 302 viridis, Sel., 65 Planorbis coromandelicus, Fab., 186 nanus, Bens., 186 — subcrenatus, Carp., n. sp., 220 Platyodon, Conr., 210 cancellata, Conr., 210 Platyrhynchus cancroma, Licht., 295 Plecotus Darjelingensis, Hodgs., 395 homochrous, Hodgs., 3995 Plectropteron, Hutton, 5 Pleurobranchiata, 45 Pleurotoma concinna, Dunker, n. sp., 356 — gracillima, Carp., n. sp., 164 — virginis, Lam., 356 Poéphagus grunniens, Gray, 405 Pogonothraupis, Cab., 118 — atricapilla, Cab., 118 Polioptila, 298 Pomaulax undosus, Mawe, 204 Poospiza olivacea, Bp., 90 Porcula salvania, Hodgs., 406 Porphyrio simplex, Gould, 144 Potamis fuscata, 206 sacrata, 206 Presbytes Entellus, Gray, 393 Prionacalus, 10 Prionida, 8 Prionodon pardicolor, Hodgs., 396 Proboscidifera Hamiglossa, 41 Procapra picticauda, Hodgs., 403 Procnias ‘Heinei, Cab., 259 viridis, Cab., 269 Procnopis, Bp., 264 melanota, Bp., 265 Vassori, Bp., 264 Procnopis, Cab., 244, 258 argentea, Tsch., 259 atrocerulea, Tsch., 258 Proserpina, 46, 99 eolina, Duclos, 100 — Salleana, Gray, n.sp., 100 —— (Ceres) Salleana, Cuming, n. sp., 322 Proserpine, 100 Proserpinida, 46, 101 Prosophthalma, H. & A. Adams, 24 Protetia ferruginea, 17 procera, White, n.sp., 17 regalis, 17 Schaumii, White, n. sp., 17 Protonopsis horrida, 343, 345 Psalidocoptus, White, n. g., 10 — scaber, White, n. sp., 12 Psalidognathus Friendii, G. R. Gray, 10 Psaltria exilis, Temm., 38 flaviceps, Sund., 37 —— melanotis, Cassin, 37 minima, Cassin, 37 Psammobia decora, Hinds, 212 pacifica, Conr., 212 Psaris habia, Less., 78 mexicana, Less., 141 tityroides, Less., 141 Pseudobranchia, Gray, 101 Pseudois Nahoor, Gray, 404 Pseudomeles leucurus, Hodgs., 398 Psilorhinus morio, Licht., 300 Psittacide, 306 Psittacula lineolata, Cass., 306 Psittacus leucorhynchus, Sw., 306 Psittospiza, Bp., 77 prasina, Bp., 78 Riefferi, Sc/., 78 Pteromys caniceps, Gray, 402 magnificus, Hodgs., 403 —— nobilis, Gray, 402 Pteropus, 311 Ptilogonys cinereus, Sw., 299 Ptilonopi, 7 Pulmonobranchiata, Gray 101 Pupa bacillus, Pfr., n. sp., 35 Huttoniana, 186 Sennaariensis, Pfr., n. sp., 35 — teres, P/r., n.sp., 35 Purpura, 21 —— aperta, Blainy., 227 —— Conradi, Nutt., 228 428 Purpura cornigera, Blainv., 229 emarginata, Desh., 228 fasciata, Dunker, n. sp., 357 — harpa, Conr., 228 macrostoma, Cour., 227 pansa, Gould, 208 patula, Linn., 208 spirala, Blainv., 228 — (Monoceros) brevidens, Conr., 229 engonata, Conr., 228 —— (——) lapilloides, Conr., 229 Putorius tibetanus, Hodgs., 398 Pygmornis Adolphi, Sallé, 287 Pyranga, Vieill., 123 —— aestiva, Linn., 142, 303 —— estiva, Vieill., 123 albicollis, Lafr., 117 —— ardens, Scl., 126 azare@, D’Orb., 124 __— bidentata, Sw., 126 bivittata, Lafr., 126 —— eucullata, Dubus, 125 cyanictera, Vieill., 122 _— dentata. Licht., 124 — erythrocephala, Bp., 125 erythromelena, Licht., 303 —— erythromelana, Scl., 126 — erythromelas, Vieill., 123 —— erythropis, Vieill., 125 —— hepatica, Sw., 124 —— icteropus, Vieill., 122 —— ignicapilla, Licht., 120 —— leucoptera, Trud., 126 _— Juctuosa, D’Orb., 114 _— Ludoviciana, Bp., 125 _— mewicana, Less., 65 __— mississipiensis, Lafr., 124 —— pyrrhocephala, Mass., 125 guajacina, Licht., 120 __— yubica, D’Orb., 119 _— rubra, Sw., 123 _— rubriceps, Gray; 125 __— saira, Sel., 124 —— sanguinolenta, Lafr., 126 _____ versicolor, D’Orb., 119 ——_ (-———— — Pyrgula quadricostata, Carp., 0. 8p., 162 Pyrocephalus rubineus, Bodd., 296 Pyrthocoma, Cab., 108 —— personata, Cab., 89 _— ruficeps, Cab., 108 Pyrrhula Abeillei, Less., 66 —— cerulea, Vieill., 241 _—— frontalis, Sw., 304 raptor, Cabot, 69 Pyrrhulagra ruficollis, Bp., 269 Pyrrhulinota hemorrhoa, Bp., 304 Pyrrhuphonia, Bp., 271 —— jamaica, Bp., 280 Pyrrota, Vieill., 113 corypheus, Bp-; 114 —— leucoptera, Bp., 113 INDEX. Pyrrota Valeryi, Verr., 114 Pyrula lignaria, Reeve, 41 pythina arcuata, 4. Adams, 0. SP.» 47 —— Cumingii, 4. Adams, 0. sp. 47 —— mactroides, Hanley, n. Sp-, 340 nuculoides, Hanley, n. Sp-; 341 —— Paula, 4. Addams, 0. sp-; 47 —— peculiaris, 4. Addams, n. Sp-s 47 triangularis, 4. Adams, n. sp-, 47 Querquedula cyanoptera, Cassin, 311 Quiscalus macrurus, Sw., 300 sp., 300 Rallus semiplumbeus, Se/., n. sp-» 31 virginianus, 31 Ramphastos carinatus, Sw., 308 discolorus, Linn., 368 Ramphocelus, Desm., 127 affinis, Less., 130 atrisericeus, Lafr., 130 aurinotus, Scl., 131 _—— brasilius, Bp., 127 —— chrysonotus, Lafr., 131 coccineus, Vieill., 127 __. dimidiatus, Lafr., 129 _— dimidiatus, Lafr., 142 dorsalis, Bp., 127 —— flammigerus, Sel., 131 icteronotus, Bp., 131 jacapa, Less., 128 — Luciani, Lafr., 130 —— magnirostris, Lafr., 129 — nigrigularis, Bp., 128 —— Passerinii, Bp., 130 Passerinii, Bp., 142 —— purpureus, Vieill., 128 sanguinolentus, Bp., 132 sanguinolentus, Less., 303 unicolor, Sel., n. Sp-, 128 —— uropygialis, Bp., 130 varians, Lafr., 131 venezuelensis, Lafr., 129 Ramphopis, Vieill., 127 affinis, Gray, 130 atrisericeus, Gray, 130 atrococcineus, Sw., 128 brasilia, Gray, 127 —— coccinea, Sw., 127 _— dimidiatus, Gray, 129 — flammigerus, Jard., 131 icteronotus, Gray, 131 jacapa, Gray, 128 —— Luciani, Gray, 130 —_— melanogaster, Sw., 129 —— nigrigularis, Sw., 128 Passerinii, Bp., 131 Ranella celata, Gray, 44 triquetra, Nutt., 227 Rhimamphus estivus, L., 141 coronatus, Linn., 293 olivaceus, Giraud, 291 —— pensilis, Linn., 291 INDEX, 429 Rhimamphus virens, Gm., 29] Saltator rubicoides, Lafr., 120 Rhinocryptes amphibia, Peters et Miiller, 346 rubicus, Vieill., 119 —— rubicus, Cassin, 303 —— rufiventris, Lafr., 74 rufiventris, Vig., 72 —— similis, Lafr., 71 sordidus, Less., 77 —— Striatipectus, Lafr., 76 ——~ superciliaris, Cab., 72 —_ Superciliaris, Spix, 73 —— superciliaris, Licht., 74 validus, Vieill., 77 —— vigorsi, Gray, 72 virescens, Vieill., 70 Sanguinolaria Californiana, Conr., 212 miniata, Gould, 199 — Nuttaliii, Conr., 212 pacifica, Conr., 212 purpurea, Desh., 199 —— albicollis, Vieill., 75 rubroradiata, Conr., 212 arremonops, Jard., 80 Saperda leta, Fabr., 12 —— ater, Lafr., 67 Saturnia, 6 —— atriceps, Sel., 69 Saucerottia atala, Less., 140 atriceps, Less., 302 Derbianus, Kp., 297 —— atricollis, Vieill., 77 —— Nniveiventris, Gould, 140 —— aurantiirostris, Vieill., 74 —— rufipennis, Lafr., 297 —— Aazare, D’Ord., 73 sulphuratus, Gamb., 297 —— bicolor, Lafr., 79 Saxicava Californica, Conr., 214 —— cerulescens, Tsch., 72 carditoides, Conr., 214 —— cerulescens, Fieill., 73 Saxidomus, Conr., 215 —— eayennensis, D’Orb., 70 Giganteus, Desh., 215 —— eyanoptera, Vieill., 233 Nuttalii, Conr., 215 — elegans, Tsch., 78 Sayornis nigricans, Sw., 296 —— flavus, Vieill., 124 Scalaria Cumingii, Carp., n. sp., 165 — gigantoides, Cab., 69 —— Hindsii, Carp., n. sp., 165 —— grandis, Licht., 72 Lovenii, 4. Adams, n. sp., 1 —— Guadalupensis, Lafr., 76 —— regularis, Carp., n. sp., 164 —— gularis, Lafr., 74 —— subnodosa; Carp., n. sp., 165 —— gutluralis, Licht., 71 tiara, Carp., n. sp., 164 — icteropygius, Dubus, 70 Scardafella inca, Less., 309 —— icterophrys, Lafr., 72 Scardinius, Bonap., 374 —— Mmaculipectus, Lafr., 76 Schismotis excisa, Gray, n. §- et sp., 148 —— Mmagnoides, Lafr., 69 Schistochiamys, Reich., 68 magnoides, Latr., 142, 302 Abeillei, Scl., 67 —— magnus, Gray, 70 atra, Cab., 67 —— martinicensis, Bp., 76 capistrata, Scl., 67 —— maxillosus, Cab., 74 — fasciata, Scl., 68 —— melanoleucus, Vieill., 78 leucophea, Cab., 67 —,, Weculigera, Gould, 68 “—— melanopis, Vieill., 67 —— mutus, Sel., 72 Schizorhina Emilia, White, n. sp., 16 —— niger, Vieill., 121 Ide, White, n. sp., 16 —— nigrigenis, Sclater, 72 Sciuropterus alboniger, Hodgs., 403 —— olivascens, Cab., 71 —— caniceps, Gray, 402 —— olivascens, Vieill., 70 —— chrysothriz, Hodgs., 402 —— *renocensis, Lafr., 77 —— nobilis, Gray, 402 —— plumbeus, Bp., 71 senex, Hodgs., 402 Rhinolophus berniger, Hodgs., 394 tragatus, Hodgs., 394 Riphidoglossa, 10} Rhizomys badius, Hodgs., 403 Rhodeus, Agassiz, 374 Roliolide, 100 Rostrifere, 101 Rupellaria lamellifera, Conr., 214 Rusa Aristotelis, Gray, 405 — Dimorphe, Hodgs., 405 —— Hippelaphus, Gray, 405 Rusa Jarai, Hodgs., 405 Sabanea, 21 Sacalius indicus, Hodgs., 397 Saimaris Sciurea, 139 Saltator, Fieill., 69 —— psittacinus, Bp., 65 —— raptor, Gray, 69 — RieFeri, Gray, 78 —— ruéer, Vieill., 124 —— ruficapilla, Vieill., 67 Sciurus, 139 —— @stuans, Linn., 139 — Horsfieldi, Hodgs., 402 —— Lokriah, Hodgs., 402 —— Lokroides, Hodgs., 402 430 Sciurus M‘Clellandi, Horsf., 402 —— macrotis, Gray, n. sp., 341 —— macruroides, Hodgs., 402 Sclerurus caudacutus, 290 —— fuscus, Hartl., 290 —— mexicanus, Sel., 290 © Scolopacide, 310 Scolopax gigantea, Temm., 31 Scotophilus, Gray, 177 coromandelicus, Cuv., 394 Serobicularia biangulata, 213 —— Seychellarum, 4. Ads., n. sp., 53 —— viridotincta, Carp., u. sp., 160 Scurria mitra, Less., 222 — scurra, Gray, 222 Scutibranchia, 101 Scutibranchiata Rhipidoglossa, 44 Scytalopus prostheleucus, Sel., n. sp., 290 griseicollis, Lafr., 290 Selasphorus Heloise, Less., 288 —— platycercus, Sw., 288 Semele decisa, Conr., 213 flavescens, Gould, 199 —— planata, Carp., 0. Sp.; 160 —— proxima, 199 —— rubrolineata, Conr., 212 —— simplex, Ads., 212 Semnopithecus schistaceus, Hodgs., 393 Sepia octopodia, 133 Sericossypha, Less., 121 —— sumptuosa, Less., 121 Serinus jamaicensis, Briss., 230 Serpentarius orientalis, 352 —_ reptilivorus, Daud., 348 Setophaga albidiema, Lafr., 28 —— cinnamomeiventris, Lafr., 28 miniata, Sw., 292 picta, Sw., 292 —— rubra, Sw., 292 —— rufifrons, Sw., 291 —— ruticilla, Linn., 292 Sallei, Bp. et Scl., 292 Silia ceruleicollis, Vig., 293 occidentalis, Townh., 293 —— mexicana, Sw., 293 — Wilsoni, Sw., 293 Sigaretus debilis, Gould, 207 Siliqua, Meg., 211 —— lucida, Conr., 211 —— Nuttallii, Conr., 211 Simpulopsis Chiapensis, Pfr., n. sp., 377 — Cordovana, Pfr., n. sp.) 319 —— Salleana, Pfr., n.sp., 319 Siphonariade, 101 Siphonium, Bronne, 226 Siren lacertina, 345 Sitta carolinensis, Lath., 293 Sittasomus sylvioides, Lafr., 290 Sittine, 293 Solecardia eburnea, 209 Solecurtus Californianus, Conr., 212 — INDEX. Solecurtus lucidus, Conr., 211 —— maximus, Gould, 211 Nuttallii, Conr., 211 radiatus, Gould, 211 —— splendens, Chenu, 211 subteres, Conr., 212 Sorex aterrimus, Blyth, 400 caudatus, Hodgs., 400 —— leucops, Hodgs., 399 —— murinus, Linn., 399 nemorivagus, Hodgs., 400 —— pygmeus, Hodgs., 400 saturatior, Hodgs., 399 —— Sikimensis, Hodgs., 400 soccatus, Hodgs., 400 Soriculus nigrescens, Gray, 400 Spatula clypeata, 99 —— maculata, 95 rhynchotis, 95 — variegata, Gould, n.sp., 99 Spermagra erythrocephala, Sw., 125 Spermophila albigularis, 302 —— morelleti, Bp., 302 Sphenia Californica, Conr., 210 Sphenura ruficeps, Licht., 97 Spindalis, Jard. et Selby, 230 bilineatus, J. et S., 230 —— multicolor, Bp., 230 —— nigricephala, Bp., 230 Pretrei, Cab., 231 zena, Bp., 231 Spiraxis auriculacea, Pfr., 0. Sp., 320 —— biconica, Pfr., n. sp., 378 —— catenata, Pfr., n. sp., 378 dubia, Pfr., n. sp., 378 —— euptycta, Pfr., n. sp., 378 —— oblonga, Pfr., n. sp., 378 — obsoleta, Pfr., n. sp-, 339 —— parvula, Pfr., 0.Sp., 379 Sandwichensis, Pfr., 0. sp., 335 Shuttleworthi, Pfr., n. sp-, 320 turgidula, Pfr., n. sp., 320 Spiroglyphus, 226 Spiza ciris, Linn., 304 —— cyanea, Linn., 304 Spizella socialis, Wilson, 305 Spondylis, 9 Sporadinus auriceps, Gould, 287 —— caniveti, Less., 287 Stephanophorus, Strickl., 240 ceruleus, Strickl., 241 leucocephalus, Haril., 241 Stethodesma Servillei, White, n. sp., 15 Stomastoma, 99 Strigilla carnaria, Linn., 200 —— disjuncta, Carp., 0. Sp. 160 —— fucata, Gould, 200 miniata, Gould, 200 Strongylus filaria, 53 Sturnella hippocrepis, Wagl., 30, 301 Ludoviciana, Linn., 29, 142 Sturnide, 300 Stylocerus Ratwa, Hodgs., 405 Succinea asperula, Pfr., n. sp., 826 —— Oregonensis, Lea, 220 — Pfeifferi, 186 —— Planti, Pfr., n. sp., 326 Sula australis, 145 —— bassana, 145 capensis, 145 eyanops, 145 —— fusca, Vieill., 144 —— piscatrix, L., 145 variegata, 145 Sus Aper, Hodgs., 406 — indicus, Gray, 406 — scrofa, var. Indicus, Horsf. , 406 Sylvia melanoxantha, Licht., 110 —— olivacea, Giraud, 291 —— ruficapilla, Vieill., 111 Sylvicola teniata, Dubus, 291 Sylviorthorhynchus, 26 Synallaxis albescens, Temm., 98 Azare, D’Orb., 98 — brunnea, Gould, 99 —— caniceps, Sel., n. sp., 98 —— cinereus, Max., 97 —— cinnamomeus, Lafr., 26 —— elegans, Seater, n. sp., 25 — erythrothoraz, Scl., 288 —— flavigularis, Gould, 99 —— fuliginosus, Lafr., 26 —— gularis, Lafr., 26 —— modesta, Eyton, 99 —— mesta, Selater, n. sp., 26 olivascens, Eyton, 97 —— ruficapilla, Vieill., 25 —— ruficapilla, Vieill., 97 —— ruficapilla, Reich., 98 —— ruficeps, Spix, 98 —— sordida, Less., 99 —— Spixi, Selater, n. sp., 98 unirufus, Lafr., 26 Syncera hepatica, Gray, 20 Syornis, Reichenbach, 58 Syrnium squamulatum, Bp., 285 virgatum, Cassin, 285 zonocercus, Gray, 285 Tachypetes aquila, L., 144 Tachyphonus, Vieill., 113 —— albitemporalis, Lafr., 89 —— axillaris, Gray, 68 beauperthuyi, Bp., 113 —— canigularis, Lafr., 90 capistratus, Gray, 67 —— chloricierus, Vieill., 122 coronatus, Se/., 114 —— corypheus, Gray, 114 —— cristatus, Vieill., 115 —— Delattrii, Zafr., 116 elegans, Less., 238 —— flavinucha, Lafr., 238 INDEX. 431 Tachyphonus flavipectus, Lafr., 90 lacrimosus, Dubus, 242 —— leucopterus, Vieill., 113 —— loricatus, Gray, 121 —— luctuosus, Zafr., 114 lunulatus, Gray, 241 —— melaleucus, Se/., 113 —— nigerrimus, Sw., 113 ochropygos, Cab., 115 olivicyaneus, Gray, 237 palmarum, Vieill., 84 —— penicillatus, Gray, 117 —— pheeniceus, Sw., 116 —— quadricolor, Vieill., 117 —— ruber, Vieill., 120 —— ruficeps, Strickl., 108 —— ruficeps, Lafr. 112 —— ruficollis, D’Orb., 113 — rufigularis, Lafr., 269 —— rufiventer, Stricki., 115 sanguinolentus, Less., 132 saucius, Strickl., 116 - serrirostris, Strickl., 116 suchii, Sw., 117 —— sumptuosus, Less., 238 —— Surinamus, Se/., 114 —— teniatus, Boiss., 237 —— tenuirostris, Gray, 114 —— Valerii, Scl., 114 —— versicolor, Lafr., 119 — Victorini, Lafr., 238 —— Vigorsi, Sw., 114 —— xanthopygius, Sel., 116 Tenioglossa, 43, 101 Talpa cryptura, Blyth, 399 —— micrura, Hodgs., 399 Tanagra, Linn., 231 abbas, Licht., 235 —— e@stiva, Gm., 123 afjinis, Less., 274 albirostris, Bodd., 128 analis, Tsch., 243 archiepiscopus, Desm., 234 argentata, Gray, 233 argentea, Lafr., 255 —— arthus, Less., 251 —— assimilis, Boiss., 85 atra, Gmel., 67 —— atricapilla, Gmel., 118 —— atricapilla, Lafr., 259 atricollis, Spix, 77 aureata, Vieill., 272 auricapilla, Spix., 117 auricrissa, Scl., 236 aurulenta, Lafr., 250 —— axillaris, Spix, 68 barbadensis, Kuhl., 256 bonariensis, Max., 121 brasilia, Linn., 127 brasiliensis, Linn., 256 brunnea, Spix, 115 432 Tanagra cana, Swains., 232 capistrata, Max., 67 eayana, Linn., 252, 279 , D’Orb., 254 cayennensis, Gm., 279 chalybea, Mikan, 276 chlorocyanea, Vieill., 279 chloroptera, Vieill., 253 chlorotica, Linn., 273 chrysocome, Licht., 238 279 chrysolopha, Bp., 243 citrinella, Terom., 247 —— celestis, Spix, 232 —— columbiana, Jard., 125 — conspicillata, Bp., 67 constantii, Boiss., 241 coryphea, Licht., 114 cristata, Gm., 115 cyanicollis, D’Orb., 262 cyanilia, Bp., 233 cyanocephala, Vieill., 247 — cyanocephala, Gray, 236 cyanomelas, Max., 268 —— cyanoptera, Bp., 233 cyanoventris, Vieill., 247 —— cucullata, Jard., 239 —— Darwini, Bp., 235 Desmaresti, Sw., 115 diaconus, Less., 142, 303 —— diaconus, Sel., 233 diademata, Mik., 241 Dubusia, Bp., 243 duplicata, Lath., 78 elegans, Max., 247 —— episcopus, Linn., 231 —— episcopus, Hartl., 233 erythromelas, Licht., 126 erythrotis, Less., 241 eximia, Boiss., 240 Fasciata, Licht., 68 Fastuosa, Less., 246 JSestiva, Shaw, 246 flava, Gmel., 253 Jlammiceps, Temm., 119 Jlavifrons, Lath., 271 Jlavinucha, Bp., 238 flaviventris, Vieill., 257 Jflavivertex, Lafr., 238 Formosa, Vieill., 253 —— frugilegus, Tsch., 235 —— fumigata, Temm., 113 —— glauca, Gray, 232 graminea, Spix, 250 grandis, Licht., 72 —— gubernatrix, Temm., 115 gyrola, Linn., 255 gyrola, Max., 254 hirundinacea, Less., 112 ignescens, Less., 128 chrysogaster, Cuy., 235, 272, INDEX. Tanagra igniventris, Tsch., 241 inornata, Sw., 233 —— iridina, Hart)., 267 jacapa, Linn., 128 jugularis, Licht., 77 labradorides, Boiss., 262 leucocampter, Licht., 116 — leucocephaila, Vieill., 241 — leucophea, Licht., 67 loricata, Licht., 121 LIudoviciana, Wilson, 125 lunulata, Dub., 241 magna, Gmel., 70 maximiliani, D’Orb., 236 melanonota, Vieill., 265. melanopis, Lath., 67 melanoptera, Hartl., 235 melanotha, Vieill., 265 mexicana, Linn., 257 mississipiensis, Gm., 123 montana, D’Orb., 239 multicolor, Vieill., 230 musica, Vieill., 271 muta, Licht., 72 nigerrima, Gmel., 113 nigricephala, Jameson, 230 nigricollis, Gmel., 109 , Vieill., 272 — nigrigula, Bodd., 109 —— nigrogularis, Spix, 128 nigroviridis, Lafr., 260 noir, Desm., 113 notabilis, Jard., 239 occipitalis, Natt., 66 olivacea, Vieill., 274 olivascens, Licht., 234 , Tsch., 235 olivicyanea, Lafr., 237 ornata, Sparm., 234 palmarum, Maw., 234 palmarum, Scl., 235 palpebrosa, Lafr., 242 —— partialis, Temm., 115 Parzudakii, Lafr., 263 —— penicillata, Spix, 117 peruviana, Desm., 254 —— pileata, Bodd., 109 porphyrio, Licht., 119 prelata, Less., 233 prasina, Less., 78 Pretrei, Less,, 231 , Lafr., 270 —— psittacina, Spix, 64 punctata, Linn., 248 —— Riefferi, Boiss., 78 roux, Less., 67 rubra, Linn., 123 rubricollis, Spix, 121 , Temm., 247 —— rubrigularis, Spix, 121 rufa, Bodd., 113 TEEPE TTT TT ee Tanagra ruficervix, Bp., 259 —— ruficollis, Gm., 269 —— rufiventer, Spix, 115 —— rufiventris, Licht., 279 saira, Spix, 124 sanguinolenta, Less., 132 sayaca, Linn., 233 — — , Tsch., 232 —— schistacea, Boiss., 88 Schrankii, Spix, 248 — selysia, Bp., 237 —— semiruja, Boiss., 88 serioptera, Sw., 232 septicolor, Desm., 244 —— silens, Bodd., 80 —— speculifera, Temm., 110 — striata, Gm., 235 —— sumptuosa, Bp., 238 —— superciliaris, Max., 71 » Spix, 72 —— Swainsoni, Gray, 232 — fatao, Linn., 244 , Max., 246 —— thoracica, Temm., 237 — trichroa, Licht., 247 tricolor, Gm., 246 varia, Vieill., 267 variegata, Lath., 123 — Vassorii, Boiss., 264 vegeta, Licht., 122 vicaria, Less., 235 — Victorini, Bp., 238 — violacea, Lint., 277 , Gm., 273 — virens, Strickl., 233 - — viridis, Spix, 122 — ——,, Vieill., 269 —— vittata, Temm., 265 —— yeni, D’Orb., 245 —— zena, D’Orb., 231 —— —-, Gosse, 230 —— zenoides, DesMurs, 230 e —— (Aglaia) diaconus, Less., 33 —— (Saltator) evimia, Less., 240 Tanagrella, Swains., 267 — calophrys, Bp., 268 — cyanomelas, Bp., 268 — elegantissima, Verr., 267 —— iridina, Gray, 267 —— multicolor, Sw., 268 — rujicollis, Gray, 269 — rufigula, Bp., 250 — tenuirostris, Sw., 268 — velia, Bp., 267 Tanagrine, 30, 302 Tapes gracilis, Gould, n. sp., 200 straminea, Conr., 215 — tenerrima, Carp., n.sp., 200 —— tumida, Conr., n. sp., 214 Tardivola macroura, Cab., 30 INDEX. Tatao, Bp., 244 Jastuosus, Bp., 246 Sestiva, Bp., 247 — larvatus, Bp., 260 —— paradisea, Bp., 244 . —— tricolor, Bp., 246 yeni, Bp., 245 Taxidea leucura, Hodgs., 398 Tegula pellis-serpentis, Gray, 44 Tellina alta, Conr., 213 edentula, Brod., 213 — gemma, Gould, 200 —— ligamentina, Desh., 213 —— miniata, Gould, 199 —— nasuta, Conr., 213 pura, Gould, 199 secta, Conr., 213 tersa, Gould, 199 Terebra arguta, Gould, 206 Terebratula caput-serpentis, 368 Testudo elongata, Blyth, 181 —— gopher, 181 greca, 182 —— Horsfieldi, Gray, 182 tabulata, 181 Deshayesii, Carp., n.sp., 160 433 Thamnophilus Bridgesi, Sel., n. sp., 141 doliatus, Linn., 141, 295 melanurus, Gould, 142 Thaumastura Duponti, Less., 288 Thaumasus, Reich., 10 gigas, Oliv., 10 Thaumatias candidus, Boure., 287 Thlypopsis, Cab., 108, 112 — fulvescens, Cab., 112 Sulviceps, Cab., 112 Thracia curta, Conr., 210 Thraupis, Boie, 231 cana, Cab., 232 ~* —— cyanocephala, Cab., 236 —— cyanoptera, Cab., 234 — episcopus, Cab., 232 — glaucocolpa, Cab., 233 —— olivascens, Cab., 234 — ornata, Cab., 234 — sayaca, Cab., 234 — vicarius, Cab., 235 Thryothorus maculipectus, Lafr., 290 —_ rufalbus, Lafr., 140 Thylacurus, Licht., 134 Tiaris olivaceus, Cass., 304 — pusillus, Sw., 304 Tinamide, 310 Tinnunculus sparverius, Linn., 284 Tityra habia, Gray, 78 —— mexicana, Less., 141, 297 Tityrine, 297 Todirostrum cinereigulare, Scl., n.sp.,295 — cinereum, Linn., 141 Tomigerus Venezuelensis, P/r., n. sp., 36 Tornatellina Gouldi, Pfr., n. sp., 335 No. CCCXXVI.**—ProcrepinGs or THE ZOOLOGICAL SociETyY. 434 Tornatellina Newcombi, P/r., n. sp., 335 perforata, Pfr., n. sp., 336 Tornatina culcitella, Gould, 203 —- cerealis, Gould, 203 — inculta, Gould, 203 Torneutes, Reich., 10 Totanus solitarius, Wilson, 310 Trayocephala, Dup., 12 angolator, Oliv., 12 — Buquetiana, White, n.sp., 14 —— Chevrolatii, White, n. sp., 13 —— comitessa, White, n.sp., 13 ducalis, White, n.sp., 13 formosa, Oliv., 12 Galathea, Chevr., 12 gemmaria, White, n. sp., 14 —— Guerinii, White, n. sp., 14 —— Lucia, Newm., 12 —— nobilis, Fab., 12 picta, Klug., 14 — pulchella, Westw., 12 — scenica, Dej., 14 —— tenuicornis, Chevr., 14 trifasciella, 12 variegata, Bert., 12 Trichas Delafieldi, Aud., 293 marilandica, Linn., 292 —— personata, Sw., 292 Trichothraupis, Cabanis, 116 — albicollis, Cab., 118 — penicillata, Scl., 118 quadricolor, Cad., 117 Trichotropis Gouldii, 4.4dams, n.sp.,369 Trictenotoma, G. R. Gray, 8, 9 znea,. Parry, 9 — Childrenii, G. R. Gray, 9 Grayii, F. Smith, 9 Templetoni, Westw., 9 Triforis Macandree, 4. Adams, n. sp., 1 Triglyphidia, Reich., 269 Trigona, Megerle, 215 crassatelloides, Conr., 216 tantilla, Gould, 201 Trigonella, Conr., 215 Trigonophorus Delessertii, 15 — Hookeri, White, n.sp., 14 Tringa pectoralis, Say, 310 —— pusilla, Wilson, 311 Tringoides, 310 Triomphalia, Sow., 209 Triton, 21, 342 —— Chemnitzii, Gray, 209 crebristriatus, Carp., n. sp., 165 cristata, 346 —— perforatus, Conr., 209 Tritoniada, 43 Triumphis distorta, Gray, 41 Trochide, 44, 100, 138 Trochilus colubris, Linn., 287 Cuvieri, Delattre, 140 'rochiscus Norrisit, Sow., 224 INDEX. Trochus aureotinctus, Forbes, 224 —— castaneus, Forbes, 224 cateniferus, Pol., 224 doliarius, Gould, 224 filosus, Wood, 224 flammiger, Dunker, n.sp., 355 —— flavidus, Dunker, n. sp., 354 gallina, Forbes, 224 —— ligatus, Gould, 224 luridus, Nutt., 224 —— marcidus, Gould, 204 —— pallidulus, Dunker, n.sp., 355 pallidus, Nutt., 224 picoides, Gould, 204 —— undosus, Wood, 224 virgineus, Chemn., 224 (Monodonta) pyriformis, Gould, 204 Troglodytes, 369 hyemailis, Vieill., 290 —— palustris, Wilson, 290 Trogon aurantiiventris, Gould, n. sp., 107, 139, 285 caligatus, Gould, 286 —- collaris, Vieill., 368 —— Eytoni, Fraser, n. sp., 368 —— puella, Gould, 107, 286 resplendens, Gould, 139 Sallei, Bp., 286 —— wxalapensis, Dubus, 286 Trogonide, 286 Trophon Morrisi, Dunker, n. sp., 356 Truncatella, Risso, 21 Truncatella, Gray, 22, 24 —— Barbadensis, Pfr., n. sp., 337 —— Ceylanica, Pfr., n. sp., 336 — littorea, 24 —— Montagui, 24 —— teres, Pfr., n.sp., 336 truncatula, 21 Turaccena truncatula, Gould, n. sp., 136 Turbinida, 44 Turbo Francesie, 20, 23 Turbonide, 100 Turdine, 294 Turdus aurantiirostris, Hartl., 294 Grayi, Bp., 294 helvolus, Licht., 294 —— migratorius, Linn., 294 —— mustelinus, Gm., 294 —— palmarum, Linn., 84 —— Surinamus, Linn., 115 —— tristis, Sw., 294 Tylodina atlantia, 46 —— citrina, Joannis, 46 —— punctulata, 45 —— Rafinesquii, Philippi, 45 Tylodinade, 45 Typhis tetrapterus, Gray, 41 Tyrannide, 295 Tyrannula cayennensis, Sw., 296 coronata, Sw., 296 » INDEX. Tyrannula sulphureipygia, Scl., n. sp., 296 Tyrannulus elatus, Spix, 141 —— nigricans, Sw., 296 rufipectus, Less., 28 Tyrannus audax, Gm., 297 Cooperi, Nutt., 297 melancholicus, Vieill., 141, 297 Umbrella mediterranea, 46 ovalis, Carp., n. sp., 161 Umbrellade, 46 Uneia Charltoni, Gray, 396 Irbis, Gray, 395 Urubitinga, 145 Urubitinge, 145 Urubitornis, Verr., n. g., 145 — solitaria, Verr., 145 Urva cancrivora, Hodgs., 397 Valvata, 20 piscinalis, 186 Valvate, 346 Varicella Cordovana, Pfr., n. sp., 321 —— Guadeloupensis, Pf-., n. sp., 335 — Orizabe, Pfr., n. sp., 320 —— speciosa, Pfr., n.sp., 321 Venerupis cordieri, Desh., 214 Venus Californiensis, Brod., 206 —— dispar, Gould, 215 ‘ —— excavata, Carp., n.sp., 216 —— lamellifera, Conr., 214 —— leucodon, Sow., 216 —— Nuttallii, Conr., 216 —— straminea, Conr., 215 —— tantilla, Gould, 201 Vermetus varians, D’Orb., 315 Vespertilio, 175 coromandelicus, Lesch., 394 Darjelingensis, Hodgs., 394 —— papillosus, Temm., 178 —— picta, 175 —— siligorensis, Hodgs., 394 — suillus, Temm., 180, 394 —— vulpinus, Temm., 180 Vespertilionide, 173 Vireo solitarius, Wilson, 298 Vireonine, 298 Vireosylvia flavoviridis, Cass., 298 gilva, Vieill., 298 Vitrina Borneensis, Pfr., n. sp., 324 —— Celebensis, Pfr., n.sp., 325 —— Comorensis, Pfr., n.sp., 325 ~—— Darnaudi, Pfr., n. sp., 325 435 Vitrina Flemingi, Pfr., n. sp., 324 —— Ide, Pfr., n. sp., 325 ~— leucospira, Pfr., n. sp., 326 —— Planti, Pfr, n.sp., 324 —— sennaariensis, Pfr., n.sp., 325 spiruloides, Carp., n.sp., 169 Viverra Zibetha, Linn., 396 Viverricula indica, Geoftr., 396 malaccensis, Gray, 396 Volatinia Jacarina, Linn., 304 Volsella arata, Dunker, n. sp., 361 —— flavida, Dunker, n. sp., 364 —— Fortunei, Dunker, n. sp., 361 —— glaberrima, Dunker, n. sp., 363 gubernaculum, Dunker, n. sp., 361 —— inconstans, Dunker, n. sp., 363 —— Japonica, Dunker, n. sp., 363 —— perfragilis, Dunker, n. sp., 362 —— setigera, Dunker, n. sp., 364 —— splendida, Dunk., n. sp., 365 —— subpurpurea, Dunk., n. sp., 362 —— subsulcata, Dunk., n. sp., 364 —— subtorta, Dunk., n. sp., 365 —— tristis, Dunker, n. sp., 362 undulata, Dunk., n. sp., 363 Voluta Africana, Reeve, n.sp., 2 —— Americana, Reeve, n. sp., 2 —— Cathcartiz, Reeve, n. sp., 2 —— denticulata, 22 —— festiva, 3 —— Hebrea, 3 Pacifica, 2 Vulpes bengalensis, Shaw, 397 —— ferrilatus, Hodgs., 397 —— indicus, Hodgs. 397 montanus, Pears., 397 Xanthornus affinis, Towns., 301 Xenops genibarbis, 289 —— mexicanus, Scl., n. sp., 289 —— rutilans, Temm., 27 | Xtphorhynchus flavigaster, Sw., 289 Yoldia lepidula, 4. Adams, n. sp., 50 Yphantes baltimorensis, Linn., 142 Ypophea, Bp., 271 Zenaida leucoptera, Linn., 309 — pentheria, Bp., 30 ruficauda, G. R. Gray, 30 Zenaidura carolinensis, Linn., 309 Ziziphinus annulatus, Ads., 224 Zonotrichia aureigula, Bp., 86 —— mystacalis, Hart]., 305 Zua lubrica, 186 FINIS, PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. PART XXV. 1857. PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY ; SOLD AT THEIR HOUSE IN HANOVER-SQUARE, AND BY MESSRS. LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN AND LONGMANS, PATERNOSTER-ROW. y TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, PRINTED B FLEET STREET- RED LION COURT, LIST CONTRIBUTORS, With References to the several Articles contributed by each. Barkier, Dr. Batrour, F. Roy. Geogr. Soc. page On the Skull of a Manatus from Western Africa ...... 29 On the species of Crocodilus inhabiting the rivers Kwéra and Binué (Niger and Tsidda) in Central Africa ........ 48 On the Skull of a species of Mecistops inhabiting the river Binué or Tsddda, in Central Africa ...... Pt salt Goo 57 BartTuett, A. D. Description of Chinese Sheep sent to H.R.H. Prince Albert, by Rutherford Alcock, Esq., H.M. Vice-Consul at Shanghai: and presented by His me aaiiks to the Zoological Society in April 1855 . Been Ns 5 Fm » tr Pogh oaks 42th oa hia pe «al Sie eee tt Sey ot wt ; - = % ¥ me 7 é Ape HOGA). 2 a ina U al ‘to nas hor ey | a CNS canis Oo ae Umar seghise a: Seat NaS? < lee Fee ‘ : : LIST OF PLATES. 1857. MAMMALIA. Plate Page LI. Manatus Vogelit?, Owen... 1... cece reve cern eenaes 29 LII. Shanghai Sheep........-.eeeeee reece renee eens 104 LIII. Scotophilus tuberculatus, Forster .......++.+++++- 134 LIV. Mystacina tuberculata, Gray ......-- fisedeetastte aiohavars 134 LV. Oryx Beatrix, Gray 1... 66. c eect eee eee eens 157 LVI. Lepus nigripes, Bartlett ............ sce e cree eeee 159 hns 0 32 of the tragzus ,... ...wmguws 0 2 of the fore-arm.......... 1 34 1 3 of the longest finger ...... 2 4 2 3 of the fourth finger ...... Lii9 aie of the thumb, about...... 0 23 of the tibia _,..:,.. ee eT 0 53 of the foot and claws...... 0 31 0. 33 Expanse of wings ...... 9 0 ae Hab. China. 3. VESPERTILIO CHINENSIS, 0. S. Top of the head very slightly elevated ; muzzle rather thick ; ears narrow, ovoid; tragus narrow, nearly straight and pointed ; wing-membranes extending to the base of the toes ; toes longer than the remaining portion of the foot. In its general forms this species bears considerable resemblance to V. murinus of Europe, but the ears are much narrower. It is also somewhat larger; and if we except the V. maximus from South America, is the largest true Vespertilio known*. * The specimens of V. murinus that I have made use of for comparison with this species, have been received from various parts of the continent of Europe, from 53 . The top of the head is elevated only to a very moderate extent, and the face is rather long and thick. The nostrils are slightly tubular, and open sublaterally. The ears are of a longish oval form, not emarginate, but narrowed towards the tips. They bear greater resemblance to those of V. Nattereri than to those of any other species with which I am acquainted, but are relatively more narrow towards the ends. The tragus is narrowish at its base, from which it expands to near its middle, which is the widest part. From this it tapers to an acute point, having a slight inward tendency. The wing-membranes extend to the base of the toes, and the latter are longer than the remaining part of the foot, just asin V. murinus and V’. formosa, Hodgs. The forehead is hairy, and the hair extends nearly to the end of the nose. On the upper lip is a thick moustache, the space around the eye being the only part of the face which is naked. The fur is longish, fine in texture, and rather cottony, but not very thick. It does not anywhere encroach on the membranes. All the upper parts are very dark brown, with the extreme tips of the hairs a little paler. Beneath, nearly similar, but the tips of the hairs are pale grey-brown on the breast and belly, whilst the sides of the body and pubal region are almost black. The membranes are very dark. Length of the head and body, about ...... 3at9 of the tail ...... shncideirs? ele whine Dys 2 Of the headwel. od. co.y ou. Adie box 1 0 pt Phelearsoad Slack Lantorwd wii dth 0 8 of the tragus ............ paclaga’ Ws oe ofthe iforg-ariny 3 2668 sun). das 2 5ior6 of the longest finger ......... 4 0 of the fourth finger .. orca MOREY op of the thumb...... GING! PHIG 0 6 or 64 OF Ghee LUI. foo. cist herciee vorevave Moe ae tO] of the foot and claws...... Wh, Dat 00: 7 Expanse of wings, about.......... =i es gp 16 0 Hab. China, collected by Mr. Fortune. | 4, VESPERTILIO BLYTHII, n. s. Ears ovoid, somewhat pointed, their ends sloping outwards. Tragus narrow and tapering to a subacute point. Crown mo- derately elevated. Feet large, wholly disengaged from the wing-membranes. In form and proportion this species resembles Vesp. macropus, Gould, from Australia, and in colour is somewhat like V. ferrugineus, Temm., from South America, both having the same subgeneric cha- Algeria, and from Nubia. Those from Switzerland are the only ones that appear to approach it in size; but even they, although perfectly adult, are decidedly smaller, whilst the species I am describing presents indications of youth in the imperfectly ossified condition of the finger-joints. 54 racters as V. Hasseltii, V. Carolii, V. Daubentonii, and V. dasy- cnemus. To the restricted group of which the above are representatives, Prince C. L. Bonaparte has given the name of Cappacinius, whilst Dr. Gray distinguishes it by the name of Trilatitius. The crown is moderately elevated, and the snout is of medium length and substance. The ears are oval, somewhat pointed, and have their tips directed a little outwards. The tragus is narrow, and tapers evenly to a subacute point, which has a very slight outward tendency. The wing-membranes extend only to the distal extremity of the tibia, leaving the feet wholly disengaged. The latter are large, and have the toes longer than the remaining part of the foot. On the interfemoral membrane may be observed about eight strongly marked transverse lines. The tip of the tail is free for the length of its terminal joint. The wings are ample and broad, as the length of the fingers re- latively to each other, and to the abhen dimensions, as given below, will testify. The fur of the forehead approaches to near the end of the nose, but around the eyes the face is nearly naked, and the upper lip is destitute of a moustache. All the membranes are naked. The fur is long, rather soft, and inclining to silky on the upper parts. On the whole of the upper surface of the body it is dark brown at the root, with its terminal half cinnamon-brown, brightest on the rump, and tinged with grey on the head andneck. Beneath it is dark at its base, with its terminal half brownish-white. Both above and beneath, the bicoloured character of the fur is conspicuous, and, as already mentioned, bears some resemblance in this respect to that of V. ferrugineus. “ “ Length of the head and es about 2 3 of the tail . litasa lol-—O-en 10 bof the head, 33. satus Line jad euil 0 10? ——— of the ears.......... cece eee eee 0 735 a OL Ce ISR UE 6c co ce te hala 0 4 ——— of the fore-arm................ 2 2o0r3 ——— of the longest finger............ 3 10 ——— of the fourth finger ............ 3 0 ——— of the thumb.................. 0 5 of the fbi A.) LY VIAGAT. Pee 0 11 of the foot and claws .......... 0 64 EXparise OF WIA 6 5:0 iss) nt ning aes 15 0 Hab. A single specimen in the British Museum Collection is labelled “ India, Nassenabad, from Mr. Warwick, 1848,” and, . be- lieve, was collected by Capt. Boys. CSS dd March 24, 1857. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., in the Chair. The following papers were read :— 1. On rue Nest anv EcGs or THE WAxwinG (BompyciLLa GARRULA, TemnM.). By Joun Wox.ey, Jun., Esa. (Aves, Pl. CX XII.) The Waxwing, as observed in Lapland, makes a good-sized and substantial nest, but without much indication of advanced art. It is of some depth, and regularly shaped, though built of rather intrac- table materials. As in those of many other birds in the Arctic forests, the main substance is of the kind of lichen commonly called tree-hair, which hangs so abundantly from the branches of almost every tree. This lichen somewhat resembles a mass of delicate root- lets, or perhaps may be compared to coarse brown wool; but some of it is whitish, and in one nest there is a little of this mixed with the ordinary brown or black. This main substance of the nest is strengthened below by a platform of dead twigs, afd higher up to- wards the interior by a greater or less amount of flowering stalks of grass, and occasionally pieces of equisetum. It is also interspersed with a little rein-deer lichen, perhaps a sprig or two of green moss, and even some pieces of willow cotton. There may also be observed a little of the very fine silvery-looking fibre of grass leaves which probably have been reduced to that condition by long soaking in water. In oneof the nests examined there were several pen-feathers of small birds as an apology for a lining. Of other nests which are to be found:in the same forest, it most resembles, but is considerably less, than that of the Siberian Jay, which however is less securely put together, but has many more feathers and soft materials for a lining. The nest of the Waxwing is built on the branch of a tree, not near the bole, and rather, as one of the observers has said, standing up from the branch like a Fieldfare’s or other Thrush’s nest, than supported by twigs touching it at the sides, as the nests of many birds are supported. Of six nests, four were in small Spruces, one in a good-sized Scotch fir, and one in a Birch—all placed at a height of from 6 to 12 feet above the ground. The tree in several instances was unhealthy, thin and scraggy in its branches, to which there hung a good deal of hair lichen; and the nest seems generally much ex- posed, though from its resemblance to the lichen hanging near, it might escape the eye. The nests found were in parts of the forest considerably open, once or twice on the side of low hills, near a river, or with an undergrowth of dwarf swamp-loving shrubs. But at present we have scarcely enough examples to show that there is a preference for any particular kind of ground. Five seems to be the ordinary number of eggs; in one nest only 56 there were as many as six. They have a pale salmon(?)-coloured ground, upon which are distributed pretty equally good-sized purple spots, some with more and some with less deep colour, but nearly all of them having a shade or penumbra, such as is common especially in eggs of the Chaffinch. The only very marked variety I have yet seen, has short streaks and much smaller and more numerous spots than usual, of which markings a considerable proportion are of a pale yellowish-brown. The eggs may be about an inch in length, but hardly enough have been obtained to determine the average di- mensions. Marked differences in size in the eggs of the same nest have not yet been observed ; but, as with other birds, we find that one nest may have all its eggs considerably larger than those of an- other nest. In the backward and cold spring of 1856, Waxwings had their full complement of eggs about the 12th of June. The writer abstains for the present from offering any remarks on the distribution of this bird in the breeding season, hoping that upon this subject, as upon the habits of the Waxwing in the summer, he may hereafter have some more complete observations to communi- cate. : Youne or THE Waxwine. A young bird caught on the 5th of August, as it fluttered from the nest, had a general resemblance to the adult, though all the co- lours were more dull. The wax-like ends to the wing-feathers, the yellow tip to the tail, the black patch between the eye and the beak are all there, whilst the rich mahogany of the under tail-coverts is of a quieter brown; the blooming vinous colour of the head and back has not yet emerged from a homely neutral, and the crest is but just indicated by the longish feathers of the crown. The most marked difference between the adult and young is in the throat and under surface generally. There is at present scarcely a trace of the deep black patch of the chin, and the delicate tint of the general under surface of the adult is replaced by mottled neutral and white. This upon examination is found to owe its appearance to those longer webs, which arising towards the root of each feather, extend as far outwards as the webs which arise nearer its tip, being very pale or white, and thus relieving, on both sides, the last mentioned darker webs. Laprtanp Own. Strix lapponica, Temm. Two nests of the Lap Owl were found in Finnish Lapland in 1856. In one near Sodankyla there were two eggs, and when one of the birds was shot, a third egg was found ready for exclusion. They were placed on the jagged end of the stump of a large Scotch fir, about 12 feet from the ground, at which spot the tree had been snapped across by some storm, the upper part not yet entirely sepa- rated, but sloping downwards till the greater part of its weight was supported by the ground. The other nest was near the Aunasjoki, at the top of a lowish Scotch fir. Some time previously in the same year a bird had 57 been shot at this spot, which was found to be a female with eggs in- side. The nest was not observed until after the shot was fired. At the second visit on the 28th of May, there were two eggs in the nest, and again a bird was shot, which turned out to be a new female with a fully-formed egg inside, through which the bullet had passed. The skin is now in England. The birds seemed on both occasions remarkably fearless. The eggs are smoother, and, as might be expected, considerably smaller than those of the Eagle Owl. The dimensions of the two in the last-mentioned nest are 2 in. x 1°6 in. and 2°1 in. x 1°65 in. At the meeting of Scandinavian naturalists in Christiania last sum- mer, before I heard of these two nests having been found, I was able to announce that the Lap Owl generally makes its nest on the top of a stump. I had received several reliable accounts from different woodsmen, but had never found a nest myself, or been able to get the eggs, which indeed have, I believe, hitherto been unknown to ornithologists. It appears that three is the ordinary number of eggs. TrencMALM’s Own. Strix Tengmalmi, Gmel., lays its eggs in holes of trees and occasionally in egg-boxes. When once established it cannot easily be made to leave its quarters, and it can, as it is said, keep possession against a much larger bird; yet from the present nest (the only one I have had the good fortune to meet with), after having laid four eggs, the mother was ejected by a Golden Eye. The dimensions of the egg accompanying this paper are 1°32 in. x 1°05. Muoniovara, February 2nd, 1857. 2. On THE SKULL OF A SPECIES OF MECISTOPS INHABITING THE River Binvé or Tsappa, In CentTRAL AFRICA. By Dr. Batrour Baixtz, F.R.Geogr.S., etc. The genus Mecistops, from the fewness of its numbers and the retired localities which it inhabits, is but little known, scarcely any mention of it being found in zoological writings. It was first distin- guished as a species of Crocodilus by Cuvier, from a specimen still preserved in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons in Lon- don, and which he named C. cataphractus. Since that time two other species have been described, M. Bennettw or M. leptorhynchus from Western Africa, and M. Journe?, said to be from New Guinea. With the exception of this latter species it is quite an African genus, inhabiting the various rivers falling into the Atlantic. In the ‘ Pro- ceedings of the Zoological Society’ for 1535, p. 128, the C. lepto- rhynchus of Bennett is said to have come from Fernando Po; but I should think that this, except established on undoubted authority, must be incorrect, chiefly because in that island the physical condi- tions requisite for its existence are wanting. Fernando Po is a small volcanic island, totally without the muddy rivers delighted in by 58 Crocodilide, and possessing nothing beyond streams which, during the rainy season, are tumultuous mountain torrents with rocky beds. It is much more likely that the specimen alluded to was obtained from some of the numerous rivers opening into the Bight of Biafra, opposite to Fernando Po, and that it came to England vid Fernando Po, that island being a common point of call for vessels on their way home. In August 1854, while at the town of Ojogo on the river Binué, my assistant procured from a native the skull of a Mecistops ; and as this was the only occasion on which I met with its remains, and as I never saw one in the river, I conclude that it is there a comparatively scarce species. I have since described the animal to Dr. Barth, who informs me that during his lengthened wanderings he never remem- bers to have met with it. Crocodiles again were everywhere to be seen, and in many places most abundant. The skull seems from its appearance to be that of an adult animal. Its extreme length is 22} inches, the greatest breadth being 94 inches, or nearly in the proportion of 2} tol. From this it may be inferred to be most probably M. cataphractus, that being the proportion of the length to the breadth in that species, while in M. Bennettii (if distinct) it is said to be as 3 tol. It has seventeen alveolar sockets on each side of the upper jaw, and fifteen in the lower, in which par- ticulars it agrees with the characters originally given by Cuvier in the ‘Ossemens Fossiles,’ “la longueur de sa téte étant comprise deux fois et demie dans sa largeur,” * * * ‘On lui compte dix sept dents de chaque cété 4 la machoire supérieure et quinze al inférieure,”’ 4 ed. tom. ix. p.116. In each are intermaxillary sockets ; but for vari- ous reasons I am inclined to believe that this is the case only in the adult, and that in the young animal there are five intermaxillary teeth on each side. The ninth remaining upper tooth is the most prominent, and it is distant from the extremity of the snout 7x inches. In all essentials the skull of the Mecistops shows it to be properly a member of the family Crocodilide rather than the Gavialide. The teeth are irregular, the sides of the jaws are not parallel, there is a distinct swelling opposite the ninth remaining upper molar, and the lower canines are received in notches in the upper jaw. The skull is considerably depressed, much produced anteriorly, and the extremity of the snout somewhat enlarged. Upper surface smooth. Forehead nearly flat, pitted, sides not raised, converging anteriorly. Cranial fosse nearly circular, resembling those of the Gavial. Orbits rather more convergent than in the Crocodiles, and the nasal aperture more circular. Nasal bones more prolonged than in Gavialis, yet not reaching, as in the Crocodili, the nasal opening, but distant from it an inch and a half. Anterior spine of middle- frontal very long, slender, tapering, and pointed. Lacrymal bones lengthened and narrow. Notch for lower canines about an inch beyond posterior edge of nasal foramen, and about half an inch from the anterior extremity of the nasal bones. Anterior palatine foramen small. Palatine bones tapering and pointed anteriorly. 59 Extreme length of lower jaw 243 inches, suture 53 inches in length, extending to opposite the seventh tooth on each side. Narrowest portion of lower jaw between fifth and sixth teeth, where it does not exceed an inch and three-eighths. Tenth and eleventh teeth nearly equal, the latter being rather the larger, but by no means exceeding the others in the same proportion that it does in Crocodilus. Its attenuated snout, narrow jaws, and small teeth would seem to indi- cate that it lives principally on fish. Thus while it offers some analogies with the Gavialide, its true affinities are undoubtedly with the Crocodilide, though it may be held to represent the former in the African and other rivers which it inhabits. April 28, 1857. John Gould, Esq., F.R.S., V.P.Z.S., in the Chair. The following papers were read :— 1. OBSERVATIONS ON THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS MANatTus. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., F.L.S., V.P.Z. & Ent. Soc. etc. Dr. Balfour Baikie having requested me to examine the skull of the Manatee from Africa, which he described at a preceding meet- ing, I am induced to send you the following observations. There appears to be considerable confusion respecting the nomen- clature of the skulls of these animals. M. Cuvier and De Blainville figure the skeleton and skull of the American Manatee (M. australis) from the same specimen sent from Cayenne in the Paris Museum. This animal differs essentially from all the four skulls from the American coast which are in the British Museum Collection, in the great elongation of the front of the lower jaw, and the comparative length and narrowness of the nasal opening. A copy of the front part of Cuvier’s figures is given by Dr. Harlan as that of M. americanus. On the other hand, the four skulls (two of which come from the West Indies and one from Cuba) in the British Museum all agree with the skull figured by M. Cuvier as the Lamatin du Sénégal*, and also with that (which is probably from the same specimen as Cuvier’s in a more imperfect state) which De Blainville figures under the name of M, latirostris of Harlan, in the short rounded form of the front end and the prominence of the gonyx on the under side of the lower jaw, and in the shortness and breadth of the nasal opening; and _ this appears to be different from the skull which De Blainyille figured under the name of M. Senegalensis. The skeleton of a young female * The front part of this figure is copied by Dr. Harlan for comparison with that of his M. latirostris. 60 specimen from Jamaica is figured by Sir Everard Home (Lectures, iv. t. 54), and the head of this skeleton is copied under the name of M. australis by Wagner (Saugeth. t. 381. f. 4), and the animal is figured from a drawing by Mr. Gosse in the Figures of Animals published by the Christian Knowledge Society, as the Manati. The more adult of the Museum skulls exactly agree with Dr. Harlan’s figures of the skull on which he founded M. latirostris from the coast of East Florida. I am inclined to believe that all the skulls from America in the British Museum, and that of a very young specimen in the same Collection, belong to one species, though they vary considerably in the height of the intermaxillary bones, in the comparative length and breadth of the nasal opening, the extent of the bending down of the front of the upper jaw, the completeness and incompleteness of the orbit, and in the smoothness, roundness, or augularity and rugosity of the gonyx of the lower jaw ; but I think that all these differences may be referable to the age and sex of the specimens, the upper jaw being more deflexed and lengthened as the animal in- creases in age. All the older specimens have a small, conical, ru- gose, bony prominence in the middle line of the front of the lower jaw, and the apex of the coronoid process truncated and expanded into an angle behind and before, as represented in De Blainville and Cuvier’s figures of M. australis and M. latirostris. This is even the case in the skull of a very young animal with only the milk tecth. On the other hand, in Dr. Baikie’s skull of M. Vogelii, and in M. De Blainville’s figure of M. Senegalensis, the coronoid process of the lower jaw is narrow above, with the hinder upper part ob- liquely rounded off, and with a slight angle in front ; so that this is probably the character of the African species. I may also remark, that the front of the lower jaw of Dr. Baikie’s specimen is produced and very differently shaped from that of any of the American skulls, and in this character it differs from M. De Blainville’s figure of M. Senegalensis ; but this difference may be only in consequence of its outh. 3 Dr. Harlan observes :—‘‘ Cuvier estimates the teeth at 36, nine on each side; in both my specimens they do not exceed 32, eight on each side.” In the very young skull above mentioned, which has holes for the rudimentary upper cutting or canine teeth, there are only 24, viz. six on each side; and the two hinder on each side must have been hidden in the gums. In the older skulls some have eight and others nine on each side, but in most of them only six on each side are perfect ; as the anterior one on each side drops out as the new ones are formed behind, and in each of the skulls two hinder on each side are in the process of development. But the question of the permanent specific difference between the M. australis from Cayenne, the M. Jatirostris from East Florida, Jamaica and Cuba, and between M. Senegalensis of Blainville (not of Cuvier, which is like the first) and M. Vogelii, must wait for ee y 61 solution until a larger series of skulls of these species can be pro- cured, and until the other parts of the skeleton can be compared ; it being always borne in mind, at least according to my experience, that the skulls and other parts of the skeleton of the animals are quite as liable to vary in form and structure as any of the external soft parts by which they are moulded. 2. ON THE Genus Necturus or MENOBRANCHUS, WITH AN Account or 1Ts Skutt AND TretH. By Dr. Joun Ep- WARD Gray, F.R.S., F.L.S., V.P.Z. & Env. Soc. erc. Dr. Kaup lately sent to me the skull of the Proteus of the Lakes, Necturus maculatus. As it presents some peculiarities, I am in- duced to lay a figure and some observations on it before the Society. 1. It is the general belief of the inhabitants of Lake Erie that the bite of the Proteus of the Lakes is poisonous. Dr. Holbrook observes that the fishermen regard these animals “as poisonous, and are consequently seldom taken in hand.” The Hon. Miss Amelia Murray in her ‘ Letters’ mentions this animal as caught in a net at Detroit, under the name of Fish Lizard (vol. i. p. 172), and observes : ‘The fishermen said its bite was very poisonous, and it had the yellowish-brown lurid look which seems to appertain to venomous reptiles ; but Dr. Kirtland says it is per- fectly harmless.” And this latter opinion appears to be the almost unanimous im- pression of the naturalists of America. Yet the examination of the teeth will almost justify the popular belief, and at least render it very desirable that the animal should be examined in its living state, and that its bite be submitted to care- ful experiment. The upper jaw of the skull is furnished with two series of small, acute, uniform, nearly transparent, conical, slightly curved teeth, the outer series being placed on the narrow intermaxillary bone, the inner series on the front edge of the vomer and on the outer edge of the lateral processes of the pterygoid bone. The lower jaw has a single series of similar teeth, which lock between the two series above described. All these teeth have a conical cavity on the hinder part of their base, with a short linear slit on the middle of the inner side, and an oblong perforation above the slit in the middle of the inner side of the tooth. The form of these teeth is exactly similar to the fang of poisonous Serpents ; that is to say, the cavity is not a hollow in the substance of the tooth itself, but is formed by the sides of the teeth being produced and folded together, leaving a conical cavity in the inner side of the base, as is easily proved by the examination of the teeth, which shows that the cavity is lined with enamel; and the junction of the two lateral expansions is rarely complete, but marked y 2 more or less distinct or continued slit between the basal notch and the subcentral foramen. In the poisonous Snakes the duct of 62 the’poison occupies this cavity ; and the similarity of the form and structure leads to the idea that it may be used for the same purpose in the Proteus of the Lakes. The chief difference between the teeth of the Proteus of the Lakes and the fangs of Serpents, is, that in the former the upper aperture of the cavity is nearer to the centre of the tooth, some distance from the apex, while in the fang of the Serpent it is generally near to the tip. I know of no other instance of a Batrachian having this structure of its teeth, nor do I know any instance, except in the Mexican Lizard, called Heloderma horrida, in which all the teeth are uni- formly furnished with a basal cavity and foramen ; and this Lizard is said to be noxious, but the fact has not been distinctly proved. 2. When Dr. Barton, in his paper on the Siren, first described the Hell-bender (Protonopsis horrida), he considered the Proteus of the Lakes as the young state of the latter species. The skull bears more affinity to the skull of that animal than to any other Batrachian, and the difference between them is just such as one might expect between the larva and adult of other similar ani- mals ; and it will be observed that the Proteus of the Lakes is only known in its larva-like state, and Protonopsis, as far as I know, only in its adult form. The first great, and indeed almost insurmountable, argument against regarding the Proteus of the Lakes and the Hell-bender as two states of the same species, is the geographical distribution of the animals as given by the American herpetologist. Thus Holbrook, for example, states, ‘‘ The Menopoma Alleghanien- sis (Hell-bender) is found in the Alleghany river and its tributaries, and doubtless inhabits many of the branches of the Ohio and Missis- sippi rivers ;”’ and M. fusca, ‘‘ the waters of the mountainous regions of North Carolina and Georgia ;” while the Proteus of the Lakes (Menobranchus maculatus) has as yet been found only in Lake Champlain and Lake Erie and their tributary streams. It is true that a second species of the genus, Menopoma lateralis, according to Dr. Holbrook, “ has a wide range, it being found in many of the rivers and streams that open into the Mississippi on its eastern ee 63 side; but I am not aware of its existence west of that river. Say found it as far north as Pittsburg in Pennsylvania, and Troost as far south as Cumberland river in Tennessee :”’ and further, ‘ the Meno- branchus lateralis was first described by Say from a specimen taken by a hook in the Alleghany river.” He proceeds: ‘At first I was disposed to believe that the M. maculatus and M. lateralis were one and the same animal, but I am now convinced that the latter is at least a well-marked variety, if not a distinct species ; it is more slender in proportion, its colours and markings different ; it is found only in the western waters that run into the Mississippi, while the former inhabits the rivers and streams that flow into the northern lakes, and all the tributaries of the St. Lawrence river.” From these remarks on the observations of other American herpe- tologists, one may conclude, that though one species or variety of Menobranchus is found in the same system of waters as the Meno- poma, the Menopoma has not hitherto been observed in the same lakes, or indeed in the same district of country, where one variety or species, viz. the Menobranchus maculatus, is alone found, and where it is abundant. But an experienced American naturalist, Dr. Baird, has ob- served, that “the non-discovery of the adult is no argument against its existence. I had caught hundreds of the very remarkable larva of Pseudotriton Salmoneus near Carlisle, before I found an adult.” (Journ. Acad. N. Sci. Philad. 1849, 292.) Dr. Holbrook observes, that ‘‘ the Menobranchus maculatus is seldom taken except in the months of April and May, which , is their spawning season. Their eggs are about the size of peas, and as many as one hundred and fifty have been counted in a single female.” This would lead one to believe that they are adult animals ; but eggs have been equally found in the Awolotl of Mexico, which is re- garded by most naturalists as a larva. 3. It is to be observed, that though the Proteus of the Lakes (Necturus) has a more distinct and separate opercular flap, united by a distinct fold under the throat, than either the Proteus of Carniola or the Sten, and in this respect more nearly resembles the Azolotl of Mexico and the larva of Tri¢ons—yet, that, like the Proteus an- guinus and the Siren, it has only two slits on each side of the neck, with a single free ray between them, the anterior and posterior car- tilaginous ray being united to the skin, as in those genera; while the Avolotl and the larva of Tritons have the gill flat, quite free from the gill-rays, and there are three slits between the gill-rays as well as the larger anterior one, making four slits on each side, and the inner edge of the rays being toothed as in fishes. From these considerations I am inclined for the present to consider _ the Proteus of the Lakes as a distinct kind of Batrachian, which is arrested in its development and never reaches the perfect state. The skull is much more developed than in the other genera of Meantia, and in its outline and disposition of its teeth it resembles that of the genus Profonopsis as figured by Cuvier (Oss. Foss. ii. 64 409. t. 26. f. 3, 4, 5), but there are no maxillary bones, and the nasal and frontals are more developed. The exterior nostrils are on the upper surface of the margin of the nose, above the first third of the upper lip ; and the inner nostrils are large, and, as in the other Meantia, not on the palate, but on the side of the mouth between the lips and the outer edge, near the hinder part of the series of vomerine teeth, nearly as they are in the genus Awolotl, well figured by M. Bibron (Herpet. t. 95. f. 2 a). 4. I may observe, that we have specimens both of Necturus macu- latus and N. lateralis in the British Museum, the latter from the Ohio; and I cannot discover any difference between them, except that the one named WN. lateralis has two broad, pale, dorsal streaks, and is about half the size of the other specimens ; and I doubt if these dorsal streaks are not the result of youth, and vanish as the animal increases in size, as is the case with the Siren. 5. While on these animals, I may observe, that Dr. Garden’s specimen of Siren that was originally described by Ellis, which is now in the British Museum, shows a number of lines of mucous pores on the chin and on the head, the latter not being so distinct as the former, and a very distinct series of oblong white spots, forming an interrupted line along the upper part of the sides of the body, and continued to the middle of the sides of the tail ; the spots on the hinder part of the body and tail being larger, more distinct, avd closer. These spots evidently represent the lateral lines in Tvitons and fish, and I have seen them mentioned in the modern descriptions of the animal. 3. DrescRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW AND VERY BEAUTIFUL SPECIES or Birps, rRom GUATEMALA AND FROM THE ISLAND OF Lomsock. By Joun Gouxp, Ese., F.R.S., V.P.Z.S. ere. (Aves, Pl. CXXIII.) Cotinca aAMaABILIs. (Pl. CXXIII.) Male. Head, lores, line beneath the eye, all the upper surface, lesser wing-coverts, upper tail-coverts, sides of the chest, band across the breast, flanks, vent and under tail-coverts fine verditer blue; wings dull black, the greater coverts, spurious wing and the seconda- ries margined with verditer blue; tail dull black, margined exter- nally with dull verditer blue; chin, throat and centre of the abdo- men very rich purple. Female. Upper surface greenish-brown, each feather tipped with greyish-white ; under surface greyish-white, with dark brown centres to the feathers of the breast,-upper part of the abdomen, and flanks ; vent and under tail-coverts dull white. Total length, 8 inches ; bill, 3; wing, 4}; tail, 23; tarsus, 4. Hab. Guatemala. Remark.—The Cotinga amabdilis forms one of the most beautiful — for) 65 members of this lovely genus of birds, and affords the first instance of a species being discovered to the northward of the Isthmus of Panama. It is allied to Cotinga cincta and C. Maynana; the chest being crossed by a band as in the former, which it also resembles in the black colouring of the under surface of the wing, while it assimi- lates to the latter in the peculiar tint of the verditer blue of the upper surface and flanks. For a knowledge of this lovely species we are indebted to the re- searches of George Ure Skinner, Esq., than whom no one has done more towards making us acquainted with the rich ornithological and botanical treasures of the fine country to which this bird belongs. HALcyon FULGIDUS. Head, cheeks, back of the neck, back, wings, flanks and under tail-coverts deep black, washed with rich ultramarine blue on the back of the neck, back and wings ; rump-feathers glaucous or chalky white, with black bases, and with a narrow line of blue between the black and the white portion, which alone is seen; tail deep ultrama- rine blue; chin, breast, and abdomen white ; bill and feet coral-red. Total length, 124 inches ; bill, 21; wing, 52; tail, 5; tarsus, 2. Hab. The Island of Lombock. Remark.—This is an exceedingly fine species, of which I have not been able to find a description. I am therefore induced to believe that it is new: still it may be contained in the Leyden Collection ; but on this point I have consulted Mr. Frank, who is well acquainted with its rich stores, and he tells me that he has no recollection of it. PirTa CONCINNA. Head, back of the neck, cheeks, chin and stripe down the centre of the throat velvety black; from the nostrils over each eye a broad mark of deep buff, posterior to which is a narrower one of pale glaucous blue; back, tail and wings dark grass-green; lesser wing-coverts and a band across the rump glossy verditer blue; pri- maries and secondaries black, the fourth, fifth and sixth of the former crossed by a band of white near their base, and all the primaries tipped on the external web with olive-grey ; upper tail- coverts black; under surface delicate fawn-colour, becoming much paler where it meets the black of the cheeks and throat; centre of the abdomen black ; vent and under tail-coverts fine scarlet; bill black ; feet fleshy. Total length, 6 inches; bill, 1; wing, 4; tail, 11; tarsus, 13. Hab. The Island of Lombock. Remark.—This bird ranks as one of the smaller species of this particular section of the group, it being even less than the Pitta brachyura of authors, to which it bears a general resemblance, but from which the black colouring of its throat will at all times distin- ish it. ; or this and the preceding species we are indebted to the researches of A. R. Wallace, Esq. No. CCCXXXI.—Proceepin¢cs or Tue Zootoeicat Society. 66 4. DrescriIpTION oF A New TANAGER OF THE GENUS EvPHONIA. By Puitie Lutvey Scrater, M.A., F.L.S. etc. (Aves, Pl. CXXIV.) Mr. Gould having placed in my hands for examination some spe- cimens of Euphonia, which he has lately received from Guatemala, I am enabled to exhibit to the Society examples of both sexes of what I believe to be a hitherto uncharacterized species of that genus. I am no friend to the too frequent practice of calling animals after indi- viduals, but I feel that I shall meet with approbation in this instance if I confer on the present bird the name of one of the most eminent naturalists of the day, to whom moreover I am indebted for nume- rous acts of kindness from the period when I first had the pleasure of his acquaintance. I therefore propose to call this species Evrnonia GouLpi. 3. Supra olivacea, eneo induta : pileo usque ad oculos cum fronte fiavis: subtus, gula et cervice flavescenti-olivaceis, abdomine medialiter castaneo, hoc colore flavo utrinque marginato ; late- ribus olivaceis flavo mixtis: crisso castaneo : rostro et pedibus nigris. 9. Supra mari similis sed dilutior, fronte et pileo antico rubris : subtus flavescens, abdomine medio cum crisso dilute castaneis, lateribus flavido-olivaceis. Long. tota 4:1, alze 2°2, caudee 1:0, tarsi 0°7. Hab. In Guatimala et Mexico Meridionali. Gould’s Euphonia does not sufficiently resemble any other of the known members of the group to render it liable to be confounded with them. It may, I think, be most naturally placed at the head of the section containing Luphonia pectoralis, E. rufiventris and others (which has been denominated Iliolopha by Prince Bonaparte), and will serve to connect them with the yellow-headed species which pre- cede them in my arrangement. I have suspected its existence for some time, but these examples are the first good ones I have seen of it. Ihave had for several years in my possession a bird which I now find to be an immature individual of this species ; and M. Sallé’s collection comprised a single specimen not in very good condition, which he obtained in Southern Mexico. I gave a short description of the latter bird without naming it in my list of his collection (see P. Z. S. 1856, p. 303), but was mistaken (as I now see) in consider- ing it a female. This Euphonia is the fourth additional Tanager I have met with since completing the synopsis of these birds given in the Proceedings for last year; the others being Calliste rufigena (P. Z. 8. 1856, p. 311), Saltator melanopterus (Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. viii. p. 361), and Pyranga roseigularis (P. Z. S. 1857, p. 6). The latter bird was long ago described by Dr. Cabot, but at the time of completing my synopsis I had not seen specimens of it. a GOULD! 67 5. REVIEW OF THE SPECIES OF THE SouTtH AMERICAN SuB- FAMILY TityrRinz. By Puiuie Lutvey Sciater, M.A., F.Z.S., F.L.S. erc. ‘The birds of the old genus Tifyra of Vieillot constitute a very natural and well-defined group peculiar to tropical America, which has been quite rightly, as I think, raised to the rank of a subfamily by Mr. Gray and succeeding writers. They seem to me to form a link between the two great South American families Tyrannide and Cotingide—the true Tityre pointing rather towards the latter of these groups, and the genus Pachyrhynchus to the former. In ana- tomical characters, however, according to Miiller, they rather agree with the Fruit-eaters, and for the present therefore, until this part of the subject has been further worked out, I am inclined to think they should be arranged within the confines of the family Cotingide. The great diversity of plumage which occurs in the different sexes and ages of these birds (another character which betrays their Cotin- gine affinities) has occasioned the creation of many nominal species ; and Mr. George Gray, 1 in his ‘ Genera of Birds,’ where merely a list of described species is given without any attempt at reduction of the synonyms, notices no less than forty-six supposed members of the subfamily. Dr. Cabanis, in his ‘Ornithologische Notizen’ (Wieg- mann’s Arch. f. Nat. 1847), was the first who undertook a critical examination of the subject, the result of which was to reduce the number of species from forty-six to sixteen. With his views I am ‘disposed for the most part to agree. I should merely observe, that in one or two instances he has united species that have some claim to be considered distinct, and that it is to be lamented that in so dif- ficult a group he did not give scientific distinctive characters for the males and females of every species. In the ‘ Proceedings’ of this Society for 1851 (p. 45 e¢ seq.) are some remarks by Dr. Kaup on the birds of this subfamily, which are worthy of much attention. But of the species considered there as undescribed, one at least has been already previously named, and the others are such as, after examination of the type-specimens, I should hardly be inclined to regard as really new. Prince Bonaparte’s arrangement of this group in his ‘ Conspectus’ is adopted from Ca- banis’ article. In what follows I have attempted to make a careful review of the members of the subfamily Tityrine, giving short de- scriptions of the sexes of each species, when I have been successful in meeting with them, and the most necessary synonyms, particu- larly where my views on this latter point differ from those of Dr. Cabanis. Although no species is inserted of which I have not per- sonally examined specimens, I have the satisfaction of recording the existence of twenty-two species instead of sixteen—the number as- signed in the last general account published; and I have been very particular about localities, a point much too generally overlooked by writers on ornithology ; so that, although my subject is not quite a new one, I shall hope to bave contributed some fresh information upon it. 68 Dr. Cabanis has recognized three different genera in the present group of birds. About the first of these—the true Tityre—there can, I think, be no question. The strong somewhat compressed beak, the want of bristles at the base of the bill, the peculiar scimitar- like shape of the second abnormal primary in the adult male, and the absence of any strong dissimilarity in the coloration of the two sexes, render the six birds composing it readily distinguishable from the rest of the group, and eminently entitle them to generic distinc- tion. A group of rather less value appears to be that of the black- plumaged species, which naturally follow next in order. Here the rictal bristles are present, although not so well developed as farther on in the subfamily ; the second abnormal quill of the males is broad and acuminated as in the true Pachyrhamphi ; the females are clothed in a nearly uniform brown. These birds form the com- mencement of Dr. Cabanis’ genus Pachyrhamphus. But I confess I cannot agree with Dr. Cabanis in separating generically the type of his genus Bathmidurus from Pachyrhamphus Cuvieri and atri- capillus, and I therefore think it best for the present to employ one term as a generic name for the whole of the residue of the species—_ after removal of the true Tityre—leaving the name Bathmidurus and other terms lately coined to mark out the divisions of subgeneric value. Fam. CoTiInGIp&. Subfam. Tiryrinz. Rostrum brevius quam caput, basi dilatata, lateribus ad apicem plerumque compressis, culmine leniter incurvo, apice uncinata, gonyde ascendente: nares rotunda, fere nude, rictus nudus aut setis paucis preditus: ale elongate e primariis decem, secundariis novem; remigibus tertia et quarta primam su- perantibus et longissimis, remige secunda in maribus adultis* abnormaliter brevi, falciformi aut apice acuminata: cauda e rectricibus duodecim, modica, lata : tarsi modici, acrotarsiis re- gulariter scutatis; paratarsiis squamulis numerosis obovatis obtectis : digiti fortes, horum exteriore cum medio ad basin conjuncto et interiorem longitudine paulo excedente, posteriore elongato, unguibus acutis. * Mr. G. R. Gray, in his ‘Genera of Birds,’ says that “‘ the wings are sometimes furnished with a spurious quill beneath the first quill.” That this so-called spu- é rious quill is the true second primary abnormally shortened is easily demon- strated by a comparison of the wings of the adult male and female; by which it will be seen that the second primary of the latter, which is of the usual length, corresponds in position to the reduced feather in the male bird. And, unless this reduced feather be taken into calculation, the males will be found only to have nine primaries, whereas the females have fen. 69 Genus I. Tiryra. Tityra, Vieill. Analyse, p. 39, 1816. Psaris, Cuv. Régn. An. i. p. 340 (1817). Erator, Kaup, P. Z. 8. 1851, p. 47. Rostrum forte, dilatatum, ad apicem compressum, uncinatum, rictu non setoso: ale elongate, marium remige alari secunda brevi, falciformi : cauda breviuscula, quadrata : ptilosis marium albo- nigra, feeminarum obscurior haud valde dissimilis. = a. Tityra (loris nudis). 1. TiryRA CAYANA. Lanius cayanus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 137. Tityra cinerea, Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 859. Psaris virgata, H. Smith (? ). Psaris cayanensis, Sw. Class. B. ii. 255. Psaris guianensis, Sw. An. in Men. p. 286. Psaris nevius, Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 379. Tityra cayana, Vieill. Gal. Ois. pl. 134; Cab. Orn. Not. p. 238 ; Schomb. Guian. iii. 697 ; Bp. Consp. p. 179. Piegrieche grise de Cayenne, Buff. Pl. Enl. 304 (¢). Piegrieche tacheté de Cayenne, Buff. Pl. Enl. 377 (2). $. Cinerascenti-albus subtus pallidior: mento summo, pileo alis et cauda nigris: secundariis ultimis dorso concoloribus : loris nudis et cum rostro rubris: hujus apice nigra: pedibus nigris. . Cinerascens, subtus dilutior ; dorso et corpore subtus nigro longitudinaliter striatis : pileo, alis caudaque nigris, secunda- riis ultimis dorso concoloribus. Long. tota 7°5, alee 4°6, caude 2°6. Hab. Cayenne (Buf); Brit. Guiana (Schomb.); Trinidad patel) » Venezuela, Cumana (Beauperthuy) ; New Grenada, Bo- ee gota Safes. Brit., Paris., P. L. S. - The woodcut represents (fig. a) the first and (fig. 5) the second primary of the adult male of this species. 70 2. TiryRA BRASILIENSIS. Pachyrhynchus cayanus, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. pl. 44. f. 1. p. 32. Psaris cayana, D’Orb. Voy. p. 301. Psaris brasiliensis, Sw. An. in Men. p. 286. Tityra brasiliensis, Cab. Orn. Not. p. 239; Bp. Consp. p. 179. 3. Cinerascenti-albus subtus pallidior : pileo, mento, alis et cauda nigris: secundariis ultimis dorso concoloribus: loris minus denudatis cum ipsa basi rostri rubris, hujus reliqua parte nigra: pedibus nigris. 2. Cinerascens, subtus dilutior, nigro longitudinaliter striata : alis caudaque nigris, secundariis ultimis dorso concoloribus. Long. tota 8°5, alee 5:1, caudee 3°2. Hab. Brazil, prov. Piauhy (Spiz); Rio de Janeiro; Corrientes (D’ Orb.) ; Bolivia (D’ Orb.) ; Paraguay (Azara). Mus. Brit., Paris., P. L. 8S. This bird may be distinguished from the 7. cayana by its larger size and nearly entirely black bill. 3. TiTyRA SEMIFASCIATA. Pachyrhynchus semifasciatus, Spix, Av. Bras. it. pl. 44. fig. 2. p- 32. Psaris semifasciata, D’Orb. Voy. p. 301 ; Tsch. Faun. Per. p. 146. Tityra semifasciata, Cab. Orn. Not. p. 239; Bp. Consp. p. 180. 3. Subcinerascenti-albus, subtus purior : facie antica cum mento alisque nigris: secundariis ultimis dorso concoloribus: cauda alba, rectricibus omnibus, nisi une utrinque extime pogonio in- terno, nigro late transfasciatis : loris nudis et eum rostro ru- bris, hujus ipsa apice nigra: pedibus nigris. @. Mari similis sed supra magis cinerascens et brunneo tincta : pileo nigricanti-brunneo. Long. tota 8°75, ale 5°0, caudee 3°0. Hab. Eastern Peru, Wood-region (Tsch.) ; Bolivia, S. Cruz de la Sierra (D’ Oré.). Mus. Paris., P. L. S. 4. TiryRA PERSONATA. Tityra personata, Jard. & Selb. Til. Orn. i. pl. XXxiv. Psaris mexicanus, Less. R. Z. 1839, p. 41. Psaris tityroides, Less. R. Z. 1842, p. 210. Tityra mecvicana, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, pp. 141 & 297. 3 . Simillimus speciei precedenti, sed caude@ rectricibus omnibus in pogonio utroque nigro transfasciatis. 2. Supra brunnescenti-cinerea, uropygium versus dilutior : subtus alba, mento concolore. : Hab. S. Mexico, Vera Cruz (Sallé) ; Xalapa (Mus. Berol.) ; Gua- timala (Mus. Brit.) ; Nicaragua (Delattre) ; Chiriqui (Bridges) ; S. Martha, New Grenada (Verreauz). Mus. Brit., P. L. S.. Se eee ia ZF , 71 Whether this bird is really distinct from the preceding is perhaps not quite certain. I have had hardly a sufficient number of examples for comparison. But, as far as I have observed, the difference in the coloration of the tail-feathers appears constant. b. Erator (loris plumosis). 5. Trryra INQUISITRIX. Lanius inquisitor, Licht. Doubl. p. 50. nat erythrogenys, Selby, Zool. Journ. ii. p. 483 ; Sw. Nat. Lib x, pl. 3 (2). Psaris selbii et natteriit, Sw. An. in Men. p. 286. Psaris inquisitor, D’Orb. Voy. p. 302. Psaris jardinii, Sw. Zool. Il. n. s. pl. 35 (3). Tityra inquisitriz, Cab. Orn. Not. p. 239; Bp. Consp. p. 180. 3. Albus, supra cinereo tinctus : pileo, alis et cauda nigris ; se- cundariis ultimis dorso concoloribus : rostro et pedibus nigris. ?. Alba, supra cinerascens: fronte et lateribus capitis rufis : puleo, alis et cauda nigris : rectricum basi et ipsa apice albi- dis ; secundarits ultimis dorso concoloribus. Long. tota 6°75, ale 3°9, caudex 2°5. Hab. Brazil, 8. Paolo (Licht.) ; Bolivia (D’ Orb.) ; Cayenne ; New Grenada ; Bogota. Mus. Brit., Paris., P. L. S. 6. TiryRA ALBITORQUES. Tityra albitorques, DuBus, Bull. Ac. Brux. 1847, xiv. pt. 2. p- 104; Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 244; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 150. Psaris fraseri, Kaup, P. Z. 8. 1851, p. 47. pl. xxxvii. (¢), _xxxviii. (2). 6. Albus, supra cinereo tinctus: pileo et alis nigris, secundariis ultimis dorso concoloribus : cauda alba, fascia subapicali lata nijra: rostro pedibusque nigris. 2. Supra magis cinerascens et dorso brunnescente tincto: fronte albida : pileo reliquo nigro: lateribus capitis rufis. Long. tota 6°75, alz 3:6, caudee 2-4. Hab. Eastern Peru (DuBus) ; New Grenada; Bogota. Mus. Brit. This species is easily distinguishable from 7’. inquisitrix, which it generally closely resembles, by its white tail banded with black. Genus 2. PAcHYRHAMPHUS. Pachyrhynchus, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 31 (1824). Pachyrhamphus, G.R. Gray, List of Gen. (1838). Bathmidurus, Cab. Orn. Not. in Wiegm. Arch. 1847, p. 243. Chloropsaris, Kaup, P. Z. 8. 1851, p. 45. Platypsaris, Bp. Ann. d. Se. Nat. 1854. Callopsaris, Bp. Ann. d. Se. Nat. 1854. Rostrum magis conicum, minus dilatatum et ad apicem minus com- pressum ; apice minus uncinata; rictu plus minusve setis ob- sito: ale elongate, marium remige secunda brevi, lata, deinde emarginata et apice acuminata : cauda elongatior quam in genere precedente : ptilosis sexuum valde diversa, marium albo-nigra, feeminarum brunnea. a. Platypsaris. 1. PAcHYRHAMPHUS NIGER. Lanius niger, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 301. Pachyrhynchus aterrimus, Lafr. R. Z. 1846, p. 320. Tityra leuconotus, Gray’s Gen. pl. 63 (3 et 2); Gosse, B. Jam. p- 187. Pachyrhamphus nigrescens, Cab. Orn. Not. p. 241; Bp. Consp. p- 180. 3. Niger subtus paulo dilutior: scapularium macula basali alba: rostro et pedibus nigris. 9. Brunnescenti-cinerea, pileo, alis et cauda brunneis: subtus albescenti-cinerea : gutture et pectore rufo tinctis. Long. tota 70, alz 4:0, caudz 3:0. Hab. Jamaica (Gosse). Mus. Brit., Berol., P. L. S. Mr. Gosse has written a very interesting account of this species in his ‘ Birds of Jamaica,’ giving details as to its habits, food, nidi- fication, &c., which is really almost the only reliable information we possess concerning these points in respect of any bird of the group. _ 2. PachyRHAMPHUS VALIDUS. Tityra atricapilla (3) et rufa (?), Vieill. Nouv. Dict. iii. p- 347-8, et Enc. Méth, 859. Lanius validus, Licht. Doubl. p. 5v. Pachyrhynchus cinerascens, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. pl.46. f. 1. p.34 (2). Psaris cristatus, Sw. Zool. Il. ser. 2. pl. 41 (2). Tityra pileata, Jard., Seib. Ill. Orn. i. pl. 17 (2). Psaris strigatus et megacephalus, Sw. ? Pachyrhamphus validus, Cab. Orn. Not. p. 240; Bp. Consp. p- 180. : 3. Niger, semicristatus, uropygium versus paulo dilutior : scapu- 73 larium macula basali alba: subtus fusco-cinnamomeus, gula albicantiore : rostro corneo: pedibus nigris. ?. Supra lete rufa, pileo nigro: subtus fusco-cinnamomea, rufo tincta ; cauda unicolore rufa. Long. tota 7:5, ale 3-8, caude 2°8. Hab. South-eastern Brazil, S. Paolo (Licht.). Mus. Brit., P. L.S. 3. PacHyRHAMPHUS PECTORALIS. Querula minor, Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 363. Psaris roseicollis, Jard. & Selb. Ill. Orn. iv. pl. 28. Pachyrhynchus pectoralis, Sw. An. in Men. p. 288. Pachyrhamphus minor (partim), Cab. Orn. Not. p. 241; Bp. Consp. p. 180. Psaris pectoralis, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 46. 3. Supra niger, semicristatus: scapularium macula basali alba : subtus paulo dilutior, fascia subgutturali angusta rosea: macula primariarum basali interna alba: rostro et pedibus nigris. ?. Rufa, pileo nigro, subtus dilutior (?). Long. tota 6:0, ale 3-5, caudze 2°5. Hab. Cayenne ; New Grenada; Bogota. Mus. Paris., P. L. 8. The white exterior margin of the second abnormal primary, which Dr. Kaup relies upon as the specific character of this species, is not sufficient to distinguish this bird from P. aglaie, in some specimens of which I find the same peculiarity. But it may be easily recog- nized from the latter bird by its nearly uniform sooty-black colour- ing above and below, and the narrow rosy bar on the throat. I have a Bogota skin apparently referable to this species. 4. PACHYRHAMPHUS ROSEICOLLIS. Psaris roseicollis, Lafr. et D’Orb. Syn. Av. in Mag. de Zool. 1837, p- 42; D’Orb. Voy. p. 302. $. Cinerascenti-niger, pileo intensiore et nigro: scapularium basibus albis: subtus cinerascenti-niger, vitta subgutturali rosea: primariis ad basin interne albo maculatis : rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 8-0, alee 3°8, caudz 2°75. Hab. Bolivia (D’ Urd.). Mus. Paris. Though I have seen a type of this species in the Magazin du Jardin des Plantes at Paris, I have never had an opportunity of com- paring it with examples of its two near allies. My impression is, however, that it is distinct from P. pectoralis (than which it seems larger and of a more cinereous tinge below) and also from P. aglaie. M. de Lafresnaye has remarked upon the differences between it and _the latter species in the Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 98. 74 5. PACHYRHAMPHUS AGLAIA. Pachyrhynchus aglaia, Lafr. R. Z. 1839, p. 98. Psaris aglaia, Kaup, P. Z. 8. 1851, p. 46. Pachyrhamphus aglaie, Sclater, P. Z. 8. 1856, p. 297. 3. Niger, subcristatus, uropygium versus schistacescentior : subtus pallide cinereus, collo antico toto roseo, mento albescente: sca- pularium utrinque basi et remigum macula basali interna albis : remige secunda brevi nigricante, margine externa angustissima et macula parva ad ipsam basin albis : rostro et pedibus nigris. 2. Rufescens ; alis intus nigris ; harum marginibus et cauda tota lete rufis : pileo subcristato, nigro.: subtus albescenti-cin- namomea, tectricibus subalaribus cinnamomeis. Long. tota 6°5, ale 3°5, caudee 2°6. Hab. Mexico, Coahuila (Lieut. Couch); Vera Cruz; Cordova (Sallé) ; Xalapa (Mus. Ber.). Mus. Derbiano et P. L. S. This Mexican species is easily distinguished from P. pectoralis by its lighter ash-coloured plumage and distinct black head, as well as by the throat being wholly of a rosy red. M. Sallé’s Mexican collec- tion (of which an account is given, P. Z. 8. 1856, p. 290 et seq.) contained five examples of different sexes and ages. 6. PACHYRHAMPHUS LATIROSTRIS. Pachyrhamphus latirostris, Bp. Compt. Rend. 1854, et Notes Orn. p. 87. Platypsaris latirostris, Bp. 3. Cinerascens, pileo nigro; subtus dilutior gula et ventre medio albicantibus : alis caudaque nigrescenti-cinereis : interscapulit pennis basi niveis: rostro et pedibus nigris: illius ipsa apice albida. 9. Rufa, subtus albo-rufa, pileo nigro : remigibus intus et apice nigris: cauda rufa (Bp.). Long. tota 5:6, alee 3°2, caudz 2-3. Hab. Nicaragua (Delattre). Mus. Brit. I have seen but one example of this species, which was received by the British Museum from Parzudaki of Paris. It is marked “ Ni- caragua,”’ and there is no doubt, from the peculiar make of the skin, that it is one of Delattre’s specimens. This bird I consider to be a strict congener of the last species P. validus. It is, as appears from Mr. Gray’s ‘ List of Genera,’ the type of Prince Bonaparte’s genus Platypsaris, and 1 have therefore placed that term at the head of this section of the present group. 7. PACHYRHAMPHUS SURINAMUS. Muscicapa surinama, Linn. 8, N. i. p. 3252 Tityra surinama, Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1848, pl. 11. p. 62 (¢). Bathmidurus surinamus, Bp. Consp. p. 181. 75 Pachyrhamphus dimidiatus, De Filippi, Cat. Mus. Mediol. p. 31 (1847). 3. Supra nitenti-niger, capite subcristato: scapularibus interne niveis: subtus candidus: cauda nigra, rectricibus extimis ma- cula parva apicali alba: rostro nigro-plumbeo: pedibus nigris. ?. Castanea, loris et corpore subtus albidis ; pectore rufescente induto : remigibus intus nigricantibus: cauda unicolore cas- tanea. Long. tota 5°3, ale 3:1, caudee 2°3. Hab. Surinam (Linn.); Cayenne. Mus. P. L. 8. (od et ? ex Cayenne). b. Pachyrhamphus. 8. PAcHYRHAMPHUS VIRIDIS. Tityra viridis, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. iii. p. 348 (1817), et Enc. Méth. p. 860. Psaris cuvieri, Sw. Zool. Ill. i. pl. 32 (1820). Platyrhynchus duponti, Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 843 (1823). Muscicapa nigriceps, Licht. Doubl. p- 56 (1823). Muscipeta nigriceps, Max. Beitr. iti. 914. Pachyrhynchus cuvieri, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. pl. 45. f. 2. Tityra wieilloti, Jard. & Selb. Il. Orn. pl. 10. f. 1(?). Pachyrhamphus cuvieri, Cab. Orn. Not. p. 242; Bp.Consp. p. 180. 3. Flavescenti-olivaceus ; cervice cinerea; pileo nigro; fronte et loris albidis ; gula albicanti-cinerea : pectore flavo : ventre erissoque albis, ochraceo tinctis : rostro nigro-plumbeo, tomiis pallescentibus : pedibus nigris. ?. Olivacea, pileo concolore, cervice postica et laterali cum gula cinereis, hac pallidiore : alarum tectricibus rufis : pectore fla- vido : ventre crissoque albidis: rostro pallido : pedibus nigris. Long. tota 5°8, ale 2°8, caudee 2:0. Hab. Brazil, Bahia (Licht.). Mus. Brit., Paris., P. L. §., &e. The woodcut given with the generic character of the genus Pachy- rhamphus represents (fig. c) the first and (fig. d) the second pri- mary of the adult male of this species. 9. PAcCHYRHAMPHUS CINEREUS. Manakin cendré de Cayenne, Buff. Pl. Enl. 687. f. 1 (3). Pipra cinerea, Bodd. Table d. Pl. Enl. Pipra atricapilla, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 1003. Gobemouche roux, &c., Buff. Pl. Enl. 831. f. 1 (2). Muscicapa eques, Bodd. Table d. Pl. Enl. Muscicapa aurantia, Gm. 8. N. p. a: Lanius mitratus, Licht. Doubl. p Pachyrhynchus leucogaster et anos Sw. An. in Men. p- 289? Pachyrhamphus atricapillus, Cab. Orn. Not. p. 242; Schomb. iinian. iii. 698 ; Bp. Consp. p. 181. 76 3. Supra cinereus ; alis nigris, primariis strictissime secundariis et tectricibus anguste albo marginatis: pileo nigro : frontali linea inter oculos et corpore subtus albis, lateribus in cinereum trahentibus : cauda nigricanti-cinerea, rectricibus intus anguste albo limbatis: rostro et pedibus nigris. 2. Rufescens: cauda et alis extus rufis: subtus rufescenti-alba. Long. tota 4°7, alee 2-7, caude 1:8. Hab. Cayenne (Buff., &c.) ; Surinam (Cab.) ; Venezuela; Tri- nidad; S. Martha (Verr.) ; Bogota. I have not quoted Psaris parinus, Kaup, P. Z. 8. 1851, p. 48, as a synonym of this species, since I have not had an opportunity of comparing the type with my specimens ; but I have very little doubt that the two birds are identical. ce. Callopsaris. 10. PacHYRHAMPHUS VERSICOLOR. Vireo versicolor, Hartl. R. Z. 1843, p. 289. Pachyrhynchus squamatus, Lafr. 1843, p. 291. Pachyrhamphus versicolor, Cab. Orn. Not. p. 243 ; Bp. Consp. p- 181. 3. Supra nitenti-niger, uropygio olivascente : alis nigris, tectri- cibus et secundariis albo limbatis : subtus olivaceo-viridis ; pec- tore flavido tincto, lineis angustis nigricantibus omnino trans- fasciato: rostro nigricanti-plumbeo : pedibus fuscis. . Olivacea, pileo nigricanti-cinereo : alarum tectricibus et se- cundariarum marginibus rufis: subtus dilutior, ventre medio flavicante, lineolis paucis vie apparentibus nigris. Long. tota 4-6, alze 2°6, caudze 1°9. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota. Mus. Brit., Berol., P. L. S. d. Bathmidurus. 11. PAcHYRHAMPHUS NIGRIVENTRIS. Pachyrhynchus niger, Spix, Avy. Bras. ii. pl. 45. f. 1. p. 33 (1824) ; Sw. An. in Men. p. 290. Psaris niger, Sw. Zool. Journ. ii. p. 356 (1825). Bathmidurus niger, Cab. Orn. Not. p. 243; Bp. Consp. p. 181; Schomb. Guian. iii. 698. 3. Fuliginoso-niger, pilei pennis eneo nitentibus, uropygio et corpore subtus paulo dilutioribus et cinereo tinctis: scapula- rium, tectricum alarium et secundariarum marginibus externis cum rectricum apicibus albis: rostro et pedibus nigris. 3. Rufa, pileo intensiore, subtus valde dilutior, ochracescens, (?) Long. tota 5:5, ale 2-9, caudee 2:2. Hab. Cayenne; North Brazil; Venezuela ; Trinidad; New Gre- nada. . Mus. Brit., P. L. S. 77 12. PacHYRHAMPHUS POLYCHROPTERUS. Platyrhynchus polychropterus, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xxvii. p. 10 ; Enc. Méth. p. 835; Puch. Arch. d. Mus. vii. 357. Pachyrhynchus variegatus, Spix. Av. Bras. ii. pl. 43. f. 2? Muscicapa splendens, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 906. Pachyrhynchus Spixii, Sw. An. in Men. p. 289. Bathmidurus variegatus, Cab.Orn. Not. p. 244; Bp. Consp. p.181. 3. Niger, pilei plumis eneo nitentibus : uropygio et corpore sub- tus cinereis : scapularium, tectricum alarium et secundariarum marginibus externis eum rectricum apicibus albis : rostro plum- bescenti-nigro: pedibus nigris. 2. Rufa, pileo ferrugineo: subtus dilutior, ochraceo induta (°). Long. tota 6:0, ale 3:1, caudz 273. . Hab. South-eastern Brazil; Rio de Janeiro; Rio Grande do Sul (Plant). Mus. Brit. Whether this and the preceding bird are really distinct, or merely local varieties of each other, it is difficult to say until a comparison can be made between a series of specimens of both sexes of each of them. I am not confident that the birds described as their respect- ive females are really such. Dr. Cabanis has kept the two birds distinct, and I have followed his example—proposing to call the first nigriventris, as niger is preoccupied. In fact the whole difference of this species from the preceding consists in its cimereous uropygium and under plumage, and rather larger size. In the nigriventris the belly is nearly as black as the back. Spix’s figure seems most like the northern species. Swainson has well distinguished the two birds in his ‘ Animals in Menageries,’ pt. 2, under the names niger and spizi. 13. PAcHYRHAMPHUS MARGINATUS. Lanius atricapillus, Gm. 8. N. (¢). Todus marginatus, Licht. Doubl. p. 51 (2). Pachyrhynchus swainsoni, Jard. & Selb. Ill. Orn. et Sw. An. in Men. p. 288. Muscipeta marginata, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 909. Pachyrhynchus marginatus, D’Orb. Voy. Ois. pl. 31. f. 2. p. 303. Pachyrhynchus albifrons, Sw. An.in Men. p. 289. Bathmidurus atricapillus, Cab. Orn. Not. p. 245. Psaris marginata, Bp. Consp. p. 181. 8. Cinereus, pileo nigro, fronte et loris albidis: interscapulio partim nigro: subtus cinerascenti-albus, ventre clariore: alis . caudaque nigris: tectricum et secundariarum alarium margi- nibus externis cum rectricum apicibus albis: rostro plumbeo : pedibus nigris. é 2. Olivacea, pileo rufo: alis caudaque nigricantibus, illarum marginibus et rectricum apicibus pallide rufis: subtus flavi- canti-olivacea. Long. tota 5°75, alee 2°8, caudee 2°2. Hab. Brazil; Bahia (Licht.); Bolivia (D’ Ord.) ; Eastern Peru; Rio Napo. Mus. Brit., Paris., &c. 78 The back of the male of this bird is always varied with black ; but I have one specimen in my possession, otherwise not varying much in plumage, in which the whole interscapulium is black. This is perhaps Dr. Kaup’s Ps. marginatus minor (P. Z. S. 1851, p. 48). 14. PacHyRHAMPHUS MAJOR. Bathmidurus maor, Cab. Orn. Not. p. 246. Psaris major, Bp. Consp. p. 181. Pachyrhamphus marginatus’, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 298. 3. Supra cinereus: dorso medio nigro aut nigro mixto: torque cervicali postico albo-yriseo : pileo nitenti-nigro, linea frontali albida: scapularibus albis: alis nigris, tectricibus et secunda- riis albo limbatis : subtus albus cinereo tinctus ; cauda nigra rectricibus lateralibus late albo terminatis : rostro nigro-plum- beo: pedibus nigris. ?. Supra castanea, pileo nigro : alis nigris castaneo marginatis : subtus pallide viridi-flavicans, lateribus rufo tinctis ; cauda nigra, rectricibus duabus mediis et ceterarum apicibus rufis. Long. 6:0, alee 3:3, caudee 2°4. Hab. 8. Mexico, Xalapa (Cab.) (Sallé). Mus. Heineano et P. L. S. This Mexican representative of P. marginatus may be easily re- cognized by its large size and the grey cervical collar between the black nape and the back. M. Sallé’s specimens were procured near Xalapa, whence Dr. Cabanis’s type, which was a female, also came. No description of the male bird has hitherto appeared. 15. PacHyRHAMPHUS ALBO-GRISEUS, Sp. Nov. 3. Supra cinereus, pileo cum nucha nitenti-nigris : linea frontali inter oculos alba: alis nigris, tectricibus et secundariis extus late albo marginatis: subtus albus, precipue apud latera cine- rascente tinctus: cauda nigra, rectricibus omnibus, sed harum extimis precipue, late albo terminatis : rostro plumbeo : pedi- bus nigris. 9. Saturate castanea, subtus valde dilutior, cinnamomescenti- ochracea. (?) Long. tota 5:5, alee 3-0, caudee 2°4. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota. Mus. P. 1.8. I possess an adult male specimen, and what, I think, is probably the female of this Becard, which is a close ally of the two preceding species. It is, I suppose, the New Grenadian representative of the form ; and, I confess, it is not without hesitation that I separate it specifically from P. marginatus. The differences are the further extension of the black over the nape of the neck, the entire want of black on the back, the more purely white colouring below, and the much deeper white terminations of the outer rectrices in the present species. CUP 79 16. PACHYRHAMPHUS RUFESCENS. Gobemouche roux de Cayenne, Buff. Pl. Enl. 453. f. 1 (?). Muscicapa rufa, Bodd. Table d. Pl. Enl. (2). Muscicapa rufescens, Gm. et Lath. (?). Pachyrhynchus rufescens, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. pl. 46. f. 2. Tityra castanea, Jard. & Selb. Il. Orn. pl. x. f. 2. Muscipeta aurantia, Max. Beitr. iii. p. 911 (¢ et descr. opt.). Pachyrhynchus ruficeps, Sw. Au. in Men. p. 288. Bathmidurus melanoleucus (!), Cab. Orn. Not. p. 244 (partim). Psaris melanoleucus, Bp. Consp. p. 181. $. Rufo-castaneus, subtus dilutior, cinnamomeus : pileo subcris- tato intensiore : vitta nuchali oculos utrinque jungente cinerea: primariarum apicibus nigricantibus : cauda unicolore castanea : rostro corneo: pedibus nigris. ?. Mari similis, sed paulo dilutior, pileo magis cinereo et remige secunda, sicut semper in foeminis hujus generis, integra. Long. tota 5:5, alze 2°9, caudee 2°5. Hab. Brazil, Para (Spix) ; South-eastern provinces (P. Maz.). Mus. Brit., Paris., &c. I believe this Becard to present one of those exceptional cases (which not unfrequently occur in natural groups) of both sexes of a species, otherwise typical, having the characteristic colouring of the females of the other members of the genus. Like Dr. Cabanis, I for some time supposed that the present bird, which is by no means un- ‘common in collections, was the female of some black and white species. Dr. Cabanis has even gone so far as to prognosticate from a specimen which he supposed to be a young male in process of change, what the plumage of the adult male would be, and has named it melanoleucus. But having lately found that several specimens of these birds in supposed female attire have the second primary abnor- mally short (as is invariably the rule in the adult males of Pachy- rhamphus), I am induced to believe that there is little difference in the coloration of the two sexes of this bird, and that Dr. Cabanis was in error. I may remark, that I have that accurate observer, Prince Maximilian of Neuwied, in my favour, for he describes the male and feniale of this species as nearly alike. Vieillot’s Saltator melanoleucus, identified by Prince Bonaparte and others with the supposed male of this species, is a Lamprospiza! 80 SCHEMA GEOGRAPHICUM AVIUM TITYRINARUM. ™ Antilles. I. Tiryra. a. Tityra. 1. cayana..........000 ap bt aa 2. brasiliensis 3. semifasciata.........| . ss 4, personata............ wee b. Erator. 5. inquisitrix ......... 6. albitorques II. PAcHYRHAMPHUS. a. Platypsaris. 1. validus......... sanaeal hens Ze) DIPEL” eaves wage gare 3. pectoralis......s00...) s+ 4, roseicollis ........- 5. aglaiz .......06 pate 6. latirostris.......... 7. surinamus .,... b. Pachyrhamphus. Se viridas 2, ee 2 9, cinereus ...... Soddcofts oe c. Callopsaris. 10. versicolor | .......s«| ... d. Bathmidurus. 11. nigriventris 12. polychropterus ... 13. marginatus ....... Ps 14. major 15. albo-griseus......... 16. rufescens............ Pen ee we eeeeeee © Central America. eid 6 | * New Grenada. x * Venezuela and | Trinidad. Cayenne and Guiana. o ™« Eastern Peru. © Bolivia, S© Paraguay. S S.E. Brazil. = N.E, Brazil. —|———S| | ——— | ——_—_ | ——. Pe a EES) * € | anor anne or aee * * * * | * 5k ‘< hte SU Xela x | * ay ae el ie 4 5 3 6 4 81 Mr. Tegetmeier laid before the members specimens illustrating the differences produced in the hens of the Common Pheasant and Domestic Fowl by disease or degeneration of the ovary. The late Mr. Yarrell noticed that disease of the ovary in the hen Pheasant resulted insthe assumption of the male plumage and voice. Mr. Tegetmeier exhibited a specimen of a game hen, that had become sterile from age, in which the plumage was completely changed to that of the male. In cases of disease of the ovary in domestic hens, a different altera- tion ensues. The plumage remains perfectly unchanged, but the comb and wattles become extraordinarily developed, in many cases even surpassing those of the male bird in size. The birds crow like the males, and are popularly known as Hen-cocks. The alteration had been observed as resulting from melanosis of the ovary from cartilaginous degeneration, and from a generally diffused inflamma- tion arising from the escape of an ovum from the oviduct. May 12, 1857. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., in the Chair, The following papers were read :— 1. On PARUS MERIDIONALIS AND SOME OTHER SPECIES MEN- TIONED IN THE CATALOGUE OF BIRDS COLLECTED By M. Sauté in SourHern Mexico. By Puaruip L. Scxarer, M.A., F.L.S., etc. In the'Catalogue of Sallé’s Mexican Collection, given in these Pro- ceedings for last July, I described a new species of Titmouse under the name of Parus meridionalis. Not having at that time within my reach specimens of Parus atricapillus of the United States, it was not without hesitation that I separated the Mexican species from that bird. I am now, however, able to exhibit to the Society speci- mens of Parus atricapillus which I obtained in North America last autumn, and I think that a comparison of them with the type of my ~Parus meridionalis (which M. Sallé has again kindly placed in my hands) leaves no doubt that these two Pari are, as I had anticipated, really distinct, although closely allied species. In its upper plumage Parus meridionalis differs from P. atricapillus in haying the back deeper cinereous without any tinge of brown—the narrow outer edgings of the secondaries are brownish and not white, and the black does not extend so far down the nape. Below, the plumage is also much darker; the whole abdomen and crissum being of a nearly uni- No. CCCXXXII.—Procerepincs or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 82 form rather mouse-coloured cinereous, with a pale whitish medial line. In Parus atricapillus the whole middle of the belly is much lighter and more white, and the sides are deeply tinged with pale rufous. There is not much difference in the size of the two species, but the tail of Parus meridionalis is slightly longer. + Mr. Gould’s collection contains an example of Parus meridionalis also from Mexico. With regard to other species contained in the same catalogue, I have to state that Cyanocitta floridana (sp. 135) is probably an im- mature bird of C. uléramarina (Temm.). I have compared specimens of Passerculus zonarius, Bp. (sp. 187) with examples of Peucea lincolni, which I obtained in the United States, and can discover no difference between them, and I consider these two names to be synonymous. The bird named Coturniculus henslowii (sp. 187), upon further comparison does not seem distinct from the ordinary C. passerinus, of which I also possess specimens from Guatimala. 2. On TureE NEw SPECIES OF THE GENUS TODIROSTRUM. By Paruie Lutyey Scuatrer, M.A., F.L.S., etc. (Aves, Pl. CXXV.) Sir William Jardine has kindly lent me some specimens of birds of the genus Todirostrum out of a collection received by him a short time ago threugh Professor Jameson of Quito from the Rio Napo. They were obtained in that locality, as I have reason to believe, by Don Villavicencio, a Naturalist who was some time resident at Porto del Napo, on the Upper Rio Napo, where the Italian traveller Oscu- lati mentions having seen him in 1847. Two of them appear to be certainly undescribed. The third is not in a very good state of pre- servation, but I think it may possibly be referable to Dr. Hartlaub’s T. rufilatum. 1. ToprROSTRUM CALOPTERUM, n.s. (PI. CXXV. fig. 1.) Supra flavescenti-olivaceum ; pileo et cauda nigris : alis nigris, harum tectricibus lete flavis, campterio intense badio ; secunda- ris ultimis extus flavicante limbatis: subtus flavum ; gutture albo : tectricibus subalaribus flavidis: rostro nigro: pedibus pallidis. Long. tota 3°6, ale 1°9, caude 1-2. Hab. In rep. Equatoriana in ripis fl. Napo. Mus. Gul. Jardine, Baronetti. This is a typical Todirostrum, but with the beak rather shorter and broader than in 7. cinereum. The ouly known species which it at all resembles in colouring is 7. nigriceps, mihi (P. Z. S. 1855, p- 76. pl. 84. fig. 1), from which it may be at once distinguished by the fine deep chestnut colouring of the bend of the wing. It is, I think, the most beautiful species of this group yet discovered. Proc. 4.8. Aves. CKXV : f 1 TODIROSTRUM CALOPTERUM. -... GAPITALE , ° ‘ ak Ye a 7 e we ' = cer 5. Fg Se EXILE , oO claler, a C a 83 2. ToprrRosTRUM CAPITALE, n. 8. (Pl. CXXV. fig. 2.) Supra olivaceum, pileo rufo ; alis caudaque nigris extus olivaceis, secundariis ultimis et caude rectricibus lateralibus in pogonio externo lactescenti-albo late limbatis, hoc colore extus tenuiter olivaceo marginato : subtus cinerascenti-album, medialiter albes- cens, ventre medio et tectricibus subalaribus flavicantibus : rostro superiore nigro, inferiore flavido, pedibus fuscis. Long. tota 3:7, alee 1°8, caude 12. Hab. In rep. Equatoriana in ripis fl. Napo. Mus. Gul. Jardine, Baronetti. The rufous crown of this species distinguishes it from every one of its congeners except 7’. ruficeps, from which it may be separated by the want of the dark pectoral band, and other easily perceived characters. The shape of the bill is typical, but rather broader and flatter than in T. cinereum. I have also lately obtained two specimens of another species of this genus, not quite so typical in form or striking in plumage as the two last, but hardly to be placed without the limits of the group. This I propose to call 3. ToprROSTRUM EXILE, n.s. (PI. CXXV. fig. 3.) Supra olivaceum, alis caudaque fusco-nigris ; illarum secundariis et tectricibus flavicanti-olivaceis, hujus rectricibus olivaceo extus marginatis : loris et capitis lateribus fusco-albidis : subtus margaritaceo-album, lateribus flavido tinctis ; gutture et pec- tore striis paucis elongatis fuscis obsoletissime flammulatis : rostri nigri basi pallida, tarsis gracilibus et cum pedibus colore carneis. Long. tota 3°5, ale 1°7, caude 2°6. Hab. In Nova Grenada. The first example of this species that came under my notice was received from MM. Verreaux of Paris in 1854. It is labelled “ New Grenada.” I purchased a second not quite mature from Mr. Hurst of Albany in the State of New York. A third is in the British Museum, and is evidently a Bogota skin. The bill of this Todiros- trum is smaller than in the ordinary run of the species, but of nearly the same form, though not quite so flat. The tail is proportionately rather longer, the tarsi very slender. Besides the three lastly described, I am acquainted with sixteen _ other species commonly referred to the genus Todirostrum, namely— 1. Top. cineEREUM (L.).— Todus melanocephalus, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. pl. 9. f. 2; Desm. Tod. pl. 68: ex Boliv. Bras. Sept. Or. _et Mer.; Guiana, Cayenne; Venezuela; ins. Trinit. ; Nov. Grenada ; Bogota; S. Martha; America Centrali et Mexico Meridionali! 2. Top. MacuLtatum (Desm.), Desm. Man. et Tod. pl. 70 (To- dus cinereus, Spix) : ex Guiana, Cayenne, et Brasil. Sept. 84 3. Top. AURTCULARE (Vieill.), ex Brasil. Or. 4. Top. GRANADENSE, Hartl. (pectorale, Kp.), ex Bogota. 5. Top. ruFiceps, Kp. (multicolor, Strickl.), ex Bogota. 6. Top. poLtiocePHALUM (Max.), Beitr. iii. p. 964 (flavifrons, Lafr.), ex Brasil. 7. Top. GULARE (Temm.), Pl. Col. 167. f. 1, ex Brasilia. 8. Top. SQUAMICRISTATUM, Lafr., R. Z. 1846, p. 363, ex Bogota. s 9. Top. nicriceps, mihi, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 66. pl. 84. f. 1, ex S. Martha. 10. Top. cracriiirss, mihi, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 149, ex Bogota. 11. Top. cINEREIGULARE, mihi, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 295, ex Mexico. 12. Top. curysocroraPHuM, Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1850, p. 48. pl. 49, ex Peruv. Orient. 13. Top. GALeatum (Bodd.) (Pl. Enl. 391. f. 1.—Mot. cristata, Gm.; Euscarthmus cristatus, Bp. ; Tod. spiciferum, Lafr. et P. Z.S8. 1855, pl. Ixxxiv. f. 2), ex Cayenne et fl. Amazon. 14. Top. syzvra (Desm.), Man. et Tod. pl. 69 (Mus. Paris.). 15. Top. rumtrrons, Hartl. Journ. f. Orn. 1853, p. 35, ex Brasil. 16. T. RuriaAtuM, Hartl. Journ. f. Orn. 1855, p. 98, ex Brasil. Besides these, the following species have been described, and ap- pear to rest on good authority, but I have not yet met with speci- mens of them :— 1. T. ecaupatum, Lafr. et D’Orb., ex Bolivia. 2. T. MARGARITACEIVENTRE, Lafr. et D’Orb., ex Bolivia. . T. rurcatum, Lafr., ex Brasil. . T. paLpesrosum, Lafr., ex Brasil. (?). . T. stRIATICOLLE, Lafr., ex Bahia. ; \ ‘ ao ob + & . Triccus crinitus, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. 496, ex Brasil. 85 3. NoTEs on THE HaBitTs OF SOME BIRDS OBSERVED IN THE PLains oF N.W. Inp1a, 1n 1849. By Tue Rev. T. Put- Lipps, Baptist MisstonaRy. COMMUNICATED BY FRE- DERIC Moorr*. Part I. 1. Mitvus Govinpa, Sykes. The common Indian Kite. This bird, like all the Kites, soars at various heights in most grace- ful circles, but generally looking out for prey. When it alights on a wall or house, it utters a tremulous shrill cry. It is very cowardly, for though it will carry off parrots and young chickens, it is afraid of the crow, sparrow-hawk, &c. It will allow crows to pull to pieces a bit of meat before it, which it evidently is desirous to obtain. 2. AquiLa rMPERIALIS, Bechst. Native name, Jumbiz. I shot a specimen of this Eagle in a lonely tree, where it was perched with its mate. When killed, it had a half-digested rat in its stomach. The tendons of the skin were so extremely strong as to make its skinning a very slow and difficult process. I once saw this bird fly off with a partridge which I was on the point of shooting, and after a while managed to bring both down, and found that whilst flying, it had gutted the partridge and partly devoured its entrails. It sometimes seizes hares, with which, if very large and heavy, it can only rise about a yard from the ground; it then flies very slowly off ; frequently some of the farmers may be seen running after and frightening it to relinquish its prey. The Jumbiz will kill and eat half-grown peafowls. They often take away a grown fowl. I once observed it seize a tame half-grown peafowl which was flying down from a tree, and almost at the same moment the captor was attacked by another Jumbiz, and the whole fell to the ground together ; running up, I found that the first bird had its wing broken, and could not fly away. 3. H&MATORNIS CHEELA, Daudin. -T shot a specimen that was sitting on the top of a tree on the out- skirts of a grove, and quietly surveying the country im a motionless posture. In the rainy and cold seasons it may be seen skimming over the corn-fields in search of reptiles and field-mice. It was called Sikra hy the natives. 4, Hauiastur Inpvus, Bodd. The Brahminy Kite. «‘ This bird is amongst the first objects which attract the eye of a stranger, for they swarm about the shipping at Calcutta, and are useful in removing any offal which may be thrown away ; but though their usual food is carrion, yet they kill fish, and not unfrequently carry off a snipe which the sportsman has levelled.” —C. W. Smith’s Notes. * The names of the following birds have been determined by comparing the descriptions made in India by Mr. Philipps with specimens in the Museum of the Hon. East India Company.—F. M. 86 5. Baza Lopuotes, Cuv. The Cohy Falcon. The Cohy Falcon is one of the most beautiful of the Falcon race, and is a high caste bird. Its posture is erect, its plumage glossy, form compact, and manner dauntless ; while the crest on the head adds much to its grace and beauty. Mr. C. W. Smith in his ‘ Notes’ says, ‘‘ This is a scarce bird, and a specimen was sent to me by a native gentleman, and who acquainted me that it had not been seen more than orce by the oldest Shikari.” 6. ArHene Brama, Temm. Native name, Khukhusat. At a village a small distance from Muttra, a pair of these birds had taken up their abode in some low bushy trees growing at the entrance of the village, and were seen hopping and flying about in broad daylight and quite able to see us; which indicates their diurnal habits and familiarity. I have seen this bird in various places in broad daylight at sun- rise. I once observed it fly down from the top of a tree on the high road, and, picking up an insect, fly up again ; this insect it held in its claws to eat, like a parrot; seeing me, it bent down its head, as all owls do; and though I frightened it once or twice, it would not leave the tree, but only flew to another bough. Its hunting in daylight shows it to approach the diurnal Owls. At Brindabun I observed a pair huddled together at the end of a bough exactly over the tent. They slept the greater part of the day. One let fall its dung, which was as hard as a pellet, on my arm. Towards the decline of the sun, or between four and five o’clock, they woke up, and on perceiving that they were observed, gave one good stare and flew to another bough ; and on being again looked at some short while afterwards, they flew to. a low tree at some distance off. Its hoot is a plain single sound of hoo, not very loud, but very distinct. 7. ATHENE CUCULOIDES, Vigors. I once shot a specimen of this Owl in a garden, where a pair had taken up their abode in a dense and lofty tree. .In the stomach I found a small lizard, two centipedes, a whole beetle, and fragments of two others. 8, Buso BenGaAvensis, Franklin. This species is very common in the plains, and is heard where- ever there are tall dense trees, at night. A pair had taken up their abode in the ancient tamarind trees behind the Kazi’s garden. Ha- ving been once fired at, they are rather shy on perceiving that they are noticed. _ This Owl looks exactly like a huge cat when seen in a tree; the first one that I saw was sitting in a low tree in an orchard, and al- lowed us to gaze at it in the dusk for some time. We could hardly tell until it flew whether it was a cat or owl. Its voice is very different from the other owls here, being hw, hi, — 87 ww cat or horse gazing intently on anything. 9. Strix sAnanica, De Wurmb. This Owl lives in long grass, and is to be found in abundance some miles from Hodul. They may often be put up and chased by hawks. They fly but a very short distance. 10. Merops viripis, Linn. Native name, Hurrial or Putringa. This bird abounds in the neighbourhood of Muttra. Its flight consists of short rapid jerks, and a quick gliding motion, and it ge- nerally returns to the same twig from whence it set out. Some- times several of them may be seen wallowing in the dust on the high road on a sunny morning. It feeds on insects, and builds its nest in the high banks of the neighbourhood. Its nest is in a very deep horizontal hole in perpendicular banks of hard earth, but often so low as to be within reach of the hand. From this it appears, that whilst they guard against other birds, snakes, and squirrels effectually, they fear not man. These nests are generally on the high road-side, and the birds fly in and out unhesitatingly. 11. Merors Painiprinus, Linn. This bird utters a sharp whistle whilst flying, and also when perched. It flies for a much longer period and in a different manner to M. viridis, by taking several kite-like sweeps round and above its tree, and keeping on the wing for nearly a minute. It builds its nest in the same manner. There is a pair now (May 31st) near my house. [June 29th, 1849, killed one of a flock which are breeding in an old rampart opposite my. house, fronting the high road. Irides vermilion. ] Referring to the Urdoo names of the different species of the Bee- eater of India, it may be remarked, that the natives class them under two heads :—Putringas and Hurewahs (Hurrials), each consisting of two descriptions of birds ; the first of Chota and Bura Putringa, and the second of Chota and Bura Hurewah. The Bura Putringa is also called Goolal. The Putringas, it is to be observed, are com- mon all over India; while the Hurewahs are confined entirely to Bengal, and never seen above Barilly in a wild state. . The Hurewahs are of a size between the two Putringas, and the two species are distinguished from each other by a slight difference in size, and by the larger one having a yellow spot on the top of the head. The Hurewahs are considered good singing birds, and are brought up as such by the native bird-fanciers of the Lower Provinces, and who occasionally bring them up to Muttra for sale. These birds must be taken very young from the nest ; and they require as much care as most cage-birds do in their rearing and education as singing birds. The Putringas, on the other hand, are not good singing birds, and are therefore never caged or brought up as such. 88 The Putringa is also a very watchful bird. On the approach of a hawk, he immediately mounts into the air and utters a shrill mut- tering noise, which is well understood and taken up by all the other birds, who immediately fly to cover. 12, Hirunpo FILIFERA, Stephens. I have seen this beautiful Swallow in my own compound after rain, and also sporting over a stagnant part of the Jumna at Brin- dabun. Its nest was under a projecting part of the building over- hanging the water. 13. CypseLus arrinis, J. E. Gray. Native name, Abadil. Very common in the neighbourhood of Muttra. I have caught many specimens by simply standing at the bottom of a staircase in which were numbers of their nests, and waving the hat as they flew out, when they were instantly entangled. They appear half-blind or stupid after daylight. They quite fill up with feathers, &c., any hole in the wall for their nest, but when they build in the corner of a building they make a very thin cup-shaped nest. These nests they fasten one to another. The materials in the latter case appear glued together. Their claws are excessively sharp, and hold on to the flesh with desperate tenacity. 14, CaPRIMULGUS Native name, Chapka. These secrete themselves during the day at the roots of bushes, and fly out at dusk. They take such short and quick turns in the air, that a hawk can only with great effort catch them. The Sparrow- hawk alone is successful in this case. The natives believe that if it settles on a cow she becomes ill, and her milk dries up. 15. Hatcyon Smyrnensis, Linn. Native name, Ailhila. This is found near ponds and small streams. Sometimes it may be seen sitting solitary on the top ofa tree or the corner of a cottage, and at short intervals utters a shrill tremulous sound of seven or eight syllables, A7/éllilili, like a wire which, having been struck, continues to vibrate. It often utters this ery before break of day, and some- times during the night. In the dry weather it sits near the water-courses in gardens, and watches for insects of any sort in the damp ground beneath dense fruit trees. I have seen it twice alight and devour an insect in such laces. T have found this species breeding in the Kazi’s garden, and ob- served the female feeding her full-grown young one near the hole where the nest was. It waited for its food on the bough of a tree. June Ist.—Observed the male treading the female, which is done in a similar manner as in the ducks. The habits of this bird bear comparison with aquatic birds only in a few instances. Its organi- zation is, according to ornithologists, that of land birds, though the moderns have classed it with water birds, because perhaps they fre- 89 quent water, which however seems only because they draw their food from that element. The Kilkila is very common throughout the N.W. Provinces, attaching itself generally to pools of water, but frequently also to other places. I have often seen a pair attach themselves to my compound, and sit watching for hours at a time on some stick projecting from a “ chopper” or the branch of a tree in the compound, for lizards and mice, which I have seen them fly at and catch, and swallow after killing them by beating them against the stick they perch on. This bird becomes very familiar where it is not molested. It is easily caught with lime-twigs baited with a mouse or a mole-cricket. 16. Cerys varia, Strickl. Native name, Sufid Kilkila. This Kingfisher is very numerous, and is evidently a more retired bird than the preceding, and is only to be seen over rivers and large lakes, and seldom, if ever, near the habitations of men; over the former it may be seen hovering with its wings in rapid motion, ba- lancing itself in the air whilst watching the fish, on which it plunges with the swiftness of lightning. If successful, it flies to the nearest bank and eats its prey at leisure; if not, it flies on a short distance, with its eyes fixed on the water till another fish attracts its atten- tion, when it repeats its former manceuvre. Koureealah is another name applied by the natives to this bird. 17.. Tcur1TReA PARADIsSI, Linn. Native name, Taklah. Dr. Murray says that the chestnut and the white bird are the same species in different stages of growth; that the chestnut is the colour of the young one, and that when they moult they become white. The proof he gives is, that he has shot specimens during their moult, when they are partly clothed in their old chestnut, and partly in the new white dress. I saw a pair, one white and the other cinnamon, following each other, and I should say they were male and female. This bird can elevate its crest at pleasure. In general it is re- cumbent. 18. Pericrocrotus speciosus, Lath. Native name, Shah- Sakhi-Kapi. These birds are very restless, and frequent the tops of high trees, and ever chasing their prey. They generally fly in pairs. The natives assert that the male has seven females in his train, whence it has the above name, and also Shah Saheli Kajhumka, 19. RHIPIDURA ALBO-FRONTATA, Frankl. Native name, Sham- chirt. Extremely common in Brindabun, and I have seen it on the banks of the Jumna. It is very volatile and agile. It has a loud clear-chanting whistle. ee 90 20. Dicrurus macrucercus, Vieill. Native name, Bojunga. This bird may be seen everywhere flitting about trees, and on the backs of cattle. They abound in great numbers at the commencement of the high land on the Brindabun road. It is sometimes seen con- tending with the Hoopoe for the same insect. I saw one deliberately pulling to pieces a large insect which it held tight to the branch with its claw; the remaining piece it took in its bill and by a slight effort swallowed it. I once heard, about four o’clock in the morn- ing and whilst yet dusk, several Bojungas making a great whistling noise and replying to each other, and was informed upon inquiry, that they are accustomed to have great fun at this hour, flying about in antics. I would remark that the Bojunga and the Bhringraj (D. paradiseus) are different species of the same genus of birds ; the latter is an inhabitant apparently of the Nepal Hills, whence only it is brought down as a singing bird and sold at a fair near Bulubbut held in January every year. The Bhringraj is never to be seen in the plains, at least of the N.W. Provinces, in its wild state: it may easily be distinguished from the Bojunga by its having a crest of feathers on its head, and being more than double the size of the former, though the shape, plumage (except the top-knot), and perhaps habits are the same. The Bojunga probably inhabits the mountainous parts of the country as well as the plains, but certainly the Bhringra) confines itself entirely to the hills. The Thampal, which is another native name for the Bojunga, is unquestionably common enough in the N.W. Provinces, being found wherever there are large trees. It is fond of positions commanding extensive views : the top of a high tree is a favourite perch, where it performs the part of a sentinel in watching and giving notice of the approach of an unwelcome visitor. It has some peculiar loud notes of alarm, which are well understood by the less watchful but more peaceable portion of the feathered race. The Thampal has an innate dislike to the vicinity of all Raptorial birds, and will, withont any apparent provocation, attack and drive these away from its immediate neigh- bourhood ; but it is not until the breeding season arrives, which is from May to July and August, that this aversion and its natural pugnacity come out in full force. From the moment the nest is built, the male bird becomes extremely jealous of any encroachments upon the precincts of his dwelling, and during incubation his vigi- lance and ferocity are extreme. No sooner does he perceive the ad- vance of a hawk, &c., than, starting from his high perch, he launches into the air to meet it. As all birds seem to dread an encounter with this dauntless little champion, the hawk is often seen to alter its course immediately on observing this challenge ; but should it have the hardihood to continue the original direction of its flight, it certainly pays the penalty of its temerity; for the Thampal, mounting into the air a short distance above it, inflicts such smart blows, sometimes fixing on its back with his claws and beak for some seconds, as compels the hawk to beat a hasty retreat to some cover. Occasionally the female will turn out to assist the male in beating off a bird that approaches too near her nest. The following instance 91 of cunning in the Tkampal is worthy of record :—Riding slowly across the country one fine morning in pursuit of game, I perceived a Thampal on a projecting dry branch of a large tree, while at a short distance were a number of different kinds of birds in a field in search of food. Presently I sawa ‘“‘Chehee”’ or “ Gilgilla”’ spring up and catch a locust in the act’of flying away ; the insect was too large to be easily subdued by the bird, and struggled hard to get away; it did escape once or twice from the bird, but was as often retaken. The Thampal had evidently observed the locust’s struggles, and had once or twice tried to take it on its escape from the bird, but in vain. After one of these attempts he returned quietly to his perch, to all appearance giving up the idea of another similar trial. He had not, however, been there a few seconds, when—perhaps having revolved in his mind that the morsel was too nice a one to be relinquished without one more attempt—he suddenly uttered some of those shrill notes which indicate the approach of a hawk. So sudden was the alarm, and given with an intensity denoting imminent danger, that it sent the poor birds screaming with fright to a covert hard by ; the locust, being abandoned in the panic, was taken off as Jawful booty by the Thampal.: I satisfied myself that no hawk had been or was in the vicinity, before I left the spot; and am confident the alarm was a ruse on the part of the Thampal to get at the locust. 21. Lanrus Laurora, Sykes. Native name, Sufid Latora. This Shrike is common enough throughout the N.W. Provinces, and is one of the sentinels which watch and give notice of the ap- proach of Raptorial birds, hawks in particular. I have never seen it attempting to attack any large bird, but I have on one or two oc- casions seen it pursue and capture small birds in the fields. It flew after them round and into thebushes before it could effect the capture. A friend of mine (Mr. Blewitt) tells me he has also seen the same thing done by a Latora once or twice, and I mention this here be- cause I believe it has been doubted if this bird preys thus on the smaller birds. This, however, I am inclined to believe it does but seldom, and only from extremity cf hunger; its more usual food being crickets, lizards, &c., when they abound. I have heard that this Shrike has been trained, but could never be made to catch a bird larger than a sparrow. It is, however, used in another curious way for the purpose of catching other birds. The bird-catcher takes a Latora, and running a string through its nostrils, runs the same string through those of a common starling, and drawing the string so as to bring the beaks of the two birds nearly together, joins it ina knot. In this state one of the two birds is fastened to a peg on the ground in a field, round which spot a circle of lime- twigs is set up. As soon as the man withdraws himself, these two birds try to extricate themselves, thus making a great noise, which attracts all sorts of birds, and which try to separate the supposed belligerents, but who in flying about come in contact with the lime- twigs, and are caught. The Latora is considered among the birds of omen with the Hindoos. 92 22. LANIUS ERYTHRONOTUS, Vigors. Native name, Pila Latora. Is common about Muttra, seated on the top of the castor-oil tree, and screams with a shrill single sound, generally repeated with one high and one low note, like Qeek, geek. It utters various cries, ap- parently in imitation of other birds. It always seats itself on the highest or outermost branch, so as to command a wide view. This bird is inferior in courage to the Sufid Latora, and has never been known to attack live birds as prey, it living entirely on insects, &c. 23. TEPHRODORNIS PONDICERIANUS. Takes very short flights, and is not shy ; hops from twig to twig, and takes surveys around the tree by twisting its head in every di- rection. Having spied an insect of a soft kind, it seized it, then laying it down, deliberately ate it. I observed a specimen hunting in various trees. It was very tame, and though often seated quietly for some seconds, it was never idle, its eyes and head being always on the look-out for insects. It hunts for insects in and under leaves, and with its very sharp bill picks these out with ease. Having discovered the chrysalis of some insect in its web attached to a leaf, it tugged vigorously at it till it was de- tached ; it then devoured it. It did not attempt to catch flies. 24. Matacocercus canorvs, Linn. Native name, Ghanghai. This is most fearless in attacking the hawk. I once observed a friend fly his hawk at a partridge, and as it passed by a flock of these birds, they spied and attacked it after it had secured the part- ridge. They so severely treated the bird with their beaks, that it was glad to relinquish its prey and fly for its life. It was so fright- ened, that having once taken shelter ina tree, it was with the greatest difficulty brought back again to the fist. Its head remained swollen for a week, and afterwards it dreaded the sight of one of these birds. On another occasion I observed a number of these birds actually kill a sparrow-hawk. 25. Mauacocercus (? caupatus, Dum.). Native name, Peng. This bird is very common here. Its habit, size and colour di- stinguish it from the Bara Podna. The Podna lives in the trees, and there feeds on insects; the Peng hunts only on the ground. The first has the lively motions of the small Podna ; the other in- tently surveys the ground before he pecks, then hops a little distance with several great bounds, and then pecks again. The colour of the belly of the first is pure white, of the second only the chin. The Peng is also by far the larger of the two. The voice of the Peng is very peculiar, and at once distinguishes it from all other birds : it is a low under-toned warbling whistle, which it very often utters. A pair I have in confinement are all day long jumping from side to side of their aviary and responding to each other. They bear con- finement very well, and feed on grain. One of them has a malfor- mation of his upper mandible, which is bent down on one side of the lower ; he manages, however, to eat and thrive. 93 When alarmed and retreating from an intruder, they run by a succession of long rapid hops; and when they have retreated some distance, their appearance is very much like that of a large field-rat, both as to waddling, motion, colour and shape; the long tail always dragging on the ground, very much favours the deception. When they fly to a distant part of the same field, they go so very near the ground, that if their wings were not seen in motion you might fancy them running or skimming the surface very swiftly. It generally frequents the bottoms of hedges and open fields, in the morning and evening. 26. Pycnonotus pyczus, Hodgson. Syn. Pye. bengalensis, Blyth. Native name, Bulbul. Common in the neighbourhood of Muttra. It is sold in great numbers in Delhi, and kept both for singing and fighting ; the latter it is taught to do in the following manner :—The birds are placed on a string, to which they are tied, having a small range, in sight of each other. They are thus fed. When they wish to teach them to fight, they are kept hungry, and then are brought so near, that at the extent of their tether their beaks almost touch ; the keeper then places a little food on his finger between the two birds. As both are hungry, they become indignant at the chance of each other getting the food, and of course show fight, and if let loose will immediately commence. This bird is also taught to perch on the finger. A string is tied round its body and under its wings, and is thus kept prisoner with- out a cage. - The Bulbul sits on a solitary branch early in the morning, and keeps uttering a cry, consisting of two sounds, thus Kee kua. I have seen them hunting in pairs over the branches of large trees. Sometimes it feeds on the ground. I have found the nest of this bird in June, in an orange-bush, 4 feet from the ground. The nest was small, round, and contained four brown-spotted eggs. It is remarkable that these birds are attracted by any very bright red or scarlet-coloured fruit. I have seen them occasionally caught by boys with a ripe cherry hung up near a lime-twig or other trap, to which a Bulbul has been enticed by the colour of the fruit. _ Another native name given to these birds is Gul-doom, with re- ference, no doubt, to the scarlet patch under the tail. I saw a specimen of this bird perfectly white all over, excepting the scarlet patch under the tail. It was brought in a cage from Barilly, and the owner gave the history of the bird thus :—He was one day going about the gardens near Barilly in search of young birds (being a bird-fancier), when he saw a crow fly across his path with a young unfledged Bulbul, followed close by the parent birds ; as the crow flew close over his head, the man raised his hands and made a noise, which frightened the crow; the young bird was dropped, and being picked up was afterwards reared, when to the astonishment 94 of all that saw it, the young bird put forth white plumage, which it renewed, of the same snow-white colour every moulting season. Query. Could any fright received by the nestling on being carried off by the crow have produced this effect on the plumage ? 27. PycTorNis SINENSIS, Gmel.* Native name, Bara Podna. This is an elegant little bird, which I have often observed in my garden. It lives on insects, and spreads out its tail like a fan when flying. Mr. C. J. Davis of Agra remarks that “this is the bird said to support the heavens by its legs, lest it fall.”’ (See Shakespeare.) It generally builds in the Banyan tree. 28. OrroLus Kunpoo, Sykes. Breeds here in the rainy season, and may frequently be observed frequenting the gardens in the neighbourhood. 29. Corpsycuus sAuLarRis, Linn. Native name, Dayer. This pretty singing bird is much prized by the Mussulmen, who cover up its cage, and feed it with expensive delicacies. Its food is made of roast grain-meal, ghi and spices. It frequents the lower branches of trees, and catches flying insects. I have observed it hunting on the ground in the shade of trees and bushes for soft insects, flying or creeping. 30. KirracincLa mMAcRouRA, Gmel. Native name, Shamd. May be observed early in the morning perched on walls, low trees and mounds, singing very sweetly. It builds in old walls, holes in houses, &c. Mr. Davis says that the Shémé will sometimes imitate other birds, and that one in his compound, which had her nest near his poultry yard, used to imitate exactly the crowing of the cock, the call of a partridge, a kite and the Tuti (Lozia rosea). When caged it will imitate any other singing bird placed near it. It lays its eggs in the hot weather. 31. THAMNOBIA FULICATA, Linn. Native name, Kalchiri. Feeds on insects, as black and white ants. It constantly utters its sharp pleasant twitter when jumping about. Its note is twi a twi a twi, ending in qgueck. It builds in holes in walls, &e. When the male is courting, he swells himself out, and especially his red under tail-coverts, and erects his tail perpendicular. He then flies with a whirring sound. 32. PRATINCOLA CAPRATA, Linn. Native name, Pidha. This bird abounds here at the close of the rains, and may be seen perched on the tops of the dajra and joar when nearly ripe. It utters a sharp rapid wir, and has asong also, They answer each other. * Syn. Timalia hypoleuca, Frankl. 95 33. OrTHOTOMUS LONGICAUDA, Gmel. May often be observed on low bushes and on the ground, but also often to be seen in the tops of low thorny trees. It feeds on small tender caterpillars and grasshoppers, with which, when obtained, it flies to a tree above to eat. If it notices any person watching, it will hop down and return the compliment by inquisitively looking, first with one eye, then with the other, at the stranger, and at a very short distance, uttering at the same time a loud chirp. Having satisfied itself, it flies to another tree. This I have repeatedly ob- served. : 34. Bupytrs viripis, Gmel. Native name, Pila Mamola. This is a much rarer bird than Motacilla luzoniensis, and is not so active when on the ground ; it remains more in one place, and does not wag the tail so much. I have never observed more than one’ pair together. 35. Nemoricoxa 1npica, Gmel. Native name, Mamola. This may be observed in abundance at Brindabun in flocks of six or eight. They prefer hunting in damp grass in the open fields in the morning. 36. CALANDRELLA BRACHYDACTYLA, Temm. Native name, Bha- gera. , Observed here in the cold season only. 37. Ataupa Cuenpoora, Frankl. Native name, Chandil. This bird is highly prized by bird-fanciers in India, and great care is taken of it, as it has a very fine voice, and is taught to sing for a greater portion of the night. A faqir, near the mosque in the centre of the city, keeps all kinds of Larks in neat brass-wire cages. The Chandul rises into the air and sings all night till daybreak during the rains. 38. Mrrarra assamica, M‘Clelland. Native name, Bhatul. Common here, and may be observed in the morning and evening perched on a naked bank, and there pouring forth for a long time its song, which consists of about eight notes, the first six very quickly repeated and the two last slowly, thus—twée twée twée tw&e twée twee twéeé twéeé. It breeds here, as I have found the young but just fledged. It runs crouching very near the ground, and hides itself behind anything that offers. _ 39. PygRRHULAUDA GRISEA, Scop. Native names, Dabuk Chari and Duila (Davis). This bird builds its nest on the ground under a tuft of grass. The birds are nearly of the same colour as the ground, and they sit motionless until you almost put your foot on them. In running about they crouch and go a few inches at a time, whence their name 96 of Crouchers. The female bird on the nest is only discoverable by the eye. 40. Passer tnpvica, J. et 8S. Native name, Gourya. Lays four eggs, white speckled with brown. The nest is com- posed of grass, hemp, and lined inside with large soft feathers. I have observed them throwing out their dung from the nest with their beaks. 41. Procevs Baya, Blyth. Native name, Baya. The Baya arrives in the neighbourhood of Muttra in the hot weather, and begins to build during the rains. It would seem that they preferred those trees which, from any cause, are most inacces- sible. Thus, in this neighbourhood, they suspend their nests from the Babul (Mimosa arabica), the terrible thorns of which keep all intruders at a distance; but, however, where palm-trees abound, they always select them, as being quite inaccessible, especially at the extreme tips of the leaves, where they generally suspend their nest. The nest is generally commenced from the top, the birds forming a circle like a hoop, on which they sit and swing while working; the top of the hoop is gradually widened, so as at last to form a dome with two supports; and thus the work goes on, till the whole dome has come to the length of the bottom of the hoop: there the nest begins to be formed into two compartments ; on one side of the hoop the nest itself is placed, the other side being formed into an entrance. They build the nest with one kind of dry grass, and during its for- mation you may observe them walking over the outside of the nest, prying about in every direction, and here and there tightening a fibre by seizing it with their beak and moving their head to and fro. They do not seem in any great hurry to complete the nest, but are very anxious to have it the proper shape, and, I suppose, sufficiently water-tight : indeed, no form could be better devised for a bird which builds only in the rainy season. I have observed them suspend the making of the nest for a month after the first few showers till the heavy rains begin to descend. They often take the liberty to hop on to a neighbour’s nest and look about it, but never rob it of mate- rials. Sometimes the high wind shakes down the nest, if not at- tached sufficiently strong. One bird I observed commencing its nest from the bottom, resting it on a twig having plenty of leaves. The Bayas are very tame, and will allow you to stand under the tree whilst they are making their nests. 42. Munta Amanpava, Linn. Native name, Lal or Lal Munia. This is sold here during the rainy season for about two annas each. Many Rajahs keep men to teach these little creatures to fight. Their note is very pretty, when caged. They pass the winter with diffi- culty, and often die of cold. The only way to preserve them is to provide them with the nest of the Baya (Ploceus), into which they creep and huddle together. They are very easily caught in traps in which a Lal is confined. 97 43. CARPODACUS ERYTHRINUS, Pallas. Native name, Tuti. This comes from the hills in the spring, and feeds on the mul- berry. It is caught by the natives in nets, before which two or three decoys are tied. 44. Srurnra pacoparum, Gmelin, Native name, Pabiya Pawi. A very common bird. Elegant in shape and colour. Sings sweetly and is often caged. It is docile and hardy, and will imitate any other bird placed near it. It talks like a Munia, but with a shriller note. I observed it on May 31st building its nest in the hole of a tree close to a bridge. 45. Srurnus vuearis, Linn. Native name, Telia or Nakhshi Telia. Generally appears in great flocks in the neighbourhood of Muttra in the cold weather. The name Telia given to this bird and the Pastor roseus is most likely derived from Til (oil seed), which they are very fond of. 46. SruRNOPASTOR CONTRA, Linn. Native name, Ablaka. This builds a rather large nest in a conspicuous situation on trees of moderate height. It is somewhat shy. 47. ACRIDOTHERES TRISTIS, Linn. Native name, Maina. May be observed in the cold weather crowding together on the Babul trees. They have several notes: one is pratkh, praikh, another when flying is twee, twee. They may be seen of a morning feeding in the open fields upon white-ants. It is frequently caged and taught to talk, which it does tolerably well. _ 48. Corvus sPLENDENS, Vieill. - The sagacity and vigilance of this predatory bird is too well known to require much in illustration of its habits; but I have too often myself been amused by witnessing the tricks, to think some short account of the manner in which this exceedingly cunning bird is caught by the natives, would not prove uninteresting to the reader of these notes. To any one conversant with the customs of this country _ (india) I need not say that Crows, as well as several other kinds of birds, are in great request at large cities for “‘Sudga” or ‘‘ Ootarus”’ (ransoms) for the sick. Hence the necessity with bird-catchers of _ having a constant and well-regulated supply on hand, and as a Crow ean seldom be tricked twice in the same manner, the bird-catchers have recourse to various methods of entrapping him. One of them _ is this :—Feeding Crows on certain occasions forms part of a religious 4 eeremony with the Hindoos, and this share of the business is gene- _ Tally taken up by the women, with whom, accordingly, Crows. be- _ come very familiar, nay, sometimes so bold as to take the food from _ their hands. Taking advantage of this familiarity with the women of the country, I have frequently seen a bird-catcher attire himself _ No. CCCXXXIII.—Proceepines or THE Zoo.ocicat Socrery. 98 in the garb of a Hindoo female, and closély veiling his face and beard with the “‘Chadir,”’ issue forth with a Thaler loaded with sweet rice in his hand to invite Crows to a (supposed) feast! This invitation consists of throwing a few grains of the rice to every Crow. met on the way, and thus a flock is soon collected round the supposed woman, when the bird-catcher proceeds to his net, still throwing out a few grains of rice now and then to the Crows, who now follow him close. Reaching his net —which, by-the-bye, must be set at night and care- fully concealed under dust and sand, otherwise the whole plan would fail,—he heaps the rice on a spot surrounded by the hidden net, walks to the end of a string attached to the net, and as all the Crows are now very busy at devouring the feast, he suddenly draws the net over his victims. I need hardly remark that in the manner of laying the net, and in concealing his person, the bird-catcher must be exceed- ingly cautious, for should the least suspicion be created by any dis- covery, the farce would be at an end. The very arms and feet of the man must be concealed, and the sight of a beard would most cer- tainly send all the Crows flying in a moment. There are several other ways of catching these birds. 49. Corvus cutminatus, Sykes. Native name, Pahari-kawa. The habits of this are tolerably well known. 50. DenprociTTa RuFA, Scopoli. Native name, Dhanes or Maha Lat. The Maha Lat is a sociable, bold bird, found in all extensive groves and forests. It has several curious notes. They are generally found in pairs. Sometimes two or three pairs assemble on the same tree and begin to talk and quarrel, with a very singular sound of two syllables, thus—Kakak or Kekekek several times repeated in a gut- tural tone. It isnot much unlike the sound of the peacock, but not so loud. When not quarreling it has another note more agreeable. Perhaps this is a note of love? This too is a compound sound, and is generally uttered when there is only one pair ona tree. One of the birds utters the note and the other responds with a low purring sound. ‘To utter the full sound the bird lifts up its body from the tree, or shoots it forward, without rising from its legs. ‘The Maha Lat takes very short flights from tree to tree, and does not often alight on the ground. 51. Coracras 1NpIcus, Linn. Native name, Sulzuwk and Nil- khant. “ Though gifted with so brilliant a plumage, much cannot be said in praise of its shape. Its appearance on the wing is lovely, yet when perched we observe a large head, thick neck, prominent breast, and a pinched body, which is rendered more conspicuous by a Jong tail. It is a very common bird, is little afraid of man’s approach, and is pugnacious, driving away the crow without much effort ; it is a very noisy screaming bird, and in this respect is frequently very ¢ 4 99 troublesome. With the Hindoos it is esteemed sacred ; they con- sider it propitious if seen upon the day which concludes the Dasserah or Doorg-a-pooja festivals, and discharge their matchlocks to put it on the wing. The Birmahs commonly send parties to procure the feathers of this bird.” —C. W. Smith’s Notes. This bird often shoots up perpendicularly into the air, screaming as it goes, and then with as sudden and nearly as steep a descent plunges towards the earth, but only to shoot up again. This it often continues for some minutes, till it settles on a bough. When attacked by a hawk it shows great agility by twisting itself at the moment of the hawk’s stoop, and when caught with its power- ful beak it often seriously wounds the legs of its captor. The natives say that it sometimes breaks its legs. At any rate it has done this in the case of the Shikra (Micronisus badius). I once observed this bird flying steadily forward, when presently an insect some yards beneath attracted its attention, after which it dived with a sudden twist, seized it, and pursued its course. 52. Bucrros GINGINIANUS, Lath. Native name, Lamdor or Dhanmar. Is very shy, especially towards roosting-time. A specimen killed at Hasanpur on the Ganges received two shots and died after repeated attempts to strangle it. It uttered a shrill sound like Ak while on the tree and when wounded. In its belly was found a hard lump the size of a pigeon’s egg, which on being cut open was found filled with the fruit of the Peepul and other trees. 53. Panzornis Torquatvs, Briss. Native name, Gallar. _ Abounds in every part of India. They fly in great flocks to the fields and gardens, screaming as they fly. When perched on a tree, the Kite will sometimes swoop down on them and carry one off in its talons. The rest do not attempt a rescue, but fly in circles, screaming loudly. They destroy much more fruit than they eat, biting it off and letting it fall; this is generally unripe fruit. The owl attacks these birds by night, and their feathers may sometimes be seen in the morning strewing the ground. They make their nest in holes of walls and trees. On a journey in Rohilcund I observed one fly out from a tree with a scream, and, taking a circuit in the air, sweep back to the tree, when, just seizing the tip of a branch far too slender to bear its weight, it swung round and round as if for amusement, and thus _ turned several summersaults, till by a spiral motion it ascended to _ the firm part of the branch. ity PALZORNIS CYANOCEPHALUS, Linn. Native name, Tuia Tota. __ This Parrakeet is found feeding on the fruit of the Peepul tree. 4 x 55. Panmornis ALEXANDRI. Native name, Pahari Tota. 100 56. MreGALAIMA INDICA, Lath. Native name, Bassunta Insora. Abounds in Rohilcund, and is also a visitant in the neighbour- hood of Muttra. They generally occur in pairs, and I have seen them in all high trees. The voice of this bird is certainly very remarkable: it begins in a low tone, and gradually increases its pitch and its power until the whole tree seems vocal with one full rich sound. This ubiquity of sound much deceives a person endeavouring to see the bird which causes it, as he may look to any part of the tree, and his ear will never guide his eye. Another deception is the smallness and green colour of the bird, which hide it among the foliage; and the last is its immobility, for it remains fixed to one spot all the time it utters its note. When not thus engaged, it runs up and down the tree like a Woodpecker, displaying its beautiful yellow and green clothing. 57. BRACHYPTERNUS AURANTIUS, Linn. Native name, Sat- Ranga. This Woodpecker is rather scarce here, but abundant in Bareilly. It breeds once a year, in Asarh, laying three or four eggs of a light- green colour in the hollows of trees. 58. CENTROPUS RUFIPENNIS, Illiger. Native name, Mahika. Ihave shot this bird in Muttra. Its flesh is good eating. It is a very shy bird, and must be shot from an ambush. It moves by . hopping and sometimes walking stately as a crow. The Mahuka utters a cry in the morning so like that of an owl, that I was long deceived by it. The only difference is, that the kook, kook, kook, is pronounced a little more rapidly, and does not end in a run like that of the owl. The ook is uttered in a very guttural tone, and one bird answers the other—male and female. The cry is uttered on trees: it makes it with some effort, by swell- ing out its throat and bending its head. On opening the stomach of a specimen shot, a lizard about the length of the hand was found. This lizard was beautifully marked with black bars, and is said to be intensely poisonous. My Bhustie, a very respectable trustworthy man, said that he once knew of a buffalo that died from the bite of this lizard, in its tongue. 59. CoccysTES MELANOLEUCOS, Gmel. Native name, Chdtak or Popiya. Visits the neighbourhood every hot season, and is now (May 22nd) in the garden. It has been observed to rise high in the air long before day, and utters its notes, which are very loud. I once shot a specimen as it was sitting one evening on the bare ground, pecking at some insects, while its mate sat on a low bushy tree close by. It is not at all shy, for though my man and family stopped before it, and though his gun flashed in the pan the first time, it did not fly away. I have been informed that they go out for the day into the jungle and return by evening. 101 Mr. C. J. Davis of Agra informs me that this bird lays its eggs in the nest of Malacocercus, and that it brings up the young bird. _ This bird makes a great figure in Hindu poetry under the name of Chatak. 60. EUDYNAMYS ORIENTALIS, Linn. Native name, Koél. . This is common in the neighbourhood. It is a very fickle bird, not staying many moments on any onetree, It jumps about all the time it is on the tree in search of food, apparently uttering various cries besides Koél. It begins with kik, kik, kik, then koél, koél, koél, and. often talks low to itself hu, ku, kd, ka, like a crow, but in softer tones. On June 4th, 1849, I observed a female Koé/ feeding her full- grown young one with pipul fruit. The young one was perfectly the same size as the mother, but its tail not so fully developed ; its colour, however, was so unlike, that had I not seen it being fed by | the Koél, and for a long time closely observed their exact similarity ; of shape, their similar mode of hopping from branch to branch, and é the fact of the young following the female when she flew to another ___ tree, I should have never believed it possible that they could be of } the same species. The young was of a brownish colour, covered with dark brown bars all over, except the top of its head, which ap- peared dark brown or black ; its breast was light-coloured, and the tail with broad white and brown bands. __ From this fact it appears either that some Koé/s rear their own young entirely, or that they watch till the crow turns them out of the nest, and then takes the charge of them. An intelligent native confirms the last supposition, and says that at Gwalior, in the large mango groves, the female Koé/, from the time it has laid its egg, comes five or six times a day (although persecuted when seen by the crow), to see after the welfare of its young. This it continues till the crow drives out the fledged young one, when the mother flies off with it. This he has frequently seen. 61. Upupa evors, Linn. Native name, Hidhid. _ The Hoopoe is common in India. I once saw a fight between a _ Bhaj-ung (Dicrurus) and a Hudhiid (Hoopoe). This bird never _ feeds but on the ground, where it marches about with a bustling notion, and with its long beak hunts out all sorts of insects from ¥ Tes in the ground. It is very fond of examining all the holes at roots of large trees, where no doubt it often obtains a feast. It 8 with such jerks that no hawk can catch it; even the swiftest _ and smallest hawks do not succeed. The Persians believe that this _ bird used to bring Solomon all the news of the country. 2. Necrarinia asratica, Linn. Native name, Shatr Khora. his beautiful, purplish, steel-blue bird is common all over the rth-west. In the winter it may be seen sporting on the sunny of lofty trees. As soon as the Sahajna (Hyperanthera Moringa) 102 begins to blossom, it is constantly seen hovering before its white flowers, and as each forest tree begins to bloom, it rifles them of their’ sweets. It finds nourishment even in the Chamkra flower, and is now (May) every morning to be seen hovering over the poisonous Ak Madar Aling; with it many Humble-bees are seen feasting on the same sweets, and looking like smaller sun-birds. It is very bold, but does not like confinement, though it will suck out honey from flowers put between the bars of its cage. It sings pleasantly, 7. e. it has two or three sharp pretty chirps. It moults in the rainy season, and at this time its whole breast is yellow, with the excep- tion of a purple line in the middle ; the back feathers are all a dull olive-green, but with one or two purple feathers appearing. This bird often alights on the twig near the flower if smooth, and twisting its head over it, sucks out the honey. 4. DrescrirTions or some New Spectres or LEepipoPrEerRous Insects From NorTHeRN Inp1a. By Freperic Moore, Assistant Museum East Inp1a Company. (Annulosa, Pl. XLIV.-XLV.) 1. Prerts Nama, E. Doubleday, MS. (Pl. XLIV. figs. 1, 2.) Male.—Upper-side white ; fore-wing with a narrow brown line along costal margin, curving and widening across near the middle of the wing, and again tapering to posterior angle; hind-wing tinged with black (as if from intensity of that colour on the under-side) alorig the outer margin, where the veinlets are dark brown. Female.—Brown, with three longitudinal white streaks in middle of fore-wing, and two in the hind-wing: these streaks in some speci- mens being confluent and occupying nearly the whole of the middle of both fore- and hind-wings; under-side, along costal margin and widening to the outer margin of fore-wing, greenish-yellow, the rest white ; hind-wing greenish-yellow, darker on the veins, and nearly white along discoidal cell towards anterior angle. Expanse of wings 21 to 3 inches. Hab. Darjeeling; Sylhet; Bootan. In Mus. East India Com- any. B Remark. —The late Mr. E. Doubleday was acquainted with the male insect only, to which he applied the above MS. name to speci- mens in the British Museum ; both sexes I have now the pleasure of characterizing. 2. Pizris Seta, Moore. (Pl. XLIV. fig. 3.) Upper-side blackish-brown ; fore-wing with two rows of narrowish white marks, two lengthened marks between median and submedian veinlets, and four small spots within discoidal cell ; hind-wing with a marginal row of whitish spots, another row from costal margin widening towards the anal angle, abdominal margin broadly whitish, : a a le S Anmlosa XLIV Proc. Z Sanaca.Moore 4: Pieris 6 Pieris Durvasa.? Moore Seta. Moore 3 Pieris 2, Pieris Nama 4 Moore ieris Indra. Moore 1D. p c GH Ford Proc. Z.S. Ammilosa XLV. CH¥ord W West amp —— . = 103 the latter tinged with yellow, also a white linear mark in discoidal cell. Under-side as in the upper-side, but with all the markings on the hind-wings yellow. Wings shaped as in P. Thestylis. Expanse of wings 32ths inches. Hab. Bootan. In Mus. East India Company. _ 3. Preris Sanaca, Moore. (Pl. XLIV. fig. 4.) Upper-side white; fore-wing with the veins and veinlets broadly clouded with black, leaving only a row of lanceolate white spots on the outer margin, and another row of more linear-shaped marks ex- tending across the dise ; hind-wing with the veins and veinlets sharpl defined with black, discoidal and median veins clouded with black, the latter broadly so; also a marginal row of angular lunate marks ; anterior base and anal angle bright yellow. Under-side: fore-wing as in the upper-side, but the white markings more clearly defined, those near the anterior angle being yellowish ; hind-wing with the dark colour broader, and the white spaces nearly covered with yellow. Shape of wings as in P. Belladonna. _Expanse of wings 31 inches. Hab. Darjeeling. In Mus. East India Company. 4, Prerits Inpra, Moore. (Pl. XLIV. fig. 5.) Upper-side dark brown; fore-wing with a central longitudinal space of white from the base, also two small white spots near ante- rior angle ; hind-wing with the anterior base brownish greenish- white, also with two white spots near anterior angle. Under-side : fore-wing with a broad irregular fascia from middle of costal margin to posterior angle; anterior angle chrome-yellow, with some white dividing the two colours ; basal half white, tinged with straw-yellow along discoidal cell ; hind-wing chrome-yellow, and minutely irro- rated with brown ; anterior half of discoidal cell and space between each veinlet near outer margin white, also a dark brown dot on disco- cellular veinlet. Wings shaped as in P. Pavlina. Expanse of wings 3 inches. Hab. Darjeeling. In Mus. East India Company. The nearest ally of P. Indra appears to be P. Lalage, E. Double- day, Diurnal Lep. t. 6. f. 5, also from N. India. 5. Preris Durvasa, Moore. (Pl. XLIV. fig. 6.) Male.—Upper-side white ; fore-wing from middle of costal margin, curving transversely, apically, and scolloped to near end of outer margin, black, and having near the apex some white marks, gene- rally three, the outer ones being sometimes indistinct ; base of costal _ margin and body greenish ; on the middle of disco-cellular veinlets _ isa round black spot, and another more quadrate spot between the first and second median veinlets, the latter slightly touching at the angle the scolloped black outer margin. Female.—Black colour broader, the quadrate spot larger and broadly confluent at the angle with the outer margin, thus forming a white spot on middle of outer margin ; hind-wings of female with a marginal row of blackish spots, the extreme margin and anal angle 104 being yellowish-white. Under-side : apex of fore-wing pale yellow, the black colour forming only a curved transverse bar, besides the two black spots ; hind-wings wholly pale yellow, and having a small disco-cellular black spot ; body yellowish. Expanse of wings 2 to 33 inches. Hab. Darjeeling, Assam. In Mus. East India Company. The form of the wings of Pieris Durvasa is the same as in P. Paulina and P. Pandione. 6. Papitio Janaka, Moore, n. sp. (Pl. XLV.) Upper-side black ; hind-wing with a white patch on the disc, which is divided by three of the veinlets, thus forming four separate patches, the outer one on each side being the shortest, and the two nearest the abdominal margin being tinged with red; three submar- ginal and three marginal lunules and circular mark at anal angle red; tail with two red spots. Under-side black ; fore-wing with the base red ; hind-wing with patch on the disc as on upper-side, but the por- tion nearest abdominal margin nearly covered with red, which colour is continued upwards and downwards, occupying the base of the wing and the whole space between the third median veinlet and submedian vein ; lunules as above, but are larger, and a fourth submarginal one appears between the discoidal and first median veinlets ; tail spotted as above; cilia between the angles white; head, neck, body beneath and sides red. Wings shaped as in P. Bootes, Westw. Arc. Ent. t. 31. Expanse of wings 5 inches. Had. Darjeeling. In Mus. East India Company. Remark.—Papilio Bootes appears to be a near ally of P. Janaka. May 26, 1857. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., V.P., in the Chair. The following papers were read :— 1. DescripTion or CHINESE SHEEP SENT TO H. R. H. Prince ALBERT BY RutTHERFORD Atcock, Ese., H.M. Vice-Con- SUL AT SHANGHAI. PreEsENTED By H. R. H. To THE ZooxiocicaL Society 1n Aprit 1855. By A. D. Barr- LETT, Esa. (Mammalia, Pl. LIT.) These Sheep differ from all others that I have seen in not possess- ing external ears. In size they are equal to ordinary sheep; the wool is perfectly white, rather coarse and mixed with long hairs ; qH#HHS IVHONVHE T iteyudey N ¥ W 4 TT JTOM P ured! pitemure nw: a: 7-sarr 105 the head and face are smooth, and covered with white hair; they have no horns; the tail is short, rather broad, and turned up at the tip ; the profile is very convex. My attention was first called to these sheep from the fact of their great reproductive power. I find they breed twice in a year, and produce four and sometimes five at a birth, the three ewes now in the Society’s Gardens having this spring produced thirteen lambs. These lambs are very easily reared by hand, and are perfectly. hardy. Upon referring to Miss Corner’s ‘ History of China,’ pub- lished in 1847, it appears that since the introduction of the cotton plant into China (which took place during the Ming dynasty, about 500 years ago), the breeding and rearing of sheep have been neg- lected, as the following extract will show :— “‘ The extended cultivation of cotton was one of the causes that led to the almost entire disappearance of sheep from the southern provinces, for it was found that it would take much more land to supply a certain number of persons with mutton and wool, than with rice and cotton. Then the pastures were gradually turned into rice and cotton plantations, while sheep were banished to the mountains and less fertile parts of the country. For the same reason cattle, horses, and other domestic animals are scarce ; the few that are kept for the purposes of husbandry are poor and ill-fed ; for there is not a common on which they can graze, so that they are tied up in stalls when not employed in the field. Dairy farms are unknown in China, where people use neither milk, butter, nor cheese.”? In a recent letter from China, the writer mentions, among other matters, that in giving a good dinner to some distinguished friends, one of the choicest dishes was a leg of mutton, the cost of which was equal to 30s. Having submitted specimens of the wool of this animal to my friend Dr. Price, who kindly forwarded the same to Mr. Darlington, the Secretary to the Chamber of Commerce at Bradford, for the purpose of having it examined by the most competent judges, the following report from these gentlemen was received. They say, “That the sample of sheep’s wool from China enclosed in Dr. Price’s letter, is a class of wool which would be extensively used by the manufacturers of this district for goods of low quality ; that it ap- pears to be wool suitable for combing purposes, and would now command about one shilling per pound.” That the wool doés not appear to offer any great inducement for its introduction will be seen by the above report. I, however, think it highly probable by cultivation and judicious crossing, a great im- provement may be fairly looked for. It is, however, to us a matter of the utmost importance that we should possess animals whose power of reproducing is greatest, in order to supply the increased demand for meat. The origin of our domestic animals has been a subject of much discussion ; the remote period of their domestication involves us in much doubt ; and this mystery and obscurity will probably never be satisfactorily cleared up. It is, however, interesting to find in a 106 country whose civilization is of such ancient date as China, the most perfect of domestic animals: I mean by this, the animals that are furthest removed from their natural condition. Now, knowing what wonderful changes can be, and are produced in the vegetable kingdom by skilful modes of propagating, culti- vating and artificially treating plants, causing them completely to change their nature, producing all kinds of variety of monstrous growth, double flowers, fruit and seed in enormous abundance ;—all this being done by the interference of man, may I ask, is it not pro- bable that a people like the Chinese, whom we know to have practised these arts for ages,—is it not likely that they have by artificial means induced a similar power in these domestic animals ; as we find, for example, the pigs, the fowls, the geese and the sheep of China more prolific than the same animals in any other part of the world? In- stances of Chinese sows producing twenty-two at a litter have come within my own observation ; their fowls are certainly unequalled for the number of their eggs, and their geese as reproducers stand un- rivalled. It is almost needless to say that the result of cultivation, whether as applied to plants or animals, has produced an unnatural and ab- normal condition : instances too numerous to mention may be found, but it will be sufficient to notice the pigeons and ducks. The former in a wild state produce only two broods in a season; while im a state of domestication they continue to breed all the year. The domestic ducks not only produce a much larger number of eggs, but one drake is sufficient for a number of ducks, five or six ; while ina state of nature they universally are found in pairs. Experience has proved that by a careful admixture or crossing in the breed of the Chinese pigs, geese, and fowls, the mixed races are much improved in quality and size, while they retain the reproduc- tive power undiminished, and the animals are more hardy. As regards poultry, I cannot admire the celebrated Cochin China breed in their pure state, but I have abundant proof of their great value for breeding and crossing ; the least possible trace of the breed appears sufficient to impart all that is desirable, and by after-breed- ing, the improvement that may be made is as astonishing as it is un- deniable. As crossing the breed in the animals before mentioned has been attended with so much success, there is no reason why crossing the Sheep should not also produce a favourable result. It must not be supposed, because the Chinese have banished their Sheep (having found cotton and rice more suited to their climate and better adapted to their wants), that they are unworthy of our notice, taking into consideration that in this country we cannot grow cotton or rice. Having witnessed the many attempts that have been made to re- duce some of the existing wild animals to a state of domestication, and observing the utter failure in all instances of producing what may fairly be called a domestic variety of any true species, I am inclined to believe it is necessary as a means of reducing wild animals to a domestic condition, that they must be crossed with nearly allied 107 species; by this means the creatures are rendered unnatural, and consequently dependent on man. Different varieties would doubtless be produced, according to the manner in which they were crossed, and permanent varieties would be thus established, Such is the opinion, at which I have arrived, after a long and mature considera- tion of this extremely interesting subject. 2. Descriptions oF THIRTY-ONE New Species or Lanp- SHELLS, FROM Mr. Cumine’s COLLECTION. By Dr. L. Preirrer. 1. Hexrx suspecussatTA, Pfr. Testa perforata, turbinata, tenuis, irregulariter plicato-striata, superne striis spiralibus obsolete decussata, pellucida, virenti-hyalina ; spira conica, apice obtu- sula ; anfr. 6 convexiusculi, ultimus non descendens, peripheria subcarinatus, basi convexior, nitidus ; apertura obliqua, late lunaris ; perist. simplex, rectum, marginibus remotis, columel- lari superne vix reflexiusculo. Diam. maj. 14, min. 12, alt. 9 mill. Hab. Bombay. 2. Herix Granum, Pfr. 7. perforata, turbinato-globosa, tenuis, confertissime costulato-striata, pallide cornea, rufulo irregula- riter variegata ; spira conoidea, acutiuscula ; anfr. 5% convext, ultimus non descendens, prope suturam turgidulus ; apertura vie obliqua, late lunaris ; perist. simplex, rectum, marginibus subconvergentibus, columellari viz patulo. Diam. maj. 4, min. 32, alt. 3 mill. Hab. New Zealand. 3. Heurx ratua, Pfr. T. perforata, turbinata, tenuiuscula, ir- regulariter striata, vix nitidula, fulva; spira conoidea, acu- tiuscula ; anfr. 5-54 modice convexi, ultimus non descendens, peripheria subcarinatus, basi convexiusculus ; apertura parum | obliqua, lunaris; perist. simplex, rectum, margine columellari substricte declivi. Diam. maj. 5, min. 43, alt. 25 mill. Hab. New Zealand. 4. Hetrx prrmana, Pfr. T. perforata, depressa, suborbicu- laris, tenuiuscula, levigata, subdiaphana, alba, fascia | lutea supra medium ornata ; spira brevissime conordea, vertice sensim prominulo ; sutura levis, marginata; anfr. fere 7 modice con- vexi, lente accrescentes, ultimus rotundatus, non descendens ; _apertura vix obliqua, late lunaris; perist. rectum, intus sub- incrassatum, margine dextro brevi, basali fere rectilineari, superne vix dilatato. Diam. maj. 26, min. 233, alt. 12} mill. Hab. Mergui, Burmah. 108 ; 5. Hexix pecipua, Pfr. TZ. umbilicata, depresso-turbinata, tenuis, costulis membranaceis, deciduis sculpta, corneo-lutescens, rufulo obsolete et angulatim strigata ; spira subregulariter conoidea ; anfr. 5 convexiusculi, lente accrescentes, ultimus non descendens, peripheria subangulatus ; umbilicus angustus, per- vius ; apertura obliqua, lunato-rotundata ; perist. simplex, rectum, marginibus convergentibus, columellari vix patulo. Diam. maj. 33, min. 33, alt. 2 mill. Hab. New Zealand. 6. Hexix venuxara, Pfr. TT. imperforata, depressa, tenuis, confertim plicato-striata, sericina, corneo et rufulo strigatim et maculatim variegata; spira vie elevata; anfr.4} convexi, sen- sim accrescentes, ultimus non descendens, basi medio impressus ; apertura verticalis, elongato-lunaris ; perist. simplex, margine dextro recto, basali reflexiusculo, columellari declivi, subcalloso, adnato. Diam. maj. 6, min. 5, alt. 3 mill. Hab. New Zealand. 7. Hexrx sciapium, Pfr. 7. umbilicata, conoideo-semiglobosa, solidula, subarcuato-striata, fulva, rufulo obsolete variegata ; spira convexo-conoidea, apice acutiuscula ; sutura marginata ; anfr. 53 vix convexiusculi, ultimus non descendens, peripheria acute caurinatus, basi paulo convexior ; umbilicus 4+ diametri Sere equans ; apertura vix obliqua, angulato-lunaris ; perist. simplex, rectum, margine columellari viz patulo. Diam. maj. 54, min. 5, alt. 3 mill. Hab. New Zealand. 8. Hexix nipuas, Pfr. 7. imperforata, globoso-conica, solida, plicato-striata, alba; spira convexo-conica, apice obtusa ; anfr. 4+ convexiusculi, lente accrescentes, ultimus non descendens, basi parum convexus ; apertura obliqua, lunaris ; perist. rectum, marginibus remotis, dextro brevi, simplice, basali versus inser- tionem sensim incrassato, tandem breviter ascendente. Diam. maj. 11, min. 10, alt. 8 mill. Hab. S. Miguel, Azores. 9. Heurx turacea, Pfr. TJ. umbilicata, conoideo-depressa, so- lida, striatula et striis confertissimis spiralibus decussatula, parum nitens, fusco-lutescens ; spira conoidea, obtusula ; anfr. Ai convewiusculi, sensim accrescentes, ultimus subdepresso-ro- tundatus, obsoletissime angulatus, antice vix descendens ; um- bilicus angustus, pervius ; apertura diagonalis, rotundato- lunaris ; perist. crasse albo-labiatum, marginibus subconniven- tibus, dextro expanso, basali reflexo, juxta umbilicum dilatato. Diam. maj. 23, min. fere 20, alt. 12 mill. Hab. -——? 10. Hexrx exarata, Pfr. T. umbilicata, conoideo-depressa, : , 109 solidula, undique malleato-rugulosa, lutescens, fascia | castanea cincta ; spira breviter conoidea, acutiuscula; anfr. 7 parum convexi, lente accrescentes, ultimus latior, rotundatus, antice vix descendens, circa umbilicum mediocrem, apertum subcom- pressus ; apertura obliqua, late lunaris; perist. leviter albo- labiatum, marginibus vix convergentibus, dextro breviter ex- panso, columellari superne triangulatim dilatato, patente. Diam. maj. 30, min. 25, alt. 16 mill. Hab. California? 11. Hetrx Mormonvs, Pfr. T'. umbilicata, depressa, tenui- uscula, arcuato-striatula, pallide rufescens ; spira vie conoideo- elevata; anfr. 6 vix convexiusculi, lente accrescentes, ultimus utringue convexior, antice turgidulus, vix descendens, supra medium fascia castanea, utringue albido-marginata cinctus, basi converus ; umbilicus mediocris, conicus ; apertura perob- liqua, auriformi-lunaris ; perist. albo-labiatum, marginibus convergentibus, dextro perarcuato, expanso, columellari arcuato- declivi, reflexo, superne dilatato. Diam. maj. 29, min. 243, alt. 123 mill. Hab. Mormon Island, California. 12. Hexix proprnaua, Pfr. T. umbilicata, globoso-depressa, tenuis, striatula, albida vel pallide fuscula, fascia 1 angusta supra medium ornata; spira brevissime conoidea ; anfr. 4—5 convexiusculi, ultimus rotundatus, antice deflecus ; umbilicus angustus, pervius ; apertura diagonalis, lunato-subcircularis ; perist. album, sublabiatum, marginibus convergentibus, undique late expansis. Diam. maj. 16-19, min. 13-154, alt. 73-92 mill. Hab. Bombay. 13. Hexix sBicruris, Pfr. JT. umbilicata, depressa, tenuis, striatula, parum nitida, corneo-lutescens ; spira parum elevata ; sutura submarginata ; anfr. 5 convexiusculi, ultimus antice viz deflexus, basi convexior, pone aperturam subconstrictus ; umbi- licus viz pervius, antice rimeformis ; apertura diagonalis, luna- ris, dente libero longe bicruri parietis coarctata ; perist. bre- viter reflecum, album, margine basali bidentato : dente dextro usque ad marginem superum ascendente. Diam. maj. 9, min. 8, alt. 4 mill. Hab. Mexico. 14, Burimvus Farrsannt, Pfr. 1. anguste et compresse umbili- cata, ovato-conica, tenuiuscula, conferte striata et costis irre- gulariter distantibus, compressis, subarcuatis sculpta, sub lente exilissime spiraliter striata, haud nitens, Sulvescenti-albida ; spira conica, apice obtusa; anfr. 6 convexi, ultimus spira viz brevior, juxta umbilicum compressus ; apertura parum obliqua, 110 elliptico-ovalis ; perist. album, marginibus conniventibus, dextro mediocriter expanso, columellari stricto, late patente. Long. 19, diam. 92 mill. Hab. Abmeduugger, India (Fairbank). 15. Parruta Masterst, Pfr. T. dextrorsa, anguste umbilicata, ovato-conica, solidula, spiraliter subconferte sub lente striata, lutea, carnea vel violacea, in anfractibus superioribus interdum fusco-fasciata ; spira conica, acutiuscula ; anfr. 5 convextus- culi, ultimus spiram subequans, deorsum turgidus ; columella superne subinflata, recedens ; apertura obliqua, truncato-ob- longa; perist. callosum, undique subequaliter expansum, sub- planum, album vel fusco-carneum. Long. 18, diam. 93 mill. B. Carnea, anfr. ultimo pone peristoma striga lata violacea no- tato, dente parvulo albo profundo in ventre anfr. penultimt. Hab. Isle of Guam. 16. SuccinEA GUAMENSIS, Pfr. T'. conico-ovata, tenuis, rugu- loso-plicata et subgranulata, semipellucida, pallide cornea, albo irregulariter eroso-punctulata ; spira brevis, vertice subpunctt- formi ; anfr. vie 235 penultimus convexus, ultimus & longitudi- nis subequans, basi vix angustatus apertura obliqua, ubique incumbens, angulato-ovalis ; perist. simplex, marginibus callo tenui junctis, columellari leviter arcuato, filart. Long. 12, diam. 7, alt. 53 mill. (Helix putris, Fer. Hist. t. 10 A. . 10.) Hab. Isle of Guam. 17. SuccrnEA CHINENSIS, Pfr. 7. ovato-conica, solidula, leviter plicata, semipellucida, rubello-cornea ; spira mediocris, vertice subtili; anfr. viz 3, penultimus convecus, ultimus 4% longitu- dinis fere equans, medio ventrosus apertura obliqua, superne non incumbens, angulato-ovalis, intus submargaritacea ; perist. simplex, marginibus callo tenuissimo junctis, columellart angu- lum obsoletum formante. Long. 82, diam. 54, alt. 4 mill. Hab. Hong Kong, China (Mr. Browning). 18. SuccinEA BERMUDENSIS, Pfr. '. oblongo-conica, gracilis, striatula et impresso-punctata, parum nitida, carneo-albida, sparse pellucide strigata ; spira conica, acuta ; anfr. 34 con- veciusculi, ultimus 2 longitudinis subaquans ; aperturavbliqua, subregulariter acuminato-ovalis, ubique incumbens ; columella leviter arcuata, superne subcallosa ; perist. simplex, rectum, margine dextro superne obsolete.sinuato. Long. 101, diam. 54, alt. 42 mill. Hab. Isle of Bermuda. 111 19. CYLINDRELLA MacRostoma, Pfr. 7. profunde rimata, Susiformi-oblonga, truncata, solida, conferte striata, alabas- trina ; spira ventrosa, sursum attenuata, late truncata; anfr. superst. 7 vix convexiusculi, ultimus antice ascendens, basi di- stincte carinatus ; apertura subverticalis, oblonga, plica medio- eri columelle coarctata ; perist. album, late expansum, margi- nibus convergentibus, callo junctis. Long. 19, diam. 7 mill. Hab. Isle of Jamaica. 20. TruncaTectia Carirornica, Pfr. 7. non rimata, turrito- cylindracea, truncata, tenuiuscula, leviter striata, parum nitens, pallide rubello-cornea ; spira sursum vix attenuata; sutura simpliciter marginata ; anfr. superst. 4 convexi, sensim accres- centes, ultimus basi non compressus ; apertura verticalis, ova- lis, superne vix angulata ; perist. simplex, continuum, margine dextro expanso, superne subrepando, columellari adnato. Long. 42, diam. 12 mill. Hab. San Diego, California. 21.. LucipeLLa nana, Pfr. TT. conoidea, solidula, carinata, concentrice lirata, opaca, albida ; spira conotdeo-semiglobosa ; anfr. fere 5 convexiusculi, ultimus basi levior, medio impressus ; apertura perobliqua, subtriangularis ; perist. subincrassatum, margine supero leviter, basali prope insertionem valide dentato. Diam. maj. 3, min. 23, alt. vix 2 mill. Hab. Isle of Jamaica. 22. Hexicina Spruce, Pfr. T. globoso-turbinata, tenuis, levi- gata, diaphana, carnea vel pallide lutescens, albido interdum interrupte fasciata ; spira convexiusculo-conoidea, acuta ; anfr. 5 converiusculi, ultimus rotundatus, spiram equans ; columella breviter recedens, subincrassata, basi subdentata, callum emit- tens tenuem, albidum; apertura obliqua, semiovalis ; perist. breviter expansum, margine basali fleruoso, sinu levi a columella separato. Diam. maj. 9, min. 8, alt. §1 mill. Hab. Tarapoto, Andes of Peru (Spruce). 23. Hexicina Mereurensis, Pfr. 7. depresse turbinata, te- nuiuscula, oblique striata et spiraliter confertissime suleata, nitidula, carnea ; spira conoidea, apice lutea, acutiuscula t anfr. 43 planulati, ultimus compresse et acute carinatus, basi modice convexus, callo centrali nitido, granulato munitus ; co- lumella brevissima, basi obsolete tuberculata ; apertura. diago- nalis, triangularis ; perist. album, breviter expansum, margine basali cum columella subangulatim juneto.—Opere. margarita- ceum. Diam. maj. 74, min. 62, alt. 4 mill. Hab. Mergui, British Burmah. 112 24. Cyctostoma (Leproroma) Watuacel, Pfr. 7. perforata, globoso-turbinata, tenuis, oblique striata et carinis 5-6 sub- acutis, lirisque minoribus spiralibus munita, diaphana, albida, fasciis fuscis varie signata ; spira elato-turbinata, acutiuscula ; anfr.5 perturgidi, subangulati, ultimus basi albidus ; apertura obliqua, subcircularis ; perist. simplex, album, breviter inter- ruptum, margine dextro equaliter patente, sinistro superne sinuato, tum subangulatim producto.—Operc. pallide corneum. Diam. maj. 11, min. 9, alt. 9 mill. Hab. Borneo ( Wallace). 25. Cyctostoma (CycLopHorus?) zquivocum, Pfr. T. im- pervie umbilicata, globoso-turbinata, solida, sublevigata (de- trita) rubella, castaneo obsolete trifasciata; spira turbinata, acutiuscula; anfr. 53 convexi, ultimus turgidus, infra medium obsoletissime angulatus ; apertura verticalis, circularis ; perist. duplex : internum porrectum, igneo-fuscum, externum latiuscule _ et horizontaliter patens, ad anfr. contiguum excisum. Diam. maj. 28, min. 20, alt. 20 mill. Hab. Madagascar. 26. CycLtosroma (CycLopHorvus?) LiGNARIuM, Pfr. T. an- guste umbilicata, turbinata, tenuiuscula, oblique irregulariter striata, sub epidermide opaca lignaria rufa ; spira conica, con- | vexiuscula ; anfr. 54 convexi, ultimus basi subplanatus ; aper- tura diagonalis, ovali-rotundata; perist. duplex : internum album, adnatum, subcontinuum, externum, membranaceum, an- guste expansum, ad anfr. contiguum excisum. Diam. maj. 5, min. 43, alt. 4 mill. Hab. New Zealand. 27. Hyprocena Cuinensis, Pfr. T. perforata, ovato-turrita, vix striatula, nitida, livido-fusca ; spira elongato-conica, acu- tiuscula ; anfr. 7 convexiusculi, ultimus 4 longitudinis paulo superans, infra peripheriam angulatus, basi subplanatus ; aper- tura parum obliqua, tetragono-ovalis ; perist. simplex, rectum, margine columellari subdilatato, patente.—Operc. membrana- ceum, pallidum. Long. 15, diam. 8 mill. Hab. China. 28. Hyprocena vourina, Pfr. T. perforata, globoso-conica, solida, levigata, rubella; spira conica, acutiuscula; anfr. 5 modice convexi, ultimus spiram equans, rotundatus ; apertura parum obliqua, angulato-ovalis ; perist. subcontinuum, adnatum, margine dextro subinflexo, columellari calloso.—Opere. tenue, castaneum, paucispirum. Long. 8, diam. 6 mill. Hab. Fox Islands. 29. Hyprocena (OMPHALOTROPIS) CEREA, Pfr. 7’. vir per- i i a i i i Proc. Z.$. Radiata. P1.V ANTIPATHES SPIRALIS. ?. Lreduced. 2.natural size of Coral. CH Fora inside. & outside of bark magnified. 113 . Sorata, ovato-conica, solidula, levigata, vir nitidula, cerea ; spira convexo-conica, acuta ; anfr. 53 vix convexiusculi, ulti- mus } longitudinis paulo superans, rotundatus, perforationem punctiformem carina callosa obtusa cingens ; apertura parum obliqua, angulato-ovalis ; perist. simplex, rectum, margine colu- mellari brevissime fornicato-patente. Long. 43, diam, 22 mill. Hab. Norfolk Islands. 30. Hyprocena (OmpHatorropis) GuaMEnsis, Pfr. 7. per- forata, ovato-conica, solidula, conferte striata, opaca, carnea, rufo submarmorata et fasciata ; spira conica, acuta; sutura subcanaliculata ; anfr. 54 planiusculi, ultimus spira vix bre- vior, infra medium carinatus, circa perforationem carina com- pressa munitus ; apertura parum obliqua, ovalis ; perist. tenue, margine dextro expansiusculo, basali in carinam umbilicalem producto, columellari vix dilatato. Long. 63, diam. 4 mill. Hab. Isle of Guam. 31. Hyprocena (OmpHatorroris) NavicaTorum, Pfr. 7". anguste perforata, ovato-turrita, solidula, fusca, costis subdi- stantibus, albis, undulatis munita 3 Spira elongato-conica, acu- tiuscula ; anfr. 6 convexi, prope suturam filocarinati, ultimus 2 longitudinis subequans, supra “carinam impressus, circa perfo- rationem carina compressa munitus ; apertura vie obliqua, sub- elliptica ; perist. simplex, rectum, margine columellari viz patulo. Long. 63, diam. 32 mill. Hab. Navigators’ Islands. 3. On THE ANIMAL AND BARK OF THE GENUS ANTIPATHES. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., F.L.S., V.P.Z. anp Env. Soc. erc. (Radiata, Pl. VI.) In the ‘ Proceedings’ of the Society for 1832, p. 41, I described for the first time the bark and animal of Antipathes dichotoma from Madeira. It is to be observed that this species has been separated from the others of the genus because the surface of the axis is smooth and not covered with a number of minute, uniform, cylindrical spines like the true Amtipathes, and has been called for that reason Leio- pathes ; and it has been further stated, that though Leiopathes has a distinct bark and animal like Gorgoniade, this may not be the case with the normal species of the genus, some of which had been described by Ellis as having a very peculiar kind of animal. To set this question at rest, I have carefully examined all the spe- cimens of Antipathes which have come under my observation, and No. CCCXXXIV.—Proceepincs OF THE ZOOLOGICAL Society. 114 have failed to discover any traces of a bark or remains of any kind of animal matter on their surface, until a few days ago, when Mr. Samuel Stevens brought to the Museum a very fine specimen of a long simple-stemmed Antipathes from Seychelles, which appears to be a new species, allied to A. spiralis, if more than a very fine straight specimen of that species. This specimen is entirely covered from near the expanded base to the apex (except at certain parts where the surface has been ac- cidentally abraded) with a very distinct bark or animal covering. The bark is continuous, completely hiding the spinules of the sur- face of the axis, smooth, and showing a number of thicker, browner, irregular-shaped plates on the surface, which are separated from each -other in some places only by narrow crack-like grooves, and at others by a considerable distance ; and there is no appearance, in the dry state, as far as I can detect, of any apertures for the emission of the heads of the polypes. ' The bark in its dry state is thén tough and rather rigid ; when soaked in water, it becomes thick, coriaceous externally, and fleshy within ; when soaked in a solution of potash, the harder plates appeared to be formed of a rather convex horny plate of irregular shape and rather twisted on the surface, and the other part of the bark is scattered with groups of very small, uniform-sized, re- gular-shaped, oblong plates, of a somewhat similar consistence and colour. . The hard parts of the bark are quite distinct in form and ap- pearance from the spicule of the Gorgoniade. They are hard and brittle, not soluble in strong muriatic acid, nor are they affected by a strong solution of caustic potass. They are most probably sili- ceous. I have not been able to discover the tentacles of the animal, though 1 have submitted them to the same process by which I observed them in Leiopathes dichotoma, as mentioned in my former paper; but I have seen sufficient of the internal structure of the animal to lead me to believe that in its general character it agrees with that of the other Gorgoniade. OT ee Proc. Z. S. Anmulosa, XL Pp oe ray 3 jaan} S| =| —_ = Ss Tes I cS) oa 3 z a = fe} 8 ip] o a= = o Ay sH 12 m,Harley a Cite polyz onu ig 4 PENTASTOMA MULTICINCTUM ‘Harley: Ova in different stages of development. 115 June 9, 1857. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., V.P., in the Chair. The following papers were read :— 1. On THE ANATOMY OF A NEW SPECIES OF PENTASTOMA FOUND IN THE LuNG AND Atr-sAc oF AN EcyptiaAN Cosra. By Grorce Har ey, M.D., F.C.S., or Untversiry CoLiecr, Lonpon. (Annulosa, Pl. XLVI., XLVII.) Having lately had the opportunity of dissecting a fine specimen of Entozoon, which, as far as I am aware, is an entirely new and un- described species, a brief description of its anatomy may perhaps prove interesting to the members of the Society. The worm which I am about to describe was found in the lung of the Egyptian Cobra, Naja Hage, kindly sent to me for examination by D. W. Mitchell, Esq. I was fortunate enough to obtain four fine specimens, nearly all of equal size, from the same animal. They measure from 4 to 5 inches in length, and from 5 to 8 lines in cir- cumference. In external characters*they seem to resemble an En- tozoon found in the lung of a Cobra by Dr. Crisp, a short descrip- tion of which was given in the Proceedings of the Society for 1853, p- 22, Annul. pl. 30. fig. 7, by Dr. Baird ; who spoke of it as an un- described species of Pentastoma, and gave it the name of Pentastoma annulatum. Dr. Baird’s description of the specimen is, however, very short, and unfortunately incomplete, in consequence of his having seen only a small specimen, and that even imperfectly, on ac- count of the most important fact, the head remaining imbedded, and hidden from view in the lung of the snake. I think it probable, however, that the animal which he described is one of the same species as I have obtained specimens of. ' External characters. The body of the entozoon is of a white colour, elongated, cylindrical and strongly ringed (Pl. XLVI. fig. 1). It begins with a round obtuse head, attached to the trunk by a short somewhat narrow neck. The body then gradually widens for the first three lines, where it mea- sures in the largest specimen (43 inches long) 8 lines in circum- ference, and from here down to within a few lines of the caudal extremity, continues of nearly the same diameter. Below this point it becomes regularly narrower the nearer we approach to the poste- rior end, which terminates obtusely. The caudal extremity is almost of the same diameter as the head. The rings which are, as before mentioned, very strongly marked, commence close to the posterior part of the head, and for the first three or four lines, gradually in- 116 crease in size and distance from each other. They then continue of the same relative size and distance apart (2 lines) till within about half an inch of the posterior extremity, when they again, however, become smaller and more closely approximated. In all the four specimens which I examined, the rings were twenty-seven in number, aud where largest, projected nearly half a line from the surface of the body. In the fresh specimen, when examined with a pocket lens, the ex- terior of the rings appeared mottled with faint white-coloured spots. They were and still are quite opaque, whereas the intervening tissue is so-thin and transparent, that the internal viscera can be seen through it. A number of white bands or cords appear to connect one ring with another ; the bands are largest in the lateral and dorsal regions. A dark-coloured line extends along the back throughout the whole length of the body: this, as I shall afterwards have occasion to show, is the digestive canal. On the under surface, in the centre and near to the anterior margin of the head, which is slightly flattened from before backwards, is a round foramen, the mouth. On either side of this opening are two depressions, equidistant from each other, each containing a prehen- sile hooklet of a bright yellow colour. These booklets in shape closely resemble a cat’s claw, which can be extended and retracted at pleasure, and when completely drawn in, the points of them can be neither seen nor felt. The obéuse posterior extremity has a deep _ cleft across it, and on its under surface are two openings, one in front of the other: the anterior is the entrance to the vagina, the posterior the anal aperture. Anatomy of the Entozoon. Parietes.—The whole body is invested with a delicate, smooth, transparent cuticle, whicb can be readily detached by slight mace- ration. Beneath the cuticle are two layers of striated muscular fibres (Pl. XLVII. fig. 13), a vertical and a transverse layer ;—the longitudinal fibres are by far the most developed ;—the circular are in some places entirely wanting. The projecting rings, on the other hand, are not composed of striated muscular fibres, but consist of fibro-areolar tissue. They seem to serve as fixed points of action for the longitudinal muscles ; appearing to supply, in fact, the place of a hard skeleton. The interior of the abdominal cavity is lined by a fine transparent membrane, on which I thought I could detect a single layer of delicate pavement epithelium. Digestive System.—The alimentary canal, in consequence of its peculiar dark saffron tint, is readily traceable from its commence- ment to its termination. It begins at the mouth, and runs in an almost perfectly straight line to the opposite extremity of the body, terminating, as was before mentioned, immediately behind the orifice of the vagina (Pl. XLVI. fig. 4, @). Close to its commencement it is of the diameter of a fine crow-quill, and may be said to continue of nearly the same size throughout its whole course. It lies direetly 117 in front of the ovary and great nerves, and is almost entirely con- cealed from view by the innumerable tortuosities of the oviduct. It has four distinct coats, an internal mucous, an external serous, and two muscular layers, one running vertically and the other hori- zontally ; both of which consist in great part of the striated variety of muscular fibres *. The interior of the alimentary canal is marked by longitudinal rugee, from the surface of which long pyriform villi project. Nervous System.—The distribution of the nervous system of this highly organized Entozoon is, in some respects, identical with that found in the Linguatula tenioides, so beautifully described by Pro- fessor Owen. The large ganglion, or brain, is situated close to the mouth, and is intimately connected with the cesophagus, to which it seems to send two filaments (Pl. XLVI. fig. 4,4). I could not, however, satisfy myself of the existence of an cesophageal ring. The distribution of the large pair of nerve cords, which extend almost throughout the whole length of the body, differs very materially from that found in the Linguatula tenioides ; for, after passing over the fallopian tubes, instead of running down the sides of the ventral aspect of the body, they continue along the dorsum, behind the ali- mentary canal and close to the ovary (Pl. XLVI. fig. 4, ec). They are at last gradually lost sight of a few lines above the anus. Organs of Reproduction.—In attempting to describe the organs of reproduction in this animal, I shall begin at the vagina and trace them gradually upwards, for it was by following this course that I was enabled, with the aid of the microscope, to distinguish the dif- ferent organs, and to ascertain the function of their various parts. The orifice of the vagina is situated immediately in front of the anal aperture (Pl. XLVI. fig. 4, d). The vagina itself is about the thickness of a pin, and from 3 to 6 lines in length; it gradually widens out into the oviduct, or more correctly speaking, the uterus (Pl. XLVI. fig. 4, e). For about the first 6 inches the uterus has a greater diameter than the alimentary canal; it then however be- comes gradually narrower, till its diameter does not exceed that of a fine knitting-needle, and continues of this size till within a few lines of its termination, where it contracts still more. At its upper point of attachment, which is opposite the third or fourth ring, its diameter is not greater than that of the vagina. In two of the speci- mens I measured the length of the uterus, and found it to be 40 inches from the orifice of the vagina to the place of its attachment opposite the third or fourth ring. Thus it is seen to be nearly ten times the length of the entozoon in which it is coiled up. Although it conceals the alimentary canal, it is not, as in the case of the Lin- guatula tenioides, coiled round it; neither has it the ferruginous tint spoken of by Owen as belonging to the oviduct of the latter species. It is, on the contrary, of a pale straw-colour when full of ova, and almost quite colourless when empty. Its parietes are thin * Ficinus and Valentin found indistinctly striated muscular fibres in the human stomach, 118 and transparent, and when viewed with the microscope are seen to be muscular, both longitudinal and circular fibres being distinctly visible. They consist of the non-striated variety of muscular fibre (Pl. XLVII. fig. 14). The fully developed ova are not attached to the parietes of the uterus by any connecting cellular substance, for on being cut across, the ova immediately flow out, and the parietes collapse. On the other hand, the imperfectly developed ova found in the upper portion of the uterus have a darker colour, and seem to be adherent by a glutinous material not only to each other, but also to the walls of the organ. At the upper point of its attachment to the abdominal parietes are two oblong bodies of a dull white colour (Pl. XLVI. fig. 4, ff). These bodies open directly into the uterus. On examination they were found to be filled with spermatozoa in all the various stages of development, from the primitive granule up to the perfectly formed spermatic filament (Pl. XLVII. fig. 8). The filaments are of con- siderable length, and are amassed together in bundles of tolerable size (Pl. XLVII. fig. 8, a). Some of the fully formed spermatozoa with large heads measured 4, mm. in length, and a few were even longer still. A question of great interest and importance might be here raised regarding the special function of these oblong bodies, which, as I have just mentioned, contain innumerable spermatozoa in various stages of development. Are they the spermatheca or copulatory pouches of a female ; or are they to be regarded as the testicles or male organs of generation of a hermaphrodite? I shall defer the consideration of this important point until after I have terminated the description of the animal. The organs just alluded to, which, for the sake of brevity, I shall speak of as testicles, are attached to the parietes of the entozoon by strong bands of striated muscular fibres. At the upper part of their point ef union, the uterus divides into two fallopian tubes, which gracefully curve round the digestive canal, pass behind the two great nerve cords, and after getting between them, reunite to form the ovary (Pl. XLVI. fig. 4,99). The ovary is of a ferru- ginous colour, intimately attached in the mesial line to the dorsal aspect of the animal, and continued downwards between the nerve cords and behind the alimentary canal to within about 5 lines from the anus, where it suddenly terminates in a blind sae. When viewed through a lens, the coats of the ovary are seen to be thin and transparent, and not closely surrounding their contents. They are here and there thrown into loose folds, and the ova can be distinctly observed in their interior, like a series of bunches of grapes closely strung together (Pl. XLVI. fig. 5). When the ova are highly magnified, they are recognized to be spherical bodies attached to- gether by littleypeduncles, and to consist of a tunic or yelk-sac, a gra- nular yelk and a germinal vesicle. I even detected in many of them the germinal spot (Pl. XLVI. fig. 6 d.). On tracing the development of the ova, I found that the germinal spot disappeared from them as soon as they had passed out of the =~ - 119 fallopian tubes into the upper attached portion of the uterus,—no doubt, in consequence of the ova having been impregnated during their transit through that portion of the uterus into which the testicles open as already described. From this point downwards the progressive development of the ova can be readily followed. But as this communication has already extended beyond the limits I had marked out for it, instead of giving my readers a detailed descrip- tion of the process of development, I shall take the liberty of refer- ring them to the accompanying figures, which accurately represent the different appearances observed in the ova from the time of their exit from the ovary till their arrival in the vagina (Pl. XLVI. fig. 7, Pl. XLVII. figs. 9, 10, 11 and 12). I may here only further re- mark, that impregnation evidently takes place from above down- wards, and that no spermatozoa in any stage of development could be detected in any part of the uterus ; thus forbidding the idea of the animals having received the vivifying fluid from a separate male organ after the uterus had been filled with ova. Having now completed my remarks upon the anatomy of the en- tozoon, I shall proceed to say a few words upon the important ques- tion of its sex, and I may premise these words by observing that it appears to me that some naturalists are at present running to extremes in attempting to find separate sexes in all animals, and to prove that there is no such thing as hermaphroditism in nature. Ultra views are at all times to be condemned, and I think in no case more so than the present, when the obstacles besetting the path to a definite conclusion are as complicated as they are numerous. A few years ago several members of the genus Pentastoma were regarded as true hermaphrodites by the most distinguished naturalists ; and now since some of the species have been ascertained to have separate sexes, a recent writer has ridiculed the idea of a single example of this large genus having male and female organs of generation united in one individual. Ido not intend to say that he has erred in jumping too hastily to his conclusion, but merely to remark that the entozoon which I have described in the foregoing pages, if not strictly belong- ing to the genus Pentastoma, is yet in many of its characters very closely allied to it, and that it still remains to be shown that this animal is not a hermaphrodite. As there are two sides to every question, and as it is wrong to give an opinion before both have been examined, I shall briefly state my reasons for thinking it possible that the animal we have just been considering is a female, and that the true male organs of generation are to be sought for in another indi- vidual. The Linguatula tenioides, which is the nearest allied species to my entozoon, was described by naturalists of the very highest stand- ing, such as Owen, Valentin, Von Siebold, Dujardin and others, as a hermaphrodite, in consequence of their finding that it possessed, in each individual, organs containing the female and organs containing the male reproductive materials in different stages of their develop- ment; and that these organs were not only so arranged as to allow of the vivifving contents of the one coming into contact with those 120 of the other ; but that a common canal resulting from the union of the channels through which the ova from the female and the sper- matic filaments from the male organ passed, contained the fructified result of such a reunion, as that of the opposite sexes could alone secure. The presence of a product in an organ, however, not being suffi- cient to ensure that it was produced by, and not introduced into, that organ, the question naturally arose in the minds of some, whe- ther we were justified in regarding the organs in the Linguatula tenioides containing the ova, as ovaries, and those containing the spermatozoa as testicles. At first some doubted, and at last others have denied, the reunion of the sexes in this species of Pentastoma. Van Beneden, the champion of the latter class of naturalists, states * that in four examples of the species of “ Linguatula de Diesing,” and in two others of another kind found in the lung of a Boa, he ascertained the male and female organs of generation to be in differ- ent individuals, and that Owen, Valentin, Von Siebold and others, have erred in describing the L. tenioides as a hermaphrodite. He describes the testicle in the male as being about 4 of the length of the body, and lying behind the alimentary canal, consisting of a pouch with thin parietes, terminating behind in a cul-de-sac. From the upper part of the testicle branch off two vasa deferentia, and from the end of each, floats an organ which he looks upon as a pro- state. These open into round vesicles constricted in the middle, each contaming a coiled-up tube, which he describes as a penis. I have quoted Van Beneden’s description of a male Pentastoma, because in the nasal fossa of the Cobra, from which I obtained my four specimens of entozoa, I found two small Pentastoma of about 12 inch in length (Pl. XLVI. fig. 2) ; and on dissecting one I found it to agree in every respect with Van Beneden’s description of the male Linguatula. ‘The question then occurred to me, whether or not I might look upon them as being two males and my large specimens four females of the same species. The two small entozoa found in the nasal fossa look exactly like some other Pentastoma which I ob- tained from the cellular «tissue of a Morocco Cobra. Even taking into account the fact that the male is often much smaller than the female entozoon, their external characters and apparently their mode of life are so very different from those of the large worms found in the lungs, that I can scarcely believe them to belong to the same species of animal. Even admitting that they were the males of my large entozoon, I do not see how they could get their spermatozoa into the spermatheca of the large animals. Van Beneden says he found an opening for the penis to get out immediately behind the mouth, but then this organ, which he calls the penisf, is only a few lines in length, and consequently could project the seminal finid but a trifling way up the uterus, which, as before mentioned, is 40 inches long. The pouches containing the semen are situated too at the * Ann. des Sciences Naturelles, 3me série, tome 11-12, p. 325. + Texamined what he took for the penis, and I have some doubts if it, or rather they, for there are two, are really what he supposes them to be. 121 very top of this immensely long duct. It may be said that the spermatozoa could find the way up themselves. That I admit might be the case if they were fully developed, and consequently moving filaments; but it would be impossible for them to get up in the un- developed condition in which some of them are found in the pouches. Besides this, if they were injected into the vagina, why did they not impregnate any of the ova on their passage up? Impregnation is distinctly seen to have taken place from above downwards, not from below upwards, or in any irregular manner. The only satisfactory way of accounting for the presence of sper- matozoa in different stages of development in the copulatory pouches, supposing that they were not generated there, would be to find a channel by which they might enter without having to pass through the 40 inches of oviduct. Now I have carefully searched for such a channel and can find no trace of one. Neither can I find any open- ing into the animal near to the spermatheca except the mouth, and I do not think any one will consider that a likely door for them to enter at. : I admit that my not being able either to detect a tube or an open- ing into the spermatheca does not incontrovertibly prove that no such tube or opening exists. But I think that fact taken in con- nexion with the others, especially that of the spermatic filaments being found in various stages of development in the pouches, is tole- rable evidence in support of the idea that the organ containing the spermatozoa is the one which generated them. And until we hear some more conclusive arguments on the opposite side, we may con- sider ourselves justified m regarding the spermatheca as testicles, and calling the entozoon a true hermaphrodite. In conclusion, I have a word to add regarding the habits of the entozoon I have been describing. I found two of them with their heads projecting through the air-sac of the Cobra, and firmly fixed by their prehensile hooklets to a large blood-vessel ; from which I conclude that they feed directly upon the blood of the animal they inhabit. They appear to be blood-suckers in the strictest sense of the word. In order to get to the blood-vessels to which they anchor themselves by their hooks, the worm has to pierce the surrounding tissues, and the hooks are no doubt made retractile into the de- pression in order to enable the animal again to withdraw its head after it has finished its meal. I found in the collection of Dr. Sharpey a fine specimen of an entozoon closely resembling the one I have been speaking of (Pl. XLVI. fig. 3) ; the only difference being that it is shorter and thicker, has only nineteen strong projecting rings instead of twenty- seven, and that its tail is conical and not cleft; farther, that the vagina is about.a line in front of the anus. Unfortunately no history is attached to this specimen. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. 122 DESCRIPTION OF ANNULOSA, PLATES XLVI. AND XLVII. Puate XLVI. 1. The entozoon ; natural size. a, The head; the under surface showing the mouth and four prehen- sile hooklets (two on either side of the buccal aperture). b. The caudal extremity, showing the cleft across it. c. The projecting rings. 2. Small entozoon found in the nasal fossa of the Cobra; natural size. 3. Large entozoon found in Dr. Sharpey’s collection. : a. Head, with the mouth and four hooklets. b. The conical caudal extremity. c. The entrance to the vagina. d. The anal aperture. 4, Entozoon, fig. 1, dissected. Opened on the dorsum a little to the left of the mesial line. a,a. The digestive canal. b. The cesophageal ganglion. c. The great nerve cords. d. The vagina. e,e. The uterus or oviduct. Jt, f. The copulatory pouches or testicles (?). g,g- The ovary. h. The fallopian tubes. 5. Portion of the ovary. a, a. The ova, resembling bunches of grapes. 4, 6. The homogeneous membrane loosely covering the ova. 6. A bunch of ova highly magnified. a. The yelk-sac, consisting of a double wall. 6. The granular yelk. c. Germinal vesicle: indicated by the light-coloured space. d. Germinal spot. 7. Impregnated ovum from the upper portion of the uterus. Puate XLVII. 8. Spermatozoa found in the copulatory pouches or testicles (?). a,a. Granular cells. . b. The imperfectly developed spermatic filaments amassed together in large bundles. ce. Fully formed spermatozoa. 9. Ovum taken from the uterus 6 inches below its upper attachment. a. The granular yelk becoming condensed and retracted from the yelk- sac. 10. View of ovum in a more advanced stage of development. 11. Profile view of a fully developed ovum. Two sets of hooklets are here shown. 12. Face-view of the same, in order to show the arrangement of the four pairs of hooklets, and general form of the animal. 13. Striated muscular fibres from the parietes of the parent entozoon. 14, Magnified view of a small portion of the uterus, to shew its double layer of non-striated muscular fibres. 123 2. DescrirTION oF THIRTEEN New Species or PALUDINACEA FROM CEYLON, IN THE COLLECTION OF HuGu Cuming, Esa. By H. Dourn. Genus 1. PALUDINA. 1. Patupina ceytonica. Testa ovato-conica, perforata, soli- diuscula, viridis, versus apicem fuscescens ; spira magis minusve elevata, exserta ; anfractus convexi, ad suturam et basin obso- lete, medio acute carinati; spiraliter et longitudinaliter striata ; sutura simplex, impressa; apertura ovata, intus alba, peri- stoma subincrassatum, refleriusculum, nigrum, Long. 21, lat. 16; apert. long. 123, lat. 9 mill. Genus 2. Biraynia. 1. BrrHyNIA STENOTHYROIDES. Testa ovata, tenera, alba vel Sulva, pellucida, nitida ; anfractus 4-5 convexiusculi, ultimus effiatus, ventricosus, ad basin leviter carinatus, antice descend- ens ; sutura simplex ; apertura oblongo-ovata, parum coarctata, ad basin acuta, alba. Operculum oblongo-ovatum, testaceum, crassum, concentrice striatum. Long. 54, lat. 43; apert. long. 3, lat. 2 mill. Ceylon, Nilgherries. This species has some characters of Stenothyra. The last whorl is unusually great, the mouth somewhat contracted, but the general aspect is that of Bithynia. 2. Brruynia inconspicua. Testa oblongo-conica, tenera, alba vel fulva, pellucida ; spira acuta ; anfractus 4-5 convexiusculi, sub lente leviter longitudinaliter striati ; apertura oblonga. Operculum testaceum, concentricum. Long. 5, lat. 32; apert. long. 24, lat. 13 mill. In shape nearly allied to our common B. tentaculata, but differ- ing in size; the whorls are rounder, broader in proportion to the height, and flatter than in B. orcula, Bens., and the whole form is more conic. Genus 3. PaLupomus. 1. Patupomvus FuteuRATuS. Testa oblongo-ovata, tenera ; spira elevata, apice obtuso, leviter longitudinaliter et spiraliter striata, lete olivacea, fusco fulgurata, ad suturam impressam Susco fasciata ; anfractus quatuor convexi, supra medium ob- solete carinati ; apertura oblonga, simplex, albida, lineis fuscis, pellucentibus. Operc.? Long. 16, lat. 13; apert. long. 11, lat. 6 mill. 2. Patupomus nasutus. Testa solida, oblongo-conica, apice acuto, nigrescens, versus apicem albicans, ad suturam linea valde impressa distincta, obsolete decussata ; anfractus quatuor 124 convexiusculi, ultimus medio leviter angulatus ; apertura sim- plex, oblonga, albida. Operc.? Long. 12, lat. 8; apert. long. 74, lat. 4} mill. 3. Patupomus spH#zricus. Testa solida, globosa, olivacea, parum nitida, confertim longitudinaliter et transverse striata; . spira depressa, exserta; anfractus rotundati, fasciatimspiraliter nigro-maculati ; sutura simplex, alba. Long. 18, lat. 17 ; apert. long. 15, lat. 12 mill. This species is still rounder than P. globulosus, R., and different in the markings and sculpture: P. globulosus is in the upper part of the whorls slightly angulated; the whorls of P. sphericus are round. 4. Patupomus souipus. Testa ovato-oblonga, solidissima, flava, brunneo-maculata ; spira exserta ; anfractus convext, spiraliter suleati, sub lente longitudinaliter striati ; sutura impressa ; apertura crassa, alba, semicircularis. Operculum corneum, ni- grescens, concentrice striatum, nucleo sinistro. Long. 19, lat. 143 ; apert. long. 13, lat. 10 mill. 5. PALUDOMUS DISTINGUENDUS. Testa ovata, olivacea, nitida, fasciis nigris fulguratis longitudinaliter picta, spiraliter et longitudinaliter striata ; spira exserta ; apertura ovata, ceru- lescens; peristomate nigro, obsolete dentato; margine columellari planato, fasciis nigris, pellucentibus. Long. 25, lat. 19 ; apert. long. 18, lat. 125 mill. Nearly allied in shape to P. sulcatus, but differing in the sculpture and the inside of the mouth. 6. Patupomus Cumineianus. JZ. globosa, solida, olivaceo- fusca, obsolete spiraliter sulcata; spira valde depressa, exserta; anfractus ultimus ceteros superans, ad suturam in formam canalis impressus ; apertura magna, obliqua, flavescens, intus albida, lineis nigris undatis langitudinaliter distincta. Long. 33, lat. 34; apert. long. 30, lat. 24 mill. Belongs in the same group with P. Gardeneri, R. ; very distinet in the deep channel-like impression on the upper part of the whorl, and in the large size of the mouth. 7, PaLtupomus pRoMeEpDARIvs. Testa oblongo-ovata, nigra, obsolete spiraliter, longitudinaliter striata; anfractus con- veri, ultimus antice valde deflewus ; apertura subcircularis, alba, obsolete dentata, interdum flavo-cincta. Operculum sub- triangulare, corneum, nucleo laterali dextrorso. Long. 29, lat. 21; apert. long. 203, lat. 16 mill. 8. Patupomus SKInNERI. Testa ovata, nigricanti-olivacea, confertim costis squamatis spiraliter cingulata, supra medium obsolete carinata; apertura semicircularis, alba, intus ceru- lescens. Long. 35, lat. 32; apert. long. 29, lat, 21 mill. ~ ee 125 I woultl rather consider this as a variety of P. loricatus, R.; but as Mr. Cuming, who has a particular interest for this genus, said that he was convinced it was a distinct species, I give the description of it. / 9, Patupomus Swarnsonr. Testa ovata, solida, olivacea, costis nigris spiralibus ornata, obsolete spiraliter et longitudinaliter striata; spira exserta; anfractus convexi, ad suturam nigri- cantem depressi; apertura ovata, albida, obsolete dentata, in- terdum fusco-maculata. Long. 25, lat. 23 ; apert. long. 21, Jat. 12 mill. Allied to pictus ; but differs in having black ribs. / 10. Parupomvus Noputosus. Testa oblongo-ovata, lete olivacea, longitudinaliter nigro fulgurata ; spira exserta; anfractus costis tuberculosis spiraliter cingulati, sutura crenulata ; aper- tura subcireularis, nigra, intus albida, lineis nigris pellucen- tibus. Long. 27, lat. 21; apert. long. 20, lat. 163 mill. 3. List or Brrps COLLECTED By Mr. Tuomas BrincGes, Cor- RESPONDING MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY, IN THE VALLEY oF SAN JOSE, IN THE STATE OF CaLIFoRNIA. By PuiLie Luttey ScuaTer, M.A., F.L.S. erc. Mr. Bridges has requested me to bring before the notice of the Society a series of birds which he collected in the Valley of San José, at the southern extremity of the Bay of San Francisco. There are examples only of 33 species, but many of these are interesting—the W. American forms being very little known in Europe, although the Museums in the United States are well supplied with specimens resulting from the many recent expeditions into the west. The only list of Californian birds at all complete is that published by Dr. Gambel in the first volume of the second series of the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. M. Cassin’s beau- tiful work on the ‘Birds of California, Oregon, &c.’ has been unfor- tunately discontinued for the present, at the termination of the first volume. Had that been brought to a conclusion, there would have been much less still wanting to be known concerning the ornithology of the western regions of N. America. _ Mr. Bridges’ collection contains examples of the following spe- cies :— 1, AccrprTeR Fuscus (Gm.). 2. TINNUNCULUS SPARVERIUS (L.). 3. Circus nupsontivs (L.). 126 4. GLAucIDIUM CALIFORNICUM, Sclater, P. Z.S. 1857, p. 4: Glaucidium infuseatum, Cassin, Birds Cal., Oreg., &e. p. 189 (nec Temminck). This little Owl is quite distinct from the S. American passeri- noides, as stated by Mr. Cassin himself, and from every other Mexican or S. American species with which I am acquainted. Mr. Cassin has called it infuscatum, imagining it to be the true Strix infuscata of Temminck ; but I have no doubt that that name is cor- rectly applicable to the S. American passerinoides. It occurs only in the first part of dom vas. ‘Manuel d’Ornithologie’ (p. 97), where the author says he intends to describe a Brazilian species nearly allied to the European G. passerinum, under the title Strix infuscata. It is quite evident that he afterwards changed his mind on this point, and called the same bird passerinoides when he came to figure it in the ‘ Planches Coloriées.’ Under these circumstances, therefore, it is not correct to apply the term infuscatum to the Cali- fornian species. 5, SELASPHORUS RUBER (L.). 6. SELASPHORUS ANNA (Less.). 7. LANIUS ExcuBITORIDES, Sw. Northern Zool. p. 123. pl. 34. This appears to be the western representative of L. /udovicianus. It has been often united with that species by modern writers, but, I believe, erroneously, being easily distinguishable by its whitish rump. In Texas both the two species seem to be equally abundant. See Woodhouse’s Appendix to Report of Zuni and Colorado Rivers Expedition, p. 76. 8. TuRDUS MIGRATORIUS (L.). 9. ToxosToMA REDIvIvuM, Gamb. Journ. Ac. Sc. Phil. i. p. 42. There are, I believe, four species of this curious form now known to occur within the limits of the United States, (1) the present 7’. redivivum (Cass. B. Cal. pl. 42) from California; (2) T. lecontit (Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N.Y.) from the Rio Hila; (3) 7’. ewrvirostre (Sw.) (Pomatorhinus turdinus, Temm., 7. vetula, Wagl.) from Mexico and Texas ; (4) an undescribed species in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution at Washington, discovered during one of the recent expeditions in New Mexico. 10. Psaurria Minima (Gamb.): Cassin, B. Cal. p. 20. 11. Srrra acuueata, Cass. Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. viii. p. 254. Recently separated by Mr. Cassin from the eastern Sitta caro- linensis. 12. ANTHUS LUDOVICIANUS (Gm.). 13. SrALIA MEXICANA (Sw.). 7, eh 127 14, Savornis paLuipa (Sw.): Tyrannula pallida, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 367; M. saya, Bp. Am. Orn. pl. 2. f. 3. 15. Savornis nrericans (Sw.) ; Tyr. nigricans, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 367. 16. Carropacus rHopocoLPus, Cab. (C. familiaris Ameri- canorum.) ; See my remarks on this species in P. Z. S. 1856, p. 304. 17. Prerto ruscus (Sw.) ; Cass. B. Cal. pl. 122. 18. Prprto orEGoNnus, Bell, Pipilo arcticus, ex California et Oregon auct. 19. ZoNoTRICHIA GAMBELLI (Nutt.); Gambel in Journ. Ac. Phil. i. p. 50. It is doubtful, I think, whether this species is distinct from the eastern Z. leucophrys. 20. AGELZUS GUBERNATOR (Wagl.). 21. SruRNELLA NEGLECTA (Aud.). 22, CYANOCITTA STELLERI (Pallas) ; Gamb. in Journ. Ac. Phil. i, p. 45. 23. CYANOCITTA CALIFORNICA (Vig.) ; Gamb. ibid. p. 45. 24. MELANERPES FORMICIVORUS (Sw.) ; Cass. B. Cal. pl. 2. 25. MELANERPES RUBER (Gm.). 26. Picus narrisi (Aud.). 27. Picus GARDINERI (Aud.). These two last birds seem to be the western representatives of Pieus villosus and P. pubescens. 28, Picus nuTratu, Gamb. R. Ac. Se. Phil. i. p. 259. Picus wilsoni, Malh. R. Z. 1849, p. 529. This bird was erroneously united by Mr. Gambel (after describing it as new) to Picus scalaris, and is figured under that name, Jourp. Ac, Phil. pl. 9, f. 2,3. See P. Z.S. 1856, p. 307. 29. CoLapres MExIcaNvs (Sw.). 30. CaLuirePLa picTa, Gould, Mon. Odont. pl. 15. 31. CALLIPEPLA CALIFORNICA, Gould, Mon. pl. 16. 32. Boraurus LENTIGINOSUS (Mont.). 33. AEGIALITES VOCIFERUS (Wils.). 128 4. Note on THE UpLanb Goose. By Purute Lutzuey Scuater, M.A., F.L.S. etc. The new “ Upland Goose” recently received by the Society from the Falkland Islands, is certainly the true Magellanic Goose ( Chloe- phaga magellanica), Gmelin’s name magellanica being founded on Buffon’s Pl. Enl. 1006—a sufficiently recognizable representation of what seems to be the female of this species. See also Darwin’s Zool. of the Beagle, Birds, p. 134, where ‘‘ Upland Goose’’ is stated to be the name applied to this bird at the Falklands. The bird, which has for several years, I believe, bred in the So- ciety’s Gardens, and is commonly called the ‘* Magellanic Goose,” is ‘‘The Ashy-headed Goose” (Chloephaga poliocephala) of the British Museum Catalogue of Gallinz, Grallz and Anseres, published in 1844. This species is well figured in Gray and Mitchell’s Genera of Birds (pl. 165), under the name Bernicla inornata. But it seems doubt- ful whether this is really the true danas inornatus of King (Proc. Comm. Zool. Soe. i. p. 15). The adults of both sexes of this Goose, which are now in the So- ciety’s Gardens, are coloured as nearly as possible alike, which is rather curious, if, as appears to be the case, in the nearly allied C. magellanica the male and female are quite different. There are two other fine Geese which inhabit the southern extremity of the S. American continent—namely, B. antarctica (Gm.) and B. melanoptera, Eyton. Specimens of all these four species are in the British Museum. 5. Description oF A New Genus or Gorcontape. By Dr. Joun Epwarp Gray, F.R.S.,V.P.Z. & Ent. Soc.,F.L.S. erc. (Radiata, Pl. VII.) ACANTHOGORGIA. Ka Coral branchy ; branches free, cylindrical, slender, beth of them almost entirely composed of transparent spicula ; cells elegantly bell- shaped, contracted at the bottom, and less so rather below the aper- ture, spinulose, with eight equidistant lines of two or three series of diverging short spines ; the mouth of the cell surrounded with nume- rous diverging, very slender, transparent, elongate spines, nearly as long as the cell. Axis horny black, more slender and brown near the tips. Acanthogorgia hirsuta, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1851, Radiata, pl. 3. fig, 2. Coral branched ; branches nearly on the same plane, separate. Hab. Unknown. British Museum. ; This genus bears some relation to Primnoa, but the cell is armed externally with rows of short, thin, and its mouth with a series of — > * Fi ia al ai Proc. ZS Radiata VII is a & ; NIDALIA OCCIDENTALIS, Cray ; W. West Imp. 129 delicate, elongated bristle-like spines, instead of the broad scale of that genus. From all other genera of the family it is most distinct and unlike. The MS. description of this very curious coral was accidentally mislaid at the time at which it was read, and did not appear in the printed Proceedings of the Society. It was figured, by an error of the artist, for and under the name of Nidalia occidentalis in the Pro- ceedings of the Zoological Society for 1851, Radiata, Pl. III. To rectify the error so committed, Nidalia occidentalis is now figured (Pl. VIL). June 23, 1857. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., V.P. Zool. & Ent. Soc., in the Chair. The following papers were read :— 1. Descriptions oF Twetve New or LittLe-KNowN SPECIES OF THE SoutH AMERICAN Famity FoRMICARIID. By Puiuie Lurvey Sciarer, M.A., F.L.S. etc. (Aves, Pl. CXXVI.) 1. GRALLARIA FERRUGINEIPECTUS. Supra pallide brunnea, olivaceo induta: loris et regione oculari et auriculari fulvo tinctis: subtus flavicanti-ferruginea, collo antico medialiter et ventre toto cum crisso albis : alis nigrican- tibus pallido brunneo limbatis, tectricibus alarum superioribus omnino nigricantibus, inferioribus autem cum campterio ochra- ceis: rostri nigri basi flavicante : pedibus pallidis. Long. tota 3°8, ale 2°6, caudz 1-2, tarsi ‘85. Hab. In Venezuela, in vicin. urbis Caraccas (Levraud). Mus. Paris. 2. GRALLARIA LORICATA. Supra olivacea: pileo castaneo: oculorum ambitu, loris et gula tota albidis, fulvo tinctis : stria duplici gutturis utrinque nigra: pectoris et ventris lateralis plumis omnibus medialiter fulvo- albidis, undique late nigro marginatis : ventre medio et crisso albis, hypochondriis brunnescentibus: rostro clare brunneo, basi flavida : tectricibus subalaribus pallide brunneis. Long. tota 4°0, ale 2-8, caudz 0°8, tarsi 1°6. Hab. In Venezuela, in vicin. urbis Caraccas (Levraud). Mus. Paris. These two Grallarie are of smaller size and have shorter tarsi No. CCCXXXV.—ProceeEpDINGs OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 130 than the typical members of the genus. The bill also is shorter, broader, and more flattened, and furnished with many basal bristles. Together with Lafresnaye’s Grallaria nana, they seem to form a sub- ordinate group pointing towards Conopophaga. 3. HyrpocNEMIS MELANOPOGON. 3. Cinereus, subtus dilutior, ventre medio albicante ; gula nigra : alis brunnescenti-nigris, tectricibus omnibus albo marginatis : cauda nigra rectricibus omnibus anguste albo terminatis : rostro nigro, pedibus fuscis. 2 aut 3 gunr. Supra mari adulto similis, subtus gutture et pectore cinereo variegatis, gastreo albo, lateraliter cinerascentiore. Long. tota 4°5, alee 2°5, caudee 1°5. Hab. In Peruvia Orientali, Chamicurros (Hauawell). Mus. Brit. et P. L.S. This bird nearly resembles H. peecilonota and H. myiotherina in style of colouring, but the bill is longer and more slender, and more like that of some of the species of Myrmeciza. From H. pecilonota it is easily distinguished by the want of the white edgings of the interscapularies, from H. myiotherina by the restraint of the black colour to the throat, the want of the superciliary mark, and by the white termination of the rectrices. I have two specimens of this species in my own collection, and there is one in the British Museum, which formed part of Haux- well’s collection from Chamicurros. 4, FoRMICIVORA MELZANA. Fuliginoso-niger, subtus intensior ; lateribus plumosis cum tectri- cibus subalaribus albis: alarum tectricibus et caude rectrici- bus albo terminatis: rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 4-0, alee 3-1, caudee 2°5. Hab. New Grenada, Bogota. Mus. P.L.S. Obs. Similis F. axillari, sed colore corporis supra nigri nee plum- bei dignoscenda. 5. Formicrvora urosticta. (Pl. CXXVI. fig. 1.) Cinerea subtus dilutior et magis albescens : plaga gulari elongata nigra: alis nigricanti-cinereis extus cinereo strictissime lim- batis, tectricibus autem nigris, albo terminatis: cauda nigra, rectricibus omnibus albo late terminatis ; rectricis une utrin- que extime tertia fere parte apicali alba, hoc colore apud alias = rectrices gradatim decrescente : rostro nigro, pedibus fuscis. Long. tota 3°5, alee 2°0, caude 1:2, Hab. In Brasilia Orientali. Mus. Brit. et P. L.S. Obs. A Formicivora azillari et aliis affinibus colore subtus dilu- tiore, gula nigra magis restricta et preesertim rectricum apicibus late albis distinguenda. 131 6. ForMIcIvoRA BREVICAUDA. Formicivora brevicauda, Sw., Zool. Journ. ii. p. 148. 3. Cinereus unicolor, plaga ovali in gutture et pectore superiore nigra: alis nigricantibus extus cinereo limbatis, harum autem tectricibus nigris albo terminatis : cauda brevi, colore nigro- cinerea, rectricum macula subapicali nigra, ipsarum autem api- cibus albidis : rostro corneo, pedibus nigris. ?. Olivascenti-brunnea, subtus clarior, capite subcinereo gutture albicantiore : tectricum alarium apicibus colore dilutioribus. Hab. In Brasilia Orientali prope urbem Bahia (Sw.). Mus. Brit. et P. L. S. Obs. Species ab auctoribus cum F. axillari et affinibus confusa, sed crassitie minore, cauda breviore, colore corporis cinereo unicolore et plaga gutturali ovali bene definita facile dignoscenda, 7. FoRMICIVORA HAUXWELLI. (Pl. CXXVI. fig. 2.) Plumbea, subtus paulo dilutior, mento albescentiore : alis nigris, tectricibus omnibus albo terminatis, duas lineas albas Sormanti- bus ; secundaritis dorso proximis extus caude quoque tectrici- bus et rectricibus ipsis omnibus macula terminali alba preditis : uropygu plumis lawis, elongatis: cauda brevissima - rostro nigricanti-plumbeo, pedibus fuscis. Long. tota 3°7, alz 2-1, caudze 9. Hab. In Peruv. Orientali (Hauzwell). Mus. Brit. 8. ForMICIVORA CINERASCENS. Formicivora cerulescens ?, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 112 (nec Vieill.). Pallide cinerascens fere unicolor, subtus dilutior 3 tnterscapula- rium basibus albis : alis nigricanti-brunneis cinereo limbatis ; tectricum apicibus albo guttulatis : cauda nigricante, rectricibus omnibus albo terminatis : rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 6-0, alee 2°4, caudee 2°2. Hab. In Peruy. Orientali, Chamicurros (Hauzwell) et in ripis fl. Napo. Mus. Brit. Obs. Similis F. cerulescenti ex Brasilia sed rostro fortiore et lon- giore, cauda breviore et zqualiore, colore corporis inferioris dilutiore et campteriis non albis distinguenda. I formerly referred this bird to Vieillot’s Form. cerulescens, of which Menetries has given a figure in his ‘ Monograph of the Myio- therine,’ pl. 6. But a comparison of specimens of both species, which are now in the British Museum, has convinced me that these two birds, though much resembling each other in plumage, are essen- tially distinct, and I have given above the characters by which they may be easily separated. The example from Chamicurros, which was part of Mr. Haux- well’s fine collection, is not quite mature, and shows brownish colour- 132 ing beneath and upon the wings. Like F. cerulescens, this bird has only ten rectrices. 9. HeERPSILOCHMUS PECTORALIS. Cinereus, dorsi medii plumis albo miztis; pileo nigro: fronte, superciliis et lateribus capitis albis: alis nigris, tectricum om- nium apicibus albo guttatis, secundariis late, primariis stricte albo extus marginatis : cauda nigra, rectricis une utrinque ex- time dimidio apicali et proximarum trium apicibus gradatim decrescentibus albis ; rectricibus duabus intermediis extus an- guste albo marginatis et tectricum caude apicibus quibusdam eodem colore guttatis: subtus obscure cinereus, plaga magna in pectore antico nigro: rostro plumbeo, mandibula inferiore albicante : pedibus nigris. Long. tota 5:0, alee 2:1, caude 1:7. My attention was first called to this species when looking through the specimens of this family inthe Museum of the Academy of Nat. Se. of Philadelphia. There is also a single specimen in the British Museum, which came, I believe, from the same origin as the one at Philadelphia— that is from the Massena collection. There is no locality affixed. In style of colouring this bird seems to come nearest to H. pilea- tus, but it is much larger in size, and the’ pectoral black patch ren- ders it easily distinguishable from every bird of the family known to me. 10. Dys1I1rHAMNUS XANTHOPTERUS. Dasythamnus xanthopterus, Burm. Syst. Ueb. d. Th. Bras. iii. p- 81. 3. Capite colloque cinereis, fronte, regione superciliari et lateri- bus capitis albo striolatis: interscapulio et alis extus lete rufis, illo dilutiore ; dorso postico valde plumoso, colore virides- centi-rufo, hujus pennarum basibus cinereis : cauda nigricanti- cinerea, rectricibus extus rufescente marginatis: subtus albus, lateribus cervicis cinereis, ventris autem ochracescentibus : rostri nigri mandibula inferiore pallida, pedibus nigris. ?. Mari similis sed pileo rufo et subtus magis fusco-flavicans. Long. tota 5°5, alee 2°4, caudee 2°0. Hab. In Brasilia Orientali. Mus. Brit. et P. L.S. The British Museum possesses the male, and I have a female speci- men of this Dysithamnus, which is easily recognizable by its deep chestnut-red wings and back; the same in both sexes. The bend of the wing and whole of the upper coverts are of this colour, and I could hardly, therefore, at first think it possible that this could be the Dasythamnus xanthopterus of Burmeister (Syst. Ueb. d. Th. Bras. ili. p. 81), although his description agrees with the female of my species. But recollecting that Zav@0s, though commonly used in Natural History as synonymous with the Latin favus and English 133 “yellow,” is also capable of bearing the meaning “auburn,” or even “‘chestnut ;” it appears to me that the name “ xanthopterus,” though eminently calculated to mislead as applied to this bird, is perhaps not sufficiently inaccurate to require to be replaced by a new name. I have therefore retained Professor Burmeister’ s appellation for this species. His single example was obtained in the vicinity of New Friburg in the province of Rio de Janeiro. Those in the British Museum and my own collection have the ordinary appearance of Brasilian skins, and are probably from Rio or Bahia. I do not know what has induced Prof. Burmeister to attempt to change Cabanis’s correctly formed generic term Dysithamnus into Dasythamnus ; but in this, as in other instances, that author seems to undervalue the principle of priority, now universally recognized in the application of names in Natural History. 11. THAMNOPHILUS MELANOTHORAX. Supra intense castaneus, remigibus alarum intus nigricanti-brun- neis, lateribus capitis et corpore subtus ad imum pectus atris, hoe colore in ventrem sensim dilutiore : ventre et lateribus ole- vascenti-brunneis rufo tinctis : cauda unicolore castanea : rostro corneo, pedibus nigro-fuscis. Long. tota 6°5, alee 3:2, caudze 2°8. Hab. In America Meridionali ? Mus. Brit. I have never met with but the single example of this curious bird which is in the British Museum. The genus Thamnophilus is the only one I know of in which it can be placed ; but the bill is more conical and thicker and rather shorter than in the birds of that group, which most nearly approach it in size. There are two white spots on the outer secondaries of the specimen, but these are evi- dently the results of an incipient albinism. 12, THAMNOPHILUS MELANOCEPS. Thamnophilus melanoceps, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. pl. 39. fig. 1. p. 28. Ferrugineo-rufus, subtus clarior : capite toto undique et collo supero nigris: rostro et pedibus nigris. Long. tota 7-0, ale 3°2, caudee 2:4. Hab. Eastern Peru, Sarayacu on the Ucayali (Cast. et Dev.). Mus. Paris. I was not acquainted with this fine species of Thamnophilus when I wrote the article on the arrangement of those birds in the ‘ Edin- burgh N. Phil. Journal.’ Ihave since seen several examples in the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes, which were obtained by MM. de Castelnau and Deville at Sarayacu on the Ucayali. The irides are marked “ orange.” 134 2. On Two Spectres oF BATS INGABITING New ZEALAND. By Rosert F. Tomes. (Mammalia, Pl. LIII., LIV.) The first notice of the occurrence of Cheiroptera in New Zealand was given by Forster in 1772-74 *, who recorded the occurrence of a Bat flying over the sea-shore near the margin of a wood in the estuary of Queen Charlotte. It was shot, but being struck only in the wing, lived for two days. ‘* He was described by me,” says he, “and was drawn by my son.” To this species Forster gave the name of Vespertilio tuberculatus. The description has been pub- lished in the work noted below, and the drawing is now in the British Museum. I shall have occasion to refer to both the description and the figure. In 1843 Dr. Gray gave a very condensed description of a Bat in the Appendix to Dieffenbach’s Travels in New Zealand, which he, believing to be the species mentioned in the MSS. of Forster, called by the same specific name. As Dr. Gray had specimens for exami- nation, he at once perceived that they could by no means be consi- dered as representatives of the genus Vespertilio, and that they did not even belong to the same family. Accordingly we find them in the ‘Catalogue of the Mammalia of the British Museum,’ pub- lished in 1843, placed in the Family Noctilionina, with the new generic appellation Mystacina, the old specific name tuberculata being retained. Having some time since had occasion to examine some species of Bats in the Museum of the College of Surgeons, Prof. Quekett showed me one which had been recently received from New Zealand. It was not until I had been assured that it came directly from that country, in a bottle with a collection of New Zealand insects, that I could be persuaded that no mistake as to locality had been made. The forms presented by this example were so entirely unlike those of the only New Zealand species with which I was acquainted, that it was with considerable surprise I beheld a bat having pretty much the same forms and proportions as the common little English Pzpi- strelle. Shortly afterwards an opportunity occurred of inspecting the fine collection of Cheiroptera in the Leyden Museum, which contains three examples of this supposed new species, but without any specific name. Finally, I detected other examples in the British Museum, amounting in number to five. Being then satisfied of the existence of two species of Bats in New Zealand, I was anxious to pursue the subject further, and to deter- mine, if possible, to which of these Forster had given the name of V. tuberculatus. The kindness of Dr. Gray speedily placed in my hands all the necessary materials. There could be no hesitation ; the supposed new species was undoubtedly the one from which * Descriptiones animalium in itinere ad maris australis terras per annos 1772-74 suscepto observatorum, edidit H. Lichtenstein. 1844. ba07'H'D wy foyroy SLIVINDUEEAT «SLTOLo BaCCH A) 408) 17MM M * 135 Forster’s drawing had been made, whilst the description, indicating the number of incisors, and other peculiarities, pointed unequivocally to the same conclusion. As the above-mentioned zoologists have certainly been the first describers of two distinct animals, the names imposed by them will of course be retained ; but it is much to be regretted that their specific names are similar; and the more so, as the one most recently given was clearly intended as a reference to the earlier known species. The following description has been taken from the specimen in the College of Surgeons, and also from the specimens in the British Museum. With the advantages of specimens in spirit and in skin, it is probable that the description will be found tolerably correct, both as regards the form of the face, ears, &c., and the quality and colour of the fur. Fam. VESPERTILIONINA. 1. ScoTOPHILUS TUBERCULATUS, Forster, Descript. Anim. p. 63. 1772-74, Icon. ined. in Brit. Mus. t. 1. (Pl. LIII.) In form and proportions somewhat resembling the Pipistrelle of Europe; in size resembling Vesp. Nattereri; in colour very nearly similar to the Scotophilus Gouldii ef Australia. The muzzle is rather broad and obtuse, and moderately hairy. The nostrils are tumid, and of an oval form, with their inner margins more prominent than their outer, giving them a sublateral opening ; they are distant from each other about two lines. The forehead is rather flat. The lower lip is broad, with the extreme edge naked, and rather thickly clothed with short hair on the chin, which be- comes very thick on the throat. Immediately within the symphysis menti is a small but distinct wart. The ears are rather small, oval-triangular, with a pretty uniform outline, and with a kind of plait or crease on the basal front of the inner margin, giving that part of the ear a slightly projecting lobe, not however of sufficient magnitude to interfere materially with its general uniformity of outline. The outer margin is not hollowed out, but maintains a pretty regular curve, and has its basal portion brought forward, in the form of a narrow rudiment of membrane, on to the cheek, where it ends immediately under the eye. The tragus is short, rather broad, and of nearly uniform breadth, with the end round. It has, as in all the other species of this re- stricted group, an inward curvature. The wing-membranes spring from the base of the toes, and the latter occupy about half the length of the entire foot. The os calcis extends one-third of the distance from the foot to the tip of the tail, which has its extreme tip free. The face is furnished with some tufts and lines of bristly hair. Immediately in front of the eye. may be noticed a tuft, consisting of a few hairs, and on the gland of the upper lip is a similar one. From behind the nostril proceeds a narrow band of fine bristly hairs, 136 which curves downwards and backwards on the lip for a short distance, and then taking an upward curvature, passes in front of the eye, and is lost in the fur of the forehead. All the membranes, both above and below, have those parts con- tiguous to the body, hairy, especially the interfemoral, on which it extends more markedly than elsewhere. The part of the latter mem- brane which is destitute of hair, is smooth, and has about ten trans- verse strongly dotted lines. Over the whole of the body the fur is very thick, soft, and rather long. On the top of the head it is long enough to obscure the basal half of the ears, and thus give the appearance of an elevated crown. Everywhere the hair is unicoloured, and of a black-brown colour on the head and back, passing into chestnut-brown on the rump. Beneath it is similar in colour, but more strongly tinged with brown, especially towards the pubal region, where it is reddish-brown. On examining the cranium, I find that its chief peculiarity consists in its extreme shortness in relation to its other dimensions. In this respect it more nearly resembles the cranium of Lasiurus novebora- censis than that of any other species of bat I have yet seen, but it is even shorter than in that species. In its general conformation it bears considerable resemblance to that of the common Pipistrelle of Europe, especially in the degree of elevation of the cerebral region ; but the arrangement of the dental series is more like that of the Noctule Bat than that of the Piépistrelle, but bears a still greater resemblance to that of the Scotophilus Gouldii of Australia. Thus, on examining the teeth of the upper jaw, they are seen to be arranged in two straight lines which are nearly parallel, the incisors only de- viating from these lines, being placed across the front of the space enclosed by them. This enclosed space—constituting the anterior part of the palate—is nearly a parallelogram, being but slightly nar- rower in front than posteriorly. Its length to its breadth is as one and a quarter to one. The range of the teeth in the lower jaw must, of course, bear exact relation to that of the upper *, varying only in the number of the teeth and their individual form. * It will not be out of place here to remark, that this expression applies ex- clusively to the normal state of dentition of animals in a state of nature. The reverse of this may occasionally be seen in accidental varieties or malformations, and frequently in domesticated animals, where a great change in the form of the jaws and teeth has often resulted from long-continued selection of indiyiduals from which to produce a breed for some special purpose, which selection may have been further assisted by a constant training to the purpose for which the breed was designed. This must certainly be the case with some of the varieties of dogs. In the bull-dog, for instance, we find a most remarkable development of lower jaw, attended with an equally distorted arrangement of the teeth. It is scarcely necessary to allude to the singular appearance often observable in the front teeth of the human species, under- or over-lapping each other, as the case may be, and displaying every degree of intermediate arrangement. But these deviations from the normal state of dentition in no way affect the statement above made respecting the relation of the inferior to the superior maxilla, and their im- planted teeth. 137 The number of the teeth is as follows :— In. 757; Can. =>; Pre. Mol. 3; Mol. ===. The upper incisors are arranged in pairs, of which the inner one of each pair is much larger than the outer one. They are all some- what elongated, conical, and pointed, and when viewed in front are seen to have their points directed inwards, but when seen laterally have nearly a vertical direction, similar in this respect to the canines. A_considerable interval separates them on each side from the latter teeth, and this, with their regular conical outline and nearly vertical position, itute their chief peculiarities. “In the centre, between the inner ones; is~a~-considerable opening, caused by the non-deve- lopment of the anterior margins of the intermaxillary bones, and the notch in the front of the palate, just as in the Noctule Bat and most other true Vespertilionide. The other teeth in the upper jaw pre- sent no deviations from what is usual in the genus. In the lower jaw the incisors are of the form ordinarily observed in this genus; they are symmetrically arranged and trilobed. The canines present no marked peculiarities of form. The premolars are small, pointed, and have their basal cusps less developed than those of the corresponding teeth in the Noctule Bat. The first of these teeth is much the smaller of the two. The molars differ in no re- spect from those of the above-mentioned species, excepting that their cusps are perhaps somewhat longer and more pointed. In the following Table of dimensions, the first column represents the measurements of the specimen in spirit in the Museum of the College of Surgeons, before alluded to, and the other columns have been taken from specimens in skin in the British Museum :-— No. 1. | No. 2. | No. 3. | No. 4. “i “ “ a“ “a a“ “a Length of the head and body. .} 2 ef thattall <3 2 i eof2l 4 jebrc6 of the head.......... 0 7 Of Che Sar iw ge uh). tee se 0 33 of the tragus ........]| 0 14 —of the fore-arm ......}1 6/1 6]1 6j)1 6 of the longest finger ..} 2 8|/210)}2 8;2 7 —of the fourth finger ..| 1 10/110|}2 0;2 0 of the thumb........ 0 24,0 310 33) 0 34 of the foot and claws..| 0 33/0 4;0 4/)0 43 _ Expanse of wings ....,.....{10 9 [10 4 The foregoing description had been taken with a view to its pub- lication, before that of Forster had been examined, the impression at that time being that the species was new. For the convenience of immediate comparison, and to show the general similarity of the two descriptions, a condensed description will now be given of that furnished by Forster. About the size of Vesp. communis, or a little larger; the head like that of a mouse, and of medium size; snout blunt, emarginate, 138 simple, with bi-tuberculated nostrils. The lower jaw rather shorter than the upper. Incisors in the upper jaw 4, in pairs, of which the two inner ones are the larger; the two outer ones smaller, and approximate to them. In the lower jaw 6, very small and approximate. Laniares (?) = ; molars =. Ears moderate, smooth, subovate ; tragus semiorbicular. Wings large and dark brown. The fur everywhere soft, fine, and rusty brown. Length from the end of the nose to the root of, the tall. a5 ssi¢ eS Pees ae 2 inches. Ps Aa oo ea eee ho as TS pADAE OM AUER 5 te eys -9hr isn ord ag gs hah Bn LD frag Fam. NocriLionina. Genus Mystacrna, Gray. Body very short and broad. Snout much produced ; nostrils sub- lateral, surrounded by a thickened projecting rim. Under jaw much shorter than the end of the nose. Top of the head considerably ele- vated ; ears lateral, simple ; tragus long, narrow, and pointed. Wings moderate ; thumb moderate. Index finger with two pha- langes, second finger with four, third and fourth fingers with three, each. Wing-membranes extending to the distal extremity of the tibia. Legs and feet short and stout. Tail very short, piercing the interfemoral membrane near to its base, and projecting on the upper surface of it, as in Taphozous. Interbrachial membrane, a narrow piece of membrane beneath the fore-arm, that adjoining the sides of the body, and that enclosing the tibia, as well as the basal portion of the interfemoral membrane, thick and leathery, with numerous deep wrinkles or corrugations on its upper surface. Incisors, two in the upper jaw, large, contiguous, and shaped like canines ; in the lower jaw two, small, and placed in front of the canines. 1. Mysracina TUBERCULATA, Gray. (Pl. LIV.) Mystacina tuberculata, Gray, Cat. Mam. Brit. Mus. p. 34, 1843 ; Gray in Deiffenb. Journ. App. p. 296, 1843; Gray, Zool. Voy. Sul- phur, No. II. p. 23, 1843 ; Zool. Voy. Erebus and Terror, No. IV. pl. 22. 1844. The snout of this singular-looking species is considerably elongate d with the end of the nose emarginate between the nostrils, which are very prominent, and directed sublaterally. The mouth is placed far back in relation to the nose, and a space intervenes between the two, which is clothed with very fine short hairs. The hairiness and form of this space are somewhat similar to the same part in the Coati Mondi. No very strongly-marked peculiarity is observable in the mouth itself, but it is rather small, and has only the extreme edges of the lips destitute of hair. 139 The top of the head is convex, rounding off on every side, and the space between it and the end of the nose, 7. e. the face, is concave in its longitudinal direction, but not transversely, as in T'aphozous. The ears are lateral, and remarkably simple in form. Instead of the forward extension on the side of the face, so usual in the insecti- vorous species of this order, they are attached precisely as in the fruit-eating species, 7. e. just as we may observe them in a dog or cat. In form they are regularly oval, and slightly pointed. The tragus is straight, narrow, and pointed, reaching to the middle of the ear. The wings are rather broad, and of medium length. The thumb is of moderate size, with the basal joint very short ; the index finger is composed of two phalanges, the terminal one being very minute. The second finger has four phalanges, and the third and fourth fin- gers have three each. The presence of four phalanges in the second finger, instead of the usual number of three, in this family, will be again adverted to. The wing-membranes barely extend to the distal extremity of the tibia. The legs and feet are very short and stout, as in the genus Mo- lossus. The heel-cartilage is of medium length and substance, and the interfemoral membrane is rounded at its posterior margin, and is perforated near its base by the tail, which is short, and exhibits its terminal half free above the membrane, as in the genus Taphozous. The portions of membrane contiguous to the fore-arm, the sides of the body and the tibia, are very thick and leathery, with numerous deep wrinkles, and the basal half of the interfemoral membrane (as far as to where the tail becomes free) possesses the same peculiarity. The wrinkles, in many places, cross the legs and fore-arms, but they are only observable on the upper surfaces of the membranes and limbs. This singular part of the cutaneous system is marked by a regular and decided outline, and can scarcely be said at any place to graduate into the smooth membrane of the wings. Its extent is pretty well indicated by the hairy portions of the membranes in the genus Lasiurus, excepting that it only occupies one-half of the interfemoral membrane. In its general character, the fur is short, crisp and thick, having a grizzly shining appearance, very similar to that of some of the Soricide. That of the head extends towards the nose, and covers the whole of the face, being bounded anteriorly by a frill of stiff up- right hairs ; that commencing near the corner of the mouth extends upwards in front of the eye, and meets on the top of the nose with the corresponding part of the other side of the face. On all the upper parts of the body the fur is similar. It is dusky at its base, and tipped for half its length with shining grey-brown, having a slight tinge of olive. Beneath, the fur is brown at its base, with shi- ning tips of grey-brown. The fur of the throat extends to the chin and under lip, and densely covers the whole, excepting the extreme edge of the lip. The whole of the cutaneous system is very dark-brown, with the exception of the wrinkled part already mentioned, which is paler, and tinged with yellowish. 140 The cranium exhibits some peculiarities worthy of note. Viewed from above, the cerebral portion is seen to be about as much arched as that of Vesp. Nattereri, and has a faint sagittal crest towards the occipital region. Also there is a moderately pronounced occipital crest, which becomes more strongly developed in the vicinity of the acoustic elements of the skull. The auditory bulle have much the same form and proportion as the same parts in Vesp. Nattereri, and the facial portion of the skull is proportioned much as in that species. The orbital openings are of very moderate size, and the zygoma but little arched, and very slender. The bony palate terminates a little posteriorly to the last molar. The nasal opening is small, and the intermaxillary bones meet in front, for the support of the contiguous incisors, as in Miniopteris and Furipterus among the Vespertilionina, and Molossus, Rhinapoma, and Noctilio among the Noctilionina. The incisors in the upper jaw are two in number, large, conical, and pointed. They are provided with a distinct cingulum, visible in front, which passes into a well-marked basal lobe, or cusp, behind the tooth. As the incisors are situated very near to the canines, and are themselves in contact, this lobe is only visible when seen directly from behind. The incisive foramina are two in number and very minute. The canines are long, pointed, and triangular, without any . basal lobe. The next two teeth in the upper jaw present the same forms which usually characterize the premolars in the insectivorous Cheiroptera ; and the three remaining teeth, 7. e. the molars, may be similarly passed over. The hinder part of the lower jaw is formed very similarly to the same part in the genus Vespertilio, but has the posterior process less produced. Another point of difference occurs in the form of a some- what rounded posterior angle, something like that observable in Fu- ripterus, but more nearly resembling the same part in the jaw of the Ursus labiatus, and, as in the latter instance, very thin in substance laterally. The jaw itself is straight, especially the alveolar margin, which is in a line continuous with the posterior process. The canines in the lower jaw are of considerable size, and have a basal lobe behind. They are nearly contiguous, and the incisors, two in number, are placed in front of them as in some species of the genus Molossus (Nyctinomus), and, as in that genus, are probably lost with age. They are very small, feebly implanted in the jaw, and have their tips trilobed. The next two teeth are of the usual premolar type, such as we find in Vespertilio proper, and they are succeeded by the three molars, presenting no marked peculiarities of conformation. seal oe an 1-1, 2-2 | 3—3__14 Dentition :—In. 5; Can. —; Pre. Mol. —; Mol. —=;.. In the following Table of dimensions, column number | has been taken from a large and probably adult specimen in the British Mu- seum, and numbers 2 and 3 from specimens, perhaps not quite adult, in my own collection. The latter one, having all the bones retained, would furnish the more exact dimensions, but that it is probably im- mature. From it the skull was extracted, from which the above characters have been taken :— 141 No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 Length of the head and body ........ 2 6 Divd venga of the enclosed part of the tail.. 0 3 0 3 0 3 of the free part of the tail .... 0 3 0 3 0 23 of the head...) 086 2828 1 0 O11 O10} —— of the fore-arm.............. 19 17 1 8 of the longest finger.......... 3 0 2 11 2.113 ——— of the fourth finger.......... 2.6 24 2 4 Of Che thumb: 6 5:4): s cds aeictas 0 5 0 44 O 4 mete tibia. 2 ods Leste As 0 8 ey 0 7 of the foot and claws ........ 0 7% O 6 0 6 Fisyanise Of Wins ee ec’. s tise cece 2 F207 TL 108s Es. 6 The following are the dimensions of the skull extracted from the specimen which has supplied the measurements given in the second column of the above Table :— > = Length from the occipital crest to the anterior of the maxil- ‘ TIER, Sag ieiak so es oo 35 Sars moe Shy erie arnt 0 92 Breadth across the zygomatic arches...............22+.. O 5 Henethyat tire. nasal DONS... .. 2.0 dease ce sern ashe anes 0 3 Greatest breadth of the nasal bones .................2-- 0 14 Length of the dentinal series in the upper jaw - ~ 014 Breadth between the two outer cusps of the two ‘posterior MERRIE Coat ak at tN agin wench v. Sb sl} acaba ON ee 0 34 Breadth between the points of the two upper canines ...... 0 Ib Total length of the lower jaw... ...... 242+ ss esse cece eee 0 62 Length of the dentinal series in the lower jaw............ 0 4 Breadth between the outer cusps of the two posterior molars 0 22 Breadth between the points of the lower canines ........ eri dal In summing up the characters of this singular species (as far as is known, the sole representative of the genus), several affinities not usually associated are manifest. Thus in the form of the tail, and the way in which it perforates the interfemoral membrane, it bears strong resemblance to the genus Taphozous, whilst the strength and form of the hinder limbs, but more especially the form and implan- tation of the canine and incisor teeth, would seem to indicate an affi- nity with the genus Molossus (Nyctinomus), both of these genera being representatives of the family Noctilionina. Again, on exami- ning attentively the forms of the ear and tragus, we shall be struck with the great resemblance which the latter bears to that of some of the examples of the genus Vespertilio, and the former, although dif- fering considerably from the ear in Vespertilio, bears nevertheless a greater resemblance to it than perhaps to that of any other genus. But there is another peculiarity to which I have already alluded, which is deserving of especial notice—the presence of four bony pha- langes in the second finger—a peculiarity in which it resembles the Phyllostomide or Leaf-nosed Bats of the New World, that number being one of their characteristics ; whilst in all the Old World genera, 142 with the exception of the one now under notice, we find that that finger has only three bony phalanges*. There are, however, several characters present which appear to belong exclusively to the present genus, such as the form of the snout and nostrils, the singular mark- ings on some of the membranes, and the peculiar quality of the fur. EXPLANATION OF PLATE LIV. Fig. 1. Mystacina tuberculata, three-fourths of the natural size. a. Head of the same, of the natural size. b & ce. Cranium of the same, of the natural size. d. Magnified representation of the front teeth of the same. Fig. 2. Magnified representation of the front teeth of Nyctinomus dilatatus, show- ing the resemblance between them and the same parts in Mystacina tuberculata. 3. ON THE JAMAICAN CyCLoTUS, AND THE DESCRIPTION OF TWENTY-ONE PROPOSED New Species AND Eigcut New VARIETIES OF THAT SUBGENUS FROM JAMAICA, By THE Hon. Epwarp Cuitrty. Before entering upon the task of description, it seems advisable to offer a few observations upon the difficulty which has hitherto sur- rounded this group of Cyclostomide inhabiting Jamaica. The late Professor C. B. Adams, in Contr. to Conch., No. 8, p. 140, ef seg. wrote an article upon it; and although the required study enabled him to add seven new species to the former Jamaican list, a perusal of his paper will show that he laboured under great doubts and without clear satisfaction as to the result. The fact is, that almost all the species in the Jam. Cat. of Adams}, 1851, from. No. 68 (for C. Duffianus, No. 67, is not a Jamaican, but a South American species—jide Adams and Mr. Bland, who found duplicates in South America), to No. 77 inclusive, run so much into one another in outward form of the mere shells, wanting the opercula, that it is next to impossible to classify them. There is also the difficulty of young and old shells intermingled, which, as regards some of the species, renders the “confusion worse confounded,” particularly in the young of C. Jamaicensis, and the more mature of C. crassus. The group in question, and many others, lead me to the firm con- viction that, unless the differences are very marked, a single specimen * A similar peculiarity occurs in the genus Centurio, which, when first de- scribed by Dr. Gray, was thought to be a native of the Old World, but there was some doubt as to the exact locality from which it had been received. But other examples have been since obtained from the New World, and its near alliance with the tailless Phyllostomide satisfactorily established. The existence there- fore of four phalanges in this finger in Cenfwrio cannot be considered, as in Mystacina, as an exception to a general rule, but on the contrary as a further extension of it. + Whenever the name “ Adams” is mentioned in these communications, the late Professor C. B. Adams, of Amherst College, America, is referred to, unless other- wise specified. 143 is not to be trusted ; and that it is only by a multitude of specimens, perfect as regards maturity and possession of opercula, that truth can be arrived at, and species determined. The difficulty with Adams, as with myself, has hitherto been the want of the original types of the fundamental shells, so to speak. I allude especially to the types of C. corrugatus, Sow. ; C subrugosus, Sow.; C. Jamaicensis, Chemn.; and C. asperulus, Sow. [Of C. suturalis there never was a doubt.] That difficulty is evidenced by his note of interrogation “?” at p. 143, (éd.) after “1 C. corru- gatus,” and his description of “No. 1, C. corrugatus” below, which most clearly refers to a species, which to my certain knowledge he has distributed indiscriminately as C. corrugatus and C. jugosus. So he made up the collection which some time ago I presented to the British Museum. I know that the presence or absence of the um- bilical keel was a guide he was always looking for. He did not seem to understand Sowerby’s description “umbilico magno, crenulato, intus transversim striato.” Vid. Cont. Conch., p. 143. And beyond a doubt, his description of the operculum of C. corrugatus at p. 143, id. cannot for a moment be reconciled with Pfeiffer’s in Cat. Pha- neropneumona, p. 13. Mr. Cuming’s liberality in lending his choicest specimens for science’ sake is too well known to require my commendation. To him I am now indebted for the loan of his types of ©. corrugatus, C. jugosus, C. subrugosus, C. Jamaicensis, C. seminudus, C. varians, C. crassus, and C. asperulus, all of which have passed through Pfeiffer’s hands: and I have examined those in the British Museum. C. asperulus is not in my collection, though amongst those I am about to propose as new species, some approach very near to it. The two specimens (one with part of the operculum) in the Cumin- gian Museum, and those in the British Museum are somewhat like in character to Jamaica shells, especially C. crassus, in regard to absence of umbilical keel, and C. rudis-planusque (after mentioned) as regards operculum ; and I do not wish to cast a doubt as to its habitat being Jamaica, though I have not fallen in with it. Pfeiffer, in Cat. Phan. p. 13, has indicated that C. corrugatus was in the British Museum when he wrote ; but unfortunately the specimens there under that name vary so much in their opercula, that it is im- possible to say to which he referred. In fact, his description is believed to have been taken from one in the Cumingian Museum. But there again, equal doubts and uncertainty exist. Some shells, all named by Pfeiffer, having opercula of the character of those of C. Jamaicensis, are marked “C, corrugatus,” and others are similarly marked with the addition of “var.,” the opercula of which answer his description in Cat. Phan., p. 13, and have the precise character of that which it is my intention to adopt as the true C. corrugatus, those characters being totally dissimilar. Thence an interminable confusion exists, which it is very difficult to disentangle. It seems to me that Sowerby and Pfeiffer have had only single specimens to deal with, and not knowing how many forms of oper- cula there are, have certainly not been very minute in their descrip- 144 tions, and have not perhaps set sufficient value on those differences, which they had an opportunity of observing ; while Adams saw great differences, but from the want of many specimens feared to give spe- cific importance to them. I should not have adopted the independent course of disregarding previous naming or descriptions, nor attempt to propose new species, had I possessed a few specimens of each only. But having of almost every species plenty of perfect specimens, and having them so arranged that I know the precise habitat of almost all, I feel there is abun- dant justification for my proceeding. Sowerby’s description of the operculum of C. corrugatus is (doubtless from causes before alluded to) so very meagre, that it is utterly impossible to say to what shell he referred. Pfeiffer, Gray, and Adams have all been misled: for every Jamaican Cyclotus has its operculum “ extus lamind elevatd.” But it will be found that the description which I shall give of the operculum of C. corrugatus, does not militate with, but only enlarges upon Pfeiffer’s, which is ‘ with whorls, the margin of which is dila- ted into broad, spiral, raised, somewhat expanded lamina.” While the shells which Adams has distributed, (and at p. 143, Cont. Conch. has described with a ‘“?’’) as C. corrugatus, and which Gray has marked “ C. corrugatus var.”’ in the British Museum, militate very strongly with Pfeiffer’s description, and also exactly agree with the opercular type of C. jugosus, which type is so peculiar that it can hardly be supposed that Sowerby would not have especially noted it. Aided by what now appear marked differences in other parts of the shells, my principal guide to the new species I am about to pro- pose has been the Operculum. I am aware that some have to a cer- tain degree discarded the operculum as a specific test: yet a careful examination of my Jamaican Cyclotus,—the careful gathering toge- ther, all from one extensive and rich field,—will tend to the conviction that such a repudiation is not correct. We find the forms of opercula constant in all other subgenera and species of Cyclostomide, with equal certainty in shape and sculpture; and by more than analogy the opercula of the Jamaican Cyclotus, accompanied by differences in other parts of the shell, are specific guides and of specific import- ance. I propose for consideration that there are six distinct forms of opercula in the Jamaican Cyclotus. Form § I. that of C. corrugatus, Sow. Sowerby, in Pro. Z. S., 1843, p. 30, describes the operculum of it as “ testaceo, extus lamind elevatd, convolutd ; intus corneo, polito,” testaceous with elevated convolute lamina outside (or on the upper side), and horny and polished on the under side. Pfeiffer, in Cat. Phan. p. 13, describes it as ‘‘ with whorls, the margin of which is dilated into broad, spiral, raised, somewhat ex- panded lamina.” I should describe the fypical form of the operculum of that which I adopt as C. corrugatus, ‘with lamina rising more or less, and well separated from the plane of the operculum, bending outwards ; e 145 the upper margin, more or less dilated and reflected, so as to lie more or less parallel to the plane of the operculum, but not so much as to touch each consecutive whorl. Plane of operculum plain.” Form § II. that of C. varians, Ad. Operculum with outward-spreading whorls raised from its plane, the upper margins of which are thickened and inflected, and reflected, so as to meet and touch each consecutive whorl; and form a corru- gated, almost entire, planular surface; and when broken in half, forming on either side something like a number of italic capitals, W 7'T, or the rails of a railway. Where concave on the outer Surface, the concavity is formed by the increasing height of the lamina, the under side (as far as I have seen) being always planular. Form § III. that of C. seminudus, Ad. Operculum with slightly elevated, bluntly thickened, and broadly expanding whorls, the edges of which are wholly appressed to, and. not separated from the plane. Form § IV. that of C. Jamaicensis, Chemn. Operculum with moderately raised narrow lamellar whorls, which are flattened and blunt at the margin, and very slightly and narrowly expanded and reflected outwards ; the plane of the operculum always excentrically and sharply striated by lesser raised laminze. For § V. that of C. Rupis-Fontis, Chitty. Operculum with well-raised whorls, which are sharpened at the margin, and stand almost vertical with the plane, the margin being neither reflected nor inflected. Form § VI. that of C. jugosus, Ad. Operculum with highly raised whorls, the margins of which are sharp, and more or less inflected, convex interiorly and concave ex- teriorly. 7 These differences are broad enough whereon to found sub-subge- nera, but from that I abstain. Under Form § I. I place my C. corrugatus and var. a, C. Port- landensis, C. notatior, and var. a, C. notatus, C. Nove-Spei, C. cy- cloatus, C. dubiosus, and C. suturalis. Under Form § II. C. varians and var. a, C. subrugosus, C. cor- rugatior, and var. magna, C. gemma, and C. zigzag. Under Form § III. C. seminudus, C. De Burgheanus, C. rudis- planusque, C. pretiosus, C. Bairdianus, C. ruber, and C. asperulus. Under Form § IV. C. Jamaicensis, C. Novus-Saltus, C. dentistig- matus, C. crassus, and C. inutilis. Under Form § V. C. Rupis-Fontis, and C. corrugatissimus. Under Form § VI. ,C. jugosus, and vars. rufilabris, parvus and striosus, C. pallescens, C. Westmorlandensis, C. nodosus, and C. Beswichi. N.B. Of C. perpallidus, the operculum is still unknown. No. CCCXXXVI.—ProceepinGgs or THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 146 I do not place much value on the outward form, sculpture, and size of these Cyclotus, and, wanting the opercula, regard the classification of them as very difficult; I will, however, proceed to the more particular description of each species and variety as I find them in my own ptivate cabinet, taking them in the order already mentioned. g I. C. corruaatus, Sow. Proc. Z. 8. 1843, pp. 29, 30. Sowerby’s entire description is, “C. testa orbiculata, subdepressa, erassiuscula, albida, apice rufescente; epidermide tenui, fusca, induta ; spirula subprominula, acuminatiuscula ; anfractibus quinque, rotun- datis, transversim striatis et corrugatis ; sutura distincta, apertura circulari, subeffusé, superné angulata et in canalem inconspicuam desinente ; peritremate tenuiusculo, margine acutiusculo, latere um- bilicali incrassato; umbilico magno, margine crenulato, intus trans- versim striato. Operculo testaceo, extis lamina elevata, convoluta, intis corneo, polito.” C. corrueatus, Pfr. Cat. Phan. p. 13. Shell subturbinate-depressed, solid, regularly all over angularly wrinkled, white, with a deciduous fulvid epidermis; spire short, reddish, rather acuminate ; whorls 5, convex, the last one cylindrical, nearly flat beneath, with a nodulous ridge around the umbilicus, which is open, and of a middle size ; aperture a little oblique, nearly circular, with a slight angle above, inside whitish ; perzstome straight, blunt ; its margins joined into an angle, which often is doubled ; right mar- gin slightly sinuate ; left margin shortly affixed to the penult whorl. Operculum concave externally, with 9 very narrow whorls, the mar- gin of which is dilated into broad, spiral, raised, somewhat expanded laminze. Height 14; greatest breadth 22, least breadth 19 mill.—Cat. Phan. p. 13, C. corrueatus, Chitty. The shell I adopt as C. corrugatus I describe as ‘‘ depressed-tur- binate: colour blueish-white, with an epidermis of rich red-brown and yellowish-brown ; just below the suture and apex, rich red-brown; salmon-colour tinge within the aperture. Sculpture, the 33 upper whorls, excepting the nuclear apex, with the lines of growth strongly but finely defined, without wrinkles. Thence the lines of growth become coarser and coarser throughout the remainder ; coarser and coarser wrinkles diagonally from right above to left below on the penult whorl, the wrinkles gradually assuming a zigzag form, till they become very coarse at the periphery of the last whorl, and then eccentric curvilinear grooves which terminate.and are deepest, but are not tooth-marked at the umbilical keel, which is well raised, the terminating fourth part of the last whorl becoming compara- tively smooth. Spire, moderately elevated, with convex outlines. Whorls, 54, moderately rounded, rather flattened above, and spread- ing below, with moderate suture; the terminal half of the last 147 whorl much depressed above, at, and behind the aperture. Aperture, rather oblique in incomplete shells, subelliptical and subangular above, like a hanging pear—in finished shells, subcircular, rather dilated below on the right side, and the angularity above becoming almost obsolete by the thickening of the outside. Peritreme, well thickened and blunt all round. Umdilicus, deep and comparatively nar- row ; greatest breadth, that is from side to side at the wmbilical keel*, about 0°36, and least breadth 0°28. Umbilical keel, narrowly and roundly pinched up, the strize of growth extending over it imbricatedly from the hollow. Operculum, greatest breadth 0°51, least breadth0-46 © —slightly concave externally, with about+ 9 outward bending, spiral whorls of lamine rising from its plane, the summits of which spread, and are reflected outwards, but widely separated from one another, nearly parallel to the plane, and striated eccentrically, as like water flying off a turned wheel by centrifugal force ; lamina well detached above from the plane, and from each other whorl. Height of shell, 1 inch; greatest breadth 1-2, least breadth 1 inch f. C. corrvucGatus, var. a (?), Chitty. This shell differs from C. corrugatus in being much smaller. Height 0°8, greatest breadth 0°94, least breadth0°75; greatest breadth of umbilicus 0°27, least breadth 0°2; greatest breadth of operculum 0°43, least breadth 0°37. The corrugation is finer. It is sometimes quasi smooth below, and marked with bands like C. Jamaicensis with transverse raised sub-obsolete lines. Umbilical keel is less promi- nent. Whorls 5. Whorls of operculum about 6 or 7. C. PortianveEnsis, Chitty. Portland. Form, depressed-turbinate. Colour, blueish-white with a deep bistre brown epidermis; apex blood-red sometimes. Sculpture, 34 of upper whorls coarse, strie of growth becoming thenceforth deeply corrugated vertically on the upper part of the last whorl until about the last third, where the corrugation ceases ; the strize of growth are finer and a few pits occur, and a few transverse obsolete ridges appear. No corrugation at the periphery: a few pits, and a slight corrugation surround the outside of the umbilical keel. Umbilical keel and striz of growth within the umbilicus are much stronger than in C. corrugatus. Spire, and outlines like C. corrugatus. Whorls, 51, last whorl and about 1th of penult whorl depressed above, below the suture. Aperture, like C. corrugatus, but rather more expanded on right than on left side ; oblique to axis, as C. cor- rugatus. Peritreme, like C. corrugatus. Umbilicus, much wider in * The measurement of the umbilicus in all instances is taken from side to side from the inner edge of the umbilical keel, taking care that the points of the com- passes shall be at a right angle with the axis of the shell. + The nuclear centre and second whorl are probably never seen in mature shells, from their extreme delicacy while young, which causes the appearance of being " devoid of laminz in the extreme centre. t All my measurements are in decimals of an inch. 148 proportion than C. corrugatus: greatest breadth 0°32, least breadth 0:26. Operculum, of general character of that of C. corrugatus: greatest breadth 0°45, least breadth 0°41 ; whorls, about 10, much closer approaching each other than in C. corrugatus, and spread of margin much less ; slightly concave. Height 0°85, greatest breadth 1:07, least breadth 0°88. C. notratior. Chitty. St. Elizabeth. Form, colour, and sculpture much like C. corrugatus, finer in pro- portion. Whorls 5, a slight depression only on upper part of last whorl. Umbilical keel, not so distinctly raised, but broader in pro- portion: greatest breadth 0°25, least breadth 0:2. Operculum, of C. corrugatus character, slightly concave : raised lamina of 8 whorls, the margin scarcely reflected. Height 0°59, greatest breadth 0°8, least breadth 0°61. C. NoraTIor, var. a, Chitty. Yallahs Hill. Is much smaller and finer in sculpture, and the umbilical keel is much less prominent in proportion. Height 0°46, greatest breadth 0°61, least breadth 0°53. C. noratus, Chitty. Trelawny. Sculpture, fine and almost smooth, with a slight corrugation on the upper part of latter half of the last whorl, which is devoid of de- pression in its upper part. Umbilicus, greatest breadth 0°17, least breadth 0°16. Umbilical keel, almost obsolete. Operculum, cha- racter of C. corrugatus, more concave than preceding; spiral la- mina, about 8 whorls, upper margin scarcely reflected. Height 0°58, greatest breadth 0°64, least breadth 0°56. C. novz-sPE!, Chitty. New Hope, Westmoreland. This shell is very much corrugated on the last and a quarter of the penult whorls, and eccentrically and very deeply round the umbilical keel; from all others of its size it may be distinguished, even in worn shells, by the appearance of pits or indentations on its exterior, as though the keel (which is very prominent) had been bitten into its shape by pointed distant teeth. Umdbilicus, greatest breadth 0°24, least breadth 0°18. Operculum, character of C. corrugatus ; lamina 8 or 9 whorls, margin rather more broadly expanded and flattened than in C. notatus, slightly concave. Height 0°63, greatest breadth 0°82, least breadth 0°71. C. cycLoatus, Chitty. New Hope. Form, as usual. Colour, a broad band of rich brown-red extending round above and below the periphery, whence its name—and above and below, light dingy yellow. Sculpture, fine striz of growth on upper three whorls, the remainder much coarser, corrugated below the suture, and below that, pitted; smooth and shining at the peri- phery ; much pitted outside the umbilical keel, coarse lines of growth inside umbilicus. Spire, much depressed. Whorls, 42rds, well SS ——- >. » ee 149 rounded with deep suture. Aperture, subcircular, angular (as usual) _ above. Peritreme, slightly indented above. Umbilicus, large, greatest breadth 0°27, least breadth 0°24. Umbilical keel, much raised on the inside, and moderately so on the outside. Opereulum, more con- cave than the preceding ; sculpture partakes of that of C. corrugatus and of C. Jamaicensis, the spiral lamina bending outwards, and its margin slightly reflected horizontally, as in the former, and the plane being strongly striated, as in the latter; 7, or perhaps, 9 whorls, convex on under side. Height 0°61, greatest breadth 0-88, least breadth 0°72. C. pusrosus, Ad., and C. sururauis, Sow. See Cat. Phan. p- 12. Habitat of C. dubiosus is north of “ Holland Estate,” near the “Ys” river. It is very scarce; and I never could obtain more than one small lot, of about nine or ten specimens, many not fresh ; and only one with the operculum, the spiral lamina of which is very like in all respects to that of C. suturalis (see id., p. 12); but has at least 7 whorls; these in both shells bend outwards, like to my type of C. corrugatus, with margins well reflected outwards, but scarcely horizontally, though more so in C. dubiosus than in C. su- turalis; the under side of operculum is flat. C. suturalis is found in the higher mountains which run from Manchester, as far as New Hope, Westmoreland, in the west end of the island; but not, I think, near the spot where the former is found, though passing it. § IL. C. varrans, Ad. See Cat. Phan., p. 15, and ante, p. 145, as to formation of lamina on operculum. Operculum, planulate on the under side. Height 0°72, greatest breadth 09, least breadth 0°72. C. VARIANS, var. a., Chitty. Is of a darker colour; the operculum is slightly more concave ; the last part of the last whorl is nearly smooth, devoid of sculpture ; the umbilical keel is not so wide, and the shell is much less depressed in proportion to its breadth. Height 0°72, greatest breadth 0-86, least breadth 0°67. C. susruGosus, Sow. See Cat. Phan., p. 15. The description of operculum, wanting there, I am able to supply ; Class varians, more planular, with 9 or 10, or perhaps more whorls of the spiral lamina; planulate below. C. corrveatior, Chitty. Gutter’s Hill. Form, much depressed-turbinate. Colour, light red-brown, in- clined to pink, with a light brown epidermis. Sculpture, fine strie of growth on the Ist and 2nd whorls, except on the nu- clear apex; from about the completion of the 2nd whorl, the diagonal (from right above to left below) corrugation becomes very strongly and regularly defined, terminating, in regularity, 150 at about one half of the last whorl, where the corrugation be- comes coarse, irregular, and ill-defined, till little more than . coarse striee of growth are seen behind the aperture. From the periphery downwards, the corrugations on the last whorl, for about its first half, are much closer together than those above, and lie almost horizontally, but inclining from left above to right below ; and, outside the umbilical keel, the rest of the whorl below the peri- phery is much pitted. Strize of growth inside the umbilicus rather fine. Spire much depressed, with convex outlines. Whorls nearly 5, well rounded with a deep suture. Aperture well rounded, slightly subangular above. Peritreme rather reflected, and spread on the right, sometimes double above; thickened (as is usual) on the left, and slightly detached from body-whorl. Umbilicus broad; greatest breadth, 0°35; least breadth, 0°31. Umbilical keel well developed. Operculum moderately concave above, planulate below, rather in- clined to that of C. corrugatus form, from the cross lines on the margin of the spiral lamina being less developed, but otherwise like the C. varians type in general character of closeness to one another. 8 or 9 whorls, and still a vacuity in the centre. Height 0°7, greatest breadth 0°98, least breadth, 0°84. Var. minor, Chitty, is much smaller; being, height 0°53, greatest breadth 0°8, least breadth 0°65. Var. magna, Chitty, is much more conical ; height 0°8, greatest breadth 0°92, least breadth 0°81. C. gemma, Chitty. New Hope. Form, very much depressed-turbinate. Colour, bluish-white, with a light brown epidermis. Sculpture, like to C. corrugatior, but corrugation commences almost at the first quarter of the 3rd whorl ; corrugation very marked in proportion to size, as in C. corrugatior ; sometimes in zigzag vertically, sometimes with dia- gonal arrow-head-shaped indentations, the points being on the peri- phery, on the last whorl. Spire, much depressed, with convex outlines. Whorls, 41, well rounded with a deep suture, last whorl much depressed. Aperture, widely expanded, especially on the right side and below, slightly angular above. Perztreme, well ex- panded on right side, more separated from body-whorl on left than in C. corrugatior.. Umbilicus, broad; greatest breadth, 0°21, least breadth, 0°16. Umbilical keel, almost obsolete. Operculum, same as in C. corrugatior, with about 9 whorls. Height 0°41, greatest breadth 0°66, least breadth 0°51. C. ziezac, Chitty. Trelawny. Form, depressed-turbinate. Colour, white, with light brown epider- mis. Sculpture, like C. corrugatior in the upper whorls, only very much finer and closer, and more regularly corrugated, in zigzag form, on the last whorl, and finely corrugated all over the under side, except behind the aperture, round the um- bilicus. Spire, moderately elevated, with convex outlines. Whorls, rs i a ee 151 48, well rounded, with a deep suture at the upper whorls, and a moderate one above the last whorl. Aperture, subcircular, diam. 0°34, expanding rather on the umbilical than on the opposite side, slightly detached from the body-whorl; angular above. Peri- treme, slightly sinuate. Umbilicus, narrow, greatest breadth 0°15, least breadth 0°13. Umbilical keel, well produced. Operculum, small (diameter 0°25) with spiral lamina of 9 whorls, and perhaps more; much more concave than in C. varians, and less so than C. corrugatior; planulate beneath. Ucight 0-6, greatest breadth 0:75, least breadth 0°58. § III. C. seminupus, Ad. See Ad. Contrib. Conch., pp. 143, 146; Cat. Phan., p. 15. In order to carry out my views as to the specific value of the opercula, it is necessary I should enlarge upon Adams’s descrip- tion, which is as follows :—‘‘ Operculum quite concave, with the spiral lamella scarcely elevated, but much thickened and appressed on the exterior side.” My description is: — Oper- culum concave on the upper side, and convex on the under side, with 5 or 6 distant whorls of spiral lamina, scarcely elevated, and much thickened; the margins spreading widely outwards horizon- tally into a surface covered by excentric lines, so as to join each suc- ceeding whorl, and apparently not detached ; closely appressed to the plane, though in reality (as seen on breaking the operculum in half) not soldered to it. This operculum, from its centre, represents the base of an amphitheatre, each whorl resembling very broad steps or seats rising towards the exterior; greatest diameter 0°34, least breadth 0°32. Umbilicus, greatest breadth 0°41, least breadth 0°34. Habitat, north-west border of Manchester, and Bogue estate, St. Elizabeth. C. De BureHzanvs, Chitty. ? Westmoreland. Form, globose-conic. Colour, bluish-white, with an epidermis, light brick-red, on the upper whorls, turning into a pale straw-colour for about 1th below the suture, on part of the penult, and on the last whorl, and rich red-brown over the remainder, which is sometimes in- terrupted by straw-coloured bands at the periphery and round the um- bilical keel. Sculpture, lines of growth on 3} of the upper whorls, thence it becomes finely corrugated below the suture on the penult whorl, very coarsely so on the last whorl, sometimes extremely so, and knotted at the sinuation in the peritreme, all below being smooth and shining, except for the continuance of the lines of growth, a few distant blunted spiral lines, and a few pittings scattered below at the junction of the umbilical keel and aperture. Within the umbilicus, the lines of growth are very coarse. Spire, well elevated with con- vex outlines. Whorls, 5, well rounded with a well-impressed suture. Aperture, rather oblique, well expanded below. Peritreme, light- brown, more sinuate above than C. seminudus, and sometimes very 152 deeply sinuated ; in age not so much thickened as in C. seminudus, but in one instance of a larger (than typical) old shell, very much produced from the body-whorl. Umbilicus, narrow ; greatest breadth 0-3, least breadth 0°24. Umbilical keel,well developed, not very broad. Operculum, planular above, with a slightly elevated, broad, rounded lamina, of about 5 whorls far apart, and the last much farther from the outer edge of the operculum ; the margins broadly reflected and expanded on the plane of the operculum and covered with sharp excentric striz; on the under side, the centre is elevated at the nucleus, then concave and broadly raised all round the edge ; greatest breadth 0°43, least breadth 0:4. Height of shell 0°84, greatest breadth 0°99, least breadth 0°82. Named in compliment to Mrs. De Burgh. I have reason to fear that I may have distributed this shell as C. seminudus. Let me here observe how excellent a guide is the operculum ; but for the coneavity of C. seminudus and the flatness of this, other differences might have escaped notice. How marked are the differences, however ! Measurements of Measurements of C. seminudus. DeBurgheanus. Beehtob shell ico. Sos. OGb fuses dat beds 0°84 Greatest breadth........ pain Danelsigty. taraeih. ae 0°99 Least breadth .............. OP7 Stes: 32h dee saOSZ Greatest breadth of umbilicus. .0°41..............0°3 Least breadth .............4. Dod beessiaczar, b 28 aan DA Greatest breadth of operculum. .0°34........ il ee 0°43 Least breadth .. 2.04 0scees ss O52) ill. . ee C. RUDIS-PLANUSQUE, Chitty. Accompong Town, St. Elizabeth. This shell, likewise, Adams has distributed as a variety of C. varians, from which it most materially differs in its operculum. It is, how- ever, a puzzling shell, as it varies so much in its dimensions, as seen below. Form, globose-conic. Colour, dark brown; sometimes light red- brown ; sometimes, in age, almost black on the last whorl; some- times with a light narrow band at the periphery ; sometimes with a broad band. Sculpture, inconstant, generally shining and smooth, except for rather coarse strie of growth; sometimes finely corru- gated on the penult whorl and below the suture on the last whorl, and below, at the junction of the peritreme and umbilical keel ; sometimes merely slightly pitted here and there; sometimes with the lines of growth very coarsely developed on the upper whorls ; coarse lines of growth within the umbilicus. Spire, well elevated, with convex outlines. Whorls, 43, moderately rounded, with deep suture above; moderate suture at the termination of the last whorl, which is much depressed. Aperture, pyriform, expanded on the right. Peritreme, generally very sinuate on the right above. Um- bilieus, narrow, greatest breadth 0°25, least breadth 0°22. Umébilical keel, well developed. Opereulum, like C. DeBurgheanus, only planular on the under side. i — 7S | 153 Of the largest specimen eee a : oe breadth 0°82, least : : height 0°51, greatest breadth 0°67, least Of the medium size.... breadth 0°53. breadth 0°35. C. pretiosus, Chitty. New Hope. Form, depressed-conic. Colour, middling light rich brown. Seulp- ture, 1st, 2nd and 3rd and 4 whorls (except the nuclear apex) very fine, gradually growing very strong and prominent, vertical lines of growth ; the rest, finely diamond-cut above and below, except the last third of the last whorl, which is smooth, with fine lines of growth, and sometimes diamond-cut below. Lines of growth coarse within the umbilicus. Spire, much depressed, with scarcely convex outlines. Whorls, 41, well rounded, with a deep suture, last whorl much ex- panded at the aperture on the right and below. Aperture, much detached from penult whorl, well rounded, width and height (into the usual angle) 0°24. Peritreme, very slightly sinuate above, much thickened in mature shells. Umbilicus, wide, greatest breadth 0°15. Umbilical heel, moderately developed fer little more than half a whorl. Operculum, like C. rudis-planusque, but with 4 whorls only, and the outer one is in proportion further from the edge. Height 0°41, greatest breadth 0°56, least breadth 0°45. C. Bairpranvs, Chitty. Form, globose-conie. Colour, rich red-brown, with sometimes a lighter band at the periphery and round the umbilical keel, yellow- ish at the suture on the last whorl. Sculpture, fine lines of growth on the upper whorls and fine corrugation on the penult and last ; moderately coarse lines of growth within the umbilicus. Spire, well elevated, with convex outlines. Whorls, 5, well rounded, with deep suture. Aperture, much expanded to the left, pyriform. Perv- treme, rather sinuate above, much projecting at the usual angle. Umébilicus, narrow, greatest breadth 0-2. Operculum, like C. seminu- dus, but with only 4 whorls, the last rising higher, further from the edge, and spreading more widely than any of this class of opercula, so as almost to form a concave surface, except towards the centre. Height 0°57, greatest breadth 0°65, least breadth 0°57. C. ruser, Chitty. Westmoreland. Form, depressed-conic. Colour, very red-brown, especially red on the apex and internally, with a somewhat lighter band at the peri- phery and round the umbilicus, slightly yellow below the suture on the last whorl. Sculpture, very fine lines of growth on the first 3 whorls, and then coarser and coarser, yet fine diamond-cutting throughout ; corrugated also below the suture just behind the aperture, and very much where the peritreme and umbilical keel meet; coarse lines of growth within the umbilicus. Spire, not much elevated: convex outlines. Whorls, 5, well rounded, deep Ge the waniar ee eae 0°34, greatest breadth 0°45, least 154 suture. Aperture, very oblique, approaching to straight on the left, and much expanded, especially above on the right. Peritreme, slightly sinuate above. Umbilicus, narrow, greatest breadth 0°24. Umbilical keel, strongly produced within, rather flat outside, conti- nuous round the whorl. Operculum, rather concave and convex on the lower side between the types of C. seminudus and C. Jamaicensis ; whorls 6, the margins rising higher before dilation than in C. semi- nudus, and being much broader and rounder than in C. Jamaicensis. Height 0°61, greatest breadth 0:88, least breadth 0-7. This shell has been distributed by Adams as a variety of C. varians. § IV. C. Jamaicensis, Chemn. See Cat. Phan. p. 13. I will only add to that description, that the operculum, though generally planular, is sometimes very triflingly concave, and that the last lamella whorl is wide apart from the edge. C. pENTIsTIGMATUS, Chitty. Yallahs Hill and Portland. Form, depressed-conic. Colour, dark olive brown, strong red-brown at the apex and within the aperture. Sculpture, coarse lines of growth down to the last quarter of the penult whorl, thence coarse corrugation till it becomes extremely coarse, wide and highly raised at the back of the last whorl, and becomes obsolete at the back of the aperture ; below the periphery, smooth with about 14 deep eccentric tooth-like indentations running up to the umbilical keel (thence the name) ; lines of growth within the umbilicus, not coarse. Spire, well elevated, somewhat mammiform, with concave outlines. Whorls, 53, much rounded with a deep suture, last very large and ventricose. Aperture, rather oblique, dilated on the right side, large, red-brown within. Peritreme, very sinuate above. Umbilicus, largely open and funnel-shaped, greatest breadth 0°36. Umbilical keel, very promi- nent and wide. Operculum, planular above, lamina of 9 whorls rising higher and much closer than in C. Jamaicensis, which it much re- sembles otherwise ; below the margins, the lamina spreads out as in C. seminudus, so as to touch each consecutive whorl, and appear to be appressed to the plane, but are de fucto detached. Last whorl close to the edge, rather concave below. Height 0-9, greatest breadth 1°13, least breadth 0°9. This shell may be readily known by the tooth-marks which give rise to its name. Its operculum and size distinguish it from C. Nove-Spei. C. novus-sattus, Chitty. New Forest. Form, depressed-couic. Colour, brown. Sculpture, throughout fine somewhat close regular strize of growth, which give a silky appearance. Spire, moderately elevated, with convex outlines. Whorls, 54, well rounded, with a deep suture. Aperture, circular, not expanded. Peritreme, simple. Umbilicus, greatest breadth 0°32. Umbilical keel, almost obsolete, just visible. Operculum, concave 155 above; spiral lamina of 7 whorls rising as in C. Jamaicensis, but much narrower at the margins, which are deflected and expanded on to the plane as in C. dentistigmatus, but do not quite so closely approach the consecutive whorl. Height 0°76, greatest breadth 0:97, least breadth 0°77. C. crassus, Ad. See Cat. Phan., p. 16. C. rnutixis, Chitty. (Unique.) Form, much depressed-conic. Colour, light brown ; apex red- brown. Sculpture, fine lines of growth on the 3+ whorls, thence (for its size) roughly corrugated, except the last quarter of last whorl, where, above, lines of growth are strong, with slight pitting ; lines of growth fine within the umbilicus. Spire, much depressed, with convex outlines. Whorls, 4, well rounded, with very deep suture. Aperture, oblique from left to right below, dilated above and much expanded to the right, horizontally elliptical, 0°22 across, 0:2 vertically. Peritreme, rather sinuate above, and detached from the penult whorl. Umdilicus, open and large, greatest breadth 0-14. Umbilical keel, well defined inside umbilicus. Operculum, of C. Ja- maicensis type, concave exteriorly, with lamella of 5 whorls, like C. crassus. Height 0°31, greatest breadth 0°46, least breadth 0°35. § V. C. rupis-FontTis, Chitty. Rock Spring, Hanover. Form, globose-conic, very thick and substantial. Colour, deep red- brown, with a broad band of dingy yellow next below the suture on the penult whorl, lighter behind the aperture, red at the apex, light brown at the periphery, and bluish-white inside the aperture. Sculpture, fine lines of growth, with a slight corrugation and slight pitting below the suture on the last whorl; lines of growth fine within the umbilicus, somewhat pitted close to the exterior of the umbilical keel. Spire, well raised, with convex outlines. Whorls, 5z, well rounded with deep suture; last slightly depressed above. Aperture, slightly expanded on the right. Peritreme, very much thickened, slightly sinuate above. Umdbilicus, moderately open, greatest breadth 0°22, funnel-shaped. Umbilical keel, strongly and broadly produced outside and inside. Operculum, planular below and ‘above, plane plain or smooth, lamina with 6 whorls rising high and vertically to the plane exteriorly, thickened at the base and rising with a slight outward slope, so as to make the margin com- paratively sharp; termination of the last whorl sharp ; last whorl distant from the upraised edge of the plane. Height 0.79, greatest breadth 0°99, least breadth 0°75. C. corruGatissimvus, Chitty. Form, depressed-conic. Colour, brown. .Sculpture, 3 and 2rds of upper. whorls fine lines of growth, thencé very much and very coarsely corrugated above and below in zigzag form to close behind 156 the aperture with deep tooth-like indentations round the umbilical keel ; inside the umbilical keel fine strize of growth. Spire, not much elevated, with almost straight outlines. Whorls 5, well rounded, deep suture. Aperture, slightly oblique to the right below, much expanded below. Peritreme, much sinuate above, and sinuated throughout. Umbilicus, moderately open, greatest breadth 0°31, funnel-shaped. Umbilical keel, well developed, not very wide, deeply produced inside. Operculum, deep concave, lamina elevated, as in C, Rupis-Fontis, 7 whorls of the same character much closer together, and close to outer edge of plane ; termination of last whorl inflected and thickened. Height 0°81, greatest breadth 1-1, least breadth 0°81. § VI. C. sugosus, Ad. See Cat. Phan. p.14. Had. St. Elizabeth. C. suGosvus, var. parva, Chitty. A small variety of this shell occurs. Height 0°52, greatest breadth 0°8, least breadth 0°61. C. suGosvus, var. striosus, Chitty. A still smaller variety occurs, the mouth of which is less dilated, and the sculpture is altogether less corrugated, and which, from above the periphery on the lower part of the last whorl, gives place to close, parallel, diagonal groovings. Height 0°39, greatest breadth 0:6, least breadth 0°5. C. sucosus, var. rufilabris, Chitty. This I doubtfully place as a variety only ; if thought otherwise, it may take specific rank as C. rufilabris, It is much more conical than C. jugosus, brownish on the lip, coarsely corrugate in the site of the obsolete umbilical keel; the umbilicus is very narrow; the end of the last whorl on the operculum is appressed to the preceding whorl. Height 0°61, greatest breadth 0°71, least breadth 0°57. C. pattescens, Ad. Hab. North-east corner of St. Elizabeth, Chitty. See Cat. Phan. p.14.—Lamella 10 whorls on opercu- lum, and much less raised than in C. jugosus. C. WresTMORELANDENSIS, Chitty. Westmoreland. Form, subglose-conic. Colour, red-brown, with light brown epi- dermis ; aperture red-brown; apex red. Sculpture, fine lines of growth, with slight coarse corrugation over the middle of last whorl, coarse lines of growth inside umbilical keel: Spire, well elevated, with slightly convex outlines. Whorls, 51, well rounded, but less above ; moderate suture. Aperture, well rounded, slightly oblique to the left below, a little dilated on the right below. Peritreme, much sinuate above. Umdéilicus, moderate size, greatest breadth 0°3. Umbilical keel, moderately produced. Operculum, planular below, but from the increasing height of the whorls of the spiral lamina, apparently concave above ; 9 or 10 whorls, closer than in C. jugosus, S Mammalig 157 end of last whorl appressed to preceding one. Height 0:8, greatest breadth 0°97, least breadth 0:81. C. noposvs, Chitty. Maroon Town, St. James. Form, more depressed-conic, Colour, white, with light brown epidermis, brown at lip and on operculum. Seulpture, lines of growth, remarkably knotted corrugation on last whorl, pitted deep about umbilical keel, and coarse lines of growth within. Spire, de- pressed, with rather straight outlines. W, horls, 54, well rounded, with deep suture. Aperture, rather oblique to the left below. Peritreme, slightly sinuate above. Umbilicus, wide, greatest breadth 0°3, funnel-shaped. Umbilical keel, not wide, but well produced. Operculum, small, strong, sharp-edged lamina of 5 or 6 wide-apart whorls, rising almost equally from the flat plane, end of last thick- ened. Height 0-6, greatest breadth 0°85, least breadth 0°67. C. Beswicxz, Chitty. Bogue Estate, north-east corner of St. Elizabeth. Form, subglobose-conic. Colour, pinkish, with light brown epi- dermis. Sculpture, very coarse lines of growth, very slight distant corrugation on the last whorl, coarser below ; fine lines of growth within umbilical keel. Spire, well elevated, with almost straight outlines. Whoris, 53, moderately rounded, with moderate suture. Aperture, oblique and much dilated to the right below, depressed above. Peritreme, slightly sinuate above, sharp on the right. Um- bilicus, moderate, greatest width 0°25. Umbilical keel, strongly pro- duced. Operculum, with lamina of about 9 much incurved close spiral whorls, which are very slightly concave on the entire margins ; end of last a little incurved to preceding one. Height 0-75, greatest breadth 0-9, least breadth 0°74. C. peRPALLIDUS. Near Moore Town, Portland. This shell was originally brought to me by a negro named Shelly, whom I could never, even by money! excite to sufficient energy to collect more. See Cat. Phan. p- 16. Operculum still wanting. 4. Description or 4 New Specizs or ANTELOPE (Oryx Bra- TRIX) FROM Bompay?, LaTELy LIVING IN THE MeEwna- GERIE OF THE Society. By Dr. Jonn Epwarp Gray, F.R.S., F.L.S., V.P.Z. & Env. Soc. Etc. (Mammalia, Pl. LY.) The African genus Oryx is divided into two sections, according to the form of the horn. In one, the Kookaam, or Gemsboc (0. gazella), the horns are straight ; in the true Oryx (0. leucoryx), they are arched and recurved. The former has a black streak along the lower part of the sides, and is found over a large extent of Africa, from the Cape to Abyssinia ; for O. Biessa of Riippell ap- 158 peared to be only a small variety of O. gazella, the smaller size de- pending on some peculiarity in the climate or locality, as is the case with the Strepsiceros kudu found in Abyssinia by Capt. Harris, which is only half the size of that inhabiting the Cape of Good Hope. The O. leucoryx, on the other hand, which is confined to Senaar and Senegal, is without any indication of the lateral streak. The animal now under consideration is intermediate between these species ; it has the straight horn of 4. gazella and the plain colour of A. leucoryx, but its dark legs and peculiar white feet at once separate it from either. The animal was presented to the Society by Capt. John Shepherd of the India House ; it was regarded in the Gardens as a half-grown Oryx gazella, and is said to have been brought from Bombay. A pair was shipped from the latter port, but the female died at sea. The male is now in the Collection of the British Museum. Oryx Beatrix. The Beatrice. (PI. LV.) The horns slender, straight, or only very slightly curved near the tip, annulated nearly to the tip. White; a spot on the middle of the face, a smaller spot between the base of the horns, a large patch on each cheek, extended above up to the eyes, and united to- gether beneath under the throat; the knees and front of the fore- and hind-legs, and a large spot on the chest, dark blackish brown ; the legs to the posterior grey-brown ; end of the tail black. Hab. Bombay, but probably brought from the shores of the Red Sea. Brit. Mus. This specimen is not half the size of the Gemsboc from the Cape, and is immediately known from it by the distribution of its colours. In form and size it resembles the true Oryx (0. leucoryzx), but it differs in the straightness of the horn, the size and form of the cheek- spot, and especially in the dark colour of the legs, and the well- marked white ring around the fetlock joint just above the hoof, The hair is whorled on the middle of the haunches like the rest of the genus, and the hairs of the back in front of the withers are directed forwards. 5. Description or New Genera or Gorconiap&. By Dr. Joun Epwarp Gray, F.R.S., F.L.S., V.P. Z. & Ent. Soc. ETC. (Radiata, Pl. VIII.) 1. SARCOGORGIA. The coral rather irregularly furcately branched on a single plane. The axis black, cylindrical, thick at the base, with slender flexible branchlets. The bark fleshy ; in the dry state, thin, like a continuous skin, smooth, without spicula, with rather close more or less raised cells, strengthened with a quantity of sand-like granular spicula. —_— —— 0 Proc ZS Radiata VIII W. West Imp 159 This genus is at once distinguished from all the other Gorgonie that & have seen, by its thin, smooth, skin-like bark studded with sandy more or less raised wart-like cells, which on the thick stem are numerous all round the surface, scarcely raised, while on the thinner branchlets they are further apart, and form prominent wart-like cells. The axis is olive-brown, formed of concentric laminze, which often show a space between them at the fractures. When the bark is soaked in potash it is rather thick and flesh-like, and the cells are surrounded with a single series of rather regularly disposed, nearly equal-sized, angular, sand-like, transparent particles, forming a sheath to the polype. The tentacle of the polypes, when examined in this state, are thick, conical, and simple, without any indication of the pinnate tu- bercles which are to be seen in the living Gorgonia, according to the observations of most naturalists. I only know of a single species of the genus, which was purchased of a dealer in natural history at Liverpool, without any habitat. Sarcocoreia puipiprus. (Pl. VIII.) 2. SUBERGORGIA. Coral fureately branched, rather compressed, with a continued sunken groove up the middle of each side. Cell rather prominent, convex, in two or three rather irregular series up each edge. Axis pale brown, wert-like, formed of rather loosely concentric fibrous laminz, containing a large quantity of calcareous matter, and effer- vescing with muriatic acid. The bark when dry is rather thin, smooth, hard and granular within. SUBERGORGIA SUBEROSA. Subexgorgonia suberosa, Esper. t. 49. This genus, and the genera Junceella, Ctenocella, and Gorgonella of Valenciennes, should be arranged with Corallium under the family Coralliide, characterized by having a calcareous axis. 6. DrescrirTION or A RABBIT SAID TO BE FOUND ON THE HIMA- : LAYAN Mountains. By A. D. Barrett. (Mammalia, Pl. LVI.) This animal is smaller than the domestic Rabbit, being shorter and more compact ; its body is pure white, the nose, ears, legs and tail are of a dark brownish-black, the eyes dark red. The fur is much shorter and more nearly equal in length than in the common Rabbit. The young are perfectly white all over until they are five or six weeks old, at which time the nose and tail begin , 160 o get dark-coloured ; the feet soon afterwards get dark, and lastly he ears turn black. : In their movements they appear quicker than other rabbits, and they jump a considerable distance ; some in my possession I have seen leap upon objects 3 feet from the ground. The first specimens of these animals that came under my notice were obtained by Mr. Baker, who informed me that they came from the Himalayas. I have since seen a large number of them, and in no instance have I observed any variation in the colour or markings. They are prolific breeders, and appear extremely hardy. Having some recollection of hearing a furrier once speak of the skins of the Polish Rabbit, I took an opportunity a few days since to examine a large lot of these skins at a fur warehouse, when I found that they were beyond all doubt from the animal now under notice. Upon inquiry I was told that these skins are imported into this country in large numbers, and extensively used as a substitute for ermine, which fur they much resemble. I find in Mulsant, ‘Cours Elémentaire d’ Histoire Naturelle,’ the following :—“ The fur of the White Rabbit, even that of the Polish Rabbit, is easily distinguished from that of the ermine, by its less cylindrical hairs, which are con- siderably longer than the down.” I am also informed that they are bought at the great sale of furs that takes place annually at Leipsic ; to this great fair skins are brought from all parts of the world, and I think it highly probable that these skins are imported from the mountainous parts of Asia. I have not at present examined the skull of this animal, but should I find sufficient difference upon comparing it with the skulls of the other known species, I shall then propose for it the name of Lepus nigripes, or Black-footed Rabbit. July 14, 1857. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., V.P., in the Chair. Mr. Gould having returned from a visit to the United States, whither he had proceeded for the purpose of studying the habits and manners of the species of Trochilus frequenting that portion of the American continent, detailed some of the results of his observations. Having arrived just prior to the period of the bird’s migration from Mexico to the north, and having had ample opportunities for ob- serving it in a state of nature, he noticed that its actions were very peculiar, and quite different from those of all other birds: the flight is performed with a motion of the wings so rapid as to be almost imperceptible ; indeed the muscular power of this little creature ap- 161 pears to be very great in every respect, as, independently of its rapid and sustained flight, it grasps the small twigs, flowers, &. upon which it alights with great firmness, and if wounded clings to them with the utmost tenacity : it appears to be most active in the morn- ing and evening, and to pass the middle of the day under the shade of the thick leafy branches. Occasionally it occurs in such numbers, that fifty or sixty may be seen on a single tree. When captured, it so speedily becomes tame, that it will feed from the hand or mouth within half an hour. Successful in keeping one alive during a long railway journey, in a gauze bag attached to his breast-button, for three days, during which it readily fed from a small bottle filled with a syrup of brown sugar and water, Mr. Gould determined to attempt the bringing of some living examples to England, in which he succeeded, but unhappily they did not long survive their arrival in London, and died on the second day: had they lived, it was his intention to have sent them to the Society’s Gardens, where they would doubtless have been objects of great attraction. Mr. Gould added, that he was certain that they might be readily brought to this country ; that they would live in’ the gardens at least during the months of summer, and that the captains of any of the great steamers now voyaging between England and America would willingly render the assistance requisite to effect this desirable object. Mr. Gould exhibited a highly interesting species of Ceriornis, which he had found in the Collection of Dr. Cabot of Boston, who, with the greatest liberality, permitted him to bring it to England for the purpose of comparison and description. The appearance of this bird is very singular, and the uniform buff colouring of the breast would lead to the supposition that it is merely a variety of one or other of the previously known species of the genus; but the greater length of the tarsi, and the well-defined markings of the back, forbid such a conclusion. For this new bird, forming the fourth species of the genus, Mr. Gould proposed the name of Crriornis Cazort. Forehead, sides of the head, nape and chin, black 3 crest and sides of the neck deep red; all the upper surface mottled with black, rich chestnut, buffy white, and black, the latter colouring assuming the form of a large circular spot at the tip of each feather; this buff mark greatly increasing in size on the scapularies, and the greater wing- and tail-coverts ; primaries and tail feathers very dark brown, crossed with toothed markings of buff mottled with black ; breast and under surface deep sandy buff stained with red, and black on the flanks, under tail-coverts and thighs. Total length, 181; bill, 12; wing, 10 ; tail, 71; tarsi, 33; middle toe and nail, 23. Hab. China. Remark.—This species is more nearly allied to C. Temmincki than No. CCCXXXVII.—Procerepings or THE ZOOLOGICAL Soctety. 162 to the other members of the genus. The specimen is believed to be unique. The following papers were read :— 1. On SroasTOMID# AS A FAMILY, AND ON SEVEN PROPOSED New Genera, Sixty-one New Specises, anp Two New VARIETIES FROM JAMAICA. By THE Hon. Epwarp Cuairtty. Stoastomide! When I first open my cabinet of this Family to the spectator, two observations are generally made. The one, ‘* How minute! how could you trouble yourself with such specks! they are not worth seeing, for we cannot see them.”’ Then follows, ‘“ Well, they are very wonderful; but how did you collect them?” To the first observation I answer, ‘ True, they are but specks, and have very much injured my eyesight ; but they are worth seeing under the microscope ; for they are worthy to rank, and must rank, in point of sculpture, with the most wonderful and beautiful shells known to conchologists, and most of them are most worthy of a sculptor’s or designer’s study.” Among the Helices, Pupe, Acha- tine, Cylindrelle, Bulimi, &c. there are plenty of minute species almost microscopic, and interesting enough ; but, under the micro- scope, these only improve in size, and no further beauties are un- folded, and little further interest is given to them by its use. The Stoastomide, however, are not only wonderful for their minuteness, and from the knowledge that, however minute, they are part of an animal, perfect in its anatomy as that of the largest shell; but the form and sculpture of each species are so marked, that the microscope brings out in each, new beauties and new wonders, entitling them to rank among the most wonderful works in animal creation. And to say the least of these Stoastomide, ‘They are shells, and beautiful ones too, and are not only worthy, but must,—being known to exist, —be in every cabinet that pretends to the smallest degree of perfec- tion or completion.” To the second I shall reply by practical information which I think will be valued. «« Kasily attained, little valued,” may be taken as a good general maxim. But my love for this family arose from a difficulty ; and as it involves the history of Stoastoma, I may be permitted to relate it. In the winter of 1848-49 the late Prof. C. B. Adams paid me a visit in Jamaica ; and looking over a limited collection, he ob- served that which is now known as Stoastoma pisum. The singu- larity of its semicircular mouth was noticed by him, as it had been by me; but it then stood alone, and he put it on one side to be de- cribed as Helicina pisum, hesitating to give it generic importance. He next visited Manchester parish, the principal habitat of S¢. pisum ; and meanwhile’I, in my own garden in St. Thomas in the East parish, close to Yallahs Hill, found a minute shell with a some- what similar mouth, about which I corresponded with him. This 163 turned out to be that wonderful and beautiful speck St. Wilkinson- @anum. He again in Manchester collected more specimens of S. pisum and other species of the family , and, first under the proposed generic name of “‘ Hemicyclostoma,”’ the species were finally placed under the generic name of ‘“ Stoastoma”’ at the suggestion of Dr. A. A. Gould. While Adams was still away from me, as I was exa- mining my only specimen of S. Wilkinsoneanum, it dropped from my hand—fortunately on to the floor-cloth,—and I did not recover it till after a full hour’s careful search. This showed me the folly of being satisfied with the possession of one specimen only, where others might be obtained; and I determined to make a vigorous search for more. I ransacked my garden and all round, in vain ; for, as I now conclude, it had been brought there accidentally, per- haps by a bird; till at last I crossed a deep ravine, a streamlet at the bottom of it, and got to one side of what we call “ Little Yallahs’ Hill,” which stands a good half-mile crow-fly distance from my garden ; there I found a spot, a slope on the hill-side, with crumbling fine dirt running, or sifting as it were, down it. There I first found Geomelania Greyana (described as Cylindrella Greyana, Contrib. Conch. p. 82, till I made out the operculum of that genus). These were so numerous, and many so broken, that I put handfuls of the fine dirt into a small bag for home examination. The result was, plenty of St. Wilkinsoneanum, and other new species at the same time. The plan of collecting all minute shells, beyond this “bagging ”’ of dirt, is, to have a small zine or tin tray about 9 inches long and 3 wide, with sides turning up all round half an inch high. I put about half a teaspoonful of dirt, such as I have alluded to, into it. Holding the tray at each end, and tilting it the furthest side down- wards, shaking it lightly backwards and forwards, right and left, end to end, causes the dirt to fall and spead somewhat evenly along the outer edge ; then, levelling the tray, a slight jerk from side to side of the tray causes the whole of the dirt to spread pretty evenly over the tray’s surface, and exposes every minute object to view, with the aid of strong spectacles or a lens. A pointed wetted camel’s-hair brush takes up and may deposit the minute subjects into a pill-box, or other receptacle, for future examination. The formation of Jamaica being mostly tertiary limestone, out of about a quart of such dirt as this, I have taken dozens and dozens of minute specimens of no less than thirty-one species, besides larger ones, which the naked eye could well see—probably upwards of fifty species from one quart of dirt altogether ! I am about to describe sixty-one new species, which, added to those described by Adams, make the total of eighty belonging to Jamaica. Yet let it not be imagined for one moment that I consider these are all that inhabit the island: on the contrary, I incline to think that that number might be doubled or trebled were the whole land explored. biog I consider that the range of each species is very limited, and that 164 each spot of land suitable to them will contain distinct species which are not to be found elsewhere. S. pisum is a remarkable exception. That shell occurs in the Back Woods or highest mountains in the north of Manchester; at Porus, say ten miles “crow-fly”’ distance on the east border of Manchester; at Moreland and “ Bull dead”’ in Manchester, say about the same distance south, near the western border : and again it is found at Accompong Town in St. Elizabeth’s parish, at (say) twenty-five or thirty miles to the west. And it is curious to observe, that, taking Manchester back woods as the focus, I have collected and received shells from many intermediate spots between it and Porus and Moreland, and Bull dead and Accompong town, without getting one St. pisum, although many shells equal or smaller in size of other genera and species. But take any other of the Stoastomide, and probably you will search for it in vain outside of a circumference of three-fourths of a mile from the spot where it first was found. Each such spot will contain probably as many as four or six or seven species ; but to that spot all those species are confined. In the following descriptions it will be seen that the habitat of six species is certainly “‘ Peace River:”’ and that that of eight species is as certainly Yallahs Hill. That latter I have personally explored ; one of my residences was near by, and I repeatedly visited it; and I have no hesitation in saying that none of those eight species are to be found at half a mile either way. There are hundreds of spots of this kind in the island never trodden by human foot, and there- fore there is no knowing how many Stoastomide and other minute shells might yet be found, or how many of other genera, from large to small, may yet be added to the terrestrial conchology of Jamaica. The number of unique specimens in my cabinet tells us this truth, I having been a collector in situ for years by myself or my black deputies, who are rarely to be bribed into a repetition of a visit to a strange and unwelcome spot. I must here record my great thanks to my friend Dr. S. Livesay for the personal assistance he has afforded me with some of these troublesome shells ; but more especially, not only for the loan of his microscope throughout the labour, but for his most ingenious con- trivances, which have been of the greatest help in the examination and measurement of shells, enabling me, by aid of one, to examine all parts by a rotatory motion, and at the same time to readily compare one shell with another ; and by aid of another, on the sliding-scale principle, to measure by the thousandth part of an inch with the nicest accuracy and with the greatest facility. Future describing conchologists would do well to make inquiries of that gentleman. In order to give a clearer understanding of my descriptions, it is well to state how I have proceeded to examine the shell. Dr. Live- say’s apparatus consists of a plate on which a battery (as it were) of large pins may be placed in grooves, and kept firm by an upper plate, moveable at one end, so as to admit of removing them when required, and fixed at the other by a hinge. These pins are revolved in their grooves by the fingers, there being a small piece of rounded cork stuck on the point of the pin to lay hold of. The shell is gummed — a =— [CC 165 on to the pin’s head, so that the plane of aperture is parallel to the length of the pin, and the axis of the shell at right angles with it. In this position the operculum, if there, or if not, the inside of the aperture, and also the apex and umbilicus, and indeed all parts of the shell, except the point of attachment, can be brought under the microscope by revolving the pin. Next, let me explain any new terms I may have used. In speak- ing of “‘above”’ or “ below,’’ I always consider the apex the upper- most, and the umbilicus the lowermost part. In speaking of “right” or “left,” the outer edge of the aperture is considered to be on the right hand. In pursuing the examination, we give in succession Form and Co- lour. Those two are manifest. Sculpture: we commence to describe the sculpture of the last whorl, and calculate from below the suture downwards towards the umbilical region at about a quarter from the aperture, or the last quarter or third of the last whorl. Spiral carine are sculptured raised lines, transverse to the axis or column of a shell. The spire and its outlines are self-evident. Whorls are counted from the aperture upwards ; from that part to where it is opposite or attached to, what is termed, the body whorl, forms one whorl, and so on upwards, the whole, half, third, or quarter being determined by the exact termination of the appearance of a suture at the nuclear apex. The aperture, or mouth, though not audibly, speaks its own shape, &c. Labrum in Stoastoma is the edge of the right-hand portion of the aperture, extending from the suture, as it were, above, round on the right, till it finishes its curve below; the labium being the almost straight part on the left. Labral and labial, coined words, refer to those parts of the edge of the aperture, &c. Labrum “ double” denotes a more or less fine, sharp groove close behind the very verge of the labral side of the aperture ; and it shows that some at least of Stoastomide have peristome and peritreme, though never prominent or expanded as in Choanopoma fimbriatulum, C. Chittyi, and the like. The ‘“‘labral lamella” is a term we adopt, equivalent to Adams’s ‘spiral lamella,” ‘lamellar spiral keel,” “ spiral carina continued into the lower extremity of the labrum,” &c. ; or the “lamelliform keel,” “basal margin continued,” &c., “small lamella,” “raised la- mella,” &c. of Pfeiffer, Cat. Phan. I call it ‘‘/abral’’ lamella, be- cause it appears to me to grow out of the labral side of the shell, one specimen of Lewisia Agassiziana in progress of development clearly denoting the fact. It answers to the “ umbilical keel” of ‘some of the Cyclotus. In ‘‘measurement”’ of height the axis is placed at right angles to the base, so that “height” signifies distance between two parallel lines, the apex touching one, and the extreme lower edge of the aperture touching the other, the axis being at right angles. ‘‘ Greatest breadth ” measures from the edge of the aperture about the periphery to its extreme opposite at the other side of the last whorl, the axis being still at right angles. ‘Least breadth” is when three parts of the last whorl touch two parallel lines, that is, the plane or edge of the aperture, the back of 166 the last whorl, and narrowest part of it close to the aperture, or the penult whorl, With, then, the one species from Polynesia, Electrina succinea, the total of Stoastomide amount to 81 species known ; and I proceed to propose an entirely new arrangement of them. Professor Adams foresaw the necessity and propriety of it. In his ‘Monograph of Stoastoma,’ p. 4, occur the following passages :—‘‘ The value of this genus is equal to that of the Lamarckian genera of Cyclostoma and Helicina. If these should be generally received as families, sub- divided into several genera according to the plan of Dr. L. Pfeiffer, it will be entitled to constitute a distinct family, Sroasromipz. Some of the characters rarely, if ever, occur in other genera, while the specific differences consist partly in slight modifications of these characters. Such are the blunt but not reflected edge of the labrum and the spiral lamella issuing from the umbilicus. The genus has thus a very obvious type, quite distinct from any hitherto discovered. An affinity with the Cyclostomide is established between