ooo / May - BY WINIFRID A. STEARNS. — —_— T have carefully studied and collected ts of the region. It is of course im- to do much in so short a time, and as not be everywhere at once, some even very common species were not collected _ Nor is the list in itself complete, as year’s study would probably change ; Ps I now call rather rare to common wise, and vice verse. Eakins collect- thing as either abundant, com- er common, not rare, rather : Understand, then, that the list a partial and incomplete one, designed the help of some person or persons correcting and adding to this until a flora of the region may be worked e fut iture day. The collecting season tended from April 10th to June Of course none of the later in the time stated were not collected; very few of the water plants were gathered, and the Rushes, the Sedges, and the Grasses, which are in themselves a study, any one of them, were not identified. Very few of the Cryprocamia or Flowerless plants were gathered except the Ferns. Still a large num- ber of orders are left after taking away these, as Botany is an immense field, and one re- quiring years of hard labor in collecting to become even tolerably familiar with. It must also be remembered that the season this year (1880) was two weeks in advance of last year. Mr. N. 8. Smith, of Newburgh, has helped me in many cases, and the star (*) indicates that the information given was derived from him. Clematis verticillaris, Whorl-leaved Cle- matis.*—May 16, rare, Fishkill mountain. Clematis virginia, Common Clematis.—in early May I saw this, it appears not rare. Anemone nemorosa, Wood Anemone.— April 23 to last of May, rather rare, found pretty generally distributed in high and marshy or wet lowland. Anemone virginiana, Thimble Weed.*— July 9, rare. Anemone pennsylvanica. — May 31 and most of June, generally speaking not rare, but found locally. Hepatica triloba, Liverwort. — from the middle of April to June, very abundant; var- ieties, oprusA and acuta; colors blue, pink, and white; land high and low, dry and swampy. Thalictrum dioicum, Early Meadow Rue. = 3 —Rather common, April 224 on wet bank near.Melzinga. Early May in rather dampish, rocky places. — Thalictrum cornuti, Common Meadow Rue.—Rather common, June 10th*(and at other times and places) at Orange Lake, New- burgh, I have seen it nearly 6 feet high and over one-half inch in diameter; found gener- ally in meadows and swampy lands. Thalictrum anemonoides, Rue Anemone. —Very abundant during April and May, in places high and low, wet and dry; some of ' them immense specimens. Thalictrum alpinum, Alpine Rue.—I found a single plant in bloom (and one or two others in leaf on the left ridge of the Hell ‘Hollow road) on the large peak at the south- east of the Fuller house, April 29th, moist, rocky soil, which I can trace to nothing but this species. Ranunculus purshii, Pursh’s Crowfoot.— A water plant found along the banks of the numerous little inlets of the Hudson; not rare; June 2d. Ranunculus abortivus, Kidney Leaved Crowfoot.—Not rare in fields and along road- sides; April 26-30. (Melzinga and other places. ) Ranunculus fascicularis, Early Crowfoot. —Rather rare; in moist fields, April 24th. Ranunculus repens, Creeping Crowfoot. —I found this species at Orange Lake, New- burgh, in swampy lands, rather rare, June 10th ; variety hispidus, at Fishkill, along the roadsides; not rare; June 14th. Ranunculus palmatus.—I found one spe- cimen, and I think saw others of this species, which really belongs to the South Atlantic States, in a damp, wooded patch at base of 7 Fishkill mountain; June 14th. I can refer my specimen to no other species. Ranunculus acris, Tall Buttercup.—Rather common ; fields and roadsides; June. Ranunculus sceleratus, Celery-leaved Crow- foot.—Not rare; roadside ditches, and by pools of water; June 2d. Ranunculus recurvatus, Sanicle - leaved Crowfoot.—*(I think I saw this also) rather rare ; Fishkill mountains. Ranunculus bulbosus, Buttercup,—Com- mon everywhere during summer. Caltha palustris, Marsh Marigold.—Rather ~ rare; late April or early May; wet lands. (I did not find Coptis trifolia anywhere. It must be rare if found at all.) Aquilegia canadensis, Wild Columbine. —Abundant; rocky ground, high or low; late April and early May. Cimicifuga racemosa, Black Snakeroot. —Rather common in this locality on moun- tain slopes; rich soil; June 15-30. (Acteea alba or rubra, White or Red Co- hosh,—I am sure I have seen one or the other of these, perhaps both, as they are not easy to distinguish at any time, except by ber- ries, on the mountain side. ) Magnolia glauca, White Bay or Mag nolia.—Two flowers were brought to me from a tree in this place, but I do not know whether the tree was native or cultivated, probably the the latter, for, though Torrey (p. 27, vol. I.) says: ‘‘Long Island; not found elsewhere in the state.” Its geographical range would make it liable to be found wild in the south- east corner of New York State as well. Liriodendron tulipifera, Tulip Tree.— It is a native of this region, but I think 5 the specimens sent me were from cultivated trees. Menispermum canadense, Moonseed.— A rather common vine, by mountain road- sides, locally. May 31. (What is called Pappoose Root, Caulo- phyllum, may have occurred, but I did not recognize it; the May Apple, Podopbyl- lum, escaped me also ) Nymphea odorata, White Water Lily.— Comparatively rather rare in the lakes and ponds about here, any way, only a few known to occur so early. Nuphar advena, Yellow Pond Lily.— May be called not rare, when compared with the above, in ponds and streams, June. Sanguinaria canadensis, Bloodroot.— Not rare, locally distributed, rather dry places in fields and by roadsides, April 23-30. (Chelidonium or Celandine, is probably rather common, but I have not yet ana- lyzed it.) Dicentra cucullaria, Dutchman’s Breech- es.—Common from April 15-30; low, moist, rocky cliffs or ground, high (rare) and low (common). Corydalis glauca, Glaucus Corydalis. — Rather rare; dry rocky ground, top of mountain. May 14. (C. aurea not found, probably rare.) (I think I must have collected both spe- cies of Pepper root: Dentaria diphylla and laciniata, as they ought to be common here, but it is almost impossible to deter- mine the cruciferous plants without the seed, which of the majority is not out.) 6 Cardamine hirsuta, Water Cress.—Not rare. May 2. Cardamine rhomboidea, Spring Cress — I am confident that I obtained this species, but the tubereus root is not present for positive identification. Arabis lyrata, Lyre leaved Wall Cress. — Common on rocky sides, especially along ralroad cuttings; a beautiful flower in moist situations. April 11-28 and later. (Arabis hirsuta, Hairy Wall Cress, and A. levigator, Smooth Wall Cress. — Ought to be not rare in early spring, and doubtless is so. Barbarea vulgaris, Winter Cress*.—May 2. Ithink I have seen this also, and that it is common. (I do not remember having seen Draba verna, Whitlow Grass, though it is proba- bly not rare.) Capsella bursa-pastoris, Shepherd’s Purse. —An abundant weed, during May and June; dry lands. (Lepidium virginicum, Pepper Grass.— Is probably not rare, and among my un- identified plants.) (Viola lanceolata, Lance-leaved Violet. — I think not rare; damp meadows, early May.) Viola blanda, Sweet White Violet.— Rather common in wet, shaded places— high and low. April 17-30. Viola palustris.—Rare, top of mountain, ouly a few patches. May 14. (This is re- ally an Alpine violet, and not much found excpt on the summit of high hills or moun- tains. ) Viola palmata, Pedate Violet —Rather Sey tS Pes 7 common, most places it woods, about May 14 on top of hills; various colors. Viola cucullata, Hood-leaved Violet. — I found a great number of varieties of this form, common in damp places, all through- out the last of April and early May. Viola sagitata, Arrow-leaved Violet.— Very early in May; common in dry mead- ows and other situations. Viola pubescens, Yellow Violet —Com- mon in dry places along the slopes of the mountains, all through May. Viola striata, Striated Violet.*—Fishkill mountains, not rare. Hypericum perfoliatum, St. John’s Wort. —Common by roadsides and in fields. June 15-30. Saponaria officinalis, Bouncing Bet.*— Very early; common along the railroad track. Cerastium vulgatum, Mouse-ear Chick- - weed.—common all along the roadsides, all through May. Cerastium viscosum, Viscid Mouse-ear Chickweed.—I found this on old wood roads in the mountains and also in the gar- den at home, May 27. Cerastium arvense, Field Chickweed.— On the mountain side and top, near Mel- zinga, not rare. May14. Cerastium oblongifolium, Oblong-leaved Chickweed.—A few specimens found in the lawn by the house, June 7; rather rare. Stellaria media, Common Chickweed.— Abundant all along the railroads during May and the greater part of June. Claytonia virginica, Spring Beauty.*— Not rare. 8 Geranium maculatum, Common Wild Ge- ranium or Cranesbill.—Common in fields and by roadsides, dry and moist places, during last of May and early June. Geranium robertianum, Herb Robert.— Not rare, in woods and rocky ground. It seemed to be more common at West Point and on the other side of the river. May 24. Oxalis stricta, Yellow Wood Sorrel.— Common along roadsides and hedges and in the grass; late May and early June. Rhus radicans, Poison Ivy.—Very abun- dunt. (The other species of Rhus were not collected ) Acer rubrum, Red Maple.—Common. Acer dasycarpum, White Maple.—On the streets. (Acer saccharinum, Sugar Maple; Acer pennsylvanicum, Striped Maple; Acer spica- tum, Mountain Maple bush. Iam positive I gathered these, but did not have time then to analyze them. ) Negundo aceroides, Ash Maple. —Com- mon as a shade tree; it is also a native. April and May. Staphylea trifolia, Bladder Nut.*—Not rare. May 16. Rhamnes catharticus, Buckthorn. * — Rather rare. May 2. Ceanothus americanus, Jersey Tea.*— Not rare; two miles north on Newburgh river bank. June 23. Trifolium procumbens, Small Yellow Clover.—I found this common in May and June, in dry soil, everywhere by the road- sides. Trifolium agrarium, Large Yellow Clo- ver.—Not rare, along woodside roadsides Ya a allailad 9 and mountain paths, May 30th; also at Ora ange Lake. Trifolium repens, White Clover.—Not common, as I expected, but rather not rare, iast of May. Trifolium pratense, Red Clover.—Abun- dant everywhere; May, June, July, and later. Trifolium arvense, Rabbit Clover.—I found a few specimens the last of June. It is probably common. Melilotus officinalis, Sweet Yellow Clo- ver. —Not rare, along the roadsides in moist places. June 30. Locally abundant. Melilotus alba, Sweet White Clover.— Abundant everywhere in dry sandy soil; - June and July. Locally abundant. Tephrosia virginiana, Goats Rue.—Rath- errare; Juue 15; top of mountain, rocky soil, sheltered spot. Robinia pseudacacia, Common Locust. — Common, May 20-30; along the roadsides and in small groves. Cerasus serotina, Black or Wild Cherry. —Common, May and June, by roadsides and everywhere. Cerasus virginiana, Choke Cherry.*— Dennings Point. I found it in three places, not rare; May 18. Cerasus pennsylvanica, Wild Red Cherry. —On top of mountain in rocky ground, late in May. Prunus americana, Red Plum. _—Not rare —last of May. Amelanchier canadensis, Shad-bush — Abundant everywhere. I found both vari- -eties, Oblongifolia and Oligocarpa, and I think that some of the others may be pres- 10 ent, the tree is so abundant, April 10-20; prefers hilly districts. Crategus crus-galli, Cock-spur Thorn, — This was the only species of this genus that I analyzed (but C. coccinea must have escaped me); this was rather common about streams, at base of mountain, May 15. (Pyrus arbutifolia, Choke-ber:y.—Aiso escaped me, although it ought to be at least very common.) (Rosa lucida, Dwarf Wild Rose; Rosa carolina, Swamp Rose; Rosa rubiginosa, Sweet Brier; all these should be called not rare, at least during June. I am sure I collected them all. The falling of the pe- tals prevented me from absolutely identify- ing them.) Rubus adoratus, Mulberry, Bramble, or Flowering Raspberry.—Common in the mountain siopes and wood-rosds; late in May and early June. Rubus triflorus, Dwarf Raspberry.— Found in woods, high and low, dry or moist places; rather common, early in June, a small erect plant. Rubus strigosus, Wild Red Raspberry.— Common in fields at foot of mountains, in June. Rubus occidentalis, Black Raspberry, Thimble-berry. — Abundant along road- sides and in fields by fences; last of May and first of June. Rubus yvillosus, Common High-bush Blackberry.--Abundant along with occiden- talis. Rubus canadensis, Low Dewberry Black - berry.—Rocky fields; common last of May. — Ruvus hispidus, Swamp Blackberry.— voy e —_ i aw 1a Common in swampy regions; last of May and first of June. Fragaria vesca, Wild Strawberry.— Abundant along the roadsides and in fields —May 15-30. Fragaria Virginica. Wild Strawberry. — found with the last, rather less wild. (Potentilla norvegica, Norwegian Cin- quefoil.—I am positive it was this I found —not rare—at Orange Lake, in the woods, but I could net keep it to analyze.) Potentilla canadensis, Cinquefoil, com- mon; var, pumilia, common; var. hispidus, common; rather diy places but rich soil; May— roadsides, woods and fields. Potentill argentea, Silver-leaved Cinque- foil.—Rather rare, on banks by roadsides. I found oa very small, also a very large va- riety. May 26-—dry situations. Spirea opulifolia, Ninebark.*—May 28, rather rare, along the railroad track. Spirea salicifolia.— Mountain side top, rather common, May 15. Lythrum salicaria.*—May 28, near the river. Opunta vulgaris, Prickly Pear.—Is to be found on Sugar-loaf mountain. Ribes rotundifolium, Round-leaved Gooseberry.—rather rare, at foot of moun- tain, April 30. Ribes floridum, Wild Black Currant.— Not rare; Hopewell, meadow land (woody), May 13. Chrysosplenium americanum, Water Car- pet.—In a mountain sprivg, on a side bank at Melzinga, rather common at least here, April 22. . Mitella diphylla, Mitrewort.—Common 12 at Melzinga and other wet. springy places, April 27 and May. (I have Tiarella candifolia, Bishop's Cap, marked in my list, I think it a mistate, as I do not remember it.) Saxifraga virginiensis, Saxifrage.—Very abundant in rocky swamp places through- out May and June. (I am sure 8. pennsylvanica should have been found not rare, but it escaped me.) Heuchera americana, Alum-root.—June 1-10; a few specimens at Melzinga; rather common at Orange Lake; elevated, moist ground near water. (Hamamelis virginiana, Witch-hazel.— Ought to be found, rather rare, but it es caped me ) Very few of the Umbellifere were in fruit, the following, however, have been analyzed: Sanicula canadensis, common in moist or dryish woody districts; May 30. (I looked for 8. marilandica, but though convinced that it occurs here, I was unable to find it.) Zizia integerrima, Golden Alexanders. — Not rare; along the moist, rocky soil by railroad track and water's edge ; also some- what inland; June 2. Aralia nudicaulis, Wild Sarsaparilla.— Common early in June, in dry, rocky pla- ces and on mountain side. Panax trifolium, Dwarf Ginsing, Ground Nut.—Rather rare; low fields and swampy grounds near fences, April 2-3. Cornus canadensis, Low Cornel.—I saw the plants but not the flowers of this spe- cles. a VI 13 Cornus florida, Flowering Dogwood.— Not rare in the woods on the mountain sides, May 12-18. (I looked carefully for C. serica; it was probably present, but escaped me. I don’t think that C. alternifolia is often found here, as my most careful search did not de- tect it.) Cornus paniculata, Panicled Cornel. — Abundant in swampy grounds almost ev- erywhere; May 31, Cornus stolonifera, White-berried Cor- nels.*—June 21, Matteawan creek, near river. Cornus circinata, Round-leaved Cornel. —Rather common on dry slopes of the mountains; May 27. Lonicera parviflora, Small-flowered Hon- eysuckle. —Near the top of one of the Fish- kill mountains, rather rare, May 14-23; dry places, rather rocky. Diervilla trifida, Bush Honeysuckle.—- Dry hill sides and mountain slopes, June 1-15; rather common. Sambucus canadensis, Common Elder.—— Common, wet places and fields about streams; June 2. Sambucus pubens, Red-berried Elder.*— Not rare, along the railroad track; June 10. Viburnum acerifolium, Maple-leaved Vi- burnum.—Common or not rare, in dry- woods of mountains side. May 22-380. Galium trifidum var. tinctorium, Small Bed-straw.—Not rare, moist, low, wood- land. June 2. Galium aparine, Common Bed-straw.— Not rare. Hopewell, sandy soil in moist 14 meadow land. May 13 (I saw G. asprel- lum). (I did not see Houstonia cerulea. the In- nocence, common in most eastern places at all, anywhere). Cephalanthus occidentalis, Button Bush. —***Ratherrare. July 15, 1878.” Of the Composite few were out. I an- alized these: Tussilago farfara. Common Coltsfoot.— Common in sandy. clayey. dry soil, by river. April 11-380. (Erigeron bellidifolium, Robin’s Plan- tain, must have escaped me, it ought to be rather common). Antennaria plantaginifolia, Everlasting. —Abundant high and low, everywhere. April, May, and June Senecio aureum var. obovatus, Ground- sel.—Rather common, localized, April 34, on moist banks by streams. May 13. Hopewell, abundant everywhere. Hieracium venosum, Veined Hawk weed. —Rather common, rich soil and on the mountains. May 381. Hieracium paniculatum, Panicled Hawk- weed.—Rather rare, with the last June 1. Taraxacum dans-leonis, Dande-lion.-— Abundant. May and early June low lands. Lobelia spicata, Spiked Lobelia.—Not rare, by roadsides and in fields (I also found it on the mountain, but near a clearing by abrook, June 30). June. Campanula rotundifolia, Hare Bell.— Growing out of the loose soil of the rocks on the mountains. I found a splendid specimen with the root leaves [spatulate]| ee: 15 which usually decay at once after forming and fall off. June 2, not rare. Gaylussacia resinosa, Black Huckleberry. —I am quite positive I have this plant in my collection, but it is a poor specimen. I! is common on Fishkill mountains, the last of May. Vaccineum stamineum, Squaw Huckle- berry or Deerberry..—All over the moun- tains, abundant. May 22-30. (V. vacillans, Low Bush Huckleberry, must have escaped me, as it should be com- mon ‘or not rare, but I failed to find it) Vaccineum pennsylvanicum, Common Low Blueberry.—Common, woods, hill and mountain sides, last of May. Vaccineum corymbosum, Common High Blueberry.—Common in swamps. May. Oxycoccus macrocarpus. Common Cran- berry.—I have found this in low swampy places on one or two occasions, it is rather rare. Kalmia latifolia Calico Bush. Laurel.— Not rare, on the mountain side, last of May and first of June. Kalmia glanca, Swamp Laurel.—I have seen this but can hardly class it, so will say occasional. (K. angustifolia, probably rather rare, but ought to be found). Epigza repens, Trailing Arbutus — Com- mon on the mountains, rare in- low lands, large and small floweis, white and pink colors. April 17-30. Azalia viscosa, Swamp Pink.—Rather rare, mountain base, near spring. May 15. Trientalis americana, Chickweed Winter- green. —*May 23, Fishkill mount~ins, rather rare. 16 Lysim chia stricta, Racemed Loose- strife.—*June 21, not rare, Matteawan Creek near river. Lysimachia quadrifolia. Whorled Loose- strife.—:Imost if not quite sbundant, damp wood land and roadsides. June 10-30. Aphyllon uniflora, Broom:ape.—Not rare in the dry places on the mount.ins. May 27. Verbascum blattaria, Moth Mullein.—* June 25, not rare along the railroad track. Linaria vulg:ris, Common Toad Flax.— Common ip waste placcs and slong road sides, dry soil. Jnne 2. (I did not find L. Canadensis, which is sm«ller and h s blue flowers). (I hoped to find Collinsi: verna, Inno- cence.—but was unable to do so.) Mimulus ringens, Monkey Flower.—* Not rare, June 23, neur the river. Veronica serpyllifoli:, P ul’s Betony.--- I found this rather common growing in the grass in the yrd along the ro d sides, rather dry places, last of May, blue stri- ated. «nd white vaiieties. Veronic: officinalis, Common Speed- wel .—Common throughout May, in simi- lar situations as the last, large and small specimens; » much more hardy plant and more often found in moist situations. Veronica americana, Brooklime.—-Com- mon in brooks at base of mountains; May 31 and June. (I cannot understand why I failed to de tect so many of the other species—V. ana- gallis, scutellaria (skullcap), agrestis (neck- weed), peregrina, and arvensis (corn speed- —Ss:. 17 well), ought all to have been found in their proper localities. ) Castillegia coccinea, Painted Cup.—I was delighted to find this really rare flower on the south-east side of one of the moun- tain slopes near the top, a single patch of about a dozen flowers, were all I found; dry situation, May 14. Pedicularis candensis, Lousewort.— Abundant everywhere in moist, wet situa- tions, high and low, May 14-30. (As most of the Labiatez are late bloom- ers, very few of them were collected. ) Nepeta cataria, Catmint.—Is just about out; June 30. Nepeta glechoma, Gili-over-the-ground. —Rather common, about garden fences and along roadsides; April 28 and May. Brunella vulgaris, Blue Carls.*— May 28, not rare, on the Newburgh side. Echium vulgare, Blue Weed, Viper’s Bugloss.—Rather common in most waste grounds and dry soil; June. Myosotis palustris, Forget-me-not.—Com- mon, ‘‘sluggish streams ” meadowy wood- land; late in May and early in June. (Myosotis arvensis. Field Scorpion Grass, is probably not out.) Cynoglossum officinalis, Common Hound's Tongue.*—Rather rare; June 4. Hydrophyllum virginicum, Waterleaf.—I found this in dry, rich soil on the moun- tain slopes, rather rare; May 27-30. Pharbitis purpurea, Morning Glory.— Not, or rather rare, twining about other plants along hedges. June 2. Convolvulus arvensis, Bind weed.-—*Abun- dant, June 6th, by the river road. 18 Calystegia spithameus, Upright Bind- weed —*June 6 abundant in many places. Calystgia sepium, Rutland Beauty.—* June 28. Common, Plumpoint. Solanum dulcamara, Bittersweet, Woody Night-shade.---By roadsides, in dry places. June (also as early as May 26). Apocynum cannabinum, Dog’s-bane.— Common along the railroad track by, and at Denning’s Point. June 2. Peripiploca graeca. — Along the roadsides _ near the mountsins, twining on other plants rather rare. May 27. Asclepias cornuti,Common Milkweed.— Abundant, just beginning to bloom. June 30. Asclepias purpurascens Turple Asclepias. —Rather rare, moist meadows at foot of mountains. June 15. Asclepias, incarnata, Swamp Milkweed. —Rather rare, in swamps by railroad track. June 28. Asclepias quadrifolia.—Rather common in rich mountain soil near the base, vary- ing in tints of pale or deep pink. May 27-30. (1 find a possible new variety of this with only two leaves throughout). (Fraxinus americanus, White Ash.-— Must of course have been present, but es- caped me). Asarum canadense, Wild Ginger —I found this common in the woods on moist banks and rocky places, by streams at the foot of one of the mountains. April 20-30. (Aristolochia serpentaria. Snake root — Ought to have been found, but escaped me) Sassafras officinale, Sassifras.— Rather 19 common in the mountains, more so on the eastern slopes. Last of May and early June. Benzoin odoriferum Spicewood.—Rather common in shady moist places by water — “During May. (Dirca palustris, Leatherwood. —Proba- bly not rare in May, but I failed to find it). Ulmus americana, American White Elm. —Abundant, flowers in April. Ulmus fulva, Slippery Elm.—Rather common, flowers in April. Celtis occidentalis, Nettle Tree, Sugar Berry.—I am confident I found this; it ought to be not rare; flowers in May. Morus rubra, Mulberry.—Rather rare; flowers last of April and first of May. Platanus occidentalis. Buttonwood, Sy- camore —Rather rare, flowers in May Juglans cinerea, White Walnut,—Rather common in moist meadow woodland.— Last of April first of May. Juglans nigra. Black Walnut.—Not rare. Last of April first cf May. Carya alba, Shagbark.—Common. Last of April and early May. Carya tomentosa, Mockernut.—Rather common (has a thick large nut and small kernel). Last of April first of May. Carya glabra, Pignut.—Common. April in meadows and swampy regions (Carya amara, Bitternut.—Probably oc- curs, but I have not found it, as not rare). (The Oakes Quercus, were not studied). Castanea vesca, Chestnut —-Common on the mountains. June 30, flowers just ap- pearing. 20 Fagus sylvatica, Beech — Rather rare as far as I can judge from what I have seen May. Corylus americana, Hazelnut. Not rare, (*pparently rather rare here) in this part of the State, flowers last of April. (Ostrya virginica, Hop Hornbeam, Iron- wood; Carpinus americana, Hornbeam, Water Beech; ought both to be found not rare, flowers last of April). Betula papyracea, Canoe or Paper Birch. —Common. Last of April (B. populifolia, White Beech, I think I detected on the mountains where it ought to be rather com- mon). Betula lenta. Black Birch.—Common in damp places by water usually. Last of April. (I think other species occur, but I did not find them in my short time collec- ting.) Alnus serrulata, Common Alder.—Abun- dant by streams and roadsides. April. (Alnus incana, Black or Speckled Alder, and Alnus virdis, Mountain Alder.—I am sure I gathered, and found them not rare in April). Comptonia asplenifolia, Sweet Fern.— Common in woodland clearings. Early May. (The Willows Salix, and Poplars, Popu- lus, were not studied at all. owing to the difficulty of separating them, without the fruit which does not appear until the suc- ceeding season). (The Conifere or Pine family were not studied in the short time allowed for col- lecting). Ariseema triphyllum, Jack-in-the-pulpit. a —_— +. = = TS 21 Wet lands (occasionally in dry places) near water at the foot of the mountains, not rare. April 27-30. Simplocarpus feetidus, Skunk Cabbage. -- Rather rare, as far as I conld see, swamps. Last of March and first April. Cypripedium, Large Yellow Ladies’ Slip- per, Hopewell. Not rare in one spot, by hillside May 138. Cypripedium spectabile, Showy purple Ladies’ Slippers —Rather rare, one locality, moist bank near water, and at foot of mountain. June 29. (The flower had faded out but still clung to the stalk ) (The Orchids were hardly yet out ) Hypoxis erecta, Stargras:.--Rather com- mon, among other grasses. June. Sisyrinchium bermudianum, Blue-eyed Grass.— Rather common in meadows with otber grasses. June 2. Smilax peduncularis, Tall Carrion Flower. —*May 29 Rather common ‘ Blooming Grove near R. R. track.” | (I found the ‘\ri{lum when too late to destinguish the snecies. owing to the de- cay of the flower, I think there were both Erectum and Cernuum). Erythronium americanum, Yellow Ad- -der-tongue Lily.— Very abundant through- out April and May, indamp woodland near water, where the bulb sinks sometines a foot deep, large patches often occur. Allium canadense, Wild Onion —not rare in rocky places, rocky soil June 2 Polygonatum multiflorum, True Soio- mon’s Seal.--Common in the woods, high and low. May. (Clintonia borealis, Large flowered Clin- 22 tonia Lily; Streptopus roseus. Rose col- ored Twist stalk; S. amp'exifolius, Smooth Twist stalk. [Smilacina stellata, Starflow ered Solomon’s Seal ] I am sure I detec- ted all these, and they should be not rare. ] did not analyze and do not like to in- clude them, except questionably). Smilacina racemosa, Wild Spikenard, Clustered Soloman’s Seal.—Commen in dry or damp woody places. May 20-30. Smilacina bifolia, Two leaved Solomon’s Seal.—*May 238, not rare on the Fishkill mountains. Smilacina trifolia, Three leaved Solomon’s Seal.—I saw a few specimens of this on the mountains; it is probably not rare in May. Uvularia perfoliata, Perfoliate Bellwort.— Rather common in most situations all along the base of the mountains. May 8-15. Uvularia sessilifolia, Serrate-leaved Bell- wort —Not rare at Melzinga at the base of the mountains, the last of April. Xyris bulbosa, Yellow-eyed Grass — Ratber common, in fields and along mead owy places May 31. Equisetum arvense, Field Horse-tail.— Common sandy soils, and nearly always along the railroad tracks. April 17-28, with Equisetum sytvaticum, Wood Horse- tail.— Which is rather rare, comparatively. (I did not analize the other species of this grass. ) Botrichium virginicum, Moon-wort, Rat- tlesnake Fern.—Rather rare, as yet found in only one situation at the foot of the mountain. June 16 in a moist thicket. Osmunda regalis, Royal Fern.—*‘*May 29. rare.” a —~ 23 Osmunda cinnamomea, Cinnamon Fern. —Common, in the woods by the Mountains last of May and first of June. Osmunda claytoniana, Flowering Fern, -- Common with the others Polypodium vulgare, Common Polypod. —Everywhere. May and June. Polypodium hexagonopterum, Triangu- lar Polypod.—in moist rich woodland soil, foot of mountain, not rare. June 29. (Pteris aquilina, Common Brake -—Com- mon but hardly yet in fruit). Adiantum pedantum, Maiden’s-hair. — Abundant throughout the woods, barely in fruit June 30. Asplenium trichomanes, Dwarf Spleen- wort — Rather common, along rocky places April 18. Asplenium ebeneum. Ebony Spleen-wort. —Like the last and with the last. Asplenium felix-femina, Female Fern. —**June 1, not rare.”’ Asplenium thelipteroides, Silver Spleen- wort.—Rather common, on the banks in moist soil by brooks. June 29 (barely out yet). Antigramma rhyzophylla. Walking Fern. —Not rare, found in several situa'ions on the mountains, very local yet often quite thick when it was found. April 22. Aspidium acrostichoides, Shield Fern. --- Common in many places, hardly yet fruited. June 30. Aspidium marginale, Marginal Shield Fern.—Common in the mountains and woods. June 30, and both earlier and later.